Jain Sahitya Ka Bruhad Itihas Part 6

Author(s): Gulabchandra Chaudhary
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002099/1

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/ pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA saM0 20 sampAdaka paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA __ DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kAvya-sAhitya - sampAdaka 1 paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNyiA 1 DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA .. lekhaka / DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI CatID vArANasI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI - 5 Jain Education Intern al Use vandalsRUNG

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA saM0 20 sampAdaka paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 6 kAvya - sAhitya sampAdaka paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA lekhaka DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI Foranha Rilepath maharSa bhagate pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 5

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA saM0 20 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa khaNDa - 6 sampAdaka : paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI - 221005 dUrabhASa : 6521, 318046 dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1998 mUlya : 150.00 rupaye Parshvanath Vidyapeeth Series No. 20 Title : Jaina Sahitya ka Brhad Itihasa Vol. 6 Editors: . Pt. Dalsukh Malvania Dr. M. L. Mehta Publisher : Parshvanath Vidyapeeth I.T.I Road Karaundi Varanasi-221005 Phone : 316521,318046 . Second Edition : 1998 Price: Rs. 150.00 .

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prakAzakIya jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa-bhAga-6 meM mukhya rUpa se jaina kAvyasAhitya varNita hai| prAkRta zodha saMsthAna vaizAlI ke pUrva nidezaka, DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI dvArA likhita evaM padbhUSaNa paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA tathA DaoN0 mohana lAla mehatA dvArA sampAdita isa mahattvapUrNa bhAga kA prathama saMskaraNa san 1973 meM prakAzita huA thaa| isakI uttarottara bar3hatI mAMga ko dRSTigata rakhate hue isakA dvitIya saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| prastuta kRti ke lekhaka DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI evaM sampAdakadvayapadmabhUSaNa paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA evaM DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA ke hama bahuta AbhArI haiM jinhoMne isa chaThe bhAga ko pUrNa kara prakAzanArtha vidyApITha ko diyaa| hama vidyApITha ke mAnad nidezaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke bhI AbhArI haiM jinhoMne isake dvitIya saMskaraNa ko prakAzita karane kA bahumUlya sujhAva diyaa| vidyApITha ke prakAzanAdhikArI evaM pravaktA DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya ke prati hama AbhAra prakaTa karate haiM jinhoMne isake prakAzana sambandhI sampUrNa dAyitva kA kuzalatA se nirvahana kiyA ! - prathama saMskaraNa ke prUpha saMzodhanakartA DaoN0 harihara siMha evaM ka0 madhUlikA mehatA ke sAtha hama zrImatI labbAdevI dharmapatnI lAlA laddezAha ke prati bhI AbhAra prakaTa karate haiM, jinhoMne prathama saMskaraNa kA prakAzana-vyaya bhAra vahana kiyA thaa| isa dvitIya saMskaraNa ke mudraNa kArya ko sundara DhaMga se pUrNa karane ke lie varddhamAna mudraNAlaya nizcaya hI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ke sabhI cha: bhAgoM kA vidvadvarga evaM sAmAnya pAThakoM ne hArdika svAgata kiyA hai tathA zodha kI dRSTi se ye samasta bhAga atyanta upayogI siddha hue haiN| AzA hai isa chaThe bhAga ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ko punarprakAzita kara hama isakI bar3hatI mAMga ko pUrI kara skeNge| bhUpendranAtha jaina

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26 prastuta grantha meM 1. prAstAvika jaina kAvya-sAhitya tatkAlIna paristhitiyAM jaina kAvya-sAhitya ke nirmANa meM mUla preraNAe~ bhAratIya kAvya-sAhitya aura jaina kAmya-sAhitya jaina mahAkAvyoM kA anya sAhitya meM sthAna 2. paurANika mahAkAvya 36-230 jaina paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI pramukha vizeSatAe~ aura pravRttiyAM 31 pratinidhi racanAe~ aura una para AdhArita saMkSisa kRtiyAM rAma-viSayaka paurANika mahAkAvya mahAbhArata-viSayaka paurANika mahAkAvya (saMskRta) tirasaTha zalAkA mahApuruSa-viSayaka paurANika mahAkAvya triSaSTi-zalAkA-puruSacarita se prabhAvita racanAe~ tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke svataMtra paurANika mahAkAvya AdinAhacariya sumaInAhacariya paumapabhacariya supAsanAhacariya caMdappahacariya seyaMsacariya vasupujjacariya anantanAhacariya saMtinAhacariya munisuvvayasAmicariya neminAhacariya pAsanAhacariya mahAvIracariya padmAnanda-mahAkAvya

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prathama tIrthakara para anya racanAe~ ajitanAthapurANa candraprabhacarita zreyAMsanAthacarita vAsupUjya carita vimalanAthacarita zAntinAthapurANa zAntinAthacarita mallinAtha carita munisuvratacarita neminAtha- mahAkAvya neminAthacarita pArzvanAthacarita mahAvIracarita vardhamAnacarita [6] amamasvAmicarita bAraha cakravartI tathA anya zalAkA puruSoM para svataMtra racanAe~ pratyeka buddhacarita kevalicarita prakIrNaka pAtroM ke caritra mahAvIrakAlIna zreNika-parivAra ke caritra mahAvIrakAlIna anya pAtroM ke carita prabhAvaka AcArya-viSayaka kRtiyAM kharataragacchIya AcAryoM ke jIvanacaritra kumArapAla vastupAla- tejapAlacarita vimala maMtricarita jagahUcarita sukRtasAgara pRthvIdhara prabaMdha nAminandanoddhAra prabaMdha bAvaDacaritra aura nAva prabaMdha 95 95 97 99 101 102 104 105 110 11re 116 116 118 126 126 127 128 160 177 178 190 194 202 220 223 226 226 227 228 228 229 229

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229 23. 231-391 233 265 266 karmavaMzotkIrtanakAvya kSemasaubhAgyakAvya 3. kathA-sAhitya aupadezika kathA-saMgraha dharmakathA-sAhitya kI svataMtra racanAe~ puruSapAtra-pradhAna pramukha racanAe~ puruSapAtra pradhAna laghu kathAe~ strIpAtra-pradhAna racanAe~ tIrthamAhAsya-viSayaka kathAe~ tithi-parva-pUjA-stotraviSayaka kathAe~ tithivrata, parva evaM pUjAviSayaka anya kathAe~ parIkathAe~ mugdhakathAe~ nItikathA-sAhitya 4. aitihAsika sAhitya aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI pramukha pravRttiyAM guNavacanadvAtriMzikA dvayAzrayamahAkAvya vastupAla-tejapAla kA kIrtikathA-sAhitya sukRtasaMkIrtana vasantavilAsa kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita hammIramahAkAvya kumArapAlacarita vastupAlacarita jagaDUcarita sukRtasAgara yA pethaDacarita prabandha-sAhitya prabaMdhAvali prabhAvakacarita prabaMdhacintAmaNi 334 360 365 371 374 386. 387 392-474 393 394 403 410 411 415 416 418 418 421

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vividhatIrthakalpa prabandhakoza purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha vividha prakAra ke jaina granthoM meM aitihAsika sAmagrI tugalaka vaMza ke jaina srota nAbhinandanoddhAra prabandha aparanAma zatruMjayatIrthodvAraprabandha mAlavA ke prAntIya muslima zAsaka mugalakAla ke jaina srota prazastiyA~ [C] vastupAla aura tejapAla ke sukRtoM kI smAraka prazastiyAM sukRtako rtikallolinI vastupAla - tejapAla prazasti vastupAla prazasti grantha, dAtA tathA lipikAra - prazastiyAM munisuvvayasAmicariya kI prazasti supAsanAhacariya kI prazasti minAhacaris kI prazasti amamasvAmicarita kI prazasti paTTAvalI aura gurvAvali vicAra zreNI yA sthavirAvalI gaNadhara sAdhazataka kharataragaccha-bRhadgurvAvali vRddhAcArya prabaMdhAvali kharataragaccha - paTTApalI-saMgraha gurvAvali gurvAvali yA tapAgaccha-paDAvalIsUtra senapaTTAvalI balAtkAragaNa kI paTTAvaliyAM kASThAsaMgha- mAthuragaccha - paTTAvalI kASThAsaMgha- lADa bAgaDa punnAgaccha-paTTAvalI - tIrthamAlAe~ vijJaptipatra 426 427 429 429 430 431 431 432 435 437 437 438 439 441 442 443 443 444 449 451 452 452 453 454 455 455 456 456 459 459 459 462

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9 ] 475-607 476 477 481 485 486 492 495 499 [ abhilekha-sAhitya pratimA yA mUrti-lekhasaMgraha 5. lalita vAGmaya pramumnacaritakAvya neminirvANamahAkAvya candraprabhacaritamahAkAvya vardhamAnacarita dharmazarmAbhyudaya sanatkumAracarita jayantavijaya naranAgayaNAnanda munisuvratakAvya zreNikacarita zAntinAthacarita jayodaya-mahAkAvya bAlabhArata laghukAvya zrIdharacaritamahAkAvya jainakumArasaMbhava kAdambarImaNDana candravijayaprabaMdha kAvyamaNDana saMdhAna yA anekArthaka kAvya dvisandhAnamahAkAvya saptasaMghAna gadyakAvya tilakamaMjarI 'tilakamaMjarAkathAsAra gadyacintAmaNi campUkAvya kuvalayamAlA yazastilakacampU 508 511 512 515 515 pada 519 520 521 524 529 536 536 538 539

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543 [ 10 ] jIvandharacampU 541 purudevacampU campUmaNDana 544 gItikAvya 544 rasamuktaka pAThya gItikAvya-dUta yA sandezakAvya (khaNDakAvya ) 545 pAzvobhyudaya 546 nemidUta 548. 551 552. 554 556 jainameghadUta zIladUta pavanadUta 17-20 vIM zatI ke dUtakAnya jaina pAdapUrti sAhitya gItavItarAgaprabandha subhASita vajjAlagga stotra-sAhitya dRzyakAvya-nATaka kavi rAmacandra satyaharizcandra nalavilAsa mallikAmakaranda kaumudImitrANanda raghuvilAsa nirbhayabhImavyAyoga rohiNImRgAMka rAghavAbhyudaya yAdavAbhyudaya vanamAlA candralekhAviSayaprakaraNa prabuddharohiNeya dropadIsvayaMvara moharAvaparAjaya 559. 560 563. 572 574 575. 576 577. 278 579 581 581 581 582 582 582 583 584 585

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587 589 589 590 592 595 596 [ 11 ] mudritakumudacandra dharmAbhyudaya zamAmRta hammIramadamadana karuNAvajrAyudha aMjanApavanaMjaya subhadrAnATikA vikrAntakaurava maithilIkalyANa jyotiSpabhAnATaka rambhAmaMjarI jJAnacandrodayanATaka jJAnasUryodayanATaka sAhityika TIkAe~ anukramaNikA sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI zuddhi-vRddhipatra 596 598 599 601 601 6.2 6 . 2 701 707

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prakaraNa 1 prAstAvika jaina kAvya - sAhitya se hamArA tAtparya usa vizAla sAhitya se hai jo kAvyazAstrasammata vidhi-vidhAna ko yathAsambhava mAnakara mahAkAvya, kathA ( prAkRta meM kAvya ko kathA nAma se kahate haiM ) tathA kAvya kI aneka vidhAoM meM arthAt dRzyakAvya evaM zravyakAvya - zAstrIyakAvya, gadyakAvya, campUkAvya, dUtakAvya, gItikAvya Adi ke rUpa meM likhA gayA ho| ise hama pramukha tIna khaNDoM meM vibhakta kara vivecana kreNge| pahale khaNDa meM paurANika mahAkAvya aura sabhI prakAra kI kathAe~ raheMgI / dvitIya khaNDa meM aitihAsika sAhitya yathA aitihAsika kAvya, prabandha-sAhitya, prazastiyA~, paTTAvaliyA~, pratimA-lekha, anya abhilekha, tIrthamAlAe~, vijJaptipatrAdi kA vivecana hogA / tRtIya khaNDa meM lalita vAGmaya arthAt zAstrIya mahAkAvya, gadyakAvya, campU, nATaka Adi alaMkAra tathA rasa- zailI para likhA huA sAhitya samAviSTa hogA / yaha vizAla sAhitya aneka bhASAoM meM likhA gayA hai para prastuta bhAga meM bhASA kI dRSTi se hamane prAkRta tathA saMskRta meM upalabdha ko hI grahaNa kiyA hai| apabhraMza yA anya bhASAoM meM upalabdha isa prakAra kA sAhitya agale bhAgoM kA viSaya hogA / sarvaprathama jainoM ke paramparA sammata vAGmaya meM 'kAvyasAhitya' kI kyA sthiti yaha jAna lenA paramAvazyaka hai / hai bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se lekara vikrama kI 20 vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka lagabhaga 2500 varSoM ke dIrghakAla meM jaina manISiyoM ne prAkRta aura saMskRta ke jisa vipula vAya kA nirmANa kiyA hai use suvidhA kI dRSTi se, Adhunika vidvAnoM ne, purAnI paribhASAoM kA dhyAna rakhakara pramukha tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai : pahalA Agamika, dUsarA anuAgamika aura tIsarA Agametara / Agamika sAhitya Aja hameM AcArAMga Adi 45 AgamoM tathA unapara likhe vizAla TIkAsAhityaniryukti, cUrNi, bhASya aura TIkAoM ke rUpa meM upalabdha hai / anuAgama sAhitya digambaramAnya zaurasenI Agama -- kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama tathA kundakunda ke granthoM ke rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai / ina donoM prakAra kA sAhitya isa bRhad itihAsa ke pUrva bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho cukA hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa Agametara sAhitya se hamArA tAtparya usa sAhitya se hai jo jainAgamoM kI, viSaya aura zailI kI dRSTi se, anuyoga nAmaka eka vizeSa vyAkhyAna paddhati ke rUpa meM IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM se likhA jAne lagA thaa| isake AviSkAraka AcArya AryarakSita mAne jAte haiN| anuyoga paddhati cAra prakAra se batalAyI gaI hai: 1. caraNakaraNAnuyoga, 2. dharmakathAnuyoga, 3. gaNitAnuyoga, 4. dravyAnuyoga / inake vizeSa vivecana meM na jAkara kevala itanA sUcita karanA hai ki caraNakaraNAnuyogaviSayaka sAhitya aupadezika prakaraNoM ke rUpa meM aura gaNitAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyogaviSayaka sAhitya Agamika prakaraNoM ke rUpa meM jaina sAhitya ke bRhada itihAsa ke pUrva bhAgoM meM nirUpita ho cukA hai| yahA~ dharmakathAnuyoga ke sambandha meM hI kucha kahanA Avazyaka hai| ___ 'dharmakathAnuyoga' kA viSaya vizuddha AcaraNa karanevAle mahApuruSoM kI jIvaniyA~ haiN| isameM samAviSTa viSayavastu eka samaya jaina Agama ke 12veM aMga dRSTivAda ke caturtha vibhAga anuyoga kI viSayavastu' thii| vahA~ vaha do upavibhAgoM meM vibhakta thI : 1. mUla prathamAnuyoga aura 2. gaNDikAnuyoga / mUla prathamAnuyoga meM arahantoM ke garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura nirmANa sambandhI itivRtta tathA ziSya samudAya kA varNana samAviSTa kiyA gayA thA aura gaNDikAnuyoga meM kulakara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi anya mahApuruSoM kA caritra thA / mAnyatAnusAra dRSTivAda aMga kA viccheda ho gayA thA ataH usakA eka vibhAga manuyoga bhI vicchinna mAnA gyaa| AryarakSita ne usakA uddhAra 'dharmakathAnuyoga' ke antargata kiyA, para IsvI san ke prArambha hote-hote vaha bhI vizIrNa ho gyaa| paMcakalpabhASya' ke anusAra zAlivAhana nRpa ke samakAlIna AcArya kAlaka ( vIra0 ni0 605 ke lagabhaga) ne jaina paramparAgata kathAoM ke saMgraharUpa meM prathamAnuyoga nAma se isa vizIrNa sAhitya kA punaruddhAra kiyaa| vasudevahiMDI', 1. samavAyAMga, sU0 147, nandisUtra, sU0 56. 2. gA0 1515-49. 3. tasya tApa suhammasAmiNA jaMbUnAmassa paDhamANuoge titthayaracakvavidasAravaMsaparUvaNAgayaM vasudevacariyaM kahiyaM ti / -vasudevahiMDI, prathama khaNDa, pR0 2.

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prAstAvika AvazyakacUNi', AvazyakasUtra' aura anuyogadvAra kI hAribhadrIyA vRtti tathA Avazyakaniyukti meM prathamAnuyoga nAma se jisa mAhitya kA ullekha hai vaha punaruddharita prathamAnuyoga ko lakSya karake hai| digambara paramparA meM anuyoga yA dharmakathAnuyoga kA sAmAnya nAma prathamAnuyoga diyA gayA hai| sambhavataH isakI vizAlatA, upAdeyatA aura lokapriyatA ke kAraNa ise prathama-anuyoga kahA gayA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki isa sAhitya kA vAstavika nAma to prathamAnuyoga thA kyoMki isa nAma se isake aneka ullekha haiN| para usake lupta hone ke kAraNa AcArya kAlaka dvArA punaruddharita prathamAnuyoga se bheda prakaTa karane ke lie AgamasUtroM-samavAyAMga aura nandisUtra meM samAgata prathamAnuyAga ko 'mUlaprathamAnuyoga' nAma diyA gayA hai / yadyapi ukta AgamasUtroM ke anusAra mUlaprathamAnuyoga kA viSaya kevala tIrthakara aura unake ziSyasamudAya kA caritra-citraNa hai para bhASya, cUrNi evaM vRtti sAhitya ke anusAra prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkaroM ke carita ke sAtha cakravartI, nArAyaNa Adi ke caritoM ke varNana hone kI bAta bhI likhI hai| isakA bhAva yahI samajhanA cAhie ki tIrthaMkaroM ke caritoM ke sAtha anivArya rIti se sambandha rakhanevAle cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi ke caritra bhI prathamAnuyoga ke viSaya haiN| yadi yaha bhAva na hotA to AgamasUtroM kI vyAkhyA karanevAle sAhitya meM aisI bAta na likhI hotii| Arya kAlaka dvArA punaruddhAra kiye gaye prathamAnuyoga meM gaNDikAnuyoga kI bAteM bhI sammilita samajhanI cAhie / ukta AgamasUtroM aura paMcakalpabhASya meM ullikhita 'gaNDikAnuyoga' kI varNyavastu ko dekhate hue yaha nirdhAraNa karanA kaThina hai ki usakA viSaya vAstava meM kyA thA ? 1. ete savvaM gAhAhiM jahA paDhamANunoge taheva ihaipi vanijati visthrto| -AvazyakacUrNi, bhA0 1, pR0 160. 2. pUrvabhavAH khalvamISAM prthmaanuyogto'vseyaaH| -AvazyakahAribhadrIyavRtti, pR0 111-2. 1. anuyogadvArahAribhadrIyavRtti, pR0 80. 4. paribhAzo padhvajA bhAvAo nasthi vAsudevANaM / hoi balANaM so puNa paDhamANuzogAmo gAyavo // -Avazyakaniyukti, gA0 412. 5. vijayavallabhasUri-smAraka-grantha, pR. 52 : prathamAnuyogazAstra ane tenA praNetA sthavira bhAryakAlaka (muni puNyavijayajI).

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa paMcakalpabhASya ke anusAra Arya kAlaka prathamAnuyoga, lokAnuyoga aura saMgrahaNiyoM ke praNetA the| lokAnuyoga aSTAMga nimittavidyA kA grantha thaa| usake naSTa ho jAne para gaNDikAnuyoga kI racanA kI gii| tathya jo ho para Aja prathamAnuyoga hamAre sAmane nahIM hai aura na gaNDikAnuyoga / isalie prathamAnuyoga kI bhASA-zailI, varNanapaddhati, viSayavastu, chanda Adi meM kyA-kyA vizeSatAe~ thI, yaha jAnane ke hamAre pAsa aba koI sAdhana nhiiN| prathamAnuyoga-viSayaka hameM jo pratinidhi racanAe~ milatI haiM-yathA vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM, jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa, jinasena kA mahApurANa, zIlAMka kA cauppannamahApurisacariyaM, bhadrezvarakRta kahAvali aura hemacandrakRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita-una sabameM unheM prathamAnuyoga vibhAga kI racanA kahA gayA hai aura prathamAnuyoga ke AdhAra se racI gaI aneka prAcIna racanAoM (jinameM se aneka anupalabdha haiM) ko apanA srota mAnA gayA hai| prathamAnuyoga aura usake AdhAra para racI gaI prAcIna kRtiyA~ (joki IsvI san kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM racI gaI thI) bhale na milatI hoM, para prathamAnuyoga aura etadviSayaka pazcAtkAlIna saikar3oM racanAe~, tathA anya anuyogoM (caraNakaraNa, gaNita aura dravyAnuyoga) kI bhI racanAe~ Agametara sAhitya kI vizAlatA, vyApakatA aura lokapriyatA kI avazya dyotaka haiM / cU~ki Agamika sAhitya bahuta pIche ( I0 san 453-466 meM ) lipibaddha huA thA isalie Agamika aura Agametara sAhitya ke bIca nizcita bhedaka rekhA khIMcanA saMbhava nhiiN| phira bhI Agamika sAhitya ke pUrNa hone ke pahale hI Agametara sAhitya kI racanA prArambha ho gaI thI aura taba se aba taka jArI hai| hamane Upara yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki Agametara sAhitya Agamika sAhitya 1. pacchA teNa sutte NaTe gaMkhyiAnuyogA kyaa| vimalasUri ne pUrvagata meM se nArAyaNa aura baladeva kA caritra sunakara paumacariyaM kI racanA kI / caupanamahApurisacariyaM nibaddha nAmAvaliyoM (samavAyAMga, sUtra 132) ke AdhAra para likhA gayA aura panacarita anuttaravAgmI kIrtidhara kI racanA ke AdhAra para tathA jinasena ke mAdi purANa kA mAdhAra kavi parimeSTIkRta vAgarthasaMgraha batalAyA gayA hai| 1. pAdalisasUrikRta taraMgalolA ( I0 dUsarI zatAbdI), bhadrabAhukRta vAsudeva carita maadi|

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prAstAvika se ekadama svatantra nhiiN| usane prAcIna AgamoM se hI bIjasUtroM ko liyA hai aura bAharI upAdAnoM tathA navIna zailiyoM dvArA unheM pallavita kara eka svatantra rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai| Agametara sAhitya kI prathamAnuyoga-viSayaka sAmagrI kA navIna kAvyazailiyoM meM prastutIkaraNa hI hamArA 'jaina kAvya-sAhitya' hai| jaina kAvya-sAhitya : jaina vidvAn nUtana kAvya zailI meM, IsvI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI se hI racanAe~ likhane lage the / isa zailI meM racita kRtiyoM meM kAvya kI aneka vidhAoM aura kathAoM ke bahuraMgI rUpoM ke darzana hote haiN| unhoMne vizAlakAya paurANika mahAkAvyoM, sAmAnya kAvyoM, zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM, khaNDakAvyoM, gadyakAvyoM, nATaka, campU Adi vividha kAvyavidhAoM kI tathA ramanyAsa, upanyAsa, dRSTAntakathA, nItikathA, purANakathA, laukikakathA, parIkathA aura nAnAvidha kautukavardhaka adbhuta kathAoM kI racanA kI hai| jaina kAvya-sAhitya kI viSaya vastu vastutaH vizAla hai| usameM RSabhAdi 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke samudita tathA pRthaka-pRthaka aneka nUtana carita, bharata, sanatkumAra, brahmadatta, rAma, kRSNa, pANDava, nala Adi evaM cakravartI jaisI prasiddhi pAnevAle anekoM narezoM ke vividha prakAra ke AkhyAna, nAnA prakAra ke sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM aura rAjA-rAniyoM ke, brAhmaNoM aura zramaNoM ke, seTha aura seThAniyoM ke, dhanika tathA daridroM ke, cora aura juAr3iyoM ke, dhUrta aura gaNikAoM ke, dharmI aura adharmiyoM ke, puNyAtmA aura pApAtmAoM evaM nAnA prakAra ke mAnavoM ko uddeza kara likhe gae kathA-grantha haiN| __ jaina kAvya-sAhitya kI, IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM se pA~cavI taka katipaya kRtiyA~ ullekha rUpa meM hI milatI haiN| pA~cavIM se dasavIM taka sarvAGgapUrNa, vikasita evaM Akara-granthoM ke rUpa meM aisI vizAla racanAe~ milatI haiM jinheM hama pratinidhi racanAe~ kaha sakate haiM kintu ve haiM aMguliyoM para ginane lAyaka / parantu gyArahavIM se aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka etadviSayaka racanAe~ vizAla gaMgA kI dhArA ke samAna pracura pramANa meM upalabdha hotI haiM, aura aba bhI manda evaM kSINa dhArA ke rUpa meM pravAhita haiN| __ bhASA ke kSetra meM jaina kAvyasAhitya kisI eka bhASA meM kabhI nahIM baddha rhaa| eka ora unhoMne prAMjala, praur3ha, udAtta saMskRta meM to dUsarI ora sarva

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bodha saMskRta meM tathA prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM nAnA janapadIya bhASAoM-tamila, kannaDa, marAThI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI meM vizAla kAvya sAhitya kI racanA prastuta bhAga meM hama prAkRta aura saMskRta meM likhe gaye etadviSayaka sAhitya kA vivaraNa prastuta kreNge| tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ : kisI bhI dharma yA sampradAya ke viziSTa sAhitya kA adhyayana karane ke lie usa yuga kI rAjanItika, dhArmika, sAmAjika aura sAhityika paristhitiyoM kA paricaya prApta karanA samIcIna hogaa| jainoM ke kAvya sAhitya kI upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra se hama kaha sakate haiM ki usakA nirmANa IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI se prArambha ho gayA thaa| rAjanItika dRSTi se yaha guptavazI rAjyasattA ke asta kA kAla thaa| uttara bhArata meM san 450 ke lagabhaga hUNoM kA AkramaNa huA thaa| bhArata meM kendrIya zAsana kA abhAva ho gayA thA aura vaha aneka svatantra saMgharSarata rAjyavaMzoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thA, aura yaha sthiti prAyaH aMgrejI zAsana sthApita hone ke pUrva taka barAbara banI rhii| (a) rAjanItika paristhitiyA~-jainadharma ne guptakAla ke samaya yA usase kucha pUrva pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata ko apane viziSTa kArya-kalApoM kA kendra banAyA thaa| vaise jainadharmAnuyAyI madhyakAla meM baMgAla, ur3IsA, bihAra aura uttara pradeza ke katipaya sthAnoM meM barAbara bane rahe para unakI tatkAlIna sAhityika gatividhiyoM kA hameM koI patA nahIM / madhyakAla meM mAlavA, rAjasthAna, uttarI gujarAta tathA dakSiNa bhArata ke karnATaka Adi prAntoM meM jainadharma kA acchA samAdara rahA aura apane sAhityika kAryakalApoM meM unheM jaina janatA ke atirikta rAjyavarga se saMrakSaNa aura preraNA milatI rhii| dakSiNa ke pUrvamadhyakAlIna rAjyavaMzoM jaise gaMga, kadamba, cAlukya aura rASTrakUToM ne aura unake adhIna aneka sAmantoM, mantriyoM aura senApatiyoM ne jainadharma ko Azraya hI nahIM diyA balki ve jaina vidhi se calane ke lie pravRtta bhI hue the| mAnyakaTa ke kucha rASTrakUTa nareza to pakke jaina the aura unake saMrakSaNa meM kalA aura 1. vimalasUrikRta 'paumacariyaM' (530 vi0 saM0) tathA saMghadAsa-dharmadAsa gaNikRta 'vasudevahirI' (6ThI zatAbdI ke pUrva)

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prAstAvika sAhitya ke nirmANa meM jainoM kA yogadAna bar3e mahatva kA hai / isa yuga se sambaddha pramukha kaviyoM aura granthakAroM kI eka maNDalI thI jinakI sAhityika racanAe~ mahAn pANDitya ke udAharaNa haiM / vIrasena, jinasena, guNabhadra, zAkaTAyana, mahAvIrAcArya, svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, malTipeNa sAmadeva, pampa Adi isI yuga ke haiM / unakI saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura kannaDa sAhitya meM kRtiyA~ evaM lAkSaNika sAhitya - gaNita, vyAkaraNa, rAjanIti Adi para racanAe~ sthAyI mahattvavAlI haiN| rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa ( laga0 san 815 - 77 I0 ) jinasena kA bhakta thA aura apane jIvana ke antima bhAga meM usane jainadharma svIkAra kiyA thA tathA katipaya jaina granthoM ko racA thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM vijayanagara sAmrAjya ( 14 - 15 vIM zatAbdI ) ke patana ke bAda bhI kaI jaina sAmanta rAjA the jo ki aMgrejI zAsana ke Agamana ke samaya bane rahe / uttaramadhyakAla meM jainoM kI sAhityika pravRtti ke kendra gujarAta meM ahalapura, khaMbhAta aura bhar3auca, rAjasthAna meM bhinnamAla, jAbAlipura, nAgapura, ajayameru, citrakUTa aura AbAda pura tathA mAlavA meM ujjaina, gvAliyara aura dhArAnagara the| usa samaya gujarAta meM caulukya aura baghela, rAjasthAna meM cAhamAna', paramAra vaMza kI zAkhAe~ aura guhilauta tathA mAlavA aura par3osa meM paramAra, candela aura kalcuri rAjA rAjya karate the| ina zAsaka vaMzoM ne jainadharma aura jaina samAja ke sAtha bahuta sahAnubhUti aura samAdara kA vyavahAra kiyA, isase jaina sAdhuoM aura gRhasthoM ko nirvighna sAhityika sevA aura jIvanayApana meM bar3I pragati aura saphalatA milI / gujarAta ke caulukya narezoM, vizeSakara siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAla ke Azraya meM jainadharma ne apane pratApI dina dekhe aura usa yuga meM kalA aura sAhitya ke nirmANa meM jainoM ke yogadAna ne gujarAta ko mahAn banA diyA, jo Aja bhI hai / isa samaya se gujarAta meM sAhityika kriyA-kalApa kA eka yuga prArambha huA aura isakA zreya hemacandra aura unake bAda honevAle aneka jaina kaviyoM ko hai| rAja darabAroM meM jainAcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ke tyAgI jIvana aura usake sAtha vidyopAsanA kI bhI bar3I pratiSThA kI jAtI thI aura aneka rAjavaMzI loga bhI unake bhakta aura upAsaka hone meM apanA kalyANa samajhate the / muslima zAsana kAla meM yadyapi jainoM ke mandira yatra-tatra naSTa kiye gaye para saMbhavataH utane adhika parimANa meM nahIM / usa kAla meM bhI jainAcAryoM aura jaina 1. DA0 dazaratha zarmA, marlI cauhAna DAinesTI, pR0 227 - 228. 9

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gRhasthoM kI pratiSThA kAyama thii| dillI kA bAdazAha muhammada tugalaka jinaprabhasUri kA bar3A samAdara karatA thA / mugala samrATa akabara aura jahAMgIra ne AcArya horavijaya, zAnticandra aura bhAnucandra ke upadezoM se prabhAvita ho jIvarakSA ke lie pharamAna nikAle the| akabara ne AcArya horavijaya jI ko jagadguru kI upAdhi dI thI aura unake anurodha para pajjUsaNa ke jaina vArSikotsava ke samaya una sthAnoM meM prANihiMsA kI manAhI kara dI thI jahA~ ki jaina loga rahate the| isa rAjanItika sthiti kA prabhAva jaina kAvya sAhitya para vividha rUpa se par3A aura pA~cavIM zatI IsvA se anavarata jaina kAvya-sAhitya kA nirmANa hotA rhaa| (A) dhArmika paristhitiyoM-guptakAla se aba taka bhArata meM dhArmika paristhiti ne aneka karavaTeM badalI haiN| guptayuga meM eka navIna brAhmaNadharma kA udaya ho rahA thA jisakA AdhAra vedoM kI apekSA purANa adhika mAne jAte the| brAhmaNadharma meM nAnA avatAroM kI pUjA aura bhakti kI pradhAnatA thii| gupta nareza svayaM bhAgavata dharmAnuyAyI arthAt viSNupUjaka the parantu ve bar3e hI dharmasahiSNu aura anya dharmoM ko saMrakSaNa denevAle the| bauddhadharma ke mahAyAna sampradAya kA gupta rAjyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM acchA pracAra thaa| nAlandA aura pazcima meM valabhI bauddhadharma ke naye kendroM ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahe the| jainadharma bhI vikasita sthiti meM thaa| valabhI meM devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne jainAgamoM kA pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM saMkalana kiyA thaa| isa yuga kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki vibhinna dharmoM meM paraspara AdAna-pradAna aura saMmizraNa adhika mAtrA meM bar3hane lagA thaa| jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura bhagavAn buddha hindU avatAroM meM gine jAne lage the| usa samaya ke aneka dhArmika vizvAsoM meM ulaTa-palaTa ho rahI thI, dhArmika jIvana meM vidharmI tattvoM kA praveza hone lagA thA aura eka hI kuTumba aura rAjyavaMza meM vibhinna dharmoM kI eka sAtha upAsanA hone lagI thii| tAMtrika dharma kA vistAra bar3hane lagA thaa| hindUdharma ke bhAgavata, zAkta aura zaiva sampradAyoM meM tathA bauddhadharma meM tAMtrika dharma praviSTa ho cukA thaa| jainadharma meM vaha maMtravAda ke rUpa meM praviSTa ho rahA thaa| tAMtrika devI-devatAoM ke rUpa meM camatkAra-pradarzana ke lie yA vAda-vivAda meM parAjaya ke lie kucha deviyoMjaise jvAlAmAlinI, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI Adi kA AviSkAra hone lagA thA / unakI svataMtra mUrtiyA~ va mandiroM kA nirmANa bhI hone lagA thA tathA unake lie srotra-pUjAe~ bhI racI jAne lagI thiiN| zaiva aura vaiSNava dharmoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa tIrthaMkaroM ko kartA-hartA mAnakara unake bhaktiparaka stotra banane lge|

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prAstAvika jainAcAryoM ne aise laukika dharmoM ko bhI apane dharma meM zAmila kara liyA jo dharma-sammata na hote hue bhI loka meM apanA vizeSa prabhAva rakhate the| nAnA prakAra ke parva, tIrtha, maMtra Adi kA mAhAtmya mAnA jAne lagA aura usake nimitta nAnA prakAra kA kathA-sAhitya likhA jAne lagA thaa| isa yuga meM sasaMgha tIrthayAtrA ko mahattva bhI diyA jAne lgaa| __ jaina zramaNasaMgha kI vyavasthA meM bhI anekoM parivartana hone lage the| mahAvIranirvANa ke lagabhaga 6 sau varSa bAda jaina munigaNa vana-udyAna aura parvatopatyakA kA nivAsa chor3a grAmoM-nagaroM meM ThaharanA ucita samajhane lage the| ise 'vasativAsa' kahate haiN| gRhasthavarga jo pahale 'upAsaka' nAma se saMbodhita hotA thA vaha dhIre-dhIre niyata rUpa se dharmazravaNa karane lagA aura aba vaha upAsaka-upAsikA kI jagaha zrAvaka-zrAvikA kahalAne lgaa| vasativAsa ke kAraNa muniyoM aura gRhastha zrAvakoM ke bIca nikaTa samparka hone se jaina saMgha meM aneka matabheda aura AcAra-viSayaka zithilatAe~ Ane lgii| IsA kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM mUrti tathA mandiroM kA nirmANa zrAvaka kA pradhAna dharma bana gyaa| muniyoM kA dhyAna bhI jJAnArAdhanA se haTakara mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI dekhabhAla meM lagane lagA thA / ve pUjA aura marammata ke lie dAnAdi grahaNa karane lage the| phalataH sAtavIM zatAbdI ke bAda se jinapratimA, jinAlayanirmANa aura jinapUjA ke mAhAtmya para vizeSa rUpa se sAhitya nirmANa hone lgaa| IsA kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM muniyoM ke samudAya kula, gaNa aura zAkhAoM meM vibhakta the jinameM muniyoM kA hI prAbalya thA para dhore-dhIre gRhastha zrAvakoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa naye nAma vAle saMgha, gaNa, gaccha evaM anvayoM kA udaya hone lagA tathA kaI gaccha-paramparAe~ cala par3I thii| pahale jaina AgamasUtroM kA paThana-pAThana jaina sAdhuoM ke lie hI niyata thA para dezakAla ke parivartana ke sAtha zrAvakoM ke paThana-pAThana ke lie unakI ruci kA dhyAna rakha Agamika prakaraNa aura aupadezika prakaraNoM ke sAtha nUtana kAvyazailI meM paurANika mahAkAvya, bahuvidha kathA-sAhitya aura stotroM tathA pUjA-pAThoM kI racanA hone lgii| pA~cavIM se dasavIM zatAbdI taka jaina manISiyoM dvArA aisI aneka vizAla evaM pratinidhi racanAe~ likhI gaI jo Age kI kRtiyoM kA AdhAra mAnI jA sakatI haiN| IsA kI 11vIM aura 12vIM zatAbdI meM deza kI rAjanItika aura sAmAjika paristhitiyoM meM parivartana ke sAtha jainasaMgha ke ubhaya sampradAyoM

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12 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa digambara aura zvetAmbara ke Antarika saMgaThanoM meM navIna parivartana hue jisase jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM eka nUtana jAgaraNa huaa| diga0 sampradAya meM taba taka aneka saMgha, gaNa aura gaccha bana cuke the aura unake aneka mAnya AcArya maThAdhIza jaise bana gaye the aura dhIre-dhIre eka navIna saMgaThana bhaTTAraka va mahanta vaga ke rUpa meM udaya ho rahA thA jo pakkA caityavAsI banane lagA thaa| isI taraha zvetAmbara sampradAya caityavAsa aura vasativAsa ke vivAdasvarUpa anekoM gaNoM aura gacchoM meM vibhakta hone lagA thA aura vibhinna gaccha-paramparAe~ calane lagI thii| gaNa-gacchanAyakoM ne apane-apane dala kI pratiSThA ke lie evaM anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hAne ke lie vibhinna pradezoM aura nagaroM meM vizeSa rUpa se paribhramaNa kiyaa| ina logoM ne apane vidyAbala evaM prabhAvadarzaka zaktisAmarthya se rAjakIya varga aura dhanika varga ko apanI ora AkarSita kiyA aura bar3hate hue ziSyavarga ko kAryakSama aura jJAnasamRddha banAne ke lie nAnA prakAra kI vyavasthA kii| isake phalasvarUpa dakSiNa aura pazcima bhArata ke aneka sthAnoM ma jJAnasatra aura zAstrabhaNDAra sthApita hue| vahA~ Agama, nyAya, sAhitya aura vyAkaraNa Adi viSayoM ke jJAtA vidvAnoM kI vyavasthA kI gaI, svAdhyAyamaNDala khole gaye aura adhyApaka aura adhyayanArthiyoM ke lie Avazyaka aura upayogI sAmagrI upalabdha karAyI gaI / 'vidvAn sarvatra pUjyate' isa yukti ko mahattva dekara jaina sAdhu aura gRhastha vaga apanI vidyA-viSayaka samRddhi bar3hAne kI ora vizeSa dhyAna dene lge| jaina siddhAnta ke adhyayana ke bAda anya dArzanika sAhitya kA tathA vyAkaraNa, kAvya, alaMkAra, chandazAstra aura jyotiHzAstra Adi sArvajanika sAhitya kA bhI vizeSa rUpa se Akalana hone lagA aura isa viSaya ke naye-naye grantha race jAne lge| (i) sAmAjika paristhitiyA~-hamAre isa Alocya yuga ke pUrvamadhyakAla meM sAmAjika stabdhatA dhIre-dhIre bar3hane lagI thii| bhAratIya samAja jAtiprathA se jakar3atA jA rahA thA aura dhArmika tathA rIti-rivAja ke baMdhana dRr3ha hote jA rahe the| uttaramadhyakAla (11-12 vIM zatAbdI) Ate-Ate samAja anekoM jAtiyoM aura upa-jAtiyoM meM vibhAjita hone lagA thaa| dhIre-dhIre pragatizIla aura samanvaya evaM sahiSNutA ke sthAna para sthira rUr3hivAda aura kaThoratA ne paira jamA liye the| samAja meM tantra-mantra, TonA ToTakA, zakuna-muhUrta Adi aMdhavizvAsa azikSita aura zikSita donoM meM ghara kara gaye the| dhArmika kSetra tathA sAmAjika kSetra meM uttarottara bhedabhAva bar3hatA jA rahA thaa| kriyA

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prAstAvika 13 kANDa aura zuddhi-azuddhi ke kAraNa brAhmaNa varga meM chUtAchUta kA vicAra bar3ha rahA thA / jAtiyoM ke upajAtiyoM meM vibhakta hone se unameM khAna-pAna, roTIbeTI kA sambandha banda ho rahA thA / kSatriya aura vaizya varga meM bhI ina naye parivartanoM kA prabhAva par3ane lagA thA / kSatriya varga ke rAjavaMzoM se zAsana kArya prAyaH china rahA thA / isa kAla ke aneka rAjavaMza prAyaH akSatriya varga ke the| uttara bhArata meM thAnezvara ke pUSpabhUti vaizya the| maukharI aura pazcAt kAlIna guptarAjA akSatriya hI the / baMgAla ke pAla aura sena zUdra the / kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAra videzI the jo pIche kSatriya banAye gaye the / isI taraha paramAra aura cauhAna bhI the / tAtparya yaha ki kSatriyavarga meM aneka tattvoM kA saMmizraNa ho rahA thA / sAmAnya kSatriya vyApAra kara vaizyavRtti dhAraNa kara rahe the aura dhArmika dRSTi se ve kisI eka dharma ke mAnanevAle na the tathA pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata meM bahusaMkhyaka jainadharmAvalambI bhI ho gaye the / ke isa kAla meM vaizyavarga meM bhI nUtana rakta saMcAra huA / 6ThI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga ve jaina aura bauddha dharma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa kRSi karma chor3a cuke the kyoMki uttara bhArata meM usa samaya kRSakoM kI apekSA vyApArika varga sammAnanIya samajhA jAtA thA / isa kAla meM aneka kSatriya vaizyavRtti svIkAra karane lage the / kaI jaina srotoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki kucha kSatriya ahiMsA ke prabhAva se zastrajIvikA badalakara vyApAra aura lena-dena vRtti karane lage the / hamAre yuga meM vaizya loga aneka jAtiyoM aura upa-jAtiyoM meM ba~Ta gaye the / isa kAla kA jainadharma adhikAMzataH vyApArika varga ke hAtha meM thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharmAnuyAyiyoM meM aba bhI brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya haiM para prAyaH sabhI vyApAra vRtti karate haiN| dakSiNa aura pazcima bhArata meM dhanika vyApArika varga saMrakSaNa meM jainadharma bar3A hI phlaa-phuulaa| aneka jaina vaizyoM ko rAjya kAryoM meM sakriya sahayoga dene kA avasara milA thA aura ve rAjya ke choTe-bar3e adhikAra padoM para suzobhita hue the 1 aneka jaina vibhinna rAjyoM ke mahAmAtya aura mahAdaNDanAyaka jaise padoM para bhI pratiSThita hue the| dakSiNa aura pazcima bhArata ke aneka zilAlekha unakI amara gAthAoM ko gAte hue pAye gaye haiM / muslima kAla meM bhI jaina gRhasthoM ke kAraNa jainAcAryoM kI pratiSThA kAyama thI / dillI, AgarA aura ahamadAbAda ke kaI jaina parivAroM kA, unake vyApArika sambandhoM evaM vizAla dhanarAzi ke kAraNa, mugala darabAroM meM bar3A prabhAva thA / rAjapUta rAjyoM meM bhI aneka jaina senApati aura maMtriyoM ke mahattvapUrNa padoM para the| mugaloM se dRr3hatApUrvaka lar3anevAle rANA pratApa ke samaya ke bhAmAzAha, AzAzAha aura bharamala 1

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15 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa . Adi prasiddha haiN| IsTa iNDiyA kampanI ke samaya meM jagatseTha, siMghI Adi viziSTa parivAra the jo rAjaseTha mAne jAte the aura rAjyazAsana meM unakA bar3A prabhAva thaa| rAjakIya pratiSThA ke sAtha-sAtha isa kAla meM jaina vaizya bar3A hI supaThita aura prabuddha thaa| jainAcAryoM ke samAna hI vaha bhI sAhityasevA meM rata thaa| isa kAla meM jaina gRhasthoM ne anekoM granthoM kI racanA bhI ko hai| apabhraMza mahAkAvya padmacarita ke racayitA svayambhU , tilakamaMjarI jaise puSTa gadyakAvya ke praNetA dhanapAla, kannaDa cAmuNDarAyapurANa ke lekhaka cAmuNDarAya, naranArAyaNAnanda mahAkAvya ke racayitA vastupAla, dharmazarmAbhyudayakAra harizcandra, paMDita AzAdhara, ahaMhAsa, kavi maMDana Adi aneka jaina gRhastha hI the| jainAcAryoM dvArA aneka grantha praNayana karAne, unakI pratiyoM ko likhAkara vitaraNa karane tathA aneka zAstrabhaNDAroM ke nirmANa karAne meM jaina vaizya varga kA pramukha hAtha rahA hai| (I) sAhityika avasthA--Alocya yuga ke pUrva guptakAla saMskRta sAhitya kA svarNayuga kahA jAtA hai| usa samaya taka vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, azvaghoSa ke kAvya buddhacarita evaM saundarananda tathA kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza, kumArasaMbhava Adi evaM prAkRta ke gAthAsaptazatI evaM setubaMdha Adi bana cuke the aura eka viziSTa kAvyAtmaka zailI kA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thA tathA saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza meM uttarottara uccakoTi kI racanAe~ hone lagI thIM / taba taka brAhmaNoM ke mukhya purANa bhI antima rUpa dhAraNa kara rahe the| isa yuga meM kAvyoM ko zAstrIya paddhati para bA~dhane ke lie bhAmaha, daNDi, rudraTa prabhRti vidvAnoM ke kAvyAlaMkAra, kAvyAdarza Adi granthoM kA praNayana huaa| rItibaddha zailI para isa yuga meM aneka kAvyoM kI sRSTi hone lagI thI jinameM bhAravikRta kirAtArjunIya, mAghakRta zizupAlavadha, zrIharSakRta naiSadhIya-carita bRhattrayI ke nAma se vikhyAta haiN| zAstrIya paddhati para kAvya kI aneka vidhAoM jaise gadyakAvya, campU, dUtakAvya, anekArthakAvya, nATaka Adi kI sRSTi isa yuga meM huI / jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI isa yuga kI mA~ga ko dekhaa| unakA dharma vaise to tyAga aura vairAgya para pradhAna rUpa se bala detA hai| unake zuSka upadezoM ko binA prabhAvotpAdaka lalita zailI ke kauna sunane ko taiyAra thA ? jaina muniyoM ko zRGgAra Adi kathAoM ko sunane aura sunAne kA niSedha thA para zrAvaka varga ko sAdhAraNatayA isa prakAra kI kathAoM meM vizeSa rasopalabdhi hotI thii| yuga kI

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saar`aacchi mA~ga ke anurUpa jaina vidvadvarga ne na kevala saMskRta meM balki prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM bhI anekavidha racanAe~ likhii| jaina vidvAn svabhAvataH saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke vidvAn the| prAkRta unake dharma-granthoM kI bhASA thI aura sAmAnya varga taka pahu~cane ke lie ve apabhraMza meM racanAe~ likhakara usakA vikAsa kara rahe the tathA paNDita evaM abhijAta varga se samparka ke lie saMskRta meM bhI parama niSNAta the| saMskRta yathArthataH usa kAla taka pANDityapUrNa vivecanoM aura racanAoM kI bhASA bana gaI thii| etannimitta jainoM ne nyAya, vyAkaraNa, gaNita, rAjanIti evaM dhArmika-upadezaprada viSayoM ke atirikta AlaMkArika zailI meM purANa, carita evaM kathAoM para gadya evaM padya kAvyarUpa meM saMskRta racanAe~ nirmita kii| sAhitya-nirmANa ke kSetra meM jainoM kA sarvaprathama dhyAna lokaruci kI ora rahA hai isalie unhoMne sAmAnya jana bhogya prAkRta, apabhraMza ke atirikta aneka prAntIya bhASAoM-kannaDa, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI evaM hindI Adi meM granthoM kA pracura rAzi meM praNayana kiyaa| jainoM ke sAhityanirmANa kArya meM rAjavarga aura dhanikavarga kI ora se bar3A protsAhana evaM preraNA milI thii| usakI carcA hama kara cuke haiN|| (u) lekhanakArya meM suvidhA-jaina vidvAnoM ko lekhanakArya meM sAdhuvarga aura samAja kI ora se bhI aneka suvidhAe~ prApta thiiN| jaba koI vidvAn navIna grantha racane kA prayAsa karatA thA to vaha etannimitta lakar3I kI pATI yA kapar3e para zabdoM ko likhA karatA thA aura una zabdoM kI vyutpatti para eka-dUsare se vicAra-vimarza karatA thaa| zabdoM ke upayukta prayogoM ke lie prAcIna kaviyoM ke granthoM se namUne lie jAte the aura bhAvAnukUla racanA kA nirmANa kara saMzodhana-kartAoM se usakA saMzodhana karA liyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra grantha ke saMzodhita rUpa ko patthara-pATI-sleTa athavA lakar3I kI pATI Adi para likhakara use sulipikoM dvArA grantharUpa meM likhA liyA jAtA thaa| grantharacanA karate samaya vizeSa-vizeSa sUcanA dene ke lie vidvAn ziSya aura sAdhugaNa sahAyaka rahate the| kitanI bAra vidvAn upAsaka bhI isa prakAra kI sahAyatA karate the| jaina kAvya-sAhitya ke nirmANa meM mUla preraNAe~: (a) dhArmika bhAvanA--pUrva aura uttara madhyakAla kI rAjanItika, dhArmika, sAmAjika aura sAhityika paristhitiyoM tathA lekhana kArya kI suvidhAoM kA 1. prabhAvakacarita-hemacandrAcAryacaritam .

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prabhAva hamAre Alocya yuga ke jaina kAvya sAhitya para vizeSa rUpa se pdd'aa| jainakAvyakAroM kA dRSTikoNa, isa sAhitya ko dekhane se spaSTa jhalakatA hai ki dhArmika thaa| jainadharma ke AcAra aura vicAroM ko ramaNIya paddhati se evaM rocaka zailI se prastuta kara dhArmika cetanA aura bhaktibhAvanA ko jAgrata karanA unakA mukhya uddezya thaa| jaina kaviyoM ne jaina kAvyoM kI racanA eka ora svAntaH sukhAya kI hai to dUsarI ora komalamati janasamUha taka jainadharma ke upadezoM ko pahu~cAne ke lie kI hai| isake lie unhoMne dharmakathAnuyoga yA prathamAnuyoga kA sahArA liyA hai| jana-sAmAnya ko sugama rIti se dhArmika niyama samajhAne ke lie kathAtmaka sAhitya se bar3hakara adhika prabhAvazAlI sAdhana dUsarA nahIM hai| unakI kucha racanAoM ko chor3akara adhikAMza kRtiyA~ vidvadvarga ke lie nahIM apitu sAmAnya koTi ke janasamUha ke lie haiN| isa kAraNa se hI unakI bhASA adhika sarala rakhI gaI hai| janatA ko prabhAvita karane ke lie aneka prakAra kI jIvanaghaTanAoM para AdhArita kathAoM aura upakathAoM kI yojanA ina kAvyagraMthoM kI vizeSatA hai| ina vidvAnoM ne cAhe premAkhyAnaka kAvya racA ho athavA caritAtmaka, sabhI meM dhArmika bhAvanA kA pradarzana avazya kiyA hai| isa dhArmika bhAvanA ko prakaTa karane meM unhoMne jainadharma ke jaTila siddhAntoM aura munidharmasambandhI niyamoM ko utanA adhika vyakta nahIM kiyA jitanA ki jJAna-darzana-cAritra ke sAmAnya vivecana ke sAtha ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura parigrahasvarUpa sArvajanika vrato, dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAva, pUjA, svAdhyAya Adi AcaraNIya dharmoM ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| (bhA) vibhinna vargoM ke anuyAyiyoM kI preraNA-tyAgI varga-caityavAsI, vasativAsI, yati, bhaTTAraka-meM kriyAkANDaviSayaka bhedoM ko lekara naye-naye gaNagacchoM kA prAdurbhAva huaa| unake nAyakoM ne apane-apane gaNa kI pratiSThA ke lie aura anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hAne kI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna kSetroM kA vizeSa rUpa se bhramaNa karanA zurU kiyaa| una logoM ne apane ucca-cAritrya, pANDitya tathA jyotiSa, taMtra-maMtrAdi se tathA anya camatkAroM se rAjavarga aura dhanika varga ko apanI ora AkarSita karanA prArambha kiyA tathA vibhinna sthaloM para caitya, upAzraya Adi dharmAyatanoM kI sthApanA karane lage aura apane bar3hate hue ziSyasamudAya kI preraNA se apane AzrayadAtAoM ke anurodha se vrata, parva, tIrthAdi mAhAtmya tathA viziSTa puruSoM kA caritra varNana karane ke lie kathAtmaka graMthoM kI racanA kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyaa| isa yuga ke aneka jaina kaviyoM ko yA to rAjyAzraya prApta thA yA ve maThAdhIza the| rASTrakUTa amoghavarSa aura usake uttarA

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maanaadhik dhikAriyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM jinasena aura guNabhadra ne mahApurANa, uttarapurANa kI, kumArapAla ke guru hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kI tathA vastupAla ke Azraya para pazcAtkAlIna kaI AcAryoM ne aneka prakAra se kAvya-sAhitya kI sevA kii| anekoM kAvyagranthoM meM vibhinna srotoM se prApta preraNAoM kA sAbhAra ullekha bhI milatA hai| (i) gacchIya spardhA-yadyapi tyAgI varga ko rAjyAzraya aura dhanika varga kA Azraya prApta thA tathApi unheM dhana kI icchA nahIM thI / unase prApta suvidhA kA upayoga ve apanI gacchIya pratiSThA aura sAhitya-nirmANa meM karate the| kAla kI dRSTi se pA~cavIM se dasavIM zatAbdI taka kAvyagranthoM kA nirmANa utanI tIvra gati aura pracura mAtrA se nahIM huA jitanI ki gyArahavIM se caudahavIM zatAbdI taka / dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva yadi kaI vizAla evaM pratinidhi racanAe~ likhI gaI thIM, to dasavIM zatAbdI ke bAda tIna sau varSoM meM yaha saMkhyA baDhakara saikar3oM kI tAdAda taka pahu~ca gaI / jaina vidvAnoM meM mAno usa samaya kathA-sAhitya' kI racanA karane meM paraspara bar3I spardhA ho rahI thii| amuka gacchavAle amuka vidvAn ne amuka nAma kA kathAgraMtha banAyA hai, yaha jAnakara yA par3hakara dUsare gacchavAle vidvAn bhI isa prakAra ke dUsare kathAgrantha banAne meM utsuka hote the| isa rIti se candragaccha, nAgendragaccha, rAjagaccha, caitragaccha, pUrNatalagaccha, vRddhagaccha, dharmaghoSagaccha, harSapurIyagaccha Adi vibhinna gaccha, joki ina zatAbdiyoM meM vizeSa prasiddhi pAye the aura prabhAvazAlI bane the, ina pratyeka gaccha ke viziSTa vidvAnoM ne isa prakAra ke kathAgranthoM kI racanA karane ke lie sabala prayatna kiye| isa yuga meM eka hI pIdI ke vibhinna gacchIya do-do, tIna-tIna vidvAnoM ne tirasaTha zalAkA mahApuruSoM ke caritroM tathA vrata, maMtra, parva, tIrthamAhAtmya prasaMgoM ko lekara eka hI nAma kI do-do, tIna-tIna racanAe~ likhI / lokakathA, nItikathA, parIkathA tathA pazu-pakSI Adi hajAroM kathAoM ko lekara inhoMne vizAlakAya kathAkoSa graMtha bhI likhe| (I) aitihAsika aura samasAmayika prabhAvaka puruSoM ke mAdarza jIvanayadyapi jaina kavi dhanAdi bhautika kAmanAoM se pare the phira bhI kathAtmaka sAhitya ke atirikta jaina vidvAnoM ne yuga kI pariNati ke anukUla aitihAsika aura ardhaaitihAsika kRtiyoM kI racanA kii| ina kRtiyoM meM prAyaH aise hI rAjavaMza yA 1. prAkRta meM kathA aura kAvya prAyaH eka artha meM prayukta hue haiN| 2

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa prabhAvaka vyakti kI prazaMsA yA itivRtta likhA gayA jinhoMne jainadharma kI prabhAvanA ke lie apanA tana, mana aura dhana lagA diyA thaa| siddharAja jayasiMha, paramAIta kumArapAla, mahAmAtya vastupAla, jagaDUzAha aura pethaDazAha Adi udAramanA dharmaparAyaNa vyakti the jo kisI bhI deza, samAja, jAti ke lie pratiSThA kI vastu the| jaina-sAdhuoM ne unake jainadharmAnukUla jIvana se prabhAvita hokara unheM apane kAvyoM kA nAyaka banAyA aura unakI prazastiyA~ likhii| AcArya hema. candra ne kumArapAla ke vaMza kI kIrti-gAthA meM 'dvayAzrayakAvya' kA praNayana kiyA, bAlacandrasUri ne vastupAla ke jIvana para 'vasantavilAsa' evaM udayaprabhasUri ne 'dharmAbhyudaya' kAvya kI racanA kii| isI taraha prabhAvaka AcAryoM aura puruSoM ke nAma laghu nibandhoM ke rUpa meM prabandhasaMgraha, prabandhacintAmaNi, prabhAvakacarita Adi likhane kI preraNA milii| ye kRtiyA~ nikaTa atIta yA samasAmayika aitihAsika puruSoM ke jIvana para AdhArita hone se tatkAlIna itihAsa jAnane ke lie bar3I hI upayogI haiN| (u) anya mahAkaviyoM kI zailI Adi kA anukaraNa-saMskRta sAhitya kI katipaya khyAtiprApta kAvya-kRtiyoM se preraNA pAkara bhI jaina kaviyoM ne unake anukaraNa para yA usa zailI meM aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kii| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki bANa kI kAdambarI kI zailI para dhanapAla ne 'tilakamaMjarI' aura oDayadeva vAdIbhasiMha ne 'gadya cintAmaNi' aura 'kirAtArjunIya' aura 'zizupAlavadha' kI zailI para haricandra ne 'dharmazarmAmyudaya' aura munibhadrasUri ne 'zAntinAthacaritra' aura vastupAla ne 'naranArAyaNAnanda' tathA jinapAla upAdhyAya ne 'sanatkumAracarita' jaise praur3ha kAvyoM kI racanA kii| ina rItibaddha zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM kI racanA ke pIche kAlidAsa, bhAravi, bANa Adi mahAkaviyoM kI samakakSatA prApta karane yA vaisA yaza prApta karane tathA vidvattA-pradarzana kI bhAvanA jhalakatI-sI lagatI hai| (U) dhArmika udAratA, niSpakSatA evaM sahiSNutA-sAhitya-sevA ke kSetra meM jainAcAryoM kI nIti niSpakSa tathA dhArmika udAratA se prerita thii| unhoMne aneka kRtiyA~ ina bhAvanAoM se prerita hokara bhI likhI aura par3hIM aura unakA saMrakSaNa kiyA hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki amaracandrasUri ne vAyaDanivAsI brAhmaNoM kI prArthanA para 'bAlabhArata' kI tathA nayacandrasUri ne 'hammIramahAkAvya' kI racanA kii| mANikyacandra ne kAvyaprakAza para saMketa TIkA likhI tathA aneka jainetara mahAkAvyoM para jaina vidvAnoM ne prAmANika TIkAe~ likhI,

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prAstAvika tathA aneka jainetara kathAgranthoM - paMcataMtra, vetAlapaMcaviMzatikA, vikramacarita, paMcadaNDachatra prabandha Adi kA praNayana kiyaa| itanA hI nahIM, unakI udAra sAhitya sevA se prabhAvita ho anya dharma aura sampradAya ke loga unase abhilekha sAhitya kA nirmANa karAkara apane sthAnoM meM upayoga karate the / udAharaNArtha cittaur3a ke mokalajI mandira ke lie digambarAcArya rAmakIrti ( vi0 saM0 1207 ) se prazasti likhAyI gaI thI / isI taraha rAjasthAna kI sundha pahAr3I ke cAmuNDA devI ke mandira ke lie bRhadgacchIya jayamaMgalasUri se aura gvAliyara ke kacchavAhoM ke mandira ke lie yazodeva digambara se aura guhilota vaMza ke ghAghasA aura cirvA sthAnoM ke lie ratnaprabhasUri se zilAlekha likhAye gaye the / ' A isa taraha hama isa Alocya yuga meM ( pA~cavIM se aba taka ) jaina kAvya sAhitya ke nirmANa meM aneka prakAra kI preraNAe~ dekhate haiM unameM se kucha pramukha haiM-- ( a ) dharmopadeza aura dhArmika bhAvanA, ( A ) gacchIya anuyAyiyoM kA anurodha, 19 (i) gacchIya spardhA, (I ) aitihAsika aura samasAmayika prabhAvaka puruSoM ke Adarza jIvana kA citraNa karane kI preraNA, ( u ) jainetara mahAkaviyoM aura kAvyoM kI samakakSatA yA zailI ke anukaraNa kI bhAvanA, (U) dhArmika udAratA, niSpakSatA evaM sahiSNutA / bhAratIya kAvya - sAhitya aura jaina kAvya - sAhitya : sAhitya - 'sAhitya' zabda sahita se banA hai / sAhitya meM sAmUhikatA kA bhAva hai| isameM zabda aura artha ke sahabhAva dvArA isa loka, para loka, mitra, zatru sajjana, durjana sabhI ke samAna hita kA pratipAdana hotA hai / sAhitya zabda kA prayoga vyApaka aura saMkucita donoM arthoM meM hotA hai / kucha upAdhiyoM ke sAtha vaha vyApaka artha meM prayukta hotA hai, jaise bhAratIya di0 jai0 pra0 ), 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga kI prastAvanA ( mA0 bambaI, 1957.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sAhitya, brAhmaNa-jaina-bauddha sAhitya, saMskRta sAhitya, prAkRta sAhitya Adi / isa vyApaka artha meM bhI upAdhiyoM ke dvArA sAhitya ke artha kA uttarottara saMkoca kiyA gayA hai| para sAhityakAra, sAhityAcArya Adi zabdoM meM sAhitya kA prayoga ati saMkucita aura eka viziSTa dizA kI ora huA hai| yahA~ sAhitya lekhaka ke vyaktitva kA prakAzana karatA hai| sAhitya kevala siddhAnta, darzana, tarka Adi jJAnAtmaka aura gaNita, jyotiSa, Ayurveda Adi vijJAnAtmaka hI nahIM apitu saMvegAtmaka, rAgAtmaka aura kalpanAtmaka bhI hotA hai| sAhityakAra yA sAhityAcArya kI dRSTi se sAhitya una granthoM meM nahIM hai jo sthAyI bauddhika ruci ke tathyoM aura satyoM se vyApta haiM apitu unameM hai jo svayaM hI sthAyI ruci ke haiN| isa prakAra ke sAhitya meM tIna tattva pramukha rUpa se dikhAI par3ate haiM : 1. jIvana aura jagat kI prakhara anubhUti, 2. sAhityakAra kA saMvegasaMvalita vyaktitva aura 3. lalita-preraka zAbdika abhivyakti / dUsare zabdoM meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana aura jagat ke prakhara anubhavoM kI saMvegasaMvalita zAbdika abhivyakti sAhitya hai| ___ aMgrejI meM 'liTarecara' aura urdU meM 'adaba' zabda sAhitya ke artha ko dyotita karate haiN| aMgrejI kA liTarecara to Letters se banA hai| tadanusAra samasta akSara jJAna kA vistAra hI sAhitya hai| para usake vyApaka artha ko saMkucita karate hue briTenikA vizvakoSa meM Literature kA artha 'The best expression of the best thoughts reduced to writing' svIkAra kara utkRSTa vicAra, utkRSTa abhivyakti-saMyata lekhana meM sAhitya mAnA gayA hai| urdU meM komalatA, kalA, ziSTatA aura adA ko adhika mahattva milA hai ataH 'adaba' zabda sAhitya ke lie prayukta huA hai| kAvya-saMskRta sAhitya zAstra meM uparyukta sAhitya kA paryAyavAcI zabda kAvya hai kyoMki sudIrghakAla taka sAhitya sRjana kavitA meM hI hotA rahA hai / AcArya bhAmaha ne (6ThI za0) 'zabdArthoM sahitau kAvyam" kahakara zabda aura artha ke sAhitya ( sammelana ) ko kAvya mAnA hai aura bAda meM isako paribhASA karate hue paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne kahA hai-'ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaH zabdaH kaavym'| isa paribhASA meM ramaNIya artha aura zabda ina donoM ke dvArA kAvya 1. kAvyAlaMkAra. 2. rasagaMgAdhara.

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24 prAstAvika meM rasa, alaMkAra aura dhvani kA samanvaya nihita hai| paMDitarAja jagannAtha se bahuta pahale jainAcArya jinasena ne kAvya zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue usakI paribhASA isa prakAra batalAyI hai kaverbhAvo'thavA karma kAvyaM tajjJairnirucyate / tatpratotArthamagrAmyaM sAlaGkAramanAkulam / / kavi ke bhAva athavA karma ko kAvya kahate haiN| kavi kA kAvya sarvasammata artha se sahita, grAmyadoSa se rahita, alaMkAra se yukta aura prasAda Adi guNoM se zobhita hotA hai arthAt zabda aura artha kA vaha samucita rUpa jo doSarahita tathA guNa aura alaMkArasahita (ramaNIya) ho, kAvya hai| jinasena ne artha aura zabda donoM ke saundarya ko kAvya ke lie grAhya batAte hue una logoM kI AlocanA kI hai jo kisI eka ke saundarya ko upAdeya mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki alaMkAra sahita, zRMgArAdi rasa se yukta, saundarya se otaprota aura ucchiSTatArahita maulika kAvya sarasvatI ke mukha ke samAna zobhAyamAna hotA hai / jisameM rIti kI ramaNIyatA nahIM, na padoM kA lAlitya aura na rasa kA hI pravAha, vaha anagar3ha kAvya hai, vaha to karNakaTu grAmINa bhASA ke samAna hai| ___ jinasena pratipAdita ukta paribhASA ko dekhane para jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya ne kAvya meM bahiraMga tattva-rIti, padalAlitya (guNa aura zabdAlaMkAra) tathA antaraMga tattva-rasa, bhAva, arthAlaMkAra, evaM maulikatA kA honA Avazyaka mAnA hai| parantu kAvya kI paridhi ko bar3hate hue dekhakara kAvya-zAstriyoM ne usakI paribhASA meM Avazyaka saMzodhana kiyaa| AcArya mammaTa ne apane kAvyaprakAza (san 1100 ke lagabhaga) meM kAvya meM alaMkAra ke abhAva meM bhI kAvyatva surakSita mAnA hai| usane doSarahita, guNavAlI, alaMkArayukta tathA kabhI-kabhI alaMkArarahita zabdArthamayI racanA ko kAvya kahA hai| isI taraha apane yuga kI racanAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara AcArya hemacandra ne kAvya kI paribhASA 'adoSau saguNau sAlaMkArau ca zabdArthoM kAvyam' mAnate hue bhI isa 1. bhAdipurANa, 1. 94. 2. vahI, 1. 95.96. 3. vadadoSau zabdArthoM saguNAvanalaMkRtI punaH kApi /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sUtra kI vRtti meM 'cakAro niralaMkArayorapi zabdArthayoH kvacit kAvyatvakhyApanArthaH likhA hai aura dUsare jaina sAhityazAstrI vAgbhaTa ( 12vIM za0) ne bhI 'zabdArthoM, nirdoSau saguNau prAyaH sAlaMkArau kAvyam' kahakara isa sUtra kI vRtti meM 'prAyaH sAlaMkArAviti niralaMkArayorapi zabdArthayoH kvacitkAvyatvakhyApanArtham" dvArA niralaMkAra zabdArtha ko bhI kAvya mAnA hai| pIche 15vIM zatAbdI ke kavi nayacandrasUri ne apane hammIramahAkAvya (vi. saM. 1450 ke lagabhaga) meM apazabda zabda ( vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se sadoSa) ke prayoga ko bhI kAvya meM sthAna dete hue kahA hai-'prAyo'pazabdena na kAvyahAniH samarthatA'rthe rasa'saMkramazcet3 arthAt yadi kisI kRti meM rasamagna karane kI kSamatA hai to phira usameM yadi kucha apazabda (sadoSa zabda) bhI hoM to unase kAvyatva kI hAni nahIM hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki kAvya kI paribhASA yuga kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra badalatI rahI hai aura vizAla evaM bahuvidha kAvya rAzi ko dekhate hue unake kAvyatva ko jA~cane ke lie eka mApadaNDa sthApita karanA kaThina hai| sacamuca meM 'niraMkuzAH kavayaH' yaha lokokti kaviyoM ke lie caritArtha hai| kAvya ke prakAra-sAdhAraNataH kAvya ke tIna bheda hote haiM-uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya / uttama vyaMjanApradhAna, madhyama lakSaNApradhAna aura adhama abhidhApradhAna kAvya hote haiN| kAvya vidhA kI dRSTi se kAvya ke do prakAra haiM : 1. prekSyakAvya aura 2. zravya-kAvya / jo raMgamaMca para abhinaya karane ke lie race gaye hoM ve prekSya-kAvya haiN| unakA abhinaya AkhoM dvArA dekhA jAtA hai| jo kAvya kAnoM dvArA sune jAya~ unheM zravya-kAvya kahA jAtA haiN| prAcIna samaya meM kAvya adhikatara sune jAte the, unakA pracAra gAna dvArA hotA thaa| par3hane ke rUpa meM pustake kama upalabdha hotI thiiN| AcArya hemacandra ne prekSya-kAvya ke do bheda kiye haiM-1. pAThya aura 2. geya / pAThya ke antargata unhoMne nATaka, prakaraNa, nATikA, samavakAra, vyAyoga, prahasana, saTTaka Adi mAnA hai aura geya ke antargata rAsaka, zrIgadita, rAgakAvyAdi mAne haiN| zravya-kAvya ke tIna prakAra mAne gaye haiM : 1. gadya, 2. padya aura 3. mizra / gadya kA artha hai jo bolacAla yogya ho| phira bhI 1. kAvyAnuzAsana. 2. vahI. 3. sarga 14. 38.

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prAstAvika 23 kAvya ke rUpa meM chandoyojanA se rahita tathA kAvya ke Avazyaka guNoM se saMyukta racanA ko gadya kAvya kahA jAtA hai| gadya kAvya ko AkhyAyikA aura kathA ina do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| AkhyAyikA vaha hai jisameM koI dhIrodAtta nAyaka apane jIvana vRttAnta ko aneka romAMcaka tatvoM ke sAtha apane hI mukha se apane mitrAdi ko btaaye| saMskRta ke harSacarita jaise grantha AkhyAyikA ke antagata mAne gaye haiN| kathA use kahate haiM jisameM kavi svayaM nAyaka ke jIvana vRttAnta kA varNana gadya meM kre| isa varga meM dazakumAracaritra, kAdambarI Adi Ate haiM / padya kAvya chandobaddha racanA ko kahate haiN| padya kAvya ke do bheda hote haiM: 1. prabandha kAvya aura 2. muktaka kAvya / prabandha kAvya meM eka kathA hotI hai aura usake sabhI padya eka dUsare se sambaddha hote haiN| prabandha kAvya meM varNana, prAkkathana, pArasparika sambaMdha aura sAmUhika prabhAva kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| jinasena ke anusAra 'pUrvAparArthaghaTanaiH prabaMdhaH' arthAt pUrvApara sambandha nirvAhapUrvaka kathAtmaka racanA prabandha kAvya hai| muktaka kAvya ke padya svataH pUrNa hote haiN| usameM prAyaH pratyeka padya kI svataMtra sattA rahatI hai| sphuTa kavitAe~ isa vidhA ke antargata AtI haiN| subhASitoM aura stotroM ke rUpa meM yaha vidhA abhipreta hai| prabaMdha kAvya do rUpoM meM pAyA jAtA hai : 1. mahAkAvya aura 2. kathAkAvya / mahAkAvya meM jIvana kA sarvAMgINa citraNa hotA hai aura vaha sabaddharacanA hai aura usakA AkAra bhI bRhat hotA hai| jinasena ke anusAra mahAkAvya vaha hai jo itihAsa aura purANa pratipAdita carita kA rasAtmaka citraNa karatA ho tathA dharma, artha aura kAma ke phala ko pradarzita karatA ho / kathAkAvya vaha hai jisameM rasAtmaka evaM alaMkAra zailI meM romAJcaka tattvoM ke samAveza ke sAtha kathAvarNana ho / yaha chandobaddha racanA hone se AkhyAyikA aura gadya kathA se bhinna hai para tattvoM kI dRSTi se eka hai / hemacandra ne kathAkAvya ke AkhyAna, manthalikA, pari. kathA, upakathA, sakalakathA, khaNDakathA Adi aneka bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| inameM se do pramukha haiM : 1. sakalakathA aura 2. khnnddkyaa| sakalakathA kAvya meM mahAkAvya kI taraha jIvana ke pUrNa bhAga kA citraNa hotA hai| isakA kathAnaka vistRta hotA hai aura isameM avAntara-kathAoM kI yojanA bhI hotI hai parantu mahAkAnyIya bandhanoM (sargabaddhatA, chandaprayoga, bhASA kI gurutA Adi) ke abhAva meM sakalakathAkAvya, mahAkAvya se bhinna vidhA hai| jainoM ke adhikAMza .. mAdipurANa, 1.100. 2. vahI, 1.99.

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24 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa caritakAvya isI vidhA ke antargata Ate haiN| jaise-samarAdityacarita (pradyumnasUrikRta), nirvANalIlAvatI (jinezvarasUrikRta ) Adi / ' khaNDakayA kAvya meM jIvana ke eka pakSa kA citraNa hotA hai, athavA eka hI ghaTanA ko mahattA dI jAtI hai| avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA bhI prAyaH usameM nahIM hotii| ise khaNDakAvya nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai / kAlidAsa kA meghadUta aura jaina vidvAnoM kRta isa vidhA ke aneka kAvya isake antargata Ate haiN| muktaka kAvya pAThya aura geya bheda se do prakAra kA hai| bhartRhari ke nItizataka Adi pAThyamuktaka ke aura jayadeva kA gItagovinda geyamuktaka ke udAharaNa haiN| padyoM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra bhI muktaka ke aneka bheda haiM jaise eka padya kI sphuTa kavitA muktaka, do padyavAlI yugma yA sandAnitaka, tIna padyavAlI vizeSaka, pA~ca padyavAlI kalApaka, pA~ca se bAraha yA caudaha taka kulaka, zata padyavAlI zataka Adi / mahAkAvyoM ke prakAra-pAzcAtya samIkSAzAstriyoM ne mahAkAvya ke do rUpa svIkAra kie haiM : 1. saMkalanAtmaka mahAkAvya ( Epic of growth ) aura 2. alaMkRta mahAkAvya / saMkalanAtmaka ve vikasanazIla mahAkAvya haiM jinheM aneka vidvAnoM ne samaya-samaya para sajAyA, samhAlA, parivardhita kiyA hai aura yugoM ke bAda unakA vartamAna rUpa prApta huA hai| ve prAcIna kucha gAthAoM ke AdhAra se pallavita hue haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke nAma Ate haiN| alaMkRta mahAkAvya kI racanA vyakti vizeSa dvArA kI jAtI hai| isameM kavi kalApakSa aura bhASA-zailI kI sundaratA para vizeSa dhyAna rakhatA hai| alaMkRta mahAkAvyoM kA prAdurbhAva rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke pazcAt hI huA hai / inameM una donoM kI svAbhAvikatA nahIM pAI jaatii| inameM kalAtmakatA, kRtrimatA kI ora vizeSa jhukAva hai / alaMkRta mahAkAvyoM ke kathAnakoM aura zailI para rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kA prabhAva bhI prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai isalie unheM anukRta mahAkAvya bhI kahate haiN| jaina kAvya sAhitya meM vikasanazIla mahAkAvya nahIM hai| alaMkRta yA anukRta kAvyoM kA hI bAhulya hai / alaMkRta mahAkAvyoM ko zailI kI dRSTi se tIna bhedoM meM 1. jainoM ke vizAla kathAkAvyoM ( kathAsAhitya ) kA vivecana mahAkAvyoM ke varNana ke bAda diyA jA rahA hai|

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prAstAvika vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. zAstrIya mahAkAvya, 2. aitihAsika mahAkAvya, 3. paurANika mahAkAvya / kucha aise anya mahAkAvya haiM jinameM milIjulI zailiyoM ke bhI darzana hote haiN| eka ora zAstrIya zailI to dUsarI ora aitihA sika zailI, jaise hemacandrAcArya kA kumArapAlacarita / isI taraha eka ora paurANika to dUsarI ora aitihAsika, jaise udayaprabhasUri kA dharmAbhyudayakAvya / kucha vidvAn katipaya paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM prema tatva aura laukika AkhyAnoM kI pracuratA ke kAraNa unheM romAMcaka mahAkAvya kahate haiM para yathArtha meM dekhA jAya to bhAratIya kaviyoM ne una kathAoM ko bhI jo kadAcit laukika premakahAnI hai, acchI taraha paurANika rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai ataH ve paurANika mahAkAvya hI haiN| 1. zAstrIya mahAkAvya- - ye tIna rUpoM meM pAye jAte haiM / prathama to ve jo bhAmaha, daNDI Adi alaMkAravidoM dvArA nirUpita lakSaNagranthoM ke pUrva race gaye the / unameM lakSaNazAstriyoM dvArA pratipAdita mahAkAvya sambaMdhI sabhI rUr3hiyoM aura niyamoM kA andhAnukaraNa nahIM kiyA gyaa| isameM kavi dvArA apanI pratibhA kA svAbhAvika upayoga huA hai jisase svAbhAvikatA ke sAtha kalAtmakatA ko bhI sthAna milA hai / inheM kAvyazAstra kI rItiyoM se ba~dhA na hone ke kAraNa rItimukta mahAkAvya kahate haiM / isa prakAra ke mahAkAvyoM meM azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita aura saundarananda, kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza aura kumArasaMbhava ullekhanIya haiM / 25 dUsare prakAra ke rItibaddha mahAkAvya haiM jo kAvyazAstriyoM dvArA praNIta rItiyoM se baddha haiM / inameM kRtrimatA, duruhatA aura pANDitya pradarzana kI pracuratA rahatI hai / aise kAvyoM meM kathAvastu kI upekSA aura alaMkAra, vAkcAturya, pANDityapradarzana evaM kalpanAoM kI bharamAra rahatI hai / bhAravikRta kirAtArjunIyam, mAghakRta zizupAlavadha vastupAlakRta naranArAyaNAnanda Adi isa zreNI ke mahAkAvya haiM / tIsare prakAra ke zAstrIya kAvyoM ko hama zAstrakAvya aura bahvarthaka kAvya ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM / zAstrakAvya meM kAvya ke sAtha-sAtha vyAkaraNa zAstra ke niyamoM kA pradarzana hone se ukta nAma se kahate haiM, jaise bhaTTikAvya, hemacandra kA dvayAzrayakAvya Adi / bahnarthaka mahAkAvyoM meM do yA do se adhika kathAnakoM ko vividha alaMkAroM dvArA aisA bunA jAtA hai ki par3hanevAloM ko camatkAra-sA lagatA hai| aise kAvyoM meM dhanaMjaya kA dvisaMdhAna aura hemacandra tathA metravijaya ke saptasaMdhAna prabhRti aneka kAvya haiM /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa G 2. aitihAsika mahAkAvya - roma, yUnAna, cIna jaisI itihAsa lekhana kI paramparA bhAratIya itihAsa meM yadyapi nahIM dekhI jAtI para bhAratIya kavi usa zailI se ekadama aparicita hoM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / itihAsa ko rakhane kI vividha zailiyoM - abhilekha, grantha-prazastiyA~, pratimAlekha, paTTAvaliyA~, tIrthamAlAe~ Adi ke darzana hameM bhAratIya sAhitya meM pracurarUpeNa hote haiM / aitihAsika mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM gauDavaho, bhuvanAbhyudaya, navasahasAGkAcarita, vikramAGkadevacarita, rAjataraMgiNI, dvayAzrayakAvya, sukRtasaMkIrtana Adi bhI upalabdha haiM / ina aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM ko kAvyakAroM ne aneka paurANika, kAlpanika evaM anaitihAsika ghaTanAoM se raMga diyA hai, ataH unheM vizuddha aitihAsika mahAkAvya nahIM kaha sakate / 3. paurANika mahAkAvya - paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke Adi udAharaNa rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata haiM / rAmAyaNa kI racanA kI uttarAvadhi dUsarI zatAbdI IsvI aura mahAbhArata ke antima rUpa dhAraNa karane kI uttarAvadhi pA~cavIM zatAbdI IsvI mAnI jAtI hai / unake bAda hI 6ThI zatAbdI meM vimalasUri kI prAkRta kRti paumacariu, 7vIM zatAbdI meM raviSeNa kA saMskRta padmapurANa tathA bAda kI zatAbdiyoM meM saikar3oM racanAe~ isa zailI meM likhI gaI haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne madhyakAla meM saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM aneka paurANika mahAkAvya nirmita kiye haiM / ina bhASAoM ke mahAkAvyoM ne apane samakAlIna anya bhASAoM ke mahAkAvyoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| apabhraMza ke premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM meM jo romAMcaka tattva prApta hote haiM unakA samAveza bhI ina paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM yatratatra huA hai 26 jaina mahAkAvyoM kA anya sAhitya meM sthAna : vizva - sAhitya kI zreNI meM jaina mahAkAvyoM kI sthiti jAnane ke lie tathA bhAratIya mahAkAvyoM kI pramukha pravRttiyoM kI samakoTi meM unakI dena ko avagata karane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki pAzcAtya aura bhAratIya mahAkAvyoM kI pramukha pravRttiyoM para eka dRSTipAta kara leM / pAzcAtya sAhitya meM mahAkAvya ko 'epika' kahA jAtA hai / prAcIna aura arvAcIna kAvyamanISiyoM ne arthAt arastU, kemsa, hAbsa, viliyama roja bainiTa, vAlTeyara, ema0 Diksana, ebarakrombI, TilayArDa, sI0 ema0 bAbarA, DablyU 0 pI0 kera prabhRti vidvAnoM ne mahAkAvya kI jo vyAkhyAe~ aura paribhASAe~ nirdhArita kI haiM unase nimnAMkita pramukha tattvoM kI jAnakArI hotI hai

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prAstAvika 1. mahAkAvya kA uddezya mahAn hotA hai, vaha AdhyAtmika tathA bhautika donoM kSetroM ko sparza karatA hai / usakA uddezya kathAnaka ke denA, Ananda pradAna karanA aura navIna mAnava satyoM kA mAnava samAja kA nirmANa karanA hai / 2. isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie prakhyAta, vizAla evaM mahattvapUrNa kathA - naka cunanA cAhiye jo ki paramparA prApta kathAoM yA aitihAsika ghaTanAoM para AdhArita ho / 27 3. ukta uddezyoM kA pratinidhitva aise nAyaka dvArA hotA hai jise mahApuruSa, zUravIra aura vijayI honA cahiye / isake lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki vaha mAnava hI ho, devatA Adi alaukika vyakti bhI nAyaka ho sakate haiM / mAdhyama se zikSA udghATana kara navIna 4. mahAkAvya meM jIvana ke vividha aura samagra rUpa kA citraNa honA cAhiye / isa uddezya ke lie mahAkAvya meM gauNapAtroM kI avatAraNA, vividha ghaTanAoM kI sRSTi, avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA Adi aneka tattvoM ke sammizraNa se saMghaTita kathAnaka kA nirmANa karanA cAhiye / 5. mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kI pUrva aura apara ghaTanAoM ko eka dUsare se sambaddha honA cAhiye / kathAnaka ko anvitipUrNa, gatizIla aura susaMgaThita honA cAhiye / 6. mahAkAvya meM atiprAkRta aura alaukika tattvoM kA samAveza honA. sambhava hai / IliyaDa, auDisI, pairADAija lAsTa jaise mahAkAvyoM meM bhUta, prata, devatA Adi atiprAkRta pAtroM aura unake alaukika kAryoM kA samAveza huA hai / --- 7. mahAkAvya kI zailI udAtta, gambhIra aura manohArI honI cAhiye / 8. mahAkAvya ko chandobaddha racanA honA cAhiye / chanda kA prayoga varNya. viSaya ke anukUla honA cAhiye tathA Adi se anta taka eka hI chanda kA prayoga honA cAhiye / bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM ke anusAra mahAkAvya meM nimnalikhita tattva hone cAhiye 1. use sarga, AzvAsa yA lambhakoM se baddha honA cAhiye / sargoM ko na adhika vistRta aura na adhika laghu honA cAhiye / mahAkAvya meM kama-se-kama AThasarga hone cAhiye /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 2. mahAkAvya kA uddezya dharma, artha aura kAma ke phala ko pradarzita karanA hai| isalie isakA kathAnaka vizAla honA cAhiye aura kisI mahatI ghaTanA para Azrita honA caahiye| 3. mahAkAvya meM itihAsa evaM purANa se sambaddha athavA paramparA kI dRSTi . se prakhyAta mahApuruSoM kA caritracitraNa honA caahiye| kathAnaka anutpAdya ( itihAsa-purANAzrita) tathA utpAdya ( kavikalpanAjanya ) rIti se do prakAra kA hotA hai / anutpAdya kA kevala kathApaMjara lekara kavi apanI kalpanA se mahAkAvya ko sugaThita karatA hai| 4. kathAnaka kA vistAra saMgaThita aura vyavasthita rUpa se karane ke lie pA~ca nATyasaMdhiyoM kI yojanA karanI cAhiye / / 5. jIvana ke vyApaka aura gambhIra anubhavoM kA citraNa karane ke lie mahAkAvya meM avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA karanI Avazyaka hai| 6. nAyaka ke atirikta pratinAyaka aura gauNapAtroM kI avatAraNA bhI mahAkAvya meM honI caahiye| 7. mahAkAvya meM atiprAkRta aura alaukika tattvoM kA honA Avazyaka hai| alaukika kArya devatA, rAkSasa, yakSa, vyantara Adi dvArA hI nahIM balki manuSyoM aura muniyoM dvArA bhI dikhAnA Avazyaka hai| 8. mahAkAvya meM kavisampradAya-sammata rAtri, prAtaHkAla, madhyAhna, saMdhyA, SaTaRtu, parvata, vana, udyAna-krIr3A, jala-krIr3A tathA anya bAtoM kA varNana honA caahiye| 9. kAvya ke Arambha meM maMgalAcaraNa, vastu-nirdeza, sajana-prazaMsA aura durjana-nindA honA Avazyaka hai| kAvya ke anta meM hemacandrAcArya ke mata se kavi ko apanA uddezya prakaTa karanA cAhiye / 10. mahAkAvya ke mUla tatva ke rUpa meM rasa kA sthAna pramukha hai| sabhI AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya meM navarasoM kA vidhAna anivArya mAnA hai| vizvanAtha ne rasa kA kSetra sImita karate hue kahA hai ki zRGgAra, vIra aura zAnta meM se koI eka rasa pradhAna tathA anya rasa gauNa honA cAhiye / 1. mahApurANasambandhimahAnAyakagocaram / nivargaphalasandarbha mahAkAvyaM tadipyate // AdipurANa, 1. 99.

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prAstAvika 11. mahAkAvya ke anivArya tattvoM meM alaMkAra kI gaNanA meM sabhI AcArya ekamata nahIM haiN| 12. mahAkAvya ko chandobaddha honA Avazyaka hai| kucha AcAryoM ke mata se sarga ke anta meM bhinna chandoM kA prayoga karanA cAhiye / 13. mahAkAvya meM udAtta bhASA kA prayoga honA caahiye| use samasta rItiyoM, guNoM aura alaMkAra se yukta honA cAhiye / mahAkavi kA bhASA para asAdhAraNa adhikAra honA caahiye| 14. vizvanAtha ke anusAra mahAkAvya kA nAmakaraNa kavi, kathAvastu athavA caritanAyaka ke nAma para honA caahiye| 15. vAgbhaTa ke anusAra pratyeka saga kA antima padya kavi dvArA abhipreta zrI, lakSmI Adi zabdoM se aMkita rahanA cAhiye / pAzcAtya aura bhAratIya mahAkAvyaviSayaka mAnyatAoM para yadi sarasarI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to jJAta hogA ki unameM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| phira bhI bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM ne mahAkAvya ko kaviparamparA-sammata niyamoM se kasane kI koziza kI hai| ve mAnate haiM ki mahAkAvya meM sunizcita varNya viSayoM kA varNana avazya honA caahiye| mahAkAvya ke Arambha meM maMgalAcaraNa, vastunirdeza, sajana-durjana carcA, kavi dvArA AtmalAghava pradarzana Adi tathA mahAkAvya ke anta meM guruparamparA kI prazasti Adi honA caahiye| mahAkAvya ko sagaMbaddha honA cAhiye aura sargoM kI saMkhyA kama-se-kama ATha honI cAhiye tathA sarga ke antima padya meM kavi dvArA abhipreta zabda kI mudrA lagAnI cAhiye / ___ mahAkAvya ke uparyukta tattvoM ke prakAza meM jaina mahAkAvyoM meM jo samAnatA aura vizeSatA hai use nimna prakAra se dekha sakate haiM 1. jaina mahAkAvya sarga ke atirikta, AzvAsaka, pariccheda, utsAha, kAMDa, parva, lambhaka, prakAza Adi meM vibhakta haiN| 2. prAyaH sabhI mahAkAvyoM kA prArambha maMgalAcaraNa, vastunirdeza, sajanadurjana-carcA, AtmalaghutA, pUrvAcAryoM ke smaraNa se hotA hai aura adhikAMza jainakAvyoM ke anta meM kavi kA paricaya aura usakI guru-paramparA dRSTigata hotI hai| 3. unakA kathAnaka itihAsa, purANa, dantakathA, prAcIna mahAkAvya, samasAmayika ghaTanA yA vyakti para AdhArita hai| unakA kathAnaka vyApaka aura susaMgaThita hai| adhikAMza mahAkAvyoM meM pA~ca nATyasaMdhiyoM kI yojanApUrvaka. kathAnaka kA vistAra kiyA gayA hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 4. karmaphala batAne ke lie prAyaH sabhI jaina mahAkAvyoM meM pUrva bhava kI kathAoM evaM avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| 5. jaina mahAkAvyoM meM kavisamaya-sammata varNya-viSayoM kA varNana arthAt saMdhyA, rAtri, sUryodaya, Rtu, vana, parvata, jala-krIr3A Adi kA varNana kabhI mUlakathA ke sAtha to kabhI avAntara kathAoM ke sAtha diyA gayA hai| amaracandrasUri ne to varNya-viSayoM ke upavarNya viSaya ko batAkara vastuvarNana prasaMga ko bar3hA diyA hai| 6. jaina kAvyoM ne rasa ko mUlatattva ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| adhikAMza jaina kAvyoM meM zAnta rasa kI hI pradhAnatA hai; zRMgAra, vIra Adi ko gauNa rUpa diyA gayA hai| 7. jaina mahAkAvyoM meM AvazyakatAnusAra alaMkAroM kA upayoga huA hai| vAgbhaTa ne alaMkAroM ko mahAkAvya ke pramukha lakSaNoM meM nahIM mAnA hai| 8. jaina mahAkAvyoM meM anekoM kI bhASA-zailI praur3ha hai para adhikAMza paurANika kAvyoM kI bhASA garimApUrNa nahIM hai| unameM prAkRta, apabhraMza, dezI zabdoM ke saMmizraNa dikhate haiN| 9. jaina mahAkAvyoM kA uddezya vizeSakara dharma ke phala ko pradarzita karanA hai phira bhI unameM trivarga dharma, artha aura kAma ke phala kI carcA hai aura antima phala mokSaprApti batAyA hai|

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prakaraNa 2 paurANika mahAkAvya jaina paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI pramukha vizeSatAe~ aura pravRttiyA~ : 1. jaina paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI kathAvastu jainadharma ke zalAkApuruSoMtIrthakara, rAma, kRSNa Adi 63 mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacaritoM ko lekara nibaddha kI gaI hai| inake atirikta anya dhArmika puruSoM ke jIvanacarita bhI varNita hue haiN| kabhI-kabhI kisI vrata. tIrtha, paMca namaskAra Adi ke mAhAtmya ko pradarzita karane ke lie bhI kAvya racanA kI gaI hai| ina kAvyoM ko purANa, carita yA mAhAtmya nAma se bhI kahate haiN| 2. ina jIvanacaritoM kA udgama jaina AgamoM aura bhASyoM tathA prAcIna purANoM meM hai| kathAnaka meM kalpanA dvArA bhI parivartana karane kI ceSTA nahIM kI gaI hai| 3. ye sabhI dhArmika kAvya haiN| kathA ke mAdhyama se dharmopadeza denA inakA uddezya hai| isalie inameM kAvyaraMsa gauNa aura dharmabhAva pradhAna hai| AtmajJAna, saMsAra kI nazvaratA, viSaya-tyAga, vairAgyabhAvanA, zrAvakoM ke AcAra Adi kA pratipAdana tathA naitika jIvana kI unnati ke lie AdarzoM kI yojanA ina kRtiyoM ke mukhya viSaya haiN| 4. karmaphala kI anivAryatA dikhAne ke lie caritanAyakoM evaM anya pAnoM ke pUrvabhavoM kI kathA mUla kathA ke Avazyaka aMga ke rUpa meM kahI gaI hai| 5. aneka kAvyoM meM stotroM kI yojanA kI gaI hai jinameM tIrthaMkaroM yA paurANika puruSoM yA muniyoM kI stuti kI gaI hai| kisI-kisI kAvya meM tIrthasthAnoM aura vratoM kA mAhAtmya bhI varNita hai| 6. kaI kAvyoM meM brAhmaNa, bauddha, cArvAka Adi darzanoM ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana aura jaina darzana kA maNDana hai| 7. kucha kAvya bhAvAtmaka kAma, moha, ahaMkAra, ajJAna, rAgAdi tattvoM ko pratIka yojanA dvArA pAtra rUpa se prastuta karate haiN|

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__ jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 8. adhikAMza kAvyoM meM mUla kathA ke sAtha aneka avAntara kathAe~ dI gaI haiM, jinase kathAnaka meM zithilatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| phira bhI ina avAntara kathAoM meM pracalita lokakathAoM ke pracuramAtrA meM darzana hote haiN| ye avAntara kathAe~ kabhI-kabhI eka tRtIyAMza to kabhI Adhe se bhI adhika bhAga ko ghere rahatI haiN| 9. racanAvinyAsa meM prArambha prAyaH eka-sA dikhAyI par3atA hai-jaise tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti, pUrva kaviyoM aura vidvAnoM kA smaraNa, sajjana-durjana carcA, deza, nagara, rAjA, rAnI kA varNana, tIrthakara yA muni kA nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM AnA, rAjA yo nagaravAsiyoM kA vahA~ jAnA, upadeza sunanA aura saMvAda rUpa meM pUrI kathA kA varNana / 10. zAstrIya mahAkAvyocita varNa viSayoM meM nadI, parvata, sAgara, prAtaH, saMdhyA, rAtri, candrodaya, surApAna, surati, jalakrIr3A, udyAnakrIr3A, vasantAdi Rtu, zArIrika saundarya, janma, vivAha, yuddha aura dIkSA Adi ke vaNana se samagra jIvana kA citra upasthita karanA / 11. ina mahAkAvyoM meM alaukika evaM aprAkRta tattvoM kI pradhAnatA dikhAyI par3atI hai| ye divyaloko, divyapuruSoM aura divyayugoM kI kalpanA se bhare haiM, sAtha hI samaya-samaya para vidyAdhara, yakSa, gandharva, deva, rAkSasa Adi kI upasthiti se pAtroM kI sahAyatA kI gaI hai| unakI upasthiti kA sambandha pUrva bhavoM ke karmoM se jor3akara usa asvAbhAvikatA ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| 12. inameM aneka premAkhyAnaka kAvya haiM jinameM prema, milana, dUtapreSaNa, sainika abhiyAna, nagarAvarodha, yuddha aura vivAha ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| 13. paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM mahAkAvya kI paramparA ke viparIta kahIMkahIM kSatriyakulotpanna dhIrodAtta nRpa ko nAyaka na banAkara madhyama zreNI ke vaNika Adi puruSoM ko aura kahIM strI ko pramukha pAtra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| 14. ye kAvya rasa kI dRSTi se adhikAMza meM zAnta rasa paryavasAyI haiN| yadyapi inameM AvazyakatAnusAra zrRMgAra, vIra, raudra, bhayAnaka rasoM kA varNana hai para pradhAnatA zAnta rasa ko dI gaI hai| jIvana kI aneka upalabdhiyA~ prApta karane ke bAda bhI anta meM kisI muni ke upadeza-zravaNa dvArA jIvana aura saMsAra se virakti dikhAnA, saMkSepa meM yahI sabhI paurANika mahAkAvyoM kA lakSya hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya 33 15. zAstrIya niyamoM ke anusAra 'sargabandho mahAkAvyam' arthAt mahAkAvya ko sargabaddha honA Avazyaka hai / adhikAMza paurANika mahAkAvya sargabaddha haiN| kintu kucha mahAkAvyoM kI kathA kA vibhAjana utsAha, parva, lambhaka Adi nAmoM se huA hai| 16. ye mahAkAvya zikSita aura paNDita varga kI apecA janasAdhAraNa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara likhe gaye haiM / isalie inakI bhASA sarala aura svacchanda hai| 13vIM-14vIM zatAbdI tathA usake Age ke kAvyoM meM muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM tathA dezaja zabdoM ke prayoga se bhASA vyAvahArika evaM bola-cAla jaisI ho gaI hai| 17. ina mahAkAvyoM meM anuSTup chanda kA prayoga adhika huA hai| anya chandoM meM upajAti, mAlinI, vasantatilakA Adi pramukha chandoM kA prayoga adhikatA se huA hai| inameM aneka prakAra ke ardhasama aura viSama varNika chandoM tathA apracalita chandoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai jinameM SaTapadI, kuNDalika, AkhyAnakI, vaitAlIya, vegavatI ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| varNika chandoM meM chandazAstra ke niyama ke anusAra jahA~-jahA~ yati kA vidhAna hai vahA~ antyAnuprAsa ke prayoga dvArA chanda ko navarUpatA pradAna kI gaI hai| kaI mahAkAvyoM meM mAtrika chandoM kA prayoga adhikatA se huA hai| kintu kahIM-kahIM ina chandoM meM antyAnuprAsa ke prayoga se chandoM meM geyatA kA guNa adhika A gayA hai aura laya meM gatizIlatA A gaI hai| yaha antyAnuprAsa pratyeka caraNa ke anta meM hI nahIM apitu caraNa ke madhya meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| pratinidhi racanAe~ aura unapara AdhArita saMkSipta kRtiyA~ : ___ jaina paurANika mahAkAvyoM kA paricaya dene ke krama meM hamArI paddhati yaha hai ki sarva prathama hama una pratinidhi racanAoM kA vivecana kareMge jo uttaravartI paurANika kAvyoM ke AdhAra haiM, srota haiM, upAdAna haiN| pratyeka pratinidhi racanA ke sAtha unake AdhAra para racI saMkSipta kRtiyoM kA bhI vivaraNa diyA jAyagA tAki eka-eka kA citra sAmane AtA jAya / isake bAda alaga-agala tIrthakaroM evaM anya zalAkA puruSoM ke caritoM kA vivaraNa diyA jAyagA aura isI taraha anya prabhAvaka AcAryoM aura puruSoM kA bhii| ___ jaina mahAkAvyoM kI aneka pratinidhi racanAe~ Aja taka anupalabdha haiN| dAkSiNyAMka AcArya udyotana sUri ne apanI 'kuvalayamAlA' kathA kI prastAvanA meM pAdalipta kI taraMgavatI, SaTaparNaka kaviyoM kI racanA gAthAkoza, vimalAMka ke

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa paumacariyam, devagupta ke supuruSacarita, harivarSa ke harivaMzotpatti, sulocanAkathA, rAjarSi prabhaMjana kA yazodharacarita Adi aneka kaviyoM aura racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM se kucha hI mila sakI haiM aura anekoM anupalabdha haiM / isI taraha saMghadAsagaNi kA vasudevahiNDI grantha khaNDita milA hai / bhadrabAhukRta vasudevacarita kA ullekha bhara milatA hai / kavi parameSThikRta 'vAgarthasaMgraha' tathA caturmukha kA 'paumacariu' aura harivaMzapurANa Aja taka anupalabdha hai / jo upalabdha haiM unhIM kA paricaya prastuta kiyA jAyagA / bhAratIya sAhitya meM kucha aise rASTrIya caritra haiM jo sabhI vargoM ko rucikara haiM / rAma aura kRSNa tathA kaurava pANDavoM ke caritra isI prakAra ke haiN| inakI kathAvastu ko lekara rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura harivaMzapurANa kI racanA huI hai / vAlmIki kA rAmAyaNa AdikAvya mAnA jAtA hai| jainoM ke paurANika mahAkAvya bhI inhIM rASTrIya caritroM ko lekara prAraMbha hote haiM / isa krama meM vi0 saM0 530 meM racita vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM prAkRta kA prathama jaina mahAkAvya hai / usake AdhAra para katipaya saMskRta - prAkRta racanAe~ bhI likhI gaI haiM / isI taraha kaurava pANDavoM ke carita ko lekara jinasena ne zaka saM0 705 meM harivaMzapurANa kI racanA kI / usake anukaraNa para bAda kI zatAbdiyoM meM prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta meM kaI racanAe~ banI / rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata viSayaka racanAoM ke bAda kAla kI dRSTi se mahApurANoM kA krama AtA hai jinameM triSaSTizalAkA' puruSoM ke carita varNita haiN| inakA prAraMbha jinasena - guNabhadra ke 'mahApurANa- uttarapurANa ( 9vIM za0 kA uttarArdha) se hotA hai / unake AdhAra para kaI racanAe~ usI 1. inakA ullekha jainAgamoM meM arthAt samavAyAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA, kalpasUtra, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, trilokaprajJapti, Avazyakaniryukti- cUrNi, vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura vasudevahiNDI meM milatA hai / vahA~ inheM 'uttama puruSa' kI saMjJA dI hai| kintu bAda meM 'zalAkA puruSa' saMjJA vizeSa rUr3ha huI / ina zalAkA puruSoM kI saMkhyA jinasena aura hemacandra ne 63 dI hai / samavAyAMga ( sU0 132 ) meM 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 baladeva ko hI 'uttama puruSa' mAna 54 saMkhyA dI hai para unameM 9 pratinArAyaNoM ko jor3a 63 kI saMkhyA banatI hai / bhadrezvara ne apanI kahAvalI meM 9 nAradoM kI saMkhyA jor3akara zalAkA puruSoM kI saMkhyA 72 dI hai| hemacandra ne 'zalAkApuruSa' kA er 'jAtarekhAH' kiyA aura bhadrezvarasUri ne 'samyaktvarUpa zalAkA se yukta' artha kiyA hai / 34

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paurANika mahAkAvya nAma para yA purANasArasaMgraha yA caturviMzatijinendracaritra, triSaSTismRti Adi nAma se bhI bnii| isa viSaya kA prAkRta grantha 'caupannamahApurisacariyaM' aura 'kahAvali' bhI ullekhanIya hai| saMskRta meM viracita hemacandrAcArya kA 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' mahAn Akara grantha hai| usameM hI aneka paurANika mahAkAvyoM kA samAveza hai| usake laghusaMskaraNa rUpa katipaya racanAe~ milI haiN| unakA kramazaH vivecana prastuta kiyA jaaygaa| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA mahApurANoM ke pazcAt alaga-alaga tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanacarita adhika saMkhyA meM pAye jAte haiM jo 10 vI se 18 vI zatAbdI taka likhe gae the| unakA vivecana bhI kramazaH prastuta kiyA jAyagA / rAma-viSayaka paurANika mahAkAvya : paumacariya-prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha yaha kRti jaina purANa sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna kRti hai| isameM jaina mAnyatAnusAra rAmakathA kA varNana hai| yaha grantha 118 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai jinameM kula milAkara 8651 gAthAe~ haiM jinakA mAna 12 hajAra zloka pramANa hai| ___ isameM rAma kA nAma padma diyA gayA hai, vaise rAma nAma bhI grantha meM vyavahRta huA hai| isa grantha ke racane meM granthakAra kA mUla uddezya yaha thA ki vaha pracalita rAma-kathA ke brAhmaNa rUpa ke samAna apane sampradAya ke logoM ke lie jaina rUpa prastuta kre| kitanI hI bAtoM meM isakI kathA vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se bhinna hai / lagatA hai ki vimalasUri ke sammukha rAmakathA sambandhI kucha aisI sAmagrI bhI upasthita thI jo vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM upalabdha nahIM thI yA kucha bhinna thI, jaise rAma kA svecchApUrvaka vanavAsa, svarNamRga kI anupasthiti, sItA kA bhAI bhAmaNDala, rAma aura hanumAna ke aneka vivAha, setubaMdha kA abhAva Adi / isa grantha kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM rAvaNa, kumbhakarNa aura sugrIva, hanumAna Adi rAkSasoM aura vAnaroM ko daityoM aura pazuoM ke rUpa meM citrita nahIM kiyA balki unheM susaMskRta manuSya jAti ke rUpa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| 1. prAkRta anya pariSad, vArANasI, 1962. grantha kA nAma pratyeka sarga ke anta meM 'paumacariyam' diyA huA hai| ise yadAkadA rAghavacarita, rAmadevacarita aura rAmAravindacarita bhI kahA gayA hai / isake atirikta isakI purANa saMjJA bhI dI gaI hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa granthakarttA ne apane pUrva srotoM ko sUcita karate hue kahA hai ki unheM yaha kathAnaka 'pUrva' nAmaka Agama meM kathita evaM nAmAvalinibaddha tathA AcArya paramparAgata rUpa se milA thaa| jina sUtroM ke AdhAra se yaha grantha racA gayA hai, unakA nirdeza grantha ke prathama uddeza meM kiyA gayA hai phira bhI grantha racanA kI preraNA meM jo spaSTIkaraNa diyA gayA hai usase saMketa milatA hai ki lekhaka ke sammukha vAlmIki rAmAyaNa avazya thI aura usI se preraNA pAkara unhoMne apane pUrva sAhitya aura guru paramparA se prApta sUtroM ko pallavita kara yaha grantha likhA / 36 lekhaka ke anusAra isakI kathAvastu sAta adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai -- sthiti, vaMzotpatti, prasthAna, raNa, lavakuzotpatti, nirvANa aura aneka bhava / kathAnaka jaina mAnyatAnusAra sRSTi ke varNana ke sAtha prAraMbha hotA hai aura prathama 24 uddezoM meM RSabhAdi tIrthakaroM ke varNana ke sAtha ikSvAkuvaMza, candravaMza kI utpatti batalAte hue vidyAdharavaMzoM meM rAkSasavaMza aura vAnaravaMzoM kA paricaya karAyA gayA hai / rAma ke janma se unake laMkA se lauTa kara rAjyAbhiSeka taka arthAt rAmAyaNa kA mukhya bhAga 25 se 85 taka ke 61 uddezyoM yA parvoM meM diyA gayA hai / grantha ke zeSa bhAga meM sItA - nirvAsana, lavAMgakuza utpatti, dezavijaya va samAgama, pUrvabhavoM kA varNana Adi vistArapUrvaka dekara anta meM rAma ko kevalajJAna kI utpatti aura nirvANa prApti ke sAtha grantha samApta hotA hai / rAmacarita para yaha eka aisI prathama jaina racanA hai jisameM yathArthatA ke darzana aura aneka uTapaTAMga tathA atArkika bAtoM kA nirasana huA hai| isameM pAtroM ke caritra-citraNa meM paristhitivaza udAtta bhUmikA prastuta kI gaI hai aura puruSa tathA strI caritra ko U~cA uThAyA gayA hai| isameM kaikeyI ko IrSyA jaisI durbhAvanA ke kalaMka se bacAyA gayA hai / dazaratha ne chor3a vairAgya dhAraNa karane kA vicAra kiyA tabhI vairAgya bhAva utpanna ho gayA / kaikeyI ke kI samasyA A par3I aura usane bharata ko bhAvanA se use rAjyapada dene ke lie dazaratha se ki dazaratha kI AjJA se ) vana jAte haiN| rAma ko vana meM jAtI hai aura rAma se kahatI hai ki bharata ko rAjya to tumhIM ko karanA hai / akasmAt jo mujhase bana par3A use mata soco, kSamA kara do aura ayodhyA lauTa clo| isI taraha bAli aura rAvaNa kA caritra mA~gA / sama svecchA se ( na lauTAne ke lie svayaM kaikeyI abhI bahuta kucha sIkhanA hai| vRddhatva ke kAraNa jaba rAjya gaMbhIra prakRti bharata ko bhI samakSa pati evaM putra donoM ke viyoga gRhastha jIvana meM bA~dhe rakhane kI vara

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paurANika mahAkAvya bhI yahA~ udAtta dikhAyA gayA hai| rAvaNa dhArmika aura vratI puruSa ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| vaha sItA kA apaharaNa to kara le gayA parantu usane usakI icchA ke viruddha balAtkAra karane kA vicAra yA prayatna nahIM kiyA kyoMki usane kisI strI ke sAtha usakI icchA ke viruddha sambhoga na karane kA vrata le rakhA thaa| vaha sItA ko lauTA denA cAhatA thA para lokadRSTi meM Darapoka samajhe jAne ke bhaya se aisA na kara skaa| usakA vicAra yuddha meM rAga-lakSmaNa para vijaya prApta karane ke bAda vaibhava ke sAtha sItA ko vApasa karane kA thaa| paumacariyaM rAmacarita ke atirikta aneka kathAoM kA Akara hai| isameM anekoM avAntara kathAe~ dI gaI haiM tathA paramparAgata anekoM kathAoM ko yathocita parivartana ke sAtha prasaMgAnukUla banAyA gayA hai aura kucha navIna kathAoM kI sRSTi kI gaI hai| yadi vAlmIki rAmAyaNa saMskRta sAhitya kA Adi kAbya hai to paumacariyaM prAkRta sAhitya kA / isakI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta hai| isameM deza, nagara, nadI, samudra, aTavI, Rtu, zarIra saundarya ke varNana mahAkAvyoM ke samAna haiN| zRGgAra, vIra aura karuNa rasoM kI acchI abhivyakti bhI sthAna-sthAna para huI hai tathA ucita sthAnoM para bhayAnaka, raudra, vIbhatsa, adbhuta evaM hAsya rasoM ke udAharaNa bhI milate haiN| varNana ke anusAra bhASA oja, mAdhurya aura prasAda guNayukta hotI gaI hai| upamAdi vividha alaMkAroM ke prayoga bhI pracura mAtrA meM dikhAyI dete haiM tathA gAthA chanda ke atirikta uddezoM ke madhya meM saMskRta ke chanda upajAti, indravajrA, upendravajrA, mAlinI, vasantatilakA, rucirA, zArdUlavikrIDita Adi kA prAkRta bhASA meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| paumacariyaM ke antaH parIkSaNa me hameM gupta-vAkATaka yuga kI aneka prakAra kI aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika sAmagrI milatI hai| isameM varNita aneka jana-jAtiyoM, rAjyoM aura rAjanaitika ghaTanAoM kA tatkAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa se sambandha sthApita kiyA gayA hai| dakSiNa bhArata ke kailakiloM aura zrIparvatIyoM kA ullekha hai tathA AnandavaMza aura kSatrapa rudrabhUti kA bhI ullekha hai| ujjaina aura dazapura rAjAoM ke bIca saMgharSa, gupta rAjA kumAragupta aura mahAkSatrapoM ke bIca saMgharSa kI sUcanA detA hai| isameM naMdyAvartapura kA ullekha hai jisakA vAkATakoM kI rAjadhAnI nandivardhana se sAmya sthApita kiyA jAtA hai|' - 1. ina AdhAroM se isake racanAkAla kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai|

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38 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa _jainadharma ke siddhAnta nirUpaNa kI dRSTi se paumacariyaM aisI racanA hai jo sAmpradAyikatA se pare hai| grantha meM varNita aneka tathyoM ke vizleSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki isameM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya sabhI sampradAyoM kA samAveza ho gayA hai| saMbhavataH vimalasUri usa yuga ke the jaba jainoM meM sAmpradAyikatA kA vibhAga gaharA na ho sakA thaa| unapara sAmpradAyikatA kA koI prabhAva nahIM hai| unhoMne paramparA se jo sunA, par3hA aura dekhA usIkA varNana kiyA hai bhale vaha zvetAmbara yA digambara donoM paramparAoM ke pratikUla baitthe| racayitA aura racanA-kAla-grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake kartA nAilakula vaMza ke vimalasUri the jo ki rAhu ke praziSya aura vinaya ke ziSya the| isake atirikta kavi ke jIvana para vizeSa prakAza nahIM milatA hai| prazasti meM eka gAthA se patA calatA hai ki yaha kRti 530 vIra nirvANa saMvat meM arthAt I0 san 4 meM likhI gaI thii| para isa para pAzcAtya vidvAn ha. yAkobI aura jaina vidvAn muni jinavijaya, muni kalyANavijaya aura paM. paramAnanda zAstrI tathA jainetara vidvAn ke0 eca0 dhruva ne zaMkA prakaTa kI hai| sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki jisa nAila kula ke ye AcArya hai vaha nAilI zAkhA ke rUpa meM vI0ni0 saM0 580 yA 600 ke lagabhaga vajra (vI. ni. 575) ke ziSya vajrasena ne sthApita kI thI aura usa zAkhA meM utpanna hone se ye avazya kaI pIDhI bAda hue haiN| isalie varSa 530, vIra ni0 na hokara bAda kA koI saMvat honA cAhie / yAkobI ne ise tRtIya zatAbdI kI racanA mAnA haiM aura DA0 ke0 Ara0 candra ne ise vi0 saM0 530 kI kRti mAnA hai / paumacariyam ke atirikta vimalasUri kI kucha anya racanAyeM batAyI jAtI haiN| para unakA kartRtva vivAdAspada hai| 'praznottaramAlikA' eka aisI racanA hai jise bauddha, brAhmaNa aura jaina apane-apane mata kI batAte haiN| haridAsa zAstrI aura kucha anya vidvAnoMkI mAnyatA hai ki yaha vimalasUri dvArA racita hai| kucha vidvAn ise rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa ( 9vIM zatA0 ) kI racanA batAte haiM / 1. paumacariyam , prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI, 1962, dekheM-DA. vI. ema. kulakarNI dvArA likhita prastAvanA, pR0 8-15. 2. e kriTikala sTaDI bhApha paumacariyaM, pR0 17. 3. paumacariyaM kI aMgrejI prastAvanA, pR0 17, prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI, 1962.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 39 kuvalayamAlA kI prastAvanA gAthAoM meM vimalAMka vimalasUri ko smaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura unakI 'amRtamaya sarasa prAkRta' kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai ( kRti paumacariyam kA ullekha nahIM hai para lakSya vahI hai)| eka anya gAthA--yathA' buhayaNasahassadayiyaM harivaMsuppattikArayaM paDhamaM / vaMdAmi vaMdiyaMpi hu harivarisaM ceya vimalapayaM / / (jisakA artha DA0 A0 ne0 upAdhye ne yaha kiyA hai : 'prathama harivaMzotpattikAraka harivarSa kavi kI budhajanoM meM priya aura vimala abhivyakti (padAvalI) ke kAraNa bandanA karatA hU~' ) meM kucha zabdoM kA parivartana kara kucheka vidvAn kalpanA karate haiM ki isase 'harivaMzacariyaM ke prathama racayitA vimalasUri' kI dhvani nikalatI hai| para ukta gAthA se vimalasUri kA harivaMza kartRtva siddha nahIM hotA hai / DA0 upAdhye ne ukta gAthA kI dvitIya paMkti meM 'harivarisaM ceya vimala payaM' ke sthAna meM 'harivaMsaM ceya vimala payaM' ke rUpa meM parivartana karane meM Apatti uThAyI hai ki ukta gAthA meM harivaMza zabda kI punarAvRtti ho jAtI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha ki udyotanasUri ne prastAvanA gAthAoM meM kAla-krama se ajaina aura jaina (zvetA0 tathA diga0) kaviyoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai| ukta krama meM vimalAMka vimala ke bAda tipurisayasiddha 'supuruSacarita' ke racayitA guptavaMzI devagupta, phira prathama harivaMzotpattikAraka harivarSa, isake bAda sulocanAkathAkAra, yazodharacaritakAra, prabhaMjana, varAMgacaritakAra jaTila, padmacaritakAra raviSeNa tathA samarAdityakathAkAra evaM apane guru haribhadra kA smaraNa kiyA hai| yadi vimalasUri kI harivaMsa nAma se koI racanA hotI to usakA ullekha vimala ke krama meM honA cAhie thaa| para aisA nahIM huA hai| vahA~ to eka kavi aura usakI racanA kA antarAla dekara harivaMza kA ullekha huA hai| yaha 'harivaMsuppatti' grantha prAkRta meM yA saMskRta meM bhI ho sakatA hai kyoMki prastAvanA gAthAoM meM prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM bhASAoM ke kaviyoM ko smaraNa kiyA gayA hai isalie ukta gAthA se vimalasUri kRta 'harivaMsacariyaM' kI dhvani nikAlanA saMbhava nahIM dikhtaa| ___sItAcaritra-isameM 465 prAkRta gAthAoM meM bhuvanatuMgasUri ne sItA kA caritra likhA hai|' sItAcaritra para prAkRta meM ajJAta kartRka do aura racanAyeM 1. kuvalayamAlA (si. jai0 pra0 45), pR. 3. 2. vahI, bhAga 2, prastAvanA, pR. 76 aura noTsa pR. 126. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 442.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa milatI haiN| eka kA graMthAgra 3100 yA 3400 hai / dUsare kI hasta0 prati meM saM0 1600 diyA gayA hai / ' 40 rAmalakSmaNacaritra - ise bhI 208 gAthAoM meM bhuvanatuMgasUri ne sItAcaritra ke racanAkrama meM likhA hai / padmacarita yA padmapurANa - isa carita' kI kathAvastu AThaveM balabhadra padma ( rAma ), AThaveM nArAyaNa lakSmaNa, pratinArAyaNa rAvaNa tathA unake parivAroM aura sambaddha vaMzoM kA carita varNana karanA hai / yaha racanA saMskRta meM hai / isameM 123 parva haiM jinameM anuSTum mAna se 18023 zloka haiM / saMskRta jaina kathA sAhitya meM yaha sabase prAcIna grantha hai / isameM adhikatara anuSTum chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / pratyeka parva ke anta meM chanda parivartana kara vividha vRttoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 42veM parva kI racanA nAnA chandoM meM kI gaI hai / 78veM parva kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM vRttagandhi gadya kA bhI prayoga huA hai jisameM bhujaMgaprayAta chanda kA AbhAsa milatA hai / kahA hai ki isakA viSaya granthakAra ne racanA ke AdhAra kI sUcanA dete hue zrI vardhamAna tIrthakara se gautama gaNadhara ko aura unase dhAriNI ke sudharmAcArya ko prApta huA / phira prabhava ko aura bAda meM zreSTha vaktA kIrtighara AcArya ko prApta huA / tadanantara unase likhita ko AdhAra banA raviSeNa ne yaha grantha prakaTa kiyA / " apabhraMza paumacariu ke racayitA svayambhU ne bhI anuttaravAgmI kIrtighara kA ullekha kiyA hai, para inakI kRti abataka upalabdha nahIM hai aura na hI kIrtidhara kI AcArya paramparA / prAkRta ke 'paumacariyam' kI kathAvastu ke vinyAsa ke samAna hI isa kRti meM vastu vinyAsa dikhAI par3atA hai / viSaya aura varNana prAyaH jyoM ke tyoM tathA parva- pratiparva aura prAyaH lagAtAra aneka padya pratipadya mila jAte haiM / isase lagatA hai ki yaha grantha vimalasUrikRta paumacariyaM ko saMmukha rakha kara racA gayA ho, 1. vahI, pR0 442. 2. vahI, pR0 331. 3. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se 3 bhAgoM meM sAnuvAda prakAzita, san pranthamAlA, bambaI, 3 bhAga, san 1958-59; mUla - mA0 di0 jai0 1985 ji0 20 ko0, pR0 233. parva 123, pa0 166. 4.

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paurANika mahAkAvya aura aneka aMzoM meM usakA chAyAnuvAda ho / phira bhI donoM granthoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se vidvadvarga ne anekavidha vyatikrama, parivartana, parivardhana, vibhinna saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM prabhRti tathyoM kI ora dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| isake atirikta raviSeNa ke kaI vivecana itane pallavita aura parivardhita haiM ki saMskRta kI yaha kRti prAkRta paumacariyam se Der3ha gune se bhI adhika ho gaI hai| phira bhI viSaya kI dRSTi se isameM koI navIna kathAvastu kA samAveza nahIM hai| ina donoM kI tulanA se jo niSkarSa nikalatA hai vaha yaha hai ki raviSeNa ne jaba ki isa kRti ko pUrNataH diga0 paramparA ke anurUpa DhAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai to paumacariyam sAmpradAyikatA se pare hai yA zvetAmbara-diga0 mAnyatA se alaga kisI tIsarI paramparA yApanIya kI kRti hai| jaina sAhitya meM rAmakathA ke do rUpa pAye jAte haiN| eka rUpa to vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM meM, prastuta padmacarita meM aura hemacandrakRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM tathA dUsarA guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa, puSpadantakRta mahApurANa evaM kannaDa cAmuNDarAyapurANa meM | pahalA rUpa adhikAMzataH vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke DhaMga kA hai jaba ki dUsarA rUpa viSNupurANa tathA bauddha dazarathajAtaka se milatAjulatA hai| granthakAra-paricaya aura racanA-kAla-isa kRti ke racayitA kA nAma raviSeNa hai| inhoMne padmacarita ke 123ve parva ke 167 ve padya ke uttarArdha meM apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai-indraguru ke ziSya divAkara yati, divAkara yati ke arhanmuni, arhanmuni ke ziSya lakSmaNasena aura unake ziSya raviSeNa / para raviSeNa ne apane kisI saMgha yA gaNagaccha kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai aura na sthAnAdi kI carcA kI hai| parantu senAnta nAma se anumAna hotA hai ki ve saMbhavataH sena saMgha ke hoN| unake gRhastha jIvana aura anya racanAoM ke viSaya meM bhI kucha nahIM mAlUma / saubhAgya se granthakAra ne isakI racanA kA saMvat de diyA hai / tadanusAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke 1203 varSa 6 mAha bIta jAne para yaha kRti likhI gaI thii| isa sUcanA se isakI racanA vi0 saM0 734 yA san 676 I0 meM huI hai| 1. . nA. rA0 premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 87-108; padmapurANa, prastAvanA, pR021-32. 2. vahI, pR0 93.98. 3. parva 123.18.

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42 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa __ paravartI AcAryoM ne raviSeNa aura unakI kRti kA sasammAna ullekha kiyA hai| udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA meM' aura jinasena (dvi0 ) ne harivaMzapurANa meM inakA smaraNa kiyA hai| raviSeNa ne sudharmAcArya, prabhava aura kIrtidhara ke atirikta kisI pUrvAcArya yA pUrvavartI kRti kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isa padmacarita para rAjA bhoja ( paramAra ) ke rAjya kAla saM0 1087 meM dhArAnagarI meM zrIcandra muni ne eka TippaNa likhA hai| rAmAyaNa-yaha sarala saMskRta gadya meM likhI huI racanA hai jo pUrvavartI kisI padyAtmaka racanA kA parivartita rUpa hai / ise jaina rAmAyaNa bhI kahate haiN| racayitA evaM racanAkAla isakI racanA tapAgacchIya vijayadAnasUri ke praziSya aura rAmavijaya ke ziSya devavijaya ne vi0 saM0 1652 meM kI thii| isakA saMzodhana dharmasAgara gaNi ke ziSya padmasAgara ne kiyA thaa| padmapurANa nAma kI anya kRtiyA~ (saMskRta)-1. padmapurANa-jinadAsa (16vIM shtii)| ye bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke ziSya the| isameM unhoMne raviSeNa ke padmapurANa kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / isakA aparanAma rAmadevapurANa bhI hai / 2. padmapurANa ( rAmapurANa )-somasena (saM0 1656) -dharmakIrti (saM0 1669) -candrakIti bhaTTAraka -candrasAgara -zrIcandra 7. padma-mahAkAvya -zubhavardhana gaNi (prakAzita-hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara, san 1917) 8. rAmacaritra -padmanAbha 9. padmapurANa-paMjikA -prabhAcandra yA zrIcandra 1. pR0 4 (si. jai0 granthamAlA, 45). 2. sarga 1.36. 3. premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 286-290, 4. ji. ra0 ko0, pR0 331. 5. vahI, pR0 234, 331. .

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paurANika mahAkAvya 43 rAmakathA se sambaddha anya racanAe~ ( saMskRta ) - 1. sItA caritra - isa kAvya meM 4 sarga haiM, jinameM kramazaH 95, 99, 153, aura 209 padya haiM / yaha aprakAzita hai / isakI hastalikhita prati meM saM0 1339 diyA gayA hai / 2. sItA caritra - zAntisUri 3. brahma nemidatta 4. amaradAsa 13 :3 mahAbhArata-viSayaka paurANika mahAkAvya ( saMskRta ) : harivaMzapurANa - eka mahAkAvya kI zailI para racA gayA yaha brAhmaNa purANoM ke anukaraNa kA eka purANa hai / isa grantha kA mukhya viSaya harivaMza meM utpanna hue 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA caritra varNana karanA hai|' isakA dUsarA nAma ariSTanemipurANasaMgraha bhI hai jisakA pratyeka sarga ke puSpikA vAkya meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isake viSaya kA granthakAra ne loka ke AkAra kA varNana, rAjavaMzoM kI utpatti, harivaMza kA avatAra, vasudeva kI ceSTAe~, neminAtha kA carita, dvArikA nirmANa, yuddha varNana aura nirvANa ina ATha adhikAroM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai / isa grantha meM 66 sarga haiM, jinakA kula milAkara 12 hajAra zlokapramANa AkAra hai / yaha grantha neminAthapurANa hI nahIM hai balki use madhyabindu banAkara isameM itihAsa, bhUgola, rAjanIti, dharmanIti Adi aneka viSayoM tathA aneka upAkhyAnoM kA varNana huA hai| loka-saMsthAna ke rUpa meM sRSTi varNana 4 sargoM meM diyA gayA hai / rAjyavaMzotpatti aura harivaMzAvatAra nAmaka adhikAroM ke upalakSaNa meM caubIsa tIrthakara, bAraha cakravartI, nava nArAyaNa Adi tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA aura saikar3oM avAntara rAjAoM aura vidyAdharoM ke caritoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha yaha apane meM eka mahApurANa ko bhI antargarbhita kiye hue hai / harivaMza ke prasaMga meM aila aura yaduvaMzoM kA bhI varNana diyA gayA hai / 1. vahI, pR0 442. 2. mA0 di0 jai0 pra0 bambaI, 2 bhAga, san 1930 - 31; bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI, 1962.

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44 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva kA carita bar3e rocaka aura vyApaka rUpa se varNita hai| isa varNana meM 1-2 hI nahIM balki 15 saga ( 19-33 saga) lagAye gaye haiN| yaha bar3A bhAga grantha ke caturthAza jaisA hI hai / isa grantha ke pUrva bhadrabAhu kRta 'vasudevacarita' ( anupalabdha ) aura vasudevahiNDo ( saMghadAsagaNikRta ) meM vasudeva kI kautukapUrNa kathA varNita hai| vasudeva ke carita se sambaddha zrI kRSNa, balarAma tathA anya yaduvaMzI puruSoM-pradyamna, sAmba, jaratkumAra Adi ke caritoM aura rAjagRha ke rAjA jarAsaMdha aura mahAbhArata ke nAyaka kauravapANDavoM kA vaNana bhI jaina mAnyatAnusAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai / grantha ke uttarArdha ko hama yaduvaMzacarita aura jaina mahAbhArata bhI kaha sakate haiN| neminAtha kA itanA varNana isase pUrva anyatra kahIM svatantra rUpa meM dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| kevala uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke rahanemija' nAmaka 22veM adhyayana meM vaha caritra aMza rUpa se 49 gAthAoM meM diyA gayA hai| grantha meM cArudatta aura basantasenA kA vRttAnta vistAra se diyA gayA hai| isake pUrva vasudevahiMDI aura bRhatkathAzloka saMgraha meM bhI yaha kathAnaka AyA hai jisakA srota guNADhya kI bRhatkathA mAnA jAtA hai| mRcchakaTika meM isa kathAnaka kA nATakIya rUpa diyA gayA hai| harivaMzapurANa na kevala eka kathAgrantha hai balki mahAkAvya ke guNoM se guMthA huA eka uccakoTi kA kAvya bhI hai| isameM sabhI rasoM kA acchA paripAka huA hai| yuddha varNana meM jarAsaMdha aura kRSNa ke bIca romAMcakArI yuddha vIra rasa kA paripAka hai| dvArikA-nirmANa aura yaduvaMziyoM kA prabhAva adbhuta rasa kA prakarSa hai| neminAtha kA vairAgya aura balarAma kA vilApa karuNa rasa se bharA huA hai| isa kAvya kA anta zAnta rasa meM hotA hai| prakRti-citraNa rUpa Rtu-varNana, candrodaya-varNana Adi aneka citra kAvyazailI meM diye gaye haiN| grantha kI bhASA praur3ha evaM udAtta hai tathA alaMkAra aura vividha chandoM se vibhUSita hai| rasa ke varNana ke anukUla hI kavi ne chanda cune haiN| pacapanavA~ sarga yamakAdi alaMkAroM se suzobhita hai| neminAtha ke stavana meM pUrA 39vA~ sarga vRttAnugandhI gadya meM likhA gayA hai| padyamaya granthoM meM isa prakAra kA prayoga raviSeNa ke padmacarita ke atirikta yahA~ hI dekhane ko milatA hai, anyatra nahIM / kavi kI varNana-zailI apUrva hai| vasudeva kI saMgIta-kalA ke varNana meM 19veM sarga ke 120 zloka lagAye gaye haiN| vaha varNana bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra se anuprANita hai| isa grantha kA lokavibhAga aura zalAkApuruSoM kA varNana 'tiloyapaNNatti' se

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paurANika mahAkAvya 45 tathA dvAdazAMga kA varNana rAjavArtika se mela khAtA hai| vratavidhAna, samavasaraNa aura jinendravihAravarNana bhI bar3e hI paripUrNa haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se harivaMzapurANa apane samaya kI kRtiyoM meM nirAlA hai| isake kartA ne apanA paricaya bhale prakAra se diyA hai| unhoMne apanI racanA zaka saM0 705 meM saurASTra ke vardhamAnapura meM samApta kI thI aura anya samApti-varSa ke kAla meM apane cAroM ora bhAratavarSa kI rAjanItika sthiti kA digdarzana karAte hue jinasena ne kahA hai ki usa samaya uttara dizA meM indrAyudha, dakSiNa dizA meM kRSNa kA putra zrIvallabha aura pUrva meM avantinareza vatsarAja aura pazcima meM sauroM ke adhimaNDala-saurASTra meM vIra jayavarAha rAjya karate the| itanA hI nahIM isa racanA meM aitihAsika cetanA ke aura bhI darzana hote haiM, yathA-bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se lekara guptavaMza evaM kalki ke samaya taka madhyadeza para zAsana karanevAle pramukha rAjavaMzoM kI paramparA kA ullekha, avantI kI gaddI para AsIna honevAle rAjavaMza aura rAsabhavaMza (jisameM prasiddha rAjA vikramAditya huA hai) kA krama diyA hai, sAtha hI jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra se lagAkara 683 varSa kI sarvamAnya guru-paramparA aura usake Age apane samaya taka kI anyatra anupaladha avicchinna guru-paramparA bhI dI gaI hai evaM apane se pUrvavartI aneka kaviyoM aura kRtiyoM kA paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha hama harivaMzapurANa meM purANa, mahAkAvya, vividha viSayoM ko pratipAdana karanevAle vizvakoza tathA rAjanItika aura dhArmika itihAsa ke srota Adi ke samudita darzana karate haiN| granthakAra ne apane isa grantha ke sambandha meM svayaM isa prakAra kahA hai ki jo isa harivaMza ko zraddhA se par3heMge unheM alpa yatna se hI apanI AkAMkSita kAmanAoM kI pUrI siddhi hogI tathA dharma, artha aura 1. vardhamAnapura kI pahacAna aura isa prazasti meM ullikhita narezoM kI pahacAna para vidvAnoM meM bar3A matabheda hai| ina sabakI samIkSA DA0 mA0 ne0 upAdhye ne kuvalayamAlA (si. jai0 pra0 46) bhAga 2 kI aMgrejI prastAvanA ke pRSTha 105-107 meM vistAra se kI hai| 2. sarga 66.52-53. 3. sarga 60.487-492. 4. sarga 66.21-33.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mokSa kA bhI lAbha milegaa| anta meM granthakAra ne harivaMza ko samIhita siddhi ke lie zrIparvata kahA hai| yaha zrIparvata Andhradeza kA nAgArjunIkoNDA hai jo jinasena ke samaya bhI Rddhi-siddhi ke lie deza-prasiddha kendra mAnA jAtA thaa| granthakAra-paricaya aura racanAkAla-isa grantha kI samApti para 663 sarga meM eka mahattvapUrNa prazasti dI gaI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA punnATasaMghIya jinasena haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki ye mahApurANa (AdipurANa) ke racayitA mUlasaMghIya senAnvayI jinasena se bhinna the| inake guru kA nAma kIrtiNa aura dAdAguru kA nAma jinasena thA jabaki dUsare jinasena ke guru kA nAma vIrasena aura dAdAguru kA Aryanandi thaa| punnATa karnATaka kA prAcIna nAma hai aura isa deza se nirgata muni saMgha kA nAma punnATasaMgha pdd'aa| harivaMza ke chAsaThaveM sarga meM mahAvIra se lekara lohAcArya arthAt vI. ni. 683 varSa ke bAda taka kI AcArya paramparA dI gaI hai jo zratAvatAra Adi anya granthoM meM milatI hai| isake bAda jo AcArya paramparA dI gaI hai usameM punnATasaMgha ke pUrvavartI aneka AcAryoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM yathA-vinayadhara, zrutigupta, RSigupta, zivagupta (jinhoMne apane guNoM se arha balipada prApta kiyA), mandarArya, mitravIra, baladeva, balamitra, siMhabala, vIravit , padmasena, vyAghrahasti, nAgahasti, jitadaNDa, nandiSeNa, dIpasena, dharasena, dharmasena, siMhasena, nandiSeNa, Izvarasena, abhayasena, siddhasena, abhayasena, bhImasena, jinasena, zAntiSeNa, jayasena, amitasena (punnATasaMgha ke aguA aura sau varSa taka jInevAle), inake bar3e gurubhAI kIrtiSeNa aura unake ziSya jinasena (grantha krtaa)| isameM amitasena ko punnATasaMgha kA agraNI kahA gayA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki ve hI punnATasaMgha ko chor3a sabase pahale uttara kI tarapha bar3he hoMge aura unase pUrvavartI jayasena guru taka yaha saMgha punnATadeza meM hI vicaraNa karatA rahA hogA-arthAt jinasena se 50-60 varSa pahale hI kAThiyAvAr3a meM isa saMgha kA praveza huA hogaa| jinasena ne isa grantha kI racanA zaka saM0 705 (san 783) arthAt vi0 saM0 840 meM kI thii| uparyukta gurvAvalI se hama isa niSkarSa para 1. sarga 66.46. 2. sarga 66.54 : dRSTo'yaM harivaMzapuNyacaritaH zrIparvataH srvto| 1. sarga 66.22-33. 5. sarga 66, padya 52 : zAkeSvandazateSu saptasu dizaM pNcottressttraaN"|

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paurANika mahAkAvya 47 pahu~cate haiM ki vIra-nirvANa ke bAda se vikrama saM0 840 taka kI avicchinna guruparamparA isa grantha meM surakSita hai jo anyatra dekhane ko nahIM milatI aura isa dRSTi se yaha prazasti mahattvapUrNa hai| jJAta hotA hai ki punnATasaMgha kI paramparA vardhamAnapura (var3havANa-kAThiyAvAr3a ) meM jinasena ke bAda lagabhaga 150 varSoM taka calatI rhii| isakA pramANa hameM hariSeNa ke 'kathAkoza' se milatA hai / hariSeNa bhI punnATasaMgha ke the aura unake kathAkoza kI racanA jinasena ke harivaMza racane ke 148 varSa bAda arthAt vi0 saM0 989 ( zaka saM0 853 ) meM huI thii| hariSeNa ne apane guru bhImasena, unake guru hariSeNa aura unake guru maunibhaTTAraka taka kA ullekha kiyA hai| yadi eka-eka guru kA samaya pacIsa-tIsa varSa ginA jAya to isa anumAna se harivaMza kartA jinasena, maunibhaTTAraka ke guru ke guru ho sakate haiM yA ekAdha pIr3hI aura pahale ke / yadi jinasena aura maunibhaTTAraka ke bIca ke eka-do AcAryoM kA nAma aura kahIM se mAlUma ho jAya to phira ina granthoM se vIra ni0 se za0 saM0 853 taka kI arthAt 1458 varSa kI eka avicchinna guruparamparA taiyAra ho sakatI hai| ___ punnATasaMgha kA ullekha ina do granthoM ke atirikta abhI taka anyatra nahIM milA hai| vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki punnATa (karnATaka) se bAhara jAne para hI yaha saMgha punnATasaMgha kahalAyA jisa taraha ki Aja kala jaba koI eka sthAna ko chor3a kara dUsare sthAna meM jAkara rahatA hai taba vaha apane pUrva sthAnavAlA kahalAne lagatA hai| isa grantha kI racanA nannarAjavasati pArzvanAtha mandira meM baiThakara kI gaI thii| yadyapi granthakartA diga0 sampradAya ke the phira bhI harivaMza ke antima sarga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vivAha kI bAta likhI hai jo diga0 sampradAya ke anya grantha meM nahIM dekhI jaatii| lagatA hai yaha mAnyatA zvetA0 yA yApanIya sampradAya ke kisI grantha se lI gaI hai| 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 120-121. 2. harivaMzapu0, sarga 66.52-55. 1. hari0 pu0, sarga 66.8 : yazodayAyAM sutayA yazodayA pavitrayA vIra vivaahmNglN|

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48 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jinasena ne apane se pUrvavartI jina vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ve haiM-- samantabhadra, siddhasena, devanandi, vajrasUri, mahAsena (sulocanAkathA ke kartA), raviSeNa ( padmapurANa ke kartA), jaTAsiMhanandi ( varAMgacarita ke kartA), zAnta (kisI kAvya grantha ke kartA), vizeSavAdi (gadyapadyamaya viziSTa kAvya ke racayitA), kumArasena, vIrasena (kaviyo ke cakravartI), jinasena (pArvAbhyudaya ke kartA) tathA eka anya kavi ( vardhamAnapurANa ke krtaa)|' udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA (za0 saM0 700 =vi0 saM0 835 =san 778 I0) meM apane pUrvavartI aneka jaina (zvetA0 diga0) evaM ajaina kaviyoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai| kucha vidvAn raviSeNa ke padmacarita aura jaTAnandi ke varAMgacarita ke samAna eka gAthA se isa harivaMza kI stuti kI bhI kalpanA karate haiM, jo ki sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki harivaMza, kuvalayamAlA ke bAda (5 varSa bAda ) kI racanA hai| pUrvavartI racanA meM paravartI racanA ke ullekha kI kama hI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kuvalayamAlA ke nimnAMkita padya meM prathama harivaMzotpatti kAraka harivarSa kavi kI, budhajanoM meM priya aura vimala abhivyakti (padAvalI ) ke kAraNa, vandanA kI gaI hai : buhayaNasahassadayiyaM harivaMsuppattikArayaM paDhamaM / vandAmi vaMdiyaMpi hu harivarisaM ceya vimalapayaM / / isase vidita hotA hai ki vaha harivaMza anya kartA kI kRti thI, yaha nahIM thii| kucha vidvAn ukta gAthA se vimalasUri kRta harivaMzacariyaM hone kI saMbhAvanA karate haiM aura mAnate haiM ki saMbhavataH jinasena kA harivaMza vimalasUri ke prAkRta harivaMzacariyaM kI chAyA ho| isa viSaya meM hamane paumacariyaM ke prasaMga meM ukta saMbhAvanA kA khaNDana kara diyA hai| hA~, harivarSakRta prAkRta yA saMskRta meM koI harivaMsuppatti upalabdha ho taba jinasena ke harivaMza kA mUla kyA thA, isa 1. sarga 1.31-40, isameM vizeSavAdi se kahIM udyotanasUri kA to abhiprAya nahIM ? unakI kuvalayamAlA gadya-padyamaya ukti-vizeSoM se bharA huA kAvya hai| kuvalayamAlA (sijai0 pra. 45), pR. 3, vahI, dvi0 bhA0, prastAvanA pR0 76 aura noTsa pR0 126.

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paurANika mahAkAvya viSaya para bhale hI kucha prakAza par3a sake aura usameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vivAha ke ullekha kI saMgati baiTha sake / pANDavacarita- yaha eka sargacaddha kRti hai| isameM 18 sarga haiN| isakA kathAnaka lokaprasiddha pANDavoM ke caritra para AdhArita hai joki jaina-paramparA ke anusAra varNita hai, sAtha meM neminAtha kA carita bhI svataH A gayA hai| isake nAyaka pA~ca pANDava dhIrodAtta evaM udAtta kSatriya-kula sambhUta haiN| yaha vIrarasa pradhAna kAvya hai kintu isakA paryavasAna zAntarasa meM huA hai| zRMgAra, adbhuta evaM raudra rasoM kI yojanA bhI isameM aMgarUpa huI hai| isameM kAvya-paramparA ke anukUla pratyeka sarga meM eka chanda kA prayoga tathA sargAnta meM chanda parivartana kiyA gayA hai| isameM mahAkAvyIya varNya viSayoM-nagarI, parvata, vana, upavana, basanta, grISma Adi kA samAveza yathAsthAna huA hai / isake sargoM ke nAmakaraNa bhI varNyaviSaya ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiN| yadyapi isameM mahAkAvyocita sabhI guNa haiM parantu bhASA-zailIgata praur3hatA aura udAtta kavitva kalA ke abhAva meM yaha sAmAnya paurANika kAvya raha gayA hai| paurANika kAvyoM ke samAna isameM aneka bAteM kalpanApUrNa evaM atizayokti se bharI haiN| varNana meM aneka alaukika aura aprAkRtika zaktiyoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| yatra tatra avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA bhI kI gaI hai jaise nalakUbara kI kthaa| bhavAntaroM ke kathana meM bhI aneka avAntara kathAe~ A gaI haiN| pANDavacarita ke . kathAnaka kA AdhAra 'SaSThAMgopaniSad' tathA hemacandrAcArya kA 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' tathA kucha anya grantha haiN| isa bAta ko granthakartA ne svayaM ina zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA hai| SaSThAMgopaniSatriSaSTicaritAnAlokya kautUhalA detat kandalayAMcakAra caritaM pANDoH sutAnAmaham / / pANDavacarita kA grantha-pramANa lagabhaga ATha hajAra zloka hai / isake sabhI sargoM meM anuSTubh chanda kA prayoga huA hai| sargAntoM meM prayukta anya chandoM kI saMkhyA 40 hai| unameM pramukha vasantatilakA, zikhariNI, zArdUla vikrIDita, mAlinI pramukha haiN| granthakAra ne bhASA kI praur3hatA ke abhAva ko alaMkAroM ke prayoga dvArA kucha, aMzoM meM dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| zandAlaMkAroM meM 1. kAnyamAlA sirIja, bambaI, 1911; ji0 ra0 ko0, pRSTha 242. 2. pANDavacarita, sarga 18, padya 280.

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50 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa anuprAsa, yamaka tathA vIpsA kA prayoga bahuta huA hai / arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA evaM rUpaka alaMkAroM kA yatheSTa prayoga darzanIya hai| isa kAvya meM kavi ne apane yuga kA samAja-citraNa diyA hai| isameM usa yuga ke aneka rIti-rivAja, vivAha-saMskAra tathA pracalita andhavizvAsoM kI acchI jhA~kI milatI hai / pANDavacarita eka dhArmika kAvya bhI hai| isameM sthala sthala para dhArmika upadeza kI yojanA kI gaI hai jisameM dayA, dAna, zIla, tapa tathA saMsAra kI anityatA pratipAdita hai / ___ racayitA evaM racanA-kAla-pANDavacarita meM dI gaI prazasti se kavi kA vizeSa paricaya nahIM miltaa| usase kevala itanA jJAta hotA hai ki pANDavacarita ke racayitA devaprabhasUri maladhArI gaccha ke the| unhoMne isa grantha kI racanA harSapurIya gaccha ke hemacandrasUri-vijayasUri-candrasUri-municandrasUri ke ziSya devAnandasUri ke anurodha se kI thii| prazasti meM racanA-kAla nahIM diyA gayA para devAnandasUri, jinake anurodha para yaha grantha racA gayA thA', pramukha grantha saMzodhaka pradyumnasUri ke guru kanakaprabhasUri ke guru the| pradyumnasUri kA sAhityika kAla saM0 1315 se saM0 1340 taka 25 varSa kA mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki unhoMne saM 1322 meM zreyAMsanAthacarita (mAnatuMgasUrikRta ) tathA usI varSa munidevakRta zAntinAthacarita kA saMzodhana tathA saM0 1324 meM apane kAvya samarAdityacarita kI racanA tathA saM0 1334 meM prabhAcandrakRta prabhAvakacarita kA saMzodhana kiyA thaa| yadi isa kAla se pahale 25 varSa taka pradyumnasUri ke guru kanakaprabha kA sAhityika kAla aura unase 25 varSa pUrva taka kanakaprabha ke guru devAnanda kA sAhityika kAla mAnA jAya to kanakaprabha kA sAhityika jIvana saM0 1290 ke pazcAt aura devAnanda kA sAhityika jIvana saM0 1265 ke pazcAt mAnanA caahiye| isa anumAna se ki devAnandasUri kA sAhityika kAla saM0 1265 ke lagabhaga baiThatA hai devaprabhasUri kI kRti pANDavacarita kA racanAkAla saM0 1265 ke kucha kAla bAda siddha honA caahiye| dUsare anumAna se bhI hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiN| vaha hai devaprabhasUri ke ziSya naracandrasUri kA samaya | naracandrasUri bhI pANDavacarita ke saMzodhakoM meM eka the| inhIM naracandrasUri ne udayaprabhasUrikRta dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya (saM0 1277-1290 ) kA saMzodhana bhI kiyA thaa| isase bhI usI kAla ke Asa-pAsa pANDavacarita kA 1. pANDavacarita, prazasti, padya8-6. 2. pANDavacarita, prazasti, padya 10.11.

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paurANika mahAkAvya racanAkAla pratIta hotA hai / pANDavacarita ke sampAdakoM ne isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1270 mAnA hai' jo ki ukta anumAnoM ke Asa-pAsa hI baiThatA hai / harivaMzapurANa -- jinasena ke harivaMza purANa ke AdhAra para racita isa kRti meM 40 sarga haiN| isameM harivaMzakulotpanna 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha aura zrI kRSNa tathA unake samakAlIna pANDava aura kauravoM kA varNana hai / isake prathama 14 sargoM kI racanA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura zeSa sargoM kI racanA unake ziSya brahma jinadAsa ne kI hai / isameM raviSeNa aura jinasena kA ullekha hai / racayitA aura racanAkAla - isa grantha ke prathamAMza ke racayitA bhaTTAraka kalakIrti haiM / madhyakAlIna uttara bhArata meM sakalakIrti nAma ke aneka bhaTTAraka ho gaye haiM kintu unameM se sarvaprathamajJAta sakalakIrti ne aneka zAsana prabhAvaka kArya kiye the aura vipula sAhitya praNayana kiyA thA / inakI kRtiyA~ saMskRta aura rAjasthAnI donoM bhASAoM meM prApta haiM / inake samaya ke sambandha meM vivAda hai / DA0 kastUracandra kAsalIvAla inakA janma vi0 saM0 1443 aura svargavAsa 1499 mAnate haiM, jaba ki DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina ne janma 1418 aura svargavAsa 1499 mAnA hai / ina donoM ke mata se DA0 mo0 vinTaranitsa dvArA nirdhArita svargavAsa kA samaya ( saM0 1521 ) ThIka nahIM hai aura na DA0 joharApurakara dvArA nirdhArita kAla saM0 1450 - 1510 ye DUMgarapura (IDara ) paTTa ke saMsthApaka tathA bAgaDa ( sAgavAr3A ) bar3asAjana paTTa ke bhI saMsthApaka the / inhoMne 34 ke lagabhaga grantha likhe haiM jinameM 28 to saMskRta meM aura 6 rAjasthAnI meM / saMskRta bhASA ke grantha : 1. mUlAcArapradIpa, 2. praznottaropAsakAcAra, 3. AdipurANa, 4. uttarapurANa, 5. zAntinAthacaritra, 6. vardhamAna caritra, 7. mallinAthacaritra, 8. yazodharacaritra, 9. dhanyakumAracaritra, 10. 51 1. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa ( mo0 da0 desAI ) meM pANDavacarita kA racanAkAla saM0 1270 ke lagabhaga mAnA gayA hai / rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, 2. ji0 20 ko0, pR0 460; pR0 27. 3. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa: vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 1-21, zodhAMka 16, pR0 181-188 tathA 208-209. jaina sandeza,

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52 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sukumAlacaritra, 11. sudarzanacaritra, 12. sadbhASitAvalI, 13. pArzvanAthapurANa, 14. siddhAntasAradIpaka, 15. vratakathAkoSa, 16. purANasArasaMgraha, 17. karmavipAka, 18. tattvArthasAradIpaka, 19. paramAtmarAjastotra, 20. AgamasAra, 21. sAracaturvizatikA, 22. paMcaparameSThIpUjA, 23. aSTAhnikApUjA, 24. solahakAraNapUjA, 25. jambUsvAmicaritra, 26. zrIpAlacaritra, 27. dvAdazAnuprekSA, 28. gnndhrvlypuujaa| inakA svargavAsa gujarAta ke mahasAnA nAmaka sthAna meM saM0 1499 meM huA thA jahA~ unakI samAdhi-niSadyA aba taka vidyamAna batAI jAtI hai| ukta purANa ke dvitIyAMza ke racayitA brahma jinadAsa haiM jo bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke ziSya evaM laghubhrAtA the| inakA saMskRta aura rAjasthAnI para samAna adhikAra thA para rAjasthAnI se vizeSa anurAga thaa| inakI saMskRta meM racanA aMguliyoM para ginane lAyaka haiM jaba ki rAjasthAnI meM 50 se bhI adhika haiN| brahma jinadAsakI nizcita janmatithi ke sambandha meM inakI racanAoM ke AdhAra para koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| ye kaba taka gRhastha rahe aura kaba se sAdhu jIvana vitAyA, isa viSaya kI bhI sUcanA nahIM miltii| inakI mAtA kA nAma zobhA evaM pitA kA nAma karNasiMha thaa| ye pATaNa ke rahane vAle hUMbar3ha jAti ke zrAvaka the| inakA janma bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke bAda hai kyoMki ve inake agraja the| brahma jinadAsa ne apanI kevala do racanAoM meM saMvat diyA hai, zeSa meM nhiiN| tadanusAra rAmarAjyarAsa meM vi0 saM 1508 tathA harivaMzapurANa meM vi0 saM0 1520 diyA gayA hai| saMbhavataH harivaMzapurANa inakI antima kRti thii| saMskRta meM anya racanAyeM haiM---jambUsvAmicaritra, rAmacaritra ( padmapurANa ) tathA puSpAMjalivratakathA aura 8 ke lagabhaga pUjA-viSayaka laghu racanAe~ haiN| pANDavapurANa-isa paurANika kAvya' meM pANDavoM kI rocaka kathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 25 parva haiN| isakI zloka-saM0 6000 hai / isa purANa kI racanA meM granthakartA ne jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa Adi va uttarapurANa tathA zvetA0 racanA devaprabhasUri racita pANDavacaritra kA paryApta upayoga kiyA hai| grantha ke antaraMga parIkSaNa se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai| phira bhI isa purANa kI kathA meM anya jaina purANakAroM kI racanAoM se bheda hai / yaha grantha jaina mahAbhArata 1. jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, saM0 3, solApura, 1954. 2. vahI, prastAvanA, pRSTha 1-40.

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paurANika mahAkAvya bhI kahalAtA hai| paryoM kI racanA anuSTubh chandoM meM kI gaI hai para parvAnta meM chanda parivartana kiye gaye haiN| pratyeka parva kA prArambha tIrthakara kI stuti se hotA hai| tRtIya parva se prAraMbha kara RSabha ke krama se calakara paccIsaveM parva meM pAzva kI stuti kI gaI tathA prathama meM vRSabhAdi caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI aura dvitIya meM mahAvIra kI stuti kI gaI hai / grantharacanA sarasa, sarala saMskRta meM hai| ___granthakartA aura racanAkAla-prastuta grantha ke kartA bhaTTAraka zubhacandra haiN| ye bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti ke ziSya aura jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya the| inake ziSya zrIpAla varNI the| inakI sahAyatA se bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne vAgvara ( vAgaDa) prAnta ke antargata (sAgavAr3A) nagara meM vi0 saM0 1608 bhAdrapada dvitIyA ke dina isa pANDavapurANa kI racanA kI hai| paccIsaveM parva ke anta meM eka kaviprazasti dI gaI hai| usameM guruparamparA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai aura sAtha meM unake dvArA racita 25-26 granthoM kI sUcI / ' bhaTTAraka zubhacandra bar3e hI vidvAn the| trividhavidyAdhara (zabdAgama, yuktyAgama aura paramAgama ke jJAtA) aura SaTabhASAkavicakravartI-ye unakI upAdhiyA~ thiiN| inake dvArA racita kAvyagrantha-candraprabhacarita, padmanAbhacarita, jIvandharacarita, candanAkathA, nandIzvarakathA haiM tathA anya pUjA-vidhAna, pratiSThA Adi ke grantha haiN| pANDavapurANa-isa paurANika kAvya meM 18 sarga haiN| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA bhaTTA. vAdicandra the jo ki mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya aura prabhAcandra ke ziSya the| inakI gaddI gujarAta meM hI kahIM para thii| inhoMne kaI grantha likhe haiM yathA pArzvapurANa, jJAnasUryodayanATaka, pavanadUta, zrIpAlaAkhyAna (gujarAtI-hindI), yazodharacaritra, sulocanAcaritra, holikAcaritra aura ambikA-kathA / pANDavapurANa kI racanA saM0 1654 meM nodhakanagara meM huI thii| 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0, 383-384. 2. jayapura ke terahapaMthI bar3e mandira meM isa grantha kI eka prati hai| ji0 20 ko0, pR0 243; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 388.

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54 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pANDavapurANa-yaha jinasena, sakalakIrti aura anya granthakartAoM ke granthoM ke AdhAroM se racita sarala saMskRta padyAtmaka kRti hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA kASThAsaMghIya nandItaTa gaccha ke bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa haiN| inake banAye hue zAntinAthapurANa, pANDavapurANa aura harivaMzapurANa upalabdha haiN| sabhI granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM racanA saMvat diyA huA hai| isakI racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1657 pauSa zukla tRtIyA ravivAra diyA gayA hai| ye eka bhaTTAraka the aura sojitrA (gujarAta) kI gaddI para AsIna the| prazasti meM guruparamparA bhI dI gaI hai| prastuta purANa kI racanA sauryapura arthAt sUrata meM kI gaI thii| pANDavacaritra-yaha kAvya grantha' devaprabhasUri kRta pANDavacaritra kA sarala saMskRta meM gadyAtmaka rUpAntara hai| isameM yatra-tatra devaprabha kI racanA se tathA anyatra se katipaya padya bhI uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| isameM bhI 18 sarga haiN| granthakAra aura racanAkAla-lekhaka ne grantha ke anta meM eka saMkSipta prazasti meM apane vaMza aura gurvAdi kA paricaya diyA hai| jisase jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA devavijaya gaNi haiM jo tapAgaccha ke vijayadAnasUri ke ziSya rAmavijaya ke ziSya the| inhoMne ahamadAbAda meM rahakara yaha grantha saM0 1660 meM likhA thA / isakA saMzodhana zAnticandra ke ziSya ratnacandra ne kiyA thA / harivaMzapurANa-isakI racanA kA AdhAra jinasena, sakalakIrti Adi dvArA racita harivaMzapurANa hai| ise sojitrA ke bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa ne saM0 1675 caitra sudI 13 ke dina pUrNa kiyA thaa| pANDavacaritra-zubhavardhanagaNikRta isa graMtha ko harivaMzapurANa bhI kahate haiN| yaha grantha satyavijaya granthamAlA ahamadAbAda se bAlAbhAI mUlacandra ne prakAzita kiyA hai| 1, paramAnanda zAstrI, prazasti-saMgraha, pR. 96; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (premI), pR0 389; ji. ra0 ko0, pR0 243. 2. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, saM0 26, vArANasI, vI0 saM0 2438. 3. rAjasthAna ke zAstrabhaNDAroM kI sUcI, dvi0 bhA0, pR0 218, paramAnanda zAstrI, prazastisaMgraha, pR0 49. 4. ji. ra0 ko0, pR. 242.

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. paurANika mahAkAvya 55 harivaMzapurANa aura pANDavapurANa-viSayaka' anya racanAe~-1. pANDavacaritra (laghupANDavacaritra)-ajJAta / 2. pANDavapurANa-kavi rAmacandra (saM0 1560 ke puurv)| 3. harivaMzapurANa-dharmakIrti bhaTTAraka ( saM0 1671) / zrutakIrti / jysaagr| jayAnanda / 7. , maMgarasa / tirasaTha zalAkA mahApuruSa-viSayaka paurANika mahAkAvya : mahApurANa : AdipurANa-mahApurANa2 jinasena aura guNabhadra kI usa vizAla racanA kA nAma hai jo 76 paryoM meM vibhakta hai / 47 parva taka kI racanA kA nAma AdipurANa hai aura usake bAda 48-76 taka kA uttarapurANa / isa bRhatkAya grantha kA anuSTubha chandoM meM parimANa 19207 zloka haiN| unameM se AdipurANa meM 11429 zloka haiM aura uttarapurANa meM 7778 / jinasena ne 63 zalAkA puruSoM ke caritoM ko bRhatpramANa meM likhane kI pratijJA kI thI para atyanta vRddha hone ke kAraNa ve kevala Adi purANa ke bayAlIsa parva aura tetAlIsaveM parva ke tIna padya arthAt 10380 zloka pramANa racakara svargavAsI ho gye| isake bAda unake suyogya ziSya ne zeSa kRti ko apekSAkRta saMkSepa rUpa meM pUrNa kiyA / AdipurANa meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha ke daza pUrvabhavoM aura vartamAna bhava kA tathA bharata cakravartI ke caritra kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| prathama do parva to prastAvanA rUpa haiM, tIsare meM kAla aura bhogabhUmiyoM aura pA~ca se lekara ekAdaza parva taka RSabhadeva ke daza pUrvabhavoM kA vistRta varNana hai / bAraha se pandraha taka 4 paryoM meM RSabhadeva ke garbha, janma, bAlyAvasthA, yauvana tathA vivAha kA varNana hai| solahaveM meM bharatAdi santAnotpatti, prajA ke lie asi, 1. ji0ra0 ko0, pR0242-243, 460. 2. syAdvAda granthamAlA, indaura, vi0 saM0 1973-75, hindI anuvAda sahita / bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, bhAga 1-3, 1951-54.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa maSi, kRSi, vANijya, sevA aura zilpa ina chaha AjIvikAoM kA pratipAdana tathA kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina tIna vaNoM kI sthApanA kA varNana hai / 56 sattarahaveM meM vairAgya, dIkSA, aThArahaveM meM 6 mAha kI tapasyA, unnIsaveM meM dharaNendra dvArA nami, vinami ke lie vijayArdha kI nagariyoM kA pradAna, bIsaveM meM tapazcaraNa ke bAda ikSurasa AhAra grahaNa varNita hai / ikkIsaveM parva meM dhyAna kA, aura bAIsa se lekara paccIsa taka kevala jJAna prApti, samavasaraNa, pUjA-stuti Adi kA varNana hai / chabbIsaveM se lekara ar3atIsaveM taka 13 parvoM meM bharata cakravartI kI cakraratnaprApti se lekara digvijaya tathA nagara praveza ke pUrva bharata bAhubali yuddha, bAhubali kA vairAgya evaM dIkSA tathA bharata dvArA brAhmaNa varNa kI sthApanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / unatAlIsa se lekara ikatAlIsa taka tIna parvo meM vibhinna prakAra kI kriyAoM aura saMskAroM kA varNana hai / taiMtAlIsa se lekara saiMtAlIsa taka pA~ca parvoM meM jayakumAra aura sulocanA kI rocaka kathA dI gaI hai aura saiMtAlIsa ke anta meM yakumAra kA vairAgya, dIkSA, gaNadhara pada prApti tathA bharata kI dIkSA aura kevalajJAna prApti aura RSabhadeva kI kailAsa parvata para nirvANa prApti kI kathA dI gaI hai / jinasena ne apanI kRti ko 'purANa' aura 'mahAkAvya' donoM nAma se kahA hai / vAstava meM yaha na to brAhmaNoM ke viSNupurANa Adi jaisA purANa hai aura na zizupAlavadhAdi ke samAna mahAkAvya / yaha mahAkAvya ke bAhya lakSaNoM se sampanna eka paurANika mahAkAvya hai / AcArya ne purANa aura mahAkAvya donoM kI paribhASA ko parimArjita karate hue likhA haiM :- jisameM kSetra, kAla, tIrtha, satpuruSa aura unakI ceSTAoM kA varNana ho, braha purANa hai / isa prakAra ke purANa meM loka, deza, pura, rAjya, tIrtha, dAna-tapa, gati aura phala ina ATha bAtoM kA varNana honA cAhiye / ' purANa kA artha hai 'purAtanaM purANaM' - arthAt prAcIna hone se purANa kahA jAtA hai / purANa ke do bheda haiM- 'purANa' aura 'mahApurANa' / jisameM eka mahApuruSa ke carita kA varNana ho, vaha 'purANa' hai aura jisameM tirasaTha zalAkA 1. parva 1-21-25.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 57 puruSoM ke carita kA varNana rahatA hai vaha 'mahApurANa' kahalAtA hai| jo purANa kA artha hai vahI dharma hai-sa ca dharmaH purANArthaH / arthAt purANa meM dharmakathA kA prarUpaNa honA caahiye| mahAkAvya kI vyAkhyA karate hue jinasena kahatA hai ki jo prAcInakAla ke itihAsa se sambandha rakhanevAlA ho, jisameM tIrthakara, cakravartI Adi mahApuruSoM kA caritra citraNa ho tathA jo dharma, artha aura kAma ke phala ko dikhAne vAlA ho use 'mahAkAvya" kahate haiN| isa taraha parimArjita paribhASA dvArA purANa aura mahAkAvya ke bIca samanvaya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| AdipurANa ke vistRta kalevara meM hama purANa, mahAkAvya, dharmakathA, dharmazAstra, rAjanItizAstra, AcArazAstra aura yuga kI Adi vyavasthA ko sUcita karane vAle eka bRhat itihAsa ke darzana karate haiN| yaha AdipurANa diga0 jainoM kA eka aisA vizvakoza hai tathA eka prakAra se vaha saba kucha hai jo ki unheM jAnanA cAhiye / isameM aneka prakAra ke bhaugolika nAma, bahuraMgI samAja-racanA, sAMskRtika jIvana ke citra, nAnA goSThiyoM, nAnA prakAra kI kalAe~, Arthika evaM rAjanItika siddhAnta, dArzanika tathA dhArmika bAtoM kI vistAra ke sAtha sUcanA milatI hai| isa paurANika mahAkAvya meM hI sarva prathama garbhAdi 16 saMskAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| saMbhavataH brAhmaNa sampradAya ke anukaraNa para unhoMne apane mata ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie yaha vikalparUpa rakhA hai| sAhityika guNoM kI dRSTi se isake aneka khaNDa' saMskRta kAvya ke sundara udAharaNa hai| mahAkAvya ke nAyaka rUpa meM RSabhadeva ke atirikta bharata, bAhubali . Adi aneka pAtra haiM jinameM se anekoM caritroM kA acchA vikAsa huA hai / pUrvabhavoM ke nimitta se aneka avAntara kathAe~ dI gaI haiM jinameM kaI pAtroM ke caritroM kA acchA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| prakRti-citraNa isa kAvya meM pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM pracura mAtrA meM kiyA gayA hai| kahIM latAoM kA varNana hai to kahIM saritAoM aura parvata-mAlAoM kA / SaDRtu' varNana, candrodaya, sUryodaya, jalavihAra Adi prasaMgoM meM prakRticitraNa bar3e svAbhAvika rUpa meM huA hai| saundaryacitraNa meM kavi ne zAstrIya paddhati apanAyI hai aura marudevI tathA zrImatI Adi kA nakha se lekara zikhA taka varNana kiyA hai|' 1. vahI, 1.99. 2. vahI, 9.11, 12, 17, 26.148. 3. vahI, 3. 1. vahI, 6.69,70, 75.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rasayojanA kI dRSTi se isameM zRGgAra, karuNa, vIra, raudra evaM zAntarasa ke pramukha rUpa se darzana hote haiN| marudevI-nAbhirAya, zrImatI-vajrajaMgha, jaya kumArasulocanA Adi ke prasaMga meM saMyoga-zRGgAra kA sAGgopAGga citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isI taraha lalitAMga, zrImatI-vajrajaMgha ke prasaMga meM viyoga-zRGgAra kA varNana huA hai| zAntarasa to isa purANa kA pradhAna rasa hai| bharata-bAhubali aura jayakumAra aura arkakIrti ke prasaMga meM vIrarasa kA bhI pratipAdana huA hai| isa kAvya meM bhAva aura bhASA ko sajAne ke lie alaMkAroM kI yojanA bar3I cAturI se kI gayI hai / arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, parisaMkhyA, arthAntaranyAsa, kAvyaliMga, vyatireka Adi kA pracura mAtrA meM prayoga huA hai| jahA~-tahA~ kavi ne citrakAvya tathA yamakAdi zabdAlaMkAroM kA pracura prayoga kiyA hai| bhASA to prAMjala hai hI, use vyAvahArika banAne ke liye aneka subhASitoM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| yaha mahAkAvya apane kalpanA-prakarSa, citraNaprAcurya, padya-racanA kI dhArAvAhikatA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa aneka vidvAnoM dvArA prazaMsita huA hai| ___ AdipurANa kI racanA adhikAMzataH anuSTubha chanda meM huI hai, para parvAnta meM kaI chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kaI paryoM meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga dekhane lAyaka hai| isa dRSTi se 28vA~ parva vizeSa mahatva kA hai| kavi kA mAnoM chandoM para pUrNa Adhipatya thaa| usane 67 vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga isa kAvya meM kiyA hai| isa kRti kA pazcAtvartI aneka racanAoM ne anukaraNa kiyA hai| isa mahApurANa para bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti dvArA racita saMskRta TippaNa milate haiM jo prakAza meM A gaye haiN| lalitakIrti sambhavataH 18 vIM-19 vI ke bhaTTAraka the| 1. uttarapurANa ko prastAvanA (bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI), pRSTa 11-13. 2. bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI se prakAzita saMskaraNa meM ye TippaNa upayoga meM liye gaye haiM para kheda hai ki sampAdaka ne unakA paricaya nahIM diyaa| isa grantha kA paM0 daulatarAmajI, paM0 lAlArAmajI tathA paM0 pannAlAlajI sAhityAcArya ne hindI anuvAda kiyA hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya kavi-paricaya aura racanAkAla-isa mahApurANa ke racayitA do vyakti haiMjinasena aura unake ziSya guNabhadra / jinasena ko sammAna ke lie bhagavajinasena bhI kahA jAtA hai| mahApurANa ke anta meM koI prazasti nahIM dI gayI para uttarapurANa ke anta meM jo prazasti hai usase isa kavi ke jIvana kA thor3A paricaya milatA hai| inakI anyatama kRti jayadhavala TIkA se jJAta hotA hai ki ye bAlyakAla meM hI dIkSita ho gaye the, sarasvatI ke bar3e ArAdhaka the tathA zarIra se dubalepatale tathA AkRti se bhavya aura ramya nahIM the| kuzAgra buddhi, jJAnArAdhanA aura tapazcaryA se inakA vyaktitva mahanIya ho gayA thaa| inhoMne brAhmaNa smRtiyoM kA bahuta adhyayana kiyA thA isaliye yA svayaM brAhmaNa hone ke kAraNa smRtiyoM ke prabhAva se jainAcAra ko nayA mor3a diyA hai / jinasena mUlasaMgha ke paMcastUpAnvaya ke AcArya the| inake guru kA nAma vIrasena thA aura dAdAguru kA nAma Aryanandi / vIrasena ke eka gurubhAI jayasena the| jinasena ne apane AdipurANa meM inakA bhI smaraNa kiyA hai| jinasena ke sadharmI yA satIrtha dazaratha muni the| jinasena aura dazaratha ke ziSya guNabhadra hue jinhoMne mahApurANa ke zeSAMza aura uttarapura,Na kI racanA kii| apane sAhityika jIvana meM jinasena kA tIna sthAnoM se sambandha thA-citrakUTa, baMkApura aura vATagrAma / citrakUTa meM elAcArya kA nivAsa thA / jinase inake guru vIrasena ne siddhAnta grantha par3he the| citrakUTa vartamAna cittaur3a hai| vATagrAma meM rahakara inake guru ne dhavalA TIkA likhI thii| vATagrAma, vaTapadra nAmoM kA vidvAnoM ne bar3audA ke sAtha sAmya sthApita kiyA hai| baMkApura meM rahakara jinasena aura guNabhadra ne mahApurANa kI racanA kI thii| tatkAlIna rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa ( san 815-877 I0 ) jinasena kA bar3A bhakta thaa| usa samaya amoghavarSa kA rAjya kerala se lekara gujarAta, mAlavA aura citrakUTa taka phailA huA thaa| jinasena kA sambandha citrakUTa Adi ke sAtha hone se tathA amoghavarSa dvArA sammAnita hone se unake janma-sthAna kA anumAna mahArASTra aura karNATaka ke sImAvartI pradeza meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. uttarapurANa, prazasti, padya -20. 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (paM0 nAthUrAma premI), pR0 127-154, mahApurANa, prastAvanA, pR. 31-32. 3. uttarapurANa, prazasti, padya 9.

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60 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AdipurANa kI utthAnikA meM jinasena ne apane pUrvavartI muprasiddha kaviyoM aura vidvAnoM kA, unake vaiziSTaya ke sAtha, smaraNa kiyA hai-1. siddhasena, 2. samantabhadra 3. zrIdatta, 4. prabhAcandra, 5. zivakoTi. 6. jaTAcArya, 7. kANabhikSu, 8. deva (devanandi ), 9. bhaTTAkalaMka, 10. zrIpAla, 11. pAtrakesarI, 12. vAdisiMha, 13. vIrasena, 14. jayasena, 15. kaviparamezvara / isa grantha se isake racanAkAla kA patA nahIM calatA phira bhI anya pramANoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ye harivaMzapurANakAra dvitIya jinasena ke granthakartRtvakAla (zaka saM0 705 san 783) meM jIvita the| unakI khyAti pAzrvAbhyudaya racayitA' ke rUpa meM phailI thI / jinasena ne apane guru vIrasena kI adhUrI kRti jayadhavalA ko zaka saM0 759 (san 837 ) meM samApta kiyA thaa| usake bAda vRddhAvasthA kAla meM hI AdipurANa kI racanA prAraMbha kI thI jise samApta karane ke pUrva hI ve divaMgata ho gaye the| sva0 paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne anumAna kiyA hai ki unakA jIvana 80 varSa ke lagabhaga rahA hogA aura ve za0 saM0 685 (san 763) meM janme hoNge| jinasena dvitIya ke kAla (zaka saM0 705) meM ve 20-25 varSa ke lagabhaga rahe hoM, jayadhavalA kI samApti kAla meM 74 varSa aura prastuta purANa ke lagabhaga 10 hajAra zlokoM kI racanA ke samaya 80 yA usase kucha adhika rahe hoNge| inakI uparyukta tIna racanAoM ke atirikta aura koI kRti nahIM miltii| uttarapurANa-yaha purANa mahApurANa kA pUraka bhAga hai| isameM ajitanAtha se lekara 23 tIrthakaroM, sagara se lekara 11 cakravartiyoM, 9 baladevoM, 9 nArAyaNoM aura 9 pratinArAyaNoM tathA unake kAla meM honevAle jIvandhara Adi viziSTa puruSoM ke kathAnaka diye gaye haiN| avAntara kathAnakoM meM kaI to bar3e rocaka DhaMga se likhe gaye haiM jo pazcAdvartI anekoM kAvyoM ke upAdAna bane haiN| isameM AThave, solahaveM, bAIsave, teIsaveM aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkaroM ko chor3akara anya tIrthakaroM ke caritra atyanta saMkSepa meM diye gaye, parantu varNana zailI kA madhuratA se ve bhI rocaka 1. harivaMzapurANa, 1. 40. 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 141. 3. syAdvAda granthamAlA, indaura, saM. 1973-75 hi.a.sa.; bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1954.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 61 bana par3e haiN| avAntara kathAnakoM meM rAjA vasu aura parvata AkhyAna, abhayakumAra kA caritra tathA jIvandharacaritra bar3e hI manohara haiN| uttarapurANa ke 67 aura 68 ve paryoM meM rAmakathA dI gaI hai jo paumacariya (prA.) aura padmacaritra (saM.) meM varNita kathA se aneka bAtoM meM bhinna hai| isa purANa meM rAjA dazaratha, vArANasI ke rAjA the| rAma kI mAtA kA nAma subAlA aura lakSmaNa kI mAtA kA nAma kaikayI thaa| sItA mandodarI ke garbha se utpanna batAyI gaI hai jise rAvaNa ne aniSTakAriNI jAnakara peTI meM rakhakara mithilA meM jamIna ke andara gar3avA diyA thA aura vahAM se vaha rAjA janaka ko prApta huI thii| dazaratha pIche apanI rAjadhAnI ayodhyA le gaye the aura vahAM se rAma ne dazaratha kA nimaMtraNa pA sItA se vivAha kiyA thaa| rAma ke banavAsa kA vahAM koI ullekha nahIM hai| rAma sItA sahita apane pUrvajoM kI bhUmi dekhane banArasa gaye aura vahAM ke citrakUTa vana se rAvaNa ne sItA kA apaharaNa kiyA thaa| yahA~ sItA ke ATha putroM kA ullekha hai kintu lava-kuza kA nahIM, lakSmaNa kI mRtyu eka asAdhya roga ke kAraNa huI, rAma ne lakSmaNa ke putra ko rAjA banAyA tathA apane putra ko yuvarAja banAkara dIkSA lelI, Adi / yaha kathA pAli 'dazarathajAtaka' tathA adbhuta rAmAyaNa ke kucha anurUpa lagatI hai, para isakI anya vizeSa bAtoM kA patA lagAnA kaThina hai| isI taraha 71ve parva meM balarAma, zrIkRSNa, unakI ATha rAniyoM tathA pradyumna Adi ke bhavAntara diye gaye haiN| isameM jinasena (dvi0) ke harivaMzapurANa meM diye gaye kaI sthAnoM ke nAmoM tathA kathAnaka Adi meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai / isa uttarapurANa meM 48-76 taka 29 parva haiN| ati vistAra ke bhaya se, thor3e meM hI kathAe~ samApta karanA socakara kavi ne apane kavitva kA pradarzana nahIM kiyA hai aura kevala paune ATha hajAra zlokoM meM kathAbhAga ko pUrA kiyA hai| phira bhI bIca-bIca meM kitane hI subhASita A gye| isake pratiparva kI racanA anuSTubh chanda meM huI hai aura sargAnta meM chanda badala diye gaye haiN| isameM saba milAkara 16 prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| anuSTubha mAna se isakA granthapramANa 7778 zloka hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-grantha ke anta meM 43 padyoM kI vividha chandoM meM nirmita eka prazasti dI gaI hai jisake do bhAga haiM / prathama bhAga 1-27 taka ke lekhaka guNabhadra haiM tathA dUsare bhAga ke lekhaka unake ziSya lokasena / prathama bhAga meM

Page #75
62 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa grantha kartA ne apanI guruparamparA kA ullekha kiyA hai| tadanusAra ve mUlasaMgha senAnvaya meM hue vIrasena muni ke praziSya aura jinasena ke ziSya the| ukta prazasti se sUcanA milatI hai ki amoghavarSa jinasenakA bar3A bhakta thaa| usI prazasti meM mahApurANa aura uttarapurANa kA AdhAra kavi paramezvarakRta 'gadyakathAgrantha' batalAyA hai| guNabhadra ne likhA hai ki ati vistAra ke bhaya se aura atizaya hIna kAla ke anurodha se avaziSTa mahApurANa ko utane saMkSepa meM saMgraha kiyA hai| granthakartA ne kahIM bhI grantha samApti kA kAla nahIM diyaa| prazasti ke dUsare bhAga meM unake ziSya lokasena ne likhA hai ki jaba rASTrakUTa akAlavarSa ke sAmanta lokAditya baMkApura rAjadhAnI se sAre vanavAsa deza kA zAsana kara rahe the taba zaka saM. 820 kI zrAvaNa kRSNA paMcamI ke dina isa purANa kI bhavyajanoM dvArA pUjA kI gii| aba taka vidvAnoM ne zaka saM0 820 ko grantha samApti kA saMvat mAnA thA jo galata hai| sva0 paM0 premI ke mata se uttarapurANa kI samApti jinasena ke divaMgata hone arthAt za0 saM0 765 ke anatikAla bAda pAMca-sAta varSo meM arthAt lagabhaga 770 yA 772 honI cAhiye / ' ___ guNabhadra kI anya kRtiyoM meM 272 padyoM kA AtmAnuzAsana nAmaka grantha milatA hai jo vairAgyazataka kI zailI meM likhA gayA hai / kucha vidvAn jinadattacaritra ( 9 sarga) ko bhI inakI racanA batAte haiN| para lagatA hai ki yaha kisI pazcAtkAlIna bhaTTAraka guNabhadra kI racanA hai|' purANasAra-isameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| yaha saMkSipta racanAoM meM prAcIna racanA hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA lATa bAgar3asaMgha aura balAtkAra gaNa ke AcArya zrInandi ke ziSya muni zrIcandra haiN| inhoMne isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1080 meM samApta kI thii| inakI anya kRtiyoM meM mahAkavi puSpadanta ke mahApurANa para TippaNa tathA zivakoTi kI mUlArAdhanA para TippaNa haiN| 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 141-142. 2. vahI, pR0 565, 3. vahI, pR0 287.

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63 paurANika mahAkAvya ina granthoM ke pIche prazasti dI gaI hai jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki ye saba grantha prasiddha paramAra nareza bhojadeva ke samaya meM dhArA meM rahakara likhe gaye the / purANasArasaMgraha' - prastuta grantha meM AdinAtha, candraprabha, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke caritra saMkalita haiM / AdinAtha caritra meM 5 sarga, candraprabha meM 1 sarga, zAntinAtha caritra meM 6 sarga, neminAtha caritra meM 5 sarga, pArzvanAtha caritra meM 5 sarga, mahAvIra caritra meM 5 sarga - isa taraha isameM 27 sarga haiM / inameM se kevala dasa sargoM ke antima puSpikA vAkyoM meM grantha kA nAma purANasAra saMgraha diyA gayA hai, bAraha meM purANasaMgraha, do meM mahApurANe - purANasaMgrahe, eka maiM mahApurANa saMgraha aura eka meM kevala mahApurANa aura tIna meM kevala arthAkhyAnasaMgraha sUcita kiyA gayA hai / 2 isake racayitA dAmanandi kI aneka kRtiyoM meM caturviMzatitIrthakara purANa nAma se eka kRti zravaNa belagolA ke bhaTTAraka ke nijI bhaNDAra meM hai / ' luisa rAisa ne apanI maisUra aura kurga kI hastalikhita grantha-sUcI meM prastuta racanA aura ukta purANa donoM racanAoM ko abhinna sUcita kiyA hai / prastuta grantha ke ukta puSpikA vAkyoM se pratIta hotA hai ki lekhaka ne bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM zanaiH-zanaiH cobIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra-nibaddha kiye| unakI racanA ke samaya granthakAra ne pUre grantha kA koI eka nAma nizcita nahIM kiyA thA, isaliye kisI sarga ke anta meM koI nAma diyA aura kisI meM koI / isaliye pratIta hotA hai ki grantha pUrNa hone para pUre grantha kA nAma caturviMzatitIrthaMkarapurANa yA mahApurANa prasiddha huA hogA aura sargAnta vAkyoM ke AdhAra para vaha arthAkhyAnasaMgraha, arthAkhyAnasaMyuta, purANasArasaMgraha, yA purANa-saMgraha bhI kahalAtA rhaa| kisI kAraNavaza ukta pUre grantha meM se ukta caritra nikAla kara unakA pRthak saMkalana bhI pracAra meM A gayA hogA aura usakI prasiddhi 'purANasaMgraha' nAma se hI prAyaH huI hogii| racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isa grantha ke racayitA dAmanandi AcArya haiM, aisA aneka sargoM ke anta meM diye gaye puSpikA vAkyoM se jJAta hotA hai / sAhitya aura 1. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se 1954 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita (saM0 aura anu0 DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI ) / 2. ji0 20 ko0, pR0 252. 3. ji0 20 ko 0, pR0 116.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zilAlekha Adi se dAmanandi nAma ke kaI AcAryoM kA patA calatA hai| sabakA samaya 11vIM se 13 zatAbdI taka ke bIca hai| karnATaka pradeza ke cikahanasoge tAluke meM prApta kaI zilAlekhoM meM dAmanandi kA ullekha milatA hai| jinase jJAta hotA hai ki dAmanandi bhaTTAraka kA aura unakI ziSya-paramparA kA hanasoge (panasoge) ke caGgAlva tIrtha kI samasta vasadiyoM ( jinAlayoM) meM tathA pAsa-par3osa kI vasadiyoM meM pUrNa ekAdhikAra thaa| hanasoge meM cAra prasiddha basadiyA~ thIM-AdIzvara, zAntIzvara, nemIzvara aura ninavasadi / antima jinavasadi meM tIna svataMtra khaNDa the jinameM kramazaH candraprabha, pArzvanAtha evaM vardhamAna pratimAe~ mUla nAyaka ke sthAna para pratiSThita thii| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ye dAmanandi bhaTTAraka hI ukta caturviMzatitIrthaMkarapurANa ke racayitA the aura sthAnIya mahattva kI dRSTi se isa mahApurANa meM se upayukta chaH tIrthakaroM ke caritra saMkalita karake eka pRthaka grantha ke rUpa meM unhoMne yA unake ziSyoM ne prasiddha kara diye / sambhavataH yahI (prastuta) vaha kathita purANasArasaMgraha hai| zAntinAthacaritra ke apekSAkRta adhika vistAra ko evaM sargAnta vAkyoM ko tathA usake antima sarga ke antima padya ko dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki grantha racayitA kA sthAyI nivAsa hanasoge (panasoge) kI zAntIzvara vasadi hI thaa| vahIM unhoMne apane grantha kI racanA kii| bhagavAn zAntinAtha ke ve vizeSa bhakta rahe pratIta hote haiM / ina dAmanandi kA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke lagabhaga par3atA hai| ___ DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina kI mAnyatAnusAra ye dAmanandi eka dUsare dAmanandi arthAt ravicandra ke ziSya bhI ho sakate haiM jinakA samaya lagabhaga 1025 I0 hai / ye caturviMzatipurANa, jinazataka (zloka saM0 4000) nAmaka stuti-stotra-saMgraha, nAgakumAracaritra, dhanyakumAracaritra tathA dAnasAra ( zloka saM0 3000)ina pA~ca granthoM ke racayitA haiM / DA0 jaina ne anumAna kiyA hai ki ye hI dAmanandi eka mahAvAdI viSNubhaTTa ko parAjita karane vAle the tathA AyajJAnatilaka ke racayitA bhaTTa vosari ke guru the tathA apane samaya ke prabhAvaka AcArya the| purANasAra nAma se kucha anya racanAe~ milatI haiM jinameM bha0 sakalakIrti kRta gadyAtmaka hai aura dUsarI ajJAtakartRka hai| 1. jai0zi0 le0 saM0 bhA0 2, naM0 223, 239, 241. 2. jaina sandeza, zodhAMka 22, bhA0 di0 jai0 saM0 mathurA, akTU. 1965. 3. ji0 ra0 ko0, pR. 116, 252.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 65 mahApurANa-isake apara nAma 'triSaSTimahApurANa' yA 'triSaSTizalAkApurANa' haiN| isakA parimANa do hajAra zlokoM kA hai jisameM tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM kI saMkSipta kathA hai / racanA sundara aura prasAda guNa yukta hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA muni malliSeNa haiN| mahApurANa meM racanA kA samaya zaka saM0 969 (vi0 saM0 1104) jyeSTha sudI 5 diyA gayA hai| isalie malliSeNa vikrama kI 11vIM ke anta aura 12vIM sadI ke prAraMbha ke vidvAn haiN| malliSeNa kI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai : ajitasena (gaMganareza rAyamalla aura senApati cAmuNDarAya ke guru ) ke ziSya kanakasena, kanakasena ke jinasena aura unake ziSya maliSeNa / ye eka bar3e maThapati the aura kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha bar3e maMtravAdI the| dhAravAr3a jile ke mulagunda meM inakA maTha thA vahIM ukta mahApurANa likhA gayA thaa| inakI anya kRtiyoM meM nAgakumArakAvya, bhairavapadmAvatI-kalpa, sarasvatImaMtrakalpa, jvAlinIkalpa aura kAmacANDAlIkalpa milate haiN| triSaSTismRtizAstra-isameM 63 zalAkA mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacarita atisaMkSipta rUpa meM diye gaye haiN| yaha bhagavajjinasena aura guNabhadra ke mahApurANa kA sAra hai / yaha grantha khAMDilyavaMzI jAjAka nAmaka paNDita kI prArthanA aura preraNA se nitya svAdhyAya karane ke lie racA gayA thaa| isake par3hane se mahApurANa kA sArA kathA bhAga smRti gocara ho jAtA hai| granthakAra ne TippaNI rUpa meM isapara svopajJa 'paMjikA' TIkA likhI hai| sampUrNa racanA ko 24 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai aura isa grantha kA pramANa 480 zloka hai| samasta grantha kI racanA sulalita anuSTupa chandoM meM kI gaI hai| granthakartA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA prasiddha paM0 AzAdhara haiN| ye vadheravAla jAti ke jaina the tathA prasiddha dhArA nagarI ke samIpa nalakacchapura (nAlachA) ke nivAsI the| inhoMne lagabhaga 19 granthoM kI racanA kI hai unameM kaI prApta haiM aura prakAzita haiM aura kaI aba taka anupalabdha haiN| kAvyagranthoM meM inake - 1. ji0 20 koza, pR0 163 aura 305, jaina0 sA. aura itihAsa, pR. 314-3.9. 2. mANikyacandra di0 jai0 pra0 mA0 bambaI, 1930; jinaratnakoza, pR0 165.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 1. bharatezvarAbhyudaya kAvya svopajJaTIkA sahita, 2. rAjImatIvipralambha tathA 3. triSaSTismRtizAstra haiN| zeSa zrAvaka-muni AcAra, stotra, pUjA, vidhAna tathA TIkAe~ haiN| inake granthoM kI prazastiyA~ paramAravaMzI rAjAoM ke itihAsa-kAla jAnane ke lie bar3I upayogI haiN| isa grantha ke anta meM jo prazasti dI gaI hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki isakI racanA paramAranareza jaitugideva ke rAjyakAla meM vikrama saM0 1292 meM nalakacchapura ke neminAtha mandira meM huI thii| AdipurANa-uttarapurANa-AdipurANa ko 'RSabhadevacarita' tathA 'RSabhanAthacarita' nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM bIsa sarga haiN| uttarapurANa kA vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM mila sakA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-ina donoM kRtiyoM ke lekhaka bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti haiN| inakA paricaya inakI anyatama kRti harivaMzapurANa ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| tirasaTha mahApuruSoM ke carita se saMbaMdhita kezavasena (saM0 1688) aura prabhAcandra ke karNAmRtapurANa bhI ullekhanIya haiN| rAyamallAbhyudaya-isameM caubIsa tIrthakaroM kA caritra mahApurANa ke anusAra diyA gayA hai| yaha abataka aprakAzita hai tathA hastalikhita prati ke rUpa meM khaMbhAta ke kalyANacandra jaina pustaka bhaNDAra meM hai| patra saMkhyA 105 hai| yaha grantha akabara ke darabArI seTha caudharI rAyamalla ( agravAla diga0) kI abhyarthanA aura preraNA se racA gayA thA, isaliye isakA nAma 'rAyamallAbhyudaya' rakhA gyaa| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA upAdhyAya padmasundara haiM joki nAgaura tapAgaccha ke bahuta bar3e vidvAn the| unake guru kA nAma padmameru aura praguru kA Anandameru thaa| padmasundara apane yuga ke prabhAvaka AcArya the / 1. vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 343-358. 2. ji0 20 ko0, pR0 28. . 3. vahI, pR0 42. 4. vahI, pR0 68. 5. isakA paricaya pro0 pITara piTarsana ne jarnala Apha rAyala eziyATika sosA iTI, bambaI brAMca (eksTrA naM0 saM0 1887 ) meM vistAra se diyA hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya bAdazAha akabara ke darabAra meM 33 hindU sabhAsadoM ke pA~ca vibhAgoM meM se unakA nAma prathama vibhAga meM thaa| unane akabara ke darabAra meM eka mahApaNDita ko bAda-vivAda meM parAsta bhI kiyA thA aura sammAnita hue the| jodhapura ke hindU nareza mAladeva ne bhI inakA sammAna kiyA thaa| 'akabarazAhi-zRMgAradarpaNa' kI prazasti se mAlUma hotA hai ki padmasundara ke dAdAguru Anandameru kA akabara ke pitA humAyU aura pitAmaha bAbara ke darabAra meM bar3A sammAna thaa| padmasundara bar3e hI udArabuddhi the| unhoMne digambara sampradAya ke rAyamalla ke anurodha para ukta grantha kI hI nahIM balki pArzvanAthakAvya kI bhI racanA kI hai| ukta donoM granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM rAyamalla ke vaMza kA paricaya tathA kASThAsaMgha ke AcAryoM kI guru-paramparA dI gaI hai / padmasundara ne kaI grantha likhe the : bhaviSyadattacarita, rAyamallAbhyudaya, pArzvanAthakAvya, pramANasundara, sundara prakAza zabdArNava ( koSa), zRMgAradapaNa, jambUcarita (prAkRta), hAyanasundara (jyotiSa) aura kaI laghu kRtiyoN| ye samasta racanAe~ unhoMne vi0 saM0 1626 aura 1639 ke bIca racI thiiN| unakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1639 meM huA thaa|' cauppannamahApurisacariya-isa carita' meM kevala 54 mahApuruSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya meM mahApuruSoM ke sambaMdha meM do mAnyatAe~ haiN| samavAyAMga sUtra ke 246 se 275 ve sUtra taka 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM para 9 prativAsudevoM ko chor3a zeSa 54 ko hI sUtra saM0 132 meM 'uttamapuruSa' kahA gayA hai / isa carita meM bhI 9 prativAsudevoM ko chor3akara zeSa 54 ko hI 'uttamapuruSa' kahA gayA hai| para caritra pratipAdana kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to isameM 51 mahApuruSoM kA hI varNana hai kyoMki zAnti, kunthu aura aranAtha ye tIna nAma tIrthakara aura cakravartiyoM-donoM meM sAmAnya haiN| itanA hI nahIM, viSaya-sUcI dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki vAstavika carita 40 hI raha jAte haiM kyoMki pitAputra, agraja-anuja ke sambaMdha se kucha carita sAtha-sAtha diye gaye haiM isalie viziSTa caritoM kI saMkhyA 40 zeSa raha jAtI hai| 1. anekAnta, varSa 4 aM0 8, agaracandra nAhaTA-'upAdhyAya padmasundara aura unake grantha' tathA vahI, varSa 10 aM0 1 'kavi padmasundara aura zrAvaka rAyamalla'; nAthUrAma premI-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 395.403. 2. prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI, vArANasI, san 1961.

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68 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa mahApuruSoM ke samudita caritra ko prAkRta bhASA meM varNana karanevAle upalabdha granthoM meM isa grantha kA sarvaprathama sthAna hai| saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAoM meM ekakartRka kI dRSTi se bhI yaha grantha sarvapradhAna hai| saMskRta meM isake pUrva 'mahApurANa' milatA hai para vaha bhI ekakartRka nahIM hai| isakI pUrti jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne kI thii| isa grantha kA zlokaparimANa 10800 hai| yaha eka gadya-padyamizrita racanA hai / prAraMbha meM RSabhadeva carita ke madhya eka 'vibudhAnandanATaka' (saMskRtaprAkRtamizrita ) diyA gayA hai aura yatra-tatra apabhraMza ke subhASita bhI diye gaye haiN| dezI zabdoM kA bhI prayoga ucita mAtrA meM huA hai| lekhaka ne kathAvastu ke pUrva srotoM ke rUpa meM AcAryaparamparA dvArA prApta prathamAnuyoga kA nirdeza kiyA hai para unake samakSa zAyada hI prathamAnuyoga rahA ho / granthakAra ne pUrvavartI racanAoM se kathAvastu grahaNa kI hai parantu usameM bhI kaI bAtoM meM bhinnatA pratIta hotI hai| udAharaNa ke lie rAmakathA ko hI leN| adhikAMza varNana to vimalasUri racita paumacariyaM ke samAna hai para kucha bAtoM meM bheda hai yathA-rAvaNa kI bahina ko pauyacariyaM meM candranakhA kahA hai to yahA~ usakA nAma sUpanakhA, paumacariyaM meM rAvaNa lakSmaNa ke svara meM siMhanAda karake rAma ko dhokhA detA hai kintu yahA~ suvarNamaya mAyAmRga kA prayogakara, yahAM rAma ke hAtha se bAli kA vadha batAyA gayA hai jabaki paumacariyaM meM dIkSA lenA / ina bAtoM se lagatA hai ki isa racanA para vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kA adhika prabhAva hai| vaise grantha ke anta meM zIlAMka ne spaSTataH kahA hai ki rAma-lakSmaNa kA caritra paumacariyaM meM vistAra se varNita hai| isa grantha ke 40 caritroM meM 21 carita to kathAoM ke ati saMzcita noTa jaise lagate haiN| kaI to 5-7 paMktiyoM meM yA Adhe-pauna pRSTha meM aura adhika se adhika eka yA savA pRSTha meM samApta kiye gaye haiN| kevala 19 caritra anekoM vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa vistRta hue haiM-jaise mahApuruSa ke krama se 1.2. RSabhabharata carita, 30-31. zAntinAtha carita (tIrtha0 cakra0), 41. mallisvAmi aura 53. pAvasvAmicarita-ina cAra caritroM meM kathAnAyaka ke pUrvabhavoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| 7. sumati svAmicarita pUrva bhava kI kathA tathA zubhAzubha karma vipAka ke lambe upadeza ke kAraNa vistAra se varNita hai / 4. sagaracarita,

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paurANika mahAkAvya 29. sanatkumAracarita, 38. subhUmacarita, 49-50-51 neminAtha-kRSNa-baladevacarita, 52. brahmadattacakravarti, tathA 54. vardhamAnasvAmicarita-ina cha: caritroM meM kathAnAyakoM ke vividha prasaMgoM kA vistAra hai| 3. ajitasvAmicarita, 17-18. dvipRSTha-vijayacarita, 20-21 svayambhU-bhadrabaladevacaritra, 34-35 arasvAmi (tIrtha-cakra0 )-carita-ina cAra caritroM meM avAntara kathAoM ke kAraNa vistAra kiyA gayA hai| 14-15. tripRSTha-acalacaritra meM siMhavadha-ghaTanA ke atirikta mukhya rUpa se pUrvabhavoM ke vRttAnta ke kAraNa vistAra huA hai| 5. saMbhavacarita, 8 padmaprabhacarita 10. candraprabhacaritra-ina tIna caritoM meM kramazaH karmabandha, deva-naraka gati tathA narakoM se sambaddha upadeza hI adhika haiM, carita to eka tAlikA mAtra hI raha gae haiN| ___isameM samAgata varuNavarmakathA, vijayAcAryakathA aura municandrakathAina tIna avAntara kathAoM kI tathA brahmadattacakravarti carita ke adhikAMza bhAga kI racanAzailI AtmakathAtmaka hai / anya carita-granthoM se isameM vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM sarvaprathama hameM nATaka rUpa meM avAntara kathA race jAne kA namUnA milatA hai| isa kAvya kA pazcAtkAlIna saMskRta-prAkRta kaI kAvyoM para prabhAva hai| sAMskRtika sAmagrI kI dRSTi se isameM yuddha, vivAha, janma evaM utsavoM ke varNana meM tatkAlIna prathAoM aura rIti-rivAjoM ke acche ullekha milate haiN| isameM citrakalA aura saMgItakalA kI acchI sAmagrI dI gaI hai| isakI bhASA, zailI Adi mahAkAvya ke anurUpa hI haiN| granthakAra aura unakA samaya-isa carita grantha ke racayitA ne apanI pahacAna tIna nAmoM se dI hai.-1. zIlAMka yA sIlaMka, 2. vimalamati aura 3. sIlAcariya / grantha ke anta meM pA~ca gAthAoM kI eka prazasti dI gaI hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki ye nivRtti kula ke AcArya mAnadevasUri ke ziSya the| lagatA hai AcArya pada prApta karane ke pUrva aura usake bAda granthakAra kA nAma kramazaH vimalamati aura zIlAcArya rahA hogaa| 'zIlAMka' to upanAma jaisA pratIta hotA hai jo saMbhavataH unakI anya racanAoM meM bhI prayukta huA ho / 1. prastAvanA, pR0 52-54.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dezInAmamAlA meM hemacandra dvArA prayukta kucha uddharaNoM se pratIta hotA hai ki zIlAMka racita koI 'dezI nAmamAlA' yA 'dezI zabdakoza' kI TIkA rahI hogI / vaise zIlAMka nAma ke anya bhI AcArya ho gaye haiM para unakI AgamaviSayaka hI racanAe~ haiM / bRhaTTippanikA meM 'cauppanna mahApurisacariyaM' kA racanA- samaya vi0 saM0 925 diyA hai / ye zIlAcArya apane samakAlIna zIlAcArya aparanAma tatvAditya se bhinna haiM / tattvAditya ne AcArAMga tathA sUtrakRtAMga para vRtti likhI thI / 70 1 gayA hai / yaha kRti kahAvali ---- isa grantha' meM tirasaTha mahApuruSoM kA caritra varNita hai| isakI racanA prAkRta gadya meM kI gaI hai para yatra-tatra padya bhI pAye jAte haiM / grantha meM kisI prakAra ke adhyAyoM kA vibhAga nahIM / kathAoM ke Arambha meM 'rAmakahA bhaNNa', 'vANarakA bhaNNaI' Adi rUpa se nirdeza mAtra kara diyA pazcAt kAlIna triSaSTizalAkApuruSa mahAcarita ( hemacandra ) Adi racanAoM kA AdhAra hai / isake aitihAsika bhAga 'therAvalIcariyaM' kI sAmagrI kA hemacandra ne 'pariziSTa parva' aparanAma ' sthavirAvalIcarita' meM upayoga kiyA hai| isameM rAmAyaNa kI kathA vimalasUrikRta 'paumacariyaM' kA anusaraNa karatI hai para yahA~vahA~ kucha pheraphAra kiyA gayA hai, jaise sItA ke gRha nirvAsa prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jaba sItA garbhavatI huI to use svapna meM dikhA ki usake do parAkramI putra hoMge / svapna kI yaha bAta sapatniyoM ke liye IrSyA kA viSaya hA gaI aura unhoMne chala se rAma ke Age use badanAma karanA caahaa| unhoMne sItA se rAvaNa kA citra banAne kA Agraha kiyA / sItA ne yaha kahate hue ki usane rAvaNa ke mukhAdi aMga to dekhe nahIM, kevala usake pairoM kA citra banA diyaa| isapara sapatniyoM ne lAMchana lagAyA ki vaha rAvaNa para anurakta hai aura usIke caraNoM kA vandana karatI hai| rAma ne yadyapi isapara tatkAla koI dhyAna nahIM diyA para sapatniyoM ne janatA meM jaba apavAda phailAnA zurU kiyA to rAma ko vivaza hokara use nirvAsita karanA par3A / rAvaNa ke citra kI ghaTanA hemacandra ne apane triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM bhI dI hai| 1. isakA sampAdana u0 pra0 zAha gAya0 bhori0 si0 bar3audA ke lie kara rahe haiM /

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paurANika mahAkAvya kartA evaM racanAkAla-isa mahattvapUrNa kRti ke racayitA bhadrezvarasUri haiN| ye abhayadevasUri ke guru the| abhayadeva ke ziSya ASADha kA samaya vi0 saM0 1248 hai / ataH bhadrezvara kA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke AsapAsa mAna sakate haiN| parantu isa grantha kI bhASA cUrNiyoM kI bhASA ke bahuta samIpa hai| sampAdaka ne dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki kahAvali grantha 12vIM zatAbdI se bahuta pahale kA hai| ukta grantha ke sthavirAvalI ke aMza meM nimna avataraNa 'jo uNa mallavAI va puvvagayAvagahI khamApahANo samaNo so khamA samaNo nAma jahA Aso iha saMpayaM devalAya (devaloyaM) gao jiNabhadi (6) gaNi khamAsamaNo tti rayi yAiM ca teNa visesAvassaya visesaNavaI satthANi jesu kevala nANadassaNaviyArAvasare payaDiyAbhippAo siddhasena divaayro|' se jJAta hotA hai ki jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa saMpayaM ( isI samaya ) devaloka ko gaye haiN| isase kahAvali ko jinabhadra se ekadama chaH zatAbdI pIche nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| jinabhadra ke bahuta khyAtiprApta hone se unake liye sAmprata zabda do zatAbdI pUrva taka ke liye laga sakatA hai| isalie kahAvali ko AThavIM ke bAda kI racanA kahanA ucita na hogaa|' cauppannamahApurisacariya-yaha prAkRta bhASAnibaddha graMtha 103 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| isakA mukhya chanda gAthA hai| isakA zloka-parimANa 10050 hai jisameM 8735 gAthAe~ aura 100 itara vRtta haiN| yaha graMtha aba taka aprakAzita hai| isameM bhI cauvana mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA varNana hai| graMtha-samApti para upasaMhAra meM kahA gayA hai ki 54 meM 9 prativAsudevoM ko jor3ane se tirasaTha zalAkApuruSa banate haiN| isameM tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSiNiyoM kA ullekha hai jo prAcInatama graMthoM meM nahIM milatA ataH sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki yaha graMtha zIlAMka ke cauppannama0 ke bAda racA gayA hogaa| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA Amra kavi haiN| graMtha ke prArambha aura anta meM graMthakAra ne apane lie amma zabda ke atirikta koI vizeSa pari 1. jaina satyaprakAza, bhAga 17, saM0 4, janavarI 1959 meM u0 pra0 zAha kA lekha, Ala iNDiyA ori0 kA0 varSa 20 bhAga 2 ke pR0 147 meM bhI sampAdaka kA ukta abhiprAya aMkita hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa cAyaka sAmagrI nahIM dI hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki vi0 saM0 1190 meM racita 'AkhyAnakamaNikoza' vRttikAra Amradeva aura isa carita ke racayitA eka hI haiM para ukta vRtti meM amma aura Amradeva ke abhinna hone kA koI AdhAra nahIM milatA hai| isa graMtha kI anumAnataH 16vIM zatAbdI kI hastalikhita prati khambhAta ke vinayanemisUrIzvara-zAstrasaMgraha meM upalabdha hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita-isa mahAcarita meM jainoM ke kathAnaka, itihAsa, paurANika kathAe~, siddhAnta evaM tattvajJAna kA saMgraha hai| yaha sampUrNa grantha 10 paryo meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka parva anekoM sargoM meM vibhakta haiN| isa graMtha kI AkRti 36000 zlokapramANa hai| mahAsAgara samAna isa vizAla graMtha kI racanA hemacandrAcArya ne apanI uttarAvasthA meM kI thii| unakI sudhAvarSiNI vANI kA gaurava aura mAdhurya isa kAvya meM svayaM anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai| samakAlIna sAmAnika, dhArmika aura dArzanika praNAliyoM kA pratibimba isa vizAla grantha meM anekoM sthaloM meM dekha sakate haiN| isa prakAra se isameM gujarAta ke usa samaya kA samAja aura usakA mAnasa acchI taraha pratibimbita huA hai| isa dRSTi se tri0 za0 pu0 ca0 kA mahattva hemacandrAcArya kI kRtiyoM meM viziSTa hai| inake 'dvayAzraya' meM jitanA vaividhya dRSTigocara hotA hai use adhika isa graMtha meM hotA hai / tirasaTha-zalAkA-puruSoM kA carita 10 paryoM meM isa prakAra samAviSTa hai :1 parva meM AdIzvara prabhu aura bharatacakrI / 2 parva meM ajitanAtha tathA sagaracakrI / 3 parva meM sambhavanAtha se lekara zItalanAtha taka ATha tIrthaMkaroM kA carita / 1. prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI, vArANasI se prakAzita bhAkhyAnakamaNikoza' kI __ bhUmikA, pR0 42. 2. jena bhAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1906-13. 3. jinamaNDana ne 'kumArapAlacarita' meM isako 36000 zlokapramANa likhA hai, muni puNyavijaya 32000 zlokapramANa batalAte haiM, pro0 yAkobI ne 37000 zlokapramANa batalAyA hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya 4 parva meM zreyAMsanAtha se lekara dharmanAtha taka pA~ca tIrthakara, pA~ca bAsudeva, pA~ca prativAsudeva aura pA~ca baladeva tathA. do cakravartI-maghavA aura sanatkumAra isa prakAra saba milA kara 22 mahApuruSoM kA carita / __ 5 parva meM zAntinAtha kA carita / ye eka hI bhava meM tIrthakara aura cakravartI donoM the| unake do carita ginatI meM Aye / 6 parva meM kunthunAtha se munisuvrata taka cAra tIrthakara, cAra cakravartI, do vAsudeva, do baladeva tathA do prativAsudeva-ina 14 mahApuruSoM kA carita / unameM bhI kunthunAtha aura aranAtha usI bhava meM cakravartI hue the| unakI do cakravartiyoM ke rUpa meM bhI ginatI kI jAtI hai| 7 parva meM neminAtha, 103-11veM cakravartI hariSeNa aura jaya tathA AThaveM baladeva, vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva-rAma, lakSmaNa tathA rAvaNa-ke carita milAkara 6 mahApuruSoM ke carita / isa parva kA adhika bhAga rAmacandra Adi ke carita kA varNana karatA hai / ise jaina rAmAyaNa athavA padmacarita bhI kahate haiM / 8 parva meM neminAtha tIrthakara tathA navama vAsudeva, baladeva aura prativAsudevakRSNa, balabhadra aura jarAsaMdha ko milAkara 4 mahApuruSoM ke carita / pANDava-kaurava bhI neminAtha ke samakAlIna the| unake carita bhI isa parva meM A gaye haiN| isa parva kI kathAvastu jaina harivaMzapurANa ke rUpa meM bhI kahI jAtI hai| diga0 AcArya jinasena kA saMskRta meM racA harivaMzapurANa khUba prakhyAta hai| isake uparAMta kaviyoM meM svayaMbhU, dhavala Adi ne mI apanI kuzala lekhanI isa viSaya para calAI hai| 9 parva meM pArzvanAtha tIrthakara aura brahmadatta nAmaka bArahaveM cakravartI ke carita / 10 parva meM bhaga0 mahAvIra kA jIvanacarita hai| anya parvo kI apekSA yaha parva bahuta bar3A hai / sampUrNa parva meM kula 13 sarga haiM aura granthakAra kI prazasti hai / isa parva meM zreNika, koNika, sulasA, abhayakumAra, ceTakarAja, hallavihalla, meghakumAra, nandiSeNa, celanA, durgandhA, ArdrakumAra, RSabhadatta, devanandA, jamAli, zatAnIka, caNDapradyota, mRgAvatI, yAsAsAsA, Ananda Adi daza zrAvaka, gozAlaka, hAlIka, prasannacandra, dardurAGkadeva, gautamasvAmI, puNDarIka-kaMDarIka, aMbaDa, dazArNabhadra, dhannA-zAlibhadra, rauhiNeya, udayana zatAnIka-putra, antima rAjarSi

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa udAyana, prabhAvatI, kapilakevalI, kumAranandi sonI, udAyi, kulavAluka aura kumArapAla rAjA Adi ke caritra aura prabandha bahuta prabhAvaka rUpa meM varNita haiM / inameM bhI zreNika, koNika, abhayakumAra, ArdrakumAra, daddurAGkadeva, antima rAjarSi udAyana aura gozAlaka Adi ke vRttAnta bahuta vistAra se diye gaye haiM / inameM se kaI aMza anya granthoM meM alasya haiM / pA~caveM aura chaThe ArA ( kAla ) kA tathA utsarpiNI kAla meM Ane vAlA vRttAnta bhI bar3e vistAra se AyA hai / ina aura anya aneka bAtoM se paripUrNa yaha carita hai / 74 tri0 za0 pu0 ca0 meM tatkAlIna aneka sAmAjika citra dRSTigocara hote haiM yathA RSabhadeva ke vivAha prasaMga meM hemacandrAcArya ne samakAlIna prathAe~ aura rIti rasmeM dI haiM / ' dhArmika dRSTi se isakI mahattA daza parvoM meM alaga-alaga tIrthakaroM kI dezanA dvArA jaina siddhAntoM ke vivecana se jJAta hotI hai| isameM nayoM kA svarUpa, kSetrasamAsa, jIvavicAra, karmasvarUpa, AtmA kA astitva, bAraha bhAvanA, saMsAra se virakti Adi kA sarala aura cittAkarSaka bhASA meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / " do vibhAga likhA huaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI tri0 za0 pu0 ca0 ke dazaveM parva ke atyanta upayogI haiM / eka to kumArapAla ke bhaviSya kathana rUpa meM carita aura dUsarA grantha ko antima prazasti / antya prazasti kI kaI bAteM to prakaraNa ke prArambha meM dI gaI haiM parantu akhila prazasti aitihAsika dRSTi se atyanta upayogI hai / 10veM parva ke 12 veM sarga meM kumArapAla ke carita kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / usameM pATana kA, kumArapAla kA, usake rAjyavistAra kA, jinapratimA ke prAsAda kA tathA dUsarI aneka bAtoM kA varNana AyA hai / rAjyavistAra kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki : 1 'sa kauberImAturuSkamaindrImAtridazApagAm / yAmyAmA vindhyamAmbhodhiM pazcimAM sAdhayiSyati' / / " 1. parva 1 sa0 2. 796-804. 2. gujarAtI bhASAntara parva 1-2 kI prastAvanA, pR0 3. parva 10, sa0 12, zlo0 37-96. 3. 4. vahI, zlo0 52.

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paurANika mahAkAvya arthAt vaha rAjA uttara dizA meM turuSka deza taka, pUrva meM gaMgA nadI taka, dakSiNa meM vindhyagiri taka aura pazcima meM samudra paryanta pRthvI kA zAsana kregaa| kAvya aura zabdazAstra kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kAvya bar3e mahattva kA hai| yaha prasAda-guNa vyApta hai| alaMkAroM aura kavi-kalpanAoM tathA zabda-mAdhurya se vyApta hai| isameM sarala para gaurava pUrNa bhASA hai| isa grantha ko par3hane se zabdazAstra, chandazAstra, alaMkArazAstra, tattvajJAna, paurANika kathA, itihAsa Adi aneka bAtoM kI upalabdhi eka sAtha hotI hai| hemacandra ke sAtha kumArapAla kA prathama milana nimna prakAra batalAyA gayA: eka samaya vajrazAkhA aura candrakula meM hue AcArya hemacandra usa rAjA kI dRSTi meM aaveNge| AcArya dvArA jinacaitya meM dharmadezanA dete samaya unakI vandanA karane ke liye apane zrAvaka maMtrI ke sAtha vaha rAjA aavegaa| tasva ko na jAnatA huA bhI zuddhabhAva se AcArya kI vandanA kregaa| pazcAt unake mukha se zuddha dharmadezanA prItipUrvaka sunakara vaha rAjA samyaktva pUrvaka aNuvrata svIkAra karegA aura pUrNarIti se bodha prApta kara zrAvaka ke AcAra kA pAragAmI hogaa| somaprabhakRta kumArapAla pratibodha ke Arambha ke kathAnaka ke sAtha yaha varNana bahuta kucha milatA hai| isaliye aitihAsika satya kI dRSTi se bhI AcArya ke sAtha kumArapAla kA sambandha vAgbhaTa jaise jaina maMtriyoM kI preraNA se bahuta dRr3ha huA aura jainadharma ke prati usakA AdhyAtmika bhAva unake sahRdaya upadezoM se vyApta ho gyaa| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA prasiddha AcArya hemacandra haiM jinake jIvana-carita para bahuvidha sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai| unake jIvana carita para pUrva bhAgoM meM paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tri0 za0 pu0 ca0 meM bar3I prazasti dI gaI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki isa grantha kI racanA hemacandra ne caulukya nRpa kumArapAla ke anurodha se kI thii|' sambhavataH kumArapAla ke jainadharma svIkAra karane ke bAda usake anurodha para hemacandra 1. parva 10, prazasti, padya 16-20.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ne apane jIvana ke antima varSoM meM isakI racanA kI thii| DA0 bUlhara ne isakI racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1216-1228 mAnA hai| vi0 saM0 1229 meM hemacandra kA svargavAsa huA thA / ' __ prazasti se yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki isakI racanA yogazAstra kI racanA ke bAda kI gaI thii| yogazAstra kI vRtti meM kaI zloka tri0 za0 pu0 ca0 se utAre gaye haiN| isase yaha mAna sakate haiM ki ukta vRtti aura isa carita kI racanA eka sAtha huI thii| itanA hI nahIM pariziSTa parva kI yojanA bhI usa samaya bana gaI thii| isake bhI kaI pramANa milate haiN| hemacandra ne yadyapi pUrvAcAryoM yA unakI kRtiyoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne aneka pUrvAcAryoM kI kRtiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| unase pUrva diga0 aura zvetA0 donoM sampradAyoM ke kaviyoM ne isa viSaya ko saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM likhA hai| usa samaya taka tIrthaMkaroM ke alaga-alaga aneka AkhyAna bhI likhe gaye the| vimalasUri, raviSeNa, zIlAMka, jinasena prathama, dvitIya, svayambhU, puSpadanta, dhavala Adi ke granthoM ke atirikta, Avazyaka tathA dUsare sUtroM ke Upara likhI cUrNiyA~ tathA haribhadrasUri kI TIkAe~ Adi meM AnevAlI kathAe~ bhI hemacandrAcArya ke samakSa thI hii| purovartI AcAryoM kI aneka kRtiyoM kA hemacandrAcArya ne apanI isa kRti meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se upayoga kiyA hai / triSaSTi-zalAkA-puruSacarita se prabhAvita racanAe~: ____ caturviMzatijinendrasaMkSiptacaritAni (bhamaracandrasUri)-I0 san 1238 ke pUrva racita isa kRti meM 24 adhyAya aura 1802 padya haiN| isameM 24 tIrthakaroM ke saMkSipta jIvana caritra diye gaye haiN| racayitA kA bhAva sabhI jinoM ke caritra ko thor3e meM likhane kA thA isalie isameM kAvyakalA pradarzana karane kA koI avasara nahIM milA / pratyeka adhyAya meM mukhya viSayoM kI carcA isa prakAra hai1. pUrvabhava, 2. vaMzaparicaya, 3. tIrthakara ko vizeSa nAma diye jAne kI vyAkhyA, 4. cyavana, garbha, janma, dIkSA aura mokSa ke dina, 5. caityavRkSa kI U~cAI, 6. gaNadhara, sAdhu, sAdhvI, caudahapUrvI, avadhijJAnI, manaHparyayajJAnI, 1. vizeSa jIvanacaritra ke liye dekheM-hemacandrAcArya-jIvana-caritra (kastUramala bAMThiyA), caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI 1. pariziSTa 'a' aura 'ba' meM graMtha-sUcI dI gaI hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya kevalI, vikriyA RddhidhArI nyAyavAdI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA-parivAra, 7. Ayu, zaizavAvasthA, rAjyAvasthA (yadi ho to), chamasthAvasthA aura kevalI avasthA kA varNana / ' grantha-kartA apane samaya ke bahuta bar3e kavi the| unake anya grantha haiM : padmAnanda, bAlabhArata Adi 13 grantha / bAlabhArata ke paricaya ke sAtha isa kavi kA vizeSa paricaya diyA gayA hai| ___mahApuruSacarita-isa racanA meM pAMca sarga haiN|' RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva aura vardhamAna ina pA~ca tIrthakaroM kA varNana hai| isa para eka TIkA bhI hai, jo saMbhavataH svopajJa hai| usameM ukta kRti ko kAvyopadezazataka yA dharmopadezazataka bhI kahA gayA hai| isake racayitA merutuMga haiN| inakI anya racanA prabaMdhacintAmaNi ( san 1306 ) hai| kavi kA vizeSa paricaya prabaMdhacintAmaNi ke prasaMga meM diyA jaaygaa| laghutriSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita-yaha granthaH hemacandrAcArya kRta tri0 sa0 pu0 ca0 ke anukaraNa para nirmita huA hai| isameM bhI 10 parva haiM para isakI varNanazailI alaga dikhatI hai| isameM kisI tIrthakara ke caritra meM dikkumArikAoM kA mahotsava vistAra se diyA gayA hai, to kisI meM dIkSAmahotsava, to kisI meM samavazaraNa kI racanA ati vistAra se varNita hai| sarvatra indroM kI stuti aura tIrthaMkaroM kI dezanA saMkSepa se dI gaI hai| avAntara kathAe~ bhI saMkSipta rUpa meM dI gaI haiN| __yadyapi yaha grantha hemacandra ke bRhatkAya grantha ke anukaraNa para banAyA gayA hai phira bhI isameM zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke caritroM ke 1. gAyakavAr3a mori0 sirIja saM0 58, bar3audA, 1932, pariziSTha 'ka'; ji. ra0 ko0, pR0 234 meM padmAnandakAvya ke paricaya ke sAtha / 2. ji0 20 ko, pR0 305. 3. ji0 ra0 ko0, pR0 335; isakA gujarAtI anuvAda paM0 maphatalAka jhaveracandrakRta choTAlAla mohanalAla zAha, unAdA (u0 gujarAta) dvArA vi0 saM0 2005 meM prakAzita hubhA hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saMkalana meM granthakAra ne tri0 za0 pu. ca0 kI apekSA ukta tIrthakaroM para likhI svataMtra racanAoM kA vizeSa upayoga kiyA hai, isalie isameM aneka prasaMga naye A gaye haiM joki tri0 za0 pu0 ca0 meM nahIM haiN| isa kRti ke choTI hone para bhI isameM aneka bAtoM kA saMgraha A gayA hai| tIrthakaracaritra, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, cakravarticaritra, baladeva, vAsudeva, prativAsudeva aura unake aneka kathAprasaMga aura aitihAsika prasaMga isameM bharapUra haiN| isa kRti ke nAma ke pIche do bAtoM kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai-eka to yaha ki tri0 za9 pu0 ca0 ko sAmane rakhakara yaha kRti banAyI gaI ho yA ukta kRti meM jo aneka prasaMga nahIM haiM unako zAmila karane para bhI AkAra kI dRSTi se laghutriSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita nAma rakhA gayA ho| yaha kRti saMkSeparucivAloM ke lie bar3I upakAraka hai / isakA granthAna 5000 zlokapramANa hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA meghavijaya upAdhyAya haiN| inake gRhastha jIvana kA itihAsa to kahIM se nahIM mAlUma hotA para inake aneka granthoM meM jo prazastiyA~ dI gaI hai unameM inane apanA nAma, apane guru kRpAvijaya kA, aura upAdhyAya vijayaprabhasUri ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye prasiddha samrATa akabara ke kalyANamitra tapAgacchIya hIravijayasUrijI kI paramparA meM hue haiN| inake granthoM meM jo prazastiyA~ dI gaI haiM unameM kucha kA racanAkAla diyA gayA hai jo vi0 saM0 1709 se 1760 taka hotA hai| prastuta racanA kA samaya nahIM diyA gyaa| isa taraha inhoMne 50 varSa taka lagAtAra sAhityasevA kI thii| yadi 20-25 varSa kI umra se sAhityaracanA prAraMbha kI ho to inakI Ayu 80 varSa anumAna kI jA sakatI hai| inhoMne aneka kAvyagrantha race haiM va kirAtArjanIya, zizupAlavadha, naiSadhIya, meghadUta kA acchA abhyAsa kiyA thA aura naiSadhIya kI samasyA-pUrti para 'zAntinAthacaritra', zizupAlavadha kI samasyApUrti para 'devAnandamahAkAvya', 'kirAtasamasyApUrti' tathA 'meghadUtasamasyAlekha' rUpI 5 samasyApUrti kAvya tathA saptasaMdhAnamahAkAvya, digvijayamahAkAvya, laghu tri0 za0 pu0 ca0, bhaviSyadattakathA, pazcAkhyAna, vijayadevamAhAtmyavivaraNa, yuktiprabodhanATaka ( nyAyagraMtha), dharmamaMjUSA, candraprabhA (hemakaumudI), haimazabdacandrikA, haimazabdaprakriyA, varSaprabodha ( jyotiSa grantha ), ramalazAstra, hastasaMjIvana, udayadIpikA,

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paurANika mahAkAvya praznasundarI, vIsAyaMtravidhi, mAtRkAprasAda, brahmabodha, arhadgItA prabhRti saMskRta grantha tathA aneka gujarAtI granthoM kI racanA bhI inhoMne kI hai / " laghutriSaSThi -- somaprabhakRta isa grantha kA ullekha meghavijayakRta la0 tri0 za0 ca0 kI gujarAtI prastAvanA meM paM0 maphatalAla ne kiyA hai / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita aura mahApurANa para AdhArita kucha anya racanAe~ - 1. laghumahApurANa yA laghutriSaSTilakSaNa mahApurANa - candramunikRta' / 2. triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra - vimalasUri / 3. - vajrasena / " "" 4. triSaSTizalAkA paMcAzikA ( 50 padyoM meM ) - kalyANavijaya ke ziSya / 5. triSaSTizalAkA puruSa vicAra ( 63 gAthAoM meM ) - ajJAta' / tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke svataMtra paurANika mahAkAvya : 79 rAmakathA, mahAbhAratakathA tathA samudita tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke paurANika mahAkAvyoM ( mahApurANoM ) aura unake saMkSipta rUpoM ke pazcAt svatantra rUpa se tIrthakaroM, cakravartiyoM, baladevoM, vAsudevoM Adi ke jIvanacarita bhI khUba likhe gaye / 10 vIM zatI se 18 vIM zatI taka ye racanAe~ nirbAdhagati se likhI jAtI rahIM / 12 vIM aura 13 vIM zatAbdI meM ye racanAe~ pracuramAtrA meM likhI garyo para Age kI zatAbdiyoM meM bhI unakA krama calatA rahA / tIrthakaroM meM sabase adhika mahAkAvya zAntinAtha para upalabdha haiM / ve cakravartI padadhArI bhI the / dvitIya zreNI meM 22 ve nemi aura 23 veM pArzvanAtha para kaI kAvya likhe gaye the / tRtIya krama meM Adi jina vRSabha, aSTama candraprabha aura antima mahAvIra para bhI caritakAvya likhe ge| vaise bhI anya tIrthakaroM aura anya mahApuruSoM para caritra grantha likhe jAne ke chiTaphuTa ullekha milate haiM / pahale prAkRta - vizeSakara mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita ina granthoM kA paricaya prastuta kiyA jAyagA aura pIche saMskRta meM racita kA / 1. digvijaya mahAkAvya aura devAnandamahAkAvya ( si0 jai0 pra0 ) kI prastAvanA / 2. ji0 20 ko0, pR0 163, 305. 3. vahI, pR0 165.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AdinAhacariya: RSabhadeva ke carita kA vistAra se varNana karanevAlA yaha prathama grantha hai| isameM pA~ca pariccheda haiN| granthAna 11000 zlokapramANa hai| isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma RSabhadevacarita bhI hai|' isakI racanA para 'cauppannamahApurisacariyaM' kA prabhAva hai| ukta grantha kI eka gAthA isameM gAthA saM0 45 rUpa meM jyoM kI tyoM uddhRta kI gayI hai| apabhraMza kI gAthAyeM bhI isa racanA meM pAI jAtI haiN| yaha abataka aprakAzita hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ke ziSya vardhamAnAcArya haiN| inakI dUsarI racanAe~ 15000 gAthApramANa manoramAcariyaM (saM0 1140) tathA dharmaratnakaraMDavRtti (saM0 1172) bhI haiN| AdinAhacariyaM kA racanAkAla saM0 1160 diyA gayA hai| prathama tIrthakara para risabhadevacariya nAma se 323 gAthAoM kI eka racanA aura milatI hai jisakA dUsarA nAma dharmopadezazataka bhI hai| isake racayitA bhuvanatuMgasUri haiN| dUsare aura tIsare tIrthakara para prAkRta meM koI racanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiN| cauthe abhinandananAtha para kevala eka racanA kA ullekha milatA hai / sumaInAhacariya: ___ pA~caveM tIrthakara sumatinAtha ke carita kA varNana karanevAlA prAkRta tathA saMskRta meM yaha pahalA grantha hai| isakA pramANa 9621 zloka hai / isameM aneka paurANika kathAyeM dI gayI haiN| yaha pATana ke anyabhaNDAroM kI sUcI meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| __ racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake lekhaka vijayasiMhasUri ke ziSya somaprabhAcArya haiM jo bRhadgancha ke the| inakA prasiddha grantha 'kumArapAlapratibodha' prakAzita ho cukA hai| inakA vizeSa paricaya ukta prasaMga meM de rahe haiN| yaha grantha unhoMne kumArapAla nRpati ke rAjyakAla meM likhA thaa| saMbhavataH yaha AcArya kI prathama kRti hai isalie ise kumArapAla ke rAjyArohaNa saM0 1199 meM likhI honA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 28 aura 57. 2. vahI, pR0 57. 3. vahI, pR0 14. 4. vahI, pR. 446.

Page #94
paurANika mahAkAvya cAhie / inakI anya kRtiyoM meM zatArthakAvya, zRMgAravairAgyataraMgiNI, sUktimuktAvalI aura kumArapAlapratibodha hai / paumapabhacariya: isameM 6The tIrthakara padmaprabha kA carita varNita hai| yaha eka aprakAzita racanA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA devasUri haiN| inakI dUsarI kRti supArzvacarita (prAkRta ) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| inakA thor3A-sA paricaya prApta hai| ye jAliharagaccha ke sarvAnanda ke praziSya tathA dharmaghoSasUri ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara the| granthakAra ne batalAyA hai ki prAcIna koTika gaNa kI vidyAdhara zAkhA se jAlihara aura kAsadrahagaccha eka sAtha nikale the| anya sUcanAe~ jo unhoMne dI haiM, unameM ye haiM ki unhoMne devendragaNi se tarkazAstra par3hA thA aura haribhadrasUri se Agama / unake dAdAguru sarvAnanda pAzvanAthacarita ke racayitA the| eka sarvAnandasUri ke pArzvanAthacarita kA saMskRta caritoM meM paricaya diyA gayA hai para ve apane ko sudharmAgacchIya batalAte haiM aura unake pArzvanAthacarita kA racanAkAla saM0 1291 hai jabaki prastuta prAkRta kRti kA samaya saM0 1254 batalAyA gayA hai| supAsanAhacariya: ___ yaha eka suvistRta aura uccakoTi kI racanA hai| isameM lagabhaga ATha hajAra gAthAe~ haiM / samasta grantha tIna prastAvoM meM vibhakta hai / nAma se spaSTa hai ki isameM sAtaveM tIrthakara supAzvanAtha kA jIvanacarita varNita hai| prathama prastAva meM supAzvanAtha ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura zeSa meM unake vartamAna janma kaa| prathama prastAva meM supArzvanAtha ke manuSya aura devabhavoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra unhoMne aneka bhavoM meM samyaktva aura saMyama ke prabhAva se apane vyaktitva kA vikAsakara tIrthakara prakRti kA baMdha kara sAtaveM tIrthakara pada ko pAyA thaa| dUsare prastAva meM unake janma, vivAha aura niSkramaNa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo anya tIrthaMkaroM kI bhA~ti hI hai| yahA~ meruparvata para devoM dvArA janmAbhiSeka kA sarasa varNana prastuta hai| tIsare prastAva meM kevala jJAna ke varNana-prasaMga meM aneka AsanoM tathA vividha tapoM kA varNana kiyA 1. vahI, pR0 234. 2. vahI, pR0 445. 6

Page #95
jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa gayA hai| isa taraha isameM vividha dharmopadeza aura kathA-prasaMgoM ke bIca supArzvanAtha kA saMkSipta carita vikherA gayA hai| adhikAMza bhAga meM samyagdarzana kA mAhAtmya, bAraha bhAvaka vrata, unake aticAra tathA anya dhArmika viSayoM ko lekara aneko kathAe~ dI gayI haiM jinase tatkAlIna buddhivaibhava, kalAkauzala, AcAra-vyavahAra, sAmAjika rItirivAja, rAjakIya-paristhiti evaM naitika jIvana Adi ke citra prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isa carita kI bhASA para apabhraMza kA pUrA prabhAva hai| isameM lagabhaga 50 padya apabhraMza ke bhI samAviSTa pAye jAte haiN| saMskRta kI zabdAvalI bhI apanAyI gayI hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake praNetA kA nAma lakSmaNagaNi hai| inake guru kA nAma hemacandrasUri thA jo harSapurIyagaccha ke the aura jayasiMhasUri ke praziSya aura abhayadevasUri ke ziSya the / inake gurubhAiyoM meM vijayasiMhasUri aura zrIcandrasUri the| isa grantha kI racanA unane dhaMdhukanagara meM prArambha kI thI aura samAdhi maMDalapurI meN| unhoMne ise vi0 saM0 1199 meM mAgha zukla 10 guruvAra ke dina racakara samApta kiyA thaa| usa varSa caulukya nRpa kumArapAla kA rAjyAbhiSeka bhI huA thaa| supArzvanAtha carita para prAkRta meM jAliharagaccha ke devasUri tathA kisI vibudhAcArya kI racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| caMdappahacariya: prAkRta bhASA meM AThaveM tIrthakara candraprabha para kaI kaviyoM ne racanAe~ kI haiM / unameM prathama racanA siddhasUri ke ziSya vIrasUri ne saM0 1138 meM kI thii| jinezvarasUrikRta dvitIya carita' meM 40 gAthAe~ haiM jo bar3I sarasa haiN| isameM candraprabha nAma kI sArthakatA meM kavi kahatA hai ki cUMki mAtA ko garbhakAla meM 1. jaina vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA, banArasa, san 1998, jinaratnakoza, - pR0 145; isakA gujarAtI bhanuvAda-jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se san 1925 meM prakAzita huA hai| 2. vikamasaehiM ekArasehiM navanavaivAsa ahiehi-prazasti, gA0 15-16. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 445. 4. vahI, pR0 119. 5. isakA prakAzana mahAvIra granthamAlA se vikrama saM0 1992 meM huA hai| .

Page #96
paurANika mahAkAvya 83 candrayAna kA dohada utpanna huA thA isa kAraNa inakA nAma candraprabha rakhA gayA (gAthA 12) / jinezvarasUri nAma ke kaI AcArya ho gaye haiN| prathama to vardhamAnasUri ke ziSya aura kharataragaccha ke saMsthApaka (11 vI zatI uttarAdha) the aura unake granthoM ke nAma sujJAta haiN| lagatA hai candappahacariyaM ke racayitA dUsare jinezvarasUri haiN| eka jinezvarasUri ne saM0 1175 meM prAkRta mallinAhacariyaM' (granthAna 5555) tathA neminAhacariyaM kI racanA kI thii| sambhavataH ye hI ukta canda0 cariyaM ke racayitA ho / __ tRtIya candappahacariyaM' ke racayitA upakezagacchIya yazodeva aparanAma dhanadeva haiM jo devaguptasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne granthAna 6400 pramANa kAvya kI racanA saM0 1178 meM kI thii| inake anya grantha haiM navapadapraka0 bR0 kI vRhadvRtti aura navatatvapra0 kI vRtti / caturtha candappahacariyaM ke racayitA bar3agacchIya haribhadrasUri haiN| inakI ukta racanA kI eka prati pATana ke bhaNDAra meM vidyamAna hai jisakA granthAna 8032 zloka pramANa hai| granthakAra ke dAdAguru kA nAma jinacandra tathA guru kA nAma zrIcandrasUri thA / kahA jAtA hai ki sUri ne siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke mahAmAtya pRthvIpAla ke anurodha para caubIsa tIrthakaroM kA jIvanacarita likhA thA para unameM prAkRta meM likhe canda0 cariyaM aura mallinAhacariyaM tathA apabhraMza meM NemiNAhacariu hI upalabdha hai| sUri prAkRta, apabhraMza aura saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn ye / granthakAra kA samaya 12 vIM kA uttarArdha aura 13vIM kA pUrvArdha rahA hai|3|| paMcama candappahacari0 ke racayitA kharataragacchIya jinavadhanasUri haiN| inake AcArya pada para sthApita hone kA samaya saM0 1461 hai| ye pippalaka nAma kI kharatara zAkhA ke saMsthApaka the| isa canda0 cariyaM para kharataragacchIya jinabhadrasUri ke praziSya aura siddhAntaruci ke ziSya sAdhusomagaNi ne granthAna 1315 pramANa TIkA likhI hai| TIkA meM sUcanA dI hai ki jinavardhanasUri ne isa carita ke atirikta cAra aura caritoM kI bhI racanA kI hai para una caritoM kA nAma 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 302. 2. vahI, pR0 119. 3. anekAnta, varSa 17, ki0 5, pR0 232. 4. paTTAvalI-parAga, pR0 363.

Page #97
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nahIM diyaa|' anya racanAoM meM mahArAja zAstra bhaNDAra nAgaura meM dAmodara kavikRta prAkRta candraprabhacarita upalabdha hai| candraprabha para nAgendragaccha ke vijayasihasUri ke ziSya devendragaNi ne saM0 1264 meM 5325 zloka pramANa kRti ko saMskRta-prAkRta ubhayamizra bhASA meM racA hai| apabhraMza meM yazaHkIrti kI racanA 2409 zloka-pramANa 11 sandhiyoM meM milatI hai| navave aura dazaveM tIrthakara puSpadanta aura zItalanAtha para prAkRta meM likhe caritoM ke ullekhamAtra milate haiM / nanditAvyakRta gAthAlakSaNa ke TIkAkAra ratnacandra ne usameM Aye hue do padyoM para TIkA karate hue batalAyA hai ki ye padya eka prAkRta racanA puSpadantacariyaM se liye gaye haiN| seyaMsacariya: gyArahaveM tIrthakara zreyAMsanAtha para do prAkRta paurANika kAvya upalabdha haiN| prathama to vRhadgacchIya jinadeva ke ziSya haribhadra kA jo saM0 1172 meM likhA gayA thaa| isakA granthAgra 6584 zloka pramANa hai|' dvitIya candragacchIya ajitasiMhasUri ke ziSya devabhadra ne granthAna 11000 pramANa racA thaa| isakI racanA kA samaya jJAta nahIM phira bhI yaha vi0 saM0 1332 se pahale banI hai kyoMki mAnatuMgasUri ne apane saMskRta zreyAMsacarita ( saM0 1332) kA AdhAra isa kRti ko hI batalAyA hai| isa racanA kA ullekha pravacanasAroddhAraTIkA meM unake ziSya siddhasena ne kiyA hai| devabhadra kI anya racanAoM meM tattvabindu aura pramANaprakAza bhI hai| vasupujjacariya: bArahaveM tIrthakara vAsupUjya para candraprabha kI 8000 graMthAgra pramANa racanA upalabdha hai| isakA prArambha 'suhasiddhibahuvasIkaraNa' se hotA hai| candraprabha ne 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 119. 2. Atmaballabha sirIja saM0 9, ambAlA; jinaratnakoza, pR0 119. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 253; bhAMDArakara orieNTala risarca insTITyUTa pUnA kI patrikA, bhAga 14, pR0 3. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 399. 5. vahI, pR0 400. 6. vahI, pR0 348.

Page #98
paurANika mahAkAvya 85 apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM meM pAdalipta, haribhadra aura jIvadeva kA ullekha tathA graMthoM meM taraMgavatI kA ullekha kiyA hai| candraprabha nAma ke kaI gacchoM meM aneka AcArya ho gaye haiN| 12 vIM zatAbdI meM eka candraprabha mahattara ne saM0 112737 meM vijayacandracaritra kI racanA kI thI aura dUsare candraprabhasari ne paurNamAsika gaccha kI sthApanA saM0 1149 meM kI thI aura prameyaratnakoza, darzanazuddhi ko racanA kI thii| kaha nahIM sakate ki prastuta racanA ke racayitA kauna candraprabha haiN| 13 veM tIrthakara para bhI prAkRta meM vimalacariyaM likhe jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| anantanAhacariya: isameM 14 veM tIrthaMkara kA carita varNita hai| grantha meM 1200 gAthAe~ haiN|' granthakAra ne isameM bhavyajanoM ke lAbhArtha bhakti aura pUjA kA mAhAtmya vizeSa rUpa se diyA hai| isameM pUjASTaka uddhRta kiyA gayA hai jisameM kusuma pUjA Adi kA udAharaNa dete hue jina pUjA ko pApa haraNa karanevAlI, kalyANa kA bhaNDAra aura dAridraya ko dUra karane vAlI kahA hai| isameM pUjAprakAza' yA pUjAvidhAna bhI diyA gayA hai jo saMghAcArabhASya, zrAddhadinakRtya Adi se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA Amradeva ke ziSya nemicandrasUri haiN| inhoMne isakI racanA saM0 1216 ke lagabhaga kI hai / sambhavataH ye AkhyAnakamaNikoza, mahAvIracariyaM (saM0 1139) Adi ke kartA nemicandrasUri se kAla kI dRSTi se bhinna haiN| ukta nemicandra kA samaya 12 vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai| 15 veM tIrthakara dharmanAtha para prAkRta racanA kA ullekha milatA hai| 1. vahI, pR0 358. 2. vahI, pR0 .. 3. RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetAmbara jaina saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1939, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 569-570. 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 255. 5. vahI, pR0 189.

Page #99
86 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saMtinAhacariya : yaha guNasena ke ziSya aura hemacandrAcArya ke guru pUrNatallagacchIya devacandrA * cArya kRta 16 veM tIrthakara zAntinAtha kA carita hai| isakA parimANa granthAna 12000 hai / isakI racanA saM0 1160 meM huI thii| yaha prAkRta gadya-padyamaya hai / bIca-bIca meM apabhraMzabhASA bhI prayukta huI hai / isakI racanA khaMbhAta meM kI gaI thI / isakI prastAvanA meM nimnalikhita AcAryoM kA ullekha haiM : indrabhUti ( kavirAja cakravartI ), bhadrabAhu jinhoMne vasudevacarita likhA ( savAyalakkhaM bahukahA kaliyam ), haribhadra samarAditya kathA ke praNetA, dAkSiNyacihnasUri kuvalayamAlA ke kartA tathA siddharSi upamitibhavaprapaMcA ke kartA / yaha abataka aprakAzita hai / inakI eka anya kRti mUlazuddhiprakaraNaTIkA ( aparanAma sthAnakaprakaraNaTIkA ) hai| isake cauthe evaM chaThe sthAnaka meM AnevAle candanAkathAnaka tathA brahmadattakathAnaka ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki inameM AnevAlI adhikAMza gAthAeM tathA katipaya choTe-bar3e gadyasaMdarbha zIlAMkAcArya ke caumpanna mahApurisacariya meM AnevAle 'vasumaisaMvihANaya' aura baMbhayattacakkavaTTicariya ke sAtha akSarazaH milate haiM / ina kathAo ke avaziSTa bhAgoM meM se bhI kitanA hI bhAga alpAdhika zAbdika parivartana ke sAtha caDappanna puri0 kA hI jJAta hotA hai / anumAna hai ki saMtinAhacariyaM para bhI cauppa0 cariya0 kA prabhAva ho / cUMki yaha aprakAzita hai isase kucha kahanA kaThina hai / zAntinAtha para isa vizAla racanA ke atirikta prAkRta meM eka laghu racanA 33 gAthAoM meM jinavallabha sUri racita tathA anya somaprabha sUri racita kA ullekha milatA hai / ' saMskRta meM to zAntinAtha para anekoM racanAe~ likhI gaI haiN| 17 veM tIrthaMkara kunthunAtha aura 18 veM aranAtha para prAkRta meM koI racanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiM / 19 veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha para prAkRta meM 3-4 racanAe~ milatI haiM / unameM jinezvarasUri kRta kA pramANa 5555 granthAgra hai / isakI racanA saM0 1975 meM 1. vahI, pR0 379; zreSThi hAlAbhAI ke putra bhogIlAla kA bhaNahillapura sthita phophalIyAvADA bhAgalIzerI bhANDAgAra, pATana. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 380. 3. vahI, pR0 302.

Page #100
paurANika mahAkAvya 87 huI thii| jinezvara sUri ke prAkRta carita candappahacariyaM aura naminAhacariyaM bhI isa kAla ke lagabhaga likhe gaye the| dvitIya racanA candrasUri ke ziSya baDagacchIya haribhadrasUri kI hai jisakA granthAgra 9000 pramANa hai| yaha tIna prastAvoM meM vibhakta hai / isakI racanA meM sarvadevagaNi ne sahAyatA kI thii| grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne kumArapAla ke maMtrI pRthvIpAla ke anurodha para isa carita kI tathA anya carita granthoM kI racanA kI thI unameM kevala candappahacariyaM aura apabhraMza meM miNAhacariu upalabdha haiN| tIsarA carita bhuvanatuMgasUri kRta 500 granthAna pramANa jaisalamera ke bhaNDAroM meM tADapatra para likhita hai' tathA caturtha 105 prAkRtagAthAoM meM ajJAtakartRka hai| isakI hastalikhita prati para saM0 1345 par3A hai| munisuvvayasAmicariya: prAkRta meM 20 veM tIrthakara para zrIcandrasUri kI eka mAtra racanA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM lagabhaga 10994 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha aprakAzita racanA hai / granthakAra harSapurIya gaccha ke hemacandrasari ke ziSya the| inakI anya kRtiyoM meM saMgrahaNIratna aura pradezavyAkhyATippana (saM0 1222) milate haiN| prastuta carita kA samaya nizcita nahIM hai para eka hastalikhita prati ke anusAra saM0 1193 hai| isa grantha kI prazasti se mAlUma hotA hai ki lekhaka ne AsApallipurI (vartamAna ahamadAbAda ) meM zrImAlakula ke zreSTha zrAvaka zreSThi nAgila ke suputra ke ghara meM rahakara likhA thaa| 21 veM tIrthakara naminAtha sambaMdhI eka prAkRta racanA kA ullekha milatA hai| neminAhacariya: 22 ve tIrthakara neminAtha para prAkRta meM tIna racanAe~ upalabdha haiN| prathama jinezvarasUri kI hai jo saM0 1175 meM likhI gaI thii| dUsarI maladhArI hemacandra 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 302; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 279. 2. vahI. 3. vahI. 4. vahI, pR0 311. 5. vahI, pR0 202. 6. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 135.

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88 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (harSapurIya gaccha ke abhayadeva ke ziSya ) kI 5100 granthAna pramANa (12 vIM kA uttarArdha) hai tathA tIsarI bRhadgaccha ke vAdideva sUri ke ziSya ratnaprabhasUri kRta vizAla racanA hai jisakA racanA-saMvat 1233 hai| yaha gadya-padyamaya racanA 6 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / isakA granthAna 13600 pramANa hai|' pAsanAhacariya: isameM 23 veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA carita vistAra se diyA hai jo pAMca prastAvoM meM vibhakta hai| yaha prAkRta gadya-padya meM likhI gaI sarasa racanA hai jisameM samAsAnta padAvalI aura chanda kI vividhatA dekhane meM AtI hai| isameM saMskRta ke aneka subhASita bhI uddhata hai / isakA granthAna 9000 pramANa hai| isa grantha kI apanI vizeSatA hai| anya granthoM meM pArzvanAtha ke dasa bhavoM kA varNana milatA hai| tIsare, pAMcaveM, sAtaveM aura nave bhava meM devaloka evaM nava graiveyaka meM deva rUpa se pArzvanAtha utpanna hue the| ina cAra bhavoM kI gaNanA isa caritra ke lekhaka ne nahIM lI, isalie zeSa cha: bhavoM kA varNana hI diyA gayA hai| pahale prastAva meM pArzvanAtha ke do pUrva bhavoM kA ullekha hai| pahale bhava meM marubhUti nAma se maMtriputra hue| usameM kamaTha nAma ke apane bhAI se mRtyu paaii| dUsare bhava meM marubhUti aura kamaTha kramazaH hAthI aura kukkuTa sarpa hue / dUsare prastAva meM tIsare bhava meM donoM kramazaH kanakavega vidyAghara aura sarpa hue| cauthe bhava meM ve vajranAbha rAjA aura bhIla kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| bhIla ke bANa se ukta rAjA kI mRtyu huii| pAMcave bhava meM ve donoM kramazaH kanaka cakravartI aura siMha hae / siMha ne muni avasthA meM cakravartI ko mAra ddaalaa| tIsare prastAva meM chaThe bhava meM marubhUti vArANasI ke rAjA azvasena aura vAmA ke putra 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke rUpa meM janma lete haiM aura kamaTha kaTha nAmaka tApasa tathA meghamAlI nAmaka deva huaa| isI prastAva meM pArzvanAtha kI dIkSA aura tapasyA kA varNana hai tathA meghamAlI deva dvArA upasarga kA varNana hai| caturtha prastAva meM pArzvanAtha ko kevala jJAna kI prApti tathA dharmopadeza ke prasaMga meM apane pitA ke prazna para daza gaNadharoM ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana hai| pAMcaveM prastAva meM 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 217. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 244; prakAzita-ahamadAbAda, 1944, gujarAto anu vAda-jaina mAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2005.

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paurANika mahAkAvya mathurA, kAzI, AmalakalpA Adi nagaroM meM vihAra aura dharmopadeza kA varNana hai / anta meM sammedazikhara para pahu~ca mokSa pAne kA vRttAnta hai / ___ isa prAkRtacarita meM saMskRta ke guNabhadra racita uttarapurANa meM diye gaye pAzvanAtha carita se kucha bAtoM meM antara hai yathA marubhUti kI patnI vasundharA kamaTha kI ora svayaM AkRSTa huii| isameM 6The bhava ke vajranAbha ke vivAha ke prasaMga meM jo yuddha kA varNana hai vaha raghuvaMza ke indumatI-aja ke svayaMvara meM hue yuddha kI yAda dilAtA hai usI taraha AThaveM bhava ke kanakabAhu cakravartI kA khecararAja kI putrI padmA se vivAha kA prasaMga abhijJAna-zAkuMtala meM duSyanta-zakuMtalA ke vivAha kA smaraNa dilAtA hai| ___ racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa carita grantha ke kartA devabhadrAcArya haiM / ye vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke mahAn vidvAn evaM uccakoTi ke sAhityakAra the / inakA nAma AcArya padArUr3ha hone ke pahale guNacandragaNi thaa| usa samaya saMvat 1139 meM zrI mahAvIracariyaM nAmaka vistRta 12024 zloka-pramANa grantha racA / dUsarA grantha kathAratnakoSa hai jo AcArya padArUr3ha hone ke bAda vi0 saM0 1158 meM racA thaa| prastuta pAsanAhacariyaM kI racanA unane vi0 saM0 1168 meM govarddhana zreSThi ke vaMzaja vIrabheSThi ke putra yazadeva zreSThi kI preraNA se kI thii| isa grantha kI prazasti meM lekhaka kI gurvAvalI isa prakAra dI gaI hai :candrakula vajrazAkhA meM vardhamAnasUri hue| unake do ziSya the jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgarasUri / jinezvarasUri ke ziSya abhayadevasUri aura unake ziSya prasannacandra hue| prasannacandra ke ziSya sumativAcaka aura inake ziSya the devabhadrasUri / 1. mahAvIracariya: ____ antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke jIvana para jo prAkRta racanAe~ upalabdha haiM unameM yaha sarva prathama hai| yaha eka gadya-padyamaya kAvya hai jo ATha prastAvoM (sargoM) meM vibhAjita hai aura parimANa meM 12025 zloka pramANa hai|' isake prAraMbhika cAra sargoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai aura antima cAra meM unake vartamAna bhava kaa| isa para tathA inakI anya kRti pAsanAhacariyaM para kAlidAsa, bhAravi aura mAgha ke saMskRta kAvyoM kA pUrNa prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| isa mahArASTrI prAkRta pradhAna racanA meM yatra-tatra saMskRta ke tathA apabhraMza ke padya 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 306; prakAzita-devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, san 1929, gujarAtI anuvAda-jaina mAtmAnanda sabhA, vi0 saM0 1994.

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa uddhRta haiN| isameM chandoM kI vividhatA dRSTavya hai| pracuramAtrA meM tadbhava aura tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga dezI zabdoM ke badale meM kiyA gayA hai| __ prathama prastAva meM samyaktva prApti kA varNana hai| dUsare meM prathama pUrva bhava ke prasaMga meM RSabha, bharata, bAhubali evaM marIci ke bhavoM kA nirUpaNa hai| tRtIya meM vizvabhUti kI vasantakrIr3A, raNayAtrA evaM vairAgya kA varNana hai| isI meM nArAyaNa tripRSTa kA pratinArAyaNa azvagrIva ke sAtha yuddha aura cakravartI priyamitra kA digvijaya evaM pravrajyA varNana hai| caturtha prastAva meM priyamitra ke jIva kA nandana nAma se nRpa honA aura usake dvArA proThila muni se naravikrama kA carita pUchanA / yaha carita bar3A hI rocaka hai| nandana nRpa kA jIva hI kSatriyakuNDa ke nareza siddhArtha ke yahA~ trizalA se mahAvIra ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa karatA hai| isa prastAva meM maMtra, taMtra, vidyAsAdhana tathA vAmamArgiya / aura kApAlikoM ke kriyAkANDa kA vaNana hai| isI prastAva meM bhaga0 mahAvIra ke 28veM varSa meM unake mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa hone aura bar3e bhAI nandivardhana kA rAjyAbhiSeka hone evaM bar3e bhAI se anumati lekara dIkSA grahaNa karane kA varNana hai| pA~caveM prastAva meM zUlapANi yakSa aura caNDakauzika sarpa ko prabuddha karane kA vRttAnta hai| chaThe prastAva meM AjIvaka mata ke pravartaka maMkhalIputra gozAla kA mahAvIra ke sAtha saMbaMdha kA varNana hai| sAtaveM meM mahAvIra ke parISaha-sahana aura kevalajJAna prApti kA nirUpaNa hai| AThaveM meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa-lAbha kA prarUpaNa hai| isameM mahAvIra ke upadeza, gaNagharoM ke varNana, caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA, mahAvIra ke dAmAda jamAli kI dIkSA, usake dvArA nilava, gozAlaka dvArA zrAvastI meM tejolezyA chor3anA Adi anyAnya bAtoM kA vistAra se varNana hai|| ___ isa kAvya meM anekoM avAntara kathAyeM dI gaI haiM tathA nagara, vana, aTavI, vivAha-vidhi, utsava, vidyAsiddhi Adi ke varNana dvArA bar3A hI rocaka banAyA gayA hai| yaha eka gadya-padyamaya racanA hai| kavi ko varNana ke anukUla jaba jaisI AvazyakatA huI gadya-padya kA prayoga karane kI svataMtratA rahI hai| ____racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa mahattvapUrNa kRti ke racayitA guNacandrasUri haiM jo AcArya pada pAne ke bAda devabhadrasUri kahalAne lage the| inhoMne apane chatrAvalI (chatrAla) nivAsI seTha ziSTa aura vIra kI prArthanA para vi0 saM0 1139 jyeSTha zuklA tRtIyA somavAra ke dina isa grantha kI racanA kI thii| prazasti meM ziSTa aura vIra ke parivAra kA paricaya diyA gayA hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya __ inakI tIna vizAla kRtiyoM ke pIche diye gaye prazasti padya bar3e mahattva ke haiM jinase inakI guruparamparA tathA racanAoM kA saMvat mAlUma hotA hai| tadanusAra AcArya devabhadra sumativAcaka ke ziSya the, AcArya pada para ArUDha hone ke pahale unakA nAma guNacandragaNi thaa| isI nAma se unane vi0 saM0 1125 me saMvegaraMgazAlA nAma se ArAdhanAzAstra kA saMskAra kiyA thA aura vi0 saM0 1139 meM mahAvIracariyaM kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| saMvegaraMgazAlA kI puSpikA meM 'tadvineya zrI prasannacandrasUri samabhyarthitena guNacandragaNinA tathA tanvayaNeNaM guNacaMdeNaM' padoM se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya prasannacandra aura devendrasUri kA pArasparika sambandha dUra se thA aura donoM paraspara guNAnurAgI the| guNacandra unheM bar3e Adara se dekhate the yaha kathAratnakoza aura pArzvanAtha ko prazasti meM AnevAle 'tassevagehiM' aura 'pathapaumasevagehiM' padoM se jJAta hotA hai| prasannacandra ne guNacandra ke guNoM se AkarSita hokara unheM AcArya pada para ArUr3ha kiyA thaa| inhoMne apane nAma ke sAtha kisI gaNa-gaccha kA ullekha nahIM kiyA para vistRta prazastiyoM meM apanA saMbaMdha vajrazAkhA, candrakula kI paramparA se batalAyA hai| inake atirikta aura kucha kRtiyA~ bhI milatI haiM : pramANa-prakAza, anantanAthastotra, staMbhanakapArzvanAtha tathA vItarAgastava / ' 2. mahAvIracariya: yaha mahAvIra para prAkRta meM dvitIya racanA hai jo padyabaddha 3000 granyAgra pramANa hai| isameM kula 2385 padya haiN|' isakA prAraMbha mahAvIra ke 26 ve bhava pUrva meM bhagavAn RSabha ke pautra marIci ke pUrvajanma meM eka dhArmika zrAvaka kI kathA se hotA hai| usane eka AcArya se Atmazodhana ke lie ahiMsAvrata dhAraNa kara apanA jIvana sudhArA aura Ayu ke anta meM bharatacakravartI kA putra marIci nAma se huaa| eka samaya 1. AtmAnanda jaina granthamAlA se prakAzita evaM sva. muni puNyavijayajI dvArA sampAdita kahArayaNakoso (1944) ke anta meM ye sabhI laghu kRtiyA~ prakAzita haiN| 2. jinaratnakoza pR0 306; prakAzita-jaina bhAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saMvat 1973.

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92 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bharatacakravartI ne bhagavAn RSabha ke samavazaraNa meM AgAmI mahApuruSoM ke sambandha meM unakA jIvana paricaya sunate hue pUchA-bhagavan , tIrthakara kauna-kauna hoMge ? kyA hamAre vaMza meM bhI koI tIrthakara hogA ? isa prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn RSabha ne batalAyA ki ikSvAkuvaMza meM marIci antima tIrthakara kA pada prApta kregaa| bhagavAn kI isa bhaviSyavANI ko apane sambandha meM sunakara marIci prasannatA se nAcane lagA aura ahaM bhAva se viveka tathA samyaktva kI upekSA kara tapabhraSTa ho mithyAmata kA pracAra karane lgaa| isake phalasvarUpa vaha aneka janmoM meM bhaTakatA phiraa| isa racanA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 25 pUrva-bhavoM kA varNana rocaka paddhati se huA hai / bhASA sarala aura pravAhamaya hai| bhASA ko prabhAvaka banAne ke lie alaMkAroM kI yojanA bhI kI gaI hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA bRhadgaccha ke AcArya nemicandrasUri haiN| inakA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai / inakI choTI-bar3I 5 racanAe~ milatI haiM-1. AkhyAnamaNikoza ( mUlagAthA 52), 2. Atmabodhakulaka athavA dharmopadezakulaka (gAthA 22), 3. uttarAdhyayanavRtti (pramANa 12000 zloka), 4. ratnacUr3akathA (pramANa 3081 zloka) aura 5. mahAvIracariyaM (pramANa 3000 shlok)| prastuta racanA unakI antima kRti hai aura isakA racanAkAla saM0 1141 hai / inakI antima tIna kRtiyoM meM diye gaye prazasti padyoM se inakI guruparamparA kA paricaya isa prakAra milatA hai :-bRhaddaccha (prA0 vaDDa, vaDagaccha) meM devasUri ke paTTadhara nemicandrasUri hue, unake paTTadhara udyotanasUri ke ziSya AmradevopAdhyAya ke ziSya nemicandrasUri hue| racayitA ke dIkSAguru to Amradeva upAdhyAya the para ve AnandasUri ke mukhya paTTadhara ke rUpa meM sthApita hue the| paTTadhara hone ke pahale inakI sAmAnya muni avasthA ( vi0 saM0 1129 ke pahale) kA nAma deviMda ( devendra) thaa| pIche unake devendragaNi aura nemicandrasUri donoM nAma milate haiN| inake sambandha meM aura vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| mahAvIracarita para do anya prAkRta racanAoM kA ullekha mAtra milatA hai| ve haiM : mAnadevasUri ke ziSya devasUri kI tathA jinavallabhasUri kI / antima kRti 44 gAthAoM meM hai| isakA dUsarA nAma duriyarAyasamIrastotra hai| - 1. jinaratnakoza. pR0 306.

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paurANika mahAkAvya saMskRta meM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanacarita-saMbaMdhI aneka pRthaka-pRthaka kAvya mile haiM, jinakA paricaya isa prakAra hai : padmAnanda-mahAkAvya : yaha mahAkAvya Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke caritra se sambaddha hai|' isakI racanA padmamaMtrI kI prArthanA para huI thI isalie isakA nAma padmAnanda mahAkAvya rakhA gyaa| isa kAvya kA dUsarA nAma jinendracaritra bhI hai| kavi kI dUsarI kRti bAlabhArata kI bhAMti yaha bhI 'vIrAGka' cihna se vibhUSita hai| isameM 19 sarga haiM aura anuSTubh pramANa se zloka saMkhyA 6381 hai| isakI kathA kA AdhAra 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra' hai| kavi ne paramparAgata kathAnaka meM binA kucha parivartana kiye use zreSTha mahAkAvya ke guNa se sampanna banAne meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| prathama sarga prastAvanA ke rUpa meM hai, dUsare se chaThe sarga taka RSabhadeva ke 12 pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai, sAtaveM meM janma, AThaveM meM bAlalIlA, yauvana, vivAha; navama meM santAnotpatti, dazama meM rAjyAbhiSeka, gyAraha-bArahaveM meM SaTaRtu-krIDA aura anta meM dIkSA-grahaNa, terahaveM meM kevalajJAna prApti, caudahaveM meM samavazaraNa-dezanA Adi, solaha-sattarahaaThAraha meM bharata-bAhubali-marIci ke vRttAnta ke sAtha anta meM RSabhadeva evaM bharata ke nirvANa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM kathA 18veM sarga meM hI samApta ho jAtI hai para unnIsave sarga meM kavi ne prazasti ke rUpa meM apanI guruparamparA, kAvyaracanA, uddezya, preraNAdAyaka, padmamaMtrI kI vaMzAvalI kA vivaraNa diyA hai| isa taraha Adi aura anta ke saga prastAvanA aura prazasti rUpa meM hai, zeSa 17 sargoM meM kathA kA varNana hai| isa kAvya meM RSabhadeva, bharata aura bAhubali ke caritra ko hI vikasita rUpa diyA gayA hai, zeSa ko nahIM / prakRti-citraNa bhI bhavyarUpa se kiyA gayA hai| saundarya citraNa meM bAhya kI apekSA Antarika saundarya ko aMkita karane kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai| - 1. gAyakavAr3a orieNTala sirIja bar3audA, 1932; jinaratnakoza, pR0 234. vizeSa paricaya DA. zyA0 zaM0 dIkSita likhita '13-14vIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya' ke aprakAzita aMza meM diyA gayA hai|

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94 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa isa kAvya ke pariveza meM kavi ne apane samaya meM pracalita sAmAjika rItirivAjoM, andhavizvAsoM, vivAhavidhi Adi ko dekara tatkAlIna samAja kA paricaya diyA hai / kavi ko apanI anyatamakRti 'vAlabhArata' meM jainadharma ke siddhAntoM-niyamoM ke nirUpaNa karane kA avasara nahIM milA thA para isa kAvya meM unake nirUpaNa ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai| dhArmika carcA dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha aura terahaveM sarga meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| ____ kAvya meM vividha rasoM aura alaMkAroM kI yojanA aneka sthaloM para sundara DhaMga se kI gaI hai| bhASA-pANDitya ko prakaTa karane ke lie yamaka aura anuprAsa kA prayoga adhika mAtrA meM kiyA gayA hai| arthAlaMkAroM meM mAlopamA, arthAntaranyAsa aura rUpaka kI yojanA aneka sthaloM para huI hai| anya alaMkAroM meM asaMgati, mudrAdIpaka, viSama, sahokti, virodha, parivRtti ke bhI sundara prayoga isa kAvya ke adhikAMza sargoM meM eka chanda kA prayoga huA hai aura sargAnta meM chanda badala diye gaye haiN| 14-15 veM sargoM meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai| padmAnanda kAvya meM 34 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai unameM se aneka aise chanda haiM jinakA prayoga anyatra kama hI huA hai jaise sundarI, meghavisphUrjitA, candriNI, prabodhitA, utthApinI Adi / racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke lekhaka suprasiddha kavi amaracandrasUri haiN| isa kAvya kI eka hastalikhita prAcIna prati saM0 1297 kI milatI hai| isa prati se vaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha usa samaya se pUrva racI gaI hogii| isa kAvya kI racanA vIsaladeva (saM0 1294-1338) ke rAjyakAla meM usake maMtrI para ke anurodha para kI gaI thii| isase vIsaladeva ke prathama rAjyavarSe saM0 1294. 1. sarga 9.71,73-102, 2.177. 2. vahI, sarga 2.10; 15.67, 73-74, 106-107 bhAdi. 3. vahI, sarga 2.24, 73, 166; 4.57, 58, 100, 185, 216, 240, 6.103, 12.67, 16.71 bhAdi. 1. pITarsana kI prathama riporTa, pR0 58 tathA pamAnanda kI aMgrejI bhUmikA, pR0 34. 5. padmAnanda, sarga 1.9, zloka 60-61.

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paurANika mahAkAvya ke pazcAt isakA racA jAnA jJAta hotA hai| isase isakA racanAkAla saM0 1294 aura 1297 ke bIca honA caahiye| isakI racanA bAlabhArata ke bAda kI gaI thii| prathama tIrthaMkara para anya racanAe~: AdinAthacarita para dUsarI racanA vinayacandra kI hai jisakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1474 hai| vinayacandra nAma ke aneka vidvAn hue para ye vinayacandra kauna hai ? yaha jJAta nhiiN| eka vinayacandra ( raviprabhasUri ke ziSya) ke mallinAthacarita, munisuvratanAthacarita tathA pArzvacarita milate haiM, para unakA samaya vi0 saM0 1300 ke lagabhaga hai| spaSTa hai ki AdinAthacarita ke racayitA ukta vinayacandra se anya haiN| sakalakIrti (15 vIM zatI) dvArA racita AdinAthapurANa meM 20 sarga haiM aura zloka saMkhyA 4628 / isakI varNanazailI sundara evaM sarasa hai| isakA dUsarA nAma bRSabhanAthacaritra bhI hai| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kA paricaya unake harivaMzapurANa ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| etadviSayaka anya racanAoM meM candrakIrti (17 vIM zatI ), zAntidAsa tathA dharmakIrti Adi dvArA racita kA ullekha milatA hai / nemikumAra ke putra vAgbhaTa ne kAvyamImAMsA meM apane RSabhadevacarita kA ullekha kiyA hai|' isake atirikta saMskRta nATakakAra hastimalla kRta kannaDa gadya meM AdipurANa aura zrIpurANa upalabdha hai jinapara jinasena ke AdipurANa kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| ajitanAthapurANa: dvitIya tIrthakara ajitanAtha para kAnhaNasiMha ke putra aruNamaNi upanAma lAlamaNi ne ajitanAthapurANa kI racanA kii| isa bhAga ke lekhaka ne isa grantha kI hastalikhita prati jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA meM dekhI thii| yaha maulika kRti na hokara jinasena ke AdipurANa aura harivaMzapurANa Adi granthoM se lambe 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 28. 2. vahI, pR0 28; prakAzita-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, 1937. 3. vahI, pR0 28-29. 4. vahI, pR0 57. 5. vahI, pR0 2.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa lambe aMzoM ko uddhRta kara tathA ukta tIrthaMkara kA kucha caritra dekara banAyI gaI racanA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa grantha ke racayitA aruNamaNi gRhastha pratIta hote haiM kyoMki unhoMne gRhasthAzrama ke apane pitA kA nAma diyA hai| unane svayaM ko kASThAsaMgha, mAthuragaccha, puSkaragaNa kA anuyAyI batAyA hai tathA zrutakIrti ke ziSya budharAdhava kA apane ko ziSya batAyA hai| isa grantha ko lekhaka ne jahAnAbAda ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM baiThakara likhA thaa| jahAnAbAda bihAra prAnta meM hai, aura isakI hastalikhita prati ArA meM milI hai| tIsare tIrthakara saMbhavanAtha para saMskRta meM saMbhavanAthacaritra kA ullekha milatA hai| isake racayitA eka merutuMgasUri mAne jAte haiN| isa kAvya kI racanA saM0 1413 meM huI thii| inakI anya kRti kAmadevacaritra (saM0 1409) kA ullekha milatA hai| merutuMga nAma ke tIna sUri hue haiM unameM se inakA koI vizeSa paricaya nahIM miltaa| cauthe aura pA~caveM tIrthaMkara para bhI saMskRta racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / chaThe tIrthakara padmaprabha para bhI aneka saMskRta kAvyoM kA ullekha milatA hai usameM sarva prathama saM0 1248 meM likhita apanI pravacanasAroddhAraTIkA meM siddhasenasUri ne svaracita padmaprabhacaritra kA ullekha kiyA hai| siddhasena candragacchase saMbaMdhita rAjagaccha ke devaprabhasUri ke ziSya the| bhaTTAraka yuga meM padmaprabha ke carita para saMskRta meM aneka racanAe~ likhI gaI thI / unameM se bha0 sakalakIrti kRta kA ullekha milatA hai tathA bha0 jJAnabhUSaNa ke ziSya bha0 zubhacandra (16-17vIM zatI) kA granthAna 2505 pramANa aura bha0 vidyAbhUSaNa (saM0 1680) tathA somadatta ( saM0 1660) ke padmanAbhapurANa grantha-bhaNDAroM meM milate haiN| sAtaveM tIrthakara supArzva para saMskRta meM koI kAvya upalabdha nahIM hai / 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 422. 2. vahI, pR0 81. 3. vahI, pR0 446. 4. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 338; jinaratnakoza, pR0 234. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 233.

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paurANika mahAkAvya candraprabhacarita: AThaveM tIrthakara candraprabha para aneka saMskRta kAvya upalabdha haiN| unameM prathama AcArya vIranandi (11vIM zatI kA prArambha ) kRta candraprabha mahAkAvya hai jisakA vistAra se varNana mahAkAvyoM ke prasaMga meM kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI kRti asaga kavi (saM0 1045 ke lagabhaga ) kRta kA ullekha milatA hai| asaga kavi kRta zAntinAthacarita aura varddhamAnacarita bhI upalabdha haiN| tIsarI racanA 5325 zloka pramANa hai| isameM vajrAyudha nRpa kI kathA bar3e vistAra se dI gaI hai jisakA uttara bhAga nATaka zailI meM likhA gayA hai| isake racayitA nAgendragacchIya vijayasiMhasUri ke ziSya devendra yA devacandasUri haiN| racanA-saMvat 1260 diyA gayA hai / caturtha racanA kA varNana saMkSepa meM nIce diyA jAtA hai : teraha sargoM kA yaha kAvya aba taka aprakAzita hai| isameM jainoM ke aSTama tIrthakara candraprabha kA carita varNita hai / sargoM ke nAma varNya vastu ke AdhAra para haiM jaise prathama sarga dAnavarNana, dvitIya zIlavarNana aura tRtIya tpovrnnn| isameM 'candraprabha ke bhavAntaroM kA varNana hai hI, sAtha hI vividha stotra aura dharmopadeza samasta kAvya meM phaile haiM aura koI bhI sarga avAntara kathAoM se khAlI nahIM hai / avAntara kathAoM meM kalAvAn-kalAvatI, dhanadatta-devakI, cAritrarAja, samaraketu Adi kI kathAe~ pramukha haiN| mUlakathA aura avAntara kathAe~ aneka camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAoM se paripUrNa haiN| yadyapi yaha kAvya teraha sargoM meM hai, kintu isakI kathA prathama, SaSTha aura saptama ina tIna sargoM meM hI vartamAna hai| zeSa sargoM meM vibhinna dezanAe~ aura avAntara kathAe~ haiN| dvitIya sarga se paMcama sarga taka yugandhara muni kI dezanAe~ tathA aSTama sarga se trayodaza taka candraprabha tIrthaMkara kI dezanAe~ haiN| vibhinna avAntara kathAoM aura dharma-dezanAoM ke kAraNa mUla kathAnaka ati zithila-sA lagatA hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 119. 2. bhAtmavallabha grantha0 saM0 9, muni caraNavijaya dvArA sampAdita, ambAlA, 1930; jinaratnakoza, pR0 119. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 119; hemacandrAcArya jena jJAnamandira, pATana, vastA saM0 78, grantha saM0 1889.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ___ kathA aura upakathAoM ke aneka pAtroM kA caritra-citraNa isameM huA hai para prakRti-citraNa aura kalAtmaka saundarya-citraNa kama hI huA hai| isa kAvya meM dharmopadeza ko adhika sthAna diyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA sarala tathA vaidarbhI rIti se yukta hai| isameM paga-paga para anuprAsamaNDita padavinyAsa upalabdha hotA hai / muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM kA isa carita kI bhASA meM abhAva hai| isameM dezI bhASA ke zabda bhI prayukta nahIM hue tathA samasta padAvalI kA prayoga bhI kama hI huA hai| sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM meM utprekSA aura rUpaka kA prayoga isa carita meM adhika huA hai| isakI racanA anuSTubh vRtta meM huI hai para sargAnta meM anya chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / kavi ne isa carita kA parimANa 6141 zloka pramANa batalAyA hai| kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke anta meM eka prazasti dI gaI hai jisameM kavi kI guru-paramparA dI gaI hai| tadanusAra sarvAnandasUri sudharmAgacchIya the| sudharmAgaccha meM jayasiMha nAma ke eka prasiddha vidvAn hue jinakI paTTa-paramparA meM kramazaH candraprabhasUri, dharmaghoSasUri aura zIlabhadrasUri hue| zIlabhadrasUri ke ziSya guNaratnasUri hue jo prastuta kavi ke guru the| sarvAnandasUri ne isa kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1302 meM kI thI / inakI anya kRti pArzvanAthacarita ( saM0 1291) upalabdha hai| paMcama kRti bhaTTAraka zubhacandrakRta 12 sargAtmaka candraprabhacarita upalabdha hai| anya kaviyoM dvArA likhita ukta kAvya ke ullekha milate haiM jinameM paNDitAcArya (ajJAta samaya ), AMcalikagaccha ke eka sUri, paM0 zivAbhirAma (17 vIM zatI ) tathA dharmacandra ke ziSya dAmodara (saM0 1727) ke nAma jJAta hue haiN|' dAmodara kI kRti jayapura ke paTodo mandira meM hai| nave tIrthakara puSpadanta ke sambandha meM saMskRta meM koI eka racanA zAta hai| dasaveM zItalanAtha para eka kRti kA ullekha milatA hai|' 1. prazasti, zlo0 7-zrI sarvAnandasUri jagaganazamIgarbhazubhrAMzuvarSe (1302). 2. rAjasthAna ke santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 100; jinaratnakoza, pR0 119. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 119. 4. vahI, pR0 381.

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paurANika mahAkAvya zreyAMsanAthacarita: __ gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara para saMskRta meM do kRtiyA~ milatI haiN| unameM prathama hai mAnatuMgasUrikRta / ' isa kAvya meM 13 sarga haiN| yaha 5124 zloka pramANa hai| sargoM kA nAma varNya viSaya ke AdhAra para hai| pratyeka sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga huA hai aura sargAnta meM chanda badala diye gaye haiN| pratyeka saga ke antima padya meM usa sarga kA kathAnaka prastuta karanA zreyAMsanAthacarita kI vizeSatA hai| isameM zreyAMsanAtha ke kevala do bhavoM-nalinIgulma aura mahAzukradeva kA hI varNana hai| kAvya meM ratnasAra, satyakizreSThI, zrIdatta, kamalA Adi aneka avAntara kathAe~ haiM jinameM bhavAntara varNanoM kI pramukhatA hai| sthAna-sthAna para jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM, upadezoM aura stotroM kA varNana hai| kathAnaka meM aneka aprAkRta aura alaukika tatvoM kA samAveza hai| phira bhI isa kAvya ke kathAnaka ke pravAha meM gati aura prabandhAtmakatA hai| katipaya avAntara kathAoM ke hote hue bhI zreyAMsanAthacarita ke kathAnaka meM zithilatA nahIM hai| ___ isa carita ke pramukha pAtroM meM bhuvanabhAnu, nalinIgulma aura zreyAMsanAtha haiM / nalinIgulma aura bhuvanabhAnu ke caritra meM to kucha vikAsa huA hai / zreyAMsanAtha ke caritra meM kisI svataMtra vyaktitva ke dazana nahIM hote haiN| unakA janma aura anya mahotsava anya tIrthakaroM kI bhA~ti hI dikhAye gaye haiN| vividha upadezoM meM unakA upadezaka svarUpa dRSTigata hotA hai| isameM prakRti-citraNa, kathAnaka kI pRSThabhUmi aura ghaTanAoM evaM caritra ke anurUpa vAtAvaraNa nirmANa karane ke lie kiyA hai / 2 pAtroM ke rUpavarNana meM kavi ne vizeSa ruci lI hai| jaina dharma ke ati pracalita niyamoM kA varNana hI isa kAvya meM kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne kaThina dArzanika siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana kI ora apanI ruci nahIM dikhlaaii| sAhityazAstra mAnya vividha rasoM kI yojanA meM isa caritra ke praNetA ko paryApta saphalatA milI hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 400; jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara; vizeSa paricaya DA. zyA0 zaM0 dIkSita likhita '13-14vIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahA kAvya' meM diyA gayA hai| 2. vahI, sarga 1.36-37, 5. 25-26, 28, 29, 10.34-36, 55-56. 3. vahI, sarga 7. 176, 177, 179, 183, 250, 255. 4. vahI, sarga 1. 216-220, 468-70; 2. 233-236, 6. 240-251, 253-54; 10.87-90, 238-240.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa caritra kI bhASA sarala, sundara aura madhura hai| sarvatra prasaMgAnukUla aura bhAvAnuvartinI hai / muhAvaroM kA prayoga kama hI huA hai| isakI bhASA AlaMkArika hai| anuprAsa aura yamaka ke prayoga se bhASA atimadhura aura pravAhapUrNa bana gaI hai| arthAlaMkAroM meM sAdRzyamUlaka upamA, utprekSA aura rUpaka kA prayoga bahuta huA hai| inake sAtha atizayokti, dRSTAnta, parisaMkhyA, vyatireka, bhrAntimAn Adi alaMkAroM ke sundara prayoga yatra-tatra milate haiN| samasta zreyAMsanAthacarita anuSTupa chanda meM nibaddha hai| kevala pratyeka sarga ke antima do-do padya anya chandoM meM haiN| isa prakAra isa caritra meM anuSTupa upajAti, lakSmI, vasantatilakA, AryA, svAgatA tathA zArdUlavikrIDita-ina sAta chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-isa caritra ke anta meM kavi ne eka prazasti dI hai| tadanusAra granthakAra mAnatuMgasUri koTikagaNa kI vairizAkhA ke antargata candragaccha se sambandhita the / candragaccha meM zIlacandra AcArya ke candrasUri, bharatezvarasUri, dhanezasUri, sarvadevasUri tathA dharmaghoSasUri-ye pA~ca ziSya the| inameM dharmaghoSasUri gacchAdhipati hue / sarvadevasUri kI ziSya-paramparA meM kramazaH candraprabhasUri, jinezvarasUri, ratnaprabhari hue| ina ratnaprabhasUri ke ziSya prastuta kAvya ke racayitA mAnatuMgari the| isa kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1332 meM huI thii| isa kAvya kA AdhAra devabhadrAcArya viracita prAkRta zreyAMsanAthacarita hai| yaha bAta kavi ne sarga prathama ke 13 aura 18 veM padya meM sUcita kI hai| isa kAvya kA saMzodhana prasiddha saMzodhaka pradyumnasUri ne kiyA thaa| zreyAMsanAtha para dUsarI racanA bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti (saM0 1722-33) kRta kA ullekha milatA hai| 1. vahI, sarga .. 170, 251, 427, 428, 2.326-130, 0.61. 2. vahI, prazasti, zlo0 12. 3. puNDarIkacarita, sarga 13.144-145. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 400.

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paurANika mahAkAnya 1.1 vAsupUjyacarita: bArahaveM tIrthaMkara para saMskRta meM eka mAtra kAvya milatA hai jisakA vivecana isa prakAra hai: isa kAvya meM vAsupUjya kA carita varNita hai| yaha grantha yadyapi cAra hI sargoM meM vibhakta hai para granthaparimANa lagabhaga 5 // hajAra zloka pramANa hai| isa kAvya ke kathAnaka kA AdhAra prAcIna jaina purANa grantha haiN| yaha AhvAdanAGkita kAvya hai / sargoM kA nAma varNyaviSaya ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| isameM vAsupUjya ke bhavAntaroM kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana kiyA gayA hai / samasta kathAnaka meM stotra aura dharmopadeza phaile hue haiN| isameM apane samaya meM racita kAvyoM kI apekSA adhika avAntara kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| puNyADhya, haMsakezava, ratisAra, vidyApati, sanatkumAra, zRMgArasundarI, saMvara, candrodara, sUracandra, vikrama, haMsa, lakSmIkuMja, nAgila, siMha, dharma, surasena-mahAsena, kezarI, sumitra, mitrAnanda aura sumitrA ina unnIsa avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA isa kAvya meM kI gaI hai / ina kathAoM ke bhItara bhI upakathAe~ dI gaI haiN| kathAoM meM aneka camatkArI tatvoM kA samAveza huA hai| ___ caritravikAsa kI dRSTi se isameM tIrthakara vAsupUjya ke caritra kA pUrNa vikAsa huA hai| zeSa caritra-vimalabodhi, vajranAbha, jayA Adi kucha samaya ke lie hI hamAre samakSa Ate haiN| kavi ke prakRti-citraNa aura saundarya-citraNa prAyaH dhArmikatA se otaprota haiM aura jo haiM ve kama hI haiN| dhArmika aura dArzanika tattvoM kI carcA yatratatra khUba kI gaI hai| prastuta kAvya ke anta ke do sargoM meM sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM, paramparAoM aura vizvAsoM kA sundara citraNa huA hai| vAsupUjya ke janma se lekara dIkSA ke avasara taka laukika rItirivAjoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa carita kI bhASA sarasa aura sarala saMskRta hai| isake anuSTup chandoM meM madhuratA aura lAlitya bharA huA hai| kahIM-kahIM 8-10 zlokoM ke kulakoM meM lambe-lambe samAsoM se yukta padAvalI kA prayoga huA hai| para kavi ne prAyaH asamasta zailI kA prayoga hI kiyA hai| isa carita kI bhASA meM AlaMkAritA 1. jaina-dharma prasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara, saM0 1966; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAma_ nagara, 1928-30; jinaratnakoza, pR0 348. 2. vahI, sarga 3. 350-400, 540-596. 3. vahI, sarga 2. 991, 3. 406-409.

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102 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sarvatra vidyamAna hai| anuprAsa aura yamaka jaise alaMkAroM kA prayoga isameM bahuta huA hai| arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, dRSTAnta aura arthAntaranyAsa Adi sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM kI yojanA bhI yatratatra huI hai| isa taraha vividha alaMkAroM ke prayoga se racayitA ne apane kAvya ke kalApakSa ko samRddha kiyA hai| prastuta kAvya meM anuSTubh aura vasantatilakA kevala ina do chandoM kA hI prayoga huA hai| samasta sargoM meM anuSTubha chanda kA prayoga huA hai aura sargAnta meM antima do padyoM meM vasantatilakA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa carita kA racanA-parimANa 5494 zloka-pramANa hai| yaha bAta svayaM kavi ne prazasti meM kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-kAvya ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti meM kavi kI guru-paramparA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| tadanusAra granthakartA vardhamAnasUri nAgendragacchIya the| nAgendragaccha meM vIrasUri ke ziSya paramAravaMzIya vadhamAnasUri hue| unake paTTapara kramazaH zrI rAmasUri, candradevasUri, abhayadevasUri, dhanezvarasUri aura vijayasiMhasUri hue| vijayasiMhasUri ke ziSya hI prastuta kAvya ke racayitA vardhamAnasUri haiN| unhoMne aNahillapura meM isa kAvya kI racanA saM0 1299 meM kI thii| vimalanAthacarita: __terahaveM tIrthaMkara para saMskRta meM cAra racanAe~ upalabdha haiN| unameM pahalI hai pA~ca sargoM kA gadya meM racita sundara caritakAvya / isakA nAma to vimalanAthacarita hai para isake prathama tIna sargoM kA nAma kramazaH dAnadharmAdhikAra, zIla-tapadharmAdhikAra aura bhAvAdhikAra hai, zeSa do meM tIrthakara vimalanAtha ke garbha, janma, tapa, kevalajJAna, dezanA Adi kA varNana hai| pahale dAnadharmAdhikAra meM vimalanAtha ke pUrvabhava ke jIva rAjA padmasena ke varNana prasaMga meM, dharma kI zreSThatA para subuddhi kI kathA, kadAgraha para kulaputraka kI kathA, dAnadharma para ratnacUr3a kI kathA 1. vahI, sarga 1. 1, 44, 2. 762, 763, 2076; 3. 9, 20, 433, 434, 656. 2. vahI, prazasti, zloka 28-31. 3. tato'sau nidhinidhyarkasaMkhye (1299) vikramavatsare / AcAryazcaritaM cakre vAsupUjyavibhoridam // 4. hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1910; isa grantha kA gujarAtI anuvAda jaina bhAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se saM0 1985 meM prakAzita huA hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya ( isameM bAlaka rohaka kI avAntara kathA ), ati lobha para somazarmA kI kathA tathA vANI se jItane vAlI seThAnI kI kathA dI gaI hai| dUsare zolatapadharmAdhikAra meM zIla ke mAhAtmya para zIlavatI kI kathA, tapa-dharma para nirbhAgya kI kathA, jinapRjA para devapAla kI kathA, gurubhakti para zreSThiputra mugdha kI kathA, dharmabhakti para amarasiMha aura pUrNakalaza kI kathA tathA pramAda para viSNuzarmA kI kathA dI gaI hai| tIsare bhAvAdhikAra meM bhAvadharma ke Upara candrodara kI kathA tathA vimalanAtha ke pUrvabhava ke jIva padmana rAjA dvArA paMcasamiti aura trigupti pAlana tathA paMcasamiti aura trigupti meM se pratyeka samiti ke mAhAtmya para eka-eka kathA dI gaI hai| ___isake bAda padmasena nRpa ne 20 sthAnaka kI ArAdhanA se tIrthakara prakRti bAMdhI aura marakara sahasrAra loka gyaa| caturtha sarga meM sahasrAra svarga se vyuta hokara vimalanAtha kA garbha meM AnA tathA janma-mahotsava, vratagrahaNa. kevala jJAna kA varNana hai| bIca meM varuNa seTha ke cAra putroM kI kathA tathA lobhAkara lobhAnandI kI kathAe~ AtI haiN| pA~caveM sarga meM zrAvakadharma ke upadeza para 12 vratoM para kramazaH nRpazekhara, vimalakamala, suradatta-kamalasena, candra-surendradatta, devadatta jayadatta, rohiNeya aura usake pitA, svaNazekhara-mahendra, vIrasena-padmAvatI, vAnara-aruNa deva, vAkajaMgha, malayaketu, zAntimatI-padmalocanA kI kathAe~ aura samyaktva para kuladhvaja kI kathA dI gaI hai| pIche gaNadhara kI dharmadezanA aura vimalanAtha ke nirvANa gamana kA varNana hai| granthakAra tathA racanAkAla-grantha ke anta meM eka prazasti dI gaI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki staMbhatIrtha ( khaMbhAta ) meM bRhattapAgaccha ke ratnasiMha ke ziSya jJAnasAgara ne saMvat 1517 meM zrAvaNa kRSNa paJcamI ke dina zANarAja seTha kI prArthanA para isa grantha ko banAyA thaa| zANarAja seTha ne ratnasiMhasUri ke upadeza se giranAra parvata para vimalanAtha kA mandira banAyA thA aura sambhava hai unakA carita likhane kI usane prArthanA bhI kI thii| inakI dUsarI racanA zAntinAthacarita milatI hai| anya racanAoM meM brahmacArI kRSNajiSNu yA kRSNadAsa kA vimalapurANa' 10 sargAtmaka milatA hai| isameM 2364 zloka haiN| granthakartA ne apane ko bhaTTAraka 1. mUla aura paM0 gajAdharalAlakRta anuvAda-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, saM0 1981, zrIlAla zAstrIkRta anuvAda-bhA. jai0 si. pra. kalakattA tathA jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, klkttaa|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zrI ratnabhUSaNa ke AmnAya kA tathA ubhaya bhASA-cakravartI kahA hai| apane pitA kA nAma harSadeva aura mAtA kA nAma vIrikA diyA hai| isa grantha kI racanA kavi ne apane anuja bra0 maMgaladAsa kI sahAyatA se kI thii| yaha prasAdapUrNa cittAkarSaka racanA hai| ____eka anya racanA saM0 1578 meM indrahaMsagaNikRta hai tathA dUsarI ratnanandigaNikRta aura kucha ajJAta kartRka bhI upalabdha haiN|' caudahaveM tIrthakara para vAsavasenakRta anantanAthapurANa nAmaka racanA kA ullekhamAtra milatA hai / pandrahaveM tIrthakara dharmanAtha para kucha sAdhAraNa koTi kI tathA kucha mahattvapUrNa racanAe~ haiN| saM0 1216 meM nemicandrakRta dharmanAthacarita milatA hai| sambhavataH ye nemicandra vahI haiM jinhoMne saM0 1213 meM prAkRta meM anantanAthacarita kI racanA kI thii| dUsarI racanA mahAkavi haricandrakRta dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya hai| isakA varNana hama zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM ke prasaMga meM kreNge| tRtIya racanA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti (15vIM zatI) kRta hai / solahave tIrthakara zAntinAtha, tIrthakara ke atirikta pacama cakravartI tathA kAmadevoM meM se eka the| unakA carita jaina lekhakoM ko bar3A rocaka lagA isalie una para anekoM kAvya saMskRta meM likhe gaye haiN| yahA~ unakA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| zAntinAthapurANa : isa carita meM 16 sarga haiM jinameM kula milAkara 2500 padya haiN| isakI racanA zaka saM0 910 ke lagabhaga huI hai| racayitA asaga kavi haiM jinake candraprabhacarita aura mahAvIracarita upalabdha haiN| isa kAvya ke sAtaveM sarga meM nAsikya nagara ke bAhara gajadhvaja zaila kA ullekha hai jise gajapaMtha tIrtha ke AsapAsa ke kSetra se pahacAnA gayA hai| yaha ukta tIrtha kI prAcInatA kA dyotaka hai|' kavi asaga kI eka anyakRti laghuzAntipurANa bhI milatI hai jisameM 12 sarga haiM / yaha lagatA hai ki kavi ke 16 sargAtmaka zAntipurANa kA laghurUpa hai|" 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 358. 2. vahI, pR0 7. 3. vahI, pR0 189. 4. sarga 7.98; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 431. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 336.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 1. zAntinAthacarita: ___ yaha mammaTakRta kAvyaprakAza ke TIkAkAra mANikyacandrasUri kI dasarI racanA hai| isakI eka tADapatrIya prati milatI hai| isameM ATha sarga haiN| isakA racanA. vistAra 5574 zloka-pramANa hai jo kavi ne svayaM nirdiSTa kiyA hai| isakA AdhAra haribhadrasUrikRta samarAiccakahA mAnA jAtA hai| . isameM vaise mahAkAvya ke prAyaH sabhI bAhyalakSaNa samAviSTa haiM para bhASAzaithilya, sarvAMgINa jIvana ke citra upasthita karane kI akSamatA evaM mArmika sthaloM kI kamI ise pramukha mahAkAvya mAnane meM bAdhaka haiN| sargoM ke nAma varNita ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para rakhe gaye haiN| isameM sthAna-sthAna para jainadharma-saMbaMdhI upadeza haiM / saptama sarga to jainadharma ke siddhAntoM se hI paripUrNa hai| kAvya vairAgyamUlaka aura zAntarasa paryavasAyI hai| isakA kathAnaka zithila hai aura isameM prabandharUr3hiyoM kA pAlana huA hai| maMgalAcaraNa paramabrahma kI stuti se prAraMbha hotA hai| carita meM avAntara kathAoM kI bharamAra hai| chaThe, sAtaveM aura AThaveM saga meM vividha AkhyAnoM kA samAveza hai| kaI sthaloM para svamata-prazaMsA aura paramata-khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM stotroM aura mAhAtmya varNanoM kI pracuratA bhI dikhAI detI hai| chaThe aura AThaveM sarga meM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ke stAMtra tathA kaI tIrthoM ke mAhAtmya kA varNana hai| __ isa zAntinAthacarita kA kathAnaka ThIka vahI hai jo munibhadrasUrikRta zAntinAtha mahAkAvya kA hai para isameM kathAnaka kA vibhAjana navIna DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| isameM prathama sarga meM zAntinAtha ke prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya bhava kA varNana hai, dvitIya sarga meM caturtha aura paMcama bhava, tRtIya sarga meM SaSTha aura saptama bhava kA, caturtha sarga meM aSTama aura navama bhava kA tathA paMcama saga meM dazama aura ekAdaza bhava kA varNana hai / SaSTha sarga meM zAntinAtha ke janma, rAjyAbhiSeka, dIkSA, kevalotpatti tathA dezanA kA varNana hai| saptama sarga meM dezanA ke antargata dvAdazabhAva tathA zIla kI mahimA kA varNana hai aura aSTama sarga meM zrI zAntinAtha ke nirvANa kA varNana hai / kathAnaka-vibhAjana kI dRSTi se hI nahIM apitu navIna avAntara - 1. jinaratnakoza, pR. 180; hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAnamandira, prati 46 / 865. 2. catuHsaptatisaMyukte paMcapaMcAzatA zato (?) / pratyakSaragaNanayA granthamAnaM bhavediha // granthAgraM 5574 // -prazasti, zloka 20.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kathAoM kI yojanA meM bhI mANikyacandrasUri ne apanI maulikatA pradarzita kI hai| isameM kevala cAra hI pAtroM arthAt zAntinAtha, cakrAyudha, azaninirghoSa aura sutArA ke caritacitraNa kA prayAsa kavi ne kiyA hai| zeSa pAtroM kA caritra paramparA sammata hai, usakA vikAsa nahIM huaa| isakI bhASA sarala aura prasAdaguNa yukta hai| adhikatara isameM choTe samAsoM vAlI yA samAsarahita padAvalI kA prayoga huA hai| isameM zabdAlaMkAra ke yamaka aura anuprAsa ke prayoga se bhASA meM pravAha aura mAdhurya A gayA hai| arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka evaM virodhAbhAsa Adi alaMkAroM kI sundara yojanA huI hai| isameM prAyaH anuSTubh chanda kA prayoga huA hai para pratyeka sarga ke anta meM chanda badala diyA gayA hai aura mAlinI, vasantatilakA, zArdUlavikrIDita Adi kucha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kaviparicaya evaM racanAkAla-kAvya ke anta meM jA prazasti dI gaI hai usameM upalabdha guruparamparA kA varNana kavi kRta pUrvaracanA pArzvanAthacarita kI prazasti ke vivaraNa se pUrNataH milatA hai| isase yaha nirvivAda hai ki isake racayitA mANikyacandrasUri haiN| isa kAvya kA samApti kasAmbiti nagara meM dIpAvalI ke dina somavAra ko huI thI, jaisA ki kavi ne prazasti meM kahA hai : dIpotsave zazidine zrImanmANikyasUribhiH / kasAmivatyAM mahApuryAM zrIgrantho'yaM samarthitaH / / para isase isa grantha kA racanA-saMvat nahIM mAlUma hotaa| mANikyacandra kI anyakRti pArzvanAthacarita kA racanAkAla usakI prazasti meM vi0 saM0 1276 diyA gayA hai| saM0 1276 meM hI vastupAla ko maMtrIpada milA thA aura jinabhadrakRta prabaMdhAvalI meM vastupAla aura mANikyacandra ke acche samparka kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isase unakA vi0 saM0 1276 ke bAda taka jIvita rahanA sunizcita hai / mANikyacandra kI eka anyakRti kAvyaprakAza para saMketa TIkA hai jisakI prazasti se usako racanA kI dhvani saM0 1246 athavA saM0 1266 nikalatI hai| isase saMbhava hai ki ukta racanA saMketa TIkA aura pArzvanAthacarita ke bIca yA kucha bAda avazya huI hogii| moTe rUpa se zAntinAthacarita kI racanA vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI kA uttarAdha mAnane meM Apatti na honI caahie| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha kavi kI vRddhAvasthA kI kRti hogI kyoMki isa kRti meM kavi apane pANDitya pradarzana ke prati udAsIna hai jaba ki kAvya-prakAzasaMketa meM unake praur3ha pANDitya aura asAmAnya buddhi ke darzana hote

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paurANika mahAkAvya haiN| kavi ne isa kAvya kI racanA dharmabhAvanA se prerita hokara svAntaH sukhAya kI hai|' kavi kA vizeSa paricaya unakI anyakRti pAzvanAthacarita ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| 2. zAntinAthacarita : ___yaha 6 sargAtmaka kRti hai| isameM 5000 zloka haiN| isake racayitA paurNamikagacchIya ajitaprabhasUri haiM jo vIraprabhasUri ke ziSya haiN| inakI guruparamparA isa prakAra thI : paurNamikagaccha meM candrasUri, unake ziSya devasUri, unaka tilakaprabha aura unake ziSya vIraprabha / isa grantha kI racanA saM0 1307 meM huI tho / isa sUri kA eka anya grantha bhAvanAsAra milatA hai jo ukta carita se pahale banAyA gayA thaa| 3. zAntinAthacarita: __yaha sAta sarga kA eka kAvya hai|' isakA pramANa 4855 zloka hai| isa kAvya ke kathAnaka kA AdhAra prAcIna carita grantha haiN| sargoM ke nAma varNanIya kathA para AdhArita haiN| eka sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai aura sargAnta meM vibhinna chandoM ke dvArA kathA parivartana kI ora kiMcit saMketa kiyA gayA hai| isameM zAntinAtha, vajrAyudha, azanighoSa, sutArA Adi ke bhavAntaroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| anya purANoM kI bhA~ti isameM alaukika aura atiprAkRtika kAryoM kI bharamAra hai| maMgalakumbha dhanada, amaradatta nRpa Adi aneka avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA ke kAraNa kathAnaka meM zithilatA A gaI hai| 1. zAntinAthacarita, sarga 1, zloka 33.34H prakrAnto'yamupakramaH khalu mayA kiM taraMgahyakramaH / svasyAnusmRtaye jaDopakRtaye ceto vinodAya ca // 2. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1973, jinaratnakoza, pR0 379; viDilayo0 innddikaa| isakA gujarAtI anuvAda bhI upalabdha hai jo jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se saM0 2003 meM prakAzita huA hai| 3. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 410. 4. hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAnamandira, pATana, hasta0 kra. 425 tathA 6840. isa kRti kA paricaya DA. zyAmazaMkara dIkSita ke zodhaprabandha 'terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta-mahAkAvya' ke aprakAzita aMza meM vistAra ke sAtha dRSTavya hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prastuta kAvya munibhadrasUrikRta zAntinAthacarita mahAkAvya se pahale likhA gayA hai| donoM ke kathAnaka aura avAntara kathAoM meM pUrNa sAmya hai| kathAoM kA krama bhI donoM meM eka-sA hai| isalie munibhadrasUri kI kRti kA AdhAra prastuta grantha hI hai| kintu mUla kathA ke vibhAjana meM donoM maulika haiN| munibhadrasari ne kathA ko 19 sargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai jabaki prastuta kAvya meM kathAnaka kA vibhAjana 7 sargoM meM hI huA hai| isake prathama sarga meM zAntinAtha ke prArambha ke tIna bhavoM kA, dvitIya meM caturtha aura paMcama bhava kA, tRtIya sarga meM SaSTha aura saptama bhava kA, caturtha sarga meM aSTama aura navama bhava kA tathA paMcama meM dazama aura ekAdaza bhava kA varNana hai / SaSTha sarga meM zAntinAtha ke janma se dIkSA taka evaM dezanAoM kA aura saptama meM unake mokSagamana kA varNana hai| vividha avAntara kathAoM ke kAraNa kathAnaka ke pravAha meM zithilatA-sI A gaI hai| isameM zAntinAtha, unake putra cakrAyudha aura azanighoSa tathA sutArA ye cAra pAtra hI pramukha haiN| prakRti-citraNa aura saundarya-citraNa dhArmikatA se anuprANita hone ke kAraNa vyApaka rUpa se sthAna nahIM pA sake haiN| jainadharma ke siddhAntoM aura niyamoM kA vivecana aneka sthaloM para huA hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA sarala aura prasAda guNa pradhAna hai aura bhAva vyakta karane meM sakSama hai / alaMkAroM kI yojanA karane meM kavi kA vizeSa Agraha nahIM dikhAI par3atA phira bhI kucheka to bhASApravAha meM A gaye haiN| zabdAlaMkAra meM anuprAsa aura yamaka kA prayoga adhika huA hai aura arthAlaMkAra meM upamA, utprekSA aura rUpaka kaa| isameM anuSTubh chanda kA prayoga huA hai aura sargAnta meM chanda-parivartana huA hai jinameM zArdUlavikrIDita, AryA, zikhariNI, vasantatilakA tathA upajAti chandoM kA prayoga hai| kavi ne isa kAvya kA racanA parimANa 4855 zloka-pramANa batAyA hai| granthakAra va racanAkAla-kAvya ke anta meM prazasti dekara kavi ne apanA paricaya diyA hai| jisase jJAta hotA hai ki munidevasUri bRhadgacchIya the| unhoMne guruparamparA bhI dI hai / tadanusAra isa gaccha meM municandra nAmaka vidvAn sUri hue, 1. vahI, prazasti, zloka 18 : pratyakSaraM ca saMkhyAnAt paMcapaMcAzatAdhikA / asminmanuSTubhAmaSThacatvAriMzacchatItyeva

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paurANika mahAkAvya unakI paTTaparamparA meM kramazaH devasUri, bhadrezvarasUri, abhayadevasUri, madanacandrari hue| prastuta granthakAra munidevasUri madanacandrasUri ke ziSya the| unhoMne prastuta kRti kI racanA saM0 1322 meM kii| isa kAvya ke saMzodhaka zrI pradyumnasUri the| prastuta zAntinAthacarita kA AdhAra hemacandrAcArya ke gurudevacandrasUri kRta prAkRta meM nibaddha bRhad zAntinAthacarita hai / sambhavataH isIlie munidevasUri ne pratyeka sarga ke anta meM devacandrasUri kI stuti kI hai| ___munidevasUri ke ukta caritra ko AdhAra banAkara zAstrIya mahAkAkSya kI zailI para 19 sargAtmaka zAntinAthacarita kI racanA bRhadgacchoya munibhadrasUri ne saM0 1910 meM kI thI jisakA vivaraNa zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM ke prasaMga meM prastuta kiyA jaayegaa| 4. zAntinAthacarita: ___ isameM 16 ve tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kA caritra varNita hai| ve tIrthaMkara ke sAtha cakravartI aura kAmadeva bhI the| unakI ina sabhI vizeSatAoM kA isa kAvya meM varNana hai| kAbya meM 16 adhikAra haiM tathA granthAna 4375 zloka-pramANa hai| isakI bhASA AlaMkArika tathA varNana rocaka evaM prabhAvaka hai| prArambha meM zRMgAra rasa ke sthAna meM zAnta rasa kI ora pravRtti para kavi ne acchA prakAza DAlA hai| 5. zAntinAthacarita : ise sarala saMskRta gadya meM saM0 1535 meM bhAvacandrasUri ne racA hai| ye pUrNimAgaccha ke pArzvacandra ke praziSya evaM jayacandra ke ziSya the / grantha kA 1. vahI, prazasti, zloka 11. 2. vahI, sarga 1, zloka 17 : zrIpradyumnazciraM nandyAt granthasyAsya vizuddhikRt / 3. vahI, sarga 1, zlo0 357. 4. dulIcandra pannAlAla devarI, 1923, hindI anuvAda sahita-jinavANI pra0 kA0, kalakattA, 1939. isakA anuvAda sUrata se paM0 lAlArAma zAstrI-kRta bhI upalabdha hai| jinaratnakAMza, pR0 379; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR: 516; jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1911; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1924; zAMtisUri jaina0 gra0, ahamadAbAda, saM0 1995; gujarAtI anuvAda, bhAvanagara, saM0 1978.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pramANa 6500 zloka hai| isa grantha kI granthakAra dvArA likhI gaI saM0 1535 kI eka prati lAlabAga, bambaI ke eka bhaNDAra se milI hai| isake 6 prastAvoM meM zAntinAtha tIrthakara ke 12 bhavoM kA varNana hai / varNana krama meM aneka upadezAtmaka kahAniyA~ bhI A gaI haiM jisase grantha kA AkAra bahuta bar3ha gayA hai| bIca bIca meM prasaMgavaza granthAntaroM se lekara prAkRta aura saMskRta padyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| grantha ke samApta hote-hote ratnacUr3a kI saMkSipta kathA bhI dI gaI hai| zAntinAtha viSayaka anya racanAe~ jJAnasAgara (saM0 1517 ), aMcalagaccha ke udayasAgara (granthAna 2700), vatsarAja (hIrA0 haMsa0 jAmanagara 1914 prakAzita ), harSabhUSaNagaNi, kanakaprabha (granthAna 485), ratnazekharasUri (granthAna 7000), bhaTTA0 zAntikIrti, guNasena, brahmadeva, brahmajayasAgara aura zrIbhUSaNa (saM0 1659 ) Adi kI milatI haiN| dharmacandragaNi ne zAntinAtharAjyAbhiSeka aura harSapramoda ke ziSya Anandapramoda ne zAntinAthavivAha nAmaka racanAe~ bhI likhI haiN| kucha ajJAta nAmA vyaktiyoM kI bhI racanAe~ milatI haiN| meghavijayagaNi (18 vIM zatI) kA zAntinAthacarita kAvya upalabdha hai jo neSadhIyacarita ke pAdoM ke AdhAra se zAntinAtha kA jIvanacarita prastuta karatA hai| usakA vivecana hama pAdapUrti-sAhitya ke prasaMga meM kreNge| ___ sattarahaveM tIrthakara kunthunAtha para padmaprabha ziSyaM vibudhaprabhasUri (13 vIM zatI) kI kRti (granthAna 5555 ) kA ullekha milatA hai / aThArahaveM aranAtha para abhItaka koI racanA upalabdha nahIM huI hai| mallinAthacarita: unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara para aneka saMskRta racanAe~ upalabdha haiN| unameM prathama hai ATha soM kA 'vinayAMkita' mahAkAvya / sargoM kA nAma varNyaviSaya ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM mithilA rAjakumArI malli ke atirikta sAketa nRpa pratibuddha, campAnRpa candracchAya, zrAvasti nareza rukmI, vArANasI bhUpa zaMkha, hastinApureza adInazatru tathA kAMpilyarAja jitazatru ke bhavAntaroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| pratyekabuddha ratnacandrakathA, satya haricandra kathA Adi aneka avAntara 1. jinaralakoza, pR0 180-381. 2. vahI, pR0 91. 3. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, saM0 29, vI0 saM0 2438. ..

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paurANika mahAkAvya kathAoM kI yojanA bhI isameM kI gaI hai / ina avAntara kathAoM ke kAraNa kathAvastu meM zithilatA A gaI hai| prathama tIna sargoM meM kathA drutagati se Age bar3hatI gaI hai parantu caturtha sarga se kathA kI gati manthara ho jAtI hai| chaThe sarga se to kathA kI gati bahuta hI zithila-sI dIkha par3atI hai| isa kAvya meM zvetAmbara jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra mallinAtha ko strI mAnA gayA hai| isameM yadyapi aneka pAtra haiM para malli ke caritra ke atirikta anya kinhIM caritroM kA vikAsa nahIM huA hai / prakRti-citraNa bhI khUba kiyA gayA hai / jisameM parvata, samudra, SaTaRtu, sUryodaya, sUryAsta, udyAna-krIr3A Adi kA varNana svAbhAvika evaM bhavya hai| paurANika mahAkAvya hone se isa caritra meM alaukika evaM camatkArika tattvoM kA samAveza bhI kiyA gayA hai| yatratatra dhArmika tattva tathA vividha jJAna bhI kavi ne isa kAvya meM pradarzita kiye haiN| isa carita kI bhASA prasAdagugamayI, sarala aura bhAvapUrNa hai| bhASA para kavi kA acchA adhikAra dikhAI par3atA hai| prasaMgoM ke anusAra vaha kahIM madhura aura snigdha hai to kahIM ojapUrNa, to kahIM gambhIra hai| yahA~ bhASA kA vyAvahArika rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai| usameM dezI bhASA se prabhAvita zabdoM kA prayoga haA hai| isa kAvya meM janapracalita lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM kA prayoga bhI pracuratA se huA hai| isa carita kI racanA anuSTubha chanda meM kI gaI hai para sargAnta meM chanda parivartana kara diyA gayA hai| isa samasta kAvya meM anuSTubha , zArdUlavikrIDita, mAlinI, indravajrA aura zikhariNI-ina pA~ca chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| alaMkAra yojanA meM kavi ne koI vizeSa prayAsa nahIM kiyA hai phira bhI kahIM-kahIM upamA aura rUpaka alaMkAroM ke acche udAharaNa mila jAte haiN| kavi kA zabdAlaMkAroM kI ora jhukAva adhika hai| mallinAthacarita kA racanA-parimANa prakAzita prati ke anusAra 4355 zloka siddha hotA hai| jinaralakoza meM isakA parimANa 4250 zloka diyA gayA hai| 1. vahI, sarga 1. 116-18 7. 240-243, 8. 127 Adi / 2. vahI, 1. 51; 2. 61 2. 390, 2. 498, 7. 563, 8.306. 3. vahI, 7. 164, 2. 103, 2. 4127. 233, 8.336, 9. 287. 4. vahIM, sarga 8. 537, 7. 1025, 3. 6.

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112 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kartA tathA racanAkAla-isake racayitA vinayacandrasUri haiM jinake viSaya meM unakI anya kRti pArzvanAthacarita ke varNana meM kahA gayA hai| mallinAthacarita kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isa grantha kI racanA raviprabhasUri ke ziSya narendraprabha tathA narasiMhasUri ke anurodha para huI hai| mallinAthacaritra kA saMzodhana kanakaprabhasUri ke ziSya pradyumnasUri ne kiyA thaa| anya granthakAroM meM zubhavardhanagaNi, vijayasUri ( racanA 4620 granthAna pramANa ), bhaTTA0 sakalakIrti aura bhaTTA. prabhAcandrakRta' mallinAthacarita upalabdha hote haiN| bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti-kRta mallinAthacarita meM 7 sarga haiM jinameM 874 zloka haiN| bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvratanAtha para bhI ATha ke lagabhaga saMskRta kAvyoM kA nirmANa huA hai| unameM se eka amamasvAmicarita Adi granthoM ke racayitA paurNamikagacchIya muniratnasUrikRta (laga0 saM0 1252) 6806 zloka-pramANa hai| yaha kAvya 23 sargoM meM vibhakta hai| abataka yaha aprakAzita hai| sUri kA paricaya inakI prakAzita kRti amamasvAmi-carita ke sAtha diyA jA rahA hai| dvitIya munisuvratacarita vibudhaprabha ke ziSya padmaprabhasUripraNIta hai jo saM0 1294 meM racA gayA thaa| isakA parimANa 5555 zloka hai| kartA kI anya racanA kunthucarita saM0 1304 kI milatI hai| yahI granthakAra pArzvastava, bhuvanadIpaka Adi ke bhI kartA haiM yA koI dUsare padmaprabha isa bAta kA abataka nizcaya nahIM ho sakA hai| tRtIya racanA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ataH usakA paricaya prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. vahI, prazasti, zloka 9. 2. horAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1930. 3. jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, saM0 1979, hindI-gajAdharalAla zAstrI / isakI prAcIna ha. li. prati saM0 1515 kI milatI hai| . jinaratnakoza, pR0 303. 5. vahI, pR. 301. 6. vahI. 7. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 396.

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paurANika mahAkAvya munisuvratacarita: ___ vinaya' zabdAGkita isa kAvya meM ATha sarga haiN|' isake racayitA vinayacandrasUri haiN| samasta kAvya meM dhArmika rUr3hiyoM aura gatAnugatikatA kA pUrNarUpa se pAlana kiyA gayA hai| munisuvratasvAmI ke bhavAntaroM kA varNana hai sAtha hI avAntara aura prAsaMgika kathAoM ke kAraNa kathAnaka meM zithilatA-sI A gaI hai| prathama sarga meM hI tIna avAntara kathAoM-mevAhana, saMkAzazravi aura abhyaMkara cakravartI kathA kI yojanA kI gaI hai| anya sargoM meM vividha kathAoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| kAvya meM aneka alaukika aura aprAkRta tattvoM kA samAveza dIkha par3atA hai| vaise munisuvratacarita kA kathAnaka laghu hai para avAntara kathAoM ke samAveza ke kAraNa isakA mahAkAvyocita vistAra ho gayA hai| para kathAoM ke Adhikya se kathAnaka meM zaithilya A gayA hai aura usake pravAha meM aneka sthaloM meM bAdhA-sI par3I hai| yadyapi isameM aneka pAtra haiM para kevala munisuvrata ke caritra kA hI vikAsa ho sakA hai| zeSa usI kI chAyA meM Ate-jAte dikhAI par3ate haiN| isa kAvya meM kavi prakRti-citraNa ke prati udAsa se dikhate haiM / unhoMne kucha hI sthaloM para prakRti-citraNa kiyA hai| prakRti-citraNa kI bhA~ti saundarya-citraNa bhI bahuta kama kiyA gayA hai| para isameM jainadharma ke niyamoM aura siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana pramakhatA se huA hai| isa carita meM sarala bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM samAsapradhAna bhASA kA upayoga huA hai / lekhaka ne apanI bhASA ko vividha sUktiyoM aura mahAvaroM se sajAyA hai| jisase bhASA meM sajIvatA aura bhAvamayatA A gaI hai| tatkAlIna pracalita dezI bhASA ke zabdoM ko bhI isa kAvya meM grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai jaise kanduka ke sthAna meM genduka aura zuNDA ke sthAna para zUddha, aja ke 1. landhisUrIzvara jaina granthamAlA, chANI ( bar3audA ), vi0 saM0 2013; jina ratnakoza, pR0 311. 2. sarga 1. 223; 1. 264-265, 5. 5, 6. 75, 6. 143, 147; 7. 441-443 prabhRti / 3. sarga 2. 534, 6. 250; 7. 400, 8. 284, 8. 331; 9. 4 13.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sthAna meM bakkara Adi / munisuvratacarita kI racanA yadyapi saMskRta meM huI tathApi isameM kahIM-kahIM para prAkRta kA prayoga bhI milatA hai / ' alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM kavi kI adhika ruci pratIta nahIM hotI phira bhI kucha to svataH hI bhASA pravAha anuprAsa kA prayoga padyoM meM dRSTigocara utprekSA aura sandeha kA prayoga adhika 114 meM A gaye haiM / zabdAlaMkAroM meM hotA hai / arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, huA hai| munisuvratacarita ke pratyeka sarga meM anuSTupa kA prayoga huA hai aura sarga ke anta meM chanda parivartita kara diyA gayA hai / kula milAkara gyAraha chandoM kA prayoga isa kAvya meM huA hai : anuSTup zArdUlavikrIDita, AryA, mAlinI. upajAti, sagdharA, mandAkrAntA, hariNI, zikhariNI, indravajrA aura vaMzastha | grantha 4552 zloka-pramANa hai jo ki aSTama sarga kI puSpikA meM diyA gayA hai| * kavi paricaya evaM racanAkAla - isa kAvya ke racayitA ve hI vinayacandrasUri haiM jinhoMne mallinAthacarita evaM pArzvanAthacarita likhA hai / isakI racanA kaba kI gaI yaha kavi ne ullekha nahIM kiyA hai parantu yaha mallinAthacarita ke bAda racA gayA hai aisI sUcanA eka padya se dI gaI hai| isa kAvya kI racanA kavi ne puNyArjana kI kAmanA se hI kI hai| inakA vizeSa paricaya pArzvanAthacarita ke prasaMga meM diyA jA rahA hai / anya kRtiyoM meM arhaddAsa' kavikRta munisuvratakAvya kA varNana viziSTa mahAkAvyoM ke prasaMga meM kiyA jAyagA / isake atirikta kRSNadAsakRta munisuvratakAvya 23 sargoM meM hai jisakA nirmANa kalpavallI meM saM0 1681 meM huA thA / kezavasena, bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti ( vi0 saM0 1722 - 1733 ) tathA hariSeNakRta munisuvrata- kAvyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| 1. sarga 4. 358-359. 2. sarga 1. 7. 3. sarga 8. 364. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 312. 5. vahI, pR0 312. 6. vahI, pR0 312.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 115 ikkIsaveM tIrthakara naminAtha para eka carita-kAvya kA ullekha mAtra milatA hai| bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha para anekoM kAvyAtmaka racanAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| inameM prathama racanA sUrAcAryakRta neminAthacarita hai| yaha dvisaMdhAnAtmaka hai aura prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha para bhI isakA artha ghaTita hotA hai| isakA varNana bahurthaka kAvyoM meM kiyA jaaygaa| aisI hI dvitIya racanA ajitadeva ke ziSya hemacandrasari kI hai jisakA nAma nemidvisaMdhAna hai| isakA bhI varNana bahurthaka kAvyoM meM kiyA jaaygaa| soma ke putra vAgbhaTa ( 12 vIM zatI) kA neminirvANakAvya 15 sargoM meM vibhakta hai jo zAstrIya mahAkAvya kI zailI kA hai| usakA ukta prasaMga meM varNana kiyA jaaygaa| sAmAnyakoTi kI kucha kAvyAtmaka racanAoM kA saMkSipta varNana yahA~ prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| tilakamaMjarIsAroddhAra ke racayitA (laghu) dhanapAla (saM0 1261) ke pitA kavi rAmana ne nemicaritra mahAkAvya likhA thaa| tilakamaMjarIsAroddhAra meM usa kAvya ko suzliSTa zabdoM se pUrNa, adbhuta artha aura rasoM se taraMgita mahAkAvya kahA hai| kavi rAmana aNahillapura nivAsI pallIvAlakulIna tathA azeSa zAstroM ke jJAtA the| vi0 saM0 1287 meM kavi dAmodara ne sallakhaNapura (mAlavA) meM paramAravaMzI rAjA devapAla ke rAjyakAla meM eka neminAthacaritra kI racanA kI / kavi ke pitA kA nAma kavi mAlhaNa aura jyeSTha bhrAtA kA nAma jinadeva thaa| inhIM dAmodara kavi kA eka kAvya candraprabhacaritra bhI milatA hai / san 1299 ke lagabhaga nAgendragaccha ke vijayasenasUri ke ziSya udayaprabha ne bhI 2100 granthAnapramANa neminAthacarita kI racanA kii| inhIM udayaprabha ne saM0 1299 meM upadezamAlA para bhI TIkA likhI thii| vi0 caudahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga sAMgaNa ke putra vikrama ne nemicaritakAvya" racA jo ki meghadUta ke pAdoM ko lekara likhA gayA thaa| isakA varNana samasyApUrtikAvya ke prasaMga meM kreNge| 1. vahI, pR0 302. 2. tilakamaMjarIsAroddhAra, prazasti, padya 1-2. 3. dhArA aura usake jaina sArasvata, guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti-graMtha, pR0 543. 4. jinarasnakoza, pR0 217. 5. vahI, pR0 217; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 359-361.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa neminAtha-mahAkAvya : kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se yaha mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM 12 sarga haiM, jinameM 703 padya haiN| sargoM ke nirmANa meM vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 1, 4, 7 aura 9 meM anuSTup chanda, 5-6 meM upendravajrA, 3 meM indravajrA, 8 meM drutavilaMbita, 11 meM viyoginI tathA 2, 10 aura 12 meM aura pratyeka sarga ke anta meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhASA mAdhurya evaM prasAdaguNa yukta hai| 12veM sarga ke anta meM zabdAlaMkAra kI chaTA draSTavya hai| isameM pUrvabhavoM kA varNana ekadama chor3a diyA gayA hai| prathama sarga meM cyavanakalyANaka, dUsare meM prabhAta, tIsare meM janmakalyANaka, cauthe meM dikkumAriyoM kA Agamana, pA~cave meM meruvarNana, chaThe meM janmAbhiSeka, sAtave meM janmotsava, AThaveM meM SaDRtuoM, navave meM kanyAlAbha, Tazave meM dIkSA varNana, gyArahaveM meM mohasaMyamayuddhavarNana tathA bArahave meM janArdana kA Agamana aura unake dvArA stuti tathA neminAtha kA mokSavarNana diyA gayA hai / isa laghu kAvya ko prabhAtavarNana, meruvarNana, SaDaRtuvarNana Adi dvArA mahAkAvyocita lakSaNoM se bhUSita karane ke kAraNa mahAkAvya kI saMjJA bhI dI gaI hai| kartA aura racanAkAla-kAvyakartA kA nAma kI rtirAja upAdhyAya hai jaisA ki 12veM sarga ke antima padya se sUcita hotA hai| yadyapi ukta padya meM kavi ne isa kAvya ko 'kAvyAbhyAsanimittam' likhA hai para unake isa praur3hakAvya se aisA nahIM lagatA hai| isa kAvya ke par3hane se lagatA hai ki kavi vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaMkAra evaM zabda-prayoga meM vizArada thaa| kavi kahA~ aura kisa kAla meM hue haiM aura kisa AcArya-paramparA ke the yaha ukta grantha se patA nahIM lgtaa| kAvya kI eka hastalikhita prati meM eka ora likhA hai ki "saM0 1495 varSe zrI yoginIpure (dillI) likhitamidam' / sambhavataH yahI yA isase pUrva kavi kA samaya ho / eka anumAna hai ki kavi kharataragaccha ke the| neminAthacarita: yaha caritra saMskRta gadya ke 13 vibhAgoM meM nirmita hai / grantha 5285 zlokapramANa hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 217, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA (saM0 38), bhA va nagara, vI0 saM0 2440. 2. devacandra lAlabhAI pustakodvAra phaMDa, sUrata, 1920; gujarAtI anuvAda-jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1980; jinaratnakoza, pR0 217.

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paurANika mahAkAvya isameM neminAtha ke pUrva nava bhavoM kA, neminAtha aura rAjImatI kA nava bhavoM se uttarottara Adarza prema, pati-patnI kA alaukika sneha, rAjImatI kA vairAgya, sAdhvI-jIvana, neminAtha ke bAlakrIr3A, dIkSA, kevalajJAna, mokSagamana kA sundara varNana hai| sAtha hI isI meM vasudeva rAjA kA caritra aura ucca zreNI kA puNya phala aura usake mIThe phala kA varNana, zrIkRSNa kA caritra, vaibhava, parAkrama, rAjyavarNana, pratinArAyaNa jarAsaMdha kA vadha, zrIkRSNa kI neminAtha ke prati apUrva bhakti, tadbhava mokSagAmI aura zrIkRSNa ke zAmba aura pradmamna kA jIvanavRttAnta, nala-damayantI kA jIvanacaritra, nala rAjA kA apane bandhu kubera se jue meM hAranA, rAjatyAga, damayantI kA pati se viyoga, nAnA kaSTa, adbhuta dhairya, zIlarakSA, pANDavoM kA caritra, draupadI kA svayaMvara, pati-sevA, dvArikAdahana Adi varNana vistAra se kiye gaye haiN| __granthakAra aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA tapAgaccha ke hIravijayasUrIzvara ke paTTadhara kanakavijaya paNDita ke praziSya aura vAcaka vivekaharSa ke ziSya guNavijayagaNi haiN| inhoMne saurASTra ke surapattana zahara ke pAsa draMgabandara meM saM0 1668 kI ASAr3ha paMcamI ko yaha grantha prArambha kiyA aura zrAvaNa SaSThI ko samApta kiyA thaa| isakI racanA unhoMne jItavijayagaNi ke anurodha se kI thii| graMtha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se ye bAteM vidita hotI haiN| __ anya aprakAzita nemicaritoM ke lekhaka tilakAcArya (granthAna 3500-lokapramANa), narasiMha, bhojasAgara, hariSeNa, maMgarasa tathA mallibhUSaNa ke ziSya brahmanemidatta kA ullekha milatA hai| brahmanemidatta kI kRti kA nAma neminirvANakAvya tathA nemipurANabhI hai| isakI racanA saM0 1636 meM huI thii| isameM 16 sarga haiN| racayitA ne apane ko mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha kA mAnA hai| teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke carita ke eka vizeSa ghaTanApradhAna aura camatkArI hone ke kAraNa jaina lekhakoM ne prAkRta, apabhraMza aura saMskRta meM 25 se bhI adhika pAzvanAthacarita tathA anya kAvya vidhAoM para racanAe~ kI haiN| unameM saMskRta meM jinasena prathama (9 vIM zatI) kRta pArvAbhyudaya uttama koTi kA samasyApUrti kAvya hai| isameM meghadUta ke sabhI padyoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| 1. jinarasnakoza, pR0 217-18, . 2. isakA hindI anuvAda paM0 udayalAla kAsalIvAla ne kiyA hai-digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, saM0 2011.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakA varNana anyatra kiyA jA rahA hai| isake bAda kaI ullekhanIya kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM jinameM se kucha kA paricaya yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai / 1. pArzvanAthacarita: isa kAvya meM 23veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA jIvana kAvyAtmaka zailI meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| kAvya 12 sargoM meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka sarga kA nAma varNyavastu ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| pahale sarga kA nAma aravindamahArAjasaMgrAmavijaya, dUsare kA nAma svayaMprabhAgamana, tIsare kA nAma vajraghoSasvargagamana, caturtha kA nAma vajranAbhacakravartiprAdurbhAva, pA~caveM kA nAma vajranAbhacakravarticakraprAdurbhAva, chaThe kA vajranAbhacakravartiprabodha, sAtave kA vajranAbhacakravartidigvijaya, AThaveM kA AnandarAjyAbhinandana, navama kA digdeviparicaraNa, dazama kA kumAracarita, gyArahaveM kA kevalajJAnaprAdurbhAva aura bArahaveM kA bhagavanirvANagamana hai| kavi ne ise pArzvanAthajinezvaracarita mahAkAvya kahA hai| mahAkAvya kI zailI ke anurUpa pratyeka sarga kI racanA alaga-alaga chanda meM kI hai aura sargAnta meM vividha chandoM kI yojanA kI hai| pahale, sAtaveM aura gyArahaveM soM meM anuSTupa chanda, zeSa meM dUsare chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| saptamasarga meM vyUharacanA ke prasaMga meM mAtrAcyutaka, vinducyutaka, gUDhacaturthaka, akSaracyutaka, akSaravyatyaya, niroSThya Adi kA anuSTupa chandoM meM hI pradarzana kiyA gayA hai| chaThe sarga meM vividha zabdoM kI chaTA draSTavya hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA mAdhuryaguNapUrNa hai| kavi kA bhASA para asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai| vaha manorama kalpanAoM ko sAkAra karane meM pUrNatayA samartha hai / kavi ne bhAva aura bhASA ko sajAne ke lie alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai / zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa kA prayoga adhika huA hai| arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, arthAntaranyAsAdi kA prayoga svAbhAvika rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| granthakartA aura samaya-isa kAvya ke racayitA vAdirAjasUri dravir3asaMgha ke antargata nandisaMgha (gaccha ) aura aruMgala anvaya (zAkhA ) ke AcArya the| inakI upAdhiyA~ SaTatarkaSaNmukha, syAdvAdavidyApati aura jagadekamallavAdI thiiN| 1. mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, saM0 1973, jinaratnakoza, pR0 246, hindI anuvAda (paM0 zrIlAlakRta)-jayacandra jaina, kalakattA, 1922.

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paurANika mahAkAvya ye zrIpAladeva ke praziSya, matisAgara ke ziSya aura rUpasiddhi (zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI TIkA ) ke kartA dayApAla muni ke satIrtha yA gurubhAI the| lagatA hai vAdirAja inakI eka taraha kI padavI yA upAdhi thI, vAstavika nAma kucha aura rahA hogA para upAdhi ke vizeSa pracalana se vaha nAma hI bana gyaa| zravaNavelagolA se prApta malliSeNaprazasti meM vAdirAja kI bar3I hI prazaMsA kI gaI hai|| vAdirAja ne pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA siMhacakrezvara yA caulukya cakravartI jayasiMhadeva kI rAjadhAnI kaTTagerI meM nivAsa karate hue' zaka saM0 947 kI kArtika zukla tRtIyA ko kI thii| pArzvanAthacarita kI prazasti ke chaThe padya se aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha rAjadhAnI lakSmI kA nivAsa thI aura sarasvatI devI (vAgvadhU) kI janmabhUmi thii| apanI dUsarI kRti yazodharacarita ke tIsare sarga ke antima (85 3) padya meM aura cauthe sarga ke upAntya padya meM kavi ne caturAI se jayasiMha kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki yazodharacaritra kI racanA bhI jayasiMha ke hI rAjya meM huI thii| dakSiNa ke cAlukya nareza jayasiMhadeva kI rAjasabhA meM inakA bar3A sammAna thA aura ye prakhyAtavAdI gine jAte the| malliSeNaprazasti ke anusAra cAlukyacakravartI ke jayakaTaka meM vAdirAja ne jayalAbha kI thii| jagadekamallavAdI upAdhi bhI jayasiMha ne inheM pradAna kI thI aura inakI pUjA bhI kI thI-siMhasamarthya pIThavibhavaH / / vAdirAja kA yuga jaina sAhitya ke vaibhava kA yuga thaa| unake samaya meM siddhAntacakravartI nemicandra, indranandi, kanakanandi, abhayanandi tathA candraprabhacarita kAvya ke racayitA vIranandi, karnATakadezIya kavi ranna, abhinavapampa evaM nayasena Adi hue the| gadyacintAmaNi aura kSatracUDAmaNi ke racayitA oDayadeva vAdIbhasiMha aura unake guru puSpasena, gaMgarAja rAcamalla ke guru vijayabhaTTAraka tathA malliSeNaprazasti ke racayitA mahAkavi malliSeNa aura rUpasiddhi ke kartA dayApAla muni inake samakAlIna the| isa kAvya para bhaTTA0 vijayakIrti ke ziSya zubhacandra ne paMjikA likhI hai| isakA ullekha pANDavapurANa kI prazasti meM bhaTTA0 zubhacandra ne svayaM kiyA hai| 1. 'siMhe pAti jayAdike vsumtiiN'| 2. 'vyAtanvajjayasiMhatAM raNamukhe doghaM dadhau dhAriNIm' tathA 'raNamukha jayasiMho rAjyalakSmI bbhaar'|

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720 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakI racanA unhoMne bhaTTAH zrIbhUSaNa ke anurodha para kI thI aura usakI prathama prati zrIpAlavI ne taiyAra kI thii| / 13 vIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM eka sarvAnandamUri ( jAliharagaccha ) ne pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA kI thii| yaha ullekha unake praziSya devasUri ne apanI racanA paumapabhacariyaM meM kiyA hai / 2. pArzvanAthacarita : - yaha mammaTAcArya ke kAvyaprakAza kI prathama TokA saMketa ke lekhaka mANikyacandrasUri kI kRti hai jA abataka aprakAzita hai / isameM dasa sarga haiM / racanA-parimANa 6770 zloka hai| pratyeka sarga ke anta kI puSpikA meM ise mahAkAbya kahA gayA hai| mahAkAvyocita adhikAMza lakSaNoM kA samanvaya isameM huA hai| isameM zAMtarasa kI pradhAnatA hai para anya rasa bhI gauNa rUpa se vidyamAna haiN| pratyeka sarga meM eka chanda tathA sargAnta meM chanda-parivartana kiyA gayA hai| isameM sUryodaya, sUryAsta, cadrodaya, Rtu, vana-varNana bhI pAye jAte haiN| sargoM ke nAma varNita ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para rakhe gaye haiN| mahAkAvya hote hue bhI isameM pramukha mahAkAvyoM ke anurUpa bhASA-zailI evaM praur3ha kavitvakalA kA abhAva hai, isase isakI gaNanA sAmAnya mahAkAvyoM meM mAnanA caahiye| pArzvanAthacarita eka paurANika mahAkAvya hai| isakA prAraMbha torthakaroM kI stuti se hotA hai, isameM bhavAntaroM aura aneka avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA kI gaI haitathA yaha pArzvanAtha ke janma, dIkSA, kevala evaM nirvANa-kalyANakoM kA varNana alaukika ghaTanAoM se bharA hai| isakA kathAnaka pUrNataH paramparAsaMmata hai| paurANika kAvya ke anurUpa isakI racanA anuSTup chanda meM huI hai para sargAnta meM mAlinI, zArdUlavikrIDita, sragdharA Adi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM sarga ke madhya meM bhI cAra-pAMca padya anya chandoM ke diye gaye haiN| isa kAvya meM kavi kI abhiruca alaMkAroM kI ora nahIM dIkha par3atI tathA bhASA ke sahaja pravAha aura bhAvoM kA svAbhAvika abhivyakti meM vividha alaMkAra svataH 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 246. 2. vahI, pR0 445. .3. tADapatrIya prati-zAntinAtha bhaNDAra, khambhAta, grantha saM0 207, jinaratna koza, pR0 244,

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paurANika mahAkAvya 12... hI A gaye haiN| bhASA sarala aura prasAdaguNa se yukta hai| kliSTa evaM apracalita zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM ke barAbara hai / isameM sUktiyoM aura lokoktiyoM kA vizeSa prayoga kavi ne nahIM kiyA hai| __kavi-paricaya aura racanAkAla-granthAnta meM kavi ne prazasti dI hai jisameM usane apanI guru-paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki isake kartA mANikyacandrasUri rAjagacchIya the| rAjagaccha meM bharatezvarasUri, unake ziSya vIrasvAmI, unake ziSya nemicandrasUri, unake ziSya sAgaracandra / sAgaracandra ke ziSya pArzvanAthacarita ke racayitA mANikyacandrasUri the| ye mahAmAtya vastupAla ke samakAlIna the| udayaprabhasUri ke ziSya jinabhadra ne apanI prabaMdhAvalI (saM0 1290) meM mANikyacandra aura vastupAla ke samparka kA vivaraNa diyA hai| pArzvanAthacarita kA racanAkAla kavi ne isa prakAra diyA hai : . rasarSi ravi ( 1276) saMkhyAyAM sabhAyAM dopaparvaNi / samarthitamidaM velAkUle zrIdevakUpake / ' arthAt saM0 1276 meM dIpAvalI ke dina velAkUla zrIdevakUpaka meM isa kAvya kI racanA huI / ise bhillamAlavaMzIya zreSThI dehar3a kI prArthanA para racA gayA thaa| kavi kI dUsarI kRtiyoM meM zAMntinAthacarita tathA kAvyaprakAza kI saMketa TIkA hai| . 3. pArzvanAthacarita: __ yaha chaH sargoM kA 'vinaya' zabdAMkita mahAkAvya hai| yaha abataka amudrita hai| isakA grantha-parimANa 4985 zloka-pramANa hai| sargoM ke nAma varNyavastu ke AdhAra para rakhe gaye haiN| isakA kathAnaka paramparAsammata hai jisameM kavi ne koI parivartana-parivardhana nahIM kiyA hai| bhavAntaroM ke varNana meM aneka avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| grantha kI racanA kA uddezya dhArmika sthAnoM aura sabhAoM meM zraddhAlu zrAvakoM dvArA isakA pArAyaNa karanA aura dUsaroM ko sunAnA rahA hai| phira bhI isa pArzvanAthacarita kA kathAnaka paramparAsammata - .: vahI, prazasti. 2. hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAnamandira, pATana, hastalikhita pratiyA~, kra. saM. 1918 aura 1968.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hote hue bhI pUrvavartI pArzvanArthacaritoM se bhinna hai / isake prathama tIna sargo meM hI pArzvanAtha ke sabhI bhavAntaroM kA varNana samApta ho jAtA hai / Age dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA ke mAhAtmyavarNana meM naye kathAnakoM kI yojanA hai / anya bAtoM meM bhI kavi kI navInatA aura maulikatA spaSTa hai / 122 isa kAvya kI bhASA sarala aura prasAdaguNa yukta hai / isameM kliSTa aura apracalita zabdoM kA pUrNatayA abhAva hai / samAsayukta padAvalI kA prayoga bahuta kama kiyA gayA hai / bhASA ke pravAha meM anuprAsoM kI jhaMkRti prAyaH svataH evaM pracura mAtrA meM prApta hotI hai / yatra-tatra madhura sUktiyoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ' alaMkAroM kA prayoga pracura huA hai para unake prayoga meM svAbhAvikatA kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai / kavi ne anuSTup chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai para sargAnta meM chandoM meM parivartana kara indravajrA, zikhariNI, mAlinI aura upajAti chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kavi paricaya aura racanAkAla -grantha ke anta meM kavi ne jo prazasti dI hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki isake kartA vinayacandrasUri candragacchIya the / candragaccha meM zIlagaNasUri nAmaka prasiddha vidvAn hue the| unake ziSya mAnatuMgasUri aura mAnatuMga ke ziSya raviprabhasUri hue jo bar3e vidvAn the / unake ziSyoM meM narasiMhasUri, narendraprabhasUri aura vinayacandrasUri hue / vinayacandrasUri ne hI vinayAMka pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA kI / isake atirikta kavi ne mallinAthacarita, munisuvratasvAmicarita, kalpanirukta, kAvyazikSA, kAlikAcAryakathA ( prAkRta ) tathA dIpA - valIkalpa kI racanA bhI kI hai| unhoMne gurjara bhASA meM bhI kaI kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai jinameM neminAthacaupaI aura upadezamAlAkathAnakachappaya prApta haiM / pArzvanAthacarita ke racanAkAla ke sambaMdha meM nizcita rUpa se koI sUcanA nahIM hai / para vinayacandrasUri ke sattAkAla para unakI anya racanAoM se prakAza par3atA hai / unhoMne saM0 1286 meM udayaprabhasUri dvArA racita dharmavidhivRtti kA saMzodhana kiyA thA tathA kalpanirukta saM0 1325 meM aura dIpamAlikAkalpa saM0 1345 meM racA thaa| isase vinayacandrasUri kA sAhityika kAla saM0 1. vahI, sarga 1.65, 91, 186, 524; 2.82, 126 Adi. 2. dharmavidhiprazasti, zlo0 11 12, 17. 3. munisuvratasvAmicarita, prAstAvika, jaina granthamAlA, chANI ). pR0 4 ( prakAzaka - labdhisUrIzvara

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paurANika mahAkAvya 1286 se lekara 1345 taka pramANita hotA hai / isI bIca meM unhoMne pArzvanAthacaritra evaM anya kRtiyA~ racI hoMgI / 4. pArzvanAthacarita : yaha pAMca sargoM kA kAvya hai / isakI eka mAtra tAr3apatrIya prati milatI hai' para vaha bhI ati jIrNa hai / prAraMbha ke 156 pRSTha luta haiM / ' kula pR0 saMkhyA 345 hai / isake racayitA sudharmAgacchIya guNaratnasUri ke ziSya sarvAnandasUri haiM / inakI dUsarI racanA candraprabhacaritra saM0 1302 meM racI gaI thii| jinaratnakoza ke anusAra prastuta kRti kA racanAkAla saM0 1291 hai / isa kAvya kA parimANa 8000 zloka - pramANa siddha hotA hai / 5. pArzvanAtha carita : isa kAvya meM ATha sarga haiM / yaha bhAvAGkita mahAkAvya hai / sargoM ke nAma bhI varNya viSaya ke AdhAra para rakhe gaye haiN| vaise isa carita meM mahAkAvya ke bAhya sabhI lakSaNoM kA samAveza hai kintu isameM udAtta bhASA-zailI tathA utkRSTa afare kalA ke abhAva se ise pramukha mahAkAvyoM kI paMkti meM sthAna nahIM diyA nA sakatA / yaha eka paurANika mahAkAvya mAnA gayA hai| isakA prArambha rUr3hiparaka maMgalAcaraNa se kiyA gayA hai / kathAnaka paramparAsammata hai aura kavi ne usameM koI parivartana nahIM kiyA hai| isameM pArzvanAtha ke bhavAntara aura bIcabIca meM aneka kathAoM tathA dharmopadeza aura stotroM kI purANoM ke anurUpa kucha alaukika evaM camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAe~ gaI haiM / yaha kAvya bhI vairAgya - bhAvanA se ota-prota hai| isakI racanA anuSTup vRtta meM huI hai para pratyeka sarga kA antima padya itara chanda meM hai jaise - prathama, SaSTha aura aSTama sargoM ke anta kA chanda vasantatilakA; dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha, paMcama tathA saptama sargoM kA zArdUlavikrIDita hai / saptama ke madhya meM padya saMkhyA 359 se 366 taka vasantatilakA chanda kA prayoga huA hai / prazasti meM uparyukta chandoM 123 1. saMghavIpAr3A bhaNDAra, pATana, saM0 27. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 245. 3. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA; san 1912; isakA sArAnuvAda aMgrejI meM blUmaphIlDa ne vAlTImora se san 1919 meM prakAzita karAyA / 4. samIkSya bahuzAstrANi zrutvA zrutadharAnanAt / grantho'yaM grathitaH svalpasUtreNApi mayA rasAt // sarga 1, zloka 11. yojanA kI gaI hai| prastuta kAvya meM dI

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124 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke prayoga ke sAtha mAlinI, upendravajrA, indravajrA aura zikhariNI chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA sarala aura prasAdaguNa yukta hai / kliSTa zabdoM aura samAsAnta padAvalI kA prayoga kama hI huA hai| bhASA prasaMgAnukUla evaM bhAvAnuvartinI hai| lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM kA prayoga bhI yatra-tatra pAyA jAtA hai / isase bhASA madhura evaM sajIva ho gaI hai| __ pArzvanAthacarita kA racanA parimANa anuSTup mAna se 6074 zlokapramANa hai| isa kAvya kI kathA mANikyacandrasUri, sarvAnandasUri Adi ke pAzvanAthacarita se milatI-julatI hai kintu avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA aura kathA ke sargoM meM vibhAjana kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya anya pArzvanAthacaritoM se nitAnta bhinna hai| isameM kathA kA vibhAjana ATha sargoM meM kiyA gayA hai| prathama sarga meM pArzvanAtha ke prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya bhavoM kA, dvitIya sarga meM caturtha, paMcama bhava kA, tRtIya saga meM SaSTha, saptama bhava kA aura caturtha sarga meM aSTama, navama bhava kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| paMcama sarga meM pArzvanAtha ke cyavana, janma, janmAbhiSeka, kaumAra tathA vijayayAtrA kA varNana diyA gayA hai / SaSTha sarga meM unake vivAha, dIkSA, kevalajJAna, samavazaraNa tathA dezanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| saptama sarga meM jinagaNadhara-dezanA kA aura aSTama sarga meM pArzvanAtha ke vihAra evaM nirvANa kA varNana huA hai| isa taraha yaha kAvya vibhAjana meM pUrva caritoM se pUrNatayA bhinna hai| aneka avAntara kathAoM ke samAveza ke kAraNa isa kAvya kA kathAnaka bhI zithila hai| kaviparicaya tathA racanAkAla-ima kAvya ke anta meM jo prazasti kavi ne dI hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya kAlika ke anvaya meM saNDilla nAmaka gaccha ke candrakula meM eka bhAvadevasUri nAmaka vidvAn hue the| unakI paramparA meM kramazaH vijayasiMhasUri, vIrasUri aura jinadevasUri hue| jinadevasUri ke pazcAt pUrvAgata nAmakrama ( bhAvadeva, vijayasiMha, vIra tathA jinadeva) se ziSya paramparA calatI gaI jinameM se eka jinadevasUri ke ziSya isa pArzvanAthacarita ke racayitA bhAvadevasUri hue| unhoMne isa carita kI racanA saM0 1412 meM pATana nagara meM kI thii| 1. granthaH sarvAgramAnena pratyekaM vrnnsNkhyyaa| catuHsaptatyupetAni SaTsahasrANyanuSTubhAm // prazasti, padya 30. 2. teSAM vineya vinayI bahu bhAvadevasUriH prasannajinadevaguruprasAdAd / zrIpattanAkhyanagare ravivizvavarSe (1412) pAcaprabhozcaritaratnamidaM tatAna //

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paurANika mahAkAvya 125 pArzvanAthacarita nAma se kaI aura granthakAroM kI racanAe~ milatI haiN| unameM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ( 15vIM zatI) kRta kAvya meM 23 sarga haiM / isakI bhASA sIdhI, sarala evaM alaMkAramayI hai| isameM kamaTha kA nAma vAyubhUti diyA gayA hai| saM0 1615, agahana sudI 14 ko nAgaurI tapAgaccha ke vidvAn upAdhyAya padmasundara ne bhI saptasargAtmaka pArzvanAthakAvya kI racanA kI thii| ye Anandameru ke praziSya aura padmameru ke ziSya the| Anandameru aura padmasundara akabara bAdazAha dvArA sammAnita the| saM0 1632 meM tapAgacchIya kamalavijaya ke ziSya hemavijaya ne granthAna 3160 pramANa pArzvanAthacaritra kI racanA kI / grantha ke antaraMga avalokana se patA calatA hai ki vaha hemacandra ke tri0 za0 pu0 ca0 meM diye gaye pArzvacarita kI pratilipi mAtra hai / saM0 1640 kArtika su0 5 ko bhaTTA0 vAdicandra ne 1500 zloka-pramANa pArzvapurANa kI racanA vAlmIkinagara meM kii| inhoMne pavanadUta, pAvapurANa Adi kaI racanAe~ likhI haiN| inake guru kA nAma bhaTTA0 prabhAcandra tathA dAdAguru kA jJAnabhUSaNa thaa|" saM0 1654 meM tapAgacchIya hemasoma ke praziSya aura saMghavIra ke ziSya udayavIragaNi ne 5500 granthAna-pramANa pAzvanAthacarita likhA jo saMskRta gadya meM hai aura usameM ATha vibhAga haiN|" usI saMvat 1654 meM vaizAkha zukla saptamI guruvAra ke dina devagiri (daulatAbAda) ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM bhaTTA0 zrIbhUSaNa ke ziSya candrakIrti ne bhI pArzvapurANa kI racanA kii| isameM 15 sarga haiN|' isakA pramANa 2710 granthAna hai| antima tIrthakara mahAvIra para prAkRta-apabhraMza aura dezI bhASAoM meM jitanI kRtiyA~ pAI jAtI haiM unakI apekSA saMskRta meM svataMtra racanAe~ ginI. 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 246; rAjasthAna ke jaina santa, pR0 11. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 244; jaina sAhitya aura itihAla, pR0 395-398. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR. 245; prakAzita-cunnIlAla granthamAlA, bambaI, saM0 1972. 4. jinaratnako, pR. 246; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 385. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR. 245; prakAzita-jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1970. 6. jinaratnakoza, pR0246-17; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 390; isakI hastalikhita prati ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana, bambaI meM hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa cunI haiN| unameM se kevala do kA hI kucha paricaya prApta huA hai, zeSa kA ullekha mAtra / mahAvIracarita: ___ yaha antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra para saMskRta meM likhe gaye svataMtra caritoM meM prAcIna hai| ise apara nAma se vadhamAnacaritra yA sanmaticaritra bhI kahate haiN| isameM 18 sarga haiN| isa grantha kA ullekha dhavala kavi ke apabhraMza harivaMzapurANa meM kiyA gayA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isa grantha kI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM se eka kI prazasti meM kahA gayA hai ki isake racayitA asaga kavi haiM jinhoMne zaka saM0 910 ( vi0 saM0 1045 ke lagabhaga ) meM ATha anya caritroM kI racanA kI thii| inake likhe candraprabhacaritra va-zAntinAthacaritra hI aura upalabdha haiM / vardhamAnacarita: isameM kula milAkara 20 adhikAra haiM jinameM se prathama 6 sargoM meM mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kA aura zeSa 14 meM garbhakalyANa se lekara nirvANa prApti taka vistAra se jIvanacaritra diyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA sarala evaM kAvyamaya hai| varNana-zailI pravAhamaya hai| isakA parimANa 3035 zloka hai| isake apara nAma mahAvIrapurANa evaM vardhamAnapurANa bhI haiN| racayitA sakalakIrti kA paricaya pahale diyA jA cukA hai| __ mahAvIra ke anya caritakAroM meM padmanandi, kezava aura vANIvallabha kI kRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina kAvyakAroM ne na kevala apane purAtana tIrthaMkaroM ke svataMtra carita likhe haiM balki AgAmI tIrthaMkaroM meM se eka para kAvya bhI likhA hai jisakA paricaya isa prakAra hai - 1. paM0 khUbacandrakRta hindI anuvAda sahita-mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA, sUrata, 1618; marAThI anuvAda-solApura, 1931. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 343, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa, pR0 13; nandalAla jaina kRta hindI anuvAda-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, klkttaa| 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 343.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 127 amamasvAmicarita : ___isa vizAla grantha' meM bhAvitIrthakara amamasvAmi kA carita 20 sargoM meM varNita hai / isameM 10 hajAra se adhika padya haiM / isameM zrIkRSNa ke jIva ko AnevAlI utsarpiNI ke caturtha kAla meM amama nAma se 12veM tIrthaMkara hone kI kathA varNita hai| prasaMgavaza prathama cha sargoM meM jIvadayA para dAmanakakathA, usakI zithilatA para zUdrakamunikathA, usake tyAga para nimbakamunikathA, rahasyabheda para kAkajaMghakathA, mitrakArya para dRDhamitrakathA, pAMDitya para sundarI-vasantasenAkathA tathA avAntara meM lobhanandI, sarvaGgila, sumati, durmati dyUtakArakunda, kamalazreSThI, satI sulocanA, kAmAMkura, lalitAGga, azoka, brahmacAribhatR-bhAryA, durgaviprakathA, tosali rAjaputrakathAe~ kahI gaI haiN| isake bAda harivaMza kI utpatti, usameM munisuvrata jinezvara kA pUrvabhavavarNana, bhRgukaccha meM azvAvabodhatIrtha kI utpatti, munisuvrata ke vaMza meM ilApatirAja kA varNana, kSIrakadambaka-nArada-vasurAja-parvatakathA, nandigheNakathA, kaMsa tathA prativAsudeva jarAsaMdha kI utpatti, vasudevacaritrakathA, cArudatta-rudradattakathA, usake antargata meghadevakathita yajJapazuhiMsA kA itihAsa, atharvavedakartA pippalAda kI utpatti, nala-damayantIkathA, kuberadevapUrvabhavakathA-ye saba prathama 6 sargoM ke antargata kahI gaI haiN| isake bAda neminAtha kA janma, kRSNavadha, dvArikAracanA, kRSNa kA rAjyAbhiSeka, rukmiNI kA vivAha, pANDava-draupadIsvayaMvara, pradyumna-zAmba kA carita, jarAsaMdhavadhAdi, rAjImativarNana, neminAtha kI dIkSA, dvArikAdAha, kRSNa kI mRtyu, pANDavazeSakathA, neminAtha kA mokSagamana Adi: avasarpiNI se utsarpiNI AnA, bhAvijina amama kA janma, bAlyAdi vayovarNana, vivAha-yauvarAjya, rAjyAbhiSeka, saMmatinRpadIkSA, amama-dIkSA, kevalajJAna, samavazaraNa, dharmadezanA. samyaktva ke Upara sUrarAja kI kathA, dharma ke Upara rAjaputra puSpasAra aura maMtriputra kSemaMkara kI kathA, anta meM amamasvAmI ke gaNadharoM kA varNana, tatkAlIna sundarabAhu vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva vajrajaMgha ke bAda amamasvAmI ke nirvANa kA varNana hai| kartA-isa prantha ke kartA candragacchIya pUrNimAmata prakaTa-kartA zrImAn candraprabhasUri ke ziSya dharmaghoSasUri ke ziSya samudraghoSasUri ke ziSya muniratnasUri haiN| unhoMne yaha grantha koSAdhyakSamaMtrI yazodhavala ke putra bAlakavi maMtrI jagaheva kI prArthanA se vi0 saM0 1252 varSa meM pattananagara meM likhA thaa| isakA saMzodhana 1. paMnyAsa maNivijaya graMthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1998, jinaratna koza, pR0 14.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kumArakavi ne kiyaa| prAnta meM muni ke zAhU dvArA likhita 33 padyoM kI prazasti dI gaI hai| prAraMbha meM granthakartA ne pUrvavartI aneka granthoM aura granthakartAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai yathA- jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa. umAsvAti vAcaka, siddhasena divAkara, haribhadra ( mahattarAputra ), bhadrakIrti, siddharSiupamitibhavaprapaMcA ke kartA, taraMgavatI ke kartA pAlittasUri, sAtavAhana ke sabhAsada mAnatuMgasUri, bhoja ke sabhAsada devabhadrasUri, triSaSTizalAkA ke kartA hemacandra, darzanazuddhi ke kartA candraprabha aura tilakamaMjarI ke racayitA dhanapAla | 128 bAraha cakravartI tathA anya zalAkA puruSoM para svataMtra racanAe~ : bharatezvarAbhyudaya kAvya- isameM RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra evaM prathama cakravartI bharata kA udAttacarita varNita hai / yaha kAvya 'siddhyaGka - mahAkAvya ' bhI kahalAtA thaa|' isake racayitA mahAkavi AzAdhara (vi0 saM0 1237 - 1296) haiM / inakA paricaya triSaSTismRti ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha mahattvapUrNa kRti anupalabdha hai phira bhI isakI suSamA ko batalAnevAle kucha padya svayaM AzAghara ne apane granthoM kI TIkAoM meM uddhRta kiye haiM 1. paramasamayasArAbhyAsasAnandasarpat, sahajamahasi sAyaM sve svayaM svaM viditvA / punarudayadavidyAvaibhavAH prANacArasphuradaruNavijRmbhA yogino yaM stuvanti // 2. sudhAgarva kharvantyabhimukha hRSIka praNayinaH, kSaNaM ye te'pyUddharva viSamapavadantyaMga ! viSayAH / taevAvirbhUya praticitadhanAyAH khalu tirobhavantyandhAstebhyo 'pyahaha kimu karSanti vipadaH // ' isa kAvya para kavi ne svopajJavRtti bhI likhI thI / bharata para anya racanAoM meM jayazekharasUrikRta jainakumArasaMbhava mahAkAvya" ( lagabhaga 1464 vi0saM0 ) hai jisakA varNana zAstrIya kAvyoM ke prasaMga 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 346. 2. anagAradharmAmRta TIkA, pR0 633. mUlArAdhanA- TIkA, pR0. 1065. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, sUrata, 1946. 4.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 129 meM kiyA jAyagA / muni puNyakuzala ne bharata ke caritra ko lekara 'bharatezvara bAhubalimahAkAvya" likhA hai jo aprakAzita hai / bharatacaritra aura bharatezvaracaritra nAmaka do anya racanAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai para unake lekhaka ajJAta haiM / dvitIya cakravartI sagara ke jIvana para prAkRta 'sagaracakricarita 13 kA ullekha milatA hai jisakA prAraMbha 'suravarakayamANaM naTThanIsesamANaM' se hotA hai / hastalikhita prati kA samaya saM0 1991 diyA gayA hai para lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai / tRtIya cakravartI maghavA ke jIvana para koI svataMtra carita upalabdha nahIM hai / sanatkumAracarita ( saNakumAracariya ) - caturtha cakravartI sanatkumAra ke jIvana para yaha prAkRta bhASA meM bar3I racanA hai| isakA parimANa 8127 zlokapramANa hai / isa carita meM ukta nAyaka ke adbhuta kAryoM ke varNana prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki eka bAra vaha eka ghor3e para baiThA to vaha bhAga kara use ghane jaMgala meM le gayA jahAM use aneka musIbatoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A parantu una saba para vaha vijaya pA gayA aura usI bIca usane aneka vidyAdhara putriyoM se pariNaya kiyA / racayitA aura racanAkAla - - isake racayitA zrIcandrasUri haiM jo candragaccha meM sarvadevasUri ke santAnIya jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya devendrasUri ke ziSya the / praNetA ne apane gurubhAI ke rUpa meM yazobhadrasUri, yazodevasUri aura jinezvarasUri kA nAma diyA hai / grantha ke prArambha meM kavi ne haribhadrasUri, siddha mahAkavi abhayadevasUri, ghanapAla, devacandrasUri, zAntisUri, devabhadrasUri aura malaghArI hemacandrasUri kI kRtiyoM kA smaraNa kara unakI guNastuti kI hai / zrIcandrasUri ne ukta grantha kI racanA aNahilapura (pATana) meM karpUra paTTAdhipaputra somezvara ke ghara ke Upara bhAga meM sthita vasati meM rahakara vahA~ ke kuTumba 9. vijayadharmasUri jJAnamandira, AgarA. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 192. 3. pATana ke granthoM kI sUcI ( gAyakavAr3a prAcya granthamAlA ), bhAga 1, pR0 182-183. 4. mohanalAla da0 desAI - jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 277; jinaratnakoza, pR0 412; pro0 hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA - pAiya bhASAbho bhane sAhitya, pR0 116.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vAloM kI prArthanA para kI thii| isakI racanA saM0 1214 AzvinavadI 7 budhavAra ko huI thii| isakI prathama prati hemacandragaNi ne likhI thii| ___ sanatkumAra cakravartI kA carita itanA rocaka thA ki isa para aura bhI racanAe~ likhI gaI haiN| saMskRta meM 24 sargAtmaka eka uccakoTi kA mahAkAvya bhI racA gayA hai| usake racayitA kavi jinapAla upAdhyAya (saM0 1262-78) haiN|' isakA vivecana mahAkAvyoM ke prasaMga meM kiyA jaaygaa| apabhraMza bhASA meM neminAhacariu ke antargata haribhadrasUri ne raDDA chandoM meM sanatkumAra kA caritra bar3e vistAra se diyA hai, jisakA sampAdana aura anuvAda (jarmanabhASA meM) prasiddha jarmana vidvAn harmana yAkobI ne kiyA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM sanatkumAracaritra' nAmaka eka ajJAta kavi kI racanA bhI jesalamera ke bhaNDAra meM milI hai| __ pA~caveM, chaThe aura sAtaveM cakravartI zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha aura aranAtha haiM jo solahave, sattarahaveM aura aThArahaveM tIrthakara bhI haiN| tIrthakara-caritroM meM inake sambaMdha kI racanAoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / _subhaumacarita-isameM AThaveM cakravartI subhauma kA caritra varNita hai| yaha sAdhAraNa koTi kI racanA hai jo 7 sargoM meM vibhakta hai|' saba milAkara 891 zloka haiN| pratyeka sarga meM 'uktaM ca' kahakara anya granthoM se aneka aMza uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| isa caritra meM kavi ne kathAprasaMga se abhimAna karane kA phala, nidAna-phala, ati lobha kA phala aura namaskAra maMtra kA mAhAtmya dikhalAyA hai / ____ racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA bhaTTAraka ratnacandra prathama haiN| grantha ke anta meM eka prazastidvArA inhoMne apanI guru-paramparA dI hai| tadanusAra bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kI paramparA meM bhuvanakIrti, unake ziSya ratnakIrti, unake ziSya yazaHkIrti, unake guNacandra aura unake jinacandra tathA unake sakalacandra hue / sakalacandra ke ziSya ratnacandra the| ye mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha ke bhaTTAraka the| kAvya-racanA kA kAla saM0 1683 bhAdra0 zu0 5 diyA gayA hai| inakI anya racanA 'cauvIsI' gujarAtI meM hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 412. 2. vahI. 3. vahI. 4. diga0 jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, vi0 saM0 2010, mUla aura paM0 lAlArAma zAstrIkRta hindI anuvAda; jinaratnakoza, pR0- 446.

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paurANika mahAkAvya paNDita jagannAthakRta 'subhaumacaritra' nAmaka eka anya racanA kA ullekha milatA hai| navama cakravartI mahApadma ke caritra kA varNana karanevAlI kisI kRti kA ullekha nahIM milatA para dazama hariSeNa para prAkRta meM hariSeNacaritra' kA ullekha milatA hai / isI taraha ekAdazama cakravartI para prAkRta meM jayacakrIcaritra kA ullekha milatA hai| bArahavaM cakravartI para brahmadattacakravartikathAnaka yA brahmadattakathA' nAmaka racanA kA bhI ullekha AyA hai / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (hemacandra ) ke 9ve parva meM bhI vistAra se bArahaveM cakravartI kA carita varNita hai jisakA nAma brahmadattacakravartikathAnaka hai|' nava ardhacakravartI yA 9 vAsudevoM para kevala kRSNa ko chor3a anya kisI para koI racanA svataMtra rUpa se nahIM miltii| kRSNacarita ( kaNhacariya)-yaha carita zrAddhadinakRtya nAmaka grantha ke antargata dRSTAntarUpa meM AyA hai| vahIM se uddhRta kara svataMtra rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| isameM 1163 prAkRta gAthAe~ haiN| isameM vasudevacarita, kaMsacarita, cArudattacarita, kRSNa-balarAmacarita, rAjImatIcarita, neminAthacarita, draupadIharaNa, dvArikAdAha, baladeva-dIkSA, nemi-nirvANa aura bAda meM kRSNa ke bhAvitIrthakara-amama nAma se hone kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| samasta kathA kA AdhAra vasudevahiNDI evaM jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa hai| yaha racanA Adi se anta taka kathApradhAna hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA tapAgacchIya devendrasUri haiN| inakI anya racanA sudaMsaNAcariyaM arthAt zakunikAvihAra bhI milatI hai jisameM granthakAra ne apanA paricaya diyA hai ki ve citrApAlakagaccha ke bhuvanacandra guru, unake ziSya devabhadra muni, unake ziSya jagaccandrasUri ke ziSya the| unake eka 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 446. 2. vahI, pR0 46:. 3. vahI, pR0 133. 4. vahI, pR0 286. 5. vahI. 6. RSabhadeva kezaromala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1938.

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, 132 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gurubhrAtA vijayacandrasUri the| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra granthakAra ke dAdAguru vastupAla mahAmAtya ke samakAlIna the| prastuta kRSNacaritra kA racanAkAla caudahavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha AtA hai| nava prativAsudevoM ke carita para koI pRthak kAvya nahIM likhe gye| isI taraha 9 baladevoM meM rAma aura balabhadra ko chor3a anya para koI kAvya nahIM likhe gye| rAma se sambaMdhita racanAoM kA varNana hama pahale kara cuke haiN| balabhadracaritra' para kAvya zubhavardhanagaNi kA hai jo prakAzita ho cukA hai| jainadharma ke 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 ardhacakravartI (nArAyaNa), 9 pratiardhacakravartI (pratinArAyaNa ) aura 9 baladeva milAkara 63 zalAkA puruSoM ke atirikta 24 kAmadeva ( atizaya rUpavAna ) haiM jinameM se kucha ke caritra to jaina kaviyoM ko bar3e hI rocaka lage haiM aura jina para kaI kAvya kRtiyAM likhI gaI haiN| ___ 24 kAmadeva isa prakAra haiM-bAhubali, prajApati, zrIbhadra, darzanabhadra, prasenacandra, candravarNa, agnimukha, sanatkumAra, vatsarAja, kanakaprabha, meghaprabha, zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha, vijayacandra, zrIcandra, nalarAjA, hanumAna, balirAja, vasudeva, pradyumna, nAgakumAra, jIvandhara aura jmbuu| inameM sanatkumAra kA caritra cakravartiyoM ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| zAnti, kunthu aura ara tIrthaMkaroM ke antargata Ate haiN| zeSa meM bAhubali, vijayacandra, zrIcandra, nalarAja, hanumAna, balirAja, vasudeva, pradyumna, nAgakumAra, jIvandhara aura jambU ke caritroM para jaina kaviyoM ne apanI bahuvidha lekhanI calAI hai| yahA~ etadviSayaka upalabdha kAvyoM kA paricaya prastuta karate haiN| __bAhabali ke jIvana-caritra ko RSabhadeva yA bharatacakravartI ke caritroM ke sAtha hI sambaddha samajhA jAtA hai aura unake sAtha hI varNita kiyA jAtA hai para 'bAhubalicaritra' nAma se do svataMtra racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| prathama kA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 282, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1922. 2. kAmadevoM ke jIvana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha anekoM bhAkarSaNoM se bharA rahatA hai| isameM mAnava kI durbalatAoM aura usake utthAna-patana kA citraNa dikhAyA jAtA hai| sabhI kAmadeva caramazarIrI (usI janma se mokSa jAnevAle) hote haiN|

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paurANika mahAkAnya anthAna 500 hai, vaha saMskRta meM hai para usake kartA kA nAma azAta hai / dUsarI bhI saMskRta meM hai aura isake kartA kA nAma cArukIrti hai| vijayacandracarita-isameM 15 ve kAmadeva vijayacandra kevalI kA caritra varNita hai| ise haricandrakathA bhI kahate haiM kyoMki isameM vijayacandra kevalI ne apane putra haricandra ke lie aSTavidha pUjA jala, candana, akSata, puSpa, dIpa, dhUpa, naivedya aura phala kA mAhAtmya ATha kathAoM dvArA batalAyA hai / isa grantha ke do rUpAntara milate haiN| laghu kA granthAna 1300 hai aura vRhat kA granthAgra 4000 ( 1163 gaathaaeN)| ye donoM prAkRta meM likhe gaye haiN| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA kharataragacchIya abhayadevasUri ke ziSya candraprabha mahattara haiN| unhoMne apane ziSya vIradeva kI prArthanA para vi0 saM0 1127 meM isakI racanA kI thii| grantha ke anta meM dI gaI nimna prazasti se yaha bAta jJAta hotI hai : muNikamaruhaMka (1127) jue kAle sirivikkamassa vaTTante raiyaM phuDakkharasthaM caMdappahamahayareNeyaM / / sva0 dalAla ne candraprabha mahattara ko amRtadevasUra (nivRttivaMza) kA ziSya mAnA hai jo 'jaina vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA' meM prakAzita prati se khaNDita hotA hai| vijayacandrakevalicaritra para jayasUri aura hemaratnasUri evaM ajJAta lekhaka kI racanAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai para unakA grantha-parimANa aura racanAkAla zAta nahIM hai| zrIcandrakevalicarita-isameM 16 ve kAmadeva zrIcandra kA caritra nibaddha hai| yaha kathA AcAmlavardhanatapa ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie racI 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 283. 2. vaho. 3. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, grantha saM0 16, bhAvanagara, 1906; kezavalAla premacandra kaMsArA, khaMbhAta, vi0 saM0 2007, gujarAtI bhanuvAda-jai. pra. sa0 bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1962; jinaratnakoza, pR0 354. 4. hIrAlAla ra0 kApar3iyA-pAiya bhASAmo bhane sAhitya, pR0 11. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 354. 6. kuMvarajI ANaMdajI, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1993.

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa gaI hai| isameM cAra adhyAya haiM jinameM kula milAkara 3106 zloka haiN| yaha prasAdapUrNa eka saMskRta kAvya hai| isameM janmakAla se sautele bhAiyoM ke DAha ke kAraNa zrIcandra kA mAtA-pitA se viyukta hokara eka vaNika ke ghara meM pAlana, yuvA hone para deza-dezAntaroM meM bhramaNa, aneka rUpavatI kanyAoM se vivAha, anekoM adbhuta kAryoM kA pradarzana tathA anta meM apane mAtA-pitA se bheMTa, sAmrAjyapAlana Adi kA varNana tathA usakI tapasyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| bIcabIca meM aneka prAkRta padya udhRta kiye gae haiN| isa grantha kA AdhAra koI prAcIna prAkRta kRti hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-grantha ke anta meM diye gaye nimna padya se jJAta hotA hai ki saM0 598 meM siddharSi ne kisI prAkRta caritra ke AdhAra se ise saMskRta meM banAyA hai : vasvakeSumite varSe ( 598), zrosiddharSiridaM mahat / prAk prAkRtacaritrAddhi, caritraM saMskRtaM vyavadhAt / / 959 // para yaha itanI prAcIna racanA nahIM mAlUma hotii| isa grantha kI eka anya prati meM ise guNaratnasUri kI kRti kahA gayA hai| hameM guNaratnasUri kA vizeSa paricaya nahIM miltaa| yadi yaha prasiddha kRti 'upamitibhavaprapaJcAkathA' ke kartA siddharSi dvArA racita hai to isakA uparinirdiSTa samaya ThIka nhiiN| siddharSi (906 I0) dazave zataka ke vidvAn the| isa racanA meM 'upamitibhavaprapaJcA' jaisI udAttatA bhI nhiiN| zrIcandracaritranAmaka do anya racanAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| eka ke kartA ajJAta haiM aura dUsare ke kartA zIlasiMhagaNi haiM jo Agamagaccha ke jayA .. caturtha adhyAya; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 106. 2. ukta zloka meM aMkita saM0 568 ko, DA. mirono ( Mironow ) ne apane san 1991 meM siddharSi para likhe gaye nibandha meM, gupta saMvat mAnA hai| isase vi0 saM0 974 aura I. san 917 AtA hai aura isa taraha isakI upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathA kI racanA (saM0 962 ) se samakAlikatA baiThatI hai| para gupta saMvat kA itane paravartI kAla taka prayoga bhanyatra dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| isalie siddharSikRta racanA mAnanA saMdehApakSa hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya nandasUri ke ziSya the| isameM cAra adhyAya haiN| granthAna 3700 zloka-pramANa hai| racanAkAla saM0 1494 hai|' sattarahaveM kAmadeva nala para jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta aura prAkRta meM aneka kAvya, kathAe~ aura prabaMdha likhe haiN| unameM aneka to bar3e-bar3e granthoM ke antargata haiM aura kucha svatantra racanAe~ bhI haiM, jinameM pramukha aura mahattvapUrNa kAvya nalAyanam hai| , nalAyana-isa kAvya meM 17 veM kAmadeva nala aura unakI pativratA patnI damayantI kA carita jaina dRSTi se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha 'nava maMgala' zabdAGkita mahAkAvya hai| isakI racanA daza skandhoM meM kI gaI hai jinameM kula milAkara 100 sarga aura 4056 padya haiN| nalAyana ke dUsare nAma 'kuberapurANa' aura 'zukapATha' bhI haiM / kavi ne nala ke janma se lekara mRtyu taka pUrA vivaraNa diyA hai, isase kAvya bahuta vistRta ho gayA hai| isa kAvya kI kathA ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama bhAga meM nala ke janma se lekara damayantI se vivAha aura use lekara niSadha deza meM Ane taka, dvitIya bhAga meM nala kI dyUtakrIr3A se lekara damayantI kI punaH prApti taka tathA tRtIya bhAga meM nala ke zrAddhadharma svIkAra karane se lekara mRtyu ke pazcAt kubera banane taka kathA AtI hai| prathama skandha se lekara tRtIya skandha taka prathama bhAga kI kathA varNita hai / caturtha se ATha taka ke skandhoM meM dvitIya bhAga kI aura navama-dazama meM tRtIya bhAga kI kathA varNita hai| nalAyanam kA kathAnaka jainacarita granthoM meM upalabdha AkhyAnoM para AdhArita hai ataH vyAsakRta 'mahAbhArata' meM upalabdha nalopAkhyAna se tulanA karane para usameM aneka sthaloM para parivartana kiyA gayA dRSTigocara hotA hai| para yaha kavi ne svayaM nahIM kiyaa| usane jaina paramparAgata nala-carita kI mUla kathA ko jyoM kA tyoM grahaNa kiyA hai / phira bhI kAvya ke aneka aMzoM meM kavi kI maulikatA evaM kAvyakuzalatA jhalakatI hai| haMsa-bhaimI saMvAda, devadUta-nala-bhaimI saMvAda, nala ke viraha meM damayantI kA vilApa Adi prasaMgoM meM paryApta maulikatA hai| devadUta, nala aura damayantI ke bIca hue vArtAlApa evaM saMvAda meM zrIharSakRta naiSadhIyacarita kA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 396. 2. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1994, jinarasnakoza, pR0 205.

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136 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai| isa prasaMga meM aneka bhAvasAmya aura zabdasAmya dikhAI par3ate haiN| isa nalAyanakAvya meM 12 varSa paryanta nala-damayantI ke viyoga kA varNana atyadbhuta hai| jue meM Asakti rakhanevAle logoM kI jo-jo durdazA yA parivartana hote haiM ve bar3e romAMcakArI haiN| prasaMga-prasaMga para aneka camatkArI ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| isI grantha meM zakuntalA, kalAvatI aura tilakamaMjarI kI avAntara kathAe~ bhI draSTavya haiN| isa vRhat kathA meM aneka pAtra haiM kintu nala aura damayantI ko chor3a anya kisI pAtra ke caritra kA vikAza nahIM huA hai| isameM nAyaka nala kA caritra bar3A hI bhavya citrita kiyA gayA hai| nAyikA damayantI kA bhI patiparAyaNA bhAratIya nArI ke rUpa meM utkRSTa citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM prakRti-citraNa bhI vibhinna rUpoM meM huA hai| nalAyana kI zreSThatA kA bahuta bar3A zreya prakRti aura bIvana ke bIca tAdAtmya sthApita karane meM hai| pAtroM ke saundarya-citraNa meM kavi ne damayantI ke saundarya-varNana meM nakhazikhapaddhati kA avalambana liyA hai tathA nala ke samagra saundarya kA saMzliSTa citraNa kiyA hai| isa paramparAgata kathAnaka meM kavi ne apane samaya kI rUr3hiyoM, paramparAoM, mAnyatAoM aura rIti-rivAjoM kA yatra-tatra ullekha kara sAmAjika adhyayana kI paryApta sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| paurANika kAvya hone para bhI isameM anya dUsare paurANika kAvyoM kI taraha jainadharma ke siddhAntoM aura niyamoM kA bAhulya nahIM hai| isameM dhArmika niyamoM kA vivecana kahIM bhI kramika rUpa meM na dekara yatra-tatra itane saMkSipta rUpa meM diyA hai| ki usase kathAnaka meM koI zithilatA nahIM Ane pAI hai| isa kAvya maiM zAnta rasa kI hI pradhAnatA hai, zeSa sabhI rasoM kI bhI sundara yojanA yathAsthAna huI hai| alaMkAroM meM zabdAlaMkAra ke yamaka. anuprAsa aura vIpsA kA prayoga bahuta adhika huA hai| isameM pANDityapradarzana karane ke lie .. skandha 2, sarga 4. 4-5, . sarga 8. 44-45, skandha 1, sarga 2. 30-31, 30-39, sarga 12.14-15 aadi| 2. skandha 2, sarga 14. 30-31; skandha 5, sarga 21. 68, sarga 7. 2. 3. skandha 2, sarga 9. 8, skandha 3, sarga 9. 22, 27, 34-36, skandha 4, sarga 1.., 8, 10, sarga 1. 65-67, 72-73. 1. skandha 1, sarga 5. 51-52, skandha 5, sarga 5. 18. 5. skandha 1, sarga 14. 49, sarga .. 32, 38, ska0 3, sarga 11. 13, ska0 4, sarga 4. 30-33.

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paurANika mahAkAvya kliSTa, kRtrima aura zleSayukta padAvalI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| arthAlaMkAroM ke prayoga meM kavi ne svAbhAvikatA kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai| isakI bhASA vaividhyapUrNa hai| eka ora isameM sarala bhASA kA prayoga huA hai to dUsarI ora praur3ha evaM pANDityapUrNa bhASA kaa| phira bhI kavi kA bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra pratIta hotA hai| bhASA jaise usake saMketa para nAcatI hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA kA eka anya pradhAna guNa usakI alaMkRti hai| isameM anuprAsa aura yamaka kA prayoga pada-pada para milatA hai| ye alaMkAra bhASA ke bhArarUpa banakara nahIM Aye balki bhASA-saundarya ke vRddhikAraka haiN| anuprAsa aura yamaka ke prayoga ne isa kAvya kI bhASA ko pravAhayukta, gatimaya, caMcala aura lalita banA diyA hai| isa kAvya meM yatra-tatra muhAvaroM kA bhI sundara prayoga huA hai| jisase bhASA kI vyAvahArikatA bar3hI hai| isa kAvya ke pratyeka sarga meM anuSTup kA prayoga adhika huA hai| katipaya sargoM meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai, isameM chanda bahuta jaldI-jaldI badale gaye haiN| anya chandoM meM mAlinI, AryA, zArdUlavikrIDita, vasantatilakA, mandAkrAntA, zikhariNI, pRthvI, drutavilambita, upajAti, indravajrA, upendravajrA, hariNI, rathoddhatA, svAgatA, puSpitAgrA, maMjubhASiNI, sragdharA, bhaMga, toTaka, bhujaMgaprayAta, zastha, sragviNI, hariNaplutA tathA kaI prakAra ke ardhasama varNika vRttoM kA prayoga huA hai| savaiyA aura SaTapadI jaise saMskRtetara chandoM kA prayoga isa kAvya meM huA hai| kaviparicaya evaM racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke anta meM koI prazasti nahIM dI gaI hai| isase kavi kA koI vizeSa paricaya nahIM miltaa| phira bhI pratyeka skandha ke anta meM jo prazasti dI gaI hai usameM kavi ne apanA aura apane gancha kA nAma diyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki vaTagacchIya sUri mANikyadeva ne isakI racanA kI hai| 1. ska. 1, sarga 1.31, 39, 40, 49; ska.., sarga 5. 35, ska03, sarga 9. 14, 16, ska0 4, sarga 6. 16; ska05, sarga 4. 3-4, ska0 7, sara 5. 12 bhAdi. 2. ska. 4, sarga 3. 4, sarga 6.51, sarga 9.45, sarga 12.40. .. etat kimapyanavamaM navamaMgalAkaM mANikyadevamuninA kRtinAM kRtaM yat / -prathama skandha. etat kimapyanavamaM navamaMgalAkaM cakre yadanna vaTagacchanabhomRgAH / -dvitIya skandha.

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150 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ___kavi ne isakI racanA kaba kI yaha jAnane kA vizeSa sAdhana nahIM hai phira bhI kavi ke kAla para prakAza DAlanevAle kucha sUtra hameM milate haiN| nalAyana ke tRtIya skandha ke antima padya se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ne isa kAvya se pahale yazodharacaritra kAnya kI racanA kI thii| donoM kAvyoM meM kucha padya samAna rUpa meM milate haiN| yazodharacaritra ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa kA nimnAMkita padya hemacandrakRta 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' se uddhRta mAlUma hotA hai| yathA karAmalakavadvizvaM kalayan kevlshriyaa| acintyamAhAtmyanidhiH suvidhirbodhaye'stu vaH / / cUMki hemacandra kA samaya IsA kI bArahavIM zatAbdo hai ataH mANikyasUri kA samaya isake bAda honA caahie| 'jaina pratimAlekhasaMgraha' meM zAmila do lekhoM ke AdhAra se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mANikyasUri saM0 1327 se saM0 1375 ke madhya jIvita the| saM0 1327 meM unhoMne mahAvIra-pratimA kI aura 1375 meM pArzvanAthapratimA kI pratiSThA karAI thii| isa kAla ke bIca kabhI bhI unhoMne apane donoM mahAkAvyoM kI racanA kI hogI, aisA hama mAna sakate hai| nalAyana. kAvya ke anya skandhoM kI prazastiyoM meM mANikyasUri kI kucha anya racanAoM ke nAma bhI Aye haiM / yathA-1. anubhavasAravidhi, 2. municarita, 3. manoharacarita, 4. paMcanATaka / para ina granthoM kI abataka khoja nahIM huI hai| ___ nala ke viSaya meM jaina vidvAnoM kI saMskRta-prAkRta meM anya kRtiyA~ isa prakAra haiM 1. nalavilAsa nATaka-rAmacandrasUrikRta / 2. nalacarita-triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritAntargata / 1. etat kimapyanavamaM navamAlAkaM zrImadyazodharacaritrakRtA kRtaM yat |-tRtiiyskndh. 2. ska0 9, sarga 2, zloka 8 tathA yazodharacaritra, sarga 2, zloka 33; skandha 9, sarga 2, zloka 26 tathA yazodharacaritra, sarga 2, zloka 34; ska. 5, sarga 1, zlo0 29 tathA yazodharacaritra, sarga 13, zlo0 78. 3. ni0 za0 pu0 ca0, parva 1.11. 4. buddhisAgarasUri-jaina pratimAlekhasaMgraha, prathama bhAga, lekha saM0 137 aura 981.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 3. nalacarita-dharmadAsagaNiviracita vasudevahiNDI antargata / 4. nalopAkhyAna-devaprabhasUriviracita pANDavacaritAntargata / 5. nalacarita-devavijayagaNiviracita pANDavacaritAntargata / 6. nalacarita-guNavijayagaNiviracita neminAthacaritAntargata / 7. davayaMtIcarita-somaprabhAcAryaviracita kumArapAlapratibodhAntargata / 8. davayantIkathA-somatilakasUriviracita zIlopadezamAlAvRtti meM / 9. davayantIkathA-jinasAgarasUriviracita karpUraprakaraTIkA meM / 10. davayantIkathA-zubhazIlagaNiviracita bharatezvarabAhubalivRtti meM / 11. dvyntiiprbndh-(gdyruup)| 12. , , -(padyarUpa ) jaina granthAvalI / 13. davayaMtIcariya-pattanabhANDAra prAkRta-sUcIpatra / hanUmAncarita-caubIsa kAmadevoM meM hanumAna 18 ve haiN| rAmacaritra-kAvyoM meM inakA caritra acchI taraha diyA gayA hai| phira bhI inake carita kA avalambana lekara jaina kaviyoM ne svataMtra kAvya grantha likhe haiN| inameM se saMskRta meM 17vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn brahmaajita ne 12 sarga meM eka hanUmaccaritra kI racanA kI hai|' ise aMjanAcarita yA samIraNavRtta bhI kahate haiN| yaha apane samaya kA lokapriya kAvya rahA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-brahmaajita saMskRta ke acche vidvAn the| ye gola-zRMgAra jAti ke zrAvaka the| inake pitA kA nAma vIrasiMha evaM mAtA kA nAma pIthA thaa| ye bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti ke praziSya evaM bhaTTAraka vidyAnandi ke ziSya the| inhoMne bhRgukacchapura (bhar3auca ) ke neminAtha caityAlaya meM hanUmaccarita kI samApti kI thii| racanA-saMvat nahIM diyA gayA hai| __ anya hanUmaccaritroM meM 15vIM zatAbdI ke brahmajinadAsa kA gujarAtI meM hai aura raviSeNa tathA brahmadayAla ke hanUmacaritra bhI zAyada dezI bhASAoM meM haiN| hanUmAn kI mAtA aMjanA ke nAma para bhI kaI carita likhe gaye haiM jinakA paricaya alaga diyA jAyagA / 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 666. 2. vahI. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 459, DA. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 195.

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14. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa balirAjacarita-isameM 19veM kAmadeva kA caritra varNita hai / ise balinarendrakathAnaka yA balinareMdrAkhyAna bhI kahate haiM / isakA apara nAma bhuvanabhAnukevalicaritra bhI hai| isa para anekoM kaviyoM kI racanAe~ milatI haiN| saMskRta meM etadviSayaka maladhArI hemacandra tathA haribhadrasUrikRta kAvyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| anya lekhakoM meM vijayasiMhasUri ke ziSya udayavijaya tathA maladhArIgaccha ke vijayacandrasUri kI racanAoM kA bhI nirdeza milatA hai| ina sabakA racanAkAla ajJAta hai| balinarendrakathAnaka nAmaka saMskRta gadya meM upalabdha kAvya ke racayitA tapAgacchIya dharmahaMsagaNi ke ziSya indrahaMsagaNi haiM jise unhoMne saMvat 1554 meM racA thaa| inhIM indrahaMsagaNi ne saM0 1557 meM isa caritra ko pAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha kiyA thaa| yahI caritra' hIrakalazagaNi ne saM0 1572 meM racA hai / do anya racanAe~ ajJAtakartRka bhI milatI haiN| vasudevacarita-kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva jaina mAnyatAnusAra 20 veM kAmadeva the / unakA carita jaina sAhitya meM bar3e rocaka aura vyApaka rUpa se varNita hai| isa saMbaMdha meM sarvaprathama jJAta racanA bhadrabAhukRta vasudevacaritra hai jo aba taka anupalabdha hai| isakA ullekha devacandrasUri tathA mANikyacandrasUri ke zAntinAthacaritra meM kiyA gayA hai| __ vasudevahiNDI-isakA artha vasudeva kI yAtrAe~ hai| vasudevahiMDI meM vasudeva ke ghara chor3a kara bAhara ghUmane kI kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| apanI yAtrAoM meM vasudeva 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 282 aura 298. 2. vahI, pR0 298. 3. hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1919. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 298. 5. vahI. pATana grantha sUcIpatra, bhAga 1 ( gAyakavAr3a moriyaNTala sirIja saM0 76), pR0 204; jinaratnakoza, pR0 344. 7. sampAdaka-muni puNyavijaya jI, AtmAnanda jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, 1931; gujarAtI anuvAda-DA. bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA, mAtmAnanda jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2003, jinaratnakoza, pR0 344; isa grantha kA abhI taka kevala prathama khaNDa hI prakAza meM AyA hai| isameM bhI 19-20 veM lambhaka anupalabdha haiM tathA 28vAM apUrNa hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya 141 ko kaise-kaise logoM se milane kA avasara milA, kaise-kaise anubhava usako hue yaha saba basudevahiNDI meM hai| samasta grantha sau lambhakoM meM pUrNa huA hai jo vizAla do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama khaNDa meM 29 lambhaka haiM aura usakA parimANa 11 hajAra zloka-pramANa hai| isa khaNDa ke kartA saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka haiN| dUsare khaNDa meM 71 lambhaka haiM jo 17 hajAra zloka-pramANa haiM aura isake kartA dharmadAsagaNi haiN| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to dharmadAsagaNi ne apane 71 lambhakoM ke sandarbha ko prathama khaNDa ke 18 veM lambhaka kI kathA priyaGagusundarI ke sAtha jor3A hai yA eka taraha se vahA~ se kathA kA vistAra kiyA hai aura isa prakAra se saMghadAsa kI vasudevahiNDI (prathama khaNDa) ke peTa meM apane aMza ko bharane kA yatna kiyA hai| bhAva yaha hai ki saMghadAsagaNi kA 29 lambhakoMvAlA grantha svataMtra tathA apane meM paripUrNa thaa| pIche dharmadAsagaNi ne apane grantha ko nirmita kara ukta grantha ke madhyama aMza (18 veM lambhaka) se jor3a diyA hai| __ kathA kA vibhAjana chaH prakaraNoM meM kiyA gayA hai-kahuppatti (kathotpatti ), pIDhiyA ( pIThikA ), muha (mukha), paDimuha (pratimukha), sarIra (zarIra) aura uvasaMhAra ( upsNhaar)| prathama kathotpatti meM jambUsvAmicarita, kuberadattacarita, mahezvaradatta-AkhyAna, valkalacIri-prasannacandraAkhyAna, brAhmaNadArakakathA, aNADhiyadevotpatti Adi kA varNana kara anta meM vasudevacaritra kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| prathama prakaraNa ke anantara 50 pRSThoM kA eka mahattvapUrNa prakaraNa dhammillahiNDI nAma se AtA hai| isameM dhammilla nAmaka kisI sArthavAha putra kI kathA dI gaI hai jo deza-dezAntaroM meM bhramaNa kara 32 kanyAoM se vivAha karatA hai| isa prakaraNa kA vAtAvaraNa sArthavAhoM kI duniyA~ se vyApta hai| isI prakaraNa meM zIlavatI, dhanazrI, vimalasenA, grAmINa gAr3IvAna, vasudattAkhyAna, ripudamana narapati-AkhyAna tathA kRtaghna vAyasa Adi sundara laukika AkhyAna aura kathAe~ milatI haiN| bhArata kI prAcIna saMskRti jAnane ke lie dhammillahiMDI prakaraNa kA bar3A mahattva hai| ukta prakaraNa ke bAda dvitIya prakaraNa pIThikA AtI hai, jisameM pradyumna aura zambukumAra kI kathA, balarAma-kRSNa kI paTTarAniyoM kA paricaya, pradyumnakumAra kA janma aura usakA apaharaNa Adi pradyumnacarita diyA gayA hai| tRtIya prakaraNa-mukha meM kRSNa ke putra zamba aura bhAnu kI krIr3AoM kA varNana hai / yaha anekavidha subhASitoM se bharA huA hai|

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142 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa caturtha prakaraNa pratimukha meM andhakavRSNi kA paricaya aura usake pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| andhakavRSNi ke putroM meM jyeSTha samudravijaya thA aura kaniSTha vasudeva / vasudeva kI AtmakathA pradyumna ke vyaGga karane para prArambha hotI hai| prasaMga yaha hai ki satyabhAmA ke putra subhAnu ke vivAha ke lie 108 kanyAe~ ekatra kI gaI kintu unheM chInakara rukmiNIputra zAmba ne vivAha kiyaa| isa para pradyumna ne apane bAbA vasudeva se kahA-dekhiye ! zAmba ne baiThe-baiThAye 108 badhue~ prApta karalI aura Apa sau varSoM taka bhramaNa kara sau maNiyoM ko hI prApta kara sake ! vasudeva ne uttara diyA ki zAmba to kUpamaNDUka hai jo saralatA se prApta bhogoM se santuSTa ho jAtA hai| maiMne to paryaTana karake aneka sukha-duHkhoM kA anubhava kiyA hai| paryaTana se nAnA prakAra ke anubhava tathA jJAna kI vRddhi hotI hai / isake bAda vasudeva apane 100 varSoM ke bhramaNa kA vivaraNa prastuta karate haiN| paMcama prakaraNa zarIra prathama lambhaka se prAraMbha hokara 29 veM lambhaka meM samApta hotA hai| isameM jisa kanyA se vivAha hotA usI ke nAma se lambhakoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| ina lambhakoM ke kathA-prasaMgoM meM jaina purANoM meM samAgata aneka upAkhyAna, carita, ardha aitihAsika vRttoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai jo pazcAdvartI anekoM kAvyoM-kathAoM kA upajIvya hai| udAharaNa ke lie gandharvadattA lambhaka meM viSNukumAracarita, cArudattacarita tathA purAne jamAne meM hamAre deza meM sArtha ( kAphile) kaise calate the aura vyApArI mAla lAda kara samudra mArga se deza-videza arthAt cIna, suvarNa bhUmi, yavadvIpa, siMhala, barbara aura yavana deza ke sAtha kaise vyApAra karate the Adi kA jItA-jAgatA citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai| isI gandharvadattA lambhaka meM atharvaveda-praNetA pippalAda kI kathA dI gaI hai| nIlajalasA tathA somasiri ina do lambhakoM meM pUrA RSabhadevapurANa diyA gayA hai| isI meM parvata-nArada-vasu upAkhyAna bhI diyA gayA hai| yahIM kaI tIrthoM kI utpatti-kathA bhI dI gaI hai| sAtave lambhaka ke pazcAt prathama khaNDa kA dvitIya aMza prAraMbha hotA hai| madanavegA lambhaka meM sanatkumAra cakravartI kI kathA tathA rAmAyaNa kI kathA dI gaI hai| yahA~ varNita rAmakathA paumacAreya kI rAmakathA se kaI bAtoM meM bhinna hai / ' 1. ' jaranala oNpha moriyaNTala iMsTiTyUTa, bar3audA, jilda 2, bhAga 2, pR0 128 meM pro0 vI0 ema0 kulakarNI kA lekha-'vasudevahiNDo ko rAmakathA' /

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paurANika mahAkAvya 143 yaha vAlmIki rAmayaNa se bahuta-kucha milatI-julatI hai| sItA ke sambaMdha meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha mandodarI kI putrI thii| use eka peTikA meM rakha kara rAjA janaka kI udyAnabhUmi meM gar3avA diyA thA, jahA~ se hala calAte samaya usakI prApti huI thii| 18 ve priyaMgusundarIlaMbhaka meM sagaraputroM ke kailAzaparvata ke cAroM ora khAI khodane para bhasma hone kI kathA bhI varNita hai| 19-20 laMbhaka naSTa ho gaye haiN| isake bAda ketumatIlaMbhaka meM zAnti, kunthu, araha tIrthaMkaroM ke carita tathA tripRSTa Adi nArAyaNa-pratinArAyaNoM ke caritra bhI diye gaye haiN| padmAvatIlambhaka meM harivaMza kula kI utpatti bhI dikhalAI gaI hai| devakIlaMbhaka meM kaMsa ke pUrva-bhavoM kA bhI varNana diyA gayA hai| ___isa taraha vasudevahiNDI meM aneka AkhyAna, carita, ardha aitihAsika vRtta Aye haiM jinheM uttarakAlIna prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza kaviyoM ne pallavita kara aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| yaha grantha haribhadra ke samarAhacakahA kA bhI srota hai| yahIM se agar3adatta ke carita ko vikasita kiyA gayA hai| jambUcaritoM ke srota yahIM prApta hote haiN| ___ racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa grantha ke donoM khaNDoM ke do racayitA haiN| pahale ke saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka haiM aura dUsare ke dharmadAsagaNi / para inake jIvanavRtta aura anya kRtiyoM ke sambandha meM kucha paricaya nahIM miltaa| yaha kathA Agametara sAhitya meM prAcInatama ginI jAtI hai| AvazyakacUrNi ke kartA jinadAsagaNi ne isakA upayoga kiyA hai| isakA 'vasudevacarita' nAma se setu aura ceTaka kathA ke sAtha nizIthacUrNi meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne apanI kRti vizeSaNavatI meM bhI isakA nirdeza kiyA hai| ina ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isakA racanAkAla lagabhaga pA~carvI zatAbdI honA caahie| isakI bhASA bhI prAcIna mahArASTrI prAkRta hai jisakI tulanA cUrNi granthoM se kI jA sakatI hai| dissahe. gacchIya, vahAe, piva, geNheppi Adi rUpa tathA dezI zabdoM ke prayoga isameM milate haiN| yaha kathA-grantha gadyAtmaka samAsAnta padAvalI se vibhaSita hai| bIca-bIca meM padya bhI A gaye hai| bhASA sarala, svAbhAvika aura prasAdaguNayukta hai| 1. vasudevahiNDI kI bhASA ke sambandha meM DAkTara bhAlsaDorpha kA lekha 'buleTina Apha da skUla Apha oriyaNTala sTaDIja', jilda 8, tathA vasudevahiNDI ke gujarAtI bhanuvAda kI prastAvanA /

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___ jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa jarmana vidvAn AlsaDorpha ne vasudevahiNDI kI tulanA guNADhya kI paizAcI bhASA meM likhI bRhatkathA se kI hai| saMghadAsagaNi kI isa kRti ko ve bRhatkathA kA rUpAntara mAnate haiN| bRhatkathA' meM naravAhanadatta kI kathA dI gaI hai aura isameM vasudeva kA carita / guNADhya kI ukta racanA kI bhA~ti isameM bhI zRMgArakathA kI mukhyatA hai para antara yaha hai ki jainakathA hone se isameM bIca-bIca meM dharmopadeza vikhare par3e haiN| vasudevahiNDI meM eka ora sadAcArI zramaNa, sArthavAha evaM vyavahArapaTu vyaktiyoM ke carita aMkita hai to dUsarI ora kapaTI tapasvI, brAhmaNa, kuTanI, vyabhicAriNI striyoM aura hRdayahIna vezyAoM ke| kathAnakoM kI zailI sarasa evaM sarala hai| vasudevahiNDIsAra-yaha 28 hajAra zloka-pramANa vizAla kathAgrantha vasudevahiNDI kA saMkSipta sAra hai jo 250 zloka-pramANa prAkRta gadya meM likhA gayA hai| isa vasudevahiNDIsAra ke kartA kauna haiM, unhoMne kyoM aura kisalie sAroddhAra kiyA hai ? yaha nizcita nahIM ho skaa| kevala grantha ke anta meM likhA hai ki 'ii saMkhepeNa siriguNanihANasUrINaM kae kahA kahiyA' arthAt zrIguNanidhAnasUri ke lie saMkSepa meM kathA kahI gaI hai / para kisane kahI hai yaha jJAta na ho skaa| isa prati meM isakA spaSTa yA aspaSTa ullekha bhI nahIM hai| isake sampAdaka paM0 vIracandra ke anusAra yaha grantha tIna-cAra sau varSa se adhika prAcIna nahIM hai| ise 'vasudevahiNDIAlApaka' bhI kahA jAtA hai para granthAnta meM 'vasudevahiNDI kahA samattA' likhA hai isase isakA 'vasudevahiNDIsAra' nAma ThIka hai| __pradyumnacaritra-bIsaveM kAmadeva vasudeva ke pautra tathA navama nArAyaNa zrIkRSNa ke putra pradyumna jainadharmasammata ikkIsaveM kAmadeva (atizaya rUpavAn ) the| pradyumna kA carita jaina kaviyoM ko itanA rucikara thA ki unhoMne use sAdhAraNa purANoM meM paryApta sthAna dene ke atirikta svatantra kAvyoM ke rUpa meM bhI racA hai| .. bRhatkathA kA saMskRta rUpAntara somadevakRta kathAsaritsAgara milatA hai jisameM naravAhanadatta ke sAtha vivAhita honevAlI kanyAmoM ke nAma se lambhakoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| 2. hemacandrAcArya graMthAvalI (saM0 4), pATana, san 1917. 3. vasudevahiNDI, jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa (47-48 sarga), hemacandra ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa meM pradyumnacarita diyA gayA hai|

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2. " paurANika mahAkAvya abataka saMskRta, apabhraMza aura hindI meM etadviSayaka 25 se adhika kRtiyA~ milI haiM / yahA~ saMskRta meM upalabdha racanAoM kI sUcI dekara kathAvastu kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAyegA aura kucha prakAzita racanAoM kA paricaya bhii| 1. pradyumnacarita mahAsenAcArya (11 vIM zatI) bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti (15 ,, ,,) 3. , bhaTTA0 somakIrti yA somasena ( saM0 1530 ) 4. zAmbapradyumnacarita ravisAgaragaNi (, 1645 ) tapAgaccha 5. pradyumnacarita zubhacandra (17 vIM zatI) ratnacandra (saM0 1671 )tapAgaccha bhaTTA0 mallibhUSaNa ( 17 vIM zatI) bhaTTA0 vAdicandra (,, ,) bhaTTA0 bhogakIrti samaya ajJAta 10. jinezvarasUri yazodhara pradyumna kI saMkSipta kathA-zrIkRSNa kI rAnI rukmiNI se pradyumna hue the| janma kI chaThI rAtri ko unheM dhUmaketu rAkSasa apaharaNa kara le gayA aura eka zilA ke nIce dabAkara bhAga gyaa| usI samaya kAlasaMvara vidyAdhara ne inheM uThA liyA aura apanI strI ko putra-rUpa meM pAlane ke lie de diyaa| pradyumna ne yuvA hone para kAlasaMvara ke zatru siMhastha ko parAjita kiyaa| pradyumna kA bala evaM pratibhAcAturI dekhakara kAlasaMvara ke anya putra jalane lge| jinadarzana ke bahAne ve use vana meM le gaye aura eka ke bAda aneka vipattiyoM meM pha~sAte gaye parantu pradyumna nirbhayatA se una para vijaya pAkara aneka vidyAoM kA dhanI ho gyaa| usane apane buddhi-kauzala se pAlaka mAtA kaMcanamAlA se bhI tIna vidyAe~ le lii| para kaMcanamAlA apanA svArtha siddha hote na dekha Rddha ho gii| kAlasaMvara ko usane ubhaadd'aa| vaha pradyumna ko mArane ko taiyAra huA ki isI bIca nArada ne Akara bacAva kiyaa| pIche vAstavika sthiti kA patA claa| pradyumna dvArikA kI ora lautte| rAste meM duryodhana ke vivAha ke lie jAtI huI kanyA kA apaharaNakara vimAna dvArA dvArikA aaye| dvArikA lauTane para unhoMne apane vaimAtuka bhAI bhAnukumAra evaM satyabhAmA ko apanI vidyAoM se khUba chkaayaa| tatpazcAt brahma 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 264 aura 133. 10

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146 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa cArI veza banAkara apanI mAtA rukmiNI ke pAsa ge| vahA~ apane cAcA balarAma aura satyabhAmA kI dAsiyoM ko taMga kiyaa| pIche pradyumna ne mAyAmayI rukmiNI ko zrIkRSNa kI sabhA ke Age se hAtha pakar3a khIMcate hue le jAkara zrIkRSNa ko llkaaraa| kRSNa aura pradyumna meM khUba yuddha huaa| isI bIca na.99 ne Akara pradyumna kA paricaya diyaa| isase sabako bar3I prasannatA huI / pradyumna kA acchA svAgata huA tathA nagara meM utsava manAyA gyaa| pradyumna ne bahukAla taka rAjasukha bhogakara aura anta meM dIkSA dhAraNakara nirvANa pada prApta kiyaa| pradyamnacaritra para likhI racanAoM kI uparyukta tAlikA ke anusAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa caritra ko sarvaprathama svataMtra caritra' evaM kAvya ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kA zreya paramAravaMzIya nareza sindhurAja' (995 -998 I0 ) ke samakAlIna AcArya mahAsena ko hai| isa kAvya kA varNana zAstrIya kAvyoM ke prasaMga meM kiyA jaaygaa| kAla-krama se saMskRta meM dvitIya racanA bhaTTA0 sakalakIrti ( 15 vIM zatA0) racita pradyumnacarita kA ullekha milatA hai / pradyumnacarita-bhaTTAraka somakIrtikRta pradyumnacarita kAla-krama se tIsarI racanA hai| isake do saMskaraNa haiM : paDle meM 16 sarga jinakA granthaparimANa 6000 zloka hai, dUsarA 14 sagavAlA 4850 zloka-pramANa | mUla grantha kI saMskRta bahuta hI sIdhI-sAdI hai| isake par3hane se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki granthakartA kI yaha pahalI racanA hogii| isameM arthagAMbhIrya, saundarya tathA zabdoM kA saMgaThana udAtta nahIM hai / phira bhI kathA-prabaMdha sundara tathA cittAkarSaka hai| __ racayitA evaM racanAkAla-grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti meM kAvyanirmAtA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| tadanusAra bhaTTAraka somakIrti kASThAsaMghIya nandItaTa zAkhA ke santa the tathA 10vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha bhaTTAraka rAmasena kI paramparA meM honevAle bhaTTAraka the| unake dAdAguru lakSmIsena evaM guru bhImasena the| saM0 1518 (san 1461 ) meM racita eka aitihAsika padyAvalI meM inhoMne apane ko kASThAsaMgha kA 87vA~ bhaTTAraka likhA hai| inake gRhastha jIvana kA koI 1. mANikyacandra diga0 jaina graMthamAlA, saM08; 40 nAthUrAma premI-jaina sAhitya - aura itihAsa, pR. 411; jinaratnakoza, pR. 264. 2. DA. gu0 ca0 caudharI, poliTikala hisTrI oNpha nordarna iNDiyA, pR0 95. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 264.

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paurANika mahAkAvya paricaya upalabdha nahIM huA hai parantu saM0 ukta grantha kI prazasti meM racanAkAla saM0 huA hai / isa kAvya ke atirikta kavi ne vyasanakathA likhI thI tathA aneka kRtiyA~ rAjasthAnI meM bhI / sAmbapradyumnacarita - isameM pradyumna aura usake anuja sAmba ke lokaraMjaka caritra kA varNana 16 sargoM meM prAMjala saMskRta padyoM meM diyA gayA hai / yaha kAvya 7200 zloka pramANa hai / kathA ke upodghAta meM batalAyA hai ki yaha kathA antaHkRddazAMga ke caturtha varga ke 8 veM sUtra meM AtI hai aura ise sudharmA gaNadhara ne jambU ko kahA thA / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - grantha ke anta meM 53 padyoM kI eka prazasti aura eka puSpikA dI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki isake kartA nUtanacaritrakaraNa- parAyaNa paNDita cakra cakravartI paM0 zrI ravisAgara gaNi' haiM jinhoMne isa grantha ko saM0 1645 meM samApta kiyA thA aura unake ziSya jinasAgara ne lipibaddha kiyA thA / tapAgaccha ke hIravijaya santAnIya rAjasAgara inake dIkSAguru the aura sahajasAgara tathA vinayasAgara inake adhyApaka the / isakI racanA mAMDali nagara meM kheMgAra rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM huI thI / " 147 1518 meM ye bhaTTAraka pada para the / 1531 pauSa sudI 13 budhavAra diyA saMskRta meM yazodharacarita aura sata pradyumnacarita - ise mahAkAvya ' bhI kahA gayA hai jo 16 sargoM meM vibhakta hai / granthapramANa 3569 zloka- pramANa hai / isameM pradyumna ko nimitta banAkara saurASTra 1. sarga 18, padya saM0 169. 2. DA0 kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina santaH vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, jayapura, 1961, pR0 43; jinaratnakoza, pR0 264; hindI anuvAda, buddhalAla pATanI, jaina grantha kAryAlaya, madanagaMja, rAjasthAna. 4. 3. hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1917; paM0 maphatalAla jhaveracandra, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 2008; jinaratnakoza, pR0 264 aura 433. padya saM0 48-53. tasmin mAMDalinAmni cArunagare kheMgArarAjottame, ". sampUrNasamajAyatorucaritaM pradyumnanAmAnagha / saMkhyAtazca sahasrasaptakamidaM dvAbhyAM zatAbhyAM (7200) zubhaM, paMcAMbhonidhiSaD nizApatimite 1645 varSe ciraM naMdatAn // 6. bI0 bI0 eNDa kampanI, khArageTa, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1974; jinaratna koza, pR0 264.

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148 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa Adi dezoM, dvArakAdi nagaroM, vividha vana, naMga, sarovara Adi ke prAkRtika varNana sarasa rUpa se diye gaye haiN| eka ora rukmiNI, satyabhAmA Adi kRSNa-patniyoM ke jIvana ke ullekha se strI-svabhAva, to dUsarI ora pravAsa, yAtrAdi ke saMcitraNa dvArA prAcIna puruSoM kI paradeza-pravAsa-kuzalatA aura yuddhAdi varNanoM meM nItirIti-parAyaNatA ke dazana hote haiN| isI meM kahIM-kahIM vasanta, kAmakeli Adi ke dvArA yuvakoM kA manoraMjana kiyA gayA hai to kahIM-kahIM Ate-jAte pakSiyoM evaM aMga-sphuraNa aura usake phalAphala kI sUcanA zakunazAstra ke anusAra dI gaI hai| isa taraha dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa puruSArthoM kI saphalatA dikhalAne meM kavi ne apanI kuzalatA prakaTa kI hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-kavi ne apanA laghu paricaya prati sarga meM diyA hai tathA anta meM vistArapUrvaka vaMzAvalI dI hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki ye tapAgaccha meM hIravijaya santAnIya zAnticandra vAcaka ke ziSya ratnacandragaNi the| vaha grantha unhoMne sUrata meM saM0 1674 ke Azvina mAsa kI vijayadazamI ke dina samApta kiyA thaa| ___ ratnacandra gaNi kI choTI-moTI aneka racanAe~ thIM, yaha isa kAvya meM pratisarga ke samAptivAkya se jJAta hotA hai| tadanusAra bhaktAmarastava, dharmastava, RSabhavIrastava, kRpArasakoSa, adhyAtmakalpadruma, naiSadhamahAkAvyavRtti, raghuvaMzakAvyavRtti Adi aneka kRtiyAM haiN| __nAgakumAracarita-bAIsaveM kAmadeva nAgakumAra kA carita zrutapaMcamI vrata kA mAhAtmya prakaTa karane ke lie jaina kaviyoM ne kathAbaddha kiyA hai| isa carita para mahAkavi puSpadanta kI apUrva kRti 'nAyakumAracariu' apabhraMza meM hai para saMskRta meM bhI kaI racanAe~ nirmita huI haiM jinakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai1. ratnayogIndra yA ratnAkara pA~casarga samaya-ajJAta 2. zikhAmaNi samaya-ajJAta 3. jinasena ke ziSya malliSeNa 500 zloka-pramANa 11-12vIM zatAbdI 4. dharmadhara yA dharmadhIra 53 patra, pratyeka meM 10 paktiyA~ aura pratyeka paMkti meM 32 akSara 1. yugamunirasazazivarSe (1674) mAsISe vijydshmikaadivse| sUratabandare mahopAdhyAyazrIralacandragaNibhiH viracitam // trisahasrA paMcazatI punarekonasaptatiH zlokAnAm (3569) / 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 209. samaya-ajJAta

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paurANika mahAkAvya 5. dAmanandi 6. vIrasena ke ziSya zrIdharasena 7. vAdirAja 8. ajJAtakartRka 8 sarga 149 samaya-ajJAta samaya-ajJAta, sthAna gonarda samaya ajJAta kathA kA sAra - kanakapura ke rAjA jayaMdhara aura rAnI pRthvI se nAgakumAra --- dvArA rakSA kiye jAne ke kAraNa hI vaha aneka vidyAe~ sIkhakara usane vivAha kiyA thA / rakhatA thA / nAgakumAra saphala ho gayA to zrIdhara kA janma huA thA / bAlyakAla meM nAgoM ke usakA nAgakumAra nAma par3A thA / nAgadeza se yuvA huA thA aura vahA~ kI sundara kinnariyoM se nAgakumAra kA sautelA bhAI zrIdhara jaba nagara ke eka madonmatta hAthI ko vaza karane meM usase IrSAdveSa aura bhI kupita ho gayA / 1 nAgakumAra apane pitA ke Agrahavaza kucha samaya ke lie videza bhramaNa ke lie calA gayA / sarvaprathama vaha mathurA pahu~cA aura vahA~ ke rAjA kI kanyA ko bandIgRha se nikAlakara kazmIra pahu~cA jahA~ para vINA vAdana meM tribhuvanati ko parAjita karake usake sAtha vivAha kiyA / ramyaka vana meM kAlaguphAvAsI bhImAsura se usakA sAkSAtkAra huA / kAMcanaguphA meM pahu~cakara usane aneka vidyAe~ evaM apAra sampatti prApta kii| isake bAda girizikharavAsI rAjA vanarAja se usakI bheMTa huI aura usakI putrI lakSmI se usakA vivAha huA / nAgakumAra vahA~ se giranAra parvata kI ora gayA / vahA~ usane sindha ke rAjA caNDapradyota se girinagara ke rAjA - apane mAmA kI rakSA kI aura usake badale usakI putrI se vivAha kiyA / isake pazcAt usane abaMdha nagara ke atyAcArI rAjA sukaMTha kA vadha kiyA aura usakI putrI rukmiNI se vivAha kiyA / anta meM usane pihitAsava muni se apanI priyA lakSmImalI ke pUrva bhava kI kathA evaM zrutapaMcamI ke upavAsa kA phala sunaa| idhara usake sautele bhAI zrIdhara ne dIkSA le lI taba usake pitA ne use bulAkara rAjyAbhiSeka kara dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| nAgakumAra ne rAjyasukha bhogakara anta meM sAdhu jIvana grahaNa kiyA aura mokSa pada pAyA / jisameM 507 padya haiM / nAgakumArakAvya - yaha pA~ca sargoM kA laghukAvya' hai isameM zrutapaMcamI yA zrIpaMcamI ke mAhAtmya ko sUcana karane ke lie 20 veM kAmadeva kA caritra varNita hai / ise zrutapaMcamIkathA bhI kahate haiM / isake 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 209, paM0 nAthUrAma premI - jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ( dvi0 saM0 ), pR0 315.

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150 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prAraMbha meM kahA gayA hai ki jayadevAdi kaviyoM ne jo gadya-padyamaya kathA likhI hai vaha mandabuddhiyoM ke lie viSama hai| maiM malliSeNa vidvajjanoM kA mana haraNa karanevAlI usI kathA ko prasiddha saMskRta vAkyoM meM padyabaddha racatA hU~ / " yaha kAvya bahuta sarala aura sundara hai / racayitA aura racanAkAla -- isake racayitA malliSeNa haiM / grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se granthakAra aura kAvya ke viSaya meM paryApta paricaya milatA hai / tadanusAra ye una ajita sena kI ziSya paramparA meM hue haiM jo gaMganareza rAyamalla aura unake maMtrI tathA senApati cAmuNDarAya ke guru the aura jinheM nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne 'bhuvanaguru' kahA hai / ajitasena ke ziSya kanakasena, kanakasena ke jinasena aura jinasena ke ziSya malliSeNa / malliSeNa ne jinasena ke anuja yA satIrtha narendrasena ko bhI gurUrUpa se smaraNa kiyA hai| ye nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakAra vAdirAja ke samakAlIna the / inakA samaya gyArahavIM sadI kA anta aura bArahavIM kA prAraMbha ho sakatA hai| inakI kaI racanAe~ milatI haiM-mahApurANa, bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa, sarasvatImaMtrakalpa, jvAlinI kalpa, kAmacANDAlIkalpa / inameM kevala mahApurANa kA racanAkAla jyeSTha sudI 5, za0 saM0 969 ( vi0 saM0 1104 ) diyA gayA hai / anya granthoM kA samaya nahIM diyA gayA hai / jIvandharacarita--jaina mAnya kAmadevoM meM jIvandhara 23veM kAmadeva the / inake carita ko lekara saMskRta aura tamila meM kaviyoM ne gadyakAvya, campUkAvya tathA sAmAnyakAvyoM kI racanA kI hai / guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa ke 75 adhyAya meM jIvandhara kI kathA sarvaprathama dekhane meM AtI hai| abataka upalabdha racanAoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai 1. kSatracUDAmaNi yA jIvandharacarita ( laghukAvya ) vAdIbhasiMha oDayadeva 2. gadyacintAmaNi ( gadyakAvya ) 1. kavibhirjayadevAdyaH gadyapadya vinirmitam viSamaM mandamedhasAm / yattadevAsti cedatra prasiddhairsaskRtairvAkyairvidvajjanamanoharam yanmayA padyabandhena malliSeNena racyate // X X x tenaiSA kavicakriNA viracitA zrIpaJcamI satkathA / 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 143. "" :9

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paurANika mahAkAvya 3. jIvandharacampU 4. jIvandharacarita (campUkAvya) mahAkavi haricandra mAskara kavi sucandrAcArya :? brahmayya zubhacandra (saM0 1603) . jIvandhara kI kathA kA sAra-rAjapura kA rAjA satyaM ghara viSayAsakta hokara rAjya:saMcAlana se vimukha ho rAjyabhAra apane mantrI kASThAGgAra ko de detA hai| apanI rAnI ke prasavakAla meM rAjA vizvAsaghAtI mantrI dvArA SaDyantrapUrvaka mArA jAtA hai| paTTarAnI vijayA tathA anya do rAniyoM ne tathA rAjA ke cAra anya vizvAsI mitroM kI patniyoM ne gupta rUpa se janme putra ko eka vaNika ke ghara paalaa| rAnI vijayA ke putra kA nAma jIvandhara pdd'aa| vaha bacapana se hI honahAra aura camatkArI thaa| usane Age calakara apanI asAdhAraNa buddhi aura zaurya kA paricaya diyaa| usane eka sAdhu ko apane hAtha se bhojana jimAkara usakA bhasmaka roga dUra kiyA / yauvana prApta karate hI usane eka ke bAda eka 8 sundarI kanyAoM ko vivAhA / pratyeka ke vivAha-prasaMga meM usane apanI vibhinna kalAoM kA pradarzanakara logoM ko Azcaryacakita kara diyA thaa| vaha jAdU kI aMgUThI ke sahAre veza bhI badala sakatA thaa| antima vivAha ke prasaMga meM usane apanA vAstavika paricaya anya rAjAoM ko diyA aura unakI madada se vizvAsaghAtI mantrI kA vadhakara rAjya prApta kara skaa| eka samaya bagIce meM usane bandaroM ke jhuMDa ko krodha meM lar3ate dekhaa| isase use saMsAra se ghRNA ho gaI aura vaha bhaga0 mahAvIra ke samosaraNa meM dIkSita ho gayA aura tapasyAkara mokSapada pAyA / ' kSatracUDAmaNi-jIvandhara ko kSatra yA kSatriyoM meM cUDAmaNi -tulya mAnakara isa kAvya kA nAma kSatracUDAmaNi' rakhA gayA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma bIvandharacarita bhI hai| 1. viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 500-503. 2. rAjatAM rAjarAjo'yaM rAjarAjo mahodayaH, tejasA vayasA zUraH kSatracUDAmaNirguNaiH / 3. sampAdaka TI0 e0 kuppusvAmI, saMjora, 1903, hindI anuvAda, digambara jaina pustakAlaya sUrata; jinaratnakoza, pR0 97.

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152 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakI racanA prArambha se anta taka anuSTup chandoM meM huI hai| isameM kula milAkara 746 zloka haiM jo 11 lamboM ( lambha) meM vibhakta haiN| yaha apanI pUrvavartI racanA gadyacintAmaNi se isa artha meM bhinna hai ki vaha to saMskRta gadya meM ojapUrNa bhASA meM zRMgArAdi rasoM se paripluta likhI gaI hai aura prauDhamati logoM ke dvArA hI paThanIya hai jabaki yaha bahuta hI sarala aura prasAdaguNayukta zailI meM likhI gaI hai, ise sukumAramativAle bahuta acchI taraha par3ha sakate haiN| isa grantha kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM kathA ke sAtha-sAtha nIti aura upadeza bhI calatA hai| kavi prAyaH zloka ke pUrvArdha meM apanI kathA ko kahatA calatA hai aura sAtha-sAtha uttarAdha meM arthAntaranyAsa ke dvArA koI na koI nIti yA zikSA kI sundara sUkti detA jAtA hai / yathA abodhayacca tAM patnoM labdhabodho mhiiptiH| tattvajJAnaM hi jAgarti viduSAmArtisambhave / / 1.57 + + + parAjeSTa punastena gavArthaM prahitaM balaM / svadeze hi zazaprAyo baliSThaH kujarAdapi // 2.64 + + + matsarI kauraveNAyaM bhartsanAdayuyutsata / matsarANAM hi nodeti vastuyAthAtmyacintanam / / 10.35 racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke racayitA oDayadeva vAdIbhasiMha haiN| gadyakAvya gadyacintAmaNi ke racayitA aura isa kAvya ke racayitA ke eka hI hone kA anumAna hai| kucha vidvAn racanA-zailI aura zabda-yojanA kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa donoM ke ekakartRtva hone meM sandeha karate haiN|' kavi ke kSetra aura samaya ke sambandha meM bhI vivAda hai| vI0 zeSagirirAva ke abhimata se kavi kaliMga ke gaMjAma jile kA nivAsI thaa| gaMjAma jilA tamilanADu ke uttara meM hai aura ur3IsA prAnta ke antargata hai| vahA~ oDeya aura goDeya do jAtiyA~ rahatI haiN| 1. DA. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 171.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 153 sambhavataH kavi oDeya jAti ke saradAra kumAra the kyoMki inakA nAma oDayadeva bhI milatA hai| ur3IsA aura tamiladeza kI lokakathAoM meM Aja bhI jIvandhara kI kathA pAI jAtI hai| kavi ke jIvana ke sambandha meM kucha bhI jJAta nhiiN| inhoMne apane guru kA nAma puSpasena batalAyA hai| vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki vAdIbhasiMha inakI upAdhi thI kyoMki inhoMne aneka vAdirUpI siMhoM ko jItA thaa| kavi ke samaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM ekamata nahIM hai| para adhikAMza matoM ke anusAra ye yA to 11vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha ke kavi the yA uka zatAbdI ke uttarArdha ke| kavi kI anya racanAoM meM 'gadyacintAmaNi' aura 'syAdvAdasiddhi' prakAzita haiN| eka anya jIvandharacarita ke racayitA bhaTTAraka zubhacandra haiN| isameM 13 sarga haiN| kavi ne ise dharmakathA kahA hai aura isakI racanA saM0 1603 meM navInanagara ke candraprabha jinAlaya meM kI thii| racayitA kA vizeSa paricaya aura unakI racanAoM kA nirdeza hamane unakI anya racanA 'pANDavapurANa' ke prArambha meM kiyA hai| jIvandhara-sambandhI gadyAtmaka kRti gadyacintAmaNi kA gadyakAvyoM meM aura jIvandharacampU kA campUkAvyoM meM paricaya diyA jaaygaa| zeSa racanAoM kA ullekhamAtra milatA hai| jambUsvAmicarita-jambU bhaga0 mahAvIra ke antima gaNadhara tathA jainamAnya 24 atizaya rUpavAna ( kAmadeva) puruSoM meM antima the| yaha carita bhI jaina 1. samayanirNaya ke lie dekheM, nyAyakumudacandra (mA0 di0 grantha0), prastAvanA, pR0 111; syAdvAdasiddhi (mA0 di0 grantha0), prastAvanA, pR0 11; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, bambaI, 1956, pR0 324-328; gayacintAmaNi, zrIraMgam, 1916, prastAvanA, pR0 7-8, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhArA, bhAga 6, kiraNa 2, pR074-87 tathA bhAga 7, kiraNa 1, pR0 1-8; hisTrI Apha klAsikala saMskRta liTarecara (ema. kRSNamAcArI), madrAsa, 1937, pR0 177, gathacintAmaNi (bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANaso), prastAvanA. 2. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 100, prazasti, paca 7 meM racanAkAla diyA hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kaviyoM ko itanA rocaka lagA ki usa para saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA dezIbhASAoM meM 100 se adhika racanAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| yahA~ kAlakrama se saMskRta, prAkRta meM upalabdha sAmagrI tathA svatantra kAvyoM kI sUcI prastuta karate haiM1. saMghadAsagaNi (5-6 vI zatA0) vasudevahiMDI kA kathotpatti prakaraNa ..(prAkRta) 2. guNabhadrAcArya (san 850 ke lagabhaga) uttarapurANa kA 76vA~ parva 213 zloka (saMskRta) 3. jayasiMhapUri (san 858) dharmopadezamAlA - vivaraNa meM saMkSeparUpa se kucha paMktiyA~ aura jambUcarita se sambaddha cAra kathAe~ prakIrNakarUpa meM (prAkRta) 4. bhadrezvarasUri (10-11vIM zatA0) kahAvalI ke antargata (prAkRta) 5. guNapAlamuni (vi. saM. 1076 ke pUrva) jambUcariya 16 uddezaka (prAkRta) 6. ratnaprabhasUri (vi. saM. 1238) upadezamAlA para vizeSa vRtti ke antargata (saMskRta) 7. jinasAgarasUri-pratiSThAsoma karpUraprakaraNa-TIkA ke antargata (saMskRta) 8. hemacandrAcArya (vi.saM.1217-1229) pariziSTaparva-4 parva (saMskRta) (guNapAlakRta jambUcariyaM ke anusAra) 9. udayaprabhasari (vi. saM. 1279-90) dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya 8 sarga (saMskRta) 10. jayazekharasUri (vi. saM. 1436) jambUsvAmicaritrakAvya 6 praka0 (saMskRta) 11. ratnasiMha ke ziSya-nAma azAta (vi. saM. 1516) jambUsvAmicarita (saMskRta) 12. brahmavinadAsa (vi. saM. 1520) jambUsvAmicaritra, 11 saMdhiyA~ (saMskRta) . .. jinaratnakoza, pR0 129-132; 10,vimalaprakAza jaina dvArA sampAdita ____ jambUsAmicariu kI prastAvanA, bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 13. sakalacandra-bhuvanakIrti ke ziSya (vi. saM0 1520) jambUcariya (prAkRta) 14. upA0 padmasundara nAgaurI (vi. saM. 1626-39) jambUcariya (prAkRta) 15. paM0 rAjamalla (vi. saM. 1632) jambUsvAmicaritra (saMskRta) 16. vidyAbhUSaNa bhaTTAraka (vi. saM. 1653) jambUkhAmicaritra (saMskRta) 17. jinavijaya (vi. saM. 1785-1809) jambUsvAmicaritra (prAkRta) 18. ajJAtakartRka jambUsvAmicaritra (saMskRta gadya) 19. padmasundara jambUsAmicariya __750 gAthAe~ (prAkRta) 20. sakalaharSa jambUsvAmicaritra (11 patra) (saMskRta) 21. mAnasiMha jambUsvAmicaritra granthAna 1300 (saMskRta) 22. ajJAta jambUsvAmicaritra 14 patra (saMskRta) 23. ajJAta jambUsvAmicaritra granthAgra 897 (saMskRta gadya) 24. ajJAta jambUsvAmicaritra granthAna 1644 (saMskRta) 25. ajJAta jambUsAmicariya (prAkRta) jambUsvAmI kA saMkSipta kathAnaka-bhaga0 mahAvIra ke kAla meM jambU rAjagRha meM eka zreSThiputra ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| ve atizaya rUpavAn aura aneka kalAoM ke paNDita the| ekabAra sudharmA svAmI se dharmopadeza sunane ke bAda jambU ne brahmacarya vrata dhAraNa kara liyA aura vairAgyavRtti kI ora agrasara hone lge| ise rokane ke lie mAtA-pitA ne unakA ATha sundara kanyAoM se vivAha kara diyA para ve saba bhI unake mana ko sAMsArika sukhoM meM pravRtta na karA skii| dIkSA kI pUrva rAtri meM unake ghara meM eka bar3A DAkU corI ke lie ghusA para rAtribhara ve apanI patniyoM ko saMsAra ke duHkhoM kA parijJAna karAne ke lie dRSTAnta svarUpa aneka kathAe~ kahate rahe aura unake tarkoM aura yuktiyoM kA khaNDana karate rahe / vaha DAkU bhI unake upadezoM ko sunakara saMsAra se virakta ho gyaa| ata: jambU , unakI patniyA~ tathA vaha cora apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gye|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 156 jambUsvAmI tapasyA kara sudharmAsvAmI ke bAda zramaNa saMgha ke netA - gaNadhara bane / ve antima kevalI the aura vIra ni0 saM0 64 meM nirvANapada pAyA / jambUcariya - mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita yaha kAvya 16 uddezoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama do uddezoM meM 'samarAiva kahA' ke samAna kathAoM ke arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA evaM saMkIrNakathA - ye cAra bheda batalAkara dharmakathA ko hI racanA kA pratipAdya viSaya batalAyA hai aura tIsare uddeza se kathA prArambha kI gaI hai / cauthe aura pA~caveM meM jambUsvAmI ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana diyA gayA hai| chaThe meM jambU kA janma, zikSA, yauvana Adi kA varNana hai| sAtaveM meM unake vairAgya kI ora pravRtti, mAtA-pitA dvArA saMsAra-pravRtti ke lie vivAha agale uddezoM meM jambUsvAmI ne ATha patniyoM tathA ghara meM ghusakara baiThe prabhava nAmaka cora tathA usake sAthiyoM ko nAnA AkhyAnoM, dRSTAntoM, kathAoM Adi se vairAgyavardhaka upadeza sunAye aura anta meM unhoMne zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kI aura kevalajJAna prApta kara siddhi pAI / ' / isameM kAvya-lekhaka ne kathAkrama ko aisA vyavasthita kiyA hai ki pAThaka kI jijJAsA aura kutUhala prAraMbha se anta taka bane hI rahate haiN| isameM varNanoM kI vividhatA dekhI jAtI hai / yaha kAvya prAkRta gadya aura padya ke sundara namUne prastuta karatA hai / yahA~ dhArmika kathA kA Adarza rUpa diyA gayA hai / nAyaka ko apanI vIratA prakaTa karane kA kahIM avasara bhI nahIM AyA / yaha kRti Adarza rahI hai / paravartI kaviyoM kA racayitA evaM racanAkAla --- isake racayitA nAilagacchIya guNapAla muni haiM jo vIrabhadrasUri ke praziSya evaM pradyumnasUri ke ziSya the| saMbhavataH kuvalayamAlA ke racayitA udyotanasUri ke siddhAntaguru vIrabhadrAcArya aura guNapAla muni ke dAdAguru vIrabhadrasUri donoM eka hI hoM / grantha kI zailI para haribhadra kI samarAiccakahA aura udyotanasUri kI kuvalayamAlA kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai 1 ukta kathAgranthoM ke samAna hI yaha bhI gadya-padya mizrita hai / granthakAra aura ukta racanA ke kAla ke saMbaMdha meM kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai para racanAzailI Adi se anumAna hotA hai ki ise 10- 11vIM zatAbdI 1. siMdhI jainazAstra vidyApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1659; jinaratnakoza, pR0 130.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 157 ke AsapAsa kI racanA honA caahie| isakI eka tADapatrIya prati jaisalamera jaina bhaNDAra se 14 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI milatI hai| jambUsvAmicarita-sampUrNa kAvya 11 sargoM meM vibhakta hai|' yaha kAvya sarala saMskRta meM likhA gayA hai| kAvya meM subhASitoM kA prayoga adhikatA se kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya kI saM0 1536 kI hastalikhita prati milatI hai| . racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke anuja evaM ziSya brahmacArI jinadAsa haiM jinhoMne saM0 1508-1520 meM isakI racanA kI thii| inakA vizeSa paricaya inakI anya kRti harivaMzapurANa ke sAtha diyA gayA hai (pR0 52) / ___ jambUsvAmicarita-saMskRta meM race isa kAvya meM 6 sarga haiM jinameM 726 zloka haiN| isameM pUrvokta guNapAla Adi dvArA viracita kathAoM meM kucha parivartana kiyA gayA hai| isake racayitA jayazekharasUri haiM jo aMcalagaccha ke the| isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1436 hai| jaMbUcariya-isameM 21 uddeza haiN| ise 'AlApakasvarUpajambudRSTAnta'3 yA 'jambu-adhyayana' bhI kahate haiN| yaha prAkRta racanA hai| prAraMbha 'teNaM kAleNaM se hotA hai / ise 'prakIrNaka' bhI mAnA jAtA hai / ___ racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA nAgaurIgacchIya padmasundara, upAdhyAya haiM jo tapAgaccha ke bar3e vidvAn the| ye akabara ke hindU sabhAsadoM meM se eka the aura unake pA~ca vibhAgoM meM se prathama vibhAga meM the| inakA aura inakI racanAoM kA paricaya 'rAyamallAbhyudaya' ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 132, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 26; isa kAvya para kavi vIrakRta apabhraMza kRti 'jambusAmicariu' kA pUrNa prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai| 2. jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1968-70, gujarAtI anuvAda vahIM se, 1970, jinaratnakoza, pR0 132. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 129. 4. nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (dvi0 saM0), pR0 395-96.

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa jambUsvAmicarita-isa kAvya meM 13 sarga haiM aura 2400 padya / kathAvastu do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| pahalI pUrva bhavoM aura dUsarI isa bhava se sambaddha hai| prAraMbha ke cAra sargoM ke sabhI AkhyAna pUrvabhavoM se sambaddha haiM aura paMcama se jambU ke isa bhava kI kathA prAraMbha hotI hai| ve zreSThiputra hote hue bhI parAkramazAlI aura vIrapuruSa dikhalAye gaye haiN| unhoMne eka madonmatta hAthI ko vaza meM kiyA thA isase prabhAvita hokara 4 zrImanta seThoM ne apanI kanyAoM kA vivAha inase kara diyA thaa| zeSa kathA pUrvokta prakAra se hai| isa kAvya kI kathAvastu ko anuSTup chandoM meM hI racakara kavi ne kAvyacamatkAra utpanna karane meM koI kamI nahIM kii| kavi yuddhakSetra kA varNana karate hue vIra aura bhayAnaka rasoM ko mUrtirUpa meM prastuta karatA hai (7vAM srg)| gyArahaveM sarga meM sUktiyoM kA sundara samAveza kiyA gayA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake kartA kavi paM0 rAyamalla haiN| inake anya grantha paMcAdhyAyI, lATIsaMhitA aura adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa milate haiN| isa grantha kI racanA AgarA nagara meM saM0 1632 caitra kRSNa aSTamI punarvasu nakSatra meM kI gaI thii| kAvya ke prAraMbha meM kavi ne AgarA (argalapura ) kA sundara varNana diyA hai| vahA~ usa samaya akabara bAdazAha rAjya karatA thA jisane ki najiyAkara aura madyapAna kA niSedha kara diyA thaa| yaha kAvya gagaMgotrIya sAhu ToDara agravAla ke lie racA gayA thaa| kavi ne sAhu ToDara ke parivAra kA pUrA paricaya diyA hai / sAhu ToDara ne mathurA kI yAtrA kI thI aura vahA~ jambUsvAmI ke nirvANasthAna para apAra dhana vyayakara aneka stUpoM kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA thaa| isI kI prArthanA se kavi ne AgarA meM rahate hue isa kAvya kI racanA kI thii| pIche kavi AgarA chor3a vairATa nagara meM rahane lage aura zeSa sAhitya-nirmANa vahIM kiyaa| jaMbUsAmicariya-isakI racanA prAkRta gadya meM huI hai para yatra-tatra subhASitoM ke rUpa meM prAkRta padya bhI uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| isameM jambUsvAmI 1. mA. diga. jaina granthamAlA, saM0 35, bambaI 1936, jinaratnakosa, pR0 132. 2. kavi vIrakRta apabhraMza jambusAmicariu kA isa kAvya para prabhAva dIkhatA hai| 3. jaina sAhitya vardhaka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2004. da

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paurANika mahAkAvya 159 kA caritra saMkSipta rUpa se varNita hai| jambUsvAmI dvArA apanI patniyoM ke samakSa prastuta dRSTAnta-kahAniyA~ prAyaH sabhI dI gaI haiN| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-yaha grantha prAkRta caritroM meM apanI vizeSatA rakhatA hai kyoMki isakI racanA ThIka usI prakAra kI ardha-mAgadhI prAkRta meM usI gadya-zailI se huI hai jaisI AgamoM kii| varNanoM ko saMkSepa meM batalAne ke lie yahA~ bhI 'jAva', 'jahA' Adi kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa se yaha racanA AgamoM ke saMkalanakAla (5 vI zatA0 ) ke Asa pAsa kI pratIta hotI hai parantu grantha ke anta meM eka prAkRta padya se sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki isa grantha ko vijayadayA sUrIzvara ke Adeza se jinavijaya ne likhA, aura isa grantha kI prati saM0 1814 ke phAlguna sudi 9 zanivAra ke dina navAnagara meM likhI gaI thii| kintu vAstavika racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1775 se 1809 ke bIca AtA hai kyoMki tapAgaccha-paTTAvalI meM 64 veM paTTadhara vijayadayAsUri kA yahI samaya diyA gayA hai / jinavijaya nAma ke aneka muni hue haiN| unameM eka kSamAvijaya ke ziSya the aura dUsare mANavijaya ke ziSya jo ki vijayadayAsUri ke samakAlIna baiThate haiN| adhika saMbhAvanA hai ki ve mANavijaya ke ziSya ho kyoMki unakI zrIpAlacaritrarAsa, dhannAzAlibhadrarAsa Adi racanAe~ milatI haiN| isa grantha ke lekhaka ne 18 vIM zatA0 meM bhI AgamazailI meM yaha grantha likhakara eka asAdhAraNa kArya kiyA hai|3 / abataka hamane prAkRta-saMskRta meM nibaddha una paurANika kAvyoM kA paricaya diyA jo tirasaTha zalAkA mahApuruSoM tathA caubIsa kAmadevoM ke caritoM se sambaddha the| ukta purANa puruSoM ke atirikta jainadharma aura siddhAntoM ko mahattA pradAna karanevAle evaM ukta mahApuruSoM meM se anekoM ke samakAlIna tathA mahAvIra ke pazcAt honevAloM anekoM adbhuta santoM, maharSiyoM, sAdhvIsatiyoM, rAjarSiyoM, vyApAravIra zrAvakoM kI jIvaniyoM para bhI purANa-zailI meM kAvya race gaye haiN| adbhuta santoM meM pratyekabuddhoM ke carita ullekhanIya haiN| bhaga0 RSabha ke samakAlIna bharata cakravartI 1. vijayadayAsUrIsara AesaM lahima bohaNaTThAe jiNavijayeNa ya lihimaM jambUcarittaM paramarammaM // iti zrI jambUsvAmicaritraM sampUrNa / saM0 1814 varSe phAlguNa sudi 9 zanI zrInavAnagare zrImAdijinaprasAdAt zubhaM bhavatu lekhkpaatthkyoH| 2. pravezadvAra, pRSTha 4. 3. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 148..

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke senApati jayakumAra apara nAma meghezvara aura unakI satI rAnI sulocanA ke caritra bhI upalabdha haiM / isI taraha RSabhadeva ke prathama gaNadhara para puNDarIkacarita, mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara para gautamacaritra evaM gautamIyakAvya Adi tathA mahAvIra ke samakAlIna nareza zreNika aura unake putra abhayakumAra Adi para bhI caritra-kAvya likhe gaye haiM / mahAvIra ke pazcAt honevAle yugaprabhAvaka AcArya bhadrabAhu, sthUlabhadra, pAdalipta, kAlika, haribhadra, hemacandrAdi para bhI caritra grantha likhe gaye haiM / isI taraha sAdhvI mahilAoM meM aMjanA, draupadI, damayantI, rAjImatI, candanabAlA, mRgAvatI, jayantI Adi para anekoM carita-kAvyoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai / 160 yahA~ hama suvidhA kI dRSTi se pahale pratyekabuddhoM para likhI kucha racanAoM kA paricaya prastuta kara pIche yathAsambhava anya racanAoM kA paricaya deMge / pratyekabuddhacarita : jainAcAryoM ne, vizeSakara zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne bauddhoM kI bhA~ti pratyekabuddhoM kI kalpanA kI hai| pratyekabuddha unheM kahate haiM jo gRhasthI meM rahate hue kisI eka nimitta se bodhi prApta kara leM aura apane Apa dIkSita ho binA upadeza kiye hI zarIrAnta kara mokSa cale jaayeN| pratyekabuddha prAyaH ekAkI bihArI hotA hai / vaha gacchavAsa meM nahIM rahatA / uttarAdhyayana' sUtra meM cAra pratyekabuddhoM kA ullekha hai : karakaNDu, naggaI, nami aura durmukha / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM inakI kathAoM para bahuta-sA sAhitya nirmANa huA hai / bauddhoM ke pAlisAhitya' meM bhI ina cAroM ko pratyekabuddha mAnakara kathAe~ dI gaI haiM / bauddha inheM mahAtmA buddha se pUrva hue svIkAra karate haiM aura jaina bhaga0 pArzva ke tIrthakAla meM / para unake jIvanacaritroM para vicAra karane para pratIta hotA hai ki ye cAroM pratyekabuddha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dIkSA se pUrva pravrajita hue haiM aura unake zAsanakAla meM bhI jIvita rahe haiM / pratyekabuddhoM kI saMkhyA meM vivAda hai| RSibhASitasUtra' meM 45 pratyekabuddha ke upadeza saMgrahIta haiM unameM se 20 neminAtha ke, 15 pArzvanAtha ke aura 10 mahAvIra ke tIrthakAla meM hue batalAye jAte haiM / nandisUtra meM autpAtikI, vainayikI, kArmikI, pAriNAmikI buddhi se yukta jo muni hote haiM ve saba pratyekabuddha kahalAte haiM / yaha mAnakara pratyekabuddhoM kI saMkhyA kI avadhi nizcita nahIM kI hai| 1 1. 18. 45. 2. kummakAra jAtaka (saM0 408 ). 3. RSibhASitasUtra, anuvAdaka - manohara muni, bambaI, 1963.

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paurANika mahAkAvya jo ho para zve. jainAcAryoM ne uttarAdhyayana meM samAgata ukta cAra pratyekabuddhI para bahuta-sA sAhitya racA hai| inake atirikta ambaDa, kummAputta tathA zAlibhadra Adi pratyekabuddhoM para bhI kaI racanAe~ milatI haiN| pazcAtkAla meM inameM se anekoM kathAnakoM meM parivartana hone se inakA pratyekabuddha rUpa se ullekha nahIM huaa| digambaramAnyatA meM pratyekabuddha mAne gaye haiM para unakA ullekha kevala pUjAoM meM huA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke ukta cAra pratyekabuddhoM meM se kevala karakaNDu para saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASA meM ukta sampradAya ke vidvAnoM ne kAvya-grantha likhe haiM para karakaNDu ko unhoMne kahIM bhI pratyekabuddha saMjJA se nahIM kahA hai| - uttarAdhyayana-samAgata pratyekabuddhoM para samaSTirUpa meM kaI racanAe~ likhI gaI haiN| unameM zrItilaka (prAkRta), jinaratna evaM lakSmItilaka (saMskRta), jinavardhanasUri ( saMskRta), samayasundaragaNi ( saMskRta ), bhAvavijayagaNi (saMskRta) tathA tIna ajJAta-kartRka (2 apabhraMza aura 1 prAkRta ) kAvya upalabdha haiM / yahA~ kucha kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| 1. pratyekabuddhacarita-yaha prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha racanA hai jisakA granthAna 6050 zloka hai| bRhaTTippanikA ke anusAra isakI racanA saM0 1261 meM zrItilakasUri ne kI thii| zrItilakasUri candragacchIya zivaprabhasUri ke ziSya the| grantha abataka aprakAzita hai| 2. pratyekabuddhacarita-yaha saMskRta meM racita kAvya hai| isakA pUrA nAma pratyekabuddhamahArAjarSicatuSkacaritra hai| isake pratyeka parva meM cAra sarga haiM aura anta meM eka cUlikA sarga hai| isa taraha isake 17 sargoM kA racanA-parimANa 10130 zloka hai / prastuta kAvya jinalakSmI zabdAMkita hai jo isake do graMthakartAoM ko dyotita karatA hai| yadyapi isameM varNita cAroM caritra eka-dUsare se pUrNatayA pRthak haiM ataeva isameM dhArAvAhikatA kA abhAva hai phira bhI ise eka acche paurANika mahAkAvya kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| kavi ne isameM prakRti-citraNa aura saundarya citraNa meM paryAta ruci lI hai| puruSa-pAtroM meM siMharatha aura strI-pAtroM meM madanarekhA ke rUpa-varNana kalpanAtmaka dRSTi se acche bana par3e haiN| jainadharma ke sAdhAraNa siddhAntoM evaM niyamoM kA isa kAvya meM acchA varNana huA hai / 1. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, bhAga 1, aMka 2, pUnA 1925; jinaratnakoza, .. pR. 263. 2. jaisalamera bRhadbhaNDAra, prati saM0 272, 273; jinaratnakoza, pR0 263.

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162 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakI bhASA sarala aura svAbhAvika hai| ghaTanA aura paristhiti ke anukUla zabda-yojanA meM kavi saphala hai| yadyapi isameM zAntarasa pramukha hai phira bhI anya rasoM kI vyaJjanA bhI ThIka taraha se kI gaI hai| isa kAvya ko vyartha ke zabdAlaMkAroM se lAdane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai para arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, rUpaka aura utprekSA ke acche prayoga dikhAI par3ate haiN| chanda kI dRSTi se isakI racanA anuSTupa chandoM meM huI hai| sargAnta meM dUsare chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kahIM-kahIM bIca meM bhI anya vRttoM kA prayoga huA hai| kathAvastu-uparyukta racanAoM meM pratyekabuddha karakaNDu, dvimukha, nami aura naggati kA jIvana-caritra aMkita hai| ye cAroM samakAlIna the| inakI kathAvastu kA saMkSepa isa prakAra hai 1. campAnagarI meM rAjA dadhivAhana aura rAnI padmAvatI the| eka samaya duSTa hAthI dvArA rAnI ke apaharaNa ke kAraNa usake putra kA janma eka nagara ke samIpa zmazAna bhUmi meM huaa| rAnI sAdhvI bana jAtI hai para bAlaka kA pAlana aura zikSaNa eka mAtaMga ke dvArA huaa| usakA nAma avakarNaka rakhA gayA / usakI deha para rUkSakaNDU thii| vaha khelakUda meM rAjA banakara tathA apane sAthiyoM ko prajA banAkara unase kara ke rUpa meM apane zarIra ko khujavAtA thA isalie use loga karakaNDu kahane lge| kAMcanapura ke rAjA ke marane para daivayoga se karakaNDu vahA~ kA rAjA banAyA gyaa| eka bAra usane campApura ke rAjA dadhivAhana ko patra likhA jisameM eka brAhmaNa ko grAma dene kI bAta thI para dadhivAhana ne use asvIkAra kara diyaa| isase kruddha hokara karakaNDu ne usa para AkramaNa kara diyA / aise samaya sAdhvI padmAvatI (mAtA) ne prakaTa hokara yuddha kA nivAraNa aura pitAputra kI pahicAna kraaii| isa para rAjA dadhivAhana bahuta khuza huA aura vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa karakaNDu ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara svayaM usane dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| eka bAra apanI AjJA se puSTa kiye gaye baila ko kAlAntara meM vRddha dekhakara rAjA karakaNDu saMsAra se virakta ho evaM muniveza dhAraNakara bhramaNa karane lgaa| 2. pAMcAla deza ke kAMpilyanagara meM rAjA yava ko sabhAbhavana nirmANa karate samaya eka camakadAra mukuTa milA jisake dhAraNa karane se vaha dvimukha ( do mukhavAlA) mAlUma par3ane lagA aura isase usakA nAma dvimukha par3a gyaa| isake 1. sarga 2. 128; 11. 120-128, 365, 9. 35 Adi.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 163 bAda mukuTa ke prabhAva se vaha ujjayinI ke rAjA caNDapradyota ko harAkara bandI banAtA hai para apanI putrI ke usa rAjA para premAsakta hone se usase vivAha kara use rAjya lauTA detA hai| ekabAra kASTha ke khaMbhe ko logoM ne indradhvaja banAkara bahumUlya vastrAbhUSaNoM se pUjA aura pIche utsava samApta hone para pRthvI para girA diyA jise bAlakajana viTamUtra se lipta ghasITakara le jAne lge| yaha dekha dvimukha ko vairAgya ho gayA aura usane dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| .. 3. sudarzanapura kA nRpa maNiratha apane anuja yugabAhu kI patnI madanarekhA para Asakta ho jAtA hai aura use pAne ke lie apane anuja ko mAra DAlatA hai| garbhAvasthA meM hI madanarekhA bhAga nikalatI hai aura raMbhAgRha meM eka bAlaka ko janma detI hai| sarovara meM vastra-prakSAlana ko jAte samaya usakA apaharaNa ho jAtA hai| raMbhAgRha se usake bAlaka ko mithilAnareza padmaratha ne lAkara pAlAposA aura usakA nAma nami rakhA aura yuvaka hone para use rAjya dekara pravrajyA dhAraNa kara lii| eka dina nami kI deha meM bhayaMkara dAha hone lgii| rAniyA~ usake lie candana ghisane lagI para unakI cUr3iyoM kI dhvani se hI use bar3I pIr3A hotI thii| isase rAniyoM ne eka cUr3I ko chor3a zeSa ko utAra diyA, isase dhvani honI banda ho gii| taba nami ne yaha socA ki saMga hI sabase bar3A duHkha denevAlA hai, ye cUr3iyA~ anya cUr3iyoM ke sAtha AvAja karatI thIM para akele rahane para zAnta ho gaI haiM ataH zAnti ke lie ekAkI jIvana hI sarvazreSTha hai| isa taraha vaha virakta ho gayA aura dIkSA le lii| 4. gAMdhAra deza kA rAjA siMharatha eka samaya vana meM jAne para eka sundarI kanyA se vivAha karatA hai aura usase apanI jIvana-kathA sunAne kA Agraha karatA hai| vaha apane pUrva kI kathA sunAkara kahatI hai-maiM pUrva meM kanakamaMjarI nAma ke citrakAra kI putrI thI aura Apake pUrvabhava ke jIva rAjA jitazatru se vivAha huA thaa| mRtyu ke bAda svarga se Akara rAjA dRr3haratha kI putrI kanakamAlA huI hU~ aura Apa siMharatha hue haiN| eka devatA ke Adeza para yahA~ baiThe Aja Apako pati ke rUpa meM prApta kiyA hai| nRpa siMharatha patnI kI AjJA lekara ghara AtA hai aura prAyaH hara dUsare-tIsare dina priyA kanakamAlA kI yAda karake naga para jAtA rahatA hai ataH prajA usakA nAma naggati rakhatI hai| eka dina vaha sasainya upavana meM jAtA hai| vahAM vaha AmravRkSa kI eka maMjarI tor3atA hai| sabhI sainika bhI eka-eka maMjarI tor3ate haiN| jisase vaha per3a lakar3I mAtra

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164 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa raha gayA / sundara vRkSa kI thor3I dera meM yaha hAlata dekha naggati virakta ho jAtA hai| aura dIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai / cAroM pratyekabuddha munivihAra karate hue kSitipratiSThitapura nagara meM eka yakSamandira meM paraspara milate haiM / yahA~ karakaNDu apanA kAna khujalAte haiM jise dekhakara dvimukha unase kahate haiM - tumane rAjya Adi saba tyAga diyA, isa kaNDU ko sAtha kyoM lie phirate ho / isa para nami dvimukha se kahate haiM ki tuma bhI jaba rAjya tyAgakara muni bana gaye to tumheM dUsaroM kA doSa dekhanA ucita nahIM / isa para naggati nami se kahate haiM ki saba kucha chor3akara mokSa mArga meM pravRtta vyakti ko paranindA nahIM karanA cAhie taba karakaNDu ne kahA ki duSTabuddhi se kiyA gayA paradoSa kathana hI nindA hai, hitabuddhi se kiyA gayA paradoSa kathana anucita nahIM hai apitu ucita hI hai nami, dvimukha aura naggati ne jo kucha kahA vaha ahita nivAraNa ke lie hI hai ataH vaha doSa nahIM hai / karakaNDu Adi pIche tapasyAkara marake puSpottara vimAna meM utpanna hue aura vahA~ se cyuta hokara manuSyabhava meM tapasyAkara mokSa prApta kiyA / / / kaviparicaya evaM racanAkAla - kAvya ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA, jinaratnasUri aura lakSmItilakagaNi, do vyakti haiM / ve sudharmAgaccha meM hue the / unase pahale isa gaccha meM kramazaH jinacandrasUri, navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri, jinavallabhasUri, jinadattasUri, jinacandrasUri, jina patisUri, jinezvarasUri hue the / prastuta granthakartRdvaya jinezvarasUri ke hI ziSya the / kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvali ke anusAra jinezvarasUri ne pauSa sudI 11 saM0 1288 ke dina jAvAlipura ( jAlaura - rAjasthAna ) meM lakSmItilaka ko dIkSA dI thI / saM0 1312 kI vaizAkha pUrNimA ke dina lakSmItilaka ko vAcanAcArya kA pada aura saM0 1317 kI mAgha zuklA 12 ko upAdhyAya kI upAdhi milI thii| jinaratnasUri kA pahalA nAma jinavardhana gaNi thA / unheM saM0 1283 kI mAgha kRSNA 6 ko vAgbhaTameru ( bADamera ) meM jinezvarasUri se dIkSA milI thI / saM0 1304, vaizAkha zuklA caturdazI ke dina AcArya pada milA thA / isa avasara para hI jinezvarasUri ne unakA nAma jinaratnasUri rakha diyA thA / ' isa grantha kI racanA meM pAlanapura nivAsI jagadhara ke putra bhuvanapAla aura padmA putra sADhala ne preraNA dI thI / isa kAvya kI racanA saM0 1311 meM 1. kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvali, pR0 49-51. 2. pratyekabuddhacaritra, prazasti, ilo0 28-31.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 165 huI thI tathA isakA saMzodhana jinezvarasUri tathA anya sAhityika vidvAnoM ne kiyA thaa| digambara sAhitya meM ukta cAra pratyekabuddhoM meM se kevala karakaNDu ke caritra ko lekara kaI racanAe~ likhI gaI haiM parantu unameM karakaNDu ko pratyekabuddha nahIM kahA gayA aura usake caritra ko camatkArI evaM kautUhalavardhaka ghaTanAoM se pUrNa banAyA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM eka prAcIna kRti apabhraMza meM 'karakaNDucariu' upalabdha hai jise kanakAmara muni ne gyArahavIM zatI ke madhyabhAga meM racA thaa| isI kA anusaraNa kara pazcAtkAla meM isa kathA kA saMkSeparUpa zrIcandrakRta kathAkoSa, rAmacandramumukSukRta puNyAzrava-kathAkoSa aura nemidattakRta ArAdhanA-kathAkoSa meM diyA gayA hai / svatantra kAvya ke rUpa meM raidhU , jinendrabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka aura zrIdattapaNDitakRta karakaNDucaritoM kA bhI ullekha bhaNDAroM kI sUciyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / zubhacandra bhaTTArakakRta saMskRta meM 15 sargAtmaka kAvya bhI upalabdha hai| apabhraMza ke marmajJa DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ne karakaNDucariu kI bhUmikA meM ukta kathAnaka kI pUrva-kathAoM se tulanA tathA usake vividha tatvoM kI khoja kI hai tathA avAntara kathAoM ke adhyayana ke sAtha paravartI sAhitya rayaNaseharIkahA ( jinaharSagaNikRta ) tathA hindI kAvya padmAvata ( malika muhammada jAyasIkRta) para ukta kathAnaka kA prabhAva dikhAyA hai| yahA~ uktaviSayaka saMskRta meM upalabdha do racanAoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| 1. karakaNDucarita-isameM 15 sarga haiN| isameM karakaNDu kI dakSiNa deza meM vijayayAtrA, terApura meM jaina guphAoM kA nirmANa, usakI rAnI kA apaharaNa, phira siMhalayAtrA, lauTate samaya vidyAdharoM dvArA karakaNDu kA apaharaNa evaM vidyAdhara kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha Adi ghaTanAoM kA romAJcaka rIti se varNana hai / yadyapi isa kAvya ke racayitA ne ise eka svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM racane kA dAvA kiyA hai para grantha ke milAna se yaha siddha huA hai ki yaha kanakAmara muniracita 'karakaNDucariu' kA anuvAda mAtra hai| mUla-kathA ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI avAntara kathAe~ bhI isameM jyoM kI tyoM haiN| 1. vahI, prazasti, zloka. 32. 2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 67. 3. bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI, 1964, bhUmikA, pR0 13.30. 1. karakaNDucariu, prastAvanA, pR0 29.

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166 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA ( anuvAdaka ) bhaTTAraka zubhacandra haiN| inakA paricaya pANDavapurANa ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha kAvya javAchapura ke AdinAtha caityAlaya meM saM0 1611 meM likhA gayA thaa| isa kAvya kI samApti meM unake ziSya sakalabhUSaNa sahAyaka the|' 2. karakaNDucarita-isa kAvya meM 4 sarga haiM jinameM 900 zloka haiN| isake racayitA jinendrabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka haiM jo ki vizvabhUSaNa ke praziSya tathA brahma harSasAgara ke ziSya the| isameM avAntara kathAe~ bahuta saMkSepa meM dI gaI haiN| yaha racayitA ke 'jinendra purANa' grantha kA eka bhAga bhI mAnA jAtA hai| kummAputtacariya-RSibhASita sUtra meM saptama adhyayana kummAputta pratyekabuddha se sambandhita diyA gayA hai| isake caritra para bhI do kAvya upalabdha hue haiN| pahalA kAvya prAkRta kI 207 gAthAoM meM nirmita hai| kathAnaka saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai-eka samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane samavasaraNa meM dAna, tapa, zIla aura bhAvanA rUpI cAra prakAra ke dharma kA upadeza dekara kummAputta (kUmAputra) kA udAharaNa diyA ki mAvazuddhi ke kAraNa vaha gRhavAsa meM bhI kevalajJAnI ho gayA thA / kummAputta rAjagRha ke rAjA mahinda sIha aura rAnI kummA kA putra thA / usakA asalI nAma dharmadeva thA para use kummAputta nAma se bhI kahate the / usane bAlyAvasthA meM hI vAsanAoM ko jIta liyA thA aura pIche kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| yadyapi use ghara meM rahate sarvajJatA prApta ho gaI thI para mAtA-pitA ko duHkha na ho, isalie usane dIkSA nahIM lii| use gRhasthAvasthA meM kevalajJAna isalie prApta huA thA ki usane pUrva janmoM meM apane samAdhimaraNa ke kSaNoM meM bhAvazuddhi rakhane kA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| isa grantha meM 52, 112, 160 saMskRta padya, 120-121 apabhraMza meM tathA do gadya bhAga ardhamAgadhI ke A gaye haiN| 1. padya saM0 54-56, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 98. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 67. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 95;jaina vividhazAstra sAhityamAlA, saM0 131, vArANasI, 1919, DA0pa0 la. vaidya, pUnA aura ke0 vI0 abhyaMkara, ahamadAbAda ke saMskaraNa (1931) prastAvanA, TippaNa Adi sahita; e. TI. upAdhye, velagA~va, 1936-bhUmikA, anuvAda, TippaNa sahita. 5. isa grantha meM kummAputta ke pUrva janmoM kI bhI kathA dI gaI hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya 167 racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA tapAgacchIya AcArya hemavimala ke ziSya jinamANikya yA jinamANikya ke ziSya anantahaMsa haiN| kucha vidvAn anantahaMsa ko hI vAstavika kartA mAnate haiM aura kucha unake guru ko / grantha meM racanAkAla nahIM diyA gayA para tapAgacchapaTTAvalI meM hemavimala ko 55vA~ AcArya mAnA gayA aura unakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI kA prArambha baiThatA hai| isalie prastuta kathAnaka kA kAla 16vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jA sakatA hai| dvitIya racanA pUrNimAgaccha ke vidyAratna ne likhI hai jisakA samaya saM0 1577 hai| granthakAra kI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai-jayacandra, bhAvacandra, cAritracandra, municandra (guru)| ___ ambaDacaritra-ambaDa ko RSibhASita sUtra meM pratyekabuddha kahakara unake upadezoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| prathama upAMga sUtra aupapAtika meM ambaDa parivrAjaka kI kathA dI gaI hai| saMbhavataH usI ke caritra ko lekara pazcAtkAlIna kaviyoM ne apanI adbhuta kalpanAoM kA saMmizraNakara 4-5 racanAe~ likhI haiN| unameM se muniratnasUrikRta kAvya kA granthAna 1290 hai / racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai| anya racanAoM meM amarasundara ( 1457), harSa samudravAcaka (saM0 1599), jayameru (saM0 1571) tathA eka ajJAtakartA kI kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| yahA~ kevala eka racanA kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| ambaDacarita-ise ambaDakathAnaka bhI kahate haiN| isameM ambaDa kA kathAnaka bar3I vicitratA se varNita hai| pahale vaha eka tAMtrika thA aura usane yaMtra-maMtra ke bala se gorakhAdevI dvArA nirdiSTa sAta duSkara kArya sampanna kara dikhaaye| usane 32 sundariyoM se vivAha kiyA aura apAra dhana evaM rAjya prApta kiyaa| anta meM usane pravrajita hokara sallekhanA-maraNa kiyaa| yaha kathA saMskRta meM hai| isameM kavi ne apanI vilakSaNa pratibhA dikhalAI hai aura ise 'siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA' meM varNita vikramAditya ke ghaTanAcakra ke samAna ghaTanAcakra se sambandhita kiyA hai| 1. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR0 25-30, ammacaritra. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 15; ahamadAbAda se san 1923 meM prakAzita. 3. vahI, pR0 15. 4. hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1610; isakA jarmana anuvAda cArlasa krAusa ne kiyA hai jo lIpajiga se 1922 meM prakAzita hubhA hai; viNTaranissa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 340 meM ise kautukapUrNa lokakathA kahA hai|

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168 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kartA evaM kRtikAla-isake racayitA amarasundarasUri haiN| inakA nAma somasundaragaNi (vi0 saM0 1457) ke ziSyoM meM AtA hai| amarasundara ko 'saMskRta jalpapaTu' kahA gayA hai / racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai| dhanyazAlicarita-apane hI viveka se pAtra-dAna rUpI dhArmika pravRtti dvArA jIvana ko ucca sAdhanA patha para le jAne ke lie zreNika aura mahAvIra ke samakAlIna rAjagRha ke do zreSThiputra-dhanyakumAra aura zAlibhadra ke caritra jaina kaviyoM ko bahuta priya hue haiN| dhanyakumAra kI kathA anuttarovavAiyadasAo' meM aura prakIrNakoM ke maraNasamAdhi meM dhanya aura zAlibhadra ke (prAyopagamana-samAdhi ke udAharaNarUpa) kathAnaka Aye haiN| ye donoM bhI pratyekabuddha kI zreNI meM Ate haiN| ina donoM ko eka sAtha kara dhanyakathA, dhanyacaritra, dhanyakumAracaritra, dhanyanidarzana, dhanyaratnakathA, dhanyavilAsa, dhanyazAlibhadracaritra, dhanyazAlicaritra aura zAlibhadracaritra' nAma se aneka racanAe~ likhI gaI haiM jinakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai: 1. dhanyakumAra yA zAlibhadrayati 2. dhanyazAlicaritra 3. zAlibhadracaritra 4. dhanyazAlibhadracaritra 6. dhanyakumAracaritra 7. dhanyazAlicaritra ( dAnakalpadruma) guNabhadra (12vIM zatAbdI) pUrNabhadra (saM0 1285) dharmakumAra (sa0 1334) bhadragupta (saM0 1428) dayAvadhana (saM0 1463) sakalakIrti (saM0 1464) jinakIrti (saM0 1297) jayAnanda (saM0 1520) yazaHkIrti malliSeNa (16vIM kA prArambha) brahma nemidatta (saM0 1518-28) 9. dhanyakumAracaritra 10. dhanyakumAracaritra 11. " .. 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 243. 2. gA0 122, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 172; viMTara nitsa, hisTrI mApha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 518; donoM sage saMbaMdhI the aura dIkSA meM eka-dUsare se prabhAvita the| 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 187 aura 382.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 12. zAlibhadracaritra 569 (saM0 1623) 13. " vinayasAgara prabhAcandra ajJAta 14. , (prAkRta) 16. dhanyavilAsa dharmasiMhasUri (saM0 1685) 17. dhanyacaritra udyotasAgara (lagabhaga saM0 1742) 18. , vilhaNa kavi? ___kathA kA sAra-supratiSThitanagara meM negama seTha aura lakSmI seThAnI se dhanacandrAdi pA~ca putra hue| dhanyakumAra unameM pA~cavA~ thaa| vaha pUrva janma meM pitA ke mara jAne se nidhana hokara bAlyAvasthA meM gAya ke bachar3oM ko carAtA thaa| eka parva ke dina nagara ke bAlakoM ko khIra khAte dekha usane apanI mA~ se khIra kI mA~ga kii| mAtA ne par3osiyoM se dUdha, cInI, cAvala mA~gakara khIra banAI aura garama parosakara kisI kAma se bAhara calI gii| isa bIca eka munirAja Aye aura usa bAlaka ne prasanna mana se AhAradAna meM vaha khIra de dii| mAtA ke lauTane para vaha kucha nahIM bolaa| mAtA ne samajhA ki isane khIra khA lI hai tathA aura cAhatA hai isalie usane aura parosa dI jise khAkara vaha so gyaa| isase usake kaI bachar3e nahIM lautte| jAgane para vaha unakI talAza meM nikalA aura rAste meM eka muni se zrAvakavata le liyA tathA rAtri meM bachar3oM kI talAza karate samaya vaha eka siMha dvArA mArA gyaa| munidAna ke prabhAva se vaha dhanyakumAra huA tathA svalpakAla meM sakala kalAoM kA pAragAmI ho gyaa| usake jyeSTha bhrAtA usase DAha karane lge| usane jIvana prArambha karate hI aneka Azcaryajanaka kArya kara dikhaaye| usane bher3oM ke yuddha meM hajAra dInAra pAye, mRtaka-khATa ko kharIdakara usameM kImatI ratna pAye Adi / bhAiyoM meM bar3hatI IrSyA ke kAraNa vaha ghara se bAhara nikala gayA aura buddhivaibhava se anekoM camatkAra dikhAkara usane rAjagRha meM anekoM kanyAoM se tathA gobhadra seTha kI putrI (zAlibhadra kI bahina) se vivAha kiyA aura sukha se rahane lgaa| idhara mAtA-pitA tathA bhAiyoM kI hAlata kharAba ho clii| unheM AjIvikA ke lie majadUrI karanI pdd'ii| usane una sabakI madada kI aura bahuta khyAti tathA rAja-pratiSThA paaii| zAlibhadra apane pUrva janma meM eka garIba vidhavA kA putra thaa| usakA nAma saMgamaka gar3ariyA thaa| vaha bher3eM carAte samaya sAmAyika meM bar3A Ananda letA thaa| eka utsava ke dina usane saba gharoM meM acche susvAdu bhojana taiyAra hote dekhe aura apanI mAM se bhI pakavAna banAne ko khaa| vaha garIba strI bar3I

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kaThinAI se pakavAna banA sakI aura bAlaka ko usI samaya pAraNA ke lie eka muni A gaye diyA / rAtri meM use bhUkha ke para AhAradAnarUpI puNyaphala se jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa parosakara bAhara calI gaI / jinheM usane apanA bhojana de kAraNa itanI vedanA huI ki vaha mara gayA rAjagRha meM bhadrA aura seTha gobhadra ke yahA~ zAlibhadra nAmaka putra huA / vaha bar3A sundara aura guNavAn thA / jaba vaha eka dina jinameM se yuvAvasthA meM pahu~cA to usake pitA ne 32 kanyAoM se usakA vivAha kara diyA aura isa taraha vaha AnandapUrvaka rahane lagA / usakA pitA muni ho gayA aura samAdhimaraNapUrvaka svarga gyaa| devatA paryAya pAkara usane apane putra zAlibhadra ke lie pracura dhanasaMgraha kiyA / usa samaya ' itanA dhanI jitanA ki zAlibhadra' yaha lokokti pracalita ho gaI / usakI mAM ne usakI bahuoM ke lie bahumUlya 32 ratnakambala kharIde eka ko bhI kharIdane kA sAmarthya rAjA zreNika ko na thA eka dina apane vaibhava ko dekhane ke lie rAjA zreNika ko sAdhAraNa manuSya ke rUpa meM apane ghara AyA dekha aura yaha samajhakara ki usake Upara bhI koI hai virakta ho gayA aura pratyekabuddha bana gayA aura dIkSA lekara tapasyA karane lagA / apane sAle ke isa caritra ko dekha dhanyakumAra bhI saca vaibhatra chor3a dIkSita ho gyaa| donoM ne ghora tapasyAkara mokSa pada pAyA / / vaha 170 saMskRta kAvya hai jisameM 7 sarga haiM / ' dhanyakumAracarita - yaha eka laghu kAvya kI bhASA sarala aura sarasa hai / isa kathA kA AdhAra guNabhadra kA uttarapurANa pratIta hotA hai / yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki dhanyakumAraviSayaka svataMtra caritroM meM yaha sarvaprathama hai aura isa grantha meM kisI bhI pUrvavartI dhanyakumAracaritra yA usake lekhaka kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / kartA aura kRtikAla - isake lekhaka mAthurasaMgha ke AcArya mANikyasena ke praziSya aura nemisena ke ziSya guNabhadra muni' haiM jinhoMne isakI racanA mahobe ke candelanareza paramardideva ke zAsanakAla meM madhya pradeza ke vilAsapura nagara meM lambakaMcuka zrAvaka balhaNa kI preraNA se saM0 1227 aura 1257 ke madhya kisI samaya kI thI / granthakartA kI anya kRtiyoM meM bijoliyA pArzvanAtha kA staMbhalekha aura guNabhadra - pratiSThApATha bhI haiM / 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 187. 2. lekhaka ke vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekheM-jaina sandeza, zodhAMka 8, pR0 274 76 aura pR0 301.

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paurANika mahAkAvya dhanyazAlibhadrakAnya--isa kAvya meM 6 pariccheda haiN| granthAna 1460 tathA prazasti padya milAkara 1490 zloka-pramANa hai| granthAnta meM vividha chandamaya 15 padyoM kI prazasti dI gaI hai| grantha ko mahAkAvya kahA gayA hai kyoMki isameM aneka rasoM, alaMkAroM evaM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai tathA saMkSepa meM nagaroM, upavanoM Adi kA varNana hai / kathA kA mUla uddezya dAnadharma ke mAhAtmya ko sUcita karanA hai isalie yatra-tatra sulalita padoM meM dhArmika upadeza bhare par3e haiN| kAvya ke bIca-bIca meM paheliyoM aura saMvAdoM ne kathAnaka ko bar3A sajIva banA diyA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake praNetA jinapatisUri ke ziSya pUrNabhadrasUri haiM jinhoMne jyeSTha zukla 10, vi0 saM0 1285 meM jaisalamera meM rahakara ise pUrNa kiyA thaa| isameM unheM sarvadevasUri kI sahAyatA milI thii| prazasti meM kartA ne apanI guruparamparA jinezvarasUri se prAraMbha kI hai / granthakAra kI anya racanAe~ atimuktakacaritra ( saM0 1282 ) tathA kRtapuNyacaritra (saM0 1305 ) haiM / zAlibhadracarita- yaha sAta prakramoM kA eka laghukAvya' hai jo eka AlaMkArika kAvya kI sabhI vizeSatAoM se yukta hai| isakA AdhAra hemacandrAcArya ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita ke 103 parva kA 57vA~ adhyAya hai| isa kAvya kA nAma 'dAnadharmakathA' bhI hai| ise anekoM sUktiyoM, nIti evaM vyAvahArika kahAvatoM se sajAyA gayA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isakI racanA dharmakumAra ne saM0 1334 meM kI hai| dharmakumAra nAgendrakula ke AcArya somaprabha ke ziSya vibudhaprabha ke ziSya the| isakI racanA meM kanakaprabha ke ziSya evaM aneka granthoM ke saMzodhaka AcArya 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 188; jinadattasUri jJAnabhaNDAra, sUrata, vi0 saM0 1991. 2. prazasti, padya saM0 11.12. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 382, isako kathA kA saMkSepa aMgrejI meM viNTaranissa kI hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2 ke pR0 518 meM diyA gayA hai| yaha yazovijaya granthamAlA, vArANasI (1910) se prakAzita hai| blUmaphIlDa ne amerikana oriyaNTala sosAiTI kI patrikA, bhAga 43, pR0 257 Adi para vistRta paricaya diyA hai|

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172 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pradyumna ne sahAyatA kI thii| pradyumna ke pUrva prabhAcandra (prabhAvaka caritrakAra ) ne isakA saMzodhana kiyA thaa| dhanyazAlibhadracarita-isake racayitA rudrapallI yagaccha ke devagupta ke ziSya bhadragupta haiN|' racanAkAla saM0 1428 diyA gayA hai| dhanyazAlicarita-isakA dUsarA nAma dhanyanidarzana bhI hai| isakI racanA dayAvardhanasUri ne saM0 1463 meM kI hai| unake guru kA nAma jayapANDu yA jayacandra yA jayatilaka hai| granthakAra kI anya mahatvapUrNa kRti 'ratnazekhararatnavatIkathA' (saM0 1463 ) hai jo jAyasI ke hindI mahAkAvya padmAvata kA srota mAnA gayA hai| granthakAra ke viSaya meM aura kucha nahIM mAlUma hai| dhanyakumAracarita-isameM sAta sarga haiN| bhASA sarala evaM sundara hai / granthAna 850 zloka-pramANa hai| isake racayitA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti haiM jinakA paricaya pahale diyA gayA hai|' dhanyazAlicarita-isakA dUsarA nAma 'dAnakalpadruma' bhI hai| yaha eka saMskRta-padyabaddha racanA hai| isake kartA tapAgacchIya somasundara ke ziSya jinakIrti haiM jinhoMne isakI racanA saM0 1497 meM kI thii| inakI anya kRtiyAM namaskArastava svopajJavRtti ke sAtha (vi0 saM0 1494), zrIpAlagopAlakathA, campakazreSThikathA, paMcajinastava tathA zrAddhaguNasaMgraha (vi0 saM0 1498 ) haiN| 1. dhanyakumAracarita-isameM pAMca sarga haiM aura 1140 zloka haiN| isakI racanA kharataragacchIya jinazekhara ke praziSya aura jinadharmasUri ke ziSya jayAnanda ne saM0 1510 meM kI thii| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 188. 2. vahI, pR0 187-188; jaina AtmAnanda sabhA (0 43), bhAvanagara, 1971. 3. vahI, pR0 187, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 11% hindI anuvAda-jaina bhAratI, banArasa, 1911. 4. pR0 51. 5. jinaratnakoza. pR0 172, 187, devacandra lAlabhAI granthamAlA, saM0 9, bambaI, 1919. -6, vahI, pR0 187; jinadattasUri pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, 1938.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 173 yazaHkIrti aura mallibhUSaNa ke dhanyakumAracaritra kA ullekha bhara milatA hai / isI taraha vilhaNa vikRta dhanyakumAracaritra kA bhI / ' 2. dhanyakumAracarita - isameM pA~ca sarga haiN| isakI racanA bhaTTA0 vidyAnandi evaM mallibhUSaNa ke ziSya brahma nemidatta ne kI thI / bra0 nemidatta kA sAhityakAla saM0 1518 - 28 mAnA jAtA hai / zAlibhadracarita - isakI racanA vinayasAgaragaNi ne saM0 1623 meM kI thI / isa racanA evaM racayitA ke sambandha meM aura vizeSa kucha nahIM jJAta ho sakA hai prabhAcandrakRta zAlibhadracarita kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / prAkRta meM bhI kucha zAlibhadracaritroM kA patA lagA hai| eka meM 177 gAthAe~ haiN| prArambha 'suravarakayamANaM naTTanIsesamAnaM' se hotA hai / anyoM kA ullekha mAtra hai / " dhanyavilAsa -- isakA graMthAgra 1100 zloka - pramANa hai / yaha saMskRta-kRti hai ! isakI racanA dharmasiMhasUri ne kI thI / isakI eka hastalikhita prati milI hai / dhanyacarita - yaha 'saMskRtAbhAsajalpamaya' vizAla gadyaracanA hai / isakA graMthAgra 9000 zloka- pramANa hai / yaha 9 pallavoM meM vibhakta hai / " isameM dhanyakumAra, zAlibhadra donoM kA caritra hai / isa graMtha kA AdhAra jinakIrti kI kRti uparyukta 'dAnakalpadruma' aparanAma dhanyazAlicaritra hai / " graMtha ke bIca meM aneka avAntara kathAe~ haiM / yaha graMtha aneka 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 187. 2. vahI. 3. vahI, pR0 382. 4. vahI. 4. vahI, pR0 187. 6. vahI; popaTalAla prabhudAsa, sihora dvArA vi0 saM0 1996 meM prakAzita. 7. iti zrI jinakIrtiviracitasya padyabaddha zrIdhanyacaritra zAlinaH mahopAdhyAyazrIjJAnasAgaragaNiziSyAlpamatigrathitagadyaracanA prabaMdhe ityevaM gadyabandhena mayA dhanyamuneH zAlibhadramuneH caritaM saMskRtAbhAsajalpamayaM likhitaM /

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174 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prakAra kI laukika zikSAoM se bharA huA hai| bIca-bIca meM dezI bhASAoM ke aneka padya uddhRta haiN| racayitA aura racanAkAla-graMthakAra ne itanA bar3A graMtha likhakara bhI apanA nAma sUcita nahIM kiyA hai| kevala jJAnasAgaragaNiziSya-alpamati diyA hai| para jJAnasAgara ke ziSya ne prAcIna gujarAtI meM 21 prakArI aura aSTaprakArI pUjA kI racanA kI hai| aSTaprakArI pUjA kI racanA ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti meM saM0 1743 diyA gayA hai tathA kartA ke nAma para 'jJAna-udyota' isa prakAra kA rilaSTapada diyA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai guru kA nAma jJAnasAgara aura ziSya kA nAma udyotasAgara rahA ho| pRthvIcandracaritra-pRthvIcandra nRpa kI kathA bhI pratyekabuddhacaritoM kI zreNI meM AtI hai kyoMki usane samyagdarzana ke prabhAva se apanA itanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kiyA thA ki use gRhasthAvasthA meM hI binA kisI ke upadeza se kevalajJAna ho gayA aura mukti prApta huI thii| ukta kathA ko lekara jaina kaviyoM ne prAkRta, saMskRta tathA lokabhASAoM meM anekoM racanAe~ likhI haiN| unameM se jJAta kA varNana isa prakAra hai : 1. puhavIcandacariya satyAcArya (saM0 1161) prAkRta 2. pRthvIcandracaritra mANikyasundara (saM0 1478 ) purAnI gujarAtI jayasAgaragaNi (saM0 1503) satyarAjagaNi (saM0 1534 ) labdhisAgara (saM0 1558) rUpavijaya (saM0 1882) ajJAta 8. pRthvIcandraguNasAgaracaritra ajJAta 9. pRthvIcandracaritra saMskRta gadya M ; ajJAta 10. , ajJAta kathA kA sAra-pRthvIcandra nRpa aura vaNika-putra guNasAgara gyAraha bhava pUrva 1. zaMkha nRpa aura kalAvatI rAnI ke rUpa meM janma le samyaktva aura zIla ke prabhAva se uttarottara vikAsa kara agale bhavoM meM 2. rAjA kamalasena-rAnI guNasenA, 3. devasiMha 1. vizeSa ke lie ukta grantha kI prastAvanA dekheM /

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175 paurANika mahAkAvya nRpa-rAnI kanakasundarI, 4. devaratha-ratnAvalI, 5. pUrNacandra-puSpasundarI, 6. zUrasena. muktAvalI, 7. padmottara-harivega (vidyAdhara rAjA), 8. girisundara-ratnasAra (vaimAtRka bhAI ), 9. kanakadhvaja-jayasundara ( sahodara), 10. kusumAyudha-kusumaketu (pitA-putra ) aura anta meM pRthvIcandra mahArAja aura guNasAgara zreSThiputra hue| donoM ke pariNAma itane nirmala the ki ve donoM gRhasthAvasthA meM hI kevalajJAnI ho gaye aura muktigAmI hue / pRthvIcandra ke prathama bhava zaMkha-kalAvatI ko lekara kucha svatantra kathAgraMtha bhI banAye gaye haiN| __ yahA~ pRthvIcandra rAjarSi kI kathA se sambaddha kucha racanAoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| puhavIcaMdacariya-yaha prAkRta bhASA meM 7500 gAthAoM meM nibaddha vizAla graMtha hai' jo aneka avAntara kathAoM se bharA huA hai| isakI racanA bRhadgacchIya sarvadevasUri ke praziSya evaM nemicandra ke ziSya satyAcArya ne mahAvIra saM0 1631 arthAt vi0 saM0 1161 meM kI thii| isakI hastalikhita pratiyA~ milatI haiN| isa para 1100 zloka-pramANa kanakacandrasUrikRta TippaNa tathA ratnaprabhasUrikRta caritra-saMketa TippaNa (500 zloka-pramANa ) bhI milate haiN| 1. pRthvIcandracarita--yaha saMskRta bhASA meM 11 sargAtmaka racanA hai| isakA parimANa 2654 zloka-pramANa hai| isakI racanA kharataragaccha ke jinavardhanasUri ke ziSya jayasAgaragaNi ne pAlanapura meM saM0 1503 meM kI thii| inakI anya kRti 'parvaratnAvalI' hai| 2. pRthvIcandracarita-yaha kAvya saMskRta ke anuSTup chandoM meM nirmita hai| isameM 11 sarga haiM aura granthAna 1846 zloka-pramANa hai| isameM sargoM kA nAmAMkana pRthvIcandra aura guNasAgara ke 11 manuSyabhavoM ke nAma se kiyA gayA hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 255-256. 2. vahI, pR0 256. 3. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA (saM0 44), bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1976; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 596 meM ise binA dekhe hI gadya-padyamaya zleSa-grantha kahA gayA hai| 4. prazasti, padya 10.

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176 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yaha aneka adbhuta ghaTanAoM se bharA huA hai| isameM sarala evaM prasAdapUrNa DhaMga se aneka avAntara kathAe~ varNita haiM / isa grantha kA AdhAra pUrvAcAryoM kI prAkRtabandha kRti hai / " kartA evaM kRtikAla -- isake racayitA satyarAjagaNi haiM / kavi ne granthAnta meM 10 padyoM kI prazasti dvArA apanA paricaya diyA hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki ye pUrNimAgaccha ke puNyaratnasUri ke ziSya the / yaha grantha ahamadAbAda meM vi0 saM0 1535 meM racA gayA thA / grantharacanA ke samaya inake guru kI vidyamAnatA mAMDala pattana ke RSabhadeva mandira se prApta eka dhAtupratimA - lekha ( vi0 saM0 1531 ) se jJAta hotI hai / - 3. pRthvIcandra carita - vRddha tapAgaccha ke udayasAgara ke ziSya labdhisAgara ne ise saM0 1558 meM saMskRta bhASA meM likhA thaa| inakI dUsarI racanA zrIpAlakathA saM0 1557 meM banI thI / 4. pRthvIcandra carita - yaha saMskRta gadya meM 11 sargAtmaka bRhatkRti hai / granthAgra 5901 zloka -pramANa hai / gadya sarala bhASA meM hai aura bIca-bIca meM saMskRta aura prAkRta ke padya bhI yahA~ vahA~ se uddhRta haiM / isameM kavi ne apanI racanA kA AdhAra kisI prAkRta kRti ko mAnA hai : kavinA prAkkRtasya prAkRtapRthvIcandra caritrasya gadyabandhabhASayA kiMcit likhyate / kartA evaM kRtikAla -- granthAnta meM 11 padmoM kI prazasti dI gaI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA tapAgaccha-saMvignazAkhA ke padmavilayagaNa ke ziSya rUpavijayagaNi haiM jinhoMne prastuta kAvya ahamadAbAda nagara meM vi0 saM0 1882 zrAvaNa mAsa meM neminAtha ke janma dina para banAyA thaa| * etadviSayaka anya kRtiyoM ke lekhakoM kA nAma ajJAta hai / unameM eka saMskRta gadya meM bhI milatI hai| " 1. prazasti, padya 4. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 256; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1918. 3. vahI, pR0 256. 4. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1918; mesarsa e0 ema0 kampanI, bhAvanagara, 1936, prazasti, padya 5- 11. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 256.

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177 paurANika mahAkAvya bhAkakumAracarita-RSibhASita sUtra meM Ardraka ko 28voM pratyekabuddha mAnA gayA hai| unhoMne kAmavAsanA kI gardA kI thii| sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra Adraka eka anArya deza kA rAjakumAra thA, zreNika ke putra abhayakumAra se usakI maitrI thii| ArdrakakumAra ne abhayakumAra ke lie upahAra bheje the| abhayakumAra ne bhI usake pAsa dharmopakaraNa ke rUpa meM upahAra bheje the jise pAkara AdrakakumAra pratibuddha huaa| jAtismaraNajJAna ke AdhAra se usane dIkSA grahaNa kI aura vahA~ se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ora vihAra kiyaa| ___ ArdrakakumAracaritra' para ajJAtakartRka kaI racanAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| unameM eka 159 aura dUsarI 170 prAkRta padyoM meM hai| usakI patnI zrImatI para bhI zrImatIkathA' nAmaka racanA azAtakartRka upalabdha huI hai| kevalicarita: pratyekabuddhoM ke carita ke samAna hI vibhinna samayoM meM hue katipaya kevaliyoM ( kevalajJAnasampanna) ke caritoM ko bhI rocakatA ke kAraNa jaina kaviyoM ne apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai| unameM se kAmadevoM ke caritoM ke prasaMga meM hama vijayacandrakevalicaritra (prAkRta), siddharSikRta zrIcandrakevalicaritra, bhuvanabhAnukevali (balinarendra ) caritra, tathA jambukevalicarita Adi kucha racanAoM kA paricaya de cuke haiN| inake atirikta kevalicaritra para aura bhI racanAe~ milatI haiN| jayAnandakevalicarita-yaha 675 granthAna-pramANa hai| isakI racanA tapAgaccha ke prabhAvaka AcArya somasundara ke ziSya munisundara (vi0 saM0 14781503) ne kI hai| 1. DA. jyotiprasAda jaina ne AIkakumAra ko IrAna ke aitihAsika samrATa kuruSa (I. pU. 558-530) kA putra mAnA hai| bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 67-68. 2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 34; pATana sUcI, bhAga 1, pR0 153 paura 405. 3. vahI, pR0 398. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 134, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1998. 12

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178 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa dUsarI kRti saMskRta gadya meM hai| isakI racanA tapAgacchIya prabhAvaka AcArya yazovijaya ke gurubhAI padmavijaya ne saM0 1858 meM kI hai| isa kRti kA AdhAra munisundarakRta racanA hai|' prakIrNaka pAtroM ke caritra: uparyukta zreNIbaddha (tIrthakara cakravartI se lekara pratyekabuddha taka) caritroM aura paurANika kAvyoM ke atirikta saMskRta-prAkRta meM anekoM prakIrNaka kAvya milate haiM jinameM aise pAtroM kA caritra citrita hai jo upayukta tIrthakara-cakravartI Adi ke jIvana se sambaddha the yA samakAlika the aura unake bhavya jIvana ke prati kaviyoM aura zrotAoM kI vizeSa abhiruci thii| yahA~ hama pahale tIrthakara se antima tIrthakara taka ke kAloM meM samAgata pAtroM para Azrita pramukha kAvyoM kA paricaya prastuta karate haiN| jayakumAra-sulocanAcarita-bharata cakravartI ke senApati aura hastinApura ke nareza jayakumAra (meghezvara ) tathA unakI rAnI sulocanA ke kautukapUrNa carita ko lekara jaina kaviyoM ne sulocanAkathA yA carita, jayakumAracarita', sulocanAvivAha nATaka (vikrAntakaurava nATaka) Adi vividha rUpa meM kAvya likhe / kathA prasaMga meM kaviyoM ko ukta carita kI kaI bAteM rocaka lgii| jayakumAra saundarya aura zIla ke bhaNDAra the| eka samaya ve kAzirAja akaMpana kI putrI sulocanA ke svayaMvara meM aaye| aneko sundara rAjakumAroM, yahA~ taka ki cakravatI bharata ke putra akakIrti ke rahane para bhI, sulocanA ne varamAlA jayakumAra ke gale meM DAla dii| svayaMvara samApta hote hI bharata ke putra akIrti aura jayakumAra ke bIca yuddha Thana gayA para vijaya jayakumAra kI huii| isa apriya ghaTanA kI sUcanA bharata cakravartI ke pAsa bhejI gii| isa para cakravartI ne nayakumAra kI hI bahuta prazaMsA kii| vivAha ke anantara vidA lekara jayakumAra cakravartI se milane ayodhyA jAte haiM aura vahA~ se lauTakara jaba ve apane par3Ava kI ora Ate haiM to mArga meM gaMgA nadI pAra karate samaya unake hAthI ko eka devI ne magara kA rUpa dhAraNakara prasa liyA jisase jayakumAra-sulocanA hAthI. sahita gaMgA meM DUbane lge| taba sulocanA ne paMca-namaskAra-maMtra kI ArAdhanA se usa upasarga ko dUra kiyaa| hastinApura pahu~cakara jayakumAra aura sulocanA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 134; yaha pAlIvAnA se san 1921 meM prakAzita huI hai| 2. vahI, pR0 131 aura 447.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 179 ne aneka sukha bhoge| eka samaya mahala kI chata para baiThe donoM ne AkAzamArga se pAra hote vidyAdharadampati ko dekhA aura donoM apane pUrva janma kI ghaTanA smaraNakara mUJchita ho gye| pIche saceta ho pUrva bhavAvaliyoM kA varNana karate hue sukha se samaya bitAne lge| eka bAra eka deva ne Akara jayakumAra ke zIla kI parIkSA kii| pIche jayakumAra ne saMsAra se virakta ho bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke pAsa dIkSA le lii| isa kathAnaka para nimnalikhita racanAe~ aba taka upalabdha mahAsena (vi0 saM0 835 se pUrva) sulocanAkathA guNabhadra (vi0 saM0 905 ke lagabhaga) mahApurANa ke antima pAMca paryoM meM hastimalla (13vIM zatI) vikrAntakaurava yA sulocanAnATaka vAdicandra bhaTTA0 (vi0 saM0 1661) sulocanAcarita bra0 kAmarAja ( 17vIM zatI kA uttarArdha) jayakumAracaritra bra0 prabhurAja paM0 bhUrAmala jayodayamahAkAvya ina racanAoM meM vikrAntakaurava kA paricaya nATakoM ke prasaMga meM tathA jayodayamahAkAvya kA zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM ke prasaMga meM kreNge| zeSa kA paricaya isa prakAra hai| __ sulocanAkathA-isakA ullekha jinasena ne apane harivaMzapurANa meM, udyotanasUri ne apanI kuvalayamAlA meM aura dhavalakavi ne apane apabhraMza harivaMzacariu meM bar3e prazaMsA bhare zabdoM meM kiyA hai| kuvalayamAlA meM isa kathA ke viSaya meM kahA hai saNNihiyajiNavariMdA dhammakahAbaMdhadikkhiyaNariMdA / kahiyA jeNa sukahiyA suloyaNA samavasaraNaM ca // 39 // arthAt jisane samavasaraNa jaisI sukathitA sulocanAkathA khii| jisa taraha samavasaraNa meM jinendra sthita rahate haiM aura dharmakathA sunakara rAjA loga dIkSita hote haiM, usI taraha sulocanAkathA meM bhI jinendra sanihita haiM aura usameM rAjA ne dIkSA le lI hai| kuvalayamAlA se pA~ca varSe bAda likhe gaye harivaMzapurANa meM ukta anya ke viSaya meM kahA hai 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 447; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 120-121.

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180 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahAsenasya madhurA zIlAlaMkAradhAriNI / kathA na varNitA kena vaniteva sulocanA || arthAt zIlarUpa alaMkAra ko dhAraNa karanevAlI aura madhurA vanitA ke prazaMsA kisane nahIM kI ? dhavala mahAmahAsena kI sulocanAkathA kA ullekha samAna mahAsena kI sulocanAkathA kI kavi ne raviSeNa ke padmacarita ke sAtha kiyA hai muNi mahaseNu suloyaNu jeNa, paumacariu muNi raviseNeNa / racayitA evaM racanAkAla -- isa kAvya ke racayitA mahAsena the aura ve vi0 saM0 835 se pahale hue haiN| udyotanasUri aura jinasena samakAlIna tathA eka dezastha the ataeva adhika saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki donoM dvArA prazaMsita yaha kathA - grantha eka hI thA / saMbhavataH yaha prAkRta racanA thI / sulocanAcarita - yaha 9 paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai / isakA granthAgra 4525 zloka-pramANa hai / " prazasti ke anusAra yaha sugama saMskRta meM likhA gayA hai| " isake racayitA bhaTTAraka vAdicandra haiM / inakI anya racanAe~ haiM pArzvapurANa, jJAnasUryodaya, pavanadUta, yazodharacarita, pANDavapurANa Adi tathA kaI gujarAtI grantha / isa kAvya kI eka prati IDara ke granthabhaNDAra meM hai jo racayitA ke ziSya bra0 sumatisAgara ne byArAnagara meM vi0 saM0 1661 meM likhI thI / grantha-racanA isase avazya hI kucha varSa pahale huI hogI / bra0 kAmarAja kI etadviSayaka racanA kA nAma jayapurANa yA jayakumAracaritra hai / yaha saMskRta kAvya hai / isameM 13 sarga haiM / prabhurAjakRta jayakumAracaritra kA ullekha mAtra milatA hai / isa carita para apabhraMza meM bra0 devasena aura raddadhU kI racanAe~ bhI milatI haiN|" bharata ke ukta senApati ke caritra ke atirikta bharata ke eka putra evaM 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 447; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 388. 2. vihAya padakAThinyaM sugamairvacanotkaraiH / cakAra caritaM sAdhyA vA devandro 'lpamedhasAm // 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 132. 4. vahI.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 181 RSabhadeva ke prathama gaNadhara' puNDarIka ke caritra ko lekara bhI eka jaina kavi ne puNDarIkacaritra prastuta kiyA hai jisakA paricaya isa prakAra hai puNDarIkacarita-yaha mahAkAvya ATha sargoM meM vibhakta hai jisameM 2830 padya haiN| unakA parimANa 3300 zloka-pramANa hai| paurANika mahAkAvya hone se isameM aneka alaukika evaM aprAkRta tattvoM kA samAveza huA hai| sAtha hI stotroM aura mAhAtmyoM kA bhI varNana huA hai| zatrujayamAhAtmya kA varNana aneka sthaloM para kiyA gayA hai| isameM avAntara kathAoM meM anyabhavoM kA varNana dekara karmaphala aura jainadharma ke mahatva ko dikhAyA gayA hai| isa kAvya ke nAyaka kA kathAnaka vAstava meM tRtIya sarga se prAraMbha hotA hai| prathama do sargoM meM RSabhadeva evaM bharata-bAhubali kA varNana hai| pahale isameM ATha sarga hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai kintu ATha sargoM ke bAda bhI 100 padyoM se grantha kI samApti kI gaI hai| vastutaH yaha kAvya kA nauvAM sarga mAnA jAnA cAhie para kavi ne kahIM bhI ise navA~ sarga nahIM kahA hai| kAvya ke nAyaka ko mokSapadaprApti aSTama sarga ke madhya meM hI dikhAI gaI hai jahA~ ki kathA kI samApti samajhI jAnI cAhie kintu kavi ne Age kucha badAkara RSabhadeva aura bharata cakravartI ke nirvANa ko dikhAne ke lie kathA-krama jArI rakhA hai| isa kAvya ke nAma se jJAta hotA hai ki puNDarIka hI isakA nAyaka hai| isalie isameM usake vyaktitva ko sarvAdhika prabhAvazIla honA cAhie para usakA vyaktitva isa kAvya meM RSabhadeva aura bharata ke Age kucha dabA huA zadhigata hotA hai aura vaha kevala upadezaka ke rUpa meM hI dikhAI par3atA hai| isa taraha kAvya ke nAyakatva rUpa meM RSabhadeva, bharata aura puNDarIka ye tIna pAtra sammukha Ate haiN| puNDarIkacarita kI bhASA sarala aura sarasa hai| isameM avasara ke anukUla oja, prasAda aura mAdhurya guNoM se yukta bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se bhASA meM prasAdaguNa kI adhikatA hai kintu yuddha Adi ke prasaMgoM meM vaha ojapradhAna ho gaI hai| isa carita kI bhASA meM yamaka aura anuprAsa kA Agraha bahuta prabala hai jisase bhASA meM gati, pravAha aura jhaMkRti ke guNa A gaye haiN| puNDarIkacarita meM yatra-tatra gadya kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai| prAkRta ke 1. zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra. 2. zAradA vijaya jaina granthamAlA dvArA prakAzita; jinaratnakoza, pR0 251. 3. puNDarIkacarita, sarga 1, zloka 75-76; sarga 5, zlo0 195, 330 mAdi.

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa gadya-padya kI yojanA bhI isa caritra meM kI gaI hai| inameM se kucha prAcIna ardhamAgadhI bhAgoM se uddharaNa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiye gaye hai aura kucha kI racanA svayaM kavi ne kI hai| yaha carita vividha alaMkAroM kI yojanA se samRddha hai| zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa aura yamaka kA prayoga to pracura huA hai para arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA aura rUpaka kA hI adhika prayoga huA hai| isa carita meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga draSTavya hai| mahAkAvya ke paramparAgata niyamoM kA pAlana na kara pratyeka sarga meM aneka vRttoM kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai, chanda bahuta jaldI-jaldI badale gaye haiN| vaise kAvya meM anuSTup kA prayoga sabase adhika. hai| usake bAda upajAti, vasantatilakA, vaMzastha aura zArdUlavikrIDita kA prayoga kramazaH kama hotA gayA hai| anya chandoM meM svAgatA, hariNI, sragdharA, mandAkrAntA, mAlinI, AryA Adi chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-isa carita ke anta meM kavi ne apanI guruparamparA kA varNana kiyA hai jisase zAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA kamalaprabhari haiMbo candragacchIya sAdhu the| unake pUrvavartI AcAryoM meM candragaccha meM candraprabhasari ke ziSya dharmaghoSasari hue jinake caraNoM kI vandanA jayasiMha nRpa bhI karatA thaa| dharmaghoSasari ke pazcAt unake paTTa para kramazaH kUrcAlasarasvatI kI upAdhi se vibhUSita cakrezvarasUri Adi kaI AcArya hue unameM se eka ratnapramahari the| puNDarIkacarita ke racayitA kamalaprabhasUri inhIM ratnaprabhasUri ke ziSya the| kamalaprabhasUri ne isa kAvya kI racanA gujarAta ke eka nagara dhavalakka (gholakA) meM vi0 saM0 1372 meM kI hai| prastuta kAvya ke nirmANa kI preraNA kavi ko muniyoM se milI thii| isa kAvya kA AdhAra bhadrabAhukRta zatrujayamAhAtmya, vanasvAmIkRta zatrujayamAhAtmya aura pAdaliptasUrikRta zatrujayakalpa batalAyA gayA hai| anya mahApuruSoM meM bhagavAn munisuvrata ke tIrthakAla meM rAmacandra ke carita. se sambaddha sItA, lakSmaNa caritra ke atirikta sugrIva para sugrIvacaritra' (prAkRta) mikatA hai| 1. puNDarIkacarita, sarga 3, ralo. 10.11. 2. zrIvikramarAjyendrAt trayodazazavamite / vAsasatyadhika varSe vihivaM dhavalakke // . 3. jinaratnako za, pR. 444.

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paurANika mahAkAvya aMjanAsundarIcarita - hanumAna kI mAtA aMjanAsundarI para aMjanAsundarIcarita nAmaka, kharataragacchIya jinacandrasUri kI ziSyA guNasamRddhi mahattarAkRta, 503 prAkRta gAthAoM kA kAvya ( saM0 1406 ), jinahaMsa ke ziSya puNyasAgaragaNikRta ( 303 saMskRta zlokoM meM ) kAvya, kharataragacchIya ratnamUrti ke ziSya merusundaropAdhyAyakRta ( 16 vIM zatA0 ) tathA brahma ninadAsakRta kAvya' milate haiM / kRSNa rAjImatI-rukmiNI- subhadrA draupadIcarita -- bhagavAn neminAtha aura kAlIna aneka dharmaparAyaNA mahilAoM ke caritra bhI jaina kaviyoM ne nibaddha kiye haiM ! yathA-- neminAtha kI bhAvI patnI rAjImatI para AzAdharakRta rAjImatIvipralaMbha ( khaNDakAvya ) tathA yazazcandra kA rAnImatIprabodhanATaka e; kRSNa kI patnI rukmiNI para rukmiNIcarita ( jinasamudra, 18vIM zatI), rukmiNIkathAnaka ( chatrasena AcArya ); kRSNa kI bahina subhadrA para subhadrAcaritra ( granthAgra 1500 ) tathA pANDavapatnI draupadI para draupadIsaMharaNa ( samayasundara, 17vIM zatI), draupadIharaNAkhyAna ' ( paNDita lAlajI) tathA ajJAtakartRka draupadIcarita nAmaka kAvya milate haiM / varAMgacaritra - bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha aura zrIkRSNa ke samakAlIna nRpa evaM puNyapuruSa varAMga kI kathAvastu jaina kaviyoM ko kAvya ke mAdhyama se gRhIdharma-aNuvrata tathA adhyAtmadharma ko samajhAne meM bahuta priya rahI hai| varAMga ke carita meM dharmArthakAmamokSa caturvaMga samanvita dharmakathA ke darzana kAvyaracayitAoM ne kiye aura pAThakoM ko karAye haiN| abataka varAMgacarita nAma se saMskRta meM tIna, kannaDa meM eka tathA hindI meM do kAvya upalabdha hue haiN| kevala saMskRta racanAoM kA hI yahA~ paricaya prastuta kiyA jAtA hai 1. varAMgacarita - jaina carita kAvyoM meM saMskRta kA mahattvapUrNa sarvaprathama carita kAvya jaTAsiMhanandi kA varAMgacarita hai / yadyapi isake pUrva raviSeNa kA 'padmacarita' upalabdha hai para vaha adhikAMza meM 'paumacariya' kI chAyA rUpa siddha 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 4. 2. vahI, pR0 330. 143 3. vahI, pR0 332. 4. vahI, pR0 445. 5. vahI, pR0 183.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa huA hai tathA vaha bahunAyakavAlI racanA hai| prastuta kAvya eka nAyakavAlI racanA hai / isameM 31 sarga haiM jinameM kula milAkara 2815 vividha vRtta haiM / ' 184 kathAvastu - vinIta deza ke uttamapura nagara meM rAjA dharmasena aura rAnI guNavatI se varAMga nAma kA rAjakumAra huaa| yuvA hone para usakA daza rAjakumAriyoM se vivAha kiyA gayA / eka samaya usa nagara meM bhagavAn neminAtha ke pradhAna ziSya varadatta aaye| unase rAjA dharmasena aura rAjakumAra varAMga ne dharma zravaNa kiyA aura anta meM samyaktva - midhyAtva kA svarUpa samajha varAMga ne unase aNuvrata grahaNa kiyA tathA sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrI aura prema kA AcaraNa prAraMbha kiyA / rAjA ne tIna sau putroM ke rahate hue bhI varAMga ke guNoM se prabhAvita ho use yuvarAja pada diyaa| isase varAGga kI vimAtA mRgasenA aura usakA putra suSeNa DAha karane lage aura varAMga ko bhagAne ke lie unhoMne subuddhi nAmaka maMtrI se sahAyatA prApta kii| eka samaya maMtrI ke dvArA zikSita duSTa ghor3A varAMga ko car3hane ke lie diyA gayA jisane kumAra ko eka ghane jaMgala meM le jAkara paTaka diyA jahA~ varAMga ko aneka kaSTa jhelane par3e / eka bAra eka hAthI kI sahAyatA se usane eka vyAghra ke mukha se apanI jAna bcaaii| vahIM eka pakSI ne eka sundarI kA rUpa dhAraNa karake varAGga ko lubhAnA cAhA kintu svadAra santoSavrata kI parIkSA meM vaha aDiga niklaa| vahIM bhramaNa karate samaya vaha bhIloM dvArA pakar3A gayA para unake mukhiyA ke putra ko sarpadaMza se acchA karane ke kAraNa use unase mukti milii| eka bAra bhIloM se lar3akara usane vaNigdala kI rakSA kI aura unake mukhiyA ke sAtha lalitapura Akara 'kazcidbhaTa' nAma dhAraNa kara vahA~ rahane lagA / idhara varAGga ke akasmAt gAyaba ho jAne se usake mAtA-pitA aura patniyA~ bahuta zokAkula ho gaye para eka muni ke upadeza se sAntvanA pAkara ve saba apanA samaya dharma dhyAna meM bitAne lage / eka bAra mathurA ke rAjA dvArA lalitapura para car3hAI karane para kazcidbhaTa nAmadhArI varAMga ne vahA~ ke rAjA kI sahAyatAkara use mAra bhagAyA / taba lalitapura nareza ne usase apanI kanyAoM ke vivAha ke sAtha AdhA rAjya pradAna kiyA / eka samaya usake pitA ke rAjya para bakulanareza ne AkramaNa kiyA kyoMki usake sautele bhAI suSeNa ke rAjya samhAlane ke kAraNa zAsana kArya bigar3a gayA thA / usake pitA ne lalitapura ke rAjA se 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 342, DA0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye (saM0 ), varAMgacarita, mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1938.

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paurANika mahAkAvya sahAyatA kI yAcanA kii| isa mauke kA varAMga ne lAbha uThAyA aura bakulanRpa ko parAstakara apane pitA ke nagara meM praveza kiyA / uttamapura kI janatA ne varAMga kA svAgata kiyA / isake bAda apane virodhiyoM ko kSamAkara vaha vahA~ kA rAjyazAsana samhAlane lagA aura pitA kI AjJA se naye dezoM ko jItane nikalA / pIche usane naye rAjya kI sthApanAkara Anartapura ko eka dina usane apanI pradhAna rAnI ke eka prazna para tathA vahIM jinagRha tathA jinapratimA kI sthApanA kI / apanI rAjadhAnI banAI / gRhastha kA marma batalAyA eka dina AkAza meM varAGga ne TUTate hue tAre ko dekhaa| ho gayA aura usane apane putra sugAtra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara jinadIkSA le lI tathA tapasyA kara mukti pada prApta kiyA / 185 kahA gayA hai / varAGgacarita ke pratyeka sarga kI puSpikA meM use dharmakathA' yadyapi kavi ne isa racanA ko mahAkAvya kI upAdhi nahIM dI hai phira bhI isameM paurANika mahAkAvya kI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM, yathA - sargoM meM vibhAjana tathA mahAkAvyocita nagara, Rtu, keli, viraha, vivAha, yuddha, vijaya Adi kA varNana, vibhinna chandoM kA upayoga tathA sargAnta meM chnd-privrtn| isakA nAyaka varAGga dharmavIra aura yuddhavIra hai / isase use vairAgya varadatta kevalIse jIva aura varAGgacarita meM jaina siddhAnta aura niyamoM kA varNana bahuta hai| cauthe se lekara dasaveM taka tathA chabbIsavA~ aura sattAIsavA~ sarga isa nimitta hI race gaye haiN| yadi ina sargoM ko grantha se nikAla bhI diyA jAya to ghaTanAoM ke varNana meM koI antara nahIM aataa| isa kAvya ke vividha sthaloM meM -karma-sambandha, sukha aura duHkha kA kAraNa, samyaktva aura mithyAtva, saMsAra kA svarUpa, gRhasthadharma, jinapUjA aura jinamandira nirmANa kA mahattva, mahAvrata, gupti, samiti Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / kavi ne aneka prasaGgoM meM itara matoM kI AlocanA kI hai| unhoMne saMsAra kI utpatti, sthiti, pralaya ke kAraNa svarUpa puruSa, Izvara, kAla, karma, daiva, graha Adi kA khaNDana kiyA hai| isI taraha bauddha siddhAntoM-- kSaNikavAda, zUnyavAda, vijJaptimAtratAvAda aura pratItyasamutpAdavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai / kavi ne rudra, agni, brahmA, viSNu, indra, kumAra aura buddha ke devatva kI bhI samIkSA kI hai / kavi ne janmanA varNa-vyavasthA kA khaNDana 1. iti dharmakathoddeze caturvargasamanvite / sphuTazabdArthasandarbhe varAGgacaritAzrite //

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsaH kiyA hai aura purohita varga kI tIvra AlocanA karate hue brAmaNatva kA AdhAra vidvattA, satyatA aura sAdhuzIlatA batalAyA hai|' ___ kavi ne apane samaya (bAdAmI ke cAlukya vaMza ke rAjyakAla ) meM dakSiNa bhArata ke jainadharma kA eka sundara citra upasthita kiyA hai| unhoMne jaina mandiroM, jaina mUrtiyoM aura jaina mahotsavoM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai, sAtha meM rAjyoM kI ora se mandiroM ko grAma vagairaha diye jAne kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| isakA samarthana kadamba, caulukya aura rASTrakUTavaMzIya zilAlekhoM se bhI hotA hai| isa kAvya se tatkAlIna anya sAmAjika aura rAjanItika paristhiti kA bhI digdarzana hotA hai| vividha varNana aura dhArmika carcAoM ke rahane para bhI kAvya-zAstra kI dRSTi ke isa kAvya meM kucha vizeSatAe~ aura truTiyA~ bhI haiN| vaise kAvya zAntarasa-pradhAna hai phira bhI yatra-tatra anya rasoM ke darzana hote haiN| yathA varAMga aura usakI navor3hA patniyoM ke keli-varNana meM saMyoga-zRMgAra, trayodaza sarga meM pulinda bastI ke citraNa meM bIbhatsa rasa kI tathA caturdaza sarga meM yuddha-varNana meM vIra rasa kI abhivyakti sundararUpeNa huI hai| varAMgacarita kI zailI astavyasta hai| isameM saMskRta bhASA kA pravAha utanA sarasa nahIM hai| isameM kaI prAkRta zabdoM kA saMskRta meM prayoga huA hai yathA goNa, tumba, bakara, addhA Adi / kaI kA liMga badalA gayA hai yathA gaha, jAla, bhUSaNa, cakra ko puMliMga aura akSata, vRttAnta ko npuNskliNg| azvaghoSa, vAlmIki Adi ke samAna isameM kavi ne dhAtu ke aniyamita rUpoM kA prayoga kiyA hai yathA samajuH ke lie sasarjuH, juhubuH ke lie juhuH, susAdhya ke lie susAdhayitvA Adi / alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM kavi ulajhA nahIM hai phira bhI usakI aneka upamAe~ prazaMsA yogya haiN| yathA nidAghamAse vyajanaM yathaiva karAkaraM sarvajanasya yAti / tathaiva gacchan priyatAM kumAro vRddhiM ca bAlenduriva prayAtaH / / 28.60 / / varAMgacarita meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai unameM upajAti kA sarvAdhika ( 1879), isake bAda anuSTup (469) kA / anya chandoM meM druta. 1. prastAvanA, pR0 32-35, 68-70. 2. vahI, pR0 35-39 aura 70-71. 3. vahI, pR0 43-48 aura 74-76. 4, vahI, pR052.

Page #200
paurANika mahAkAvya 32 vilaMvita, bhujaMgaprayAta, vaMzastha, puSpitAgrA, praharSiNI, mAlabhAriNI, mAlinI aura vasantatilakA ullekhanIya hai / kAvya meM chanda- sambandhI aniyamitatAe~ bhI dRSTigocara hotI haiM, jaise anuSTup ke kucha chandoM meM nau akSara haiN| eka upajAti meM eka caraNa vaMzastha vRtta kA hai| eka meM akSarAdhikya hai / ' racayitA aura racanAkAla --- isa kAvya meM granthakAra kA kahIM nAmollekha nahIM huA, na koI prazasti hI dI gaI hai isase usake sambandha meM antaraGga sAkSya eka prakAra se mUka hai para bAhya sAkSyoM se hameM avazya sahAyatA milatI hai / yathA sarvaprathama udyotanasUri ne apane kAvya kuvalayamAlA ( I0 778 ) meM varAMgacarita aura usake racayitA jaTila kA ullekha kiyA hai| isake pA~ca varSa bAda binasena ne apane harivaMzapurANa ( I0 783 ) meM kevala varAMgacarita kI prazaMsA kI hai-- 'sundarI nArI kI taraha varAGgacarita kI arthapUrNa racanA apane guNoM se kisake hRdaya meM apane prati gAr3ha anurAga utpanna nahIM karatI 13 eka anya jinasena ke AdipurANa ( laga0 I0 838 ) meM kevala jaTAcArya kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai, sAtha hI usameM varAGgacarita se bahuta-sI sAmagrI bhI lI gaI hai / dhavala kavi ne apane apabhraMza harivaMza ( 11vIM zatI) meM to racayitA aura kAvya donoM kA eka sAtha ullekha kiyA hai / ' kannaDa 'triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita' (cAmuNDarAyapurANa) ke racayitA maMtrI evaM senApati cAmuNDarAya ne apane purANa ke eka gadyAMza meM varAGgacarita ke prathama sarga ke chaThe aura sAtaveM zlokoM ko vyAkhyAna rUpa meM diyA hai aura prathama sarga ke 15 veM padya ko 'jaTAsiMhanandyAcArya vRttam kara ke uddhRta kiyA hai / ukta ullekhoM se niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki isa varAMgacarita ke racayitA jaDila jaTAcArya yA pUrNa nAma jaTAsiMhanandyAcArya haiM / kannaDa sAhitya ke kaviyoM 1. prastAvanA, pR0 48-49. 2. jehiM kae ramaNijje varaMgapaumANacariya vitthAre / kaha va Na sakAhaNije te kaiNo jaDiya- raviseNo // 3. varAGganeva sarvAGgervarAGgacaritArthavAk / kasya notpAdayedgADhamanurAgaM svagocaram // 1.35. 4. kAvyAnucintane yasya jaTAH pracalavRttayaH / arthAnsmAnuvadantIva jaTAcAryaH sa no'vatAt // 1.20. 5. jiNaseNeNa harivaMsu pavitsu jaDilamuNiNA varaMgacaritu |

Page #201
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pampa, nayasena, janna, guNavarma, kamalabhava aura mahAbali ne apane purANoM meM jaTAsiMhanandi kA ullekha kiyA hai| prastuta kavi ne apane grantha meM kisI bhI pUrvavartI kavi kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| cUMki inakA sarvaprathama ullekha udyotanasUri kI kuvalayamAlA (zaka saM0 700 =778 I0) meM huA hai ataH jaTAsiMhanandi inase avazya pUrvavartI haiN| kannaDa sAhitya meM inake vividha ullekhoM se pramANita hotA hai ki ye karNATakavAsI the| karNATaka pradeza ke pallakkIguNDu nAma kI pahAr3I para azoka ke zilAlekha ke samIpa do padacihna aMkita haiN| unake ThIka nIce purAnI kanar3I meM do paMkti kA eka zilAlekha hai jisameM likhA hai ki cAvayya ne jaTAsiMhananyAcArya ke padacihnoM ko taiyAra kraayaa| saMbhavataH isI kavi kA vaha samAdhisthala ho / ' isa kAvya ke sampAdaka DA0 A0 ne ya ne jaTAsiMhanandi kA samaya sAtavIM zatI IsvI kA anta batalAyA hai| kavi ke isa kAvya kI tulanA aneka dRSTiyoM se azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita se kI jA sakatI hai| kAlidAsa aura bhAravi kI racanAoM aura varAMgacarita meM koI sAmya nahIM hai| varAMgacarita para anya saMskRta racanAe~ 6-7 zatAbdI bAda kI haiN| 2. varAMgacarita-isa dvitIya racanA meM 13 sarga haiM aura kAvya kA parimANa anuSTupa chandoM meM 1383 hai|' isakA AdhAra pUrvokta varAMgacarita hai / para isake racayitA ne ukta kathAnaka meM se varNana aura dharmopadezoM ko kama kara diyA hai| dhArmika aura dArzanika carcAe~ bhI nAmamAtra ke rUpa meM huI haiN| kathAnaka meM kavi ne mAtra itanA parivartana kiyA hai ki jahA~ jaTAsiMhanandi ne varAMga kI virakti kA kAraNa AkAza meM TUTate hue tAre kA darzana batalAyA, vahA~ prastuta kAvya meM usakI virakti kA kAraNa dIpaka kA taila ghaTa jAne se usakI kSINa hotI huI jyoti kA darzana hai| yadyapi yaha pUrva varAMgacarita kA saMkSipta rUpa hai phira bhI kavi ne apane bhAvoM ko sundara rasoM, alaMkAroM aura chandoM meM vyakta karane meM saphalatA pAI hai| isameM 1. prastAvanA, pR0 19. 2. vahI, pR0 22. 3. vahI, pR0 03. 4. paM0 jinadAsa pAzvanAtha phar3akule dvArA sampAdita aura marAThI meM anUdita, solApura, 1927.

Page #202
paurANika mahAkAvya 189. anAvazyaka bAtoM ko haTA dene se kathAnaka meM pUrNa dhArAvAhikatA pAI jAtI hai / isa kAvya ke dvitIya sarga meM zRMgAra rasa, chaThe aura AThaveM sarga meM vIra rasa, sAtaveM meM karuNa rasa tathA zAnta rasa kI yojanA kI gaI hai| isa kAvya meM pracalita sabhI alaMkAroM kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / vividha chandoM ke prayoga meM kavi niSNAta hai / prathama sarga meM vaMzastha, 2, 6, 9 aura 13 sarga meM upajAti tathA 4, 5, 7, 8 aura 11 sarga anuSTup meM, 3 sarga svAgatA meM, 10 sarga vasantatilakA meM, 12 sarga gIti tathA bhAryA chandoM meM nirmita kiye gaye haiM / pratyeka sarga ke anta meM do padyoM ke chanda avazya dekhe gaye haiM aura terahaveM sarga meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / kAvya camatkAra ke hetu bIca-bIca meM nItivacanoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / racayitA aura racanAkAla - kavi ne kAvya ke anta meM eka padya dvArA apanA nAma vardhamAna bhaTTAraka tathA mUlasaMgha, balAtkAragaNa aura bhAratIgaccha sUcita kiyA hai / " para usane apanI guruparamparA Adi kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| jaina zilAlekhoM se balAtkAragaNa ke do vardhamAnoM ke nAma jJAta hote haiM / zaka saM0 1307 ( I0 san 1385 ) ke vijayanagara se prApta eka lekha meM dharmabhUSaNa ke guru ke rUpa meM eka vardhamAna ullikhita haiM aura dUsare hummaca zilAlekha ( I0 san 1530 ) ke racayitA ke rUpa meM mAne gaye haiM / vijayanagara ke dharma bhUSaNa nyAyadIpikA grantha ke racayitA hI haiM jinake samaya kI pUrvasImA zaka saMvat 1280( I0 1358 ) mAnI gayI hai / isase unake guru kA samaya isI ke Asa-pAsa rahA hogA | zravaNabelagolA se prApta eka lekha meM eka vardhamAnasvAmi kA samaya zaka saM0 1285 ( I0 san 1363 ) diyA gayA hai / yadi ye ve hI vardhamAna haiM jo ki isa kAvya ke racayitA haiM to inheM IsvI san kI 14vIM zatAbdI uttarArdha 1. svasti zrImUlasaMghe bhuvi viditagaNe zrIbalAtkAra saMjJa e, zrIbhAratyAkhyagacche sakalaguNanidhivardhamAnAbhidhAnaH / AsIdbhaTTArako'sau sucaritamakarocchrIvarAGgasya rAjJo, bhavyazreyAMsi tanvadbhuvi caritamidaM vartatAmArkatAram // 13.87 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 ( mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA ), lekha saM0 585. 3. vI, lehakha saM0 667.

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa kA vidvAn mAna sakate haiN| hummaca ke kannaDa-saMskRta lekha ke racayitA vardhamAna ne bhI dharmabhUSaNa ke guru ke rUpa meM ukta vardhamAna kI stuti kI hai| zAnabhUSaNa bhaTTArakakRta eka anya varAMgacarita kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| mahAvIrakAlIna zreNika-parivAra ke caritra : bhaga0 mahAvIra kA samakAlIna rAjagRhanareza zreNika jaina dharmAnuyAyI thaa| mainAgamoM meM usakA kaI sthaloM para varNana hai / yahA~ usakA vizeSa paricaya dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jaina caritra kAvyoM meM usa para kaI racanAe~ milatI hai1 bheNikacaritra (bhAddhadinakRtyavRtti) devendrasUri (saM0 1337 ke pUrva) 2 zreNikadvathAzrayakAvya jinaprama (vi0 saM0 1356) 3 zreNikapurANa yA caritra bhaTTAraka zubhacandra (vi0 saM0 1612) 4 zreNikarAjakathA (gadya) dharmavardhana yA dharmasiMha (vi0 saM0 1736 ke lagabhaga) 5 zreNikapurANa bAhubali 6.7 zreNikacaritra ajJAta zreNikacarita-isameM 729 anuSTup padya haiN|' bIca-bIca meM prAkRta padya bhI haiN| yaha zrAddhadinakRtyavRtti se alagakara prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ yaha prabhAvanA ke mahattva ko sUcita karane ke lie prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isameM saMkSepa meM zreNika, usakI rAniyoM, putroM tathA jIvana kI aneka dhArmika ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| yaha eka dhArmika kAvya hai| isameM zreNika nareza ke rAjanaitika jIvana kA koI citraNa nahIM hai| ___racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA jagaccandrasUri ke ziSya devendrasUri haiN| inakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1327 meM huA thaa| inakI anya racanAe~-pA~ca nanyakarmagrantha saTIka, bhASyatraya, zrAddhadinakRtyavRtti, dharmaratnaTIkA, siddhapaMcAsikA aura sudarzanAcaritra milatI haiN| 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR0 520. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR. 341. 3. vahI, pR0 399. ... RSabhadeva kezarImala zve. jaina saMsthA, ratalAma, saM0 1994.

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paurANika mahAkAvya anya zreNikacaritoM meM jinaprabha ke zreNikadvayAzrayakAvya kA zAstrIya kAvyoM meM varNana kreNge| bhaTTA0 zubhacandra kA zreNikapurANa eka sAdhAraNa racanA hai jo hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita hai| zeSa kA ullekha milatA hai| ____ jainAgamoM meM na kevala zreNika kA hI carita varNita hai balki usake rAjakumAroM kA bhii| jaina kaviyoM ne jisa taraha zreNika para svataMtra kAvya racanAe~ kI hai usI taraha usake rAjakumAroM para bhI carita evaM kathA-grantha likhe haiN| rAbA zreNika kI aneka rAniyA~ thI aura unase aneka rAjakumAra the| unameM se azokacandra' arthAt kuNika yA ajAtazatru para, dUsare putra abhayakumAra tathA anya rAjakumAroM meM meghakumAra' aura nandiSeNa para carita-kAvya evaM kathAe~ milatI haiN| inameM se abhayakumAra-caritra para likhA eka kAvya kucha mahattvapUrNa hai, usakA paricaya yahA~ prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / abhayakumAracarita-yaha abhayAGka cihnita kAvya 12 sargoM kA hai| isakA racanA-parimANa 9036 zloka hai| isameM rAjA zreNika ke putra abhayakumAra kA vismayakArI caritra varNita hai| saMkSepa meM vaha isa prakAra hai-rAjagRha ke rAnA prasenajita ke kaI putroM meM cAturyaguNa-sampanna eka putra zreNika thaa| para pitA kI upekSA ke kAraNa vaha paradeza calA jAtA hai jahA~ vaha zreSThIputrI nandA se vivAha kara letA hai| kucha dinoM bAda pitA kI rugNatA kA samAcAra pAkara vaha rAjagRha lauTatA hai| vahA~ usakA rAjatilakakara prasenajita svargavAsI ho jAtA hai| idhara pitRgRha meM nandA ke putra utpanna hotA hai jisakA nAma abhayakumAra rakhA jAtA hai / vayaska hone para abhayakumAra apanI mAtA ko sAtha lekara rAjagRha apane pitA ke pAsa AtA hai| putra ke cAturya se prasanna hokara zreNika use pradhAna maMtrI banA detA hai| dUsare-tIsare sarga meM abhayakumAra kI cAturI se zreNika kA vivAha vaizAlInareza ceTaka kI putrI cellanA se hotA hai| garbhavatI 1. diga0 jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 399. 3. vahI, pR0 17. 4. vahI, pR0 12-13. 5. vahI, pR0 313. 6. vahI, pR0 199. 7. jaina bhAramAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1917, jinaratnakoza, pR0 12.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hone para vaha cellanA ke vicitra dohada ko apanI cAturI se zAnta karatA hai / isI taraha zreNika kI dUsarI rAnI dhAriNI ke akAlavarSa dohada ko vaha apanI cAturI se pUrNa karatA hai / caturtha sarga meM usake aneka vismayakArI kAryoM kA varNana hai / pA~cave se sAtaveM sarga meM zreNika aura usakI rAniyoM se saMbaMdhita kathAe~ haiM / eka kathA meM cellanA kA hAra khone para abhayakumAra apanI cAturI se use khoja nikAlatA hai / isI taraha AThaveM se dasaveM sargoM meM aneka kathAoM kA varNana hai jo kisI na kisI prakAra se abhayakumAra ke cAturya pradarzana se sambaddha kI gaI haiM / gyArahaveM sarga meM mahAvIra svAmI ke rAjagRha Agamana para abhayakumAra dIkSA grahaNa karane kI abhilASA vyakta karatA hai aura bArahaveM meM dIkSita ho tapasyAkara sarvArthasiddhi vimAna meM utpanna hotA hai / 192 isa kAvya kI kathA bar3I rocaka hai / isa kAvya meM ke citraNa meM kAvyakAra ko paryApta saphalatA milI hai / prakRti kA svAbhAvika rUpa meM citraNa ora bhI kavi ne paryApta dhyAna diyA hai / hai, sahaja saundarya ke rUpa meM nahIM / * abhayakumAracaritra meM apane samaya ke samAja kA, usameM vyApta dhAraNAoM, rIti-rivAjoM, andhavizvAsoM aura mAnyatAoM kA yathArtha citraNa huA hai / isa kAvya meM sAmAjika adhyayana kI jitanI sAmagrI milatI hai utanI isa yuga ke anya kAvyoM meM nahIM milatI / bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kAvya mahattvapUrNa hai / anya kAvyoM kI apekSA isakI bhASA bahuta hI vyAvahArika aura muhAvaredAra hai / isameM saralatA aura sarasatA sarvatra vyApta hai / samasta padAvalI kA prayoga bahuta hI kama kiyA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM anukUla zabdoM ke cayana se sundara citra prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isa kAvya prakRti ke vividha rUpoM aneka sthaloM para usane kiyA hai / pAtroM ke saundarya-citraNa kI para vaha paramparAgata upamAnoM meM varNita 1. vahI, sarga, 1.378-282; 2.78 3.204-205, 242-243; 6.5962; 8.5. 2. vahI, sarga, 1.167, 201; 2.2. 3. vahI, sarga, 1.306-334, 392-410, 496-471; 2.101-156; 3.174 - 177, 183 - 185; 4.108, 168, 258; 5.229-230, 569571; 9.40-47, 50, 51, 56, 58, 437, 660-668; 11. 262, 903 - 904, 921-922. 4. vahI, sarga, 10.57-59.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 193 maiM lokoktiyoM evaM muhAvaroM kA atyadhika prayoga huA hai / ' unakA prayoga aisI kuzalatA se kiyA gayA hai ki unakA svataMtra astitva samApta ho gayA hai aura ve vAkya ke aMga bana gaye haiM / isa kAvya meM dezI bhASA se prabhAvita zabdoM kA bhI bahuta prayoga 'huA hai / kavi ne aneka dezI zabdoM ko hI saMskRta rUpa dekara unakA prayoga kiyA hai, jaise DoMgara ( iMgara - parvata ), kedAraka ( kyAri ), hadate ( hagatA hai ), siMghana ( sUcanA ), tAlaka ( tAlA ), vibhAmaNa ( vichAvana ), proyituM ( pironA ) Adi / isakI bhASA ke pravAha meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga bhI svabhAvataH ho gayA hai / zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa kA prayoga adhika huA hai / arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka aura arthAntaranyAsa kA prayoga bahuta huA hai / isa kAvya ke pratyeka sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga huA hai aura sargAnta meM chanda-parivartana kiyA gayA hai / 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12 sargoM meM anuSTubh chanda kA prayoga huA hai / dUsare meM upajAti, cauthe meM mAdhava, chaThe meM rathoddhatA, AThaveM meM vasantatilakA chanda kA prayoga huA hai / dasaveM aura prazasti meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / isa kAvya meM kula 15 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai jaise anuSTup upajAti, vasantatilakA, rathoddhatA, mAdhava, toTaka, sragviNI, dodhaka, drutavilambita, sragdharA, zArdUlavikrIDita, mAlinI, AryA, zikhariNI tathA mandAkrAntA / " kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla -- grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se granthakartA kA paricaya milatA hai / tadanusAra isake racayitA candratilaka upAdhyAya candragacchIya the / isI candragaccha meM prasiddha vidvAn vardhamAnasUri hue the / unake bAda kramazaH jinezvarasUri, abhayadevasUri, jinavallabhasUri, jinadattasUri, jinacandrasUri, jinapatisUri aura jinezvarasUri hue / kavi candratilaka upAdhyAya jinezvarasUri ke ziSya the / prazasti meM kavi ne vibhinna muniyoM kA sAbhAra ullekha kiyA hai jinase usane vibhinna zAstroM kA jJAna prApta kiyA thA / isa kRti kI racanA kavi ne jinapAla upAdhyAya kI preraNA se kI thI / isakA saMzodhana lakSmItilakagaNi aura abhayatilakagaNi ne kiyA thA / isake lekhana kA prArambha vAgbhadRmeru ( bAr3amera ) nagara meM huA thA aura samApti gujarAta ke khambhAta 1. vahI, sarga 1.130; 4.394; 5.442, 702; 7.690; 8.128, 153; 9.84, 172, 430, 486, 685, 922, 623; 11. 721; 12. 171 Adi. 13

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nagara meM vaghelA nareza vIsaladeva ke rAjya meM vi0 saM0 1312 meM dIpAvalI ke dina huI thI / 194 abhayakumAracarita nAma kI racanAoM meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrtikRta tathA eka ajJAta lekhaka kI racanA kA ullekha milatA hai / " mahAvIrakAlIna anya pAtroM ke carita : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna aneka santoM, narezoM, dhArmika rAjakumAroM, rAjakumAriyoM tathA seTha, gRhastha evaM anya varga ke logoM ke caritra para bhI jaina kaviyoM ne kAvya likhe haiM / rAjanyavarga meM rAjagRha ke nRpa zreNika aura usake rAjakumAroM ke atirikta kauzAmbI nareza para udayanacaritra', ujjainI nRpa para pradyotakathA, sindhu- sauvIra nRpati para udAyanarAjakathA, dazArNabhadra deza ke rAjA para dazArNabhadracarita' ( prAkRta ) tathA hastinApura ke nareza para zivarAjarSicarita' likhe gaye haiM / isI taraha rAjakumAroM meM pRSThacampA ke rAjakumAra mahAzAla, atimuktaka' aura mRgAputra' para caritagrantha upalabdha haiM / dhArmika seThoM meM dhanyakumAra - zAlibhadra ke atirikta sudarzana seTha" para bhI kaI kAvya likhe gaye haiN| dhanI gRhasthoM meM kAmadeva" zrAvaka kA caritra ullekhanIya hai / isI taraha AnandAdi dasa zrAvakoM para bhI caritagrantha upalabdha haiM / 12 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 13. 2. vahI, pR0 46. 3. vahI, pR0 264. 4. vahI, pR0 46 5. vahI, pR0 171. 6. vahI, pR0 384. 19. vahI, pR0 307. 8. vahI, pR0 4. 9. vahI, pR0 313. 10. vahI, pR0 444. 11. vahI, pR0 84. 12. vahI, pR0 30. 7

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195 paurANika mahAkAvya sAmAnya varga meM se arjuna mAlAkAra para tathA caurakarmanirata vyaktiyoM meM vidyucara', rohiNeya aura dRr3haprahAri para caritagrantha milate haiN| mahAsantoM meM gautama gaNadhara aura jambUsvAmI ke atirikta ambar3a parivAjaka evaM gAMgeya muni para caritra upalabdha haiN| bhakta mahilAoM meM candanA, mRgAvatI, jayantI, prabhAvatI, zrImatI ( ArdrakumAra kI rAnI), sulasA evaM revatI zrAvikA Adi para bhI grantha likhe gaye haiN| yahA~ hama kucha racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya dete haiN| gautamacarita-bhaga* mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara gautama para kaI kAvya likhe gaye haiM unameM se prastuta kAvya meM 5 sarga haiN| isakI racanA maMDalAcArya dharmacandra (diga0) ne kI hai| dharmacandra bhaTTAraka yaza-kIrti ke ziSya, bhAnukIrti ke praziSya tathA zrIbhUSaNa bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the| isa kAvya kA kAla saM0 1726 hai|' dUsarI racanA bhaTTAkara yazaHkIrtikRta kA bhI nirdeza milatA hai| tIsarI racanA kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai gautamIyakAvya-yaha kAvya 11 sargoM meM vibhakta hai| prArambha meM zrotAoM ke manoraMjana ke lie upavanazobhA, SaDRtu-varNana, samavasaraNa kI zobhA Adi kA varNana hai| isa kAvya-grandha meM gautama indrabhUti ke saMzaya kA nivAraNa karane ke lie aura unheM cAritra meM praveza karane ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra upadeza dete haiN| upadeza meM jainadharma ke gUr3ha se gUr3ha tathya A gaye haiM, jaise tarkoM dvArA Atmasiddhi Adi / indrabhUti ke bAda agnibhUti, vyaktAcArya, sudharmA, maNDita, metArya prabhRti ke sandehoM kA nirAkaraNa tathA jainadharma meM dIkSA kA varNana hai / isa prakAra isa kAvya meM prArambhika jainasaMgha kA eka choTA-sA itihAsa upasthita kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne bar3e kauzala se kliSTa evaM nIrasa viSaya kA bhI hRdayAkarSaka DhaMga se kAvyazailI meM varNana kiyA hai / 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 356. 2. vahI, pR0 334. 3. vahI, pR. 117. 4. vahI, pR0 111. 5. vahI. 6. vahI, pR0 112, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa sirIja (saM0 90), 1940, vyAkhyAsahita,

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kAvyakartA aura racanA-samaya-kharataragaccha ke antargata dattagaccha ke pAThaka rUpacandragaNi' ne saM0 1807 meM isa kAvya kI racanA kI / grantha ke antima cAra zlokoM meM granthakAra kI prazasti dI gaI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne jodhapura nagara meM zrI abhayasiMha nRpa ke rAjyakAla meM isakI racanA kI thii| isa kAvya para vi0 saM0 1852 meM amRtadharma ke ziSya upAdhyAya kSamAkalyANagaNi ne gautamIyaprakAza nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| bhaga0 mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadhara the para gautama ko chor3a anya para svatantra racanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiN| gAMgeyabhaMgaprakaraNa-bhaga0 mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha santAnIya muni gAMgeya ke bIca nAraka jIvoM Adi ke sambandha meM huI carcA kA varNana bhagavatIsUtra ke 9veM zataka ke 32veM uddeza meM diyA gayA hai / usI kI smRti jAgarUka rakhane ke lie gAMgeya muni ke jIvana para padmavijaya ne saM0 1878 meM 54 prAkRta gAthAoM meM tathA meghamuni ke ziSya zrIvijaya ne 23 gAthAoM meM svopajJa avacUri ke sAtha racanA kI hai| uttamavijaya ke ziSya dharmavijaya dvArA racita gAMgeyabhaMgaprakaraNa' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| udAyanarAjakathA tathA prabhAvatIkathA-sindhu-sauvIra mahAvIra-buddha ke samaya meM eka vizAla rAjya mAnA jAtA thaa| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma udAyana thA jo apane samaya kA bar3A parAkramI aura prabhAvaka rAjA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma prabhAvatI thA jo vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thii| prabhAvatI nirgrantha zrAvikA thI, para udAyana tApasa bhakta thaa| prabhAvatI mRtyu pAkara svarga meM gaI / usane apane pati ko pratibodhA aura use dRr3haniSTha zrAvaka bnaayaa| pIche vaha apane bhAMje kezI ko rAjya sauMpa dIkSita ho gyaa| jaina kaviyoM ko udAyana rAjarSi aura prabhAvatI ke carita bar3e rocaka lage aura unhoMne udAyananRpaprabandha, 1. inakA dUsarA nAma rAmavijayopAdhyAya hai aura inheM dayAsiMha kA ziSya kahA gayA hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 104; mAtmavIra granthamAlA meM 1917 meM prakAzita. 3. jaina bhAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita; isakI hasta0 prati saM0 1672 kI milI hai| 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 104.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 197 udAyanarAjakathA aura udAyanarAjacaritra nAma se tIna-cAra kAvya' tathA rAnI prabhAvatI para prabhAvatIkathA, prabhAvatIkalpa, prabhAvatIcaritra (saMskRta), prabhAvatI. dRSTAnta ( prAkRta ) nAmaka kRtiyoM' kI racanA kI / mRgAputracarita--yaha uttarAdhyayana ke 15ve adhyayana para Azrita prAkRta grantha hai| isake kartA kA nAma jJAta nahIM hai| vipAkasUtra meM bhI eka mRgAputra kA varNana AtA hai jisake dvArA duHkhavipAka kA eka romAMcakArI citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai| ___ atimuktakacarita-antagaDadasAo meM do atimuktakoM kA varNana AtA hai : eka to nemi aura kRSNa ke samaya ke jo kaMsa aura devakI ke agraja tathA kumArakAla meM dIkSita ho gaye the aura dUsare mahAvIra ke samaya ke rAjakumAra jo AdhyAtmika samasyAoM ke samAdhAnArtha kumArakAla meM hI bhikSu-jIvana svIkArakara anta meM mukta hue the| atimuktaka ke caritra ko lekara saMskRta meM tIna racanAe~ upalabdha haiM jinameM se eka 211 saMskRta padyoM meM jinapati ke ziSya pUrNabhadragaNi ne saM0 1282 meM pAlanapura meM rahate hue likhI thii|' pUrNabhadragaNi ko anya kRtiyA~ dhanyazAlibhadracaritra (saM0 1285) tathA kRtapuNyacaritra (saM0 1305 ) haiN| / dUsarA kAvya bhI saMskRta meM hai jise aMcalagaccha ke zAlibhadra ke ziSya dharmaghoSa ne saM0 1428 meM racA thaa|" eka ajJAta lekhakakRta atimuktacaritra kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| sudarzanacarita-isameM sudarzana muni kA caritra varNita hai| jaina paramparA meM inheM mahAvIra ke samakAlIna antaHkRta kevalI mAnA gayA hai| inakA saMkSipta varNana antagaDadasAo tathA bhattapaiNNA meM diyA gayA hai| bhattapaiNNA aura mUlArAdhanA ( bhagavatI ArAdhanA ) meM inheM NamokAra mantra ke prabhAva se mUrkha gopAla ke jIvana se utkarSakara sudarzana seTha aura usI janma meM mokSaphala pAnevAlA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 46. 2. vahI, pR0 266. 3. vahI, pR0 313. 4. vahI, pR0 4; jinadattasUri prAcIna pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, 1944. 5. vahI, pR. 4. 6. vahI.

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198 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa batalAyA gayA hai| isa kathA kA vistAra hariSeNAcArya ke bRhatkathAkoza meM, zrIcandrakRta apabhraMza kahAkosu, tathA rAmacandra mumukSukRta puNyAzravakathAkoza meM diyA gayA hai| etadviSayaka sarvaprathama svataMtra kAvya apabhraMza meM nayanandi kA sudaMsaNacariU (saM0 1100) hai| isake bAda hameM saMskRta kI tIna racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| unakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai 1. bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ( 15vIM kA uttarArdha) kRta kAvya meM ATha pariccheda haiN|' usakI prAcIna hastalikhita prati saM0 1654 kI milI hai| sakalakIrti aura unakI kRtiyoM kA ullekha pahale kara cuke haiM / 2. bhaTTAraka mumukSu vidyAnandikRta kAvya 12 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai / granthaparimANa 1362 zloka-pramANa hai| grantha ke prathama adhikAra meM mahAvIrasamAgama, dUsare meM zrAvakAnAra evaM tattvopadeza, aSTama meM sudarzana ke pUrvabhavoM kA tathA navama meM dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA varNana hai aura zeSa adhikAroM meM sudarzana ke vartamAna bhavoM kaa| samasta grantha anuSTup chandoM meM nirmita hai para adhikArAnta meM chanda badala diye gaye haiN| grantha meM 'uktaM ca' dvArA anya granthoM se prAkRta evaM saMskRta padya uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| prastuta kAvya ke pratyeka adhikAra kI antima puSpikA tathA granthAnta meM dI gaI prazasti meM kartA ne apanA nAmanirdeza tathA guruparamparA kA ullekha kiyA hai jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki isake lekhaka mumuzca vidyAnandi haiN| ye mUlasaMghabhAratIgaccha, balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke praziSya tathA bhaTTAraka devakIrti ke ziSya the| vidyAnandi ke ziSya mallibhUSaNa, zrutasAgara aura brahma nemidatta bhI acche kavi evaM granthakAra hue haiN| vidyAnandi ke kAryakalApa kA samaya vi0 saM0 1489 se 1538 mAnA jAtA hai| prastuta kAvya kI racanA unhoMne gandhArapurI (sUrata yA usake bhAga yA samIpavartI nagara ) meM saM0 1513 ke 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 444, rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR. "; marAThI anuvAda sahita solApura se san 1927 meM prakAzita; DA. nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR. 454-56 meM vizeSa paricaya diyA gayA hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 444; bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI, vi0 saM0 2027, DA. hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita, prastAvanA dRSTavya,

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paurANika mahAkAvya 199 lagabhaga kI thii| isa kAvya kI hastalikhita prAcIna prati saM0 1591 kI milatI hai| vidyAnandikRta ukta kAvya ko hI bhrAnti se unake ziSya brahma nemidatta yA mallibhUSaNa yA vizvabhUSaNakRta mAna liyA gayA hai| kAmadevacarita-mahAvIra ke jIvana-prasaMga meM dhanI gRhastha kAmadeva kA varNana AtA hai| usI ko lekara rocaka kAvya ke rUpa meM aMcalagaccha ke merutuMgasUri ne vi0 saM0 1409 meM caritra nirmita kiyA / AnandasundarakAvya-mahAvIrakAlIna dasa zrAvakoM ke samudita carita ke rUpa meM saMskRta bhASA meM AnandasundarakAvya' apara nAma dazazrAvakacarita kI racanA sarvavijayagaNi ne kI / ukta gaNi ne tapAgacchIya lakSmIsAgarasUri ke paTTadhara sumatisAdhu ke paTTakAla meM mAlavA ke giyAsuddIna khilajI ke rAjakarmacArI jAvada kI prArthanA para ukta kAvya kI racanA kI thii| isa grantha kI prAcIna hastalikhita prati saM0 1551 kI milI hai| sarvavijayagaNi kI anya racanA sumatisambhava bhI milatI hai jisameM sumatisAdhu aura jAvar3a kA caritra varNita hai / dazazrAvakoM ke carita ko lekara prAkRta meM jinapati ke ziSya pUrNabhadragaNi ne saM0 1275 meM upAsakadazAkathA apara nAma dazazrAvakacarita aura sAdhuvijaya ke ziSya zubhavardhana ne saM0 1542 meM granthAna 800 zloka-pramANa dazazrAvakacaritra (prAkRta) kI racanA kii| eka ajJAta lekhakakRta AnandAdizrAvakacarita tathA dazazrAddhacarita' nAmaka caritagrantha bhI upalabdha hote haiN| ArjunamAlAkAra-arjunamAlI ghaTanAvizeSa ke prabhAva se samagra mAnavajAti ke prati vidrohI bana jAtA hai aura pratidina sAta vyaktiyoM ko mAra girAne kA 1. prastAvanA, pR. 13-17. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 84; hemacandra sabhA, pATana, 1928. 3. dazazrAvaka : mAnanda, kAmadeva, culanIpitA, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuNDa kolika, saddAlaputra, mahAzataka, nandinIpitA, sAlihIpitA. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR. 30. 5. vahI, pR0 56, 171. 6. vahI, pR0 171. 7. vahI, pR0 30. 8. vahI, pR0 171.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahAn hiMsaka saMkalpa kara baiThatA hai / kAlAntara meM dUsarI ghaTanA ke prabhAva se baha pratibuddha ho bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ziSya bana Atma-kalyANa karatA hai| isa carita ko lekara kharataragaccha ke guNazekhara ke ziSya nayaraMga ne saM0 1624 ke lagabhaga ArjunamAlAkAra kAvya likhA / isI carita ko lekara vartamAna yuga meM terApanthI AcArya kAlUgaNi se dIkSita evaM tulasIgaNi ke ziSya candanamuni ne sulacita saMskRta gadya meM ArjunamAlAkAra grantha likhA hai / isakA racanAkAla saM0 2025 hai / kAvya meM sAta samucchvAsa haiM / candanamuni kI aneka saMskRta - prAkRta racanAe~ milatI haiM: saMskRta meM prabhavaprabodhakAvya, abhiniSkramaNa, jyotisphuliMga, upadezAmRta, vairAgyaikasaptati, prabodhapaMcapaJcAzikA, anubhavazataka, paMcatIrthI, AtmabhAvadvAtriMzikA, pathikapaJcadazaka; prAkRta meM rayaNavAlakahA, jayacariyaM tathA NI dhammasutIo | 200 rohiNeyakathA - mahAvIrakAlIna prasiddha cora, jisakA ki unake upadeza se uddhAra huA thA, rohiNeya para rAmabhadrasUrikRta prabuddharauhiNeya nATaka ke atirikta saMskRta meM kAsaha gaccha ke devacandra ke ziSya upAdhyAya devamUrti ne ukta grantha likhA / upAdhyAya devamUrti kI anya racanAoM meM vikramacarita upalabdha hai / vidyuccaracora, jo pIche muni ho gayA thA, para bhI bhaTTAraka sakalakIrtikRta grantha milatA hai / " candanAcarita - mahAsatI candanA bhaga0 mahAvIra ke sAdhvI saMgha kI pramukhA thI / usake caritra ko lekara bhaTTA0 zubhacandra ne yaha kAvya likhA / isa kAvya meM pA~ca sarga haiN| isakI racanA bAgaDa pradeza ke DUMgarapura nagara meM huI thii| isa sambandha kI anya svatantra racanAe~ prAkRta saMskRta meM nahIM huI haiM / 1. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 584. 2. rAmalAla haMsarAja golachA, virATanagara ( nepAla ) dvArA prakAzita | isakA hindI anuvAda chogamala copar3A ne kiyA hai 1 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 334; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1908 tathA jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1916, isakA aMgrejI anuvAda nyU hevena (amerikA) se san 1930 meM eca0 jonsana ne 'sTaDIja ina oNnara oNpha blUmaphIlDa' meM prakAzita kiyA hai / 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 356. 5. sarga 5, padya saM0 208; rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 00.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 201 __ mRgAvatIcarita-kauzAmbI kA mahAvIrakAlIna rAjavaMza jainetara aura jaina sAhitya meM kaviyoM ke lie vividha prakAra ke kathAnaka cayana ke lie AkarSaka rahA hai| mahAvIra ke kAla meM kauzAmbI nareza zatAnIka kA parivAra prabuddha parivAra thaa| usakI rAnI mRgAvatI aura bahina jayantI tathA putra udayana ko jaina kaviyoM ne apane caritra evaM kathAkAvyoM kA viSaya banAyA hai| mRgAvatI para hIravijayasUrikRta mRgAvatIAkhyAna granthAna 800 zloka pramANa milatA hai| anya kRtiyoM meM mRgAvatIkulaka (prAkRta meM ) tathA ajJAta lekhaka kI mRgAvatIkathA kA ullekha milatA hai|' maladhAra devaprabhasUrikRta mRgAvatIcaritra pA~ca sargoM kA eka laghu kAvya hai jo anuSTup chandoM meM hai|' sargAnta meM chanda parivartana huA hai| isameM kula milAkara 1848 padya haiN| isa kAvya meM dikhAyA gayA hai ki ujjayanI nareza pradyota mRgAvatI ko usake atizaya saundarya ke kAraNa prApta karanA cAhatA thA aura isake lie usane kauzAmbI para gherA DAla diyaa| mRgAvatI ne apane buddhi-kauzala se use aisA na karane diyA aura anta meM bhaga0 mahAvIra ke samakSa dIkSita ho gii| pradyota ko mahAvIra ne parastrIvarjana kA upadeza diyaa| devaprabhasUri kI anya racanAoM meM pANDavapurANa, sudarzanAcarita tathA kAkusthakelikAvya milate haiN| mRgAvatIcaritra meM mRgAvatI ke satItva evaM buddhi kauzala tathA jinadIkSA kA rocaka varNana diyA gayA hai / jayantIcarita-ise siddhajayantIcaritra, jayantIpraznottarasaMgraha yA kevala praznottarasaMgraha nAma se kahate haiN| yaha prAkRta meM nirmita grantha hai jisameM mUla 28 gAthAe~ haiM jinakA AdhAra bhagavatIsUtra ke 12veM zataka kA dvitIya uddezaka hai| inakI racanA pUrNimAgaccha ke mAnatuMgasUri ne kI thii| isa para unake ziSya malayaprabhasUri ne eka vizAla vRtti likhI hai jisakA granthAna 6600 zloka-pramANa hai| isa vRtti meM prAkRta bhASA meM hI 56 ke lagabhaga kathAe~ dI gaI haiM aura isa prakAra se yaha eka acchA kathAkoza bana gayA hai| isameM kauzAmbI kI rAjakumArI tathA mRgAvatI kI nanada evaM udayana kI phUphI kI bhI kathA hai jo bhaga0 mahAvIra ke zAsanakAla meM nirgrantha sAdhuoM ko vasati dene ke kAraNa prathama zayyA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 313. 2. hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, saM0 1966. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 133, 277. 4. paMnyAsa maNivijaya granthamAlA, lIMca ( mehasAnA), vi0 saM0 2006.

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202 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa tarI ke rUpa meM prasiddha huI thii| jayantI ne mahAvIra se jIva aura karma viSayaka aneka prazna pUche the| vRttikAra ne abhayadAna meM meghakumAra-kathA, karuNA-dAna meM sampratinRpa-kathA, zIla pAlana para sudarzanaseTha-manoramA-kathA, mAna meM bAhubali kI kathA tathA anya prasaMgoM meM bappabhaTTasUri, AryarakSita Adi kI kathAe~ aura anta meM jayantI kI kathA dI hai / isa vRtti meM saMskRta gadya-padya kA mizraNa huA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-granthAnta meM 20 zlokoM meM granthakAra kI tathA 18 zlokoM meM grantha-lekhaka kI prazasti dI gaI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki vaTagaccha meM kramazaH sarvadevasUri, jayasiMhasUri, candraprabhasUri, dharmaghoSasUri, zIlagaNasUri hue / usI gaccha kI pUrNimA zAkhA ke gacchapati mAnatuMgasUri ne jayantIpraznottaraprakaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA aura unake ziSya malayaprabha ne vi0 saM0 1260 ( jyeSTha kRSNa 5) meM isa para vRtti likhii| isa grantha kA lekhana saM0 1261 meM caulukya nareza bhImadeva dvitIya ke rAjya meM prAgvATavaMzI seTha dhavala kI putrI nAu zrAvikA ne paMDita muMjAla se likhAkara maMkuzilA sthAna meM ajitadevasUri ko samarpaNa kiyaa| mAnatuMga kI anya racanA ke viSaya meM mAlUma nahIM para malayaprabha ne svapna. vicArabhASya likhA thaa| sulasAcarita-bhaga. mahAvIra ke zrAvikAsaMgha kI pramukhA sulasA apane dRr3ha samyaktva ke lie prasiddha thii| usI ke caritra ko lekara AgamagacchIya jayatilakasUri ne 8 sargoM meM yaha kAvya likhA hai jisameM 540 saMskRta zloka haiN| isakI anekoM hastalikhita pratiyA~ milatI haiN| prAcInatama saM0 1453 kI hai| mahAvIrakAlIna anya zrAvikAoM meM revatI ke carita para revatIzrAvikAkathA' (saMskRta) upalabdha hai| prabhAvaka AcAryaviSayaka kRtiyA~ : jaina kaviyoM ne tIrthakarAdi mahApuruSoM ke samudita caritoM-mahApurANa yA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita Adi ke samAna samudita rUpa se AcAryoM muniyoM ke 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 447. 2. vahI, pR. 333.

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paurANika mahAkAgya 203. carita para bhI grantha likhe haiN| aneka muniyoM ke nAmoM kA saMkalana 'nirvANakANDa' Adi nityapATha kiye jAnevAle stotroM ke rUpa meM milatA hai para unake jIvana para kucha mahatvapUrNa kAvya bhI likhe gaye hai| __etadviSayaka bhadrezvarasUrikRta kahAvali meM 'therAvalIcariya' bhAga ullekhanIya hai| isameM sarvaprathama yugapradhAna AcAryoM ke sampUrNa itihAsa kI sAmagrI kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| isameM kAlakAcArya se lekara haribhadrasUri taka ke AcAryoM ke caritra diye gaye haiN| yaha etadviSayaka anya racanAoM-pariziSTa parva Adi kA Adarza rahI hai| sthavirAvalIcarita athavA pariziSTaparva-yaha hemacandrAcArya ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ke 10 paryoM ke pariziSTa rUpa meM racA gayA hone se pariziSTaparva kahalAtA hai| triSaSTizalAkApuMsAM dazapUrvIvinirmitA / idAnIM tu pariziSTaparvAsmAbhirvitanyate / isameM jambUsvAmI se lekara vajrasvAmiparyanta prabhAvaka AcAryoM kA vismayakAraka caritra grathita hai|' jarmana vidvAn harmana yAkobI ise sthavirAvalicarita nAma se kahate haiM jo do AdhAroM se hai / pahalA ukta grantha ke pahale sarga kA 6ThA~ zloka hai : 'atra ca jambUsvAmyAdisthavirANAM kathocyate' / dUsarA pratyeka parva ke anta meM AI puSpikAoM meM 'sthavirAvalIcarita mahAkAvya' nAmollekha milatA hai : ityAcAryazrIhemacandraviracite pariziSTaparvaNi sthavirAvalIcarite mahAkAvye........" isa grantha meM 13 parva haiM jinakA parimANa 3500 zloka-pramANa hai| _ isa grantha kA uddezya dharmopadeza hai jise hemacandra ne prAcIna dRSTAnta, upadezapUrNa kathAe~ aura pUrvavartI yugapradhAna puruSoM ke kathAnaka dekara rocaka evaM ramya banA diyA hai| isameM saMgraha rUpa meM aneka paurANika kathAe~, nItikathAe~ tathA prAcIna sthaviroM ke jIvana-vRttAnta mila jAte haiN| dharma ke paramparAgata vistAra meM 1. yAkobI, sthavirAvalIcarita athavA pariziSTaparva, bibliyothekA iNDikA (saM. 96), kalakattA 1891; dvitIya parivardhita saMskaraNa jise lyUmAna aura TAvane ne sampAdita kiyA, 1932; paM0 haragovinda dAsa dvArA sampAdita, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1968; isake aneka uddharaNoM kA anuvAda je0 harTala ne jarmana meM kiyA thA, lIpajiga, 1908.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prAcIna pUrvadharoM ne jo bhAga liyA unake kathAnaka zramaNavarga meM guruziSya paramparA se jIvita rahe / prathama, dasa AgamoM ke Upara bhadrabAhu ne niryuktiyA~ likhI thIM unameM ina kathAnakoM kA sAdhAraNa ullekha hai / unameM vistArapUrvaka ullekha nahIM ho sakA kAraNa ve to gAthAoM aura sUtroM kA artha hI batAtI haiN| isake bAda sUtra aura niyuktiyoM ko vistAra se samajhAne ke lie prAkRta cUrNiyA~ likhI gii| ina cUrNiyoM meM ye kathAnaka vistAra se ullikhita haiM / ina cUrNiyoM ko bhI vistAra se samajhAnevAlI TIkAe~ haribhadrasUri Adi AcAryoM ne likhI / isa vipula kathAnaka samudAya kA upayoga hemacandrAcArya ne pariziSTa parva rakhane meM kiyA hai / pro0 yAkobI ne pariziSTa parva kI sampUrNa sAmagrI kA vizleSaNa kara batalAyA hai ki hemacandra ne isa grantha meM prAyaH pUrI kI pUrI sAmagrI prAcIna srotoM se lI hai / -204 phira bhI yaha bikharI sAmagrI ko aitihAsika krama se sambaddha karane meM aura ojasvI kAvya- zailI meM prastuta karane meM zlAghanIya grantha hai / kAvya kI dRSTi se una kathAnakoM ko kalpanA aura kAvya- mAdhurya dekara hemacandra ne khUba sajAyA hai aura Avazyaka vistAra tathA bhASAparivartana dvArA prAcIna paramparA ke itihAsa ko sacAI se prastuta kiyA hai prathama parva se paMcama parva taka jambUsvAmI se lekara bhadrabAhu taka kA vRttAnta hai| inameM dUsare-tIsare parva aneka prakAra kI prANikathA, lokakathA, tathA nItikathAoM se bhare hue haiM, pA~cave parva ke ardhabhAga se lekara AThaveM parva taka bhArata ke prAcIna rAjanaitika itihAsa ke lie adbhuta sAmagrI bharI par3I hai yathA-pATaliputra kI sthApanA, nanda rAjAoM kA AkhyAna, maurya candragupta aura usake maMtrI cANakya, vararuci, zakaTAla, pIche vindusAra, azoka, samprati Adi ke viSaya meM mahattvapUrNa bAteM kahI gaI haiM / yaha aMza bhAratIya itihAsa ke lie ati mahattva kA hai / antima navama se teraha taka ke parva sthUlabhadra se lekara vajrasvAmI taka jaina paramparA ke itihAsa ko prastuta karate haiM / isa taraha prastuta grantha meM jambUsvAmI se lekara vajrasvAmI taka paTTadharoM kI jIvaniyA~ aura unake anuSaMga se aitihAsika kathAnakoM kA acchA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / isake pUrva bhadrezvara kI kahAvalI meM 63 zalAkA puruSoM ke uparAnta saMkSepa meM paTTadharoM tathA kAlaka se haribhadrasUri taka yugapradhAnoM kI kathAe~ kevala saMgraha rUpa meM dI haiM / ukta grantha se pariziSTa parva meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM ekasUtratA, pravAhitA, prasAda evaM suzliSTatA Adi guNa adhika pAye jAte haiM /

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paurANika mahAkAvya 205 yaha grantha anuSTubh chanda meM racA gayA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA prasiddha hemacandrAcArya haiM jinakA paricaya pahale diyA jA cukA hai| yaha grantha unake jIvana ke uttarakAla kI racanA hai isalie padya-racanA meM unakA adbhuta kauzala dikhAI par3atA hai| prabhAvakacarita-ise 'pUrvarSicarita' bhI kahate haiN| yaha grantha' eka prakAra se pariziSTaparva kA pUraka hai| pariziSTaparva meM jambU se lekara vajrasvAmI taka carita diye gaye haiM to prastuta grantha meM lekhaka ne vajrasvAmI se hemacandra taka AcAryoM kI jIvaniyA~ dI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM isameM vikrama kI pahalI zatAbdI se lekara 13vIM zatAbdI taka AcAryoM ke carita varNita haiN| unameM prAcIna AcAryoM meM pAdalipta, siddhasena, mallavAdI, haribhadrasUri tathA bappabhaTTi ke carita ullekhanIya haiN| caulukya narezoM ke samakAlIna vIrasUri, zAntisUri, mahendrasUri, sUrAcArya, abhayadeva, vIradeva aura hemacandrasUri ke carita to gujarAta ke itihAsa ke lie bar3e mahattvapUrNa haiN| isa carita kI aitihAsika vizeSatA ko hama aitihAsika. kAvyoM ke prasaMga meM btlaaveNge| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isakI racanA candrakula ke rAjagaccha ke candraprabha ke ziSya AcArya prabhAcandra ne vi0 saM0 1334 meM kI thii| grantha ke anta meM eka acchI prazasti dI gaI hai jisase kavi kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| isa grantha kA saMzodhana prasiddha saMzodhaka, AcArya pradyumnasUri ne kiyA thaa| granthakAra ne apane saMkSipta viSayapraveza meM likhA hai ki unhoMne isa kRti kI sAmagrI apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM se tathA apane samaya meM pracalita AkhyAnoM se lI hai| isameM hemacandrAcArya ke viSaya meM diyA gayA carita unake viSaya meM upalabdha sabhI caritoM se prAcIna kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha grantha hemacandra ke svargavAsa ke 80 varSa pazcAt likhA gayA thaa| ___ isa mahattvapUrNa grantha ke atirikta granthakAra kI anya kRti nahIM miltii| pramAcandra ne dharmakumAraracita dhanyazAlibhadracarita (saM0 1338) kA saMzodhana bhI kiyA thaa| 1. paM0 harinanda zarmA dvArA sampAdita, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1909 // muni jinavijaya dvArA saMpAdita, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, 1940, jinarasnakoza, pR0.266.

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206 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prabhAvakacaritra ke atirikta jaina AcAryoM ke sAmUhika rUpa meM caritroM kA varNana karanevAle prabaMdhAvali, prabaMdhacintAmaNi aura prabaMdhakoza milate haiM / jinabhadra kI prabaMdhAvali ( saM0 1290 ) meM mAnatuMga, pAdalipta, haribhadra, abhayadeva, siddharSi aura devAcArya ke carita saMgrahIta haiN| prabaMdhAvali vartamAna purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha' ke antargata prakAzita huI hai| merutuMgakRta prabaMdhacintAmaNi' (saM01361) meM saMkSepa aura sAmAsika zailI meM bhadrabAhu, vRddhavAdI, mallavAdI aura hemacandra mAtra ke caritra diye gaye haiM jaba ki rAjazekharasUrikRta prabaMdhakoza (saM01405) meM bhadrabAhu, nandila, jIvadeva, AryakhapaTa, pAdalita, siddhasena, mallavAdI, haribhadra, bappaTTi aura hemacandrasUri ke caritra saMgRhIta haiN| prabhAvakacarita meM diye gaye ina AcAryoM ke caritroM se tulanA karane para jJAta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ke sammukha ina AcAryoM ke caritra viSayaka anya koI saMgraha bhI rahA hogA jisase unhoMne AcAryaviSayaka prabaMdhoM ke lie kitanIka sAmagrI saMgRhIta kI hai, kAraNa ina AcAryoM ke caritroM meM kaI bAteM aisI haiM jo prabhAvakacarita meM nahIM milatI aura prabhAvakacarita kI kaI bAteM isameM nahIM miltii| phira bhI prabaMdhakoza kI pradhAna sAmagrI prabhAvakacaritra se hI ekatrita kI gaI pratIta hotI hai / purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha, prabaMdhacintAmaNi aura prabaMdhakoza kA vizeSa paricaya aitihAsika racanAoM meM diyA jaaegaa| 1. siMgho jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 2, 1936. 2. vahIM, granthAMka 1, 1933. 3. vahI, granyAMka 6, 1935. 4. prabaMdha usa ardha-aitihAsika kathAnaka ko kahA jAtA hai jo sarala saMskRta gadya aura kabhI-kabhI padya meM bhI likhA jAtA hai| prabaMdhakoza ke racayitA rAjazekharasUri (15vIM zatAbdI) ne ukta koza ke prAraMbha meM caritra aura prabaMdha kA antara samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| usake anusAra tIrthaMkaroM Adi jainapurANa ke mahApuruSoM aura prAcIna nRpoM tathA mAryarakSitasUri (mahAvIra-nirvANa 557 ) taka ke jainAcAryoM ke jIvana-caritroM ko caritragrantha kahA jAtA hai, isake bAda honevAle AcAryoM aura zrAvakoM ke jIvana caritoM ko prabaMdha / rAjazekhara kI isa mAnyatA kA prAcIna AdhAra nahIM mAlUma hotaa| jo kucha bhI ho, isa prakAra kI nAma-paddhati kA viveka racanAoM meM sadA hI pAlana nahIM huA hai kyoMki kumArapAla, vastupAla, jagaDU Adi

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paurANika mahAkAvya prabhAvakakathA-yaha prabhAvakacarita ke samAna hI kucha prabhAvazIla AcAryo ke jIvana para likhA gayA grantha hai| isameM lekhaka ne apane chaH guru-bhrAtAoMudayanandi, cAritraratna, ratnazekhara, lakSmIsAgara, vizAlarAja aura somadevakA carita diyA hai| ___ andhakAra aura racanAkAla-isa grantha ke kartA prasiddha tapAgacchIya AcArya munisundarasUri ke ziSya zubhazIlagaNi haiN| isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1504 meM huI hai| isake pUrva granthakAra ne vi0 saM0 1490-99 ke bIca vikramacaritra tathA bAda meM vi0 saM0 1509 meM vizAla kathAgrantha paMcazatIprabodhaprabaMdha arthAt bharatezvarabAhubalivRtti kI racanA kI hai| prabhAvaka AcAryoM ke svataMtra caritra bhI upalabdha hote haiN| diga0-zvetA0 saMgha ke itihAsa meM bhadrabAhu kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| ve candragupta maurya ke samakAlIna mAne jAte haiM / diga0 paramparA meM unheM antima zrutakevalI kahA gayA hai| inakA caritra prAcIna granthoM meM diyA gayA hai| kaI kathAkozoM meM bhI inake caritra kA varNana hai| svataMtra caritra ke rUpa meM bhI eka-do racanAe~ milatI haiN| __ bhadrabAhucarita-yaha cAra adhikAroM meM vibhakta saMskRta grantha hai|' adhikAroM meM kramazaH 129, 93, 99 aura 177 zloka haiN| isameM diga0 mAnyatAnusAra bhadrabAhu kA caritra diyA hai| granthakAra ne apane pUrvavartI devasena aura hariSeNa dvArA pratipAdita kathAoM ko sambaddhakara yaha caritra likhA hai isase 12-13vIM zatAbdI ke puruSoM kI jIvaniyoM ko bhI caritra kahA gayA hai| prabaMdhoM ke viSaya yadyapi ardha aitihAsika yA aitihAsika vyakti hI haiM phira bhI unake likhe jAne kA dhyeya thA 'dharmazravaNa ke lie ekatra huI samAja ko dharmopadeza denA, jaina dharma ke mAhAtmya ko batalAnA, sAdhuoM ko samayAnukUla upadeza kI sAmagrI denA aura zrotAoM kA citta-vinoda karanA' / isalie prabaMdhoM ko vAstavika itihAsa yA jIvana-carita nahIM samajhanA caahiye| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 266. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 291; jaina bhAratI bhavana, banArasa, vI0 saM0 2437, paM0 udayalAla kAsalIvAlakRta hindI anuvAda.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa donoM ke caritroM se isameM parivartana dekhA jAtA hai| granthakAra ne hariSeNa kI paramparA se prApta ardhaphAlaka sampradAya aura zvetAmbaramata kI utpatti dI hai| isameM lukAmata kI utpatti vi0 saM0 1527 meM batalAyI gaI hai| __ racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA anantakIrti ke ziSya lalitakIrti ke ziSya ratnanandi haiM / grantha ke anta meM eka padya se yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai tathA usameM likhA hai ki hIraka Arya ke Agraha se yaha carita likhA gayA hai para granthakAra ne kahIM bhI apane gaNagaccha kA nAma yA racanAkAla nahIM diyA hai| phira bhI isakI racanA saM0 1527 ke bAda hI huI hai kyoMki ukta saMvat meM isameM lukAmata kI utpatti batalAI gaI hai| grantha ke sampAdaka ne ratnanandi kA nAma unake dAdAguru aura guru ke nAma para ratnakIrti honA mAnA hai aura sudarzanacaritakAra vidyAnandi dvArA stuta ratnakIrti se sAmya sthApita kiyA hai para yaha ThIka nahIM hai| vidyAnandi ke sudarzanacaritra kA samaya vi0 saM0 1513 hai isalie unake dvArA stuta ratnakIrti kA samaya aura pahale honA caahiye| para prastuta racanA meM lekhaka ne lukAmata kI utpatti kA saMvat 1527 diyA hai to vaha avazya pIche huA hai| granthakAra ne anantakIrti ko apanA dAdAguru batalAyA hai para anantakIrti ke ziSya rUpa meM kisI lalitakIrti (granthakAra ke guru ) kA patA anya sAdhanoM se aba taka nahIM lagA hai isase granthakAra ke samaya kA nirdhAraNa karanA kaThina hai| eka bhaTTAraka ratnacandrakRta bhadrabAhucaritra kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isI taraha eka bhadrabAhukathA kA bhI nirdeza huA hai| sthUlabhadracarita-zvetAmbara saMgha ke itihAsa meM AcArya sthUlabhadra kA bahuta bar3A sthAna hai| inake caritra prAcIna granthoM meM to diye hI gaye haiM para ina para svataMtra racanAe~ bhI 4-5 milatI haiN| pahalI racanA meM 684 saMskRta zloka haiM jise caudahavIM zatI ke jayAnandasUri ne likhA hai|" jayAnanda tapAgacchIya somatilakasUri ke ziSya the| inakI 1. 4. 157. 2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 291. 3. vahI. 1. vahI, pR0 455; prakAzita-hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1910; devacandra lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra, granyAMka 25, bambaI, 1925.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 209 anya kRti kAlakAcAryakathA prAkRta meM milatI hai| isa kAvya para padmanandanasUri ne TIkA likhI hai| dUsarI racanA padmasAgarakRta hai| ise zIlaprakAza bhI kahate haiN| isameM sAta sarga haiM aura yaha saM0 1634 meM racI gaI hai| kartA tapAgaccha ke AcArya vimalasAgara aura dharmasAgara ke ziSya the| tIsarI racanA zIladevakRta tathA eka ajJAtakartRka racanA kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| isI taraha kezariyAjI mandira, jodhapura meM vIrakalaza ke ziSya sUracandrakRta sthUlabhadraguNamAlAmahAkAvya' kA ullekha milatA hai / kAlakAcAryakathA-kAlakAcArya ko kAlikAcArya bhI kahA gayA hai| yugapradhAna AcAryoM meM inakI jIvanI bar3I hI camatkArapUrNa mAnI gaI hai| prAcIna granthoM meM, yathA uttarAdhyayananiyukti aura cUrNi, bRhatkalpabhASya aura cUrNi, paMcakalpabhASya aura cUrNi, dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi, nizIthacUrNi, vyavahAracUrNi, AvazyakacUrNi tathA bhadrezvarakRta kahAvalI meM inake jIvana se sambandhita aneka ghaTanAoM kA varNana milatA hai| una ghaTanAoM meM se ujjainI ke gardabha rAjA kA uccheda, nigoda kI sUkSma vyAkhyA, suvarNabhUmigamana, AjIvikoM se nimitta zAstra kA adhyayana, anuyogoM kI racanA tathA sAtavAhana rAjA ko mathurA kA bhaviSya-kathana aitihAsika tatvavAlI ghaTanAyeM mAnI jAtI haiN| inakA samaya IsApUrva dvitIya aura prathama zatAbdI ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai| DA. umAkAnta premAnanda zAha ne inakA sAmya Arya zyAma se sthApita kiyA hai|' 7. jinaratnakoza, pR0 384, 458, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1911. 2. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, kharataragaccha sAhitya sUcI, pR0 26. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 86-88, ena. DablyU brAuna, sTorI oNpha kAlaka, vAziMgaTana, 1933; sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda dvArA prakAzita kAlakAcArya kathA; paMjAba vizvavidyAlaya patrikA meM 6 kathAnoM kA mUla aura DA. banArasIdAsa jaina kRta hindI anuvAda; kAlakAcArya-kathAsaMgraha, 1945. 4. DaoN0 zAha ne apane laghu graMtha 'suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya' meM prAcIna aura arvAcIna sAmagrI kA vizleSaNa kara yaha mata prakaTa kiyA hai ki arvAcIna sAmagrI meM aneka nAma vikRta haiM tathA kAlpanika bAteM jor3I gaI haiN|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kAlakAcArya ke kathAnaka ko lekara 11vIM zatAbdI ke bAda saMskRta - prAkRta meM anekoM racanAe~ yA to svatantra yA kisI na kisI kathAsaMgraha yA carita ke antargata kI gaI haiM / una sabakA saMgraha apane Apa meM eka bar3A sAhitya bana jAtA hai| isalie usakI eka rUpa-rekhA mAtra yahA~ prastuta kI jAtI hai : 250 1. kAlakAcAryakathA 2. 4. 5. nh nwnw 7. raa 9. 5. "" "S 9. 15 "" "" 3" "1 "" devacandrasUri ' ( saM0 1146 ) madhArI hemacandra ( 12vIM zatI ) ajJAtakartRka bRhad' racanA mahendrasUri vinayacandrasUri " devendrasUra rAmabhadrasUri bhAvadevasUra prabhAcandrasUri prAkRta 99 prAkRta ( saM0 1274 se pUrva ) saMskRta ( saM0 1286 ) ( 13vIM zatI ) ( 13vIM zatI ) ( saM0 1312 ) ( saM0 1334 ) 1. mUlazuddhiTIkAntargatA. 2. puSpamAlAntargatA. 3. 154 gAthAe~, granthAya 211. 4. 52 iloka; lekhaka pallivAlagaccha ke 48veM paTTadhara. 74 gAthAe~; lekhaka raviprabhasUri ke ziSya evaM pArzvanAthacarita aura mallinAthacarita Adi ke kartA. prAkRta saMskRta saMskRta una bAtoM ke AdhAra para ekAdhika kAlakArya mAnanA sambhavataH ucita nahIM / prAcIna sAmagrI ke vizleSaNa se yaha siddha hotA hai ki sabhI ghaTanAoM se sambaddha eka hI kAlaka the ( dekheM - jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI se prakAzita unakA ukta grantha ) / prAkRta saMskRta 6. 84 zloka ; lekhaka jagacandrasUri ke ziSya, anya zrAddhadinakRtya savRtti Adi aneka racanAe~. 19. 125 saMskRta padya; lekhaka kI anya racanA prabuddha rauhiNeya nATaka. 8. 99 gAthAe~; candrakula khaNDilagaccha ke yazobhadra lekhaka ke guru the, anya racanA pArzvanAthacarita. 156 saMskRta padya; lekhaka kI prasiddha kRti prabhAvakacarita ke antargata.

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(saM0 1398) (14vIM zatI) prAkRta prAkRta saMskRta paurANika mahAkAvya 10. kAlakAcAryakathA dharmaprabhasUri jayAnandasUri vinayacandra jinadevasUri' rAmacandrasUri somasundara dharmaghoSasUri' ajJAtakartRka (saM0 1412) (saM0 1458-1493) gujarAtI (saM0 1473) prAkRta (saM0 1490) prAkRta prAkRta saMskRta (saM0 1509) saMskRta (saM0 1566) zubhazIlagaNi11 devakallola12 1. 56 gAthAe; lekhaka aMcalagacchIya devendrasUri (svarga0 1320) ke ziSya, trailokyaprakAza, cUr3AmaNisAroddhAra ke racayitA. 2. 120 gAthAe; lekhaka tapAgaccha ke dharmasAgara ke ziSya somatilaka ke ziSya, anya racanA sthUlabhadracaritra. 3. 89 zloka; lekhaka ratnasiMhasUri ke ziSya evaM pardUSaNAkalpa, dIpamAlikA kalpa ke kartA. 4. 97 padya; jinaprabhasUri ke ziSya. 5. 17 saMskRta-prAkRta padya; lekhaka bRhadgacchIya devendrasUri ke ziSya jinacandra ke ziSya. 6. upadezamAlA ke antargata, gujarAtI gadya, apane yuga ke prabhAvaka bhAcArya, gujarAtI meM aneka grantha. 7. 105 gAthAeM; apara nAma dharmakIrti; devendrasUri ( svarga0 1320) ke ziSya, aneka stotroM ke kartA. 8. 144 gAthAeM. 9. 107 gAthAeM. 10. 65 zloka, gujarAtI TIkA sahita. 11. saMkSipta kathA 19 zlokoM meM; zubhazIlagaNi kI bharatezvara bAhubalivRtti se. 12. 104 zloka; lekhaka upakezagacchIya karmasAgara pAThaka ke ziSya the.

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saMskRta 23. . guNaratnasUra' 34. 36. 212 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 22. kAlakAcAryakathA ajJAta mANikyasUri' (16vIM zatI) kalyANatilaka (16vIM zatI) prAkRta kamalasaMyamopAdhyAya (16vIM zatI) saMskRta (16vIM zatI) jinacandrasUri' (saM0 1612) samayasundaropAdhyAya (saM0 1666) jayakIrti (17vIM zatI) kanakasoma (saM0 1632) jJAnamaru (17vIM zatI) 32. zivanidhAnopAdhyAya (17vIM zatI) jinalAbhasUri kIrticandra kulamaNDana kanakanidhAna (18vIM zatI) saMskRta 37. lakSmIvallabha (18vIM zatI) sumatihaMsa (saM0 1712) 1. 67 vividha chandoM kA acchA kAvya, lekhaka kA nAma vibudhatilaka anumAna kiyA jAtA hai. 2. 104 zloka, mANikyasUri 6-7 ho gaye haiM, lekhaka kA nirNaya karanA kaThina hai. 3. 56 gAthAeM, gujarAtI TIkA sahita; kharataragacchIya jinasamudrasUri ke ziSya. 4. pippalagacchIya, anya kucha jJAta nahIM. dekheM-pippalagaccha-gurvAvali, mA0 vijayavallabha smA0 grantha. 5. vRhatkharataragacchIya bhAcArya. 6. 37 saMskRta-prAkRta padya aura saMskRta gadyamayI racanA; lekhaka bRhatkharataragaccha ke sakalacandra ke ziSya, bhAvazataka ke racayitA. 7. vAdi harSavardhana ke ziSya. 8. mahisundara ke ziSya. - 9. lakSmIkIrti ke ziSya. 10. jinaharSasUri bhAyapakSIya ke ziSya,

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paurANika mahAkAvya 23 yahA~ sambhava nahIM ki upari nirdiSTa sabhI racanAoM aura lekhakoM kA paricaya diyA jAya / inameM se kaI eka kA paricaya ena. DablyU. brAuna ke sTorI Apha kAlaka meM tathA paM0 ambAlAla premacandra zAha ne kAlakAcAryakathA kI gujarAtI prastAvanA meM diyA hai / inameM se kaI acche AlaMkArika laghukAvya haiM / kathAnaka kA sAra-bhAratavarSa ke dharAvAsa nagara ke rAjA vairisiMha ke putra kAlakakumAra aneka kalAoM ke pAragAmI the| eka samaya guNAkarasUri se dharmabodha pAkara unhoMne jainI-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| pIche apane hI guru ke paTTadhara hokara pA~ca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha vihAra karane lge| kAlaka kI bahina sarasvatI bhI sAdhvI ho gii| para usake saundarya para rIjhakara ujjaina kA rAjA gardabhilla use apane antaHpura meM le gyaa| use bahuta samajhAyA gayA para saba vyartha gyaa| taba kAlakAcArya apavAda mArga grahaNakara sAdhuveza chor3a rAjA kA uccheda karane ke lie sindhudeza ke usa pAra se zaka rAjA ko le aaye| isase gardabhilla mArA gyaa| zaka rAjA ujjaina kA rAjA bnaa| kAlAntara meM usake vaMza kA uccheda kara vikramAditya rAjA bnaa| idhara kAlakAcArya ne prAyazcittakara punaH muniveza dhAraNakara deza-dezAntaroM meM bhramaNa kiyA / dakSiNa deza ke sAtavAhana rAjA ke anurodha para unhoMne payUSaNA kI paMcamI tithi ko badalakara caturthI kara diyaa| eka samaya unhoMne indra kI nigoda viSayaka zaMkAyeM dUra kii| ve apane duvinIta ziSya sAgarasUri ko upadeza dene suvarNabhUmi bhI gye| pIche unakA samAdhipUrvaka svargavAsa huaa| paravartI racanAoM meM varNita aneka ghaTanAoM ko satya mAna kucha vidvAnoM ne do kAlakAcAryoM kI kalpanA kI hai|' vanasvAmicarita-vajrasvAmI ke caritra para vajrasvAmikathA tathA vajrasvAmicaritra (prAkRta ) kA ullekha milatA hai| do apabhraMza racanAoM kA bhI isa sambandha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| unameM se eka kI racanA jinaharSasUri ne saM0 1319 meM kI thii| 1. dvivedI abhinandana grantha meM muni kalyANavijaya jI kA lekha / prathama kAlakA cArya, mahAvIra nirvANa saM0 300-306 meM tathA dUsare mahA0 ni0saM0425 ke lagabhaga aura 465 ke phle| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 340.

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214 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa pAdalitasUrikathA-pAdaliptasUri taraMgavatIkathA ke kartA mAne jAte haiN| inakA eka carita prAkRta gAthAoM meM nirmita hai|' prArambha 'asthi iha bharahavasi' se hotA hai| isakI prAcInatama hastalikhita prati saM0 1291 kI hai| anya pAdaliptasUrikathA (saMskRta) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / siddhasenacarita-sanmatitarka Adi granthoM ke kartA siddhasena para eka hastalikhita prati saM0 1291 kI pATana ke bhaNDAra meM milatI hai| yaha prAkRta mallavAdikathA-dvAdazAranayacakra ke kartA mallavAdo para bhI eka prAkRta racanA hai / isakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1291 kI milI hai| malayagiricarita-isa kRti kA ullekha milatA hai|" bappabhahicarita-gurjara pratihAra nareza AmanAgAvaloka-guru pAdalita para bhI kaI racanAe~ milatI haiN| unameM se eka kA dUsarA nAma appabhaTTasUriprabandha puNyapradIpa hai| isameM 700 padya (saMskRta) haiN| kartA kA nAma mANikyasUri hai| mANikyasUri nAma se 6-7 AcArya hue haiN| ye kauna haiM, nirNaya karanA kaThina hai| eka dUsarI racanA 'bapabhaTTikathA' 685 gAthAoM meM prAkRta meM upalabdha hai| isakI prAcInatama prati saM0 1291 kI milatI hai| rAjazekharasUri ke prabandhakoza se bhI lekara bappaTTicaritra alaga prakAzita huA hai| do ajJAtakatRka racanAoM kA bhI patA lagA hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 243, pATanasUcI, bhAga 1, pR0 194-5. 1. vahI. 3. vahI, pR. 438, pATanasUcI, bhAga 1, pR0 194-5. 4. vahI, pR. 302, pATanasUcI, bhAga 1, pR0 195-5. 5. vahI. 6. vahI, pR0 282. 7. vahI; pATanasUcI, bhAga 1, pR. 195. 1. bhAgamodaya samiti granthamAlA, paM0 46, bambaI, 1926. 9. jinaratnakoza, pR0 282.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 215 haribhadrasUricarita-haribhadrasUri ke carita para svataMtra racanAoM meM dhanezvarasUri ( 12vIM zatI) kRta ullekhanIya hai / isakA sampAdana paM0 haragovinda dAsa ne vArANasI meM kiyA thaa|' anya do racanAoM-haribhadrakathA evaM haribhadraprabandha-kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| 16-17vIM zatAbdI ke tapAgacchIya vidvAn muniyoM ne apane gaccha ke anekoM prabhAvaka gurujanoM ke guNa-kIrtana meM kAvyAtmaka zailI meM mahattvapUrNa caritra-grantha likhe haiN| ve una mahApuruSoM ke AdhyAtmika jIvana evaM dhArmika kRtyoM kA varNana karate haiM isaliye paurANika kAvyoM kI zreNI meM Ate haiM phira bhI unameM tatkAlIna rAjanItika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika pravRttiyoM kA acchA citraNa hone se ve aitihAsika mahattva ke kAvya bhI mAne jAte haiN| jaina sAhitya meM saM0 1456-1500 taka somasundara yuga, saM0 1601 se 1700 taka hairaka yuga tathA saM0 1701 se 1743 taka yazovijaya yuga meM prabhAvaka AcAryoM para isa prakAra kI aneka kRtiyA~ racI gyiiN| unakA yahA~ saMkSipta paricaya dete haiN| unake zAstrIya mahAkAvyatva aura aitihAsika mahAkAvyatva kA digdarzana una prasaMgoM meM Age kreNge| somasaubhAgyakAvya-tapAgaccha ke yuga-pradhAna somasundarasUri para do-tIna jIvanacaritra milate haiN| pahalA to 10 sargAtmaka somasundara ke hI ziSya pratiSThAsoma ne saM0 1524 meM (granthAna 1300 zloka-pramANa) racA thaa| dUsarA tapAgacchIya lakSmIsAgara ke ziSya sumatisAdhu ne likhA thaa| isakA racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai| sumatisAdhu kA svargavAsa saM0 1551 meM huA thaa| isase yaha racanA isake pUrva avazya racita huI hai| sumatisAdhu ke caritra para bhI eka sumatisambhavakAvya saM0 1547-1551 ke bIca likhA gayA thaa| eka ajJAtakatrtaka tIsare somasaubhAgyakAvya kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 459. 2. vahI, pR0 453; isakA sAra 'jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa', pR0 451-461 meM diyA gayA hai| 3. vahI. 4. vahI.

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa guruguNaratnAkarakAvya-isameM tapAgaccha ke paTTadhara lakSmIsAgarasUri (saM0 1517-1547 gacchanAyaka) kA jIvanavRtta cAra sargoM meM varNita hai|' yaha saMskRta meM hai| isakA aitihAsika vivecana anyatra diyA jAyagA / __ kartA evaM racanA-samaya-isakI racanA lakSmIsAgara ke paTTakAla meM hI saM0 1541 meM somacaritragaNi ne kI hai| prazasti meM granthakartA ne paricaya dete hue apanI guruparamparA meM likhA hai ki ve tapAgaccha ke somasundarasUri ke ziSya somadevasUri aura unake ziSya caritrahaMsagaNi ke ziSya the| sumatisambhava-isameM tapAgacchIya vidvAn kavi sumatisAdhu kA jIvanacarita nibaddha karane kA upakrama kiyA gayA hai para kAvya-nAyaka ke viSaya meM isase adhika jAnakArI nahIM hotii| isase kahIM adhika upayogI sAmagrI mANDavagar3ha ke dhanADya vyApArI saMghapati jAvar3a kI sAmAjika pratiSThA tathA dharmaniSThA ke viSaya meM milatI hai / isakI carcA aitihAsika kAvyoM ke prasaMga meM kI jaaygii| ___racayitA aura racanAkAla-isakI racanA sarvavijayagaNi ne kI hai jo zivahema ke ziSya aura jinamANikya ke chAtra the| isakA racanAkAla ajJAta hai para prAcIna pratilipi saM0 1554 kI likhI milI hai| isameM saM0 1547 meM jAvar3a dvArA pratimA-pratiSThA kA varNana hai| para sumatisAdhu ke svargArohaNa ( saM0 1551 ) kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kAvya saM0 1547 ke bAda tathA saM0 1551 ke pUrva racA gayA hogaa| sarvavijayagaNi kI anya racanA 'daza zrAvakacarita' milatI hai| jagadgurukAvya-isakA graMthAgra 233 zloka-pramANa hai / isameM saMskRtachandoM meM tapAgaccha ke hIravijayasUri kI jIvanI varNita hai / saM0 1641 meM bAdazAha jinaratnakoza, pR0 106; yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 24, vIra saM0 2437. isake cAroM sargoM kA sAra 'jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' pR0 496-502 meM mo0 da. desAI ne diyA hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 446, isakI eka mAtra prati eziyATika sosAiTI mApha baMgAla, kalakattA meM surakSita hai (prati-saMkhyA 7305) / isa kAvya ke paricaya ke lie gaMgAnagara ke pro. satyavata tRSita kA AbhArI huuN| 3. ise harSakulagaNi ne IDara meM likhavAI thI : saMvat 1554 varSe zrIiladurga_mahAnagare harSakulagaNayaH sumatisambhavamalIlikhallekhakena / 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 128; yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, saM0 14, bhAvanagara.

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paurANika mahAkAvya akabara ne hIravijaya ko jagadguru kI upAdhi dI thii| isakI racanA vimalasAgaragaNi ke ziSya padmasAgaragaNi ne mAMgarola ( saurASTra ) meM rahakara saM0 1646 meM kI thI / padmasAgara kI anya kRtiyoM meM tilakamaMjarIvRtti, yazodharacaritra, uttarAdhyayanakathAsaMgraha, pramANaprakAza saTIka, dharmaparIkSA Adi milate haiN| kRpArasakoza-yaha bhI hIravijayasUri ke jIvana se sambaddha racanA hai| isameM hIravijaya ke upadeza se bAdazAha ne jo dayAmaya kArya kiye the unakA varNana hai / kAvya meM 128 zloka haiN| isakI racanA tapAgacchIya sakalacandra upAdhyAya ke ziSya zAnticandra upAdhyAya ne saM0 1646-48 ke bIca kI thii| isa para unake ziSya ratnacandragaNi ne eka vRtti likhI thii| isakA ullekha vRttikAra ne adhyAtmakalpadruma aura samyaktvasaptati meM kiyA hai| hIrasaubhAgyamahAkAvya-isameM hIravijayasUri kA jIvana tathA unake dhArmika kArya, prabhAvanA, akabara bAdazAha se samparka Adi prasaMga vistAra se diye gaye haiN| yaha kAvya satraha sargoM kA vRhat kAvya hai jisake adhikAMza sargoM meM sau se adhika padya haiN| caudahaveM sarga meM yaha saMkhyA 300 taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| yaha kAvya zrIharSa ke naiSadhamahAkAvya ko Adarza banAkara likhA gayA hai para usa jaisA durUha aura durbodha nahIM hai| isake mahAkAvyatva aura aitihAsikatA para pIche ukta prasaMgoM para prakAza ddaaleNge| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isakI racanA tapAgacchIya siMhavimalagaNi ke ziSya devavimala ne sukhabodhA nAmaka skhopazavRtti ke sAtha kI hai| isakI racanA kA AraMbha to hIravijayasUri ke samaya meM hI ho gayA thA aisA dharmasAgaragaNi kI paTTAvali se mAlUma hotA hai para isakI samApti vijayadevasUri ke zAsanakAla meM hI ho sakI isalie yaha saM0 1672 se saM0 1685 ke bIca meM hI bana sakA hai| devavimala ke guru bar3e prabhAvaka the| unhoMne sthAnasiMha nAmaka ajaina vyakti ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA jo poche AgarA ke pramukha jainoM meM eka thaa| devavimalakRta hIrasaubhAgya ke AdhAra se RSabhadAsa kavi ne saM0 1685 meM gujarAtI meM hIravijayasUrirAsa kI racanA kI thii| hIrasaubhAgya 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 95, kAntivijaya itihAsamAlA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1973. 2. vahI, pR0 95. 3. vahI, pR0 461; kAvyamAlA, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1900.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kAvya kA saMzodhana upAdhyAya kalyANavijaya ke ziSya dhanavijaya vAcaka ne kiyA thA / 218 vijayaprazastikAvya - isa kAvya ke 16 sargoM kI racanA karane ke bAda kavi kA svargavAsa ho gayA isase guNavijaya ne antima pA~ca sarga jor3akara ise 21 sargAtmaka kRti banAyA hai / isameM kula milAkara 1709 padya haiN| ye vividha chandoM meM nirmita haiM / isameM tapAgaccha ke hIravijaya, vijayasena aura vijayadevasUri ke carita kA kAvyAtmaka zailI meM varNana hai / isake mahAkAvyatva aura aitihAsika mahatva kI carcA pIche kI jAyagI / kAvyakartA aura racanAkAla - isakI racanA kamalavijayagaNi ke ziSya hemavijayagaNi ne saM0 1681 meM kI hai| ye satrahavIM zatI ke mahAn lekhaka the / inakI anya racanAoM meM pArzvanAthamahAkAvya, kathAratnAkara, anyoktimuktAmahodadhi, kIrtikallolinI, sUktiratnAvalI, vijayastuti Adi milate haiM / sabhI granthoM ke pIche kavi ne apanA tathA grantha kA paricaya diyA hai / vijayaprazakti ke pIche to sabhI granthoM kA ullekha padyoM meM kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya para kanakavijaya ke ziSya aura antima pA~ca sargoM ke kartA guNavijaya ne eka saMskRta TIkA likhI hai jisakA parimANa 10000 zloka hai / vaha TIkA vi0 saM0 1688 meM likhI gaI thI / vijayadevamAhAtmya -- isameM 19 sarga haiM jinameM vividha chandoM meM nirmita 1795 padya haiN| isameM hIravijayasUri ke praziSya aura vijayasenasUri ke ziSya vijayadeva kA jIvanavRtta kAvyAtmaka zailI meM diyA gayA hai| isake aitihAsika mahattva kI carcA ukta prasaMga meM kI jAyagI / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - - isa kAvya ke praNetA bRhatkharataragacchIya jinarAjasUri-santAnIya pAThaka jJAnavimala ke ziSya zrIvallabha upAdhyAya haiM / isakA racanAsamaya ajJAta hai kintu isakI prAcIna hastalikhita prati saM0 1709 kI milatI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki mUla grantha pahale banA hogA | 1. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, saM0 23, bhAvanagara, vIra saM0 2437, TIkA sahita; jinaratnakoza, pR0 354-355. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 354; jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka samiti, ahamadA paNDitazrI zrIraGgasomagaNiziSya muniso magaNinA bAda, 1928. 3. likhito'yaM granthaH saM0 1709 varSe... 1

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paurANika mahAkAvya 219 isa para tapAgaccha ke kRpAvijayagaNi ke ziSya meghavijayagaNi ne vivaraNa likhA hai jisameM kaThina zabdoM kA artha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / meghavijayagaNi kA paricaya pahale de cuke haiN| __ bhAnucandragaNicarita-vAcaka sakalacandra ke do ziSya sUracandra aura zAnticandra the| sUracandra ke bhAnucandra nAmaka prabhAvaka ziSya the / bhAnucandra ke caritra para isa kAvya kA nirmANa cAra prakAzoM meM kiyA gayA hai| ina prakAzoM meM kramazaH 128, 187, 76 aura 358 saMskRta padya haiN|' yaha caritakAvya anuSTupa chandoM meM racA gayA hai para yatra-tatra anya chandoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| yaha kAvya mugala samrATa akabara ke antima varSoM aura jahA~gIra ke samaya (san 1605-1627) meM bhAnucandra dvArA kiye gaye prabhAvanA kAryoM tathA anya bAtoM para prakAza DAlatA hai jinapara aitihAsika kAvyoM ke prasaMga meM carcA kreNge| kAvyakartA aura racanA-samaya-isakI racanA bhAnucandra ke hI ziSya tathA unake aneka sAhityika anuSThAnoM ke sahayogI siddhicandragaNi ne kI thii| isakA racanA-saMvat jJAta nahIM hotA phira bhI yaha samakAlika racanA mAlUma hotI hai| apane guru kI bhA~ti siddhicandra apane yuga ke mahAn sAhityakAra the| unakI aneka racanAyeM milatI haiM : kAdambarI uttarArdhaTIkA, zobhanastutiTIkA, kAvyaprakAzakhaNDana, vAsavadattATIkA Adi 19 kRtiyaaN| samrATa jahA~gIra ne siddhicandra ko khuza-phahama ( tIkSNabuddhi ) kI upAdhi dI thii| devAnandamahAkAvya-yaha mAghakRta zizupAlavadha para Azrita sAta sargoM kA. pAdapUrti kAvya hai jisakA varNana pAdapUrti kAvyoM meM kreNge| isameM hIravijaya ke. praziSya vijayadevasUri kA jIvana-caritra diyA gayA hai| isakI racanA kRpAvijayagaNi ke ziSya meghavijayagaNi ne saM0 1755 meM kI hai| meghavijaya kA paricaya anyatra diyA gayA hai| digvijayakAvya-isameM 13 sarga haiM jinameM vividha chandoM meM 1294 padya haiN| isameM tapAgaccha ke vijayaprabhasUri kA carita-varNana hai| isake prAraMbhika 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 294; siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 17, saM0 1997. . 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 179, yazovijaya jena graMthamAlA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1969; siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granyAMka 7, 1937. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 171; siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 14, 1945.

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220 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pA~ca sargoM meM unake guru vijayadeva kA caritra bhI diyA gayA hai| yaha bhI eka aitihAsika mahattva kA kAvya hai| isakA ukta prasaMga meM varNana kreNge| isake racayitA ukta meghavijayagaNi haiM / racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai / vijayollAsamahAkAvya-yaha eka ajJAta kRti thI jisakI apUrNa prati saurASTra ke jUnAgar3ha zahara ke jJAnabhaNDAra se milI hai| isake kartA mahopAdhyAya yazovijaya ( 17.18vIM zatA0 ) haiM jo aneka granthoM ke racayitA haiN| isameM zrI hIravijayasUri kI paramparA meM vijayadevasUri ke ziSya vijayasiMhasUri kA jIvanavRtta varNita hai| grantha kA prAraMbha aiM namaH se hotA hai aura tIna maMgalAcaraNa zlokoM ke prAraMbha meM aiMkAra sAraM, aindaM prakAzaM aura aiMkAramArAdhayatAm zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / cauthe padya se yamakAlaMkAra yukta bhASA kA prayoga huA hai| isake bAda vijayasiMhasUri kA nAmollekhapUrvaka carita prArambha hotA hai aura kevala pahale saga meM 102 dalokoM meM pUrNa hotA hai| sargAnta meM kaI zloka vividha chandoM meM likhe gaye haiN| sarga ke anta meM 'iti zrIvijayollAse vijayAGkamahAkAvye prathamasargaH' likhA hai| kharataragacchIya AcAryoM ke jIvanacaritra: terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke katipaya kharataragacchIya AcAryoM ke samakAlika racayitAoM dvArA likhe gaye laghucarita' upalabdha hote haiM jo prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha dhArmika kAvyoM ke acche namUne haiN| sAtha hI unase katipaya aitihAsika mahattva kI bAteM bhI prakaTa hotI haiN| jinapatisUri-paMcAsikA-isameM maNidhArI jinacandra (2) sUri ke ziSya jinapati kA 55 gAthAoM meM mAtA-pitA, nagara Adi ke nAma ke sAtha janma (saM0 1210), dIkSA evaM AcAryapada (saM0 1223) taka kA caritra varNita hai| isake racayitA ne apanA nAma prakaTa nahIM kiyA hai para 'jiNavaiNo niyaguruNo' vAkya se jinapati kA ziSya honA prakaTa kiyA hai| jinapati SaTtriMzat vAda 1. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotvava grantha, khaNDa 2, bambaI, 1968, pR. 233-235. 2. jinabhadrasUrisvAdhyAyapustikA (aprakAzita), ajImagaMja kI bar3I posAla meM saM0 1490 meM likhI prati.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 221 vijetA mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne zAkaMbharI nareza ( pRthvIrAja ) ke darabAra meM jayapatra pAyA thA / jinezvarasUri- catuHsaptatikA -- isameM 74 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM jinapati ke ziSyajinezvarasUri ke mAtA-pitA, nagara ke nAma ke sAtha janma ( saM0 1245 ), dIkSA evaM AcAryapada ( saM0 1278 ) kA varNana hai / ye lakSaNa, pramANa aura zAstrasiddhAnta ke pAragAmI the / inheM 34 varSa kI Ayu meM gacchAdhipatipada milA thA / inhoMne zatruMjaya Adi aneka tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI thI / yaha eka ajJAtakartRka racanA hai | jinaprabodhasUri- catuHsaptatikA - isameM 74 gAthAoM meM jinezvarasUri ke ziSya jinaprabodha ke pUrva kramAnusAra janma ( saM0 1285 ), dIkSA evaM AcAryapada (saM0 1331) kA varNana hai / ye bar3e vidvAn evaM prabhAvaka gacchanAyaka the / inhoMne kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa para durgapadapraboghaTIkA vi0 saM0 1328 meM banAyI thI aura vivekasamudragaNikRta puNyasArakathA kA saMzodhana kiyA thaa| inakA svargavAsa saM0 1341 meM huA thA / isa caritra ke racayitA vivekasamudragaNi haiM jo unhIM ke saMgha meM vAcanAcArya the aura puNyasArakathA ke kartA the / jinacandrasUri - catuHsaptatikA -- isameM 74 gAthAoM meM jinaprabodha ke ziSya jinacandra ( 3 ) kA carita varNita hai|' ye bar3e prabhAvaka AcArya the| inhoMne apane yuga ke cAra rAjAoM ko pratibodhita kiyA thA / inheM saM0 1341 meM AcArya. pada milA thA tathA inakA saM0 1376 meM svargavAsa huA thA / isakI racanA unake hI ziSya jinakuzalasUri ne kI thI / jinakuzalasUri-cahattarI - isameM 74 gAthAoM meM jinacandra ( 3 ) ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara jinakuzalasUri ke janma ( vi0 saM0 1337 ), dIkSA ( saM0 1346 ), vAcanAcAryapada (saM0 1375 ) evaM AcAryapada ( saM0 1377 ) kA varNana hai / inakA svargavAsa saM0 1389 meM huA thA / inhoMne apane paTTakAla meM nAnA nagaroM- dezoM meM vihAra kara jaina dharma ko bar3I hI pratiSThA pradAna kI thI / isakI racanA unhIM ke ziSya AcArya taruNaprabha ne kI hai / jinalabdhisUri-cahattarI - jinalabdhisUri ke sambandha meM prApta adyAvadhi sAmagrI meM yahI prAmANika aura vistRta hai / jinalabdhi kA janma saM0 1360 meM 1. dAdA jinakuzalasUri ke pariziSTa meM zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne prakAzita kI hai /

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222 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa huA thA aura dIkSA jinacandrasUri (3) se saM0 1370 meM milI thI, inakA nAma labdhinidhAna thaa| saM0 1388 meM jinakuzalasUri ne inheM upAdhyAyapada diyA thaa| saM0 1389 meM jinakuzalasUri kA svargavAsa huA aura saM0 1390 meM unake svargavAsa ke lagabhaga 3 // mAha bAda padmamUrti kSullaka ko jinapadma nAma se paTTapada milA thaa| 10 varSa bAda saM0 1400 meM inhIM jinapadmasUri ke pada para labdhinidhAnopAdhyAya ko jinalabdhisUri nAma se paTTapada milA thaa| unakA svargavAsa saM0 1404 meM huA thaa| isa carita kI racanA unake hI satIrthya taruNaprabhasUri ne hI kI hai| jinalabdhisUri para cAra gAthAoM meM jinalabdhisUri-stUpanamaskAra aura ATha gAthAoM meM jinalabdhisUri-nAgapura-stUpa-stavana nAmaka saMkSipta' kRtiyA~ bhI milatI haiM jinameM unake mAtA-pitA ke nAma, janma, dIkSA, upAdhyAya, AcAryapada, svargavAsa Adi bAteM ullikhita haiN| jinalabdhisUri aneka stotroM ke lekhaka the| jinakRpAcandrasUrIzvaracarita-isameM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke kharataragacchIya AcArya kRpAcandrasUri kA jIvanavRtta diyA gayA hai jisameM 5 saga haiM aura kula milAkara vividha chandoM meM 1570 padya haiN| kRpAcandrasUri kA janma saM0 1913 meM huA thA, 1936 meM dIkSA, 1982 meM AcAryapada aura 1994 meM svargavAsa huA thaa| yaha kAvya vividha chandoM se vibhUSita hai| sargoM meM sthala-sthala para chanda-parivartana kiye gaye haiN| 1. 'jinabhadrasUrisvAdhyAyapustikA' jisase ki uparyukta racanAeM prApta huI haiM, prabhAvaka evaM suprasiddha AcArya jinabhadrasUri dvArA hI saMkalita pustikA hai| ukta sUri ne hI jaisalamera, khaMbhAta, pATana, jAlaura, nAgaura Adi sthAnoM meM jJAnabhaNDAra sthApita kiye the aura aneka tIrtha-mandiroM kI pratiSThAeM karAI thiiN| isakI puSpikA isa prakAra hai : saM0 1490 varSe mArgazira sudi * guraudine zatabhiSA nakSatre haraSaNayoge zrIvidhimArgIya suguru zrIjinarAjasUri dIkSitena parama bhaTTAraka prabhuzrImajjinabhadrasUri AtmanamavabodhArtha zrIsajjhAyapustikA saMpUrNA jaataa|--mhaaviir vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha, khaNDa 1, baMbaI, 1968, pR025-36 meM zrI bhagaracanda evaM bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA kA lekha. . 2. jinakRpAcandrasUri jJAnabhaNDAra, pAlItAnA se saM0 1995 meM prakAzita.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 223 racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA kRpAcandra ke ziSya jayasAgarasUri haiN| graMtha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti meM inhoMne apanA janma saM0 1943, dIkSA saM0 1956, upAdhyAyapada saM0 1976 va AcAryapada saM0 1990 meM pAlItAnA meM honA likhA hai / prastuta kAvya kI racanA saM0 1994 meM phAlguna sudI 13 ko pAlItAnA meM kI gaI thii| bIsavIM zatAbdI ke upAdhyAya labdhimuni ne apane gaccha ke pUrva AcAryoM ke carita para ATha saMskRta kAvyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| ve ye haiM : 1. yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri (6 sarga, 1212 zloka) saM0 1992 2. jinakuzalasUricarita (633 padya) saM0 1996 3. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri' (201 zloka ) saM0 1998 4. jinadattasUricaritra (468 zloka ) saM0 2005 5. jinaratnasUricaritra saM0 2011 6. jinayazaHsUricaritra saM0 2012 7. jinaRddhisUricaritra saM0 2014 8. mohanalAlajI mahArAja sa0 2015 prabhAvaka AcAryoM ke samAna hI jainadharma ke poSaka evaM saMvardhaka narezoM, mantriyoM, dhanI seThoM-sAhUkAroM evaM zrAvakoM ke caritoM ko bhI jaina kaviyoM ne apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai| unameM se kucha racanAoM kA paricaya prastuta hai| kumArapAlacarita: gujarAta kA caulukya nareza kumArapAla vaise zaivadharmI thA para AcArya hemacandra aura tatkAlIna anekoM jaina dhanikoM aura vidvAnoM ke kAraNa usane jainadharma aura siddhAntoM ko samajhane, unakA anusaraNa karane evaM pracAra karane meM bar3A hI yogadAna diyA thaa| jaina vidvAnoM ne isake carita ko lekara mahAkAvya, laghukAvya, nATaka, prabandha, kathAgraMtha Adi likhe haiN| unameM se aneka samakAlika hone se aitihAsika mahattva ke haiM aura pazcAtkAla meM zrotAoM kI ruci bar3hAne ke lie 1. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha meM ina racanAoM kA ullekha hai|

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225 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ahiMsA Adi ke mahattva ko batalAne ke lie mAtra dhArmika kAvya-rUpa meM likhe gaye haiM jinameM cittavismayotpAdaka bAteM bhI samAviSTa haiN| samakAlika vizAla racanAoM meM sarvaprathama kumArapAla aura usake vaMza kA varNana karanevAlA caritra hemacandrAcAryakRta dvathAzrayamahAkAvya (10 sagaM saMskRta meM, 8 sarga prAkRta meM ) milatA hai / usakA vivecana hama aitihAsika evaM zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM meM kreNge| dvitIya kumArapAlapratibodha ( somaprabhakRta ) hai jo pradhAnataH kathAkoza hI hai| usakA paricaya kathAkozoM ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| pazcAtkAlIna laghu racanAoM kA saMgraha muni jinavijayajI ne 'kumArapAlacaritrasaMgraha' nAma se prakAzita karA diyA hai / inake atirikta pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha aura uttarArdha meM do bar3e caritagraMtha bhI likhe gaye haiN| unameM kumAra. pAlabhUpAlacarita' kI racanA mahendrasUri ke ziSya jayasiMhasUri ne 10 sargoM (6053 padyoM) meM kI hai| isa kAvya meM aitihAsika aura paurANika donoM zailiyoM kA sammizraNa huA hai| paurANika zailI ke mahAkAvyoM kI taraha isake prArambha meM nAyaka kI vaMza-paramparA kA varNana hai tathA antima sarga meM kumArapAla ke pUrvajanmoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / sthAna-sthAna para jaina dharma ke upadeza vidyamAna haiN| ina upadezoM meM aneka avAntara kathAe~ garbhita haiN| mUla kathAnaka meM hemacandra aura kumArapAla sambandhI aneka alaukika aura atiprAkRtika ghaTanAoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| sambhavataH hemacandra kI mRtyu ke bAda unake sambandha meM aneka alaukika, camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAe~ zraddhAlu janatA meM phaila gayI hoM aura unhIM kiMvadantiyoM kA upayoga kavi ne apane isa graMtha-nirmANa meM kiyA ho| isa kAvya se prApta aitihAsika tathyoM kA varNana aitihAsika kAvyoM ke prasaMga meM kreNge| kAvyatva kI dRSTi se kartA ne kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita ko ghaTanA-pradhAna kAvya banAyA hai| isase isameM vividha rasoM kA acchA paripAka milatA hai| kAvya kI bhASA sarala aura pravAhayukta hai| isameM dezI bhASA se prabhAvita zabdoM kA prayoga adhika huA hai| isameM alaMkAroM kA prayoga kama huA hai phira bhI sAdRzyamUlaka 1. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, graMthAMka 41, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1956. 2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 92, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1915, godIjI jaina upAzraya, bambaI, 1926.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 225 upamA, utprekSA aura arthAntaranyAsa to yatra-tatra dekhe jAte haiM / isameM anuSTubh chanda kA hI adhika vyavahAra huA hai| kevala 116 padya vividha chandoM kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake kartA jayasiMha sUra haiM jo kRSNarSigaccha ke the / prazasti meM guruparamparA bhI dI gaI hai| tadanusAra kRSNarSigaccha meM jayasiMhasUri prathama hue jinhoMne saM0 1301 meM marubhUmi meM mantra ke prabhAva se jalavarSA karake saMgha ko navajIvana pradAna kiyA thaa| inake ziSya prasannacandra hue| unake ziSya mahendrasUri hue jinakA sammAna bAdazAha muhammadazAha ne kiyaa| prastuta kAvya ke kartA inhIM ke ziSya the| jayasiMhasUri ke hI ziSya nayacandrasUri the jinhoMne hammIramahAkAvya jaise aitihAsika grantha kI racanA kI / nayacandrasUri ne ukta mahAkAvya kI prazasti meM jayasiMhasUri ko SaTabhASAcakrI sAraMga ( hammIra ke rAjapaNDita) ko harAnevAlA tathA nyAyasAraTIkA kA kartA tathA navyavyAkaraNa kA kartA mAnA hai| ye jayasiMhasUri hammIramadamardana ke kartA se bhinna haiN| prastuta carita vi0 saM0 1422 meM banakara samApta huA thaa|' pandrahavIM zatI ke uttarAdha kA kAvya hai kumArapAlaprabandha / yaha eka gadya-padya mizrita racanA hai| ise jinamaNDanagaNi ne vi0 saM0 1492 meM pUrNa kiyA hai|' unhoMne apane isa grantha kI sAmagrI mukhyarUpa se prabandhacintAmaNi aura kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita se lI hai aura pichale grantha se to binA ullekha ke aneka padya khule rUpa meM uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, yadyapi yaha grantha gadya meM likhA gayA hai| ukta do granthoM ke sivAya jinamaNDana ne prabhAvakacarita aura eka prAkRta-grantha kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai jisakA milAna nahIM ho sakA hai| usane moharAjaparAjaya kA sAra bhI diyA hai aura aisA samajha liyA hai ki ukta nATaka se sambaddha ghaTanA mAnoM vAstava meM huI ho| jayasiMhasUri ne ise pahale hI sAra rUpa meM diyA hai aura saMbhavataH jayasiMha ke grantha se isameM nakala kI gaI ho| vAstava meM jinamaNDana kI yaha racanA Upara nirdiSTa granthoM se cune aMzoM kA zithila saMgraha hai| 1. zrI vikramanRpAd dvi dvi manvabde(1422)'yamajAyat / granthaH sasaptatrizatI SaT sahasrANyanuSTubhAm // 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 93; mAtmAnanda jaina sabhA, granyAMka 34, bhAvanagara, saM0 1971.

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226 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vaise to eka itihAsa-lekhaka bhI niHsandeha apanI sAmagrI vibhinna srotoM se ekatra karatA hai, parantu jinamaNDana meM guNa-doSavivecaka yogyatA kA abhAva hai aura unake zrama kA phala una saba truTiyoM se bharA hai jo avizvasanIya srotoM se ekatra tathyoM vAle saMgraha meM hotI haiM / isa kAvya meM hemacandrAcArya ke sambaMdha meM kucha kalpita bAteM kahI gaI haiM jaise - pahalI hemacandrasUri ke saMgIta - jJAna kI, dUsarI hemacandrasUri ke ajaina zAstroM ke Thosa jJAna kI, tIsarI hemacandrasUri ne pazu - balidAna ke anaucitya ko kaise siddha kiyA, cauthI hemacandra ke prazaMsakoM ko rAjA kI ora se upahAra milatA thA / isake kartA jinamaMDanagaNi tapAgaccha ke prabhAvaka AcArya somasundara sUri ke ziSya the / unhoMne prastuta kRti kI racanA saM0 1491-92 meM kI thI / unakI anya racanAe~ haiM dharmaparIkSA evaM zrAddhaguNasaMgraha - vivaraNa ( saM0 1498 ) / vastupAla - tejapAlacarita : gujarAta ke baghela vaMzIya nareza vIradhavala ke do sahodara maMtriyoM--vastupAla evaM tejapAla kI kIrti - gAthAoM ko lekara unake samakAla tathA pazcAt kAla meM jitane kAvya, nATaka, prabaMdha aura prazastiyAM likhI gaI haiM utanI zAyada hI bhArata ke kisI anya rAjapuruSa ke lie likhI gaI hoM / inameM aneka to aitihAsika mahattva kI haiM aura kucha zAstrIya mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM haiM / hama unakA vivecana una prasaMgoM meM kreNge| inake dhArmika kAryoM ke varNana ke lie samakAlika AcArya udayaprabha ne dharmAbhyudayakAvya aparanAma saMghapaticarita nirmita kiyA hai / vaha eka prakAra se kathAkoza hai ataH usakA paricaya kathAkozoM ke prasaMga meM de rahe haiM / ina donoM maMtrI-bhrAtAoM ke caritra para pazcAt kAla ( arthAt do sau varSa bAda) meM eka svataMtra racanA jinaharSagaNikRta vastupAlacarita ( saM0 1441 ) milatA hai / isameM vastupAla - tejapAla ke sambaMdha kI upalabdha pUrva sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakI vizeSa carcA aitihAsika kAvyoM meM kareMge / vimalamaMtricarita : isameM gujarAta ke caulukya nareza bhIma ( prathama ) ke nagaraseTha evaM pradhAna senApati vimalazAha poravADa ( vi0 saM0 11vIM kA pUrvArdha ) ke dhArmika kAryoM kA varNana hai / 9. kumArapAlaprabaMdha, pR0 37, 40, 49.

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paurANika mahAkAvya 227 racayitA evaM racanAkAla isakI racanA paNDita indrahaMsagaNi ne saM0 1578 meM kI thii| inakI racanA kA AdhAra AcArya lAvaNyavijaya dvArA saM0 1568 meM gujarAtI meM nirmita vimalaprabaMdha hai| para granthakAra ne anya dUsarI sAmagrI kA upayoga bhI isameM kiyA hai| vimalazAha ke sambaMdha kI jo purAnI prazaMsAe~ ajJAtaprAya haiM aura jo kucha prazastiyoM meM avaziSTa haiM unameM se kucha kA upayoga kavi ne prastuta kRti meM kiyA hai| vimala maMtrI para saM0 1578 meM saubhAgyanandi dvArA viracita kRti kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isakA bhI AdhAra lAvaNyasabhaya kA gujarAtI grantha hai| vimala maMtrI para racita ye kRtiyAM sAmayika nahIM haiM, isalie inakA aitihAsika mahattva vicAraNIya hai| jagaDUcaritaH ___isameM 13-14vIM zatAbdI meM hue prasiddha jainazrAvaka jagaDUzAha ra carita varNita hai| isa laghu kAvya meM 7 sarga haiM jinameM 388 zloka haiN| kAvya meM jagaDU ke aneka dhArmika kAryoM tathA paropakAritA kA varNana hai| isameM aneka aitihAsika prasaMga haiM jinakI carcA anyatra kI jAyagI / ___ kaviparicaya evaM racanAkAla-isake pratyeka sarga ke anta meM dI huI puSpikA se jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA dhanaprabhasUri ke ziSya sarvAnanda the| kAvya ke anta meM aisI koI prazasti nahIM dI gaI hai jisase kavi kA vizeSa paricaya aura racanAkAla jAnA jA ske| phira bhI kAvya ke prAraMbha meM kavi ne likhA hai ki 'guru ke vacanoM ko smaraNa karake maiM jagahU ke uttama carita kI racanA karatA huuN|' isase yahI jJAta hotA hai ki kavi jagaDU ke samaya to nahIM hI huA hai| usane jagaDU ke pAvana kAryoM kA vivaraNa guru ke mukha se hI sunA thaa| saMbhavataH kavi ke guru dhanaprabhasUri jagaDU ke samakAlIna rahe hoM aura unhoMne jagahU ke 1. jinarasnakoza, pR0 358, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara / prastuta bhAga ke pR0 104 meM isa racanA ko 13veM tIrthakara vimalanAtha se sambaddha mAnanA bhUla hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0358; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 360 para TippaNa. 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 128; ma0 da0 khakkhara, bambaI, 1896 meM prakAzita.

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228 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa puNya-kAryoM kA AkhoM dekhA vivaraNa apane ziSya ko sunAyA ho jisase prabhAvita ho kavi ne isa kAvya kI racanA tatkAla arthAt sunane ke anantara mUla ghaTanA ke 30-40 varSa bAda saM0 1350 ke lagabhaga kI ho| zrI mohanalAla dalIcandra desAI ne isa kAvya kA racanAkAla vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI mAnA hai| agaDUzAha para eka anya kRti jagaDUzAhaprabaMdha' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / sukRtasAgara: yaha 8 sargoM kA laghu saMskRta kAvya hai jisameM kula milAkara 1372 zloka haiN| isameM mANDoMgaDha ( mAlavA ) ke caudahavIM sadI ke pUrvArdha meM hae prasiddha jaina vaNika pethaDa (pRthvIdhara ) aura usake putra jhAMjhaNa ke sukRta kAryoM kA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai| ina donoM pitA-putra kA paricaya upadezataraMgiNI meM tathA pRthvIdharaprabaMdha meM bhI saMkSepa meM diyA gayA hai| yaha kAvya apane yuga kI dhArmika prabhAvanA batalAne ke lie bar3A hI upayogI hai| yaha tatkAlIna jaina tIrthoM ke mahattva kA bhI digdarzaka hai|' pRthvIdharaprabaMdha: ise jhaMjhaNaprabaMdha yA pethaDaprabaMdha' bhI kahate haiN| isameM ukta pRthvIdhara aura usake putra jhAMjhaNa ke dhArmika kAryoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha etadviSayaka kAvya sukRtasAgara kA hI saMkSipta rUpa hai| prastuta prabaMdha gadya-padyamaya hai| upayukta sukRtasAgara aura prastuta kRti kI racanA tapAgacchIya nandiratnagaNi ke ziSya ratnamaNDanagaNi ne kI hai / ratnamaNDanagaNi kI anya kRtiyA~ upadezataraMgiNI tathA bhojaprabaMdha (saM0 1517) upalabdha haiN| 1. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 434. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 128. 3. jinaralakoza, pR0 443, jaina mAtmAnanda sabhA, granthAMka 40, bhAvanagara, saM0 1971; isake vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM-mo0 80 desAI, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 404-406 tathA cimanalAla bhAIlAla zeTha, jainijma ina gujarAta, pR0 158-162. 1. nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 470-71. 5. jinarasnakoza, pR0 256; yahA~ peghaDa kA peghaDa nAma bhazuddha chApA gayA hai|

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paurANika mahAkAvya pethar3a aparanAma pRthvIdhara ke caritra ko lekara 16vIM zatI ke kavi rAjamalla ne bhI pRthvIdharacarita likhA hai| nAbhinandanoddhAraprabaMdha: ___ isakA dUsarA nAma zatrujayamahAtIrthoddhAraprabaMdha bhI hai| isameM gujarAta ke pATanagara ke prasiddha jauharI samarasiMha aparanAma samarAzAha ke parivAra kA tathA usake dhArmika kAryoM kA acchA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha meM usake dvArA saM0 1375 meM zatrujaya tIrtha para uddhAra kAryoM kA bhI pracura vaNana hai| yaha eka aitihAsika mahattva kA bhI grantha hai jisakA ki vivecana pIche kreNge| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isakI racanA upakezagacchIya siddhasUri ke paTTadhara ziSya kakkasUri ne saM0 1392 meM kI thii| isI samaya ke lagabhaga samarasiMha kA svargavAsa bhI huA thaa| jAvaDacaritra aura jAvaDaprabaMdha : jAvar3a (16vIM za0 kA madhya) mAlavA ke mANDavagar3ha kA dhanADhya vyApArI thA aura sAtha meM mAlavA ke tatkAlIna rAjA gayAsuddIna khilajI kA rAjyAdhikArI bhI thaa| ukta kAvyoM meM jAvar3a ke saMghapatitva evaM sAmAjika pratiSThA aura dharmaniSThA kA varNana hai| jAvar3a zrImAlabhUpAla evaM laghuzAlibhadra kahalAtA thaa| ina kAvyoM ke lekhaka evaM racanAkAla jJAta nahIM haiN| jAvar3a kA carita sarvavijayagaNi ne sumatisaMbhava nAmaka kAvya meM vistRta rUpa se diyA hai| isa kAvya kA racanAkAla saM0 1547 se 1551 nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai / saMbhavataH ukta donoM kAvya bhI usa samaya ke Asa-pAsa kI racanAe~ hoN| karmavaMzotkIrtanakAvya : akabara ke samaya meM bIkAnera meM karmacandra maMtrI osavAla jAti kA bar3A hI zUravIra, buddhizAlI tathA dAnI puruSa ho gayA hai| vaha bhakta jaina tathA kuzala - rAjapriya puruSa thaa| usakI kIrti rAjasthAna se lekara dillI ke mugala darabAra taka 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 210, 372; prakAzita-hemacandra granthamAlA; mo0 20 desAI ke jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 424-427 aura ci0 bhA0 zeTha ke jainijma ina gujarAta, pR0 171-180 meM samarasiMha kA caritra vistAra se diyA gayA hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 134.

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230 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa phailI thii| vaha kharataragaccha ke yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri ke prabhAvanA-kAryoM meM bar3A sahayogI thaa| usake jIvana ko lekara saMskRta meM lagabhaga 550 padyoM kA ukta kAvya kharatara- . gaccha kI kSemazAkhA ke pramodamANikya ke ziSya jayasoma upAdhyAya ne saM0 1650 meM vijayAdazamI ke dina lAhaura meM racA hai| yaha eka samakAlika racanA hai| isa para unhIM ke ziSya guNavijaya ne saM0 1655 meM saMskRta vyAkhyA likhI aura usI varSa gujarAtI meM padyAnuvAda kiyA / kSemasaubhAgyakAvya : __ise puNyaprakAza bhI kahate haiN| isameM maMtrI kSemarAja ke puNya-kAryoM kA varNana hai| ise tapAgaccha ke Anandakuzala ke ziSya ratnakuzala ne saM0 1650 meM racA thaa| ise khImasaubhAgyAbhyudaya nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai|' - 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 71; isakA sAra zrI desAI ne apane jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa meM pR0 571-575 para diyA hai| '2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 100. 1. isakI hastalikhita prati vijayadharmasUri jJAnamandira, bhAgarA meM upalabdha hai|

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prakaraNa 3 kathA-sAhitya purANa-carita-sAhitya ke samAna hI jainoM kA kathA-sAhitya bhI khUba samRddha hai| vedoM aura pAli tripiTaka kI bhA~ti jainoM ke ardhamAgadhI Agama granthoM meM bhI choTI-bar3I sabhI prakAra kI aneka kahAniyAM milatI haiN| unameM dRSTAnta, upamA, rUpaka, saMvAda evaM loka-kathAoM dvArA saMyama, tapa aura tyAga kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jainAgamoM ke niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi evaM TokA-granthoM meM to apekSAkRta vikasita kathA-sAhitya ke darzana hote haiN| unameM aitihAsika, ardhatihAsika, dhArmika evaM laukika Adi kaI prakAra kI kathAe~ saMgRhIta haiN| phira jainoM ne kathAoM ke pRthak granthoM kA bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM praNayana kiyA hai| ___ kathA ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue AgamoM meM akathA, vikathA, kathA tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| unameM kathA to upAdeya hai, zeSa tyAjya / upAdeya kathA ke vibhinna rUpoM kA vargIkaraNa viSaya, zailI, pAtra evaM bhASA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se cAra prakAra kI kathAe~ hotI haiM-arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA aura mizrakathA / dharmakathA ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiMAkSepiNI, vikSepiNI, saMvedanI aura nivednii| jainAcAryoM ne adhikatara isI ko upAdeya mAnA hai| mizrakathA meM manoraMjaka aura kautukavardhaka sabhI prakAra ke kathAnaka rahate haiN| jaina kathAkAroM meM yaha prakAra bhI prazaMsanIya mAnA gayA hai| pAtroM ke AdhAra se divya, mAnuSa aura mizra kathAe~ kahI gaI haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se saMskRta, prAkRta aura mizra rUpa meM kathAe~ likhI gaI aura ina tInoM prakAroM ko khUba apanAyA gayA hai| isI taraha zailI kI dRSTi se sakalakathA, khaNDakathA, ullAvakathA, parihAsakathA aura saMkIrNakathA ke bheda se paMcavidha kathAe~ mAnI gaI haiN| yahA~ ina sabakA vistAra se vivecana karanA saMbhava nahIM para sabhI prakAroM meM mizra yA saMkIrNa bheda meM aneka tattvoM kA mizraNa hone se janamAnasa kA anuraMjana karane kI adhika kSamatA hotI hai| yaha gadya-padya mizrita tathA prAkRta-saMskRta mizra rUpa meM bhI likhI gaI hai| jisa taraha Aja ke kathA-sAhitya ke uddezya, kathAnaka, pAtra aura zailI ye 4 mUla tattva haiM usI taraha kathAoM ke uparyukta bhedoM meM ina tatvoM ke darzana sudUra

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232 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa atIta ke sAhitya meM bhI ho sakate haiM / Aja ke kathA sAhitya kA uddezya kevala lokaruci kA manoraMjana mAtra nahIM hai apitu pAThakoM ke lie kisI vicAra darzana kA prastuta karanA bhI hai, usI taraha jaina kathAoM kA uddezya bhI jaina vicAra-AcAra arthAt karmavAda tathA saMyama, vrata, upavAsa, dAna, parva, tIrtha Adi ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karanA hai / yadyapi isa dRSTi se ve AdarzonmukhI haiM para aisA hote hue bhI jIvana ke yathArtha dharAtala para TikI huI haiM isalie unameM sAmAjika jIvana kI vividha bhaMgimAoM ke darzana hote haiM / kathAnaka kI dRSTi se ina kathAoM kA kSetra bhI bar3A vyApaka hai / inameM nItikathA, lokakathA, pazupakSikathA, bhAvAtmaka dhvanikathA, dharmakathA, purAtana kathA, daivatakathA, dRSTAntakathA, parIkathA, kalpitakathA Adi sabhI prakAra kI kathAoM ko sthAna milA hai / yadyapi adhikAMza jaina kathAnaka ghaTanAbahula haiM para unheM ghaTanApradhAna nahIM kaha sakate unakA uddezya pAtroM kI caritragata vizeSatAoM ko ubhArate hue pAThaka ko eka nizcita lakSya taka pahu~cAnA hai / kathAnaka kI bhA~ti jaina kathA - sAhitya ke pAtroM kA kSetra bhI bar3A vyApaka hai / usameM rAjA se lekara daridra, brAhmaNa se lekara cANDAla, sAhUkAra se lekara cora, pativratA se lekara vezyA taka, sabhI vargoM ke pAtra samAviSTa haiM / puruSa, strI, deva, yakSa, kinnara, vidyAdhara, muni, bAla, vRddha, yuvA aura yahA~ taka ki pazu-pakSI bhI pAtra ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| Aja ke kahAnIkAra kA uddezya apane pAtroM kA cAritrika vizleSaNa karanA hai / vaha unake mAnasika antardvandva ko dikhAtA hai, unake cAritrika manovijJAna kA adhyayana prastuta karatA hai aura unake antartama ke gUr3ha rahasyoM kA udghATana karatA hai parantu prAcIna kathAoM kI bhA~ti jaina kathAoM meM bhI pAtra kevala nimitta haiM / vahA~ pAtroM kI avatAraNA vAstava meM burAI kA anta burAI aura bhalAI kA anta bhalAI meM dikhAne ke lie kI gaI hai / zailI kI dRSTi se bhI Adhunika aura prAcIna kathAoM meM bar3A antara hai / Aja kI kahAniyoM meM vibhinna zailiyoM ke darzana hote haiN| kahIM ve kalAtmaka haiM to kahIM Atmacaritra zailI meM yA kisI anya prakAra meM para prAcIna kathAoM kI bhA~ti jaina kathAe~ itivRttAtmaka zailI meM adhika haiM, jaise amuka nagara meM amuka rAjA yA vyakti rahatA thA / - yahA~ hama jaina kathA-sAhitya ke katipaya amUlya ratnoM-- kRtiyoM kA paricaya prastuta karate haiN| vaise to jaina purANoM meM bhAratIya kathA - sAhitya ke aise aneka ratna mile haiM jo anyatra durlabha haiM phira bhI pRthak rUpa se aneka prakAra kI bar3I kRtiyA~ aura laghu kathAoM ke saMgraha bahusaMkhyA meM mile haiN| yahA~ varNanakrama meM sarvaprathama hama una kathA-kozoM kA paricaya de rahe haiM jo

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kathA-sAhitya 233 AgamoM, cUrNiyoM, TIkAoM kI paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue prAcIna AdarzoM ko batalAnevAlI kathAoM ke saMgraha haiN| inameM samAgata aneka kathAe~ paravartI aneka svataMtra racanAoM kI upajIvya haiN| isake bAda hama una pramukha kathAgranthoM kA varNana kareMge jo dharma-artha-kAma puruSArthoM kA eka sAtha pratipAdana karane meM sakSama haiM aura apane meM eka vizAla kathA-jAla ko bhare hue haiN| isake bAda nItikathA arthAt dAna, zIla, ahiMsAdi vrato, paryo, tIrthoM Adi se sambaddha kathAoM ko dekara kalpitakathA, lokakathA aura prANikathA Adi para upalabdha racanAoM kA vivecana kreNge| aupadezika kathA-saMgraha jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4 meM hama dekha cuke haiM ki Agamika prakaraNoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa kaise huA hai| hama prAraMbha meM kaha Aye haiM ki caraNakaraNAnuyoga viSayaka sAhitya dharmopadeza yA aupadezika prakaraNoM ke rUpa meM udbhUta evaM vikasita huA hai| dharmopadeza meM saMyama, zIla, tapa, tyAga aura vairAgya Adi bhAvanAoM ko pramukha batAyA gayA hai| inakA upadeza komalamati zrotAoM ke uddezya se karane ke lie kathAoM kA acchA mAdhyama cunA gayA hai| pravacana ke prArambha meM, pravacanakAra jaina sAdhu, kucha zabdoM yA zlokoM meM apanI dharmadezanA kA prasaMga batA detA hai aura phira eka lambI-sI manoraMjaka kahAnI kahane lagatA hai jisameM aneka romAMcaka ghaTanAye hotI haiM aura aneka bAra eka kathA meM se dUsarI kathAe~ nikalatI jAtI haiN| isa taraha ye aupadezika prakaraNa atyanta mUlyavAn kathAsAhitya se bhare hue haiM jisameM hara prakAra kI kahAniyA~-ramanyAsa, upanyAsa, dRSTAntakathA, prANinItikathA, purANakathAyeM, parikathAyeM aura nAnAvidha kautuka aura adbhuta kathAe~ milatI haiM / jainoM ne isa prakAra ke vizAla aupadezika kathA-sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai| jaina sAhitya ke bRhad itihAsa ke caturtha bhAga meM dharmopadeza prakaraNa ke antargata jo upadezamAlA, upadezaprakaraNa, upadezarasAyana, upadezacintAmaNi, upadezakandalI, upadezataraMgiNI, bhAvanAsAra Adi 50 60 racanAyeM saMkSipta vivaraNa ke sAtha dI gaI haiM: ve adhikAMza meM TIkA aura vRtti ke rUpa meM jaina kathAoM ke saMgraha hI haiN| udAharaNa ke lie dharmadAsagaNikRta upadezamAlAprakaraNa ko leN| isa para 10vIM zatAbdI se lekara 18vIM zatAbdI taka lagabhaga 20 saMskRta TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiN| isakI 542 gAthAoM meM dRSTAntasvarUpa 310

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234 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kathAnakoM kA saMgraha ho gayA hai| isI taraha haribhadrasUri ke upadezapada para vivRtiyoM meM kathAoM kA eka vizAla jAla bunA gayA hai| ye kathAe~ yadyapi prAcIna jaina granthoM se lI gaI haiM phira bhI inake kathana kA DhaMga nirAlA hai| isI taraha jayasiMhasUri (vi0 saM0 915) kRta dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa meM 156 kathAe~ samAviSTa kI gaI haiM jo saMyama, dAna, zIla Adi kA mAhAtmya aura rAgadveSAdi kubhAvanAoM ke duSpariNAmoM ko vyakta karatI haiN| vijayalakSmI (saM0 1843) kRta upadezaprAsAda' meM sabase adhika 357 kathAnaka milate haiN| isa taraha aupadezika kathA-sAhitya ke acche saMgraha rUpa meM jayakIrti kI zIlopaTezamAlA, maladhArI hemacandra kI bhavabhAvanA aura upadezamAlAprakaraNa, vardhamAnasUri kA dharmopadezamAlAprakaraNa, munisundara kA upadezaratnAkara, AsaDa kI upadezakaMdalI aura vivekamaMjarIprakaraNa, zubhavardhanarmANa kI vardhamAnadezanA, jinacandrasUri kI saMvegaraMgazAlA tathA vijayalakSmI kA upadezaprAsAda hai / digambara sAhitya meM yadyapi aise aupadezika prakaraNoM kI kamI hai jina para kathA-sAhitya racA gayA ho phira bhI kundakunda ke SaTaprAbhUta kI TIkA meM, vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra, zivArya kI bhagavatIArAdhanA tathA ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcArAdi kI TIkAoM meM aupadezika kathAoM ke saMgraha upalabdha hote haiN| aupadezika kathA-sAhitya ke anukaraNa para aneka kathAkoza aura saMgrahoM kA bhI nirmANa huA hai| unameM hariSeNa kA bRhatkathAkoza prAcIna hai| bRhatkathAkoza-upalabdha kathAkozoM meM yaha sabase prAcIna hai| isameM choTIbar3I saba milAkara 157 kathAe~ haiN| grantha-parimANa sAr3he bAraha hajAra zlokapramANa hai|' ina kathAoM meM kucha kathAe~ cANakya, zakaTAla, bhadrabAhusvAmI, kArtikeya Adi aitihAsika rAjanItika puruSoM aura AcAryoM se sambaMdhita haiM 1. DA. jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 490-524. __ isameM ukta sAhitya kI anekoM kathAnoM kI vizeSatA pratipAdita hai|| 2. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA (paM0 saM0 33-36), bhAvanagara se 1914-23 meM prakAzita; vahIM se 5 bhAgoM meM gujarAtI anuvAda bhI prakAzita huA hai| .. jinaratnakoza, pR0 283, DA0 A0 ne0 upAdhye dvArA sampAdita, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, granthAGka 17, isakI 122 pRSTha meM aMgrejI meM likhI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa hai| 4. sahasradizairbaddho nUnaM paMcazatAnvitaiH (12500), prazasti, padya 16.

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kathA-sAhitya 235 yadyapi inakA uddezya itihAsa kI apekSA ArAdhanA-samAdhimaraNa kA mahattva batalAnA adhika hai| isameM 131vIM kathA-bhadrabAhu-meM do bAteM aisI kahI gaI haiM jo anya kathAgranthoM evaM zilAlekhoM se viruddha par3atI haiN| isa kathA ke anusAra bhadrabAhu kA samAdhimaraNa ujayinI ke samIpa bhAdrapada deza (sthAna) meM huA thA aura 12 varSIya akAla ke samaya jainasaMgha ko dakSiNa deza meM le jAnevAle unake ziSya candragupta aparanAma vizAkhAcArya the / anya kathAoM aura lekhoM ke anusAra bhadrabAhu svayaM dakSiNa deza sasaMgha gaye the aura unakA samAdhimaraNa zravaNabelagola ke candragiri parvata meM huA thA / candragupta unake sAtha hI gaye the aura unakA nAma prabhAcandra thaa| isameM anya diga0 kathAkozoM kI bhA~ti samantabhadra, akalaMka aura pAtrakesarI kI kathAyeM nahIM dI gaI haiN| isa kathAkoza kI prazasti ke AThaveM padya meM ise 'ArAdhanoddhRta' kahA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki ArAdhanA nAmaka kisI grantha meM jo udAharaNa rUpa kathAyeM thIM unheM yahA~ udadhRta kiyA gayA hai| isa tathya ke saMketa rUpa meM yatra-tatra zivArya kI bhagavatIArAdhanA kA nAma diyA gayA hai| isa grantha ke vidvAn sampAdaka DA0 AdinAtha ne0 upAdhye kA mata hai ki prastuta grantha ke kitaneka aMza saMbhavataH kisI prAkRta grantha se saMskRta meM anUdita hue haiM kyoMki isameM bahuta se prAkRta nAma jyoM ke kyoM raha gaye haiM, yathA-medajja (metArya), bhArahevAse ( bhAratavarSe), vANArasI (vArANasI), vijudADha (vidyudaMSTra ) Adi / paMyA, vikuvvaNA Adi kitane hI zabda saMskRta racanAoM meM durlabha haiM kintu prAkRta granthoM meM sulabha haiN| yaha saba dekha 'ArAdhanoddhRta' kA artha ArAdhanA nAmaka prAkRta grantha se hI uddhRta kiyA huA yA liyA huA honA caahiye| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-prantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake kartA AcArya hariSeNa haiN| prazasti meM unakI paramparA dI gaI hai| tadanusAra punnATa saMgha meM maunibhaTTAraka, unake ziSya hariSeNa (prathama), unake ziSya bharatasena (jo aneka zAstroM ke jJAtA tathA kisI kAvya ke kartA the) aura unake ziSya prastuta hariSeNa (granthakartA) the| isa grantha kI racanA kAThiyAvAr3a ke baDhamAna ( vardhamAnapura ) nAmaka sthAna meM vi0 saM0 955 meM huI thii| isI baDhamAna meM zaka saM0 705 (vi0 saM0 830 ) meM punATa saMgha ke eka AcArya jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa kI racanA kI thii| saMbhavataH hariSeNa bhI unakI paramparA ke ho, yadi hameM binasena aura hariSeNa ke paradAdAguru maunibhaTTAraka ke bIca kI do tIna pIr3hiyoM kA patA laga jAya | jinasena ke harivaMza kI prazasti

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236 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke samAna hI isa kathAkoza kI prazasti bhI bar3e hI aitihAsika mahattva kI hai / usameM likhA hai ki yaha kathAkoza usa samaya racA gayA thA jaba vardhamAnapura vinAyakapAla ke rAjya meM zAmila thA aura vaha rAjya zakra yA indra ke jaisA vizAla thA / " yaha vinAyakapAla pratihAra vaMza kA rAjA thA jisake sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI kannauja thI / yaha mahendrapAla kA putra thA aura mahIpAla aura bhoja (dvitIya) ke bAda gaddI para baiThA thA / ukta kathAkoza kI racanA ke lagabhaga eka hI varSa pahale kA isa nRpa kA eka dAnapatra milA hai / yaha kathAkoza tatkAlIna saMskRti ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bar3A upayogI hai / apane bhAiyoM cAra ArAdhanAoM ke mahattva ko batalAnevAle kucha aura kathAkoza race gaye haiM / unameM prabhAcandra, siMhanandi, nemicandra, brahmadeva ke saMskRta meM haiM aura chatrasena kA prAkRta meM / yahA~ do kA paricaya prastuta hai : 1. kathAkoza - isameM cAra ArAdhanAoM kA phala pAnevAle dharmAtmA puruSoM kI kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| yaha sarala saMskRta gadya meM hai / bIca-bIca meM saMskRtaprAkRta ke uddharaNa diye gaye haiM / isakI sabhI kathAe~ zivArya kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA se sambaddha haiM / yaha kathAkoza 'ArAdhanA satkathA - prabaMdha' bhI kahalAtA hai / grantha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai para viSaya aura zailI se jJAta hotA hai ki ve bhAga eka hI kartA ne apane jIvana ke pUrva aura pazcAd bhAga meM likhe the| 90 kathAyeM haiM aura dUsare bhAga meM 32 / pahale bhAga meM kartA aura kRtikAla -- isakI racanA paramAra nareza bhoja ke uttarAdhikArI jayasiMhadeva ke rAjyakAla meM prabhAcandra ne dhArAnagara meM kI hai / pahale bhAga ke anta meM unhoMne apane ko paNDita prabhAcandra aura dUsare ke anta meM bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kahA hai / inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1037 se 1112 taka mAnA jAtA 1. vinAyakAdipAlasya rAjye zakropamAnake // 13 // isa padya kI vizeSa vyAkhyA ke lie dekheM - DA0 poliTikala hisTrI Apha nArdarna iNDiyA, itihAsa, pR0 220 - 23. gu0 ca0 caudharI, pR0 44; jaina sAhitya aura 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 32; vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM - DA0 upAdhye dvArA likhita bRhatkathAkoza kI aMgrejI prastAvanA, pR0 60-61 ( siMghI jaina granthamAlA, 17 ).

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237 kathA-sAhitya hai| inake anya grantha haiM : prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra, tattvArthavRttipadavivaraNa, zAkaTAyananyAsa, zabdAmbhojabhAskara, pravacanasArasarojabhAskara, mahApurANaTippaNa. ratnakaraNDaTIkA, samAdhitantraTIkA Adi / 2. kathAkoza-yaha saMskRta zlokoM meM racita hai| eka taraha se prabhAcandra kRta gadyAtmaka kathAkoza kA hI padyAtmaka evaM vistRta rUpAntara hai| phira bhI isameM prabhAcandra ke kathAkoza kI 17 kathAyeM nahIM haiM aura 9 naI kathAyeM jor3I gaI haiN| prabhAcandrakRta ratnakaraNDaTIkA meM dI gaI kaI kathAoM se isakI kathAe~ milatI haiN| isameM 100 se adhika kathAe~ haiN| isake racayitA brahma nemidatta haiN| inakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbha hai / inhoMne apane gurubhrAtA malliSeNa bhaTTAraka ke anurodha para isakI racanA kI thii| kucha kathAkoza vibhinna nAmoM se milate haiM / kathAkozaprakaraNa-yaha grantha' mUla aura vRtti rUpa meM hai| mUla meM kevala 30 gAthAe~ haiM aura ina gAthAoM meM jina kathAoM kA ullekha hai ve hI prAkRta vRtti ke rUpa meM vistAra ke sAtha gadya meM likhI gaI haiN| isameM mukhya kathAeM 36 aura 4-5 avAntara kathAe~ haiN| inameM bahuta-sI kathAeM prAyaH prAcIna jaina granthoM se lI gaI haiM para yahA~ kathAkAra ne unheM naI zailI meM, naye rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| inameM kucha kathAeM naI kalpita bhI haiM jinakA ullekha kavi ne svayaM kiyA hai| yaha grantha sAmAnya zrotAoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara banAyA gayA hai| isake prAraMbha kI 7 kathAoM meM jina bhagavAna kI pUjA kA phala, 8vIM meM jinastuti kA phala, 9vIM meM sAdhusevA kA phala, 10-25vIM taka 16 kathAoM meM dAnaphala, isake Age 3 kathAoM meM jainazAsana-prabhAvanA kA phala, 2 kathAoM meM muniyoM 1. jinaratnakoza, pR. 32, bRhatkathAkoza, prastAvanA, pR0 62-63, isakA hindI anuvAda tIna bhAgoM meM jainamitra kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, bambaI se vIra saM0 2440 meM prakAzita huA hai| 2. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, saM0 25, jinaratnakoza pR. 64. 1. jiNasamayapasiddhAI pAyaM cariyAI haMdi eyAI / bhaviyANa guggahahA kAiMpi parikappiyAI pi // gAthA 26..

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238 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke doSa dikhAne kA kuphala, 1 kathA meM muni-apamAna-nivAraNa kA suphala, 1 kathA meM jinavacana para azraddhA kA kuphala, 1 kathA meM dharmotsAha pradAna karane kA suphala, 1 kathA meM guruvirodha kA phala, 1 meM zAsanonnati karane kA phala tathA antima kathA meM dharmotsAha pradAna karane kA phala varNita hai| yadyapi isa kathAkoza kI kathAeM prAkRta gadya meM likhI gaI haiM phira bhI prasaMgavaza prAkRta padyoM ke sAtha saMskRta aura apabhraMza ke padya bhI milate haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se kathAeM sarala evaM sugama hai| isameM vyartha ke zabdADambara evaM dIrghasamAsoM kA abhAva hai| kathAoM meM yatra-tatra camatkAra evaM kautUhala tatva vikharA par3A hai| dhArmika kathAoM meM zRMgAra aura nIti kA saMmizraNa pracura rUpa meM huA hai jisase manoraMjakatA vipula mAtrA meM A gaI hai| ina kathAoM meM tatkAlIna samAja, AcAra-vicAra, rAjanIti Adi ke sarasa tattva vidyamAna haiN| __ racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa grantha ke prAraMbha aura anta se jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA jinezvara sUri haiN| inakA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM eka viziSTa sthAna hai| inhoMne zithilAcAragrasta caityavAsI yativarga ke viruddha Andolana kara suvihita yA zAstravihita mArga kI sthApanA kI thI aura zvetAmbara saMgha meM naI sphUrti aura nUtana cetanA utpanna kI thii| inake guru kA nAma varddhamAnasUri thA aura bhAI kA nAma buddhisAgarasUri thaa| ye brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna hue the para dhArA nagarI ke seTha lakSmIpati kI preraNA se vardhamAnasUri ke ziSya hue the| inakI vizAla aura gauravazAlinI ziSyaparamparA thI jisase zvetA0 samAja meM nUtana yuga kA udaya huaa| inakI ziSyaparamparA meM navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadevapari, saMvegaraMgazAlA ke lekhaka jinacandrasUri, surasundarIkathA ke kartA dhanezvarasUri, jayantavijayakAvya ke racayitA abhayadeva (dvitIya), pAsanAhacariya aura mahAvIracariya ke praNetA guNacandragaNi aparanAma devabhadrasUri Adi aneka vidvAn, zAstrakAra, sAhitya-upAsaka ho gaye haiN| inake ziSya-praziSyoM ne inheM yugapradhAna viruda se saMbodhita kiyA hai| prastuta kathAkoSaprakaraNa ke atirikta inake racita grantha cAra aura haiM : pramAlakSma, nirvANalIlAvatIkathA, SaTasthAnakaprakaraNa, paJcaliGgIprakaraNa / unameM nirvANalIlAvatIkathA ( prAkRta ) abataka anupalabdha hai| 1. DA. jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 161-419.

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kathA-sAhitya 239 isa kathAkoSaprakaraNa kI racanA vi0 saM0 1108 mArgazIrSa kRSNA paMcamI ravivAra ko huI thii| 1. kathAnakakoza-ise kathAkoza yA kathAkozaprakaraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| bRhaTTippaNikA ke anusAra yaha prAkRta grantha hai jisameM 239 gAthAe~ haiN| lekhaka ne prArambha meM eka gAthA meM kahA hai ki vaha isa koza meM kucha nayoM aura dRSTAntakathAoM ko kaha rahA hai jinake zravaNa se mukti sambhava hai| gAthAoM meM kathAoM kA AkarSaka nAmoM se ullekha kiyA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM eka hI dRSTAnta kI ekAdhika kathAyeM dI gaI haiN| udAharaNa ke lie pUjA kI bhAvanA mAtra se svargasukha kI prApti hotI hai, isake lie cauthI gAthA meM jinadatta, sUrasenA, zrImAlI aura roranArI ke nAma dRSTAnta rUpa meM diye gaye haiN| prathama 17 gAthAoM meM saba kathAe~ jinapUjA aura sAdhudAna se sambandhita haiN| gAthAoM para gadya-padya mizrita eka saMskRta TIkA hai para usameM dRSTAnta kahAniyA~ prAkRta meM dI gaI haiN| kathAkAra ne isameM AgamavAkya tathA saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke kucha padyoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| ___ racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa kathAkoza meM racayitA kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai para muni jinavijaya ke matAnusAra vardhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri ne hI ina gAthAoM ko racakara unase sambaddha kathAoM kI racanA vartamAna rUpa meM kI hai| ho sakatA hai unhoMne isameM prAcIna sAmagrI bhI sammilita kara dI ho / vRhaTTippaNikA ke anusAra isakA samaya saM0 1108 hai| zrI desAI ke anusAra yaha grantha saM0 1082-1095 ke bIca racA gayA hai| ise moTe rUpa meM 11vIM sadI ke uttarArdha kI racanA mAna sakate haiN| 2. kathAnakakoza-yaha eka gadya-padyamayI racanA hai jisameM gadya saMskRta meM hai aura padya kahIM saMskRta meM aura kahIM prAkRta meN| isameM zrAvakoM ke dAna, pUjA, 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 65 (III); DA. mA0 ne0 upAdhye, hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza kI bhUmikA, pR. 39. 2. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 208, viNTaranilsa ne apane anya hisTrI mApha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 513 meM isa kathAkoza kA samaya I. san 1092 diyA hai jo bhUla se saMvat ke sthAna meM san mAnane se hubhA lagatA hai| 3. paM0 jagadIzalAla zAstrI dvArA sampAdita, motIlAla banArasIdAsa dvArA 1942 meM prakAzita; jinaratnakoza, pR0 15.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zIla, kaSAyadUSaNa, dyUta Adi para 27 kathAoM kA saMgraha hai / prAraMbha meM dhanada kI kathA hai aura anta meM nala kI / ye kathAe~ kisI viSayakrama ke anusAra nahIM rakhI gaI haiM / kaI viSaya Age-pIche do bAra Aye haiM para kathAoM kI punarAvRtti nahIM huI hai / pratyeka kathA ke Adi meM eka padya diyA gayA hai jo kathA ke uddezya ko sUcita karatA hai / yaha zailI paMcataMtra, hitopadeza ke anukaraNa para hai J 240 racayitA aura racanAkAla - - isake kartA kA nAma kahIM nahIM diyAM hai| anya kisI kathAkozakAra ne bhI isake kartA kA nAma nirdiSTa nahIM kiyA hai / para isameM karka, arikesarina aura mammaNa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura ina rAjAoM kA samaya karNATaka rAjavaMzAvalI ke anusAra I0 10vIM - 11vIM zatAbdI hai / ina ullekhoM se DA0 saletore ne kalpanA kI hai ki isa kathAkoza kI racanA 11vIM sadI IsvI ke antima caturtha meM huI hogI / ' isa grantha kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ ambAlA aura jIrA nAmaka sthAnoM para milI haiM / isameM 'cIThI' Adi hindI bhASA ke zabda milane se yaha anumAna hotA hai ki lipikAroM ne isameM Avazyaka parivartana kiyA hai| isakI hastalikhita pratiyAM vi0 saM0 1859 se pUrva kI nahIM milI haiN| isakA aMgrejI anuvAda sI0 0 eca0 TAnI ne kiyA hai aura mUlyAMkana karate hue likhA hai ki ye kahAniyA~ bhAratIya lokavArtAoM ke yathArtha aMza haiM jinheM kisI jainAcArya ne apane dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ke gauravagAna kA rUpa dekara apane DhaMga se phira se sampAdana kiyA hai / kahArayaNakosa ( kathAratnakoza ) - isa kathAkoza meM 50 kathAeM haiM jo do bRhad adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiN| pahale adhikAra kA nAma dharmAdhikArI - sAmAnyaguNa-varNana hai| isameM 9 samyaktva paTala kI tathA 24 sAmAnya guNoM kI isa taraha 33 kathAyeM haiM / dvitIya dharmAdhikArI vizeSaguNa-varNanAdhikAra meM bAraha vratoM tathA vandana-pratikramaNa Adi se saMbaMdhita 17 kathAyeM haiN| isa kathAkoza kA uddezya yaha hai ki acchA sAdhu aura acchA zrAvaka vahI hai jo apane-apane 1. jaina eNTIkverI, bhAga 4, saM0 3, pR0 77-80. 2. oriyaNTala TrAnsalezana phaNDa, nyU sirIja, landana, 1895. 3. AtmAnanda jaina granthamAlA meM muni puNyavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita, san 1944 meM prakAzita; DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 448 455; jinaratnakoza, pR0 66.

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kathA-sAhitya 241 vratoM meM niSNAta hai| binA acchA zrAvaka bane koI bhI acchA zramaNa nahIM cana sakatA hai| jo aNuvratoM kA pAlana kara sakatA hai vahI mahAvratoM kA pAlana kara sakatA hai| suzrAvaka hone ke lie vyakti meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI guNa hone caahiye| suzrAvaka ke sAmAnya guNa 33 haiM jinameM samyagdRSTi aura usake ATha aticAra. dharma meM zraddhA, devamandira aura munisaMgha kI zraddhApUrvaka sahAyatA karanA aura karuNA, dayA Adi mAnavIya vRttiyoM kA pApaNa karanA samAviSTa haiN| vizeSa guNa 17 haiM jinameM pAMca aNuvrata, sAta zikSAvrata, saMvaraNa, Avazyaka aura dIkSA samAviSTa haiN| ina guNoM ke mahatva ko prakAzita karanevAlI kathAe~ hI isa kathAkoza meM dI gaI haiN| yaha kathAkoza adhikAMza meM prAkRta padyoM meM hI likhita hai, kahIM-kahIM kucha aMza gadya meM bhI diye gaye haiN| bIca-bIca meM saMskRta aura apabhraMza ke padya bhI diye gaye haiN| kathAoM dvArA dhArmika aura aupadezika zikSA denA hI isa kathAkoza kA pradhAna lakSya hai / grantha kA parimANa 12300 zloka-pramANa hai| __ isa kathAkoza kI sabhI kathAe~ rocaka haiM / upavana, Rtu, rAtri, yuddha, zmazAna, rAjaprAsAda, nagara Adi ke sarasa vaNanoM ke dvArA kathAkAra ne kathA-pravAha ko gatizIla banAyA hai| ina kathAoM meM sAMskRtika mahattva kI bahuta sAmagrI hai| nAgadattakathAnaka meM kuladevatA kI ArAdhanA ke lie uThAye gaye kaSToM se usa kAla ke rIti-rivAjoM tathA nAyaka ke caritra aura vRttiyoM para prakAza par3atA hai| sudattakathA meM gRhakalaha kA pratipAdana karate hue sAsa, bahU, nanada aura baccoM ke svAbhAvika citraNoM meM kathAkAra ne pUrI kuzalatA pradarzita kI hai| sujasabheSThI aura usake putroM kI kathA meM bAla-manovijJAna ke aneka tattva citrita haiN| dhanapAla aura bAlacandra kI kathA meM vRddhA vezyA kA caritra-citraNa sundara huA hai| __ racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA devabhadrasari (guNacandragaNi) haiN| inakA paricaya inakI anya kRtiyoM-mahAvIracariya tathA pAsanAhacariya ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| isakI racanA unhoMne vi0 saM0 1158 meM bharakancha (bhar3auca) nagara ke munisuvrata caityAlaya meM samApta kI thii| isa grantha meM praNetA ne apanI anya kRtiyoM meM pAsanAhacariya aura saMvegaraMgazAlA' (kathAgrantha) kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. vasubANa ruhasaMkhe 1158 vaccaMte vikkamAmo kaalmmi| lihimo paDhamammi ya potthayammi gaNibhamalacandeNa // prazasti, 9. 2. isakA paricaya jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4 meM diyA gayA hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AkhyAnakamaNikoza 127 upadezaprada ( akkhANayamaNikosa ) - yaha kathAoM ( AkhyAnakoM ) kA bRhad saMgraha hai / " mUla kRti meM prAkRta kI 52 gAthAe~ haiM / pahalI meM maMgalAcaraNa, dUsarI meM pratijJAta vastu kA nirdeza hai aura zeSa pacAsa gAthAoM ko 41 adhikAroM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| ina gAthAoM - meM una una adhikAroM meM pratipAdya viSayasambaMdhI dRSTAntakathAoM ke pAtroM kA nAma-nirdeza mAtra kiyA gayA hai / ye kathAe~ pUrvAcAryoM ke granthoM aura zrutiparamparA se prasiddha thiiN| lekhaka ne kevala una sabako vividha viSayoM ke sAtha sambaddha karake unakA viSaya-dRSTi se vargIkaraNa kiyA hai aura smRtipatha meM laghu rIti se lAne ke lie eka laghu kRti ke rUpa meM banAyA hai / ina gAthAoM meM vaise 146 AkhyAnakoM kA nirdeza granthakAra ne kiyA hai para kaI kI punarAvRtti bhI gaI hai isalie vAstavika saMkhyA 127 hI hotI hai I 242 racayitA aura racanAkAla - ina kathAtmaka gAthAoM ke racayitA bRhadgacchIya AcArya devendragaNi' ( nemicandrasUri ) haiM / inakA paricaya inakI anyatama kRti mahAvIracariya ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai / prastuta kathAkoza kI racanA vi0 - saM0 1929 meM huI thI / AkhyAnakamaNikozavRtti- -ukta granthakAra kI jIvana- samApti ke kucha dazakoM bAda isa para eka bRhadvRtti racI gaI / mUla gAthAoM para vRtti saMskRta meM hai para 127 AkhyAnakoM meM se 14, 17, 23, 39, 42, 64, 109, 121. 122 aura 124 ye to saMskRta meM, 22vAM aura 43vAM apabhraMza maiM aura zeSa AkhyAnaka prAkRta meM haiM / 73veM bhAvabhaTTikA ke antargata antima cArudattacariu apabhraMza meM hai / saMskRta meM likhe gaye AkhyAnako meM 17 aura 124" gadya meM haiM aura 14 vAM' campU- zailI meM hai tathA prAkRta 1. prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI, vArANasI, 1962. 2. avakhANayamaNikosaM evaM jo paDhai kuNai jahayogaM / deviMdasAhumahithaM airA so lahai apavaggaM // 3. bharatAkhyAnaka aura somaprabhAkhyAnaka. 4. yaha pariyoM kI kathA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattva kA hai| isake kucha bhAga kI tulanA 'arebiyana nAiTsa' se kI jA sakatI hai / 5. caNDacUDAkhyAna. sItA- AkhyAnaka.

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kathA-sAhitya 243 meM likhe AkhyAnakoM meM 47vAM prAkRta gadya meM hai, 123vAM prAkRta upendravajrA meM aura zeSa 115 prAkRta AryA chandoM meM / yatra-tatra anya chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai para bahuta kama / isa grantha se vRttikAra kI saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM paTutA jJAta hotI hai / vRttikAra ne ina kathAoM kA kalevara prAyaH pUrvavartI kRtiyoM se liyA hai aura isa bAta kA yatra-tatra nirdeza bhI kara diyA hai| udAharaNArtha 10vAM' aura 65vAM AkhyAnaka devendragaNi ( nemicandrasUri ) kRta mahAvIracariya se akSarazaH liye gaye haiN| 32veM bakulAkhyAnaka kI vizeSa ghaTanA jAnane ke lie vRttikAra ne devendragaNi ( nemicandrasUri ) kRta ratnacUr3akathA ko dekhane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isI taraha anya 19 AkhyAnoM meM rAmacarita, harivaMza, Avazyaka, uttarAdhyayana, nizItha Adi granthoM ko dekhane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ina AkhyAnakoM meM kucha to pracalita jaina paramparA ke DhaMga ke haiM, kucha kukkuTAkhyAnaka (109) ajaina paramparA ke paurANika DhaMga ke aura kucha laukika udAharaNoM kA anusaraNa karate hue likhe gaye haiN| ina AkhyAnakoM kI kathAvastu ko anyAnya sAhitya ke sAtha tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhA jAya to bar3I rocaka bAte jJAta hogii| ina kathAnakoM meM nAnA prakAra ke subhASita, sUkta aura lokoktiyAM bhare par3e haiN| aneka prasiddha dezya aura prAkRta zabda bhI isameM milate haiN| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa kathAtmaka vRtti ke racayitA Amradevasari haiM jo jinacandra ke ziSya the| unhoMne isakA praNayana vi0 saM0 1190 (san 1133 ) arthAt mUla gAthAoM ke racane ke ThIka 60 varSa bAda kiyA thaa| kathAmahodadhi-ise kapUrakathAmahodadhi' bhI kahate haiN| isameM choTI-bar3I saba milAkara 150 kathAe~ haiM / ' yaha vajrasena ke ziSya hariSeNa dvArA racita upadezAtmaka kAvya 'karpUraprakara' yA sUktAvalI ke 179 padyoM meM varNita 87 jaina dhArmika aura naitika niyamoM ko saMketa rUpa meM dI gaI dRSTAnta-kathAoM kA pUrNa vivaraNa dene ke lie racA gayA hai, isalie ise karpUrakathAmahodadhi bhI kahate haiN| 1. candanA kA bhAkhyAna. 2. prastAvanA, pR. 8-9. 3. jinarasnakoza, pR. 68. 4. ina kathAnoM kI sUcI piTarasana riporTa 3, pR. 316-19 meM dI gaI hai| 5. hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1916.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa karpUraprakarakAvya kA prAraMbha 'karpUraprakara' vAkya se hotA hai ataH usakA nAma vahI ho gayA / isakA pratyeka pada bar3I sundaratA se prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura prasaMgAnukUla dRSTAntoM dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai / udAharaNa ke lie jIvadayA para neminAtha kA tathA parastrI anurAga ke kuphala para rAvaNa kA dRSTAnta prastuta kiyA gayA hai / pratyeka padya meM eka yA adhika dRSTAntarUpa kahAniyA~ dI gaI haiM / inhIM dRSTAntoM ko AdhAra banAkara kathAoM kA vistAra kara yaha grantha banAyA gayA hai / 244 racayitA aura racanAkAla -- isake racayitA tapAgacchIya ratnazekharasUri ke ziSya somacandragaNi haiM jinhoMne isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1504 meM kI thii| karpUraprakara ke AdhAra para dUsarA kathAkoza bhI upalabdha hai, yathA kharatara - gacchIya jinavardhanasUri ke ziSya jinasAgara kI karpUraprakara- TIkA / isakA samaya saM0 1492 se 1520 mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra yaha TIkA somacandrakRta kathAmahodadhi ke samakAlIna hai / isameM ukta kAvya ke padyoM kI vyAkhyA karane ke bAda dRSTAnta-kathA saMskRta zlokoM meM dI gaI hai| kathA kA praveza AgamoM yA upadezamAlA jaise granthoM ke gadya-padyamaya prAkRta uddharaNoM ko dete hue kiyA gayA hai / isameM kathAoM ke zIrSaka aura krama ' kathAmahodadhi' ke samAna hI haiN| isameM neminAtha, sanatkumAra prabhRti purANa puruSoM, satyakI, cellaNA, kumArapAla prabhRti aitihAsika- ardhaitihAsika puruSa aura atimuktaka, gajasukumAla prabhRti tapasviyoM tathA jaina paramparA ke dharmaparAyaNa puruSa-mahilAoM kI kahAniyAM gaI haiN| karpUraprakara para tapAgacchIya caraNapramoda kI tathA ajJAta lekhaka kI vRtti ( granthAma 1768 ) milatI hai tathA harSakuzala aura yazovijayagaNi kI TIkA tathA merusundara ke bAlAvabodha ( TIkA ) aura dhanavijayagaNikRta stabaka kA ullekha milatA hai / ' saMbhavataH inameM se kucha ukta kathAkozoM ke samAna hI hoM / kathAkoza ( bharatezvara bAhubalivRtti ) - mUla meM yaha 13 gAthAoM kI prAkRta racanA hai jo 'bharahesara bAhubali' pada se prAraMbha hotI hai / saMbhavataH yaha jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1919. 1. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 69. devacandra lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra, bambaI se bar3e do bhAgoM meM san 1932 maura 1937 meM prakAzita.

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kathA-sAhitya 245 nitya smaraNa kI eka stuti hai| isameM 100 dharmAtmA ginAye gaye haiN| inameM 53 puruSa ( pahalA bharata aura antima meghakumAra ) aura 47 striyAM ( pahalI sulasA aura antima reNA) haiM jo dharma aura tapa sAdhanAoM ke lie jainoM meM sukhyAta hai / adhikAMzataH ye prAcIna jaina kathA sAhitya meM upalabdha kathAoM ke hI pAtra haiN| inakA ullekha sUyagaDa, bhagavaI, nAyAdhammakahAo, antagaDa, uttarAdhyayana, painnaya, Avassaya, dasaveyAliya evaM vividha niyuktiyoM tathA TIkAoM meM huA hai / mUla prAkRta gAthAoM meM to ina nAmoM kI zrRMkhalA mAtra dI gaI hai| pahale pahala ye gAthAe~ jaina sAhitya ke vividha kSetroM ke abhyAsiyoM ke lie bodhagamya rahI hoNgii| para pIche mUla para vistRta TIkA evaM kathAoM ke pUrNa vivaraNa kI AvazyakatA pratIta hone lagI aura isa taraha yaha vizAla kathAkoza prakAza meM aayaa| isa saMskRta TIkA meM gadya-padya mizrita kathAe~ bhI dI gaI haiM jinameM yatratatra prAkRta ke uddharaNa vikIrNa haiN| TIkA meM saba kathAe~ hI kathAe~ haiM, isalie ise kathAkonA bhI kahA jAtA hai| _racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa mahattvapUrNa kathAsaMgraha ke racayitA zubhazIlagaNi haiN| inake guru kA nAma munisundaragaNi thaa| vikrama kI 15vIM zatI meM hue yugaprabhAvaka AcArya somasundara kA vizAla ziSya-parivAra thA jo vidvAn tathA sAhityasarjaka thaa| somasundara ke paTTaziSya sahasrAvadhAnI munisundara the| unake anya gurubhAiyoM ne aneka grantha likhe the| zubhazIlagaNi isI parivAra ke sAhityasarjaka vidvAn the| zubhazIlagaNi ne isa kathAkoza kI racanA vi0 saM0 1509 meM kI thii| granthAnta meM dI gaI prazasti meM racanA-saMvat diyA gayA hai| inakI aneka racanAeM upalabdha haiM jinameM kucha meM racanA-saMvat diyA gayA hai yathA-vikramAdityacaritra (vi0 saM0 1499), zatrujayakalpa kathAkoza ( vi0 saM0 1518), paMcazatIprabaMdha (vi0 saM0 1521), bhojaprabaMdha, prabhAvakakathA, zAlivAhanacaritra, puNyadhananRpakathA, puNyasArakathA, zukarAjakathA, jAvar3akathA, bhaktAmarastotramAhAtmya, paMcavargasaMgrahanAmamAlA, uNAdinAmamAlA aura assttkrmvipaak| zubhazIlagaNi kathAtmaka grantha likhane meM vizeSa pravaNa the| paMcazatIprabodhasaMbaMdha-granthakAra ne grantha ke prAraMbha meM isakA nAma isa prakAra sUcita kiyA hai- "granthoAyaM paJcazatIprabodhasaMbaMdhanAmA kriyate mayA tu"|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa kathAkoza meM jinaratnakoza meM bhI yahI nAma diyA gayA hai / para anya kathAkozoM kI bhA~ti isake saMkSipta nAma kathAkoza aura prabaMdhapaMcazatI milate haiN| 4 adhikAra haiM jinameM saba milAkara 625 kathAprabaMdhoM kA saMgraha hai / prathama adhikAra meM 1 - 203 taka, dvitIya meM 204-426 taka, tRtIya meM 427 - 476 taka aura caturtha meM 477-625 taka kathAe~ dI gaI haiM / 246 kathAkAra ne ina kathAoM ke saMkalana meM aneka srotoM kA Azraya liyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki - " kiMcidgurorAnanato nizamya, kiMcit nijAnyAdikazAstratazca" arthAt guru paramparA tathA jaina- jainetara granthoM kA upayoga karake yaha racanA likhI gaI hai / isameM vizeSataH prabhAvakacarita prabaMdhacintAmaNi, purAtana prabaMdhasaMgraha, prabaMdhakoza, upadezataraMgiNI, Avazyakaniyukti Adi jaina granthoM tathA hitopadeza, paMcataMtra, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi meM prApta sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / grantha guruparamparA se upalabdha vizAla kathA - sAhitya kA pazcAtkAlIna uttarAdhikArI hai isase yaha bar3e mahattva kA hai / prastuta kRti meM kathAoM kA viSayakrama nahIM dikhAI par3atA hai phira bhI isake tIna vibhAga kara sakate haiM : 1. aitihAsika prabaMdha, 2. dhArmika kathAeM, 3. laukika kathAeM / aitihAsika prabaMdhoM meM nanda, sAtavAhana, bhartRhari, bhoja, kumArapAla, hemasUri Adi kI kathAe~ dRSTavya haiM / yaha grantha gadya-padyamizrita hai jisameM saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke subhASita avataraNarUpa meM sthAna-sthAna para dRSTigocara hote haiM / isameM saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke kaThina prayogoM se mukta sarala bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai tathA lokabhASA meM pracalita aneka zabdoM kA saMskRtIkaraNa karake isameM pracura rUpeNa prayoga huA hai| isameM aneka phArasI zabdoM kA bhI prayoga dRSTavya hai yathA1. suvAsita sAhitya prakAzana, sUrata, 1968, sampAdaka - - muni zrI mRgendra; jinaratnakoza, pR0 224; viNTaranitsa ne hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 544, Ti0 3 meM batalAyA hai ki iTAlI vidvAn pevolinI ne isa kathAgrantha se lekara draupadI, kuntI, devakI, rukmiNI kathAeM likhI haiM / dUsare iTAlI vidvAn ballinI ne pahalI 50 kathAoM kA mUla aura anuvAda prakAzita kiyA hai / isI vidvAn ne sultAna phiroja dvi0 (san 1220- 1296 ) aura jinaprabhasUri se sambandhita 16 kathAoM kA varNana kiyA hai|

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kathA-sAhitya 247 kalandara, kAgada, kharazAna, mohari, bIbI, masIta, mIra, mulANa ( mullA), muzalamAna, haja, harImaja Adi / isakI bhASA aura zabdoM kA adhyayana eka pRthaka viSaya hai| mUla zabdoM kA saMskRtIkaraNa karane se kaI sthAnoM para artha lagAne meM bar3I gar3abar3I hotI hai / racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa grantha ke uparyukta zubhazIlagaNi hI racayitA haiN| isa grantha kI prazasti meM racanA-saMvat vikrama saM0 1521 diyA gayA hai|' ukta prazasti meM zubhazIlagaNi ne apane ko ratnamaNDanasUri kA ziSya batAyA hai para isa kathAkoza ke eka adhikAra kI prazasti meM lakSmIsAgara ke ziSya ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai : lakSmIsAgarasUrINAM paadpdmprsaadtH| ziSyeNa zubhazIlena grantha eSa vidhIyate / / 3 / / ye lakSmIsAgara zubhazIlagaNi ke yA to praguru the yA unake guru munisundara ke gurUbhAI the| apane anya granthoM meM zubhazIla ne apane ko munisundarasUri kA ziSya batAyA hai / saMbhavataH kathAkAra ne kRtajJatAvaza vidyA, Azraya aura dIkSA denevAle tIna prakAra ke guruoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai| 1. kathAkoza- ise 'kalpamaMjarI' bhI kahate haiN| isakI racanA Agamagaccha ke jayatilakasUri ne kI hai| isakA granthAgra 290 zloka pramANa hai / isakA samaya 15vIM zatAbdI pratIta hotA hai / 2. kathAkoza-ise 'vratakathAkoza' bhI kahate haiN| isakI eka, hastalikhita prati jayapura ke pATodI ke mandira ke zAstrabhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| isameM vibhinna vratoM sambaMdhI kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| grantha kI pUrI prati upalabdha na hone se yaha abhI taka nizcita nahIM ho sakA ki isameM kitanI vratakathAe~ likhI gaI thii|' isake racayitA prasiddha bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti hai jinakA anyatra paricaya diyA gayA hai| 1. vikramArkAd vidhu-dvISu-candra (1521) pramitavatsare / amuM vyadhAt prabaMdhaM tu zubhazIlAbhidho budhaH // 2. munisundarasUrIzavineya : zubhazIlabhAka-vikramacaritra, prazasti, padya 12. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 65. 4. vahI, pR0 65, 368; rAjasthAna ke jaina santaH vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 14.

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248 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 3. kathAkoza-ise vratakathAkoza aura kathAvalI bhI kahate haiN| isameM vratoM, dhArmika kriyAoM, niyamoM, anuSThAnoM tathA tapoM kI kathAeM dI gaI haiM yathA aSTAhnika vratakathA, AkAzapaJcamI, muktAsaptamI, candanaSaSThI Adi / kartA tathA racanAkAla-ise mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha, balAtkAragaNa ke zrutasAgara ne racA hai| unhoMne apane ko brahma0 yA dezayatI kahA hai| inake guru kA nAma bhaTTAraka vidyAnandi thA, jo padmanandi ke praziSya aura devendrakIrti ke ziSya the| vidyAnaMdi kA bhaTTAraka pada gujarAta ke IDara nAmaka sthAna meM thA aura unake paTTadhara mallibhUSaNa aura usake bAda lakSmIcandra bhaTTAraka hue| mallibhUSaNa ko zrutasAgara ne gurubhAI kahA hai| zrutasAgara bar3e vidvAn the| inakI aneka upAdhiyAM thii| inakI anya kRtiyAM tattvArthavRtti, yazastilakacandrikA, audAryacintAmaNi, tattvatrayaprakAzikA, jinasahasranAmaTIkA, mahAbhiSekaTIkA, ghaTaprAbhRtaTIkA, zrIpAlacarita, yazodharacarita, siddhabhaktiTIkA, siddhacakrASTakaTIkA Adi grantha haiN| inhoMne SaTaprAbhRta kI saMskRta TIkA meM bhI kaI kathAe~ dI haiN| ___ zrutasAgara vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the| inake kisI bhI grantha meM racanA kA samaya nahIM diyA gayA hai para anya ullekhoM se inake samaya kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| kucha anya kathAkoza haiM jinheM 'vratakathAkoza' bhI kahate haiN| unameM dayAvardhana, devendrakIrti, dharmacandra evaM malliSeNa kI racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| anya kathAkozoM meM vardhamAna, candrakIrti, siMhasUri tathA padmanandi ke granthoM kA ullekha milatA hai / vardhamAna abhayadeva ke ziSya the aura unake kathAkoza ko 'zakunaratnAvali' bhI kahate haiN|" 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 66 aura 368. 2. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (dvi0 saM0 ), pR0 301-377. 3. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se prakAzita. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR. 368. 5. vahI, pR0 65, 368.

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kathA-sAhitya 249 4. kathAkoza-yahA~ kucha ajJAta lekhakoM ke saMskRta prAkRta kathAkozoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai / inameM se adhikAMza kI hastalikhita pratiyAM pUnA ke bhANDArakara prAcya mandira ke sarakArI saMgraha vibhAga meM upalabdha haiN| 1. saM0 478 (san 1884-86)- isake pahale tIna patroM meM hariSeNa kA kathAkoza hai| isake bAda 53 vrata-kathAe~ haiM jinameM sugandhadazamI, SoDazakAraNa aura ratnAvalI saMskRta meM hai| zeSa apabhraMza meM haiN| 2. saM0 582 (1884-86 )-isameM saMskRta zlokoM ke bAda hI dRSTAnta kathAe~ dI gaI haiM jinameM kucha jinaprabhasUri, jagasiMha, sAtavAhana, jagaDUzAha Adi ke prabaMdha bhI haiN| 3. saM0 583 ( 1884-86 )-yaha donoM ora se TUTA-phUTA hai| yaha saMskRta padya meM hai jisameM saMskRta-prAkRta donoM prakAra ke uddharaNa haiN| saMbhavataH isameM samyaktvakaumudI kI hI kathAe~ haiN| 4. saM0 1266 (1884-87)-yaha candraprabha kI stuti se prAraMbha hotA hai aura isameM saMskRta meM ArAmatanaya, hariSeNa, zrISeNa, jImUtavAhana Adi kI kathAe~ dI gaI haiM / yaha apUrNa hai / kevala 47 pRSTha upalabdha haiM / 5. saM0 1267 ( 1884-87)-isameM ve kahAniyA~ haiM jo sAmAnyatayA samyaktvakaumudIkathA nAma se kahalAtI haiN| prArambha kA gadya kucha dUsarI taraha kA hai aura vaha isa prakAra kA hai-goDadeze pADalIpuranagare AryasuhastisUrIzvarAH / trikhaNDabharatAdhipasaMpratirAjJo'gre dharmadezanAM cakrarevaM bho bho bhavyAH / isameM sabase anta meM pAtradAna ke dRSTAntarUpa meM dhanapati kI kathA dI gaI hai| yadyapi yaha saMskRta kA grantha hai para isameM yatra-tatra prAkRta gAthAeM dI gaI haiN| 6. saM0 1268 ( 1884-87)-isameM prAkRta kathAe~ dI gaI haiM yathA gaMdhapUjA para zubhamati kI, dhUpapUjA para vinayaMdhara kI tathA anya dRssttaantkhaaniyaaN| isakI prazasti aura kucha aMza saMskRta meM hai| isakI racanA harSasiMhagaNi dvArA sAraMgapura meM kI gaI thii| 1. ina sabakA paricaya bRhatkathAkoza meM DA. upAdhye dvArA likhI prastAvanA ke bhAdhAra para diyA jAtA hai|

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250 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa 7. saM0 1269 ( 1884-87)-yaha prati TUTI-phUTI hai tathA lipi gar3abar3a hai / isameM bhAvanA viSayaka amaracandra kI kathA, pAramArthika maitrI viSayaka vikramAditya Adi kI kathAe~ haiN| patra 19 meM vaitAlapaMcaviMzatikA kI kathA uddhata hai aura apabhraMza evaM prAcIna gujarAtI meM bhI choTI-choTI kucha kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| isakI samApti eka prANikathA se hotI hai o saMbhavataH paMcataMtra kI hai| 8. saM0 1322 ( 1891-95)-isameM madanarekhA, sanatkumAra Adi kI kathAe~ saMskRta meM dI gaI haiM aura bIca-bIca meM prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke padya bhI diye gaye haiN| 9. saM0 1323 ( 1891-95)--yaha saMskRta gadya meM hai jisameM saMskRtaprAkRta padya bIca-bIca meM prastuta hue haiN| isameM devapUjA viSayaka devapAla kI, mAna sambandhI bAhubali kI, mAyA viSayaka azokadatta, vandana-pUjA ke sambandha meM madanAvalI Adi aneka viSayaka kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| koI-koI kathA prAkRta gAthA se hI prAraMbha hotI hai / 10. saM0 1324 (1891-95 )-yaha TUTA-phUTA apUrNa grantha hai| isameM prasannacandra, sulasA, cilAtiputra Adi kI kathAe~ saMskRta gadya meM haiN| kahIM kahIM zloka bhI haiN| kucha anya kathAkoza isa prakAra haiM: kathAsamAsa-aupadezika prakaraNagrantha 'upadezamAlA' meM ullikhita dRSTAntoM para svatantra kathAgraMtha likhane kI jainAcAryoM meM vizeSa pravRtti dekhI gaI hai| upadezamAlA para lagabhaga bIseka TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM unameM aneka kathAtmaka haiN| prastuta racanA upadezamAlA-kathAsamAsa nAma se bhI kahI jAtI hai aura saMkSepa meM 'kathAsamAsa' nAma se bhii| isameM sabhI kathAe~ prAkRta meM dI gaI haiN| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA jinabhadra muni haiM jo zAlibhadra ke ziSya the| unhoMne ise saMvat 1204 meM racA thaa|' ____ kathArNava-yaha saMskRta anuSTubh chandoM meM nirmita kathAoM kA saMgraharUpa TIkAgrantha hai jisameM RSimaMDalastotra kI vyAkhyA karate hue usameM namaskAra ke rUpa meM ullikhita evaM varNita zalAkApuruSoM, unake samakAlIna dharmAtmAoM, pratyekabuddhoM, jinapAlita Adi kAlpanika vIroM, metArya jaise tapasviyoM aura mahAvIra ke uttarakAlIna AcAryoM kI kathArUpa vistRta jIvaniyA~ dI gaI haiM / 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 51; pATana hasta0 sUcI, bhAga 1, pR. 90.

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kathA sAhitya 251 inameM adhikAMza kI kathA AgamoM, niyuktiyoM aura prakIrNakoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| jo aupadezika prakaraNoM, mAhAtmyoM aura dRSTAnta kathAoM meM anaitihAsika yA paurANika pAtra se pratIta hote the, ve saba yahA~ tapazUra tathA jainasaMgha ke yathArtha vyakti mAne gaye haiN| kathArNava kA granthAna 7590 zloka-pramANa hai / ' racayitA evaM racanAkAla-kharataragaccha ke guNaratnasUri ke ziSya padmamandiragaNi ne isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1553 meM kI hai| 1. kathAratnAkara yaha 15 taraMgoM meM vibhakta hai| isake anta meM agaDadatta kI kathA hai| isakI racanA naracandrasUri ne kI hai| jainadharma sambandhI kathAnaka sunane kI vastupAla mahAmAtya kI utkaNThA zAnta karane ke lie hI naracandra ne tapa, dAna, ahiMsA Adi saMbaMdhI aneka dharmakathAvAlA yaha kathAkoza racA hai| ise 'kathAratnasAgara' bhI kahate haiM / isakI eka tAr3apatrIya prati saM0 1319 kI milatI hai| isakA granthAgra 2091 zloka-pramANa hai| yaha sArA grantha anuSTubh chanda meM racA gayA hai| __ racayitA evaM racanAkAla isake praNetA naracandrasUri bar3e vidvAn the| ye haSapurIya yA maladhArigaccha ke devaprabhasUri ke ziSya the| ve mahAmAtya vastupAla ke. mAtRpazca se guru the aura vastupAla ko nyAya, vyAkaraNa tathA sAhitya meM pAraMgata kiyA thaa| inake race aneka grantha milate haiM yathA-nyAyakandalIpaMjikA, anargha rAghavaTippaNa, jyotiHsAra, sarvajinasAdhAraNastavana Adi / ' prabaMdhakoza ke anusAra naracandrasUri kA nidhana bhAdrapada 10 vi0 saM0 1287 meM huA thA isalie ukta racanA kA samaya terahavIM zatAbdI kA madhya mAnanA caahiye| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 60, RSimaNDalaprakaraNa, Atmavallabha granthamAlA, saM0 13, valada, 1939, prastAvanA vizeSa rUpa se dRSTavya hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 66; pATana kI hastapratiyoM kA sUcIpatra (gA0 o0. si0), bhAga 1, pR0 14. 1. ityabhyarthanayA cakrurvastupAlamaMtriNaH / naracandramunIndrAste zrIkathAratnasAgaram / / 4. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaNDala, pR0 100-104 tathA pR0. 207-208.

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252 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 2. kathAratnAkara-yaha kathAkoza dasa taraMgoM meM vibhakta hai, jinameM kula milAkara 258 kathAe~ haiN|' anekoM to sarala saMskRta gadya meM likhI gaI haiM aura bahuta thor3I gaMbhIra zailI meM / kucha saMskRta padyoM meM bhI likhI gaI haiN| inameM kucha kathAe~ paramparAzruta haiM, kucha kalpanAprasUta haiM, kucha anya AdhAroM se lI gaI haiM aura kucha jainAgamoM se lI gaI haiN| pratyeka kathA kA prAraMbha eka yA do upadezAtmaka gAthA yA zloka se hotA hai| sAre hI grantha meM saMskRta, mahArASTrI, apabhraMza, purAnI hindI aura purAnI gujarAtI ke uddharaNa pracura mAtrA meM pAye jAte haiN| mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi vizAla granthoM evaM bhatRharizataka, paMcataMtra Adi anekoM nIti-granthoM se suparicita kucha uddharaNa bhI liye gaye haiN| grantha kA jaina dRSTikoNa usake prAraMbha ke zloka, bhAva aura kathAoM se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / isameM zRMgAra se lekara vairAgya taka vicAroM aura bhAvoM kA samAveza hai| viNTaranitsa kA kahanA hai ki isameM aneka kahAniyA~ paMcataMtra yA usa jaise kathAgranthoM meM pAI jAnevAlI kathAoM jaisI haiM / yathA-strI-cAturya kI kahAniyA~, dhUtoM kI kathAe~, mUrkhakathAe~, prANikathAe~, parIkathAe~, anya sabhI prakAra ke cuTakule jinameM brAhmaNoM aura dUsare matoM kA upahAsa hai| paMcataMtra ke samAna hI inameM kathAoM ke bIca-bIca meM aneka saduktiyA~ phailI huI haiN| isameM kahAniyA~ eka-dUsare se yoM hI jor3a dI gaI haiN| ve eka DhA~ce meM sajAyI nahIM gaI hai| grantha kA adhika bhAga vAstava meM eka dRSTikoNa se bhAratIya hI hai| jaina kathAgranthoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se Ane vAle nAmoM ke atirikta isameM bhoja, vikrama, kAlidAsa, zreNika Adi ke upAkhyAna diye gaye haiN| kucha bhaugolika ullekha bhI isameM bilkula Adhunika haiM aura dillI, campAnera tathA ahamadAbAda jaise nagaroM se sambandhita kahAniyA~ bhI haiN| saMkSepa meM isakA viSaya zikSAprada aura manoraMjaka donoM hI hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA hemavijayagaNi haiM jo tapAgacchIya kalyANavijayagarmANa ke ziSya the| inakA vizeSa paricaya anyatra diyA gayA hai| isa grantha kI racanA saM0 1657 meM kI gaI hai| inakI anya kRtiyA~ pAzvanAtha 1. hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1911, isakA jarmana anuvAda 1920 meM harTala mahodaya ne kiyA hai| 2. viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 545. 3. ahimanagaradeMge varSeSyazveSu rasAvanau / mUlamArtaNDasaMyoge caturdazyAM zucau zuceH / / -prazasti.

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kathA-sAhitya 253. mahAkAvya, anyoktimuktAmahodadhi, kIrtikallolinI, stutitridazataraMgiNI, sUktaratnAvalI, kastUrIprakara, RSabhazataka, vijaya prazastimahAkAvya Adi aneka haiM / isakI sUcanA vijayaprazastimahAkAvya kI prazasti meM dI gaI hai / 3. kathAratnAkara - yaha 'dharmakathAratnAkaroddhAra" yA " kathAratnAkaroddhAra' nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai / isameM do adhyAya haiM / isakA graMthAgra 5500 zlokapramANa hai / isameM sAdhu-nindA kA pariNAma dikhAne ke lie rukmiNI kI kathA sammilita hai / isake racayitA uttamarSi haiM / uttamarSi ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM mAlUma hai / eka ajJAta lekhakakRta kathAratnAkara kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / kathAnakakoza - isameM 140 prAkRta gAthAe~ haiM jinapara saMskRta meM vinayacandra kI TIkA hai / isa graMtha kA nAma dhammakkhANayakosa bhI hai / pATana bhaNDAra meM isakI hastalikhita prati hai jisameM vi0 saM0 1166 racanA yA lipi kA samaya diyA gayA hai / 3 pATana ke bhaNDAra meM 'kathAgraMtha' nAmaka kathAkoza kI tAr3apatrIya prati hai jise mahattvapUrNa batalAyA jAtA hai|" dUsare tAr3apatrIya kathAkoza 'kathAnukramaNikA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jisakA samaya saM0 1166 hai / ' kathAsaMgraha -- ise antarakathAsaMgraha yA vinodakathAsaMgraha bhI kahate haiM / yaha sarala saMskRta gadya meM likhA gayA kathAgraMtha hai / isameM lagabhaga 86 kathAe~ dhArmika aura naitika zikSA kI haiM aura zeSa 14 vAkcAturI aura parihAsa dvArA manoraMjana kI haiN| inakI zailI bilkula bAtacIta kI hai / zabdavinyAsapraNAlI dezaja zabdoM se bahuta-kucha raMgI huI hai / saMskRta, mahArASTrI aura apabhraMza padya isameM pracura rUpa se uddhRta haiN| aneka kathAe~ to siddhAntoM kI gAthA kahakara hI kahI gaI haiN| aisI gAthAoM meM kisI vrata kA mAhAtmya diyA gayA hai aura use dRSTAntakathA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 66. 2. pATana kI hastalikhita pratiyoM kI sUcI, bhAga 1 ( gAyakavAr3a bho0 sirIja saM0 76 ), pR0 42; jinaratnakoza, pR0 65. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 65, 368. 4. vahI, pR0 65. 5. vahI. 6. vahI, pR0 11 aura 357.

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254 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dekara samajhAyA gayA hai| isakI zailI, racanA-vinyAsa aura viSaya paMcataMtra jaise haiN| isa graMtha kI racanA meM lekhaka ke dhArmika aura laukika donoM dRSTikoNa rahe haiN| ina dRSTAnta-kathAoM meM sabhI prakAra kI laukika caturAI bharI huI hai aura kucha meM jainadharma aura AcAra kI chApa spaSTa dikhAyI par3atI hai| yadyapi ina viSayoM para dUsaroM ne bhI kathAe~ kahI hai phira bhI yaha sambhava hai ki isakI adhikAMza kathAe~ kalpita hoM aura anurodhavaza racI gayI hoN| kucha kathAe~ pracalita bhAratIya kathAoM se lI gaI haiM aura kucha jainAgamoM kI TIkAoM se / antarakathA zIrSaka kA sambhavataH yaha artha hai ki jaise bar3I kathA kI upakathAe~ hotI haiM usI taraha yahA~ ye dRSTAnta-kathAe~ haiM / racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA rAjazekharasUri haiM jo ki prabandha. koza (saM0 1405 ) ke racayitA bhI haiN| inake guru sAgaratilakagaNi haiM jo harSapurIyagaccha ke the| inakI anya kRtiyA~ SaDdarzanasamuccaya, syAdvAdakalikA, ratnAkarAvatArikApaMjikA aura nyAyakaMdalIpaMjikA haiM / rAjazekhara kA samaya 14vIM zatAbdI kA madhya mAnA jAtA hai| ukta racanA ke atirikta aura bhI kaI kathA-saMgrahoM kA ullekha jinaratnakoza meM hai jinakA vizeSa paricaya mAlUma nahIM hai| unakI sUcI tathA saMkSipta vivaraNa yahA~ diyA jAtA hai: 1. hemAcArya kA kathAsaMgraha / 2. Anandasundara kA kathAsaMgraha / 3. maladhArIgacchIya gugasundara ke ziSya sarvasundara (saM0 1510) kA kthaasNgrh| 4. saMkhyA 335 (san 1871-72 kI riporTa) ke kathAsaMgraha meM pahalI kathA vikramAditya kI hai / isake atirikta zrIpAla Adi kI anya kahAniyA~ haiM jinameM jainavratoM aura AcAge ke phaloM kA prabhAva dikhAyA gayA hai| isakI saba kathAe~ saMskRta meM haiM parantu unameM magaTI aura apabhraMza ke uddharaNa bhI haiN| sirpha eka kathA hI isa saMgraha meM prAkRta meM hai / 5. saM0 1272 (man 1884-87 kI riporTa) ke kathAsaMgraha (saMvat 1524) meM jIvakathA Adi kaI viSayoM para saMskRta meM kaI upadezAtmaka choTI-choTI 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 66.

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kathA-sAhitya 255 kathAe~ haiM / kathAsaMgrahoM kA yaha eka acchA graMtha hai jisakA jainamuni apane pravacanoM meM dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM upayoga karate the| 6. saM0 1325 (san 1891-95 kI ripoTa) ke kathAsaMgraha meM saMskRta gadya meM ATha kathAe~-kurucandra, padmAkara Adi kI-sAdhuoM ke vasati, zayyA, Asana, AhAra-pAna, auSadhi, vastra aura pAtradAna ke mahatva se sambandhita haiMdI gaI haiN| inakA ullekha upadezamAlA kI 240vI gAthA vasahI-sayaNAsaNa Adi meM hai| 7. saM0 1326 ( san 1891-95 kI ripArTa ) ke kathAsaMgraha meM dhanadatta, nAgadatta, madanAvalI Adi kI kathAe~ pUjA ke bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke phala pradarzita karane ke lie dI gaI haiN| __uparyukta kathAsaMgraha ke atirikta jinaratnakoza meM kucha kathAkoza vibhinna nAmoM se ullikhita milate haiM, yathA-kathAkallolinI, kathAgraMtha, kathAdvAtriMzikA (paramAnanda), kathAprabandha, kathAzataka, kathAsamuccaya, kathAsaMcaya Adi / ina sabake parIkSaNoM se jainakathA sAhitya para vizeSa prakAza par3ane kI AzA hai|| kucha anya nAmoM se bhI kathAkoza upalabdha hue haiN| puNyAzrava-kathAkoza-puNyAzrava-kathAkoza' nAma se kathAoM ke katipaya saMgraha haiM / viSaya kI dRSTi se inameM puNyArjana kI hetubhUta kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| prastuta saMgraha kA parimANa 4500 zloka-pramANa hai|" yaha saMskRta gadya meM hai jo 6 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai jinameM kula milAkara 56 kathAe~ haiM / prathama pA~ca khaNDoM meM ATha-ATha (aSTaka) kathAe~ haiM aura chaThe meM 16 / kathAoM ke prArambhika padyoM kI saMkhyA 57 hai para 12.13vIM kathAoM ko eka mAnA gayA hai isase kathAe~ 56 hI haiN| ina kathAoM meM una puruSoM aura 1. uparyukta kucha kathA-saMgrahoM kA paricaya bRhatkathAkoza kI prastAvanA meM DA. upAdhye dvArA prastuta vivaraNa se liyA gayA hai| 2. pR0 66-67. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR. 252, rAmacandra mumukSukRta, nemicandragaNikRta (granthAna 4500 ) tathA nAgarAjakRta rcnaaeN| kavi raidhU ne apabhraMza meM 'puNNAsava kahAkoso' likhA hai| 4. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1964, hindI anuvAdasahita.

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256 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nAriyoM ke caritra varNita haiM jinhoMne devapUjA Adi gRhasthoM ke 6 dhArmika kRtyoM meM vizeSa khyAti prApta kI thii| prathama aSTaka kI kathAe~ devapUjA-janya puNya ke mAhAtmya kA sUcana karatI haiN| dUsare aSTaka meM NamokAra mantra kA mAhAtmya, tIsare aSTaka meM svAdhyAya kA phala, cauthe aSTaka meM zIla ke prabhAva kA jJApana, pA~cave meM parvo para upavAsa kA mahattva tathA chaThe meM pAtra dAna se honevAle puNya kI kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| pratyeka kathA ke Arambha meM eka zloka se paMcataMtra-hitopadeza ke samAna kathA ke viSaya kA saMketa kara diyA gayA hai| ye zloka graMthakAra ne svayaM banAye yA pIche se jor3e, isakA nirNaya karanA kaThina hai| kathAe~ gadya meM haiM jo ki Upara se to sarala dikhAI detI haiM kintu prAyaH jaTila haiM / kathAoM ke bhItara upakathAe~ bhI A gaI haiN| janmAntaroM kI kathAoM ke varNana ke kAraNa kathAvastu meM jaTilatA A gaI hai| yatra-tatra saMskRta-prAkRta ke kucha padya anyatra se uddhRta pAye jAte haiN| graMthakAra ne kathAoM ko kaI srotoM se liyA hai aura kahIM kahIM kucha kA nirdeza bho kara diyA hai| unameM se kucheka kathAoM kA AdhAra kannaDa vaDArAdhanA hai tathA adhikAMza kathAe~ raviSeNakRta padmapurANa, jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa, jinasena-guNabhadrakRta mahApurANa aura sambhavataH hariSeNakRta bRhatkathAkoza se lI gaI haiN| yadyapi yaha graMtha saMskRta meM likhA gayA hai para loka-pracalita zailI meM likhA hone se saMskRta-vyAkaraNa ke kaThora niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isakI saMskRta tatkAlIna boliyoM se prabhAvita hai| isameM yatra-tatra kannar3a zailI kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| __granthakAra aura racanAkAla-kartA ne prazasti ke tIna padyoM meM apanA kucha paricaya diyA hai| tadanusAra inakA nAma rAmacandra mumukSu thaa| ye divyamuni kezavanandi ke ziSya the jo kundakundAnvayI the tathA bar3e saMyamI, aneka muniyoM aura narezoM se vandanIya evaM bahukhyAtiprApta the| rAmacandra ne mahAyazasvI vAdIbhasiMha mahAmuni padmanandi se vyAkaraNazAstra kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| isa kathAkoza kI racanA kisa samaya huI, isakA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai / na kartA ke kAla kA patA hai| to bhI inakA 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdha meM honA sambhava mAnA jA sakatA hai|' 1. dekheM-puNyAzravakathAkoza para likhI bhUmikA, pRSTha 30-32.

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kathA-sAhitya 257 kumArapAla-pratibodha ( kumAravAla-paDiboha)-ise jinadharmapratibodha aura hemakumAracarita bhI kahate haiN| isameM pA~ca prastAva haiN| pA~cavA~ prastAva apabhraMza tathA saMskRta meM hai| yaha pradhAnataH prAkRta meM likhI gadya-padyamayI racanA hai / isameM 54 kahAniyoM kA saMgraha hai| graMthakAra ne dikhalAyA hai ki ina kahAniyoM ke dvArA hemacandrasUri ne kumArapAla ko jainadharma ke siddhAnta aura niyama samajhAye the / isakI adhikAMza kahAniyA~ prAcIna jainazAstroM se lI gaI haiN| isameM zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM ke mahattva sUcana karane ke lie tathA pA~ca-pA~ca aticAroM ke duSpariNAmoM ko sUcita karane ke liye kahAniyA~ dI gaI haiN| ahiMsAvrata ke mahattva ke lie amarasiMha, dAmannaka Adi, devapUjA kA mAhAtmya batAne ke lie devapAlapadmottara Adi kI kathA, supAtradAna ke lie candanabAlA, dhanya tathA kRtapuNyakathA, zIlavrata ke mahattva ke lie zIlavatI, mRgAvatI Adi kI kathA, cUtakrIr3A kA doSa dikhalAne ke lie nalakathA, parastrI-sevana kA doSa batalAne ke lie dvArikAdahana tathA yAdavakathA Adi AI haiN| anta meM vikramAditya, sthUlabhadra, dazArNabhadra kathAe~ bhI dI gaI haiN| .. __ racayitA aura racanAkAla-isakI racanA somaprabhAcArya ne kI hai| somaprabha ke pitA kA nAma sarvadeva aura pitAmaha kA nAma jinadeva thaa| ye poravAr3a jAti ke jaina the| somaprabha ne kumAra avasthA meM jaina-dIkSA le lI thI / ve bRhadgaccha ke ajitadeva ke praziSya aura vijayasiMhasUri ke ziSya the / somaprabha ne tIvra buddhi ke prabhAva se samasta zAstroM kA talasparzI abhyAsa kara liyA thaa| ve mahAvIra se calanevAlI apane gaccha kI 40vIM paTTaparamparA ke AcArya the| inakI anya racanAe~ zatArthIkAvya, zRMgAravairAgyataraMgiNI, sumatinAthacaritra, sUktamuktAvalI 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 92; gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, saM0 14, bar3audA, 1920; isakA gujarAtI anuvAda jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se saM0 1983 meM prakAzita; vizeSa ke lie dekheM-viNTaranilsa, hisTrI mApha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 570, AlsaDorpha ne mAlTa uNDa nyU iNDiza sTuDiyana, 1928, pR0 8 para isake vivaraNoM kI samIkSA kI hai; pradyotakathA ke lie 'analsa Apha dI bhANDArakara mo. risarca insTI0', bhAga 2, pR0 1-21 dekheM; jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 463-472. velaMkara kammemorezana volyUma, pR0 41-44 meM DA. ghaTage kA lekha dekheN| 17 -

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258 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa Adi milatI haiN| inakA zatArthIkAvya kI racanA ke kAraNa zatArthika upanAma bhI ho gayA thaa| kumArapAlapratibodha kI racanA saM0 1241 meM huI thI jo kumArapAla kI mRtyu ke 11 varSa bAda AtA hai| yaha itihAsa kI dRSTi se adhika mahattva kI racanA hai| dharmAbhyudaya-ise saMghapaticaritra bhI kahA gayA hai| isameM 15 sarga haiM aura samagra grantha kA parimANa 5200 zloka-pramANa hai| isa kathAkAvya meM mahAmAtya vastupAla dvArA kI gaI saMghayAtrA ko prasaMga banAkara dharma ke abhyudaya kA sUcana karanevAlI aneka dhArmika kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| isake prathama sarga meM vastupAla kI vaMzaparamparA tathA vastupAla ke maMtrI banane kA nirdeza hai tathA pandrahaveM sarga meM vastupAla kI saMghayAtrA kA aitihAsika vivaraNa hai| isase isa kAvya ko saMghapaticarita nAma bhI diyA gayA hai| anya sargoM meM arthAt 2 se 14 taka paropakAra, zIlavata aura prANiyoM ke prati anukampA janya puNya se sambaMdhita anekoM dharmakathAe~ tathA zatrujaya tIrtha ke uddhAra tathA mAhAtmya sambaMdhI aneko kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| dvitIya sarga se saptama sarga taka paropakAra kA mAhAtmya, navama sarga meM tapa kA mAhAtmya aura dazama se caturdaza taka dInAnukampana kA mAhAtmya batalAyA gayA hai / ina sargoM meM guru vijayasenasUri ne apane ziSya vastupAla ko RSabhadeva, bharata, bAhubali, jambUsvAmI, yugabAhu aura neminAtha kI kathAe~ sunAI aura ina kathAoM ke bhItara bhI bIsiyoM avAntara kathAe~ dI gaI haiM, yathA-abhayaMkaranRpakathA, aMgArakadRSTAnta, madhuvindAkhyAnaka, kuberadatta-kuberadattAkhyAnaka aura zaMkhadhammika Adi / ye saba kathAe~ anuSTubh chanda meM hI varNita haiM para kathAtmaka ina soM (2-14 ) meM pratyeka sargAnta meM chandaparivartana ke sAtha kucha padya jor3e gaye haiM jinameM vastupAla kI prazaMsA hai aura prastuta racanA ko mahAkAvya kahA gayA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 195; siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granyAMka 5, muni catura vijayajI aura puNyavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita, bambaI, 1949. neminAthacaritra ke prasaMga meM jo udayaprabha kI svataMtra racanA kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha svataMtra nahIM pratyuta yahIM se uddhRta evaM alaga prakAzita racanA hai|

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kathA-sAhitya hai, tathA kAvya ko itara mahAkAvyoM kI paddhati se 'lakSmI' zabda se aMkita kiyA gayA hai|' yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ye prazasti-padya mUla kartA ke nahIM haiM aura pIche isakI pratilipi karanevAle vastupAla ne svayaM hI isa racanA ko garimA pradAna karane ke lie jor3a diye haiN| kathAtmaka ina sargoM kI bhASA bhI sahaja, sarala evaM mRdu hai / sAdhAraNa saMskRta jAnanevAle ke lie bhI isakI bhASA bodhagamya hai| kavi kI zailI varNanAtmaka hai jisameM muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM kA prayoga bahuta kama huA hai| phira bhI isa kathAnaka bhAga meM saMskRtajJoM meM pracalita bola-cAla kI bhASA kA prayoga hI kiyA gayA hai / bhASA ko zabdAlaMkAroM se sajAne kA prayAsa saphala rahA hai| bhASA meM anuprAsa aura yamakAlaMkAroM kI raNanAtmaka jhaMkRti jo yahA~ hai va anyatra bahuta kama dikhAI par3atI hai| sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaMkAroM kA prayoga svAbhAvika rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya ke aitihAsika bhAga ( 1 aura 15 sarga) meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai aura bhASA bhI udAtta hai| kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-kAvya ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake kartA udayaprabhasUri nAgendragacchIya the| unase pahale nAgendragaccha meM kramazaH mahendrasUri, zAntisUri, AnandasUri, amaracandasUri, haribhadrasUri, vijayasenasUri hue / vijayasenasUri hI udayaprabhasUri aura vastupAla ke guru the| ukta prazasti meM dharmAbhyudaya ke racanAkAla kA ullekha kahIM nahIM kiyA gayA / para isakI jo sarva prAcIna prati milI hai use saM0 1290 meM svayaM vastupAla ne apane hAthoM se likhA hai| isake anta meM yaha ullekha hai : saM0 1290 varSe caitra zu0 11 ravau stambhatIrthavelAkUlamanupAlayatA mahaM zrI vastupAlena zrI dharmAbhyudayamahAkAvyapustakamidamalekhi / ___ isase nizcaya hI yaha grantha saM0 1290 se pUrva likhA gayA hogaa| prabandhacintAmaNi ke anusAra vastupAla ne saMghapati hokara prathama tIrthayAtrA saM0 1277 meM kI thii| isakI puSTi girinAra ke saM0 1293 ke eka zilAlekha se bhI hotI hai / ataH dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya kI racanA saM 1277 ke bAda aura saM0 1290 ke pUrva kabhI huI hai| 1. iti zrIvijayasenasUriziSyazrIudayaprabhasUriviracite zrIdharmAbhyudayanAmni saMghapaticarite 'lakSmyaGke' mahAkAvye tIrthayAtrAvidhivarNano nAma....."sargaH / 2. bhUmikA, pR0 147.

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260 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa samyaktvakaumudI-isa nAma kI aneka racanAe~ upalabdha haiN| kucha kA nAma samyaktvakaumudIkathAnaka, samyaktvakaumudIkathA, samyaktvakaumudIkathAkoSa, samyaktvakaumudIcaritra aura samyaktvakaumudI' bhI kahA gayA hai| ina nAmoM ke antargata samyakadarzana (jainadharma ke prati saccI zraddhA) ke sambaMdha kI aneka laghu kathAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna kahAniyA~ eka pradhAna kahAnI ke caukhaTe ke antargata samAviSTa kI gaI haiM, jo isa prakAra hai : rAtri meM ahaMdAsa seTha apanI ATha patniyoM ko kahAniyAM sunAtA hai ki use kisa prakAra samyaktva prApta huA aura ve patniyAM bhI apanI pArI meM apane-apane samyaktva pAne kI kahAniyAM kahatI haiN| ye kahAniyAM usI samaya gupta veza dhAraNa kara apane maMtrI ke sAtha ghUmate hue vahA~ Aye rAjA ne tathA chipe hue eka cora ne sunii| ina kahAniyoM meM eka rAjA suyodhana kI kahAnI hai| vaha rAjA apane satyanArAyaNa kotavAla ko jAla meM phaMsAne ke lie apane koSAgAra meM seMdha lagAtA hai / kota. vAla use sAta dina taka sAta kahAniyoM dvArA cetAvanI dekara chor3a detA hai para anta meM usakA cora ke rUpa meM bheda khula jAtA hai aura loga use rAjyacyuta kara dete haiN| yaha laghu kathAkoza vibhinna granthakAroM dvArA praNIta upalabdha hai| aba taka jJAta prAcIna kRtiyoM meM sabase prAcIna vaha samyaktvakaumudI hai jisakI racanA madanaparAjaya ke kartA nAgadeva ne kI hai| ye lagabhaga 14vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdha ke vidvAn haiN| isakI prAcInatama hastalikhita prati saM0 1489 kI milI hai| isameM 3000 zloka haiM jinameM vibhinna ATha kahAniyA~ dI gaI haiN| dharmakalpadruma-yaha nau pallavoM meM vibhakta bRhat kathAkoza' hai jisakA granthAna 4814 zloka-pramANa hai / isameM anekoM rocaka kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 424. 2. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR0 210-211; usameM nAgadeva kRta racanA kA paricaya nahIM diyA gayA hai| 3. jaina grantha kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, bambaI se prakAzita; viSaya kI tulanA aura kartA ke nirNaya ke lie dekheM-varNI abhinandana grantha meM zrI rAjakumAra jaina kA lekha 'samyaktvakaumudI ke kartA', pR0 375-379. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 188; devacandra lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra, granthAMka 10, bambaI, saM0 1973; draSTavya-harTala kA lekha : jeDa0 DI0 ema0 jI0, bhAga 65, pR. 429 prabhRti.

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kathA-sAhitya 261 racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isakI racanA munisAgara upAdhyAya ke ziSya udayadharma ne AnandaratnasUri ke paTTakAla meM kI thii| Anandaratna AgamagacchIya Anandaprabha ke praziSya aura muniratna ke ziSya the| munisAgara ke ziSya udayadharma kA aura paTTadhara Anandaratna kA patA sAhityika tathA paTTAvaliyoM ke AdhAra se lagAne para bhI nahIM cala sakA isalie racanAkAla batalAnA kaThina hai| jarmana vidvAn viNTaranitsa' kA anumAna hai ki ye 15vIM zatI yA usake bAda ke granthakartA haiN| dharmakalpadruma' nAma kI anya racanAe~ bhI milatI haiM unameM do ajJAtakartRka haiM, eka kA nAma vIradezanA bhI hai| anya do meM se eka ke racayitA dharmadeva haiM jo pUrNimAgaccha ke the aura unhoMne ise saM0 1667 meM racA thaa| dUsare kA nAma parigrahapramANa hai aura yaha eka laghu prAkRta kRti hai| isake racayitA dhavalasArtha ( zrAddha-zrAvaka ) haiN| ___ dAnaprakAza-yaha kathAgrantha 8 prakAzoM meM vibhakta hai / granthAna 340 zlokapramANa hai / isameM vasatidAna para kurucandra-tArAcandranRpakathA (1 pra0), zayyAdAna para padmAkara seTha kI (2 pra0), AsanadAna para karirAjamahIpAla kI ( 3 pra0), bhaktadAna para kanakaratha kI (4 pra0), pAnIdAna para bhadra-atibhadra nRpa kI (5 pra0), auSadhidAna para revatI kI (6 pra0), vastradAna para dhvajabhujaMga kI (7 pra0), pAtradAna para dhanapati kI (8 pra0) kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| kartA evaM kRtikAla-granthAnta meM 4 zloka kI prazasti dI gaI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki ise tapAgaccha ke vijayasenasUri ke praziSya somakuzalagaNi ke ziSya kanakakuzalagaNi ne saM0 1656 meM racA thA / kanakakuzala kI anya kRtiyA~ bhI milatI haiM : jinastuti ( saM0 1641), kalyANamandirastotraTIkA, bhaktAmarastotraTIkA', caturviMzatistotraTIkA', paMcamIstuti (cAroM saM0 1652), vizAlalocanastotravRtti (saM0 1653), sakalArhatstotraTIkA (saM0 1654 ), kArtika 1. viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 545. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 188-189. 3. donoM prakAzita. 4. stutisaMgraha meM mehasAnA se san 1912 meM prakAzita. 5. aprakAzita. 6. triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita ke prathama 26 padyoM para TIkA, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se 1942 meM prakAzita.

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262 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zuklapaJcamIkathA ( aparanAma jJAnapaMcamIkathA, saubhAgyapaMcamIkathA, varadattaguNamaMjarIkathA-saM0 1655), surapriyamunikathA ( saM0 1656 ), rohiNyazokacandranRpakathA (saM0 1657), akSayatRtIyAkathA (gadya), dIpAlikAkalpa (prAkRta ), ratnAkarapaMcaviMzatikATIkA aura mRgasundarIkathA (saM0 1667) / upadezaprAsAda-yaha eka vizAla kathAkoza hai| isameM 24 staMbha haiN|' pratyeka stambha meM 15-15 vyAkhyAna haiM, isa taraha saba milAkara 360 vyAkhyAna hote haiM / isa grantha kI prAsAda saMjJA kI siddhi ke lie 361vAM vyAkhyAna kahA gayA hai| isameM kula milAkara dRSTAnta kathAe~ 348 haiM tathA 9 parva kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| viSaya kI dRSTi se prathama cAra stambhoM meM samyaktva ke prakAroM kA varNana hai, pAMca se bAraha taka staMbhoM meM zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM kA varNana, 13ve meM jinapUjA, tIrthayAtrA tathA navakAra jApa kA mahattva dikhAyA gayA hai, 14ve meM tIrthaMkaroM ke pA~ca kalyANaka, dIpotsava Adi kA varNana, 15 se 17 taka meM jJAnapaMcamI Adi paryoM kA varNana hai, 18ve meM jJAnAcAra, 19veM meM tapAcAra, 20veM meM vIryAcAra, 21 se 23 taka jJAnasAragrantha ke 32 aSTaka tathA phuTakara viSaya aura 24ve meM aneka viSayoM kA samAveza hai| ina viSayoM ke vivecana meM dRSTAnta rUpa meM jo kahAniyA~ dI gaI haiM unase yaha vizAla kathAkoza bana gayA hai| isameM aneka paurANika, aitihAsika, AcAryasambaMdhI tathA janapriya kathAe~ dekhane ko milatI haiM / yaha jaina zrAvakoM ke lie bar3e mahattva kA grantha hai| ina kathAoM meM se parvo se sambaMdhita kathAoM ko 'parvakathAsaMgraha" nAma se alaga prakAzita kiyA gayA hai jisameM ASAr3ha-cAturmAsika, dIpAvalI, kArtikapratipadA, jJAnapaJcamI, kArtikI pUrNimA, maunaikAdazI, rohiNI-hutAzanI Adi parvo kI kathAeM dI gaI haiN| 1. prakAzita, 2. donoM prakAzita. 3. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, grantha saM0 33-36, bhAvanagara, 1914-1923, vahIM se 5 bhAgoM meM gujarAtI anuvAda bhI prakAzita huA hai| 4. cAritrasmAraka granthamAlA, granthAGka 34, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 20017 'saubhAgyapaJcamyAdiparvakathAsaMgraha' nAma se hindI jainAgama prakAzaka sumati kAryAlaya, koTA se vi0 saM0 2006 meM prakAzita.

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kathA-sAhitya 263 kartA evaM racanAsamaya-24ve staMbha ke anta meM 51 padyoM kA gurupaTTAnukrama diyA gayA hai aura usake bAda 34 padyoM kI eka bar3I prazasti dI gaI hai| gurupaTTAnukrama meM sudharmA svAmI se lekara apane samaya taka kI guruparamparA dI hai aura tapAgaccha kI utpatti para prakAza DAlA hai| isake bAda tapAgaccha kI paTTAvalI dI gaI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki ye vijayasaubhAgyasUri ke ziSya the| vijayalakSmI inakA nAma thA aura inhoMne isa grantha para premavijaya Adi muniyoM ke abhyAsa ke lie upadezasaMgraha nAma se vRtti likhI thI, vaha grantha saM0 1843 meM samApta huA thaa| paTTAvalIparAga' meM pRSTha 206 para dI gaI tapAgacchAntargata vijayAnandasUri-gacchaparamparA meM inakA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai / ye siroDI aura haNAdarA ke bIca pAlar3I grAma meM saM0 1797 meM janme the| pitA kA nAma hemarAja aura mAtA kA AnaMdIbAI thaa| saM0 1814 meM narmadA taTa para sinora meM dIkSA, usI varSa sUripada aura saM0 1858 meM sUrata meM svargavAsa huA thaa| dharmakathA-saMskRta meM yaha bRhat kathAgrantha hai| isameM choTI-bar3I 15 kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| isI meM sItAcaritramahAkAvya 4 sargoM meM varNita hai jinameM 556 zloka haiN| anya caritroM meM asatya bhASaNa para RSidattAkathA (485 zloka), samyaktva para vikramasenakathA (233 zloka) aura vajrakarNakathA ( 99 zloka ), jIvadayA para dAmanakakathA (104 zloka), satyavrata para dhanazrIkathA, corI para nAgadattakathA, brahmacarya para gajasukumAlakathA, parigrahaparimANa para cArudattakathA, rAtribhojana para vasumitrakathA, dAna para kRtapuNyakathA, zIla para narmadAsundarIkathA (205 zloka ) aura vilAsavatIkathA (522 zloka), tapa para dRr3haprahArikathA aura bhAvanA para ilAtIputrakathA dI gaI hai| racayitA yA saMgrahakartA kA nAma ajJAta hai para prazasti meM racanA saM0 1339 (dvitIya kArtika vadI ) diyA huA hai / ___ ekAdaza-gaNadharacarita-isakA granthAna 6500 hai| isameM mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadharoM kI kathAe~ saMkalita haiN| isakI racanA kharataragaccha ke devamati upAdhyAya ne kI hai| 1. 50 kalyANavijayagaNikRta. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 188, pATana granthabhaNDAra sUcI, bhAga 1, 175-176. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR. 61.

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264 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa yugapradhAnacarita-yugapradhAna AcAryoM ke samudita caritra ko lekara 6000 granthAna-pramANa eka racanA kA jaina granthAvali meM ullekha milatA hai|' saptavyasanakathA-saptavyasana arthAt juA, corI, zikAra, vezyAgamana, parastrIsevana, madya evaM mAMsabhakSaNa ke kupariNAma ko batalAne ke lie sAta kathAoM ke saMgraharUpa meM kaI kRtiyAM milI haiN| unameM somakIrti bhaTTArakakRta saptavyasanakathA (saM0 1526 ) meM sAta sarga haiM / yaha kathA-sAhitya kA acchA grantha hai| anya racanAoM meM sakalakIrtikRta 1800 granthAna-pramANa tathA bhuvanakIrtikRta' 3500 granthAna-pramANa evaM kucha anyakartRka saptavyasanakathAe~ milatI haiN| samitiguptikaSAyakathA-isameM ukta viSayaka kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| isakI racanA tapAgacchIya kamalavijayagaNi ke ziSya kanakavijaya ne kI hai| racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai| ____ kAmakumbhAdikathA-saMgraha-yaha pA~ca kathAoM kA saMgraha hai jo ki vijayanItisUri ke ziSya panyAsa dAnavijayajI ke sadupadeza se prakAzita huA hai| isameM saMskRta gadya meM kAmakumbhakathA aparanAma pApabuddhi-dharmabuddhikathA, tathA pA~ca pApoM ko sevana karanevAle subhUma cakravartI kI, abhayadAna denevAle dAmannaka kI, tathA cAra niyamoM kA pAlana karanevAle vaMkacUla kI evaM zIla pAranevAlI narmadAsundarI kI kahAnI hai| sabhI kahAniyAM rocaka evaM upadezaprada haiN| anya kathAkozoM yA saMgrahoM meM nimnalikhita kRtiyAM milatI haiM : amarasenavajrasenAdikathAdazaka, AvazyakakathAsaMgraha, aSTAdazakathA (sakalakIrti saM0 1522), upAsakadazAkathA' (pUrNabhadra saM0 1275, prAkRta), uttarAdhyayanakathAsaMgraha 2 (zubhazIla saM0 1560), uttarAdhyayanakathAe~'3 ( padma 1. jinaratnakoza, pR. 321. 2-5. vahI, pR. 416. 6. vahI, pR. 421. 7. vahI, pR0 84. 8. vahI, pR0 15. 9. vahI, pR0 34. 50. vahI, pR0 19. 11. vahI, pR0 56. 12-13. vahI, pR0 45.

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265 kathA-sAhitya sAgaragaNikRta saM0 1657, evaM puNyanandanagaNi tathA do ajJAtakartRka ), anaMgasiMhAdikathA', dvAdazakathA ( lakSmIsUri tathA ajJAtakartRka), dvAdazabhAvanAkathA, dvAdazavratakathA' (caritrakIrtigaNi). dazadRSTAntacaritra ( anantahaMsa saM0 1571), dazadRSTAntakathA (abhayadharmavAcaka), dazazrAvakacaritra ( zubhavardhana saM0 1542), dAnacatuSTayakathA', dharmAkhyAnakoza (vinayacandra ), dharmopadezakathA, dhanamitrAdikathA, kanakazreSThyAdikathA,12 DhaNDhaNakumArAdikathA,13 modakAdikathA, vajrAyudhAdikathA,15 vArSikakathAsaMgraha,16 veNavatsarAjAdInAMkathA, zikSAcatuSTayakathA, zrAvakadinakRtyadRSTAntakathA, zrAvakavratakathAsaMgraha, sanatkumArAdikathAsaMgraha (48 kathAe~ ), zrISeNakumArAdikathA, smaranarendrAdikathA,3 somabhImAdikathA, saptanihnavakathA,5 hasvakathAsaMgraha (saM0 1413), paMcANuvratakathA, pArzvanAthacaritrasambaddhadazadRSTAntakathA," purudevapaMcakalyANakathA, bharatASTapaTTanupacaritra, caturazItidharmakathA, dvAviMzatiparISahakathA Adi / __ ina kathAkozoM meM cAra prakAra kI ArAdhanA-tapa, zIla, jJAna, bhAvanA tathA ahiMsAdi 12 vrata, dAna, pUjA Adi ke vividha prakAroM ke mAhAtmya tathA jJAnapaMcamI Adi vratoM evaM paryo tathA tIrthoM ke mAhAtmya ke atirikta nItikathA viSayaka prANikathAe~ evaM rocaka parIkathAoM, adbhuta kathAoM aura mugdha kathAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| dharmakathA-sAhitya kI svataMtra racanAe~: pUrvokta vizAla paurANika sAhitya tathA kathAkozoM meM jo aneka prakAra ke kathAnaka Aye haiM unameM se anekoM ko svataMtra racanA ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 6. 2-7. vahI, pR0 184. 8. vahI, pR0 172. 9. vahI, pR0 194. 10. vahI, pR0 115. 11. vahI, pR0 187. 12. vahI, pR. 64. 13. vahI, pR0 151. 14. vahI, pR0 315. 15. vahI, pR0 340. 16. vahI, pR0 348. 17. vahI, pR0 365. 18. vahI, pR0 383. 19. vahI, pR0 392. 20. vahI, pR. 394. 21. vahI, pR0 412. 22. vahI, pR0 398. 23. vahI, pR0 456. 24. vahI, pR. 452. 25. vahI, pR0 415. 26 vahI, pR0 463. 27. vahI, pR0 230. 28. vahI, pR0 244. 29. vahI, pR0 253. 30. vahI, pR0 292. 31. vahI, pR0 113. 32. vinaya bhakti sundara caraNa granthamAlA, 5 vAM puSpa, vi0 saM0 1996.

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266 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gayA hai| isake atirikta aneka laukika kathAoM ko dharmakathA ke rUpa meM pariNata karane ke lie unameM yatra-tatra parivartana kara kalpita dharmakathA-sAhitya kI sRSTi kI gaI hai| dharmakathA-sAhitya kI svataMtra racanAoM ko hama vibhinna zailiyoM meM dekha sakate haiN| ina zailiyoM kA vyaktigata racanAoM ke paricaya ke sAtha hamane saMketa kara diyA hai| unakI anya vizeSatAoM ko dikhAne se grantha kA kalevara bar3hane kA bhaya hai isalie jahA~ jaisI AvazyakatA huI hai usakI ora saMketa mAtra kara diyA hai| svataMtra racanAoM ke varNana-krama meM hamane eka suvidhAjanaka vargIkaraNa kA avalambana liyA hai jise vaijJAnika yA AlocanAtmaka vargIkaraNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kahIM hamane ghaTanAoM yA kathAsUtra kA eka-sA anukaraNa karanevAlI racanAoM kA paricaya diyA hai to kahIM eka se kalpanAbandha ( Motif) vAlI kRtiyoM kA, kahIM puruSapAtra pradhAna kahAniyoM kA to kahIM strIpAtra-pradhAna kathAoM kA ekatra vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| sAtha hI tIrthoM, paryoM evaM stotroM ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karanevAlI kathAoM kA paricaya bhI eka krama meM dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| anta meM parIkathAoM, mugdhakathAoM aura prANikathArUpI nItisaMbaMdhI kathAoM para jaina kathAkAroM kI saphala racanAoM kA paricaya diyA hai / puruSapAtra-pradhAna pramukha racanAe~: __ samarAiccakahA-yaha dharmakathA ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta bhASA kA vizAla grantha hai|' isameM 9 prakaraNa haiM jo 9 bhavanAma se kahe gaye haiN| isameM jaina mahArASTrI 1. jinaratnakoza, pR. 419, billiyothekA iNDikA sirIja, kalakattA, 1926; viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 523525; saMskRta-chAyA sahita do bhAgoM meM kramazaH 1938 aura 1942 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita; bhava 1, 2, 6, madhusUdana modI, aMgrejI anuvAda evaM bhUmikA, ahamadAbAda, san 1933-36, bhava 2, gorekRta aMgrejI bhUmikA, anuvAdasahita, pUnA, 1955; isa para kavi padmavijaya ne nau khaNDau evaM geya DhAloM meM saM0 1839-42 meM gujarAtI rAsa likhA hai; isa para zivajI devasI zAha ne upanyAsa likhA hai jise meghajI hIrajI ne bambaI se prakAzita kiyA; dUsarA upanyAsa 'vairanA vipAka' zIrSaka

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kathA-sAhitya 267 prAkRta gadya kI pradhAnatA hai para usameM bhI yatra-tatra zaurasenI kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| bIca-bIca meM padya bhAga bhI haiM jo AryA chandoM meM haiM para dvipadI. vipulA Adi chandoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| bhASA sarala aura pravAhapUrNa hai / subaMdhu aura bANa ke granthoM jaisI jaTila bhASA kA yadyapi isameM prayoga nahIM huA hai phira bhI yatra-tatra varNana-prasaMga meM lambe samAsoM aura upamA Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai jisase kartA kA kAvya-kauzala jJAta hotA hai| isake kitaneka varNana bANa kI kAdambarI aura zrIharSa kI ratnAvali se prabhAvita hai| isa vizAla racanA kA granthAna 10000 zloka-pramANa hai| isa kathAgrantha meM do hI AtmAoM ke nau mAnavabhavoM kA vistRta evaM sarala varNana hai / ve haiM : ujjaina ke nareza samarAditya ( pIche samarAditya kevalI ) aura unheM agni dvArA bhasmasAt karane meM tatpara girisena cANDAla / eka apane pUrva bhavoM se pApoM kA pazcAttApa, kSamA, maitrI Adi bhAvanAoM dvArA uttarottara vikAsa karatA hai aura anta meM paramajJAnI aura mukta ho jAtA hai to dUsarA pratizodha kI bhAvanA lie saMsAra meM burI taraha pha~sA rahatA hai / ___ kathAvastu-samarAditya aura girisena apane mAnavabhavoM ke navave bhavapUrva meM kramazaH rAjaputra guNasena aura purohitaputra agnizarmA the| agnizarmA kI kurUpatA kI guNasena nAnA prakAra se hasI ur3AyA karatA thA jisase virakta hokara agnizarmA ne dIkSA le lI aura mAsopavAsa saMyama kA pAlana kiyaa| rAjyapada pAne para guNasena ne agnizarmA tapasvI ko kramazaH tIna bAra AhAra ke lie AmaMtrita kiyA kintu tInoM bAra rAjakAja meM vyasta hone se use bhojana na karA skaa| isase agnizarmA ne yaha samajha liyA ki rAjA ne vaira lene ke lie hI use itanI bAra nimaMtrita kara AhAra se baMcita rakhA hai| isase kruddha hokara usane mAraNAntika saMlekhanA dvArA prANa-tyAga karate samaya isa bAta kA nidAna ( phalecchA) kiyA ki 'mere tapa, saMyama aura tyAga kA yadi koI phala milanA hai to maiM janma-janmAntaroM meM isa pravaMcanA kA guNasena ke jIva se use mAra-mArakara badalA letA rhuuN|' isa se bhImajI harajIvana 'suzIla' ne bhAvanagara se saMvat 2002 meM; isakA hindI anuvAda (zrI kastUramala bAMThiyA) jinadattasUri sevAsaMgha, madrAsabambaI se saM0 2021 meM prakAzita; isa mahAgraMtha kA gujarAtI anuvAda hemasAgarasUri ne Anandahema granthamAlA (31-33), khArAkuvA, bambaI se san 1966 I0 meM prakAzita karAyA hai|

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268 nidAna ke kAraNa agnizarmA kA uttarottara use anta meM 'aho isakI mahAnubhAvatA' dvArA sva-saMbodhana nahIM huA / jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa adhaHpatana hotA rahA jaba taka ki agnizarmA kI pratizodha - bhAvanA kA krama bhAvI ATha mAnava bhavoM taka calatA rahA / ve agale bhavoM meM kramazaH ( 2 ) pitA-putra ke rUpa meM siMha- Ananda, ( 3 ) putra aura mAtA ke rUpa meM zikhi - jAlinI, (4) pati aura patnI ke rUpa meM dhana-dhanazrI, (5) sahodara ke rUpa meM jaya-vijaya, ( 6 ) pati aura bhAryA ke rUpa meM dharaNa- lakSmI, (7) cacere bhAI ke rUpa meM rAjakumAra guNacandra aura vAnamantara vidyAdhara tathA anta meM aura girisena hue / sena- viSeNa, ( 8 ) ( 9 ) samarAditya ina nau bhavoM ( prakaraNoM) meM anekoM avAntara kathAe~ dI gaI haiM : prathama bhava meM vijayasena AcArya kI; dUsare meM amaragupta-dharmaghoSa avadhijJAnI kI ; tIsare meM vijayasiMha AcArya kI; cauthe meM yazodhara - nayanAvalI kI ; paMcama meM sanatkumAra kI; chaThe bhava meM arhadatta kI; sAtaveM meM kevalI sAdhvI kI ; AThaveM meM vijayadharma kI tathA navaveM bhava meM pAMca antarkathAe~ dI gaI haiM jinakA uddezya janmajanmAntara ke karmaphaloM kA vivecana karanA hI hai / isakI avAntara kathAe~ paravartI aneka racanAoM kI upajIvya rahI haiM / cauthe bhava kI antarkathA yazodhara para to 24 se adhika prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM kAvya likhe gaye haiM prArambha meM granthakAra ne apanI kathA ke srota rUpa meM prApta ATha' saMgrahaNI gAthAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM tIna isa prakAra haiM : guNaseNa- agnisammA sIhA-gaMdA ya taha piA-puttA / sihi-jAliNI mAi-suo, dhaNa-dharaNasirio ya pai-bhajjA // 1 // jaya-vijayA ya sahoara, dharaNo lacchIya taha paI-bhajjA / seNa-viseNa pittia, uttA jaMmaMmi sattamae ||2|| guNacanda - bANamantara samarAicca giriseNa pANoya / saMsAro // 3 // egassa tao mukkho, NaMto aNNassa . 1. ina gAthAoM meM nAyaka - pratinAyaka ke nau mAnava bhavAntaroM ke nAma, unakA sambandha, unakI nivAsa nagariyA~ evaM mAnavabhavoM meM maraNa ke pazcAt prApta svarga-narakoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM / ye gAthAe~ kathAnaka kI rUparekhA jaisI lagatI haiM aura svayaM granthakAra ne likhI hoM yaha sambhAvanA hai /

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kathA-sAhitya 269 ___ ina gAthAoM ke sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai ki ye haribhadra (granthakAra ) ke guru ne haribhadra ke pAsa eka prasaMga meM utpanna krodha ko zAnta karane ke lie bhejI thIM, jinako AdhAra banAkara samarAiccakahA kI racanA kI gaI thii| satya jo ho para ina gAthAoM ke prAcIna srota kA patA nahIM lagatA, phira bhI inakI vyAkhyA rUpa meM jisa bhavya kathA-prAsAda ko khar3A kiyA gayA vaha bhavya evaM adbhuta hai| isameM samAja ke vibhinna vargoM-nAI, dhobI, carmakAra, machue, cir3ImAra, cANDAla se lekara brAhmaNa, kSatriya (ThAkura), vaizyoM (vyApArI evaM sArthavAhoM) ke calate-phirate citra dekhane ko milate haiM aura unameM bhArata kI madhyakAlIna saMskRti kA udAtta evaM bhavya rUpa bhI / ' racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA prasiddha haribhadrasUri ( vi0 saM0 757-827 ) haiM jinakA paricaya aura racanAoM kA vivaraNa isa itihAsamAlA ke tRtIya bhAga (pR0 40 aura 359.63) meM diyA gayA hai / isa kathAnaka ke saMgaThana meM haribhadrasUri ne apanI pUrvavartI racanAoM vasudevahiNDI, uvAsagadasAo, vipAkasUtra, uttarAdhyayana, nAyAdhammakahAo prabhRti jainagranthoM se tathA mahAbhArata, avadAna sAhitya tathA guNADhya kI bRhatkathA prabhRti jainetara sAhitya se sahAyatA lI hai aura apanI kalpanAzakti tathA saMvedanazIlatA se samarAiccakahA ko sarasa evaM prabhAvotpAdaka banAyA hai / paravartI kathAkAroM ko isa kathAgrantha ne bahuta hI prabhAvita kiyA hai / kuvalayamAlAkAra udyotanasUri ne isakA 'samaramiyaMkAkahAre nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| isa para saM0 1874 meM kSamAkalyANa aura sumativardhana ne TippaNI likhI hai jo mUla kA prAyaH saMskRta chAyA rUpa hai| 1. isake lie dekheM, DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA mAlocanAtmaka parizIlana, navama prakaraNa; DA. jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 394-411. 2. jo i chai bhavaviraha, bhavavirahaM ko na baMdhae suynno| samayasayasatthakusalo samaramiyaMkA kahA jassa // premI abhinandana grantha meM muni puNyavijayajI kA lekha : AcArya haribhadrasUri aura unakI samaramiyaMkAkahA. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 419.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa samarAdityacaritra nAma se mativardhanakRta eka anya laghu racanA upalabdha hai|' isI taraha mANikyasUrikRta samarabhAnucaritra' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / 270 samarAdityasaMkSepa - yaha haribhadrasUrikRta prAkRta 'samarAiccakahA' kA saMskRta bhASA meM chandobaddha sAra hai / isa sAra kI bhASA ati saMkSipta hote hue bhI AlaMkArika kAvya ke guNoM se pUrNa hai / yaha kRti upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, zleSa Adi arthAlaMkAra aura anuprAsa, yamaka Adi zabdAlaMkAroM se bharapUra hai / isameM sArvajanIna bhAvasUcaka vAkyAMza yA padya pracura mAtrA meM milate haiM jinakA vidhivat saMgraha subhASita sAhitya ke lie eka bar3I dena hogI / kucha udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta haiM : 1. svapratijJAM na muJcanti mahArAja tapasvinaH / 1.165 2. naivocitaM puMsAM mitradoSa prakAzanam / 2. 199 3. abjeSu zrInivAseSu kRmayo na bhavanti kim / 4. 163 4. bhavantyaparamArthajJAH janA viSayalolupAH / 6. 329 5. mahatAmupakAro hi sadyaH phalati nirmitaH / 8. 267 bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha nUtana sAmagrI se samRddha hai / isameM kucha aise zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai jo kevala veda aura mahAbhArata meM hI milate haiM; kucha aise aprasiddha zabda haiM jo vyAkaraNoM meM hI upalabdha haiM; kucha aise aprayukta zabda haiM jo koSoM meM milate haiM para sAhitya meM prAyaH kama hI prayukta hue haiM aura kucha aise naye zabda haiN| jo prakAzita koSoM meM nahIM dikhAI par3ate / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isa kRti ke kartA pradyumnasUri' haiM jinhoMne isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1324 ( 1268 I0 ) meM kI thii| graMtha ke anta meM dI gayI 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 419; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1915. 2. vahI, pR0 416; 3200 granthAgra- pramANa . 3. navaM kartumazaktena mayA mandadhiyAdhikam / prAkRtaM gadyapadyaM tat saMskRtaM padyamucyate // 1.30 4. isa viSaya para vizeSa vivecana ke lie dekheM : DA0 i0 DI0 kulakarNI kA lekha : laeNgveja bhApha samarAdisya saMkSepa Apha pradyumnasUri, Ala iNDiyA bhori0 varSa 20, bhAga 2, pR0 241. pradyumnasya kaveH lakSmIjAniH kimabhidhaH hitA / 0 kA0, 11 kumArasiMha ityukte ..........

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kathA-sAhitya 271 prazasti se patA calatA hai ki pradyumnasUri candragaccha ke the| gRhastha avasthA meM unake mAtA-pitA kA nAma kumArasiMha aura lakSmI thaa| grantha ke Adi meM unhoMne apanI guruparamparA dI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki unakA sAmAnya zikSaNa kanakaprabhasUri se huA thaa| isake atirikta naracandra maladhArI ne unheM uttarAdhyayana aura vijayasena ne nyAya tathA padmacandra ne Avazyaka sUtra par3hAyA thaa|' __ pradyumnasUri eka bar3e bhArI Alocaka vidvAn pratIta hote haiM kyoMki unhoMne kaI kRtiyoM kA saMzodhana evaM pariSkAra kiyA thaa| inake dvArA saMzodhita kRtiyoM kA yathA prasaMga ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dhUrtAkhyAna-AcArya haribhadra ne dharmakathA kA eka adbhuta rUpa AviSkRta kiyA hai jo dhUrtAkhyAna' ke rUpa meM bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya meM vicitra kRti hai / isameM bar3e vinodAtmaka DhaMga se rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANoM ke atiraMjita caritroM aura kathAnakoM para vyaMgya karate hue unheM nirarthaka siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / yaha pracura hAsya aura vyaMgya se paripUrNa racanA hai / isameM 480 ke lagabhaga prAkRta gAthAe~ haiM jo pA~ca AkhyAnoM meM vibhakta haiN| yaha sampUrNa kRti sarala prAkRta meM likhI gaI hai| kathAvastu-ujjainI ke udyAna meM dhUrtavidyA meM pravINa pA~ca dhUrta apane saikar3oM anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha saMyogavaza ikaDe hue| pA~ca dhUrtoM meM 4 puruSa the aura eka strii| varSA lagAtAra ho rahI thI aura khAne-pIne kA prabandha karanA kaThina pratIta ho rahA thA / pA~coM daloM ke mukhiyoM ne vicAra-vimarza kiyaa| unameM se prathama mUladeva ne yaha prastAva kiyA ki hama pA~coM apane-apane anubhava kI kathA kahakara sunaayeN| use sunakara dUsare apane kathAnaka dvArA use sambhava kreN| jo aisA na kara sake aura AkhyAna ko asambhava batalAve, vahI usa dina samasta dhUrtI ke bhojana kA kharca uThAve / mUladeva, kaMDarIka, elASAr3ha, zaza' nAmaka dhUrta 1.1.22-25. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 198; siMghI jaina granthamAlA (saM0 15), bambaI, 1944; isa para DA0 upAdhye kI aMgrejI prastAvanA vizeSarUpa se paThanIya hai| mUladeva aura zaza ekadama kAlpanika nAma nahIM hai| mUladeva ko caurazAstra pravartaka mAnA jAtA hai aura 'caturbhANI' meM zaza kA ullekha mUladeva ke mitra ke rUpa meM milatA hai|

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272 jana sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rAjoM ne apane-apane asAdhAraNa anubhava sunAye, unakA samarthana bhI purANoM ke alaukika vRttAntoM dvArA kiyaa| pA~cavA~ AkhyAna khaMDapAnA nAma kI dhUrtanI kA thaa| usane apane vRttAnta meM nAnA asambhava ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA, jinakA samAdhAna kramazaH una dhUrtoM ne paurANika vRttAntoM dvArA kara diyA, phira usane eka adbhuta AkhyAna kahakara una sabako apane bhAge hue naukara siddha kiyA tathA kahA ki yadi usa para vizvAsa hai to use saba svAminI mAneM aura vizvAsa nahIM to saba use bhoja (dAvata) deM tabhI ve saba usakI parAjaya se baca skeNge| usakI isa caturAI se cakita ho saba dhUrtoM ne lAcArI meM use svAminI mAna liyaa| phira usane apanI dhUrtatA se eka seTha dvArA ratnamudrikA pAI aura use becakara evaM khAdya-sAmagrI kharIda kara dhUrtoM ko AhAra kraayaa| sabhI dhUtoM ne usakI pratyutpannamati ke lie sAdhuvAda kiyA aura svIkAra kiyA ki puruSoM se strI adhika buddhimAna hotI hai| . isa dhvanyAtmaka zailI dvArA lekhaka ne asaMbhava, mithyA aura kalpanIya bAtoM kA nirAkaraNa kara svastha, sadAcArI aura saMbhava AkhyAnoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| isake racayitA prasiddha haribhadrasUri haiM jinakA paricaya isa itihAsa ke tRtIya bhAga meM diyA gayA hai| isa kathA kA AdhAra jinadAsagaNi (7vIM zatI kA uttarArdha) kRta nizIthacUrNi mAlUma hotA hai| vahA~ ina dhUtoM kI kathA laukika mRSAvAda ke rUpa meM dI gaI hai jise haribhadra ne eka viziSTa vyaGgya-dhvanyAtmaka zailI dvArA vikasita kara prastuta kiyA hai| haribhadra ke puSTa vyaGgya aura upahAsa hameM pAzcAtya lekhaka sviphTa tathA vAlTeyara kI yAda dilAte haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya meM yadyapi vyaGgya milate haiM para avikasita aura mizra rUpa meN| haribhadra kI yaha kRti unase bahuta Age hai| isake Adarza para paravartI aneka racanAe~ likhI gaI haiM, yathA apabhraMza dharmaparIkSA ( hariSeNa aura zrutakIrti) aura saMskRta dharmaparIkSA ( amitgti)| eka anya saMskRta dhUrtAkhyAna kA ullekha milatA hai jo ukta racanA kA rUpAntara hai| dharmaparIkSA-kathA-dhUrtAkhyAna kI vyaGgyAtmaka zailIrUpa se prAkRta aura saMskRta meM dharmaparIkSA nAma ke aneka grantha likhe gaye haiN| unameM kucha ko chor3a 1. DA0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, dhUrtAkhyAna ina di nizIthacUrNi, AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka grantha, bambaI, 1956. 2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 199.

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kathA-sAhitya 273 adhikAMza choTo-bar3o kathAoM ke acche saMgraha haiN| yahA~ hama kucha kA paricaya 1. dharmaparIkSA-yaha prAkRta gAthAoM meM likhA huA grantha kavi jayarAma ne viracita kiyA thaa| isakA ullekha hariSeza ne apanI apabhraMza dharmaparIkSA meM kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki unakI yaha apabhraMza racanA jayagamakRta dharmaparIkSA para AdhArita hai|' jayarAma ke jIvanavRtta aura racanAoM ke sambaMdha meM adhika nahIM mAlUma hai| 2. dharmaparIkSA-yaha eka saMskRta grantha hai| isameM ikkIsa pariccheda haiN| sArA grantha eka sundara kathA ke rUpa meM zlokabaddha hai| isameM zlokoM kI saMkhyA 1945 hai| isa grantha kA mUla uddezya haribhadra ke dhUrtAkhyAna ke samAna hI anya dharmoM kI paurANika kathAoM kI asatyatA ko, unase adhika kRtrima, asaMbhava evaM samAnAntara uTapaTAMga AkhyAna kaha kara siddha karanA hai aura unase vimukha kara saccI dhAmika zraddhA utpanna karanA hai / yahA~ aneka choTe-bar3e kathAnaka diye gaye haiM jinameM dhUrtatA aura mUrkhatA kI kathAoM kA bAhulya hai| kathA manovega aura pavanavega do mitroM ke saMvAdarUpa meM calatI hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA amitagati haiM jo kASThAsaMghamAthurasaMgha ke vidvAn the| inakI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai-vIrasena, unake ziSya devasena, devasena ke ziSya amitagati (prathama), unake nemiSeNa, nemiSeNa ke mAdhavasena aura unake ziSya amitagati / inakI anya racanAe~ haiM : subhASita-ratnasandoha, paMcasaMgraha, upAsakAcAra, ArAdhanA, sAmAyikapATha, bhAvanAdvAtriMzikA, yogasAraprAbhRta Adi / amitagati dhArAnareza bhoja ke sabhA ke ratna the| prastuta kRti ko kavi ne do mahIne meM hI raca DAlI thii| isakA racanAkAla vikrama saM0 1070 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 189; gyArahavIM mAla iNDiyA mori0 kAnphareMsa, 1941 (haidarAbAda ) meM paThita DA0 mA0 ne0 upAdhye kA lekha. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 190, hindI anuvAda, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1908; jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI, kalakattA, 1908; viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 563 mAdi meM sAra diyA gayA hai; ena. mironova, Di dharmaparIkSA Desa amitagati, lAijiga, 1908. 3. amitagatirivedaM svasya mAsadvayena / prathita vizadakIrtiH kAvyamudbhUtadoSam // 18

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244 jena sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa haiM / kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki amitagati ne apanA yaha grantha jayarAmakRta prAkRta dharmaparIkSA yA hariSeNakRta apabhraMza dharmaparIkSA donoM meM se kisI eka ke AdhAra se banAyA hai| kathAnaka, pAtroM ke nAma Adi dhammaparikkhA aura dharmaparIkSA ke bilkula eka haiN| saMbhavataH isIlie usake banane meM kevala do hI mahIne lage hoN| 3. dharmaparIkSA-yaha dharmaparIkSA saM0 1645 meM tapAgacchIya dharmasAgara ke ziSya padmasAgaragaNi ne likhI hai| isameM kula milAkara 1474 zloka haiM jinameM 1250 ke lagabhaga to amitagati kI dharmaparIkSA se hUbahU le liye gaye haiN| donoM meM manovega-pavanavega kI pradhAna kathA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya mAnya kucha bAtoM meM parivartana kiyA gayA hai para aneka sthaloM meM digambara mAnya bAteM raha gaI hai| 4. dharmaparIkSA-isakI racanA tapAgacchIya somasundara ke ziSya jinamaNDanagaNi ( 15vIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka) ne 1800 granthAna-pramANa kI hai| jinamaNDana kI anya kRtiyoM meM kumArapAlaprabaMdha (saM0 1492 ) tathA zrAddhaguNasaMgrahavivaraNa (saM0 1498) milate haiN| 5. dharmaparIkSA-isameM manovega aura pavanavega nAmaka do mitroM kA saMvAda atyanta ramaNIya hai| cUMki pavanavega daivavaza se saddharma kI bhAvanA se vimukha thA aura anya dharmAvalambI ho gayA thA, isalie manovega ne rUpa badalakara vidvAnoM kI sabhA meM pavanavega ko nAnA prakAra ke dRSTAntoM dvArA pratibodha karAyA aura use vividha prakAra kI yuktiyoM se samajhAkara saddharma meM sthira kiyaa| pavanavega ne bhI apanI bhUla sudhArakara manovega ke vacana ko sviikaaraa| isa grantha meM sad-asaddharma kA acchA vivecana hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 190; devacandra lAlabhAI pustaka0 (saM0 15), bambaI, 1913; hemacandra sabhA, pATana, saM0 1978. 2. tulanA ke lie dekheM-jaina hitaiSI, bhAga 13, pR0 314 Adi meM prakAzita paM0 jugalakizora mukhtyAra kA lekha-dharmaparIkSA kI parIkSA; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 586, TippaNa 513. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 190; jaina AtmAnanda sabhA (saM0 97 ), bhAvanagara, saM0 1974.

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kathA-sAhitya 275 yaha anuSTubh chandoM meM nirmita hai aura 16 paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti meM kartA kI guruparamparA dI gaI hai| tadanusAra zrIpAlacaritra ke racayitA labdhisAgarasUri ( saM0 1557 ) ke ziSya saubhAgyasAgara ne saM0 1571 meM isakI racanA kI aura anantahaMsa ne isakA saMzodhana kiyaa|' dharmaparIkSA nAma kI racanAoM meM 17vIM zatAbdI meM zrutakIrti' evaM pArzvakIrti3 kRta dharmaparIkSA kathAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| lagabhaga usI zatAbdI meM rAmacandra digambara ne pUjyapAdAnvayI padmanandi ke ziSya devacandra ke anurodha para saMskRta meM dharmaparIkSAkathA kI racanA kii| isakA granthAna 900 zloka-pramANa hai| varaMga jainamaTha meM kisI vAdisiMharacita dharmaparIkSA hone kA ullekha milatA hai| 18vIM zatAbdI meM tapAgacchIya vijayaprabhasUri (saM0 1710-1748) ke zAsanakAla meM jayavijaya ke ziSya mAnavijaya ne apane ziSya devavijaya ke lie eka dharmaparIkSA kI racanA kI hai| yazovijayakRta dharmaparIkSA tathA devasenakRta dharmaparIkSA bhI milatI haiM para unakA viSaya dhArmika siddhAntoM kA prarUpaNa karanA hai| kaI ajJAtakartRkadharmaparIkSAyeM milatI haiM para unakA pratipAdya viSaya jJAta nahIM hai| manovegakathA-yaha amitagati kI dharmaparIkSA ke samAna hI parihAsapUrNa kathAsaMgraha hai jo saMskRta gadya meM likhA gayA hai / racayitA kA nAma ajJAta hai|' manovega-pavanavegakathAnaka-yaha bhI ukta dharmaparIkSA ke samAna manovegapavanavega kI pradhAna kathA ko lekara upahAsapUrNa kathAoM kA saMgraha hai|' kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 190, muktivimala jaina granthamAlA, granyAMka 13, ahamadAbAda. 2. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, lekhAMka 524. 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 19.. 4. vahI. 5-6. vahI, pR0 301.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jaina kaviyoM ne rUpakAtmaka ( Allegorical ) zailI meM bhI dharmakathA kahane kA upakrama kiyA hai / 276 upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathA -- isa kathA meM caturgatirUpa saMsAra kA vistAra, upamAdvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isakI saMskRta meM samAsa dvArA isa prakAra vyutpatti hai : upamitikRto narakatiryaGnarAmaragaticatuSkarUpo bhavaH tasya prapaJco yasmin iti arthAt nArakI, tiryaJca, manuSya aura devagatirUpa bhava = saMsAra kA vistAra jisa kathA meM upamiti = upamA kA viSaya banAyA gayA ho, vaha kathA upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathA kahalAtI hai / siddharSigaNa ne apane zabdoM meM use isa prakAra kahA hai : kathA zarIrametasyA nAmnaiva pratipAditam / bhavaprapanno vyAjena yato'syAmupamIyate / / 55 / / yato'nubhUyamAno'pi parokSa iva lakSyate / ayaM saMsAravistArastato vyAkhyAnamarhati || 56 // yaha grantha ATha prastAvoM meM vibhakta hai jinameM bhavaprapaMca kI kathA ke sAtha prasaMgavaza nyAya, darzana, Ayurveda, jyotiSa, sAmudrika, nimittazAstra, svapnazAstra, dhAtuvidyA, vinoda, vyApAra, durvyasana, yuddhanIti, rAjanIti, nadI, nagara Adi kA varNana pracura mAtrA meM kiyA gayA hai / kathAvastu -- adRSTamUlaparyanta nagara meM eka kurUpa daridra bhikSu rahatA thA jo ki aneka rogoM se pIr3ita thA / usakA nAma 'niSpuNyaka' thA / bhikSA meM use jo kucha sUkhA bhojana milatA thA usase usakI bubhukSA zAnta na hotI thI balki bar3hatI hI gaI / eka samaya vaha usa nagara ke rAjA susthita ke mahala meM bhikSA hetu gayA / 'dharmabodhakara' rasoiye aura rAjA kI putrI 'taddayA' ne use susvAdu aura 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 53; bibliyothekA iNDikA sirIja, kalakattA, 1899-1914; devacanda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa ( saM0 46 ), bambaI, 1918 - 20; viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 526-532 meM kathAnaka kA vivaraNa vistAra se prastuta hai; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 182-186; isakA jarmana anuvAda DablyU * kirkela ne kiyA hai, lAipjiga, 1924; gujarAtI anuvAda - motIcandra giradharalAla kApar3iyA, tIna bhAgoM meM ( pR0 2100), zrI kApar3iyA ne isa kathA para vistRta samIkSAtmaka grantha 'siddharSi' bhI likhA hai /

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kathA-sAhitya 277 svAsthyaprada bhojana diyA, AkhoM meM 'vimalAloka' aMjana lagAyA aura 'tattvaprItikara' jala se mukhazuddhi kraaii| dhIre-dhIre vaha svastha hone lagA para bahuta samaya taka apane purAne asvAsthyakara AhAra ko chor3a na sakA / taba ukta rasoiye ne 'sabuddhi' nAmaka dhAya ko usakI sevA ke lie rakha diyaa| isase usakI bhojana-azuddhi dUra huI aura isa taraha niSpuNyaka sapuNyaka bana gayA / aba vaha apanI isa auSadhi kA lAbha dUsaroM ko dene kA prayatna karane lgaa| para use pahale se jAnanevAle loga usa para vizvAsa nahIM karate the| taba 'sabuddhi' dhAya ne salAha dI ki apanI tInoM auSadhiyoM ko kASThapAtra meM rakhakara rAjamahala ke AMgaNa meM rakheM tAki pratyeka vyakti unase svayaM lAbha uThA ske| kavi ne prathama prastAva ke antima padyoM meM isa rUpaka kA khulAsA kiyA hai| 'adRSTamUlaparyanta' nagara to yaha saMsAra hai aura 'niSpuNyaka' anya koI nahIM svayaM kavi hai| rAjA 'susthita' jinarAja haiM aura unakA 'mahala' jainadharma hai| 'dharmabodhakara' rasoiyA guru hai aura usakI putrI 'taddayA' unakI dayAdRSTi / jJAna hI 'aMjana' hai, saccI zraddhA 'mukhazuddhikara nala' tathA saccaritra hI svAdiSTa bhojana' hai| 'sabuddhi' hI puNya kA mArga hai aura vaha 'kASThapAtra evaM usameM rakhA bhojana, malhama (maMjana ) aura aMjana' Age varNita kathAnusAra haiN| anantakAla se vidyamAna manujagati nAma ke nagara meM 'karmapariNAma' nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| vaha bar3A zaktizAlI, krUra tathA kaThora daNDa dene vAlA thaa| usane apane vinoda ke lie bhavabhramaNa nATaka karAyA, jisameM nAnA rUpa dhAraNakara jagat ke prANI bhAga le rahe the| isa nATaka se vaha bar3A khuza rahatA thA aura usakI rAnI 'kAlapariNati' bhI usake sAtha isa nATaka kA rasa letI thii| use putra kI icchA huI aura putra utpanna hone para pitA kI ora se usakA 'bhavya' tathA mAtA kI ora se 'sumati' nAma rakhA gyaa| usI nagara meM 'sadAgama' nAma ke AcArya the| rAjA unase bahuta DaratA thA kyoMki ve usake usa nATaka kA raMgabhaMga kara dete the aura kitane hI abhinetAoM ko usa nATaka se chur3Akara 'nivRti nagara' meM jA basAyA thaa| vaha nagara usake rAjya ke bAhara thA aura vahA~ sabhI bar3e Ananda se rahate the| eka bAra 'prajJAvizAlA' nAmaka dvArapAlI rAjakumAra 'bhavya' kI bheMTa 'sadAgama' AcArya se karAne meM saphala huI, aura bhAgya se rAjakumAra ko unase zikSA lene kI AjJA bhI rAjA-rAnI se mila gaI / eka samaya jaba ki sadAgama apane upadezoM ko bAjAra meM de rahA thA, usa samaya eka kolAhala sunAI diyaa| usa samaya 'saMsArIjIva' nAmaka cora pakar3A gayA aura jaba nyAyAlaya meM kolAhalapUrvaka bhejA jA rahA thA taba

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278 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'prajJAvizAlA' ne dayApUrvaka use sadAgama AcArya ke Azraya meM lA diyaa| vahA~ vaha mukta hokara apanI kathA nimna prakAra kahane lagA___maiM sabase pahale sthAvara loka meM vanaspati rUpa se paidA huA aura 'ekendriya nagara' meM rahane lagA aura vahIM pRthvIkAya, jalakAyAdi gRhoM meM kabhI yahA~ kabhI vahA~ rahane lgaa| isake bAda choTe kIr3e-makor3e tathA bar3e hAthI Adi tiryaJcoM (trasaloka) meM janmA aura bhttkaa| bahuta kAla taka duHkha bhogakara anta meM manuSya paryAya meM rAjaputra nandivardhana huaa| yadyapi merA eka adRSTa mitra 'puNyodaya' thA, jisakA maiM ina saphalatAoM ke lie kRtajJa hU~ kintu eka dUsare mitra vaizvAnara ke kAraNa gumarAha rahane lgaa| isI kAraNa acche-acche guruoM aura upadezakoM kI zikSAye mujha para viphala huii| vaizvAnara kA prabhAva bar3hatA hI gayA aura anta meM usane rAjA durbuddhi aura rAnI niSkaruNA kI putrI 'hiMsA' se vivAha karA diyaa| isa kusaMgati se maiMne khUba AkheTa khelA aura asaMkhya jIvoM kA zikAra kiyaa| corI, dyUta Adi vyasanoM meM bhI kukhyAti prApta kii| yathA samaya maiM apane pitA kA uttarAdhikArI rAjA bnaa| isa darpa meM maiMne aneka ghora karma kiye| yahAM taka ki eka rAjadUta ko usake mAtA-pitA, strI, bandhu evaM sahAyakoM sahita maravA DAlA | eka bAra eka yuvaka se merI lar3AI ho par3I aura hama donoM ne eka-dUsare ko vedhakara mArA ddaalaa| phira hama donoM nAnA pApayoniyoM meM utpanna hue aura phira siMha-mRga, bAja-kabUtara, ahi-nakula Adi rUpa se eka dUsare ke bhakSya-bhakSaka banate rahe / antataH maiM ripudAruNa nAma kA rAjakumAra huA tathA zailarAja (darpa) aura mRSAvAda mere mitra bne| inake prabhAva ke kAraNa mujhe puNyodaya se milane kA avasara na milaa| pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt maiM rAjA bnaa| maiMne pRthvI ke samrATa kI AjJA mAnane se inkAra kara diyaa| eka bAra eka jAdUgara ne mujhe 'nIcA dikhAyA aura mere hI sevakoM ne merA vadha kara diyaa| apane duSkRtyoM ke phalasvarUpa maiM agale janmoM meM naraka-tiryaJca yoniyoM meM bhaTakakara anta meM manuSya gati meM Akara seTha somadeva kA putra vAmadeva huaa| 'mRSAvAda, mAyA aura steya' mere mitra bane / eka seTha kI corI karane ke kAraNa mujhe phAMsI milI aura maiMne phira naraka aura tiryaJca lokoM kA cakkara kaattaa| maiM eka bAra punaH seTha-putra huaa| isa bAra 'puNyodaya' aura 'sAgara' (lobha) mere mitra bane / sAgara kI sahAyatA se maiMne atula dhanarAzi kmaaii| maiMne eka rAjakumAra se dostI kara usake sAtha samudra-yAtrA kI aura lobhavaza use mArakara usakA dhana har3apane kA prayatna kiyA, para samudra devatA ne usakI rakSA kI aura mujhe jala meM

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kathA-sAhitya pheMka diyaa| kisI prakAra maiM taTa para pahu~cA aura durdazA meM yatra-tatra bhramaNa karane lgaa| eka samaya jaba maiM dhana gAr3anA cAhatA thA to mujhe eka vaitAla ne khA liyaa| punaH naraka aura tiryaJca loka ke cakkara lagAkara maiM dhanavAhana nAmaka rAjakumAra huA aura apane cacere bhAI akalaMka ke sAtha bar3hane lgaa| akalaMka dharmAtmA jaina bana gayA aura usake dvArA maiM sadAgama AcArya ke samparka meM A gyaa| parantu mahAmoha aura parigraha se bhI merI mitratA ho jAtI hai aura maiM unake pUrNataH vazIbhUta ho gyaa| isase maiM nirdaya zAsaka bana gayA kintu durnIti ke kAraNa haTA diyA gayA aura duHkhapUrvaka marA / maiMne punaH naraka aura tiryaga loka kA bhramaNa kiyaa| isake bAda sAketa nagarI meM amRtodara nAma se manuSya huA, aura saMsArI jIvana ke uccastara para calane lgaa| eka janma meM rAjA guNadhAraNa huaa| yahA~ sadAgama aura samyagdarzana se merI maitrI huI jisase maiM dharmAtmA zrAvaka aura acchA zAsaka huA aura merA kSamA, mRdutA, RjutA, satya. zucitA Adi kumAriyoM se vivAha huaa| phalataH maiMne nyAyanIti se rAjya kiyA aura anta meM munivrata dhAraNa kiye tathA marakara deva huA aura phira manuSya / aba maiM vahI saMsArI jIva anusundara samrATa huuN| isa bAra mahAmoha kA mujha para koI prabhAva nahIM / sadAgama aura samyagdarzana hI mere antaraMga mitra haiN| isa samaya maiM sabake kalyANArtha apanA yahI anubhava sunAne ke lie cora ke rUpa meM upasthita huA hU~ aura punarjanmoM ke cakra ko kahatA huuN| isake bAda vaha saMsArI jIva apanA vRttAnta sunAkara dhyAnamagna ho gayA aura zarIra chor3a uttama svarga meM deva huA / mahatI kathA kA yaha uparyukta ati saMkSipta sAra hai| mUla meM samasta vRttAnta vistAra se sarala, sarasa aura sundara saMskRta gadya meM aura kahIM-kahIM padya meM vaNita hai / isameM bIca meM kucha bar3e aura kucha choTe padya Aye haiM aura pratyeka adhyAya kI samApti para bar3e-bar3e chanda bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| isameM anya bhAratIya AkhyAnoM ke samAna hI kathAnaka ke DhA~ce meM aneka upakathAe~ bhI samAviSTa kI gaI haiN| ___ yaha mUla kathA rUpaka ( Allegory ) yA rUpakoM ke rUpa meM hai kyoMki isameM na kevala pradhAna kathAnaka, balki anya kathAnaka bhI rUpaka ke rUpa meM hI haiN| para isameM rUpaka ke lakSaNa kA ThIka-ThIka pAlana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kavi svayaM do prakAra ke vyaktiyoM meM bheda kara detA hai| eka to nAyaka ke bAhya mitra aura dUsare antaraMga mitra / bhItarI mitroM ko hI vyaktyAtmaka evaM mUrtAtmaka

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280 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rUpa diyA gayA hai aura bhavacakra nATaka ke ve hI yathArtha pAtra haiM jinheM kavi zrAvakoM ke Age kholakara rakhanA cAhatA hai| siddharSi kA kahanA hai ki pAThakoM ko AkarSita karane ke lie usane rUpaka cunA hai tathA isI kAraNa usane prAkRta meM grantha na racakara saMskRta meM grantha likhA hai| kyoMki prAkRta azikSitoM ke lie hai jabaki zikSitoM ko unakI mithyAmAnyatAoM kA khaNDana karane ke lie aura apane mata meM lAne ke lie saMskRta ucita hai| unakA kahanA hai ki vaha aisI saMskRta likhegA jo savatra samajhane meM Ave | yathArtha meM bhASA bahuta mRdu aura svaccha hai, kahIM na to bar3e-bar3e zabda haiM aura na aspaSTatA kA doSa hai| saMskRta meM grantha racanevAle jaise anya granthakAra karate haiM usI taraha siddharSi ne bhI prAkRta zabdoM aura pracalita bhAva prakaTa karane vAle zabdoM ko apanAyA hai| jainoM meM isa kAvya kI sarvapriyatA itane se hI jAnI jAtI hai ki grantha race jAne ke 100 varSa bAda hI isase uddharaNa lie jAne lage aura isake saMkSipta rUpa banAye jAne lge| kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki isakA pAzcAtya dezoM meM prabhAva par3A yA nahIM kintu ise par3hakara aMgreja kavi jaoNna banayana ke rUpaka ( Allegory ) Pilgrims Progress kA smaraNa ho AtA hai| isakA viSaya bhI saMsArI jIva kA dharmayAtrA dvArA utthAna hI hai aura aneka bAtoM meM upamitibhavapra0 se mela hai para vaha na to AkAra meM aura na bhAvoM meM isakI tulanA meM A sakatA hai| ___ kathAkartA aura racanAkAla-isa kathA ke anta meM eka prazasti dI gaI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki isakI racanA AcArya siddharSi ne vi0 saM0 962, 1. jinaralakoza pR0 54, saM0 1088 meM vartamAna vardhamAnasUri (jinezvara sUri ke guru) ne 1460 granthAna-pramANa 'upamitibhavaprapancAnAmasamuccaya'; saM0 1298 meM devendrasUri (candragaccha ke candrasUri ke ziSya) ne zlokoM meM upamitibhavaprapancAkathAsAroddhAra; devasUri ne 2324 granthAna-pramANa upamitibhavaprapancoddhAra (gadya) tathA haMsaratna ne upamitibhavaprapancAkathoddhAra kI racanA kii| inameM devendrasUri kI racanA atyuttama hai| isameM sAra mUlakathA ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai| na isameM kucha chor3A gayA hai aura na navIna viSaya liyA gayA hai| isake saMzodhaka bhI pradyamnasUri haiN| kezaravAI jJAnamandira, pATana (gujarAta), vi0 saM0 2006.

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kathA-sAhitya 201 jyeSTha sudI paMcamI, guruvAra ke dina kI thii| prazasti ke anusAra inakI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai : nivRttikula meM sUrAcArya hue, unake ziSya jyotiSa aura nimittazAstra ke jJAtA dellamahattara, unake ziSya durgasvAmI hue jo gRhasthAvasthA meM dhanI, kIrtizAlI brAhmaNa the tathA jinakA millamAla meM svargavAsa huA thaa| unake ziSya siddharSi hue / durgasvAmI aura siddharSi donoM guru-ziSyoM ko dIkSA gargarSi ne dI thI / yadyapi yaha bAta siddharSi ne nahIM likhI' para unhoMne haribhadrasUri kI stuti adhika kI hai aura unheM apanA 'dharmabodhakaro guruH' mAnA hai| isase kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki haribhadrasUri unake guru the| para donoM ke kAla kA bar3A antara dekhate hue yaha mAnanA sambhava nahIM / saMbhavataH siddharSi ne haribhadra ke prati sammAna kA itanA adhika bhAva isalie dikhAyA hai ki unake granthoM se unheM bar3I preraNA milI thI, vizeSakara unakI lalitavistarA TIkA se / yaha kathAgrantha millamAla nagara ke jaina mandira meM likhA gayA thA aura durgasvAmI kI 'gaNA' nAma kI ziSyA ne isakI prathama prati taiyAra kI thii| siddharSi kA prabhAvakacarita ( 14 ) meM bhI carita diyA gayA hai jisameM inheM mAghakavi kA cacerA bhAI kahA gayA hai para isameM koI aitihAsika tathya nahIM hai| rUpakAtmaka dharmakathA para saMskRta meM dUsarA grantha madanaparAjaya hai / madanaparAjaya-kAma, moha, jina, mokSa Adi ko mUrtimAna pAtroM kA rUpa dekara eka laghukAvya kA nirmANa kiyA hai jisameM jinarAja dvArA kAmadeva kI parAjaya kA citraNa huA hai| kathAvastu-bhavanagara kA rAjA makaradhvaja eka samaya apane pradhAna senApati moha dvArA yaha jAnakara ki jinarAja se muktikanyA kA vivAha ho rahA hai, unheM rokane ke lie muktikanyA ke pAsa rati aura prIti nAmaka apanI patniyoM ko bhejatA hai tathA rAga aura dveSa ko jinarAja ke pAsa bhejatA hai| para vaha apane prayatna meM saphala nahIM hotA hai aura jinarAja dvArA usake dUta nikAla diye jAte haiM / udhara makaradhvaja kA senApati moha aura idhara jinarAja kA senApati saMvega senAoM kI taiyArI kara car3hAI kara dete haiN| donoM kI senAyeM ulajha jAtI haiN| svayaM jinarAja se makaradhvaja - 1. saMvatsarazatanavake dviSaSTisahite'tilaMdhite cAsyAH / jyeSThe sitapaJcamyAM punarvasau gurudine samAptirabhUt // 2. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 183.

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282 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sIdhe Takkara meM parAsta hotA hai| makaradhvaja kI patniyoM dvArA prANoM kI bhIkha mAMgane para makaradhvaja ko zukladhyAnavIra ne apane rAjya kI sImA se haTA diyA / makaradhvaja AtmaghAtakara dekhate hI dekhate anaMga hokara adRzya ho gayA / isake bAda jinarAja siddhasena kI putrI mukti se vivAha karane ke lie karmadhanuSa ko tor3akara mokSapura ravAnA ho jAte haiM / isa kathAnaka ko lekara madanaparAjaya nAma kI kaI racanAyeM likhI gaI haiN| unameM se haridevakavikRta apabhraMza racanA prasiddha hai| usI ke AdhAra se saMskRta meM nAgadeva ne madanaparAjaya kI racanA kI hai| jinaratnakoza meM jinadeva aura ThAkuradevakRta anya madanaparAjayoM kA ullekha milatA hai / ' saMskRta madanaparAjaya ke racayitA kavi nAgadeva ne grantha ke anta meM eka prazasti dI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki ve dakSiNa bhArata ke the| ve somakula meM utpanna hue the| usa kula meM aneka kavi aura vaidya hue the| unake pitA zrImallugi apabhraMza mayaNaparAjayacariu ke kartA ke prapautra the| ukta apabhraMza racanA meM yatratatra bhASA, zailI, viSayavarNana aura prasaMga-yojanA dvArA parivartanakara nayA rUpa dekara saMskRta madanaparAjaya carita kI racanA kI gaI hai| ise lekhaka ne isa taraha prastuta kiyA hai jaise koI nATaka ho / para madanaparAjaya na to nATaka hai aura na nATakIya zailI se likhA gayA hai| isameM kavi ne hRdayahArI rUpakoM kI itanI yojanA kI hai ki ise hama rUpakabhaNDAra kaheM to atyukti na hogii| ise kavi ne paMcatantra aura samyaktvakaumudI kI zailI para likhA hai| isI se isameM aneka subhASita aura sUktiyA~ bharI par3I haiN| madanaparAjaya kA racanAkAla nahIM diyA gayA hai para usakI eka hasta0 prati vi0 saM0 1573 kI milI hai| ataH vaha usake pUrva kI racanA honA cAhie / ___ yazodharacaritra-ahiMsA ke mAhAtmya ko tathA hiMsA aura vyabhicAra ke kupariNAmoM ko batalAne ke lie yazodhara nRpa kI kathA prAcIna kAla se jaina kaviyoM ko bahuta priya rahI hai| isa para prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza meM sAdhAraNa se lekara 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 300. 2. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se apabhraMza aura saMskRta donoM madanaparAjaya prakAzita hue haiN| donoM kI bhUmikAeM mahattvapUrNa haiM / DAkTara hIrAlAla jaina ne apabhraMza racanA kI bhUmikA meM pratIka kathA-sAhitya kA acchA paricaya diyA hai| yaha bhUmikA kaI bAtoM meM bar3I upayogI hai|

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kathA-sAhitya 283 uccakoTi kI anekoM racanAyeM milatI haiN| yazodharacarita para jJAta saMskRta prAkRta granthoM kI tAlikA isa prakAra hai :1 / 1. yazodharacarita prabhaMjanakRta (kuvalayamAlA meM ullekha) haribhadrasUri kI samarAicakahA catuthabhava ( 9vIM zatAbdI) 3. yazodhara-candramati- hariSeNa-vRhatkathAkoza (10vIM zatA0) kathAnaka 4. yazastilakacampU somadeva ( 10vIM zatA0) 5. yazodharacarita vAdirAja (11vIM zatA0) mallireNa mANikyasUri (saM0 1327-1375) vAsavasena (saM0 1365 se pahale) padmanAbha kAyastha (saM0 1402-1424) devasUri (ajJAta) bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti (pandrahavIM kA madhya ) bhaTTAraka kalyANakIrti (saM0 1488) bhaTTA0 somakIrti (saM0 1536) bhaTTA0 padmanandi (16vIM zatA0 ) bhaTTA0 zrutasAgara brahma0 nemidatta hemakuMjara upAdhyAya (saM0 1607 ke pahale) jJAnadAsa (lukAgaccha) (saM0 1623) padmasAgara (tapAgacchIya dharmasAgara ke ziSya) (laga0 saM0 1650) bhaTTA0 vAdicandra (saM0 1657) bhaTTA jJAnakIrti (saM0 1659) pUrNadeva (ajJAta) (gadya) kSamAkalyANa (saM0 1839) 24. ,, (prAkRta) mAnadevendra 22. " 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 318-320, 466.

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384 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yazodharacaritra kI kathA kA sAra-eka samaya rAjapura nareza mAridatta caNDamArI devI ke mandira meM sabhI prakAra ke prANiyoM ke jor3e kI bali dene kA anuSThAna karatA hai tAki use lokavijaya karanevAlI talavAra prApta ho ske| vahA~ nara-nArI rUpa meM bali ke lie do munikumAra-abhayaruci aura abhayamatI ( donoM sahodara bhAI-bahina) pakar3a kara lAye gye| ve eka munisaMgha ke sadasya ye aura bhikSA ke lie nagara meM Aye the| unheM dekha rAjA mAridatta kA citta karuNA se dravita huA aura usane unase paricaya puuchaa| una donoM ne apanA isa janma kA sodhA paricaya na dekara apane pUrvabhavoM kI kathA sunAte hue anta meM batalAyA ki ve usa nareza ke bhAMjA-mAMjI haiN| abhayaruci ne bali ke lie lAye gaye aneka jIvoM ko dekhakara hiMsA kI tIvra nindA kI aura apane pUrvajoM se sambaddha, jIvita murge kI nahIM apitu ATe ke murge kA balidAna karane aura use khAne ke kAraNa dAruNa phaloM ko janmoM-janmoM meM bhogane kI adbhuta kathA ko isa prakAra prastuta kiyA : abhayaruci ne kahA ki yaha ATha pUrvabhavoM kI kathA hai| prathama bhava meM vaha ujayinI kA yazodhara nAma kA rAjA thaa| usakI rAnI eka rAtri meM kubar3e, kurUpa mahAvata ke gAne ko sunakara usapara Asakta ho gaI aura usase prema-sambaMdha sthApita kara rAtri ke pichale pahara meM usase ramaNa karane jAne lgii| ekabAra rAtri meM rAjA ne isa kRtya ko svayaM A~khoM se dekhA para kula kI nindA ke kAraNa una donoM ko nahIM mAra sakA aura cupacApa so gyaa| subaha bahuta bhArI mana aura udAsInatA se usane apanI mAtA se bheMTa kI aura udAsInatA kA kAraNa eka duHsvapna batalAyA jisameM usane apanI rAnI ke duzcaritra kA AbhAsa-sA diyA para vaha samajha na sakI aura duHsvapna kA vAraNa karane ke lie usane devI ke lie bakarI ke bacce kI bali car3hAne ko kahA / para usane aisA karane se inakAra to kiyA kintu mAtA ke tIvra anurodha para ATe ke murge kI bali cddh'aaii| phira bhI isa hiMsA aura rAnI ke vyabhicAra ke kAraNa usakA dila itanA hila gayA ki usane rAjya parityAgakara tapasyA karanA caahaa| kintu isake pUrva usase Agraha kiyA gayA ki vaha devI kA prasAda pA le aura use aura usakI mAtA ko rAnI ne viSamizrita laDDU khilAkara mAra ddaalaa| mAtA aura putra marakara kramazaH kuttA aura mayUra hue| donoM saMyogavaza usI mahala meM ikaThe hue| mayUra ne rAnI se saMbhoga karate hue kubar3e kI A~kha phor3a denA cAhI para rAnI ne use adhamarA kara diyA aura kutte ne use khA liyaa| rAjaputra ne krodha meM Akara kutte ko mAra diyaa| isa taraha agale janmoM meM donoM mAtA-putra kramazaH sarpa-nevalA

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kathA-sAhitya 285 ( yA sehI), magara maccha, bakarI-bakarI-putra, bhaiMsA-bakarA tathA do murge ke rUpa meM hue / eka samaya muni kA upadeza sunakara una donoM murgoM ko jAtismaraNa huA aura ve U~cI bAMga dene lge| rAjA yazodhara ke putra (tatkAlIna nareza) ne apanI rAnI ko apanA zabdavedhitva dikhAne ke lie una murgoM para bANa chor3A jisase una donoM kI mRtyu ho gaI aura unhoMne usI nareza ke putra-putrI yugala-abhayaruci aura abhayamatI ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| __ eka samaya nagara ke eka jinAlaya meM sudattAcArya muni aaye| rAjA ne unheM amaMgala svarUpa jAna krodha karanA cAhA para eka vyakti se unakA paricaya pAkara tathA unase upadeza sunakara tathA apane pitAmaha, pitAmahI aura pitA Adi kA pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta sunakara yazodhara virakta ho gayA aura sAdhu ho gyaa| abhayaruci aura abhayamatI ne bhI apane pUrvajanmoM ke hAlAtoM ko sunakara kSullakavrata grahaNa kara lie| ___ yaha saba vRttAnta sunakara mAridatta una kSullaka yugala ke guru ke pAsa gayA aura saMsAra se virakta hokara dIkSA le lii| usake putra ne bhI rAjya meM hiMsA kA niSedha kara diyaa| yaha yazodhara-kathAnaka kumbhakAra-cakra kI bhA~ti prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo mAridatta evaM kSullaka yugala ke paraspara vArtAlApa se prAraMbha hotA hai aura unhIM donoM ke vArtAlApa se samApta hotA hai|' uparyukta kaI racanAoM meM mAridatta kA AkhyAna prArambha meM na dekara graMthAnta meM diyA gayA hai| upalabdha racanAoM meM haribhadrakRta 'samarAiccakahA' meM samAgata yazodhara kI kathA paravartI racanAoM kA upajIvya rahI hai| para usake pAtra paravartI kathAoM meM parivartita rUpa meM milate haiM tathA unameM aneka ghaTanAe~ jor3a dI gaI haiN| kathA ke nAyaka-nAyikA rUpa meM haribhadra ne yazodhara-nayanAvali nAma diyA hai| vahA~ mAridatta kA AkhyAna nahIM hai aura na caNDamArI devI ke sammukha pUrva niyojita nara-bali kI ghaTanA / samarAicakahA meM abhayamatI aura abhayaruci donoM alagaalaga dezoM ke rAjakumAra rAjakumArI haiM, kAraNavaza vairAgya dhAraNa kara lete haiN| vahA~ ve bhAI-bahinI rUpa meM nahIM mAne gye| samarAiccakahA meM yazodhara-kathA AtmakathA ke rUpa meM milatI hai| vahA~ yazodhara apanI kathA dhana nAmaka 1. dekheM, DA0 rAjArAma jaina kA lekha, 'yazodharakathA kA vikAsa', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 25, kiraNa 2, pR0 62-69, ArA, 1958.

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286 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vyakti ke lie sunAtA hai na ki abhayamatI, abhayaruci aura mAridatta ke lie | paravartI racanAoM meM yazodhara - kathA kA vikAsa aneka AdhAroM se kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai / yahA~ ukta kathAviSayaka caritoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai 1. yazodharacarita -- yazodhara ke caritra para sambhavataH yaha pahalI svataMtra racanA hai / isakA sarvaprathama ullekha udyotanasUri ( saM0 835 ) ne apanI kuvalayamAlA meM isa prakAra kiyA hai : sattUNa jo jasaharo jasaharacarieNa jaNavae payaDo / kalimalapabhaMjaNo ciya pabhaMjaNo Asi rAyarisI / / 40 / / arthAt jo zatruoM ke yaza kA haraNa karanevAlA thA aura jo yazodharacarita ke kAraNa janapada meM prasiddha huA, vaha kali ke pApoM kA prabhaMjana karanevAlA prabhaMjana nAma kA rAjarSi thA / muni vAsavasena (vi0 saM0 1365 se pUrva ) ne bhI apane yazodharacarita' meM likhA hai : prabhaMjanAdibhiH pUrvaM hariSeNasamanvitaiH / yaduktaM tatkathaM zakyaM mayA bAlena bhASitum // arthAt hariSeNa-prabhaMjanAdi kaviyoM ne pahale jo kucha kahA hai, vaha mujha bAlaka se kaise kahA jA sakatA hai / bhaTTAraka jJAnakIrti ( vi0 saM0 1659 ) ne apane yazodharacarita' meM apane pUrvavartI jina yazodharacarita - kartAoM ke nAma diye haiM unameM prabhaMjana kA bhI 1. DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya ne prabhaJjana ke yazodharacarita ko ukta viSayaka granthoM meM sabase prAcIna mAnA hai ( jasaharacariu, kAraMjA, 1931, bhUmikA, pR0 24 prabhRti ); DA0 A0 ne0 upAdhye, kuvalayamAlA, bhAga 2, TippaNa 31, pR0 126. 2. kuvalayamAlA (siM0 jai0 pra0 saM0 45 ), pR0 3. 3. paM0 nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 421. 4. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa: vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 211; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 110 aura 421.

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kathA-sAhitya 287 nAma hai-somadeva, hariSeNa ( apabhraMza ke kavi ), vAdirAja, prabhaMjana, dhanaMjaya, puSpadaMta ( apabhraMza ke kavi ), vAsavasena / ___yadi ukta bhaTTAraka ne ina saba granthoM ko dekhakara hI yaha ullekha kiyA hai to samajhanA cAhiye ki vi0 saM0 1650 taka prabhaMjana kA yazodharacarita thaa| 2. yazodharacarita-yaha 4 sargoM kA ka laghu para mahattvapUrNa kAvya hai| isameM vividha chandoM ke kula 296 padya haiN|' isa kAvya meM lekhaka ne kinhIM pUrvAcAryoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, kevala samantabhadrAdi (1.3) mAtra kahakara raha gayA hai| isa kAvya ko prabhAvaka banAne ke lie prauDha saMskRta bhASA meM kaI rasoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, yathA-abhayaruci aura abhayamatI ko bali ke lie le jAte samaya karuNa rasa, mahAvata ke varNana meM vIbhatsa rasa, caturtha sarga meM vasanta varNana Adi / kathA meM somadeva ke yazastilakacampU kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke racayitA vAdirAja haiM jo draviDasaMgha kI zAkhA nandisaMgha aruMgalAnvaya ke AcArya the| inakI anya kRtiyoM meM pArzvanAthacarita, ekIbhAvastotra tathA nyAyagrantha nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, adhyAtmASTaka, trailokyadIpikA, pramANanirNaya prApta haiN| inakA vizeSa paricaya pArzvanAthacarita ke sAtha diyA gayA hai| isa kAvya ke racanAkAla ke saMbaMdha meM isI kAvya se do mahattva kI sUcanAeM milatI haiN| pahalI tIsare sarga ke antima 85ve padya meM 'vyAtanvajayasiMhatAM raNamukhe dIrgha dadhau dhAriNIm' aura dUsarI cauthe sarga ke upAntya padya meM 'raNamukhajayasiMho rAjyalakSmI babhAra' / ina padyAMzoM meM kavi ne caturAI se apane samakAlIna nareza dakSiNa ke caulukya vaMzI jayasiMha kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki isa kAvya kI racanA jayasiMha ke samaya ( zaka saM0 938-964 ) meM huI hai| isakI racanA vAdirAja ne pAzvanAthacarita ke bAda kI thI kyoMki isameM unhoMne apane ko pArzvanAthacarita kA kartA batalAyA hai|' cUMki 1. saM0-TI0 e0 gopInAtha rAva, sarasvatI vilAsa sirIja saM0 5, vaMjaura, 1912; jinaratnakoza, pR0 319. 2. 1. 40; 2. 39-40, 4 sarga kA prArambha. 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 191-308. 4. zrIpArzvanAthakAkutsthacaritaM yena kIrtitam / tena zrIvAdirAjena dRbdhA yAzodharI kathA // 1.5.

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288 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA za0 saM0 947 kI kArtika sudI 3 ko kI gaI thI' isaliye hama anumAna kara sakate haiM ki yaha usake bAda aura za0 saM0 964 ke bIca kabhI racita huI hogii| za0 saM0 964 jayasiMha ke rAjya kA antima varSa mAnA jAtA hai| ___3. yazodharacarita-mANikyasUrikRta isa kAvya meM 14 sarga haiM jinameM kula milAkara 405 zloka haiN| kavi ne apanI kathA kA srota saMbhavataH haribhadrasUri kI samarAiccakahA ko mAnA hai| isa carita kA kathAnaka saMgaThita evaM dhArAvAhika hai| isameM avAntara kathAoM kA abhAva hone se zithilatA nahIM A sakI hai| isa caritra meM prakRti-citraNa bhI vividha rUpoM meM huA hai| para adhikatara ghaTanAoM ke anukUla pRSThabhUmi pradAna karane ke lie hI prakRti kA varNana huA hai| isa kAvya meM racayitA ne jainadharma ke pramukha siddhAnta-kevala ahiMsA kAhiMsA ke doSa aura ahiMsA ke guNoM kA prAraMma se anta taka varNana kiyA hai / usI ke pratipAdana taka hI apane ko sImita rakhA hai aura jainadharma ke anya niyamoM kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA yadyapi prauDha aura garimAyukta nahIM hai phira bhI yaha atyanta sarala aura prasAdaguNayukta hai| kavi ko vividha sthitiyoM aura ghaTanAoM ke sajIva citra upasthita karane meM bar3I saphalatA milI hai| isa kAvya meM muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM kA bhI yathAvasara prayoga huA hai| isa caritra kI bhASA meM bolacAla ke kaI dezI zabda saMskRta ke DhAMce meM DhAlakara prayukta hue haiM jaise-kuMcikA (kaMcI), kaTAhI (kar3hAI ), bhaTitra ( bhaTTI), miMTA ( mer3hA ), varkaraH ( bakarA ), cAraka ( cArA), vaTaka ( vATI) Adi / kavi ne isa kAvya meM alaMkAroM kI kRtrima aura asvAbhAvika yojanA prAyaH kahIM nahIM kii| bhASA ke svAbhAvika pravAha meM hI aneka alaMkAra svataH A gaye haiN| isa caritra meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga darzanIya hai| 7, 9, 1. pArzvanAthacarita, prazasti, padya 5. 2. sampAdaka-hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1910, jinaratnakoza, pR0 19. 3. 1.42-43, 71-72, 3.5,61, 5.4-7; 6.2-4, 8.42-43, 45-40 mAdi. 1. 2.68, 69, 3.40, 4.40, 6.70,77, 113, 12.75. 5. 2.7; 12. 26.

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kathA-sAhitya 289 10. 11 aura 14 sargoM meM kisI eka vRtta kA prayogakara sargAnta meM chanda badala diyA gayA hai| zeSa sargoM meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| samasta kAvya meM 25 vRttoM kA prayoga huA hai| kucha aprasiddha tathA ajJAta chandoM kA prayoga bhI isameM huA hai| kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke anta meM koI prazasti nahIM dI gaI hai ataH kavi kA vizeSa paricaya isa kAvya se nahIM milatA hai| parantu nalAyanamahAkAbya ke tRtIya skandha ke anta meM kavi ne ye paMktiyA~ likhI haiM : stat kimapyanavamaM navamaMgalAMkaM zrImadyazodharacaritrakRtA kRtaM yat / tasyAryakarNanalinasya nalAyanasya skandho jagAma rsviicimystRtiiyH|| isase spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki nalAyanakAvya aura prastuta kAvya ke racayitA eka hI mANikyasUri haiN| unhoMne nalAyana se pUrva yazodharacarita kI racanA kI thii| mANikyasUri saM0 1327 se 1375 ke bIca jIvita the| ve baDagaccha ke the aura unake guru kA nAma paDocandra ( padmacandra) sUri thaa| 1. yazodharacarita-isameM ATha sarga haiN| isakI antima puSpikA meM 'iti yazodharacarite munivAsavasenakRte kAvye bhaSTamaH sargaH samAptaH' vAkya hai| prAraMbha meM likhA hai : prabhaMjanAdibhiH pUrva hariSeNa samanvitaiH / yaduktaM tatkathaM zakyaM mayA bAlena bhASitum / isase jJAta hotA hai ki unase pUrva prabhaMjana aura haripeNa' ne yazodharacarita likhe the| vAsavasena ne apane samaya aura kulAdi kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai| saM0 1365 meM hue apabhraMza kavi gandharva ne apane 'jasaharacariu' meM vAsavasena kI racanA kA ullekha kiyA hai : 'jaM vAsabaseNiM putva rahau, taM pekkhavi gaMdhabveNa kahiu' arthAt vAsavasena ne pUrva meM jo grantha racA thA, use dekhakara hI yaha gaMdharva ne kahA / isase itanA nizcita hai ki ve gandharva kavi se arthAt saM0 1365 se pahale hue haiN| 5. yazodharacarita (apara nAma dayAsundarakAvya)-isa kAvya meM 9 sarga haiM aura kula milAkara 1461 padya haiN| yaha aprakAzita racanA jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA meM surakSita hai| isake pratyeka sarga kI padya saMkhyA kramazaH 149, 79, 1. hastalikhita prati, bambaI ke sarasvatI bhavana saM0 604 ka; jayapura ke bAbA ___ dulIcandra ke bhaNDAra meM; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 255. 2. hariSeNa zAyada ve hI hoM jinakI dharmaparIkSA (apabhraMza) milI hai| 19

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 153, 234, 179, 180, 174, 191, 109 hai / anta meM 13 padyoM kI eka prazasti hai / isa kAvya kA dUsarA nAma dayAsundarakAvya bhI diyA gayA hai / 290 racayitA aura racanAkAla -- isake kartA kA nAma padmanAbha hai jo kAyastha jAti kA thA / usake guru jaina bhaTTAraka guNakIrti ( vi0 saM0 1468-73 ) the / unhIM ke upadeza se usane ukta kAvya likhA / tatkAlIna kaI bhaktoM ne ukta kAvya kI muktakaMTha se prazaMsA kI thI / antya prazasti khaNDa ke 10 padyoM meM kavi ne apane AzrayadAtA maMtrI kuzarAja kA vistRta paricaya diyA hai / yaha kuzarAja gvAliyara ke tomaravaMzIya nareza vikramadeva ( vIramadeva saM0 1459-1483 ) ke maMtrimaNDala kA pramukha sadasya thA / isane gopAcala para eka vizAla candraprabha jinAlaya banavAyA thA / anya yazodharacaritoM meM bhaTTA0 sakalakIrti ke kAvya meM 8 sarga haiM aura parimANa 1000 zloka-pramANa hai / kalyANakIrti kI racanA 1850 granthAgra - pramANa batalAI gaI hai / ' somakIrti ( saM0 1536 ) ke kAvya meM 8 sarga haiM / isakI racanA unhoMne goTilI ( mAravAr3a ) meM saM0 1536 meM kI thii| unhoMne prAcIna hindI meM bhI eka yazodharacarita racA hai / somakIrti kA paricaya pradyumnacarita ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai / inakI anya kRti saptavyasanakathA bhI milatI hai / zrutasAgarakRta yazodharacarita meM 4 sarga haiM zrutasAgara vidyAnandi ke ziSya the jo mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha, balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka the / zrutasAgara bahuta bar3e vidvAn the / inhoMne yazastilakacampU para yazastilaka candrikA TIkA likhI hai jo adhUrI hai / inake anya granthoM meM tattvArthavRtti evaM zrIpAlacarita ullekhanIya haiM / inhoMne apane kisI grantha meM racanA kA samaya nahIM diyA hai, phira / bhI anya hue haiM / pramANoM se yaha prAyaH nizcita hai ki ye vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI meM dharmacandragaNi ke ziSya hemakuMjara upAdhyAya ne bhI eka yazodharacarita racA hai jisakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1607 kI milatI hai| laMkAgacchIya nAnanI ke ziSya jJAnadAsa ne bhI saM0 1623 meM eka yazodharacarita racA thA / " pArzvapurANa ke racayitA bhaTTAraka vAdicandra ne bhI saM0 1657 meM eka yazodhara 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 319. 2. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 39-43. 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 371-377. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 319. 5. vahI.

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kathA-sAhitya 291 carita ko aMkalezvara ( bhar3auca ) ke cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira meM baiThakara racA thaa| ukta kAvya kI prazasti meM racanA saMvat diyA huA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki yaha kAvya dayA ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie nirmita huA hai / ' saM0 1659 meM vAdibhUSaNa ke ziSya jJAnakIrti ne Amera ke mahArAjA mAnasiMha ( prathama ) ke maMtrI nAnUgodhA kI prArthanA para eka yazodharacarita banAyA jisameM 9 sarga haiN| isakI eka prati Amera zAstrabhaMDAra meM hai / saM0 1839 meM kharatara - gacchIya amRtadharma ke ziSya kSamAkalyANa ne saMskRta gadya meM yazodharacarita jaisalamera meM rahakara likhA thA / zrI pAlacaritra - zrIpAla kA caritra siddhacakra pUjA ( aSTAhnikA, nandIzvarapUjA ) arthAt navapada maNDala ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karanevAlA eka rUr3ha carita hai jise thor3e-bahuta parivartana ke sAtha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAe~ mAnatI haiM / jisa prakAra dUsare vratoM yA adhika caritra milate haiM usI prakAra isake lie bhI 26 se adhika racanAe~ milatI haiN| 1 anuSThAnoM ke lie eka se saMskRta - prAkRta meM milAkara yadyapi ukta pUjA kA ullekha purAnA hai ora usake mAhAtmya ke lie ayodhyA ke hariSeNa rAjA kI kathA jor3I gaI hai, pIche podanapura ke eka vidyAdhara nareza kii| pahale naMdIzvara pUjA mUla rUpa meM vidyAdhara loka kI vastu thI para vidyAdhara se atirikta mAnava se bhI sambandha jor3ane ke lie lokakathAsAhitya se zrIpAla ke caritra ko dharmakathA ke rUpa meM gar3hakara taiyAra kiyA gayA / zrIpAla koI paurANika puruSa nahIM hai / isakI jo kathA milatI hai usake vizleSaNa se isakI mukhya vastu jJAta hotI hai : pUrvajanma ke saMcita karmoM kA phala prakaTa karanA hai para unase trANa pAne meM alaukika zaktiyoM se bhI sahAyatA mila sakatI hai aura vaha alaukika zakti hai siddhacakra pUjA / kathAvastu -- ujjaina ke rAjA prajApAla kI do patniyA~ haiM, eka zaiva aura dUsarI jaina / eka kI putrI surasundarI aura dUsarI kI mayanAsundarI / zikSA 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 388, kathAmenAM dayAsiddhyai vAdicandro vyaracat / 2. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 211; jinaratnakoza, pR0 319. 3. keTelAga Apha saMskRta eNDa prAkRta menu0, bhAga 4 ( lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI gra0 saM0 20 0), pariziSTa, pR0 85.

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292 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dIkSA ke bAda sabhA meM rAjA unase pUchatA hai ki unake sukha kA zreya kise hai ? surasundarI ne pitA ko aura mayanA ne apane karma ko btlaayaa| rAjA pahalI se prasanna ho usakA vivAha zaMkhapura nareza arimardana se kara detA hai aura dUsarI se Rddha ho kor3hI rAjaputra zrIpAla se / ___ zrIpAla campApura kA rAjaputra thaa| bAlyakAla meM hI usake pitA ke mara jAne ke kAraNa mantrI ne aura usase chInakara cAcA ajitasena ne rAjya samhAlA aura mA~-beTe ko mArane kA SaDyaMtra kiyA jisase donoM bhAgakara 700 kor3hiyoM ke gA~va meM zaraNa lete haiN| vahA~ zrIpAla bhI kor3hI ho jAtA hai| mAtA upacAra ke lie use ujjayinI le gii| kor3hiyoM ne zrIpAla ko apanA mukhiyA cuna liyA thA aura usake vivAha ke lie ve loga rAjA se mayanAsundarI kI mA~ga karate haiM / rAjA usase vivAha kara detA hai| mayanAsundarI ise apanA karmaphala mAnatI hai aura usake nivAraNArtha siddhacakra kI pUjA karatI hai aura saba kor3hI ThIka ho jAte haiN| kucha samaya vahA~ rahakara zrIpAla patnI se anumati lekara yaza aura sampatti arjana ke lie videza jAtA hai| vahA~ anekoM rAjakumAriyoM se vivAha karatA hai. vyApAra meM sahayogI dhavala seTha dvArA dhokhe se samudra meM girAye jAne para bhI baca jAtA hai tathA seTha ke aneka kapaTa-prapaMcoM se bacatA huA sampatti-vipatti ke bIca DAvAMDola hAlata se pAra hotA huA apanI patniyoM sahita ujjaina lauTa AtA hai| phira apanI mA~ aura patnI ( mayanA) se milakara aMgadeza para AkramaNa karatA hai| cAcA ajitasena ko harAtA hai jo muni ho jAtA hai| zrIpAla rAjasukha bhogatA hai / eka dina unhIM muni se apane pUrvajanma kI kathA sunakara mAlUma karatA hai ki vaha kucha kAla karmaphala bhoga 9ve janma meM mokSa prApta kregaa| digambara paramparA ke kathAnaka ke anusAra rAjA pahupAla kI eka rAnI kI do putriyA~ surasundarI aura mayaNA thiiN| donoM kI zikSA alaga-alaga hotI hai| surasundarI kA vivAha kauzAmbI ke rAjA zRMgArasiMha se hotA hai aura mayaNA kA kor3hI zrIpAla se (zrIpAla ko rAjA banane ke bAda kor3ha huA thA) jo ki kor3ha ke kAraNa 12 varSa se pravAsa meM thaa| mayaNA siddhacakravidhi se usake kor3ha kA nivAraNa karatI hai| isake bAda do vidyAe~ prAptakara zrIpAla videzayAtrA karatA hai / vahA~ samudra meM patana Adi kapaTaprabandhoM se pAra hokara kramazaH 4000 rAjakanyAoM se vivAha karatA hai / pIche lauTakara apane cAcA vIradamana se rAjya chIna sukhabhoga karatA hai| pazcAt eka muni se pUrvabhava kI bAteM suna muni hokara tapasyAkara mokSa jAtA hai|

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kathA-sAhitya 293 ukta donoM rUpAntaroM meM jo samAna tathya pratiphalita hote haiM ve haiM : zrIpAla kA campApura kA rAjaputra honA, use pUrva karmoM ke phalasvarUpa kor3ha honA aura mayanA kA bhI karmaphalasvarUpa tathA pitA dvArA badale kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa vivAha honA, zrIpAla kA gharajavAMI na banakara apanA sAhasa aura puruSArtha dikhAnA, samudrayAtrA ke anubhava prakaTa karanA aura yaha batAnA ki ina kaSToM se mukti kA upAya hai siddhacakra puujaa| sirivAlakahA-zrIpAla ke AkhyAna para sarva prathama eka prAkRta kRti 'sirivAlakahA milatI hai jisameM 1342 gAthAe~ haiN| unameM kucha padya apabhraMza ke bhI haiN| prathama gAthA meM kathA kA hetu diyA gayA hai : arihAi navapayAiM jhAittA hiyayakamalamami / sirisiddhacakkamAhappamuttamaM kiM pi jaMpemi // teIsavIM gAthA meM navapadoM kI gaNanA isa prakAra dI hai : arihaM siddhAyariyA ujjhAyA sAhuNo a sammattaM / nANaM caraNaM ca tavo iya payanavagaM muNeyavvaM / / isake bAda ukta padoM kA 9 gAthAoM meM artha tathA mAhAtmya kI carcA hai / 288vIM gAthA se zrIpAla kI kathA dI gaI hai| yaha kathAgrantha kalpanA, bhAva evaM bhASA meM udAtta hai| isameM kaI alaMkAroM kA saphalatApUrvaka. prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kathAnaka kI racanA AryA aura pAdAkulaka (caupAI) chandoM meM kI gaI hai, para kahIM-kahIM pajjhar3iA chandoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-grantha ke anta meM kahA gayA hai ki isakA saMkalana vajrasena gaNadhara ke paTTaziSya va prabhu hematilakasUri ke ziSya ratnazekharasUri ne kiyaa| unake ziSya hemacandra sAdhu ne vi0 saM0 1428 meM isako lipibaddha kiyaa| paTTAvali se jJAta hotA hai ki ratnazekharasUri tapAgaccha kI nAgapurIya jinaratnakoza, pR. 396, devacandra lAlabhAI pustaka0 (63), bambaI, 1923. zrI vADIlAla je0 cokasI ke anusAra isa kathA kA AviSkAra sarvaprathama ratnazekharasUri ne hI kiyA hai| isa kathana kA samarthana ukta granthakAra ke siddhacakrayantroddhAra ke varNana se hotA hai| sirivajjaseNa gaNahara paTTappaDa haimatilayasUrINaM / sIsehiM rayaNaseharasurIhiM imA hu saMkaliyA // 1340 // tassIsa hemacaMdeNa sAhuNA vikkamassa narasaMmi / caudasa aTThAvIse lihiyA gurubhattikaliMeNaM // 14 //

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294 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zAkhA ke hematilaka ke ziSya the / ve sulatAna phirojazAha tugalaka ke samakAlIna the / ratnazekharasUri kA janma vi0 saM0 1372 meM huA thA aura 1384 meM dIkSA tathA 1400 meM AcArya pada / inakA viruda 'mithyAndhakAranabhomaNi' thA / vi0 saM0 1407 meM inhoMne phirojazAha tugalaka ko dharmopadeza diyA thA / isakI anya racanAe~ : guNasthAnakramAroha, laghukSetrasamAsa, saMbohasattarI, guruguNaSaTtriMzikA, chandaHkoza Adi milatI haiM / sirivAlakahA para kharataragacchIya amRtadharma ke ziSya kSamAkalyANa ne sa0 1869 meM TIkA likhI hai| zrIpAlakathA - yaha saMskRta gadya meM likhI gaI ati saMkSipta kathA hai / isake racayitA ukta ratnazekharasUri ke ziSya hemacandrasUri hI haiM / isameM apane guru kI racanA kI gAthAoM aura bhAvoM kA saMgraha mAtra hai / zrIpAlacarita - isameM 500 saMskRta padyoM meM kathA varNita hai / isake racayitA pUrNimAgaccha ke guNasamudrasUri ke ziSya satyarAjagaNi haiM jinhoMne saM0 1514 yA 54 ne isakI racanA kI / zrIpAlakathA yA carita - isameM 507 saMskRta zloka haiN| isake racayitA vRddha tapAgaccha ke udayasAgaragaNi ke ziSya labdhisAgaragaNi haiM / isakI racanA saM0 1557 meM huI thI / anya zrIpAlacaritoM meM vRddha tapAgaccha ke hI eka anya vidvAn vijayaratnasUri ke ziSya dharmadhIra ne saMskRta meM zrIpAlacarita kI racanA kI, jisakI prAcIna hastalikhita pratiyA~ saM0 1573, 1575 aura 1593 kI milatI haiN| # eka zrIpAlacaritra ko saMskRta gadya meM tapAgacchIya nayavimala ke ziSya likhA hai / yaha caritra vijayaprabhasUri ke paTTadhara samApta huA thA / " jJAnavimalasUri ne saM0 1745 vijayaratnasUri ke zAsanakAla meM 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 369. 2. nemivijJAna granthamAlA (22), kezavalAla premacandra kaMsArA, khaMbhAta, vi0 saM0 2008. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 397; vijayadAnasUrIzvara granthamAlA ( saM0 4 ), sUrata, vi0 saM0 1995. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 397. 5. vahI devacanda lAlabhAI pustaka0 (saM0 56 ), bambaI, 1917.

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kathA-sAhitya 295 ukta prAkRta racanA ke AdhAra se kharataragaccha ke jayakIrtisUri ne bhI saM0 1868 meM granyAya 1100 pramANa zrIpAlacaritra' saMskRta gadya meM racA hai / isa para eka ajJAtakartRka TIkA bhI hai| anya zrIpAlacaritoM ke racayitAoM ke nAma haiM : jIvarAjagaNi, somacandragaNi ( saMskRta gadya), vijayasiMhasUri, vIrabhadrasUri (granthAna 1334 ), pradyumnasUri (prAkRta racanA), saubhAgyasUri, harSasUri, kSemalaka, indradevarasa, vinayavijaya (prAkRta) tathA lbdhimuni|| inameM vinayavinaya kI prAkRta racanA 4 khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| isakI prAcIna prati saM0 1683 kI milatI hai| labdhimuni kI 10 sargoM meM 1040 zlokapramANa racanA hai jo saM0 1990 meM racI gaI hai| labdhimuni kharataragaccha ke rAjamuni ke ziSya haiM aura inhoMne kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM ke kaI jIvanacarita likhe haiN| uparyukta racanAoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita zrIpAla kA carita diyA gayA hai| digambara sampradAya sammata caritra para sarvaprAcIna grantha zrIpAlacarita bhaTTAraka sakalakIrtikRta milatA hai jo sAta paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM koTibhaTa zrIpAla ko rAjyAvasthA meM kuSTha honA, usakA nivAraNa, samudra-yAtrA, zUlI para car3hanA Adi ghaTanAe~ nATakIya DhaMga se varNita haiN| isake racayitA kA paricaya pahale de cuke haiM para grantha kI racanA kA ThIka kAla mAlUma nahIM ho sakA hai| ___ anya lekhakoM meM vidyAnandi, mallibhUSaNa, zrutasAgara, brahma nemidatta (nau soM meM, saM0 1585 ), zubhacandra, paM0 jagannAtha tathA somakIrti kRta racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ___ do ajJAtakartRka zrIpAlacaritoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai unameM se eka kI prAcIna prati saM0 1572 kI hai|" - 1. vahI, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1908. 2. vahI, pR0 397-98. 3. vahI, pR0 398; jinadattasUri bhaNDAra, pAyadhunI, bambaI, saM0 1991. 4. vahI, pR0 397-398; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 374, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 13, inameM se eka kA hindI anuvAda jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA se prakAzita hubhA hai| 5. vahI.

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296 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zrIpAlacarita para eka nATaka' bhI dharmasundara apara nAma siddhasUri ne saM0 1531 meM racA hai| apabhraMza bhASA meM kavi raidhU aura paM0 narasena ke siripAlacariu meM digambara sampradAya sammata kathAnaka diyA gayA hai| gujarAtI aura hindI bhASA ke kaviyoM ke lie yaha carita bar3A hI rocaka rahA hai| bhaviSyadattakathA-zrIpAlakathA ke samAna bhaviSyadatta kI laukika kathA ko zrutapaMcamI ke mAhAtmya ke lie dharmakathA meM pariNata kiyA gayA hai / kathAvastu-bhaviSyadatta eka vaNik putra hai| vaha apane sautele bhAI bandhudatta ke sAtha vyApAra hetu paradeza jAtA hai, vahA~ dhana kamAtA hai aura vivAha bhI kara letA hai parantu usakA sautelA bhAI use bAra-bAra dhokhA dekara duHkha pahu~cAtA hai, yahA~ taka ki use eka dvIpa meM akelA chor3akara usakI patnI ke sAtha ghara lauTa AtA hai aura usase vivAha karanA cAhatA hai / kintu isI bIca bhaviSyadatta bhI yakSa kI sahAyatA se ghara lauTa AtA hai, apanA adhikAra prApta karatA hai aura rAjA ko khuzakara rAjakanyA se bhI vivAha karatA hai / anta meM eka muni se pUrvabhava ke vRttAnta suna virakta hokara putra ko rAja de muni ho jAtA hai| isa kathA para aneka racanAe~ likhI gaI haiM jinakA paricaya jJAnapaMcamI kathA para likhI racanAoM ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| maNipaticarita (munipaticarita) isa caritrAtmaka kathAgrantha meM maNipati (nRpa ) muni ke caritra ke sAtha unake tathA kuMcika seTha ke bIca saMvAda ke dvArA 16 kathAe~ dI gaI haiM jinakA saMkalana eka padya meM isa prakAra hai : hastI hAraH siMho metAryaH sukumArikA, bhadrokSA gRhakokila: sacivAvaTuko'pica / nAgadatto varddhakizca cArabhaTyatha gopakA, siMhI zItArditahariH kASTharSiH SoDazo mataH // 1. vahI, pR0 394. 2. vahI, pR0 300, 310, isa kAvya kA vAstavika nAma maNipati carita hai| prAkRta meM maNivaI ko pIche lekhakoM ne muNivaI karake munipati (saMskRta) nAma de diyA hai| isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa hemacandra granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita isa grantha kI prastAvanA meM kiyA gayA hai|

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kathA-sAhitya isa caritra kA sAra nimna rIti se hai : maNipatikA nagarI kA maNipati nAmaka rAjA thA / usane eka dina apane sira kA pakA keza dekha apane putra municandra ko rAjya de damaghoSamuni se dIkSA le lI aura akelA vihAra karane lgaa| eka bAra vaha ujjayinI ke bAhara zmazAna meM kAyotsarga kara rahA thaa| vahA~ bhayAnaka ThaMDa ke kAraNa gopAla bAlakoM ne bhakti se muni ko vastra or3hA diyA para citA kI lapaTa ke kAraNa vastra meM Aga laga jAne se maNipatimuni jhulasa gaye / isakI khabara usa nagara ke seTha kuMcika ko lagI aura usane muni ko ghara meM lAkara cikitsA karAI tathA varSAkAla samIpa Ane para unheM cAturmAsa bitAne kA Agraha kiyA, tathA apane putra ke bhaya se saMstAraka ke nIce apane dhana ko gAr3a diyA / para putra ne usa dhana kA apaharaNa kara liyA / seTha ne muni para dhanacorI kA Aropa kiyA aura hAthI kI kathA kahI / taba muni ne apanI nirdoSatA ko batalAne ke lie eka hArakathA ( yaha eka lambA kathAnaka hai ) kahI / isI taraha una donoM ke bIca carcA meM 8-8 - 16 kathAe~ kahIM gaI / para seTha ke mana kA pApa dUra nahIM huA to muni ne krodha meM Akara zrApa diyA ki 'jisane terA dhana liyA ho usakA nAza ho nAya' / tapa prabhAva se muni ke zarIra se tejolezyA nikalane lagI / taba kuMcika seTha ke putra ne bhayabhIta hokara dhana kI corI svIkAra kara muni se kSamA maaNgii| muni ne kSamA dI / kuMcika seTha bhI virakta ho muni bana gayA aura donoM ne nirdoSa tapasyAkara svarga prApti kI / isa kathA para saMskRta meM tIna aura prAkRta meM eka racanA milatI hai / ke prathama gadya-padyamaya saMskRta racanA' hai jise candragaccha ke jambUkavi ne saM0 1005 meM racA thaa| inakI anya racanA jinazatakakAvya para saM0 1025 meM sAmbamuni ne TIkA likhI thI / usI kI prazasti se isa kavi ke gaccha kA patA lagA hai / karttA ke jIvana ke viSaya meM aura koI sUcanA kahIM se nahIM milatI hai / bRhaTTippanikA meM maNipaticarita ko munipaticarita kahakara '1005 varSe jambUnAgakRtaM 3200 uddhR0 2700' likhA hai / isase lagatA hai ki jambUnAga aura jambUkavi eka hI the / ho sakatA hai ki jambU kA hI dUsarA nAma jambUnAga rahA ho / yaha caritragrantha etadviSayaka anya racanAoM se prAcIna. sundara evaM AkarSaka hai / isakI bhASA sarala, spaSTArthayukta evaM alaMkAravibhUSita hai / zurU meM sajjanastuti, durjananindA, grISmAdi Rtu sAyaMkAla tathA nagarI Adi kA AkarSaka varNana hai / kavi alaMkArapriya hai para usakI bhASA prasAdaguNavAlI hai / isa 1. hemacandra granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, saM0 1978. 297

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290 jaina sAhitya kA dhRhad itihAsa caritra kA kathAnaka to bahuta saMkSipta hai para varNana aura prAsaMgika kathAoM se yaha bar3A ho gayA hai| dvitIya prAkRta gAthAoM meM saMkSipta racanA hai| isameM 646 gAthAe~ haiM jinakA pramANa 805 zloka hai|' isakI racanA saM0 1172 meM bRhadgacchIya mAnadeva ke praziSya evaM upAdhyAya jinapati ke ziSya haribhadrasUri ne kI hai| haribhadrasUri kI anya kRtiyA~: zreyAMsacaritra, prazamarativRtti, kSetrasamAsavRtti eva badhasvAmitva-SaDazItikarmagranthavRtti milatI haiN| tRtAya racanA saskRta gadya meM hai| yaha haribhadrasUri ke prAkRta caritra para se hI saMskRta gadya meM racA gayA hai| vAstava meM yaha usakA anuvAda mAtra hai aura usase laghu hai / jinaratnakoza ke anusAra isake racayitA dharmavijayagaNi hai / ' ____ caturtha racanA nayanandisUrikRta granthAgra 625 pramANa kA ullekha milatA ___paMcama racanA saMskRta gadya meM hai aura isameM prAsaMgika kathAe~ itanI adhika haiM ki isakA pramANa donoM caritroM se bar3A ho gayA hai| isa grantha kI bhASA asta-vyasta hai / isake racayitA kA nAma ajJAta hai|" eka munipaticaritrasAroddhAra nAmaka saMskRta kRti kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| gajasukumAlakathA-gajasukumAla ko gajakumAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| inakI kathA antakRtadazAMga meM AI hai| ye devakI ke antima putra the| inakA udAharaNa tapa kI carama ArAdhanA, manuSyakRta upasarga ko acala bhAva se sahane aura kSamA kI uccakoTi kI pariNati ke lie aneka kathAgranthoM meM AtA hai| isa para saMskRta meM eka ajJAtakartRka racanA kA ullekha milatA hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 300, 310. 2. nayaNamuNiruddasaMkhe vikkamasaMvaccha raMbhivaccante (1972) / bhaddavaya paMcamie samasthibhaM carittamiNamotti // 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 311. 4. vahI. 5. maNipatirAjarSicarita kI prastAvanA, hemacandra granthamAlA, saM0 1978; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara dvArA sampAdita evaM prakAzita. 6. jinaratnakoza, pR0 311. 7. vahI, pR0 102.

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299 kathA-sAhitya sukozalacarita-tapa kI ArAdhanA ke mahattva ko prakaTa karane aura tiryaJca (vyAghrI ) kRta upasarga ko kSamA bhAva se sahana karane ke lie sukauzalamuni kA caritra aneka kathAkozoM meM AyA hai| hariSeNa ke kathAkoza meM yaha caritra 284 zlokoM meM varNita hai| prAkRta ( apabhraMza ?) meM somakIrti' bhaTTAraka kRta tathA tIna ajJAtakartRka racanAe~ (jinameM 97 gA0,101 gA0 aura 107 gA0 haiM) upalabdha hotI haiN| saMskRta meM brahma nemidatta' aura bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti' kRta racanAe~ milatI hai| apabhraMza meM 1302 meM racita ajJAtakartRka gcanA' tathA kavi raidhakRta sukosalacariu kA ullekha milatA hai| avanti-sukumAla athavA sukumAlacarita-tapa kI carama ArAdhanA aura tiryaJca (zRgAlI) ke upasarga ko aDiga bhAva se sahana karane ke dRSTAntarUpa avanti-sukumAla kI kathA ArAdhanA kathAkozoM tathA anya kathAkozoM meM varNita hai| hariSeNa ke kathAkoza meM yaha kathA 260 zlokoM meM dI gaI hai| dAnapradIpa meM ise upAzrayadAna ke mahattva meM kahA gayA hai| avantisukumAla AcArya suhasti ke ziSya mAne gaye haiM aura kahA jAtA hai ki inhIM ke samAdhisthala para ujjaina kA mahAkAlezvara mandira banA hai| isa para svataMtra racanAoM meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti' (15vIM zatI) kRta 9 sargAtmaka 1050 zlokoM meM eka kAvya upalabdha hai| dUsarI racanA bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke ziSya vAdicandra (saM0 1640-1660) kRta tathA anya ajJAta kartRka saMskRta racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| pATana (gujarAta) ke tapAgaccha bhaNDAra ke eka kathAsaMgraha meM avantisukumAlakathA prAkRta 119 gAthAoM meM upalabdha hai| jinadattacarita-sAdhuparicaryA yA muni-AhAradAna ke prabhAva se vyakti jIvana-prasaMga meM khataroM se bacatA huA, apanI kitanI zuddhi kara sakatA hai isa 1.6. vahI, pR0 443-444; hindI meM sukozalacaritra prakAzita hai| gujarAtI meM aneka rAsa mAdi upalabdha haiN| 7-9. vahI, pR0 443; sukumAlacaritra para hindI meM gadya-padya racanAe~ prakAzita huI haiN| 10. vahI, pR0 17, pATana bhaNDAra sUcI, bhAga 1, pR0 405.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa tathya ko batalAne ke lie jinadatta ke caritra ko lekara kaI kathAgrantha saMskRtaprAkRta meM likhe gaye haiN| jinadatta ne apane pUrvabhava meM mAtra pUrNimA ke dina eka munirAja ko paricaryApUrvaka AhAradAna diyaa| usake prabhAva se vaha apane isa bhava meM chUtavyasana se dhana-sampatti khokara bhI nAnA prakAra ke camatkArI evaM sAhasika kArya kara skaa| usane veSa parivartana kiyA, samudra-yAtrA kI, hAthI ko vaza meM kiyA, rAjakanyAoM se vivAha kiyA aura nAnA sukha bhogakara anta meM tapasyAkara svarga prApta kiyaa| isa kathAnaka ko lekara sabase prAcIna prAkRta gadya meM ajJAtakartRka kRti' milatI hai jisakI hastalikhita prati maNibhadrayati ne varanAga ke lie saM0 1186 meM taiyAra kI thii| isameM jinadatta kA pUrvabhava prArambha meM na dekara anta meM diyA gayA hai| dvitIya racanA prAkRta gadya-padya meM 750 granthAna-pramANa hai| isakI racanA pADicchayagaccha ke nemicandra ke praziSya evaM sarvadevasUri ke ziSya sumatigaNi ne kI hai| grantha kA racanAkAla nizcita nahIM hai, tathApi eka prAcIna prati meM usake aNahilapATana meM saM0 1246 meM likhAye jAne kA ullekha hai ataH grantha kI racanA isase pUrva honA nizcita hai| isameM vaNika putroM aura sAMyAtrikoM kI yAtrA kA rocaka varNana hai| isa kathAnaka sambandhI tRtIya racanA saMskRta meM hai|" isameM 9 sarga haiM tathA 938 padya haiN| ise jinadattakathAsamuccaya bhI kahate haiN| sargAnta ke eka-eka do-do vRtta chandoM ko chor3akara zeSa sArA grantha anuSTupa meM hai| isakI racanA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 135. 2. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 27, bambaI, saM0 2009. 3. vahI, donoM racanAeM eka hI grantha meM prakAzita haiN| 4. vizeSa paricaya ke lie, DA. jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA iti hAsa, pR0 476; DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR0 505.508. 5. mANikacandra diga. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, saM0 1973; isakA hindI anuvAda paM0 zrIlAla kAvyatIrtha, kalakattA se prakAzita.

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kathA-sAhitya 301 guNabhadrAcArya ne kI hai / guNabhadra nAma ke 5 AcAryoM kA patA lagatA hai / unameM se eka uttarapurANa ke racayitA guNabhadra haiM para unakI racanA se isakA koI mela nahIM hai / dvitIya guNabhadra candela nareza paramardi ke zAsana ( san 1970 - 1200) kAla meM hue haiN| ye acche kavi bhI the| inake dvArA racita saMskRta dhanyakumAracaritra kAvya milatA hai / ye hI vijauliyA pArzvanAtha staMbhalekha ke lekhaka tathA pratiSThApATha' ke lekhaka mAne jAte haiN| bahuta sambhava hai inhIM guNabhadra ne jinadattacaritra kI racanA kI ho / / caturtha racanA saMskRta gadya ( granthAgra 1637 ) meM hai / ise saM0 1474 meM pUrNimAgaccha ke guNasAgarasUri ke ziSya guNasamudrasUri ne banAyA thA / anya eka-do jinadattakathAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / apabhraMza meM rahadhU kavi ne jinadattacariu likhA hai / naravarmakathA - samyaktva ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie naravarma nareza ko lekara do-tIna racanAe~ milatI haiM / kathAvastu--rAjagRha ke nareza naravarma the aura unakA putra haridatta / eka samaya videza yAtrA se lauTakara nareza ke mitra madanadatta ne rAjA ko eka hAra diyA aura kahA ki use eka devatA ne diyA hai joki pUrvabhava meM usakA bar3A bhAI thA aura eka muni kI sUcanA ke anusAra vaha devatA aba Apake putra haridatta ke rUpa meM avatarita huA hai / haridatta ne bhI ukta hAra ko dekhate hI jAtismaraNa dvArA pUrvabhava ke samasta vRttAnta sunAye / usI samaya eka kevalI muni se upadeza sunakara naravarma ne samyaktva vrata grahaNa kiyaa| eka samaya indra se usakI prazaMsA suna eka devatA ne parIkSA lI jisameM usane bubhukSApIr3ita jaina - sAdhuoM ko lar3ate-jhagar3ate dikhAyA, isase rAjA apane rAjya meM yaha dekha AtmanindA aura garhaNA karane lagA / devatA ne isa taraha use saccA samyaktvI pAyA / naravarma bahuta kAla taka gRhasthadharma pAla pIche dIkSA le sugati ko gayA / isa kathAnaka, para sarvaprathama kRti naravarmamahArAjacaritra vivekasamudragaNi dvArA viracita milatI hai jisameM pAMca sarga haiM / grantha ke anta meM kavi ne isakA parimANa 5424 zloka-pramANa diyA hai / isakA dUsarA nAma samyaktvAlaMkAra 1. pratiSThApATha pazcAtkAlIna 16vIM sadI ke guNabhadra kI racanA hai /

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302 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kAvya hai| yaha avAntara kathAoM se bharA huA hai| isakI bhASA sarala aura subodha hai / sabhI sargoM meM anuSTup chanda kA prayoga huA hai / sargAnta meM zArdUlavikrIDita, vasantatilakA Adi chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| isake racayitA kharataragacchIya jinaratnasUri ke ziSya vAcanAcArya vivekasamudragaNi haiN| isakI racanA unhoMne khaMbhAta meM saM0 1325 meM dIpAvalI ke dina kI thii| racanA kA anurodha vAhar3aputra bohitya ne kiyA thaa| isa kRti kA saMzodhana pratyekabuddhacarita ke racayitA jinaratnasari aura lakSmItilaka upAdhyAya ne kiyA thaa| vivekasamudragaNi kI anya racanAoM meM jinaprabodhacatuHsaptatikA tathA puNyasArakathAnaka (saM0 1334) milate haiN| kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvali' ke anusAra vivekasamudra kI dIkSA vaizAkha zukla caturdazI saM0 1304 meM, vAcanAcArya kI upAdhi saM0 1323 meM aura svargavAsa jyeSTha zukla dvitIyA saM0 1378 meM huA thaa| naravarmacaritra para dUsarI racanA vinayaprabha upAdhyAya kRta milatI hai jo saM0 1412 meM racI gaI thii| yaha eka laghu kRti hai| isakA granthAna 800 pramANa hai| vinayaprabha kharataragaccha ke jinakuzalasUri ke ziSya the| tRtIya racanA granthAna 500 pramANa munisundarasUrikRta kA ullekha milatA hai| ___caturtha racanA kharataragacchIya puNyatilaka ke ziSya vidyAkIrti ne saM0 1669 meM racI hai| guNavarmacarita-abhiSeka Adi satraha prakAra kI arhantapUjA ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie guNavarmA aura usake 17 putroM kI kathA kI racanA huI hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 427, jinaratnakoza meM isakA apara nAma naravarmamahA rAjacarita na dene kI bhUla huI hai| isakI prati bRhat bhaNDAra, jaisalamera (prati saM0 274) meM hai| 2. pR0 19-65. 3. jinarasnakoza, pR. 204; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1909. .. vahI, pR. 205. 5. aprakAzita, maNidhArI. jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 138 6. jinaratnakAza, pR0 105; prakAzita-ahamadAbAda, 1901.

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kathA-sAhitya 303 kathAvastu-hastinApura meM guNavarmA rAjaputra ne rAjyapada pAne ke bAda kramazaH ratnAvalI, kanakAvalI, ratnamAlA aura kanakamAlA rAjakumAriyoM se vivAha kiyaa| dvitIya rAjakumArI ke vivAha prasaMga meM pArzvanAtha jinamandira meM bhaktibhAva se pUjA karate samaya use jAti-smaraNa huA ki pUrvabhava meM vaha hastinApura meM dhanadatta nAmaka seTha thaa| usake 4 vadhuoM se 17 prakAra kI pUjA se 17 putra hue the| jinapUjA ke prabhAva se vaha deva huA aura isa janma meM guNavarmA nareza / isa janma meM bhI usake 17 putra hue| isameM 17 prakAra kI pUjA ke nAma diye gaye haiN| pratyeka pUjA ke mAhAtmya ke lie 17 kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| yaha kathAgrantha 5 sargoM meM vibhakta hai| granthAna 1948 zloka-pramANa hai| isameM saMskRta ke vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake praNetA aMcalagaccheza mANikyasundarasUri haiM jinhoMne ise saM0 1484 meM satyapura ( sAcaura ) ke vadhamAna jinabhavana meM upAdhyAya dharmanandana ke viziSTa sAnnidhya se samApta kiyA thaa| inakI anya kRtiyoM meM zrIdharacaritakAvya, zukarAjakathA, dharmadattakathAnaka, mahAbalamalayasundarIkathA, catuHpUrvIcampU , pRthvIcandracaritra (gadya) adi upalabdha hote haiN| garavikkamacariya-isameM narasiMha nRpa ke putra rAjakumAra naravikrama, usakI patnI zIlavatI aura una donoM ke do putroM ke vipattimaya jIvana kA varNana hai jo eka apriya ghaTanA ke kAraNa rAjya chor3akara cale gaye the aura aneka sAhasika ghaTanAoM ke bAda punaH mila gaye the| yaha kathA pUrvakarma-phala-parIkSA ke uddezya se kahI gaI hai| ___isa kathA ko guNacandrasUri ne mahAvIracariyaM meM bhI vistAra se diyA hai jise saMskRta chAyA ke sAtha pRthaka rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / isa kathA kA mahattva isameM hai ki yaha aneka jaina aura ajaina lekhakoM dvArA gujarAtI meM varNita lokakathA 'candanamalayagiri' kA AdhAra siddha huI hai| 1. sarga 2. 42-45. 2. nemivijJAna granthamAlA (20), saM0 2008. 3. mahAvIra vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha meM prakAzita aMgrejI lekha 'Jain and Non-Jain Versions of the Popular Tale of Chandana-Malayagiri from Prakrit and other Early Literary Sources' by Ramesh N. Jani.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa - rayaNacUDarAyacariya - ise ratnacUDakathA yA tilakasundarI- ratnacUDakathAnaka bhI kahate haiM / ' yaha eka lokakathA hai jisakA sambandha devapUjAdiphala - pratipAdana ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai / kathA tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai : 1. ratnacUDa kA pUrvabhava, 2. janma, hAthI ko vaza meM karane ke lie jAnA evaM tilakasundarI ke sAtha vivAha aura 3. ratnacUDa kA saparivAra merugamana aura dezavrata svIkAra / 304 kathAvastu -- pUrvajanma meM kaMcanapura ke bakula mAlI ne RSabhadeva bhagavAn ko puSpa car3hAne ke phalasvarUpa gajapura ke kamalasena nRpa ke putra ratnacUDa ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiyA / yuvA hone para eka madonmatta hAthI kA damana kiyA kintu hAthI ke rUpadhArI vidyAdhara ne usakA apaharaNa kara jaMgala meM DAla diyA / isake bAda vaha nAnA dezoM meM ghUmatA huA aneka anubhava prApta karatA hai, anekoM rAjakanyAoM se vivAha karatA hai aura anekoM Rddhi-vidyAe~ bhI siddha karatA hai / tatpazcAt patniyoM ke sAtha rAjadhAnI lauTakara bahuta kAla taka rAjyavaibhava bhogatA hai / phira dhArmika jIvana bitAkara svarga-prApti karatA hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake racayitA nemicandrasUri ( pUrva nAma devendragaNi ) haiM jo bRhadgaccha ke udyotanasUri ke praziSya aura Amradeva ke ziSya the / isa racanA kA samaya to mAlUma nahIM para inhoMne apanI dUsarI kRti mahAvIracariya ko saM0 1939 meM banAyA thaa| inakI anya kRtiyoM meM uttarAdhyayana-TIkA ( saM0 1129 ) tathA AkhyAnamaNikoza bhI milate haiM / inhoMne ratnacUDakathA kI racanA DaMDila padaniveza meM prArambha kI thI aura caDDAvalipurI meM samApta kI thI / isakI prAcIna prati saM0 1208 kI milI hai| isakI tAr3apatrIya prati cakrezvara aura paramAnandasUri ke anurodha se pradyumnasUri ke 1221 meM taiyAra kI thii| praziSya yazodeva ne saM0 ratnacUDakathA -- yaha saMskRta padyoM meM varNita kathA hai / isameM tAmilinI nagarI ke seTha ratnAkara ke putra ratnacUDa kI videza meM vANijya yAtrA kI kathA dI gaI hai| kathA ke bIca meM adbhuta DhaMga se svapna aura unakA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 160, 326, 327, paM0 maNivijaya granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1949. 2. yazovijaya granthamAlA, saM0 43, bhAvanagara; jinaratnakoza, pR0 327; isakA jarmana anuvAda je0 harTala ne kiyA hai jo 1922 meM lIpajiga se prakAzita huA hai|

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kathA-sAhitya 305 phala', yAtrArtha jAte hue putra ratnacUDa ko pitA dvArA zikSA jisameM vyAvahArika buddhi aura andhavizvAsoM kA vicitra saMmizraNa hai', yAtrArtha jAte hue zubha zakunoM kA ullekha', bhAgyazAlI puruSa ke zarIra meM 32 tilAdi cihnoM kI gaNanA Adi kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / yAtrA prasaMga meM ratnacUDa dhUrtoM kI nagarI anItipura nagara meM pahu~catA hai jahA~ anyAyI rAjA rAjya karatA hai jisakA avicAra maMtrI tathA azAMti purohita thA / dhUrtoM kI duniyA meM ratnacUDa ko anekoM camatkArI ghaTanAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A / kahAnI bar3I hI caturatApUrNa evaM manoraMjaka hai / kahAnI ke bIca meM rohaka nAmaka bAlaka evaM brAhmaNa somazarmA ke pitA kI kahAnI AviSkRta kI gaI hai / rohaka pAli mahAummagga jAtaka meM varNita mahAsedha nAmaka puruSa ke samAna hI aneka asaMbhava kAryoM ko apane buddhivala se kara letA hai / somazarmA brAhmaNa kA pitA havAI kile banAtA thA / kathAnakoM meM mauke-mauke para upadezAtmaka pada rakhe gaye haiM jo bar3e rocaka haiM / ratnacUDa apane buddhikauzala se dhana kamAkara lauTatA hai / use muni dharmaghoSa pUrvajanma meM diye gaye dAna kA prabhAva batAte haiM / phira anItipura ( dhUrta nagarI ) kI pratyeka ghaTanA ko rUpaka ke DhaMga se isa saMsAra meM ghaTAte hue kathA kI samApti hotI hai / " yaha kathA devendrasUrikRta prAkRta ratnacUDakathA se nAmasAmya hone para bhI sarvathA bhinna hai | racayitA aura racanAkAla - isake kartA tapAgacchIya ratnasiMha ke ziSya jJAna - sAgara haiM / inakA paricaya inakI anyatama kRti vimalanAthacarita ke prasaMga meM 1. zloka saM0 22-57. 2. zloka saM0 95-136. 3. zloka saM0 111-114. 4. iloka saM0 445-491. 5. zloka saM0 218-309. 6. zloka saM0 530-538. 7. ise tilakasundarI - ratnacUDakathAnaka bhI kahate haiM / 20

Page #319
306 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa diyA hai / ' vimalanAthacarita ke dAnadharmAdhikAra meM yahI kathA saMskRta gadya meM dI gaI hai| ratnacUDakathA para jinavallabhasUri, nemaprabha aura rAjavardhana ne bhI grantha race haiN| ratnazekharakathA --- rAjA ratnazekhara aura rAnI ratnavatI kI laukika kathA ko jaina kathAkAroM ne parvatithi ArAdhana ke kalpanAbandha meM parivartita kara prakaTa kiyA hai / kathAvastu -- ratnapura kA rAjA ratnazekhara kinnara yugala se ratnavatI kI prazaMsA suna mugdha hokara maranA cAhatA hai / para usakA mantrI AzvAsana dekara ratnavatI kA patA lagAne jaMgaloM meM bhaTakatA hai| eka yakSakanyA ke nirdeza se vaha agnikuNDa meM girakara pAtAlaloka meM pahu~catA hai aura vahA~ eka yakSa se usa kanyA ( jo mAnuSI thI ) kI utpatti jAna usase vivAha kara letA hai ( kanyA kI utpatti meM usake manuSyabhava ke pitA-mAtA kI kathA dI gaI hai jo parvatithi bhaMga karane se yakSa yoni meM utpanna hue the ) / usa yakSa ne hI use ratnavatI kA patA batalAyA jo ki siMhalanareza kI putrI thI / usa yakSa ne use vidyAbala se siMhaladvIpa bhI bheja diyA / vahA~ vaha yoginI ke veSa meM ratnavatI se milA / ratnavatI ne batalAyA ki vaha usa puruSa se vivAha karegI jo pUrvajanma meM usakA mRgarUpa meM pati thA / yoginI ne bhaviSya kA vicArakara batalA diyA ki usakA vahI pati use zIghra hI kAmadeva ke mandira meM dyUtakrIr3A karatA huA milegA samajhAkara vaha usI yakSavidyA ke bala se apane rAjA ke sAta mAha kI avadhi samApta hone para citA meM jala marane ko taiyAra thA / use sAtha lAkara kAmadeva ke mandira meM siMhala rAjakanyA se bheMTa karA dii| donoM meM vivAha ho gyaa| donoM apane nagara lauTa aaye| eka bAra eka zuka aura zuko Akara donoM ke hAthoM meM baiTha gaye aura pUchane para vidvattApUrNa vArtAlApa karate hue / isa prakAra ratnavatI ko pAsa ratnapura pahu~cA jo donoM mUcchita hokara mRtyu ko prApta hue / rAjA ne eka muni se ukta ghaTanA pUchane para jAnA ki ve usake pUrvaja the aura parvatithi kA bhaMga karane se pakSiyoni meM utpanna hue the / aba ve pApa se mukta ho dharaNendra- padmAvatI hue haiM / yaha jAna rAjA, rAnI, maMtrI Adi ne parvatithi pAlana kA niyama liyA aura anta meM vrata ke prabhAva se svarga gaye / 1. pR0 102-103. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 326-327.

Page #320
kathA - sAhitya 307 isa kathA meM yadi parvatithi- pAlana vidhi ko na jor3eM to yaha bilkula laukika kathA hai aura suprasiddha hindI kAvya jAyasIkRta padmAvata kI kathA kA mUlAdhAra siddha hotI hai / DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ne isakA vizleSaNa kara isa bAta ko bhalI-bhAMti siddha kara diyA hai|' ukta kathAnaka ko lekara saMskRta - prAkRta meM jaina kaviyoM ne 3-4 racanAe~ likhI haiN| sabase prAcIna tapAgacchIya jayatilakasUri ke ziSya dayAvardhanamaNi kI kRti hai jise 'ratnazekhararatnavatIkathA' yA 'parvavicAra' yA 'parvatithivicAra' kahA gayA hai / isameM 380 zloka haiM aura racanA saM0 1463 hai / dayAvardhana kI anyakRti haMsakathA bhI hai / etadviSayaka dUsarI racanA ratnazekharasUri kI hai / ye ratnazekhara kauna haiM, kahanA kaThina hai / eka ratnazekhara 15vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM aura dUsare 16vIM zatI ke prAraMbha meM hu haiM 1 tIsarI racanA prAkRta meM 'rayaNaseharIkahA' hai jisakA granthAgra 8000 zlokapramANa hai / isakI racanA tapAgacchIya jayacandrasUri ke ziSya jinaharSagaNi ne kI hai / inhoMne yaha kathA citrakUTa meM racI thii| isa kathA kA racanA saMvat jJAta nahIM para jina harSagaNi kI anya kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM unameM vastupAlacaritra kI racanA saM0 1497 meM aura viMzatisthAnakasaMgraha saM0 1502 meM likhI gaI hai / isakI prAcIna hastalikhita prati vi0 saM0 1512 kI hai ataH isakI racanA usase pUrva ko honI cAhiye / kucha ajJAtakartRka ratnazekharakathAe~ bhI haiM, unameM se eka kI prAcIna hastalikhita prati saM0 1553 kI milI hai / 1. madhyabhAratI patrikA, saMkhyA 2, DA0 jaina kA aMgrejI lekha, 'sorseja Apha padmAvata'. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 328; labdhivijayasUrIzvara granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, saM0 2014. 3. vahI. 4. vahI, pR0 324; jaMna vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA ( saM0 10 ), vArANasI, 1918; jaina AtmAnanda sabhA (saM0 63), bhAvanagara, saM0 1974.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa agaDadattapurANa ( carita)-isakI kathA ati prAcIna hone se purANa nAma se kahI gaI hai| isameM agaDadatta kA kAmAkhyAna evaM cAturI varNita hai / isake kartA ajJAta haiN| agaDadatta kI kathA vasudevahiNDI (5-6ThI zatI), uttarAdhyayana kI vAdivetAla zAntisUrikRta ziSyahitA prAkRta TIkA ( 11vIM zatI ) tathA nemicandrasUri ( pUrvanAma devendragaNi) kRta sukhabodhA TIkA ( saM0 1130 ) meM AtI hai| vasudevahiMDI ke anusAra agaDadatta ujjainI kA eka sArathIputra thaa| pitA kI mRtyu ho jAne para pitA ke parama mitra kauzAmbI ke eka AcArya se vaha zastravidyA sIkhatA hai, vahA~ usakA sAmadattA sundarI se prema ho jAtA hai / kucha samaya bAda vaha parivrAjaka rUpadhArI cora kA vadha karatA hai| usake bhUmigRha kA patA lagA usakI bahina se milatA hai| vahA~ usake badalA lene ke kapaTaprabaMdha se vaha baca jAtA hai| sAmadattA ko lekara ujjainI lauTate samaya dhanaMjaya nAma ke cora se usakA sAmanA hotA hai jisakA vaha vadha kara detA hai| ujjainI pahu~cane para sAmadattA ke sAtha udyAna yAtrA meM sAmadattA ko sarpa Dasa letA hai| vidyAdhara yugala ke sparza se vaha cetanA prApta karatI hai| devakula meM pahu~cakara sAmadattA agaDadatta ke vadha kA prayatna karatI hai| strI-nindA aura saMsAra-vairAgya ke rUpa meM kahAnI kA anta hotA hai| nemicandrasUri ne uttarAdhyayana-vRtti meM ise pratibuddhajIvI ke dRSTAntarUpa meM kahA hai / yaha kathAnaka pUrvokta kathAnaka se kaI bAtoM meM bhinna hai| kaI ghaTanAoM aura pAtroM ke nAmoM meM antara hai| nemicandrasUri kA srota sambhavataH vasudevahiMDI ke srota se bhinna rahA ho| jarmana vidvAn DAkTara AlsaDorpha ne isa kathAnaka kA vizleSaNa kara ise hajAroM varSa prAcIna kathAnakoM kI zreNI meM rakhA hai| saMbhavataH ati prAcInatA ke kAraNa hI ukta racanA ko agaDadattapurANa kahA gayA hai| uttamakumAracarita-dAna ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie ukta laukika kathA kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| uttamakumAra eka rAjakumAra hai jo ki nAnA 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 1; vinayabhakti sundaracaraNa granthamAlA (saM0 6), jAmanagara, saM0 1997; yaha racanA saMskRta ke 334 zlokoM meM samApta hai, ise dravyabhAva-nidrAtyAga ke dRSTAnta-rUpa meM kahA gayA hai| 2. vasudevahiMDI, pR0 36-42. 3. e nyU varsana mApha agaDadatta sTorI, nyU iNDiyana aiMTIkverI, bhAga 1, san 1938-39.

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kathA-sAhitya 309 prakAra ke sAhasa ke kArya karatA hai aura duHkhoM se pAra hotA huA paga-paga meM Rddhi-siddhi pAtA hai| dharmakathA kI dRSTi se batalAyA gayA hai ki jIvana meM use jo bIca-bIca meM duHkha Aye ve pUrvabhava ke duSkarma ke kAraNa Aye aura jo saphalatAe~ milI usakA kAraNa muniyoM ko vastradAna denA thaa| ___ isa kathA ko lekara kaI lekhakoM kI racanAe~ milatI haiN| saMskRta zlokoM meM prathama kRti tapAgacchIya somasundara ke ziSya jinakIrtikRta' hai aura dUsarI somasundara ke praziSya evaM ratnazekhara ke ziSya somamaMDanagaNikRta hai|' paTTAvalI ke anusAra somasundara ko vi0 saM0 1457 meM sUripada milA thA isase ye racanAe~ 15vIM sadI ke antima dazakoM kI honI cAhie / isI viSaya kI eka anya kRti zubhazIlagaNikRta pAI jAtI hai| caturtha racanA 16vIM zatAbdI ke kharataragacchIya bhaktilAbha ke ziSya cArucandrakRta hai jisameM 686 zloka sarala bhASA meM haiN| isameM granthAntaroM se uddhata bIca-bIca meM prAkRta padya bhI A gaye haiN| aneka avAntara kathAe~ bhI saMkSepa meM dI gaI haiM / isI kathA kA ajJAtakartRka saMskRta gadya meM rUpAntara bhI milatA hai| jarmana vidvAn vebara ne san 1884 meM isakA sampAdana aura jarmana bhASA meM anuvAda bhI kiyA hai| 19vIM zatAbdI ke kharataragacchIya vinItasundara ke ziSya sumativardhana ne bhI isa kathA para eka padyAtmaka racanA likhI hai|' bhImasenanRpakathA-paMcapAMDavoM se atirikta jaina kathAnakoM meM kaI bhImasena ke caritra varNita haiN| dhanezvarasUrikRta zatruJjayamAhAtmya meM bhI eka bhImasenacaritra AyA hai aura yazodevakRta dharmopadezaprakaraNa (vi0 saM0 1305) meM eka anya bhImasena nRpa kA caritra AyA hai| saMskRta meM svataMtra racanA ke rUpa meM ajJAtakartRka tIna kRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| bIsavIM sadI meM ukta donoM 1-3. vahI, pR0 41. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 41, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1922; vardhamAna satyanIti harSasUri jaina granthamAlA, puSpa 15. 5. vahI, pR0 42. 6. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSThama zatAbdI grantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 26. 7. jinarasnakoza, pR0 297.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 310 caritoM ko lekara tapAgacchIya buddhisAgara ke ziSya ajitasAgara ne do racanAe~ kI haiN| pahalI racanA yazodeva ke ukta kathAkoza rUpI grantha se kathAnaka lekara kI gaI 13 sargoM kI bRhatI racanA hai|' isameM 2425 padya haiN| isameM sabhI rasoM kA pratipAdana huA hai para karuNa rasa kI pradhAnatA hai / bhImasena antarAyakarma kI prabalatA se aneka kaSTa sahatA hai aura munidAna ke prabhAva se tathA vardhamAnatapa ke apane rAjya ko pA letA hai / phira tapasyA kara mokSapada pAtA hai / prabhAva dvitIya racanA meM 268 padya haiM jo zatruJjayamAhAtmya ke anusAra haiN| isa kathA kA nirdeza hamane ukta mAhAtmya ke prasaMga meM kiyA hai / 17vIM zatI kA yazovijayakRta eka ArSabhImacaritra bhI upalabdha huA hai / campakazreSThikathAnaka - yaha eka saMskRta gadya meM likhI gaI anya kathAkoSoM tathA prabaMdhacintAmaNi samAgata campazreSThi kI sAtha meM, usake bhItara tIna aura sundara upAkhyAna diye gaye puruSArtha ke mahattva ko sUcita karate haiM / saMkSepa meM kathA isa prakAra hai : campAnagarI ke eka seTha ko thI / gotradevI ne batalAyA ki usakA uttarAdhikArI dAsI ke bAlaka hogA / isa para usa bhavitavyatA ko badalane kA vaha prayatna karane lagA / usane dAsI ko khojakara use garbhiNI hAlata meM mAra DAlA para bhAgyavaza usakA baccA jIvita nikalA aura dUsaroM dvArA pAlA gyaa| bar3A hone para seTha ko patA lagatA hai aura vaha use mAra DAlane ke lie eka gupta patra likhatA hai jo ki usakI putrI tilottamA dvArA vivAha - patra ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / isa taraha campaka usa seTha kA jAmAtA bana jAtA hai / phira bhI seTha use mAra DAlanA cAhatA hai para seTha hI mArA jAtA hai aura campaka usakA uttarAdhikArI bana jAtA hai| kathA' hai jisameM kathA dI gaI hai / haiM jo bhAgya aura koI santAna na garbha se utpanna 1. ajitasAgarasUri granthamAlA ( saM0 14-15 ), prAntija ( gujarAta ). 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 321; isakA aMgrejI aura jarmana anuvAda harTela ne san 1922 meM lIpajiga se nikAlA hai| isakA eka saMskaraNa vidyAvijaya yaMtrAlaya se san 1915 meM nikalA hai /

Page #324
kathA-sAhitya 311 isa kathA meM tIna kahAniyA~ zAmila kI gaI haiN| prathama kathA rAvaNa kI hai jo vyartha meM bhAgyacakra ko cunautI detA hai| dUsarI kathA meM puruSArtha dvArA vidhilikhita bAta bhI badalI gaI hai aura tIsarI kathA eka vaNika kI hai jo aba taka logoM ko ThagatA rahA hai para anta meM eka vezyA dvArA ThagA jAtA hai / yaha antima kathA bar3I hAsyapUrNa hai | yaha eka aisI kahAnI hai jo pUrva evaM pazcima donoM dezoM meM prasiddha hai, jise brAhmaNa evaM bauddha sAhitya meM bhI dekhate haiM / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake praNetA tapAgacchIya somasundarasUri ke ziSya jinakIrti haiM / inakA samaya 15vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai / granthakAra kI anya kRtiyA~ dAnakalpadruma aparanAma dhanyazAlicaritra ( vi0 saM0 1497 ), zrIpAla - gopAlakathA, paMcajinastava, namaskArastava ( vi0 saM0 1494 ), zrAddhaguNasaMgraha ( vi0 saM0 1498 ) haiM / campakazreSThI kI kathA para tapAgacchIya jayavimalagaNi ke ziSya prItivimala kI racanA' (saM0 1656 ) tathA jayasoma kI racanA bhI upalabdha hotI hai / aghaTakumAra kathA -- yaha campakazreSThI ke samAna hI laukika kathA hai jisameM patravinimaya dvArA kathAnAyaka aghaTakumAra ke mRtyu se bacane kI ghaTanA AI hai| isa para do ajJAtakartRka padyAtmaka kRtiyA~ milatI haiN| jinakIrtikRta anupakumArakathA saMskRta gadya meM hai / isakA jarmana anuvAda DA0 kumArI cAsa krAusa ne san 1922 meM kiyA hai / uparyukta racanA kA kAla nahIM diyA gayA hai / yaha anumAnataH 15-16vIM zatI kI racanA hai / mUladevanRpakathA - mUladeva nRpa kI lokasAhitya jagat kI eka kathA ko supAtradAna ke udAharaNa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / mUladeva pATaliputra kA eka ati rUpavAn rAjakumAra thA / use juA khelane kA vyasana thA / usake pitA ne use nikAla diyA | ujjainI pahu~cakara vaha gulikA vidyA se baune kA rUpa dhAraNa kara manohara gIta gAte hue rahane lagA / usa para devadattA nAmaka vezyA Asakta ho gaI / vezyA kI mAM ne use kapaTa prabaMdha se vahA~ se bhAgane ko bAdhya kiyA / bhUkhe 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 121; jamanAbhAI bhagubhAI, ahamadAbAda, 1916. 2. vahI, pR0 121. 3-5. vahI, pR0 1.

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312 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pyAse bhaTakate hue use bhikSA meM kucha kulmASa mile jinheM usane muni ko AhAra meM diye| isase prasanna ho eka devI ne vara mAMgane ko kahA / phalasvarUpa usane rAjya aura devadattA vezyA ko vara meM maaNgaa| satpAtra dAna se use aizvarya evaM aneka kautukapUrNa kArya karane ko mile / prastuta kRti 322 saMskRta zlokoM meM samApta huI hai| racayitA kA nAma ajJAta hai| nAbhAkanRpakathA-devadravya ke sadupayoga para nAbhAka nRpa kI kathA kahI gaI hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki nAbhAka kisa taraha devadravya ke sadupayoga se sadgati pAtA hai aura usI kA durupayoga karane se usakA bhAI siMha aura eka nAga seTha bhavAntaroM meM kaise duHkha pAte haiN| kathAprasaMga meM zatrujayatIrtha kA mAhAtmya bhI varNita hai / yaha grantha saMskRta zlokoM meM hai tathA bIca-bIca meM prAkRta kI gAthAe~ bhI A gaI haiM jinakA 'uktaM ca' dvArA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| kathA bar3I rocaka hai| ___ racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isakI racanA aMcalaganchIya merutuMgasUri ne vi0 saM0 1464 meM kI hai| ye mahendrasUri ke ziSya the| inakI anya racanAe~ haiMjainameghadUtasaTIka, kAtaMtravyAkaraNavRtti, SaDdarzananirNaya Adi / nAmAkanRpakayA para kamalarAja ke ziSya ratnalAbhakRta racanA tathA eka ajJAtakartRka nAbhAkanRpakathA bhI milatI hai| mRgAMkacarita-ise mRgAMkakumArakathA bhI kahate haiN| yaha eka lokakathA hai jise pAtradAna meM sad-asadbhAva ke phala ko dyotana karane se sambaddha kiyA gayA hai| kathAvastu-mRgAMka aura padmAvatI sAtha-sAtha par3hate haiN| padmAvatI ke pitA ne mRgAMka ko apanI putrI ke lie dene ko 80 kaur3iyA~ dI para mRgAMka ne unase kumhar3ApAka lekara khA liyaa| padmAvatI ko jaba yaha mAlUma huA to vaha bahuta kruddha huI aura maukA Ane para sIkha dene kI dhamakI dI / 1. vinayabhakti sundaracaraNa granthamAlA (saM04), jAmanagara, saM0 1995, 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 210; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1908. 3. vahI, pR0 21..

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kathA-sAhitya 313 yuvAvasthA meM bhAgyavaza donoM kA vivAha ho gayA / kucha dinoM bAda mRgAMka purAnI bAta yAda AI aura usane badalA lenA caahaa| pahale to vaha use chor3a paradeza jAnA cAhatA thA para vaha bhI sAtha ho lI / jalamArga se jAte hue eka dvIpa meM rAtri ko vaha padmAvatI ko sotA huA chor3a detA hai / kaSToM ko pAra karatI huI padmAvatI eka vidyAdhara se adRzya hone, rUpa badalane aura dUsare kI vidyA naSTa karane kI vidyA pA jAtI hai| inhIM vidyAoM ke sahAre vaha puruSaveza dhAraNakara susumArapura meM rahane lagatI hai aura vahA~ rAjaputroM ko par3hA, cuMgI vasUla karanevAle AphIsara kA kAma tathA aneka adbhuta kAma karatI hai / mRgAMka bhI bhAgya kA mArA vahA~ AyA / cuMgI ( zulka ) kI corI ke bahAne se padmAvatI ne use khUba taMga kiyA aura badalA liyA para saba premasikta bhAva se / anta meM mRgAMka se dInatA prakaTa karAke usane apanA asalI rUpa prakaTa kiyA / vaha pIche rAjA kA dAmAda ho rAjyapada bhI pA sakA / eka bAra eka muni se vipatti aura sampatti ke isa parivartana ko usane pUchA aura unhoMne pUrvajanma meM pAtradAna dene para bhI pIche kubhAva aura phira subhAva lAnA hI kAraNa batalAyA / C isa kathA para mRgAMkakumArakathA nAmaka ajJAtakatR ke racanA' tathA 283 saMskRta padyoM meM likhA mRgAMkacaritra' milatA hai| isa dvitIya kRti ke lekhaka paNDita Rddhicandra haiM jo akabara aura jahA~gIra ke darabAra meM khyAtiprApta upAdhyAya bhAnucandra ke suyogya ziSya the / ise vidvAn udayacandra ne zuddha kiyA thaa| dharmadattakathAnaka yA candradhavala- dharmadattakathA - yaha eka dharmakathA ke rUpa meM parivartita kara atithisaMvibhAga vrata ke ke lie upayoga kiyA gayA hai / kathAvastu -- isa kathA meM do nAyaka haiM : candradhavala nRpa aura dharmadatta zreSThI / dharmadatta ko eka yogI kI kRpA se suvarNapuruSa prApta hone vAlA thA ki bIca meM candradhavala ne use chipA diyA / pIche use bhI eka bar3A hissA diyA gayA / donoM ne eka muni se pUchA ki isakA kAraNa kyA hai to muni ne pUrvajanma kI bAta laukika kathA hai jise mAhAtmya ko dikhAne 1- 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 313; sUrata se 1917 meM prakAzita; jaina bhAtmavIra sabhA (saM0 5 ), bhAvanagara, saM0 1973 ; hindI anuvAda - yazodharmamandira, dillI dvArA prakAzita. 3. prazasti, padya 284-288.

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314 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kahI / usameM dharmadatta ke jIva ne pUrvabhava meM sAdhuoM ko 16 modaka diye the isase use 16 karor3a kA suvarNa milA aura candradhavala ne agaNita modaka diye the isase use agaNita sonA aura dhanarAzi milii| ukta kathAnaka ko lekara kaI racanAe~ milatI haiN| sarvaprathama aMcalagacchIya merutuMga ke ziSya mANikyasundarakRta hai jisakA samaya vi0 saM0 1484 hai| inakI anya kRtiyoM meM zukarAjakathA Adi haiN| prastuta kathA pracalita saMskRta gadya meM likhI gaI hai| bIca meM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura dezI bhASA ke subhASita haiN| dUsarI racanA vinayakuzalagaNikRta hai / isakA racanA saMvat jJAta nahIM hai / isa viSaya kI anya kRtiyA~ ajJAtakartRka haiN| unameM eka prAcIna kRti kA saMvat 1521 diyA gayA hai|' ratnasAramantrikathA-vardhamAnadezanA ( zubhavardhanagaNi ) meM parigraha-parimANa ke viSaya meM ratnasAra kI kathA kahI gaI hai| isI kathA ko lekara ajJAtakartRka ratnasAramaMtridAsIkathA' milatI hai| isI kathA ko lekara saMskRta gadya meM tapAgacchIya AcArya yatIndrasari ( 20vIM zatA0 ) ne ratnasAracaritra' kI racanA kI hai| ratnapAlakathA-ratnapAla ke janmakAla meM hI usake mAtA-pitA nidhana evaM karjadAra ho jAte haiM aura sAhakAra use 27 dina kI Ayu meM RNa adAyagI taka ke lie le jAtA hai / yuvA hone para kisa taraha ratnapAla videza yAtrA karatA hai aura idhara usake mAtA-pitA lakar3I becakara duHkha uThAte haiM, ratnapAla kisa taraha una sabako karja se mukti dilA sukha-sampatti pAtA hai Adi caritra diyA gayA hai| ___isameM jIva kaise eka hI janma meM karma kI vicitratA kA anubhava karatA hai yaha dikhalAne kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 118, 189; haMsavijaya phrI lAyabrerI, ahamadAbAda, saM0 1981. 3. vahI, pR0 189. 4. vahI, pR0 328. 5. yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha, pR0 41. ___

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kathA-sAhitya 315 isa kathAnaka ko lekara anekoM racanAe~ banAI gaI haiN| sarvaprathama ratnazekharasUrikRta racanA' milatI hai| dUsarI tapAgaccha ke bhAnucandragaNikRta hai| isakI prAcIna prati saM0 1662 ko milI hai| tIsarI tapAgacchIya munisundara ke ziSya somamaNDanagaNikRta hai| bIsavIM sadI meM terApanthI muni nathamala jI (Tamakora) ne saMskRta meM ratnapAlacaritra kI tathA candanamuni ne prAkRta gadya meM saMskRta chAyA tathA hindI anuvAda ke sAtha 'rayaNavAlakahA' kI racanA saM0 2002 meM kI hai| ___ candrarAjacarita-isa kautuka evaM camatkArapUrNa caritra meM candrarAja kI kathA dI gaI hai jo apanI sautelI mAtA ke kapaTa-prabaMdha se nAnA prakAra ke kaSTa uThAtA hai aura yahAM taka ki kukkaTa banA diyA jAtA hai| una kaSToM se usakI mukti zatrujaya tIrtha ke sUryakuNDa meM snAna karane se hotI hai / pIche vaha rAjyasukha bhoga munisuvrata svAmI ke samosaraNa meM dIkSA le letA hai| yaha carita atimAnavIya tathA naTa Adi ke camatkAroM se bharA huA hai| ukta kathAnaka ko lekara saMskRta padya-gadyamaya tathA hindI aura gujarAtI meM racanAe~ milatI haiN| sarvaprathama guNaratnasUriviracita candrarAjacarita kA ullekha milatA hai| usakA racanAsamaya jJAta nahIM hai| bIsavIM sadI meM tapAgaccha ke vijayabhUpendrasUri ne saMskRta gadya meM saM0 1993 meM eka vizAla racanA kI hai jisameM 28 adhyAya haiN| bIca-bIca meM saMskRta tathA hindI ke aneka padya uddhata kiye gaye haiN| yaha kRti paNDita kAzInAtha jaina dvArA saMkalita hindI caritra ke AdhAra se likhI gaI hai| pAla-gopAlakathA-isa kathA meM ukta nAma ke do bhrAtAoM ke paribhramaNa va nAnA prakAra ke sAhasoM va pralobhanoM ko pArakara anta meM dhArmika jIvana vyatIta karane kA rocaka vRttAnta diyA gayA hai / 1-2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 327. 3. vahI; jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1969, 4. bhAgavataprasAda raNachor3adAsa, ahamadAbAda, 1971; isakI saMskRta chAyA muni gulAbacandra nirmohI ne tathA hindI anuvAda muni dulaharAja ne kiyA hai| 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 121. 6. bhUpendrasUri jaina sAhitya prakAzaka samiti, Ahora (mAravAr3a), saM0 1998,

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa kathA para eka ajJAtakartRka racanA milatI hai / ' eka jJAtakartRka racanA ke racayitA tapAgaccha ke somasundarasUri ke ziSya jinakIrti haiN|' isakA jarmana bhASA meM anuvAda huA hai| isa kathA ko zrIpAla-gopAlakathA' nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| kRtapuNyacarita-supAtra dAna ko lekara kRtakarmanRpatikathA' tathA kRtapuNya seTha yA kayavannA seTha kI kathA kahI gaI hai| kRtapuNya kI kathA kathAkoSaprakaraNa (jinezvarasUri ) tathA dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa ( jayasiMhasUri ) meM AI hai| isa para svataMtra racanAe~ bhI milatI haiN| pahalI racanA jinapatisUri ke ziSya pUrNabhadragaNi ne jinapati ke paTTadhara jinezvara ke zAsanakAla meM saM0 1305 meM kI thii| dvitIya racanA kRtapuNyakathA aparanAma kayavannAkathA ajJAtakartRka kA ullekha milatA hai| tRtIya racanA bIsavIM sadI meM vijayarAjendrasUri ne paMcataMtra kI zailI meM gadyAtmaka rUpa meM likho hai| bIca-bIca meM kahAniyoM ko jor3ane ke lie zloka uddhata haiN| isakI racanA saM0 1985 meM huI hai| pApabuddhi-dharmabuddhikathA-bhAvAtmaka va kalpita pApabuddhi rAjA aura dharmabuddhi maMtrI ke mAdhyama se pApa aura dharma ke mahattva ko samajhAne ke lie ukta kathA kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| isa kathA ko anya nAmoM se bhI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai yathA kAmaghaTakathA, kAmakumbhakathA aura amaratejA-dharmabuddhikathA / inameM se kucha ke kartA jJAta haiM aura adhikAMza ke kartA ajJAta haiN| jJAtakartRka racanAoM meM hIravijayasantAnIya mAnavijaya ke ziSya jayavijaya ne pApabuddhi-dharmabuddhikathA' aparanAma kAmaghaTakathA kI racanA kii| jayavijaya ne 1-3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 248, 396; AtmAnandajaya granthamAlA, dabhoI, saM0 1976; je0 harTelakRta jarmana anuvAda, lAipajiga, 1917. 1. vahI, pR. 95. 5. vahI. 6. rAjendra pravacana kAryAlaya, khuDAlA ( mAravAr3a), saM0 1988. 7.9. jinaratnakoza, pR0 14, 84, 243, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1909; mAsTara umedacandra rAyacandra, pAMjarApola, ahamadAbAda; isakA parivardhita rUpa bhUpendrasUri jaina sAhitya samiti, Ahora (mAravAr3a) se prakAzita humA hai|

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kathA-sAhitya 317 eka bRhat grantha dharmaparIkSA kI racanA kI thii| usI kA yaha kathA khaNDamAtra hai| kartA kA samaya 16.17vIM zatAbdI anumAnita hai| etadviSayaka ajJAtakartRka saMskRta racanAoM kA nirdeza milatA hai| gujarAtI meM bhI kaI racanAe~ haiN|' puruSapAtra-pradhAna laghu kathAe~ : kucha aitihAsika puruSoM ko lekara bhI kathA-grantha likhe gaye haiN| inameM aitihAsikatA kA aMza kama hai / samprAtinRpacarita-samrATa azoka ke pautra samprati ke kathAtmaka caritra ko lekara eka-do racanAe~ prakAzita huI haiN| inake racayitA aura racanAkAla kI sUcanA nahIM dI gaI hai| navanandacarita-nandarAjyavaMza ke saMsthApaka navanandoM ke kathAtmaka carita se sambaddha eka racanA ajJAtakatRka milatI hai / racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai| isakI tADapatrIya prati jesalamera meM hai| zAlivAhanacarita-isa kRti meM sAtavAhana kI kathA dI gaI hai| yaha 1800 zloka-pramANa hai| isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1540 meM huI thii| racanAkAra tapAgacchIya munisundarasUri ke ziSya zubhazIlagaNi haiM / devardhigaNikSamAzramaNacarita-valabhI vAcanA ke pramukha devardhigaNi para svataMtra racanA ke rUpa meM jainagranthAvali meM devardhikathA kA ullekha milatA hai tathA ahamadAbAda ke DelA upAzraya bhaNDAra meM devardhigaNikSamAzramaNacarita upalabdha hai| akalaMkakathA-prasiddha jaina naiyAyika AcArya akalaMka ke jIvana para camakArapUrNa kathA kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| svataMtra racanA ke rUpa meM bhaTTAraka siMhanandi aura bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kI kRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 1. jaina gurjara kavibho, bhAga 1-3, kRtisUcI. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 422; AtmAnandajaya granthamAlA (dabhoI ), ahamadA bAda, saM0 1976; dUsarI racanA-hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara. 3. vahI, pR0 208. 4. vahI, pR0 382. 5-6. vahI, pR0 178. 7. vahI, pR01.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pAtrakezarikathA-diga0 muni pAtrakezarI kI kathA para bhaTTAraka malliSeNa ( 16vIM zatAbdI) kI racanA upalabdha hotI hai|' pAtrakezarI ke viSaya meM paM0 jugalakizora mukhtayAra ne mAnA hai ki ye bauddha tArkika dharmakIrti aura mImAMsaka kumArila ke prAyaH samakAlIna the| pAtrakezarI dvArA racita jinendraguNasampatti, pAtrakezaristotra aura nyAyagrantha trilakSaNakadarthana kA ullekha milatA hai / maMgvAcAryakathA-Arya maMgu ko pAzvastha bhikSu kahA gayA hai| mathurA meM subhikSA prApta hone para bhI AhAra kA koI pratibaMdha nahIM rakhate the| inakI kathA upadezamAlA aura upadezaprAsAda meM AI hai| unhIM ke viSaya meM ukta kathAkRti upalabdha hai| racayitA kA nAma evaM racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai / ilAcIputrakathA-bhAvanA yA bhAvazuddhi ke mahatva ko batalAne ke lie ilAcIputra kI kathA dI gaI hai| yaha kathA kathAkozoM meM varNita hai| prastuta racanA prAkRta meM nibaddha hai| racayitA kA nAma evaM racanAkAla ajJAta hai| anAthamunikathA-anAtha muni kI kathA uttarAdhyayana meM AI hai| inake pitA dhanADhya the| para ye bAlyakAla meM nAnA rogoM se grasta the / inakI vedanA ko koI na ba~TA skaa| atyanta nirAza ho unhoMne socA-'yadi maiM isa vedanA se mukta ho jAU~ to pravrajyA svIkAra kara luuNgaa'| ve rogamukta hokara dIkSita ho gaye aura rAjagRha ke maNDi kukSi caitya meM rAjA zreNika ko sanAtha aura anAya kA artha samajhAyA / ukta kathAnaka para ajJAtakartRka racanA milatI hai| gujarAtI meM etadviSayaka aneka kAvya milate haiN| pradezI yA paradezIcarita-rAyapaseNiya sUtra meM rAjA pradezI aura kumArazramaNa kezI kA rocaka kathAnaka diyA gayA hai| yaha paravartI lekhakoM ko bar3A rocaka lgaa| isa para prAkRta, saMskRta aura gujarAtI meM anekoM racanAe~ likhI gaI haiN| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 243. 2. vahI, pR0 300. 3. vahI, pR0, 40. 4. vahI, pR0 7. .5. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, pR0 408, 602, 646 Adi.

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kathA-sAhitya 319 saMskRta meM ukta kathA para kuzalarucikRta eka kRti hai jisakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1564 kI milatI hai| dUsarI cAritropAdhyAyakRta saM0 1913 kI upalabdha hai| prAkRta meM 300 granthAna-pramANa racanA hai / isake kartA kA nAma jJAta nahIM hai| eka aura ajJAtakartRka racanA kA ullekha milatA hai| nAgadattakathA-nAgadatta kI kathA kaI prasaMgoM ke udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta kI gaI hai| Avazyakaniyukti ke pratikramaNa adhyayana meM nAgadatta kI kathA AI hai| hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza ( 10vIM zatAbdI) meM nirmohitA ke udAharaNarUpa meM nAgadatta kI kathA dI gaI hai| kaI kathAkozoM meM adatta-agrahaNa ke udAharaNarUpa meM yaha kathA varNita hai / eka racanA aSTAhnikA parva ke mAhAtmya ko sUcita karane ke lie bhI racI gaI hai / prAkRta meM 1000 granthAna kA nAgadattacariyaM ( ajJAtakatRka ) bhI milatA hai| vikramasenacarita-isameM vikramasena nareza kA samyaktvalAbha se lekara sarvArthasiddhi vimAna jAne taka kA vRttAnta prAkRta chandoM meM varNita hai| sAtha hI dAna, tapa, bhAvanA ke prasaMga se 14 kathAe~ bhI dI gaI haiN| yaha eka upadezakathAgrantha hai| isake racayitA ne apanA nAma padmacandra ziSya mAtra diyA hai| racanAsamaya ajJAta hai| anikAcArya-puSpacUlAkathA-isameM tapasvI annikAcArya aura sAdhuoM kI satata vaiyAvRtya ( sevA ) kara kevalajJAna prApta karanevAlI mahilA puSpacUlA kI kathA dI gaI hai| zubhazIlagaNikRta bharatezvara-bAhubalivRtti meM bhI yaha kathA AI hai| isake pUrva upadezamAlA aura upadezaprAsAda meM bhI yaha kathA varNita hai| isakI svataMtra racanA' tapAgacchIya amaravijaya ke ziSya munivijayakRta upalabdha hotI hai| racanAsamaya ajJAta hai| 1-4. jinara nakoza, pR0 236 aura 263-264. 5-6. vahI, pR0 210. 7. vahI, pR0 350, pATana granthabhaNDAra sUcI, bhAga 1, pR. 173. 8. 5vIM aura 32vI kathA. 9. jinaratnakoza, pR0 11.

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320 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mRgadhvajacarita-hiMsA ke doSa se bacane ke lie tIvra tapasyA kara kaivalya prApta karanevAle rAjaputra mRgadhvaja kI kathA' vRhatkathAkoza ( hariSeNakRta ) meM dI gaI hai| svataMtra racanA ke rUpa meM kharataragacchIya padmakumAra ne 83 gAthAoM meM isakI racanA kI hai| racanAsamaya ajJAta hai para gujarAtI meM inhIM padmakumArakRta mRgadhvajacaupAI milatI hai jisakA racanAkAla saM0 1661 diyA gayA hai| prItikaramahAmunicarita-prItikara muni ke caritra para do diga0 kaviyoM kI saMskRta racanAe~ milatI haiN| brahma nemidatta kI kRti meM pA~ca sarga haiN| isakI prAcIna prati saM0 1645 kI milI hai| dUsarI racanA saMskRta meM bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti kI milatI hai / usakA racanAsamaya jJAta nahIM hai| narendrakIrti satrahavIM zatI ke antima tathA aThArahavIM ke prathama dazaka ke vidvAn the| ArAmanandanakathA-paMca NamokAra mantra ke prabhAva se aneka sukha milate haiM, bhavapAra ho jAtA hai, devagati milatI hai| yaha kathA NamokAra mantra kA mAhAtmya batalAne ke lie saMskRta 605 zlokoM meM racI gayI hai| racanA-samaya jJAta nahIM para isa racanA ke AdhAra para saM0 1587 meM sAMDeragaccha ke dharmasAgara ke ziSya cauhatha ne gujarAtI meM ArAmanandanacaupaI kI racanA kI hai| ajAputrakathAnaka-puNya se sAhasa, sadbhAva, kIrti Adi sabhI milate haiM / dRSTAntasvarUpa anAputra kI kathA para do racanAe~ milatI haiN| eka ajJAtakartRka 561 zlokoM meM hai aura eka gadya meN| eka ke kartA jinamANikya haiM aura dUsarI ke mANikyasundarasUri ( 16vIM shtii)| isa para gujarAtI meM kaI rAsa bhI milate haiN|' 1. kathA saM0 121. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR. 313. 3. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 462. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 281. 5. vahI, pR0 33. 6. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, pR0 578. 7. jinarasnakoza, pR0 2. 8. jaina gurjara kavimao, bhAga 3, pR0 537, 538.

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kathA-sAhitya 321 cANakyarSikathA-cANakya kA caritra hariSeNa ne bRhatkathAkoza meM aura hemacandrAcArya ne pariziSTaparva meM diyA hai| usa para devAcArya kI ukta svatantra racanA milatI hai / racanAkAla nahIM diyA gayA hai / mitracatuSkakathA-svadArasantoSavrata ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie sumukhanRpAdimitracatuSkakathA aparanAma mitracatuSkakathA kI racanA 517 zlokoM meM tapAgacchIya somasundarasUri ke ziSya munisundarasUri ne saM0 1484 meM kI hai| isakA saMzodhana lakSmIbhadrasUri ne kiyA thaa| kinhIM saMyamaratnasUri ne bhI mitracatuSkakathA' (granthAna 1631) kI racanA kI hai| ukta vrata ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie paM0 rAmacandragaNi ne 11 sargoM kA eka sumukhanRpatikAvya saM0 1770 meM racA hai| isa kAvya kI eka truTita prati prApta huI hai| ___ . dhanadeva-dhanadattakathA-ise dhanadattakathA, dhanadharmakathA bhI kahate haiN| supAtra meM bhuktidAna se pApa dUra hokara sampatti milatI hai / isa bAta ko batalAne ke lie dhanadeva aura dhanadatta kI kathA dI gaI hai / isa para sarvaprathama kRti tapAgaccha ke munisundara kI racanA 440 saMskRta zlokoM meM milatI hai| racanA meM saM0 1484 diyA gayA hai| dUsarI racanA tapAgacchIya amaracandra kI hai| amaracandra kA samaya 17vIM zatI kA uttarArdha hai| inakI gujarAtI racanAe~ kuladhvajakumAra ( saM0 1678) aura sItAviraha (saM0 1679 ) milatI haiN|" 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 122. 2. vahI, pR0 301, 447; jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, granyAMka 75, bhAvanagara; gujarAtI anuvAda bhI vahIM se saM0 1979 meM prakAzita. 3. vahI. 4. zramaNa, varSa 19, aMka 8, pR0 30-3, meM zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA lekha 'paM0 rAmacandraracita sumukhanRpati-kAvya'. 5-6. jinaratnakoza, pR0 186, 187. 7. jaina gurjara kavibho, bhAga 1, pR0 507, 508. . 21

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dhanadattakathA - zrAvakadharma meM vyavahArazuddhi ke lie amaracandra ne saMskRta meM dattakathA' likhI hai / dhanadattakathA para gujarAtI meM kaI rAsa' likhe gaye haiM 1 322 amarasena-vajrasenakathAnaka -- dAna evaM pUjA se apAra sukha milatA hai / isa bAta kA dyotana karane ke lie amarasena- vajrasena rAjarSi kI kathA isameM varNita hai / isa para kaI kRtiyA~ milatI haiN| pahalI kRti 16vIM zatI ke matinandanagaNi kI hai jo kharataragaccha meM pippalakagaccha ke dharmacandragaNi ke ziSya the| inakI anya kRti dharmavilAsa milatI hai| ukta kathA para anya do ajJAtakartRka racanAe~ bhI haiM jinameM eka kI racanA saM0 1658 meM huI thii|" satrahavIM aura aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM gujarAtI meM isa kathAnaka para kaI grantha likhe gaye haiM / " amaradatta-mitrAnandakathAnaka - isameM amaradatta - mitrAnanda ke sarasa sambandha ko dikhAte hue dAna ke prabhAva se una donoM ne saMsAra meM kisa taraha sukha pAyA yaha dikhalAyA gayA hai| isake racayitA bhAvacandragaNi haiM jo bhAnucandragaNi ke ziSya the / unhoMne yaha kathA zAntinAthacaritra meM varNita kI hai / isa para gujarAtI meM kaI rAsa bane haiN| -- sumitra kathA- -yaha kathA vardhamAnadezanA ( zubhavardhana gaNi) meM dasaveM zrAvakavrata ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie dI hai / svatantra racanAoM ke rUpa meM harSakuMjara upAdhyAyakRta sumitracaritra aura ajJAtakatRka sumitrakathA milatI haiM / rUpasenakathA -- isameM dAna ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie rUpasena aura kanakAvatI kI kathA dI gaI hai| isa kathAnaka para aneka kRtiyA~ milatI haiM / 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 186. 2. jaina gurjara kavibho, bhAga 1, pR0 368. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 14. 4. vahI. 5. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 475; bhAga 2, pR0 165. 6. jinaratnakoza, pR0 14; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1924, 7. jaina gurjara kavioo, bhAga 1, pR0 200; bhAga 2, pR094, 224. 8- 9. jinaratnakoza, pR0 446.

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kathA-sAhitya ajJAtakartRka racanAoM meM rUpasenakanakAvatIcaritra, rUpasenakathA, rUpasenapurANa nAmaka grantha milate haiN|' jJAtakatRka racanAoM meM tapAgacchIya harSasAgara ke praziSya evaM rAjasAgara ke ziSya ravisAgara ne saM0 1636 meM rUpasenacaritra likhaa| dUsarI kRti sudhAbhUSaNa aura vizAlarAja ke ziSya jinasUri ne saMskRta gadya meM nirmANa kI hai / isakA racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai| tIsarI racanA kisI digambara dharmadeva ne likhI hai| karirAjakathA-AsanadAna ke mAhAtmya ke lie karirAjakathA kA vidhAna huA hai| isa kathA para saM0 1489 meM kisI ajJAta kartA ne grantha likhaa|' dAnapradIpa ( saM0 1499 ) ke chaThe prakAza meM bhI yaha kathA zAmila hai / vaMkacUlakathA-aupadezika kathAoM meM dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAvanA Adi ko ekacitta se pAlane ke lie vaMkacUla kA udAharaNa AyA hai| ukta kathA para prAkRta vakkacUr3akahA nAmaka kRti kA ullekha milatA hai| usake kartA aura racanAkAla jJAta nahIM ho ske| gujarAtI meM isa para kaI kAvya likhe gaye haiN| tejasAranRpakathA-isameM jinapratimA ko jina sadRza mAnakara ArAdhanA karane ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane lie tejasAranRpa kI kathA dI gaI hai| isake kartA kA nAma jJAta nahIM hai| isa kathA meM dIpapUjA kA vizeSa mAhAtmya diyA gayA hai / gujarAtI meM kuzalalAbhakRta tejasArarAsa (saM0 1624) bhI milatA hai| guNasAgaracarita-pRthvIcandra nRpa ke pUrvabhavoM kA sahayogI guNasAgara thaa| usakA caritra bhI pRthvIcandra nRparSi ke samAna pAvana hai| devendrasUri ke ziSya dharmakIrti ne 'saMghAcAravidhi' meM guNasAgara kI kathA dI hai| 1-4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 333. 5. vahI, pR0 68. 6. vahI, pR0 340. 7. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 483, 589. 8. jinaratnakoza, pR0 161. 9. gurjara jaina kavimo, bhAga 1, pR0 214.

Page #337
324 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa para svataMtra racanA bhI milasI hai jisake kartA kharataragacchIya kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya ( 19vIM zatI kA uttarArdha) haiN|' surapriyamunikathAnaka-apane kiye karmoM kA prAyazcitta karanevAle surapriya muni kI kathA ko saM0 1656 meM tapAgacchIya vijayasenasUri ke ziSya kanakakuzala ne saMskRta chandoM meM racA hai| isakA gujarAtI anuvAda upalabdha hai tathA gujarAtI meM kaI rAsa bhI milate haiN| suvrataRSikathAnaka-suvrata kI kathA upadezaprAsAda meM AI hai| isa kathAnaka para do ajJAtakatRka laghu racanAe~ milatI haiN| donoM prAkRta meM haiN| pahalI prakAzita kRti meM 157 gAthAe~ haiM aura dUsarI aprakAzita meM kevala 59 gaathaaeN| __ kanakarathakathA-uttama pAtra ke lie bhojanadAna ke mAhAtmya para kanakaratha seTha kI kathA kahI gaI hai jo ajJAtakatRka saMskRta racanA ke rUpa meM saM0 1489 kI milatI hai| eka anya racanA kanakarathacaritra kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| ___ raNasiMhanRpakathA-dharmadAsagaNi kI upadezamAlA para ratnaprabhasUri dvArA likhI 'doghaTTI' TIkA (saM0 1238) meM eka raNasiMha kI kathA AtI hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha vijayasena rAjA aura vijayA rAnI kA putra thaa| yaha vijayasena dIkSA lekara avadhijJAnI huA aura usane apane sAMsArika putra raNasiMha ke lie uvaesamAlA kI racanA kI / mAnA jAtA hai ki yahI vijayasena dharmadAsagaNi the| ukta raNasiMha nRpa kI kathA para eka prAcIna kRti ajJAtakatRka milatI hai| tathA dUsarI racanA kharataragacchIya siddhAntaruci ke ziSya munisoma ne saM0 1540 meM likhI hai| 1. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 27. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 447; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 19:7; gujarAtI anuvAda-muni pratApavijayakRta, mukti-kamala-jena mohanamAlA (12), bar3audA, saM0 1976. 3. vahI, pR0 447; vijayadAnasUrIzvara granthamAlA, sUrata, saM0 1995. 4-5. vahI, pR0 67. 6. vahI, pR0 326. 7. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 29.

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kathA-sAhitya kUlavAlakakathA --kUlavAla kI kathA AgamoM meM prasiddha hai / upadezaprAsAda isa para ajJAtakatRka eka tathA zIlopadezamAlA meM isakI kathAe~ AI haiN| racanA kA ullekha milatA hai / ' priyaMkarakathA -- upasargaharastotra ke mahatva kA varNana karane ke lie priyaMkara nRpa kI kathA kahI gaI hai| isakI racanA tapAgaccha ke vizAlarAna ke ziSya jinasUri saMskRta gadya meM kI hai / gajasiMhapurANa - ise gajasiMharAjacarita bhI kahate haiN| isameM dazaratha nagarI ke rAjA gajasiMha ke zIlAdi guNoM se aneka vaibhava pAne kA varNana hai / nizIthavRtti meM yaha caritra vistAra se diyA gayA hai| gujarAtI meM isa caritra ko lekara kaI rAsa likhe gaye haiM / " 325 saMskRta meM ajJAtakatRka do racanAe~ milatI haiM / saMgrAmasUrakathA - samyaktva ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie rAjA saMgrAmasUra kI kathA upadezaprAsAda meM dI gaI hai / isa para svataMtra racanA meruprabhasUrikRta milatI hai / ' gujarAtI meM saM0 1678 meM tapAgacchIya zAnticandra ke ziSya ratnacandra ne eka kRti likhI hai / " saMkAzazrAvakakathA - pramAdI mitra ke doSa ko prakaTa karane ke lie saMkAza bhAvaka yA saMkAza zreSThI kI kathA kahI gaI hai / isa para ajJAtakatR ke eka kRti .7 saMskRta meM aura eka prAkRta meM milatI hai| saMkAza kI kathA haribhadrasUri ke upadezapada ( gA0 403 - 412 ) meM bhI AI hai / 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 95-96. 2. vahI, pR0 280, devacandra lAlabhAI pu0 pranthamAlA ( 80 ), bambaI, 1932, zAradAvijaya jaina granthamAlA ( 1 ), bhAvanagara, 1921. 3. vahI, pR0 102. 4. jaina gurjara kavioo, bhAga 3, pR0 60, 63, 196, 524, 526. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 410. 6. jaina gurjara kavimo, bhAga 3, pR0 989. * jinaratnakoza, pR0 408.

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326 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa puNyasArakathA yA puNyadhanacarita-jinaratnakoza ke anusAra ye donoM zIrSaka eka hI kRti ke haiN| yaha 1311 zloka-pramANa racanA hai| isameM jIvadayA ke mAhAtmya ko batalAyA gayA hai| isakI racanA zubhazIlagaNi ne kI hai| inakI bharatezvarabAhubalivRtti Adi anekoM kRtiyA~ milatI haiN| puNyasArakathA-sArmika vAtsalya ke phala ko prakaTa karane lie zreSThiputra puNyasAra kI kathA kahI gaI hai| isa kathA para aneka racanAe~ milatI haiN| prathama racanA' jinezvarasUri ke ziSya vAcanAcArya vivekasamudragaNiviracita hai| isakI racanA saM0 1334 meM jaisalamera meM huI thii| isameM 342 saMskRta zloka haiM / isa kathA kA saMzodhana jinaprabodhasUri ne kiyA hai| vivekasamudra kI anya racanA naravarmacarita bhI milatI hai / isa kathA para ajitaprabhasUri aura bhAvacandrakRta' saMskRta kRtiyA~ bhI milatI haiN| purandaranRpakathA-niraticAra-saMyama tathA ugrazIlavrata kA pAlana karane meM purandara nRpa kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa kathA para kaI racanAe~ haiN| eka kRti devendrasUrikRta hai jisakA racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai| dUsarI hai bhAvadevasUri ke ziSya bra0 mAladevakRta / mAladeva kI gujarAtI racanA bhI saM0 1669 kI milatI hai| eka ajJAtakartRka purandara nRpacaritra prAkRta meM milatA hai| bra zrutasAgara ne bhI purandaravidhikathopAkhyAna likhA hai| gujarAtI meM etadviSayaka kaI racanAe~ milatI haiN| sadayavatsakumArakathA-satpAtradAna aura abhayadAna ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie saMskRta aura gujarAtI meM ukta kumAra para kaI kathAe~ likhI gaI 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 251; nAnajIbhAI popaTacandra dvArA mahAvIra jaina sabhA, sambhAta ke lie san 1919 meM prakAzita. 2-3. vahI, pR0 251, 252, inameM se pahalI jinadattasUri jJAnabhaNDAra kAryavAhaka, sUrata se saM0 2001 meM prakAzita tathA bhAvacandrakRta hIrA lAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara se san 1925 meM prakAzita. 4-7. vahI, pR0 252-253. 6. jena gurjara kavimo, bhAga 1, pR0 308-309.

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kathA-sAhitya haiM / saMskRta meM harSavardhana gaNikRta racanA upalabdha hotI hai|' isakA racanAsamaya jJAta nahIM hai / devadattakumArakathA - saMtoSa aura virati tathA anAsakti bhAvanA ke mahattva ko batalAne ke lie saMskRta aura gujarAtI meM devadattakumAra ke caritra kA varNana huA hai / saMskRta meM ukta kathA kI ajJAtakartA ke kRtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM / --- tribhuvanasiMhacarita -- mahItala meM karor3oM upAya haiM para karmaphala TAlA nahIM jA sakatA / karmaphala kI mahattA ko batalAne ke lie isa caritra kA citraNa saMskRta aura gujarAtI meM kiyA gayA hai / saMskRta gadya meM 684 granthAgra pramANa eka ajJAtaka' ke racanA prakAzita huI hai / 327 devakumAracarita - gujarAtI jaina kaviyoM ne devakumAra ke kautuka aura Azcarya se pUrNa caritra kA saptavyasana kA tyAgakara gRhastha dharma meM adattAdAna Adi vratoM ko dRr3hatA se pAlane ke dRSTAntarUpa meM prarUpaNa kiyA hai| saMskRta meM 527 granthAna- pramANa eka racanA upalabdha hotI hai / kartA aura racanAkAla jJAta nahIM hai| rAjasiMhakathA - NamokAra mantra ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie rAjasiMha aura ratnavatI kI kathA pazcima bhArata meM prasiddha hai / isa para saMskRta meM eka ajJAtakartRka racanA milatI hai| gujarAtI meM isa sambandha meM kaI rAsa milate haiN| saM0 1900 meM tapAgacchIya padmavijaya ke ziSya rUpavijaya ne 413 zlokoM meM rAjasiMha - ratnavatI kathA kI racanA kI hai| madhanasiMhakathA - upadezaprAsAda evaM zrAddhavidhi meM mAyAkapaTa-viramaNa ke prasaMga meM tathA pratikramaNa ke mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke lie mahaNasiMha kA dRSTAnta AyA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 412. 2. vahI, pR0 177; jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 82, 934 . 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 161; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1922-23. 4. vahI, pR0 177. 5. vahI, pR0 331. 6. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1-3 meM kRtiyoM kI anukramaNo dekheM. 7. jinaratnakoza, pR0 331.

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328 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai / usI ko saMskRta chandoM meM mathanasiMhakathA' ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai I racayitA evaM racanAkAla ajJAta 1 vidyAvilAsa nRpakathA - uttaravartI madhyayuga meM puNya ke prabhAva ko batalAne ke lie vidyAvilAsa nRpa kI kathA jaina kaviyoM ko bar3I rocaka lagI / isa para saMskRta aura gujarAtI meM anekoM racanAe~ likhI gaI haiN| saMskRta meM gadyAtmaka eka racanA kI hastalikhita prati saM0 1488 kI milI hai| racanA malayahaMsa kI milI hai / parantu samaya jJAta nahIM hai / padyAtmaka devadattagaNikRta hai / anya racanAe~ ajJAtakatR ke haiN| isI kathA se sambaddha eka vidyAvilAsasaubhAgyasundarakathAnaka bhI milatA hai para isake kartA jJAta nahIM haiM / dUsarI gadyAtmaka tIsarI racanA maMgalakalazakathA -- dAna ke mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke lie maMgalakalazakumAra kI kathA para anekoM grantha likhe gaye haiM / yaha kathA upadezaprAsAda meM bhI AI hai| isa para udayadharmagaNikRta saM0 1525 kI saMskRta racanA milatI hai| dUsarI racanA haMsacandra ke ziSya ( ajJAtanAmA ) kI hai / ' tIsarI bhAvacandra kI hai / ' gujarAtI meM to etadviSayaka bIsiyoM racanAe~ milatI haiM / " vinayaMdharacarita - jinamata ke dRr3ha zraddhAna ke mahattva ke lie vinayaMdhara nRpa kI kathA hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza meM AI hai / ukta kathA para prAkRta meM eka ajJAtakartRka racanA" tathA saMskRta gadya meM zIladevasUrikRta racanA milatI hai / matsyodarakathA - zAntinAthacarita meM puNya ( dharma ) kI mahimA ko prakaTa 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 300. 2 - 6. vahI, pR0 356. 7. vahI, pR0 299. 8. vahI. 9. vahI; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1924. 10. jaina gurjara kavioo, tInoM bhAgoM kI kRtiyoM kI anukramaNikA dekheM. 11-12. jinaratnakoza, pR0 357.

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kathA-sAhitya karane ke lie matsyodaranRpa kI kathA AI hai / isI kathA para ukta ajJAtakartRka racanA milatI hai / ' gujarAtI meM isa kathA para aneka rAsa likhe gaye haiM / vIrabhadrakathA - akAla meM zrutapATha ke doSa ko batalAne ke lie vIrabhadra muni kI kathA hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza meM dI gaI hai / vIrabhadra kI kathA ko lekara devabhadrAcArya dvArA racita vIrabhadracaritra evaM ajJAtakatR ke vIrabhadrakathA tathA vIrabhadracaritra milate haiM / kurucandrakathAnaka ---- kurucandra nRpati kI kathA haribhadra ke upadezapada kI TIkA tathA anya aupadezika kathA-sAhitya meM AtI hai / usI carita ko lekara saMskRta gadya meM ukta carita kI racanA kI gaI hai / " isakI prAcIna prati saM0 1489 kI milI hai para isake kartA kA nAma jJAta nahIM hai| isa kathA ko dAnapradIpa (saM0 1499 ) meM vasatidAna ke sambandha meM diyA gayA hai / 329 prajJAkarakathA - zayanadAna ke lie prajJAkara rAjA kI kathA dAnapradIpa ( cAritraratnagaNi) meM dI gaI hai / usI para eka svataMtra racanA ajJAtakatR ka milatI hai / subAhukathA - vidhivat pAtradAna ke mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke lie subAhu muniyA nRpa ke carita para ajJAtakatR ke tIna racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| pATana sUtrIpatra ke anusAra do prAkRta racanAe~ haiM / ' eka meM 228 gAthAe~ aura dUsarI meM 295 gAthAe~ haiM / eka racatA ajJAtakatR ke bhI hai| kisI kA racanAkAla nahIM diyA gayA hai / gujarAtI meM jinahaMsasUri ke ziSya puNyasAgara ne saM0 1604 meM eka subAhusaMdhi kA nirmANa kiyA thA / 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 30. 24. vahI, pR0 363. 5. vahI, pR0 94. 6. vahI, pR0 257. 79. vahI, pR0 445; pATana grantha-bhaNDArasUcI, bhAga 1, pR0 61, 91, 143. 161. 10. jaina gurjara kavibho, bhAga 1, pR0 188.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa haribaladhIvaracarita -- vardhamAnadezanA ( zubhavardhanamaNi ) meM jIvadayA ke mahattva ko samajhAne ke lie haribala dhIvara kI kathA AtI hai / usI kathAnaka ko lekara saMskRta meM haribalakathA evaM haribalacarita nAmaka ajJAtakatRka racanAe~ tathA haribalasambandha nAmaka prAkRta racanA kA ullekha milatA hai / ' 20vIM zatI ke tapAgacchIya AcArya yatIndrasUri ne saM0 1984 meM haribaladhIvaracarita kI racanA saMskRta gadya meM kI hai / ' 330 sundaranRpakathA -- isameM 164 zloka haiN| isameM sundaranRpa dvArA khadArasantoSavrata pAlana karane kI kathA varNita hai / isa para gujarAtI meM sundararAjArAsa ( saM0 1551 ) Agamagaccha ke kSamAkalazakRta milatA hai / kuladhvajakathAnaka - isameM parastrItyAgavata ke mAhAtmya ko batalAne ke lie kuladhvaja kumAra kI kathA varNita hai / isa saMskRta racanA ke racayitA kA nAma jJAta nahIM hai / gujarAtI meM kakkasUri ke ziSya kIrtiharSa dvArA saM0 1678 meM racita kuladhvajakumArarAsa bhI milatA hai / " susaDhaccarita - rAjA kI AjJA bhaMga karane se isa bhava aura parabhava meM aneka duHkha milate haiM / susada ne caturtha, SaSThaM vrata kara una duHkhoM ko pAra kara liyA / mahAnizItha kI antima cUlA meM susaTa kA carita varNita hai / usako lekara devendrasUri ne prAkRta gAthAoM meM isakI racanA kI hai / " isakI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM 487 se lekara 520 prAkRta-gAthAe~ milatI haiN| isI caritra para labdhimuni ( 20vIM zatI) ne saMskRta meM eka kRti racI hai|' gujarAtI meM isa kathA para kaI racanAe~ haiM / 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 459; hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza meM aisI hI mRgasena dhIvara kI kathA ( saMkhyA 72 ) dI gaI hai / 2. yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha, pR0 41. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 445. 4. vahI, pR0 95. 5. jaina gurjara kavibho, bhAga 1, pR0 92. 6-7. jinaratnakoza, pR0 447-448; jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita. 8. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 30.

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kathA-sAhitya 331 surasundaranRpakathA-ratnazekharasUrikRta zrAddhavidhi kI svopajJavRtti meM zrAvaka ke guNoM ko batalAne ke lie surasundara nRpa aura usakI pA~ca patniyoM kI kathA dI gaI hai| usa para surasundaranRpakathA (prAkRta ) nAmaka ajJAtakartRka racanA kA ullekha milatA hai|' narasundaranRpakathA-haribhadrakRta upadezapada kI TIkA meM tIvra bhakti ke udAharaNarUpa narasundaranRpakathA kahI gaI hai| isa para svatantra ajJAtakatRka narasundaranUpakathA kA ullekha milatA hai| isa para dUsarI racanA narasaMvAdasundara milatI hai jisake lekhaka rAjazekhara ke ziSya ratnamaNDanagaNi mAne gaye haiN| ratnamaNDana sambhavataH ve hI haiM jinakI bhojaprabandha, upadezataraMgiNI, pRthvIdharaprabandha evaM sukRtasAgara racanAe~ milatI haiN| meghakumArakathA-mAnavRtti ke kupariNAma-sUcana ke lie upadezavRtti meM meSakumAra kI kathA AI hai| use hI svataMtra racanA ke rUpa meM prastuta kRti meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| granthakartA kA nAma ajJAta hai| sahasramallacaurakathA-jainadharma kI ArAdhanA kA mahatva batalAne ke lie zubhavardhanagaNikRta vardhamAnadezanA ( prAkRta ) meM ukta kathA dI gaI hai| usa para ajJAtakatRka sahasramallacaurakathA kA ullekha milatA hai| sAgaracandrakathA-samyagjJAna ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie vardhamAnadezanA meM sAgaracandra seTha kI kathA dI gaI hai| usI ko lakSyakara ajJAtakartRka eka racanA prAkRta meM milatI hai| isakA racanAsamaya jJAta nahIM hai / sAgarazreSThikathA-devadravyagrahaNa aura lobha ke kuphala ko batAne ke lie sAgaraseTha kI kathA upadezaprAsAda meM dI gaI hai| usI para ajJAtakartRka eka saMskRta kathA upalaldha hotI hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 446. 2. vahI, pR0 205. 3. vahI, pR0 205, 406, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1919. 4. vahI, pR0 313. 5 vahI, pR0 429. 6. vahI; upadezamAlA 181, upadezaprAsAda 13-160 meM bhI anya prasaMgoM meM sAgaracandra kathA dI gaI hai| 7. jinaratnakoza, pR. 419.

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332 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nandayatikathA-yaha 600 granthAna parimANavAlI ajJAtakataka racanA hai| isameM batAyA hai ki nanda rAjakumAra sAdhu ho jAne para bhI apanI sundarI kA hI dhyAna kiyA karatA thA; nanda kA bhAI apane kaI camatkArapUrNa kAryoM dvArA nanda ko sundarI se virakta karatA hai| etadviSayaka eka nandopAkhyAna bhI milatA hai| __ yaha kathA haribhadrakRta upadezapada kI TIkA ( municandrakRta ) meM AI hai| yaha mahAkavi azvaghoSakRta saundarananda kI kathAvastu kA hI anukaraNa lagatA hai| ___ haMsarAja-vatsarAjakathA-puNya ke phala se rUpa, Ayu, kula, buddhi Adi milate haiN| puNya ke hI phala ko batalAne ke lie haMsarAja-vatsarAja narezoM ke carita varNita kiye gaye haiN| isa kathA para maladhArIgaccha ke guNasundarasUri ke ziSya sarvasundarasUri ne eka kRti saM0 1510 meM likhI / ise kathAsaMgraha bhI kahate haiM / dUsarI kRti vAcaka rAjakIrtikRta hai jo 1050 granthAgrarUpa meM hai| eka azAtakatRka racanA meM 246 zloka haiM / gujarAtI meM jinodayasUri (saM0 1680) kRta haMsarAjavaccharAjarAsa milatA hai| __ dhanadacarita-jaina kathA aura itihAsa meM dhanada nAmaka kaI vyakti ho gaye haiN| dhanyazAlibhadra ke dhanyakumAra ko bhI dhanada kahA gayA hai aura gujarAtI meM isake carita para dhanadarAsa bane haiN| hariSeNa ke kathAkoza meM bhI asatyaparihAra ke lie eka dhanada kI kathA dI gaI hai| madhyakAla meM zatakatraya ke racayitA dhanadarAja zrAvaka ko bhI dhanada kahA gayA hai| dhanadacaritra nAma kI tIna racanAe~ aba taka milI haiN| eka ajJAtakartRka dhanadakathAnaka 400 zloka-pramANa hai jo 'bhatraiva suvistIrNa pada se prArambha hotI hai| dUsarI kRti saM0 1590 meM humAyU~ bAdazAha ke rAjya meM kASThasaMghIya zrI guNa 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 199. 2. vahI, pR0 20.. 3.6. vahI, pR0458. 7. vahI, pR0 186.

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kathA-sAhitya 333: bhadrasUrideva ke ziSya ne likhI thI / tIsarI' racanA bhAnucandragaNi ke ziSya bhAvacandra kI hai jo prakAzita hai / nimirAjakAvya - isameM nimirAja kA caritra hai / yaha kAvya 5000 zlokapramANa hai| navarasAtmaka hote hue bhI yaha zAntarasa - pradhAna hai / isakI racanA prasiddha adhyAtmI evaM mahAtmA gAMdhI ke mAnya guru kavi rAyacandra ne kI hai / kavi kA dehotsarga mAtra 33 varSa kI umra meM saM0 1957 meM rAjakoTa meM huA thA / inakI aneka racanAe~ upalabdha haiM / paramahaMsasaMbodhacarita - haribhadra kI kathA se sambaddha haMsa- paramahaMsa ke caritra ko lekara ukta saMskRta racanA kA nirmANa kharataragaccha ke guNazekharagaNi ke ziSya nayaraMga ne saM0 1624 meM kiyA / isameM 8 sarga haiM / " anya laghu kathAgranthoM meM nimnalikhita kRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / vistArabhaya se sabakA paricaya denA sambhava nahIM hai : 13 abhayasiMhakathA' ( saMskRta, 138 granthAgra ), Arya ASADhakathA', indrajAlikakathA " ( ratnazekhara ), gaMgadattakathAnaka ' ( saM0 1682 ), gaNDU rAyakathA', caNDapiMgalacorakathA", karmasArakathA", kAkajaMghako kAsakakathA" yA kokAsakakathAnaka, kusumasAra 3 ( 1700 gAthAe~, nemacandra, saM0 1099 ), kRtakarmarAjarSi4, kharparacaurakathA" ( gadya ), godhanakathA " ( saMskRta ), candrodayakathA", cAmarahArikathA ", jinadAsakathA ", dRDhaprahArikathA, dRSTAntarahasyakathA, devakumAra- pretakumArakathA ( proSadhavrata para ), dhanapatikathA 3 ( gadya, saM0 1489 ), dhannAkAkadI kathA", dharmapAlakathA " ( saMskRta ), dharmamitrakathA, dharmarAja thA 19 22 27. 1. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 222. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 186, 3. vahI, pR0 212; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 712. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 236; maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 28. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 13. 6. vahI, pR0 34. 7. vahI, pR0 39. 8. vahI, 101. 9. vahI, pR0 103. 10. vahI, pR0 113. 11 vahI, pR0 73. 12 . vahI, pR0 83. 13. vahI, pR0 94. 14. vahI, pR0 95. 15. vahI, pR0 101. 16. vahI, pR0 110. 17. vahI, pR0 121. 18. vahI, pR0 122. 19. vahI, pR0 135. 20-22. vahI, pR0 177, 23-24. vahI, pR0 187. 25. vahI, pR0 190. 26. vahI, pR0 191. 27. vahI, pR0 192.

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334. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa ( sAtaveM vrata para ), dhavyasundarIkathA' (prAkRta), dhUrtacaritrakathA', dhRSTakathA ( puNyaphala para ), dhvajabhujaMgamakathA', nandiSeNakathA', nandadattakathA, naradevakathA', narabrahmacaritra', nAgaketukathA', nAgazrIkathA, nidhideva-bhogadevakathAnaka (prAkRta), padmalocanakathA, padmAkarakathA, puNyADhyanRpakathA", punnaDakathA', phaladharmakuTumbakathA, bhadranandikumArakathA", bhadrazreSThikathA, mAlAkArakathA', yavarAjarSikathA", rAjahaMsakathA", lokApavAdakathA, vajravAmikathA23, vatsarAjakathA" ( sarvasundarasUri, ajitaprabhasUri ), vajrasenacaritra", vasubhUtikathA26, vasubhUtivasumitrakathA", vasurAjakathA", vastradAnakayA, vijayakumAracaritra (prAkRta), vidyApatizreSThikathA, vidyAsAgarazreSThikathA32 (guNAkarakavi), vidyuJcaramunicaritra3, vidrumacaritra" (rAmacandrasUri ), vizvasenakumArakathA35 (prAkRta ), vIrAGgadakathA ( haribhadra ), vaizravaNakathA", zAmadevavAmadevakathA, zAlakSamIyakathA, zivakumArakathA", sAhasamallakathA", sAvadhAcAryakathA, suguNakumArakathA 3, sunakSatracaritra", sumanagopAlacaritra", suvarNabhadrAcAryacaritra" (padmanAbhakavi ), somamunikathA", haMsapAlakathA", harizcandranRpatikathAnaka"", huNDikacorakathA, saMvibhAgavatakathA" Adi / strIpAtra-pradhAna racanAe~: taraMgavaIkahA (taraMgavatIkathA)-yaha prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kI sabase prAcIna kathA hai / isakA ullekha anuyogadvArasUtra ( 130), dazavaikAlikacUrNi 1. jinarasnakoza, pR0 197. 2. vahI, pR0 198. 3-6. vahI, pR0 99. 7-8. cahI, pR0 204. 9. vahI, pR0 209. 10. vahI, pR0 210. 11. vahI, pR0 212. 12-13. vahI, pR0 234. 14-15. vahI, pR0 252. 16. vahI, pR0 280. 17-18. vahI, pR0 291. 19, vahI, pR0 309. 20. vahI, pR0 318. 21. vahI, pR0 331. 22-23. vahI, pR0 340. 24. vahI. 25. vahI, pR0 312. 26-28. vahI, pR0 345. 29. vahI, pR0 346. 30. vahI, pR0 353. 31. vahI, pR0 355. 32-34. vahI, pR0 356. 35. vahI, pR0 311. 36. vahI, pR0 363. 30. vahI, pR0 366. 38. vahI, pR0 381. 39. vahI, pR0 382. 40. vahI, pR. 383. 41-42. vahI, pR0 435. 43. vahI, pR0 444. 44. vahI, pR0 445. 45. vahI, pR0 446. 46. vahI, 'pR. 447. 47. vahI, pR0 4 12. 48. vahI, pR0 459. 49. vahI, pR0 460. 50. vahI, pR0 462. 51. vahI, pR0 405. 52. vahI, pR0 158.

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kathA-sAhitya ( 3, pR0 109) tathA vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gAthA 1508 ) meM milatA hai| nizIthacUrNi meM malayavatI aura magadhasenA ke samAna taraMgavatI ko lokottara dharmakathA kahA gayA hai / ' udyotanasUri ne cakravAla yugala se yukta sundara rAjahaMsoM ko Anandita karanevAlI taraMgavatI kI prazaMsA kI hai| ise vahA~ saMkIrNakathA kahA gayA hai| isI taraha dhanapAla kavi ne tilakamaMjarI meM, lakSmaNagaNi ne supAsanAhacariya meM tathA prabhAcandrasUri ne prabhAvakacarita meM taraMgavatI kA udAtta zabdoM meM smaraNa kiyA hai| taraMgavatI to apane mUla rUpa meM hameM upalabdha nahIM hai para usakA saMkSipta rUpa 1642 prAkRta gAthAoM meM 'taraMgalolA' nAma se milatA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-taraMgavatIkathA ke racayitA eka prAcIna AcArya pAdaliptasUri haiN| kuvalayamAlA kI prastAvanA-gAthAoM meM inheM rAjA sAtavAhana kI goSThI kI zobhA kahA hai| inakA vizeSa paricaya prabhAvakacarita meM divA gayA hai| prophesara lAyamana ne isakA racanAkAla IsvI san kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI svIkAra kiyA hai| taraMgalolA-ise saMkSiptataraMgavato bhI kahate haiN| isameM kathAvastu ko cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka adbhuta zRMgArakathA hai jisakA anta dharmopadeza meM hotA hai| kathA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : candanabAlA ke netRtva meM sAdhvIsaMgha meM suvratA AryA thI jise apane rUpa-saundarya kA garva thaa| vaha eka zrAvikA ko apanI jIvanakathA kahatI hai-vaha eka dhanI vaNika kI 1. taraMgalolA kI bhUmikA meM uddhRta, pR0 .. 2. kuvalayamAlA, pR0 3, gAthA 20, tilakamaMjarI, zloka 23; supAsa nAhacariya, puzvabhava, gA0 9; prabhAvakacarita, pR0 29. jinaratnakoza, pR0 158, nemivijJAna granthamAlA, saM0 2000, jarmana vidvAn arnesTa lAyamana ne isakA jarmana bhASAntara prakAzita kiyA hai| isa bhASAntara kA gujarAtI anuvAda narasiMha bhAI paTela ne jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka ( dvitIya khaNDa, pUnA, 1924 ) meM prakAzita kiyA; pRthak pustaka ke rUpa meM yaha anuvAda babalacandra kezavalAla modI, mahamadAbAda se san 1924 meM prakAzita; viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR. 522.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sundarI putrI thii| eka dina vaha upavana meM krIr3A karane gaI to sarovara meM usane haMsayugala ko dekhaa| isase vaha mUJchita hokara gira par3I kyoMki use jAtismaraNa se mAlUma par3A ki vaha pUrvabhava meM isI prakAra haMsayugala thii| usake pati ko eka zikArI ne mAra DAlA thaa| taba usake prema ke kAraNa vaha bhI usake sAtha jala marI thii| aba vaha apane pUrvajanma ke pati ko DhU~r3hane lgii| usane eka sundara citrapaTa banAyA jisameM haMsayugala kA jIvana citrita thaa| isakI sahAyatA se usane anekoM viyogoM, virahoM ke bAda apane pUrvajanma ke pati ko DhU~Dha liyA / ve donoM apane mAtA-pitA kI icchA ke viruddha nAva meM baiThakara bhAga nikale aura gandharva vidhi se vivAha kara liyaa| paradeza meM bhaTakate samaya unheM coroM ne pakar3a liyA aura kAlI devI ke sAmane bali car3hAne le gaye para kisI taraha unakA bacAva huaa| mAtA-pitA ne unheM khojakara unakA vidhivat vivAha kara diyaa| ___ eka samaya ve donoM pati-patnI vasanta Rtu meM vanavihAra kara rahe the / vahA~ unheM usa muni se upadeza sunane ko milA jo ki unake pUrvajanma meM nara haMsa ko mAranevAlA zikArI thaa| isase ve itane prabhAvita hue ki unheM saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura donoM muni evaM sAdhvI bana gye| vahI taraMgavatI maiM suvratA AryA huuN| yaha AtmakathA uttamapuruSa meM varNita hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isa taraMgalolA ke racayitA vIrabhadra AcArya ke ziSya nemicandragaNi haiM jinhoMne mUla taraMgavatIkathA ke lagabhaga 1000 varSa pazcAt yaza nAmaka apane ziSya ke svAdhyAya ke lie ise likhA thaa| nemicandra ke anusAra pAdalipta ne taraMgavatI kI racanA dezI bhASA meM kI thI jo adbhuta rasasampanna evaM vistRta thI aura kevala vidvadbhogya thii| lekhaka ke sambandha meM anya bAteM jJAta nahIM haiN| 1. nemicandragaNi ne pAdalipta kI taraMgavaI ke sambandha meM nimna gAthAeM likhI haiM : pAlittaeNa raDyA vittharako taha ya desivayaNehiM / nAmeNa varaMgavaI kahA vicittA ya viulA ya // na ya sA koI suNei no puNa pucchai neva ya kahei / viusANa navara jogA iyarajaNo tIe kiM kuNau //

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kathA-sAhitya 337 kuvalayamAlA-yadyapi yaha strI-pradhAna kathA nahIM hai phira bhI kathA ko AkarSaka banAne ke lie yaha nAma diyA gayA hai| 13000 zloka-pramANa yaha bRhat kRti mahArASTrI prAkRta meM gadya-padya mizrita campU zailI meM likhita pratAdapUrNa racanA hai| isameM mahArASTrI ke sAtha sAtha kahIM-kahIM kutUhalavaza, to kahIM vacanavazIbhUta hokara saMskRta, apabhraMza, drAvir3I aura paizAcI evaM dezI bhASA kA bhI prayoga huA hai / yaha bAta racayitA ne ina zabdoM meM kahI hai: pAiya bhAsA raiyA marahaTTaya desivaNNaya nnibddhaa| suddhA sayala-kahacciya tAvasa-jiNa-sattha vAhillA // koUhaleNa katthai para-vayaNa-vaseNa sakkaya nnibddhaa| kiMci apabbhaMsakayA dAviya pesAya AsillA / / racayitA ne ise sargoM, prakaraNoM athavA adhyAyoM meM vibhakta nahIM kiyA hai aura na kaNDikAoM kA hI kramAMka diyA hai| isakI aba taka kevala do hI hastapratiyA~-eka tAr3apatra para aura dUsarI kAgaja para milI haiN| isase lagatA hai ki isakA pracAra bahuta kama huaa| isakA eka kAraNa isakI pANDityapUrNa bhASA aura zailI bhI hai| isameM kahIM rUpakoM kI bahulatA, to kahIM dIrgha lalitapada; kahIM ulApaka kathA, to kahIM kulaka; kahIM gAthAe~ evaM dvipadI gItaka, to kahIM dvivalaya, trivalaya evaM caturvalaya; kahIM daNDaka racanA, to kahIM nArAca racanA; kahIM vRtta, to kahIM taraGga racanA, aura kahIM mAlAvacana, binyAma Adi dikhAI par3ate haiN| kathA meM ekarasatA yA nIrasatA ko haTAne ke lie kuvalayamAlAkAra ne nagara-varNana', yuddha-varNana, prakRti-citraNa', vivAha-varNana Adi pracurarUpeNa - 1. DA0 mA0 ne0 upAdhye dvArA sampAdita aura do bhAgoM meM prakAzita, siMghI jaina granthamAlA (kramAMka 45-46), bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1959 aura 1970. dUsare bhAga meM aMgrejI meM likhI vistRta prastAvanA hai tathA ratnaprabhasUriviracita saMskRta kuvalayamAlAkathA dI gaI hai| 2. pR0 7. 3. pR0 10. 4. pR0 16. 5. pR0 170, 171. 22

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330 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa diye haiM aura yathAzakti mahAkAvya-lakSaNa se vibhUSita kiyA hai| isameM vasudevahiNDI aura samarAiccakahA ke samAna kele ke stambha kI parata kI taraha eka kathA se dUsarI kathA aura dUsaro kathA se tIsarI kathA nikalatI gaI hai tathA vaTapraroha ke samAna eka zAkhA se dUsarI zAkhA phUTatI gaI hai| isa taraha kI kula 26 kathAe~ kuvalayamAlA meM varNita haiM aura inakA silasilA taba taka samApta nahIM huA hai jaba taka mukhya kathA samApta nahIM huI hai| ___rUparekhA-isameM kathAkAra ne batalAyA hai ki isa duHkhapUrNa saMsAra meM bhramaNa kA kAraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha hai aura inake prabhAvoM kA digdarzana pA~ca rUpakoM dvArA kathAtmaka DhaGga se karane ke lie caNDasoma, mAnabhaTTa, mAyAditya, lobhadeva aura mohadatta ke pA~ca bhavoM kI rocaka kathA gar3hI gaI hai| ina pA~ca bhavoM meM tIna manuSyabhava haiM aura antarAla ke do devabhava haiN| prathama mAnavabhava ke caNDasomAdi dIkSA le samAdhimaraNa kara devagati meM jAte haiM aura paraspara vacanabaddha hote hai ki jahA~ bhI unakA Age punarjanma ho, eka dUsare ko pratibuddha kreN| ve saba antarAla devagati se Akara dvitIya mAnavabhava meM kramazaH siMha (pazu), kuvalayacandra, kuvalayamAlA, sAgaradatta aura pRthvIsAra nAma se hue| isa janma meM unhoMne eka-dUsare ko pratibuddha karane kA kAma kiyA jisase antarAla devabhava meM jAkara vahA~ se bhaga mahAvIra ke samaya meM tRtIya mAnavabhava meM kramazaH maNirathakumAra, svayambhUdeva. mahArathakumAra, vajragupta aura kAmagajendra ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| pIche bhagavAn mahAvIra se dIkSA le antakRta kevalI hokara mukta ho sake / lekhaka dvArA kathA kA nAma dvitIya mAnavabhava ke eka pAtra kuvalayamAlA ke nAma se rakhakara kathA ke prati pAThakoM kA kutUhala-utpAdana karanA hI lakSya hai / kathAvastu-ayodhyA nagarI ke dRDhavarmA rAnA aura priyaMguzyAmA rAnI ko devI ke prasAda se eka putra huA jisakA nAma kuvalayacandra rakhA gyaa| bar3e hone para usane sabhI kriyAoM aura kalAoM meM pravINatA prApta kara lii| isa kumAra ke sAtha rAjA eka dina azvakrIr3A ke lie jA rahA thA ki kumAra kA azvasahita haraNa ho gyaa| AkAzamArga se jAte hue bacane kA koI upAya na dekha kumAra ne azva ke peTa meM churA bhoMka diyA aura taba vaha azvasahita bhUmi para nIce A gyaa| usI samaya koI dhvani use yaha kahatI suna par3I ki 'kumAra kuvalayacandra, dakSiNa dizA meM eka kosa dUra jAo, vahA~ tumheM koI apUrva vastu dikhAI degii|' kumAra ne vahA~ eka aTavo

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kathA-sAhitya 339 meM sAgaradatta muni ko dekhaa| ve eka siMha ko saMlekhanA karA rahe the| kumAra ne unase azva dvArA apane haraNa kA kAraNa puuch| / munirAja ne kahA-eka samaya kozAMbI kA rAjA purandaradatta apane maMtrI vAsava ke sAtha udyAna meM gyaa| vahA~ AcArya dharmanandana cAragatisvarUpa saMsAra ke viSaya meM apane ziSyoM ko upadeza de rahe the| rAjA ne vahA~ baiThe aneka dIkSitoM yAne caNDasoma, mAnabhaTTa, mAyAditya, lobhadeva aura mohadatta ke sambandha meM prazna kiye aura uttara meM AcArya ne una pAtroM ke vRttAnta khe| unhoMne kahA ki ye saba pUrva janmoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha ke vazIbhUta ho saMsAra meM ghUmate phire aura phira dIkSA lekara saMyama kA pAlana karate rhe| phira dharmanandana AcArya vahA~ se anyatra vihAra kara jAte haiN| caNDasoma Adi dIkSita marakara devaloka meM utpanna hue| unhoMne vahA~ eka-dUsare ko sambodhita karane kI pratijJA kI thI aura eka samaya dharmanAtha tIrthakara ke samavasaraNa meM pahu~ca kara ina pA~coM devoM ne apane bhaviSya ke sambandha meM prazna kiye the| kucha samaya bAda lobhadeva kA jIva devaloka se cyuta hokara manuSyaloka meM sAgaradatta vyApArI ke rUpa meM janma letA hai aura kAlAntara meM dIkSA lekara sAgaradatta muni ho jAtA hai jo ki maiM ( sAgaradatta muni) tumhAre sAmane huuN| pUrvabhava ke mAnabhaTTa kA jIva tuma (pUchanevAle) kuvalayacandra ho aura mAyAdatta kA jIva dakSiNa deza ke rAjA kI putrI 'kuvalayamAlA' huA hai aura caNDasoma kA jIva yaha siMha hai jise maiM pratibodha de rahA hU~, tathA tuma aura kuvalyamAlA se pRthvIsAra nAmaka kumAra hogaa| sAgaradatta muni kI sUcanAnusAra kuvalayamAlA ko pratibodha karAne ke lie kuvalayacandra dakSiNa deza kI ora tatkAla ravAnA huaa|' vahA~ vijayAnagarI ke rAjA vijayasena aura rAnI bhAnumatI se kuvalayamAlA utpanna huI thii| 1. kuvalayamAlA, pR0 111, kaNDikA 196. mArga meM zAnta baiThe hue siMha ko dekhakara kuvalayacandra ko pUrvajanma kA sambandha smaraNa ho mAtA hai aura usa siMha kI aisI sthiti dekha vaha bhagavAn jinendra ke vacana smaraNa karatA hai : 'yo me pariyANai so gilANaM parivaraha / yo gilANaM parivaraha so mama pariyANaha' / yaha vAkya hameM pAli mahAvagga (pR. 31.) meM bhAye usa buddha-vacana kI yAda dilAtA hai jisameM kahA gayA hai : 'yo bhikkhave meM upaheyya so gilAnaM uphiyyaa'| yaha adbhuta sAmya hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yaha kanyA samasta puruSoM se vidveSa karatI thI, kisI puruSa kA mu~ha bhI nahIM dekhanA cAhatI thii| isake sambandha meM eka munirAja ne batalAyA thA ki ayodhyA ke rAjA kA putra kuvalayacaMdra samasyApUrti dvArA ise vaza meM kr| vivAha kregaa| mArga meM yakSa jinezvara, vanasundarI eNikA, rAjaputra darpaphaliha Adi kA vRttAnta vaha jAnatA hai, phira vijayAnagarI meM jAkara kuvalayamAlA kI pAdapUrti kara usase vivAha kara letA hai aura usake sAtha svadeza lauTa AtA hai| mArga meM bhAnukumAra muni ke darzanakara vaha unase saMsAracakra ke citrapaTa kA vRttAnta jAnatA hai| kuvalayacandra ke lauTa Ane para rAjA dRDhavarmA ( usakA pitA) dIkSA le letA hai| kuvalayamAlA ko kucha kAla pazcAt eka putra hotA hai| usakA nAma pRthvIsAra rakhA gayA / samaya Ane para kuvalayacandra aura kuvalayamAlA donoM pRthvIsAra kamAra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpa dIkSA le lete haiN| bahuta kAla taka rAjyasukha bhogakara pRthvIsAra bhI dIkSA le letA hai| udhara sAgaradatta muni aura siMha bhI maraNoparAnta devarUpa meM janma lete haiN| devAyu pUrNa hone para vahA~ se cyuta hokara kuvalayacandra kA jIva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM kAkandInagarI meM kaMcanaratha rAjA ke zikAra-vyasanI putra maNirathakumAra ke rUpa meM jnmaa| kaMcanaratha rAjA kI prArthanA para bhaga0 mahAvIra isa putra ke eka bhava kI kathA kahate haiM jise sunakara vairAgya prAsakara maNirathakumAra unake pAsa dIkSita ho jAtA hai| idhara mohadatta kA jIva devaloka se cyuta hokara raNagajendra ke putra kAmagajendra ke rUpa meM janma letA hai| vaha apane bhoge anubhavoM kI satyatA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukha se sunakara dIkSA le letA hai| lobhadeva kA jIva devaloka se cyuta hokara RSabhapura nagara ke rAjA candragupta kA putra vajragupta hotA hai| prAbhAtika ke zabdoM se pratibodha pAkara vaha bhI bhaga0 mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA le letA hai| caNDasoma kA jIva bhI devaloka se cyuta hokara brAhmaNa yajJadeva ke putra svayambhUdeva ke rUpa meM janma letA hai aura garuDa ke vRttAnta se pratibuddha hokara bha0 mahAvIra ke pAsa dIzcita ho jAtA hai| mAyAditya kA jIva devaloka se cyuta hokara rAjagRha nagarI meM rAjA zreNika kA putra mahAratha hotA hai aura apane svapna kA bhaga0 mahAvIra ke mukha se spaSTIkaraNa suna vairAgya prAptakara dIkSA le letA hai| Ayu kA anta hone para ye pA~coM antima sallekhanA svIkArakara antakRt kevalI ho siddhaloka jAte haiN|

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kathA-sAhitya pA~coM pAtroM meM se kevala do pAtra kuvalayacandra aura kuvalayamAlA hI isa kathA ke mukhya pAtra batAye gaye haiN| unheM hI kathA ke nAyaka-nAyikA banAkara zeSa pAtroM kI kathAe~ unakI kathA se bA~dhakara sArI kathA ko atyanta rocaka banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yaha kathA-grantha ghaTanA-vaicitrya aura upAkhyAnoM kI pracuratA meM vasudevahiMDI ke samAna hai| apanI prauDha zailI aura alaMkAra-samRddhi meM subaMdhu kI vAsavadattA aura bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI kI tulanA karatI hai| isa para haribhadra kI samarAiccakahA aura trivikrama ke nalacampU kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| isa kathA-grantha meM bahuvidha sAMskRtika sAmagrI bikharI par3I hai| maThoM meM rahanevAle vidyArthiyoM aura vANijya vyApAra ke lie dUra-dUra bhramaNa karanevAle vaNikoM kI boliyoM kA isameM saMgraha hai| isameM samudra-yAtrA kA varNana hai, maThoM meM dI jAnevAlI zikSA tathA zAstroM kA varNana hai, 18 dezI boliyoM kA dezoM ke sAtha samullekha hai, utsava, vivAha-varNana tathA prahelikAoM Adi kA varNana diyA gayA hai| grantha ke Adi meM racayitA ne apane pUrvavartI anekoM kaviyoM aura AcAryoM kA unakI kRtiyoM ke sAtha ullekha kiyA hai| granthakAra evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA kA nAma dAkSiNyacihna udyotanasUri hai| kathA ke anta meM lekhaka ne eka 27 padyoM kI prazasti dI hai| jisameM guruparamparA, racanAsamaya aura sthAna kA nidaza kiyA gayA hai| isase aneka mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kA patA calatA hai| tadanusAra uttarApatha meM candrabhAgA nadI ke taTa para pavvaiyA nAmaka nagarI meM toramANa yA torarAya nAmaka rAjo rAjya karatA thaa| isake guru guptavaMzIya AcArya harigupta ke ziSya mahAkavi devagupta the| unake ziSya zivacandragaNi mahattara bhillamAla ke nivAsI the, unake ziSya yakSadatta the| inake NAga, biMda ( vRnda ), mammaDa, duggA, agnizarmA, baDesara ( baTezvara ) Adi aneka ziSya the, jinhoMne devamandira kA nirmANa karAkara gurjara deza ko ramaNIya banAyA thaa| ina ziSyoM meM se eka kA nAma tatvAcArya thA / ye hI tatvAcArya kuvalayamAlA ke kartA udyotanasUri ke guru the| udyotanasUri ko vIrabhadrasUri ne siddhAnta aura haribhadrasUri ne yuktizAsra ko zikSA dI thii| 5. kaNDikA 430.

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342 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ___ isa grantha ko unhone jAvAlipura (jAlora) ke bhaga0 RSabhadeva ke maMdira meM rahakara caitra kRSNA caturdazI ke aparAhna meM, jaba ki zaka saM0 700 ke samApta hone meM eka hI dina zeSa thA, pUrNa kiyA thaa| usa samaya narahasti zrIvatsarAja yahA~ rAjya karatA thaa| yaha samaya vikrama saM0 835 AtA hai aura IsvI san 779 kI mArca 21 ko samApta huA samajhanA cAhie / kuvalayamAlAkathA-paramAra narezoM-muMja, bhoja Adi tathA caulukya nRpoM siddharaHja aura kumArapAla Adi ke samaya apabhraMza aura prAkRta kI racanAoM ko saMskRta meM yA vizAla saMskRta kI racanAoM kA sArarUpa dene ke prayatna kiye gaye haiN| kuvalayamAlAkathA bhI unhIM prayatnoM meM se eka hai| ise kuvalaya tassujoyaNaNAmo taNamo maha viraiyA teNa / tuGgamalaMcaM jiNabhavaNamaNaharaM sAvayAulaM visamaM // jAvAliuraM ahAvayaM va aha asthi puhiie|| tuMgaM dhavalaM maNahArirayaNapasaraMta - dhayavaDADoyaM / usabha jiNidAyayarNa karAviyaM vIrabhaheNa // tastha ThieNaM aha coisIe cettassa kaNhapakkhammi / gimmaviyA bohikarI bhavvANaM hou samvANaM / / parabhaDa-bhiuDI-bhaMgo pnniiynnrohinniiklaacndo| sirivaccharAyaNAmo raNahatthI pasthivo jaiyA // ko kira vaccai tIraM jiNavayaNa-mahoyahissa duttAraM / thoyamahaNA vi baddhA esA hiridevivayaNeNa // sagakAle volINe varisANa saehiM sattahiM gaehi / egadiNeNUNehiM raiyA bhavaraNhavelAe // Na kahattaNAhimANo Na kavvabuddhIe viraiyA esaa| dhammakaha tti NibaddhA mA dose kAhiha imiie|| 2. amitagati ne apanI pUrvavartI dharmaparIkSA (apabhraMza) kA tathA paMcasaMgraha aura mArAdhanA (prAkRta) kA saMkSipta rUpAntara saMskRta meM diyA hai, samarAiccakahA kA saMkSepa pradyumnasUri ne samarAdityasaMkSepa (saM0 1325) tathA devacandra ke prAkRta zAntinAthacaritra kA munideva ne saMskRta (saM0 1322) rUpA. ntara kiyA hai aura devendrasUri ne siddharSi kI upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathA kA sAroddhAra (saM0 1298) prastuta kiyA hai| 3. siMghI jaina granthamAlA meM prakAzita, san 1970.

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kathA-sAhitya 343 mAlAkathAsaMkSepa bhI kahA gayA hai / yaha udyotanasUri kI vizAla prAkRta racanA kutracyamAlA kA zailI pUrNa saMskRta meM saMkSipta rUpAntara hai / kuvalayamAlA ko jabaki 13000 yA 10000 granthAgra pramANa batalAyA hai to yaha usa parimANa meM 3804, 3894 yA 3995 granthAgra mAnI gaI hai / kuvalayamAlA meM jaba ki koI tribhAga nahIM hai to yaha cAra prastAvoM meM vibhAjita hai / dUsare aura cauthe prAyaH samAna vistAra ke haiM jabaki prathama unase AdhA jaisA hai aura tRtIya unase dugune se thor3A kama hai / kuvalayamAlA ke mUla aura saMskRta donoM rUpoM meM gadya aura padya spaSTataH mile haiM / yaha prAMjala tathA vidvattApUrNa zailI meM likhA huA eka saMskRta campU hI hai / isameM prAkRta racanA ke nagara, prAkRtika dRzya, upamAoM aura utprekSAoM Adi ke lambe vivaraNoM ko kama kara diyA gayA hai aura kathA kI bAta eka bhI nahIM chor3I gaI hai / padyoM kA manohara hai / yaha racanA bhAva, bhASA-pravAha Adi kI hai / yadyapi isameM gauNa pAtroM ke nAmoM aura padoM meM thor3A-bahuta antara hai para prastuta saMkSepa ke lekhaka ne mUla kuvalayamAlA meM bhrama paidA karanevAle kaI sthaloM ko spaSTa kiyA hai / zatruMjaya tIrtha ke viSaya meM kucha padya jor3e haiM, Adi ' hue sundara dRSTi se racayitA aura racanAkAla - isake racayitA paramAnandasUri ke ziSya ratnaprabhAcArya haiM / isakA sazodhana usa kAla ke prasiddha saMzodhaka pradyumnasUra ne kiyA thA 2 isalie ratnaprabha pradyumnasUri ke samakAlIna ( 13vIM sadI kA madhya ) haiM / 1. kuvalayamAlA, aMgrejI prastAvanA, pR0 94. 2. vahI, pR0 96. nirvANalIlAvatIkathA- - yaha kathA bhI strIpAtra pradhAna nahIM hai phira bhI AkarSaNa ke lie yaha nAma cunA gayA hai| kuvalayamAlA ke samAna hI isameM bhI saMmAra-praribhramaNa ke kAraNoM ko pradarzita karanevAlI kathAe~ do gaI haiM / kuvalayamAlA meM jisa taraha krAdha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha se prabhAvita vyakti kathA ke pAtra banAye gaye haiM usI taraha nirvANalIlAvato meM pA~ca doSa-yugaloM arthAt ( 1 ) hiMsA-krodha, (2) mRSA-mAna, (3) steya - mAyA, ( 4 ) maithuna - moha aura ( 5 ) parigraha-lobha ko tathA sarzana Adi paMca-indriyoM ke vazIbhUta hone ko saMsAra kA kAraNa batAte hue unakA phala bhoganevAle vyaktiyoM kI kathAe~ saMskRta rUpAntara prasAdapUrNa racanA

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dI gaI haiN| kuvalayamAlA ke samAna hI isakA nAma ina kathAoM ke eka nAyikA-pAtra ke nAma se rakhA gayA hai aura kathAoM ko eka sAtha pUrvabhavoM ke dRSTAnta dvArA jor3A gayA hai| kathAnaka saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : rAjaga meM siMha nAma kA rAjaputra thA, usakA vivAha eka sAmanta kI putrI lIlAvatI se huA / rAjA-rAnI kI mRtyu ke bAda siMha ne rAjyapada pAyA aura apane eka mitra jinadatta ke samparka se jinadharmI ho gyaa| eka samaya jinadatta ke dharmaguru samarasena rAjagRha meM Ate haiM aura ve saba unakA upadeza sunane ke lie jAte haiN| rAjA siMha ne muni ke anupama vyaktitva se prabhAvita ho unakA paricaya pUchA / muni ne apane tathA apane pUrvajanma ke sAthiyoM ko kathAe~ batalAte hue kahA ki kauzAmbI meM vijayasena nareza, jayasena mantrI, zUra purohita purandara koSAdhyakSa tathA sArthapati dhana apane kartavyoM kA pAlana karate hue rahate the| usa nagara meM sudharma muni ke Ane para vijayasena Adi pA~coM unase sAMsArika duHkhoM kA kAraNa pUchane gye| muni ukta paJcadoSa yugaloM ko saMsAra kA kAraNa batalAte haiM aura unakA phala bhoganevAle kramazaH rAjaputra rAmadeva, rAjaputra sulakSaNa, vaNikputra vasudeva, rAjakumAra vajrasiha tathA rAjaputra kanakaratha kI dRSTAnta-kathAe~ kahate haiN| isake bAda sparzana Adi pA~ca indriyoM ke vaza meM hone se unake kuphala kI sUcaka pA~ca kathAoM ke prasaMga meM zrotArUpa se upasthita vijayasena nareza Adi pA~coM vyaktiyoM ke pUrvabhava kI kathAe~ kahate haiM, jinheM suna ve saba virakta ho gaye aura tapasyAkara svarga gaye / vahA~ una logoM ne agale bhavasudhAra ke lie paraspara pratibodha karane kI pratijJA kii| svarga se cyuta hokara ve saba vibhinna sthAnoM meM manuSyabhava meM janme / jayasena mantrI kA jIva samarasena nAmaka rAjaputra huA para vaha kusaMskAroM ke kAraNa zikArI bana gyaa| pUrva pratijJA ke anusAra use purohita zUra ke jIva eka deva ne hiMsA tyAgane ke lie sambodhita kiyA isase vaha rAjaputra muni ho gyaa| tapasyA ke prabhAva se muni samarasena apane pUrvabhava ke mitroM ko jAna letA hai aura unheM dharmamArga meM lAne ke lie pratibodha hetu bhramaNa karatA hai| muni batalAtA hai ki jayasena kA jIva samarasena maiM hI hU~ aura vijayasena nRpa ke jIva rAjA siMha aura sArthavAha dhana ke jIva lIlAvatI ko, jo tuma donoM mere sammukha baiThe ho, pratibuddha karane AyA huuN| yaha suna lIlAvatI aura siMha ko jAtismaraNa ho gayA aura usane pinadIvAra lekara tapazcaraNa dvArA mokSa- pada pAyA /

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kathA-sAhitya isa kathAnaka ko lekara prAkRta bhASA meM nivANalIlAvaI nAmaka kathA-grantha saM0 1082 aura 1095 ke madhya AzApallo meM jinezvarasUri ne rcaa| samasta grantha prAkRta padyoM meM hai para mUla racanA abhI taka anupalabdha hai| isakA ullekha aneka granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai aura usake padalAlitya Adi guNoM kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| jinezvarasUri kA paricaya unakI anya racanA kathAkoSapakaraNa ke sAtha diyA gayA hai| ukta prAkRta racanA ke kathAnaka ko AdhAra banA saMskRta meM nirvANalIlAvatIkAvya kI racanA ikkIsa utsAhoM meM kI gaI hai| isakI racanA 5350 zlokapramANa hai| pratyeka utsAha ke anta meM eka puSpikA dI gaI hai jisameM kavi ne jinezvarasUri kA AbhAra svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha jinAMka mahAkAvya hai aura ise mahAkAvyocita lakSaNoM se bhUSita karane ke prayatna bhI dikhAI par3ate haiN| isa kAvya kI zailI ko alaMkAroM se bhI susajjita kiyA gayA hai| vaise isameM adhikatA se anuSTubh chandoM meM hI kathA varNita hai para pA~caveM aura bArahaveM meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kAvya ke anta meM granthakartA kI prazasti dI gaI hai jisase isake racayitA jinaratnasUri kI guruparamparA para prakAza par3atA hai| ve sudharmAgaccha ke the| isI gaccha meM nivANalolAvaI prAkRta mahAkAvya ke racayitA jinezvarasUri hue| unakI ziSyaparamparA meM kramazaH jinacandrasUri-navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri-jinavallabhasUri-jinadattasUri-jinacandrasUri-jinapatisUrijinezvarasUri hue| ina jinezvarasUri ke ziSya jinaratnasUri hue| kharataragaccha bRhadgurvAvali meM batAyA gayA hai ki jinaratnasUri kA pUrvanAma vijayavaddhanagaNi thA / jinezvarasUri ne unheM vAgbhaTameru (bAr3amera) meM saM0 1283 kI mAgha kRSNa 6 ko dIkSA dI thii| saM0 1304 meM vaizAkha sudI 14 ke dina jinezvarasUri ne vijayavardhanagaNi ko AcAryapada para sthApita kiyA aura unheM jinaratnasUre nAma pradAna kiyaa| saM0 1326 meM jinazvarasUri ke netRtva meM tathA 20 1339 meM jinaprabodhasUri ke nAyakatva meM nikAlI saMghayAtrAoM meM ., jinaratnakoza, pR0 138. 2. vahI, pR0 338. 3. nirvANalIlAvatI, prazasti, zloka 13.16.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jinaratnasUri sAtha the|' jinaratnasUri ne saM0 1341 meM lIlAvato kathAsAra kI racanA kI / isakI racanA jAvAlipattana ( jAlaura) nagara meM huI thI / isakI racanA meM bhI kavi ne apane sahayogI lakSmItilakagaNi kI sahAyatA lI hai / isameM pratyekabuddhacarita se bhI bahuta sAmagrI lI gaI hai|' isakA saMzodhana saumyamUrtigaNi tathA jinaprabodhayati ne kiyA thA / 346 ukta racanAoM ke atirikta kavi kuJjarakRta lIlAvatIkAvya aura eka ajJAtakartRka lIlAvatI kathA kA ullekha huA hai / ' RSidattAcarita - isameM RSi avasthA meM hariSeNa prItimatI se utpanna putrI RSidattA aura rAjakumAra kanakaratha kA kautukatApUrNa caritra varNita hai / kanakaratha eka anya rAjakumArI rukmiNI se vivAha karane jAtA hai para mArga meM eka vana me RSidattA se vivAhakara lauTa AtA hai / rukmiNI RSidattA ko eka yoginI ke dvArA rAkSasI ke rUpa meM kalaMkita karatI hai / use phA~sI kI bhI sajA hotI hai / para RSidattA apane zIla ke prabhAva se saba vipattiyoM ko pAra kara jAtI hai aura apane priya se samAgama karatI hai / isa AkarSaka kathAnaka ko lekara saMskRta - prAkRta meM kaI kathAkAvya upalabdha hote haiM / isa kathA para sabase prAcIna racanA prAkRta meM hai jo parimANa meM 1550 granthAgra hai / " isakI racanA nAilakula ke guNapAla muni ne kI hai| lekhaka kI anya racanA 'jambUcagyi' bhI milatI hai / isidattAcariya ( RSidattAcaritra) kI prAcIna prati saM0 1264 yA 1288 kI milatI hai / isase yaha ukta kAla ke pUrva kI racanA hai / guNapAla muni kA samaya bhI 9 - 10vIM zatAbdI ke bIca anumAna kiyA gayA hai / dUsarI racanA 1994 saMskRta zlokoM meM hai jo cAra sargoM meM kramazaH isa 1. kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvali, pR0 49, 52, 56. 2. pratyekabuddhacarita, sarga 3, ilo0 182-196; lIlAvatIkathAsAra, 1.72-87.. 3. lIlAvatIkathAsAra, prazasti. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR. 338. 5- 6. vahI, pR0 59.

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kathA-sAhitya 347 prakAra vibhakta haiM : prathama meM 258, dUsare meM 278, tIsare meM 540 aura caturtha meM 118 zloka / kartA kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai| anya ajJAtakartRka racanAe~ vibhinna parimANa kI milatI haiM yathA 2827 granthAna, 442 granthAna (saMskRta) aura 451 saMskRta zlokoM meM / isa caritra para ajJAtakartRka eka RSidattApurANa aura RSidattAsatIAkhyAna ke ullekha milate haiN|' bhuvanasundarIkathA-mahAsatI bhuvanasundarA kI camatkArapUrNa kathA ko lekara prAkRta meM eka vizAla racanA kI gaI jisameM 8911 gAthAe~ haiN| ina gAthAoM kA parimANa bRhaTippanikA meM 10350 granthAna batalAyA gayA hai| isakI racanA saM0 975 meM nAilakula ke samudrasUri ke ziSya vijayasiMha ne kI hai / isakI prAcInatama prati saM0 1365 kI milI hai| surasundarIcariya-prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha yaha rAjakumAra makaraketu aura surasundarI kA eka premAkhyAna hai| isameM 16 pariccheda haiM, pratyeka meM 250 gAthAe~ haiM aura kula milAkara 4001 gAthAoM meM samApta huA hai| ___ kathAvastu-surasundarI kuzAgrapura ke rAjA naravAhanadatta kI putrI thI / vaha nAnA vidyAoM meM niSNAta thii| citra dekhane se use hastinApura ke makaraketu nAmaka rAjakamAra se Asakti ho gaI thii| usakI sakhI priyaMvadA makaraketu kI talAza meM nikalatI hai| use buhilA nAmaka eka parivrAjikA ne kapaTa se nAstikatA kA pATha par3hAnA cAhA kintu surasundarI ne use tarkoM se parAjita kara diyA / usane ruSTa hokara usakA citrapaTa ujjainanareza za@jaya ko dikhAkara vivAha ke lie ubhaadd'aa| zatrujaya ne usake pitA se surasundarI kI mA~ga kI para vaha ThukarA dI gaI jisase donoM rAjAoM meM yuddha chir3a gyaa| isI bIca vaitADhya parvata ke eka vidyAdhara ne surasundarI kA apaharaNa 1-2. jinaratnakoza, pR0.59. 1, vahI, pR0 299; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 187. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 67, 447; muni rAjavijaya dvArA saMpAdita evaM jaina vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA dvArA prakAzita, banArasa, saM0 1972; abhayadevasUri granthamAlA, bIkAnera se bhI prakAzita; isakA gujarAtI anuvAda jainadharma pra0 sabhA, bhAvanagara se 1915 meM prakAzita.

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348 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kara liyA aura use le jAkara ratnadvIpa meM bA~soM ke jAla meM chipAkara rakhA / vahA~ vaha AtmaghAta kI icchA se viSaphala khA letI hai / daivayoga se isI bIca usake sacce premI makaraketu ne vahA~ pahu~cakara usakI rakSA kI, tathA vahA~ se jAkara usane zatruMjaya nRpa kA vinAza kiyaa| para yahA~ surasundarI ko kisI pUrva vairI vetAla ne haraNakara AkAzamArga se hastinApura ke udyAna meM girA diyA / vahA~ ke rAjA ne use surakSA de dAsI se saMtra vRttAnta jAna liyA ke vadha ke anantara makaraketu kA bhI apaharaNa kara liyA gayA / udhara zatruMjaya bar3I kaThinAiyoM aura nAnA ghaTanAoM ke pazcAt surasundarI aura makaraketu kA punarmilana aura vivAha huA / pazcAt saMsArasugva bhoga donoM ne dIkSA le tapasyAkara mokSapada pAyA / isa kathA kI nAyikA surasundarI kA nAma va vRttAnta vAstava meM 11 veM pariccheda se prArambha hotA hai / isase pUrva makaraketu ke mAtA pitA amaraketu aura kamalAvatI kA tathA usa nagara ke seTha dhanadatta kA ghaTanApUrNa vRttAnta aura kuzAgrapura ke seTha kI putrI zrIdattA se vivAha, usI ghaTanAcakra ke bIca vidyAdhara citravega aura kanakamAlA tathA citragati aura priyaMsundarI ke premAkhyAna varNita haiM / isa kathA meM prArambha meM sajjana - durjana varNana tathA prasaMga-prasaMga para maMtra, dUta, raNaprayANa, parvata, nagara, Azrama, saMdhyA, rAtri, sUryodaya, vivAha, vanavihAra Adi ke varNana diye gaye haiN| aneka alaMkAroM kA prayoga bhI huA hai / samasta grantha meM AryAchanda kA vyavahAra huA hai para kahIM-kahIM varNana vizeSa meM bhinna-bhinna chandoM kabhI vyavahAra huA hai / racayitA aura racanAkAla --- isake praNetA dhanezvarasUri haiM jo jinezvarasUri ke ziSya the / granthAnta meM 13 gAthAoM kI eka prazasti meM granthakAra kA paricaya, racanA kA sthAna tathA kAla kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / tadanusAra yaha kathAkAvya caDDAvallipurI (candrAvatI ) meM saM0 2095 kI bhAdrapada kRSNa dvitIyA guruvAra dhaniSThA nakSatra meM banAyA gayA / saMbhavataH inake hI guru jinezvarasUri kharataragaccha 1. tesiM sIsavaro dhaNesara munI eyaM kaha pAyauM / caDDAvali purI Thibho sa guruNo ANAe pADhaMtarA // kAsI vikkama vaccharammi ya gae bANaMka sunnoDupe / mAse bhaddava gurummi kasiNe bIyA dhaNiTThA dine //

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kathA-sAhitya 349 ke saMsthApaka the / isI kathA para nayasundarakRta saMskRta surasundarIcaritra kA ullekha milatA hai| narmadAsundarIkathA-isa kathA meM narmadAsundarI dvArA aneka vicitra paristhitiyoM meM par3akara apane satItva kI rakSA karane kI adbhuta kathA kA varNana hai|' kathAvastu-narmadAsundarI kA vivAha eka ajaina para vivAha ke pUrva jainadharma svIkAra karanevAle mahezvaradatta vaNika se hotA hai| vaha use le dhana kamAne ke lie yavanadvIpa jAtA hai para use narmadAsundarI ke caritra para zaMkA hone se dhokhe se mArga meM soyI chor3a detA hai| bAda meM vaha kaI kaSTa jhelane ke bAda apane cAcA vIradAsa ko mila jAtI hai aura usake sAtha babbara deza jAtI hai| yahIM se usakA jIvana-saMgharSa uttarottara bar3hatA hai| vahA~ hariNI nAmaka vezyA kI dAsiyA~ use phusalAkara le bhAgatI haiN| vezyA use apane jaisA jIvana jIne ko bAdhya karatI hai para vaha apane zIlavata meM dRr3ha rahatI hai| phira vaha dUsarI vezyA kariNI ke cakkara meM phaMsatI hai aura vahA~ se rAjA dvArA pakar3a kara bulAI jAtI hai para rAste meM usane pagalI banane kA abhinaya kiyA isase vaha baca skii| phira jinadAsa zrAvaka kI sahAyatA se apane cAcA vIradAsa ke pAsa pahuMca sakI / anta meM saMsAra se virakta hokara usane suhastasUri se dIkSA le lii| narmadAsundarI ke kathAnaka ko lekara kaI kaviyoM ne prAkRta, apabhraMza aura gujarAtI meM kAvya likhe| unameM devacandrasUri aura mahendrasUri kRta prAkRta racanA prakAzita huI hai| apabhraMza meM jinaprabhasUri kI aura gujarAtI meM merusundara kI racanA bhI prakAza meM AI hai| pahalI devacandrasUrikRta racanA 250 gAthA-pramANa hai| unhoMne apane pUrvaguru AcArya pradyumnasariracita 'mUlazuddhiprakaraNa' nAmaka prAkRta grantha ke Upara vistRta TIkA kI racanA kI thii| usI TIkA meM udAharaNarUpa aneka prAcIna kathAoM kA saMkalana kiyA thaa| usameM prastuta narmadAsundarI kI kathA, prasaMgavaza saMkSepa meM likhI hai| yaha racanA kathAgata mUlavastu ke parijJAna meM bahuta upayogI hai / devacandrasUri ne anta meM ullekha kiyA hai ki yaha kathA mUlarUpa meM vasudevahiNDI nAmaka prAcIna kathAgrantha meM grathita hai| usI ke AdhAra se unhoMne apanI 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 447. 2. vahI, pR0 205.

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350 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa racanA banAI thii| ye devacandrasUri suprasiddha kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ke guru the| dUsarI racanA ke racayitA mahendrasUri haiN| isameM 1117 gAthAe~ haiM / bIcabIca meM kitanA hI gadyabhAga hai isase isakA granthAna 1750 zloka-pramANa hai| mahendrasUri ne likhA hai ki unhoMne yaha mUlakathA zAntisUri nAmaka AcArya ke mukha se sunI thii| sAhityika kRti ke rUpa meM mahendrasUrivAlI kathA kA mUlAdhAra devacandrasUrikRta uparyukta racanA honA sambhava hai| isakI racanA saM0 1187 meM huI thii| mahendrasUri kI guruparamparA evaM anya racanAoM ke sambandha meM vizeSa mAlUma nahIM hai| mahendrasUri kI racanA bahuta sarala, prAsAdika aura subodhAtmaka hai| kathA kI ghaTanA bacce se bUDhe taka hRdayaMgama kara sakate haiM, aisI sarasarIti se vaha kahI gaI hai| bIca-bIca meM lokokti aura subhASitoM kI chaTA bhI dekhate banatI hai| prAkRta bhASA ke abhyAsiyoM ke lie yaha sundara racanA hai| mahendrasUri ne yaha racanA apane ziSya kI abhyarthanA se hI banAI thii| isakI prathama prati unake ziSya zIlacandragaNi ne taiyAra kI thii| kucha ajJAtakartRka narmadAsundarIkathAe~ bhI milI haiN| eka meM 249 gAthAe~ haiM / eka ajJAtakartRka racanA prakAzita bhI huI hai| ___ manoramAcarita-manoramA kI kathA jinezvarasUrikRta kahANayakosa (saM0 1108 ) meM dI gaI hai| isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki zrAvastI kA rAjA kisI nagara ke vyApArI kI patnI ko apanI rAnI banAnA cAhatA hai| vaha saphala bhI ho jAtA hai kintu anta meM devatAoM dvArA manoramA ke zIla kI rakSA kI jAtI hai / isa kathA ko svataMtra vizAla prAkRta racanA ke rUpa meM banAyA gayA hai jisakA parimANa 15000 gAthAeM haiN| isakI racanA navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva ke ziSya vardhamAnAcArya ne saM0 1140 meM kI hai| vardhamAnAcArya kI anya racanAoM meM AdinAhacariya (saM0 1160 ) aura dharmaratnakaraNDakavRtti ( saM0 1972) milatI haiN| .. jinaratnakoza, pR. 205, siMghI jaina granthamAlA bambaI, saM0 2016. 2. vahI; haMsavijaya phro lAibrerI, mahamadAbAda, 1919. 3. vahI, pR0 101, jaina granthAvali (zvetAmbara jaina kAnpharensa, bambaI), pR. 229.

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kathA-sAhitya 351 malayasundaraHkathA -- isameM mahAbala aura malayasundarI kI praNayakathA kA varNana hai / isa nAma kI aneka racanAe~ vividhakatRka milatI haiM / ' prathama prAkRta 1256 gAthAoM meM ajJAtakatR ka hai / isameM eka paurANika kathA kA parIkathA se saMmizraNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM pracura kalpanApUrNa anokhe aura jAdUbhare camatkArI kAryoM kI bAr3ha meM pAThaka bahatA hai| isa upanyAsa meM parIkathA sAhitya meM sujJAta kalpanAbandhoM ( motifs ) kA tAnA-bAnA phailA huA hai jisameM rAjakumAra mahAbala aura rAjakumArI malayasundarI kA Akasmika milana, phira eka dUsare se viyoga aura phira sadA ke lie milana citrita hai / yaha saba unake pUrvopArjita karmoM ke phala kA hI AzcaryakArI rUpa thA / pIche mahAvala jaina muni ho jAtA hai aura malayasundarI sAdhvI / isa taraha jaina paurANika kathA ko parIkathA se saMmizritakara prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yaha kathAnaka jaina samAja meM bahuta pracalita rahA hai / isa para 15vIM zatAbdI meM saMskRta gadya meM aMcalagaccha ke mANikyasUri ne 'mahAcalamalayasundarI' nAmaka kathA likhI hai / prAkRta caritra ko AdhAra banA kara saMskRta padyoM meM Agamagaccha ke jayatilakasUri ne bhI malayasundarIcaritra' kI racanA kI hai / yaha cAra prastAvoM meM vibhakta hai jinameM 2390 zloka haiN| jayatilakasUri ne ise jJAna kA mAhAtmya prakaTa karanevAlA jJAnaratna- upAkhyAna kahA hai / " isameM malayasundarI ko bhaga0 pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa se 100 varSa bAda utpanna honA batalAyA gayA hai / " isI zatAbdI meM pallIgaccha ke zAntisUri ne 500 granthAgra- pramANa malayasundarIcaritra ko saM0 1456 meM banAyA hai aura pippalagaccha 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 302, viNTaranisla, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 533. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 302; bambaI se 1918 meM prakAzita. 3. vahI; devacandra lAlabhAI pu0 granthamAlA, bambaI; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1910, vijayadAnasUrIzvara jaina granthamAlA, varateja, saM0 2009. 4. jJAnAduddhiyate jantuH patito'pi mahApadi / ekazlokArthabodhena yathA malayasundarI // 1.19 // 5. malayasundarI caritra, prastAva 4.824. 6. vahI; isakA jarmana anuvAda harTala ne 'iNDiza mArsena' (1919) meM kiyA hai; viNTaranitsa, hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 533 para TippaNa.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 352 ke dharmadevamaNi ke ziSya dharmacandra ne malaya sundarIkathoddhAra kI racanA kI hai / eka ajJAtakatRka saMskRta malayasundarIcaritra bhI upalabdha hai / madanarekhAcarita - isameM mithilA ke nRpa nami ( pratyekabuddha ) kI mAtA madanarekhA kA caritra diyA gayA hai| madanarekhA sudarzanapura ke nRpa maNiratha ke anuja yugabAhu kI patnI hai / maNiratha usa para Asakta ho jAtA hai aura use pAne ke lie apane anuja ko mAra DAlatA hai para maNiratha bhI sarpadaMza se mArA jAtA haiM / madanarekhA apane zIla kI rakSA ke lie tathA garbhastha bAlaka kI rakSA ke lie 1 bhAga nikalatI hai / rambhAgRha meM nami kA janma hotA hai parantu sarovara meM vastra - pracAlana ke lie jAte samaya bAlaka kA apaharaNa ho jAtA hai / usa duHkha kI hAlata meM eka vidyAdhara usake zIla kA apaharaNa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai para caturAI se vaha baca nikalatI hai aura suvratA nAmaka sAdhvI ho jAtI hai / bAlaka mithilAnareza padmaratha dvArA pAlA-posA jAtA hai aura zikSA pAkara rAjyapada pAtA hai / madanarekhA ke jyeSTha putra evaM sudarzanapura ke mithilA nareza nami ke bIca eka bAra honevAle yuddha kA hone kI yAda dilAkara nivAraNa kiyA thA / adhIza candrayaza aura suvratA ne unake sahodara yaha caritra pratyekabuddhakathAoM meM namicaritra ke sAtha bhI varNita hai para pIche isakI rocakatA ke kAraNa isa para aneka svataMtra racanAe~ likhI gaI haiN| saMskRta gadya meM eka ajJAtakartRka racanA kA ullekha milatA hai|' isa para jinabhadrasUri ( 12vIM zatAbdA ) ne madanarekhAAkhyAyikAcampU nAmaka uccakoTi kA kAvya likhA hai / usakA varNana hama campU-kAvyoM meM de rahe haiN| zubhazIlagaNi ke bharatezvara bAhubali vRtti meM yaha caritra vistAra se diyA gayA hai / gujarAtI meM saM0 1537 meM matizekhara ( ukezagacchIya ) ne isa caritra kI racanA kI hai| madirAvatIkathAnaka -- vardhamAnadezanA ( zubhavardhana gaNi ) meM zIla ke mAhAtmya para madirAvatI kI rocaka kathA dI gaI hai / usI para ajJAtakartRka eka racanA milatI hai / " 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 300. 2. lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 300; jaina gurjara kavimo, bhAga 3, pR0 469. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 300.

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kathA-sAhitya 353 guNAvalIkathA-isameM guNAvalI ke zIlarakSA ke prayatnoM kA varNana hai|' isako racanA jinacandrasUri ne kI hai jo nAgapurIya tapAgaccha ke sAgaracandrasUri ke ziSya the| inakA anya grantha siddhAntaratnikAvyAkaraNa (saM0 1850) bhI milatA hai| zIlavatIkathA-kumArapAlapratibodha-samAgata ajitasena-zIlavatI ke rocaka carita ko lekara zIlavatIkathA aura zIlavatIcaritra nAmaka kaI racanAe~ milatI haiN| ___ kathAvastu-zIlavatI kA pati zreSThiputra ajitasena rAjA ke sAtha paradeza jAne lagA to use apanI patnI ke prati bar3I cintA huii| zIlavatI ne pratijJA kara vizvAsa dilAyA ki usakA zIla trikAla meM bhI bhaMga na hogaa| para ghara meM usake zvasura ko usa para zaGkA huI aura vaha use ratha para baiThAkara pIhara ke lie ravAnA ho gyaa| rAste meM zIlavatI ne apanI cAturI se kaI adbhuta kArya kiye| isase usakA zvasura prasanna ho gayA aura usane use sAre ghara kI mAlakina banA diyA / eka bAra rAjA ne bhI kramazaH azoka, ratikeli, lalitAMga, kAmAMkura Adi ko bheja zIlavatI kI parIkSA kI para zIlavatI ne caturAI se unheM eka gaDDhe meM kaida kara diyaa| eka bAra rAjA usake pati ajitasena ke sAtha usake yahAM bhojana karane AyA / zIlavatI ne una kaida kiye gaye vyaktiyoM dvArA zIghra hI bhojana taiyAra karA diyaa| pIche sArA rahasya khulA ki rAjA ke bheje logoM kI kyA durdazA huI thI Adi / isa kathAnaka ko lekara somatilakasUri ne zIlavatIkathA likhI / candragaccha ke udayaprabhasUri ne 988 granthAna parimANa eka saMskRta racanA banAI jisakI prAcIna prati saM0 1400 kI milatI hai| isI taraha rudrapallIya gaccha ke Anandasundara ke ziSya AjJAsundara ne saM0 1562 meM zIlavatIkathA kI saMskRta meM racanA kii| vinayamaNDanagaNi aura nemivijaya ne ukta kathAnaka para zIlavatIcaritra' nAmaka grantha likhe| zIlavatIkathA para ajJAtakartRka do prAkRta racanAe~ bhI upalabdha huI haiN| 1. jinarasnakoza, pR0 106. 2-6. jinaratnakoza, pR0 384-85 meM uparyukta sabhI grantha aMkita haiN| unameM se eka prakAzita ho gayA hai| 23

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa citrasena-padmAvatIcarita-ise padmAvatIcaritra tathA zIlAlaMkArakathA bhI kahate haiM / isameM svadAra-santoSavrata ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie citrasena aura padmAvatI kI kathA kahI gaI hai| kathAvastu-rAjaputra citrasena aura maMtrIputra ratnasAra mitra the| donoM kI sundaratA se nagara kI yuvatiyA~ AkarSita hone lgiiN| logoM ne zikAyata kii| rAjA ne jhaka meM Akara sAta ratna dekara rAjakumAra se rAjya chor3a dene ko khaa| rAjakumAra mitra ke sAtha cala detA hai| bhaTakate hue jaGgala meM vaha eka yuvato kA citra dekha mUJchita ho jAtA hai| hoza Ane para vaha aura usakA mitra eka kevalI se pUchate haiM aura mAlUma karate haiM ki yaha citra padmAvatI kA hai| pUrva janma meM citrasena aura padmAvatI haMsayugala the aura donoM isa bhava meM janme haiN| citrasena aura usakA mitra padmAvatI kI khoja meM ratnapura jAte haiN| vahA~ citrasena ne pUrvajanma kA citra banAkara pradarzita kiyA / padmAvatI usa citra ko dekha mUJchita ho gii| svayaMvara dvArA unakA vivAha huaa| lauTate samaya eka vaTavRkSa para baiThe yakSa-yakSI kI bAta sunakara ratnasAra ne citrasena padmAvatI ko aneka durghaTanAoM se bacAyA aura antima ghaTanA meM ratnasAra ko pASANa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAnA pdd'aa| citrasena bar3A duHkhI huA aura yakSa se usake trANa kA upAya pUchA / padmAvatI ne apane putra hone para use goda meM lekara apane hAtha se ratnasAra kI pASANa pratimA ko jyoM sparza kiyA ki vaha sajIva ho gyaa| isake bAda citrasena ke sAhasika kAryoM kA varNana hai| pIche citrasena aura padmAvatI ne zrAvaka ke 12 vrata le liye aura yAtrAe~ kii| ___isa kathA ko lekara anekoM racanAe~ likhI gaI haiN| sarvaprathama dharmaghoSagaccha ke mahIcandrasUri ke ziSya pAThaka rAjavallama ne 511 saMskRta zlokoM meM isakI racanA saM0 1524 meM kI hai| yaha kathA unhoMne apanI SaDAvazyakabRtti meM bhI saMkSepa meM 200 zlokoM meM dI hai aura likhA hai ki yaha kathA zIlataraGgiNI se lI gaI hai| dUsarI racanA saM0 1649 meM devacandra ke ziSya kalyANacandra ne kI thii| tIsarI racanA saM0 1660 meM buddhivijaya ne dezI bhASA se mizrita 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 123 aura 235; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1924. 2. vahI, pR0 123.

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kathA-sAhitya jaina saMskRta meM kI hai / ' buddhivijaya hIravijayasUri- santAnIya vijayadAnasUri ke praziSya evaM paM0 jaganmalla ke ziSya the / isakI racanA tatra kI gaI thI jatra vijayasenasUri paTTadhara the / anya racanAoM meM hemacandra, padmasena, zIlavijaya, ratnazekhara aura pUrNamalla kRta saMskRta meM nibaddha kRtiyA~ milatI haiM / ' gujarAtI meM nayavijaya aura bhaktivijaya kI racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / mAnatuGga mAnavatIcarita - isa lokakathA ko mRSAvAda - parihAra ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai / yaha mUla meM paMDita mohanavijaya dvArA saM0 1760 meM viracita mAnatuGga mAnavatIrAga ke AdhAra para viracita saMskRta racanA hai / yaha kathAnaka choTe-choTe ATha sargoM meM vibhakta hai / kathAvastu itanI manohara hai ki isakA Adhunika citrapaTa para bhI acchI taraha abhinaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / kathAvastu -- avantI ke eka seTha kI putrI mAnavatI apanI sakhiyoM ke Age vinodavaza apane abhimAnI svabhAva kA varNana karatI hai aura kahatI hai ki vaha apane pati ko hara taraha se apane adhIna rakhegI / yaha bAta avantI kA rAjA mAnatuGga suna letA hai / usake garva ko kharva karane ke lie vaha usase vivAha karatA hai aura prathama milana ke samaya se hI use daNDa dene ke hetu eka alaga prAsAda meM banda karake rakhatA hai aura apanI garvokti siddha karane ko kahatA hai / vaha gupacupa apane pitA se kaha eka suraGga banavAkara yoginI kA veza banAkara bAhara nikala jAtI hai| usane usa veza meM rAjA para eka jAdU-sA kiyA / usane eka prasaMga meM rAjA se apane caraNa dhulavAye aura use caraNodaka pilAyA / usa yoginI ne apsarA kA rUpa dhAraNakara rAjA se apane abhimAna kI anya zarteM pUrI karAI / eka samaya rAjA ke eka anya vivAha ke prasaMga meM usane use chalakara garbhadhAraNa kiyA aura cihnasvarUpa aMgUThI, motI kA hAra Adi le liye aura apane ekAnta mahala meM Akara rahane lgii| jaba rAjA ko 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 123; jaina vidyAbhavana, kRSNanagara, lAhaura, 1942, aMgrejI anuvAdasahita, sampAdaka - mUlarAja jaina. 2. vahI, pR0 123 aura 235. 3. vahI, pR0 123. 4. gurjara jaina kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 436; grantha mesarsa e0 e0 eNDa kampanI' pAlItAnA se prakAzita hai /

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356 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa garbha rahane kA patA calatA hai to vaha aura usakI dUsarI rAniyA~ bar3I khedakhinna hotI haiN| pIche rAjA ko usake putra hone kA samAcAra milatA hai| rAjA use daNDa dene ke lie jAtA hai para pIche use sAga bheda mAlUma hone se vaha bar3A lajita hotA hai aura apanI patnI-putra ko bar3e utsava ke sAtha ghara le AtA hai| isa lokakathA ko dhArmika kathA ke rUpa meM isa prakAra parivartita kiyA gayA hai ki mAnavatI ne pUrva janma meM jhUTha bolane kA tyAga kiyA thA isalie isa janma meM use vaha zakti milI ki usane vinodavaza bole gaye apane garviSTa vacanoM ko bhI pUrA kiyA / racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isakI racanA paMnyAsa tilakavijayagaNi ne saM0 1939 meM kI hai| inakI anya racanAe~ aura vizeSa paricaya jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| mArAmazobhAkathA-ArAmazobhAkathA laukika kathA-sAhitya kI rocaka kathA hai para yaha samyaktva kI mahimA prakaTa karane ke lie eka dharmakathA ke rUpa meM dI gaI hai| jaina kathAoM meM ise haribhadrasUrikRta samyaktvasaptatikA para saMghatilakasUriviracita tattvakaumudI nAmaka vivaraNa ( vi0 saM0 1422) meM pAte haiM / ___ svataMtra racanAoM ke rUpa meM saM0 1537 meM jinaharSasUri ne saMskRta chandoM meM 500 granthAna-pramANa ArAmazobhAkathA' kI racanA kii| jinaharSasUri kharataragacchIya pippalakazAkhA ke jinacandrasUri ke ziSya the| dUsarI racanA 420 granthAna-pramANa unhIM jinacandrasUri ke ziSya malayahaMsagaNi ( 16vIM zatI) ne likhii| isa para kucha azAtakartRka racanAe~ bhI milatI haiN| anaMgasundarIkathA-isameM ujjainanareza jayasena kI rAnI anaMgasundarI jo ki kumAra zramaNakezI kI mAtA thI, kI kathA 300 zlokoM meM varNita hai|' racayitA kA nAma ajJAta hai| 1. trinandagrahabhUsaMkhye vaikramIye suvatsare (1959) / racayAmAsa paMnyAso gaNIndra stilakAbhidhaH // 2-1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 33. 5. vahI, pR0 7.

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357 guNasundarIcarita - isameM puNyapAla rAjA kI rAnI guNasundarI ke zIla kA adbhuta varNana hai / ise puNyapAlarAjakathA bhI kahate haiN|' isakI prAcIna pratiyA~ saM0 1658 aura 1676 kI milatI haiM / kartA kA nAma jJAta nahIM hai / isa para gujarAtI meM jinakuzalasUri ne saM0 1665 meM guNasundarIcatuSpadI kI racanA kI hai / ' gujarAtI meM anya racanAe~ bhI haiM / kathA-sAhitya padmazrIkathA yaha prAkRta meM 318 granthAma- pramANa laghu kathA hai| isameM nAyikA padmazrI apane pUrvajanma meM eka seTha kI putrI thI, jo bAlavidhavA hokara apanA jIvana apane do bhAiyoM aura unakI patniyoM ke bIca eka ora IrSyA aura santApa tathA dUsarI ora dharma sAdhanA meM bitAtI rhii| dUsare janma meM pUrva puNya ke phala se rAjakumArI huii| kintu jo pApakarma zeSa rahA thA usake phalasvarUpa use pati-parityAga kA duHkha bhoganA par3A tathApi saMyama aura tapasyA ke bala se anta meM usane kevalajJAna prApta kara mokSapada pAyA / isake kartA evaM racanA kA samaya ajJAta hai| isa kathA para apabhraMza meM kavi ghAhilakRta paumasiricariu milatA hai / " rohiNIkathA - nArI pAtroM meM rohiNI kI kathA vibhinna rUpoM meM prastuta kI gaI hai / upadezaprAsAda meM tIna vibhinna rohiNI nAriyoM kI kathA dI gaI hai / eka trikathA para dUsarI rohiNI vrata kA pravartana karanevAlI tathA tIsarI satI kI kathA | zubhazIlagaNikRta bharatezvara bAhubalivRtti meM rohiNI satI kI kathA dI gaI hai / svataMtra racanAoM ke rUpa meM prAkRta meM eka kRti 134 gAthAoM meM rUpavijayagaNikRta, dUsarI ajJAtakartRka cAra prastAvoM meM tathA tIsarI kA ullekha nanditADhya ke gAhAlakkhaNa meM rohiNI caritra ke rUpa meM milatA hai / saMskRta meM bhAnukIrti aura narendradeva' kI racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ajJAtakartRka" kucha rohiNIkathAe~ aura rohiNIcaritra bhI upalabdha hue haiN| kanaka .10 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 105, 251. 2. vahI, pR0 105. 3. vahI, pR0 234. 4. siMghI jaina granthamAlA se prakAzita. 5- 10. jinaratnakoza, pR0 333.

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jena sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kuzalaracita rohiNyazokacandranRpakathA' tathA rohiNeyakathA kA paricaya vratakathAoM ke prasaGga meM diyA gayA hai| campakamAlAkathA-supAsanAhacariya meM samyaktva-prazaMsA meM campakamAlA kA udAharaNa AyA hai| ukta kathAnaka ko lekara svataMtra kathAgrantha kI racanA kI gaI hai| campakamAlA cUDAmaNizAstra kI paNDitA thI aura isa zAstra kI sahAyatA se jAnatI thI ki usakA kauna pati hogA tathA usake kitanI santAna hoNgii| isakI racanA tapAgacchIya munivimala ke ziSya bhAvavijayagaNi ne saM0 1708 meM kI thii| bhAvavijaya kI anya racanAoM meM uttarAdhyayanaTIkA (saM0 1681) tathA SaTtriMzatjalpavicAra milate haiM / ___ dUsarI racanA 20vIM zatI ke tapAgacchAcArya yatIndrasUri ne saMskRta gadya meM campakamAlAcaritra likhA hai| isakA racanAkAla saM0 1990 hai / kalAvatIcarita-zIla ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie kalAvatI ke caritra saMskRta-prAkRta donoM prakAra kI racanAoM meM milate haiM / ajJAtakatRka prAkRta kalAvatIcaritra kI eka hastalikhita prati meM saM0 1291 diyA gayA hai| saMskRta zlokoM meM nibaddha ajJAtakartRka kalAvatIkathA bhI milatI hai| kamalAvatIcarita-isameM megharatha nRpa aura rAnI kamalAvatI kA caritra diyA gayA hai| rAjA-rAnI saMsAra se virakta ho jAte haiM para rAnI kamalAvatI apane dudhamuMhe bacce ke kAraNa 20 varSa ghara meM zIla pAlanakara putra ko gaddo para baiThA dIkSA le letI hai| isa para saMskRta meM eka ajJAtakartRka racanA milatI hai| gujarAtI meM vijayabhadra (15vIM zatI) kRta kamalAvatIrAsa milatA hai|" kanakAvatIcarita-ise rUpasenacaritra bhI kahate haiN| isameM rUpasena nRpa aura rAnI kanakAvatI kA AkhyAna varNita hai| saMskRta meM jinasUriracita 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 334. 2. vahI, pR0 121; jaina bhAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, saM0 19... 1. yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha, pR. 42. 5-5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 74. 1. vahI, pR0 67. .. jaina gurjara kavimo, bhAga 1, pR0 14.

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kathA-sAhitya 359 (ajJAtakAla) tathA ajJAtakartRka (saM0 1604 ) racanAe~ milatI haiN|' gujarAtI meM sAdhvI hemazrI dvArA racita kanakAvatIAkhyAna (saM0 1644) milatA hai| zolacammakamAlA-isameM dhanahIna ko dAna dene ke mAhAtmya para campakamAlA kI kathA dI gaI hai| kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai| kuntaladevIkathA-gavarahita dAna dene ke prasaMga meM kunta devI kA kathAnaka dAnapradIpa (saM0 1499 ) meM AyA hai / isI ko kisI lekhaka ne svataMtra racanA ke rUpa meM saMskRta zlokoM meM likhA hai para racanAsaMvat jJAta nahIM hai| accakAribhaTikAkathA-upadezaprAsAda meM ukta kautukapUrNa kathA AI hai| usI para eka ajJAtakartRka racanA milatI hai| mRgasundarIkathA-zrAvakadharma kI dazavidha kriyAoM ko yatnapUrvaka pAlane ke lie mRgasundarI kI kathA dRSTAntarUpa meM kahI gaI hai| isa para aneka granthoM ke lekhaka kanakakuzalagaNi ne saM0 1667 meM eka kRti likhI hai| eka dUsarI azAtakartRka racanA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| gujarAtI meM bhI isa kathA para racanAe~ haiN| zIlasundarIzolapatAkA-isameM zIlataraMgiNI grantha meM varNita zIlasundarI kI kathA do gaI hai jisameM caturvidha AhAra kA tyAgakara saMyamapAlana se apane janma kA uddhAra karanevAlI zIlasundarI nAyikA hai| gujarAtI meM zIlasundarIrAsa bhI milatA hai| subhadrAcarita-isameM sAgaradatta dvArA jainadharma svIkAra kara lene para subhadrA ke mAtA-pitA ne usakA vivAha usase kara diyA / yahA~ sAsa-bahU tathA jaina bauddha 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 67. 2. jaina gurjara kavimo, bhAga 1, pR. 286. .. jinaratnakoza, pR0 384. 1. vahI, pR0 9.. 5. vahI, pR0 2. 6. vahI, pR0 313. 7. vahI, pR0 385.

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360 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhikSuoM ke pArasparika kalaha kA AbhAsa milatA hai| isameM subhadrA ke zIdharma kA acchA nirUpaNa hai / yaha kathAnaka kathAkoSaprakaraNa ( jinezvarasUri ) meM bhI AyA hai | ajJAtaka prastuta racanA 1500 granthAgra pramANa hai / abhayadeva kI saM0 1961 meM racI apabhraMza racanA kA bho ullekha milatA hai / ' anya nArI pAtroM para jo kathAe~ milatI haiM ve isa prakAra haiM- abhaya zrIkathAre, jayasundarIkathA", jinasundarIkathA (zIla para ), dhavyasundarIkathA' (prAkRta), nAgazrIkathA, puNyavatIkathA', puSpavatIkathA, maMgalamAlAkathA", madhumAlatIkathA", ratisundarIkathA", ratnamaMjarIkathA", rasamaMjarIcaritra", zAntimatI kathA 5, sUryayazAkathA", somazrIkathA", saubhAgyasundarI kathA", haMsAvalI kathA", harizcandratArAlocanIcarita", padminIcaritra", magaghasenAkathA 2, madanAvalikathA, madanadhanadevIcarita" | 24 torthamAhAtmya-viSayaka kathAe~ : tIrthoM ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie aneka kathAkoza aura svataMtra kAvyoM kA bhI nirmANa kiyA gayA hai / inameM sabase prAcIna dhanezvarasUri kA zatruMjayamAhAtmya hai / ise raivatAcalamAhAtmya' bhI kahate haiM / bt zatruMjayamAhAtmya - yaha hindU purANoM meM likhA gayA hai / yaha eka mahAkAvya hai jisameM meM haiM / isakA prArambha saMsAra ke adbhuta kArya aura phira prathama jina milanevAle mAhAtmya-zailI para 14 sarga haiM jo prAyaH zlokoM varNana se hotA hai, phira rAjA mahIpAla ke RSabha kI kathA dI gaI hai / isameM bharata 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 445. 2. vahI. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 13. 4. pR0 197. 7. vahI, pR0 210. 10. vahI, pR0 299. 11. vahI, pR0 pR0 327. 14. vahI, pR0 329. pR0 452. 18. vahI, pR0 453. 460. 21. vahI, pR0 336. pR0 300. 25. vahI, pR0 333, 372; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1908. vahI, pR0 134. 5. vahI, 138. 6. vahI, 8. vahI, pR0 251. 9. vahI, pR0 254. 300 12. vahI, pR0 326. 13. vahI, 15. vahI, pR0 381. 16 - 17. vahI, 19. vahI, pR0 459. 20. vahI, 22. vahI, pR0 299. 23-24. vahI, pR0

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kathA-sAhitya bAhubali kA yuddha, yAtrAe~ aura bharata dvArA dharmakSetroM kI sthApanA, vizeSakara zatrujaya parvata para banAe mandiroM kA varNana hai / 9veM sarga meM rAma kI kathA tathA 10-12 taka kRSNa aura ariSTanemi kI kathA se sambaddha pANDavoM kI kathA dI gaI hai| 10veM adhyAya meM bhImasena ke sambandha meM jo kathA kahI gaI hai vaha mahAbhArata ke bhIma se ekadama bhinna hai| yahA~ vaha taskara evaM vyartha para bar3A sAhasI dikhAyA gayA hai : eka samaya vaha eka vyApArI jahAja dvArA samudra pAra kara rahA thA para jahAja madhya samudra meM eka mUMgoM kI caTTAna ke cAroM ora bhaTaka gyaa| eka tote ne bacAva kA rAstA dikhAyA / unameM se eka ko marane ke lie taiyAra honA thA, parvata kI ora taira kara jAnA thA aura vahA~ bhAraNDa pakSiyoM ko vismita karanA thA / bhIma ne yaha kAma apane jimme liyA, jahAja kI rakSA kI para parvata para vaha akelA raha gyaa| sahAyaka tote ne use bhAgane kA rAstA btaayaa| usane svayaM ko samudra meM DAla diyA, eka machalI ne use nigala liyA jise mArakara vaha kinAre nikala aayaa| yaha laMkAdvIpa thaa| aneka sAhasika kAryoM ke bAda usane eka rAjya pAyA para kucha samaya bAda usakA parityAga kara diyA tAki zatrujaya ke eka zikhara raivata para muni bana raha sake / caudahaveM sarga meM pArzvanAtha kI kathA hai aura anta meM mahAvIra kI eka lambI bhaviSyavANI hai jisameM kaI prakAra ke aitihAsika avataraNa haiM jinakA artha abataka spaSTa nahIM ho pAyA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA eka dhanezvarasUri haiM jinake saMbaMdha meM kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne ise saurASTranareza zIlAditya (valabhI saM0 477 = 7-8 vIM zatI) ke anurodha para prastuta racanA likhI thii| para zatrujayamAhAtmya meM saM0 1199 se 1230 ke bIca rAjya karanevAle kumArapAla kA vRttAnta bhI AyA hai| isase yaha utanI prAcIna racanA nahIM hai| vAstava meM valabhI meM zIlAditya nAma ke 6 rAjA ho gaye haiM para jaina lekhaka eka hI zIlAditya kA ullekha karate haiN| dhanezvarasUri bhI kaI ho gaye haiN| sambhavataH ye dhanezvarasUri 13vI yA usake bAda kI zatAbdI meM hue lekhaka haiN|' 1. mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 145. 146 para TippaNa 138.

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362 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zatruJjayamAhAtmya para eka ajJAtakartRka vyAkhyA tathA ravikuzala ke ziSya devakuzalakRta bAlAvabodha TIkA saM0 1667 meM likhI milatI hai|' isI mAhAtmya kA saMkSipta rUpa saM0 1667 meM khambhAta ke mahIrAja ke putra RSabhadAsa ne zatruJjayoddhAra' nAma se likhA thA aura dhanezvarasUri kI kRti ko hI AdhAra banAkara zatruJjayamAhAtmyollekha kAvya 15 adhyAyoM meM sarala saMskRta gadya meM saM0 1782 meM haMsaratna ne likhA / haMsaratna tapAgaccha kI nAgapurIya zAkhA ke nyAyaratna ke ziSya the| ___ zatruJjayatIrtha ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie upakezagacchIya siddhasUri ke paTTadhara ziSya kakkasUri ne saM0 1392 meM zatruJjayamahAtIrthoddhAraprabandha' kI racanA kI hai| isakA aparanAma nAbhinandanoddhAraprabandha bhI hai| yaha eka aitihAsika mahattva kI racanA hai| isakA paricaya hama pahale de cuke haiN| etadviSayaka anya racanAoM meM jinaharSasUrikRta zatruJjayamAhAtmya', nayasundara kA saM0 1638 meM nirmita zatruJjayoddhAra tathA tapAgaccha ke vinayandhara ke ziSya vivekadhIragaNi dvArA saM0 1587 meM racita zatruJjayoddhAra aparanAma iSTArthasAdhaka ullekhanIya haiN| zatruJjayatIrtha sambandhI aneka kathAoM kA saMgraha zatrujayakathAkoza hai jo dharmaghoSasUrikRta zatruJjayakalpa para 12500 zloka-pramANa vRttirUpa meM zubhazIlagaNi ne saM0 1518 meM banAyA hai| zukarAjakathA-zatrujayatIrtha ke mAhAtmya ko eka aura rIti se prakaTa karane 1. jinarasnakoza, pR0 372. 2. vahI, pR0 373. 3. vahI, pR0 372. 4. vahI. 5. vahI. 6. vahI, pR0 373. 7. vahI; jaina bhAramAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1973. 8. vahI, pR0 301.

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kathA-sAhitya 363 ke lie zukarAjakathA' kI racanA bhI kucha AcAryoM ne kI hai| isameM kSitipratiSThitapura ke rAjakumAra zukarAja kI kathA hai jo vimalagiri para jAkara maMtrasAdhanakara zatru ko jItanevAlA - zatruJjaya ho gayA thA tabhI se ukta tIrtha kA nAma zatruJjaya par3a gayA : zukastatra gatvA'tra maMtrasAdhanena zatrunjayo'bhUditi mahotsavaM kRtvA vimalagireH zatruJjaya iti nAma prakhyApayAmAsa / kartA evaM racanAkAla - isakI racanA aJcalagacchIya merutuMga ke ziSya mANikyasundara ne 500 zlokoM meM kI hai| mANikyasundara bar3e acche kavi the / inakI anya racanAe~ catuH parvocampU, zrIdharacaritra ( saM0 1463), dharmadatta - kathAnaka, mahAbalamalaya sundarIcaritra, ajAputrakathA, AvazyakaTIkA, pRthvIcandracaritra (prAcIna gujarAtI, saM0 1478 ) aura guNavarmacaritra (saM0 1484) haiM / zukarAjakathA-viSayaka anya kRtiyA~ zubhazIlagaNi ( 16vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha) kRta tathA kucha ajJAtakartRka' bhI milatI haiM / sudarzanAcarita - bhar3auca ( bhRgukaccha ) ke zakunikAvihAra- jinAlaya ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie sudarzanA kI kathA para jJAtakartRka do prAkRta racanAe~, eka saMskRta racanA tathA eka ajJAtakartRka prAkRta racanA milI haiM / ajJAtakartRka prAkRta racanA kI hastalikhita prati saM0 1244 kI milI hai / kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki yahI pazcAdvartI kRtiyoM kA AdhAra rahI hai| dvitIya racanA bhI prAkRta meM hai / isake racayitA maladhArI devaprabhasUre (terahavIM zatI kA uttarArdha) haiN| yaha 1887 zloka-pramANa prantha hai / tRtIya racanA kA paricaya kathA ke sAtha de rahe haiM / caturtha racanA saMskRta meM kinhIM mANikyasUrikRta sudarzanAkathAnaka hai / sudaMsaNAcariya-- isakA dUsarA nAma zakunikAvihAra bhI hai / yaha eka prAkRta grantha hai jisameM kula milAkara 4002 gAthAe~ haiM / bIca-bIca meM zArdUlavikrIDita Adi chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| isameM ghanapAla, sudarzana, vijayakumAra, 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 386; haMsavijaya jaina phrI lAibrerI, granthAMka 20, saM0 1980. 2. vahI. 3. vahI, pR0 424.

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364 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zIlavatI, azvAvabodha, bhrAtA, dhAtrIsuta aura dhAtrI ye ATha adhikAra haiM jo 16 uddezoM meM vibhakta haiN| ___ sudarzanA siMhaladvIpa meM zrIpuranagara ke rAjA candragupta aura rAnI candralekhA kI putrI thii| par3ha-likhakara vaha bar3I viduSI aura kalAvatI ho gaI / eka bAra usane rAjasabhA meM jJAnanidhi purohita ke mata kA khaNDana kiyaa| dharmabhAvanA se prerita ho vaha bhRgukaccha kI yAtrA para gaI aura vahA~ usane munisuvrata tIrthakara kA mandira tathA zakunikAvihAra nAmaka jinAlaya kA nirmANa kraayaa| sudarzanA kA yaha caritra hiraNyapura ke seTha dhanapAla ne apanI patnI dhanazrI ko sunaayaa| kathA meM prasaMgavaza aneka strI-puruSoM ke tathA nAnA anya ghaTanAoM ke rocaka vRttAnta zAmila haiN| racayitA evaM racanAkAla--isake racayitA tapAgacchIya jagaccandrasUri ke ziSya devendrasUri haiN| kartA ne apane viSaya meM kahA hai ki ve citrApAlakagacchIya bhuvana . guru. unake ziSya devabhadra muni aura unake ziSya jagaJcandrasUri ke ziSya the| unake eka guru bhrAtA vijayacandra sUri ne isa grantha ke nirmANa meM sahAyatA dI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki devendra sUri ko gurjara rAjA kI anumatipUrvaka vastupAla maMtrI ke samakSa AbU para sUripada pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| devendrasUri ne vi0 saM0 1323 meM vidyAnanda ko sUripada pradAna kiyA thA tathA saM0 1327 meM svargavAsI hue the ataH isa kathAgrantha kI racanA isa samaya se pUrva huI hai| inake anya granthoM meM paJcanavyakarmagrantha saTIka, tIna AgamoM para bhASya, zrAddhadinakRtya savRtti tathA dAnAdikulaka milate haiN| ___ anya tIrthoM meM dakSiNa bhArata ke zravaNavelgola ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie gomaTezvaracaritra' nAmaka eka saMskRta racanA kA ullekha milatA hai / isI taraha madhya pradeza ke eka anya tIrtha suvarNAcala 'sonAgira' ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie devadatta dIkSita ne saM0 1845 meM svarNAcalamAhAtmya' kI racanA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 444, Atmavallabha grantha sirIja, balAda (ahamadAbAda) se san 1932 meM prakAzita; kathAgrantha kI anya vizeSatAoM ke lie dekheM-prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 561-566. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 111. 3. bAba choTelAla jaina smRtigrantha, pR0 115,

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kathA-sAhitya 365. kI hai| isake antima adhyAya meM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA itihAsa diyA gayA hai / girinAroddhAra' nAmaka eka anya racanA meM girinAra kA mAhAtmya varNita hai / bahuta se tIrthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya dene ke lie jinaprabhasUrikRta vividha - tIrthakA ( saM0 1364-89 ) prakAzita hai / isakA paricaya isa itihAsa ke caturtha bhAga meM diyA gayA hai / tithi - parva pUjA-stotraviSayaka kathAe~ : jaina vidvAnoM ne tapa, zIla, jJAna aura bhAvanA ke samAna tathA tIrthoM ke mAhAtmyoM ke samAna apane dharma yA sampradAya ke mAnya parvoM tathA puNya tithiyoM ke mAhAtmya ko batalAnevAle aneka kathAgrantha likhe haiM / isa pravRtti kA sUtrapAta 14-15vIM zatI se vizeSa huA hai para 16 - 17vIM zatAbdI meM etadviSayaka vizAla sAhitya kI sRSTi huI hai / yahA~ kucha racanAoM kA paricaya tathA anya kRtiyoM kA vistArabhaya se ullekha mAtra kareMge / pAzcAtya dezoM meM acchA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prArambha ho gayA hai / ataH ye upekssnniiy| ina kathAoM para bhI mananIya haiM, na ki jJAnapaMcamIkathA - kArtika zukla paMcamI ko jJAnapaMcamI aura saubhAgyapaJcamI nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa dina grantha ko paTTe para rakhakara pUjA, saMmArjana, lekhana Adi karanA cAhiye aura 'namo nANassa' kA 1000 jApa karanA cAhiye / isake mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie jJAnapaJcamIkathA, zrutapaJcamIkathA, kArtikazukla paJcamIkathA', saubhAgyapaJcamIkathA yA paJcamIkathA, varadattaguNamaJjarIkathA' tathA bhaviSyadattacaritra' nAma se anekoM kathAprantha likhe gaye haiN| 2 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 105. 2. vahI, pR0 148. 3. vahI, pR0 85. 4. vahI, pR0 226, 453. 5. vahI, pR0 341. 6. vahI, pR0 293.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa inameM sabase prAcIna nANapaJcamIkahAo' nAmaka grantha hai jisameM dasa kathAe~ saMkalita kI gaI haiM, ve haiM : jayaseNakahA, nandakahA, bhaddAkahA, vIrakahA, kamalAkahA, guNANurAgakahA, vimalakahA, dharaNakahA, devIkahA aura bhavissayattakahA / samasta racanA meM 2804 gAthAe~ haiM / isakI bhavissayatta kahA ke kathA- bIja ko lekara dhanapAla ne apabhraMza meM bhavitsayatta kahA yA sUyapaJcamIkahA nAmaka mahatvapUrNa kAvya likhA hai, aura usakA saMskRta rUpAntara metravijayagaNi ne bhaviSyadattacaritra nAma se prastuta kiyA hai| isake racayitA sajana upAdhyAya ke ziSya mahezvarasUri haiM / inake viSaya meM vizeSa kucha nahIM mAlUma hai / isa kRti kI sabase purAnI tADapatrIya prati vi0 saM0 1109 kI pATana ke saMghavI bhaNDAra se milI hai / isase anumAna hai ki yaha isase pUrva kI racanA hai| mahezvarasUri ko hI bhUla se mahendrasUri likhakara uktakatR ke bhaviSyadattakathA kI bhaviSyadattAkhyAna nAma se kucha pratiyA~ bhI milatI haiM / 366 terahavIM - caudahavIM sadI meM isa kathA ke viSaya meM saMskRta - prAkRta meM sambhavataH koI racanA nahIM kI gaI / pandrahavIM sadI meM zrIdhara nAmaka digambara vidvAn ne saMskRta meM bhaviSyadattacaritra' kI racanA kI jisakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1486 kI milI hai, isase yaha racanA avazya isa kAla se pUrva huI hai| sattarahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM upAdhyAya padmasundara ne bhI eka bhaviSyadattacarita' kI racanA kArtika sudI 5 saM0 1614 meM kI thI / isI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM tapAgacchIya kanakakuzala ne kArtika zukla paJcamI ke dina jJAnazruta kA mAhAtmya sUcita karane ke lie eka kor3hI varadatta aura gUMgI guNamaMjarI kI kathA bar3e rocaka rUpa meM nibaddha kI hai jise varadattaguNamaMjarIkathA, guNamaMjarIkathA, saubhAgyapaMcamIkathA, jJAnapaMcamIkathA aura kArtikazukla paMcamImAhAtmyakathA nAma se kahA gayA / kucha vidvAn ina vibhinna nAmoM se vibhinna kRtiyA~ mAna baiThe haiM para yaha bhrama hai / kanakakuzala kI yaha kRti 152 zlokoM meM hai aura saM0 1655 meM 1. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 25, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, saM0 2005. 2. anekAnta, jUna 1941, pR0 350. ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana meM saM0 1615 kI hastalikhita prati; jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 396.

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kathA-sAhitya 367 racI gaI thii| kanakakuzala aneka laghukAya granthoM ke lekhaka the jinakA ullekha kara cuke haiN| isa kathA ko lekara mANikyacandra ke ziSya dAnacandra ne bhI saM0 1700 meM jJAnapaMcamIkathA ( varadatta-guNamaMjarIkathA) kA nirmANa kiyA / aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha graMthakAra evaM kavi upAdhyAya meghavijaya (vi0 saM0 17091760) ne zrutapaMcamI-mAhAtmya para 2042 padyoM kA bhaviSyadattacarita' likhA jo 21 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| isameM padyoM ke bIca-bIca meM hitopadeza, paMcataMtra Adi granthoM se subhASita uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| ise anuprAsa, yamakAdi zabdAlaMkAroM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| meghavijaya upAdhyAya kA paricaya aura unakI kRtiyoM kA ullekha kaI prasaGgoM meM kiyA jA cukA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne ise dhanapAlakRta 2000 gAthA-pramANa apabhraMza bhavisattakahA (22 saMdhiyA~) kA saMskRta rUpAntara mAnA hai| unnIsavIM sadI meM kharataragacchIya kSamAkalyANa upAdhyAya (saM0 1829-65) ne jJAnapaMcamI ke mAhAtmya para saMskRta gadyapadyamaya saubhAgyapaMcamI kathA rcii| isakA padyabhAga to kanakakuzalakRta etadviSayaka racanA se liyA hai aura gadya svayaM racA hai| kSamAkalyANa dvArA racita anya vratakathAe~ bhI milatI haiM : akSayatRtIyAkathA, merutrayodazIkathA, maunaekAdazIkathA, rohiNIkathA Adi / etadviSayaka anya racanAoM meM jinaharSakRta (ajJAtasamaya ), pArzvacandrakRta, sundaragaNikRta, maMjusUrikRta, muktivimalakRta (vi0 saM0 1969 meM 102 saMskRta padyoM meM) tathA kaI ajJAtakatRka kRtiyA~ milatI haiN| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 1.8. 2. himmata granthamAlA, aMka 1 meM paM0 maphatalAla jhaveracandra gAMdhI dvArA ___ sampAdita, gujarAtI anuvAda-ahamadAbAda se prakAzita. 3. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 441 para TippaNa. 4. jinaratnakosa, pR0 85, 148, 226, 341. 5. dayAvimala granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda.

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368 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rohiNyazokacandra nRpakathA-isake apara nAma haiM : rohiNeyakathAnaka, rohiNIvratakathA yA rohiNItapamAhAtmya / ' isameM rohiNIvrata ke mAhAtmya ke sambandha meM kathA dI gaI hai| rohiNI nakSatroM meM cauthA hai aura pratyeka mAha meM jaba yaha candramA se saMpRkta hotA hai usa dina mahilAe~ upavAsakara subaha-zAma pratikramaNa karatI hai| yaha vrata 14 varSa aura 14 mAha calatA hai| isa vrata ko gujarAta meM striyA~ hI karatI haiM para isa kathA meM strI-puruSa donoM ke pAlane kA vidhAna hai tathA use 7 varSa 7 mAha taka pAlane ko kahA hai| isakI racanA tapAgacchIya vijayasenasUri ke ziSya somakuzalagaNi ke ziSya kanakakuzalagaNi ne saM0 1656 meM kI thii| kanakakuzala anya aneka laghukAya kRtiyoM ke racayitA haiN| pauSadazamIkathA-pauSa mahIne kI kRSNa dazamI ke dina bha0 pArzvanAtha kA janmakalyANa hai| usa dina ke vrata kA mAhAtmya sUcana karane ke lie seTha sUradatta kI kathA kahI gaI hai| vaha anya matAvalambI thA aura durbhAgyavaza usako sArI nidhi kho jAne se vaha daridra ho gayA thaa| usane pauSa kRSNa dazamI ke dina pArzvanAtha kA ArAdhana kara punaH sArI nidhi pA lI thii| isa kathAnaka' para kisI jinendrasAgarakRta', dayAvimala ke ziSya muktivimalakRta' (saM0 1971) aura eka ajJAtakartRka racanA milatI haiN| muktivimala kI racanA saMskRta gadya meM likhI gaI hai| bIca-bIca meM usameM aneka saMskRta padya uddhRta haiN| mestrayodazIkathA-mAghakRSNa trayodazI ko merutrayodazI kahate haiN| isa dina paMca meru parvatoM kI choTI AkRti banAkara pUjane meM jo phala hotA hai usakA mAhAtmya rAjA anantavIrya aura rAnI prItimatI ke putra pAMgula kI paMgutA haTa jAne dvArA batalAyA gayA hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 334; jaina bhAtmAnanda sabhA (granyAMka 36), bhAva nagara, saM0 1971, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1912; isa kathA kA pUrA anuvAda aura vivaraNa helena ema0 jonasana ne amerikana moriyaNTala sosAiTI kI patrikA ke bhAga 68, pR0 168-175 para prakAzita kiyA hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR. 257. 3. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, banArasa se prakAzita-parvakathAsaMgraha, bhAga 1, vIra saM0 2436. 4. dayAvimala jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1918-19.

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kathA-sAhitya 369 isa kathAnaka ko lekara eka racanA kharataragacchIya amRtadharma ke ziSya kSamAkalyANa ne saM0 1860 meM', dUsarI labdhivijaya' tathA tIsarI muktivimala (vi0 saM0 1971 mAgha zukla paMcamI) ne banAI hai| do ajJAtakartRka racanAe~ bhI milatI haiM | muktivimala kI racanA meM prazastipadyasahita 322 padya haiM / sugandhadazamIkathA-bhAdrapada zukla 10vIM ko sugandhadazamI kahate haiM / usa dina vrata rakhane, dhUpa Adi se pUjA karane se zArIrika kuSThavyAdhi, durgandhi Adi roga dUra bhAga jAte haiN| isa vrata ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie saMskRta, apabhraMza aura dezI bhASAoM meM aneka racanAe~ upalabdha haiN| unameM se eka saMskRta meM 161 zlokoM meM nibaddha hai| isameM tilakamatI nAmaka vaNika putrI kI kathA hai jo apane pUrvajanma meM muni ko kar3avI tumbI kA AhAra dekara aneka durgatiyoM meM gaI aura isa vrata ke prabhAva se sugati paaii| tilakamatI kI vimAtA ke kapaTaprabandha kI yojanA ne isa kahAnI ko bar3A kautukavardhaka banA diyA hai| isake racayitA aneka vratakathAoM aura tattvArthavRtti Adi granthoM ke lekhaka zrutasAgara haiM jo vidyAnandi bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the| inakA paricaya anyatra de cuke haiN| inakA samaya saM0 1513-30 ke bIca anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / sugandhadazamIkathA para eka ajJAtakartRka racanA bhI milatI hai / " holikAvyAkhyAna-yaha gadyAtmaka saMskRta meM hai| isake racayitA abhidhAnarAjendra ke saMkalayitA AcArya vijayarAjendrasUri haiN| isameM phAlguna sudI pakSa meM 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 315; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1919. 2. jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1917. 3. dayAvimala granthamAlA, jamanAbhAI bhagubhAI, ahamadAbAda, 1919. 4. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se vi0 saM0 2021 meM prakAzita evaM DA. hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita sugandhadazamI (apabhraMza) kathA ke sAtha pR030-48 meM hindI anuvAda sahita. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 444. 1. rAjendrasUri smRti-grantha, pR. 92-94, rAjendrapravacana kAryAlaya, khuDAlA se prakAzita.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa azlIlatApUrNa DhaGga se manAye jAnevAle holI parva kI utpatti jainamAnyatA ke anusAra kisa prakAra aura kaise huI hai, dI gaI hai| ukta AcArya kI kathAtmaka racanAoM meM dIpamAlikAkathA ( saMskRta gadya ) aura paMcAkhyAnakathAsAra bhI milate haiN| inakI anya 60 ke lagabhaga racanAe~ bhI milatI haiN|| holI ke parva para anya racanAoM meM rajaHparvakathA (holirajaHparvakathA) tathA jinasundara, zubhakaraNa, kSamAkalyANa, mAladeva, mANikyavijaya, puNyasAgara evaM phattendrasAgara Adi kRta hutAzinIkathA evaM holikAparvakathAe~ milatI haiN| stotrakathAe~-vrato, tIrthoM, paryoM evaM pUjA ke mAhAtmya-varNana kI bhA~ti hI aneka pramukha stotroM ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie stotrakathAe~ bhI likhI gaI haiN| ____bhaktAmarakathA-isa nAma kI kRtiyA~ kaI lekhakoM kI milI haiN| unameM sarvaprathama rudrapallIyagaccha ke guNAkara aparanAma guNasundarasUrikRta kathA' hai jisakA racanAsamaya saM0 1426 hai| isameM 44 padyoM meM se kucha padyoM ke mAhAtmya para 26 kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| dUsarI kathAkRti brahma rAyamallakRta hai jise unhoMne saM0 1667 meM likhA thaa| eka anya bhaktAmarastotracaritra vizvabhUSaNakRta upalabdha hai| vizvabhUSaNa anantabhUSaNa ke ziSya the| eka ajJAtakartRka bhaktAmarastotramaMtrakathA kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / / uvasaggaharaprabhAvakathA-isameM prasiddha stotra uvasaggahara ke mAhAtmya kA varNana karane ke lie tapAgacchIya sudhAbhUSaNa ke ziSya jinaharSari ne kathAe~ likhI 1. jinarasnakoza, pR0 326. 2. vahI, pR0 162. 3. vahI, pR. 165. 4. vahI, pR0 290, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, pranyAMka 70, bambaI, saM0 1988. 5. vahI, pR0 288-289. 6. vahI, pR. 289.

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kathA-sAhitya haiN| isakI prAcInatama prati kA lekhanasaM0 1539 diyA gayA hai / isa sambandha meM unhoMne priyaMkara nRpa kI kathA kA ullekha kiyA hai| RSimaNDalastotragatakathA-isakA ullekha mAtra milatA hai| namaskArakathA-paMca NamokAra maMtra para saMskRta zlokoM meM namaskArakathA, namaskAraphaladRSTAnta' Adi racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / tithivrata, parva evaM pUjAviSayaka anya kathAe~: granthanAma lekhaka kA nAma akSayatRtIyAkathA' kanakakuzala ( 17vIM kA uttarArdha), kSamAkalyANa ( 19vIM zatI) evaM ajJAtakatRka akSayavidhAnakathA zrutasAgara ( 16vIM kA pUrvArdha) anantavratakathA anantacaturdazIpUjAkathA ajJAta anantavratavidhAnakathA ajJAta aSTaprakArapUjAkathA (pUjASTaka ) candraprabha mahattara (saM0 1481) -10 (pUjASTaka) __11 (pUjASTaka) ajJAta (prAkRta, 1000 granthAna) aSTAhnikAkathA12 anantahaMsa (16vIM kA uttarArdha), surendrakIrti, hariSeNa, kSamAkalyANa ( 19vIM zatI) AkAzapaJcamIkathA13 zrutasAgara (16vIM kA pUrvArdha), ajJAta 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 54-55. 2. vahI, pR0 61. 3. vahI, pR0 201.202. 4. vahI, pR0 1, kSamAkalyANakRta-hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1917 meM prakAzita. 5. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 462. 6-8. jinarasnakoza, pR0 7. 1-11. vahI, pR0 18. 12.13. vahI, pR0 10. ajJAta

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa granthanAma lekhaka kA nAma AdityavratakathA' ( ravivratakathA ) zrutasAgara (16vIM kA pUrvAdha), bhAnukIrti, ajJAta udyotapaMcamIkathA ajJAta, TIkAkAra kanakakuzala (17vIM kA uttarArdha) ekAdazIvratakathA ajJAta (137 prAkRta gAthAe~) catuHparvakathA' mANikyasundara evaM ajJAtakartRka caturmAsaparvakathA' ajJAtakatRka cAturmAsikaparvakathA bhAvaprabhasUri (saM0 1782) cAturmAsikaparvavyAkhyAna kSamAkalyANa (19vIM zatI), samayasuMdara (saM0 1665) cAturmAsikavyAkhyAna dharmamandiragaNi (saM0 1749), 500 granthAna candanaSaSThI bra0 zrutasAgara jinapUjASTakaviSayakathA ajJAta (prAkRta) jina mukhAvalokanavratakathA (ajJAta) caitrapUrNimAkathA amaracandra, TIkA jIvarAja, saM0 1869 dazaparvakathA3 ( dazaparvakathAsaMgraha) kSamAkalyANa dIpamAlikAkathA dIpotsavakathA5 tribhuvanakIrti dvAdazaparvakathA16 ajJAta nandIzvarakathA" ( aSTAhnikA yA bra0 nemicandra, zubhacandra - siddhacakrakathA) niHduHkhasaptamI (nirdoSasaptamI) zrutasAgara 1. vahI, pR028 bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 163, 290, 443. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 46. 3. vahI, pR0 61. 4.5. vahI, pR0 113. 6-8. vahI, pR0 122. 9. vahI, pR0 118. 10. vahI, pR0 135. 11. vahI, pR0 135. 12. vahI, pR0 168. 13-15. vahI, pR0 175. 16. vahI, pR0 184. 17. vahI, pR0 200, 210; bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0. 374. 18. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 174.

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kathA-sAhitya 373 granthanAma parvakathA' parvakathA ( caitrIvyAkhyAna) parvakathAsaMgraha palyavidhAnavratopAkhyAnakathA puSpAMjalIkathA' bhAnusaptamIkathA muktAvalikathA meghamAlA mevamAlAvatAkhyAna merupaMktikathA merutrayodazIvyAkhyAna mArgazIrSaekAdazI maunaekAdazIkathA12 lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta (prAkRta) ajJAta (saMskRta) vijayalakSmIkRta upadezaprAsAda kA eka aMza, 8 parvo kI kathA zrutasAgara (16vIM zatI) zrutasAgara (16vIM zatI) ajJAta matisAgara ajJAta, zrutasAgara ajJAta zrutasAgara kSamAkalyANa ( saM0 1860) ravisAgara, saubhAgyanandi, dhIravijayagaNi, dhanacandra, kSamAkalyANa guNacandrAcArya maunavratakathA3 ratnatrayavidhAnakathA ratnatrayavratakathA5 rakSAbandhanakathA (viSNukumAra __ kathA) rAtribhojanatyAgakathA" lakSaNapaMktikathA bratakathAkoza sakalakIrti bra0 nebhidatta, hemasena, ba0 jinadAsa devendrakIrti, dharmacandra, malliSeNa, zrutasAgara 5-3. jinaratnakoza, pR. 240. 4. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 174. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 294. 6. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 451. 7-8. jinaratnakoza, pR0 315. 9. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 175. 10. jinaratnakoza, pR. 315. 11. vahI, pR0 307. 12-13. vahI, pR0 316. 14-15. vahI, pR0 327. 16. vahI, pR0 329. 17. vahI, pR0 331. 18. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 175. 19. jinaratnakoza, pR. 368.

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374 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa granthanAma lekhaka kA nAma zaradutsavakathA bhaTTAraka siMhanandi zravaNadvAdazIkathA' zrutasAgara SoDazakAraNakathA zrutasAgara saptadazaprakArakathA' mANikyasundara siddhacakrakathA zubhacandra, ajJAta parIkathAe~: vikamAdityaviSayaka kathAnaka-vi0 saM0 1200 se 1500 ke bIca tIna sau varSoM meM vikramAditya kI paramparA ko lekara jaina kaviyoM ne bahuvidha sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| vi0 saM0 1200 se pUrva jaina sAhitya meM vikrama ke ullekha bahuta hI thor3e mile haiN| yadyapi usake nagara ujjayinI kA prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM pracura pramANa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| vikrama sambandhI jaina paramparA kA udgamasUtra siddhasena divAkara dvArA racita mAnI gaI eka gAthA hai jisameM siddhasena vikamAditya se kaha rahe haiM ki '1199 varSa bItane para tumhAre jaisA hI eka rAjA (kumArapAla) hogaa| yaha gAthA avazya hI kisI ne kumArapAla kI dAnazIlatA aura asIma dayA viSayaka kIrti phailane ke bAda hI racI hogii| pratIta hotA hai ki isase pUrvavartI kAla meM atIta jaina rAjAoM meM vikrama ko nahIM sammilita kiyA gayA kyoMki vaha eka avivekI nRpa thA, aise sAhasika kArya karatA thA jisameM usake zatruoM kA nirmama vadha citrita hai| isalie vaha udAra evaM dhArmika rAjAoM kI paMkti meM na A skaa| parantu vikrama ke svabhAva kA eka pakSa aura thA aura vaha thA apane sAhasika kAryoM dvArA niHspRha bhAva se janasevA krnaa| yaha uddezya sacce jaina nareza ke AdarzoM se pUrNa saMgati khAtA hai / vikrama sAdhAraNa vyakti ke lie bhI, cAhe vaha usakA ghora zatru hI kyoM na ho, apanA sarvasva yahA~ taka ki jIvana balidAna dene ke lie taiyAra rahatA thaa| isake atirikta vaha udAttacittavAlA nareza thA jisameM asIma karuNA bharI thii| 1. vahI, pR0 378. 2. bhadhAraka sampradAya, pR0 174. 3. jinaralakoza, pR. 405. 1. vahI, pR. 415. 5. vahI, pR. 426. 6. punne vAsasahasse sayammi varisANa navanavai mhie| hohi kumaranarindo tuha vikamarAya sAriccho ||-prbndhcintaamnni, pRSTha 8, padya .

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kathA-sAhitya ___ kumArapAla ke udaya ke bAda usake jaise nareza vikramAditya ke ukta pakSa ne jaina kaviyoM ko AkarSita kiyA aura use parama dAnI tathA anekavidha alaukika zaktiyoM kA puJa mAna liyA / dAna ke lie use suvarNapuruSa kI prApti tathA alaukika kAryoM ke lie agnivetAla kI siddhi kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| kumArapAla kI mRtyu ke sau varSa bAda to use eka Adarza jaina nareza hI mAna liyA gyaa| saM0 1200 ke bAda vikrama ko dRSTAntarUpa upasthita karanevAlA grantha hai somaprabhAcArya kA kumArapAlapratibodha (saM0 1241) jisameM vikrama ke parapurapraveza kI nindA tathA usake paropakAra-dayAbhAvoM kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki usane suvarNapuruSa ke kAraNa yAcakoM ko sukhI tathA bhinna RddhiyoM dvArA prajA kI unnati kI thii| isake bAda prabhAcandra ke 'prabhAvakacarita' (saM0 1334 ) meM aneka bAteM kahI gaI haiM jaise bhUgupura ( bhar3auca) tIrtha kA uddhAra, vAyaTa meM mahAvIra ninAlaya kA nirmANa, siddhasena ko dharmalAbha kahane para eka karor3a rupaye denA Adi / mestuMga ne 'prabandhacintAmaNi' (saM0 1361) meM vikrama ke lie sarvaprathama eka svataMtra prabandha likhA hai| jisameM use janma se daridra tathA bAlyakAla meM rAjya se niSkAsita tathA pIche usakI rAjyaprApti, camatkAra Adi kI bAteM dI gaI haiN| jinaprabhasUri ke vividhatIrthakalpa (saM0 1365-1390) meM yadyapi vikrama kA jIvanavRtta nahIM diyA gayA para vividha prasaGgoM meM use jainadharma prasAraka batalAyA gayA hai| isI taraha rAnazekhara ke 'prabandhakoza' (saM0 1405) meM vikramAditya kA svataMtrarUpa se jIvanavRtta to nahIM diyA gayA para usake aneka jIvana prasaGgoM ko saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| isameM vikramAditya ke putra vikramasena kI kathA ke prasaMga meM cAra puttalikAoM kI kathA dI gaI hai jinameM tIna to kathAsaritsAgara meM varNita 'vetAlapaJcaviMzati' kI kathA se mela khAtI haiN| prabandhasAhitya meM vikramAditya ke laghucaritra ke sAtha vizeSarUpa se aneka lokakathAe~ gUMthI gaI haiN| 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekheM-vikrama volyUma, siMdhiyA prAcya pariSad, ujjaina se san 1948 meM prakAzita, pR0 137-670 meM hari dAmodara velaMkara kA lekha 'vikramAditya ina jaina TreDizana' / ukta grantha meM vikamAditya kI aitihAsikatA para bhaneka mahatvapUrNa lekha haiN|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yAtrA aura agnisvarNapuruSa kI prApti; 1. vikramacarita - vikramAditya ke caritra kA svataMtra evaM sarvAgINa jaina rUpAntara sarvaprathama devamUrti upAdhyAyakRta vikramacaritra ( saMskRta ) meM dikhAI par3atA hai / isameM 14 sarga haiM jinameM vibhinna chandoM meM 4820 padya haiM / ina sargoM meM kramazaH 94, 132, 200, 685, 244, 290, 223, 249, 159, 339, 682, 140, 242 aura 1140 padya haiN| prathama sarga meM vikrama kA janma aura bAlyakAla; dUsare meM vikrama kI rohaNAgiri kI betAla kI prApti tathA avanti kA rAjya pAnA; tIsare meM caturtha meM paJcadaNDa chatra kI prApti; pA~caveM meM dvAdazAvarta vandana kI jaina kathAe~; chaThe meM vikrama kA usa rAjakumArI ke pAsa jAnA jo usa puruSa se vivAha karanA cAhatI hai jo rAtri meM use cAra kahAniyA~ sunAkara jAyagA; sAtaveM meM vikrama aura siddhasena kI kathA, AThaveM meM rAjakumArI haMsAvalI se vivAha; navama meM vikrama dvArA parapurapraveza vidyA; dazama meM ratnacUDa kI kathA; gyArahaveM meM vikrama kI vibhinna zaktiyoM sambandhI kathAe~; bArahaveM meM kIrtistambha banAne sambandhI vibhinna kahAniyA~; terahaveM meM vikrama aura zAlivAhana tathA caudahaveM meM vikramasena aura siMhAsana sambandhI battIsa kathAe~ varNita haiM / 376 uparyukta vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki devamUrti ne vikrama sambandhI una sabhI lokakathAoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai jo usake pahale jaina paramparA ko jJAta thIM / sAtha hI usane vikrama ke jIvana vRttacitra ko pUrNa karane ke lie pA~ca ke lagabhaga adhyAya aura bhI jor3a diye haiM / isa kAvya meM vikrama ko pakke bhakta jaina nareza ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai aura zrAvaka ke lie batalAye gaye sabhI vratoM ko pAlana karanevAlA tathA apane pratyeka sAhasika kArya para jaina tIrthaMkara yA devI-devatAoM kI pUjA karanevAlA dikhalAyA gayA hai| isa taraha dhArmika jaina narezoM ke bIca vikrama kA sthAna devamUrti ne antima rUpa se surakSita kara diyA hai aura prAyaH jaina pAThAntaravAlI siMhAsana sambandhI 32 kathAoM ko bhI usake jIvana ke sAtha jor3a diyA hai para unheM siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA ke rUpa meM nahIM kahA hai / ina kathAoM meM usane yatra tatra kucha parivartana bhI kiyA hai / vikramAdityasambandhI jaina kathAoM meM eka adbhuta kathA paMcadaNDacchatra kI kathA hai / yadyapi jaina prabandhoM ( prabandhacintAmaNi Adi ) meM isakA ullekha nahIM 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 349; isakI hastalikhita prati hemacandrAcArya jJAnamandira, meM upalabdha hai 1 pATana

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kathA-sAhitya 377 kiyA gayA parantu kaI jaina lekhakoM ne isa para svataMtra racanAe~ likhI haiN|' devamUrti ne isa kathA ko apane kAvya ke cauthe sarga meM diyA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA devamUrti haiM jo kAsadrahagaccha ke devacandrasUri ke ziSya haiN| isakI racanA saM0 1471 yA 1475 ke lagabhaga kI gaI hai / inakI anya racanA rohiNeyakathA bhI milatI hai| 2. vikramacarita-vikramAditya ke sambandha meM pracalita lokakathAoM ke saMgraharUpa meM zubhazIlagaNikRta dvitIya racanA milatI hai| yaha 12 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta racanA hai jisameM kula milAkara 5897 zloka haiN| yaha sarala varNanAtmaka zailI meM likhI gaI hai| isameM devamUrti kI pUrva racanA ke anusAra hI vikrama kA pUrNa jIvanavRtta dene kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| donoM kRtiyoM meM aneka prAkRta aura apabhraMza padya prakSipta haiN| ___ isa kAvya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM devamUrti kI racanA ke samAna siMhAsana sambandhI battIsa kathAe~ nahIM dI gaI haiM parantu prabandhakoza ke samAna kevala cAra kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| isameM vikramAditya ke putra kA nAma devakumAra apara nAma vikramasena diyA gayA hai| isake navama sarga meM paMcadaNDacchatra kI kathA dI gaI hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA tapAgacchIya munisundarasUri ke ziSya zubhazIlagaNi haiN| ye aneka granthoM ke lekhaka haiN| inakA paricaya hama pahale de cuke haiN| prastuta vikramacaritra kI racanA saM0 1499 meM kI gaI thii|3 1. isa para kisI jainetara lekhaka kI racanA prApta nahIM hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR. 350; hemacandrAcArya granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, saM0 1981, do bhAgoM meM prakAzita. 3. ina granthoM kI tIna hastalikhita pratiyoM meM racanAsaMvat 1499 diyA gayA hai : nidhAnanidhisinvindavatsarAt vikramArkataH / / zubhazIlayatizcakre caritraM vikramoSNagoH // para vIra upAzraya ke jJAnabhaNDAravAlI prati meM saM0 1990 diyA gayA hai : zrImadvikramakAlAcca khaMnidhi ratnasaMjJake ( 1490) / varSe mAghe site pakSe zuklacAturdazIdine // puSye ravau stambhatIrthe zubhazIlena pnndditaa| vidadhe racitaM hyetat vikramArkasya bhUpateH / /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa anya vikramacaritroM meM paM0 somasUrikRta ( granthAna 6000 ) tathA saMskRta gadya meM sAdhuratna ke ziSya rAjamerukRta kA aura zrutasAgarakRta vikramaprabandhakathA kA ullekha milatA hai| vikramAditya kI paJcadaNDacchatra kI kathA pazcima bhArata ke jaina lekhakoM ko ati rocaka lagI hai aura isa prasaMga ko lekara unhoMne kaI kRtiyA~ likhI haiN| isa prasaMga para jainetara lekhakoM kI koI bhI kRti nahIM milI hai| isI taraha vikrama sambandhI siMhAsana kI battIsa kathAoM aura vetAlapaMcaviMzatikathA para bhI jainoM ne svataMtra grantha likhe haiN| __ paMcadaNDacchatrakathA-kathA isa prakAra hai : eka samaya rAjA vikrama ujjainI ke bAjAra se jA rahA thA ki usake naukaroM ne dAminI nAdUgaranI kI dAsI ko pITA, isase nArAja hokara dAminI ne apanI jAdU kI char3I ( abhedya daNDa ) se bhUmi para tIna rekhAe~ khIca dI jo rAste ko rokakara tIna dIvAloM ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gii| rAjA kI senA bhI unheM girA na sktii| taba rAjA dUsare mArga se mahala meM gyaa| rAjA ne dAminI ko bulAyA to usane batalAyA ki ina dIvAloM ko rAjA tabho haTA sakatA hai jaba vaha usake pA~ca AdezoM ko pUrA kara pA~ca jAdU kI char3iyA~ (daNDa) pA le / rAjA ne svIkAra kara liyaa| isa taraha usake alaga-alaga pA~ca AdezoM se use pA~ca jAdU ke daNDa mila gaye jinase vaha una dIvAloM ko tor3a skaa| yaha jAna indra ne eka siMhAsana bhejA jisameM paMcadaNDoM para eka chatra lagA thaa| rAjA usa para eka zubha dina meM baitthaa| isa kathA para svataMtra prathama racanA paJcadaNDAtmakavikramacaritra hai jisakI racanA saM0 1290 yA 1294 batalAyI jAtI hai para isake kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai| dUsarI racanA pUrNacandrasUri kI hai jo saMskRta gadya meM hai| isakA racanA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 350. 2. bhaoNla iNDiyA oriyaNTala kaoNnphareMsa ke san 1959 ke vivaraNa pR0 131 prabhRti meM prakAzita somAbhAI pArekha kA lekha Some Works on ____ the Folk-tale of paMcadaNDacchatra by Jain Authors. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 224; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 611 para TippaNa. 4 jinaratnakoza, pR. 224, 350.

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kathA-sAhitya 309. kAla 15vIM zatI kA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai / isakA vikramapaJcadaNDaprabaMdha yA vikramAdityapaJcadaNDacchatraprabaMdha nAma se bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isakA granthAgra 400 hai / tIsarI racanA sAdhupUrNimAgaccha ke abhayacandra ke ziSya rAmacandra ne 550. zlokoM meM saM0 1490 meM likhI hai / ' yaha anuSTup chanda meM banAyI gaI hai aura pA~ca sargoM meM vibhakta hai / ise yadyapi vikramacaritra nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai para isameM vikrama dvArA prApta kevala paJcadaNDacchatra ( siMhAsana para pA~ca daNDoM para lage) kI ghaTanA kA varNana hai / isameM nagaroM, AbhUSaNoM, khAdya sAmagrI Adi ke 1 lambe varNana haiM / yaha paravartI aneka prAcIna gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI meM racita kRtiyoM kA Adarza rahI hai / paJcadaNDacchatrakathA devamUrtikRta vikramacaritra ke caturtha sarga meM tathA zubhazIlakRta vikramacaritra ke navama sarga meM bhI varNita hai / paJcadaNDacchatraprabaMdha nAma kI do ajJAtakatR ke racanAe~ bhI lagabhaga 15vIM zatI kI milI haiN| donoM saMskRta gadya meM haiN| eka racanA dAminI nAdUgaranI ke Adeza ke sthAna meM pA~ca kAryoM meM vibhakta hai / dUsarI meM prArambha meM hI vikramAditya-utpattiprabandha nAma se eka choTA prabandha diyA gayA hai jo sambhavataH kAlakAcAryakathA se liyA gayA hai| prAkRta meM eka paJcadaNDapurANa kA ullekha milatA hai|' eka ajJAtakatR ka paJcadaNDakathA kI bhI sUcanA dI gaI hai / " vikramAditya ke caritra se sambaddha vetAla ke kathArUpa ghaTanA tathA vikramAditya ke siMhAsana para usake putra ke putalikAoM dvArA praznAtmakarUpa se kahI gaI kahAniyoM ke 3. vahI, saMkhyA 1780. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 224. 5. vahI. paccIsa 1. vahI; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1912, zIrSaka 'paMcadaNDAtmakaM vikramacaritram ; pro0 e0 vebara ne ise jarmana bhASA meM prastAvanA ke sAtha romana lipi meM barlina se 1877 meM prakAzita kiyA hai I 2. hastalikhita prati - hemacandrAcArya jJAnamandira, pATana, saMkhyA 1782. baiThane ke prasaMga ko praznoM kI pUrva 32 lekara bhI

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380 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jaina kaviyoM kI racanAe~ milatI haiN| ye donoM prasaMga eka prakAra kI parIkathAe~ haiN| vetAlapaJcaviMzikA-vikramAditya ke camatkArI jIvanavRtta ke sAtha vetAla kI paccIsa kathAe~ bahuta prAcIna kAla se jur3I A rahI haiN| ukta kathAoM para eka jaina racanA bhI milI hai jisake racayitA tapAgacchIya kuzalapramoda ke praziSya evaM vivekapramoda ke ziSya siMhapramoda haiN|' isakI racanA saM0 1602 meM huI thii| isakI prAcInatama prati saM0 1620 kI milA hai / siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA-granthAna 1100 pramANa isa saMskRta kAvya kI racanA tapAgacchIya devasundarasUri ke ziSya kSemaMkaragaNi ne kI thii| isakA racanAsaMvat to jJAta nahIM para koI prAcInatama prati saM0 1478 kI tathA dUsarI saM0 1514 kI milI hai| dUsarI racanA saMskRta gadya meM hai| isake racayitA samayasundara haiM / isakI prAcIna prati saM0 1724 kI milI hai / 3 siddhasena divAkara nAma se kalpita eka ukta nAma kI kRti kA ullekha milatA hai aura isI taraha eka ajJAtakartRka kA bhI / ' devamUrtikRta vikramacaritra ke caudahaveM sarga meM 1140 padyoM meM siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA kI kathA dI gaI hai| isakA granthAna jinaratnakoza meM 6266 diyA gayA hai jo ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sampUrNa vikramacarita kA hI granthAna 5300 batalAyA gayA hai| vikramAditya ke samAna hI pratyekabuddha ambaDa ke sAtha bhI aneka camatkArI kathAoM ke jAla jaina kaviyoM ne banAkara kaI ambaDacaritoM kI racanA kI hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 365. 2. vahI, pR0 436. 3. vahI. 4. vahI. 5. siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA ke jaina rUpAntaroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate hue aura jenetara rUpoM se antara batalAte hue amerikana vidvAn phreMkalina eDagaraTana ne 'vikramsa eDaveMcarsa' nAmaka bRhad grantha kA praNayana kiyA hai-hAravarDa o0 sirIja, 26.

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kathA-sAhitya 381. ambaDakathA-terahavIM zatAbdI meM muniratnasUrikRta saMskRta gadya-padyamaya racanA' meM ambaDa ke sAtha dI gaI kathAoM meM hama vikrama kI paJcadaNDacchatra, siMhAsanabattIsI tathA vetAlapaMcaviMzikA kI kathAe~ jur3I pAte haiN| sambhavataH 14-15vIM zatAbdI meM racita vikramAditya sambandhI ukta kathA racanAoM meM muniratnasUrikRta ambaDacarita kA bar3A prabhAva ho / ' isa kathAgrantha meM ambaDa ko gorakhayoginI ke sAta Adeza pAla kara dhana, vidyA, Rddhi-siddhi prApta karate dekhate haiM, jaise vikramAditya dAminI jAdUgarina ke pA~ca AdezoM ke pAlana se camatkArI paJcadaNDacchatra pAtA hai| muniratnasUri ne do padyoM meM isa bAta ko vyakta bhI kiyA hai / bhoja-muMjakathA-vikramAditya ke janAkhyAna ke samAna hI jaina kaviyoM ne rAjA muMja aura bhoja ko bhI apanI janAkhyAnapriyatA kA viSaya banAyA hai| vikramAditya sambandhI siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA kathAoM ko bhoja kI kathA se hI 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 15; satyavijaya granthamAlA, granthAMka 11, san 1928; isakA gujarAtI anuvAda 'ambaDa vidyAdhara rAsa' nAma se vAcaka maMgalamANikya ne saM0 1639 meM tathA isakA sampAdana pro0 balavantarAva ThAkora ne san 1953 meM kiyaa| 2. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava grantha (1968 I.) meM pR0 117 123 meM prakAzita somAbhAI pArekha kA gujarAtI lekha 'AmbaDakathAnA Antara pravAho' / isa lekha meM kathA kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa hai| 3. yatpuryAmujjayinyAM sucaritavijayI vikramAdityarAjA vaitAlo yasya tuSTaH kanakanaramadAdviSTaraM putrikAzriH / asminnArUDha evaM nijazirasi dadhau paJcadaNDAta patram ke vIrAdhivIraH kSititalamanRNAM so'smi saMvatsaraGkaH / / 36 // itthaM gorakhayoginIvacanataH siddho'mbaDaH kSatriyaH saptAdezavarA sakautukabharA bhUtA na vA bhAvinaH / dvAtriMzanmitaputrikAdicaritaM yad gadyapadyena tat cakre zrImuniratnasUrivijayastadvAcyamAnaM budhaiH // 37 // ityAcAryazrImuniratnasUriviracite ambaDacarite gorakhayoginIdattasaptAdezakara-ambaDakathAnakaM sampUrNam //

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382 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa sambaddha kiyA gayA hai aura batalAyA gayA hai ki vikrama kI mRtyu ke bAda usakA siMhAsana eka kheta meM chipA diyA gayA thaa| usa kheta kA mAlika eka brAhmaNa thA jo chipe siMhAsana ke cabUtare para baiThakara apane kheta kI dekha-bhAla karatA thaa| vaha kheta bar3A hI upajAU thaa| rAjA bhoja ko yaha patA calA to usane usa kheta ko kharIda liyA aura usa cabUtare ko tur3avAkara rAjA vikrama ke camatkArI siMhAsana ko paayaa| bhoja ko usa siMhAsana para baiThane ke pahale usakI rakSA karanevAlI battIsa deviyoM kI praznAtmaka kathAoM dvArA apanI parIkSA denI par3I taba kahIM vaha usa para baiTha skaa| isa kathA dvArA vikramAditya ke mAhAtmya ke samAna bhoja kA mAhAtmya prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| bhoja ke caritra ko dUsare prakAra ke janAkhyAnoM se prathitakara kucha svatantra grantha bhI race gaye haiN| unameM jainetara racanAoM meM ballAlakRta 'bhojaprabandha' prasiddha hai| ___ bhojacarita-rAjavallabharacita etadviSayaka jaina kRtiyoM meM yaha sabase prAcIna hai| yaha pA~ca prastAvoM meM vibhakta hai jinameM kucha milAkara 1575 padya haiN| unameM 35 apabhraMza meM aura zeSa saMskRta meM haiN| saMskRta padyoM meM bhI prAkRta zabda yatra-tatra pAye jAte haiN| padya adhikAMza meM anuSTupa chanda meM haiM para yatra-tatra indravajrA, upendravajrA, zAlinI, vasantatilakA, zArdUlavikrIDita Adi padya dUsarI kRtiyoM se uddharaNarUpa meM pAye jAte haiN| isameM varNita lokakathAoM kA AdhAra prabandhacintAmaNi aura kathAsaritsAgara hai| sAhityika dRSTi se yaha sAdhAraNa koTi kI racanA hai| isameM bhaneka bhASAviSayaka tathA bhaugolika truTiyoM bharI huI haiN| phira bhI bhoja ke sambandha meM tIna zIrSoM ( kapAloM ) tathA do rAkSasoM dvArA camatkArikatA dikhAI gaI hai| usake parakAyapraveza kI kathA cauthe prastAva meM dI gaI hai| pA~caveM prastAva meM bhoja ke putroM devarAja aura 'vatsarAja ke sAhasika kAryoM kA varNana diyA gayA hai| 1. eDagaraTana, vikramsa eDaveMcarsa, hAravarDa mo0 sirIja, 26, san 1926. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 292; bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se DA0 bahAduracandra chAbar3A aura zaMkaranArAyaNan dvArA sampAdita, maMgrejI meM vivaraNAtmaka TippaNa, prastAvanA, saM0 2020.

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kathA-sAhitya 383 ise jaina kathAoM meM annadAna ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie jor3A gayA hai (caritramannadAnasya kurve kautuuhlpriym)| isa dRSTi se kavi kI yaha kRti zatAbdiyoM taka lagAtAra jaina sampradAya meM priya rahI hai| phira bhI kavi ne bhona sambandhI aneka aitihAsika tathyoM ke vizleSaNa meM maulikatA pradarzita kI hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla--bhojacaritra ke pratyeka prastAva ke anta meM racayitA kA nAma rAnavallabha pAThaka diyA gayA hai jo dharmaghoSagaccha ke mahItilakasUri ke ziSya the| racanA ke kAlanirNaya ke sambandha meM do bAtoM se sahAyatA milatI hai : eka to mahItilakasUri kA ullekha karanevAle saM0 1486 se 1513 taka ke zilAlekha mile haiN| dUsarI isakI prAcInatama hasta0 prati saM0 1498 kI milI hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki rAjavallabha ne saM0 1498 ke pahale ise avazya likha DAlA hogaa| rAjavallabha kI anya racanAoM meM citrasena-padmAvatI (saM0 1524 ) aura SaDAvazyakavRtti ( saM0 1530) milatI haiN| bhojaprabaMdha-ukta rAjavallabha ke samakAlIna zubhazIlagaNi ne eka anya bhojaprabaMdha kI racanA kI hai jisakA granthAna 3700 batalAyA gayA hai| zubhazIlagaNi tapAgacchIya somasundara ke praziSya aura munisundara ke ziSya the| inako vikramacaritra, bharatezvara-bAhubalivRtti Adi aneko kathAtmaka racanAe~ milatI haiN| eka dUsare bhojaprabaMdha' kI racanA saM0 1517 meM ratnamaNDanagaNi ne kI hai| isa prabaMdha meM bhoja ke mAne gaye do putroM kI kathAe~ pramukha hone se ise devarAjaprabaMdha yA devarAja-vatsarAjaprabaMdha bhI kahate haiN| inakI anya racanAoM meM upadezataraMgiNI, sukRtasAgara tathA pRthvIdharaprabaMdha milate haiN| inakA paricaya pRthvIdharaprabaMdha ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| 1. bhojacarita kI aMgrejI prastAvanA, pR0 11-23. 2. vahI prastAvanA, pR. 5, jaina lekhasaMgraha, saMkhyA 180, 2311, 1145, 1492 aura 1534, bIkAnera jaina lekhasaMgraha, saMkhyA 901, 1935. 3. jinarasnakoza, pR0 299, 4. vahI. 5. vahI, pR0 178.

Page #397
384 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa etadviSayaka anya racanA-bhojaprabaMdha-satyarAjagaNikRta bhI milatI hai|' satyarAja kI anya racanA pRthvIcandracaritra (saM0 1535 ) bhI milatI hai / merutuMgakRta prabaMdhacintAmaNi' ( saM0 1361 ) meM varNita bhoja-bhImaprabaMdha se ukta racanAoM meM bar3I sahAyatA lI gaI hai| yaha prabaMdha bhI bhoja ke sambandha kI aneka lokakathAoM se bharA huA hai para isameM aitihAsikatA kI adhika rakSA kI gaI hai| bhoja ke cAcA muMja para parIkathA likhI gaI hai| prabaMdhacintAmaNi meM muMjarAjaprabaMdha meM muMjarAja se sambandhita aneka uktiyA~ dI gaI haiN| svatantra racanAoM ke rUpa meM kRSNarSigacchIya mahendrasUri ke ziSya jayasiMhasUri (saM0 1422 ke lagabhaga) dvArA racita muMjanarendrakathA tathA saM0 1475 meM eka ajJAtakartRka muMjabhojanRpakathA' milatI hai| mahIpAlakathA yA mahIpAlacarita-isa kathA kA nAyaka vAstava meM parIkathA kA eka rAjaputra hai| isa kathA meM parIkathA aura paurANikakathA kA acchA sammizraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa para prAkRta-saMskRta meM kaI racanAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| kathAvastu-mahIpAla kisI deza kA rAjA na thA para ujjayinI ke rAjA narasiMha ke pAsa rahanevAlA kalAvicakSaNa rAjaputra thaa| rAjA ne use apane manovinoda ke lie rakha chor3A thA para vaha kalAoM ko sIkhane ke lie yahA~-vahA~ ghUmatA-phiratA thaa| isase rAjA ne nArAja hokara use nikAla diyaa| mahIpAla apanI patnI ke sAtha ghUmatA-phiratA bhaDoca meM AyA aura vahA~ se jahAja dvArA kaTAhadvIpa pahu~cane ke lie cala par3A para durbhAgya se samudra meM hI jahAja phaTa jAne se kisI taraha kinAre lagA aura usa kaTAhadvIpa ke ratnapura nagara meM rahane lgaa| vahA~ ratnaparIkSA meM apanI kalA dikhAkara usane rAjaputrI se vivAha kiyA aura usake sAtha jahAja meM baiTha apanI pUrvapatnI somazrI kI khoja meM niklaa| rAjA ne apanI putrI aura jAmAtA kI dekharekha ke lie atharvaNa nAmaka maMtrI ko sAtha 1. vahI, pR0 299. 2. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 1, pR0 25-52. 3-4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 310. 5. vahI, pR0 304; viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pR0 536-37. .

Page #398
kathA-sAhitya 385 bhejA para usane rAjaputrI aura dhana ke lobha se use kapaTa se samudra meM girA diyaa| isake bAda rAjaputrI se prema karanA cAhA para vaha bhI use jhUThA AzvAsana de apanI zIla kI rakSA karane ke lie cakrezvarI devI kI upAsanA meM laga gii| udhara mahIpAla samudra meM girakara eka bar3I machalI ke sahAre kinAre A lagA aura vahA~ usane ratnasaMcayapura ke nareza kI putrI zaziprabhA ke sAtha vivAha kiyA aura usase use tIna camatkArI vastueM milI : pahalI jAdU kI zayyA jisa para baiThakara vaha kahIM bhI jA sakatA thA, dUsarI jAdU kI lakar3I jisase vaha ajeya bana sakA aura tIsarI eka sarvakAmita mantra jisase vaha mana cAhe rUpa dhAraNa kara sakatA thaa| mahIpAla ko usI nagara meM apanI donoM pUrva patniyA~ bhI mila gii| una vidyAoM ke sahAre usane kaI camatkAra dikhaaye| isase prasanna hokara vahA~ ke rAjA ne use apanA mantrI banA liyA tathA apanI putrI candrazrI se vivAha kara diyaa| isake bAda vaha cAroM patniyoM ko lekara apanI pUrva nagarI ujjayinI ke rAjA ke pAsa lauTa AyA aura rAjA ne usake camatkAroM se usakA sammAna kiyaa| pIche mahIpAla ne jainI dIkSA le mokSapada prApta kiyaa| ___ mahivAlakahA-ukta kathAnaka para yaha sarvaprathama racanA hai| jo prAkRta kI 1826 gAthAoM meM hai| isameM adhyAya Adi kA vibhAjana nahIM hai / isakI bhASA sarasa evaM sarala hai| bIca-bIca meM aneka upadeza aura avAntara kathAe~ dI gaI haiN| varNana-prasaMga meM navakAra-mantra kA prabhAva, caNDIpUjA, zAsanadevatA, yakSakuladevatAdi kI pUjA, bali Adi prathAoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| isake racayitA vIradevagaNi hai| grantha ke anta meM cAra gAthAoM dvArA unhoMne apanI guruparamparA mAtra dI hai| tadanusAra candragaccha meM kramazaH devabhadrasiddhasena-municandrasUri hue| unhIM ke ziSya prastuta grantha ke lekhaka haiN| isa racanA kA kAlasavat kahIM nahIM diyA gayA para racayitA ke dAdA guru aura paradAdA guru kI kaI racanAe~ milatI haiN| candragaccha se sambandhita devabhadra ne prAkRta zreyAMsacaritra kI racanA (vi0 saM0 1248 se pahale) kI thI aura siddhasena ne saM0 1248 se pahale padmaprabhacaritra kI tathA ukta saMvat meM pravacanoddhAra para tattvavikAzinI TokA aura stutiyA~ likhI thiiN| saMbhavataH inhIM siddhasena 1. jinaratnakoza, pR. 301, hIrAlAla devacanda zAha, zAradA mudraNAlaya, pAnakora nAkA, ahamadAbAda, saM. 1998. 2. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 338.

Page #399
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (siMhasena ) ne saM0 1213 meM pratiSThA karAI thii| isa AdhAra para siddhasena ke praziSya vIradevagaNi kA samaya terahavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha AtA hai / dUsarI do racanAe~ saMskRta ke kAvyarUpa meM milI haiN| eka ke racayitA cAritrasundaragaNi haiM jo bRhattapAgaccha meM ratnAkara sUri kI paramparA meM abhayasiMhasUri-jayatilaka-ratnasiMha ke ziSya the| viNTaranitsa ne isameM 14 sarga hone likhe haiN| jinaratnakoza meM isakA granthAgra 895 zloka-pramANa batalAyA gayA hai| cAritrasundara ne isa kAvya kI racanA kaba kI yaha nizcita nahIM mAlUma hotA parantu ve 15vIM ke anta tathA 16vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM vidyamAna the| unhoMne zubhacandragaNi ke anurodha para dazasargAtmaka kumArapAlacarita kAvya kI racanA 2032 zlokoM meM saM0 1487 meM kI thI aura saM0 1484 yA 87 meM zIladUtakAvya aura pIche AcAropadeza kI racanA kI thii| unhoMne kucha pratiSThAe~ saM0 1523 taka karAI thiiN| dUsarI saMskRta kRti meM pA~ca sarga haiM aura use tapAgaccha ke ratnanandi ke ziSya cAritrabhUSaNa ne racA hai| apanI guruparamparA ko vijayacandra se prArambha kara ratnAkarasUri kI paramparA meM abhayanandi-jayakIrti--ratnanandi ke nAma diye haiM / para abhayanandi Adi nAma ukta gaccha kI paramparA meM nahIM milate haiN| unake sthAna meM abhayasiMha, jayatilaka aura ratnasiMha milate haiN| cAritrabhUSaNa kI jagaha cAritrasundara kI kucha kRtiyA~ milatI haiN| saMbhavataH cAritrabhUSaNa aura unakI guruparamparA nAma bhinna hone se pRthaka rahI ho| yaha bhI saMbhAvanA hai ki cAritrabhUSaNa aura cAritrasundara eka hI ho / mugdhakathAe~: bharaTakadvAtriMzikA-isameM 32 kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| yaha mugdha ( mUrkha, 1. paTTAvalIsamuccaya, pR. 205. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 308; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1909 aura 1917. 3. vahI; isa kAvya kI pANDulipi jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA meM (jh| 132) 24 patroM meM hai; vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM-DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 467-471. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 262, je0 harTala dvArA sampAdita, lAijiga, 1921, harTala kA mata hai ki isa dvAtriMzikA kA lekhaka gujarAtanivAsI koI jaina vidvAna honA caahie| aisI kathAe~ 492 I0 pUrva meM bhI maujUda thiiN|

Page #400
kathA-sAhitya viTa) kathAoM kA sundara udAharaNa hai| isakA uddezya yaha batalAnA hai ki jisa taraha dhUrtoM aura ThagoM kA rahasya jAna unase rakSA karanA cAhie usI taraha mukhoM kI mUrkhatA se bhI rakSA karanA Avazyaka hai| isameM mugdhakathAoM ke bahAne jIvana meM saphalatA ke AkAMkSI puruSa ko apratyakSa rUpa se zikSA dI gaI hai| kathAkAra ne grantharacanA kA uddezya svayaM prakaTa kiyA hai : saMsAra meM niHzreyasa kI prApti ke icchuka logoM ko sadaiva apane sadAcaraNa ke jJAna meM vRddhi karate rahanA caahie| yaha sadAcaraNa kA parijJAna mUrkhajanoM ke carita par3hakara ho sakatA hai / ina caritroM ko lekhaka apanI buddhi se kalpita ghaTanA-prasaMgoM ke anartha-darzana dvArA abhivyakta karatA hai| isa prakAra kI abhivyakti tathA mUrkhajanoM dvArA vyavahRta AcaraNa ke parihAra ke lie lekhaka ne bharaTadvAtriMzikA kI racanA kI hai| isa saMgraha meM anekoM laMpaToM, vaMcakoM, dhUrtoM ke sarasa citraNa dekhane meM Ate haiN| isameM adhikAMza kahAniyA~ zaivapanthI sAdhuoM kI upahAsAtmaka haiN| pA~cavIM kathA meM grAma kavi kI zaiva upAsaka se tulanA kI gaI hai|' sA~tavIM meM eka mUrkha ziSya kI kathA hai jisane dhore-dhIre 32 bATiyA~ khA lI aura zaiva guru ko eka bhI na dii| terahavIM meM svarga kI gAya kI kahAnI hai aura solahavIM meM eka jaTAdhArI zaiva cele kii| isa prakAra kI prakIrNa kahAniyA~ AgamoM kI niyuktiyoM, cUrNiyoM evaM bhASyoM meM bikharI par3I haiN| rAjazekharasUri ke kathAkoza aparanAma vinodakathAsaMgraha meM kaI kahAniyA~ isa zreNI kI haiN| nItikathA-sAhitya : nItikathA kA artha hai nItiviSayaka pATha sikhAnevAlI kahAnI jisameM adhikatara pAtra mAnavetara kSudraprANI hote haiN| nItikathA eka kalpita kathA hai, usake vAcya-kathAnaka meM kisI prakAra kI yathArthatA nahIM rhtii| 1. bharaTaka tava caTTA laMba puTThA smuddhaa| na paThati na guNaMte neva kavvaM kuNate // vayamapi na paThAmo kintu kanvaM kunnaamo| tadapi bhukha marAmo karmaNA ko'tradoSaH // mUrkhaziSyo na kartavyo guruNA sukhamicchatA / viDambayati sotyanvaM yathA baTakabhakSakaH //

Page #401
388 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa _prArambha meM lokavyavahAra meM prANiyoM ke bhI dRSTAnta diye jAte the| prANiyoM ke dRSTAnta sunane meM hara eka ke lie sugama evaM grAhya hote haiN| prANI bhI mAnavavat vyavahAra kara sakate haiM, kabhI kisI samaya meM prANiyoM evaM mAnava meM isa dRSTi se koI antara na thA Adi vizvAsa azikSita janasAdhAraNa meM rahA thaa| paMcataMtra, hitopadeza kI kahAniyoM ko 'nItikathA' kahA gayA hai| para durbhAgya se mUla paMcataMtra aprApya hai| isake kevala uttarakAlIna saMskaraNa hI milate haiN| jaina kathAkAroM ne paMcataMtra kI zailI aura viSaya se prabhAvita hokara kaI kathAkoza likhe haiN| maladhArI rAjazekharakRta 'kathAsaMgraha' meM paMcataMtra ke samAna hI kahAniyoM ke darzana hote haiN| hemavijayakRta 'kathAratnAkara' meM bhartRhari ke zatakoM aura paMcataMtra Adi se aneka sUktiyA~ lI gaI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, paMcataMtra ke jaina saMskaraNa bhI prApta hote haiN| paMcataMtra ke viziSTa adhyetA jarmana vidvAn harTala ke anusAra paMcataMtra ke sarvAdhika lokapriya saMskaraNa jaina vidvAnoM dvArA hI taiyAra kiye gaye haiN| eka aisA saMskaraNa hai jise usake sampAdaka zrI kose gArTana ne Textus Simplicior nAma se kahA hai| haTala aura amerikana vidvAn ejarTana ke anusAra isake lekhaka koI ajJAtanAmA jaina vidvAna the| unakA samaya 900 se 1199 taka mAnA gayA hai| isameM paMcataMtra kI aneka kathAoM kA rUpAntara ho gayA hai| paMcAkhyAna yA paMcAkhyAnaka-zrI ejarTana ke anusAra isakI racanA taMtrAkhyAyika evaM Textus Simplicior ke AdhAra se kI gaI hai| isake racayitA jaina muni pUrNabhadra haiN| isa saMskaraNa kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM paMcataMtra kI kathAoM ke laukika pakSa ko koI hAni nahIM pahuMcAI gii| isameM paMcataMtra kA nItikathAtmaka rUpa surakSita rakhA gayA hai|' isa grantha ke anta meM 8 padyoM kI eka prazasti dI gaI hai jisameM likhA hai ki viSNuzarmA ne sUktiyoM se bhare kathAoM se yukta nRpanItizAstra paMcataMtra kI racanA kI thI jo kAlAntara meM vizIrNavarNa ho gayA thaa| ise maMtrI somazarmA ke anurodha se nRpatinIti-vivecana ke lie zrI pUrNabhadrasUri ne saMzodhita kiyaa| 1. DA0 harTala, di paMcataMtra , bhAga 2, 1908.

Page #402
389 kathA-sAhitya isa kArya meM pratyeka akSara, pada, vAkya, kathA aura zloka kA saMzodhana kiyA gayA hai| anta meM isa grantha kA parimANa 4600 zloka batalAyA gayA hai aura racanAsaMvat 1255, phAlguna vadi tRtIyA ravivAra batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki mAno yaha jIrNoddhAra-sA ho / purAnI racanA kA jIrNoddhAra arthAt nayA rUpa dene ke mahanIya kArya ko prakaTa karate hue kavi ne apanI namratA hI prakaTa kI hai| isameM jo smRtizAstroM se uddharaNa diye gaye haiM ve laukika nItivAkyoM se bhinna nahIM haiN| AvazyakatAvaza jahA~ jisakA upayoga ho sakA usa kArya meM pUrNabhadra ne apanA kauzala dikhAyA hai| harTala mahodaya ne paMcAkhyAnaka ke mahattva ko ina zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA hai : apane siddhAntoM kA upadeza karane ke lie bauddhoM ne nItikathAoM ko bhI tor3amaror3akara apanAyA hai| paMcataMtra kA bauddha saMskaraNa nahIM milatA, yaha koI saMyoga kI bAta nahIM hai| jaina saMskaraNa paMcAkhyAnaka meM jainiyoM ne purAnI nItikathAoM ko hI sAre bhAratavarSa meM, yahA~ taka ki iNDocIna aura iNDoneziyA taka meM, lokapriya banAyA hai| saMskRta tathA anya vividha dezI bhASAoM meM likhA huA 1. kathAnvitaM sUktavisUktaM zrIviSNuzarmA nRpanItizAstram // 1 // zrIsomamaMtrivacanena vizIrNavarNam , mAlokya zAstramakhilaM khalu paMcataMtram / zrIpUrNabhadraguruNA guruNAdareNa, saMzodhitaM nRpatinItivivecanAya // 2 // pratyakSaraM pratipadaM prativAkyaM pratikathaM pratizlokam / zrIpUrNabhadrasUriviMzodhayAmAsa zAstramidam // 3 // viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, jilda 3, bhAga 1, pR0 321-24. 2. catvArIha sahasrANi tatparaM SaTzatAni c| granthasyAsya mayA mAnaM gaNitaM zlokasaMkhyayA // 7 // zarabANataraNivarSe ravikaravadiphAlgune tRtIyAyAm / jIrNoddhArazvAsau pratiSThito'dhiSThito vibudhaiH / / 8 / /

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390 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yaha paMcataMtra ina satra dezoM meM itanA adhika lokapriya ho gayA ki jainoM taka ne isa bAta ko bhulA diyA ki mUla meM yaha jaina vidvAn kA likhA huA thA / ' prAcIna jaina kathAgrantha vasudevahiNDI, bRhatkalpabhASya, vyavahArabhASya, AvazyakacUrNi, dazavaikAlika cUrNi Adi meM paMcataMtra kI zailI meM likhe hue nIti aura lokAcAra sambandhI aneka AkhyAna upalabdha hote haiM / inameM se kitane hI AkhyAnoM kA vikasita rUpa paMcAkhyAnaka meM vidyamAna pratIta hotA hai / harTala mahodaya ne samIkSA karate hue yaha bhI kahA hai ki pUrNabhadrasUri ne apane paMcataMtra meM katipaya ajJAta srotoM se kitanI hI naI kahAniyoM evaM sUktiyoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| isa grantha kI bhASAzAstrIya vizeSatAoM para se harTala kI mAnyatA hai ki anya bAtoM ke sAtha-sAtha granthakartA ne apanI racanA meM prAkRta racanAoM athavA kathAoM kA laukika bhASA meM upayoga kiyA hai / paMcAkhyAnasAroddhAra - anya jaina paMcataMtroM meM dhanaratnagaNikRta paMcAkhyAna yA paMcAkhyAnasAroddhAra milatA hai jisakA racanAkAla saM0 1545 se pahale kA hai| kyoMki ukta saMvat kI isakI eka hastalikhita prati milI hai / 1. harTala, Ana di liTarecara Apha di zvetAmbarsa Apha gujarAta, lAipjiga, 1922, pR0 7-8. 2. DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta jaina kathAsAhitya, pR0 78-92 meM nItikathA kI aneka kahAniyA~ dekara unake srotoM ko dikhAyA gayA hai| koTA ( AdivAsI jAti ) lokakathA ke kalpanAbandha ( Motif ) kI tulanA kucha jaina kathAoM se kI gaI hai| dekhiye - M. B. Emenean kA jaranala bhApha amerikana oriyaNTala sosAiTI ( 67 ) meM lekha 'sTaDIja ina di phokaTelsa Apha iNDiyA'; strI- zuddhiparIkSA ke kalpanAbandha ke lie dekheM(1) sTeNDarDa DikzanarI Apha phokalora, mAitholAjo eNDa lIjeNDa, bhAga 1, mAriyA lIca, nyUyArka, 1945 meM 'cesTiTI TesTa' aura 'ekTa Apha TUtha' nAmaka lekha. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 230.

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kathA-sAhitya 397 paMcAkhyAnoddhAra-dUsarI racanA tapAgacchIya kRpAvijaya ke ziSya meghavijayakRta 'paMcAkhyAnoddhAra hai jo saM0 1716 meM racA gayA thaa| yaha bAlakoM ko nItizAstra kI zikSA dene ke lie likhA gayA thaa| aneka nUtana kahAniyoM kA isameM samAveza hai| antima ratnapAla kI kathA paMcataMtra ke anya kisI saMskaraNa meM upalabdha nahIM hai| yaha saMskaraNa vaDagaccha ke ratnacandragaNi ke ziSya vatsarAjagaNikRta gujarAtI paMcAkhyAnacaupaI para AdhArita hai| paMcAkhyAnavArtika-isakI racanA kIrtivijayagaNi ke caraNa-sevaka jinavijayagaNi ne kI hai| vi0 saM0 1730 meM phalaudhI nagarI meM isakI racanA kI gaI thii| yaha purAnI gujarAtI meM hai, zloka saMskRta meM haiN| 19vIM kathA meM bayA aura bandara kI aura 30vIM meM kharagoza aura madonmatta siMha kI kahAnI hai| isameM somadeva ke nItivAkyAmRta aura hemacandrAcArya ke ladhvahannItizAstra nAmaka granthoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| zukadvAsaptatikA-nItikathA para paMcataMtra ke samAna dUsare grantha zukasaptatikA kA jaina pAThAntara bhI milatA hai / saM0 1638 meM guNamerusUri ke ziSya ratnasundarasUri ne zukadvAsaptatikA kI racanA kI hai| ise rasamaJjarI tathA zukasaptatikA' bhI kahate haiN| eka ajJAtakatRka zukadvAsaptatikA kathA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| ___ isa kathA saMgraha meM zuka dvArA 70 yA 72 kahAniyA~ zIlarakSA ke lie kahI gaI haiN| 1. vahI; siMghI jaina granthamAlA se prakAzita devAnandakAvya kI bhUmikA; kItha, hisTrI mApha klAsikala saMskRta liTarecara, pR0 260; viNTaranitsa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 3, pR0 325. 2. isakA prakAzana je0. harTala ne lAijiga se 1922 meM kiyA hai| 3.5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 386.

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prakaraNa 4 aitihAsika sAhitya kisI bhI vastu kA mUlya usa vastu ke itihAsa-jJAna ke abhAva meM A~kA nahIM jA sktaa| isalie pratyeka vastu yA viSaya ke mUlyAMkana ke lie itihAsajJAna Avazyaka ho gayA hai / itihAsa-jJAna se hameM aneka samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| pratyeka deza, dharma, saMskRti, jAti Adi ke itihAsa ne mAnava-mastiSka kI aneka samasyAoM ko sulajhAyA hai| itihAsa jAnane kI anekavidha sAmagrI hotI hai| vaha kathA-kahAnI jaisA kahIM likhA nahIM miltaa| kisI bhI deza yA dharma kA itihAsa usa deza ke rAjA-rAniyoM yA dharmAdhikAriyoM kI vaMzAvaliyoM kA jJAna kara lenA mAtra nahIM hai balki una sabhI paristhitiyoM kA adhyayana karanA hai jinhoMne usa deza ko gaurava pradAna kiyA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se bhAratavarSa ke itihAsa ko dekheM to vaha eka prakAra se nAnA jAtiyoM ke saMmizraNa aura anekoM saMskRtiyoM ke AdAna-pradAna kA itihAsa hI hai / sarvAGgINa bhAratIya itihAsa jAnane ke lie anya sAmagriyoM ke sAtha brAhmaNa, jaina, bauddha sAhitya kA tulanAtmaka evaM samanvayAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka hai| isake adhyayana ke binA jo bho itihAsa likhA gayA hai vaha ekAMgI tathA aparipUrNa hai| isa sAhityatrayI ke adhyayana ke abhAva meM itihAsa prastuta karane vAlI anya sAmagriyoM-abhilekhoM, prAcIna mudrAoM, citroM tathA sthApatyoMko bar3I bhrAmaka vyAkhyAe~ huI haiM tathA jisa varga kI jaba prabhutA huI usane taba apane varga kI chApa lagA dI hai| bhAvI itihAsajJoM kA kAma una bhUloM ko sudhAranA hai tathA ukta adhyayana se bhAratIya itihAsa ke lie niSpakSa evaM svastha sAmagrI prastuta karanA hai| jaina aitihAsika sAmagrI ke vividha aMga haiN| vizAla Agama sAhitya aura jaina purANoM evaM kathAoM meM aneka prakAra kI anuzrutiyA~ par3I haiM jinakA 1. DA. motIcandra, kucha jaina anuzrutiyA~ aura purAtattva, paM. nAthUrAma premI abhinandana grantha, pR0 229 prabhRti.

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aitihAsika sAhitya jainetara anuzrutiyoM evaM purAtattva-sAmagrI ke sAtha samanvayAtmaka adhyayanakara bhAratIya itihAsa ke prAgaitihAsika, sindhughATI sabhyatA, vaidika evaM aupaniSadika yugoM kI pravRttiyA~ jAnI jA sakatI haiN| jaina anuzrutiyoM ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se antima tIna tIrthaMkara-ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha aura vardhamAna mahAvIraaitihAsika vyakti siddha hue haiN| mahAvIrottara kAla meM jainasaMgha ke saMgaTana, vyavasthA, matabheda, sampradAyoM, upasampradAyoM evaM panthoM Adi ke udaya se vartamAna kAla taka kramika prAmANika itihAsa, jainadharmaparAyaNa narezoM, sAmantoM, rAjanItijJoM, zAsakoM-prazAsakoM, senAnAyakoM aura yoddhAoM kA itihAsa, deza kI rAjanIti aura svAtantrya saMgrAma meM tathA navarASTra nirmANa meM jainoM ke yogadAna kI kahAnI, jaina tIrthoM, sAMskRtika evaM kalAkendroM kA itihAsa, jaina parvo aura tyauhAroM kA itihAsa jAnane ke bahuvidha aitihAsika upAdAna-aitihAsika kAvya, prabandha sAhitya, prazastiyA~, paTTAvaliyA~, gurvAvaliyA~, zilAlekha, mUtilekha, vijJaptipatra, tIrthamAlAe~ Adi ukta mAmagrI ke vividha aMga haiN| sva0 DA0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne jainoM kI aitihAsika cetanA ko prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki jainoM ne koI 2500 varSa kI saMvatgaNanA kA hisAba bhAratIyoM meM sabase acchA rakhA hai| isase vidita hotA hai ki purAne samaya meM aitihAsika paripATI ko varSagaNanA hamAre deza meM thii| jaba vaha aura jagaha luna aura naSTa ho gaI taba kevala jainoM meM baca rhii| jainoM kI gaNanA ke AdhAra para hamane paurANika aura aitihAsika bahuta sI ghaTanAoM ko. jo buddha aura mahAvIra ke samaya se idhara kI haiM, samayabaddha kiyA aura dekhA ki unakA Thoka milAna sujJAta gaNanA se ho jAtA hai| kaI eka aitihAsika bAtoM kA patA jainoM ke aitihAsika abhilekhoM, prazastiyoM evaM paTTAvaliyoM meM hI milatA hai| aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI pramukha pravRttiyA~ : ___ saMskRta ke anya aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI bhA~ti jaina mahAkAvyoM meM bhI nimna prakAra kI pravRttiyA~ parilakSita hotI haiM : 1. inameM caritra nAyaka rAjA-mahArAjA hI nahIM hote balki santa, mahanta evaM mahAmaMtrI aura dhano mAnI seTha bhI hote haiN| 2. inake racayitA rAjyAzrita yA anya dhanI-mAnI logoM ke Azrita hote haiM aura AzrayadAtA kI prazaMsA karane kI unameM pravRtti hotI hai| isalie unake race kAvyoM meM nAyaka kI parAjaya yA apriya bAteM nahIM hotii|

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394 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 3. inameM nAyaka kI vIratA yA mAhAtmya-pradarzana karane ke lie digvijaya, sasaMgha yAtrAoM Adi ke kAlpanika vivaraNa pradarzita kiye gaye haiN| kahIM-kahIM nAyaka kA utkarSa prakaTa karane ke lie pratinAyaka kI kalpanA bhI kI gaI hai| 4. adhikAMza kAvyoM meM ghaTanAoM kI tithiyoM ke vivaraNa itihAsasammata hI haiM, kucha meM nhiiN| 5. inameM nAyaka kI vaMzaparaMparA aura kulotpatti ke vivaraNa paurANika DhaMga para diye gaye haiN| jainoM ke aitihAsika kAvya hariSeNa kI samudragupta-sambaMdhI ilAhAbAda-prazasti, bANabhaTTa dvArA racita harSavardhana-prazasti ke rUpa meM harSacarita, bilhaNakRta vikramAMkadevacarita va kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI ke samAna hI bar3e upayogI haiN| yahA~ unakA paricaya prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / guNavacanadvAtriMzikA : siddhasena divAkara ke viSaya meM mAnA jAtA hai ki unhoMne battIsa dvAtriMzikAoM ( 32 padyoM kA kAvya ) kI racanA kI thii| inameM se 21 prakAzita ho cukI haiM jinameM se pA~ca meM kartA kA nAma aMza yA pUrNa rUpa meM milatA hai| 1, 2 aura 16vI dvAtri ke antima padya meM 'siddha' zabda milatA hai jaba ki 5vIM aura 21vIM meM pUrA nAma siddhasena / zeSa meM nAma kA saMketa yA cihna bhI nahIM diyA gayA hai parantu paramparA aura zailI ko dekhate hue unake kartA siddhasena ke hone meM gambhIra Apatti nahIM ho sktii| ___inameM se 11vIM dvAtriMzikA prazasti ke anusAra 'guNavacana-dvAtriMzikA' hai / ' yaha eka rAjA kI prazasti hai jo use tvayA, bhavAn , tvat , tava, bhavatA aura tvA sarvanAmoM dvArA evaM madhyama puruSa meM kriyAoM-santuSyase, vahasi, surAyase, harasi, karosi aura asi-dvArA tathA nRpate, narapate, narendra, nRpa, rAjan aura kSitipate sambodhanoM dvArA lakSita kiyA gayA hai| isa viruda meM kevala 28 padya haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki hamAre lie mahattva ke cAra padya kho gaye hoM yA kucha 1. madhyabhAratI patrikA, 1, julAI 1962, meM mUla saMskRta pATha tathA aMgrejI anuvAda DA. hIrAlAla jaina dvArA diyA gayA hai| isake tulanAtmaka TippaNa mahattvapUrNa haiN|

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aitihAsika sAhitya 395 vaiyaktika kAraNoM se alaga kara diye gaye hoN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki mUlataH yaha itanA hI ho kyoMki dUsarI dvAtriMzikAoM meM bhI padmoM kI saMkhyA aniyamita hai| udAharaNataH jabaki 21vIM meM 33, 10vIM meM 34 padya haiM to 8vIM meM 26 aura 15vIM aura 19vIM meM 31 padya haiM / jabaki anya dvAtriMzikAoM kA viSaya yA to tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti yA jainasiddhAnta ke vivecana ke rUpa meM hai, to isakA viSaya nimnaprakAra hai : usa rAjA ke sambandha meM kavi uccakoTi kI virudAvalI ke rUpa meM kahatA hai ki tuma kIrti meM apane pUrvajoM se bahuta Age ho (1) / tuma jagat bhara meM mahimAzAlI ho (2) / tumhArI kIrti dasoM dizAoM meM phaila rahI hai ( 3) / tumhAre guNoM ne tumhArI kIrti ko vanapradezoM meM bhI phailA diyA hai (4) / tumane dUsaroM ke pratApa ko DhaMka diyA hai (5) / tumhAre anugraha-svabhAva ne tumhArI kIrti bar3hA dI hai (6) / tumhAre guNa divya haiM (7) / saMsAra meM aisI koI jagaha nahIM jahA~ tumhArI kIrti na pahu~cI ho (8) / rAjyazrI tumhAre vakSaHsthala para krIr3A karatI hai (9) / tuma buddhayAdi guNoM se divya ho (10) / tuma apane dAna ( anugraha ) prakRti se pravIra zatruoM ko vaza meM kara lete ho (11) / vasudhA bahuta kAla bAda tumhAre ekacchatra rAjya meM AI hai, zeSa nRpa tumhAre AjJApAlaka haiM (12) / tuma krodha se zatruoM ko ukhAr3a pheMkate ho aura parAjita zatruoM para kRpAkara zataguNo rAjyalakSmI dete ho ( 13-14 ) / tuma mAna ke sivAya dUsare guga ko pasanda nahIM karate arthAt mAna para tumhArA ekAdhikAra hai aura yadi vaha guNa dUsaroM meM calA gayA to ve nirmUla kara diye jAte haiM (15) / tumhArI AjJA kA ullaMghana kara hI zatru yaza pA sakate haiM para unameM himmata kahA~ (16) / zarad Rtu tumhAre zatruoM ko arocaka hai kyoMki vaha tumhArI digvijaya kA samaya hai (17) / eka samaya saMyoga se tumhArI talavAra ne tumhAre vakSaHsthala para kSatakara rAjyalakSmI ko sthira kara diyA thA ( 18) / tumhAre adhIna caMcalA lakSmI aura pRthvI paraspara spardhA se bar3ha rahI haiM ( 19) / tumhAre sAtha vRddhA ( bahuta kAla se rahanevAlI ) lakSmI kA yauvanaguNa badalA nahIM (20) / tumhAre manuSyarUpa meM hari ( devarAja) hone kA viSaya taba taka rahasya banA rahA jaba taka prAntapatirUpI meghoM ne janakalyANakAriNI yojanAoM dvArA use prakaTa nahIM kiyA (21) / tuma yathArtha meM mahIpAla ho jo khinna pRthvI ko vakSaHsthala se dhAraNa karate ho| jaba tuma garbha meM the tabhI pRthvI ne nUtana yuga Ane ke saMketa kara diye the (22) / viruddha guNa bhI tumameM hI nirvirodha

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rahate haiM ( 23) / sUrya kI dIpti se bho tumhArI dIpti uttama hai ( 24 ) / tuma vidvAnoM ko sabhA meM vaktRtva ke lie prasiddha ho ( 25) / tumhArI vivAdazakti, sAhasa, patraracanA, maMtripariSad tumhAre virodhiyoM ke lie IrSyA ke viSaya haiM (26) / tumhArA janma kali ke krama ko vyatikrama (vikrama ) kara huA hai ( 27) / tumhArI sarvavyApI prabhutA avarNanIya hai ( 28) / ina padyoM ke saMketoM ko DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ne gutavaMzI samrATa candragupta dvitIya vikramAditya ke zilAlekhoM, mudrAoM aura kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMzamahAkAvya ke padoM se milAkara isa bAta ko sandeharahita siddha kiyA hai ki yaha ukta nAma vAle gumavaMzI nareza kI ho prazasti hai| isake racayitA kavi siddhasena haiM jo jaina aura jainetara ullekhoM se vikramAditya ke samakAlIna siddha hote haiN| isa taraha yaha samakAlIna kavi dvArA prastuta prazasti usI taraha mahatva kI hai jisa taraha ilAhAbAda meM utkIrNa kavi hariSeNakRta samudragupta-prazasti / gujarAta ke kaviyoM ne caulukya vaMza aura usake prasiddha nRpa jayasiMha siddharAja evaM kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla kA vivaraNa dene ke lie aneka aitihAsika kAvya likhe / unameM prathama hai dvayAzrayamahAkAvya / dvathAzrayamahAkAvya: isa kAvya' kI racanA hemacandrasUri ne apane vyAkaraNa-grantha 'siddhahema. zabdAnuzAsana' yA 'haimavyAkaraNa' ke niyamoM ko bhASAgata prayoga meM samajhAne evaM udAhRta karane ke lie kI hai| jisa taraha haimavyAkaraNa saMskRta aura prAkRta 9. A Contemporary Ode to Chandra Gupta Vikrama ditya, madhyabhAratI patrikA, 1, jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya, julAI 1962. 2. saMpA0-e0 vI0 kathavaTe, sarga 1-20 (saMskRta), 2 bhAga, bambaI saMskRta sirIja, 1885, 1915 ora sa. pA0 paNDita, sarga 21-28 (prAkRta), usI sirIja meM, 1900; dvitIya saMskaraNa : saMpA0-50 la* vaidya, pariziSTa ke sAtha meM hemacandra kA prAkRta vyAkaraNa, usI granthamAlA se 1936 meM prakAzita; praoN0 maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedIkRta saMskRta dvayAzraya kA bhASAntara (gujarAtI) 1893 meM prakAzita; pro. kezavalAla himmatalAla kAmadArakRta hemacandranu dvayAzrayakAvya 1936 meM prakAzita bhAdi.

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aitihAsika sAhitya bhASAoM meM vibhakta hai usI taraha yaha kAvya bhii| isa kAvya ke 28 sargoM meM se prathama 20 sarga saMskRta meM haiM jo saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko udAhRta karate haiM aura antima 8 sarga prAkRta bhASA meM prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko udAhRta karane ke lie race gaye haiN| ina ATha sargoM ke antima bhAga ko kumArapAlacarita (kumaravAlacariya) nAma se bhI kahate haiN| saMskRta dvathAzraya kA parimANa 2828 zloka-pramANa aura prAkRta dvayAzraya kA 1500 zlokapramANa hai| saMskRta-prAkRtamaya isa kAvya kA vahI mahattva evaM sthAna hai jo saMskRta meM bhaTTikAvya kA hai| ___ yadyapi yaha grantha saMskRta-prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ke sAhityika udAharaNoM ko prastuta karane ke lie nirmita huA thA phira bhI isameM ina maryAdAoM ke bhItara kucha apavAdoM ko chor3a kAmacalAU DhaMga se gujarAta ke caulukya vaMza kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / AcArya hemacandra kA abhiprAya isa do AzrayavAle kAvya se eka ora vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko samajhAne kA to dUsarI ora aitihAsika kAvya likhane arthAt caulukya vaMza kA guNavarNana karane kA thA aura vizeSakara usa vaMza ke nRpa siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAla kA / viSayavastu-saMskRta bhAga ke prathama sarga meM aNahilapura meM caulukya vaMza kI utpatti aura usake prathama nareza mUlarAja ke guNoM kA varNana diyA gayA hai| dvitIya se paMcama sarga taka mUlarAja ke rAjyakAla kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / chaThe sarga meM mUlarAja ke uttarAdhikArI cAmuNDarAja tathA sAtave meM durlabharAja aura usake bar3e bhAI vallabharAja kA varNana hai| aSTama sarga meM durlabharAja ke uttarAdhikArI bhatIje bhIma ke rAjyakAla kA varNana hai| navama meM bhIma, bhoja tathA cedirAja ke bIca yuddha kA varNana hai| isI sage meM bhIma ke putra kSemarAja aura karNa kA varNana aura karNa kI rAjyaprApti tathA mayaNalla devI se vivAha kA varNana hai| dasaveM sarga meM karNa dvArA putraprApti ke lie lakSmI kI upAsanA aura putrotpatti kA varadAna pAnA varNita hai| gyArahaveM meM jayasiMha kI utpatti, rAmArohaNa, karNa kA svargavAsa tathA jayasiMha kI vijaya kA varNana hai / 1. saMskRta vyAzraya para abhayatilakagaNi ne vi0 saM0 1312 meM TIkA likhI hai jisakA saMzodhana lakSmItilakagaNi ne kiyA hai| prAkRta vyAzraya para pUrNakalazagaNi ne vi0 saM0 1307 meM TIkA likhI hai|

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398 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bArahaveM se pandrahaveM sarga taka jayasiMha kI daivI camatkAroM se pUrNa vividha vijayoM, dhArmika kAryoM tathA svargaprApti kA varNana hai / solahaveM sarga meM kumArapAla kI rAjyaprApti tathA aneka narezoM ke vidroha-zamana kA varNana hai| vijayaprasaMga meM usake AbU parvata para Ane tathA AbU ke mAhAtmya kA varNana hai| satrahaveM sarga meM rAtri, candrodaya, surata Adi kA varNana hai| aThArahave meM kumArapAla kA prasthAna, unnIsave meM arNorAja se yuddha kA varNana hai / bosaveM sarga meM kumArapAla dvArA amAri-ghoSaNA, mRtaka-dhana agrahaNa, mandira nirmANa Adi lokopakArI kAryoM kA varNana diyA hai| isI sarga meM kumArapAla saMvat calane kA ullekha hai| prAkRta dvayAzraya ke prathama sarga meM aNahilapura meM bandojanoM dvArA kumArapAla kI kIrti kA varNana tathA zayanotthAna se lekara zrama-gRhagamana taka dinacaryA kA varNana diyA gayA hai| dvitIya meM mallazrama, kuMjarayAtrA, jinamandirayAtrA, jinapUjA Adi kA varNana diyA gayA hai| tRtIya meM upavana, vasantazobhA Adi kA varNana hai| cauthe meM grISma aura pA~cave meM anya RtuoM ke vihAra Adi kA sAlaMkAra varNana hai| chaThe meM candrodaya kA varNana tathA rAjyadarabAra meM sAndhivigrahika kI vijJapti dvArA koMkaNAdhIza mallikArjuna para vijaya hone se kumArapAla ke dakSiNAdhIza banane kI tathA pazcima dizA ke aneka nRgoM dvArA adhInatA svIkAra karane kI evaM kAzI, magadha, gauDa, kAnyakubja, dazArNa, cedi, jaMgaladeza Adi dezoM ke rAjAoM dvArA adhInatA grahaNa karane kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| isake bAda kumArapAla kA zayana varNita hai / sAtave sarga meM Arambha meM rAjA dvArA paramArthacintA varNita hai| pahale AcAryoM kI stuti aura pIche zrutadevatA kI stuti dI gaI hai| AThaveM sarga meM zrutadevI kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isa varNana meM kavi ne viSaya ke cunAva aura tyAga meM vicArapUrvaka kAma liyA hai| yahA~ dvayAzrayakAvya ko aitihAsikatA vicArane ke prasaMga meM yaha Avazyaka hai ki hemacandra ne apane dvayAzraya kAvya ke kucha khAsa padyoM dvArA vyAkaraNa ke udAharaNoM meM itihAsa garbhita karane ke prayatna meM kahA~ taka saphalatA yA asaphalatA prApta kI hai| yahA~ hama taddhita pratyayoM ke udAharaNoM ke lie prastuta eka padya ko lete haiM: tattadvitaM kartRbhirAtmabhartuH, sametya vRddhairyuvabhiH kSaNAdvA / duSTairathAvantibhaTaH sa vapro'dhyArohya bhItaiH raNatUryavAdyAt // 14. 37.

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399 aitihAsika sAhitya isa padya meM itihAsa ke rUpa meM avantibhaToM kI hAlata kA varNana hai| ve vRddha-yuvA sabhI apane durga ke parakoTe kI rakSA meM laga gaye aura caulukya senA ke sAmarika nagAr3oM kI AvAja se nahIM ddre| isameM hemacandra dIrghakAla taka calane vAle yuddha ke eka dRzya kA varNana karate dikhAI par3ate haiM jisake vivaraNoM ko unhoMne niHsandeha rUpa meM sunA hai| parantu isa padya meM hemavyAkaraNa ke caturthAdhyAya ke prathama pAda ke 1-6 tathA 11 sUtra ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| sambhava hai yaha padya itihAsa vyAkaraNa donoM uddezyoM kI pUrti kara rahA hai| isa prakAra ke anekoM padya haiN| yahA~ dUsarA namUnA prastuta hai : supreyasI karuNayA bahu viSNumitra grAme'pyabhUt sasuta eva jano nRpe'smin / subhrAtRputrasahite kSatanADikRtta, taMtrI - galA - jabalimAya na devatApi / / isa padya meM kumArapAla kI amAri-ghoSaNA ke prabhAva kA varNana hai, sAtha meM hemavyAkaraNa ke pA~ca sUtroM 7. 3. 176-180 ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiN| 'subhrAtRputrasahite' pada kI TIkAkAra abhayatilakagaNi' ne vyAkhyA kara artha nikAlA hai ki ajayapAla kumArapAla kA bhatIjA thA parantu eka samakAlIna srota se jJAta hotA hai ki ajayapAla kumArapAla kA beTA thaa|' isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki hemacandra dvArA zabdoM ke vicitra prayoga se TIkAkAra ne putra ko bhatIje ke rUpa meM samajha liyA hai parantu isake dvArA kumArapAla ke amAri-ghoSaNA ke prabhAva ke varNana meM hemacandra saphala rahe haiM / __ yahA~ aba aise eka padya ko batalAte haiM jisameM hemacandra ne itihAsa aura byAkaraNa donoM ke uddezya pUrNa kiye haiM para usake agale padya meM ve asaphala rahe haiN| unhoMne 143 sarga ke 72veM padya meM varNana kiyA hai ki siddharAja ne rAjA yazovarmA ko, jo eka gaureyA cir3iyA ke samAna thA, parAjita kara diyA; parantu :. zobhano bhrAtA kumArapAlo yasya sa subhrAtA mahIpAladevastasya putro'jayapAla devastena shite| 2. surathotsava, 15. 31.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa Age eka padya meM hemacandra ne kahA hai ki yazovarmA ko harA dene ke bAda siddharAja jayasiMha ne aneka sImAvartI rAjAoM ko harA diyaa| unameM se eka-eka kI tulanA bhinna-bhinna prANiyoM se kI gaI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki siddharAja ne unheM vaise hI bA~dhA jaise una pazu-pazciyoM ko bA~dhA jAtA thaa| yadyapi isa padya meM, jaisA ki hama dUsare upAdAnoM se jAnate haiM, saMskRta kAvya ke anukUla veza meM ThIka sUcanA dI gaI hai parantu agalA padya to 6. 1. 81-96 ke kevala udAharaNoM ke rUpa meM hai| usase kucha aitihAsika tathya nikAlanA sacamuca meM bhrAnti hai| isa prakAra ke aneka padya haiN| udAharaNa ke lie hemacandra kahate haiM ki grAharipu kI patnI kA nAma nIlI thA ( 4. 48) / yahA~ sahasA sandeha hotA hai, kyoMki hemacandra se yaha AzA karanA kaThina hai ki ve usa rAnI kA nAma jAne jisakA pati mUlarAja ke dvArA 10vIM zatI I0 meM parAjita kiyA gayA ho / unakI sUcanA ke srotoM kI hama sugamatA se talAza kara sakate haiN| hemacandra ne apane eka sUtra 2. 4. 24 ke udAharaNa meM apanI laghuvRtti meM bhI nIlI zabda diyA hai / laghuvRtti dvathAzrayakAvya se pahale racI gaI thii| yaha spaSTa hai ki nIlI kI koI yathArtha sattA nahIM, vaha kevala vyAkaraNa ke sUtra kA udAharaNa prastuta karane kI suvidhA evaM AvazyakatA ke lie niSpanna kiyA gayA hai| punaH eka dUsare prasaMga meM hemacandra ne nirdeza kiyA hai ki mUlarAja ke tIna mitra nRpa the-revatImitra, gaMgamaha aura gaMgAmaha (4. 1.2), para ladhuvRtti ko dekhane para hama pAte haiM ki ve eka sUtra 2. 4. 99 ke udAharaNarUpa haiN| cUMki aise saMyoga aura nAma durlabha haiM isalie bahuta sambhava hai ki aise nAmadhArI mUlarAja ke mitra nRpa nahIM the| yaha saMbhAvanA aura bhI dRDha ho jAtI hai jaba hama dekhate haiM ki lakSmIkarNa ke darabAra meM bhIma kA dUta DIMga mAratA hai ki bhIma ke mitra nRpa bahuta the jinake vicitra nAma yanti, ranti, nanti, ganti, hanti Adi the ( 9.36) / yathArthataH ye zabda apanI laghuvRtti meM hemacandra ne 'na ti ki dIrghazca' sUtra ke udAharaNarUpa meM prastuta kiye haiM jinameM 'i' ko dIrgha na karane kA nirdeza hai| spaSTa hai ki isa padya kA koI aitihAsika mahattva nahIM hai| hemacandra ke samakAla meM Ane para hama dekhate haiM ki kumArapAla ke viruddha laDanevAle arNorAja ke mitra nRpoM ke nAma laghuvRtti meM anekoM sUtroM (6. 3. 6.25 ) ke udAharaNarUpa meM diye gaye hai parantu cAhaDa kA nAma, jisane hemacandra ke anusAra bhI kumArapAla ke viruddha arNorAja kA pazca liyA thA, vyAkaraNa ke kisI sUtra ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM nahIM diyA gyaa| aneka itihAsa-granthoM kA

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aitihAsika sAhitya 401 kathana hai ki isa avasara para cAhaDa kumArapAla ke viruddha lar3A thaa| isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki cAhaDa vAstavika vyakti thaa| yaha kahanA jarUrI hai ki mUlarAja, bhIma aura arNorAja ke mitra rAjAoM ke nAma jo dvathAzrayakAvya meM milate haiM ve anya srota se bilkula nahIM mAlUma hote haiN| dvathAzrayakAvya kA dUsarA rUpa usakA mahAkAvyatva hai jise hemacandra ne mahAkAvyocita sArabhUta tatvoM se sajAyA bhI hai| inase itihAsa kA koI sambandha nahIM parantu usa kAla ke dhArmika aura sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM ko jAnane kI pracura sAmagrI milatI hai| yahA~ hama hemacandra dvArA upekSita aitihAsika bAtoM para saMkSepa meM vicAra karate haiN| hama yahA~ una rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla para vicAra na kareMge jinakA hemacandra ko sAkSAt jJAna na thA / hemacandra siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke rAjya meM rahate the isalie hama AzA karate haiM ki unheM ina donoM nRpoM kI gatividhiyoM kA sAkSAt jJAna thA / agara hama unake dvArA diye vivaraNoM kA vicAra na kareM to kucha kamobeza rUpa meM kumArapAla ke rAjya kA varNana ThIka hI kiyA gayA hai parantu kumArapAla ke prAraMbhika jIvana kA vaNana nahIM diyA gyaa| saMbhavataH hemacandra usake prAraMbhika jIvana ke viSaya meM isalie mauna rahe ki siddharAja jayasiMha dvArA vaha bahuta samaya taka AtaMkita rhaa| para kisI itihAsalekhaka ke lie sArabhUta bAtoM kI upekSA karanA ucita bahAnA nahIM ho sktaa| sambhavataH aisA lagatA hai ki hemacandra ne jAnakara una bAtoM ko chor3A hai jo ki una caulukya rAjAoM kI kIrti ke lie apamAnajanaka hai| usane jayasiMha siddharAja ke pUrvaja nRpa bhIma aura dhArAnareza bhoja ke bIca ke sambandha ko bhI mauna rakhakara TAla diyA hai jise merutuMga, somezvara Adi itihAsalekhakoM ne vistAra se likhA hai| bhoja ke Upara bhIma kI vijaya caulukya itihAsa ke lie vizeSa ghaTanA thii| hemacandra sarvaprathama vidvAn hai jisane bhoja kA ullekha kiyA hai aura vaha paramAranareza ke duHkhAnta se nizcita rUpa se paricita thaa| isa tathya kA usane eka AvRta saMketa mAtra kara diyA jaba vaha kahatA hai ki lakSmIkaNa ne bhIma ko bhoja kI svarNamaNDapikA dI thii| isa AvRta saMketa ke poche hemacandra kA bhAva 1. vizeSa ke lie dekheM-20 cu0 modI, saMskRta dvayAzrayakAvyamAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtanI sAmAjika sthiti. 26

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402 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhoja meM apanI jaisI dANDityapUrNa AtmA dekhanA thA aura unake mana meM paramAra manISI ke prati itanA bar3A sammAna thA ki usakA patana - varNana karane meM ve apane ko asamartha pAte the| vismaya hai ki dvayAzraya kA sabase adhika anaitihAsika bhAga siddharAja ke rAjyakAla kA varNana hai / usakI mAlavA vijaya aura dhArmika kAryoM ke atirikta aisI koI aitihAsika ghaTanA kA varNana nahIM jisameM daivI camatkAroM kI bAteM na hoM / 10 veM sarga meM hemacandra ne karNa dvArA devI pUjA, devI kA prakaTa hokara putraprApti kA varadAna, phalasvarUpa jayasiMha kA putrarUpa meM utpanna honA Adi cAmatkArika bAtoM kA agale cAra sargoM taka varNana kiyA hai / 13veM sarga meM caraka kI parAjaya aura 14veM meM paramAra yazovarmA ke sAtha yuddha aura 15 veM meM jayasiMha ko putra prApti na hone aura kumArapAla ke uttarAdhikArI hone Adi kI ghaTanAe~ vAstavika hote hue bhI atimAnavIya tatvoM ke vizeSa puTa ke kAraNa ayathArtha jaisI lagatI haiN| Azcarya hai ki hemacandra ne yaha saba usa jayasiMha siddharAja ke viSaya meM likhA hai jisake darabAra meM unhoMne apane jIvana ke uttama varSa bitAye the aura kIrti prApta kI thA / yaha mAnanA ThIka nahIM ki unhoMne itihAsa likhanA cAhA thA / yaha bahuta sambhava hai ki vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ke udAharaNoM ne isake badale unheM daivatakathA ( Myth ) likhane ke lie bAdhya kiyA thA / phira bhI ina maryAdAoM ke bhItara dvayAzraya meM hemacandra ne kAmacalAU DhaMga se eka acchA itihAsa prastuta kiyA hai aura yaha spaSTa hai ki hemacandra ne viSaya kA cunAva aura tyAga vicArapUrvaka kiyA hai / dvayAzraya ko halAyudha ke kavirahasya jaisI anya kRtiyoM se bhinna hI mAnanA cAhie / kavirahasya meM dhAturUpoM kA chandAtmaka nidarzana aura sAtha hI rASTrakUTa nUna kRSNa tRtIya kA guNavarNana prastuta hai para usameM zAsaka nRpa kI kisI aitihAsika ghaTanA kA varNana nahIM hai / isake viparIta dvayAzraya meM nizcita rUpa se aneka aitihAsika vivaraNa mila jAte haiM / dvayAzraya kI hama binA pakSapAta ke itihAsa ke rUpa meM kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI se tulanA kara sakate haiN| itihAsa ke rUpa meM yaha vilhaNa ke vikramAMkadevacarita ke samakakSa bhI baiThatA hai / dvayAzrayakAvya vartamAna artha meM samajhA jAnevAlA itihAsa bhale na ho para apanI maryAdA ke bhItara aneka mahattvapUrNa sUcanAe~ dekara vaha Adhunika vaijJAnika itihAsalekhaka kA zraddhApAtra bana sakA hai /

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aitihAsika sAhitya bastupAla - tejapAla kA kIrtikathA - sAhitya : caukya vaMza ke paravartI nareza dvitIya bhIma ke samaya kA gujarAta kA itihAsa pramANa meM sabase adhika vigatavAlA aura adhika vizvasanIya sAmagrI ( sAhityika, purAtatvIya ) vAlA hai / isakA kAraNa usa samaya meM hue cANakya ke avatAra ke samAna gujarAta ke do mahAn aura advitIya bandhumantrI vastupAlatejapAla the / ina donoM bhAiyoM ke zaurya, cAturya aura audArya Adi aneka adbhuta guNoM ko lekara inake samakAlIna gujarAta ke pratibhAvAn paNDitoM aura kaviyoM ne inakI kIrti ko amara karane ke lie jitane kAvya, prabaMdha aura prazastiyoM Adi kI racanA kI hai utane bhArata meM dUsare kisI rAjapuruSa ke lie nahIM likhe gaye haiM / samakAlika kAvyoM meM jaina racanAe~ sukRtasaMkIrtana aura vasantanivAsa haiM / sukRtasaMkIrtana : isa kAvya meM 11 sarga aura 553 padya haiM / isameM mahAmAtya vastupAla ke jIvana aura kAryakalApoM kA, vizeSakara usake dhArmika aura lokapriya kAryoM kA adhika varNana hai / isake prathama sarga meM agahilavAr3a meM rAjya karanevAle prathama rAjavaMza cApotkaTa yA cAvar3A rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI aura ukta nagara kA varNana diyA gayA hai / yahA~ yaha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ki yaha pahalA aitihAsika kAvya hai jisameM cAvar3AvaMza kA varNana hai / isake bAda udayaprabhakRta sukRtakIrtikallolinI meM hI ukta 403 1. jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, granthAGka 51, saM0 1974; iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhAga 31, pR0 477 prabhRti; jinaratnakoza, pR0 443 ; isa kAvya kA mUla, jarmana anuvAda evaM bhUmikA jI0 buhalara ne jarmana patrikA sitsuMgaverikhte ( bhAga 119, san 1899 ) meM nikAle the / jarmana anuvAda aura bhUmikA kA aMgrejI anuvAda i0 eca0 barjesa ne 1903 meM iNDiyana eNTIkverI patrikA meM prakAzita kiye, pIche alaga pustikA ke rUpa meM jarmana aura aMgrejI pATha prakAzita hue; siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 32. 2. cAvar3AvaMza kA prAcInatama zilAlekhIya ullekha vi0 saM0 1208 ( 1152 I0 ) kI vaDanagara kI kumArapAlaprazasti meM milatA hai / cAvar3oM kI vaMzAvalI ke lie dekheM- iNDiyana eNTIkverI.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vaMza kA varNana milatA hai / hemacandra isa vaMza ke viSaya meM mauna haiM, hAlAMki isa vaMza ke vanarAja ne hI aNahilavAr3a kI sthApanA kI thI / cAvar3A zAkhA ke ATha rAjAoM ke nAma arisiMha ne ginAye haiM : vanarAja, yogarAja, ratnAditya, vairasiMha, kSemarAja, cAmuNDa, rAhas aura bhUbhaTa / inameM se kevala vanarAja ke viSaya meM sUcanA hai ki usane aNahilavAr3a meM paMcAsarA pArzvanAtha kA mandira nirmANa karAyA thA jisakA Age calakara vastupAla ne jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| dUsare sarga meM caulukya vaMza kA varNana hai jisameM mUlarAja se bhImadeva dvitIya ke rAjyakAla taka kA saMkSipta vivaraNa hai / bhImadeva dvitIya ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha cintAoM se bahuta ghirA huA thA kyoMki usake rAjya ko sAmantoM aura mANDalikoM ne har3apa liyA thaa| tIsare sarga meM bhIma dvArA baghelA lavaNaprasAda ko sarvezvara pada aura vIradhavala ko yuvarAja pada tathA maMtrI pada para vastupAla aura tejapAla kI niyukti kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| cauthe se gyArahaveM taka ke sarga vastupAla ke sukRtyoM, satkAryoM se bhare par3e haiM jinase tatkAlIna dhArmika, sAmAjika rItirivAjoM kA digdarzana milatA hai aura kAvya kA zIrSaka sukRtyoM ke saMkIrtana dvArA caritArtha kiyA gayA hai / 404 racayitA aura racanAkAla - - isa kAvya ke racayitA Thakkura arisiMha haiM / prabaMdhakoza ke anusAra yaha kavi vAyaGgaccha ke jinadattasUri kA anuyAyI thA / arisiMha jaina zrAvaka hote hue bhI suprasiddha gadyakAra aura kavi muni amaracandra kA guru thA / ye donoM sAhityika eka gRhastha aura dUsarA sAdhu paraspara milakara kAma karate the / arisiMha vastupAla kA priya kavi thA tathA vaghelAnareza ke rAjadarabAriyoM meM eka thA / kAvya ke par3hane se jJAta hotA hai ki isakI racanA tatra kI gaI thI jaba vastupAla apanI sattA ke zikhara para thA / phira bhI vastupAla ke jIvanakAla ke vi0 saM0 1278 ( san 1222 I0 ) ke bAda hI isakI racanA honA cAhie kyoMki isameM AbU para mallinAtha kI banI kulikA kA varNana hai jo usa varSa banI thii| sAtha hI ise vi0 saM0 1288-89 pUrva banI honA cAhie kyoMki isameM vastupAla dvArA kiye sabhI kAryoM kA varNana nahIM hai / isa kAvya ke atirikta arisiMha kI anya kRtiyoM kA patA nahIM / 1. buhalara, iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhAga 31, pR0 480.

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aitihAsika sAhitya vasantavilAsa : isa kAvya' meM prasiddha amAtya vastupAla ke jIvana caritra kA varNana hai / vastupAla kA kavimitroM dvArA pradatta dvitIya nAma vasantapAla thA / yaha eka aitihAsika kAvya hai jisameM 14 sarga haiM / isameM kula milAkara 1021 padya haiM jo anuSTubhamAna se 1596 haiM / pratyeka sarga ke anta meM kavi ne vastupAla ke. putra jaitrasiMha kI prazaMsA meM eka vRtta racA hai, jisake anurodha para usane yaha kAvya banAyA thA / vastupAla ke samakAlika kavi dvArA racita hone se isameM varNita ghaTanAoM kI sacAI meM sandeha ke lie bahuta kama avakAza hai / gujarAta ke itihAsa para isa kAvya se nimnalikhita tathyoM kI jAnakArI hotI hai : 405 1. caulukya vaMza kI brahmA ke culuka jala se utpatti tathA mUlarAja se lekara bhIma dvitIya taka narezoM kA varNana / isameM jayasiMha, kumArapAla aura bhIma dvitIya ke sambandha meM apekSAkRta vistAra se varNana hai / 2. baghelAzAkhA ke arNorAja, usake putra lavaNaprasAda tathA usake putra vIradhavala kA varNana kara kina paristhitiyoM meM vastupAla - tejapAla kI maMtripada para niyukti huI, isakA varNana hai / " 3. vastupAla ke prAgvATa vaMza kA varNana tathA pUrvaja caNDapa, caNDaprasAda, soma ke varNana ke bAda soma ke putra azvarAja ( vastupAla ke pitA ) aura usakI patnI kumAradevI kA varNana / unase malladeva, vastupAla aura tejapAla ye tIna putra hue / 4. vastupAla kI mantripada para niyukti se vIradhavala ke rAjya kI dina-pratidina unnati honA / vIradhavala dvArA lATa deza para AkramaNakara aura khambhAta ko chInakara vahA~ vastupAla ko gavarnara banAnA / vastupAla dvArA zAsana vyavasthA meM sudhAra tathA sampUrNa dharmoM meM samabhAva / vastupAla kA kAvyaprema tathA kaviyoM ke prati sammAna / 1. gAyakavAr3a prAcya granthamAlA, bar3audA, 1917; jinaratnakoza, pR0 344. 2. sarga 1. 75. 3. isa varNana kA milAna kIrtikaumudI aura sukRtasaMkIrtana se kara sakate haiM / 4. yaha varNana kIrtikaumudI meM varNita kathA kA anukaraNa pratIta hotA hai /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 5. mAravAr3a deza ke rAjAoM aura lUNasAka nareza ke bIca yuddha, vIradhavala kA mAravAr3a ke rAjAoM kI sahAyatA ke lie jAnA / bhRgukaccha ke zAsaka zaMkha ke AkramaNa kA vastupAla dvArA sAmanA karanA aura use parAsta krnaa| 6. vastupAla kA saMghasahita za@jaya aura girinAra-yAtrA meM jAnA / vastupAla kI mRtyu mAgha kRSNA paJcamI saM0 1296 somavAra ko zatrujaya meM honA / vaise vasantavilAsa kI kathAvastu choTo hai para usakA mahAkAvyocita vidhi se vistAra kiyA gayA hai| prAraMbhika cAra sagaM kathAnaka kI bhUmikAmAtra prastuta karate haiN| pahale meM kavi ne kAvya kI mahattA para prakAza DAlakara apanA paricaya diyA hai| dUsare sarga meM aNahillapattana nagara kA varNana tathA tRtIya meM mUlarAja se lekara bhIma dvitIya taka caulukyavaMzI rAjAoM kA paricaya tathA baghelA vIradhavala aura usake pUrvajoM kA paricaya dekara vIradhavala dvArA vastupAla-tejapAla kI mantripada para niyukti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| cauthe meM vastupAla ke guNoM kA varNana karake vIradhavala dvArA usako khambhAta kA zAsaka niyukta kiye jAne kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pA~cave sarga se kathA ko gati milatI hai| isameM lUNasAka nRpati ke sAtha mAravAr3anareza kA yuddha chir3ane aura vIradhavala kA sasainya jAne kA varNana hai| isI sarga meM lATanareza zaMkha ke dhavalakkaka para AkramaNa karane aura vastupAla dvArA use parAjita karake bhagAne kA varNana hai| chaThe sarga meM kavi paramparAnusAra RtuvarNana, vaise hI sAtaveM meM puSpAvacaya, dolAkor3A evaM jalakrIr3A kA varNana tathA AThaveM meM candrodaya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| nave sUryodaya nAmaka sarga meM rAtri meM nidrAmagna vastupAla svapna dekhatA hai jisameM eka paira kA dharma laMgar3AtA huA vastupAla ke pAsa Akara prArthanA karatA hai ki kaliyuga ke prabhAva se maiM eka pAda kA raha gayA hU~' ataH Apa tIrthayAtrAe~ karake merI vyAkulatA ko dUra kreN| vastupAla usakI prArthanA svIkAra kara lete haiN| isI samaya prAtaHkAla ho jAtA hai aura vastupAla jAga jAte haiN| isameM kathAnaka kA TUTA huA sUtra kavi ne phira pakar3A hai| ____ dasarve sarga se lekara terahaveM sarga taka vastupAla kI tIrthayAtrAoM kA vistRta varNana hai| dasaveM meM zatrujayayAtrA, gyArahaveM meM prabhAsatIrthayAtrA, bArahaveM meM raivatakagiri varNana aura terahaveM meM raivatakayAtrA kA varNana hai| isI sarga meM vastupAla 1. yaha varNana bhAgavatapurANa ( 1. 16-17 ) ke anukaraNa para hai|

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aitihAsika sAhitya kA lauTakara dhavalakkaka vApisa Ane kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| antima caudahaveM sarga meM vastupAla dvArA kiye gaye aneka dharmakAryoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai tathA mAgha kRSNA paJcamI somavAra saM0 1296 prAtaH sadgati jAne kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM rUpakatatva kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| . isa kAvya meM kavi ne caritracitraNa kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai| isameM vastupAla, tejapAla, vIradhavala, zaMkha Adi aneka pAtra haiM para vastupAla ke udAtta caritra kA citraNa hI isa kAvya kA uddezya hai / prAkRtika citraNa bhI isa kAvya meM acchI taraha kiyA gayA hai| hA~, isameM kavi-paramparA-sammata saundarya-citraNa nahIM jaisA hai| iso taraha sAmAjika citraNa karanevAlI vizeSa sAmagrI isameM nahIM hai| para tatkAlIna rAjanItika itihAsa jAnane kI isameM pracura sAmagrI hai| kavi ne dhArmika siddhAntoM kA bhI kahIM varNana nahIM kiyA parantu usane dharma kI ArAdhanA meM tIrthayAtrA ko vizeSa mahatva diyA hai| ___ rasoM kI abhivyakti kI dRSTi se yaha vIra-rasa-pradhAna kAvya hai| pA~caveM sarga meM vIra-rasa kI abhivyakti sundara DhaMga se huI hai| yuddha-prasaMga meM raudrarasa aura vIbhatsa-rasa kI jhA~kI bhI dRSTigata hotI hai| dasave se terahaveM sage taka vastupAla kI dharmavIratA evaM dAnavIratA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| chaThe, sAtaveM evaM AThaveM sargoM meM saMyoga-zRMgAra kA paripAka huA hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA sarala, komala evaM svAbhAvika tathA praur3ha evaM parimArjita hai| sAmAnyatayA bhASA bhAvAnukUla hai| yatra-tatra sUktiyoM kA prayoga bhI bhASA meM huA hai| bArahaveM sarga meM kavi ne zabdakrIr3A evaM pANDitya pradarzana karate hue durUha padyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| bhASA ko sajAne ke lie vividha alaMkAroM kI yojanA bhI kavi ne pracura mAtrA meM kI hai| zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa, yamaka evaM vIpsA kA tathA arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA aura utprekSA kA pracura prayoga huA hai| anya alaMkAroM meM apahnati, asaMgati, virodha, arthAntaranyAsa, atizayokti kA prayoga draSTavya hai| chandoM ke prayoga meM kavi ne mahAkAvya paramparA ko apanAyA hai| pratyeka sarga meM eka chanda kA prayoga aura sargAna meM chandaparivartana kiye gaye haiN| kucha sargoM meM vividha chandoM kI yojanA bhI huI hai| isa taraha isa kAvya meM 29 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| inameM upajAti kA prayoga sabase adhika huA hai| 1. sarga 10.7, 17, 23, 11. 82.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kaviparicaya evaM racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke racayitA bAlacandrasUri haiN| isa kAvya ke prathama sarga meM kavi ne apanA jaina muni hone se pahale ke jIvana kA paricaya diyA hai| tadanusAra kavi moDheraka grAmavAsI dharAdeva brAhmaNa aura usakI patnI vidyuta ke muMjAla nAma ke putra the| bAlyAvasthA meM hI virakta hokara muMjAla ne jainI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| usake guru candragacchIya haribhadrasUri ne dIkSA kA nAma bAlacandra rkhaa| bAlacandra ne apane samaya ke prasiddha vidvAn padmAditya se zikSA grahaNa kI thI tathA vAdidevagaccha ke udayaprabhasUri se sArasvata maMtra prApta kiyA thA jisake phalasvarUpa vaha mahAkavi bana prastuta kAvya raca sakA / dIkSAguru haribhadra ne apane jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM bAlacandra ko apane pada para-AcArya pada para-pratiSThita kiyA / prabaMdhacintAmaNi meM batalAyA gayA hai ki vastupAla ne bAlacandra kI kavitvazakti se prasanna hokara unake AcAryapada mahotsava meM eka sahasra dramma kharca kiye the| bAlacandrasUri ne 'karuNAvajrAyudha' nAmaka pA~ca aMkoM kA eka nATaka bhI likhA hai jo vastupAla kI eka saMghayAtrA ke samaya zatrujaya meM yAtriyoM ke vinodArtha AdinAtha ke mandira meM dikhAyA gayA thaa| isake atirikta bAlacandrasUri ne AsaDa kavikRta 'vivekamaMjarI' tathA 'upadezakaMdalI' nAmaka granthoM para TIkAe~ bho likhii| vasantavilAsa kavi kI antima kRti hai aura vaha vastupAla kI mRtyu ke pazcAt likhI gaI thI kyoMki isameM vastupAla ke svargagamana kA varNana hai| vastupAla kI mRtyu saM0 1296 meM huI tho| isa kAvya kI racanA vastupAla ke putra jaitrasiMha ke manovinoda ke lie ko thii| jaitrasiMha apane pitA ke jIvanakAla meM hI saM0 1279 meM khambhAta kA gavarnara banAyA gayA thaa| taba usakI Ayu 25 varSa ke lagabhaga rahI hogI aura vastupAla kI mRtyu ke samaya usakI avasthA 42-43 varSa kI rahI hogii| yadi vaha 80 varSa kI pUrNAyu pAkara marA thA to usakI mRtyu saM0 1333-34 ke lagabhaga huI hogii| cU~ki isa kAvya kI racanA jaitrasiMha ke jIvanakAla meM hI ho gaI thI ataH isakI racanA kA samaya saM0 1296 se saM0 1334 kA madhyavartIkAla mAnanA caahie| vastupAla ke jIvana para Azrita dUsarA aitihAsika kAvya hai saMghapaticaritra aparanAma dharmAbhyudayakAvya / isake prathama sarga meM vastupAla kI vaMzaparamparA tathA vastupAla ke mantrI banane kA nirdeza hai tathA antima sarga meM vastupAla kI saMghayAtrA kA aitihAsika vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| yaha kAvya adhikAMza dharma

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aitihAsika sAhitya kathAoM se bharA huA hai| isakA vivecana hama kathA - sAhitya prakaraNa' meM kara Aye haiM / vastupAla - tejapAla mantridvaya ko nimitta banAkara nATaka, prazastiyA~ evaM zilAlekha Adi bhI race gaye haiM jinameM tatkAlIna gujarAta ke itihAsa ko jAnane ke lie bahuta-sI sAmagrI upalabdha hai / samakAlika sAhitya meM jayasiMhasUra kA likhA huA hammIramadamardana nATaka vastupAla ke rAjanaitika aura phaujI jIvana ke nirUpaNa meM upayogI hai kyoMki usameM muslima AkramaNa ko viphala karanevAlI yuddhanIti kA varNana nATakIya zailI meM kiyA gayA hai / isa nATaka kA vizeSa paricaya hama pIche de rahe haiM / jinabhadra ( 1234 I0 ) kI prabaMdhAvalI meM vastupAla ke jIvana kI kucha aisI ghaTanAoM kI ora izArA kiyA gayA hai jo mukhya kAlakrama kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM parama sahAyaka huI haiM / isI taraha narendraprabhasUri kI vastupAlaprazasti, udayaprabhasUri kI sukRtakIrti kallolinI evaM vastupAlastuti tathA jayasiMhasUrikRta vastupAla - tejapAlaprazasti bhI aitihAsika mahattva kI haiN| inakA paricaya prazastikAvyoM meM de rahe haiM / 401 pazcAtkAlika sAhityika sAmagrI meM merutuMga kA prabaMdhacintAmaNi ( 1305 I 0 ), rAjazekhara kA prabaMdhakoza ( 1349 I0 ) aura purAtanaprabaMdha saMgraha ( jisameM 13vIM, 14vIM, 15vIM zatI ke aneka prabaMdha saMkalita haiM ), jinaprabhasUri kA vividhatIrthakalpa tathA jinaharSagaNi kA vastupAlacarita haiM / inakA paricaya yathAsthAna de rahe haiM / isI taraha vastupAla - tejapAla ke jIvana para aneka zilAlekhIya evaM granthaprazastiyA~ bhI prApta haiM / unakA bhI yathAsaMbhava paricaya dene kA prayatna kareMge / caudahavIM -pandrahavIM zatI ke aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| caulukya nRpa kumArapAla para race gaye kucha kAvyoM kA ullekha hamane paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke paricaya meM kiyA hai / vahA~ unakA aitihAsika mahattva nahIM batalAyA / yahA~ hama unameM se kucha kA paricaya dete haiM / 1. dekheM pR0 258.

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410 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita: isa kAvya' se nimnalikhita aitihAsika tathyoM kI jAnakArI milatI hai : isameM mUlarAja se lekara ajayapAla taka gujarAta ke narezoM kA kramika vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / isake lie isa kAvya kA prathama sarga bar3e mahatva kA hai| isameM mUlarAja kI utpatti kA eka aisA varNana milatA hai jo dUsarI jagaha nahIM miltaa| yaha varNana bahuta hada taka eka zilAlekha se bhI samarthita hai| jayasiMha siddharAja ko isa kAvya meM zaivadharmAnuyAyI tathA santAnarahita nareza kahA gayA hai| usane kumArapAla ko uttarAdhikAra na milane ke lie taMga kiyA thA / kumArapAla ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki prAraMbha meM vaha zaivadharmAnuyAyo thA, pIche hemacandrAcArya ke prabhAva se vaha jaina ho gayA thaa| udayana usakA mahAmAtya thA aura vAgbhaTa usakA amAtya / kumArapAla ne apane sAle kRSNadeva ko andhA kara diyA thaa| usane jAbAlapura, kuru tathA mAlava ke rAjAoM ko apane prabhAva meM kara liyA thA tathA AbhIra, saurASTra, kaccha, paMcanada aura mUlasthAna ke narezoM ko parAjita kiyA thaa| kumArapAla ne ajamera ke zAsaka arNorAja se kAphI samaya taka yuddha kiyA thA evaM use parAjita kiyA thaa| usane mer3atA aura pallIkoTa ke narezoM ko jItA thA tathA kokaNanareza mallikArjuna ko harAyA thA evaM isa vijaya ke upalakSya meM AmrabhaTa ko 'rAjapitAmaha' viruda diyA thA / kumArapAla ne somanAtha kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA thaa| somanAtha kI yAtrA meM hemacandrasUri usake sAtha the| kumArapAla ne saurASTra ke rAjA samarasa se yuddha kiyA thA aura usa yuddha meM udayana kI mRtyu huI thii| vAgbhaTa ne zatrujayatIrtha kA do bAra uddhAra kiyA thaa| hemacandrasUri ne bhRgukaccha meM AmrabhaTa dvArA nirmita munisuvratanAtha caitya meM saM0 1211 meM jinabimba kI pratiSThA kI thI |kumaarpaal saMghapati banakara tIrthayAtrA karane nikalA thaa| saM0 1229 meM hemacandra kI mRtyu huI thI tathA isake eka varSa bAda saM0 1230. meM kumArapAla kI mRtyu huI thii| kumArapAla ke bAda ajayapAla rAjagaddI para baiThA thaa| isa kAvya ke anya guNoM tathA kaviparicaya para hama likha cuke haiN| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 92, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1915, goDIjI jaina upAzraya, bambaI, 1926.

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aitihAsika sAhitya isa kAvya ke racayitA jayasiMhasUri ke praziSya ne eka dUsarA aitihAsika kAvya likhA thA jo cauhAnavaMza se sambaddha hai| usakA paricaya isa prakAra hai : hammIramahAkAvya : ___ isa kAvya' meM raNathaMbhora ke cauhAnavaMzo antima nareza hammIra aura dillI ke bAdazAha alAuddIna ke bIca hue aitihAsika yuddha kA varNana hai| isameM 14 sarga haiM jinameM saba milAkara 1564 zloka haiN| yaha aitihAsika zailI ke mahAkAvyoM meM mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isa kAvya kA kathAnaka sargakrama se isa prakAra hai : prathama sarga meM cAhamAna kula kI utpatti tathA vAsudeva se lekara siMharAja taka hammIra ke pUrvajoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya tathA tRtIya sarga meM pRthvIrAja cAhamAna aura sahAbadIna ke bIca sAta bAra yuddha aura anta meM pRthvIrAja kI parAjaya aura bandIgRha meM mRtyu hone kA varNana hai| caturtha sarga meM hammIra ke janma kA varNana hai| hammIra pRthvIrAja ke pautra govindarAja kI zAkhA meM usake pautra jaitrasiMha aura rAnI hIrAdevI kA putra thaa| paMcama sarga meM vasantaRtu Ane para yuvaka hammIra ke udyAna meM jAne aura vahA~ paura-paurAGganAoM kI vanakrIr3A kA varNana hai| SaSTha sarga meM jaitrasAgara meM unakI jalakrIr3A kA varNana hai| saptama meM saMdhyA, candrodaya tathA rAtri-varNana hai| aSTama meM jaitrasiMha hammIra ko rAjA banAtA hai aura rAjanIti para bar3e mahatva ke upadeza detA hai| kucha samaya bAda vaha divaMgata ho jAtA hai / navama sarga meM hammIra kI digvijaya kA varNana hai| dillI ke bAdazAha alAuddIna kA eka mugala saradAra usakA apamAna kara hammIra kI zaraNa meM bhAga jAtA hai| hammIra ke use vApasa na karane para alAuddIna apane bhAI ullUkhAna ko hammIra para AkramaNa karane bhejatA hai| hammIra usa samaya koTiyajJa kara rahA thA ataH trizuddhivrata lene ke kAraNa svayaM yuddhakSetra meM na jAkara apane senApati bhImasiMha aura dharmasiMha ko yuddha karane bhejatA hai| dharmasiMha kI mUrkhatA se cauhAna senA hAra jAtI 1. saMpA0-nIlakaNTha janArdana kIrtane, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1879; muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita, rAjasthAna granthamAlA se prakAzita, isameM DA0 dazaratha zarmA kI bhUmikA draSTavya hai| vizeSa ke lie dekheM-DA. zyAmazaMkara dIkSitakRta 'terahavoM-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya', pR0 163-192.

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412 jana sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai aura bhImasiMha mArA jAtA hai| hammIra kruddha hokara dharmasiMha kI donoM A~kheM nikalavA detA hai aura use dezanikAlA detA hai tathA apane jAtIya bhoja ko daNDanAyaka banA detA hai| para dharmasiMha apanI kUTanIti se punaH apanA pada prAptakara letA hai aura hammIra ke kAna bharakara bhoja kA sarvasva chInakara use bhagA detA hai / bhoja dillI jAkara alAuddIna se mila jAtA hai| bhoja ke sthAna para hammIra ratipAla ko niyukta karatA hai| dazama sarga meM ullUkhAna kA parAjita honA, bhoja ke parivAra kI durdazA kA varNana sunakara alAuddIna kA AgababUlA honA aura hammIra ko naSTa karane kI pratijJA karanA varNita hai| ekAdaza sarga meM nisurattakhAna aura ullUkhAna kA vizAla senA ke sAtha AnA tathA yuddha meM nisurattakhAna kA mArA jAnA dikhAyA gayA hai| dvAdaza sarga meM alAuddIna kA svayaM raNastaMbhapura AnA, hammIra aura usakI senA meM do dina taka bhayaMkara saMgrAma honA, yuddha meM alAuddIna kI bahuta sI senA kA mArA jAnA varNita hai| trayodaza saga meM alAuddIna dvArA ghUsa dekara ratipAla ko apane pakSa meM milA lenA, ratipAla dvArA anya karmacAriyoM ko bhI alAuddIna ke pazca meM kara lenA, isa vizvAsaghAta se hammIra kA jaya se nirAza honA, phalasvarUpa antaHpura kI striyoM kA jauhara kI Aga meM jala maranA aura yuddha meM apanI hAra dekhakara hammIra dvArA apanA vadha kara lenA varNita hai| caturdaza sarga meM hammIra ke guNoM kI stuti, bhoja, ratipAla Adi kI nindA dI gaI hai| anta meM granthakartA kI prazasti ke sAtha kAvya kI samApti hotI hai| hammIramahAkAvya kI kathAvastu ke uparyukta vizleSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki isa kAvya ke prathama cAra sargoM meM itivRttAtmakatA adhika hai| ye sarga cauhAnavaMza ke itihAsa kA kAma karate haiN| bAda ke cAra sa! (5-8 taka) meM kavi ne mahAkAvya kI zailI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| phira itihAsa kI bAta navama sarga se Age bar3hakara terahaveM sarga meM samApta ho jAtI hai| caudahavA~ sarga prazastirUpa hI hai| vastutaH 'hammIramahAkAvya' eka duHkhAnta mahAkAvya hai jisakA anta nAyaka kI parAjaya evaM mRtyu se huA hai| kAvya meM isa aitihAsika tathya kI upekSA nahIM kI gaI hai| phira bhI isake par3hane se pAThakoM ke mana meM nirAzA kI bhAvanA kA saMcAra nahIM hotaa| usakA mastiSka zaraNAgata ke pratipAlana aura jAtigaurava kI rakSA ke lie kI gaI kurbAnI se U~cA ho uThatA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha suspaSTa, sugaThita kRti hai aura alaukika tatvoM se rahita hai / raNathaMbhaura zAkhA ke cauhAnoM ke itihAsavarNana meM sAla, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, vAra, nakSatrAdi

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aitihAsika sAhitya 413 ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha ghaTanAoM ke kArya-kAraNa sambandha ko pradarzita kara kavi ne aitihAsikoM ke hRdaya meM bar3A hI sammAna kA sthAna pA liyA hai / mahAkAvyIya tattvoM kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to yaha eka udAtta kAvya hai / isameM nAyaka aura pratinAyaka arthAt hammIra aura alAuddIna tathA anya sahAyaka aura pratipakSI pAtroM kA acchA caritra-citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isI taraha prakRti kA vyApaka citraNa bhI huA hai| paMcama se lekara navama sarga taka tathA trayodaza sarga meM prakRti kA citraNa hI kavi kA lakSya rahA hai / saundarya-citraNa meM kavi ne puruSapAtroM meM hammIra tathA tropAtroM meM hammIra kI mAtA hIrAdevI tathA nartakI dhArAdevI kA saundarya - varNana kiyA hai / samAja -citraNa kI bhI yatra-tatra jhalaka dI gaI hai, jaise sAmAnya janatA tathA rAjA-mahArAjAoM meM muhUrta aura zubhalagnoM ke prati apUrva vizvAsa, hindU rAjAoM meM yajJa kI paramparA, rAjanIti meM chalakapaTa Adi / kavi ne isa kAvya meM dhArmika bhAvanA na ke barAbara vyakta kI hai / kevala maMgalAcaraNa meM jinadevatA aura brAhmaNadevatA donoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai tathA dUsarI jagaha hammIra dvArA mArinivAraNa aura satavyasana- varjana kI ghoSaNA | yathAsthAna dikhalAyA rayojanA kI dRSTi se yaha apane yuga kA zreSTha kAvya hai / isameM zRMgAra aura vora-rasa ko pramukha sthAna milA hai / kavi ne svayaM ise zRMgAravIrAdbhuta kAvya kahA hai / isI taraha raudra, karuNa aura vAtsalya rasoM kI abhivyakti bhI yathAsthAna huI hai / isa kAvya kI bhASA meM garimA aura praur3hatA hai / kAvyalekhaka nayacandrasUri kI bhASA apane padalAlitya ke lie paNDitoM meM prasiddha rahI hai / usakI bhASA meM mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda tInoM gugoM ko gayA hai / kavi ne bhASA meM sUktiyoM aura subhASitoM kA yathAsthAna prayoga kara mohakatA bhI lA dI hai / vividyAlaMkAroM kI yojanA kara kavi ne kAvya saundarya kI bRddhi kI hai / zabdAlaMkAroM meM yamaka aura anuprAsa kA prayoga nahA~-tahA~ kiyA gayA hai, ve svAbhAvikatA lie hue bhI haiM / arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA aura rUpaka alaMkAroM kI yojanA adhika huI hai / nayacandrasUri kI upamAe~ to anUThI haiM / anya alaMkAroM kA bhI upayoga yathAsthAna huA hai / chandoM ke prayoga meM kavi ne mahAkAvya ke chandovidhAna sambandhI niyamoM kA prAyaH pAlana kiyA hai / kAvya ke sargAnta meM nAnA chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / dasaveM sarga meM vividha chandoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| isa kAvya meM kula milAkara 26 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / I

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414 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke anta meM prazasti dvArA kavi ne apanA jo paricaya diyA hai usake anusAra isake racayitA mahAkavi nayacandrasUri haiM jo kumArapAlabhUpAlacaritra ke racayitA kRSNagacchIya jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya prasannacandrasUri ke ziSya the| prazasti meM kavi ne isa kAvya ke racane ke do preraNA-sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| pahalA yaha ki hammIra kI divaMgata AtmA ne unheM svapna meM hammIracarita grathita karane kA Adeza diyaa| dUsarA yaha ki gvAliyara ke tatkAlIna zAsaka vIramadeva tomara (1440-1474 I.) kI yaha ukti ki prAcIna kaviyoM ke sadRza manohara kAvya kI racanA aba kauna kara sakatA hai ? isa cunautI ke phalasvarUpa use sarasa kAvya racane kI preraNA milii| - isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kaba huI isakA spaSTa ullekha kahIM nahIM miltaa| zrI agaracanda nohaTA ko koTA ke jaina bhaNDAra se isa kAvya kI prAcInatama hastalikhita prati vi0 saM0 1486 kI milI hai ataH isakI racanA isake pUrva to avazya ho cukI thii| jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa ke lekhaka zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne isa kAvya kA racanAkAla saM0 1440 ke lagabhaga mAnA hai| isakI puSTi itihAsajJa vidvAn DA0 dazaratha zarmA ne bhI kI hai| unakA kahanA hai"hammIramahAkAvya' meM samaya nahIM diyA gayA kintu anumAna se kucha jJAna prApta kara sakate haiN| nayacandrasUri ne apane dAdAguru jayasiMhasUri ke 'kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita' kI TIkA saM0 1422 meM likhI thii| jayasiMhasUri ne prasanna hokara nayacandrasUri ko 'avadhAnasAvadhAnaH pramANaniSThaH kavitvaniSNAtaH' ke vizeSaNoM se abhihita kiyA hai| ina vizeSaNoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue unakI Ayu sambhavataH 30 varSa kI rahI hogii| 'hammIramahAkAvya' ko racanA ke samaya kavi labdhapratiSTha ho cuke the| isalie saM0 1422 ke kucha samaya bAda arthAt saM0 1440 ke lagabhaga isa kAvya kA racanAkAla mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai / tomaranareza vIramadeva, jisake rAjyakAla meM yaha kAvya likhA gayA thA, kA samaya jayapura bhaNDAra ke eka grantha se jJAta hotA hai ki usane saM0 1479 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| yadi saM0 1440 ko, jisa samaya ke lagabhaga ukta kAvya kI racanA kI gaI thI, ukta nareza kA prathama rAjyavarSa mAne to ukta nareza kA rAjyakAla 40 varSa ke lagabhaga baiThatA hai jo ki sambhava hai| sambhavataH nayacandrasUri vIrama ke darabAra meM usake rAjya ke prArambha meM hI pahuMce the| naye rAjA ko usa samaya 1. sarga 11, zlo0 26 aura 43. 2. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, varSa 64, saM0 2016, pR0 67.

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aitihAsika sAhitya kAvya kA zauka thaa| nayacandra taba 50 varSa ke rahe hoNge| isa sabase anumAna hotA hai ki ukta kAvya kI racanA saM0 ke 1440 Asa-pAsa, saMbhavataH saM0 1450 ke pUrva huI hai| kumArapAlacarita: yaha 15vIM zatI kA kumArapAla para dUsarA kAvya hai|' isameM 10 sarga haiM jinameM kula milAkara 2032 zloka haiN| isakA aitihAsika aMza atyalpa hai phira bhI isase kumArapAla tathA usake pUrvajoM ke viSaya meM kucha jAnakArI avazya prApta ho jAtI hai isalie ise aitihAsika kAvya kahate haiM / isa kAvya se nimnalikhita aitihAsika bAteM jJAta hotI haiM : 1. bhImadeva mUlarAja kA pratApI vaMzaja thaa| usakI do patniyoM se do putra karNarAja aura kSemarAja hue the| (prathama sarga) 2. karNarAja apane putra jayasiMhadeva ko rAjya dekara AzApallI calA gyaa| vaha tatkAlIna mAlavanareza ko daNDita karanA cAhatA thA kintu usakA zIghra dehAnta ho gyaa| jayasiMha ne apane pitA kI pratijJA pUrI kI para usane mAlavarAja ko punaH pratiSThita kara diyaa| usane karNATa, lATa, magadha, kaliMga, vaMga, kazmIra, kIra, maru, sindhu Adi dezoM ko jItakara apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyA / (dvitIya sarga) 3. kSemarAja ke putra tribhuvanapAla ke tIna putra the-kumArapAla, mahIpAla, kIrtipAla / jayasiMha ne kumArapAla ke pitA kA vadha karA diyA jisase use bhI janmabhUmi chor3akara dezAntaroM meM bhaTakanA pdd'aa| (dvitIya sarga) ___4. jayasiMha ke pazcAt kumArapAla siMhAsana para AsIna huaa| usane zAkaMbharInareza arNorAja ko parAsta kiyA thaa| usake mantrIputra ambaDa ne koMkaNarAja mallikArjuna kA prANAnta kara bahuta-sA dhana prApta kiyaa| gajanI ke bAdazAha ne kumArapAla para AkramaNa kiyA kintu hemacandra ne maMtrabala se use bA~dha diyA / DAhalanareza karNa ne mI usa para car3hAI karane kI yojanA banAI thI kintu aisA karane ke pUrva hI vaha mara gyaa| ( 3, 6, 10 sarga) 5. cAlukyoM kI kuladevI kaNTezvarI thii| 6. kumArapAla ko hemacandra ne jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| (paJcama sarga) 1. jaina bhAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1973; jinaratnakoza, pR0 92.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 7. hemacandra evaM kumArapAla tathA jaina mantrI vAgbhaTa, AmrabhaTa Adi dvArA jainadharma kI prabhAvanAviSayaka carcAe~ jayasiMhasUri ke kumArapAla bhUpAlacarita ke samAna hI haiN| 416 isa kAvya ko anya mahAkAvyocita lakSaNoM dvArA bhI kavi ne sajAyA hai / isa kAvya meM vIrarasa kI pradhAnatA hai phira karuNa, raudra, vIbhatsa tathA adbhuta rasoM ko bhI yathocita sthAna milA hai / alaMkAroM meM zabdAlaMkAra ko adhika apanAyA gayA hai / arthAlaMkAroM kA bhI prayoga bhAvAbhivyakti meM sahAyaka ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai, balAt nahIM / kAvya ke adhikAMza sargoM aura vargoM meM kavi ne nAnA vRttoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / yatra-tatra chandaparivartana drutagati se huA hai para aitihAsika kAvya meM yaha kavikauzala kA apavyaya hai / kula milAkara 24 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla - isa kAvya ke racayitA cAritrasundaragaNi haiM / inakA aparanAma cAritrabhUSaNa bhI hai / inake guru kA nAma bhaTTAraka ratnasiMhasUri hai jo sattapogaccha ke AcArya the| inakI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai : vijayendusUri, kSemakIrti, ratnAkarasUri, abhayanandi, jayakIrti, ratnanandi yA ratnasiMha | prastuta kAvya kI racanA saM0 1487 meM kI gaI hai| isakI racanA meM preraka zubhacandragaNi the / cAritrasundaramaNi kI anya racanAoM meM zIladUta ( vi0 saM0 1487 ), mahIpAlacarita tathA AcAropadeza upalabdha haiM / vastupAlacarita : 15vIM zatI meM kumArapAlacaritra kI bhAMti vastupAla ke caritra para prastuta kAvya eka bar3I racanA hai / isameM ATha prastAva haiM aura granthAgra 4839 zlokapramANa hai / ' isa grantha meM vastupAla kA vistArapUrvaka jIvana diyA gayA hai / yaha isalie sUkSma adhyayana yogya hai kyoMki caritranAyaka kI mRtyu ke do sau varSa bAda racita hone para bhI usake jIvana ke kitane hI tathya prApta hote haiM jo kisI bhI samakAlika lekhaka ne nahIM diye haiM / caritrakAra ne vastupAla ke jIvana aura kAryoM se 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 345; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara; isakA gujarAtI anuvAda jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara se saM0 1974 meM prakAzita huA hai|

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417 aitihAsika sAhitya sambandha rakhanevAlI apane samaya meM upalabdha pUrvavartI sabhI aitihAsika sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyA hai| muni jinavijaya ke kathanAnusAra kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI kA jaisA aitihAsika mUlya hai usI prakAra isa kAvya kA bhI hai| isa prakAra ke dUsare granthoM meM jaisI atizayoktiyA~ milatI haiM unase apekSAkRta yaha mukta hai| parantu granthakAra ne eka mahatvapUrNa bAta kA jaisA ullekha honA cAhie, nahIM kiyaa| merutuMgAcArya ne prabandhacintAmaNi meM tathA anya purAtana prabandhoM meM evaM gujarAtI rAsoM meM spaSTa likhA hai ki vastupAla-tejapAla kI mAtA kumAradevI kA AzarAja ke sAtha punarvivAha huA thA parantu jinaharSa ne apane grantha meM isakA AbhAsa bhI nahIM diyA / lagatA hai kavi ke samaya meM punarvivAha sAmAjika dRSTi se heya samajhA jAne lagA thaa| kaviparicaya evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA jinaharSagaNi haiN| inake guru jayacandrasUri the / isa grantha kI racanA cittaur3a meM saM0 1497 meM huI thI / inakI anya racanAoM meM ratnazekharakathA, ArAmazobhAcaritra, viMzatisthAnakavicArAmRtasaMgraha aura pratikramaNavidhi Adi milatI haiN| inake grantha 'harSAka' se aMkita haiN| rAjAoM aura mantriyoM ke atirikta dAnI seThoM, mahAjanoM ke carita para likhe gaye jaina kAvyoM se bhI aitihAsika mahattva kI sUcanAeM milatI haiN| jagaDUcarita: isakA paricaya pahale de cuke haiM / isase nimnalikhita jAnakArI milatI hai : 1. saM0 1312 se 1315 taka gujarAta meM bhayaMkara durbhizca par3A thA jisameM vIsaladeva jaise samRddha rAjAoM ke pAsa bhI anna nahIM rahA thaa| 2. saM0 1312 se 1315 meM gujarAta meM vIsaladeva. kA, mAlavA meM madanavarmA kA, dillI meM mojadIna (nasIruddIna) kA tathA kAzI meM pratApasiMha kA zAsana thaa| 3. pAra pradeza kA zAsaka pIThadeva aNahillapura ke zAsaka lavaNaprasAda kA samakAlIna thaa| 4. usa samaya gujarAta kA samudrI vyApAra unnati para thaa| bhAratIya jahAja samudra pAra ke dezoM meM Ate-jAte the| 1. paricaya ke lie dekheM pR0 220. 27

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 5. vIsaladeva ke darabAra meM somezvara Adi kavi the| sukRtasAgara yA pethaDacarita: isakA paricaya pahale diyA gayA hai| pethaDa seTha mAlavA ke paramAranareza jayasiMha dvitIya dvArA rAjacihna se sammAnita huA thaa| isakA sammAna devagiri aura gujarAta ke tatkAlIna darabAroM meM bhI thaa| devagiri ke rAjA ne use mandira. nirmANa ke lie bahuta bhUmi dAna meM dI thii| usake putra jhAjhaNa ne gujarAtanareza sAraMgadeva ( 1274-96 I0 ) ke sAtha bhojana kiyA thaa| pethaDa ke pitA ne 45 jainAgamoM kI aneka hastapratiyA~ bhar3auca, devagiri Adi ke sarasvatI bhaNDAroM meM bheMTa kI thiiN| prabandha-sAhitya : carita aura kathA-sAhitya se sambaddha gujarAta aura mAlavA ke kSetra meM jaina pratibhA ne eka viziSTa prakAra ke sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA jo 'prabaMdha' sAhitya ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| yaha prabaMdha-kAvyoM se bhinna hai| prabaMdha eka prakAra kA aitihAsika yA ardhaaitihAsika kathAnaka hai jo sarala saMskRta gadya aura kabhIkabhI padya meM bhI likhA gayA hai| prabandhacintAmaNi, prabandhakoSa, bhojaprabandha, vividhatIrthakalpa, prabhAvakacarita, purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha Adi grantha isa sAhitya ke udAharaNa haiN| prabandhakoza ke racayitA rAjazekharasUri ne carita aura prabandha kA antara batalAte hue likhA hai ki 'zrIvRSabhavardhamAnaparyantajinAnAM cakrayAdInAM rAjJAM RSINAM cAryarakSitAntAnAM vRttAni caritAni ucyante / tatpazcAtkAlabhAvinAM tu narANAM vRttAni prabaMdhA iti' para unake isa kathana kA koI prAcIna AdhAra nahIM aura yaha vibheda sAhityakAroM ne pAlana bhI nahIM kiyA / udAharaNa ke lie kumArapAla, vastupAla, jagaDU Adi ke caritoM ko carita kahA gayA hai aura prabandha bhI, yathA jinamaNDanagaNi kI racanA kumArapAlaprabandha aura jayasiMhasUri kI racanA kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita yA anya grantha jAvaDacaritra aura jAvaDaprabandha aadi| prabandhoM ke viSaya ko dekhate hue hama kaha sakate haiM ki ve isa prakAra ke nibandha haiM jo zAsaka, vidvAn , sAdhu, gRhastha evaM tIrthaM tathA kisI ghaTanA sambandhI aitihAsika jAnakArI ko lekara likhe gaye haiN| jarmana vidvAn buhalara ke zabdoM meM prabandha likhe jAne kA uddeza thA dharmazravaNa ke lie . .. paricaya ke lie dekheM pR. 228.

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aitihAsika sAhitya 419 ekatra hue samAja ko dharmopadeza denA aura jainadharma ke sAmarthya aura mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke lie sAdhuoM dvArA dRSTAntarUpa ucita sAmagrI prastuta karanA aura laukika viSaya ko lekara zrotAoM kA rucira cittavinoda kraanaa| phira bhI kucha prabandha bar3I vicitra kalpanAoM, bhaddI bAtoM, tithiviparyAsa aura aneka bhUloM aura truTiyoM se bhare haiN| isalie prabandhoM ko vAstavika itihAsa yA jIvanacarita nahIM samajhanA cAhie apitu aisI sAmagrI kA itihAsa-racanA meM vicArapUrvaka upayoga karanA caahie| unakI ekadama avahelanA bhI ThIka nahIM kyoMki prabandhoM kA adhikAMza bhAga abhilekhoM evaM vizvasanIya srotoM se samarthita hai| bhArata kA madhyakAlIna itihAsa inameM nihita sAmagrI kA upayoga kiye binA pUrNa bhI nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| isa prakAra ke sAhitya kA sUtrapAta to hemacandrAcArya ne kara diyA thA aura unake anusaraNa para prabhAcandra ne prabhAvakacarita likhA aura pIche aneka grantha likhe gye| ina prabandhoM meM hameM aitihAsika mahattva ke rAjA, mahArAjA, seTha aura muniyoM ke sambandha meM pracalita kathA-kahAniyoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| inake varNanoM kI abhilekhoM aura anya sAhityika AdhAroM se jA~ca-par3atAla karane para hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki ye bahudhA aitihAsika tathya ke samIpa haiN| isa viSayaka kucha kRtiyoM kA paricaya yahA~ prastuta karate haiN| prabaMdhAvali __upalabdha prabandhoM meM sarvaprathama hameM jinabhadrakRta prabandhAvali milatI hai jisameM 40 gadya prabandha haiM jo adhikAMzataH gujarAta, rAjasthAna, mAlavA aura vArANasI se sambandhita aitihAsika vyaktiyoM aura ghaTanAoM para haiM aura kucha to lokakathAoM ko lekara likhe gaye haiN| jisa rUpa meM yaha prApta huI hai vaha pUrNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha vastupAla mahAmAtya ke jIvanakAla meM usake putra jaitrasiMha ke anarodha para saM0 1290 meM racI gaI thI parantu isameM kucha prabandha aisI ghaTanAoM para bhI haiM jo vastupAla kI mRtyUparAnta ghaTI thiiN| isameM eka prabandha arthAt 'valabhIbhaMgaprabandha' prabandhacintAmaNi se akSarazaH nakala utAra liyA gayA hai| isake do prabandhoM pAdalisAcAryaprabandha evaM ratnazrAvakaprabandha ko prabandhakoza se liyA gayA hai| prabandhAvali kI racanA-zailI bar3I sarala aura sIdhI hai jaba ki prabandhakoza kI zailI alaMkArika aura unnata hai| isase yaha bAta siddha hotI 1. Life of Hemachandra ( Buhler ), pp. 3-4.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai ki prabandhakoza ke racayitA ne jinabhadra kI prabandhAvali se hI ye donoM prabaMdha apane grantha meM liye haiN| vaise dekhA jAya to uttarakAlIna prabandhagrantha apane kucha viSayoM ke lie isa prabandhAvali ke RNI haiN|' ise muni jinavijayajI ne apane grantha ' purAtanaprabandha saMgraha' ke antargata prakAzita kiyA hai| isameM upalabdha pRthvIrAjaprabandha meM candavaradAI ke tathAkathita pRthvIrAjarAso kAvya ke bIja vartamAna haiM tathA Adhunika lokabhASAoM aura sAhitya ke bhI bIja milate haiM / 420 isakI bhASA' vaha saMskRta hai jo eka lokabhASA kA rUpa lie hue hai / yaha na kevala prAkRta ke prayogoM se hI ota-prota hai apitu tAtkAlika kSetrIya bhASA ke zabdoM se bhI / jise prAkRta aura prAcIna tathA arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASA kA jJAna nahIM vaha isake prabandhoM, kitane hI zabdoM, vAkyoM evaM bhAvoM ko nahIM jAna sakatA / gujarAta ke jaina lekhakoM ne isa bhASA ko apane kathA evaM prabandha granthoM meM khUba vyavahRta kiyA hai / gujarAta aura madhya bhArata ke kucha bhAgoM ko chor3a aisI bhASA kA prayoga anyatra nahIM huA hai / yaha ukta pradezoM ke rAjakAryoM aura rAjadarabAroM kI bhASA bhI rahI hai / yaha bhASA gujarAta meM musalamAnoM ke rAjasthApana ke pazcAt bhI kAnUnI lekhapatroM kI bhASA rahI hai jo nyAyAlayoM meM rajisTrI karane ke lie svIkRta kiye jAte the / yaha una paNDitoM kI bhASA nahIM hai jo pANini yA hemacandra praNIta vyAkaraNoM ke niyamoM se cipake rahate the / isa bhASA kI tulanA IsA kI prathama zatAbdiyoM meM likhe gaye cauddha granthoM mahAvastu aura lalitavistara Adi kI bhASA se kI jA sakatI hai jise 'gAthA saMskRta' kahate haiM / gujarAta ke jaina lekhakoM kI isa bhASA kA pRthak nAma to nahIM diyA gayA para ise hama varnA - kyUlara saMskRta yA sarvasAdhAraNa meM samajhI jAnevAlI saMskRta kaha sakate haiM 1 racayitA -- isa prabandhAvali ke racayitA jinabhadra haiM jo udayaprabhasUri ke ziSya the / inake viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| jinabhadra ne aitihAsika aura paurANika kathAnakoM ke saMgraha svarUpa yaha prabandhAvali vastupAla ke putra jayantasiMha ke paThana-pAThana ke lie taiyAra kI thI / 1. purAtanaprabandha saMgraha kA prAstAvika vaktavya, pR0 8. 2. isakI bhASA aura zabdoM ke lie dekheM : maNDala, pR0 203-4. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya

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43, aitihAsika sAhitya prabhAvakacarita: isa grantha kA paricaya hama pahale de cuke haiN|' usameM varNita 22 AcAryoM meM se vIrasUri, zAntisUri, mahendrasUri, sUrAcArya, abhayadevAcArya, vIradevagaNi, devasUri aura hemacandrasUri ye ATha gujarAta ke caulukyoM ke samaya aNahilapATana meM vidyamAna the aura kitane gujarAta ke rAjAoM ke paricaya meM Aye the aura kitanoM ne gujarAta ke utkarSa ke lie mahattvapUrNa yoga diyA thaa| ina AcAryoM ke katipaya kArya-kalApoM kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi dene ke lie bahuta-se rAjAoM kI prasaMgakathAe~ dI gaI haiM jinameM pramukha haiM : bhoja, bhIma prathama, siddharAja aura kumArapAla / bhoja aura bhIma kI prasaMga-kathAoM meM to koI aitihAsika tathya nahIM hai para hemacandrAcArya kA carita siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke rAjyoM ke vivaraNa ke binA sambhava nhiiN| isalie aitihAsika dRSTi se isa kRti kA 'hemacandrasaricarita' bahuta mahatva kA hai| vaise isa kRti meM gujarAta se lekara baMgAla taka pUre uttara bhArata kA paryavekSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai isalie yaha vividha sUcanAoM kI khAni hai phira bhI ina sUcanAoM kA upayoga itihAsa meM bar3I zodha aura jA~ca-par3atAla ke sAtha karanA caahie| yadi isakA lekhaka maulika kRtiyoM para hI nirbhara hotA, jaisA ki usane bahuta hada taka kiyA hai, to bhAratIya itihAsa ke upAdAnoM meM isakI kImata rAjataraMgiNI se kama na hotI balki adhika hI kyoMki kalhaNa kI kRti kevala kazmIra se sambandhita hai jaba ki yaha kRti pUre uttara bhArata se / parantu durbhAgya se aitihAsika sAmagrI meM bahuta-sI kiMvadantiyA~ aura kahAniyA~ milA dI gaI haiM, isase una sUcanAoM kA bar3I sAvadhAnI se upayoga karanA caahie| udAharaNa ke lie 'bappabhaTTisUricarita' ko hI leN| isameM nimnalikhita rAjanItika itihAsa kI sAmagrI milatI hai| 1. Ama nAgAvaloka kannauja kA rAjA thaa| vaha gauDarAjA dharmapAla kA pratidvandI tathA bhoja (mihira) kA pitAmaha thaa| usakI mRtyu vi0 saM0890 meM huI thii| vaha bappabhaTTisUri kA mitra evaM ziSya thaa| ise hama gurjara pratihAravaMzI 'nAgabhaTa dvitIya' mAna sakate haiM / - 1. dekheM pR. 205.

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422 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa 2. dharma dharmapAla nAma se gauDa deza kA pAlanareza thaa| dharmapAla ke darabAra meM vardhamAnakuMjara nAma kA eka bauddha paNDita thA / dharmapAla eka bauddha nareza thA yaha to itihAsaprasiddha hai| vardhamAnakuMjara nAmaka bauddha paNDita kA nAma to jJAta nahIM para kuMjaravardhana nAmaka bauddha yazca kA ullekha milatA hai| 3. kannaujanareza yazovarmA ko Ama kA pitA likhA hai jo itihAsaviruddha lagatA hai / Ama (nAgabhaTTa ) ke pitA kA nAma vatsarAja thaa| yazovarmA vaha ho sakatA hai jisane kisI gauDarAjA ko mArA thA tathA jo kazmIra ke muktApIDa lalitAditya dvArA vi0 saM0 797 meM mArA gayA thaa| vaha gauDavaho ke racayitA vAkpatirAna kA samakAlIna yA pUrvavartI thA para bappabhaTTi kA samakAlIna nahIM thA kyoMki bappabhaTTi usakI mRtyu ke tIna varSa bAda utpanna hue the| granthakAra : ko kisI pUrvavartI se yaha galata sUcanA milI aura yazovarmA tathA muktApIDa ko bhrAnta rUpa meM citrita kiyaa| 4. vAkpatirAja-gauDavaho ke lekhaka-bhI bappabhaTTi ke samakAlIna kisI taraha ho sakate haiM yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki yazovarmA ke yaza kA varNana usake marane ke bAda ukta kavi ne apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA thaa| 5. gujarAta ke nareza jitazatru aura rAjagRha ke nRpa samudrasena ke viSaya meM itihAsa kucha nahIM jAnatA hai / ho sakatA hai ki ve koI jAgIradAra rahe hoN| 6. DhuNDuka nAgAvaloka kA putra thA aura bhoja kA pitA / ho sakatA hai yaha rAmabhadra kA hI bhaddA nAma ho / 7. DhuNDuka kA putra aura nAgAvaloka kA pautra bhoja thA jise mihirabhoja mAnA jA sakatA hai| isI taraha anya caritoM kA vizleSaNa prastuta karane se bahumUlya aitihAsika sAmagrI prApta kI jA sakatI hai / samagra kA vivecana yahA~ sambhava nahIM / prabaMdhacintAmaNi: yaha prabandha sAhitya kA tIsarA grantha hai| sampUrNa grantha pA~ca prakAzoM meM 1. jinarasnakoza, pR0 265; siMghI jaina granthamAlA, 1; usI granthamAlA se hajArIprasAda dvivedIkRta hindI anuvAda; . rAmacandra dInAnAtha zAstrIkRta gujarAtI anuvAda bambaI se saM0 1945 meM prakAzita; sI0 bhAra0 TAvane kRta aMgrejI anuvAda bibliothekA iNDikA sirIja, kalakattA se 1899. 1901 meM prakAzita.

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aitihAsika sAhitya 423 vibhakta hai / sabhI prakAzoM meM kula milAkara 11 prabandha haiM jinameM 6 to prathama prakAza meM aura 2 caturtha prakAza meM tathA zeSa meM eka-eka prabandha hai / ye prabandha bhI sAmAnyataH laghuprabandhoM ke saMgraharUpa meM haiM / - prathama prakAza ke prathama tIna prabandhoM meM vikramAditya, sAtavAhana aura bhUyarAja ( pratihAra bhoja ? ) kI prasaMgakathAe~ dI gaI haiM / caturtha prabandha vanarAjAdi - prabandha kahalAtA hai jisameM cApotkaTa ( cAvar3A ) vaMza kA saMkSipta itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / mUlarAjAdiprabandha nAmaka pA~caveM meM caulukyoM kA itihAsa prArambha hotA hai aura durlabharAja ke rAjya taka jAtA hai / yathArthataH isameM mUlarAja ke tatkAla tIna uttarAdhikAriyoM ke nAma aura tithiyoM ke atirikta unake viSaya meM alpa hI kahA gayA hai| chaThe muMnarAnaprabandha meM paramAranRpa vAkpati muMja viSayaka prasaMgakathAe~ dI gaI haiM / dvitIya prakAza bhoja-bhImaprabandha kahalAtA hai / yaha bhIma aura bhoja ke ApasI sambandhoM kA prabandha hai jisameM senAdhyakSa kulacandra digambara, mAgha paNDita, dhanapAla, zItA paNDita, mayUra - bANa mAnatuMga prabandha tathA anya prabandha bhI haiM / tIsarA prakAza siddharAjAdiprabandha kahalAtA hai / isameM bhIma ke antima dinoM tathA karNa ke rAjya kA kucha pRSThoM meM varNana kara adhikAMza meM siddharAja ke rAjya kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| isameM sammilita kucha laghuprabaMdhoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : lIlAvaidya, sAntUmaMtrI, mayaNalladevI, mAlavavijaya, siddhahema, rudramAla, sahasraliMgatAla, navaghaNayuddha, raivatakoddhAra, zatruJjayayAtrA, devasUri tathA pApaghaTa Adi / caturtha prakAza meM do vizAla prabandha haiM / pahale meM kumArapAla ke rAjya kA varNana hai / isameM usake janma, mAtA-pitA, pUrvajIvana, rAjyaprApti aura jainadharma-svIkaraNa Adi kA vistAra se varNana hai / isI meM hemacandra aura kumArapAla kaI kathAe~ bhI haiM / anta meM ajayadeva ( ajayapAla ) ke kukRtyoM kA tathA mUlarAja dvitIya evaM bhIma dvi0 ke rAjyoM kA thor3A varNana kara vIradhavala kI rAjyapadaprApti varNita hai / isI prakAza ke dUsare prabandha vastupAla - tejaHpAlaprabandha meM donoM bhrAtAoM ke kAryakalApoM kA varNana hai / isameM una donoM bhAiyoM ke janmAdivRtta, zatruJjayAdi - tIrthayAtrA, zaMkhasubhaTa ke sAtha yuddha Adi kA varNana hai / paJcama prakAza prakIrNakaprabandha kahalAtA hai jisameM aitihAsika vyaktiyoM kI prasaMgakathAe~ dI gaI haiN| unameM nandarAna, zilAditya, valabhIbhaMga, puMjarAja, govardhana, lakSmaNasena, jayacandra, jagadeva paramarddi, pRthvIcandra- prabandha, varAhamihira, bhartRhari, vaidya vAgbhaTa, kSetrAdhipa ( kSetrapAla ) Adi ke saMkSipta varNana haiM /

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424 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa kRti ke nirmANa meM granthakAra kA spaSTa uddezya una bahudhA zruta purAnI kathAoM ko, jo ki budhajanoM ke citta ko taba prasanna na kara rahI thIM, punaH sthApita karanA hai : bhRzaM zrutatvAnna kathAH purANAH prINanti cetAMsi tathA budhAnAm / vRttastadAsannasatAM prabandhacintAmaNigranthamahaM tanomi / / isa grantha meM adhikAMza rocaka prasaMga-kathAe~ haiN| ina prasaMga-kathAoM kA mUla saMdigdha hai aura aneka to kAlpanika haiN| isa grantha meM kucha bar3e mahattva ke aitihAsika upAkhyAna bhI haiM jinheM hama vikrama saM0 940-1250 taka kA gujarAta kA sAmAnya itihAsa mAna sakate haiM / karnala kinlAka phArvasa ne apane 'rAsamAlA' nAmaka gujarAta ke itihAsa ke prathama bar3e bhAga kA mukhya AdhAra isI grantha ko banAyA thaa| bAmbe gajeTiyara ke prathama bhAga meM jo aNahilapura kA itihAsa diyA gayA hai usakA mukhya AdhAra yahI prabandhacintAmaNi hai| gujarAta ke itihAsa ke lie prabandhacintAmaNi jisa sAmagrI kI pUrti karatA hai vaisI sAmagrI dUsare grantha se nahIM miltii| isa grantha ko aura kazmIra ke itihAsa ke lie rAjataraMgiNI ko chor3a bhAratavarSa ke anya kisI prAnta ke lie itihAsa grantha nahIM milte| aNahilapura ke sambandha meM jo bAteM isameM dI gaI haiM prAyaH ve sabhI vizvasanIya hai| isameM aNahilapura ke rAjAoM kA jo rAjyakAla batAyA gayA hai vaha anya aitihAsika evaM purAtatvIya sAmagrI se samarthita hotA hai| granthakAra ne gujarAta ko isa kAla meM vizeSa prasiddhi karAnevAle aura gujarAta ke gaurava kI vRddhi meM bhAga lenevAle puruSoM ke prabandhoM ko ekatra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| granyakartA svayaM eka jaina AcArya the aura jaina zrotAoM kA manoraMjana karane ke lie grantha-racanA karanA unakA mukhya uddezya thaa| isalie yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jaina tathyoM kI ora unakA pakSapAta ho| phira bhI gujarAta ke samucita prabhAva para unakA anurAga thaa| isase jainoM se thor3A bhI sambandha na rakhanevAlI anekoM bAteM isameM saMgRhIta haiN| ve kevala itihAsasaMgraha kI dRSTi se apane saMgraha meM rakhI gaI haiN| isa grantha kA sabase bar3A doSa yaha hai ki isameM apane yuga (1304 I0) kI, jisakA ki lekhaka ko pratyakSa zAna thA, upekSA kI gaI hai aura isake badale usa kAla para likhA gayA hai jisake lie vaha maukhika paramparA aura pUrvavartI racanAoM para nirbhara rahA hai| prabandhacintAmaNi meM gujarAta kA itihAsa vAstava meM kumAra

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aitihAsika sAhitya 425 pAla kI mRtyu vi0 saM0 1229 ke sAtha banda ho jAtA hai| bagheloM ke viSaya meM vaha kucha nahIM likhatA sivAya isake ki bhIma dvitIya ke bAda vaha AyA / yahI isakA doSa hai| yadi usane apane samaya kA itihAsa likhA hotA to usakA yaha grantha kalhaNa ke grantha' kI koTi kA mAnA jAtA / isa prabandha ke lekhaka ne itihAsa likhane meM yaha anubhava avazya kiyA ki rAjAoM ke vaMza aura unakI tithiyA~ bar3e mahatva kI haiN| yadyapi prabandhacintAmaNi meM dI gaI adhikAMza tithiyA~ ThIka nahIM haiM phira bhI ve kucha mahInoM yA varSa se azuddha haiM, vizeSa nahIM / sambhavataH prAcIna dastAvejoM ko dekhakara usane rAjA ke rAjapada pAne kA varSa to mAnA parantu ThIka tithi nhiiN| yadi use isa sUcanA ke kaise bhI lAta nahIM mila sake to tithi ke sambandha meM anumAna karatA huA sA mAlUma hotA hai aura vizvAsa karane lAyaka eka kathA raca detA hai| phira bhI itanA to mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha tithiyoM ke mahatva ko samajhatA thaa| jabaki dUsarI ora hama dekhate haiM ki dvayAzrayakAvya, kIrtikaumudI (somezvarakRta ) va anya kRtiyoM meM tithisambandhI eka bhI nirdeza mahIM diyA gyaa| isa prabandha ke racayitA ne eka prakAra se itihAsa likhane kI AvazyakatA samajhI thii| usakI sabhI prasaMgakyAoM kA tAnA-bAnA itihAsa ko antarbhAga banAkara huA, unake krama meM koI rukAvaTa nahIM aura sabhI tathya sAdhAraNataH nizcita kAlakramarUpa meM rakhe gaye haiN| granthakAra kI prastuta karane kI paddhati bhI ThIka hai aura usane caulukyoM ke itihAsa ke isa mahattvapUrNa bhAva ko bhI samajha liyA thA ki unake itihAsa kA lekhana mAlavA ke paramAroM ke itihAsa ko 'binA batalAye asambhava hai| racayitA-saMskRta sAhitya meM isa apUrva kRti ke racayitA merutuMgasUri haiM jo nAgendragaccha ke candraprabha ke ziSya the| isa grantha kI racanA vaDhamANa (vardhamAna 1. yaha dUsare rUpa meM batalAtA hai ki baghelavaMza jainadharma kA dRr3ha samarthaka nahIM ___ thA, jaisA ki kucha kAla ke lie vaha mAnA jAtA hai| 2. yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kalhaNa ko rAjataraMgiNI ke prArambhika sarga sadoSa haiM jaba ki pichale sarga jinameM kalhaNa una ghaTanAmoM kA varNana karatA hai jinakA use yA usake pitA ko pratyakSa jJAna thA, ThIka itihAsa batalAte haiN| yaha hameM prabandhacintAmaNi meM nahIM miltaa|

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426 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pura) meM saM0 1361 meM kI gaI hai| inakI anya kRtiyA~ vicArazreNI yA sthavirAvalI tathA mahApuruSacarita hai| vividhatIrthakalpa : isakA paricaya pahale diyA gayA hai| isameM aneka tIrthoM ke prasaMga meM aneka aitihAsika bAteM A gaI haiM jo pazcAtvartI anekoM pravandhoM kI upAdAnabhUta haiN| prabandhakoza meM prabhAvakacarita aura prabandhacintAmaNi se bhI adhika sAmagrI vividhatIrthakalpa se lI gaI hai, yahA~ taka ki kucha pUre prakaraNa yA prabandha jyoM ke tyoM zabdazaH uddhata kara liye gaye haiN| sAtavAhanaprabandha, vaMkacUlaprabandha aura nAgArjunaprabandha ye tInoM prakaraNa tIrthakalpa kI pUrI nakala haiN| sAtavAhana nRpa para 23vA~ pratiSThAnapattanakalpa, 33vA~ pratiSTAnapurakalpa, 34vA~ pratiSThAnapurAdhipatisAtavAhanacarita ye tIna kalpa haiN| vaMkacUla kA varNana DhIpurItIrthakalpa ( 43ve) meM tathA nAgArjuna kA vRttAnta staMbhanakakalpa-ziloccha ( 59ve) meM hai| yaha pichalA prabandha tIrthakalpa meM prAkRta bhASA meM racA gayA hai jise prabandhakozakAra ne zabdazaH saMskRta meM anUdita kara liyA hai| vividhatIrthakalpa ke racayitA ne sambhavataH prabandhacintAmaNi se ukta prakaraNa ko saMskRta se prAkRta meM anuvAda karake likha liyA ho aisA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki donoM kI zabda-racanA prAyaH eka-sI hai| granthakAra jinaprabhasUri apane samaya ke bahuzruta vidvAn evaM prabhAvazAlI puruSa the| bhArata kI saMskRti ke mahAn saMkaTakAla meM ve vidyamAna the| unake samaya meM bhAratavarSa ke hindU rAjyoM kA sAmUhika patana huA thA aura islAmI sattA kA sthAyI zAsana jama gayA thaa| gujarAta kI prAcIna sAMskRtika vibhUti kA AkhirI pardA unakI najaroM se gujara rahA thaa| vividhatIrthakalpa ke ullekhAnusAra mantrI mAdhava kI preraNA se hI alAuddIna khilajI ne apane bhAI ulugakhA~ ko guvarAta vinaya karane ke lie bhejA thaa| khilajI vaMza kA zIghra vinAza hone ke bAda gujarAta kA zAsana sulatAna muhammada tugalaka ne samhAlA / jinaprabhasUri kA isa sulatAna se pratyakSa paricaya thA aura - 1. pRSTha 77 meM paricaya diyA gayA hai| 2. paricaya ke lie dekheM: jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR0 321-324.

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aitihAsika sAhitya vaha inakA bar3A sammAna karatA thaa| vaha inakI kitanI hI camatkArika bAtoM se prabhAvita thaa| bAdazAha ne unheM kaI pharamAna diye jisase unhoMne hastinApura, mathurA Adi tIrthoM kI sasaMgha yAtrAe~ aura aneka dharmotsava kiye aura rAjasabhA meM unhoMne vAda-vivAda bhI kiye| unake ziSya jinadevasUri bahuta samaya taka sulatAna ke sAtha rahe aura sammAnita hue| inake kahane se sulatAna ne kannAna nagara kI mahAvIra-pratimA ko dillI meM sthApita krvaayaa| yaha pratimA kucha dina tugalakAbAda ke zAhI khajAne meM bhI rhii| eka proSadhazAlA bhI usa samaya sulatAna kI AjJA aura sahAyatA se dillI meM bnii| sulatAna kI mAtA makhadUmejahA~ begama bhI ina jaina guruoM kA Adara karatI thii| isa taraha apane isa grantha meM yahA~-vahA~ jinaprabhasUri ne kitanI hI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kI upayogI sUcanA dI hai| vi0 saM0 845 meM mleccha rAjA ( araba zAsaka ) dvArA valabhI ke nAza kA ullekha isI meM diyA gayA hai| saM0 1081' meM mahamUda gajanavI ke gujarAta ke Upara AkramaNa kA ullekha samagra sAhitya meM ekamAtra isI meM milatA hai| isI taraha anya aneka vizvasanIya aitihAsika bAteM isameM milatI haiN| prabandhakoza: yaha 24 prabandhoM kA saMgraha-grantha hai isalie isakA dUsarA nAma caturviMzatiprabandha bhI hai| isameM 10 jaina AcAryoM, 4 kaviyoM aura 7 rAjAoM tathA 3 rAjamAnya puruSoM ke carita haiN| 10 AcAryoM meM bhadrabAhu se lekara hemacandra taka evaM 4 kavi paNDitoM meM, harSa, harihara, amaracandra aura madanakIrti sabhI aitihAsika puruSa haiN| 7 rAjAoM meM sAtavAhana, vaMkacUla, vikramAditya, nAgArjuna, vatsarAja udayana, lakSmaNasena aura madanavarmA kA carita prathita hai| inameM se antima do-lakSmaNasena aura madanavarmA kA samaya madhyakAla kA uttara bhAga hai aura itihAsa granthoM meM unake viSaya meM bahuta likhA milatA hai| vatsarAja udayana jaina, bauddha aura brAhmaNa srotoM se 1. kanyAnayanIyamahAvIrapratimAkalpa. 2. satyapuratIrthakalpa.. 3. jinarasnakoza, pR. 264, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kramAMka 6.

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128 jaina sAhisya kA bRhad itihAsa suzAta hai| mahAkavi bhAsa Adi ne isa para kaI nATaka likhe haiN| sAtavAhana' aura vikramAditya bhAratIya sAhitya aura janazruti meM bahuta prasiddha haiN| vikramAdityaprabandha kI sAmagrI ko 'guNavacanadvAtriMzikA' meM varNita bAtoM se milAkara siddha kiyA gayA hai ki vaha guptavaMzI candragupta (dvitIya) vikramAditya thaa| vaMkacUla (puSpacUla-puSpacUlA) jaina kathA-kahAniyoM kA rAjA jJAta hotA hai| usakI aitihAsikatA jJAta nahIM hotii| nAgArjuna kI kathA aitihAsika rAjA ke rUpa meM sandigdha hai, vaha yogI yA siddha puruSa jJAta hotA hai| isa taraha 7 tathAkathita rAjAoM meM 5 ke hI jIvana itihAsopayogI haiN| 3 rAjamAnya puruSoM meM se AbhaDa aura vastupAla sujJAta haiM / saMghapati ratnazrAvaka ajJAta jaisA lagatA hai| prabandhakoza meM apane pUrvavartI prabandhoM se bahuta sAmagrI lI gaI hai, yaha tathya -muni jinavijayajI ne ukta anya ke prAstAvika vaktavya meM diyA hai| granthakAra kI maulika racanA ke rUpa meM harSa, harihara, amaracandra aura madanakIrti prabandha haiN| inakA varNana anya prabandha granthoM meM nahIM miltaa| prabandhakoza kI racanA sarala aura subodha gadya meM kI gaI hai| isa prakAra kI gadya-racanA bahuta kama milatI hai| usake vAkya bilkula alaga-alaga aura choTechoTe haiM aura bola-cAla kI bhASA jaise lagate haiM / apracalita aura dezya zabdoM kA prayoga bhI isameM niHsaMkoca huA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isa grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki praznavAhana kula, koTika gaNa, harSapurIya gaccha kI madhyama zAkhA meM hue maladhArI abhayadevasUri santAnIya evaM tilakasUri ke ziSya rAjazekhara ne isa grantha kI racanA saM0 1405 meM dillI meM mahaNasiMha kI vasati meM rahakara kii| 1. prabandhacintAmaNi ke sAtavAhanaprabandha aura vividhatIrthakalpa ke pratiSThAnapura kalpa meM isakA carita varNita hai| 2. madhya bhAratI patrikA, aMka 1, julAI 1962 meM DA. hIrAlAla jaina kA lekha : A Contemporary Ode to Chandra Gupta Vikrama ditya. 3. vaMkacUlacarita kA paricaya pahale diyA gayA hai| isake pUrva vividhatIrthakalpa meM DhIpurIkalpa ke antargata vaMkacUla kA carita varNita hai| 1. pR. 2-3.

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429 aitihAsika sAhitya inakI anya racanAoM meM antarkathAsaMgraha (kautukakathA ), syAdvAdakalikA, syAdvAdadIpikA, ratnAvatArikApaMjikA, nyAyakadalIpaMjikA aura SaDdarzanasamuccaya milate haiN| purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha : muni jinavijayajI ko pATana ke bhaNDAra meM eka prabandhasaMgraha kI prati milI thI jisameM aneka prabandhoM kA saMgraha thaa| durbhAgya se yaha prati khaNDita thI isase granthakartA kA nAma jJAta na ho skaa| isake antima pRSTha 76 meM prabandha kA kramAMka 66 diyA gayA hai| lagatA hai isameM aura bhI prabandha the| upadezataraMgiNI meM caturviMzatiprabandha (prabandhakoza ) ke atirikta dvisaptatiprabandha kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| saMbhavataH yaha vahI grantha ho| isameM prabandhacintAmaNi aura prabandhakoza ke kaI prabandhoM kI punarAvRtti huI hai| kaI naye prabandha bhI haiM, yathA bhojagAMgeyaprabandha, dhArAdhvaMsaprabandha, madanavarma-jayasiMhadevaprItiprabandha, pRthvIrAjaprabandha, nAhaDarAyaprabandha, nADola lAkhanaprabandha / yaha prati 15vIM zatA0 kI likhI pratIta hotI hai| muni jinavijayajI ne isa prati kI sAmagrI aura pUrvokta jinabhadrakRta prabandhAvali kI sAmagrI ko lekara 'purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha" grantha prakAzita kiyA hai| vividha prakAra ke jaina granthoM meM aitihAsika sAmagrI: hameM aise aneka grantha mile haiM jinameM yadyapi niyamita grantha-prazasti to nahIM hai para ve apane se pUrvavartI AcAryoM, unakI kRtiyoM vizeSakara apane viSaya, granthakAra aura grantha kI sUcanA ke sAtha Akasmika rUpa se apane samaya kI mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika ghaTanA kA ullekha karate haiN| pazcAtkAlIna AcAryoM aura kRtiyoM dvArA pUrvavartI granthakAra aura granthoM kA ullekha, mAnya granthakAroM ke pUrva dRSTikoNoM kA khaNDana, bhASA aura viSayoM kA svarUpa, pUrvavartI kRtiyoM se uddharaNa Adi aneka bAteM haiM jinase granthakartAoM kI sApekSika sAmayikatA nizcita kI jA sakatI hai| yaha vizeSarUpa se satya hai hamAre tArkika dArzanika sAhitya ke viSaya meM, jisase hameM na kevala jaina granthakAroM ke kAlakrama kA nizcaya karane meM, balki mahattvapUrNa brAhmaNa aura bauddha tArkikoM ke viSaya meM bhI adbhuta rUpa se sahAyatA milatI hai| jaina vidvAnoM meM yaha eka rIti thI ki ve pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI kArikAoM ko apane mata ke samarthana meM yA dUsaroM ke mata ke khaNDana meM uddhRta 1. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kramAMka 2.

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430 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa karate the| aneka bAra granthoM aura granthakAroM ke nAma kA bhI ullekha karate the| ye uddharaNa bahudhA hameM vibhinna AcAryoM ke sApekSika yuga kA nizcaya karane meM yA vistRta para nizcita samayAvadhiyoM taka pahu~cane meM samartha banAte haiN| . isake atirikta jaina vidvAnoM ne lAkSaNika sAhitya kI vividha zAkhAoM meM kaI grantha likhe haiM jo hameM bhAratIya rAjanItika itihAsa kI kaI mahattvapUrNa sUcanAeM dete haiN| udAharaNa ke lie caulukya siddharAma jayasiMha ke samaya meM vardhamAnasUrikRta 'gaNaratnamahodadhi' nAmaka vyAkaraNa grantha meM dhArAnareza bhoja kI upAdhi aura dharma kA ullekha hai tathA siddharAna viSayaka kaI ullekha haiM / hemacandrakRta zabdAnuzAsana meM siddharAna kI mAlavA ke Upara varSoM taka lar3AI kA ullekha hai| malayasUrikRta anya saMskRta vyAkaraNa grantha meM arNorAja ke Upara kumArapAla kI vijaya kA ullekha hai| _isI taraha nemikumAra ke putra vAgbhaTakavi dvArA racita kAvyAnuzAsana meM aura soma ke putra kavi bAhaDa ( vAgbhaTa ) ke vAgbhaTAlaM.--- meM aura hemacandrAcArya ke chandonuzAsana meM siddharAja kI prazaMsA meM kaI padya Aye haiN| 16vIM zatI ke prArambha meM ratnamandiragaNikRta upadezataraMgiNI meM gujarAta ke itihAsa se sambandhita aneka bAteM AI haiN| isI kAla ke upadezasaptati grantha meM bhImadeva prathama ke sAMdhivigrahika DAmaranAgara kI kathA tathA dUsarI aitihAsika bAteM dI gaI haiM / AcAropadeza aura zrAddhavidhi meM kumArapAla, vastupAla, tejapAla Adi ke sambandha kI kaI bAtoM kA ullekha hai| sattarahavIM zatI ke dharmasAgara upAdhyAyakRta 'pravacanaparIkSA' meM cAvar3A, caulukya aura bagheloM kI vaMzAvaliyA~ dI gaI haiN| purANa-kathA-sAhitya ke granthoM meM bikharI sAmagrI kI ora hamane una granthoM ke paricaya meM hI dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai / tugalaka vaMza ke jaina srota: isa vaMza kA rAjya san 1321 se 1414 I. taka rhaa| isa vaMza meM prasiddha tIna.sulatAna hue : 1. gayAsuddIna tugalaka (1321-1325 I0), 2. muhammada bina tugalaka ( 1325-51 I0), 3. phirojazAha tugalaka (1351. 2388 ii0)| ina sulatAnoM ke rAjya aura prAntIya zAsakoM ke rAjya meM jaina

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aitihAsika sAhitya dharma, jainAcAryoM ke kriyAkalApa, jaina sAhitya, mandira, tIrtha Adi kI sthiti para prakAza DAlane ke lie katipaya grantha upalabdha hote haiN| aitihAsika prasaMga meM yahA~ unakA digdarzana mAtra karA rahe haiN| nAbhinandanoddhAraprabandha aparanAma zatruJjayatIrthoddhAraprabandha : isameM prAcIna svatantra gujarAta ke antima mahAjana samarAzAha ke mahattvapUrNa kAryoM kA vivaraNa dete hue tugalakavaMza ke sulatAnoM aura unake prAntIya zAsakoM kI mahattvapUrNa sucanAe~ dI gaI haiM jo tatkAlIna bhArata ke dhArmika itihAsa ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka siddha huI haiN| samarAzAha tIna bhAI the| bar3A sahajapAla dakSiNa deza ke devagiri ( daulatAbAda) meM basa gayA thaa| majhalA sAhaNa khaMbhAta meM basakara apane pUrvajoM kI kIrti phailA rahA thA aura samarAzAha pATana rahakara prabhAvazAlI banA thaa| tatkAlIna dillI kA sulatAna gayAsuddIna tugalaka usa para bar3A sneha karatA thA aura usane use tailaMgAne kA sUbedAra banAyA thaa| gayAsuddIna ke uttarAdhikArI muhammada tugalaka bhI use bhAI jaisA mAnatA thA aura apane samaya meM bhI usane use ukta pada para rahane diyaa| usane apane prabhAva se pANDudeza ke svAmI vIra vallAla sulatAna ke caMgula se chur3AyA aura musalamAnoM ke atyAcAra se aneka hinduoM kI rakSA kii| usane una musalamAna zAsakoM ke kAla meM jainadharma-prabhAvanA ke aneka kArya kiye| jinaprabhasUrikRta vividhatIrthakalpa se bhI tugalakavaMza ke rAjyakAla meM jainadharma kI sthiti kI aneka sUcanAe~ milatI haiN| mAlavA ke prAntIya muslima zAsaka : ina zAsakoM ke rAjyakAla meM jainoM ko acchA prazraya milatA rahA hai| mANDavagar3ha meM aneka dhanADhya aura prabhAvaka jaina vyApArI the| unameM se kucha ko samaya-samaya para rAjamantrI yA pradhAnamantrI va anya aneka viziSTa padoM ko samhAlane kA avasara milA thaa| mANDavagar3ha ke sulatAna hozaMgasAha gorI (1405-1432 I0) kA mahApradhAna maNDana nAmaka jaina thA jo bar3A zAsanakuzala aura mana sAhityakAra thaa| usake dvArA race granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM 1. grantha kA laghu paricaya pR0 229 meM diyA gayA hai| 2. vizeSa ke lie dekheM : DA. jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa : eka __ dRSTi, pR0 111-416.

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432 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa batalAyA gayA hai ki kisa taraha usake pUrvaja vibhinna rAjadarabAroM meM viziSTa padoM para the| maNDana ke pazcAt bhI usake vaMzadhara mAlavA ke zAsakoM ke acche sahAyaka evaM padAdhikArI bane rahe / sumatisambhavakAvya', jAvaDacaritra aura jAvaDaprabandha se bhI mAlavA ke sulatAna gayAsuddIna khilajI (1483-1501 I.) ke zAsanakAla kI aneka sUcanAe~ milatI haiN| guruguNaratnAkara' (saM0 1541) meM aneka prAntIya zAsakoM ke samaya jainadharma aura samAja kI sthiti kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| mAlavA ke prajApriya, nyAyapAlaka sulatAna mahamUda khilajI (1436-1482 I0) kA mantrI mAMDavagar3havAsI candrasAdhu (cAMdAsAha) thaa| gayAsuddIna khilajI ke rAjyakAla meM poravAr3a jAti ke pramukha vyakti sUrA aura vIrA nAmaka jaina the| ukta maNDana kavi kA vaMzaja megha nAmaka vyakti isa sulatAna kA mantrI thA aura use 'maphpharamalika' upAdhi dI gaI thii| isI taraha aura bhI mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika bAteM dI gaI hai| mugalakAla ke jaina srota : mugalavaMza ke muslima zAsakoM meM se akabara, jahAMgIra aura zAhajahAM ke viSaya meM kucha jaina aitihAsika kAvyoM se aneka bahumUlya sUcanAe~ milatI haiM / tapAgacchIya upAdhyAya padmasundarakRta pAzvanAthakAvya, rAyamallAbhyudaya evaM akabarazAhizRMgAradarpaNa kI prazastiyoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki padmasundara akabara dvArA sammAnita the, unake dAdAguru Anandameru akabara ke pitA humAyU~ aura pitAmaha bAbara dvArA satkRta the| vi0 saM0 1632 meM paM0 rAjamalla viracita 1. yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha meM prakAzita daulata siMha lor3hA kA lekha: maMtrI maNDana aura usakA gauravazAlI vaMza; jaina sAhityano saMkSita itihAsa, pR. 477-480. 2. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 420. 3. paricaya ke lie dekheM pR0 216. 4. , pR0 229. 5. pR0 216. 6. isa grantha kA saMkSipta paricaya pahale diyA gayA hai /

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aitihAsika sAhitya jambUsvAmicaritra' meM akabara kI prazaMsA karate hue kavi ne likhA hai ki samrATa ne dharma ke prabhAva se jajiyA nAmaka kara banda karake yaza kA upArjana kiyA, usake mukha se hiMsaka vacana nahIM nikalate the, hiMsA se vaha sadA dUra rahatA thA aura usane juA aura madya-pAna kA niSedha kara diyA thaa| saM0 1650 meM race gaye karmavaMzotkIrtanakAvya' meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bIkAneranareza kA pradhAna karmacandra bacchAvata rAjA se anabana hone ke kAraNa akabara bAdazAha kI zaraNa meM A gayA thA aura usane use apanA eka pratiSThita mantrI banA liyaa| karmacandra ne pUrvavartI sulatAnoM dvArA apahRta aneka dhAtumayI jinamUrtiyA~ bhI musalamAnoM se prApta kI aura unheM bIkAnera ke mandiroM meM bhijavA diyaa| samrATa akabara ne apane zAhajAde salIma para Aye aniSTa grahoM kI zAnti jainadharmAnusAra karane ke lie abulaphajala Adi vidvAn mantriyoM kI salAha se karmacandra bacchAvata ko Adeza diyA thaa| ukta mantrI ke Agraha para bAdazAha ne ahamadAbAda ke sUbedAra Ajama khA~ ko pharamAna bhejA ki mere rAjya meM jainatIrthoM, jainamandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ko koI bhI vyakti kisI prakAra kI kSati na pahu~cA sake aura isa AjJA kA ullaMghana karanevAlA bhISaNa daNDa kA bhAgI hogaa| usI kAla ke mer3atA durga se prApta jaina zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki akabara ne jainamuniyoM ko yugapradhAna pada diye the, prati varSa ASAr3ha kI aSTAhnikA meM amAri (jIvahiMsA-niSedha) ghoSaNA kI thI, prativarSa saba milAkara 6 mAha paryanta samasta rAjya meM hiMsA banda karAI thI, khambhAta kI khAr3I meM machaliyoM kA zikAra banda karAyA thA, zatrujaya Adi tIrthoM kA karamocana kiyA thA aura sarvatra gorakSA kA pracAra kiyA thA Adi / 1595 I0 meM purtagAlI pAdarI pinhero ne bhI inameM se aneka bAtoM kA samarthana kiyA hai| AineakabarI bhI ina bAtoM kI puSTi karatI hai| ___ tapAgacchIya AcArya hIravijaya Adi ke jIvanacaritroM para likhe 'hIrasaubhAgyamahAkAvya' Adi granthoM se bhI mugala bAdazAhoM kI dhArmika bhAvanAoM kA patA calatA hai| ___ san 1582 ke lagabhaga kAbula se lauTane ke bAda akabara ne gujarAta ke zAsaka zihAbuddIna ahamadakhAna ke pAsa pharamAna bhejakara AcArya hIravijaya ko 1.2. ina granthoM kA saMkSita paricaya pahale diyA gayA hai| 3. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 188. 28

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AgarA darabAra Ane kA nimantraNa diyA / AcArya gujarAta se paidala calakara AgarA Aye / samrAT ne unakA bahuta sammAna kiyA aura aneka bheMTa kI / unake anurodha para usane paryUSaNaparva meM 12 dina taka jIva hatyA roka dI Adi / jUna san 1584 meM usane hIravijayajI ko 'jagadguru' kI upAdhi dI aura unake ziSya zAnticandra ko upAdhyAya pada / hIravijaya san 1582 se 1586 taka AgarA rahe / akabara aura hIravijayajI ke sambandhoM kA varNana padmasAgarakRta 'jagadgurukAvya' aura devavimalakRta 'hIrasaubhAgyakAvya' meM milatA hai / vairATa ( jayapura --- san 1587 ) tathA zatruMjaya (san 1593 ) se prApta zilAlekhoM se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai / 434 . upAdhyAya zAnticandra ne bAdazAha ke dayAmaya kAryoM ke varNana ke lie 'kRpArasakoza' banAyA / usake ahiMsA kAryoM kA varNana alabadAunI ne bhI kiyA hai / vinseNTa smitha ne apane grantha 'akabara' meM bhI ina bAtoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / upAdhyAya zAnticandra kA akabara para bar3A prabhAva thA / eka varSa Ida ke samaya samrATa ke pAsa hI the| Ida se eka dina pahale unhoMne samrATa se kahA ki aba ve vahA~ nahIM ThahareMge kyoMki agale dina Ida ke upalakSya meM aneka pazu mAre jaayeNge| unhoMne kurAna kI AyatoM se siddha kara dikhAyA ki kurbAnI kA mAMsa aura khUna khudA ko nahIM pahu~catA, vaha isa hiMsA se khuza nahIM hotA balki parahejagArI se khuza hotA hai| roTI aura zAka khAne se hI roje kabUla ho jAte haiM / anya aneka musalamAna granthoM se bhI unhoMne bAdazAha aura usake darabAriyoM ke samakSa yaha siddha kiyA aura bAdazAha se ghoSaNA karA dI ki isa Ida para kisI prakAra kA vadha na kiyA jAya / zAnticandra Avazyaka kArya se gujarAta cale gaye aura apane ziSya bhAnucandra ko akabara ke darabAra meM chor3a gaye / bar3A bhAnucandra kA akabara ke zeSa jIvana aura jahA~gIra ke prArambhika jIvana se samparka thA / akabara ne apane do zAhajAde salIma aura darredAniyAla kI zikSA bhAnucandragaNi ke adhIna kI thii| abulaphajala ko bhI bhAnucandra ne bhAratIya darzana par3hAyA thA / bhAnucandra ne samrATa ke lie 'sUryasahasranAma' kI racanA kI aura isI kAraNa ve 'pAtazAha akabara jalAluddIna sUryasahasranAmAdhyApaka ' kahalAte the / ve phArasI ke bhI bar3e vidvAn the / bAdazAha ne khuza hokara unheM 'khuzaphahama' upAdhi pradAna kI thii| akabara bhAnucandragaNi ke prati atyanta AsthAvAn thA / isake samarthana meM bahuta sAmagrI hai| unameM se do mAtra kA

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aitihAsika sAhitya ullekha karate haiM / eka samaya akabara ko bhayAnaka siradarda thA / use dUra karane meM kisI cikitsaka ko saphalatA nahIM milI / taba samrATa ne bhAnucandra kA smaraNa kiyA / unhoMne samrAT ke sira para hAtha rakhakara cintAmaNi pArzva kI stuti kI / isase siradarda sadA ke lie dUra ho gayA / rAjya ke umarAvoM ne isa khuzI meM kurbAnI ke lie pazu ekatra kiye kintu khabara pAte hI bAdazAha ne vaha turanta rukavA dii| eka bAra zikAra karate hue bAdazAha ko gaI aura do mAha taka palaMga para par3e rahe / AjJA thI para bhAnucandra aura abulaphajala ko ziSya siddhicandrakRta 'bhAnucandragaNicarita" meM nUrajahAM tathA kaI eka darabAriyoM kA caritra-citraNa kiyA gayA hai / mRga ke sIMga se coTa A usa samaya sabhI ko na milane kI koI AjJA na thI / bhAnucandra ke ukta bAtoM ke atirikta jahAMgIra, AcArya hIravijaya ke pradhAna ziSya vijayasena para hemavijayagaNikRta 'vijayaprazastimahAkAvya tathA unake praziSya vijayadeva para zrIvallabha upAdhyAyakRta 'vijayadevamAhAtmya' tathA meghavijayagaNikRta 'vijayadevamAhAtmyavivaraNa' 'digvijaya kAvya', 'deva nanda mahAkAvya" Adi meM akabara aura jahAMgIra ke viSaya meM aneka aitihAsika bAteM dI gaI haiN| vijayasenasUri ko akabara ne lAhaura bulAyA thaa| unake ziSya nandivijaya ko aSTa avadhAna para usane khuzaphahama ( a man of sharp intellect ) kI upAdhi dI thI / vijayasenagaNi ne samrATa ke darabAra meM 'Izvara kartA hartA nahIM hai' viSaya para anya dharmoM ke vidvAnoM se aneka zAstrArtha kiye the aura unheM 'savAI hIravijayasUri' kI upAdhi milI thI / unake anurodha se usane gAya, baila Adi pazuoM kI hiMsA roka dI thI / " san 1582 se lekara bahuta samaya taka akabara aura jahAMgIra ke darabAra meM koI na koI vidvAn AcArya rahe the / 435 prazastiyA~ : prazasti kA artha hotA hai gugakIrtana / saMskRta sAhitya kI yaha eka atyanta rocaka zailI hai | AlaMkArika zailI ke kAvyarUpa meM likhe jAne para bhI prazastiyoM ke viSaya itihAsa prasiddha vyakti hI hote haiM aura inase atIta ke itihAsa ke 1-4. ina granthoM kA paricaya pahale diyA gayA hai| 5. vizeSa ke lie 'akabara ANi jainadharma sUrIzvara ANi samrAT grantha dekheM; jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 535-560 vizeSarUpa se draSTavya hai /

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436 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saMyojana meM bahuta-sI sAmagrI mila jAtI hai| vaidika sAhitya se sambaddha brAhmaNoM aura upaniSadoM meM 'gAthA nArAzaMsI' arthAt prasiddha vIra vyaktiyoM kI prazaMsA ke gIta kA bahuta bAra ullekha milatA hai| ye gIta Rgveda kI dAna stutiyoM aura atharvaveda ke aneka sUktoM se sambaddha haiM aura pazcAtkAlIna vIra gAthAoM meM varNita zaurya ghaTanAoM ke prAgrupa bhii| inakA viSaya yoddhAoM aura narezoM ke gauravamaya kAryoM kA hI varNana hai| kAlAntara meM ye hI gAthAe~ kisI eka vyaktivizeSa athavA ghaTanAvizeSa ko lekara bahuta bar3e mahAkAvyoM meM vikasita huii| pazcAtkAla meM gumayuga ke lagabhaga ye prazastiyA~ hameM utkIrNa lekhoM ke rUpa meM tathA svatantra guNavacana ke rUpa meM bhI prApta hotI haiN| samudragupta ke sambandha kI hariSeNa-prazasti ilAhAbAda ke eka stambha se prApta huI hai| skandagupta kA giranAra-zilAlekha aura mandasaura ke sUryamandira kI vatsabhaTTi-prazasti bhI isI prakAra kI hai| siddhasena divAkarakRta guNavacanadvAtriMzikA utkIrNa lekha na hone para bhI isI prakAra kI prazasti hai jisameM candragupta dvitIya vikramAditya kA guNakIrtana kiyA gayA hai| pazcAtkAla meM mandiroM, mUrtiyoM Adi sthApatyoM ke smRtirUpa meM aneka prakAra kI prazastiyA~ likhane kI paramparA calane lgii| jaina manISI isa viSaya meM pIche na rahe / dakSiNa bhArata, gujarAta, rAjasthAna tathA madhya bhArata meM jaina vidvAnoM ne eka viziSTa prakAra kI bhI prazastiyA~ likhI jinheM grantha-prazasti arthAt pustaka kI stutigAthA kahate haiN| ye sAmAnyataH granthoM ke anta meM aura kabhI-kabhI grantha ke prArambha meM bhI yA puSpikA ke rUpa meM grantha ke kisI adhyAya yA saba adhyAyoM ke anta meM pAI jAtI haiN| I0 chaThI zatI ke pahale likhe gaye granthoM meM hameM ye prazastiyA~ prAyaH nahIM milatIM parantu 7vIM zatI se Age inakA adhika aura sAmAnya prayoga hone lgaa| ___ kAvyAtmaka Adarza prazastiyA~ bhI jaina vidvAnoM ne likhI haiN| inakA aitihAsika evaM kAvyAtmaka mahattva vibhinna prakAra kA hotA hai| koI-koI prazastiyA~ bahuta hI choTI hotI haiM arthAt kucha paMktiyoM kI hI, to kitanI hI sau-sau paMktiyoM yA zlokoM jaisI lambI hotI haiN| kucha gadya meM hotI haiM to kucha sArI kI sArI padya meM hii| koI-koI gadya aura padya mizrita bhii| aitihAsika dRSTi se ina prazastiyoM meM mahattva kA aMza sAdhAraNatayA vaMzaparicaya, zaurya athavA dharmakAryavarNana hotA hai| aneka prazastiyA~ sthApatya se sambaddha haiM jinameM sthApatya nirmAtA yA dAtA kA vRttAnta diyA jAtA hai| yadi nirmAtA yA dAtA tatkAlIna rAjA nahIM hai to usa prazasti meM tatkAlika rAjA ke sambandha meM kucha na kucha ullekha

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aitihAsika sAhitya 437 kara diyA jAtA hai| tadanantara dAna kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai aura pIche kisake lie aura kina zartoM meM dAna huA thA isakA bhI ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| sthApatya prazasti meM nirmAtA zilpI kA, pratiSThAtA guru kA, prazasti-racayitA kavi kA, tAmra yA zilA para likhanevAle lekhaka aura use utkIrNa karanevAle tvaSTA kA nAma diyA jAtA hai| sthApatya-prazastiyoM ( zilAlekhoM aura tAmrapatroM) ke samAna hI grantha-prazastiyA~ yA svatantra kAvyAtmaka prazastiyA~ mahattvapUrNa aura vizvasanIya haiN| antara itanA hai ki ye prazastiyA~ alpasthAyI kAgaja yA tAr3apatroM meM likhI milatI haiM jaba ki sthApatya-prazastiyA~ dIrghasthAyI pASANa aura dhAtuoM para / jahA~ taka aitihAsika dRSTi se racanA aura vivaraNa kA sambandha hai donoM eka sI haiN| svatantra kAvyAtmaka prazastiyoM ke paricayakrama meM hamane pahale hI aitihAsika kAvyoM ke pahale prAcInatA kI dRSTi se guNavacanadvAtriMzikA nAmaka eka prazasti kA paricaya de diyA hai / kucha anya upalabdha prazastiyoM kA paricaya bhI prastuta karate haiN| vastupAla aura tejapAla ke sukRtoM kI smAraka prazastiyA~ : vastupAla tejapAla ke sambandha meM choTI-bar3I aneka prakAra kI prazastiyA~ milatI haiM / prathama prazasti hai : sukRtakIrtikallolino : ___yaha 179 zlokoM kI lambI prazasti hai jo vastupAla ke sukRtoM kI paricAyaka stuti-kathA hI hai| isameM una bAtoM kA saMkSipta varNana hai jinakA arisiMha ke kAvya sukRtasaMkIrtana meM hai| paramparAnusAra maMgalAcaraNa ke bAda padya 9-18 meM cAvar3A vaMza ke rAjAoM ke zaurya kA varNana hai, tadanantara 19-69 taka padyoM meM caulukya nRpoM kA varNana, tatpazcAt 70-97 padyoM meM vIradhavala aura usake pUrvajoM kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| vastupAla ke vaMzavRkSa, maMtritvakAla aura usake parivAra kI prazaMsA 98-137 padyoM meM hai / padya 138-140 meM vastupAla ke zaurya kAryoM kA varNana hai aura 141-149 meM usakI saMghayAtrAe~ varNita haiN| padya 150-157 meM nAgendragaccha ke AcAryoM kI paTTAvalI tathA 158-61 meM vijayasenasUri kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai / tatpazcAt 1. jinaratnakoza, pR. 443, gAyakavAr3a prAcya granthamAlA, kramAMka 10 (bar3audA, 1920) meM hammIramadamardana nATaka ke pariziSTharUpa meM prakAzita.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa padya 162-77 meM racayitA ne vastupAla dvArA nirmita dhArmika tathA laukika bhavanoM ko ginAyA hai aura anta meM padya 178 meM prazastiracayitA kA nAma aura 179 meM AzIrvacana diyA gayA hai / isa prazasti ke racayitA udayaprabhasUri haiM jinakA paricaya dharmAbhyudayakAvya ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| kavi ne isa prazasti ko zatrujaya parvata ke Upara AdinAtha ke mandira meM kisI sthAna para zilApaTTa para utkIrNa karAne ke lie racA thaa| udayaprabhasUri ne vastupAla dvArA stambhatIrtha meM nirmita upAzraya kI bhI eka prazasti banAI thii| isameM 19 padya haiM aura kucha bhAga gadya kA bhI hai| isameM nirmAtA aura usake guru ke vaMzavRzca evaM prazaMsA ke atirikta dUsarA kucha nahIM hai| inhIM AcAryakRta 33 padyoM kI saMgraharUpa eka 'vastupAlaprazasti' milatI hai / yaha kisI ghaTanA vizeSa para yA kisI sukRta kI smRti meM racI gaI pratIta nahIM hotI, balki bhinna-bhinna avasaroM para vastupAla kI prazaMsA para likhe gaye padyoM kI saMgraharUpa hai| ye padya bar3e hI sundara haiN|' udayaprabhasUrikRta 5 padyoM kA eka anya prazastilekha bhI milatA hai jisameM neminAtha aura AdinAtha ke prati bhaktibhAva vyakta karate hue vastupAla kI dAnazIlatA evaM dhArmikatA ko batalAkara usakI dIrghAyu kI kAmanA kI gaI hai / vastupAla-tejapAlaprazasti : __ yaha 77 padyoM kA kIrtikAvya hai / yaha bhRgukaccha ke zakunivihAra nAmaka munisuvrata svAmI ke mandira meM choTI devakulikAoM para tejapAla dvArA svaNa dhvajadaNDa car3hAe jAne kI smRti meM racA gayA hai| isameM anya prazastiyoM kI bhA~ti hI caulukyanarezoM kA varNana padya 4-31 meM tathA bagheloM kA padya 32-38 meM tathA dAtA vastupAla-tejapAla kA padya 39-51 taka vaMzavRkSa diyA gayA hai aura 1. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maNDala, pR0 182. 2. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha meM pR0 303-330 meM prakAzita muni puNyavijaya jI ke lekha 'puNyazloka mahAmAtya vastupAlanA aprasiddha zilAlekho tathA prazastilekho' meM prazastilekhAMka 2. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 345; gAyakavAr3a prAcya granthamAlA, saMkhyA 10 (bar3audA, 1920) meM hammIramadamardana nATaka ke pariziSTharUpa meM prakAzita.

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aitihAsika sAhitya 139 padya 52-62 meM usake sukRtyoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| padya 63-71 meM mandira ke mukhya adhiSThAtA evaM prazasti ke racayitA jayasiMha ke upadeza se evaM apane agraja vastupAla kI AjJA se tejapAla dvArA svarNa dhvajadaNDoM ke nirmANa kA varNana hai / anta meM dhvajadaNDoM, mandira aura donoM mantriyoM ke lie AzIrvacana hai| isa prazasti ke racayitA vIrasiMhasUri ke ziSya jayasiMhasUri haiN| inhoMne hammIramadamardana nATaka bhI racA hai jo eka aitihAsija nATaka hI hai aura vastupAla kI zauryakathA batalAtA hai| 1. vastupAlaprazasti : yaha 26 zlokoM kI prazasti hai| pahale padya meM maMgalAcaraNa tathA dUsare meM vastu pAla aura tejapAla aura unake pUrvajoM kA varNana hai| zeSa kAvya meM apane AzrayadAtA kI stuti hI hai| isake racayitA naracandrasUri haiM jo harSapurIya yA maladhArIgaccha ke devaprabhasUri ke ziSya the| ye vastupAla ke mAtRpakSa se guru the| inhoMne vastupAla ko nyAya, vyAkaraNa aura sAhitya Adi grantha par3hAye the| ye kaI granthoM ke racayitA evaM TippaNakAra the| inakA phalita jyotiSa para jyotiHsAra yAne nAracandrajyotiHsAra milatA hai| inhoMne zrIdhara kI nyAyakandalI para evaM murAri ke anargharAghava nATaka para TippaNa likhe tathA jaina kathAnakoM para kathAratnasAgara tathA caturviMzatijinastotra racA thaa| 2. vastupAlaprazasti : ____ yaha 104 padyoM kI eka prazasti hai|' ise naracandrasUri ke ziSya narendraprabhasUri ne banAyA hai / yaha aitihAsika aura sAhityika dRSTi se kucha mahattva kI hai| isake prathama padya meM jina aura mahAdeva kI zleSamaya stuti hai, padya 2-12 meM caulukya vaMza ke rAjAoM kI kIrtigAthA tathA 13-17 meM baghelAvaMza kA varNana, padya 18-24 meM vastupAla ke pUrvajoM aura usake nijaguNoM ke viSaya meM padya 25-28 meM vaNana kiyA gayA hai| isake bAda 98 padya taka vastupAla kI tIrthayAtrAoM, jIrNoddhAra, dharmazAlA-nirmANa Adi kAryoM kA varNana hai| padya 99-104 meM 1. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maNDala, pR0 101. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 345.

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. 440 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nAgendragaccha ke AcAryoM kA varNana tathA prazastiracayitA aura usake guru kA bhI varNana hai| ___narendraprabhasUri kI dUsarI vastupAlaprazasti' 37 padyoM kI milatI hai / isameM rAjA vIradhavala aura donoM bhAiyoM kI kIrti varNita hai| isameM kisI bhI aitihAsika ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai| ukta donoM prazastiyoM ke racayitA narendraprabhasUri vastupAla ke samaya ke vidvAn muniyoM meM eka the| inhoMne apane guru naracandrasUri kI AjJA se vastupAla ke prItyartha alaMkAramahodadhikArikA aura vRtti kI racanA saM0 1282 meM kI thii| unakI anya kRtiyoM meM 'kAkutsthakelinATaka' 1500 zloka-pramANa kA ullekha milatA hai| inakI dhArmika viSayoM para vivekapAdapa aura vivekakalikA nAmaka do racanAe~ aura milatI haiN| narendraprabhasUri vastupAla ke sAtha zatrujayayAtrA meM gaye the aura unhoMne 370 padyoM kI prazasti yAtrA ke prArambha hote hI aura dUsarI yAtrA kI samApti hone para zatrujaya para likhI thii| 3. vastupAlaprazasti : 4 padyoM kI eka prazasti vastupAla ke parama mitra yazovIra dvArA racita bhI upalabdha huI hai| isameM vastupAla ke guNoM kA kIrtana mAtra hai, aitihAsika bAta kucha bhI nhiiN| yazovIra vastupAla kA antaraMga mitra thaa|' samakAlIna kavi somezvara ne donoM mitroM ko sarasvatI ke do putra kahakara prazaMsA kI hai| jayasiMhasUri ke hammIramadamardana nATaka ( aMka 5, zloka 48 ) meM vastupAla dvArA yazovIra kA apane jyeSTha bhrAtA ke samAna Adara karanA batAyA gayA hai| prabandhoM meM yazovIrakRta kaI padyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki vaha acchA saMskRta kavi thA, yadyapi usakI kisI racanA kI upalabdhi aba taka nahIM huI 1. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maNDala, pR0 184. 1. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha meM pR0 303-330 meM prakAzita muni puNyavijayajI kA lekha 'puNyazloka mahAmAtya vastupAlanA aprasiddha zilAlekho tathA prazastilekho' meM prazastilekhAGka 5.

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aitihAsika sAhitya 441 hai / vaha saNDerakagaccha ke AcArya zAntisUri kA anuyAyI thA aura jAlora kA - rahanevAlA rAjyamAnya vyakti thA / 4. vastupAlaprazasti : 12 padyoM kI yaha prazasti' kucha kAla pUrva prakAza meM AI hai / isake racayitA sukRtasaMkIrtanakAvyakartA arisiMha Thakkura haiN| isameM vastupAla kA nAma vasantapAla vastupAla donoM diyA gayA hai aura udAtta kAvyAtmaka zailI meM yazogAthA varNita hai / isameM kisI aitihAsika ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai / - grantha, dAtA tathA lipikAra - prazastiyA~ : grantha se sambaddha prazastiyA~ do prakAra kI haiM : prathama granthakAraprazasti, dUsarI pustakaprazasti / granthakAraprazasti meM grantharacayitA kA apanA paricaya, usakI - guruparamparA, racanAsthAna evaM samaya Adi kA ullekha hotA hai / pustakaprazasti -do prakAra kI hai : eka dravyadAna dekara likhAnevAloM kI prazasti aura dUsarI lekhana kArya karanevAle lipikAra kI prazasti / aisI prazastiyA~ piTarasana, bhANDArakara Adi vidvAnoM kI riporToM meM tathA pATana, khaMbhAta, jaisalamera, bar3audA, ahamadAbAda, limbar3I, jaisalamera, jayapura, Amera Adi jainabhaNDAroM kI vivaraNAtmaka sUciyoM tathA jaina pustaka prazastisaMgraha ' nAmaka granthoM meM dI gaI haiN| aisI prazastiyA~ madhyayugIna bhArata ke sambhrAnta jaina parivAroM ke itihAsa kI bhI bahuta upayogI sUcanAe~ detI haiM / ye sUcanAe~ gujarAta aura madhya bhArata se prApta granthoM meM karnATaka aura tamiladeza se prApta granthoM kI apekSA adhika haiM / 10vIM zatAbdI 1. yazovIra ke vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM : DA0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarAkRta mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maNDala, pR0 81-85. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha, pR0 303-330, prazastilekhAGka 6. 3. aba taka prakAzita isa prakAra ke granthoM meM muni jinavijayajI dvArA sampAdita jainapustakaprazasti saMgraha, zrI amRtalAla maganalAla zAha dvArA sampAdita prazastisaMgraha ( 2 bhAga ), paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI dvArA sampAdita prazastisaMgraha, paM0 paramAnanda zAstrIkRta jainapranthaprazastisaMgraha, bhAga 1 ( saMskRta - prAkRta ) aura bhAga 2 ( apabhraMza ) tathA DA0 kastUracandra kAsalIvAla dvArA sampAdita prazastisaMgraha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM /

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442 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa se pUrva ke kucha hI hastalikhita grantha mile haiM jinameM prathama prakAra kI prazastiyA~ ( granthakAraprazasti ) milatI haiN| bhAratIya itihAsa ke viSaya meM chuTapuTa sUcanAoM ko ikaTThA karane meM jaina granthakAroM kI prazastiyA~ mahattvapUrNa srota ke rUpa meM samajho gaI haiN| yadi inakA ucita rUpa se ekIkaraNa kiyA jAya aura pratimAlekhoM ke sAtha jo ki bar3I saMkhyA meM utkIrNa pAye gaye haiM aura prakAzita bhI hue haiM tathA anya abhilekhoM ke sAtha adhyayana kiyA jAya to na kevala nUtana tathya hI prakAza meM AeMge balki sujJAta tathyoM ke bIca paraspara sambandha dikhAye jA sakeMge aura hamAre tithikrama ke adhyayana meM bahuta acche phala prApta hoNge| samakAlIna rikArDa hone se ye prazastiyA~ deza ke rAjanItika aura sAmAjika itihAsa ke nirmANa ke lie bhI mahattvapUrNa srota haiN| inase tatkAlIna dhArmika aura sAhityika gatividhi kA bhI paricaya milatA hai| pustakaprazasti hameM dAnadAtA, usake parivAra, vaMzAvali, jAti aura gotra Adi kA paricaya milatA hai / isake atirikta inase bhUgola kI bhI sAmagrI milatI hai| madhyakAlIna jainAcAryoM ke pArasparika vidyA-sambandha, gaccha ke sAtha unake sambandha, kAryakSetra kA vistAra, jJAnaprasAra ke lie prayatna Adi kI paryApta sAmagrI bhI mila jAtI hai| bhAvakoM kI jAtiyoM ke nikAsa aura vikAsa para bhI rocaka prakAza inase milatA hai / granthakAraprazasti ke mahattva ko hama pahale hI granthoM ke paricaya ke sAtha sUcita karate gaye haiN| hamane kuvalayamAlA, harivaMzapurANa, uttarapurANa, hariSeNakathAkoza Adi kI prazastiyoM ke mahattvoM ko yathAsthAna aMkita kiyA hai| unakA phira se yahA~ vistArapUrvaka varNana karane kA avakAza nhiiN| phira bhI yahA~ do-cAra anya prazastiyoM kA vivaraNa upasthita karate haiN| munisuvvayasAmicariya kI prazasti : ____ saM0 1193 meM racita ukta kAvya' meM harSapurIyagaccha ke zrIcandrasUri ne lagabhaga 100 padyoM kI eka bar3I prazasti dI hai| isa prazasti meM granthakAra ne apane dAdA guru aura guru kA guNavarNana bahuta vistAra se kiyA hai| isameM zAkaMbharInareza pRthvIrAja, gvAliyaranareza bhuvanapAla, saurASTra ke rAjA kheMgAra aura aNahilapura ke rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha Adi kA ullekha hai| usa samaya pATana kA eka saMgha giranAratIrtha kI yAtrA ke lie gayA aura vanathalI meM usane par3Ava ddaalaa| usa saMgha meM Aye logoM ke AbhUSaNa Adi kI samRddhi ko dekhakara 1. isa grantha kA paricaya pR0 87 meM diyA gayA hai|

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aitihAsika sAhitya soraThanareza kA mana lalacA gyaa| usake lobhI sahacaroM ne kahA ki pATana kI bar3I lakSmI ghara baiThe tumhAre yahA~ A gaI hai aura bahuta logoM ne saMgha ko lUTakara apane khajAne bhara liye| rAjA ko eka tarapha lakSmI kA lobha aura dUsarI tarapha jagat meM phailanevAlI apakIrti ke bhaya se vaha skpkaayaa| usane saMgha ko bahuta dina taka vahA~ se jAne hI na diyaa| taba granthakAra ke prabhAvaka guru AcArya hemacandra ( dUsare hemacandra ) maukA dekhakara kheMgAra kI sabhA meM gaye aura use dharmopadeza dekara usake duSTa vicAra ko parivartita kiyA aura saMgha ko Apatti se chur3A diyA Adi / isa taraha kI kitanI hI aitihAsika bAteM granthakAra ne isa prazasti meM dI haiN| aNahilavADa, bharuca, AzApallI, harSapura, raNathaMbhora, sAcora, vaNathalI, dholakA aura dhaMdhukA Adi sthAnoM tathA maMtrI zAntu, aNahilapura kA seTha sIyA, bharuca kA seTha dhavala aura AzApallI kA zrImAlI seTha nAgila Adi kitane hI prakhyAta nAgarikoM kA ullekha isa prazasti meM hai| supAsanAhacariya kI prazasti : uparyukta zrIcandrasUri ke gurubhAI lakSmaNagaNi ne saM0 1199 kI mAgha sudI dazamI guruvAra ke dina mAMDala meM rahakara supAsanAhacariya nAmaka bRhat grantha likhA / usake anta meM 17 gAthAoM kI eka acchI prazasti hai| usa prazasti meM mahattva kI kaI bAteM haiM para sabase mahattva kI bAta yaha hai ki jisa samaya yaha grantha pUrNa huA usa samaya aNahilapura meM rAjA kumArapAla rAjya karatA thaa| kumArapAla ke rAjya kA yaha samakAlIna prathama ullekha hai| prabandhacintAmaNi Adi meM isa rAjA kI rAjagaddI para baiThane kA samaya saM0 1199 diyA gayA hai| yaha ullekha tatkAlIna aura asaMdigdha kathana se satya baiThatA hai| DA. devadatta bhAMDArakara ne eka samaya godharA aura mAravAr3a ke eka lekha kA bhrAnta artha kara kumArapAla kI saM0 1200 ke bAda rAjagaddI para baiThane kI sambhAvanA kI thI aura kahA thA ki prabandhacintAmaNi meM diyA gayA varSa ThIka nahIM hai para ukta samakAlIna prazasti ke ullekha se bhAMDArakara kA mata nirasta ho jAtA hai| neminAhacariu kI prazasti : saM0 1216 meM kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla meM haribhadrasUri nAmaka eka AcArya ne neminAhacariu nAmaka grantha meM 23 padyoM kI eka prazasti apabhraMza meM likhI hai| mantrI pRthvIpAla kI preraNA se AcArya ne yaha grantha likhA thaa| isalie granthakAra ne apanI guruparamparA ke paricaya ke sAtha isa mantrI ke pUrvajoM kA bhI

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444 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa thor3A-bahuta paricaya diyA hai| mantrI pRthvIpAla, suprasiddha daNDanAyaka mantrI vimalasAha poravADa kA vaMzaja thaa| mUla meM ye loga zrImAla ke nivAsI the, pIche pATana ke pAsa gAMbhU nAma ke sthAna meM Akara basa gaye the aura jaba aNahilapura kI sthApanA huI usI samaya ve loga vahA~ Akara basa gaye / cAvar3AvaMza ke nareza vanarAja ke samaya meM isa vaMza kA prasiddha puruSa ninnaya thA / vaha hAthI-ghor3e aura dhana-samRddhi se yukta thaa| vanarAja use apane pitA ke samAna mAnatA thA aura vanarAja ne hI AgrahapUrvaka use vahA~ basAyA thaa| ninnaya ke lahara nAmaka eka bar3A parAkramI putra thA jo viMdhyAcala se aneka hAthiyoM ko pakar3akara lAtA thaa| gujarAta ke navodita sAmrAjya ko balavAn banAne meM usakA bar3A bhAga thaa| vanarAja se lekara durlabharAja caulukya taka 11 rAjAoM ke kisI na kisI pradhAna pada para isa vaMza ke puruSa krama se cale A rahe the| durlabharAja ke samaya meM vIra nAmaka pradhAna thaa| usake do putra jyeSTha neDha aura laghu vimala the| jyeSTha to bhImadeva caulukya kA mahAmAtya aura laghu daNDanAyaka thaa| bhIma ke Adeza se AbU ke paramAra rAjA ko jItane ke lie vimala bar3I senA lekara candrAvatI gayA aura use jItakara gujarAta kA eka sAmanta bnaayaa| pIche usI ne ambAdevI kI kRpA se AbU parvata para suprasiddha AdinAtha ke bhavya mandira ko bnvaayaa| neDha kA putra dhavala huA jo karNadeva caulukya kA eka amAtya thaa| usakA putra Ananda huA jo siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke samaya meM bhI kisI eka pradhAna pada para thaa| usakA putra mahAmAtya pRthvIpAla huaa| isane AbU ke Upara vimalasAha ke mandira meM apane pUrvajoM kI hAthI ke kandhe para baiThI 7 mUrtiyA~ banavAI thIM tathA pATana ke paMcAsara pArzvanAtha mandira meM eka bhavya maNDapa banavAyA thaa| usane candrAvatI, rohA, varAhI, sAvaNavADA Adi grAmoM meM devasthAnoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, aneka pustakeM likhAkara bhaNDAroM ko dI Adi bAteM isa prazasti meM AI haiN| yaha eka prabandha jaisA lagatA hai / vanarAja cAvar3A ke viSaya meM sabase pahalA ullekha yahI mAnA jAtA hai| vimala mantrI ke viSaya meM sabase pahalI khoja yahI hai| gujarAta ke rAjavaMza aura pradhAnavaMza kI yaha avicchinna paramparA aitihAsika dRSTi se bahumUlyavAn hai / isa taraha yaha prazasti gujarAta ke itihAsa ke lie mahattva kI hai| amamasvAmicarita kI prazasti : ___ amamasvAmicarita kA paricaya pahale diyA hai| usake anta meM 34 padyoM vAlI prazasti meM usa kAla ke gujarAta ke aneka pramukha aitihAsika vyaktiyoM kA

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aitihAsika sAhitya ullekha milatA hai| jisa gRhastha kI preraNA se isa caritra kI racanA kI gaI thI vaha kumArapAla ke mahAmAtya yazodhavala kA putra jagadeva thaa| vaha varAhI kA nivAsI zrImAla vaizya thaa| vaha acchA vidvAn thA aura bAlapana se kavitA karatA thA / hemacandrAcArya ne use bAlakavi kI padavI dI thii| vaha bAlakavi ke nAma se sarvatra khyAta thaa| usakA eka ghaniSTha mitra nirnaya mantrI brAhmaNa thaa| usakA pitA rudrazarmA kumArapAla kA rAjajyotiSI thA / mantrI nirnaya aura eka anya bhaTTa sUdana donoM rAjamAnya brAhmaNa the aura jainadharma ke prati khUba sahAnubhUti rakhate the| muniratna kI isa kRti kA saMzodhana rAjya ke variSTha nyAyAdhIza kavi kumAra ( kavi somezvara ke pitA) ne kiyA thA aura isakI prathama hastalipi gujera mantrI udayarAja ke vidvAn putra sAgaracandra ne likhI thI aura isa caritra kA prathama zravaNa vaiyAkaraNAgraNI paM0 pUrNapAla aura yazaHpAla tathA svayaM bAlakavi ( jagadeva) tathA AmaNa aura mahAnanda nAmaka sabhyoM ne kiyA thaa| pazcAt bAlakavi ne isa grantha kI apane kharca se aneka pratiyA~ banavAkara vidvAnoM. ko bheMTa kI thiiN| isa prazasti meM samAgata mahAmAtya yazodhavala kA ullekha saM0 1218 ke. kumArapAlasambandhI eka lekha meM AtA hai| gurjara rAjyapurohita kavi somezvara kA pitA kavi kumAra bhIma dvitIya ke samaya saM0 1255 meM gujarAta kA variSTha nyAyAdhIza thA, yaha prazasti se naI bAta mAlUma hotI hai| jaina vidvAn aura rAjA ke agragaNya brAhmaNa vidvAnoM meM paraspara bahuta sahAnubhUti aura mitratA thI, isa bAta kA sundara udAharaNa isa prazasti se milatA hai| ___ yahA~ prazastiyoM kA mahattva batalAne ke lie hamane kucha hI prazastiyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| isa prakAra kI aneka prazastiyoM kA hamane yatra-tatra saMketa bhI kiyA hai| inakI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hai| granthakAraprazasti ke atirikta pustakaprazasti bhI bar3e mahattva kI hai| usa kAla meM jJAnapriya gRhasthoM ne tAr3apatra, kAgaja Adi para pustakoM ko likhAkara saMgraha karane meM hajAroM-lAkhoM rupayA kharca kiyA thA aura bar3e-bar3e sarasvatI bhaNDAra sthApita kiye the| una gRhasthoM ke sukRtyoM kI smAraka prazastiyA~ ina pustakoM ke sAtha dI gaI haiN| ye pustakaprazastiyA~ 12vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se gujarAta meM likhe gaye granthoM meM adhikatara pAI jAtI haiN| inase siddharAja, kumArapAla, bhImadeva, vIsaladeva, arjunadeva, sAraMgadeva Adi ke rAjya, unake rAjyAdhikAriyoM

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446 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa evaM aneka jaina zrAvakoM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI milatI hai| sAmAjika aura bhaugolika paristhiti ke jJAna ke lie ye prazastiyA~ bar3I upayogI haiM / udAharaNa ke lie eka prazasti kA paricaya yahA~ diyA jAtA hai / saNDera grAma ke rahanevAle parabata aura kAnha nAmaka do bhAiyoM ne saM0 1571 meM saikar3oM grantha apane kharca se likhAkara eka bar3A jJAnabhaNDAra sthApita kiyA thaa| unake isa kArya ko batalAnevAlI 33 padyoM kI eka prazasti unake dvArA likhAI gaI pratyeka pustaka ke anta meM dI gaI hai| pUnA, bhAvanagara, pATana aura pAlItANA ke jaina bhaNDAroM kI hastapratiyoM meM yaha milatI hai| isa prazasti kA paricaya yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| pUrvakAla meM saMDera grAma meM poravADa jAti kA AbhU nAmaka seTha thaa| usakI cauthI pIr3hI meM caNDasiMha nAmaka puruSa huA jisake 7 pratApI putra the / ina putroM meM sabase bar3A pethaDa thaa| pethaDa kA usa sthAna ke jAgIradAra se kisI kAraNa jhagar3A huA aura isa kAraNa usane vaha sthAna chor3a diyA aura bIjA nAmaka kSatriya vIra kI sahAyatA se usane eka bIjApura nAmaka nayA nagara bsaayaa| usa grAma meM rahane AnevAle logoM se usane kucha candA ikaTThA kara eka jainamandira banavAyA aura vahA~ pItala kI mahAvIra jina kI bar3I vizAla mUrti sthApita kii| pethaDa ne AbU para vastupAla-tejapAla ke mandiroM kA bhI jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| karNadeva baghelA ke rAjya meM saM0 1360 meM apane 6 bhAiyoM ke sAtha usane zatrujaya, giranAra Adi kI yAtrA ke lie eka saMgha nikaalaa| isake bAda usane dubArA 6 bAra ina tIrthoM kI saMgha ke sAtha yAtrA kii| saM0 1377 meM gujarAta meM bar3A duSkAla pdd'aa| usa samaya usane lAkhoM dInajanoM ko annadAna karake prANa bcaaye| hajAroM svarNa muhara kharcakara usane cAra jJAnabhaNDAra bhI sthApita kiye| isa pethaDa se 4thI pIDhI meM maMDalika nAmaka vyakti ne aneka mandira, dharmazAlA Adi dharmasthAna bnvaaye| saM0 1468 meM duSkAla par3A to usane logoM ko khUba anna dekara sukhI kiyaa| saM0 1477 meM bar3A saMgha nikAlakara zatrunaya Adi tIrthoM kI sthApanA kii| usakA putra ThAiA aura usakA putra vijitA huaa| usake tIna putra parabata, DUMgara aura narabada / parabata aura DUMgara donoM bhAiyoM ne milakara saM0 1559 meM eka vidvAn ko upAdhyAya padavI dene meM bar3A mahotsava kiyA thaa| saM0 1560 meM jIrAvalA aura AbU Adi sthAnoM kI yAtrA kI thii| gaMdhAra bandaragAha meM jAkara vahA~ ke upAzrayoM ke lie kalpasUtra kI

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aitihAsika sAhitya 447 likhita pratiyA~ bheMTa kI thii| DUMgara ne apane bhAI parabata ke sAtha milakara 1591 meM saMDera meM eka jJAnabhaNDAra banAyA / DUMgara kA putra kAnhA huaa| isa taraha isa prazasti meM eka dhanADhya kuTumba ke 300 varSa taka kA saMkSipta itihAsa diyA gayA hai| saM0 1377 meM aura 1468 meM gujarAta meM bar3A duSkAla par3A thaa| isa bAta kA patA isa prazasti se lagatA hai| saM0 1360 meM karNadeva kA rAjyazAsana bahuta dUra taka thA, isa bAta kA patA bhI isa prazasti se lagatA hai| pethaDa seTha dvArA nikAle gaye saMgha kA varNana tatkAlIna racanA pethaDarAsa se mAlUma hotA hai aura isase do varSa bAda likhI prazasti ke varNanoM kI puSTi hotI hai| ___ isa prakAra kI anya prazastiyoM se bahuta-sI aitihAsika bAteM jAnI jA sakatI haiN| ina pustakaprazastiyoM se zrImAla, poravADa, osavAla, DIsAvAla, pallIvAla, moDha, vAyaDA, dhAkaDa, hUMbaDa, nAgara Adi gujarAta, madhya bhArata kI pradhAnapradhAna vaizya jAtiyoM evaM kuTumboM kA prAmANika paricaya bhI mila jAtA hai|| pustakaprazasti kA eka prakAra lipikAraprazasti bhI bar3e mahattva kI hai| purAne samaya meM grantha tAr3apatra para likhA jAtA thaa| tAr3apatra ko vRkSa se lAkara bahuta zrama aura samaya se taiyAra kiyA jAtA thaa| usakI syAhI banAne kI . prakriyA bhinna hotI thii| likhane aura nakala karanevAloM kA eka varga hotA thaa| isameM aneka vidvAn , paNDita aura rAjyAdhikArI bhI hote the / kAyastha, nAgara aura kahIM jaina lekhaka bhI kAma karate the| pATana Adi ke bhaNDAroM meM tAr3apatra kI pustakeM haiN| unameM se kaI mantrI yA mantrI-putra ke hAtha kI likhI haiM to kaI daNDanAyaka aura AkSapaTalika ke hAtha kI likhii| adhikAMza jaina yati lekhanakalA meM pravINa the aura apane upayoga ke lie bahuta pustakeM likhate the| bar3ebar3e AcArya niyamita lekhana kArya cAlU rakhate the| lipikAra apane hAtha se likhe granthoM ke anta meM likhane kA samaya, sthAna, apanA nAma Adi kA ullekha pA~cadasa paMktiyoM meM kara dete the| ina lekhoM ko puSpikAlekha bhI kahate haiN| ina puSpikAlekhoM meM aneka rAjA, rAjasthAna, samaya, padavI, amAtya Adi pradhAna rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke viSaya meM tathA dUsarI aitihAsika bAtoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ___ yahA~ itihAsa nirmANa meM puSpikAlekhoM ke prayoga kA eka udAharaNa prastuta kiyA jAtA hai|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gurjaranareza siddharAja jayasiMha ke nAma ke sAtha prabandhoM tathA lekhoM meM siddhacakravartI, tribhuvanagaMDa, avantInAtha Adi viruda lage milate haiN| ye vizeSaNa kyoM lage aura inakA krama kyA hai isakI vigata granthoM meM milatI nahIM / zilAlekha aura tAmrapatra bhI ise batAne meM asamartha haiN| parantu inakA prAmANika AdhAra ina puSpikA-lekhoM meM milatA hai / ___ saM0 1157 meM likhI nizIthacUrNi pustaka' meM lipikAra ne lipibaddha karane kA samaya nirdeza karate hue 'zrIjayasiMhadevarAjye' aisA sAmAnya ullekha kiyA hai| itihAsa se hama jAnate haiM ki usa samaya jayasiMha nAbAliga thA aura usakA rAjyakArya usakI mAtA mInaladevI calAtI thii| usa samaya usake parAkrama kA prArambha na huA thaa| saM0 1164 meM likhI 'jIvasamAsavRtti kI puSpikA meM ukta nareza ko 'samastarAjAvalI virAjita mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara zrI jayasiMha deva' virudoM se yukta likhA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya vaha rAjataMtra ko svataMtratApUrvaka calA rahA thaa| saM0 1166 meM likhI 'AvazyakasUtra 3 kI puSpikA meM usa nareza ke mahArAjAdhirAja ke sAtha 'trailokyagaNDa' vizeSaNa prayukta huA hai| yaha usa rAjA ke 'barvara' nAmaka nRpa ko jItane ke parAkrama kA sUcaka hai| saMvat 1179 meM likhI 'paMcavAstuka" grantha kI puSpikA se mAlUma hotA hai ki usakA mahAmAtya zAntuka thA aura usake bAda kI usI varSa kI 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra" kI puSpikA meM jayasiMha kA viruda siddhacakravartI diyA hai aura mahAmAtya kA nAma Azuka diyA gayA hai| lagatA hai usa samaya zAntuka ne avakAza grahaNa kara liyA thaa| isI taraha gujarAta ke anya nRpoM ke itihAsa-nirmANa meM puSpikAlekhoM kA prayoga upayogI siddha huA hai| 1. jainapustakaprazastisaMgraha (siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kramAMka 18), pR0 99. 2. vahI, pR0 100. 3. vahI. 4. vahI, pR0 65. vahI, pR0 101; hamane apane grantha 'poliTikala hisTrI oNpha nordana iNDiyA' meM isa prakAra kI anya puSpikAoM kA upayoga kara itihAsa nirmANa kiyA hai|

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149 aitihAsika sAhitya paTTAvalI aura gurvAvali jisa prakAra brAhmaNoM aura upaniSadoM ke samaya meM adhyetA loga brahmA se lekara 'asmAbhiradhItam' taka ke vidyAvaMza kA smaraNa kiyA karate the usI prakAra jaina loga bhI zramaNa bhaga0 mahAvIra se prAraMbha karake unake gaNa aura gaNadharoM kI paramparA kA smaraNa karate hue kAlAntara ke AcAryoM kI guru-ziSya-paramparA ke dvAga apane vidyAvaMza kA pUrA byaurA rakhate the| isase jaina saMgha eka jIvita saMsthA banA rahA / jisa taraha zAsaka rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI calatI thI usI taraha dharmazAsaka AcAryoM kI thii|' jaina saMgha ke saMgaThana kI mUla rekhA kalpasUtra meM milatI hai| isameM prApta hone vAlI paTTAvalI' va sthavirAvalI kA samarthana mathurA ke kaMkAlI Tole se prApta pahalI-dUsarI zato ke pratimA-lekhoM se hotA hai| vahA~ kA zaktizAlI saMgha samasta uttarApatha meM prakhyAta thaa| kAlAntara meM saMgha kA eka prAntIya saMgaThana dhIre-dhIre bar3hatA gyaa| AgamoM meM dUsarI paTTAvalI nandisUtragata sthavirAvalI hai jisakI racanA AcArya devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kI thii| yaha 43 gAthAoM kI hai| isameM anuyogagharoM kI arthAt sudharmA se devarSigaNi taka kI paTTAvalI dI gaI hai| mahAvIra ke bAda jaina saMgha meM sampradAya bheda ke sambandha meM kAraNoM kA saMkalana to vibhinna granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai para isa sambandha meM IsA kI prArambhika zatA. bdiyoM ke diga0.zvetA0 sampradAyabheda ke arghaaitihAsika upAkhyAna hameM haribhadra aura zAntisUri kI TIkAoM meM milate haiM, inameM boTika mata kI utpatti dI gaI hai aura isI taraha hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza, devasena ke darzanasAra (vi0 saM0 999), dvitIya devasena ke bhAvasaMgraha tathA ratnanandi ke bhadrabAhucarita meM zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti kI kathA dI gaI hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 108-109 meM gurvAvaliyoM kI tathA pR0 232 meM paTTA- valiyoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| 2. paTTAvalI paTTadharAvalI kA saMkSipta rUpa hai| paTTa kA martha bhAsana yA sammAna kA sthAna hai| rAjAoM ke zAsana ko siMhAsana kahate haiM aura guruSoM ke bhAsana ko ptttt| isa paTTa para bhAsIna guruSoM ko paTTadhara aura unakI paramparA ko paTTAvalI kahate haiN|

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa diga0 sampradAya kI paTTAvaliyoM kA prAcIna rUpa kucha prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM tathA tiloyapaNNatti, ghaTakhaNDAgama ke vedanAkhaNDa kI dhavalA TIkA, kasAyapAhuDa kI jayadhavalA TIkA, jinasenakRta AdipurANa, dvi0 jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa, guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa evaM indranandi ke zrutAvatAra (laga0 16vIM zatI) meM milatA hai| ina sabhI meM dI huI AcAryaparamparAe~ kevalI, caturdazapUrvadhara, dazapUrvadhara, ekAdazAMgadhara Adi AcAryoM taka kI haiM / madhyakAla meM pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata meM jainAcAryoM ke vividha saMgha, gaNa, gaccha udaya hue aura unakA prAcInakAla kI paTTadharaparamparA se sambandha batalAne ke lie aneka prakAra kI zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya kI paTTAvaliyA~ aura gurvAvaliyA~ racI gii| vartamAna kAla meM ina paTTAvaliyoM ke acche khAse saMgraha prakAzita hue haiM, unameM zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM ke ullekhanIya saMgraha haiM-muni darzanavijaya dvArA sampAdita paTTAvalIsamuccaya 2 bhAga; muni jinavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita vividhagacchIya paTTAvalIsaMgraha evaM kharataragaccha bRhadgurvAvali; paM0 kalyANavijayagaNikRta paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha aura muni hastimalla dvArA saMkalita paTTAvalI prabaMdha saMgraha Adi / digambara sampradAya kI aneka paTTAvaliyA~ yathA senagaNa pahAvalI, nandisaMgha balAtkAragaNa sarasvatIgaccha paTTAvalI, mUla (nandi ) saMgha kI dUsarI paTTAvalI, zubhacandrAcArya kI paTTAvalI evaM kASThAsaMgha gurvAvali Adi jaina 1. DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara sampAdita 'bhaTTAraka sampradAya ke prArambha meM inameM se kucha kA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| 2. paTTAvaliyA~ saMskRta, prAkRta, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI evaM kannaDa bhASAoM meM likhI huI milatI haiN| 3. iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhAga 11, pR0 245-256 meM Extracts from the Historical Records of the Jains ke antargata kharataragaccha paTTAvalI (saM0 1876) meM 70 zvetA0 paTTadharoM kA tathA tapAgaccha paTTAvalI (saM0 1732) meM 61 paTTadharoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai; iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhAga 23, pR0 169-182 meM Pattavalis of the Anchala Gaccha and other Gacchas meM 7 paTTAvaliyA~ aura iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhAga 19, pR0 233-242 meM Pattarali of Upakesha Gaccha dI gaI hai|

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aitihAsika sAhitya 451 siddhAnta bhAskara ke prathama bhAga meM tathA jainahitaiSI, varSa 6, iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhAga 20-21 tathA bhaTTAraka sampradAya meM milatI haiN| ukta svatantra racanAoM ke atirikta zilAlekhoM aura tAmrapatroM ke prArambha yA anta meM bahudhA jainAcAryoM tathA dharmaguruoM kI vistIrNa paTTAvaliyA~ dI gaI haiM : jaise--jainazilAlekhasaMgraha ( DA0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita ), bhAga 1 ke zravaNabelagolA se upalabdha lekha saMkhyA 1 aura 105 tathA 42, 43, 47 aura 50 meM diga0 sampradAya ke AcAryoM kI, zatrujayatIrtha ke AdinAtha mandira ke zilAlekha (vi0 saM0 1650 ) meM tapAgaccha kI paTTAvalI aura aNahilapATana ke eka lekha (epi0 iNDikA, bhA0 1, pR0 319-324) meM kharataragaccha ke udyotanasUri se lekara jinasiMhasUri taka ke 45 AcAryoM kI paTTAvaliyA~ dI gaI haiN| pratyeka saMgha-gaNa aura gaccha kI paTTAvalI meM bhaga0 mahAvIra se lekara Aja taka jaina paTTadhara AcAryoM kI zrRMkhalAbaddha paramparA surakSita hai aura guru-ziSya paramparA ke rUpa meM ullekha karate hue jaina saMgha ke AcAryoM ke yazasvI kAryoM kA vivaraNa gumphita kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ hama kucha paTTAvaliyoM yA gurvAvaliyoM kA paricaya dete haiN| vicArazreNI yA sthavirAvalI : isameM paTTadhara AcAryoM kI paramparA ke sAtha kucha prAcIna narezoM kI paramparAgata tithiyoM sahita sUcI dI gaI hai jo itihAsa kI dRSTi se bar3I mahattvapUrNa siddha huI hai| yaha 'jaM rayaNiM' se prArambha honevAlI kucha prAkRta gAthAoM kI vRtti ke rUpa meM saMskRta gadya meM likhI gaI racanA hai| isameM bhaga0 mahAvIra aura vikramAditya ke bIca 470 varSa kA antara batalAyA gayA hai| isameM prasiddha 1. bhAga 20, pR0 341 meM Two Pattavalis of the Saraswati Gaccha of Digambara Jains aura bhAga 21, pR0 57 meM Three further Pattavalis of Digambaras. jinaratnakoza, pR0 352; jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaNDa 2, aMka 3-4, san 1925; isakA saMkSipta vivaraNa jarnala oNpha di bombe brAMca maoNpha royala eziyATika sosAiTI, bhAga 9, pR0 147 meM diyA gayA hai| lekhaka ne apane grantha Political History of Northern India from Jain Sources meM usakA acchA upayoga kiyA hai|

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452 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AcArya kAlaka tathA jinabhadra evaM haribhadra kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| isase gujarAta ke aneka rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla kI sUcanA milatI hai| isakI racanA prasiddha grantha prabandhacintAmaNi ke racayitA merutuMga ne kI hai| gaNadharasArdhazataka : isameM 150 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM kA jIvanavRtta varNita hai| isakI racanA jinavallabhari ke ziSya jinadattasUri (vi0 saM0 1211 se pUrva) ne kI thii| isameM likhA hai ki vardhamAnasUri ke ziSya aura paTTadhara jinezvarasUri ko kharatara kI upAdhi dI gaI thI isalie gaccha kA nAma kharatara ho gayA / ___isa para jinapatisUri ke ziSya sumatigaNi ne saM0 1295 meM 6000 granthAnapramANa vRtti likhI hai / mUla aura vRtti donoM ko paTTAvalI bhI kahA jAtA hai| ina donoM para sarvarAjagaNi kI TIkA aura padmamandiragaNikRta (saM0 1646 ) vRtti bhI milatI hai| kharataragaccha-bRhadgurvAvali yaha 4000 zloka-pramANa grantha hai| isameM vi0 11vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM honevAle AcArya vardhamAnasUri se lekara 14vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM honevAle jinapadmasUri taka ke kharataragaccha ke mukhya AcAryoM kA vistRta carita varNita hai| gurvAvali arthAt guruparamparA kA itanA vistRta aura vizvasta carita varNana karanevAlA aisA koI aura grantha abhI taka zAta nahIM huaa| isameM pratyeka AcArya kA jIvanacaritra bar3e vistAra se diyA gayA hai| kisa AcArya ne kaba dIcA lI, kaba AcArya padavI prApta kI, kisa-kisa pradeza meM vihAra kiyA, kahA~-kahA~ cAturmAsa kiye, kisa-kisa jagaha kaisA dharmapracAra kiyA, kitane ziSya-ziSyAe~ dIkSita kiye, kahA~ para kisa vidvAn ke sAtha zAstrArtha yA vAdavivAda kiyA, kisa rAjA kI sabhA meM kaisA sammAna Adi prApta kiyA ityAdi aneka Avazyaka bAtoM kA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 103 aura 232 (v-vi); hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAma nagara, 1916; gAyakavAr3a moriyaNTala sirIja, bhAga 27 ke pariziSTa meM bhI prakAzita. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 101, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, granyAMka 42, bambaI, vi0 saM0 2013.

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aitihAsika sAhitya pa isa grantha meM bar3I vizada rIti se varNana kiyA gayA hai| gujarAta, mevAr3a, mAravAr3a, siMgha, bAgaDa, paMjAba aura bihAra Adi aneka dezoM, aneka gA~voM meM rahanevAle saikar3oM dharmiSTha aura ghanika zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke kuTumboM kA aura vyaktiyoM kA nAmollekha milatA hai, sAtha hI unhoMne kahA~ para kaise pUjA-pratiSThA evaM saMghotsava Adi dharmakArya kiye, isakA nizcita vidhAna milatA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha grantha apane DhaMga kI eka anokhI kRti hai / isameM rAjasthAna ke aneka rAjavaMzoM se sambaddha itihAsa - sAmagrI, rAjakIya halacaleM evaM upadrava tathA bhaugolika bAteM dI gaI haiM / ' racayitA - prastuta gurvAvali meM saM0 1305 ASAr3ha zu0 10 taka kA vRttAnta to zrI jinapatisUri ke vidvAn ziSya zrI jinapAlopAdhyAya ne dillI nivAsI seTha sAhujI ke putra hemacandra kI abhyarthanA para saMkalita kiyA thaa| isake pazcAt kA varNana bhI paTTadhara AcAryoM ke sAtha meM rahanevAle vidvAn muniyoM dvArA likhA gayA pratIta hotA hai / isakI eka prati 86 patra kI hai aura 15 - 16vIM zatI meM likhI huI bIkAnera ke kSamAkalyANa jJAnabhaNDAra meM vidyamAna hai / isameM saM0 1393 taka kA itihAsa varNita hai / ' vRddhAcArya-prabaMdhAvali : gurvAvali ke rUpa meM yaha kRti prAkRta bhASA meM prathita hai / isameM vardhamAnasUri se lekara jinaprabhasUri taka ke 10 AcAyoM kA varNana diyA gayA hai / jinaprabhasUri vividhatIrthakalpa Adi aneka granthoM ke praNetA haiM / ve apane samaya meM bahuta prabhAvazAlI evaM pratibhAsampanna AcArya hue the| inakA sammAna dillI kA bAdazAha muhammada tugalaka karatA thA, yaha kaI paTTAvaliyoM evaM prabandhAtmaka kRtiyoM 1. siMghI jaina granthamAlA se prakAzita ukta grantha kI bhUmikA ke pR0 6-12 meM isa gurvAvali ke aitihAsika mahattva ko batalAnevAlA zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA lekha prakAzita hai / 2. isake pazcAt itihAsa jAnane ke lie hameM koI bhI isa koTi kI gurvAvali upalabdha nahIM hai parantu zrRMkhalAbaddha itihAsa likhane kI prathA pIche barAbara rahI hai| saM0 1860 kI eka sUcI ke anusAra jaisalamera ke suprasiddha jaina jJAnabhaNDAra meM usa samaya 312 patroM kI eka gurvAvali vidyamAna thI / siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 42, pR0 89-96.

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454 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa se mAlUma hotA hai / para jinaprabhasUri kA nAma mAtra bhI uparinirdiSTa kharataragacchagurvAvali meM nahIM diyA gyaa| isase jJAta hotA hai ki ukta gurvAvali ke saMkalanakartA kA mukhya uddezya apanI guruparamparA mAtra kA mahattva aMkita karanA thA aura anya gacchIya yA anya zAkhIya AcAryoM ke bAre meM upekSA bhAva rkhnaa| isa prabandhAvali kA praNayana jinaprabhasUri kI ziSya-paramparA ke kisI ziSya ne kiyA hai| kharataragaccha-paTTAvalI-saMgraha : yaha cAra paTTAvaliyoM kA saMgraha hai jise muni jinavijaya jI ne saMgraha evaM sampAdita kara prakAzita karAyA thaa| inameM prathama eka prazasti ke rUpa meM hai| isameM kula saMskRta padya 110 haiM aura yaha AcArya jinahaMsasUri ke samaya meM racI gaI hai para kartA kA nAma nahIM diyA gyaa| jinahaMsa kA samaya vi0 1582 hai aura usI varSa isakA nirmANa huA hai| isameM kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM kA samaya vyavasthita diyA gayA hai| dUsarI paTTAvalI saMskRta gadya meM hai| isakI racanA saM0 1674 meM kI gaI thii| isakA tithikrama avyavasthita hai| tIsarI paTTAvalI bhI avyavasthita hai| isakI paTTaparamparA tathA tithikrama saba avyavasthita hI hai| cauthI paTTAvalI saM0 1830 meM amRtadharma ke ziSya upAdhyAya kSamAkalyANa ne racI thI / yaha prathama tIna paTTAvaliyoM se bahuta-kucha milatI-julatI hai / kharataragaccha kI aneka hastalikhita paTTAvaliyoM kA paricaya paM0 kalyANavijayagaNi sampAdita paTTAvaliparAgasaMgraha meM tathA maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha meM 23 paTTAvaliyoM aura gurvAvaliyoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 101 pUraNacandrajI nAhara dvArA kalakattA se san 1932 meM prakAzita. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 1.1. 3. ka0 vi0 zAstrasaMgraha samiti, jAlaura. 1. dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 31-32.

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aitihAsika sAhitya 455 gurvAvali munisundarasUri ne saM0 1466 meM eka vijJaptigrantha apane guru devasundarasUri kI sevA meM samarpita kiyA thA, usakA nAma tridazataraMgiNI' thaa| isa vijJaptipatra kA saMskRta sAhitya aura itihAsa meM sabase adhika mahattva hai| isa jaisA vizAla aura praur3ha patra kisI ne nahIM likhaa| yaha 108 hAtha lambA thA aura isameM eka se eka vicitra aura anupama saikar3oM citra the tathA hajAroM kAvya (padya) dikhAI par3ate the| isameM 3 stotra aura 61 taraMga the| vartamAna meM yaha samagra nahIM miltaa| kevala tIsare stotra kA gurvAvali nAma kA eka vibhAga aura prAsAdAdi citrabaMdha aneka stotra yahA~-vahA~ phaile milate haiN| isa gurvAvali meM 496 vividha chandoM ke padya haiN| isameM zramaNa bhaga0 mahAvIra se lekara lekhaka paryanta tapAgaccha ke AcAryoM kA saMkSipta evaM vizvasta itihAsa diyA gayA hai| gurvAvali yA tapAgaccha-paTTAvalIsUtra : ise ukta do nAmoM ke atirikta kevala paTTAvalI nAma se bhI kahate haiN| yaha 21 prAkRta padyoM kI gurvAvali hai jo prAcIna paTTAvaliyoM ke AdhAra para bar3I sAvadhAnI se banAI gaI hai| isameM bhaga0 mahAvIra se lekara tapAgaccha ke AcArya hIravijayajI aura unake ziSya vijayasenasUri taka 59 AcAryoM kI paTTadhara paramparA dI gaI hai| isake racayitA dharmasogaragaNi hai| isa para eka svopajJa vRtti bhI hai jisake anta meM likhA hai ki yaha paTTAvalI zrI vijayahIrasUrIzvara ke Adeza se upAdhyAya zrI vimalahaSagaNi, upAdhyAya kalyANavijayagaNi, somavijayagaNi, paM0 labdhisAgaragaNi pramukha gItArthoM ne ekatra hokara saM0 1648 ke caitra vadi 6 zukravAra ko ahamadAbAda nagara meM zrI munisundarakRta gurvAvali, jIrNa paTTAvalI, duSSamAsaMgha stotrayaMtraka Adi ke AdhAra se saMzodhita kI hai| 1. jinararanakoza, pR0 109; yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, saM0 1961. 2. zrImahAparvAdhirAjazrIparyuSaNAparvavijJaptitridazataraGgiNyAM tRtIye zrIguruvarNana srotasi gurvAvalinAmni mahAhRde'nabhivyaktagaNanA ekaSaSTistaraMgAH / 3. jinarasnakoza, pR0 108 paTTAvalIsamuccaya (dhIramagAma, 1993), bhA0 1, pR0 11-77; pahAvalIparAgasaMgraha (jAlaura, 1961), pR0 113-155.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa tapAgaccha kI mukhya zAkhA aura prazAkhAoM kI aneka paTTA valiyA~ yathAupAdhyAya guNavijayagaNikRta tapAgaNayatiguNapaddhati. upAdhyAya meghavijayakRta tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, upAdhyAya ravivardhanakRta paTTAvalIsAroddhAra, naya sundarakRta bRhat zAlika paTTAvalI ( prAkRta ), laghu- pauSadhazAlika paTTAvalI, tapAgacchasAgarazAkhA-paTTAvalI 1-2-3, vijaya saMvignazAkhA - paTTAvalI, sAgarasaMvignazAkhA, vimalasaMvignazAkhA, pArzvacandragaccha paTTAvalI 1-2, bRhadgaccha gurvAvalI, ukezagacchIya-paTTAvalI, paurNamikagaccha-paTTAvalI, aMcalagaccha-paTTAvalI, pallivAla - gacchIya paTTAvalI Adi paTTAvalIparAgasaMgraha meM paM0 kalyANavijayagaNi ne saMkalita kI haiN| unakA vaiziSTya evaM mahattva ukta grantha meM hI draSTavya hai / digambara sampradAya kI kucha paTTAvaliyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : senapaTTAvalI : senagaNa kI do paTTAvaliyA~ milatI haiN| pahalI' saMskRta ke 47 padyoM meM hai jo bhaTTAraka lakSmIsena ( saM0 1580 ke lagabhaga ) taka hai / 456 - dUsarI saMskRta gadya meM likhI gaI lagabhaga 50 anucchedoM kI racanA hai ' jisameM senagaNa ke 47 veM paTTadhara dillI siMhAsana ke adhIzvara chatrasena bhaTTAraka kI guruparamparA kA varNana hai / gaNanA ke anusAra chatrasena senagaNa ke 47ve bhaTTAraka the jinakA samaya saM0 1754 thA / donoM paTTAvaliyoM meM ullikhita AcAryoM meM somasena se kucha aitihAsika svarUpa dikhAI detA hai / isake pahale bhI 26 bhaTTArakoM kA varNana AyA hai| bhaTTAraka chatrasena kA prabhAva kAraMjA se milatI haiM / dUsarI paTTAvalI meM samAgata antima dillI taka thaa| inakI kaI kRtiyA~ bhI balAtkAragaNa ko paTTAvaliyA~ : balAtkAragaNa aura usakI vibhinna zAkhAoM kA paricaya bhaTTAraka sampradAya meM vyavasthita rUpa se diyA gayA hai| isakI IDara zAkhA kI do paTTAvaliyA~ 1. jaina eNTIkverI, bhAga 13, aMka 2, pR0 1-7, 2. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, varSa 1, pR0 38; isase kucha bhinna aura adhika acchI prati zrI mA0 sa0 mahAjana, nAgapura ke saMgraha meM hai / vizeSa vivecana ke lie dekheM - DA0 vi0 joharApurakara sampAdita bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 26-38.

Page #470
aitihAsika sAhitya 457 prakAza meM AI haiM / pahalI saMskRta gadya meM hai|' isameM bhaTTAraka padmanandi, sakalakIrti, bhuvanakIrti, jJAnabhUSaNa, vijayakIrti, zubhacandra ( pANDava purANAdi anekoM anyoM ke racayitA ), sumatikIrti, guNakIrti evaM vAdibhUSaNa taka kI paramparA dI gaI hai tathA una bhaTTArakoM kI mahimA, granthakartRtva Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vAdibhUSaNa kA samaya saM0 1652 ke Asa-pAsa hai| ukta paTTAvalI ke aneka bhaTTAraka acche granthakartA the| IDara zAkhA kI dUsarI paTTAvalI (gurvAvali) saMskRta chandoM meM hai jinakI saMkhyA 63 hai| isameM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti se lekara candrakIrti (saM. 1832) taka kI paramparA dI gaI hai| yaha gurvAvali bar3e mahatva kI hai| isameM guptigupta se lekara abhayakIrti taka lagabhaga 100 AcAryoM kA nAma diyA hai jo vanavAsI the aura jinheM balAtkAragaNa kI prAcIna paramparA se jor3A gayA hai (1-21 padya tk)| tatpazcAt uttara bhArata ke bhaTTArakapIThoM kI paramparA vasantakIrti se prArambha kI gaI hai (padya 21) / vasantakIrti ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki ye hI diga0 muniyoM ke vastradhAraNa ke pravartaka the / inakI jAti bagheravAla aura nivAsasthAna ajamera thaa| ye maM0 1264 kI mAgha zu0 5 ko padArUr3ha hue the tathA 1 varSa 4 mAsa vaTTa para the / inakA ullekha bijauliyA ke zilAlekha meM bhI huA hai| vasantakIrti ke bAda kramazaH vizAlakIrti, zubhakIrti, dharmacandra, ratnakIrti, prabhAcandra (74 varSa taka paTTAdhIza ), padmanandi hue| bhaTTA0 padmanandi ke tIna pramukha ziSyoM dvArA tIna bhaTTArakaparamparAe~ prArambha huI jinakA Age aneka prazAkhAoM meM vistAra huaa| inameM se IDarazAkhA ke sakalakIrti aura unakI bhaTTaparamparA kA varNana prastuta gurvAvali ke padya 32 se 62 taka meM vistAra se diyA gayA hai / zubhacandra se calanevAlI dillI-jayapura-zAkhA kA varNana dUsarI gurvAvali meM diyA gayA hai tathA devendrakIrti se calanevAlI paramparA sUratazAkhA kI anya paTTAvalI meM draSTavya hai| 1. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, varSa , kiraNa 4, pR0 46 prabhRti vizeSa vivecana ke lie dekheM-bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 153.15.1. 2. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, varSa 1, kiraNa 1, pR0 5 / prabhRti; bhahAraka sampradAya, pR0 153-158. 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 190.

Page #471
458 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa balAtkAragaNa-dillI-jayapura-zAkhA kI eka paTTAvalI' 42 padyoM kI milatI hai| yaha paTTAvalI IDarazAkhA kI ukta 63 padyoM kI gurvAvali meM kucha hera-phera kara banAI gaI hai| isake 26, 27 aura 283 padya ukta gurvAvali ke kramazaH 27, 29 aura 30veM padya haiN| padya 29veM meM ukta zAkhA ke zubhacandra (saM0 1450-1507) bhaTTAraka kA varNana hai| isake bAda ukta zAkhA ke jinacandra, prabhAcandra, candrakIrti, devendrakIrti evaM narendrakIrti kA varNana kara yaha paTTAvalI samApta hotI hai| inameM bhaTTA0 jinacandra ati prasiddha haiN| unake dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ sabase adhika haiN| pratiSThAkartA seTha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla ke prayatnoM se ye hajAroM mUrtiyA~ bhArata ke kone-kone meM pahu~cI haiN| inakI pratiSThA saM0 1548 akSayatRtIyA ko huI thii| balAtkAragaNa-bhAnupura-zAkhA tathA surata-zAkhA kI paTTAvaliyA~ bhI saMskRta bhASA meM racita milI haiN| pahalI saMskRta ke 55.56 padyoM meM hai| isa zAkhA kA prArambha bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke praziSya bhaTTA0 jJAnakIrti se hotA hai| prastuta paTTAvalI ke 34 padyoM taka prAcIna paramparA kA varNana kara isa zAkhA ke paTTadharoM kA varNana padya 35 se kiyA hai| isameM jJAnakIrti (saM0 1534 ) se lekara bhaTTAraka ratnacandra (saM0 1774-86 ) taka kI paramparA dI gaI hai| sUratazAkhA kI paTTAvalI saMskRta gadya meM hai aura isameM bhI pUrvAcAryoM se sambandha jor3ate hue bhaTTAraka padmanandi ke ziSya devendrakIrti (saM0 1493 ) se calanevAlI ukta zAkhA kA vistAra se varNana hai jise ukta zAkhA ke bhaTTA vidyAnandi (saM0 1805-1822) ke ziSya devendrakIrti (saM0 1842) taka lAkara samApta kiyA gayA hai| ise nandisaMgha-virudAvalI bhI kahA gayA hai| isakI racanA devendrakIrti (dvi0) ke ziSya sumatikIrti ne kI hai| 1. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga ., kiraNa 1, pR. 81; isa pahAvalI ke pramANa meM katipaya zilAlekha diye gaye haiN| vizeSa vivecana ke lie dekheM bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 97-113. 2. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 9, pR0 108-119, bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR. 159-168. 3. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 9, pR0 46-53; bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 169-201.

Page #472
aitihAsika sAhitya 459 balAtkAragaNa kI eka prAkRta bhASA meM bhI paTTAvalI milatI hai jise nandisaMgha-balAtkAragaNa-sarasvatIgaccha kI paTTAvalI kahA jAtA hai / kASThAsaMgha-mAthuragaccha-paTTAvalI: yaha 53 saMskRta padyoM kI paTTAvalI hai jisake 21 padyoM meM kASThAsaMgha ke prAcIna paTTadharoM kA nAmAMkana kara madhyakAlIna mAthuragaccha kI mAdhavasena (13vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha) se prArambha honevAlI paramparA kA padya saMkhyA 22 se vistAra. pUrvaka varNana kiyA gaya hai jo antima paTTadhara munIndrakIrti (saM0 1952) taka jAkara samApta huA hai| isake racayitA kA nAma ajJAta hai| yaha eka acchI kAvyAtmaka kRti hai| kASThAsaMgha-lADabAgaDa-punnATagaccha-paTTAvalI : yaha saMskRta gadyAtmaka kRti hai| isameM ullikhita AcAryoM meM mahendrasena ( 12 zatA0 kA uttarArdha) pahale aitihAsika vyakti pratIta hote haiN| inhoMne triSaSTipuruSacaritra likhA thA aura mevAr3a meM kSetrapAla ko upadeza dekara camatkAra darzAyA thaa| inake pahale aMgazAnI AcAryoM ke bAda krama se vinayadhara se lekara kezavasena taka 16 AcAryoM kA ullekha hai tathA mahendrasena kI paramparA ke tribhuvanakIrti (16vIM zatI) taka kA varNana hai| tIrthamAlAe~: bhAratIya anya dharmoM kI bhAMti jainoM ke bhI apane tIrtha haiM jo uttara se dakSiNa taka aura pUrva se pazcima taka phaile hue haiN| unake darzana vandana ke lie prAcIna samaya se hI jaina saMghapati aura munigaNa samArohapUrvaka lambI-lambI yAtrAe~ karate the aura unakI yAtrAoM kA vivaraNa tathA tIrthoM kA paricaya likha DAlate the| ina yAtrAoM aura tIrthoM kA paricaya bar3e-bar3e purANa evaM caritAtmaka 1. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 1, pR0 103.107; bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0. 213-247. 2. zrI mA0 sa0 mahAjana, nAgapura ke saMgraha meM; bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 248. 26.. 1. premI abhinandana grantha meM 'jaina sAhitya kA bhaugolika mahatva' ke lekhaka zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne tIrthamAlA-viSayaka prakAzita sAmagrI kA paricaya diyA hai|

Page #473
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa granthoM meM bhI vistAra se diyA gayA hai / isa bAta kA ullekha hama vividha prasaMgoM meM kara Aye haiN| ina para svataMtra racanAe~ bhI likhI gaI haiN| isa viSaya kA sabase prAcIna grantha hameM dhanezvarasUri kA 'zatrujayamAhAtmya' (13vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha) milA hai| isakA paricaya tIrtha-mAhAtmya-viSayaka kathAoM meM hama de Aye haiN| digambara sampradAya ke lekhakoM ne bhI 13vIM zatI meM kucha tIrthamAlAoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| unameM prathama ullekhanIya choTI-choTI do bhaktiyA~ haiM : pahalI prAkRta nirvANabhakti yA nirvANakANDa aura dUsarI saMskRta nirvANabhakti / ' prAkRta nirvANabhakti yA nirvANakANDa meM caubIsa tIrthakara evaM anya RSimuniyoM ke nirvANasthAnoM kA nirdeza kara vahA~ se mukti pAnevAloM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| nirvANakANDa meM kevala 19 gAthAe~ milatI haiN| isakI aneka pratiyA~ milatI haiM, unameM gAthAoM kI saMkhyA eka-sI nahIM hai| kahIM-kahIM gar3abar3a bhI hai / nirvANakANDa ke anta meM kahIM-kahIM ATha gAthAe~ aura bhI likhI milatI haiM 'aisayakhettakaNDa' (atizayakSetrakANDa ) nAma se| parantu lagatA hai ki vaha judA hI hai / bhASAkAra paM0 bhagavatIdAsa ne ina ATha gAthAoM kA anuvAda hI nahIM kiyA hai| dUsarI saMskRta nirvANabhakti meM 32 padya haiN| isake pahale 20 padyoM meM kevala mahAvIra ke pA~coM kalyANoM kA varNana hai aura phira Age ke 12 padyoM meM kailAsa, campApura, giranAra, pAvApura, sammedazikhara, zatrujaya kA ullekha mAtra karake anya nirvANasthAnoM ke nAma mAtra de diye haiN| pahale ke 20 padyoM ko par3hakara to mAlUma hotA hai ki ve eka svatantra stotra ke padya haiM jinake anta meM usake par3hanevAloM ko naraloka-devaloka ke sukha bhogakara mokSapada prApta honA batalAyA hai| donoM bhaktiyA~ svatantra racanAe~ haiM / prAkRta nirvANakANDa meM pazcima bhArata ke kucha aise tIrthoM ke nAma haiM jo saMskRta nirvANabhakti meM nahIM haiM aura usameM varNita kucha tIrthoM ke nAma prAkRta nirvANakANDa meM nahIM haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki donoM bhaktiyA~ vibhinna kAloM kI racanAe~ haiM aura sambhava hai ki inake kartA eka. -dUsare kI racanA se aparicita rahe hoN| prAkRta nirvANakANDa meM varNita kaI tIrthoM se mokSagamana karanevAle mahApuruSoM kA samarthana yA to prAcIna zAstroM se nahIM hotA yA viparIta baiThatA hai| yathA 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 422-523.

Page #474
aitihAsika sAhitya 461 tAraura ( tArApura ) se varAMgAdi kA mokSa jAnA likhA hai para varAMgacarita ke anusAra ve mukta nahIM hue, sarvArthasiddhi ko gaye haiM / gAthA 8 meM tuMgIgiri se rAma, hanumAn Adi kA mokSa jAnA likhA hai para uttarapurANa ke anusAra ye saba sammeda zikhara se mokSa gaye haiM / prabhAcandra ( 12vIM zatI) ke kriyAkalApa meM saMskRta nirvANabhakti saMgRhIta hai, prAkRta nirvANabhakti yA nirvANakANDa kA saMgraha nahIM hai / prabhAcandra ke kathanAnusAra saMskRta bhaktiyA~ pAdapUjya ( 1 ) svAmIkRta haiN| para ye pAdapUjya yA pUjyapAda kauna haiM ? likhA nahIM / anya srotoM se bhI ukta lekhaka dvArA racita hone kI puSTi nahIM hotI / paM0 AzAghara ( 13vIM zatI) ke kriyAkalApa meM prabhAcandra ke kriyAkalApa kI adhikAMza bhaktiyA~ saMgRhIta haiM para unhoMne unake kartAoM ke sambandha meM koI bAta nahIM likhI / AzAdhara ke kriyAkalApa meM prAkRtaH nirvANabhakti kI kevala pA~ca hI gAthAe~ dI gaI haiN| zeSa gAthAe~ usameM chUTI huI sI lagatI haiN| yadyapi ina donoM bhaktiyoM ke race jAne kA ThIka samaya aba taka nahIM mAlUma phira bhI itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki ye donoM kavi AzAghara se pahale ke arthAt lagabhaga 6 - 63 sau varSa pahale ke nizcita haiM / 13vIM zatI meM vividha tIrthoM kI paricAyikA eka anya kRti 'zAsanacatustrizikA " milatI hai jisameM 26 tIrthasthAnoM aura unakI prabhAvazAlI jaina pratimAoM kA varNana milatA hai / isameM kula 36 padya haiM jo anuSTubh mAna se 84 zloka jitane haiM / pahalA paya anuSTubh hai aura antima prazastipadya mAlinI chanda meM hai / zeSa padya viSayavastu ke pratipAdaka zArdUlavikrIDita chanda meM haiN| sabhI zArdUlavikrIDita chandoM ke antima caraNa kA dvitIyArdha 'digvAsasAM zAsanam' se samApta hotA hai / isake racayitA apane samaya ke prasiddha AcArya madanakIrti haiM jo diga0 vizAlakIrti ke ziSya the / rAjazekharasUri ne apane saM0 1405 meM racita prabandhakoza meM inake jIvana para 'madanakIrtiprabandha' nAmaka eka prabandha likhA hai / madanakIrti kI upAdhi 'mahAprAmANika - cUr3AmaNi' bhI thii| isakI racanA dhArAnagarI meM kI gaI thI / lekhaka kavi paM0 AzAghara ke samakAlIna the / yaha kRti aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattva kI hai| isameM paramAranareza 1. paM0 darabArIlAla nyAyAcArya dvArA sampAdita evaM vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA se san 1949 meM prakAzita; candAbAI abhinandana grantha, pR0 403-405.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa -462 jaitugideva ke samaya mAlavA meM hue muslima AkramaNa kA ullekha milatA hai - ( mlecchaiH pratApAgataiH ) / tIrthamAlA-sambandhI anya racanAoM meM jinaprabhasUrikRta vividhatIrthakalpa, aMcalagacchIya mahendrasUri ( saM0 1444 ) kRta tIrthamAlAprakaraNa, dharmaghoSa ke ziSya mahendrasUrikRta titthamAlAthavaNa ( tIrthamAlAstavana ) evaM dharmaghoSakRta tIrthamAlAstavana kA saMkSipta paricaya isa bRhad itihAsa ke caturtha bhAga meM diyA gayA hai / gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI Adi bhASAoM meM tIrthayAtrAoM ke vivaraNa prastuta karanevAle kaI grantha likhe gaye haiM / vijayadharmasUri ne prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha prakAzita karAyA hai / vi0 saM0 1746 meM zIlavijaya dvArA racita tIrthamAlA aura bra0 jJAnasAgarakRta tIrthAvalI bhI ullekhanIya hai / bhAratIya bhUgola' ke anusandhAna meM ina tIrthamAlAoM se purANagata tIrthamAhAtmyoM kI taraha bahuta sahAyatA mila sakatI hai / vijJaptipatra : varSAkAla meM zvetAmbara jaina paryuSaNa parva ke antima dina sAMvatsarika parva manAte haiM, usa dina paraspara kSamAyAcanA evaM kSamAdAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa avasara para dUravartI gurujanoM ko jo kSamApatra bheje jAte the, unheM khamApaNA yA. vijJapti - patra kahate haiN| gujarAta meM ise TIpaNA kahate haiM / zvetA0 sampradAya ke eka varga ke AcArya zrI pUjya kahalAte haiM / unhoMne isa prakAra ke patralekhana kA vizeSa vikAsa kiyA / pahale ye patra khamApaNA ke lie likhe jAte the para pIche sthAnIya jaina saMgha, jise dharmaprabhAvanA ke lie kisI AcArya yA muni ko agale varSa cAturmAsa karAne kI utkaNThA hotI thI, unheM Amantrita karane ke lie prArthanApUrNa nimantraNa patra yA vinantipatra ke rUpa meM vijJapti-patra kA upayoga karane lagA / aise vijJapti - patroM kA udgamasthAna gujarAta- kAThiyAvAr3a thA para dhIre-dhIre rAjasthAna se baMgAla taka ke kSetra meM inakA prasAra ho gayA / pahale ye moTe kAgaja para likhe jAte the jo 10 yA 12 iJca caur3A hotA thA para pIche to itane lambe hone lage ki unameM se eka vi0 saM0 1466 kA 108 hAtha kA milA hai| isI taraha saM0 1896 kA bIkAnera se zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA etadviSayaka lekha dekheM /

Page #476
aitihAsika sAhitya 463 97 phuTa lambA aura 11 iJca caur3A milA hai / ina lambe vijJapti-patroM meM citrakArI ko bharapUra sthAna diyA gayA hai| preSaNa-sthAna kA citramaya pradarzana kiyA gayA hai / bIkAnera se prApta ukta patra ke 55 phura meM bIkAnera ke mukhya bAjAra aura darzanIya sthAnoM kA vAstavika aura kalApUrNa citraNa hai| ina patroM meM jaina saMgha ke sadasyoM kA paricaya, kSetrIya bhaugolika varNana evaM kabhI kabhI itihAsaviSayaka ghaTanAe~ bhI A gaI haiN| AgarA jaina saMgha kI ora se yugapradhAna vijayasenasUri ke pAsa pATana meM bheje gaye eka vijJaptipatra meM mugala samrATa jahAMgIra dvArA saM0 1610 meM AgarA jaina samAja ko pharamAna diye jAne kI ghaTanA aMkita hai / usameM jahAMgIra, zAhajAdA khurrama tathA rAjA rAmadAsa ke bhI citra haiN| citrakAra prasiddha zAlivAhana hai jo jahAMgIrI darabAra ke kuzala citeroM meM se hai| usameM Agare kI tatkAlIna janatA kA bhI aMkana hai| isI taraha mer3atA se vIramapura bheje gaye 32 phuTa lambe vijJaptipatra meM 17 phuTa meM nAnA prakAra kI citrakArI dI gaI hai| __ye vijJaptipatra' kucha to saMskRta meM aura adhikAMza saMskRtamizrita sthAnIya bhASA meM likhe milate haiN| ye gadya aura padya donoM meM milate haiN| saMskRta meM likhe gaye kaI vijJaptipatra prathama zreNI ke AlaMkArika kAvyoM ke namUne haiN| inameM kaI khaNDakAvya va dUtakAvya ke acche udAharaNa haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne data. kAvya kA upayoga isa prakAra ke patroM ke likhane meM bhI kiyA hai| isa prakAra 1. aneka vijJaptipatroM kA paricaya zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne diyA hai| isa viSaya meM unake nimnAMkita lekha paThanIya haiM : 1. paune chaH sau varSa prAcIna vijJaptipatra, vikAsa, ..; vIra, 25. 10-12. 2. bIkAnera kA sacitra vijJaptipatra, rAjasthAna bhAratI, 1.4;vIra, 24.48. 3. bIkAnera kA eka prAcIna sacitra vijJaptilekha, rAjasthAna bhAratI, 4. jayapurI kalama kA eka vijJaptilekha, bhavantikA, 1.10. 5. udaya' kA sacitra vijJaptipatra, nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, 57. 2-3; jaina sandeza, 17. 18. 6. udayapura kA eka aura vijJaptipatra, zodhapatrikA, 4. 3. 7. upA0 meghavijaya ke cAra vijJaptilekha, jaina satyaprakAza, 13. .. 1. bIkAnera jaina lekhasaMgraha kI bhUmikA, pR0 87-94. *

Page #477
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kI kRtiyoM meM vinayavijayakRta indudUta', vijayAmRtasUrikRta mayUradUta, meghavijayakRta metradUta - samasyAlekha' tathA cetodUta' haiM / katipaya vijJaptiyoM kA yahA~ saMkSipta paricaya prastuta karate haiM : saMskRta kAvya ke rUpa meM sabase prAcIna vijJaptipatra' saM0 1466 kA milA hai jo 108 hAtha lambA thA / isakA dUsarA nAma 'tridazataraMgiNI' hai / yaha munisundarasUri ne apane guru devasundarasUri ke lie likhA thaa| isake eka bhAga meM tapAgaccha kI gurvAvali bhI thii| isakA varNana hama pahale kara Aye haiM / 464 'vijJapti triveNI" nAmaka eka vijJaptipatra saM0 1484 meM jayasAgaragaNi ne likhA / isameM sindhudeza ke mallivAhanapura se kavi ne aNahilapura meM rahanevAle apane guru kharataragacchanAyaka jinabhadrasUri ke lie vijJaptirUpa meM eka patra likhA jisameM unhoMne apane tIrthapravAsAdi kA varNana kiyA hai / yaha sundara kAvya hai / granthakartA jayasAgaragaNi pRthvIcandracaritra ( saM0 1503 ), pArzvajinAlayaprazasti (saM0 1473), parvaratnAvalI Adi anekoM granthoM ke racayitA haiM / inake dIkSAguru jinarAja, vidyAguru jinavardhana evaM upAdhyAya jinabhadrasUri the / saM0 1660 ke lagabhaga tapA0 Anandavijaya ke ziSya meruvijayakRta saMskRta meM eka vijJasipatrI kA ullekha milatA hai / ' isake bAda saMskRta kAvyarUpa meM vinayavijayakRta tIna vijJaptipatra milate haiM / " pahalA indudUta hai jo kAlidAsa ke meghadUta kI zailI para likhA gayA hai / ise vinayavijaya ne jodhapura se apane sUrata nagara meM virAjamAna guru vijayaprabhasUri ke 1. kAvyamAlA, 14, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI. jaina grantha prakAzaka sabhA, ahamadAbAda, saM0 2000. 2 2. 3. jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, saMkhyA 24. 4. vahI, saMkhyA 25. 5. muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita vijJaptitriveNI, pR0 30 Adi. 6. jinaratnakoza, pR0355; jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1916. 9. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 474-75. 8. jinaratnakoza, pR0 655. 9. kAvyamAlA, 14, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI.

Page #478
aitihAsika sAhitya lie likhA hai / isameM jodhapura, jAlora, sirohI, AbU, siddhapura, ahamadAbAda, bar3audA, bhar3auca aura sUrata kA varNana hai / isakA vizeSa paricaya hama dUtakAvyoM ke prasaMga meM deNge| vinayavijayakRta dUsarA vijJaptipatra saM0 1694 meM likhA gayA thA jise ahamadAbAda ke samIpa bArejA grAma meM virAjate hue unhoMne khambhAta meM virAjate hue apane guru vijayAnandasUri ke lie likhA thA / tIsarA vijJaptipatra vinayavijaya dvArA devapana ( prabhAsapATana ) se aNahilapurapATana meM sthita vijayadevasUri ko bhejA gayA thA / isakI racanA adbhuta hai / isake padyoM kA ardhAza prAkRta meM aura ardhAza saMskRta meM racA gayA hai / ' vinayavijaya hIravijaya ke ziSya kIrtivijaya ke ziSya the| inake viracita nayakarNikA, SaTtriMzat jalpa ( saMskRta gadya ), zAntisudhArasa Adi aneka grantha haiN| DA0 hIrAnanda zAstrI dvArA viracita grantha Ancient Vijnaptipatrasre meM lagabhaga 24 vijJaptipatroM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| unameM aneka rAjasthAnI evaM gujarAtI meM haiN| lagabhaga 6 saMskRta meM haiM : 3. ghoghA vijJasipatra saM0 1717 ; 4. devAsa vijJapti ( 18vIM zatI ); 7-8 do bhagna vijJaptipatra; 9. zinora vijJaptipatra saM0 1821; 15. zinora vijJaptipatra saM0 1863 ( AMzika saMskRta aura AMzika rAjasthAnI ) / anya vijJatipatroM meM upAdhyAya samayasundara ( 18vIM zatI ) kRta vijJaptipatra ( mahAdaNDastutigarbha ), jJAnatilaka ( 18vIM zatI) kRta vijJaptipatra Adi kA ullekha milatA hai / 465 abhilekha- sAhitya : kisI bhI rASTra, bhASA evaM sAhitya kA itihAsa jAnane ke lie abhilekhoM kA sarvopari sthAna hai kyoMki inameM prakRti kI parivartanazIla dRSTi kA bahuta kama 1. 2. 3. muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita vijJaptitriveNI. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 648-49. bar3audA sTeTa presa, 1942; isake dvitIya, tRtIya adhyAya ( aMgrejI meM) vizeSa rUpa se paThanIya haiM / 4. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, khaNDa 1, pR0 24. 30

Page #479
466 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa asara ho sakA hai| inameM saralatA se kisI prakAra ke saMzodhana aura parivartana kI bhI guMjAiza nahIM aura yadi vaha huA bhI hai, jaisA ki rASTrakUTa ke tAmrapatroM meM bahudhA dekhA jAtA hai, to zIghra hI pakar3a meM A jAtA hai| abhilekhoM meM prAyaH samakAlIna ghaTanAoM kA ullekha rahane se unakI prAmANikatA meM sandeha nahIM hotaa| bhAratIya itihAsa kI aneka samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM ina lekhoM se bar3I sahAyatA milI hai| jahA~ sAhitya cupa hai yA kama prakAza DAlatA hai vahA~ ye lekha hameM nizcita sUcanA dete haiN| yahA~ hama jaina abhilekha sAhitya kI kucha vizeSatAe~ batalAte haiN| ___jaina abhilekha sAhitya vividha upAdAnoM para utkIrNa milatA hai, jaise zilA, zilAnirmita mandira, stambha, guphA, pASANa, dhAtupratimA, caraNa, devalI, smAraka, zayyApaTa, tAmrapaTa evaM yaMtra Adi para utkIrNa to milatA hI hai para katipaya lekha dIvAloM evaM kASThapaTTikAoM para kAlI syAhI se likhe hue bhI mile haiM jo sADhe pA~ca sau varSa jitane prAcIna haiN| kAlI syAhI ke akSaroM kA pASANa para jyoM ke tyoM raha jAnA Azcarya kI bAta hai / ye lekha Aja taka vidyamAna rahakara prAcIna syAhI ke TikAUpana kI hI sAkSI dete haiN| isI taraha pustaka ke pariveSTana para suI se kar3hA huA bhI jaina lekha (bIkAnera se ) milA hai| vaise hI buhalara ko silka para syAhI se chapA grantha aura piTarsana ko kapar3e para syAhI se chapA grantha milA hai para suI se aMkita lekha nayA hI pratIta hotA hai| jaina abhilekhoM kI prakRti samajhane ke lie unheM hama aneka dRSTiyoM se vibhakta kara sakate haiM, jaise uttara bhArata ke, dakSiNa bhArata yA pazcima bhArata ke lekha, sampradAyagata digambara aura zvetAmbara lekha, vistRta dRSTikoNa se rAjanItika evaM dhArmika lekha / para vAstava meM inake do hI bheda karanA ThIka hai : eka to rAjanItika jo zAsanapatroM ke rUpa meM haiM yA adhikArIvarga se sambaddha haiM aura dUsare sAMskRtika jo janavarga se sambaddha haiN| inameM se rAjanItika evaM adhikArI varga se sambandhita lekha prAyaH prazastiyoM ke rUpa meM hote haiN| inameM rAjAoM kI virudAvaliyA~, sAmarika vijaya, vaMzaparicaya Adi ke sAtha mandira, mUrti yA muni Adi ke lie bhUmidAna, grAmadAnAdi kA varNana hotA hai| isa prakAra ke lekhoM meM kaliMga nRpa khAravela kA hAthIgumphA zilAlekha (prathama-dvitIya I0 pUrva), ravikIrtiracita cAlukya pulakezi dvitIya kA zilAlekha (634 I0 ), kakkuka kA ghaTiyAla prastara lekha (vi0 saM0 918), kavi zrIpAlaviracita kumArapAla kI bar3anagaraprazasti (vi0 saM0 1208), hathaMDI ke dhavala rASTrakUTa kA bIjApura

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aitihAsika sAhitya lekha (997 I0), vijayakIrti munikRta vikramasiMha kachavAhA kA dubakuNDa lekha (1088 I0), jayamaMgalasUriviracita cAciga cAhamAna kA sundhAdri lekha Adi aneka prazastilekha hI haiN| ina prazastiyoM meM kaI kA mahatva to itanA hai ki katipaya rAjazAkhAoM kA paricaya kevala ina jaina prazastiyoM se hI huA hai, jaise ur3IsA ke hAthIgumphA se prApta zilAlekhoM se khAravela aura usake vaMza kA, hathaMDI ke lekha se vahA~ ke rASTrakUToM kA, gvAliyara ke sAsabahU zilAlekha se kacchavAhoM kI gvAliyara zAkhA kA aura dubakuNDa lekha se vahA~ ke kacchavAhoM kI zAkhA kaa| janavarga se sambandhita lekhoM kA kSetra bahuta vistRta hai / ye lekha apanI dhArmika mAnyatA ke lie bhakta evaM zraddhAlu puruSa yA strIvarga dvArA likhAye gaye haiN| aise lekha 1-2 paMkti ke rUpa meM mUrti kI caukiyoM para tathA kuTumba evaM vyakti kI prazaMsA meM ucca koTi ke kAvya ke rUpa meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra ke aneka lekha uttara bhArata meM mathurA, AbUparvata, giranAra, zaQjaya Adi tIrthoM se tathA dakSiNa bhArata meM zravaNabelagolA prabhRti sthAnoM se mile haiN| inase aneka jAtiyoM ke sAmAjika itihAsa aura jainAcAryoM ke saMgha, gaNa, gaccha tathA paTTAvalI ke rUpa meM dhArmika itihAsa ke atirikta sAMskRtika evaM rAjanItika itihAsa kA paricaya milatA hai| ina lekhoM meM prAyaH mUrtiyoM, dharmasthAnoM aura mandiroM ke nirmANa kA kAla aMkita rahatA hai, jisase kalA aura dharma ke vikAsakrama ko samajhane meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai aura sAmAjika sthiti kA parijJAna, jaise eka deza se dUsare deza meM jaina kaba kaise phaile aura vahA~ jainadharma kA prasAra adhikAdhika kaba huA, bhI ho jAtA hai| aneka bhaka puruSoM aura mahilAoM ke nAma bhI ina lekhoM se jJAta hote haiM jo ki bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se bar3e mahattva ke haiN| 9vIM zatAbdI ke bAda ke aneka lekhoM meM adhikAMza nAma apabhraMza aura tatkAlIna lokabhASA ke rUpa ko prakaTa karate haiN| jainoM kA abhilekha sAhitya prAcIna samaya se arvAcIna samaya taka kisI eka bhASA kI paridhi meM nahIM badhA rhaa| usameM prAkRta, saMskRta, mizra saMskRta, kannaDamizra saMskRta, kannaDa, tamila, marAThI, gujarAtI aura hindI bhASA kA bhI prayoga huA hai| dakSiNa ke kucha lekha tamila meM aura adhikAMza kannaDamizrita saMskRta meM haiN| dakSiNa bhArata se saMskRta bhASA meM likhe aise mahattva ke lekha mile haiM jo kAbya ke sundara namUne haiN| unameM cAlukya pulakezi kI ehole prazasti, rASTrakUTa govinda ke manne aura kaDaba se prApta lekha, amoghavarSa kA konnara zilA

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468 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa lekha tathA anya lekhoM meM malliSeNa prazasti, sUdI, madanUra, kulacumbarU aura lakmezvara Adi se prApta lekha saMskRta padya aura gadya kAvyoM ke acche udAharaNa haiN| uttara bhArata ke adhikAMza jaina lekha kucha apavAda ke sAtha vizuddha saMskRta meM hI race gaye haiN| prAkRta bhASA meM jitane bhI abhilekha mile haiM unameM sabase prAcIna eka jaina lekha milA hai jo ajamera se 32 mIla dUra bAralI (bar3alI) nAmaka grAma se eka pASANastaMbha para 4 laghupaMktiyoM meM khudA milA hai| use par3hakara kha0 gaurIzaMkara hI0 ojhA ne batalAyA ki usameM vI0 ni0 saM0 84 likhA hai|' ukta lekha kI lipi bhI azoka pUrva kI mAnI gaI hai| isake bAda azoka ke lekhoM ke pazcAt hameM ur3IsA se hAthIgumphA kA zilAlekha nRpa khAravela aura usake parivAra kA milatA hai| isake bAda mathurA aura pabhosA se prApta jaina lekha prAkRta meM hI haiN| mathurA ke kucha lekha saMskRtamizra prAkRta meM aura kucha saMskRta meM haiN| isake bahuta samaya bAda gurjara pratihAra kI jodhapura zAkhA kA eka lekha ghaTiyAla' (vi0 saM0 918) se mahArASTrI prAkRta meM milA hai| phira 14-18vIM 1. cUki aneka prAcIna jaina granthoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha milate haiM ki vIra-nirvANa ke itane varSa bAda bhamuka kArya huA aura itane varSa bAda amuka rAjA yA bhAcArya hue bhAdi, ataH ukta lekha meM vI0ni0 saM0 kA ullekha zaMkA kA viSaya nahIM honA caahie| 2. yaha lekha san 1827 yA usake pUrva sTaliMga mahodaya ko milA thaa| isake bAda usakI pANDulipi banAne aura use par3hane meM uccakoTi ke anekoM vidvAnoM ne athaka parizrama kiyaa| unameM jemsa prinsepa, janarala kaniMghama, rAjendralAla mitra, bhagavAnalAla indrajI, rAkhAladAsa banarjI, kAzIprasAda jAyasa vAla, veNImAdhava baruA, zazikAnta jaina prabhRti ullekhanIya haiN| 3. epigrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 1-2; iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhAga 33, jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, jaina hitaiSI, bhAga 10, 13; jaina siddhAnta bhAskara patrikA meM aneka lekha; premI abhinandana grantha aura varNI abhinandana grantha meM aneka lekha. .. jarnala oNpha royala eziyATika sosAiTI, 1896, pR. 513 prabhRti; jaina lekhasaMgraha (nAhara), bhAga 1, saMkhyA 945.

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aitihAsika sAhitya zatI taka pazcima bhArata ke aneka sthAnoM se prAkRta meM mile haiM jinameM zatrujaya se hI 50 ke lagabhaga aura zeSa AbU, pATana, sikrA aura mANDavI se haiN| jaina vidvAnoM ne ye sabhI lekha apane dharmAnurAgavaza hI nahIM likhe balki itihAsapriyatA se bhI likhe haiN| unhoMne inameM se anekoM kI racanA apane dharmasthAnoM aura sampradAya ke upayoga ke lie ho nahIM kI pratyuta anya dharma aura sampradAya ke upayoga ke lie bhI kii| hameM aise aneka lekha mile haiM jinheM jaina vidvAnoM ne itara sampradAya ke mandiroM yA sthAnoM ke lie hI banAyA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa digambara rAmakIrti ne nittaur3agar3ha prazasti (1150 I0) vahA~ ke mokalajI mandira ke lie, bRhadgaccha ke jayamaMgalasUrikRta sundhAdri lekha' cAmuNDAdevI ke mandira ke lie, yazodeva digambara ne gvAliyara ke sAsabahU' mandira ke lie tathA ratnaprabhasUri ne guhalotoM ke ghAghasA aura cirvA ke "viSNu mandira ke lie lekha likhe the / yahA~ yaha na samajhanA cAhie ki ve lekha una sthAnoM meM jainoM se chIna. kara le jAye gaye haiM, pratyuta isake viparIta ve lekha vizeSataH una sthAnoM ke lie hI jainAcAryoM ne likhe the kyoMki una lekhoM ke anta meM jainAcAryoM ke nAma, guruparamparA, gaNa, gaccha ke sivAya hameM aisA kucha nahIM milatA jo jainoM se sambandhita ho / yahA~ taka ki maMgalAcaraNa ke padya bhI ajaina devI-devatAoM ke maMgalAcaraNa se prArambha hote haiN| hA~,kucheka meM OMsarvajJAya namaH, padmanAthAya namaH Adi se unakA prArambha hotA hai / ye lekha nizcita rUpa se jainAcAryoM kI udAratA aura vizAla hRdayatA ko sUcita karate haiN| ___ sabase adhika jaina zilAlekha dakSiNa bhArata meM surakSita mile haiN| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM-I0 hulza, je. epha0 phlITa, luisa rAisa Adi ne sAutha iNDiyana inskripzansa, iNDiyana eNTIkverI, epigrAphiyA karNATikA Adi granthoM meM vahA~ ke hajAroM lekhoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| ye lekha pASANapaTToM evaM tAmrapatroM para saMskRta 1. epigrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 2, pR0 421; hisTorikala inskripzansa oNpha gujarAta, bhAga 2, saMkhyA 146. 2. epigrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 9, pR. 70-77; jaina lekhasaMgraha (nAhara), bhAga 1, saMkhyA 903. 3. iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhAga 15, pR0 33-46. 4. rAjapUtAnA myUjiyama riporTa, 1927, pR0 3. 5. viyanA oriyaNTala jarnala, bhAga 21, pR0 142.

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470 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aura purAnI kannaDa Adi bhASAoM meM khude haiM / prAcIna kannaDa ke lekhoM meM jainoM ke lekha bahuta adhika haiM, kyoMki uttara karNATaka aura maisUra rAjya meM jainoM kA nivAsa prAcIna kAla se thaa| uttara bhArata ke lekhoM meM bhI jaina lekhoM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika hai| san 1908 meM phreMca vidvAn DA0 e0 gerino ne 'riportera da epigrAphI jaina' prakAzita kI thI jisameM san 1907 ke anta taka prakAzita 850 jaina lekhoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA thaa| unameM 809 lekha aise haiM jinakA samaya una para likhA huA hai athavA dUsarI sAzciyoM se jJAta huA hai| ye lekha I0 san se 242 varSa pUrva se lekara I. san 1866 taka ke arthAt lagabhaga 2200 varSa ke haiN| inameM zvetA aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM ke lekha haiN| isake bAda san 1915, 1927 aura 1929 meM kalakattA se pUraNacandrajI nAhara ne jaina lekhasaMgraha ke kramazaH tIna bhAga nikAle jinameM zvetAmbara sampradAya ke hajAroM mUla lekhoM kA saMgraha prakAzita kiyA jinameM adhikAMza bIkAnera evaM jaisalamera ke haiN| san 1917 aura 1921 meM muni jinavijayajI ne 'prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha' nAma se do bhAga nikAle / pahale bhAga meM kaliMganareza khAravela ke zilAlekha ko bar3A mahattva diyA gayA hai aura dUsare meM zatrukSaya, AbU , giranAra Adi aneka sthAnoM ke 557 lekha prakAzita kiye gaye hai| dakSiNa ke digambara sampradAya ke jaina lekhoM kA saMgraha DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ne jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, prathama bhAga, san 1928 I0 meM sampAdita kara prakAzita kiyaa| isameM zravaNabelagolA tathA nikaTavartI sthAnoM ke 500 lekha saMkalita hue the| jaina zilAlekha saMgraha ke dvitIya-tRtIya bhAga meM gerino kI sUcI ke AdhAra para paM0 vijayamUrti zAstrI ne 850 jaina lekhoM kA saMkalana kiyA unameM se 535 lekhoM kA pUrA pATha evaM saMkSipta hindI vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| zeSa 140 lekha prathama bhAga meM A cuke haiM tathA 175 zvetA0 sampradAya ke lekha hai ataH unakA ullekha mAtra kara diyA gayA hai| isa taraha jaina zilAlekha ke pahale tIna bhAgoM meM kula 1035 lekhoM kA saMgraha huA hai| gerino aura DA0 hIrAlAla jaina ke saMkalanoM se zeSa bAda meM prakAzita lagabhaga 654 lekhoM kA saMgraha DA0 vidyAdhara .. ahamadAbAda aura bhAvanagara se prakAzita. 2. mANikacandra diga0 jaina pranthamAlA, bambaI se prakAzita.

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471 aitihAsika sAhitya joharApurakara ne jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, caturtha bhAga' ke rUpa meM san 1961 meM prakAzita kraayaa| isa taraha 1689 diga0 jaina zilAlekha ukta cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| ina cAroM bhAgoM meM se prathama bhAga meM DA0 hIrAlAlajI jaina kI likhI 162 pRSTha kI, tRtIya bhAga meM DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI dvArA likhita 173 pRSTha kI aura caturtha bhAga meM DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara dvArA likhita 33 pRSTha kI vidvattApUrNa prastAvanAe~ haiN| zravaNabelagolA ke zilAlekhoM ke saMgraha ( jaina zi0 saM0 bhAga 1 ) ke samAna hI AbU ke 664 lekhoM kA saMgraha 'arbuda prAcIna lekhasaMdoha ke nAma se sva. muni jayantavijayajI ne saM0 1994 meM prakAzita kraayaa| ukta munijI ne saM0 2005 meM AbU pradeza ke 99 gAMvoM ke 645 lekhoM ke saMgraharUpa meM 'arbudAcala pradakSiNA lekhasaMgraha'3 prakAzita kiyaa| anya lekhasaMgrahoM meM AcArya vijayadharmasUri dvArA sampAdita 'prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha" ullekhanIya hai jo san 1929 meM prakAzita huaa| isameM saM0 1123 se 1547 taka ke 500 zvetA0 sampradAya ke lekhoM kA saMgraha hai| pratimA yA mUrti-lekhasaMgraha mArata ke rAjanItika aura vizeSakara saMghIya itihAsa ko jAnane ke lie pratimAlekha mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai| purAtattva se sambandha hone ke kAraNa yaha sAmagrI atyadhika vizvasanIya mAnI jAtI hai| pratimAlekhoM kI aitihAsikatA isalie adhika mAnI jAtI hai ki una para kiMvadantiyoM va atizayoktiyoM kA prabhAva adhika nahIM huA hai kyoMki vahA~ likhane kI jagaha kama hone se mukhya mukhya bAteM hI ullikhita hotI haiM / hastalikhita granthoM meM jo sthAna puSpikAoM kA hai vahI mUrtiyoM para pratimAlekhoM kA hai| bhArata meM pratimAlekha jitane jaina samAja meM prApta hote haiM utane zAyada hI kisI anya samAja meM upalabdha hote hoN| __suvidhA ke lie hama pratimAoM yA mUrtiyoM ko prastara arthAt pASANamUrti aura dhAtumUrti ina do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiN| apekSAkRta dhAtumUrtiyoM kI 1. mArahANapITha, vArANasI se prakAzita. 2-3. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara. 1. bhAvanagara.

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472 saMkhyA adhika hai / salekha prastaramUrtiyoM kI dhAtumUrtiyoM kI hajAroM / 10vIM zatI ke pratimAe~ hoMgI jo salekha na hoM / jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saMkhyA yadi saikar3oM hogI to salekha bAda kI bahuta hI kama aisI dhAtu adyAvadhi prApta sabase prAcIna pratimA lohAnIpura paTanA se hai jo pASANa kI hai / yadyapi isa para koI lekha nahIM para vizeSa pAliza va camaka ke AdhAra para isakA samaya mauryakAlIna ( 300 I0 pU0 ) mAnA gayA hai| mathurA se jainoM kI aneka salekha mUrtiyA~ milI haiM jo tIna mukhya bhAgoM meM bA~TI jA sakatI haiM : tIrthakara pratimAe~, deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ aura AyAgapaTTa / ina para utkIrNa lagabhaga sau lekhoM se hameM aitihAsika, dhArmika evaM sAmAjika mahattva kI bahuta sAmagrI milatI hai / inameM ullikhita zaka evaM kuSANa rAjAoM ke nAma tathA tithiyoM se hameM unake kramika itihAsa tathA rAjyakAla kI avadhi kA patA calatA hai | sAmAjika itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI ye lekha bar3e mahatva ke haiN| inameM gaNikA, nartakI, luhAra, gandhika, sunAra, grAmika, zreSThI Adi jAtiyoM aura varga ke logoM ke nAma milate haiM, jinhoMne mUrti Adi kA nirmANa, pratiSThA evaM dAna kArya kiye the / isase vidita hotA hai ki 2 hajAra varSa pahale jainasaMgha meM sabhI vyavasAya ke loga barAbarI se dharmArAdhana karate the / adhikAMza lekhoM meM dAtAvarga ke rUpa meM striyoM kI pradhAnatA thI jo bar3e garva ke sAtha apane puNya kA mAgadheya apane AtmIyoM ko banAtI thiiN| ina lekhoM se eka aura mahattva kI bAta sUcita hotI hai ki usa samaya loga vyaktivAcaka nAma ke sAtha mAtA kA nAma jor3ate the, jaise mogaliputra, kauzikiputra Adi / jainadharma ke prAcIna itihAsa kI dRSTi se mathurA ye lekha aura bhI bar3e mahatva ke haiN| ina lekhoM meM mUrtiyoM ke saMsthApakoM ne na kevala apanA hI nAma utkIrNa karAyA hai balki apane guruoM kA bhI jinake ki sampradAya ke ve the / lekhoM meM aneka gaNoM, kuloM aura zAkhAoM ke nAma bhI diye gaye haiM jo jainAgama kalpasUtra aura nandisUtra kI paTTAvalI se milate haiM / usa kAla meM ina gaNoM Adi ke astitva se usa mahAn yuga kA, usake jIvana kI gatividhi kA tathA sAtha hI sampradAyoM kI paramparA ko rakhane meM vizeSa sAvadhAnI kA anumAna kara sakate haiM / guptakAla meM hameM jaina mUrtiyoM ke na kevala uccatama udAharaNa milate haiM balki unase usa kAla ke itihAsa kI jaTila samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karane meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna milatA hai / itihAsajJoM ke bIca mahArAjAdhirAja rAmaguna ke sambandha meM gata 50 varSoM se kAphI vAdavivAda cala rahA thaa| usake astitva ko batalAne ke

Page #486
aitihAsika sAhitya - 473 lie 'devIcandragupta' nATaka tathA kucha tAMbe ke sikke mile the para usake astitva kA antima nirNaya jaina mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM se hI ho sakA hai| gata varSa guptakAla kI tIna jaina mUrtiyA~ vidizA ( madhya pradeza ) ke vezanagara ke samIpastha grAma durjanapura meM bulaDojara se jamIna sApha karate samaya milI haiM jinameM guptakAlIna lipi meM spaSTa rUpa se mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta likhA milA hai| guptakAla meM pItala Adi dhAtuoM dvArA jainoM ne pratimA nirmANakalA kA vikAsa kiyA thA aura mugalakAla Ate-Ate isakA pracura mAtrA meM prasAra ho gayA thA / isakA pradhAna kAraNa yaha thA ki musalamAna mUrtibhaMjaka the aura pASANamUrtiyA~ zIghra hI naSTa kI jA sakatI thIM jabaki dhAtupratimAe~ kama / pratimA-lekhoM ke mahattva ko dekhakara aba taka aneka pratimAlekha saMgraha prakAzita ho cuke haiM | AcArya buddhisAgarasUri ne san 1917 aura 1924 meM zvetA0 jaina dhAtu pratimAlekha saMgraha' ke do bhAgoM meM 2683 pratimAlekha prakAzita karAye / vijayadharmasUri ke uparinirdiSTa prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha meM bhI adhikAMza pratimAlekha hI haiM / sva0 pUraNacandra nAhara ke jaina lekha saMgraha 3 bhAgoM meM prAyaH pratimAlekha hI adhika haiM; dUsare aura tIsare bhAga meM to bIkAnera aura jaisalamera ke hI pratimAlekhoM kA saMgraha hai jinakI saMkhyA 1580 se adhika hai / muni jayantavijaya ke AbU ke lekhasaMgrahoM meM bhI prAyaH hajAroM pratimAlekha saMkalita haiM / AcArya vijayayatIndrasUri ke 'yatIndra vihAra digdarzana" ke cAroM bhAgoM meM aneka pratimAlekha saMgRhIta haiM / muni kAntisAgara dvArA sampAdita 'jaina dhAtu pratimAlekha' 3 meM 369 pratimAlekha saMvatkrama se saM0 1080 se 1952 taka ke haiM / pariziSTa meM zatruMjaya tIrthasambandhita dainandinI bhI chapI hai / san 1953 meM upAdhyAya muni vinayasAgara ne saMvat ke anukrama se 1200 lekhoM kA saMgraha pratiSThAlekha saMgraha nAma se prakAzita kiyA jisameM sva0 DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA likhI / isakI pradhAna vizeSatA zrAvakabhAvikAoM ke nAmoM kI hai / rs taka sabase bar3A pratimAlekha saMgraha zrI agaracandrajI nAhaTA kA 'bIkAnera lekha saMgraha" hai jisameM bIkAnera aura 1. adhyAtmaprasAraka maNDala, pAdarA. 2. yatIndra sAhityasadana, khur3AlA. 3. jinadattasUri jJAnabhaNDAra, sUrata. 4. nAiTA bradarsa, 4 jagamohana mallika lena, kalakattA.

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474 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jaisalamera pradezoM ke 3000 pratimAlekha saMgRhIta haiN| inameM aneka zmazAna evaM satIlekha bhI A gaye haiN| isakI bhUmikA, prAkkathana evaM pariziSTa Adi bar3e mahattva ke haiN| nAhaTAjI ne apane 'vaktavya' zIrSaka lekha meM aba taka saMkalana kiye hue para aprakAzita anekoM pratimAlekhoM kI sUcanA dI hai jisase isakI vizAlatA jJAta hotI hai| digambara jaina pratimAlekhoM ke bhI kucha saMgraha ullekhanIya haiM, yathA zrI choTelAla jaina ne saM0 1979 meM jaina pratimA yaMtrasaMgraha prakAzita kiyaa| saM0 1994 meM kAmatAprasAda jaina ne pratimA lekhasaMgraha meM mainapurI kI pratimAoM ke lekha prakAzita kiye haiN| isI taraha zAntikumAra Thavalo ne nAgapura pratimA lekhasaMgraha meM 497 pratimAoM kA lekhasaMgraha jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, caturtha bhAga ke pariziSTa 3 meM prakAzita kiyA hai| DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ke bhaTTAraka sampradAya meM bhI aneka pratimAlekhoM kA saMgraha A gayA hai / 1. jaina siddhAnta bhavana, mArA.

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prakaraNa 5 lalita vAGmaya isa prakaraNa meM zAstrIya mahAkAvya, gadyakAvya, campU , dUtakAvya, nATaka Adi (alaMkAra tathA rasa zailI para likhA huA sAhitya ) kA samAveza hogaa| zAstrIya mahAkAvya kI tIna zreNiyoM-rItimukta, rItibaddha evaM zAstrakAvyabahvarthakakAvya-kA paricaya hama prAstAvika meM kara Aye haiM / jaina kaviyoM ne prAkRta meM kisI prakAra ke zAstrIya mahAkAvya kI racanA nahIM kii| saMskRta meM isa prakAra ke kAvyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama hai| ye prAyaH bhAravi, mAgha Adi ke mahAkAvyoM ke anukaraNa para race gaye haiM jo ki rItibaddha zreNI meM yA bhaTTimahAkAvya Adi ke anukaraNa para zAstrakAvya aura bahvarthakakAvyoM ke rUpa meM hI milate haiN| ina mahAkAvyoM meM nimnalikhita pravRttiyA~ dRSTigata hotI haiM : 1. inakI racanA meM lakSaNagranthoM meM prApta adhikAMza mahAkAvya-sambandhI niyamoM kA pAlana huA hai| 2. bhAravi, mAgha tathA zrIharSa Adi ke mahAkAvyoM ke Adarza para inakI kathAvastu atyanta svalpa rakhI gaI hai kintu vastuvyApAra kA anAvazyaka vistAra kiyA gayA hai| prAkRtika varNanoM ke bAhulya se inakA kathAnaka ukhar3A-sA lagatA hai| 3. inameM sthala-sthala para kavi ne pANDityapradarzana, vAkcAturI aura kalpanAvaibhava dikhAne kI ceSTA kI hai| ___4. inakI bhASA kirAtArjunIya, zizupAlavadha Adi kA Adarza mAnakara calI hai| isase bhASA-zailI udAtta, praur3ha aura kahIM kahIM durbodha ho gaI hai| inameM rasa, alaMkAra aura chandoyojanA para bahuta bala diyA gayA hai| rasoM meM zRGgAra, vIra aura zAnta rasa ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| anya rasoM kA citraNa gauNarUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| alaMkAroM meM zabdAlaMkAra tathA citrakAvyoM kI zramasAdhya yojanA ullekhanIya hai|

Page #489
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 5. ina mahAkAvyoM meM kaviyoM ne dharma, rAjanIti Adi vividha zAstraviSayaka jJAna ko pradarzita kiyA hai| pradyumnacaritakAvya : isa kAvya kI prakAzita prati meM 14 sarga haiM jinameM kula milAkara 1532 padya haiN| navama sarga sabase vizAla hai jisameM vividha chandoM meM nirmita 349 padya haiN| aSTama meM 197 tathA paMcama meM 150 padya haiN| sabase kama chanda 13ve sarga meM haiN-44| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-prakAzita prati meM granthakartA kI koI prazasti nahIM dI gaI para kAraMjA ke jaina bhaNDAra kI prati meM 6 padyoM kI eka prazasti milatI hai jisake anusAra isa grantha ke kartA mahAsenasUri haiN| ve lATavagaTa saMgha meM siddhAntoM ke pAragAmI jayasena muni ke ziSya guNAkarasena ke ziSya the| ve paramAranareza muMja ke dvArA pUjita the aura rAjA bhoja ke pitA sindhurAja yA sindhula kA mahattama (mahAmAtya ) parpaTa unake caraNakamaloM kA anurAgI thaa|' mahAsena ne isa kAvya kI racanA kI aura rAjA ke anucara vivekavAn maghana ne ise likhakara kovidajanoM ko diyaa| isake pratyeka sarga ke anta meM mahAsena ko sindhurAja ke mahAmahattama parpaTa kA guru likhA hai jo isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki parpaTa jainadharmAnuyAyI thA aura usake lie isa kAvya kI racanA huI thii| yadyapi kAvyanirmANa kA samaya prazasti meM nahIM diyA gayA parantu muMja aura sindhula ke ullekha se isake samaya kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| sindhurAja kA samaya lagabhaga 995-998 I0 hai / isa grantha kI racanA bhI inhIM varSoM meM honI caahie| .. mANikacandra diga0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 19.7; paM0 nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 411; jinaratnakoza, pR. 264; isake mahAkAvyatva ke lie dekheM-DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 109-139. 2. AsIt zrImahasenasUriranaghaH zrImuMjarAjArcitaH / sImA darzanabodhavRkSatapasAM bhavyAbjinIbAndhavaH / / zrIsindhurAjasya mahattamena zrIparpaTenArcitapAdapannaH / cakAra tenAbhihitaH prabaMdhaM sa pAvanaM niSThitamaMgalasya // prazasti padya 3-4. 3. DA. gulAbacandra caudharI, poliTikala hisTrI oNpha naoNrdarna iNDiyA, pR0 95.

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lalita vAGmaya pradyumnacarita para likhI racanAoM kI tAlikA ke anusAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ise sarvaprathama svatantra carita evaM kAvya ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kA zreya mahAsenAcArya ko hai / kAlakrama se saMskRta meM pradyumnacarita para dUsarI racanA sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka( 15vIM zatI) racita kA ullekha milatA hai / ' neminirvANamahAkAvya : isa kAvya meM bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA jIvanavRtta varNita hai / isameM pandraha sarga haiN| pratyeka sarga kI samApti para diye gaye vAkya meM ise 'mahAkAvya kahA gayA hai| isameM kramazaH prathama se pandrahaveM sarga taka 83 + 60 + 47 + 62 + 72+51+ 55 + 80 + 57+46 +58 + 70 + 84 + 48 + 85 = kula 958 padya haiM / nAgaura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM isa kAvya kI cAra hastalikhita pratiyA~ haiM / ina hastalikhita pratiyoM meM 13veM sarga meM 85 padya aura antima sarga meM 88 padya diye gaye haiN| isase mahAkAvya meM kula milAkara 962 padma ho jAte haiM / terahaveM sarga meM neminAtha ke bhavAntaroM kA varNana hai aura zeSa vargoM meM vartamAna bhava aura usase sambandhita anya bAtoM kA / 1 477 grantha kI bhASA sarala hote hue bhI atyanta sarasa hai / vividha chandoM kA prayoga karane meM prastuta mahAkAvya kA racayitA ati kuzala hai / sAtaveM sarga meM AryA, zazivadanA, bandhUka, vidyunmAlA, zikhariNI, pramANikA, mAdyabhRGga, haMsaruta, rukmavatI, mattA, mAlinI, maNiraGga, rathoddhatA, hariNI, indravajrA, pRthvI, bhujaGgaprayAta, sragdharA, rucirA, mandAkrAntA, vaMzastha, pramitAkSarA, kusumavicitrA, priyaMvadA, zAlinI, mauktikadAma, tAmarasa, toTaka, candrikA, maJjubhASiNIM, mattamayUra, nandinI, azokamAlinI, sragviNI, zaramAlA, acyuta, zazikalikA, somarAjI, caNDavRSTi, drutavilambita, praharaNakalikA, bhramaravilasitA aura vasantatilakA haiM / ina chandoM meM aneka aise chanda haiM jinakA patA 'vRttaratnAkara' ke praNetA kedArabhaTTa ko bhI nahIM thA / inameM kucha chanda aise bhI haiM jinakA prayoga kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAgha tathA pazcAtvartI vIranandi aura haricandra Adi prasiddha mahAkaviyoM 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 264. 2. kAvyamAlA, 56, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1936. 3. saMkhyA 21, 99, 107 aura 254.

Page #491
478 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke mahAkAvyoM meM bhI nahIM miltaa| jaise caNDavRSTi / isakA prayoga neminirvANa ke 7veM sarga ke 46ve padya meM huA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya meM anuprAsa aura yamaka Adi aneka zabdAlaMkAroM kA tathA upamA, dIpaka, rUpaka, zleSa, parisaMkhyA aura virodhAbhAsa Adi aneka arthAlaMkAroM kA sundara prayoga huA hai| isa kAvya meM pradhAna rasa zAnta hai / mahAkAvyoM meM nAyikA kA varNana prAyaH nakha se zikhA taka milatA hai kintu neminirvANa meM isa prakAra kA varNana kahIM bhI nahIM hai / yaha isa kAvya kI vizeSatA hai| kathAvastu-prathama 25 padyoM meM maMgalastuti ke bAda do padyoM meM sajana-khala kI carcA kI gaI hai / isake bAda kathA isa prakAra calatI hai : surASTra deza meM dvAravatI ( dvArikA ) nagarI thii| usakA rAjA samudravijaya kuzalatA se pRthvI kA zAsana kara rahA thaa| eka samaya usane apane anuja vasudeva ke putra govinda ( zrIkRSNa ) ko yuvarAja pada dekara rAjya kA bojha halkA kiyA aura putraprApti ke lie bahuta samaya taka aneka prakAra ke vrata kiye [prathama saga ], eka samaya vaha sabhA meM baiThA thA ki AkAza se bhUmitala para utaratI huI surAGganAe~ dikhii| ve rAjasabhA meM utara kara rAjA kI jaya bolii| unheM suvarNAsanoM para baiThAyA gayA aura Ane kA kAraNa puuchaa| unhoMne kahAaba se 6 mAha bAda ApakI mahArAnI zivA ke garbha meM 22ve tIrthakara nemi kA janma hogA isalie devarAja indra ne mahArAnI kI sevA ke lie hameM bhejA hai| ve mahArAnI kI sevA karane lgii| samaya Ane para rAtri meM jinamAtA ne solaha svapna dekhe [dvitIya sarga], jinamAtA ne una svapnoM ko rAjA se kahA aura rAjA ne una svapnoM kA phala pratApI putra hone ko khaa| rAnI ne garbha dhAraNa kiyA [ tRtIya sarga ], mahArAnI zivA ne nava mAsa ke bAda sakala lokanandana nandana ko janma diyaa| loka meM bar3A Ananda huA, devatAgaNa janmakalyANa manAne Aye [caturtha sarga], una logoM ne bAlaka jina ko praNAma kara pANDuka zilA para le jAkara usakA abhiSeka kiyA aura utsava mnaayaa| pIche ve loga svarga lauTa gaye [paMcama svarga] | dhIre-dhIre bAlaka zaizava avasthA ko pAra kara yuvA avasthA meM aayaa| isake bAda kavi ne chaThe sarga ke 17ve padya se vasanta varNana, raivataparvata varNana [ saptama sarga ], jalakrIr3A varNana [ aSTama sarga ], sAyaMkAla tathA 1. DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 297 prabhRti.

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lalita vAGmaya candrodaya varNana [ navama sarga] tathA madhupAna aura surata varNana [ dazama sarga ] dekara mAgha ke zizupAlavadha ke anusAra mahAkAvya kI paramparA kA nirvAha karate hue 11veM saga se punaH kathAkrama ko jArI kiyA hai| caitra ke mahIne meM rAjA ugrasena kI putrI rAjImatI raivataka parvata para krIr3A karane AtI hai aura vahA~ vaha neminAtha ko dekha kAmavedanA se pIr3ita ho jAtI hai| idhara rAjA samudravijaya ne yuvarAja kRSNa ko nemi ke vivAha ke lie rUpavatI rAjImatI ko mA~gane ke lie bhejaa| kRSNa ne ugrasena se kanyAdAna ke lie prastAva kiyA jise usane saharSa svIkAra kiyaa| yaha suna rAjImatI jo paramAnanda huaa| svIkRti pAkara kRSNa lauTa Aye [11vA~ sarga], vivAha kI taiyAriyA~ huI / neminAtha ne sajadhajakara ratha para car3ha vivAha ke lie prasthAna kiyA / rAjadhAnI meM khUba utsava manAyA gyaa| udhara rAjImatI ko bhI khUba sajAyA gyaa| donoM ora Ananda-lahara chA gaI / nemi ugrasena ke nagara pahu~ce [ 12vA~ sarga] / jyoMhI ve ratha se utaranevAle the ki unhoMne vivAyajJa meM baMdhe hue pazusamUha ke cItkAra ko sunaa| unhoMne netra phAr3akara samIpa kI vAr3I ko dekhA jisameM pazugaNa karuNa krandana kara rahe the| unhoMne apane sArathi se itane eka sAtha ba~dhe hue pazuoM kA kyA prayojana hai. yaha pUchA / usane kahA ki Apake vivA hameM Aye hue abhyAgato ke nimitta vizeSa pAkavidhi ke lie inakI 'vasA' kA prayoga hogaa| yaha sunate hI unheM bhavAntara kI smRti ho AI aura ve samAgata bandhuvargoM kI abhilASA ke pratikUla bole ki maiM isa parigraha (vivAha ) ko na karU~gA aura paramArthasiddhi ke lie prayatna kruuNgaa| unhoMne hiMsA ke bhayAvaha rUpa ko logoM ke sAmane rakhakara apane pichale janmoM kA varNana kiyA [13vA~ srg]| unhoMne samasta vaibhava ko chor3a raivataka ( girinAra) parvata para jAkara munivrata le liyA aura ghora tapasyA kI jisake phalasvarUpa unheM kevalajJAna ( pUrNa jJAna) huA [ 14vA~ srg]| isake bAda bhabya jIvoM ke kalyANa ke lie samavasaraNa sabhA dvArA upadeza denA prArambha kiyaa| rAjImatI ne bhI jinadIcA lekara apane karmabandhana kATe (15.87) / aneka vyaktiyoM ne unase munivrata svIkAra kara liyA aura kucha logoM ne shraavkvt| sAmAnyataya kAvyoM kA uddezya anurAga kI zikSA denA hai para jaina kAvyoM meM yaha bAta pUrNatayA caritArtha nahIM hotI hai| yaha kAvya anurakti se virakti kI ora jAne kI zikSA detA hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla-nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI kI kAvyamAlA meM prakAzita neminirvANakAvya meM sargAnta paMktiyoM meM isa kAvya ke racayitA kA nAma vAgbhaTa

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480 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa diyA gayA hai para kavi ke paricaya ke lie koI prazasti nahIM dI gii| kintu hastalikhita pratiyoM meM nimnalikhita eka zloka kI prazasti milatI hai jisase kavi kA bahuta thor3A paricaya mila jAtA hai : ahicchatrapurotpannaprAgvATakulazAlinaH / chAhaDasya sutazcakre prabandhaM vAgbhaTaH kaviH / / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki neminirvANa ke kartA vAgbhaTa chAhaDa ke putra the tathA prAgvATa yA poravADa kula ke the aura ahicchatrapura' meM utpanna hue the| inhoMne na to apane kisI guru Adi kA nAma likhA hai aura na koI anya paricaya hI diyA hai| apane kisI pUrvavartI kavi yA AcArya kA bhI kahIM smaraNa nahIM kiyA hai, jisase inake samaya para kucha prakAza DAlA jA ske| grantha ke antarvIkSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki ye vAgbhaTa digambara sampradAya ke the| kAvya ke prArambha ke maMgalAcaraNa meM mallinAtha tIrthakara ko ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA kA suta (zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anusAra sutA nahIM) mAnA hai tathA dUsare sarga meM digambaramAnya 16 svapnoM kA varNana hai| isase unakA diga0 sampradAya kA honA nizcita hai / isa kAvya para diga. bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa kI eka paMjikA TIkA upalabdha hai| aura koI TIkA prApta nahIM huii| isa kAvya para mAgha ke zizupAlavadha kI spaSTa chAyA hai jo ki chaThe sarga se 10veM sarga taka dekhI jA sakatI hai| kAvya kI viSayavastu ra bhadra ke uttarapurANa se 1. bhArA ke jaina siddhAnta bhavana meM saM0 1727, pauSa kRSNA aSTamI zukravAra ko likhI prati meM (jaina hitaiSI, bhAga 15, aMka 3-4, pR0 79); zravaNavelgola ke sva. paM0 dau* jinadAsa zAstrI ke pustakAlaya meM prApta prati meM (jaina hitaiSI, bhAga 11, aMka 7-8, pR0 482); gulAlavAr3I, bambaI ke bIsapaMthI jaina mandira ke bhaNDAra meM isa kAvya kI tIna pratiyoM (naM0 20, 64, 65) meM jinheM sva0 paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne dekhA thA (jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 327 para ttippnn)| 2, ahicchatrapura uttara pradeza ke jilA barelI kA rAmanagara mAnA jAtA hai parantu gau0 hIrAcandra ojhA ke anusAra nAgaura (jodhapura) kA purAnA nAma nAgapura yA bhahicchatrapura thaa| kavi vAgbhaTa prathama kA janma-sthAna nAgaura hI honA caahie|

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lalita vAGmaya 181 gRhIta mAlUma hotI hai| isase ye avazya unake bAda hue haiN| candraprabhacarita mahAkAvya ke racayitA vIranandi (11vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdha) vAgbhaTa kI zailI se avazya prabhAvita the tathA vAgbhaTAlaMkAra meM neminirvANa ke aneka padyoM ko udAharaNasvarUpa uddhRta kiyA gayA hai|' isase neminirvANa kI racanA ina donoM se bAda kI nahIM ho sktii| isase vAgbhaTa kA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI honA caahiye| terahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM mahAkavi haricandra ne apane mahAkAvya dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM aneka sthAnoM meM neminirvANa se pracura mAtrA meM bhAva, bhASA evaM zabda liye haiN| candraprabhacaritamahAkAvya : isameM aSTama tIrthakara candraprabha ke carita ko mahAkAvyatva kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| isameM 18 sarga haiM jinameM padyoM kI kula saMkhyA 1691 hai / anta meM granthakartA kI prazasti ke 6 padya alaga se diye gaye haiN| sabhI sargoM ke antima padyoM meM 'udaya' zabda AyA hai ataH yaha kAvya udayAGka hai|' candraprabhacarita kI kathAvastu kA mukhya AdhAra uttarapurANa hai jisake 54veM parva meM candraprabha ke kula milAkara sAta bhavoM kA varNana hai| isI ke anta meM kevala eka zloka meM una sAtoM bhavoM ke nAma krama se diye gaye haiM : 1. jaise vAgbhaTAlaMkAra 28=neminirvANa 7-16, 30 =7-50, 32%6-51; 33= 7-25; 34 = 6-46, 39 =6-47, 40 =7-26, 63 =10-25, 69=10-35, 2. jaina sandeza, zodhAGka 8, pR0 285.286, paM0 amRtalAla jaina kA lekha : vAgbhaTa aura haricandra meM pUrvavartI kauna / inhIM pramANoM ke AdhAra para DA. nemicandra zAstrI ne neminirvANa mahAkAvya ko candraprabhacarita aura dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke bAda kI racanA mAnA hai : dekheM-saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 282-283. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 119, kAvyamAlA, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 19:2; jIvarAja granthamAlA, solApura, 1970, isake mahAkAvyatva ke lie dekheM saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 81 prabhRti. 1. iti zrIvIranandikRtAvudayAGke candraprabhacarite mahAkAvye.... 'sargaH / 31

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zrIvarmA zrIdharo devo'jitaseno'cyutAdhipaH / padmanAbho'hamindro'smAn pAtu candraprabhaH prbhuH|| isI krama ke anusAra isa kAvya meM bhI candraprabha kA carita diyA gayA hai aura prazasti-padyoM ke anta meM eka zArdUlavikrIDita meM kramazaH sAtoM bhavoM kA ullekha kiyA hai: yaH zrIvarmanRpo babhUva vibudhaH saudharmakalpe tatastasmAccAjitasenacakrabhRdabhUdyazcAcyutendrastataH / yazcAjAyata padmanAbhanRpatiryo vaijayantezvaro, yaH syAttIrthakaraH sa saptamabhave candraprabhaH pAtu nH|| grantha ke prArambha meM 6 padyoM meM maMgalAcaraNa, do padyoM meM sajana-durjana carcA tathA do meM apanI laghutA ke bAda pA~caveM bhava ke jIva padmanAbha kI kathA se viSayavastu prArambha hotI hai ( 1 srg)| padmanAbha zrIdhara muni se apane pUrva bhavoM ko sunatA hai ( 2 srg)| isake bAda candraprabha ke sAtaveM bhava pUrva ke jIva zrIvarmA kA varNana hai jo tapasyA kara zrIdhara deva hotA hai (3-4 sg)| zrIdhara kA jIva ajitaMjaya rAjA aura ajitasenA se ajitasena rAjakumAra hotA hai| use yuvarAja padavI milatI hai| usakA candraruci nAmaka asura apaharaNa karatA hai (5vA~ srg)| tatpazcAt asura dvArA ajitasena ko manoramA sarovara meM girAyA jAnA, phira aTavI parvata meM bhaTakanA, yuddha-varNana, vivAha-varNana, phira apane nagara meM lauTa AnA Adi varNana (6 saga); ajitasena ko lokottara aizvaryaprApti, rAjyAbhiSeka, digvijayayAtrA Adi kA varNana (7 sarga) diyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt vasanta, upavana-vihAra, jalakeli, sAyaMkAla, candrodaya, rAtrikrIr3A, nizAvasAna-varNana (8-10 sarga), rAjA kA sabhA meM AnA, gajakrIr3A dekhanA tathA gaja dvArA eka kI mRtyu dekha vairAgya, tapasyA-varNana, marakara acyutendra honA, usake bAda padmanAbha kA janma (pA~caveM bhava kA jIva), padmanAbha kA apane pUrva bhavoM ke prati muni ke upadeza meM sandeha, vanakeli gaja kA AnA aura use vaza meM karanA (11 sarga), pRthvIpAla rAjA ke dUta kA gaja ke lie AnA aura tarka prastuta karanA, rAjA ke izAre para yuvarAja kI ukti-pratyuktiyA~ tathA mantravicAravarNana (12 sarga), pRthvIpAla para abhiyAna, rAste meM prApta nadI (11 varga), maNikUTa parvata evaM senA saMnniveza kA varNana tathA senAsahita pRthvIpAla narapati kA Agamana (14 sarga), saMgrAma tathA pRthvIpAla rAjA kA vadha, zatru ke kaTe sira ko dekhakara padmanAbha kA vairAgya aura apane putra ko rAjyabhAra dekara vapasyA,

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lalita vAGmaya 483 zarIra chor3akara ahamindra honA Adi varNana (15 sarga), pUrva deza kI candrapurI nagarI meM mahArAjA mahAsena aura mahArAnI lakSmaNA se putrarUpa meM garbhagrahaNa (16 sarga), candraprabha jina kI utpatti, janmakalyANaka, bAlakrIr3A, vivAha, sAmrAjyalAbha, saMsAra kI asAratA, tapagrahaNa Adi (17 sarga) jaina siddhAntoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana diyA gayA hai| kAvya kI varNya-vastu ko dekhane se lagatA hai ki isameM mahAkAvyocita sabhI guNoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM prasaGgataH anya rasoM kA prayoga huA hai para zAntarasa ko mukhyatA pradAna kI gaI hai| zeSa rasa aMga banakara raha gaye haiM, aMgI nahIM bana sake / granthakAra evaM racanAkAla-prastuta kRti ke racayitA AcArya vIranandi haiM jinakI yahI ekamAtra kRti upalabdha hai| inakI guruparamparA grantha ke pIche prazasti meM dI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki AcArasAra ke kartA vIranandi jinake guru meghanandi the tathA mahendrakIrti ke ziSya eka anya vIranandi inase bhinna the| ___ isa kAvya kI prazasti meM vIranandi ke guru kA nAma abhayanandi diyA gayA hai jinake guru vibudhaguNanandi the| vibudhaguNanandi ke guru kA nAma guNanandi thaa| ye dezIyagaNa ke AcArya the| prazasti meM likhA hai ki vIranandi ne apane buddhibala se samasta vAGmaya ko AtmasAt kara liyA thA-ve sarvatantra svatantra the| sajjanoM kI sabhAoM meM kutarko ke lie aMkuza ke samAna unake vacana sadA vijayI the, isa kAraNa unakA yaza bhI khUba thaa| 1. DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yoga dAna, pR0 81 prabhRti. babhUva bhavyAmbujapanabandhuH patirmunInAM gaNabhRtsamAnaH / sadagraNIrdezagaNAgragaNyo guNAkaraH zrIguNanandinAmA // 1 // guNagrAmAmbhodheH sukRtavasatermitramahasA ___ masAdhyaM yasyAsIna kimapi mahIzAsituriva / sa tacchiSyo jyeSThaH zizirakarasaumyaH samabhava spavikhyAto nAmnA vibudhaguNanandIti bhuvane // 2 // munijananutapAdaH prAstamithyApravAdaH sakalaguNasamRdastasya ziSyaH prasidaH /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa / abhayanandi ke ziSya hone ke nAte vIranandi aura gommaTasAra ke kartA nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI donoM satIrthya the / nemicandra si0 ca0 unase bar3e prabhAvita the| unhoMne karmakANDa meM inakA tIna bAra sasammAna ullekha kiyA hai / ' apane sahAdhyAyI dvArA maMgalAcaraNa prasaGgoM meM isa prakAra kA smaraNa vIranandi kI pratiSThA kA dyotaka hai / isake atirikta prasiddha dArzanika aura viziSTa kavi vAdirAjasUri ne apane kAvya pArzvanAthacarita' meM inake nAma aura kRti kI prazaMsA kI hai / kavi dAmodara ne apanI kRti candraprabhacarita' meM inheM vandana karate hue kavIza kahA tathA paNDita govinda ne inakA ullekha apanI racanA ke prArambha meM dhanaJjaya, asaga aura haricandra se pahale kiyA hai / kavi AzAvara ne apanI kRti sAgAradharmAmRta' meM candraprabhacarita kA eka padya uddhRta kiyA hai / mahAkavi haricandra ne dharmazarmAbhyudaya kI rUparekhA prAyaH candraprabhacarita ko sAmane rakhakara banAI thI / vIranandi ne apane grantha meM apane pUrvavartI kinhIM kaviyoM aura kRtiyoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| isase jJAta hotA hai ki inakA samakAlIna aura paravartI AcAryoM aura kaviyoM para bar3A prabhAva thA / phira bhI neminirvANa kA una para kucha prabhAva avazya thA / 484 cU~ki vIranandi nemicandra si0 ca0 ke satIrthya the isalie unakA samaya vahI honA cAhiye jo unake sahAdhyAyI kA thA / nemicandra ne karmakANDa kI racanA abhavada bhayanandI jainadharmAbhinandI svamahimajitasindhurbhavyalokaikabandhuH // 3 // bhavyAmbhojavibodhanodyatamaterbhAsvatsamA natviSaH ziSyastasya guNAkarasya sudhiyaH zrIvIranandItyabhUt / svAdhInAkhilavAGmayasya bhuvanaprakhyAtakIrte: satAm saMsatsu vyajayanta yasya jayino vAcaH kutarkAGkuzAH // 4 // zabdArthasundaraM tena racitaM cArucetasA / zrI jinenduprabhasyedaM caritaM racanojjvalam / / 5 / 1. karmakANDa, gAthA 436, 785, 896. 2. pArzvanAthacarita, 1.30. 3. candraprabhacarita, 1. 19. 9. puruSArthAnuzAsana, 22. 1. 11 kI vyAkhyA meM candraprabhacarita kA 4.38.

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lalita vAGmaya 485 senApati cAmuNDarAya kI preraNA se kI thii| isa cAmuNDarAma ne gommaTasvAmI kI mUrti kI pratiSThA caitra zukla paMcamI ravivAra arthAt 22 mArca san 1028 meM zravaNabelagola nAmaka sthAna meM kI thI ataH vIranandi kA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI kA prArambha mAnA jA sakatA hai| vardhamAnacarita: ____ isameM bhaga0 mahAvIra kA vartamAna bhava aura pUrvajanmoM meM marIci, vizvanandI, azvagrIva, tripRSTha, siMha, kapiSTha, hariSeNa, sUryaprabha Adi kI kathAe~ varNita haiN| ___ isakI kathAvastu yadyapi uttarapurANa ke 74veM parva se lI gaI hai para kavi ne kathAvastu ko mahAkAvyocita banAne ke lie kATa-chA~Ta bhI kI hai| kavi asaga ne pururavA aura marIci ke AkhyAna ko chor3a diyA hai aura zvetAtapatrA nagarI ke rAjA nandivardhana ke AMgana meM putra janmotsava se kathAnaka prArambha kiyA hai| yaha Arambhasthala bahuta hI ramaNIya bana par3A hai| pUrva bhavAvali kA prArambhika aMza ghaTita rUpa meM na dikhalAkara munirAja ke mukha se kahalAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra uttarapurANa kI kathAvastu akSuNNa raha gaI hai| kavi ne isa bAta kA pUrNa prayatna kiyA hai ki paurANika kathAnaka mahAkAvya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara ske| isa mahAkAvya meM jIvana ke pradhAna tattvoM kI vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai yathA-pitA-putra kA sneha nandivardhana aura nandana ke jIvana meM, bhAI kA sneha vizvabhUti aura vizAkhabhUti ke jIvana meM, pati-patnI kA sneha tripRSTha aura svayamprabhA ke jIvana meM, vividha bhoga-vilAsa hariSeNa ke jIvana meM aura zaurya evaM adbhuta kAryoM kA varNana tripRSTha ke jIvana meN| isa kAvya kI mahAkAvyocita garimAmayI udAtta zailI hai aura gambhIra rasavyaMjanA bhI isameM vidyamAna hai| sAtha hI saMdhyA, prabhAta, madhyAhna, rAtri, vana, sUrya, nadI, parvata Adi kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 342, sampAdana aura marAThI anuvAda-jinadAsa pArzva nAtha phaDakule, prakAzaka-rAvajI sakhArAma dozI, solApura, 1931, hindI anuvAda-paM. khUbacandra zAstrI, prakAzaka-mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA, sUrata, 1918, isakA saMkSipta ullekha pahale pR0 126 meM kara mAye haiN| yahA~ vizeSa paricaya prastuta hai| 2. saMskRta kAgya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR. 150-152.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahAkavi ne isa kAvya ko vividha alaMkAroM' aura chaMdoM se bhI sajAyA hai / vardhamAnacarita para pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / isakI zailI prAyaH bhAravi ke kirAtArjunIyam se milatI-julatI hai| raghuvaMza, zizupAlavadha, candraprabhacarita, neminirvANa Adi kAvyoM kA yatkiMcit sAdRzya bhI dikhAI detA hai / 486 racayitA evaM racanAkAla - kavi ke eka anya kAvyagrantha zAntinAthacarita kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA asaga kavi the / unake pitA kA nAma paTumati aura mAtA kA nAma vaireti thA / kavi ke guru kA nAma nAganandi thA / kavi ne zrInAtha ke rAjyakAla meM colarAjya kI vibhinna nagariyoM meM ATha graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| vardhamAnacarita kI prazasti ke anusAra isa kAvya kA racanAkAla zaka saMvat 910 ( I0 san 988 ) hai / kavi ke guru nAganandi saMbhavataH ve hI nAganandi hoM jinakA ullekha zravaNabelagola ke 108veM zilAlekha meM nandisaMgha ke AcArya ke rUpa meM hai / para nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI se unake sambandha meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hotA / dharmazarmAbhyudaya : isa mahAkAvya meM pandrahaveM tIrthakara dharmanAtha kA jIvanacarita varNita hai / isameM 21 sarga haiM jinameM kula milAkara 1765 padya haiM / anta meM granthakartA kI prazasti 10 padyoM meM dI gaI hai| isa kAvya kI kathAvastu kA AdhAra AcArya guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa kA 61vA~ parva hai jisameM dharmanAtha kA carita kevala 52 padyoM meM varNita hai jinameM dharmanAtha ke kevala do pUrva bhavoM aura vartamAna bhava kA varNana hai / " 1. isa mahAkAvya ke alaMkAroM ke parizIlana ke lie dekheM --- saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 153-161. 2. chandoM ke lie bhI vahI, pR0 161. 3. kAvyamAlA 8, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1933; jinaratnakoza, pR0. 193; hindI anuvAda - paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcAryakRta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI. uttarapurANa, parva 61.54. 4

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lalita vAGmaya 487 itanI choTI kathAvastu ko lekara sarasa, sundara zabdAvalI, manohara bhAvoM aura kalpanA ke sahAre eka vizAla kAvya kI sRSTi kavi kI vizAla pratibhA kA hI pratiphala hai| kathA prArambha karane ke pahale 9 padyoM dvArA maMgalAcaraNa, apanI ladhutA, kAvya kA sAra-niHsAra, sajjana-durjana nirUpaNa Adi 22 padyoM dvArA karake uttara kozala deza ke ratnapura nagara kA varNana hai| dUsare sarga meM rAjA mahAsena aura rAnI suvratA kI putrAbhAvajanya cintA tathA vanapAla dvArA udyAna meM cAraNa muni ke Agamana kI sUcanA pAne kA varNana hai| tIsare sarga meM purajana-parijana sameta rAjA kA munidarzana ke lie jAnA aura unase apane viSaya meM tIrthakara ke pitA hone kI bhaviSyavANI sunanA varNita hai| cauthe sarga meM rAjA ke anurodha para muni tIrthakara dharmanAtha ke do pUrva bhavoM kA vRttAnta sunAte haiM aura sarvArthasiddhi vimAna se cyuta hokara mahAganI suvratA ke garbha meM Ane kI bAta kahate haiN| pA~caveM sarga meM lakSmI Adi deviyoM dvArA suvratA kI paricaryA, suvratA dvArA 16 svapnoM kA darzana tathA garbhadhAraNa hone para devatAoM dvArA pUjA-utsava kA varNana hai| chaThe se AThaveM sarga taka janmakalyANaka, janmAbhiSeka Adi kA varNana hai| nave sarga meM bAlyakAla se yuvAvasthA prApta karane tathA svayaMvara ke lie vidarbha deza ke lie prasthAna tathA mArga meM prApta gaMgA kA varNana hai| dasarve' sarga meM mArga meM kinnarendra kI prArthanA para dharmanAtha kA vindhyagiri meM vizrAma tathA vahA~ kuvera nagarI kI racanA Adi kA varNana hai| gyArahaveM sarga meM dharmanAtha kI sevA ke lie upasthita chaH RtuoM kA varNana hai / bArahaveM sarga meM vanasuSamA evaM puSpAvacaya kA varNana, terahave sarga meM narmadA nadI meM jalakrIr3A kA varNana, caudahaveM meM saMdhyA, rAtri, candrodaya Adi kA varNana. pandrahaveM meM madyapAna evaM sambhoga-zRMgAra kA varNana, solahaveM sarga meM prabhAta-varNana tathA dharmanAtha kA vidarbha kI ora prasthAna, vidarbha deza kA varNana tathA vidarbha nareza se samAgama dikhAyA gayA hai / satrahaveM sarga meM svayaMvara kA varNana, rAjakanyA indumatI dvArA dharmanAtha kA varaNa, vivAha-varNana tathA patnI sahita svadeza lauTanA varNita hai / aThArahaveM sarga meM dharmanAtha kA nagara-praveza, pitA mahAsena dvArA dIkSAgrahaNa tathA dharmanAtha ke rAjyAbhiSeka kA varNana hai| unnIsaveM sarga meM dharmanAtha ke senApati suSeNa kA vidarbha meM anya rAjAoM ke sAtha yuddha aura vijaya prApta kara lauTane kA varNana hai| bIsaveM sarga meM dharmanAtha kA ulkApAta dekhakara 1. dasaveM se solahaveM sarga taka mAghakRta zizupAlavadha kI zailI kA prabhAva spaSTa draSTavya hai|

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488 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa virakta honA, dIkSA, tapasyA, kevalajJAna, samavasaraNa kA varNana hai aura ikkIsaveM meM dharmadezanA, bhramaNa tathA mokSagamana kA varNana hai| ___ kathAnaka ke uparyukta vizleSaNa se jJAta hAtA hai ki kitane choTe kathAnaka ko lekara kavi ne mahAkAvya kA vistRta rUpa diyA hai| isameM pahale se chaThe sarga taka paramparAgata kathA kI pramukhatA hai, kintu bAda ke sargoM meM kathAvastu ko gauNa kara alaMkRta varNana pramukha ho gaye haiN| dasa se solaha sargoM meM mahAkAvyIya viSayoM kA varNana huA hai| satraha se bIsa sargoM meM punaH kathAvastu kA krama liyA gayA hai| prastuta kAvya ke kathAnaka ke laghu hone para bhI kavi ne apane pAtroM kA caritra-citraNa acchI taraha kiyA hai| isameM dharmanAtha, mahAsena, suvratA, caraNamuni aura suSeNa ye pA~ca hI pAtra pramukharUpa se dikhAI par3ate hai| isI taraha prAkRtika varNana karane meM kavi bahuta saphala rahA hai| usakA kSetra isa viSaya meM bahuta vyApaka hai|' pAtroM kA saundarya-citraNa bhI kavi ne yathAsthAna prastuta kiyA hai| kavi ne yatra-tatra tatkAlIna sAmAjika sthiti kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai| usane isa kAvya ke cauthe aura ikkIsaveM sarga meM jainadharma aura darzana ke pramukha siddhAntoM kA varNana kiyA hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya ramaNIya bhAvoM aura kalpanAoM kA vizAla bhaNDAra hai| isameM vividha rasoM vizeSakara zAnta aura zRMgAra kA acchA paripAka huA hai| navama sarga meM vAtsalyarasa, satrahaveM meM zRMgArarasa, unnIsaveM meM vIrarasa tathA bIsaveM meM zAntarasa kI mArmika abhivyaMjanA huI hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA atyanta praur3ha aura parimArjita hai| bhASA para kavi kA asAdhAraNa adhikAra dikhAI par3atA hai| bhASA meM svAbhAvikatA aura sajIvatA ke darzana hote haiN| yathAsthAna mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda tInoM guNoM kA prayoga huA hai para mAdhurya sampUrNa kAvya meM chAyA huA hai| kAvya paramparA ke anusAra isa kAvya meM bhI eka sarga ( 19vA~) pANDityapradarzana aura zabdakor3A ke lie racA gayA hai| isameM vividha citrakAvyoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai yathA-gomUtrika, ardhabhrama, murajabaMdha, sarvatobhadra, SoDazadalakamala tathA cakrabaMdha Adi / isI 1. sarga 2. 77, 3. 26-27, 33-34, 10. 9, 11.72; 14. 8, 39; 16. 18, 45-46 bhAdi. 2. sarga 2. 15, 19, 4. 28 Adi.

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lalita vAGmaya 489 taraha ekAkSara, dvathakSara, niroSThaya, atAlavya akSaroM dvArA padyaracanA prastuta kI gaI hai| uparyukta citrAlaMkAroM ke atirikta kavi ne vividha alaMkAroM kI yojanA kI hai jinameM svAbhAvikatA kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa aura yamaka kA prayoga pracura huA hai aura arthAlaMkAroM meM sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka aura arthAntaranyAsa kA prayoga bahuta huA hai / chandoM ke prayoga meM kavi kA kSetra vyApaka hai| usane 25 chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / pratyeka saga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga kara sargAnta meM chandaparivartana kiyA gayA hai / dasarve sarga meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kAvya meM upajAti, anuSTup aura vaMzastha kA prayoga sarvAdhika huA hai| kavi ne apane isa kAvya meM yadyapi pUrvavartI kisI kavi, granthakAra yA granthoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai phira bhI isake nirIkSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki isa para mAgha ke zizupAlavadha, vAgbhaTa ke neminirvANa tathA vIranandi ke candraprabhacarita kA prabhAva pracuramAtrA meM vidyamAna hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke nimna padya neminirvANa ke nimna padyoM se tulanIya haiM : (1) 4. 29 1. 70 (2) 5.2 2.2 2. 39 (4) (5) 6. 20 4. 23 (6) 7.1 (7) 3. 52 5. 68 dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke nimna padya candraprabhacarita ke nimna padyoM se tulanIya haiM : (1) 21.8 18. 2 (2) 21. 90 18. 78 (3) 21. 99 18.88 isI taraha dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke caturtha sarga tathA candraprabhacarita kI dArzanika carcA ke padya tulanIya haiM / ___kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-kAvya ke 19veM sarga ke aneka citrabandhoM meM tathA 21veM sarga ke antima padya meM isake racayitA kA nAma haricandra diyA gayA

Page #503
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai / kavi ne 10 padyoM kI prazasti dvArA bhI grantha ke anta meM apanA paricaya diyA hai ki zrIsampanna bar3I bhArI mahimA vAlA aura sAre jagat kA avataMsa - rUpa nomakoM kA vaMza hai jisake hastAvalambana se rAjyalakSmI vRddha hone para bhI durgapatha se skhalita nahIM huI / kAyastha kula meM Ardradeva nAma ke puruSaratna hue jinakI patnI kA nAma rathyA thA tathA unase haricandra nAma kA putra huA jo arahaMta bhagavAn ke caraNakamaloM kA bhramara thA aura jisakI vANI sArasvata srota meM nirmala ho gaI thI / apane bhAI lakSmaNa kI bhakti aura zakti se haricandra usI taraha nirvyAkula hokara zAstrasamudra ke pAra ho gaye jisa taraha rAma lakSmaNa ke dvArA setu pAra hue the / ' prazasti se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki kavi eka rAjyamAnya kula ke the aura yaha rAjyamAnyatA unake yahA~ pIr3hI se calI A rahI thI / kavi ne mAtA-pitA, apane nAma aura anuja ke nAma ke atirikta apane vaMza kA tathA apane pUrvaja guruoM aura AcAryoM kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA / ve kahA~ ke rahanevAle the yaha bhI ukta prazasti se jJAta nahIM hotA / kavi kisa sampradAya ke the yaha bhI unakI prazasti se nahIM mAlUma hotA para grantha ke antavakSaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki ve digambara mata ke anurAgI the| unhoMne isa kAvya kI kathA uttarapurANa se lI thI, dharmadezanA ke prasaMga meM unhoMne candraprabhacarita kI zailI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, neminirvANa kAvya ke aneka padyoM se bhI isa kAvya ke aneka padya milate haiM, tathA pA~cave sarga meM digambaramAnya 16 svapnoM kA varNana hai, tIsare sarga ke 8veM zloka meM digambara sAdhu kA samAgama Adi inake digambara matAnuyAyI hone ke sUcaka haiN| para ve kaTTara digambara na the / unhoMne zvetAmbara granthoM kA tathA jainetara granthoM kA bhI adhyayana kiyA thA / antima ( 21veM ) sarga meM jina kharakarmoM kA ullekha hai ve hemacandra ke yogazAstra para avalambita haiM / 490 kavi kA adhyayana vizAla thA / usane apanI kRti ke nirmANa meM tattvArthasUtra, AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, yazastilakacampU, gadyacintAmaNi, candraprabhacarita, 1. prazasti, padya 1-5. 2. digambarapadaprAntaM rAjApi sahakAntayA. 3. ( 1 ) dha0 za0, sarga 21, zloka 131 = yo0 zA0, pR0 166. (2) dha0 za0, sarga 21, zloka 136 = yo0 zA0, tR0 pra0, pR0 493.. sarga 21, zloka 145 = yo0 zA0, tR0 pra0, pR0 560.. sarga 21, zloka 146 = yo0 zA0, tR0 pra0, pR0 569. (3) dha0 za0, (4) dha0 za0,

Page #504
lalita vAGmaya neminirvANa, yogazAstra, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita prabhRti jaina granthoM kA tathA raghuvaMza, kumArasaMbhava, nAgAnandanATaka, harSacarita, kAdambarI, dazakumAracarita, gauDavaha, zizupAlavadha', nalacampU , naiSadhIyacarita, dhanyAloka, kAvyaprakAza tathA hindUpurANa, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, kAmazAstra, koSa, vyAkaraNa evaM alaMkArazAstra ke granthoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thA aura dharmazarmAbhyudaya kI racanA meM ghora parizrama kiyA thaa| isIlie ve apanI granthaprazasti ke antima pada meM likhate haiM-'bhavantu ca zramavidaH sarve kavInAM janAH2 arthAt sabhI loga kaviyoM ke parizrama ko samajheM / haricandra ne alaMkArazAstra kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyA thA para rasadhvani sampradAya ke sArthavAha-mukhiyA the ( rasadhvaneradhvani saarthvaahH)| haricandra kI kIrti apane samaya meM hI khUba phaila gaI thii| ve sarasvatIputra samajhe jAne lage the| yadyapi ve anya kaviyoM se pIche hue the para unakI gaNanA pahale hone lagI thii| ye apane samaya meM hI eka adhikArI vidvAn ho gaye the| kazmIra ke eka maMtrI kavi jalhaNa (1247 I.) ne apanI 'subhASitamuktAvali' meM dharmazAbhyudaya kA eka padya uddhata kara inakA 'candrasUri' nAma se ullekha kiyA hai / saMbhava hai 'candra' inakA upanAma rahA ho aura jaina vidvAn hone se inakI 'sUri' upAdhi ho|' isa kAvya kI prazasti meM yA anyatra kahIM dharmazarmAbhyudaya kA racanAkAla nahIM diyA gyaa| phira bhI isakA racanAkAla anya sAdhanoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai / isa kAvya kI prAcInatama hastalikhita prati pATana bhaNDAra se milI hai jisameM prati 1. jarmana vidvAn DA. ha. yAkobI ne viyanA oriyaNTala jarnala, bhAga 3, pR. 138 prabhRti meM 'mAgha aura bhAravi' lekha meM zizupAlavadha ke aneka payoM tathA gauDavaha ke bhaneka padyoM se dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke padyoM kI bhASA aura bhAvoM meM sAmya dikhAyA hai| 2. padya saM0 10 kI antima paMkti. 3. prazastipadya 7. 1. vAgdevatAyAH samavedi sabhyairyaH pazcimo'pi prathamastanUjaH (prazastipadya 6). 5. dharma0 za. ke dvi0 sagaM padya 40 se su. mu. ke pR0 185 meM aMkita padya se tulanA kareMsuhRttamAvekata unnatau stanau gurUnitambo'pyayamanyataH sthitaH / kathaM bhaje kAntimitIva cintayA tatAna tanmadhyamatIva tAnavam //

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492 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa lipi kAla saM0 1287 diyA gayA hai ataH usa samaya se pUrva isakI racanA avazya huI hogii| isakI pUrvAvadhi AcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra ke bAda hI AtI hai kyoMki isa kAvya ke 21ve sarga meM jina kharakarmoM kA ullekha hai ve hemacandra ke yogazAstra para AdhArita haiM, yaha pahale kaha cuke haiN| hemacandra kA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI kA uttara bhAga aura terahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvabhAga hai / isalie haricandra kA samaya terahavIM zatAbdI (vikrama) ke uttara bhAga meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| anumAna hai ki pATana bhaNDAra se upalabdha dharmazarmAbhyudaya kI saM0 1287 kI prati sarvaprathama hai ataH vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki ukta kAvya kI racanA saM0 1257 se 1287 ke bIca kabhI huI hai / ' haricandra nAma ke aneka vidvAn saMskRta sAhitya meM ho gaye haiM para ye unase bhinna aura paravartI vidvAn kavi the| sanatkumAracarita: yaha eka utkRSTa koTi kA mahAkAvya hai| isameM sanatkumAra cakravartI kA carita manohara zailI meM varNita hai| isa mahAkAvya meM 24 sarga haiN| isa kAthya meM 'ghaTanAoM kA Adhikya, unakA samudita vikAsa tathA pAtroM kI karmazIlatA ke kAraNa nATaka par3hane jaisA Ananda milatA hai| __kathAvastu isa prakAra prArambha hotI hai : 1-3 sarga meM kAMcanapura kA nareza 'vikramayaza apane nagara ke vaNika nAgadatta kI sundara patnI viSNuzrI ko apaharaNa kara usake premavaza hAkara apanI anya rAniyoM kI upekSA karatA hai| rAniyA~ mAntrika vidhi se viSNuzrI ko maravA DAlatI haiN| rAjA usake antima darzana karane zmazAna jAtA hai para viSNuzrI ke zava se bhayaMkara dugandha ke kAraNa virakta hokara tapasyA kara svarga jAtA hai| 4-6 sargoM meM vikramayaza aura nAgadatta ke jIvoM meM deva aura manuSya bhavoM meM pratizodha kA varNana hai / 7ve sarga meM vikramayaza kA jIva hastinApura ke rAjA ke kumAra ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| AThave saga meM usakA nAmakaraNa sanatkumAra aura yuvaka hone para use yuvarAja banAne kA 1. jaina sandeza, zodhAGka 7, pR. 251-254, paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI kA lekha : mahAkavi haricandra. 2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 412; vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM-terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya (DA. zyAmazaMkara dIkSita), pR. 222-249.

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493: lalita vAGmaya varNana hai / 9 - 11 veM sarga meM sanatkumAra kA apaharaNa, usake mitra mahendra dvArA khoja tathA prApti kA varNana hai / 12 - 22 sarga meM sanatkumAra ke saMketa para usakI patnI bakulamatI sanatkumAra ke azva dvArA apaharaNa se lekara sanatkumAra dvArA yakSa vijaya, bhAnuvega kI aSTa kanyAoM se vivAha Adi, azanighoSa se yuddha aura bakulamatI Adi kanyAoM se vivAha kA varNana karatI hai| isI prasaMga meM caudahaveM aura solahaveM sarga meM kramazaH candrodaya aura zarad Rtu kA varNana hai / bAIsaveM sarga ke anta meM sUcanA milatI hai ki sanatkumAra apane mAtA-pitA se milane cala detA hai / teIsaveM sarga meM sanatkumAra kA nagara praveza, kucha samaya bAda eka deva kA sanatkumAra ke saundarya ko dekhane AnA aura usakI kAnti ko acAnaka kSINa hote dekha 6 mAsa meM mRtyu kI sambhAvanA kahakara jAnA, ise sunakara sanatkumAra kA virakta honA varNita hai / caubIsa parva meM sanatkumAra kA vrata upavAsa karanA, usake zarIra meM sAtabhayaMkara vyAdhiyoM kA udita honA, deva dvArA parIkSA, anta meM paMcaparameSThi maMtra kA smaraNa kara sanatkumAra kA mokSa jAnA varNita hai / yahIM kAvya samApta hotA hai / isa kAvya kA kathAnaka acchA saMgaThita aura vyavasthita hai / sabhI ghaTanAe~ eka-dUsare se sambaddha haiM jisase kathAnaka meM avicchinnatA aura dhArAvAhikatA vidyamAna hai / isameM anya paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM milanevAle doSoM arthAt. avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA yA lambe varNana kA abhAva hai / sanatkumAracaritra meM aneka pAtra haiM para inameM sanatkumAra kA caritra acchI taraha vikasita huA hai / anya pAtroM meM azvasena ( pitA ), mahendra ( mitra ),. kulamatI (patnI) Adi haiM / prakRticitraNa bhI isa kAvya meM vividha rUpoM meM huA hai| caudahaveM aura solahaveM sarga isa dizA meM acche udAharaNa prastuta karate haiN| anya sargoM meM bhI prakRti ke vyApaka' rUpa milate haiM / saundarya-varNana meM kavi ne nakhazikha kA varNana kiyA hai, usameM bhI nisargasaundarya kA na ki prasAdhana-sAmagrI se alaMkRta saundarya kA / sAmAjika citraNa meM kavi ne vaivAhika rItirivAjoM ke atirikta anya sAmAjika paramparAoM kA varNana prAyaH nahIM kiyA / 1. sarga 10. 61, 59, 64, 65; 11.5, 14; 12.41, 69; 15.14 16. 63.

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494 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isI taraha isa kAvya meM jainadharma ke niyamoM yA dArzanika siddhAntoM kA vivecana bhI nahIM ke barAbara hai| tRtIya sarga meM guNADhyasUri kI dezanA kA saMketa mAtra diyA gayA hai| para parokSarUpa se jainadharma kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karanA isa kAvya kA uddezya hai| isa kAvya kA pradhAna rasa zAntarasa' hai para anya rasoM kI bhI abhivyakti isameM huI hai| aSTama sarga meM sanatkumAra kI bAla-krIr3AoM ke varNana meM vAtsalyarasa' kA sundara udreka huA hai| dasave saga meM sanatkumAra kI khoja ke samaya aTavI ke varNana meM bhayAnakarasa tathA mRta viSNuzrI ke durgandhita zava ke citraNa meM vIbhatsarasa' draSTavya hai| azanighoSa aura sanatkumAra ke madhya yuddha-varNana meM vIrarasa dekhA jA sakatA hai / bhASA, rIti, guNa aura alaMkAra kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kAvya mahanIya hai / bhASA meM garimA aura udAttatA hai| rasoM aura bhAvanAoM ke anukUla bhASA pravAhita huI hai| yatra-tatra muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai| kevala eka sarga 'ikkIsaveM' kI bhASA meM pANDityapradarzana kiyA gayA hai jise samajhane ke lie cauddhika vyAyAma karanA par3atA hai| isameM citrabaMdha ke nAnA udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isI saga meM zabdAlaMkAroM kI chaTA pradarzita kI gaI hai para anya sargoM meM svAbhAvikatA kI rakSA karate hue arthAlaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai| unameM upamA, utprekSA aura rUpaka kA prayoga pracuratA se huA hai| anya alaMkAroM meM sandeza, udAharaNa, saMbhAvanA, vizeSokti, parisaMkhyA, ekAvalI, mudrA Adi draSTavya haiN| - isa mahAkAvya ke sargoM meM prAyaH eka chanda kA hI prayoga huA hai aura sargAnta meM chanda badala diyA gayA hai| katipaya sargoM meM vividha chandoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / isameM kula milAkara cauMtIsa chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| sabase adhika upajAti, anuSTup aura vaMzastha kA prayoga huA hai / apracalita yA alpa 1. sarga 23. 8-11; 16.6, 18. 14-22. 2. sarga 8. 5, 23. 1. sarga 10. 27, 31, 34. 4. sarga 3. 31-35. 5. sarga 20. 6. sarge 1. 84, 2. 3, 88, 90, 5, 4,18. 23.

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lalita vAGmaya 495 pracalita chandoM meM yugmavimalA, maNiguNanikarA, caNDavRSTiprayAtodaNDaka, arNavAkhyadaNDaka, vyAlAkhyadaNDaka Adi haiN| racayitA aura racanAkAla-grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isa mahAkAvya ke racayitA jinapAlagaNi haiM jo candrakula kI pravaravajrazAkhA ke muni the| ve kharataragaccha ke saMsthApaka jinezvarasUri kI paramparA meM jinapatisUri ke ziSya the| kharataragaccha kI bRhadgurvAvali ke anusAra jinapAla ne saM0 1225 meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, saM0 1269 meM jinapatisUri ne unheM upAdhyAya pada pradAna kiyA thA, saM0 1273 meM paM0 manojAnanda ko harAkara jinapAla upAdhyAya ne nagarakoTa ke rAjA pRthvIcandra se jayapatra prApta kiyA thaa| unakA svargavAsa saM0 1311 meM huA thaa| abhayakumAracarita (saM0 1312) ke racayitA candratilakagaNi ko jinapAla upAdhyAya ne dhArmika granthoM ko par3hAyA thaa| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ke anusAra jinapAla upAdhyAya ne saM0 1262 meM SaTasthAnakavRtti kI racanA karane ke bAda isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kI thii| isa kAvya kI prAcIna hastalikhita prati saM0 1278 vaizAkha vadI 5 kI milatI hai| isase sanatkumAracarita kA racanAkAla saM0 1262 se 1278 ke madhya kA samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai| kavi ne ukta kAvya kI racanA bhaktibhAvanA se prerita hokara kI thii| jayantavijaya : isa mahAkAvya meM magadhadeza ke rAjA jayanta aura unakI vijayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 19 sarga haiM aura yaha mahAkAvya 'zrI' zabdAGkita hai| isameM padya saMkhyA 1548 hai jo anuSTubhamAna se 2200 zloka-pramANa hai| 1. kharataragaccha-bRhadgurvAvali (si. jai0 pra0), pR0 44-50. 2. abhayakumAracarita, prazasti, zlo0 38-40. 3. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 395. 4. sarga 24. 112. 5. kAvyamAlA, 75, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI; jai0 dha0 pra0 sa0 bhAvanagara; jinarasnakoza, pR. 133, isake mahAkAvyatva ke lie dekheM-saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 300 prabhRti.

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496 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sargoM ke anusAra isa kAvya kA saMkSipta kathAnaka isa prakAra hai : prArambha meM ATha padyoM dvArA maMgalAcaraNa, 6 padyoM dvArA sajana-durjanasvabhAva-vivecana ke bAda kathA kA Arambha hotA hai| tatpazcAt magadhadeza kI jayantI nagarI ke rAjA vikramasiMha, unakI patnI prItimatI aura mantrI subuddhi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai (1 sgN)| isake bAda hathinI aura zizugaja ko dekhakara rAnI ko santAnaabhAva se udAsInatA, rAjA kI prANoM kI bAjI lagAkara icchApUrti karane kI pratijJA kA varNana hai (2 srg)| mantrI subuddhi pratijJApUrti kA sAdhana paMcaparameSThi mantra ko batAtA hai, udAharaNa ke lie dhanAvaha seTha kI kathA dI gaI hai jisane ukta mantra ke prabhAva se aneka vipattiyA~ pAra kI thIM ( 3 srg)| tatpazcAt rAjA dvArA rAtri meM nagaravIkSA karanA, nArIcotkAra kA anugamana karate namaskAra mantra ke bala se eka devatA ko parAsta karanA aura usase muktAhAra prApta karanA aura Age bar3hakara eka kanyA kI bali ke lie udyata eka yogI ko parAsta kara kanyA prApta karanA varNita hai ( 4 srg)| kanyA ke paricaya se yaha mAlUma karanA ki vaha usakI rAnI kI bahina hai| phira devatA dvArA yogI kA tathA rAjA (vikramasiMha ) ke pUrvajanma kA paricaya denA varNita hai ( 5 srg)| tatpazcAt rAjA dvArA kanyA ko usake pitA ke pAsa lekara jAnA, kanyA ke pitA vikramasiMha (rAjA) ke sAtha usakA vivAha karanA, navavivAhitA patnI ke sAtha rAjA kA apanI rAjadhAnI jayantI nagarI ko lauTanA aura devatA dvArA pradatta mauktika AhAra ko rAnI prItimatI ko denA, rAnI kA garbhadhAraNa karanA aura samaya para use jayanta nAmaka putra honA varNita hai (6 sg)| tatpazcAt jayanta ke yuvA hone para yuvarAja banane tathA vasanta Rtu Ane para vanazrI dekhane upavana jAne kA varNana hai (7 srg)| isake bAda dolAndolana, puSpAvacaya, jalakeli, sUryAsta evaM candrodaya kA varNana hai tathA yuvarAja ke saMdhyAsamaya rAjadhAnI meM lauTane kI sUcanA dI gaI hai (8 sg)| eka samaya siMhalanareza ke hAthI ke jayantI nagarI meM bhAga Ane, usa hAthI ko rAjA dvArA pakar3avAne, siMhalanareza ke mA~gane para vApisa karane se asvIkAra karane tathA siMhalanRpa dvArA AkramaNa karane aura usakA pratirodha karane jayanta kA sasainya jAne kA varNana hai ( 9 srg)| tatpazcAt siMhalanRpa kI mRtyu tathA jayanta kI vijaya-yAtrA kA varNana hai (10 srg)| isake bAda jayanta kI digvijaya kA varNana hai (11 srg)| tatpazcAt eka devatA dvArA gaganavilAsapura ke nareza kI putrI kanakavatI ke vivAhArtha jayanta kA apaharaNa karanA aura usakA eka jinamandira meM pahuMcakara

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lalita vAGmaya dharmasUri muni se dezanA sunanA varNita hai ( 12 sarga ) / tatpazcAt jayanta-kanakavatI ke vivAha kA varNana hai ( 13 sarga ) aura vivAhoparAnta IrSyAvaza AkramaNa karanevAle nareza mahendra kA yuddha meM vadha ( 14 sarga ) kA varNana hai / isake bAda jayanta ke pitA vikramasiMha ko muni ke upadeza se samyaktva kI prApti, eka brAhmaNa kA muni dvArA vAda-vivAda meM parAjaya aura sabhA se niSkAsana, usI samaya jayanta kA pratyAgamana ( 15 sarga ) aura eka svayaMvara meM jAkara ratisundarI kA varaNa ( 16 sarga ), vidyAdevI dvArA jayanta aura ratisundarI ke pUrva bhava kA varNana 17 sarga), kavi ke anusAra jayanta ke dvArA ratisundarI ke samakSa grISma, varSA evaM zarad Rtu kA varNana, ratisundarI ke pitA dvArA jayanta ko hastinApura kA rAjA banAnA varNita hai ( 18 sarga ) / tatpazcAt pitA ke dvArA Amantrita hokara jayanta kA hastinApura se jayantI nagarI pahu~canA, pitA se rAjyabhAra grahaNa karanA, vikramasiMha kA dIkSA grahaNa karanA tathA jayanta dvArA nItipUrvaka prajApAlana karanA aura jinendrabhakti kA pracAra karanA evaM saudharmayati dvArA sammAna pAnA, anta meM satpAtra dAna kA mahattva diyA gayA hai ( 19 sarga ) / 497 isa kAvya kI kathAvastu meM kahIM-kahIM pUrvabhavoM ke varNana ke kAraNa pravAha meM zithilatA-sI dikhatI hai para dhArAvAhikatA avicchinna hai / naveM, dasaveM aura caudahaveM sarga ke yuddha-prasaMgoM meM pAtroM ke kathopakathana se nATakIya sajIvatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / vastutaH jayantavijaya kI kathAsAmagrI sarala, vyApaka evaM sambaddha hai| isameM kaI pAtra haiM para vikramasiMha aura jayanta ke caritra kA acchA vikAsa huA hai / prakRti-citraNa bhI isa kAvya meM vyApaka rUpa se kiyA gayA hai / dezoM aura RtuoM ke varNana meM isake udAtta darzana hote haiM / ' prakRtisaundarya kI bhAMti mAnava saundarya ke vividha pakSoM kA aMkana bhI kavi ne isa kAvya meM kiyA hai| isa kAvya meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika paramparAoM kI jhalaka bhI yatra-tatra mila jAtI hai / isa kAvya kA pradhAna lakSya jayantakathA dvArA paMcaparameSThi namaskAra mantra kI mahimA batAnA hai / kavi ne vaise jainadharma ke niyamoM aura siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana meM adhika vistRta vivaraNa prastuta nahIM kiye haiM phira bhI pandrahaveM sarga meM 9. sarga 8. 60, 68; 12. 33; 14, 15, 18-19, 36, 18.19 Adi. 2. sarga 1 67-69; 13. 35; 17.84. 3.sa 19, 12, 58, 13. 51, 81, 84, 94; 1614. 32

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498 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dhArmika tattvoM kA nirUpaNa pradhAna ho gayA hai| isa nirUpaNa meM kucha zAstrArtha zailI apanA lI gaI hai / tarkoM ke AdhAra para sarvazasiddhi bhI kI gaI hai / ' isa kAvya meM vividha rasoM kA paripAka huA hai| isameM pradhAna rasa vIra hai / vIra rasa ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM raudra aura bhayaMkara rasa kA paripAka huA hai / inake atirikta aMgarUpa meM vAtsalya, zRMgAra aura zAntarasa bhI vidyamAna hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA zuddha aura sarala hai| bhASA para kavi kA pUrNa adhikAra dikhAI detA hai| isameM kliSTatA aura asvAbhAvikatA kA pUrNa abhAva hai / prasaMga ke anukUla rUpaparivartana kI kSamatA isa kAvya kI bhASA kI vizeSatA hai| bhASA meM lokoktiyoM aura sUktiyoM kA acchA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jisase bhASA adhika prabhAvazAlinI ho gaI hai| isI taraha isa kAnya kI bhASA zabdAlaMkAroM aura arthAlaMkAroM se susajjita hai| isameM zrutimadhura anuprAsoM aura yamaka Adi zabdAlaMkAroM ke pracura prayoga hue haiN| arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, atizayokti, sahokti Adi aneka alaMkAroM kI yojanA huI hai| isa kAvya ke pratyeka sarga meM pradhAna rUpa se eka ho chanda kA prayoga huA hai aura sargAnta meM chandaparivartana kara diyA gayA hai| kavi kA priya chanda upajAti mAlUma hotA hai / usakA prayoga prathama, chaThe, dasaveM, caudahaveM, satrahaveM, unnIsaveM sarga meM huA hai / isa kAvya meM kula milAkara 18 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| anuSTubh mAna se isa kAvya kI zlokasaMkhyA 2200 hai / ' prakAzita racanA meM 1548 padya haiN| racayitA aura racanAkAla-kavi ne isa kAvya ke anta meM eka prazasti dI hai| tadanusAra isake racayitA abhayadevasUri haiN| unhoMne ukta prazasti meM apanI guruparamparA dete hue likhA hai ki candragacchIya varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri hue, unake ziSya navAMgITIkAkAra abhayadevasUri hue, unake ziSya prasiddha vidvAn jinavallabhasUri hue aura unake ziSya jinezvarasUri hue jinake ziSya kA 1. sarga 158, 10, 12, 17, 22-42 bhAdi. 2. sarga 10. 27-29, 9. 38-39, 4. 9.12, 14, 16. 37, 6. 96.97 18. 50, 55-56 bhAdi. 3. sarga 5.28, 35, 56, 57, 13. 109, 19, 46. 4. dvAviMzatizatamAna zAstramidaM nirmitaM jayatu / .

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lalita vAGmaya 499 nAma padmendu munirAja thaa| isa kAvya ke racayitA inhIM padmendu munirAja ke ziSya the| ukta prazasti se kavi ke sambandha meM anya bAteM nahIM jJAta hotI haiN| prazasti meM isa kAvya kI racanA kA samaya saM0 1278 likhA hai (dikkarikulagiridinakara (1278) parimitavikramanarezvarasamAyAm ) / naranArAyaNAnanda : yaha kAvya' mahAbhArata ke usa kathA-prasaMga, jisameM zrIkRSNa aura arjuna kI maitrI, raivataka para unakA vihAra tathA anta meM arjuna dvArA subhadrA kA haraNa varNita hai, ko lekara racA gayA hai| isa laghukathAnaka ko zAstrIya mahAkAvya ke anurUpa vyApakarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM 16 sarga haiM aura racanA-parimANa 740 zloka hai| antima sarga prazastisarga hai jisameM kavi ne apanA, apanI vaMzaparamparA tathA apane guru kA paricaya diyA hai| isa sarga kA mUla kathAnaka se koI sambandha nahIM hai / kevala 15 sarga hI mUla kathAnaka se sambaddha haiN| sargoM kA nAma varNya viSaya ke nAma se diyA gayA hai| prathama sarga 'puranRpavarNana' hai| isameM dvAravatI nagarI tathA zrIkRSNa kA varNana hai / dUsare sarga 'samAvarNana' meM arjuna ke prabhAsa tIrtha meM Ane kI sUcanA milatI hai| tIsare sarga 'naranArAyaNa saMgama' meM zrIkRSNa kI arjuna se bheTa tathA pUchane para arjuna dvArA raivataka parvata kA varNana hai| cauthe meM RtuvarNana, pA~cave meM candrodaya, chaThe meM surApAna-surata-varNana aura sAtaveM meM sUryodaya-varNana paramparAgata zailI ke anusAra diye gaye haiN| AThaveM sarga meM balarAma kA apane parivAra aura senA sahita raivataka parvata para Ane kA varNana hai, ise 'senAnivezavarNana' sarga kahA gayA hai| navama sarga meM puSpAvacayaprapaMca arthAt zrIkRSNa-arjuna kA vanakrIr3A ke lie vana meM jAnA tathA striyoM ke jhUloM aura puSpacayanoM kA varNana hai| dasaveM sarga 'subhadrAdarzana' meM jalakrIr3A ke samaya subhadrA aura arjuna kA eka-dUsare ke prati mugdha honA pradarzita hai| gyArahave sarga meM arjuna aura subhadrA kA eka-dUsare ke lie vyAkula honA tathA dUtI ke dvArA donoM kI raivataka parvata para milane kI 1. jinarasnakoza,pR. 201; gAyakavADa oriyaNTala sirIja, bar3audA, 1966: mahAkAvyatva ke lie dekheM-DA. zyAmazaMkara dIkSita, terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya, pR0 97-120, DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 329-350.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yojanA varNita hai| bArahaveM sarga meM subhadrA kA kAmadeva kI pUjA ke lie raivataka parvata para jAnA tathA arjuna dvArA ratha meM baiThA kara usakA apaharaNa, balarAma kI arjuna se yuddha karane kI taiyArI, zrIkRSNa dvArA samajhAnA varNita hai| terahaveM sarga meM senApati sAtyaki kI senA se arjuna kA yuddha aura caudahaveM sarga 'arjunAvajana' meM balarAma aura zrIkRSNa dvArA yuddha zAnta karanA aura pandrahaveM sarga meM balarAma dvArA arjuna ke sAtha subhadrA kA vivAha varNita hai| isa taraha yaha kAvya mahAbhArata ke laghuprasaMga ko mahAkAvyocita vidhi se vistArapUrvaka varNita karatA hai| parvata, Rtu, saMdhyA Adi varNana kathAvastu ke vikAsa meM zithilatA utpanna karate haiN| kathAvastu kI dhArAvAhikatA bhI ina varNanoM se vicchinna huI hai| parantu kavi ne kucha prAcIna kAvyoM-zizupAlavadha evaM kirAtArjunIyam-ko Adarza banAkara apane isa kAvya kI racanA kI hai isalie vaha ina doSoM kA doSI nahIM hai| una kAvyoM meM bhI ye doSa vidyamAna haiN| una kAvyoM kI taraha hI 'naranArAyaNAnanda' meM bhI kathAnaka gauNa aura vastuvyApAravarNana evaM alaMkRta prakRticitraNa pradhAna ho gayA hai / ____ isa kAvya ke sabhI pAtra paurANika haiM ataH unake caritra ke vikAsa meM paurANika rUpa kI rakSA kI gaI hai| isameM zrIkRSNa aura arjuna ke caritra kucha vizeSa mahattva rakhate haiM jo Adi se anta taka dikhAI dete haiN| prakRticitraNa kA bhavya rUpa isa kAvya meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| vibhinna sarga ke sarga isa ora lage haiN| pAtroM ke saundarya-varNana meM kevala subhadrA kA saundaryacitra upasthita kiyA gayA hai, anya pAtroM kA nhiiN| rasa kI dRSTi se isameM zRMgArarasa kI pradhAnatA hai| usake anukUla surApAna, surata, vanakrIr3A, puSpAvacaya, dolA evaM jalakrIr3A kA varNana huA hai| anya rasoM meM raudra, vIra aura bhayAnaka bhI prasaMga-prasaMga para dikhAI par3ate haiN| isa kAvya meM hAsya, karuNa aura zAntarasa kA abhAva hai| __ bhAvAnukUla bhASA, rIti, guNa, alaMkAra aura chandayojanA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha eka bhavya evaM praur3ha kAvya hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA bhAva aura paristhiti ke anusAra hI kahIM komala, kahIM madhura aura kahIM ojasvinI hai| isa kAvya kI bhASAgata vizeSatAoM meM rUpaparivartana kI kSamatA, kAnti aura prasAdaguNatA, citrAtmakatA aura prabhAvotpAdakatA sarvatra dekhane ko milatI hai| isa kAvya meM eka sarga ( 14vA~) aisA bhI hai jahA~ bhASA meM atidurUhatA aura kRtrimatA hai|

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lalita vAGmaya 501 isameM kavi ne pANDitya-pradarzana ke lie zabdoM meM khilavAr3a kiyA hai| kahIM ekAkSara (la) zloka, kahIM dvayakSara ( aura ra, la aura ka), kahIM caturakSara (na, ka, ta aura ra), kahIM SaDakSara (za, ra, va, ya, sa, la) zloka aura kahIM aMtastha akSaroM kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha kisI zloka meM dantya, kiptI meM tAlavya, kisI meM oSThya, kisI meM mUrdhanya, to kisI meM saMyuktAkSaroM kA bahiSkAra kiyA gayA hai| mahAkavi mAgha ke zizupAlavadha ke samAna hI kavi ne isa kAvya ke pUre 14veM sarga ko citrAlaMkAra se citrita kiyA hai| isameM sazara* zarAsanabandha, gomUtrikAbandha, murajabandha, SoDazadalakamalabandha, khaDgabandha, sarvatobhadra, kavinAmAGkazaktibandha Adi kI racanA kI gaI hai| isa taraha 14veM sarga meM zabdAlaGkAroM kI bharamAra hai / isa sarga ke atirikta sarvatra arthAlaMkAra ke prayoga meM kavi ne svAbhAvikatA kA dhyAna rakhA hai| arthAlaMkAra meM upamA, utprekSA, ananvaya, arthAntaranyAsa, atizayokti, parisaMkhyA Adi alaMkAroM ke sundara udAharaNa isa kAvya meM vidyamAna haiN| ___ isa kAvya ke pratyeka sarga meM alaga-alaga chandoM kA prayoga huA hai aura sargAnta meM chanda badale gaye haiN| kula milAkara 21 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| chaThe sarga meM eka azAtanAmA ardhasama varNika chanda (na na ra ya sa bha ra ya) kA prayoga huA hai| kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-kAvya ke antima sarga meM kavi ne prazasti meM apanA, apanI vaMzaparamparA aura guru kA paricaya diyA hai| tadanusAra isake racayitA vastupAla haiM jo gholakA (gujarAta) ke rAjA vIradhavala tathA usake putra vIsaladeva ke mahAmAtya the| ye jaina dharma aura gujarAta ke itihAsa meM advitIya vyakti hue haiN| inake anekavidha guNoM kI prazaMsA tatkAlIna lekhakoM ne khUba kI hai| ye vIra yoddhA aura nipuNa rAjanItiza ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM bar3e vidvAn kavi aura kAvyamarmajJa the| naranArAyaNAnanda ke atirikta zatrujayamaNDana, AdinAthastotra, girinAramaNDana, neminAthastotra, ambikAstotra Adi aneka stotroM kI racanA inhoMne kI thI / inake dvArA racita subhASita balhaNa kI 'sUkti 1. sarga 14.3, 5, 13, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 29, 33, 42 bhAdi. 2. sarga 14.9,11,19, 10, 20, 34. 3. sarga .. 23, 11, 3.1, 8.29, 37, 11.0, 11, 12.54, 66, 09, 13. 28.

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502 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa muktAvalI' aura zAGgaghara kI 'zArGgadharapaddhati' meM uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| 'prabandhaciMtAmaNi' (merutuMga), 'caturviMzatiprabandha' (jayazekhara), 'vastupAlacarita' (jinaharSa) aura 'purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha' Adi granthoM meM bhI vastupAla ko sUktiyA~ milatI haiN| samakAlIna abhilekhoM aura kAvyoM meM vastupAla ke kaI viruda milate haiM, yathA-sarasvatIdharmaputra, kavikuMjara, kavicakravartI, vAgdevatAsuta, kUrcAlasarasvatI, sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa Adi / vaha aneka kaviyoM kA AzrayadAtA bhI thaa| usake sAhityamaNDala meM rAjapurohita somezvara, harihara, nAnAkapaNDita, madana, subhaTa, mantrI yazovIra aura arisiMha the| anya kavi aura vidvAn yathAamaracandrasUri, vijayasenasUri, udayaprabhasUri, naracandrasUri, narendraprabhasUri, bAlacandrasUri, jayasiMhasUri, mANikyacandrasUri Adi munigaNa vastupAla ke ati samparka meM the| prazasti ke anusAra vastupAla kA dUsarA nAma vasantapAla thaa| vaha aNahillapattana ke eka zikSita kuTumba meM utpanna huA thaa| usake prapitAmaha caNDapa gujareza kI rAjasabhA ke darabArI the| usake pitA kA nAma azvarAja yA AzArAja thA tathA mAtA kA nAma kumAradevI thaa| usane mAtA-pitA ke puNyArtha giranAra Adi kaI tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI thii| usake guru vijayasenasUri the| prastuta kAvya kA racanAkAla nahIM diyA gayA hai| vastupAla ne AdinAtha ke do mandiroM kA saM0 1287 (AbU parvata para) aura saM0 1288 (giranAra para) meM nirmANa karAyA thaa| inakA ullekha isa kAvya meM nahIM hai| usane saM0 1277 meM zatrukSaya kI yAtrA kI thI aura AdinAthastotra racA thaa| usake bAda hI isa kAvya kI racanA kI gaI hai| ataH anumAna hotA hai ki saM0 1277 aura 1287 ke bIca usane yaha kAvya racA thaa| vastupAla kA svargavAsa mAgha kRSNA 5 saM0 1296 ( san 1240) meM huA thaa|' 1. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaNDala, pR0 55. 2. vahI, pR0 60-116. 3. sarga 16.18. 4. saga 16. 16. 5. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 394.

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lalita vAGmaya munisuvratakAvya : __ isa kAvya' meM bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvrata svAmI kA jIvanavRtta likhA gayA hai| isake kathAnaka kA AdhAra guNabhadrakRta 'uttarapurANa' hai| isa kAvya kA dUsarA nAma kAvyaratna hai| yaha 10 sargoM meM vibhakta hai jinameM kula milAkara 408 padya haiN| isa prakAra isa choTe kAvya meM munisuvrata svAmI kA garbha-janma se lekara mokSa taka kA jIvanacaritra bar3e rocaka DhaMga se varNita hai| sargoM kA nAma varNita ghaTanA ke anusAra diyA gayA hai| pahale bhagavatabhijana-varNana meM magadha deza aura rAjagRha nagara kA varNana hai| dvitIya meM mAtApitA, tRtIya meM garbhAvataraNa, caturtha meM janmotsava, paMcama meM mandarAcala para zizu ko lAne kA tathA chaThe meM janmAbhiSeka evaM nAmakaraNa kA varNana hai| sAtaveM meM kumArAvasthA, yauvana, vivAha evaM sAmrAjyapada pAne kA varNana hai| AThaveM meM pariniSkramaNa, nave meM tapa kA aura dasaveM meM upadeza tathA muktipada pAne kA varNana hai| isa taraha kathAnaka meM suniyojita vikAsakrama dikhAI par3atA hai| kavi ne anya kAvyoM kI bhAMti pUrvajanmoM ke varNana se kAvya ko bojhila nahIM kiyA hai| isalie isameM dhArAvAhikatA aura gatizIlatA avicchinna hai| isa kAvya meM sumitra (bhaga0 ke pitA), padmAvatI (mAtA) aura munisuvrata ye hI tIna pAtra haiN| inhIM ke caritra kA isameM vikAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa laghukAya kAvya meM vividha prAkRtika dRzyoM ko sthAna dekara use manohara banAne kI ceSTA kI gaI hai|' isI taraha mAnavasaundarya kA bhI citraNa isa kAvya meM kiyA gayA hai, mAtA padmAvatI ke varNana meM ise bhalIbhAMti dekhA jA sakatA hai| vaise yaha zAstrIya zailI kA kAvya hai| isameM ukta zailI ke mahAkAvyoM kI taraha vistRta vastuvarNana tathA kAvyAtmakatA adhika hai aura kavi kA alaMkAroM kI ora vizeSa jhukAva hai phira bhI isameM paurANika rUpa kI rakSA huI hai aura usa ora bhI jhukAva hai isalie isameM donoM zailiyoM kA mizraNa dekha sakate hai / 1. devakumAra granthamAlA, prathama puSpa, jaina siddhAnta bhavana, bhArA, 1929; jinaratnakoza, pR0 312. 2. sarga 1. 20. 3. sarga 1. 24, 30, 36, 40, 3. 19, 9.3, 9, 10, 13, 22, 27, 28 10. 17.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa para anya paurANika zailI ke mahAkAvyoM ke viparIta isameM avAntara aura prAsaMgika kathAoM kA abhAva hai. sAtha hI upadezAtmakatA yA dezanAoM kA bhI abhAva hai| kevala dazama sarga meM jinendrakRta jIvAjIvAdi tatvoM ke nirUpaNa kA saMketa mAtra kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM komala rasoM kA hI citraNa huA hai isalie vIra, raudra, vIbhatsa aura bhayAnaka rasoM kA nitAnta abhAva hai| yaha eka vairAgyamUlaka kAvya hai isalie zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai|' yatra-tatra hAsya aura vAtsalyarasa ke darzana bhI hote haiN| isa kAvya kI bhASA praur3ha aura sarasa hai| isako bhASA kA sabase bar3A guNa ekarUpatA hai| isameM kahIM bhI adhika kliSTatA aura avyavasthA nahIM hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha alaMkAroM se sajI hai| sampUrNa kAvya meM zAyada hI koI padya alaMkAra se rahita ho| para alaMkAroM kA prayoga svAbhAvika rUpa se kiyA gayA hai, na ki balAt / zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa tathA arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, bhrAntimAn aura parisaMkhyA kA prayoga kAvya meM bahuta huA hai| anya alaMkAroM meM rUpaka, arthAntaranyAsa, atizayokti Adi bhI draSTavya haiN| isa kAvya para eka acchI saMskRta TIkA likhI gaI hai jisameM pratyeka padya ke alaMkAra sUcita kiye gaye haiN| isa kAvya ke eka sarga meM eka hI chanda kA aura sargAnta meM vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prathama, dvitIya, caturtha, paMcama meM upajAti chanda kA prayoga huA hai| SaSTha aura dazama meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| saba milAkara 12 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kaviparicaya tathA racanAkAla-kavi ne prastuta kAvya ke anta meM koI prazasti nahIM dI hai phira bhI dasaveM sarga ke 633 padya se isa kAvya ke racayitA kA nAma arhaddAsa jJAta hotA hai| isa kAvya ke atirikta ahaMddAsakRta do anya kRtiyA~ milatI haiM : purudevacampU aura bhavyakaNThAbharaNa / prastuta kAvya aura uparyukta kRtiyoM ke kucha padyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki arhaddAsa ke kAvyaguru 50 1. sarga 8. 3-1, 2. 30.31. 2. sarga 5. 33, 6. 31; 7. 7. 1. 'mahadAsaH sabhaksyullasita', 'mahahAso'yamitthaM jinapaticarita' ityAdi /

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lalita vAGmaya AzAdhara the| paM0 AzAghara kA samaya unake granthoM kI prazastiyoM se saM0 1300 ke AsapAsa kA hai| AzAdhara kA antima grantha 'anagAradharmAmRta' hai jisakI racanA vi0 saM0 1300 meM samApta huI thI / arhaddAsa ne 10 veM sarga ke 64veM padya meM AzAghara ke 'dharmAmRta' pAna kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA bhavya janakaNThAbharaNa ke eka padya kA nirmANa 'sAgAradharmAmRta' ke eka padya ke anukaraNa para kiyA hai / isa sabase jJAta hotA hai ki ve avazya hI AzAdhara ke nikaTakAlavartI kavi rahe hoMge / anumAna se unakA samaya saM0 1300 ke bAda aura saM0 1325 ke madhya kabhI rahA hogA / isa kAvya para eka acchI saMskRta TIkA upalabdha hai / anumAna hai ki kavi kI yaha svopajJa TIkA hai / zreNikacarita : isa mahAkAvya' kA dUsarA nAma durgavRttidvayAzraya mahAkAvya hai / isa kAvya meM zreNikacaritra ke sAtha-sAtha kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa para prApta durgasiMharacita vRtti ke anusAra vyAkaraNa ke siddha prayogoM ko bhI pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / isalie isa mahAkAvya ke do nAma diye gaye haiM / isameM 18 sarga haiN| isameM pratyeka sarga kA nAma sarga meM varNita ghaTanA ke AdhAra para rakhA gayA 1 T isa kAvya ke kathAnaka kA kramika vikAsa lakSita nahIM hotA hai / kathAnaka ke prArambhika gyAraha sargoM meM jinezvara aura unake upadezoM kI pradhAnatA hai / ye sarga dhArmika vAtAvaraNa se vyApta haiM parantu bArahaveM sarga se kathAnaka kI dhArA ekadama mur3a gaI hai| ina sargoM meM deva dvArA diye gaye hAra ke kho jAne aura usakI tatparatA se khoja kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake antima sAta sargoM ke kathAnaka meM dhArmika vAtAvaraNa kA abhAva hai aura laukikatA kI pravRtti adhika hai / kathAnaka ke isa sahasA mor3a ne kathA ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara diyA hai / donoM meM bahuta hI zithila sUtra se sambandha jor3A gayA hai, isase kAvya meM paMca 1. terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya, pR0 326. 2. bhUmikA, pR0 3. 505 jinaratnakoza, pR0 186 aura 399; jaina dharmavidyA prasAraka varga, pAlitAnA se kevala prathama sAta sarga prakAzita, zeSa gyAraha sarga aba taka aprakAzita haiM / vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM - DA0 zyAmazaMkara dIkSita, terahavIMcaudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya, pR0 120-143.

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506 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sandhiyoM kI yojanA kA nirvAha pUrNataH nahIM huA hai| isa truTi ke atirikta isa racanA meM mahAkAvya ke anya sabhI zAstrIya lakSaNoM kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha-sAtha udAtta bhASA-zailI, praur3ha kavitva-kalpanA, gambhIra pANDitya, ucca Adarza evaM mAnava jIvana kI vividhatA ke darzana bhI isa kAvya meM hote haiN| zreNikacaritra meM zAstrIya zailI ke sAtha paurANika zailI ke bhI darzana hote haiN| isameM anya paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke samAna sthAna-sthAna para bha. mahAvIra kI dezanAe~ aura dezanAoM meM bhI agantara kathAoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| isa kAvya meM bhavAntaroM ke varNana dvArA pUrvajanma ke puNya-pApa kA phala uttarabhava meM dikhAyA hai yathA seDuka brAhmaNa jainadharmaviruddha kArya se meMDhaka hotA hai aura meMDhaka bhaktibhAvanA se deva ho jAtA hai| kaI atimAnavIya ghaTanAoM kA bhI varNana isa kAvya meM hai| ina saba paurANika vizeSatAoM ke rahane para bhI zreNikacarita ko hama paurANika mahAkAvya nahIM mAna sakate kyoMki isake pratyeka padya meM koI na koI ukta vyAkaraNa kA siddha prayoga avazya dikhAyA gayA hai| ataH zAstrIyatA kI ora adhika bala hone se ise zAstrIya kAvya mAnanA caahiye| ____ isa kAvya kI kathAvastu kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai-eka se chaThe sarga taka rAjagRha nagara, zreNika nareza, usakI rAniyA~, rAjakumAra abhaya kA varNana tathA mahAvIra kA Agamana, unake darzanArtha logoM kA jAnA, samavasaraNa meM acenA-vandanA tathA unakI dezanA kA varNana hai| sAtaveM sarga meM dezanA ke samaya eka kor3hI Akara mahAvIra kI apane pUya rasa se pUjA kara unase 'mara jAo' tathA zreNika se 'jIo' aura abhayakumAra se 'jIo cAhe maro' aura kAlazokarI kasAI se 'na jIo na maro' kahatA hai| isase kruddha hokara zreNika use pakar3ane kA sainikoM ko Adeza detA hai para vaha antardhAna ho jAtA hai| taba Azcarya meM par3akara rAjA mahAvIra se usa kor3hI ke viSaya meM pUchatA hai| AThaveM-nauveM-dasaveM sarga meM kor3hI sura ke pUrva bhava kA varNana diyA gayA hai aura usake vaktavyoM kI vyAkhyA dI gaI hai tathA zreNika ke rAjabhavana lauTane kA varNana hai| gyArahaveM sarga meM vahI deva zreNika ke samyaktva kI parIkSA karatA hai aura prasanna ho eka gollaka aura amUlya hAra kA dAna karatA hai| bArahaveM saga meM kAlazaukarI kasAI kA maraNa aura usake putra sulasa ke dhArmika jIvana kA varNana diyA gayA hai|

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lalita vAGmaya terahaveM sarga meM zreNika dvArA rAnI nandA ko gollaka tathA cellaNA ko hAra dene kA varNana hai / caudahaveM sarga meM rAjA zreNika kI dinacaryA kA varNana hai / pandrahaveM saga meM hAra ke TUTane tathA usake jor3ane vAle maNikAra kA mara kara bandara honA aura jor3ane ke lie rAjA dvArA pUrA dhana na dene ke kAraNa avasara pAkara hAra kI corI kara apane putroM ko hAra denA varNita hai / solahaveM sarga meM hAra kI khoja ke lie abhayakumAra ko Adeza dene kA varNana hai / satrahaveM sarga meM vAnara dvArA hAra ko lekara susthitAcArya muni kI dhyAnastha avasthA meM unake kaNTha meM DAlanA tathA abhayakumAra kA muni ke darzana ke lie pahu~canA varNita hai / aThArahaveM sarga meM AcArya susthita se kumAra dvArA pitA ko sauMpanA aura kathAnaka kI samApti honA varNita hai / hAra prApta kara abhaya 507 isa kAvya ke pratyeka sarga ke anta meM AgAmI kathA kI sUcanA bhI dI gaI hai| isa kAvya meM aneka pAtra haiM para mahAvIra, zreNika, abhayakumAra aura kuSThIdeva ke caritra kA hI adhika vikAsa huA hai / yadyapi isa kAvya meM vyAkaraNa ke siddha prayogoM kI ora dhyAna vizeSa diyA gayA hai phira bhI yatra-tatra kavi ne prakRti-citraNa vividha rUpoM meM kiyA hai / para saundarya-citraNa isa kAvya meM nahIM ke barAbara hai kyoMki kavi kA vyAkaraNasvarUpa vizeSa prabala hai / phira bhI dhArmika Agraha kI pracalatA ke kAraNa kavi ne dhArmika niyamoM aura siddhAntoM kA vivecana khUba kiyA hai / vyAkaraNa pakSa ko 18 sargoM meM isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai : prathama sarga meM pA~coM saMdhiyA~ tathA kucha sarvanAma rUpa, dvitIya sarga meM zabda rUpa, tRtIya meM kucha sarvanAma rUpa aura kAraka, caturtha meM samAsa, paMcama meM taddhita, chaThe meM kriyAoM ke vartamAnakAlika rUpa, sAtaveM meM bhUtakAlika rUpa, ATha se gyAraha taka kriyAoM ke vividha siddha rUpa aura bArahaveM se aThArahaveM taka kRdanta ke rUpaisa taraha kAtantra para upalabdha durgavRtti ke anusAra vyAkaraNa ke siddha prayogoM ko pradarzita karane meM kavi ko paryApta saphalatA milI hai / raudra, vaise isa kAvya kA pradhAna rasa zAntarasa hai phira bhI zRMgAra, karuNa, vIra Adi anya rasoM kA acchA paripAka dikhAyA gayA hai / 1. sarga 5. 13, 14, 17, 42, 63, 77, 88-89; 6.63, 64, 85, 168, 169 Adi.

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa __ isa kAvya ko bhASA vyAkaraNa ke prayogoM se bojhila hone se bhinna prakAra kI hai| isameM bhASA kI svAbhAvikatA surakSita nahIM raha sakI hai| aneka sthaloM para apracalita athavA alpapracalita zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI isameM sthAna-sthAna para bhASAsauSThava, lAlitya aura manohara padavinyAsa ke darzana hote hai| isa taraha isa kAvya meM sarala aura kaThina donoM prakAra kI bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM bhASA meM muhAvaroM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| _ vividha alaMkAroM kI yojanA bhI isa kAvya meM kI gaI hai| zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa kA prayoga adhika huA hai| arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, rUpaka aura utprekSA ke adhika darzana hote haiM / pA~caveM sarga ko chor3akara kavi ne pratyeka sarga kI racanA anuSTubh chanda meM kI hai parantu sarga ke anta meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| pA~cave sarga meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga darzanIya hai| kucha apracalita chanda jaise-vaizvadevI, nivAsa, vegavatI Adi kA prayoga bho kavi ne kiyA hai| zreNikacarita kI kula zlokasaMkhyA 2267 hai| kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke racayitA jinaprabhasUri haiM jo laghukharataragaccha ke sthApaka tathA candragacchIya jinezvarasUri ke praziSya aura jinasiMhasUri ke ziSya the| ye muslima zAsaka muhammada tugalaka ke samakAlIna the tathA usake dvArA bahuta sammAnita hue the| inhoMne aneka granthoM para TIkAe~ likhI thI tathA aneka stotroM kI racanA kI thii| ye prasiddha grantha 'vividhatIrthakalpa' ke racayitA haiN| isa grantha kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne isa anya kI racanA dayAkaramuni kI prArthanA para vi0 saM0 1356 meM kI thii| zAntinAthacarita: isa mahAkAvya' kI kathAvastu kA AdhAra munidevasarikRta 'zAntinAthacarita' hai| kavi ne apane kAvya meM munidevasUri kA anukaraNa kiyA hai, phalasvarUpa kathAnaka meM kavi kI maulika dena kucha bhI nahIM hai / mUlakathA ke sAtha isameM avAntara kathAoM kI bharamAra hai yathA maMgalakuMbhakathAnaka, dhanadaputrakathA, 1. prazastipatha 2. 2. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, vIra saM0 2437.

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lalita vAjAya amaradattanRpakathA, vaNikadvayakathA, parivrATakathA, amRtAmrabhUpatikathA, skandilaputrakathA, guNavarmakathA, agnizarmAdvijakathA, bhAnudattakathA, mAghavakathA Adi / inameM se kucha avAntara kathAe~ bahuta lambI haiN| dhanadattakathA 5-6-7 sargoM ko ghere hai / ina avAntara kathAoM ke cayana meM bhI prastuta kAvya ke racayitA munibhadra ne munideva kA anukaraNa kiyA hai / munidevasUri ke zAntinAthacaritra meM jo avAntara kathAe~ upalabdha haiM ThIka ve hI usI krama se prastuta kAvya meM vidyamAna haiM / isI taraha prastuta kAvya meM jaina dharma ke unhIM tattvoM kA vivecana huA hai jinakA vivecana munidevasUri ne kiyA hai| isa taraha isa kAvya meM kathAvastu pUrNatayA munideva ke 'zAntinAthacaritra' ke padacihnoM para calI hai| isameM munibhadra ne maulika sRjanazakti kA paricaya nahIM diyA phira bhI yaha kAvya apanI praur3ha bhASAzailI aura udAtta abhivyaMjanAzakti se apanA pRthak sthAna rakhatA hai / isa dRSTi se maulika aura navIna lagatA hai / yaha yaha kAvya unnIsa sargoM meM vibhakta hai / anuSTubh mAna se isakA racanAparimANa 6272 zloka- pramANa hai / 509 bhavAntaroM aura avAntara kathAnakoM ke prAcurya ke sAtha isa kAvya meM stotroM aura mAhAtmyoM kA samAveza bhI adhika mAtrA meM huA hai tathA pratyeka sarga ke prArambha meM kavi dvArA zAntinAtha kA stavana tathA bIca-bIca meM devatAoM aura kathAnaka ke pAtroM dvArA jinendra kI stutiyA~ aura megharatha Adi satpuruSoM kI devatAoM dvArA stutiyA~ kI gaI haiN| zatruJjayamAhAtmya Adi eka-do mAhAtmya bhI isa kAvya meM haiM / isa kAvya meM aneka puruSa evaM strI pAtra haiM kintu caritracitraNa kI dRSTi se inameM zAntinAtha, cakrAyudha, azanighoSa evaM sutArA hI pramukha pAtra haiM, inhIM ke caritra kA vikAsa huA hai, zeSa pAtroM kA nahIM / isa kAvya meM prakRti-citraNa kama kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM saMkSepa meM prAtaH, saMdhyA, sara, upavana evaM vibhinna RtuoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| saundarya-citraNa bhI kavi ne kiyA hai parantu use paramparAgata upamAnoM dvArA hI, kintu ina prayogoM meM bhI kavi kI kalpanAe~ bahuta kucha maulika evaM sundara haiM / isa kAvya meM samasAmayika sAmAjika avasthA kA sundara varNana huA hai| apane yuga meM janma, vivAha Adi avasaroM para honevAle sAmAjika-dhArmika

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kAryoM ke vistRta vivaraNa dekara kavi ne sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM para acchA prakAza DAlA hai / ' 510 kAvyakalA ke antaraMga pakSa ko kavi ne vividha rasoM kI yojanA dvArA puSTa kiyA hai| isameM pradhAna rasa zAntarasa hai para zRMgAra, vIra, raudra, bhayAnaka evaM vAtsalyarasa kI chaTA bhI yatra-tatra dikhAI par3atI hai / 1 isa kAvya kI bhASA meM praur3hatA, lAlitya aura anekarUpatA ke darzana hote haiM / kavi ne ise alaMkAroM se sajAne kI ceSTA kI hai / zabdAlaMkAroM meM yamaka kA prayoga to sthala sthala para kiyA gayA hai para bhASA kI saralatA akSata hai isI taraha anuprAsa aura vizeSakara antyAnuprAsoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| arthAlaMkAroM meM sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM kA arthAt upamA, utprekSA aura arthAntaranyAsa kA prayoga bahuta huA hai / isa kAvya meM adhikatara alaMkAra yatnasAdhya haiM phira bhI yatra-tatra svAbhAvika yojanA bhI dikhAI par3atI hai / isa kAvya ke pratyeka sarga meM eka chanda kA prayoga huA hai aura sarga ke anta meM chandaparivartana kiyA gayA hai| caudahaveM sarga meM vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kula milAkara 19 chandoM kA prayoga isa kAvya meM huA hai / inameM upajAti kA prayoga sarvAdhika huA hai / kaviparicaya aura racanAkAla -- kAvya ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isa kAvya ke racayitA munibhadrasUri the jo bRhadgaccha ke the / ukta gaccha meM municandrasUri nAmaka gacchapati hue the jinake paTTa para kAlakrama se devasUri, bhadrezvarasUri vijayendusUri, mAnabhadrasUri tathA guNabhadrasUri hue / guNabhadrasUri dillI ke bAdazAha muhammada tugalaka ke samakAlIna the aura usase sammAnita the| inhIM guNabhadra ke ziSya isa kAvya ke racayitA munibhadrasUri the / tatkAlIna - muslima nareza phIrojazAha tugalaka inakI bar3I ijjata karatA thA / isakA ullekha kavi ne svayaM kiyA hai / isa kAvya kI racanA munibhadrasUri ne bhaktibhAvanA aura vizeSakara pANDityapradarzana kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara kI hai / kavi ne kAvyapaMcaka - raghuvaMza, kumAra 8 1. sarga 1 54; 3. 113, 119, 120-128, 4. 26, 59-60, 108-110, 15-11 Adi. 2 prazastipadya 9.

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lalita vAGmaya 511 sambhava, kirAtArjunIya, zizupAlavadha tathA naiSadhacarita - ke samakakSa jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM kAvya ke abhAva kI pUrti ke lie ukta kAvya kI racanA kI hai| isa kAvya kA saMzodhana rAjazekharasUri ne kiyA thA / kavi ne isa kAvya kI racanA kA samaya bhI ukta prazasti meM saM0 1410 diyA hai / 3 jayodaya- mahAkAvya : isa kAvya meM 28 sarga haiM jinameM jinasena prathama dvArA mahApurANa meM varNita RSabhadeva bharatakAlIna jayakumAra - sulocanA ke paurANika kathAnaka ko mahAkAvya kA rUpa diyA gayA hai / isake 3-5 sargoM meM svayaMvara kA varNana, 6-8 meM yuddhavarNana, 9 veM meM jayakumAra ke vivAha kA vistRta varNana Adi, 14veM sarga meM vana-krIDAvarNana, 15 veM meM saMdhyA - varNana, 16 veM meM pAnagoSThI, 17 veM meM rAtri evaM saMbhogavarNana, 18veM meM prabhAta - varNana mahAkAvya ke anurUpa varNita haiM / isa kAvya meM kavi ne vividha chandoM, zabda aura artha alaMkAroM tathA vividha rasoM ke sanniveza ke sAtha kathAnaka ko bar3e rocaka DhaMga se diyA hai| anuprAsa kA jagaha-jagaha adhika mAtrA meM prayoga hone se kahIM-kahIM artha kI spaSTatA meM bAdhA AtI hai / prastuta kAvya meM kaviparamparA ke niyamoM ke nirvAha ke sAtha AdhunikatA kA puTa vizeSa dikhAI detA hai / naye pariveza meM purAne chandoM kA prayoga dekhane lAyaka hai| sAmAnyataH pratyeka sarga ke upAntya padya meM prAyaH eka-naeka cakrabandha kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jo zabdAlaMkAra kI priyatA ko sUcita karatA hai / isa kAvya ke uktivaicitrya ke kucha namUne isa prakAra haiM : 8. kavitAyAH kaviH kartA rasika: kovidaH punaH / ramaNI ramaNIyatvaM patirjAnAti no pitA // 9. vahI, padya 13-14. 2. vahI, padya 11. 3. vahI, padya 12. X x prakA0 brahma0 sUrajamala, vI0 saM0 2476. X

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512 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa taralaM yadAlokanataH sadyaH saralaM rasikasya manobhUyAtkavitA vaniteva X X X saduktimapi gRhNAti prAjJo nAjJo janaH punaH / kimakUpAravatkUpaM vardhayedvidhudIdhitiH // tarAm / sA // kartA evaM racanAkAla -- yaha Adhunika kAla kI racanA hai / isa kAvya ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti' se jJAta hotA hai ki isa kAvya ke racayitA bAlabrahmacArI vANIbhUSaNa paM0 bhUrAmala zAstrI haiN| ye jayapura ke pAsa rANAlI grAma ke nivAsI diga0 jaina khaNDelavAla jAti ke chAvar3A gotra ke the / prazasti meM inhoMne apane pitA kA nAma zreSThi caturbhuja aura mAtA kA nAma ghRtavarI devI sUcita kiyA hai / ise kavi ne navyapaddhati se banAyA kAvya 1 racanA saM0 1994 ke lagabhaga huI hai / kahA hai / isa kAvya kI kucha jaina kaviyoM ne jaina kathAnakoM ke atirikta anya kathAnakoM para bhI mahAkAvya likhe haiM / unameM amaracandrasUri kA bAlabhArata mahattva kA hai / bAlabhArata : yaha 'mahAbhArata' kI sampUrNa kathA kA sAra hai / mUla mahAbhArata kI taraha hI yaha bhI 18 parvoM meM vibhAjita hai aura ye parva bhI eka yA eka se adhika sargoM meM vibhAjita haiM / ina sargoM kI saMkhyA 44 hai / isameM kula milAkara 5482 padya haiM jo ki vividha 23 chandoM meM haiM / isakA granthAgra 6950 zlokapramANa hai / isa kAvya kI kathAsAmagrI mahAbhArata se lI gaI hai| mUla mahAbhArata ko saMkSipta karane meM lekhaka ne kevala usake kathAbhAga para hI dhyAna diyA hai aura nIti tathA dharmazAstra kI bAteM prAyaH chor3a dI haiN| isase zAnti aura anuzAsana parva jaise tathA bar3e parva eka-eka sarga meM hI samApta kara diye gaye haiM / jahA~ mahAbhArata meM vividha ghaTanAoM meM mahAkAvyocita dhArAvAhikatA kA avarodha hai vahA~ bAlabhArata ke 1. puruSapadArthadharAlokamite vikramotasaMvatsare hite / zrAvaNamAsimitiM pratiyAti pUrNAM jinaparahitaika jAti // 28. 110. 2. navyAM paddhatimuddharatsukRtibhiH kAvyaM mataM tatkRtam / 3. 117. 3. kAvyamAlA ( saMkhyA 45 ), nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1894.

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513 lalita vAkAya kathAnaka meM isakA acchA prabhAva dikhAyI par3atA hai| yahA~ vividha ghaTanAoM meM sAmaM. jasya sthApita karake susaMgaThita kathAnaka banAne meM kavi acchA saphala huA hai| kavi ne mUla mahAbhArata ke kathAnaka meM koI parivartana nahIM kiyA hai| isa kAvya meM yatra-tatra pAtroM ke kathopakathana meM nATakIya sajIvatA vidyamAna hai| bAlabhArata meM mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya lakSaNoM kA nirvAha karane ke lie Adiparva ke 7ve sarga meM vasanta-varNana aura AThaveM se gyArahave taka puSpacayana, jalakrIDA, candrodaya, madyapAna aura kAmakeliyoM Adi kA varNana diyA gayA hai| bArahave meM khANDava vana kA varNana tathA sabhAparva ke cauthe sarga meM RtuvarNana aura droNa tathA bhISmaparvo meM yuddhavarNana aura strIparva meM striyoM ke vilApa dvArA karuNa bhAvoM kA pradarzana kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha vizAlakAya mahAbhArata kA saMkSipta rUpa dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / caritracitraNa meM pANDavoM kA caritra 'bAlabhArata' meM sabase adhika vyApaka hai / ve hI pradhAna pAtroM ke rUpa meM hamAre samakSa Ate haiN| inake sAtha bhISma, karNa, duryodhana, droNa Adi pAtra bhI apanI paramparAgata vizeSatAeM liye hue haiM / strIpAtroM meM kuntI, draupadI, subhadrA Adi kA caritrAMkana bhI sundaratA se huA hai / prakRti-citraNa bhI prAyaH pratyeka parva meM huA hai| apane yuga ke bIca phaile hue nAnA prakAra ke aMdhavizvAsoM, zakuna-apazakunoM, zubha azubha svapnoM ke varNanoM dvArA tatkAlIna samAja kI sthiti ke eka aMza kA citraNa bhI isa kAvya meM huA hai| __ isa kAvya meM jainadharma ke tatvoM ke pratipAdana kA prayatna kahIM bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai kyoMki isakI racanA brAhmaNoM kI prArthanA para kI gaI hai| isameM bhISma dvArA rAjadharma, Apaddharma aura mokSadharma kA upadeza mahAbhArata ke anusAra hI dilAyA gayA hai / isameM kavi maulika nahIM hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA vaividhyapUrNa, parimArjita, prAMjala aura pravAhayukta hai| mAdhuryaguNa aneka sthaloM para dRSTigata hotA hai / isameM karNakaTu zabdoM kA nitAnta abhAva hai| isakI bhASAzailI meM garimA, bhavyatA aura udAttatA vidyamAna hai jo anya kAvyoM meM bahuta kama prApta hai / svayaM kavi ne bAlabhArata ko 'vANIvezma' tathA 'bhASArUpI pRthvI para khar3A kiyA gayA zreya aura zobhA kA bhavana' kahA hai / kavi ne isa kAvya kI bhAva aura bhASA ko alaMkAroM se ujjvala banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa kA adhika prayoga evaM

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa arthAlaMkAroM meM utprezcA, virodhAbhAsa, apahnuti, dIpaka Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai / 'bAlabhArata' meM adhikAMza sargoM meM eka chanda kA hI prayoga huA hai aura sargAnta meM chandaparivartana kiyA gayA hai / sarga 19, 33, 34, 43 aura 44 meM aneka chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / isameM kula milAkara 27 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / inameM anuSTubh kA prayoga sarvAdhika huA hai / 514 antima sarga ko chor3a sabhI sargoM ke prArambha meM lekhaka ne eka-eka padya dvArA vyAsadeva kI prArthanA kI hai / pratyeka sarga ke anta meM vIra zabda kA prayoga kara ise vIrAGka kAvya kahA hai / isameM kula milAkara 5482 padya haiM jinakA granthA anuSTubh pramANa se 6950 hai / kaviparicaya evaM racanAkAla - kAvya ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isa kAvya ke racayitA prasiddha kavi amaracandrasUri the jo ki vAyaTagacchIya the / unase pUrva vAyaTagaccha meM parakAyApraveza vidyA meM nipuNa jIvadevasUri hue the / unakI ziSya paramparA meM 'vivekavilAsa' ke racayitA zrI jinadattasUri hue / inhIM jinadattasUri ke ziSya amaracandrasUri hue| ye apane samaya ke mUrdhanya vidvAn the / gurjaranareza vosaladeva ne inheM kavitArvabhauma kI upAdhi dI thI / inake jIvana kA paricaya inakI anya kRti 'padmAnandamahAkAvya' se tathA ratnazekharasUrikRta 'caturviMzatiprabaMdha' evaM ratnamandira gaNikRta 'upadezataraMgiNI' se bhI milatA hai / inake kalAguru arisiMha Thakkura the / afar Azukavi the aura vAyaTanivAsI brAhmaNoM ke anurodha para unhoMne samasta mahAbhArata kA saMkSepa 'bAlabhArata' zIghra raca diyaa| kAlAntara meM koSThAgArika padmamantrI kI prArthanA para kavi ne 'padmAnanda mahAkAvya' kI racanA kI / kavi kI anya kRtiyoM meM ( 1 ) kAvyakalpalatA yA kavizikSA, ( 2 ) kAvyakalpalatAvRtti, (3) caturviMzatijinendra saMkSipta caritAni, (4) sukRtasaMkIrtana ke pratyeka sarga ke antima cAra padya, (5) syAdizabdasamuccaya, (6) kAvya kalpalatA parimala, (7) kAvya kalpalatAmaMjarI, (8) kAvyakalApa, ( 9 ) chandoratnAvalI, (10) alaMkAraprabodha aura ( 11 ) sUkAvalI hai / 1. ina chandoM ke adhyayana ke lie dekheM - hari dAmodara velaMkara kA lekha : prosoDiyala prekTisa oNpha saMskRta poiTsa, jarnala oNpha dI baoNmbe brAMca oNpha dI raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, bhAga 24-15, pR0 51.

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lalita vAya 55 amaracandrasUri ne bAlabhArata kI racanA kaba kI, isakI sUcanA kahIM nahIM miltii| 'caturviMzatiprabaMdha' se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi vIsaladeva baghelA ke samakAlIna the| isa nRpa kA rAjyakAla saM0 1294 se saM0 1328 mAnA jAtA hai / ataH bAlabhArata kI racanA isI samaya ke madhya honI cAhie / pATana ke aSTApada jinAlaya meM amaracandrasUri kI pratimA hai jise saM0 1349 meM sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| isase pUrva kavi kA svargavAsa ho cukA hogaa| anya anumAnoM se siddha hotA hai ki 'bAlabhArata' kA racanAkAla saM0 1977 se saM0 1294 taka kabhI honA cAhie / laghukAvya: jaina kaviyoM ne mahAkAvyoM kI saMkhyA se kahIM bahuta adhika laghukAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| ina kAvyoM meM yadyapi kathA jIvanavyApI hotI hai para sargo' kI saMkhyA kama rahatI hai| paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke antargata eka vastukathA ko pratipAdita karane vAle aise aneka laghukAvyoM kA varNana hamane kiyA hai, yathA vAdIbhasiMha kA kSatracUr3AmaNikAvya, vAdirAja kA yazodhara carita, jayatilakasUri kA malayasundarIcarita, somakIrti kA pradyumnacarita Adi / 15vIM17vIM zatI taka bhaTTArakoM-sakalakIrti, brahma jinadAsa, zubhacandra Adi-ne isa prakAra ke anekoM caritAtmaka laghukAvya likhe the| ina kAvyoM meM zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM ke samAna kathAtmaka nAnA bhaMgimAe~ nahIM milatI aura na bRhat paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke samAna nAnA avAMtara kathAoM kA jAla / inameM pradhAna vastukathA saMkSepa meM parimita sargoM-6-8 yA 10-12-meM dI gayI hai tathA vastuvarNana vyApaka rUpa meM upasthita nahIM kiye gaye haiN| ___ hama yahA~ aisI kucha racanAoM kA paricaya prastuta karate haiN| zrIdharacaritamahAkAvya : yaha kAvya' sargoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM saba milAkara 1313 padya haiM jinakA granthAna 1686 hai| kavi ne apanI chaMdazatA kA vizeSa paricaya diyA 1. terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya, pR0 255-250. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 396, cAritrasmAraka granthamAlA, granthAMka 48, vI0 saM0 2578.

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa hai, isake lie usane pratyeka sarga ke chaMdoM kA nirdeza karane ke lie chaMdoM ko pUre lakSaNa ke sAtha yA to saga ke Adi meM yA sthAna-sthAna para sUcita kiyA hai| usane aneka aprasiddha chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai aura saubhAgya se unakA nAma nirdeza karake pAThakoM kA bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| kAvya ke pratyeka sarga ke antima padya meM kavi ne apane nAma kA mANikya zabda diyA hai aura samAptisUcaka vAkya meM 'mANikyA? zrIzrIdharacarite' pada se sUcita kiyA hai ki kAvya 'mANikyAGka' hai| isa kAvya meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pUrvabhava ke jIva vijayacandra aura paTTarAnI sulocanA kA rocaka caritra citraNa kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi kAvya kA nAma vijayacandra ke sAtave pUrvabhava ke jIva zrIdhara ke nAma se rakhA gayA hai para isa kathA kA nAyaka vijayacandra hI hai aura vijayacandra ke sAhasika kAryoM tathA berAgya kA varNana isa kAvya kI kathAvastu hai| prastuta kAvya meM isa kathA ko nibaddha karane meM kavi ne mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa apanAye haiM para sargoM kI saMkhyA kama hone se ise laghukAvya kaha sakate haiN| isameM zRMgAra, hAsya, adbhuta, zAnta Adi rasoM kA varNana kavi ne bar3e kauzala ke sAtha kiyA hai| bhASA prasAdaguNapUrNa hai| kavi kalpanA karane meM bar3A catura hai / isa kAvya para kavi ne svayaM durgapadavyAkhyA likho hai jisameM pratyeka saga ke Adi meM chandoM ke sUcaka lakSaNa diye gaye haiN| kaviparicaya evaM racanAkAla-grantha ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti se zAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA mANikyasundara haiM jinhoMne ise devakulapATakapura meM vi0saM0 1463 meM banAyA aura merumaNDala ke satyapura meM zrI. pUjya gacchAdhIza se zuddha karAyA thaa| ukta prazasti se yaha bhI zAta hotA hai ki aJcalagaccha ke merutuMga inake dIkSAguru the aura jayazekharasUrIzvara. guru the| inakI anya racanAoM meM catuSparvI, zukarAjakathA, pRthvIcandracaritra (prAcIna gujarAtI), guNavarmacaritra, dharmadattakathA, ajAputrakathA evaM AvazyakaTIkA prabhRti haiN| jainakumArasaMbhava : prastuta kAvya 11 soM meM vibhaka hai aura isameM bharatakumAra kI kathA

Page #530
lalita vADAya varNita hai / isakI racanA mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke kumArasaMbhava kAvya se preraNA grahaNa kara kI gayI hai / isakI kathAvastu saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai- ayodhyA ke rAjA nAbhirAya aura rAnI marudevI ke putra RSabha kA janmAbhiSeka huaa| ve zaizavAvasthA samApta kara yuvAvasthA dhAraNa karate haiM ( 1 sarga ) / RSabha kA yaza sarvatra vyApta thA / indra Adi devoM ko RSabhadeva ke vivAha kI ciMtA huii| mahArAja nAbhirAya ne bhI RSabhadeva se vivAha kA anurodha kiyA ( 2 sarga ) / anya prajAjanoM ne bhI anurodha kiyA / ina anurodhoM kA RSabhadeva ne kucha bhI uttara nahIM diyA / 'maunaM svIkRtilakSaNaM' isa nIti se unake vivAha kI taiyAriyA~ kI gaI' ( 3 sarga ) / sumaMgalA aura sunaMdA ko vivAhamaMDapa meM lAyA gayA / RSabhadeva ko bhI vivAhamaMDapa meM upasthita kiyA gayA / apsarAeM nabhomaNDala meM nRtya karane lagIM Adi ( 4 sarga ) / RSabhadeva kA sumaMgalA aura sunandA ke sAtha pANigrahaNa sampanna huA / cAroM ora jaya-jaya dhvani sunAI pdd'ii| isa sarga meM pati-patnI ke saMbaMdhoM evaM karttavyoM kA nirUpaNa hai ( 5 sarga ) / anantara rAtri, candrodaya, SaDRtu Adi varNanAtmaka prasaMga diye gaye haiM / sargAnta meM sumaMgalA ke garbhAdhAna kA saMketa diyA gayA hai ( 6 sarga ) / eka rAtri ke pichale pahara meM sumaMgalA ne caudaha svapna dekhe / vaha unakA phala jAnane ke lie prabhu ke vAsagRha meM jAtI hai ( 7 sarga ) / RSabhadeva na e eka-eka svapna kA phala batalAkara kahA ki sumaMgalA ko cakravatI putra hogA ( 6 sarga ) / bhavana meM AtI hai aura sakhiyoM ko samUce vRttAnta se avagata karAtI hai ( 10 sarga) | Akara sumaMgalA ke bhAgya kI sarAhanA karatA hai aura use batAtA hai ki avadhi pUrNa hone para use putraratna kI prApti hogI / usake pati kA vacana mithyA nahIM ho sktaa| usake putra ke nAma se yaha bhUmi bhArata tathA vANI 'bhAratIya' kahalAegI / madhyAhUna varNana ke sAtha kAvya samApta hotA hai ( 11 sarga) | sumaMgalA apane vAsa 517 yadyapi kavi kAlidAsakRta kumArasaMbhava kI bhA~ti jainakumArasaMbhava kA uddezya kumAra (bharata) ke janma kA varNana karanA hai kintu jisa prakAra kumArasaMbhava ke prAmANika aMza ( prathama ATha sarga) meM kArtikeya kA janma varNita nahIM 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 94, 114; bhImasI mANeka, bambaI dvArA prakAzita; jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, sUrata, 1946.

Page #531
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai vaise hI jaina kavi ke mahAkAvya meM bhI bharatakumAra ke janma kA ullekha kahIM nahIM huA hai aura isa taraha donoM kAvyoM ke zIrSaka unake pratipAdya viSaya ke anusAra caritArtha nahIM hote| jainakumArasaMbhava meM 6The sarga meM sumaMgalA ke garbhAdhAna kA nirdeza karane ke pazcAt bhI kAvya ko pA~ca atirikta sargoM meM ghasITA gayA hai| isase kathAkrama vizRMkhalita huA hai aura kAvya kA anta atIva Akasmika evaM nirAzAjanaka DhaMga se huA hai, bhale hI vaha kavi kI varNanAtmaka prakRti ke anurUpa ho / jo ho para kAlidAsa kA prabhAva kavi para bahuta hai aura vaha usako kRti kumArasaMbhava se vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita hai| kumArasaMbhava aura jainakumArasaMbhava kI parikalpanA, kathAnaka ke vikAsa evaM ghaTanAoM ke saMyojana meM paryApta sAmya hai| isa kAvya kI zailI meM jo prasAda nathA AkarSaNa hai vaha bhI kAlidAsa kI zailI kI sahajatA evaM prAMjalatA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI hai| yadyapi isa kAvya kI kathA bahuta choTI hai jo 3-4 sargoM kI sAmagrI mAtra hai parantu kavi ne use nAnA varNanoM, saMvAdoM, stotroM tathA prazastigAnoM se bharakara 11 sargoM kI banA dii| isa kAvya kI bhASA-zailI udAtta evaM praur3ha hai| kavi ne vibhinna rasoM kA citraNa to kiyA hai para pradhAna rUpa se kisI eka rasa kA pallavana nahIM kiyaa| isa kAvya meM alaMkAroM kI surucipUrNa yojanA kI gaI hai| kAvya meM citrabaMdha kI yojanA kahIM nahIM kI gaI / chandoM kI yojanA meM kavi ne zAstrIya niyamoM kA pAlana kiyA hai| pratyeka sarga meM eka chanda kA prayoga huA hai, sargAnta meM chanda badala diyA gayA hai / kula milAkara kavi ne 17 chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ye sabhI sujJAta chanda haiM / kaviparicaya evaM racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke racayitA kavi jayazekharasUri haiM jo aMcalagacchIya mahendrasUri ke ziSya the| jainakumArasaMbhava kI prazasti meM isa kAvya kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1483 diyA gayA hai / prazasti meM inakI anya racanAoM kA nirdeza bhI kiyA gayA he : yathA-upadezacintAmaNi' (saM0 1436), prabodhacintAmaNi' (saM0 1464), dhammilacarita' / 1. prabodhazcopadezazca cintAmaNi kRtottrau| kumArasaMbhavaM kAvyaM caritaM dhammilasya ca / / 2. hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara. 3. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara. 4. hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara.

Page #532
lalita vADmaya isa kAvya para kavi ke ziSya dharmazekharagaNi ne TokA likhI hai| kAvya kA saMzodhana mANikyasundarasUri ne kiyA thaa| anya laghukAvyoM meM maNDanakavi ke tIna laghukAvya ullekhanIya haiN| inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : kAdambarImaNDana : kavi maNDana kI anyatama kRtiyoM meM se yaha eka hai| isakI racanA maNDana ne mAlavA ke bAdazAha hozaMgazAha ke anurodha para kI thii| hozaMgazAha ko maNDana jaise vidvAnoM kI saMgati se saMskRta sAhitya se bar3A prema ho gayA thaa| eka sabhaya sAyaMkAla usane eka vidvadgoSThI kI aura maNDanakavi se kahA ki maiMne kAdambarI kI bar3I prazaMsA sunI hai, usakI kathA sunane kI merI bar3I lAlasA hai parantu rAjyakArya meM vyasta rahane ke kAraNa itanI moTI pustaka ke sunane kA samaya nhiiN| tuma to bar3e vidvAn ho, use saMkSepa karake sunA do| usakI isa icchA ko tRta karane ke lie maNDana ne isa grantha ko saMkSepa meM anuSTubh chandoM dvArA cAra paricchedoM meM racA hai| candravijayaprabaMdha: isa kAvya' meM candra aura sUrya ke bIca saMgrAma hone kA varNana hai aura aSTa prahara ke bhayaMkara saMgrAma ke pazcAt candramA kI vijaya dikhAI gaI hai| ___isa apUrva kAvya ke racayitA vidvAn maMtrI evaM kavi maNDana haiM / isa grantha kI racanA kA kAraNa manoraMjaka hai| eka rAtri ko maNDana ke nivAsa para prasiddha vidvAnoM aura kaviyoM kA bhArI samAroha lagA thaa| pUrNimA kI tithi hone ke kAraNa candramA bhI pUrNa kalAoM ke sAtha thaa| sabhA samasta rAtri aura dUsare dina saMdhyAparyanta jur3I rhii| vidvAnoM ne candramA ko apanI samasta kalAoM ke sAtha pUrva meM udaya hote dekhA, phira prAtaH ravi kI kiraNoM se parAsta hokara pazcima meM nisteja hokara vilIna hote dekhA aura punaH apanI samasta kalAoM sahita pUrva meM - 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 84; hemacandrAcArya granthAvalI, saMkhyA 8, pATana (gujarAta) se prakAzita / isa grantha kI prAcIna hastalikhita prati saM0 1504 meM likhI milatI hai| 2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 120; hemacandrAcArya sabhA, pATana (gujarAta), saMkhyA 10.

Page #533
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hI udaya hote dekhakara unhIM bhAvoM ko lekara eka kAvya kI racanA karane kA prastAva rakhA jisameM candra-sUrya ke bIca saMgrAma kA varNana ho aura anta meM candramA kI vijaya dikhAyI jaay| maMDana ne isa Azaya kA prastAva svIkAra kara liyA aura usa kAvya kI racanA kI / 520 kAvyamaNDana : isa kAvya' meM 13 sarga haiM jinameM vividha chandoM meM kauravoM aura pANDavoM kI kathA varNita hai / granthAgra 1250 zloka pramANa hai / isa kAvya meM varNyaviSaya ko adhika rocaka banAne ke lie kavi ne rasoM, alaMkAroM tathA aneka chandoM kI yojanA kI hai / grantha meM aneka sthala aise haiM jo kavi kI praur3ha kAvya supamA kA Ananda dete haiM / kartA - isa kAvya kA kartA mahAkavi maNDana maMtrI hai / pratyeka sarga ke anta meM kavi ne apanI choTI sI prazasti dI hai / ' grantha kI samAti meM sragdharA chanda meM eka prazasti dvArA kavi ne apane sthAna, vaMza Adi kA paricaya diyA hai / tadanusAra yaha zrImAla vaMza ke jhAMjhaNa saMghavI ke dvitIya putra bAhar3a kA choTA putra thA / yaha bar3A pratibhAzAlI, vidvAn aura rAjanItijJa thA / isameM lakSmo aura sarasvatI donoM kA apUrva mela thA / mAlavA meM mANDavagar3ha ke hozaMgazAha kA yaha maMtrI thA / yaha vyAkaraNa, alaMkAra, saMgIta tathA anya zAstroM meM bar3A vidvAn thA / vidvAnoM para isakI bar3o proti thI aura sadA kalA ko upAsanA meM rata 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 90 hemacandrAcArya pranthAvalI, saMkhyA 17, pATana se prakAzita | isa grantha kI eka hastalikhita prati saM0 1504 bhAdrapada zukla paMcamI kI likhI milatI hai / 2. zrImadvanyajinendranirbharatateH zrImAlavaMzonnateH / zrImadvAhaDanandanasya dadhataH zrImaNDanAkhyAM kaveH // aror kauravapANDavodayakathAramye kRtau sadguNe / mAdhurya prabhu kAvyamaNDana ite sargo'yamAdyo'bhavat // 3. assmetanmaNDapAkhyaM prathitamaricamUdugraha' durgamucaiyasminnAkamasAhirnivasati balavAnduHsaha : pArthivAnAm / raMmando prabaladharaNibhRtsainyavanyAbhipAtI, zatrustrIbASpavRSTvA'pyadhikataramaho dIpyate sidhyamAnaH // 53 //

Page #534
lalita vAGmaya rahatA thaa| isakI kavigoSThI meM aneka vidvAn, kalAkAra ikaThe hote the aura unheM yaha bhUmi, vastra Adi se santuSTa kiyA karatA thaa| isake jovanacarita para kavi mahezvara ne eka manohara kAvya likhA hai| maNDana dvArA likhe evaM likhavAye granthoM kI pratiyoM meM dI gaI prazastiyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha 15vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka jIvita thA / ' ____maMDana ne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI thii| unameM se jo prakAza meM Aye haiM ve nimnAMkita haiM : 1. kAdambarImaNDana, 2. campUmaNDana, 3. candravijayaprabaMdha, 4. alaMkAramaNDana, 5. kAvyamaNDana, 6. zRMgAramaNDana. 7. saMgItamaNDana, 8. upasargamaNDana, 9. sArasvatamaNDana, 10. kavikalpadruma / ' kartA ne apane pratyeka grantha ke sAtha apanA nAma jor3a diyA hai| maNDana kA artha bhUSaNa bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| inameM se alaMkAramaNDana aura kavikalpadrama kAvyazAstra para, saMgIta. maNDana saMgItazAstra para, upasargamaNDana saMskRta ke pra, parA Adi upasargoM para aura sArasvatamaNDana sArasvata vyAkaraNa para likhe gaye haiN| zeSa kAvya haiN| saMdhAna yA anekArthaka kAvya : saMskRta bhASA meM eka ora jahA~ eka vastu ke aneka paryAyavAcI hote haiM vahA~ kucha aise zabda bhI haiM jinake aneka artha pAye jAte haiN| saMskRta kI isa vizihatA kA jaina manISiyoM ne kAvya ke kSetra meM sarvaprathama prayoga kiyaa| unhoMne saMghAna arthAt zleSamaya citrakAvyoM kI racanA aura usakA stotra sAhitya ke rUpa meM bhI vikAsa kiyA hai / unhoMne dvisaMdhAna, catussaMdhAna, paMcasaMdhAna. saptasaMdhAna evaM caturviMzatisaMdhAna kAvya race haiM / anekArtha kAvyoM kI ora jaina kaviyoM kI pravRtti 5vIM-6ThI sadI IsvI se huI hai| vasudevahiNDI kI cattAri ahagAthA ke caudaha artha kiye gaye haiN| saMskRta ke 1. yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha, khuDAlA (rAjasthAna ), vi0 saM0 2015, pR0 128-134, daulatasiMha lor3hA, maMtrI maNDana aura usakA gauravazAlI vaMza. 2. inameM se prathama chaH grantha hemacandrAcArya sabhA, pATana se prakAzita ho

Page #535
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa upalabdha saMdhAna kAvyoM meM sabase prAcIna aura uttama dhanaJjaya kA dvisandhAna kAvya ( 8vIM zatAbdI ) hai / jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA meM 11vIM zatI ke eka paMca saMghAna' mahAkAvya kI kannaDa pANDulipi upalabdha hai / isake racayitA zAntirAjakavi haiM / etadviSayaka 11vIM zatAbdI kI eka racanA sUrAcAryakRta neminAtha-carita' ( nAbheyanemidvisandhAna ) ( saM0 1090 ) hai / isake zleSamaya padyoM se neminAtha ke sAtha RSabhadeva ke jIvanacarita kA artha bhI ghaTita hotA hai / isa prakAra kI eka dUsarI racanA nAbheyanemidvisandhAna ( 12vIM zatI) hai | isa kAvya meM bhI nemi aura RSabha kI kathAe~ samAnAntara rUpa se varNita haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki isakA saMzodhana kavicakravartI zrIpAla ne kiyA hai / isa kAvya kI pANDulipiyA~ bar3audA aura pATana bhaNDAra meM surakSita haiM / 522 prasiddha AcArya hemacandra ke ziSya vardhamAnagaNi ne kumAravihAraprazastikAvya banAyA / usameM 87vA~ padya aisA adbhuta anekArthI nirmita kiyA ki prAraMbha meM usake unhoMne 6 artha nikAle para pIche unake ziSya ne 116 artha kiye| unameM 31 kumArapAla, 41 hemacandrAcArya aura 109 artha vAgbhaTa maMtrI ke sambandha meM nikalate haiM / yaha padya TIkA ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai / " vardhamAnagaNi ke samakAlIna somaprabhAcArya ne zatArthika kAvya ke rUpa meM eka padya kI racanA kI aura usa para apanI TIkA likhI / isase unhoMne 106 artha nikAle haiM jinameM 24 tIrthaMkara, brahmA, viSNu, maheza tathA caulukya nRpa jayasiMha, kumArapAla, ajayapAla Adi ke artha zAmila haiM / yaha bhI prakAza meM A gayA hai| 9. kAvyamAlA, granthAMka 57, nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI, 1926. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 229. 3. vahI, pR0 216. 4. vahI, pR0 210. 5. anekArtha- sAhitya-saMgraha, prAcIna sAhityodvAra granthAvalI, puSpa 2, ahamadAbAda. 6. vahI, pR0 1 68. vahI, pR0 68-134.

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lalita vAGmaya pIche 15vIM se 20vIM zatI taka jaina kaviyoM ne isa dizA meM pracura racanAeM likhiiN| unameM mahopAdhyAya samayasundararacita 'aSTalakSI' (saM. 1649) bhAratIya kAvya-sAhitya kA hI nahIM, vizva-sAhitya kA advitIya ratna hai| kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra akabara kI sabhA meM jainoM ke 'egassa suttassa bhaNaMto astho' vAkya kA kisI ne upahAsa kiyaa| yaha bAta ukta mahopAdhyAya ko burI lagI aura ukta sUtravAkya kI sArthakatA batalAne ke lie 'rAjAno dadate sokhyam' isa ATha akSara vAle vAkya ke dasa lAkha bAIsa hajAra cAra sau sAta artha kiye aura vidvAnoM ke samakSa akabara ko sunaaye| isase saba cakita ho gye| pIche kavi ne ukta arthoM meM se asambhava yA yA janAviruddha arthoM ko nikAla kara isa grantha kA 'aSTa lakSA" nAma rakhA / kavi lAbhavijaya ne 'tamo durvArarAgAdi vairivAra nivaarnne| ahaM te yoginAthAya mahAvIrAya tAyine // ' isa padya ke pA~ca sau artha kiye haiN| isa prakAra kI anya racanAoM meM manohara aura zobhanaracita catussaMdhAnakAvya kA ullekha milatA hai / isa prasaMga meM narendrakIrti ke ziSya paM0 jagannAtha (saM0 1699) kI do racanAeM 'saptasandhAna' aura 'caturviMzatisaMdhAna' bhI ullekhanIya haiM / pichale grantha meM zleSamaya eka hI padya se 24 tIrthakaroM kA arthabodha hotA hai / baha padya nimnalikhita hai: zreyAn zrIvAsupUjyo vRSabhajinapatiH zrIdrumAGko'tha dharmo, haryaGkaH puSpadanto munisuvratajino'nantavAk zrIsupAvaH / zAntiH padmaprabhoro vimalavibhurasau vardhamAno'pyajAko, mallirneminamirmI sumatiravatu sacchrIjagannAthadhIram / / isa kAvya ke saMskRta TIkAkAra svayaM kavi jagannAtha hI haiN| kucha vidvAn paNDitarAja jagannAtha ( rasagaMgAdharakAra ) ukta padya ke racayitA ko mAnate haiN| 1. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, granthAMka 81. 2. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 8, kiraNa 1. 3. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 5, kiraNa 4, pR. 225.

Page #537
524 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa para TIkA ke anta meM dI huI puSpikA se spaSTa hai ki kavi ukta paNDitarAja se 'bhinna hI hai| 18vIM sadI ke mahopAdhyAya meghavijaya kI racanA 'saptasandhAna' (saM0 1760) bhI anupama hai / yaha kAvya 9 sargo' meM likhA gayA hai| pratyeka zleSamaya padya se RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ina pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM evaM rAma aura kRSNa ina 7 mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA artha nikalatA hai| ukta kAvyoM ke atirikta anekArthaviSayaka kaI stotra bhI pAye gaye haiM, yathA jJAnasAgarasUriracita navakhaNDapArzvastava, somatilakasUriracita vividhArthamayasarvajJastotra, ratnazekharasUriracita navagrahagarbhitapArzvastavana tathA pAzvastava, meghavijayaracita paMcatIrthIstuti, samayasundararacita dvayarthakarNapAzvastava Adi / yahA~ saMdhAna viSayaka do kAvyoM kA vizeSa paricaya diyA jAtA hai / dvisandhAnamahAkAvya : ___ isa mahAkAvya' meM 18 sarga haiN| kAvya kA yaha nAma racanA ke sA~ce ko sUcita karatA hai jisakA pratyeka padya do artha pradAna karatA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma rAghavapANDavIya bhI hai| yaha nAma kAvya kI kathAvastu kI sUcanA detA hai arthAt isa kAvya meM rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI kathA eka sAtha bar3I kuzalatA se grathita kI gaI hai| ina donoM mahAkAvyoM se sambaddha kathAcakra bhAratIya sAMskRtika paramparA kA avibhAjya aMga bana gayA hai aura koI bhI kavi eka kAla meM eka sAtha donoM kI viSayavastu ko yadi grahaNa kare to vaha saralatA se aisA kara sakatA hai / vizeSakara isalie ki ina kathAoM kA varNana karane vAle aneka svatantra mahAkAvya upalabdha haiM jinameM kisI eka ke cayana aura vivecana ke lie aneka prakAra ke vicAra aura sandarbha diye gaye haiM / usa 1. vahI, bhAga 8, kiraNa 1, pR. 24 meM zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA lekha. 2. kAvyamAlA sirIja, saMkhyA 41, bambaI, 1895, jinaratnakoza, pR0 185; bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se nemicandra kI TIkA ke sAtha prakAzita, 1970; isa kAvya ke mahAkAvyatva aura anya guNoM ke lie dekheM-DA. nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 363-387.

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lalita vAhAya 525 samaya ke sAhitya meM 'rAghavapANDavIya' zIrSaka bar3A priya thaa| kavi dhanaMjaya kI kRti ke atirikta kavirAja aura zrutakIrti Adi kaviyoM ne isa nAmavAlI kRtiyA~ likhI haiM aura isa prakAra ke nAmavAlI--rAghavayAdavIya, rAghava. pANDava-yAdavIya Adi kRtiyA~ bhI haiN| jo ho, dhanaMjaya kI apanI kRti kA pradhAna nAma 'dvisaMdhAna' hai aura mahAkavi daNDI ke bAda vaha isa prakAra ke lekhakoM meM agraNI thaa| 'rAghava-pANDavIya' kevala gauNa nAma pratIta hotA hai| kathAvastu-kAvya ke AraMbha meM maMgala padya meM munisuvrata athavA nemi (zleSa dvArA) tathA sarasvatI ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| phira zleSAlaMkAra kI sahAyatA se rAma aura pANDavoM kI kathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prathama sarga meM ayodhyA aura hastinApura kA varNana hai| dUsare sarga meM dazaratha aura pANDurAja kA. tosare meM rAghavakauravotpatti, caturtha meM rAghava-pANDavAraNyagamana, pAMcaveM meM tumula yuddha, chaThe meM kharadUSaNa-vadha aura gograhanivartana, sAtaveM meM sItA-haraNa, aSTama meM laGkA-dvArAvatIprasthAna, navama meM mAyA-sugrIva-vigraha tathA jarAsaMdhabalavidrAvaNa, dasaveM meM lakSmaNa-sugrIva-vivAda tathA jarAsaMghadUta evaM nArAyaNa ke bIca vivAda, gyArahaveM meM sugrIva-jAmba-hanumAna ke bIca parAmarza evaM nArAyaNapANDavAdi parAmarza, bArahaveM meM lakSmaNa dvArA tathA vAsudeva dvArA koTizilA kA uddharaNa, teraha meM hanumannArAyaNadUtAbhigamana, caudahaveM meM sainyaprayANa, pandrahaveM meM kusumAvacaya evaM jalakrIr3A-varNana, solahave meM saMgrAma-varNana, satrahaveM meM rAtrisaMbhogavarNana aura aThArahaveM meM rAvaNa evaM jarAsaMdha kA vadha tathA yAdava-pANDavoM kI niSkaNTaka rAjyaprApti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne isa kathA ko gaNadhara gotama ke dvArA zreNika ke lie kahI gaI batAyA hai, jaisA ki prAyaH sabhI digambara jaina kavi apanI kathAvastuoM ke prati kahate haiM / kavi ne ghaTanAoM ke kathanoM kI apekSA mahattvapUrNa varNanoM para hI adhika bala diyA hai| anya jaina kAvyoM kI apekSA isa kAvya meM kucha vizeSatAe~ ye haiM ki isake kisI bhI sarga meM jaina siddhAnta yA niyamoM kA vivecana nahIM hai jabaki anya kAvyoM ke kisI eka sarga meM aisA rahatA hai| sabhI baina kAvya prAyaH mukhya nAyaka ke nirvANagamana para samApta hote haiM parantu yaha kAvya nirvighna rAjyaprApti para hI samApta ho jAtA hai| isa kAvya kI bhASA kliSTa saMskRta hai jise samajhane ke lie zrama kI AvazyakatA hai| isa kAvya ke adhikAMza padya vividha alaMkAroM se sajAye gaye

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526 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa haiM / TIkAkAra nemi candra ne inheM apano TIkA padakaumudI meM bhalIbhAMti dikhAyA hai| antima sarga meM (vizeSakara padya saMkhyA 43 prabhRti meM) zabdAlaMkAroM ke aneka bhedoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / yaha pravRtti bhAravi, mAgha Adi kaviyoM meM bhI dekhI jAtI hai| padya saMkhyA 143 sarvagata pratyAgata kA udAharaNa hai| __isa kAvya ke AThaveM sarga ko chor3a pratyeka sarga meM eka prakAra ke chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai aura sargAnta ke katipaya padyoM meM aneka prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kula milAkara 31 vividha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| isake aThAraha sargoM meM kula padyasaMkhyA 1105 hai| yaha kAvya apane se 'pUrvavatI racanAoM-raghuvaMza. meghadUta, kirAtArjunIya evaM zizupAlavadha se anuprANita hai| kaviparicara aura racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke racayitA mahAkavi dhanaMjaya haiN| kavi ne apane vaMza yA guruvaMza Adi kA kucha bhI ullekha kisI bhI grantha meM nahIM kiyA ora na apane pUrvavartI kisI kavi yA AcArya kA ullekha kiyA hai|| TIkAkAra nemicandra ne isa kAvya ke antima padya kI vyAkhyA meM kavi ke pitA kA nAma vasudeva, mAtA kA nAma zrIdevI aura guru kA nAma dazaratha sUcita kiyA hai / saMbhavataH kavi gRhastha thaa| dhanaMjaya kI yaha kRti apane hI yuga meM bar3I utkRSTa samajhI jAne lagI thI aura isa kAvya kI racanA ke kAraNa hI kavi 'dvisaMdhAnakavi' nAma se prasiddha ho gayA thaa| kavi ne apane utkRSTa kAvya ko akalaMka ke pramANazAstra aura pUjyapAda ke vyAkaraNa ke samAna ucca koTi kA kahA hai : pramANamakalaMkasya pUjyapAdasya lakSaNam / dvisaMdhAna kaveH kAvyaM ratnatrayamapazcimam / / nAmamAlA,201. kavi aura usake kAvya kI khyAti pazcAtkAlIna kaviyoM meM bahuta thii| dhArAnareza bhoja ne apane'zRMgAraprakAza' (11vIM zatI kA madhya) meM 'daNDino dhanaayasya vA dvisaMdhAnaprabaMdhau rAmAyaNamahAbhAratAvanubadhnAti dvArA ukta kavi kA smaraNa kiyA hai / bhoja ke samakAlIna prabhAcandrAcArya ne bhI apane grantha 1. bhoja, zRMgAraprakAza, madrAsa, 1962, pR0 406.

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527 lalita vAGmaya prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM isa kAvya kA ullekha kiyA hai| vAdirAja ne apane pArzvanAthacarita ( san 1025) meM dvisaMdhAna kI prazaMsA meM likhA hai| anekabhedasandhAnAH khananto hRdaye muhuH / bANA dhanaJjayonmuktAH karNasyeva priyAH katham / / arthAt aneka (do) prakAra ke sandhAna ( nizAnA aura artha ) vAle aura hRdaya meM bAraMbAra cubhane vAle dhanaMjaya (arjuna aura dhanaMjaya kavi ) ke bANa (aura zabda ) karNa ko (kuntIputra karNa aura kAnoM ko) priya kaise hoMge ? isI taraha kannaDa kavi durgasiMha ( san 1025 ke lagabhaga ) ne apane grantha paMcataMtra meM dhanaMjaya aura unake rAghavapANDavIya kA smaraNa kiyA hai| dUsare kannaDa kavi nAgavarmA (san 1090 ke lagabhaga) ne bhI apane grantha 'chandombudhi' meM dhanaMjaya kA ullekha kiyA hai| dhanaMjaya aura dvisaMdhAna ko prazaMsA meM mahAkavi rAjazekhara ( san 900 ke lagabhaga) ne eka padya isa prakAra likhA hai (isakA saMgraha jalhaNa ( 12vIM sadI) ne apanI 'sUktimuktAvali' meM kiyA hai ): dvisaMdhAne nipuNatAM satAM cakre dhanaMjayaH / yayA jAtaM phalaM tasya satAM cakre dhnnyjyH|| dhanaMjaya ne dvisaMdhAna meM jo nipuNatA prApta kI usase unheM sajjanoM ke samUha meM dhana aura jayarUpa phala prApta huaa| yadyapi dhanaMjaya ne apane kinhIM granthoM meM apane samaya kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA parantu uparyukta ullekhoM se unake samaya-nirNaya meM avazya sahAyatA milatI hai| dhanaMjaya kI uttarAvadhi rAjazekhara, bhoja, prabhAcandra, vAdirAja Adi ke dvArA kiye ullekhoM se 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva baiThatI hai kyoMki usa zatAbdI taka vaha pUrNa khyAti prApta kara cukA thaa| usakI uttarAvadhi ko aura sImita karane ke lie eka aura pramANa hai| usake anyatama grantha 'anekArthanAmamAlA' ke eka padya kA uddharaNa 9vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya vIrasena (san 816 ) ne apanI pavalA TIkA meM diyA hai| vaha padya hai :

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528 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa hetAvevaM prakArAdau vyavacchede viparyaye / prAdurbhAve samAptau ca iti zabdaH prakIrtitaH / / isase dhanaMjaya kA samaya 9vIM zatAbdI ke bAda nahIM ho sakatA / pUrvAvadhi ke lie dhanaMjaya kI nAmamAlA kA uparyukta padya 'pramANamakalaMkasya' uddhRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa padya ke akalaMka kA samaya 7-8vIM zatAbdI hai / ataH dhanaMjaya usase pUrva nahIM ho sakate / saMkSepa meM hama dhanaMjaya ko AThavIM ke madhya aura san 816 ke bIca kabhI huA mAna sakate haiN|' ___ kavi kI anya kRtiyoM meM upalabdha nAmamAlA anekArthanAmamAlA nAmaka laghu evaM upayogI koza tathA viSApahAra stotra hai| inakI eka anya kRti yazodharacarita thii| bhahAraka zAnakIrti (vi0saM0 1650) ne apane yazodharacarita meM pUrva ke 7 yazodharacaritoM ke kartAoM ke nAma diye haiM jinameM dhanaMjaya kA bhI hai| sambhava hai ye dhanaMjaya koI dUsare ho kyoMki vi0saM0 1650 ke pUrva kisI anya lekhaka ne isa mahAkavi ke yazodharacarita kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| unakI anupama lekhanI se prasUta kRti kA isa boca itane dinoM taka azAta rahanA sambhava na thaa| disaMdhAna apane prakAra kA sarvazreSTha aura saMbhavataH upalabdha prathama kAvya hai| isake anukaraNa para pIche isa prakAra kI kAvya-paramparA cala pdd'ii| bhutakIrti vidya (san 1100-1150) kA rAghavapANDavIya, mAdhavamaTTa kA rAghavapANDavIya, saMdhyAkaranandi kA rAmacarita, haridattasUri kA rAghavanaiSadhIya, cidambarakRta rAghavapANDavayAdavIya Adi isI paramparA ke kAvya haiN| disaMdhAna kAvya para kucha TokAeM upalabdha haiN| unameM eka padakaumudI hai jisake kartA vinayacandra ke ziSya aura padmanandi ke ziSya nemicandra haiN| dUsarI rAghavapANDavIyaprakAzikA hai jisake kartA paravAdigharaTTa rAmabhaTTa ke putra kavi devara hai| ina donoM kA samaya zAta nahIM hai| 1. dhanaMjaya aura dvisaMdhAna kAvya para eka vistRta lekha ga0 mA0 ne* upAdhye ne vizvezvarAnanda iNDolaoNjikala jarnala (mArca-sita. 1970, bhA. 8,01-2, pR0 125-135) meM likhA hai| 2. jinarasnakoza, pR. 185 bhaura 319, jaina sAhitya mora ivikAsa, pR0 1.8 prabhRti.

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lalita vAGmaya 529 saptasaMdhAna: meghavijayagaNi ke ullekhAnusAra eka saptasaMdhAna mahAkAvya' kI racanA aneka granthoM ke lekhaka prasiddha AcArya hemacandra ne kI thI jo ki pUrva meM hI lupta ho gayA thaa| upalabdha dUsare saptasaMdhAna mahAkAvya kI racanA medhavijayagANi ne kI hai| isa kAvya ke pratyeka zleSamaya padya se RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pAva aura mahAvIra ina pA~ca tIrthakaroM evaM rAma tathA kRSNa ina sAta mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA artha nikalatA hai| isa kAvya meM 9 sarga hai| isakA kathAnaka pUrvavartI racanAoMtriSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita Adi se liyA gayA hai| kathAvastu-bharatakSetra meM kozala, kuru, madhya aura magadha deza nAma ke janapadoM meM kramazaH ayodhyA, hastinApurI, zauryapurI, vArANasI, mathurA aura kuNDapura nagariyA~ haiN| inameM se ayodhyA meM RSabhadeva aura rAmacandra kA hastinApurI meM zAntinAtha kA, zauryapurI meM neminAtha kA, vArANasI meM pArzvanAtha kA, vaizAlI meM mahAvIra kA aura mathurA meM zrIkRSNa kA janma huA thA / ina nagariyoM meM rahane vAle ukta mahApuruSoM ke pitRnAmoM ke ullekha ke pazcAt ukta mahApuruSoM kI mAtAoM ko garbhadhAraNa ke pUrva svapnadarzana tathA svapnaphalazravaNa ke varNana ke sAtha prathama sarga samApta ho jAtA hai| dUsare sarga meM ukta pA~ca tIrthakaroM ke janma aura janmAbhiSeka kA varNana hai| tRtIya meM ukta sAta mahApuruSoM ke bAlyakAla, yuvAvasthA aura rAjyaprApti kA varNana hai| caturtha sarga meM tIrthaMkaroM ke rAjA hote hI deza kI sampatti kA vikAsa, RSabhAdi ko putrAdi kI prApti ke varNana ke sAtha zrIkRSNakAlIna kaurava-pANDavoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa sarga ke antima bhAga meM kavi ne zleSa ke AdhAra para RSama, zAnti, nemi, pAvaM, mahAvIra aura rAma kI jIvana-ghaTanAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| rAma antaHpura ke SaDyantra ke kAraNa vana jAte haiM, bharata virakta hokara rAjyazAsana kA saMcAlana karate haiN| tIrthakara dIkSA grahaNa karane kI taiyArI karate haiN| - 1. jinarasnakoza, pR. 416; abhayadevasUri granthamAlA, bIkAnera; vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA (saMkhyA 3), vArANasI, 19.7, jaina sAhityavardhaka sabhA, sUrata, vi0 saM0 2000, zrImad vijayAmRtasUrIzvaraviracita 'saraNI' TIkAsahita prakAzita.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pA~caveM sarga meM tIrthakara dIkSA grahaNa kara vibhinna dezoM meM vihAra karate haiM, ve kaThora tapazcaraNa karate haiM tathA bAIsa parISara aura aneka prakAra ke upasarga sahana karate haiM / tadanantara rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA kA vanavAsa varNana, lakSmaNa dvArA zUrpaNakhA ko daNDita kiyA jAnA, rAvaNa dvArA sItA kA apaharaNa, hanumAna dvArA sItA kI khoja aura rAvaNa kI sabhA ko AtaMkita karanA varNita hai / zrIkRSNa ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki zizupAla- jarAsandha se lar3ane ke lie unhoMne pANDavoM se dRr3ha mitratA kI aura dvArakA ko sudRr3ha banAyA / 530 chaThe sarga meM tIrthaMkaroM dvArA karmoM kI nirjarA kara kevalajJAna prApta karanA tathA devoM dvArA kevalajJAna-kalyANa kI pUjA karane ke varNana ke bAda rAma dvArA rAvaNa para sugrIva Adi kI sahAyatA se vijaya prApta karanA aura zrIkRSNa dvArA apane zatruoM kA unmUlana kara ardhacakravartI pada prApta karanA varNita hai| sAtaveM sarga meM tIrthakaroM ke samavasaraNa kI racanA, bharata Adi rAjAoM kI upasthiti, tIrthakaroM dvArA vihAra aura usase prANiyoM ke kalyANa ke varNana ke bAda - tuoM kA varNana aura tIrthakaroM ke upadeza se aneka vyaktiyoM dvArA dIkSAgrahaNa karanA Adi varNita hai| aSTama sarga meM bharata cakravartI kI digvijayayAtrA evaM zilAtIrtha para jinapratimAoM kA bandana tathA bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke mokSagamana ke bAda bharata dvArA unakI paripAlita bhUmi kI rakSA karane kA tathA rAma-kRSNa ke pakSa meM aneka nRpoM para vijaya kA varNana diyA gayA hai / 7-8veM sargoM kI vizeSatA 1 yaha hai ki inameM vividha chandoM ke prayoga haiN| yamakAlaMkAra ke sabhI bhedoM aura antima bheda mahAyamaka ke bhI udAharaNa diye gaye haiM / navama sarga meM RSabha kI saMsAra meM vyApta kIrti ke varNana pUrvaka anya tIrthakaroM kI nirvANaprApti kA varNana diyA gayA hai / isake bAda rAma dvArA ayodhyA ke rAjya kI prApti, sItA se do putroM kI prApti, sItA kI agniparIkSA evaM usake dvArA saMsAra se virakta ho dIkSA dhAraNa karanA tathA kAlAntara meM rAma kI virakti, tapasyA evaM nirvANaprApti kA varNana diyA gayA hai| isI taraha zrIkRSNa dvArA dvArakA kI rakSA, yAdavoM ke upadrava se dvaipAyana muni dvArA dvArakA kA sarvanAza tathA balarAma dvArA virakta ho tapasyA karake nirvANa prApti ke varNana ke sAtha kAvya kI samApti hotI hai| isa kAvya meM kula milAkara 442 padya haiM / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake racayitA tapAgaccha ke prasiddha upAdhyAya meghavijaya haiN| inake paricaya aura inakI kRtiyoM ke viSaya meM hama anyatra

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lalita vAGmaya inakI eka kRti laghutriSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita ke prasaMga meM paryApta kaha Aye haiM / isa graMtha kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1760 meM huI thI / gadyakAvya : saMpUrNa saMskRta kAvya- sAhitya meM saMskRta meM gadyakAvya likhanA kaviyoM kI rai vadanti' / 531 1 gadyakAvyoM kI saMkhyA ginI-cunI hai kasauTI mAnA gayA hai-- 'gadyaM kavInAM IsvI 6ThI zatI se 8vIM zatI taka gadyakAvya ke kucha namUne subandhu kI 'vAsavadattA', bANa kI 'kAdambarI' aura 'harSacarita' tathA daNDI ke 'dazakumAracarita' ke rUpa meM mile haiN| phira do zatAbdI bAda dhanapAla kI 'tilakamaMjarI' aura vAdIbhasiMha kI 'gadyacintAmaNi' ke rUpa meM do jaina gadyakAvyoM ke darzana hote haiN| ina donoM kA saMkSita paricaya prastuta hai : tilakamaMjarI : yaha eka gadya-AkhyAyikA hai / isa kAvya kA nAma nAyikA ke nAma se rakhA gayA hai aura yaha pUrva kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM, yathA bANa kI kAdambarI aura udyotanasUri kI kuvalayamAlA Adi ke anukaraNa para hI racita hai / kathAvastu -- kozala deza ke ikSvAku nRpa meghavAhana aura rAnI madirAvatI ko niHsantAna hone se duHkha thA / putra-prApti ke lie vana meM jAkara devopAsanA karane kA vicAra huA para eka vaimAnika deva ke anurodha para ghara para hI zrIdevI kI upAsanA kI gaI / prasanna devI ne rAjA ko putra prApti kA varadAna aura bAlAruNa nAmaka aMgUThI pradAna kI / putra kA nAma harivAhana rakhA gayA / vaha dhIre-dhIre vRddhiMgata hokara sabhI vidyAoM kA pAragAmI ho gyaa| eka samaya eka 1. viyadrasamunIndUnAM (1760 vi0 saM0) pramANAt parivatsare / kRto ymudymH....| saptasandhAna prAntaprazasti. 2. kAvyamAlA sirIja, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1938, zAntisUriracita TippaNI tathA vijayalAvaNyasUriracita TIkA ( parAga ) ke sAtha, vijayalAvaNyasUrIzvara jJAnamandira, boTAda, vi0 saM0 2008; guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRtigrantha, pR0 484-91 meM DA0 harIndrabhUSaNa jaina kA lekha "mahAkavi dhanapAla aura unakI tilakamaMjarI'.

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532 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa dUta ne ukta rAjA ko usake pradhAna senApati vajrAyudha kI dakSiNa-vijaya kA samAcAra sunAyA aura kahA ki usa vijaya meM eka samaraketu nAmaka kumAra ko, jo ghAyala par3A huA thA, vajrAyudha uThA lAyA hai aura use rAjA ke samIpa bhejA hai| rAjA ne usa kumAra ko apane putravat rakhA aura harivAhana tathA samaraketu dAnoM mitravat rahane lge| eka bAra eka krIr3AmaNDapa meM manoraMjana meM vyasta kumAra ko eka bandIputra ne eka tADapatra lAkara diyA jisameM eka AryAchanda likhA huA thaa| usakA artha samaraketu ke sivAya koI na samajha sakA / samaraketu isake bAda hI bar3A udAsa dikhAI pdd'aa| anya logoM ke bAra-bAra pUchane para usane dakSiNa dizA meM dvIpAntaroM meM apanI sAmudrika vijaya-yAtrA' kA vistAra se varNana kiyA aura vahA~ kAMcInareza kusumazekhara kI rUpavatI putrI malayasundarI ke prati tIvra AkarSaNa kI bAta kaha usakI smRti se vyAkula ho gyaa| isI bIca eka pratIhArI ne rAjakumAra harivAhana ko eka sundarI kA citra dikhAyA jise gandharvaka nAmaka yuvaka lAyA thaa| gandharvaka ne batalAyA ki yaha vidyAdhara nRpa cakrasena kI putrI tilakamaMjarI kA citra hai jo puruSamAtra ko AkRti se aruci karatI hai| zAyada kisI apUrvasundara rAjakumAra ke darzana se usakI yaha aruci haTa sake isalie vaha pRthvItala para aise rAjakumAra ke citra ko utAra kara usake pAsa le jAne ke lie prayatnazIla hai aura abhI vaha kAMcInareza kusumazekhara ke pAsa apane rAjA kA sandeza lekara jA rahA hai| yaha sunakara samaraketu ne kAMcI kI rAjakumArI malayasundarI ke pAsa sandeza bhejane kA acchA maukA pAyA aura use likhakara vaha sandeza diyA bhii| gandharvaka ke cale jAne para harivAhana ke citta meM tilakamaMjarI kI dhuna laga gii| eka samaya ve donoM rAjakumAra anya mitroM ke sAtha dezAntarabhramaNa meM nikale aura kAmarUpa deza phuNce| usa deza ke rAjA ne unakA khUba satkAra kiyaa| vahA~ harivAhana ne eka bigar3e hAtho ko apane vaza meM kara liyaa| hAthI thor3I dera bAda apanI pITha para baiThane para harivAhana ko lekara na jAne kidhara 1. ga. motIcandra ne jarnala oNpha uttara pradeza hisTorikala sosAiTI ke bhAga 20, aMka 1-2 meM ukta aMza kA anuvAda prakaTa kara tatkAlIna nAvikataMtra para acchA prakAza DAlA hai|

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lalita vAGmaya gAyaba ho gayA / kucha kAla bAda eka zuka ne harivAhana kA samAcAra eka dUta ko diyA jise sunakara samaraketu usakI khoja meM nikala par3A aura dhIre-dhIre vaitAbya parvata ke adRSTapAra nAmaka sarovara ke pAsa pahu~ca gayA / vahAM vizrAma karate hue usane eka ati madhura svara sunA aura usakA anusaraNa karake usane eka sundara maTha meM gandharvaka ko dekhA aura kadalIvana meM kumAra harivAhana ko dekhA, donoM milakara bahuta prasanna hue| harivAhana ne samaraketu se tilakamaMjarI ke darzana kI bAta kahI aura sAtha hI pAsa meM eka vana meM eka tApasa kanyA ko bhI dekhane kI bAta kahI jA anya koI nahIM balki samaraketu kI premikA malayasundarI thI aura jo usake viraha meM vahA~ tapasyA kara rahI thI / harivAhana usakA atithi bana kara rahane lgaa| vahIM tilakamaMjarI kA harivAhana ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hane lagA aura donoM patrAdipreSaNa dvArA vyAkula hone lge| isI bIca ve loga eka maharSi dvArA cAroM ke pUrvajanma ke vRttAnta ko jAna ske| ___ anta meM harivAhana kA vivAha tilakamaMjarI se aura samaraketu kA malayasundarI se ho jAtA hai aura AkhyAyikA bhI samApta hotI hai| bANakRta kAdambarI aura tilakamaMjarI kI kathAvastu meM bahuta samAnatA hai| jisa taraha kAdambarI kAvya kinhIM upavibhAgoM meM vibhakta nahIM hai usI taraha tilakamaMjarI bhI vibhakta nahIM hai| donoM kathAoM kA prArambha padyoM se hotA hai jinameM donoM kaviyoM ne kathA, gadya evaM campU ke viSaya meM apane vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM / donoM kathAoM meM gadya ke bIca meM yatra-tatra padyoM kA prayoga huA hai| jisa taraha kAdambarI kI nAyikA gandharvakulotpanna kAdambarI vivAha ke pahale parakIyA evaM mugdhA tathA vivAha ke bAda svakIyA evaM madhyA hai usI prakAra tilakamaMjarI kI nAyikA vidyAdharI tilakamaMjarI pahale parakIyA evaM mugdhA tathA pazcAt svakIyA evaM madhyA hai| isakA pradhAna nAyaka harivAhana aura sahanAyaka samaraketu Apasa meM kAdambarI ke candrApIDa aura vaizampAyana kI hI bhAMti parama mitra haiM tathA anukUla evaM dhIrodAtta haiN| nAyaka kI nAyikA se bheMTa bhI kAdambarI ke samAna hI hai| ina donoM meM prathama upanAyikA aura tadanantara nAyikA AtI hai| upanAyikA malayavatI aura usake tapa kI vidhi kA varNana mahAzvetA kI hI bhAMti hai| donoM gadhoM ke kathAnaka ke anya aMzoM meM bhI samAnatA dikhAI par3atI hai, yathA kAdambarI meM ujayinI kA nRpa tArApIDa aura rAnI vilAsavatI niHsantAna hone ke kAraNa duHkhI haiN| tilakamaMjarI meM

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534 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad irihAsa meghavAhana aura rAnI madirAvatI bhI putra prApti na hone se duHkhI haiN| donoM kathAoM meM samAna rUpa se devatAoM kI pUjA Adi putrotpatti meM nimitta batalAye gaye haiM / tilakamaMjarI meM ayodhyA kA zakrAvatAra siddhAyatana (jaina maMdira ) kAdambarI meM ujjayinI ke mahAkAla devAyatana kI yAda dilAtA hai / kAdambarI ke samAna hI tilakamaMjarI meM aneka laukika aura alaukika ( vidyAdharajagat ) pAtroM ko kathAnaka meM avatarita kiyA gayA hai / zailI kI dRSTi se bhI donoM kAvyoM meM samAnatA hai| donoM ne zabdAlaMkAroM aura arthAlaMkAroM ke prayoga dvArA ghaTanA tathA varNana ko bojhila banAyA hai / arthAlaMkAroM meM bANa ko parisaMkhyAlaMkAra aura virodhAbhAsa atipriya haiM usI taraha tilakamaMjarIkAra ko bhI donoM alaMkAra priya haiN| kathA aura zailI meM sAdRzya hote hue bhI kAdambarI ko tilakamaMjarI kA pIoya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kAdambarI kA upajIvya jisa taraha guNADhya kI bRhatkathA hai usI taraha tilakamaMjarI ke upajIvya usase pUrva kI aneka kRtiyAM haiM / ' tilakamaMjarI meM anya gadyakAvyoM kI apekSA kaI vizeSatAeM haiM : 1. isake dya adhika lambe aura aneka padoM se nirmita samAsa kI bahulatA se rahita haiM, 2. isameM adhika zleSAlaMkAra kI bharamAra nahIM hai, 3. isameM agaNita vizeSaNoM kA ADambara nahIM hai, isase kathA ke AsvAda meM camatkRti hai, 4. isameM zrutyanuprAsa dvArA zravaNa-madhuratA utpanna kI gaI hai Adi / kavi ne ise 'adbhutarasA racitA kathA' kahA | yaha kAvya apane varNana vaividhya evaM vaicitrya ke kAraNa bANa se Age bar3ha gayA hai / isameM sAMskRtika jIvana, rAjAoM kA vaibhava, unake vinoda ke sAdhana, tatkAlIna goSThiyAM, aneka prakAra ke vastroM ke nAma, nAvika taMtra yuddhAstra Adi kA jItA-jAgatA varNana milatA hai / 1. prAraMbhika pathoM meM kavi ne apane se pUrvavartI kaviyoM aura unakI kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 2. vijayalAvaNyasUrIzvara jJAnamandira, boTAda se prakAzita tilakamaMjarI kI prastAvanA, pR0 14-16.

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lalita vAGmaya 539 yaha gadyakAvya aitihAsika mahattva kA bhI hai| isake prArambha meM vArA ke paramAra rAjAoM kI vairisiMha se lekara bhoja taka vaMzAvalI dI gayI hai| kavi svayaM paramAra rAjA muJja kI sabhA kA sadasya thA tathA ukta rAjA dvArA sarasvatI pada se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thA / _racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA kA nAma dhanapAla hai| kavi ke pitA kA nAma sarvadeva aura pitAmaha kA nAma devarSi thaa| pitAmaha madhyadeza ke sAMkAzya nAmaka grAma ( vartamAna pharrukhAbAda jile meM 'saMkisa' nAmaka grAma) ke mUla nivAsI brAhmaNa the aura ujayinI meM A base the| dhanapAla kA zobhana nAmaka eka anuja aura sundarI nAmaka eka bahina thii| kavi veda-vedAMga Adi ke paNDita the / kahA jAtA hai ki dhanapAla ke anuja zobhana jaina muni ho gaye the aura apane anuja se prabhAvita hokara kavi ne jainadharma grahaNa kara liyaa| dhanapAla ke sambandha meM prabhAvakacarita ke 'mahendrasUriprabaMdha', prabaMdhacintAmaNi ke 'dhanapAlaprabaMdha', ratnamandiragaNi ke 'bhojaprabaMdha' Adi meM kaI AkhyAna diye gaye haiN| dhanapAla kA samaya muMja aura bhoja ke samakAlIna hone se vikrama kI 11vIM zatI hai| inakI anya racanAoM meM pAiyalacchonAmamAlA, RSabhapaMcAzikA aura vIrathui milatI haiN| kavi ne pAiyalacchInAmamAlA kI racanA vi0 saM0 1029 meM dhArA nagarI meM apanI choTI bahina sundarI ke lie kI thii| dhanapAla ne tilakamaMjarI ko racanA rAjA bhoja ke jinAgamokta kathA sunane ke kutUhala ko miTAne ke lie kI hai| 1. padya 38-51. 2. padya 53 : zrImuMjena sarasvatIti sadasi kSoNibhRtA vyAhRtaH / 3. vikkamakAlassa gae auNattIsuttare sahassammi...... kajje kaNihabahiNIe 'sundarI' nAma dhijjaae| 4. niHzeSa vAGmayavido'pi jinAgamoktAH, zrotuM kathAH samupajAtakutUhalasya / tasyAvadAtacaritasya vinodahetoH, rAjJaH sphuTAdbhutarasA racitA katheyam //

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa tilakamaMjarIkathAsAra : dhanapAla ke prasiddha gadyakAvya 'tilakamaMjarI' ke AdhAra se anuSTubh chanda meM 'tilakamaMjarIsAra' kI racanA huI hai| isameM 1200 se kucha adhika padya haiN| isake racayitA eka anya dhanapAla haiM jo aNahillapura ke pallIvAla jaina kula meM utpanna hue the / ukta dhanapAla ne isakI racanA kArtika sudI aSTamI, guruvAra vi0 saM0 1261 meM samApta kI thii| gadyacintAmaNi : __yaha dvitIya gadya kAvya hai| isake lekhaka ne jIvandhara ke laukika kathAnaka ko lekara sarala se sarala saMskRta padyoM meM kSatracUDAmaNi jaise laghu kAvya kI sRSTi kI to alaMkRta gadyakAvya zailI meM kaThina se kaThina saMskRta meM gadyacintAmaNi kii| ___ yaha gadya kAvya kSatracUDAmaNi ke samAna hI 11 lambhoM meM vibhakta hai aura usI ke anusAra jIvaMdhara kA carita isameM varNita hai| isameM vizeSatA yaha hai ki kavi ko apane apratima kalpanAvaibhava, varNanapaTutA evaM mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ke mArmika citraNa kA khulakara avasara milA hai| isa kAvya meM anya kalAvAdI kaviyoM ke samAna hI kavi ne zabdakrIr3A-kutUhala dikhAyA hai. bhAvabhaMgimAoM ke ramaNIya citraNa prastuta kiye haiM tathA sAnuprAsika samAsAnta padAvalI evaM virodhAbhAsa aura parisaMkhyAlaMkAra ke camatkAra dikhalAye haiN| gadyalekhaka ke rUpa meM zabdoM kI punaruktatA se bacane ke lie kavi ne naye-naye zabda gar3he haiM jaise pRthvI ke lie ambudhinemi, muni ke lie yamadhana, indra ke lie balaniSUdana, sUrya ke lie nalinasahacara, candramA lie yAminIvallabha Adi / isa kAvya kI racanA meM pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA prabhAva to parilakSita hotA hai para usa prabhAva meM vaha andhAnukaraNa kA doSI nhiiN| subandhu ke gadya kAvya vAsa. 1. lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda se san 1970 meM prakAzita. 2. vANI vilAsa presa, zrIraMgam,1916; bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se hindI anuvAda aura saMskRta TIkA sahita paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya dvArA ... sampAdita, vi0 saM0 2015.

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lalita vAGmaya vadattA meM zleSa tathA anya alaMkAroM kI bharamAra se usake saundarya kA ghAta hI huA jabaki gadyacintAmaNi meM parimita aura sAragarbhita alaMkAroM ke prayoga ke kAraNa isa kAvya kI zobhA hI bar3hI hai| bANa kI kAdambarI jisa kisI varNana meM vizeSaNoM kI bharamAra se itanI ulajhI huI hai ki pAThaka usake ramAsvAdana se vaMcita-sA raha jAtA hai, vaha eka prakAra se jaMgala meM phaMsa jAtA hai, para gadyacintAmaNi isa doSa se mukta hai| isa kAvya meM padalAlitya, zravaNIya zabdavinyAsa, svacchanda vacanavistAra ke sAtha sugama rIti se kathAbodha ho jAtA hai / kavi ne isa kAvya ke bhASApravAha ko utanA hI pravAhita kiyA hai jisase rasavRkSa sIMcA to gayA hai parantu DubAyA nahIM gayA hai| daNDI ke dazakumAracarita meM Adi meM hI itanI ghaTanAoM kA avatAraNa huA hai ki pAThaka ke lie unakA avadhAraNa kaThina hai / bhASA kA pravAha evaM padalAlitya bhI prArambha meM jitanA pradarzita huA hai vaha uttarottara kSINa hI hotA gayA hai aura aMta meM kathAnaka kA asthipaMjara hI dikhAI detA hai parantu gadyacintAmaNi meM aisI bAta nahIM hai| isameM bhASA kA pravAha Adi se anta taka ajasra pravAhita hai| ima kAvyagrantha ke prathama sampAdaka svargIya paM0 kuppusvAmI ne isakI viziSTatAoM ko ina paMktiyoM meM prakaTa kiyA hai : "asya kAvyapathe padAnAM lAlityaM,zrAvyaH zabdasaMnivezaH, nirargalA vAgvaikharI, sugamaH kathAsArAvagamazcitta-vismApikA kalpanAzcetaH prasAdajanako dharmopadezo, dharmAviruddhA nItayo, duSkarmaNo viSayaphalAvAptiriti vilasanti vishissttgunnaaH|" arthAt isa kAvya meM padoM kI sundaratA, zravaNIya zabdoM kI racanA, apratihata vANI, sarala kathAsAra, citta ko Azcarya meM DAlane vAlI kalpanAeM, hRdaya meM prasannatA utpanna karane vAlA dharmopadeza, dharma se aviruddha nItiyA~ aura duSkarma ke phala kI prApti Adi viziSTa guNa suzobhita haiN| isa kAvya meM tatkAlIna sAMskRtika citraNa, nAnA prakAra ke vAdya, vastra, bhojanagRhavarNana, AkAza meM ur3ane ke yaMtra. kanduka-krIr3A Adi kA bar3A manohArI 1. isa kAvya kI anya vizeSatAoM ke lie guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha, pR. 474-483 meM prakAzita paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya kA lekha 'gadyacintAmaNi parizIlana' dekheM / .2. gadyacintAmaNi, zrIraMgam, prastAvanA, pR. 9.

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530 jena sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa varNanamilatA hai / AcArya Aryanandi kA jIvaMdhara ko zikSAnta upadeza kAdambarI meM zukanAsa dvArA candrApIDa ko diye upadeza kI yAda dilAtA hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isake racayitA aura kSatracUDAmaNi ke racayitA eka hI vyakti haiM-AcArya vAdIbhasiMha aparanAma oDayadeva / inakA paricaya ukta kAvya ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| anya gadyakAvyoM meM siddhasenagaNikRta baMdhumatI nAmaka AkhyAyikA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai para vaha adyAvadhi upalabdha nahIM hai| campUkAvya : madhyakAlIna bhAratIya janaruci ne gadya-padya kI mizraNa zailI meM eka aisI sAhityavidhA ko janma diyA jise campU kahate haiN| vaise pazcAtkAlIna saMskRta kAvyazAstriyoM ne isa vidhA ko svIkAra kara 'gadya-padyamayI vANI campU' isa prakAra lakSaNa kiyA hai para yathArtha meM campU zabda saMskRta kA na hokara draviDa mASA' kA hai / dhAravAr3a nivAsI kavi da0 rA. vendra kA mata hai ki kannaDa aura tulu bhASAoM meM mUla zabda kena-cena keMpu aura cempu ke rUpa meM niSpanna hokara sundara aura manohara artha kA bodha karAte haiN| gadya-padyamizrita kAvya vizeSa ko janatA ne sarvaprathama sundara evaM manohara artha meM cempu ke nAma se pukArA hogA aura vahI bAda meM rUr3hivala se cempu yA campu ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| ukta kavi kA yaha bhI mata hai ki campU kA sIdhA sambandha jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANoM se hai aura paMca-paMca zabda hI gam-gam gampU kI taraha campU bana gyaa| saMskRta sAhityakSetra ke lie yaha jainoM kI anupama dena hai| kannaDa meM campUkAvya ke racayitA prasiddha jaina kavi pampa, pona aura ranna haiM jo saMskRta meM upalabdha campuoM se pahale race gaye the| kannaDa meM isa sAhitya kI saSTi avazya hI 8-9vIM zatAbdI meM ho gaI thii| 10vIM zatAbdI meM rASTrakUTa narezoM ke rAjyakAla meM saMskRta ke prathama campuoM kI-pahale trivikramabhaTTakRta nalacampU (san 915) aura bAda meM somadevakRta jaina campU 'yazastilaka' (san 959 I0) kI-racanA huI thii| jaina campUkAvyoM meM aba taka 3-4 kRtiyA~ hI upalabdha ho sakI haiN| unakA kramazaH saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai: 1. marudharakezarI mabhinandana grantha, jodhapura, vi0 saM0 2025, pR. 279-81 meM paM. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI kA lekha.

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lalita vAGmaya 539 kuvalayamAlA: yaha mahArASTrI prAkRta kA gadya-padyamizrita campU hai| isakA paricaya hama kathA-sAhitya meM de Aye haiN| yazastilakacampU: __ yaha campUvidhA kA vikasita aura praur3ha rUpa hai jisakI koTi kA saMskRta sAhitya meM koI dUsarA kAvya nahIM hai / yaha campU na kevala gadya-padya kA zreSTha namUnA hai balki jaina aura ajaina dhArmika evaM dArzanika siddhAntoM kA bhaNDAra, rAjatantra kA anupama graMtha, vividha chandoM kA nidhAna, prAcIna aneka kahAniyoM, dRSTAntoM aura uddharaNoM kA saMgrahAlaya aura aneka navIna zabdoM kA. koza hai| somadeva kI yaha kRti unakI sAhityika pratibhA aura kavihRdaya se sampanna vizAla pANDitya kI dyotaka hai| isa campU meM jaina purANoM meM varNita evaM jaina kaviyoM ke lie atipriya yazodhara nRpa kI kathA ko liyA gayA hai, jo gharelU durghaTanA para Azrita eka yathArtha kahAnI hai| isa duHkhAnta ghaTanA ke cAroM ora eka prakAra se naitika evaM dhArmika upadezoM kA jAla bunA gayA hai| somadeva ke kavitva kI yaha sabase bar3I kasauTI thI ki ve vyabhicAra aura hatyA para Azrita eka kathA para subandhu aura bANa ko zailI para upanyAsa likhane kA sAhasa kara usameM saphala hue / vAstava meM samasta saMskRta sAhitya meM yazastilaka hI akelA aisA kAvya hai jo dAmpatya jIvana kI ghaTanA ko le, usake kRtrima prema bhAga ko chor3a, bhAgyacakra ke khela aura jIvana ke kaThora satyoM kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| yaha kAvya ATha AzvAsoM meM vibhakta hai| ghaTanAsthala yodheya deza kA rAjapura nAmaka nagara hai| vahA~ rAjA mAridatta vIravaibhava tAntrika ke prabhAva se caNDamAri devI ke mandira meM pratyeka varga ke prANiyoM ke jor3e bali dene ko 1. nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI se 2 bhAgoM meM prakAzita, 1901-3, paM. sundaralAla jaina dvArA saMskRta-hindI TIkA ke sAtha mahAvIra jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI se 1960 aura 1971 meM prakAzita; isake sAMskRtika pakSa ke adhyayana ke lie dekheM-jIvarAja graMthamAlA, solApura se 1955 meM prakAzita pro0 kRSNakAnta hAndikI kA 'yazastilaka eNDa iNDiyana kalcara' tathA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI se 1960 meM prakAzita ga. gokulacandra jaina kA 'yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana',

Page #553
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa udyata thA / narayugala ke rUpa meM navadIkSita jaina yati abhayaruci aura kSullikA abhayamati vahA~ lAye jAte haiN| rAjA meM unake prati snehabhAva jAgatA hai| (bhAgya se ve donoM usakI bahana ke putra-putrI the, jinheM vaha tatkAla pahacAna na sakA thA) / vaha una donoM bAlayatiyoM ko siMhAsana detA hai| donoM eka-eka kara usa rAjA kI prazaMsA kara use jainadharma kI ora jhukA lete haiM ( 1 AzvAsa ) / unameM se bAlakayati abhayaruci mAridatta nRpa ko apane pUrvajanmoM kA vRttAnta kahatA hai aura yazodhara nRpa kI kathA sunAtA hai| yaha kathA pA~cave AzvAsa meM samApta hotI hai / isake bAda hiMsArata usa rAjA meM vaha ahiMsA-dharma kI jJAnajyoti jagAtA hai aura 6.8 tIna AzvAsoM meM upadeza ke rUpa meM rocaka zailI meM zrAvakAcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ukta aMza ko 'upAsakAdhyayana" nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai / campU ke anta meM dikhAyA gayA hai ki rAjA mAridatta aura usakI kuladevI caNDamAri jainadharma meM dIkSita ho gaye 540 ukta yazodhara kI kathA kA srAta pUrvavartI racanA prabhaMjanakRta yazodharacarita aura haribhadrasUrikRta samarAiccakahA ke caturtha bhava meM milatA hai, parantu kavi ne usameM kaI parivartana kiye haiM / haribhadra kI racanA meM mAridatta aura - yugala manuSyoM kI bali kI kathA nahIM dI tathA donoM meM pradhAna pAtroM ke nAmoM meM bhI antara hai / ukta campU ke lekhaka ne kathA ko sAdhana banA kara brAhmaNadharma para AkSepa kiye haiM jabaki haribhadra ke kathAnaka meM inakA ekadama abhAva hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake racayitA AcArya somadevasUri haiM jo devasaMgha ke yazodeva ke ziSya nemideva ke ziSya the| ye bahuzruta vidvAn the, yaha unakA ukta grantha par3hane se jJAta hotA hai / inhoMne nyAya aura rAjanItiviSayaka kaI grantha likhe the para ukta campU ke atirikta dUsarA prasiddha grantha nItivAkyA I 1. isa kathA para likhe gaye vistRta sAhitya kA hama pUrva meM paricaya de Aye haiM / 2. yaha aMza ukta nAma se paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI dvArA sampAdita evaM anUdita tathA saMskRta TIkA sahita bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se 1944 meM prakAzita huA hai / usakI bhUmikA paThanIya hai / 1 3. inake vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM - paM0 nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 190 Adi upAsakAdhyayana ( bhAratIya jJAnapITha ), prastAvanA, pR0 13-26; yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR0 27- 41; pro0 kRSNakAnta hAndikI, yazastilaka eNDa iNDiyana kalcara, prathama adhyAya.

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lalita vAGmaya 541 mRta ho upalabdha hai| 'nItivAkyAmRta' kI prazasti meM jisa 'yazodharacarita' kA ullekha hai vahI yaha yazastilakacampU hai| isameM bhAravi, bhavabhUti, bhartRhari, guNADhya,vyAsa, bhAsa, kAlidAsa, bANa Adi kaviyoM, guru, zukra, vizA. lAca, parAzara, bhISma, bhAradvAja Adi rAjanItizAstrapraNetAoM tathA kaI vaiyAkaraNoM kA ullekha hai| yazodhara nRpa ke caritracitraNa meM kavi ne rAjanIti kI vistRta evaM vizada carcA kI hai| yazastilaka kA tRtIya AzvAsa rAjanItika tattvoM se bharA par3A hai| isa campU kI racanA rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNa ke sAmanta cAlukya arikezarI tRtIya ke rAjyakAla meM huI thii| racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1016 (san 959) diyA gayA hai| isameM tatkAlIna saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kI anekoM bAtoM kA sundara varNana hai| pro0 hAndikI ke zabdoM meM-'bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM somadeva pramukha bahumukhI pratibhAoM meM se eka the aura unakA anupama grantha yazastilaka unakI anekavidha pratibhA kA paricAyaka hai| ve gadya-padya kI racanA meM bar3e kuzala, bahusmRtisampanna, jaina siddhAnta ke pAragAmI aura samakAlIna darzanoM ke acche samAlocaka the| ve rAjanIti ke gambhIra paNDita the tathA isa viSaya meM unake donoM grantha yazastilaka aura nItivAkyAmRta eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| ve prAcIna janakathAsAhitya evaM dhArmika kathAoM ke acche sampAdaka ke sAthasAtha nATakIya saMvAdoM ko prastuta karane meM bar3e hI pravINa the| ve mAnava aura usake svabhAva kI vividhatA ke acche adhyetA the| isa taraha saMskRta sAhitya meM somadeva kI sthiti sacamuca atulanIya hai|' isa campU para zrIdevaracita paMjikA upalabdha hai aura pAMca AzvAsoM para zrutasAgara bhaTTArakakRta saMskRta TIkA tathA 6-8 AzvAsoM para paM0 jinadAsa phaDakule kRta upAsakAdhyayana-TIkA prakAzita ho cukI hai| jIvandharacampU : isa grantha ke puSpikA-vAkyoM meM sarvatra grantha kA nAma 'campujIvandhara' - 1. TI. esa. kuppusvAmI zAstrI dvArA sampAdita-prakAzita, zrIraMgama, 1905, paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya dvArA sampAdita, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se saM0 20.5 meM prakAzita-isameM saMskRta meM kaumudI TIkA tathA hindI anuvAda diyA gayA hai| isa saMskaraNa ko 44 pR0 kI prastAvanA paThanIya hai|

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542 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa milatA hai para vidvajjana ise upayukta nAma se kahate haiN| isameM jIvandhara ke carita kA varNana hai| yaha saMskRta sAhitya ke prasiddha kucha campUkAvyoM meM se eka hai tathA jaina sAhitya ke nampuoM meM yazastilakacampU ke bAda isI kA nAma AtA hai| yaha 11 lambhoM meM vibhakta hai / isakI kathA kAAdhAra gadyacintAmaNi evaM kSatracUDAmaNi hai jinameM jIvandhara kI kathA gadya aura padya meM vistAra se varNita hai| isameM pratyeka lambha kI kathAvastu tathA pAtroM ke nAma Adi ukta donoM granthoM se milate-julate haiN| isa campU meM vaha vaiziSTya to nahIM hai jo yazastilakacampU meM milatA hai parantu isakI racanA sarasatA aura saralatA kI dRSTi se prazaMsanIya hai / isameM alaMkAroM kI yojanA vizeSarUpa se hRdaya ko AkRSTa karatI hai| padyoM kI apekSA gadya kI racanA adhika pANDityapUrNa hai| kitane hI gadya itane kautukabhare haiM ki unheM par3hakara kavi kI pratibhA kA camatkAra dRSTigocara hotA hai| nagarIvarNana, rAjavarNana, rAjJovarNana, candrodaya, sUryodaya, vanakrIr3A, jalakrIr3A, yuddha Adi varNanoM ko kavi ne yathAsthAna sajAkara rakhA hai| kucha alaMkAroM kI chaTA yahA~ draSTavya hai : "yazca kila saMkrandana ivAnanditasumanogaNaH, antaka iva mahiSIsamadhiSThitaH, varuNa ivAzAntarakSaNaH, pavana iva padmAmodaruciraH, hara iva mahAsenAnuyAtaH,........."bhadragaNo'pyanAgo, vibudhapatirapi kulInaH, suvarNadharo'pyanAdityAgaH, sarasArthapoSakavacano'pi narasArthapoSakavacanaH / yahA~ kliSTa pUrNopamAlaMkAra aura virodhAbhAsAlaMkAra darzanIya hai / "yasya pratipakSalolAjhoNAM kAnanavIthikAdambinIzampAyamAnatanusampadAM vadaneSu vArijabhrAntyA papAta haMsamAlA, tA karAGgulIbhirnivArayantInA tAsA karapallavAni cakaSuH kIrazAvakAH........'tatazcalita veNInAmeNAkSINA nAgabhrAntyA karSantisma veNI myuuraaH|" isa gadyAMza meM bhrAMtimadalaMkAra hai aura karuNarasa kA paripoSa bhI darzanIya hai / isa gadyAMza kA pUrA bhAga upalabdha saMskRta sAhitya meM anUThA hai| 1. bhAratIya jJAnapITha saMskaraNa, pR0 8. 2. vahI, pR0 11.

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lalita vAGmaya isa campU ke padyoM, gayoM aura bhAvoM se sAdRzya rakhane vAle aMzoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sva0 kuppusvAmo zAstrI ne apane sampAdita isa grantha ke saMskaraNa meM tathA kSatracUDAmaNi ke saMskaraNa meM acchI taraha kiyA hai jo vahIM se draSTavya hai| kucha ullekhau kA bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA meM bhI digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / lagatA hai ki isa kAvya kI racanA gadyacintAmaNi aura kSatracUDAmaNi ko sAmane rakha kara kI gaI hai| anya kRtiyoM kI bhA~ti isa kRtimeM bhI raghuvaMza, kumArasaMbhava, zizupAlavadha aura naiSadha ke prabhAva draSTavya haiN| kartA evaM racanAkAla-isa campU aura dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya ke kartA eka hI mahAkavi haricandra mAne jAte haiN| donoM kAvyoM ke bhAvoM tathA zabdoM meM no samAnatA hai tathA pada-pada para sAdRzya, alaMkArayojanA aura zabdavinyAsa ko jo eka-sI zailI hai vaha paryApta rUpa se siddha karatI hai ki donoM kA kartA eka hai|' jIvandharacampU kI hastalikhita prati ke puSpikA-vAkyoM meM isake kartA haricandra kA ullekha milatA hai| granthAnta meM granthakartA ne svayaM apane nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| purudevacampU: yaha campU* dasa stabakoM meM vibhAjita hai| isameM purudeva arthAt bhagavAn AdinAtha kA carita varNita hai| isakI racanA meM arthagAMbhIrya kI apekSA zabdoM ke cayana meM vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai| sarvatra arthAlaMkAra kI apekSA zabdAlaMkAra kA prayoga adhika dikhAI par3atA hai| isa grantha ke antaHparIkSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki isa grantha ke padya bhAga kI racanA meM jinasenAcArya ke 1. prastAvanA meM sAdRzyaparaka bhaneka avataraNa draSTavya haiM, pR0 37-40. 2. iti mahAkaviharicandra viracite ...... / 3. siddhaH zrIharicandravAGmaya Adi, padya 58, lambha 11. 4. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1972, . panAlAla sAhityAcArya dvArA sampAdita evaM anUdita; mANikacandra diga. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI (saM0 1985) se paM0 phaDakule zAstrI dvArA sampAdita evaM prakAzita; jinarasnakoza, pR0 253.

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544 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AdipurANa ( mahApurANa ) kA acchA upayoga kiyA gayA hai kyoMki graMtha meM ukta purANa ke kahIM to pUre zloka aura kahIM eka yA do caraNa jyoM ke tyoM kAvya ke aMga ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara liye gaye haiN| isake gadya sarala haiN| kaThina gadyoM ko samajhAne ke lie sahAyaka TIkA bhI dI gaI hai| ___ racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA kavi arhaddAsa haiM / inakA paricaya inake anya graMtha munisuvrata kAvya ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai / ' arhaddAsa kA samaya vi0 saM0 1325 ke lagabhaga mAnA gayA hai| isalie yaha caudahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva bhAga kI racanA hai / campUmaNDana: yaha ATha paTaloM meM vibhAjita hai| isameM draupadI aura pAMDavoM kI kathA varNita hai / yaha gadya padya kI sulalita zailI meM likhA gayA laghu campUkAvya hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA mAlavA ke prasiddha kavi maNDana hai jinhoMne kAdambarImaNDana Adi graMtha likhe haiN| ye 15vIM zatAbdI ke kavi the| isakI prAcIna hastalikhita prati saM0 1504 meM likhI milatI hai| anya campuoM meM jayazekharasUri kA naladamayantIcampU ullekhanIya hai / gItikAvya: / yadyapi saMskRta kAvyazAstriyoM ne gItikAvya nAma se koI bhI kAvyavidhA nahIM mAnI, parantu saMskRta meM gIti kAvya haiN| gItikAvya use kahate haiM jisameM geyarUpa se rasapUrNa eka bhAva kI abhivyakti ho| pAzcAtyazAstriyoM aura hindI ke kAvyamarmajJoM ne gItikAvyoM para pUrNa vicAra prakaTa kiye haiN| unakI paryAlocanA karane se kucha pramukha tattva isa prakAra sAmane Ate haiM : 1. antarvRtti ko pradhAnatA, 2. saMgItAtmakatA, 3. nirapekSatA, 4. rasAtmakatA, 5. rAgAtmaka anubhUtiyoM ko saghanatA, 6. bhAvasAndratA, 7. citrAtmakatA, 8. samAhita prabhAva, 9. mArmikatA, 10. saMkSiptatA, 11. svAbhAvika abhivyakti aura 12. sahaja antaHpreraNA / 1. terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya (DA. zyAmazaMkara dIkSita), pR. 325-326 meM kaviparicaya draSTavya hai| 2. hemacandrAcArya granthamAlA, pATana (gujarAta), 1998, jinaratnakoza, pR0 121.

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lalita vAGmaya 545 saMskRta meM prabaMdhAtmaka gItikAvya aura muktaka gItikAvya ye do prakAra milate haiN| prabaMdhAtmaka gItikAvya meghadUta yA usake anusaraNa para likhe gaye aneka saMdezakAvya haiN| para adhikAMza gItikAvya muktaka zailI meM likhe gaye haiN| muktaka kAvya ke do bheda haiM : 1. rasamuktaka aura 2. rasetaramuktaka / rasa. muktaka meM meghadUta, pArvAbhyudaya, caurapaMcAzikA, gItagovinda, gItavItarAga kAvya Ate haiN| rasetara gIti-sAhitya meM stotra, zataka Adi sAhitya kA sthAna hai| yahA~ hama gotikAvya ke kSetra meM jaina kaviyoM ke yogadAna kI carcA kreNge| rasamuktaka pAThya gotikAvya-dUta yA sandezakAvya (khaNDakAvya): isa vidhA ke sAhitya ne saMskRta sAhitya meM gItikAvya (Lyric Poetry) ke abhAva kI pUrti kI hai / dUtakAvya viraha yA vipralaMbha zRMgAra kI pRSThabhUmi lekara likhe gaye haiN| inameM nAyaka dvArA nAyikA ke prati yA nAyikA dvArA nAyaka ke prati kisI dUta ke mAdhyama se premasandeza bhejA jAtA hai| dUta kA kArya koI puruSa, pakSI, bhramara, megha, pavana, candramA, caraNacihna, mana yA zIla Adi tatvoM dvArA karAyA jAtA hai| isa zailI meM do tattva dekhe jAte haiM : eka viyoga aura dUsarA prakRti yA bhAvanA kA mAnavIkaraNa / yadyapi prasaMgavazAt dUtakAvyoM meM nagara, parvata, nadI, sUryodaya, candrodaya, rAtri, vasanta aura jalakrIr3A Adi kA varNana rahatA hai para vaha itanA saMkSipta hotA hai ki kAvya bar3e AkAra kA nahIM bana pAtA isalie inheM hama khaNDakAvya yA gItikAvya kahate haiN| vaise to bhAvanAkrAnta mAnasa dvArA prANivizeSa ko dUta banAkara preyasI' ke pAsa sandeza bhejane kI sUjha prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM milatI hai para mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA meghadUta isakA anokhA udAharaNa hai| saMskRta ke dUtakAvyoM kA prArambha bhI isI se hotA hai| bAda ke dUtakAvyoM kI racanA meM ukta kAvya se sahAyatA grahaNa karane ke saMketa dikhAI dete haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne dUtakAvya ke kSetra aura vastukathA ko vikasita karane meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| pahalA to vipralaMbha zRMgAra ke sthAna meM zAntarasa 1. saramA-paNisaMvAda, Rgveda, maNDala 10, anuvAka 8. sUkka ....1-11.

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546 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke pratipAdana meM, isa prakAra kI sarvaprathama racanA jinasena kA pAzrvAbhyudaya hai; dUsarA dUtakAvyoM dvArA dhArmika niyamoM aura tAttvika siddhAntoM ke upadeza meM; tIsarA kAvyAtmaka patraracanA ke rUpa meM, ina patroM ko vijJaptipatra kahate haiN| ye vijJaptipatra pardUSaNa parva ke samaya zvetAmbara jaina sAdhuoM dvArA apane guruoM ko likhe patra haiM jo dUtakAvya ke DhaMga se likhe gaye haiN| isa prakAra ke kAvya 17vI aura bAda kI sadiyoM meM vizeSa rUpa se likhe gaye haiN| dUtakAvya meM jo ye nUtana saMskAra kiye gaye haiM unase prakaTa hotA hai ki jainoM meM dUtakAvya bahuta priya thaa| lokamAnasa ko pahacAnane vAle jaina kaviyoM ne isIlie apane nIrasa dharmasiddhAntoM aura niyamoM kA pracAra karane ke lie isa vidhA kA Azraya liyA hai / isa kArya meM bhI unhoMne sAhityika saundarya aura sara. satA kI kSati nahIM hone dii| jainoM ke sabhI dUtakAvya saMskRta meM mile haiM, prAkRta meM eka bhI nhiiN| pradhAna dUtakAvyoM meM pArzvanAtha aura neminAtha jaise mahApuruSoM ke jIvanavRtta aMkita haiM / kucha jaina kaviyoM ne meghadUta ke chandoM ke antima yA prathama pAda ko lekara samasyApUrti kI hai / isa prakAra kA prAcIna dUtakAvya jinasenakRta pAzrvAbhyudaya (san 783 I0 se pUrva ) hai| pIche 13vIM sadI se aba taka jaina kaviyoM ne isa dUta paramparA kA paryApta vikAsa evaM pallavana kiyA hai / inameM ullekhanIya racanAeM haiM : vikrama kA nemidUta ( I0 13vIM zatI kA antima caraNa ), merutuMga kA jainameghadata (1346-1414 I0). cAritrasundaragaNi kA zIladUta (15vIM zatI), vAdicandra kA pavanadUta (17vIM zatI), vinayavijayagaNi kA indudata (18vIM zatI), meghavijaya kA meghadUtasamasyAlekha (18vIM zatI), ajJAtakartRka cetodUta evaM vimalakIrtigaNi kA candradUta / jaina dUtakAvyoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya prastuta hai : pAzrvAbhyudaya: isa kAvya meM 4 sarga haiN| prathama meM 118 padya, dvitIya meM 118. tRtIya meM 57 aura caturtha meM 71 isa prakAra 4 sargoM meM 364 padya haiN| isakA pratyeka padya meghadUta ke krama se padya ke eka caraNa yA do caraNoM ko samasyA ke rUpa meM lekara 1. nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1909, TIkAsahita; bAlabodhinI TIkA evaM aMgrejI anuvAdasahita, saMpA0-mo0 go0 koThArI, prakAzaka-gulAbacandra hIrAcandra kaMsTrakzana hAusa, belArDa isTeTa, bambaI, 1965.

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lalita vAGmaya pUrA kiyA gayA hai / meghadUta ke samAna hI isameM mandAkrAntA chanda kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai aura vaisI hI kAvya kI bhASA bhI praur3ha hai, para samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM kAvya kI zailI jaTila ho gaI hai jisase paMktiyoM ke bhAva meM yatra-tatra viparyastatA A gaI hai / isa kAvya kA varNyaviSaya 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke Upara ghora upasarga se sambaddha hai jisameM upasarga karane vAle zambara yakSa ke pUrvajanma ke kathAnakoM se jor3akara kathAvastu' dI gaI hai| purANoM meM varNita pArzvanAtha ke caritra ko aneka sthaloM meM kavi ne AvazyakatAnusAra parivartita kiyA hai phira bhI meghadUta ke uddhRta aMza ke pracalita artha ko vidvAn kavi ne apane svataMtra kathAnaka meM prasaMgocita artha meM prayukta kara bar3I vicakSaNatA kA paricaya diyA hai| eka-do yA dasapacAsa paMktiyoM kI samasyA eka bAta ho sakatI hai, para sampUrNa kAvya ko isa taraha AtmasAt karanA sacamuca meM vilakSaNa hI hai| 2 isa kAvya meM samasyApUrti kA AveSTana tIna rUpoM meM rakhA gayA hai : 1. pAdaveSTita, 2. ardhaveSTita aura 3 antaritAveSTita / antaritAveSTita meM bhI ekAntarita, dvayantarita Adi kaI prakAra haiM / prathama pAdaveSTita meM meghadUta ke padya kA koI eka caraNa liyA gayA hai, dvitIya ardhaveSTita meM koI do caraNa aura tRtIya antarAveSTita meM meghadUta ke padya ke prathama caturtha yA dvitIya caturtha yA prathama- tRtIya yA dvitIya tRtIya caraNoM ko rakhA gayA hai / tInoM prakAra ke udAharaNa anyatra draSTavya haiN| vistArabhaya se yahAM denA sambhava nahIM / J vaise pArzvabhyudaya meghadUta kI samasyApUrti meM isa zreNI meM rakha sakate haiM para isameM dUta yA sandeza 547 2. pro0 kAzInAtha bApUjI pAThaka kA kahanA hai : 1. vistRta kathAvastu ke lie dekheM - DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 473-474. likhA gayA hai, isase use zailI ke koI lakSaNa nahIM The first place among Indian poets is allotted to Kalidas by consent of all. Jinasena, however, claims to be considered a higher genius than the author of the Cloud Messenger ( meghadUta ). 3. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna. pR0 471-477.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa haiM / ise hama eka acchA pAdapUrtikAvya kaha sakate haiM / prastuta kAvya meM jaina dharmaviSayaka koI siddhAnta pratipAdita nahIM hai / 548 racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake racayitA prasiddha jinasenAcArya haiM jinhoMne mahApurANa ( AdipurANa ) kI racanA kI thI / ukta prasaMga meM unakA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai / pAzvabhyudaya kA ullekha dvitIya jinasena ne harivaMza - purANa ( zaka saM0 705, san 783 I0 ) meM kiyA hai, ataH yaha kAvya usase pUrva avazya racA gayA thA / isa para yogirAT paNDitAcAryakRta TIkA ( san 1432 ) milatI hai jisakA nAma subodhikA hai / usameM ukta kAvya kI bahuta prazaMsA kI gaI hai / 1 midUta : isameM' 126 padya haiM jinakI racanA meM mevadUta kAvya ke antima caraNa kI samasyApUrti kI gaI hai| isameM 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha aura rAjImatI yA rAjula ke viraha-prasaMga kA varNana hai / vastutaH yaha meghadUta para AvRta eka maulika kAvya hai / isake nAmakaraNa kA yaha artha nahIM ki isameM neminAtha ne dUta kA kAma kiyA hai, balki ArAdhaka nAyaka nemi ke lakSya se dUta ( vRddha brAhmaNa ) bhejane ke kAraNa isakA nemidUta nAmakaraNa huA hai| meghadUta meM dUta nAyaka kI ora se bhejA gayA hai to nemidUta meM nAyikA kI ora se / ghaTanA-prasaMga yaha hai ki neminAtha apane vivAha bhoja ke lie bAr3e meM ekatra kiye gaye pazuoM kA karuNakrandana sunakara virakta ho raivataka parvata para yogI bana jAte haiM / dulahina rAjImatI eka vRddha brAhmaNa ko dUta banAkara unheM manAne ke lie bhejatI hai / yahAM dvArikA se raivataka parvata taka kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / anta meM rAjImatI kA viraha zamabhAva meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / sakhIsahita rAjImatI ke neminAtha ko gRhI banAne ke prayatnoM kA varNana hI saMkSepa meM isa kAvya kI viSayavastu hai / yaha kAvya apanI bhASA, bhAva aura padya racanA meM tathA kAvyaguNoM se bar3A hI sundara bana gayA hai / kavi ne virahI janoM ko yathArtha duHkha avasthA kA jo varNana kiyA hai usase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve aise anubhavoM ke dhanI the / 9. koTA prakAzana, vi00 2005: kAvyamAlA. dvitIya gucchaka, pra0 85-104.

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lalita vAGmaya 549 pAThaka padya-padya meM varNita rAjImatI kI duHkhita avasthA meM tanmaya hokara isa duHkha ko svayaM anubhava karane lagatA hai / zAntarasapradhAna hone para bhI nemidUta sandezakAvya kI apekSA virahakAvya adhika hai / isameM kAvyacamatkAra, uktivaicitrya aura rAgAtmaka vRtti kI gaMbhIratA kA madhura evaM karuNa paripAka hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla -- isake kartA khambhAta nivAsI sAMgaNa ke putra kavi vikrama haiM / ye kisa sampradAya ke the, yaha vivAdagrasta hai / ' sva0 paM0 nAthUrAma premI inheM hUMDa (diga0 ) jAti kA mAnate haiM to muni vinayasAgarajI kharataragacchAdhIza jinezvarasUri ke ziSya hone se hUmbaDa (zvetAmbarAmnAyI) batalAte haiM nemidUta ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha kRti asAmpradAyika hai / isameM zvetAmbara yA digambara AmnAya kI koI bAta nahIM kahI gaI hai / isa kAvya kI prAcInatama prati vi0 saM0 1472 kI aura dUsarI vi0 saM0 1519 kI milI hai ataH vi0 saM0 1472 ke pUrva kavi ko mAnane meM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai / premIjI ke mata se kavi 13vIM zatI aura vinayasAgara ke mata se 14vIM zatI meM hue the / jainameghadUta : neminAtha aura rAjImatI ke prasaMga ko lekara yaha dUsarA dUtakAvya hai / ' isameM kavi ne dUsare dUtakAvyoM kI taraha meghadUta kI samasyApUrti kA Azraya nahIM liyA / yaha nAmasAmya ke atirikta zailI, racanA, vibhAga Adi aneka bAtoM meM svataMtra hai / isameM 4 sarga haiM aura pratyeka meM kramazaH 50, 49, 55 aura 42 padya haiM / kathAvastu saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai - nemikumAra pazuoM kA karuNa cItkAra sunakara vaivAhika veSa-bhUSA kA tyAga kara mArga se hI raivataka ( giranAra ) para muni na tapasyA karane cale gaye / rAjImatI, jisake sAtha unakA vivAha ho rahA thA, ukta samAcAra se mUcchita ho gaI / sakhiyoM dvArA upacAra karane para use I 1. vivecana ke lie dekheM-saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yoga dAna, pR0 478-479. 2. jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1924.

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550 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa hoza aayaa| usane apane samakSa upasthita megha ko apane virakta pati kA paricaya dekara priyatama ko zAnta karane, rijhAne ke lie dUta ke rUpa meM cunA aura apanI duHkhita avasthA kA varNana kara apane prANanAtha ko bhejane vAlA sandeza sunaayaa| isa sandeza ko sunakara sakhiyAM rojImatI ko samajhAtI haiM ki nemi. kumAra manuSyabhava ko saphala banAne ke lie vItarAgI hue haiM, ve aba anurAga kI ora pravRtta nahIM ho sakate / kahAM megha, kahA~ tumhArA sandeza aura kahAM unakI vItarAgI pravRtti ? ina sabakA mela nahIM baitthtaa| anta meM rAjImatI zoka tyAgakara neminAtha ke pAsa jAkara sAdhvI bana jAtI hai| padalAlitya, alaMkArabAhulya aura prAsAdikatA ke kAraNa yaha uccakoTi kA kAvya hai para zleSapadoM aura vyAkaraNa ke kliSTa prayogoM ke kAraNa yaha kAvya durUha ho gayA hai| isameM megha aura neminAtha kA paricaya to diyA gayA hai para maugolika sthAnoM ke nirdeza kA abhAva hai| racayitA aura racanAkAla-isa dUtakAvya ke racayitA merutuMga AcArya haiM co aJcalagacchIya mahendraprabhasUri ke ziSya the| ye prabaMdhacintAmaNi ke racayitA merutuMga se bhinna haiN| isa kAvya kA racanAsamaya to kahIM nahIM diyA gayA, para merutuMga kA samaya vi0 saM0 1403 se 1473 taka siddha hotA hai / isa samaya meM kavi ne jainameghadUta, saptatikAbhASya, laghuzatapadI, dhAtupArAyaNa, SaDdarzanasamu. ccaya, bAlabodhavyAkaraNa, sUrimaMtrasAroddhAra Adi ATha grantha likhe the| isa para zIlaratnasUriviracita vRtti prakAzita hai|' zIladUta : - yaha kAlidAsa ke meghadUta ke anukaraNa para banAyA gayA hai aura usake pratyeka padya ke cauthe caraNa ko samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM apanAyA gayA hai| isalie isakA chanda mandAkrAntA hai| padya-saMkhyA 131 hai| isameM sthUlabhadra aura kozA vezyA ke prasiddha kathAnaka ko lekara sthUlabhadra ke brahmacarya mahAvrata ko 1. jaina mAtmAnanda samA, bhAvanagara, 1928. 1. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1915., jinarasnakoza, pR0 10 // jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 169.

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lalita vAGmaya 551 AdhAra banAkara unake jagat vismayakArI zIla kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kAzA sthUlabhadra ko nAnAbhA~ti se zIla se cyuta karane kA prayatna karatI hai para isake bAda sthUlabhadra ke anupama upadezoM se svayaM zIlavrata dhAraNa kara letI hai / zIla jaise bhAvAtmaka tattva ko dUta kA rUpa dekara kavi ne apanI maulika kalpanAzakti kA acchA paricaya diyA hai / isameM dIrghasamAsa prAyaH nahIM haiM / alaMkAroM meM utprekSA kI yojanA darzanIya hai / meghadUta kI zRMgAraparaka paMktiyoM ko zAntarasaparaka banAne meM kavi ne adbhuta pratibhA dikhAyI hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isakI racanA bRhad tapAgaccha ke AcArya cAritrasundaragaNi ne saM0 1484 meM khambhAta meM kI thI / cAritra sundaragaNi ne anya granthoM meM kumArapAlacarita, mahIpAlacarita evaM AcAropadeza grantha likhe the / inakA paricaya unake anya kAvyoM ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai / pavanadUta : yaha meghadUta kI samasyApUrti na hokara eka svataMtra kRti hai para ise hama meghadUta kI chAyA kaha sakate haiN| isameM 101 mandAkrAntA vRtta haiM / ' isameM megha ke sthAna para pavana ko dUta banAyA gayA hai| isakI kathAvastu choTI : ujjayinI ke eka nRpa vijaya kI rAnI tArA ko azanivega nAmaka vidyAdhara hara le jAtA hai / rAjA apanI priyA ke pAsa pavana ko dUta banAkara apane virahasandezoM ke sAtha bhejatA hai / pavana bhI sAma, dAma, daNDa aura bheda ke prayoga ke sAtha anta meM tArA ko lekara vijaya ko sauMpa detA hai / pavanadUta eka viraha- kAvya hai / isameM vipralambha-zRMgAra kA paripAka khUba huA hai / racanA meM prasAdaguNa aura bhASA meM pravAha lAne meM lekhaka saphala rahA hai / isameM lekhaka ne naitika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika zikSA bhI dI hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake racayitA bhaTTAraka vAdicandra ( 17vIM zatI ) haiM / inhoMne pArzvapurANa, pANDavapurANa, yazodharacarita Adi anekoM grantha likhe haiM / inakA paricaya pUrva meM diyA gayA hai / 1. hindI jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya, bambaI se 1914 meM hindI anuvAdasahita prakAzita; kAnyamAlA, gucchaka 13, pR09-24.

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552 jana sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa 17-20vIM zatI ke dUtakAvya : 17vIM zatI ke muni vimalakIrti ne candradUta nAmaka eka anya dUta. kAvya kI racanA kI jisameM 169 padya haiN| yaha kAvya meghadUta kI pAdapUrti ke rUpa meM racA gayA hai para kavi ne kahIM-kahIM bhAvoM ke spaSTokaraNArtha adhika padya racakara svatantratA se bhI kAma liyA hai| isakA varNyaviSaya yahI hai ki kavi ne candra ko sambodhita kara zatrujayatIrthastha Adijina ko apanI vandanA kahalAI hai / pUrNa kAvya par3ha lene ke bAda bhI yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki kavi ne apanA namaskAra candramA ko kisa sthAna se kahalAyA hai| phira bhI racanA bar3I bhAvapUrNa aura vidvattA kI paricAyaka hai| anekArtha kAvya kI dRSTi se bhI isa dUtakAvya kA mahattva hai| isake racayitA vimalakIrti sAdhusundara ke ziSya the jo ki sAdhukIrti pAThaka ke ziSya the / racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1681 hai| __18vIM zatI meM hameM pramukha 3 dUtakAvya milate haiN| prathama cetodUta, dvitIya meghadUtasamasyAlekha tathA tRtIya indudUta / prathama 'cetodUta meM ajJAta kavi apane guru ke caraNoM kI kRpAdRSTi ko hI apanI preyasI ke rUpa meM mAnakara usake pAsa apane citra ko dUta banAkara bhejatA hai| isameM guru ke yaza, viveka aura vairAgya Adi kA vistRta varNana hai / isameM 129 mandAkrAntA vRtta haiM / dvitIya 'meghadUtasamasyAlekha' meM upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne auraMgAbAda se apane guru ke ciraviyoga se vyathita hokara unake pAsa megha ko dUta banAkara bhejA hai| megha guru ke pAsa jisa prakAra sandeza lekara jAtA hai usI taraha pratisandeza lekara lauTa AtA hai| isameM 130 mandAkrAntA vRtta haiM aura anta meM eka anuSTabha / isa kAvya meM auraMgAbAda se devapattana (gujarAta) taka ke mArga kA varNana AtA hai / viSaya, bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya sabhI dUtakAvyoM se zreSTha hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA aneka kAvyagranthoM ke racayitA vidvAn mahopAdhyAya meghavijayajI haiN| inhoMne kaI samasyApUrtikAvya bhI race haiN| inakA paricaya unake anya granthoM ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| yaha kAvya saM0 1727 meM pUrNa huA thaa| 1. candradUta, prazasti-padya 167-168, jinadatta sUri jJAnabhaNDAra, sUrata. 2. jaina bhAramAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1970. 3. vahI.

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lalita vAGmaya 18vIM zatI kA tIsarA dUtakAvya 'indudUta' hai|' isameM 131 mandAkrAntA vRtta haiN| yaha koI samasyApUrtikAvya nahIM balki svataMtra racanA hai| isameM jodhapura meM cAturmAsa karanevAle vinayavijayagaNi ne apane sUrata meM cAturmAsa karanevAle guru vijayaprabhasUri ke pAsa candramA ko dUta banAkara sAMvatsarika kSamApanA sandeza aura abhinandana bheje haiN| isameM jodhapura se sUrata taka jaina mandiroM aura tIrthoM kA varNana bhI khUba AyA hai, yaha eka prakAra kA vijJaptipatra hai| kAvya kI bhASA pravAhamaya aura prasAdapUrNa hai| isameM kavi kI varNanazakti aura udAtta bhAvoM ke darzana pracura mAtrA meM hote haiN| dUta kAvya paramparA meM isa prakAra ke kAvya kA prayoga navIna hai| ___ indudUta kI koTi kA dUsarA kAvya 'mayUradUta hai jo vi0 saM0 1993 meM racA gayA thaa| isameM 180 padya haiM jinameM adhikAMza zikhariNI chanda meM race gaye haiN| isake racayitA muni dhuraMdharavijaya haiN| isameM kapaDavaNaja meM cAturmAsa karanevAle vijayAmRtasUri dvArA jAmanagara meM avasthita apane guru vijayanemisUri ke pAsa vandanA aura kSamApanA sandeza bhejane ko kathAvastu hai / isameM dUta ke rUpa meM mayUra ko cunA gayA hai| yahA~ mayUra kA varNana kAvyadRSTi se bar3e mahattva kA hai, sAtha meM kapaDavaNaja se lekara jAmanagara taka ke sthAnoM aura tIrthoM kA bhaugolika varNana bhI diyA gayA hai| ukta dUtakAvyoM ke atirikta kucha anya dUtakAvyoM kA bhI granthabhaNDAroM kI sUciyoM se patA lagatA hai / yathA jambUkavi kA induta jo 23 mAlinI chandoM meM hai jisameM antya yamaka ko pratyeka padya meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, vinayaprabha dvArA saMkalita candradUta evaM ajJAtakartRka manodUta / 1. jaina sAhityavardhaka sabhA, zirapura (pazcima khAnadeza), 1916; kAvya mAlA, gucchaka 14. 2. jaina granthaprakAzaka sabhA, granthAMka 54, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 2000. 3. Notices of Sanskrit Mss., vol. II, p. 153, jinaratnakoza, pR0464. 8. Third Report of Operations in Search of Sanskrit __Mss., Bombay Circle, p. 292, jinaratnakoza, pR0 464. 5. jaina granthAvalI, pR0 332.

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554 jaina pAdapUrti - sAhitya : ukta dUtakAvyoM ke parizIlana se hameM jJAta hotA hai ki pArzvabhyudaya, zoladUta, nemidUta, candradUta evaM meghadUtasamasyAlekha Adi pAdapUrti yA samasyApUrti kAvyavidhA ke antargata hI Ate haiM / isa kAvyavidhA ko jaina kaviyoM ne vikasita karane meM bar3A yogadAna diyA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina kAvyoM meM anekavigha evaM bahusaMkhyaka pAdapUrtikAvya upalabdha hote haiM / saMbhavataH jainetara sAhityameM aise kAvya bahuta hI kama haiM / jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pAdapUrtikAvya kI racanA karanA koI sAmAnya kAma nahIM / isa viziSTa kArya meM mUlakAvya ke marma ko hRdayaGgama karane ke sAtha-sAtha racayitA meM utkRSTa kavitvazakti, asAdhAraNa pANDitya, bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra evaM navIna arthoM ko udbhAvana karane vAlI pratibhA kI parama AvazyakatA hotI hai / vaha isalie bhI ki dUsare kI padAvaliyoM ko unake bhAva, artha evaM lAlitya ke guNoM ke sAtha apane DhAMce meM DhAlanA ati duSkara evaM ulajhanoM se bharA kArya hai aura usameM saphalatA ke lie uparyukta guNa honA bahuta jarUrI hai| jo kavi mUla padoM ke bhAvoM ke sAtha apane bhAvoM kA jitanA adhika sundara sammizraNa kara sakatA hai aura aise kArya. meM sahaja prApta hone vAlI kliSTatA aura nIrasatA se apane kAvya ko bacA sakatA hai vaha kavi utanI hI adhika mAtrA meM saphala kahalAne kA gaurava prApta kara sakatA hai / jisa pAdapUrtikAvya ko par3hate samaya kAvyamarmajJa bhI pAdapUrti kA bhAna na kara maulika utkRSTa kAvya kA rasAsvAdana karane lage vahAM hI kavi kI saphalatA hai / jaina kaviyoM meM pAdapUrtikAvya ke nirmANa kI sUjha kaba se AI, yaha kaha nahIM sakate para isa dizA meM sarvaprathama jinasenAcArya kA pArzvabhyudaya I0 9vIM zatAbdI kA hai| isakA varNana hama pahale kara Aye haiN| usake bAda 15vIM zatAbdI ke pahale kA aisA koI kAvya upalabdha nahIM hai / 15-17vIM zatAbdI meM ina kAvyoM meM uttarottara vRddhi huI hai aura 18vIM zatAbdI meM to isakA pUrA vikAsa huA mAlUma hotA hai / 20vIM zatAbdI meM pAdapUrtikAvya kevala gurustutiparaka race gaye haiM / jaina pAdapUrtikAvyoM ko hama suvidhA kI dRSTi se nimna prakAra se vibhakta kara sakate haiM : 1. metradUta kI pAdapUrti ke kAvya : inakA vivaraNa hama dUtakAvyoM meM prastutaH kara cuke haiN|

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555 lalita vAGmaya 2. zizupAlavadha kI samasyApUrti : yathA mahopAdhyAya meghavijayakRta devAnandAbhyudaya', isakA vivaraNa bhI hama de cuke haiN| isameM mAghakavi ke zizu. pAlavadha ke pratyeka padya ke antima caraNa ko lekara zeSa tIna pAda svayaM naye banAkara satasargAtmaka racanA kI gaI hai| 3. naiSadhakAvya kI samasyApUrti : yathA pUrvokta meghavijayakRta zAntinAthacaritra / isameM naiSadhakAvya ke prathama sarga ke samasta padyoM ke caraNoM ( kevala 28ve padya ke caturtha pAda ke atirikta) kI samasyApUrti kara 6 sargoM ke eka kAvya kI racanA ko gaI hai / naiSadha ke prathama caraNa ko prathama caraNa meM, dvitIya ko dvitIya, tRtIya ko tRtIya evaM caturtha ko caturtha caraNa meM niyojita kara prathama sarga ko pUrNataH samAviSTa kara diyA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, isa kAvya meM kahIM-kahIM naiSadhoyakAvya ke eka hI caraNa ko bhinna-bhinna arthoM kI apekSA se do-do, tIna-tIna bAra bhI pUrita yA niyojita kiyA gayA hai / ____4. jaina stotroM kI pAdapUrti : yathA-1. prasiddha bhaktAmarastotra kI samasyApUrti : isakA vivaraNa hama stotra-sAhitya meM de rahe haiN| 2. kalyANamandirastotra kI samasyApUrti : yathA bhAvaprabhasUrikRta jainadharmavarastotra, pArzvanAthastotra, vijayAnandasUrIzvarastavana, vIrastuti Adi / 3. uvasaggaharastotra kI pAdapUrti / ' 4. prasiddha vibhinna jaina stutiyoM kI pAdapUrti / 5. jainetara stotra-vyAkaraNAdi kI pAdapUrti : yathA-1. zivamahimnastotra kI pAdapUrti ma ratnazekharasUrikRta RSabhamahimnastotra / / 2. kalApavyAkaraNasaMdhi 1. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1937. 2. paM. haragovindadAsa dvArA saMzodhita aura vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA dvArA 1918 meM prakAzita. 3. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, granthAMka 80; jaina satyaprakAza, varSa 5, aMka 12 meM prakAzita zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA lekha. 1. jaina stotra tathA stavanasaMgraha arthasahita 1907 meM prakAzita 5. zrI bhagaracanda nAhaTA kA lekha-zrI mahAvIrastavana (saMsAra-dAvA pAda.pUrtirUpa), jaina satyaprakAza, 5.10 tathA nAhaTAjIlikhita bhAvArivAraNa pAdapUrtyAdi stotrasaMgraha-prastAvanA. 6. jinarasnakoza, pR0 58.

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556 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa garbhitastava-isameM 'siddhovarNasamAmnAya' Adi kalApavyAkaraNa ke saMdhisUtroM kI pAdapUrti meM 23 padya race gaye haiN| 3. zaMkhezvarapArzvastuti-isake prathama cAra padyoM meM amarakoSa ke prathama zloka ke cAroM caraNoM ko bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| prathama padya ke prathama caraNa meM amarakoSa ke prathama zloka kA prathama caraNa, dvitIya padya ke dvitIya caraNa meM usakA dUsarA caraNa, tRtIya padya ke tRtIya caraNa meM usakA tRtIya caraNa tathA caturtha padya ke caturtha caraNa meM usakA caturtha caraNa hai| isake atirikta kaI subhASitoM, phuTakara padyoM aura aprasiddha kAvyoM kI pAdapUrti ke rUpa meM jaina pAdapUrti-sAhitya milatA hai| sabakA parigaNana yahAM sambhava nahIM hai| dUtakAvyoM aura pATapUrti-sAhitya ke atirikta gItikAvya ke geya rasamuktaka kAvya kA eka sundara jaina udAharaNa gItavItarAga kAvya hai| gItavItarAgaprabandha: ___ isakI racanA jayadeva ke gItagovinda ke anukaraNa para kI gaI hai / isakA jinASTapadI nAma se bhI ullekha jinagnakoza meM kiyA gayA hai jo saMbhavataH isakI aSTaka yA aSTapadoM meM racanA ke kAraNa hai| isameM kavi ne tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke dasa pUrvabhavoM kI kathA kA varNana karate hue stuti kI hai| kathAvastu ko 25 laghu prabandhoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. mahAbalasaddharmaprazaMsA, 2. mahAbala-vairAgyotpAdana, 3. lalitAGga-vanavihAra, 4. zrImatIjAtismaraNa, 5. vajrajaMgha-paTTakathA, 6. zrImatI-saurupyavarNana, 7. zrImatI-viraha 1. jaina stotrasandoha, bhAga 2 meM prakAzita. 2. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA lekha 'jaina pAdapUrti kAvya-sAhitya', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 3, kiraNa 2-3. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 105, 139; DA0 mA0 ne0 upAdhye dvArA sampAdita, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se 1972 meM prakAzita; zivAjI vizvavidyAlaya, kolhApura kI patrikA (1969) meM DA0 upAdhye kA lekha 'paNDi tAcArya kA gItavItarAga'. 1. ukta kAvya para DA0 upAdhye kI aMgrejI bhUmikA, pR. 3..

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lalita vAGmaya 557 varNana, 8. bhogabhUmivarNana, 9. Arya ke guruguNa kA smaraNa, 10. zrIdhara-svargavaibhava-varNana, 11. suvidhiputra-saMbodhana, 12. acyutendra-divyazarIravarNana, 13. vajranAbhi-strIvarNa, 14. sarvArthasiddhi vimAnavarNana, 15. marudevI-vaNana, 16. SoDazasvapnavarNana, 17. prabhAtavarNana, 18. bhagavajanmAbhiSekavarNana, 19. bhagavatparamaudArikadivyadehavarNana, 20. bhagavadvairAgyavarNana, 21. bhagavattapo'tizayavarNana, 22. bhagavat-samavasaraNazAlavedIvarNana, 23. samavasaraNabhUmivarNana, 24. aSTapratihAryavarNana, 25. bhagavAn kA mokSagamana aura granthakartA kA paricaya / isa gItikAvya meM dazAvatAra ke samAna rAjA jayavarmA, mahAbala vidyAdhara, lalitAGgadeva, vajrajaMgha, Arya, zrIdhara, suvidhi, vajranAbhi, sarvArthasiddhivimAna aura RSabhadeva kA gItAtmaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / ukta kAvya meM prema, jJAna, saundarya aura bhakti kA samanvayAtmaka rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai tathA kAvyakalA kA ucita samavAya bhI hai| yahAM prabandhakAvyoM kI svAbhAvika sundaratA, gItikAvyoM kI madhuratA aura stotrakAvyoM kI tanmayatA ke darzana hote haiN| isameM gItagovinda ke samAna hI zRMgAra evaM zAntarasa kI dhArA milatI hai aura kavi svakalpanA-vaibhava se nitya navIna sRSTi karate hue dikhAI par3atA hai| __ isa kAvya meM kalpanA-camatkAra ke sAtha upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, atizayokti, arthAntaranyAsa, anumAna, kAvyaliMga Adi alaMkAroM kA samAveza huA hai / samasyanta padoM ke prayoga se hama isakI zailI ko gauDI zailI kaha sakate haiM para komala kAnta padAvalI ke sadbhAva se isameM kaTutA nahIM A pAI hai| isa kAvya meM gItagovinda ke samAna hI gItitattva dikhAI par3ate haiM : yathA gurjarIrAga, dezIrAga, vasantarAga, mANavagauDIrAga, kannaDarAga, AsAvarIrAga tathA tAloM meM aSTatAla, yatitAla, yatiyatitAla, ekatAla Adi / isa taraha rAga aura tAla kI yojanA se yaha kAvya pUrNa geyarUpa hai| isa nUtana kAvya ke kucha namUne dekheM: 1. DA. nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRtagItikAvyAnucintanam, pR0 126-40, pI0 jI0 gopAlakRSNa ayyara, Gita Govinda : A Prosodic Study. jarnala oNpha oriyaNTala risarca, madrAsa, 1928, pR0 350-365.

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558 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhuvi dhRtasurapatilIlApAtra variSTha bhavasi mahAbala puNyagariSTha / bhUmipa tava dharmaphalena jaya dharaNIzapate khecarabhUpa jaya dharaNIzapate / -1.8. suragirinandanaprabhRtimanoharavilasadudyAnasaMghAte suraparivRtalalitAGgasuro divijottamaviharaNapUte / vyaharadati surabhibharita vasante nartanasaktajanena samaM nijavirahisurasya durante / -3.8. maMjulacampakakusumasamAyatarajitanAsAsAraM pujitanAyakamaNigaNarAjitasijitavakSohAram dadhe vRSabhajino lalitAmaladhRNibharitamanupamazarIram / -19.4. racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isa kAvya ke anta meM 25veM prabaMdha meM dI gaI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA zravaNabelagola jainamaTha ke bhaTTAraka abhinava cArukoti paNDitAcArya haiN| inakA janma siMhapura meM huA thaa| bhaTTAraka pada pAne ke pUrva inakA kyA nAma thA yaha hameM mAlUma nahIM / bhaTTAraka pada pAne ke bAda inakA nAma cArukIrti par3A, vaise zravaNabelagola ke maThAdhIzoM kA sAmAnya nAma cArukIrti hI hai / isa kAvya kI racanA gaMgavaMzI rAjaputra devarAja ke anurodha para zravaNabelagola ke bAhubali kI pratimA ke samIpa kI gaI thii| __zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM0 254 (105) jo ki san 1398 I. kA hai aura naM0 258 (108) jo san 1432 I0 kA hai, se abhinava paNDitAcArya ke viSaya meM hameM kucha jJAta hotA hai| san 1398 meM ukta AcArya ne apane paralokagata guru kI smRti meM eka lekha sthApita kiyA thA aura san 1432 meM unhoMne sallekhanA dhAraNa kI thI aura lekha meM unake ziSya zrutasAgara ne paNDitendra yogirATa nAma se unakA ullekha kiyA hai|' 1. ukta kAvya kI aMgrejI prastAvanA, pR0 16-20.

Page #572
-lalita vAGmaya yaha gItavItarAgaprabaMdha jisa gaMgavaMzI devarAja ke lie likhA gayA thA usake viSaya meM zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM (saMkhyA 33749) meM sUcanA milatI hai / ina zilAlekhoM meM ukta kavi ko zrImad abhinava cArukIrti paNDitAcArya, zrImad paNDitAcArya yA zrImatu paNDitadevaru kahA gayA hai aura unheM mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha, kundakundAnvaya kA batalAyA gayA hai / zilAlekha saMkhyA 337 meM unakI ziSyA bhImAdevI kA ullekha hai jo devarAya mahArAya kI rAnI thI / zrI Ara0 narasiMhAcAra ke matAnusAra yaha devarAya vijayanagaranRpa devarAya prathama (san 1406-16) honA cAhie aura ukta lekha kA samaya lagabhaga 1410 I0 honA cAhie / gItavItarAgaprabaMdha meM devarAja ko rAjaputra kahA gayA hai| aura yadi ise ThIka artha meM leM to ukta graMtha kI racanA 1400 I0 ke lagabhaga honI cAhie / taba devarAya rAjaputra thA / yogirAja paNDitAcAryakRta pArzvabhyudaya kI TIkA bhI milatI hai jo san 1432 I0 ke lagabhaga racI gaI hogI kyoMki san 1432 ke lekha meM hI unheM yogirAja zabda se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / 559 pAThya muktaka kAvyoM meM subhASitoM kA bhI pramukha sthAna hai / subhASita : subhASita aura sUkti ke rUpa meM jaina manISiyoM kI prAkRta aura saMskRta meM aneka racanAeM milatI haiM / subhASita kAvyoM ko pradhAna rUpa se dharmopadeza yA dhArmika sUktikAvya, naitika sUktikAvya aura kAma yA premaparaka zRMgAra-sUktikAvyoM ke rUpa meM dekha sakate haiM / jaina vidvAnoM ne sadAcAra aura lokavyavahAra kA upadeza dene ke lie svataMtra rUpa se aneka subhASita padoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai jinameM prAyaH jainadharmasammata sadAcAroM evaM vicAroM se raMjita upadeza prastuta kiye gaye haiN| vaise to jaina purANoM aura anya sAhityika racanAoM meM subhASita pada bhare par3e haiM para kevala unakA hI adhyayana karane vAloM ko tathA vividha prasaMgoM para dUsaroM ko sunAne Adi ke lie unakI svataMtra rUpa se racanA bhI kI gaI hai / prAkRta meM dhArmika sUktikAvya ke rUpa meM dharmadAsagaNikRta upadezamAlA, haribhadrasUrikRta upadezapada, hemacandrAcArya kA yogazAstraprakAza, maladhArI hemacandrakRta upadezamAlA aura AsadamunikRta vivekamaMjarI, lakSmIlAbhagaNikRta vairAgyarasAyanaprakaraNa, padmanandikRta dhammarasAyaNaprakaraNa Adi vizeSa

Page #573
560 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ullekhanIya haiN| inakA paricaya isa bRhad itihAsa ke caturtha bhAga ke tRtIya prakaraNa dharmopadeza ke antargata diyA gayA hai / isI taraha saMskRta meM guNabhadra kA AtmAnuzAsana (9vIM zatI), zubhacandra prathama kA jJAnANava, haribhadrakRta dharmabindu aura dharmasAra, ratnamaNDanagaNikRta upadezataraMgiNI, padmAnanda kA vairAgyazataka Adi draSTavya haiN| inakA saMkSipta paricaya bhI ukta bhAga ke tRtIya prakaraNa meM diyA gayA hai| naitika sUktikAvya ke rUpa meM saMskRta meM amitagati kA subhASitaratnasandoha, ahaMddAsa kA bhavyajanakaNThAbharaNa, somaprabha kA sUktimuktAvalikAvya, narendraprabha kA vivekapAdapa, vivekakalikA Adi haiN|' isa prakAra ke anya granthoM meM malliSeNa kA sajjanacittavallabha (12vIM zatI), ajJAtakartRka sindUraprakara yA somatilaka-somaprabhakRta zRMgAravairAgyataraMgiNI, rAjazekharakRta upadezacintAmaNi, harisena kA kapUraprakara, darzanavijaya kA anyoktizataka, haMsavijayagaNi kA anyoktimuktAvalI, ajJAtakartRka AbhANazataka, dhanadarAjakRta dhanadazatakatraya, tejasiMhakRta dRSTAntazataka Adi ullekhanIya haiN| kAvya kI dRSTi se inameM aneka (dharma evaM nItitattva-pradhAna ) rasetara muktaka kAvya haiM aura aneka rasa-muktaka kAvya haiN| prAkRta meM hAla ke gAthAsaptazatI ke samAna hI vanjAlagga nAmaka eka rasamuktaka kAvya upalabdha huA hai / vajjAlagga: isameM' 795 gAthAe~ haiM jinakA saMkalana zvetAmbara muni jayavallabha ne kiyA hai / isameM bhI aneka prAkRta kaviyoM kI subhASita gAthAe~ saMgRhIta haiN| vajjAlagga kA vajjA zabda dezI hai jisakA artha adhikAra yA prastAva hotA hai| eka viSaya se sambaddha katipaya gAthAe~ eka vajjA ke antargata saMkalita kI gaI haiM, jaise bhartRhari ke nItizataka meN| jayavallabha ne prAraMbha meM hI isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai: 1. jinaratnakoza meM inakA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 340, pR0 236 meM isake payAlaya, vajrAlaya Adi nAma diye haiM; biblimothekA iTikA sirIja (raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha baMgAla), kalakattA, 1914-1923.

Page #574
lalita vAGmaya 4 // vivihakaiviraiyANaM gAhANaM varakucANi ghettRNa / raiyaM vajjAlaggaM vihiNA jayavallaha nAma // 3 // ekkatthe patthAve jattha paDhijjanti pauragAhAo / taM khalu vajjAlaggaM vajjattiya paddhaI bhaNiyA // arthAt jayavallabha ne vibhinna kaviyoM dvArA viracita acchI gAthAoM ko lekara vidhivat vajjAlagga kI racanA kI / yahAM eka prastAva yA adhikAra meM sambaddha pracura gAthAoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai / vajjA zabda paddhati ( nItizataka kI paddhati) kA nAmAntara hai isalie ise vajjAlagga kahate haiM / 561 isa kAvya ke vargoM yA prastAvoM meM kavi ne lokajIvana se sambaddha bhAvanAoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai / katipaya vajjAoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : zrotR, gAthA, kAvya, sajjana, durjana, mitra, sneha, nIti, dhIra, sAhasa, daiva, vidhi, dIna, dAridraya, sugRhiNI, satI, asatI, kuTTinI, vezyA, vasanta, grISma, prAvRT, zarat, hemanta, zizira, kamala, candana, vaTa, tAla, palAza, ratnAkara, suvarNa, dIpaka Adi / ' sajjanavajjA meM kavi ne sajjana ke viSaya meM jina udAtta bhAvAbhivyaMjaka gAthAoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai yA unameM kucha apanI bhI racita gAthAeM rakhI haiM vaise bhAvoM kA nirUpaNa anya kisI kavi ne saMbhavataH nahIM kiyA hai / sughariNI - vajjA meM bhAratIya lalanA kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / daridravajjA Adi meM bhI kavi ne hRdayasparzI bhAvoM kI hI abhivyakti kI hai / zRMgArarasaparaka padyoM meM bhI kavi ne dhArmika aura vIrabhAvoM ko vyakta kiyA hai / granthakAra ke jaina hone para bhI isa saMgraha meM kisI prakAra kI sAmpradAyikatA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai / anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki isakA racanAkAla cauthI zatAbdI hai / isa kAvya para saM0 1393 meM ratnadevagaNa ne eka saMskRta TIkA likhI / isa TIkA ke lekhana meM preraka koI dharmacandra the jo bRhadgaccha ke mAnabhadrasUri ke ziSya haribhadrasUri ke ziSya the / isa grantha meM aneka gAthAeM hemacandraracita aura sandezarAsaka ke lekhaka abdularahamAnaracita saMkalita haiN| anumAna hai ki TIkAkAra 1. inake vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM - DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa; DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR0 377-383. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 236. 36

Page #575
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ne ina gAthAoM ko pIche se jor3a diyA hai / isa grantha kI viSayavastu ke antaraMgaparIkSaNa se yaha bAta spaSTa-sI lagatI hai ki isa kAvya ke kalevara meM bAda-bAda kI zatAbdiyoM meM vRddhi hotI rahI hai| granthakartA ke viSaya meM nAma ke atirikta kinhIM srotoM se kucha bhI nahIM mAlUma hotA hai| saMskRta meM isa prakAra ke granthoM meM AcArya somadevasUri kA 'nItivAkyAmRta' ullekhanIya hai / isakA paricaya isa itihAsa ke pAMcaveM bhAga meM rAjanIti ke anya ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| sUtrabaddha zailI meM race gaye isake 32 samuddezoM meM se dharma, artha aura kAma samuddezoM meM tathA divasAnuSThAna, sadAcAra, vyavahAra, vivAha aura prakIrNa samuddezoM meM kitane hI sUtra dainika vyavahAra meM lAne lAyaka subhASita jaise haiM jinameM jainadharmasammata upadeza aMkita kiye gaye haiN| ina sUtroM kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa grantha kA nAma nItivAkyAmRta rakhA gayA hai| granthakAra somadeva kA paricaya anyatra yazastilakacampU kAvya ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| subhASitoM kA eka pramukha grantha AcArya amitagatikRta 'subhASitaratnasandoha' hai| isameM sAMsArika viSayanirAkaraNa, mamatva-ahaMkAratyAga, indriyanigrahopadeza, strIguNadoSa-vicAra, sadasatsvarUpanirUpaNa, jJAnanirUpaNa Adi 32 prakaraNa haiM aura pratyeka meM bIsa-bIsa paccIsa-paccIsa padya haiN| kartA kA paricaya unake anya grantha dharmaparIkSA ke prasaMga meM diyA gayA hai| isa grantha ko racanA vi0 saM0 1050 pauSa sudI paMcamI ko samApta huI thI jabaki rAjA muMja pRthvI kA pAlana kara rahe the / grantha meM 922 padya haiN| somaprabhAcAryakRta 'zRMgAravairAgyataraMgiNI 3 meM vividha chandoM ke 46 padyoM meM naitika upadezoM kA saMkalana hai| isameM kAmazAstrAnusAra striyoM ke hAva-bhAva va lIlAoM kA varNana kara unase satarka rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isa para AgarA ke paM0 nandalAla ne saMskRta TIkA likhI hai| 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, pR0 239-40. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 145-446, kAvyamAlA, 82, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1909; jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR. 221-22; nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 279, nemicandra zAstrI, saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 194-96 . 3. nirNayasAgara presa, bamba I,1942.

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lalita vAcAya 563 etadviSayaka anya racanAoM meM rAmacandra kA subhASitakoza, kIrtivijaya kA subhASitagrantha, munideva AcArya kA subhASitaratna koza ( 58 kArikAeM ), sakalakIrtikRta subhASitaratnAvalI yA subhASitAvalI ( 392 zloka ), tilakaprabhasUrikRta subhASitAvalI, jJAnasAgarakRta subhASita SaTtriMzikA, lukAgaccha ke yazastrIgaNikRta subhASitaSaTatriMzikA, dharmakumArakRta subhASitasamudra, zubhacandraH kRta subhASitArNava Adi grantha ullekhanIya haiM / ' stotra - sAhitya : jainoM kA stotra - sAhitya prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza tathA anya janapadIya bhASAoM meM vipula rAzi meM pAyA jAtA hai / usameM se saMskRta prAkRta meM hI upalabdha vipularAzi ko prastuta karanA zakya nahIM, aura kI bAta hI alaga, phira bhI usakA yahA~ siMhAvalokana mAtra kiyA jA rahA hai / bhAratIya vAGmaya meM stotra - stavana kI paramparA Adi kAla se calI A rahI hai / indra, varuNa, uSA Adi ke RRgveda meM surakSita sukta stavana hI haiM / sAmaveda ko geya stotroM kA saMkalana kaha sakate haiM / yajurveda aura atharvaveda meM aneka stotra draSTavya haiN| atharvaveda kA pRthvIsUkta eka rASTrIya stotra hai / rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANAdi meM pracura mAtrA meM stotra antarnihita haiM / saMskRta sAhitya ke sabhI mahAkAvyoM meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM yA bIca meM bhI stutiyAM dI gaI haiN| svataMtra rUpa se bhI kaviyoM ne aSTakoM, kulakoM, caturdazakoM, dvAtriMzikAoM, triMzikAoM, catvAriMzakoM evaM zatakoM ke rUpa meM stotroM kI racanA kI hai / bANabhaTTa kA caNDIzataka, murAri kA sUryazataka aura vallabhAcArya ke yamunASTaka prasiddha hI haiM / stotra-kAvya kA svataMtra rUpa se prArambha bauddhoM meM huA thA / kavi mAtR veTa kA adhyardhazataka sabase prAcIna mAlUma hotA hai| usake bAda puSpadanta kA zivamahimnastotra, mayUra kA sUryazataka Adi aneka stotra - gItikAvya Ate haiN| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 445-446. 2. jaina kaviyoM ne ina vidhAoM meM apane aneka stotroM kI racanA kI hai| siddha sena divAkara aura rAmacandrasUriracita dvAtriMzikAtmaka tIna prasiddha hI haiM /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jaina sAhitya meM stotra ko thui, thuti, stuti yA stotra nAma se kahA gayA hai / yadyapi stava aura stotra meM kucha vidvAnoM para vaha pahale kadAcit rahA hai, pIche 564 stava aura stavana bhI isake nAma haiM / arthabheda dikhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai to saba ekArthaka mAne jAne lage / prAcIna jainAgamoM meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi meM upadhAna zrutAdhyayana aura vIrastava ( vIratthaya) jaisI virala bhAvAtmaka stutiyAM dekhane ko milatI haiM para madhyakAla Ate-Ate uvasaggahara, svayambhUstotra, bhaktAmara, kalyANamandira Adi hRdaya ke bhAvoM ko jagAne vAle aneka stotra likhe gaye / ina stotroM meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke guNakIrtana para likhe gaye stotra pramukha haiM / inameM sabase adhika saMkhyA pArzvanAtha se sambandhita stotroM kI hai / ' lagabhaga itane hI stotra 24 tIrthakaroM kI sammilita stutirUpa meM likhe gaye haiM / isake bAda RSabhadeva' aura mahAvIra para likhe stotroM kI saMkhyA AtI hai, zeSa tIrthaMkaroM se sambandhita stotra aura bhI kama haiN| paMcaparameSThI arthAt arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sarva sAdhuoM kI bhakti para likhe gaye stotroM kI saMkhyA apekSAkRta kama hI hai / jainadharma meM bhakti kA rUpa ArAdhya ko khuzakara kucha pA lene kA nahIM isalie yahA~ bhakti kA rUpa dAsya sakhya evaM mAdhuryabhAva se sarvathA bhinna hai / uttarAdhyayana meM stotra ke phala ke viSaya meM eka rocaka saMvAda' milatA hai : yatrathuimaMgaleNa bhaMte ! jIve kiM jaNayai ? zravathuimaMgaleNaM nANadaMsaNacarittabohilAbhaM jaNayai / nANadaMsaNacarittabohilAbhasampanne ya NaM jIve aMtakiriya kappavimANovavattiyaM ArAhaNaM ArAhei arthAt stuti karane se jIva jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa bodhilAbha karatA hai / bodhilAbha se ucca gatiyoM meM jAtA 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 247-248, 453 meM pArzvanAtha para likhe stotroM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| 2. vahI, pR0 113 - 116, 135-138 meM ina stotroM kI sUcI prastuta hai 1 3. vahI, pR0 27-29, 57-59, 321 ( yugAdidevastuti Adi). 4. vahI, pR0 307, 363. 5. adhyayana 29, sU0 14; uttarAdhyayana, aMgrejI prastAvanA-TippaNI-sahita nArla zArpeTiyara, upasalA, 1922.

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lalita vAGmaya 565 hai, usake rAgAdi zAnta hote haiM Adi / AcArya samantabhadra stuti ko prazastapariNAma-utpAdikA batalAte haiN| jainadharma ke anusAra ArAdhya to vItarAgI hotA hai, vaha na to kucha letA hai aura na detA hai para bhakta ko usake sAnnidhya se eka aisI preraka zakti milatI hai jisase vaha saba kucha pA letA hai| ___ jainadharma ke prAcInatama stotra prAkRta bhASA meM milate haiN| unameM kundakundAcAryakRta' 'titthayarasuddhi' tathA 'siddhabhakti' Adi prAcIna haiN| bhadrabAhu ke nAma se racita kahA jAne vAlA 'uvasaggaharastotra' bhI prAcIna hai jo 5 prAkRta gAthAoM meM hai / yaha itanA prabhAvaka stotra samajhA gayA ki isake Upara eka acchA parikara sAhitya taiyAra ho gayA hai / isa para aba taka 9 TIkAeM likhI gaI haiN| prAkRta ke anya ullekhanIya stotroM meM nandiSeNa kA ajiyasaMtithaya, dhanapAlakRta RSabhapaMcAzikA aura vIrathui', devendrasUrikRta aneka stotra yathA cattAriahadasathava, samyaktvasvarUpastava, gaNadharastava, caturviMzatijinastava, jinarAjastava, tIrthamAlAstava, nemicaritrastava, parameSThistava, puNDarIkastava, vIracaritrastava, zAzvatacaityastava, saptatizatajinastotra aura siddhacakrastava, dharmaghoSasUri kA isimaNDalathotta, nannasUri kA sattarisayathotta, mahAvIrathava, pUrNakalazagaNi kA stambhanapAzvajinastava, jinacandrasUri kA namukkAraphalapagaraNa - 1. stutiH stotuH sAdhoH kuzalapariNAmAya sa tdaa| bhavenmA vA stutyaH phalamapi tatastasya ca sataH ||-svyNbhuustotr, 21... 2. suhRttvayi zrIsubhagavamaznute dviSaMstvayi pratyayavat pralIyate / bhavAnudAsInatamastayorapi prabho! paraM citramidaM tavehitam // -vahI 15.14. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 168, prabhAcandrAcAryakRta saMskRta TIkAsahita, dazabhakti, solApura, 1921. 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 54, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, 1933 // jainastotrasaMdoha, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 1-13, ahamadAbAda. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 3, yahA~ isa stotra kI 6 TIkAoM kA ullekha hai| 6. vahI, pR. 58, yahA~ isake kaI saMskaraNoM tathA * TIkAmoM kA ullekha hai| .. vahI, pR0 363, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, 1933. 8. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI.

Page #579
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa Adi / abhayadevasUrikRta jayatihuaNastotra' apabhraMza bhASA meM hai aura isameM staMbhanaka pArzvanAtha kI stuti hai / yaha bhI prabhAvaka stotroM meM se eka hai / digambara sampradAya meM pracalita prAkRta kA nirvANa kANDastotra' bhI priya stotroM meM se eka hai / 566 saMskRta bhASA meM to jaina stotra bahumukhI dhArA meM pravAhita hue haiN| aneka stotra vividha chandoM aura alaMkAroM meM race gaye haiM / kaI zleSamaya bhASA meM to kaI pAdapUrti ke rUpa meM aura kitane hI dArzanika evaM tArkika zailI meM bhI likhe gaye haiM / tArkika zailI meM likhe gaye AcArya samantabhadrakRta svayambhUstotra' devAgamastotra, yuktyanuzAsana aura jinazatakAlaMkAra', AcArya siddhasena kI kucha dvAtriMzikAeM " tathA AcArya hemacandrakRta ayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA aura anya yogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| ina para kaI TIkAeM bhI likhI gaI haiM jo ki jainanyAya ke granthoM kA kAma deto haiM / AlaMkArika zailI meM likhe gaye stotroM meM mahAkavi zrIpAla ( prajJAcakSu ) kI sarvabinapatistuti ( 29 paryo meM ), hemacandra ke pradhAna ziSya rAmacandrasUrikRta aneka dvAtriMzikAeM aura stotra," jayatilakasUrikRta caturhArAvalIcitrastava " 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 133, yahA~ isakI 6 TIkAoM kA ullekha hai / 2. vahI, pR0 214. 36. vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1950-1951. 0. jinaratnakoza, pR0 183, 343, 369; jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita. 8. vahI, pR0 15. 9. vahI, pR0 11. 10. ina stotroM ke paricaya ke lie dekheM - nAvyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR0 235-237. 10. stotraratnAkara, dvi0 bhAga, vi0 saM0 1970; anekAnta, prathama varSa, kiraNa 8-10, pR0 520.518.

Page #580
lalita vAGmaya 567 Adi. zleSamaya zailI meM vivekasAgararacita vItarAgastava ( 30 artha), nayacaMdrasUrikRta staMbhapArzvastava (14 artha) tathA somatilaka' evaM ratnazekharasUriracita anekoM stotra haiN| pAdapUrti yA samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM likhe gaye stotroM kI saMkhyA bhI kacha kama nahIM hai| unameM mAnatuMga ke bhaktAmarastotra kI samasyApUrti meM kaI stotra' prakAza meM Aye haiM--yathA mahopAdhyAya samayasundarakRta RSabhabhaktAmara 45 padyoM meM ( inameM caturtha pAda kI pUrti hai ), kIrtivimala ke ziSya lakSmIvimalakRta bhaktAmara kI caturthapAda kI pUrti ke rUpa meM zAntibhaktAmara, dharmasiMha ke ziSya ratnasiMhasUrikRta nemi-rAjImatI kI stuti ke rUpa meM 49 padyoM meM nemi-bhaktAmara (isakA dUsarA nAma prANapriyakAvya hai ), dharmavardhanagaNikRta vIrastuti ke rUpa meM vIra-bhaktAmara, dharmasiMhasUri kA sarasvatIbhaktAmara, isI taraha ukta stotra kI samasyApUrti meM jinabhaktAmara, AtmabhaktAbhara, zrIvallabhabhaktAmara evaM kAlUbhaktAmara Adi ullekhanIya haiN| kalyANamandirastotra kI samasyApUrti meM bhAvaprabhasUrikRta jainadharmavarastotra, ajJAtakartRka pArzvanAthastotra, vIrastuti tathA vijayAnandasUrIzvarastavana upalabdha haiN| uvasaggaharastotra kI pAdapUrti' meM bhI aneka stotra upalabdha hue haiN| anya stotroM meM ajJAtakatRka pAzvanAthasamasyAstotra' ullekhanIya hai| isa prakAra ke kaI stotroM kA ullekha hama pAdapUrti-sAhitya meM kara Aye haiN| saMskRta bhASA kI anya stutiyoM meM devanandi pUjyapAda (chaThI zatI) kI siddhabhakti Adi bAraha bhaktiyA~ aura siddhipriyastotra, pAtrakezarI (chaThI zatI) - - 1. jainastotrasamuccaya, bhAga 1, pR0 76. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 209; hIrAlAla ra0 kApar3iyA, kAvyasaMgraha, bhAga 1-2, bhAgamodaya samiti, bambaI; stotraratnAkara, prathama bhAga, mehasAnA, 1913. 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 80. 1. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, granthAMka 80, pR0 45-48. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 247, siddhAntasArAdisaMgraha (mA0 diga0 jaina granthamAlA, bhAga 21), bambaI, vi0 saM0 1979. 1. nityapAThasaMgraha, kAraMjA, 1956; siddhipriya-kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, pR. 30.

Page #581
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kA jinendra guNasaMstuti yA pAtra kezarIstotra' mAnatuMgAcArya ( 7vIM zatI ) kA bhaktAmara stotra' (AdinAthastotra ), badhpabhaTTi ( 8vIM zatI) ke sarasvatIstotra, zAntistotra, caturviMzatijinastuti, vIrastava, dhanaMjaya ( 8vIM zatI) kA viSApahAra', jinasena ( 9vIM zatI) kA jinasahasranAma, vidyAnanda kA zrI purapArzvanAtha, kumudacandra ( siddhasena 11 vIM zatI) kA kalyANamandira ", zobhanamuni ( 11vIM zatI) kRta caturviMzatijina stuti', vAdirAjasUrikRta jJAnalocanastotra' evaM ekIbhAvastotra", bhUpAlakavi ( 11vIM zatI) kRta jinacaturviMzatikA", AcArya hemacandra ( 12vIM zatI) kRta vItarAgastotra, mahAdevastotra" aura mahAvIrastotra", jinavallabhasUri ( 12vIM zatI) racita " bhavAdivAraNa, ajitazAntistava Adi aneka stotra, paM0 AzAghara ( 13vIM zatI) kRta siddhaguNastotra, jinaprabhasUri" ( 13vIM zatI ) siddhAMtAgamastava, ajitazAnti-stavana prabhRti aneka stotra, mahAmAtya 568 * 9. prathama gucchaka, prakAzaka - pannAlAla codharI, kAzI, vi0 saM0 1982. 2. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, pR0 1. 3. Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1926, jainastotrasaMdoha, bhAga 1. 4. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, pR0 22. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1954. 5. 6. vIra sevA mandira, dillI, vi0 saM0 2006. 7. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, pR0 10. 8. vahI, pR0 132-160; Agamodaya samiti, bambaI. 9. siddhAMtasArAdisaMgraha ( mA0 diga0 jaina granthamAlA ), pR0 124. 10. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, pR0 17-22. 11. vahI, pR0 26. 12. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, granthAMka 1. 13. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, pR0 102-107. 14. jainastotrasandoha, bhAga 1. 15. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka pR0 86, 107 - 119; jainastotrasandoha, bhAga 1; jinaprabhasUri ne RSabhadeva para 11 padyoM meM eka stotra phArasI bhASA meM bhI likhA ( jainastotrasamuccaya, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 90vA~ stotra saMskRta bhavacUri ke sAtha) /

Page #582
lalita vAGmaya - 569 vastupAla ( 13vIM zatI ) kA ambikAstavana', padmanandi bhaTTAraka' kRta rAvaNa-pArzvanAthastotra, zAntijinastotra, vItarAgastotra Adi, zubhacandra bhaTTArakakRta zAradAstavana', munisundara (14vIM zatI) kRta stotraratnakoSa, bhAnu candragaNikRta sUryasahasranAmastotra Adi stotra hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM jJAta evaM azAtakartRka upalabdha hue haiM jinakA ullekha karanA duSkara hai| jaina samAja meM sabase priya do stotra mAne gaye haiM : eka to mAnatuMgAcArya kA bhaktAmarastotra jo ki prathamatIrthakara kI stuti ke rUpa meM ( 44 yA 48 padyoM meM) racA gayA hai aura dUsarA kumudacandra kA kalyANamandirastAtra (44 padyoM meM) jisameM pAzvanAtha kI stuti kI gaI hai| ye donoM stotra apane ArAdhya ke prati vyakta kiye bhaktibhare udAra evaM samanvayAtmaka bhAvoM ke kAraNa ucca koTi ke mAne gaye haiN| bhaktAmarastotra ke kucha padya dhyAtavya haiM : tvAmAmananti munayaH paramaM pumAMsa mAdityavarNamamalaM tamasaH purastAt / tvAmeva samyagupalabhya jayanti mRtyu nAnyaH zivaH zivapadasya munIndra ! pnthaaH|| 23 / / tvAmavyayaM vibhumacintyamasaMkhyamAdyaM brahmANamIzvaramanantamanaGgaketum / yogozvaraM viditayogamanekamekaM jJAnasvarUpamamalaM pravadanti santaH / / 24 / / 1. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA vidyAmaNDala, pR. 193, jainastotrasamuccaya, pR0 143. 2. anekAnta, varSa 9, kiraNa .. 3. DA. kailAzacandra jaina, jainijma ina rAjasthAna, solApura, 1963, pR0 167. 4. jainastotrasaMgraha, bhAga 2; jinaratnakoza, pR0 453. 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 452; jaina yuvaka maMDala, sUrata, vi0 saM0 1998. 1. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, pR0 6.

Page #583
jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa buddhastvameva vibudhAciMtabuddhibodhAt tvaM zaMkaro'si bhuvanatrayazaMkaratvAt / dhAtAsi dhIra ! zivamArgavidhervidhAnAt / vyaktaM tvameva bhagavan ! puruSottamo'si // 25 // ArAdhya kI udAratA aura stotA kI vinayazIlatA ko vyakta karane vAle kalyANamandirastotra ke do padya' paThanIya haiM : tvaM nAtha ! duHkhijanavatsala ! he zaraNya ! kAruNyapuNyavasate ! vazinAM vareNya ! bhaktyA mate mayi maheza ! dayAM vidhAya duHkhAMkuroddalanatatparatAM vidhehi / / 39 // devendravandha ! viditAkhilavastusAra! saMsAratAraka ! vibho ! bhuvanAdhinAtha ! trAyakha deva ! karuNAhrada ! mAM punohi sIdantamadya bhydvysnaamburaasheH||41|| stotraracanA meM hemacandrAcArya sabase bar3e samanvayavAdI the| unake dvArA racita vItarAgastotra', mahAdevastotra' ke padya sadA smaraNIya haiM : bhavabIjAMkurajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai / / yatra yatra samaye yathA yathA yo'si so'syabhidhayA yayA tyaa| vItadoSakaluSaH sa cedbhavAneka eva bhagavannamo'stu te // trailokyaM sakalaM trikAlaviSayaM sAlokamAlokitaM sAkSAyena yathA svayaM karatale rekhAtrayaM sAMguliM / rAgadveSabhayAntakajarAlolatvalobhAdayo 1. kAvyamAlA, saptama gucchaka, pR0 17. 2. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, granthAMka / 3. vahI.

Page #584
lalita vAGmaya nAlaM yatpadalaMghanAya sa mahAdevo mayA vandyate // yo vizvaM vedavedyaM janana jalavidherbhaginaH pAradRzvA paurvAparyAviruddhaM vacanamanupamaM niSkalaMkaM yadIyam / taM vande sAdhuvanyaM sakalaguNanidhiM dhvastadoSadviSantaM buddhaM vA vardhamAnaM zatadalanilayaM kezavaM vA zivaM vA // dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina zilAlekhoM meM bhI isa taraha ke samanvayavAdI maMgalAcaraNa' draSTavya haiM : jayanti yasyAvadato'pi bhAratI vibhUtayastIrthakRto'pi zivAya..... dhAtre 'sugatAya viSNave jinAya tasmai sakalAtmane namaH / jaina stotroM ke saMgraha' ke rUpa meM aneka saMskaraNa nikala cuke haiN| unameM se kAvyamAlA, bambaI ke prathama gucchaka aura saptama gucchaka meM aneka stotra saMkalita 575 / muni caturavijayajI dvArA sampAdita jainastotrasandoha, bhAga 1 - 2 meM anekoM prAkRta saMskRta stotra saMkalita haiN| isake bhAga 1 ke pariziSTa meM prakAzita sabhI stotroM kI sUcI dI gaI hai jo bar3I upayogI hai / caturavijayajI dvArA sampAdita eka anya saMkalana jainastotrasamuccaya ke do bhAgoM meM tathA yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA se prakAzita jainastotrasaMgraha ke do bhAgoM meM aneka stotroM kA saMkalana huA hai / Agamodaya samiti, bambaI ne pro0 hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA ke sampAdakatva meM stotroM ke saTIka, sacitra aura samaMtra kaI bhAga nikAle haiM jo stotra - sAhitya ke jJAna ke lie mahatvapUrNa haiM / sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda dvArA prakAzita mahAprAbhAvika navasmaraNa meM gujarAtI anuvAda aura mAhAtmyakathAoM ke sAtha uvasaggahara, bhaktAmara, kalyANamandira Adi 9 stotroM kA vistAra ke sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / jarmana viduSI Dr. Charlotte Krause kRta Ancient Jain Hymns meM 8 stotroM kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi ke sAtha stotra - sAhitya ke mahattva ko batalAne ke lie 9 pRSThoM kI bhUmikA dI gaI hai jo paThanIya hai| mA0 diga0 jaina granthamAlA se prakAzita 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, pR0 85. 2. jaina stotroM ke saMgraha kI vidhi prAcIna hai / vi0 saM0 1505 meM himAMzugaNi kRta eka saMkalana milatA hai-jinaratnakoza, pR0 145; anya stotrakozoM kI sUcI jinaratnakoza, pR0 453 meM dI gaI hai / siMdhiyA oriyaNTala sirIja, saMkhyA 2, ujjaina, 1952.

Page #585
572 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa siddhAntasArAdisaMgraha bhI aneka stotroM ke parijJAna ke lie zlAghanIya hai / jainoM ke asaMkhya aprakAzita stotroM ke nAma aura namUne granthabhaNDAroM kI prakAzita sUciyoM meM bhalIbhAMti dekhe jA sakate haiN| dRzyakAvya-nATaka: kAvya ke do pradhAna bhedoM-zravya aura dRzya meM se nATaka yA rUpaka dRzyakAvya vidhA hai / isakA vikAsakrama bhAratIya paramparA meM RgvedakAla se DhUMDhA jA sakatA hai| Rgveda ke saramA aura paNi, yama aura yamI, vizvAmitra aura nadI, pururavA aura urvazI ke saMvAdoM meM nATaka sAhitya ke prAcInatama rUpa milate haiN| nATaka ke pradhAna tattva saMvAda, saMgIta, nRtya aura abhinaya haiN| adhikAMza vidvAn ina cAroM tatvoM ko veda meM upalabdha hone se nATaka kI utpatti vaidika sUktoM se mAnate haiN| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kAla meM Akara nATaka ke kucha spaSTa rUpa ullikhita pAye jAte haiN| virATaparva meM raMgazAlA kA nirdeza hai| harivaMzapurANa meM rAmAyaNa kI kathA para eka nATaka ke abhinIta hone kI carcA hai| rAmAyaNa meM raMgamaMca, naTa, nATaka kA vibhinna sthaloM meM nirdeza hai| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM naTasUtra aura nATyazAstra kA bhI ullekha hai| pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM kaMsavadha aura bAlibaMdhana nAmaka do nATakoM kA spaSTa nAma hai / __ rAyapaseNiyasutta (dvitIya upAMga ) meM sUryAbhadeva adhikAra meM ullekha hai ki deva-deviyoM ne mahAvIra svAmo se 32 prakAra ke nATaka khelane kI tIna bAra anumati mAMgo para uttara nahIM milA taba unhoMne mahAbora ke svarga cyavana, garbha, janma, abhiSeka bAlakor3A, yauvana, niSkramaNa, tapazcaryA, kevalajJAna, torthapravartana, nirvANa Adi prasaMgoM kA bAje bajAkara, sagota sunAkara, nRtya aura abhinaya kara mUka abhinaya jaisA nATaka kiyaa| 10veM upAMga puSpikA meM indra ne mahAvIra ke samakSa sUryAbhadeva ke dvArA nATyavidhi kA prarUpaNa karAyA hai| vahAM sUrya. zukra Adi dasa vyaktiyoM kI ora se abhinIta nATaka kA ullekha milatA hai| piNDanijjutti (gA0 474-480) meM 'raTTavAla' nATaka kA ullekha AyA hai| isameM bharata cakravartI kA jIvanavRtta ASADhabhUti muni ne abhinota kiyA hai| ise dekha rAjA-rAjakumAra Adi saMsAra se udvigna ho gye| kahate haiM ki saMsAra ko hAni hote dekha yaha nATaka naSTa kara diyA gayA / uttarAdhyayana ko vRtti meM nemicandra ne madhukarIgIta aura soyAmaNi ina do nATakoM

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573 lalita vAGmaya kA ullekha kiyA hai| prabaMdhakoza meM kahA gayA hai ki bappabhaTTi ke gurubhAI nannasUra ne vRSabhadhvajacarita nATaka Ama rAjA ( kannaujanareza) ke rAjadarabAra meM abhinIta kiyA thA / prAcIna jaina nATaka kRtiyoM meM zIlAMkAcArya ke cauppaNNapurisacariya meM vibudhAnanda nATaka diyA gayA hai / vardhamAnasUri ke manoramAcaritra kI prazasti ( vi0 saM0 1140 ) meM ullekha hai ki buddhisAgarasUri ne koI nATaka likhA thA / yadyapi vartamAna meM upalabdha jaina-ajaina saMskRta prAkRta nATaka kRtiyA~ saikar3oM haiM parantu unameM utkRSTatama to 20 se kadAcit adhika hoMgI / prAcIna kaviyoM bhAsa, kAlidAsa, zUdraka, vizAkhadatta, bhavabhUti aura harSa kI racanAe~ una uccakoTi kI kRtiyoM meM se haiN| uttarakAlIna nATaka kRtiyA~ kevala anukaraNa jaisI hI haiN| madhyayuga ke prAraMbha kAla taka saMskRta nATaka ke itihAsa kA yuga samApta ho cukA thA phira bhI vidyA aura adhyayana kI paramparA bar3I lagana ke sAtha surakSita rakhI gaI aura nATaka kI kalA aura abhinaya kA poSaNa rAjadarabAroM aura samAja ke susampanna varga ke Azraya meM hotA hI rahA / madhyayuga ke uttarakAla meM jaina kavi dRzyakAvya ke kSetra meM Age bar3he / caulukya yuga ke gujarAta meM jainoM dvArA na kevala nATaka race aura khele gaye the balki nATyazAstra para bhI grantha likhe gaye the / hemacandra ke kAvyAnuzAsana kA 8 vA~ adhyAya aura unake ziSya rAmacandra, jo svayaM 10-11 nATakoM ke lekhaka the, kA nATyadarpaNa usa kAla kI pratinidhi racanAe~ haiM / yaha paramparA uttarakAlIna caulukya yuga meM bhI calatI rahI / 'upalabdha jaina nATakoM ko kathAvastu ke AdhAra para hama vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM : paurANika, aitihAsika, rUpaka ( allegorical ), kAlpanika evaM sAmpradAyika | paurANika yathA rAmacandrakavikRta nalavilAsa, raghuvilAsa Adi, hastimallakRta maithilIkalyANa, vikrAMtakaurava Adi; aitihAsika yathA devacandrakRta candralekhavijaya prakaraNa, jayasiMhasUrikRta hammIramadamardana evaM nayacandrakRta raMbhAmaMjarI; rUpakAtmaka yathA moharAjaparAjaya, jJAnasUryodaya Adi; kAlpanika yathA rAmacandrakRta mallikAmakaranda, kaumudImitrAnanda Adi; sAmpradAyika yathA mudritakumudacandra /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sarvaprathama yahA~ hama rAmacandra kavi kI nATaka kRtiyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta karate haiN| pahale kavi kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / 574 kavi rAmacandra : ye hemacandrAcArya ke ziSyoM meM sarvapradhAna the / ' granthakAra ke vyaktigata jIvana ke sambandha meM adhika nahIM mAlUma phira bhI paM0 lAlacandra gAMdhI ne vilAsa kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai ki rAmacandra vi0 saM0 1945 meM utpanna hue the / unheM saM0 1166 meM sUripada milA thA / ve saM0 1228 meM hemacandra ke ziSya hue evaM paTTadhara hue aura saM0 1230 meM svargavAsI hue / prabhAvakacarita meM hemacandra kA jIvanacaritra batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki rAmacandra eka yogya ziSya the jo hemacandra kI paramparA ko calA sakate the / gujarAta ke nATyakAroM meM rAmacandra sarvocca the / unhoMne nATyazAstra kA pUrNa adhyayana kiyA thA / unakI etadviSayaka kRti nATyadarpaNa eka maulika racanA hai| isameM nATaka ke prakAroM, svarUpa aura rasoM kA aisA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo bharata ke nATyazAstra se bhinna haiM / isameM saMskRta ke kitane hI upalabdha aura anupalabdha nATakoM ke bhI ullekha haiM jinameM kucha to svayaM kavi kI racanAeM haiN| isa grantha meM vizAkhadatta ke lupta nATaka 'devIcandragupta' ke aneka uddharaNa diye gaye haiM jo gupta itihAsa kI lupta kar3iyA~ saMkalita karane meM bar3e mahattvapUrNa pramANita hue haiM / unakI zailI meM pratibhA aura pravAha hai / ve isa kalA meM nipuNa the ki sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa kahAnI ko kaise sundaratama nATakIya DhaMga se parivartita kiyA jaay| unhoMne bhAvAbhivyakti meM paryApta maulikatA dikhalAI hai / isake atirikta ve prathama zreNI ke samAlocaka, kavitA ke hArdika prazaMsaka aura tatkAla samasyApUrti karane vAle the / inhoMne aneka AlaMkArika stotra bhI race haiM / rAmacandrasUri cAra prakAra kI saMskRta nATaka kRtiyoM ke lekhaka the : nATaka, prakaraNa, nATikA aura vyAyoga | unakI paurANika evaM kAlpanika kathAvastu para likhI kRtiyoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai : 1. bhogIlAla ja0 sAMDesarA, hemacandrAcArya kA ziSyamaNDala; nATyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR0 209-222.

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lalita vAGmaya 1. satyaharizcandra rAmacandrasUri ne ise' apanA Adi rUpaka kahA hai| ise nATaka kahA gayA hai aura isakI kathAvastu satyavAdI harizcandra se sambaddha hai| isa kathA kA AdhAra mahAbhArata hai para abhinaya ke anukUla Avazyaka parivartana kiye gaye haiN| isameM 6 aMka haiN| ___ mahAbhArata meM harizcandra svapna meM vizvAmitra ko rAjya de apane satya kI parIkSA meM duHkha uThAtA hai| yahA~ vaha eka Azrama kI hariNI kA zikAra karane se usake prAyazcittasvarUpa yAtanAoM ko mola letA hai| rAnI sutArA aura rAjaputra rohitAzva ke sAtha rAjA ke nirvAsita hote samaya prajA ke udvega ke rUpa meM kavi joza meM A jAtA hai| isa kAruNika ghaTanA ko kavi ne isa DhaMga se varNita kiyA hai ki bhavabhUti ke uttararAmacarita kA smaraNa ho AtA hai| caturtha aMka meM mAMtrika dvArA sutArA kI rAkSasIrUpa meM upasthiti se rAjazekhara ke karpUramaMjarIsaTTaka kI yAda ho AtI hai, jisameM bhairavAnanda karpUramaMjarI ko snAnArdra vastra meM upasthita karatA hai| para rAmacandra kA yaha citraNa raMgamaMca kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana karatA hai| isI taraha paMcama aGka meM harizcandra dvArA mAMsakhaNDa denA nAgAnandanATaka kI yAda dilAtA hai, jisameM zaMkhacUDa ko bacAne ke lie jImUtavAhana garuDa ke lie apanI bali detA hai| ___ kavi ne apane 'nATyadarpaNa' ke siddhAMta 'nATaka jIvana ke sukha aura duHkha donoM kA pratibimba hotA hai' ko dikhAne kA pUrA prayatna kiyA hai / kavi ne samasta nATaka meM itane adhika padyoM ko yojanA kI hai ki nATyavyApAra ke svAbhAvika pravAha meM bAdhA pahu~catI hai| saMbhavataH isa viSaya meM unakI yaha Adi kRti thI isalie aisA huA ho| yaha nATaka subhASitoM aura muhAvaroM se bharapUra hai| isakA san 1913 meM iTAliyana bhASA meM anuvAda ho cukA hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 412, 460; nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, atre aura purANika dvArA sampAdita; satyavijaya jaina graMthamAlA meM muni mAnavijaya dvArA sampAdita evaM sasya zrI harizcandra nRpati prabandha ke antargata binA aGka-vibhAga ke prakAzita, ahamadAbAda, 1924, nAvyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR0 224 meM saMkSipta paricaya.

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jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa 2. nalavilAsa: isa nATaka' meM 7 aMka haiN| isakI kathAvastu kA AdhAra bhI mahAbhArata hI hai / yaha jaina sAhitya meM prApta nala-kathA para bilkula Azrita nahIM hai aura na isameM sAmpradAyikatA kI thor3I bhI gandha hai| ___ mahAbhArata meM nala-kathA ke kucha aise prasaMga haiM, jaise haMsa ke dvArA nala kA sandeza, kali kA nala ke zarIra meM praveza aura pakSiyoM dvArA nala ke vastrAbhUSaNa le jAnA Adi, jo ki raMgamaMca meM nahIM dikhAye jA sakate, unheM isa nATaka meM badala kara raMgamaMca ke anurUpa banAyA gayA hai| lekhaka ke ye parivartana maulika sundaratA meM vRddhi hI karate haiN| pratyeka aMka meM lekhaka kI pratibhA, uktivaicitrya jhalakatA hai| isameM damayantI kA caritra mahAbhArata kI apekSA adhika udAtta hai| isameM kaI aise saMvAda haiM jo pAThakoM ko dravIbhUta kara dete haiN| nala aura damayantI ke bIca viyoga ke karuNa dRzya se saMvedanazIla pAThaka binA dravita hue nahIM rheNge| yaha uttararAmacarita kI yAda dilAtA hai| kavi rAmacandra meM bhAva vyakta karane kI zakti kAlidAsa aura bhavabhUti ke hI samAna hai| ve apane varNana aura saMvAdoM se logoM ke sAmane anokhe dRzya khar3e kara dete haiN| svayaMvara kA dRzya bar3A hI prabhAvaka hai aura hameM raghuvaMza ke chaThe sarga kI yAda dilAtA hai| isa nATaka meM anekoM muhAvare aura subhASita bhare par3e haiN| yathA susthe hRdi sudhAsikta, duHsthe viSamayaM jagat / vasturamyamaramyaM vA manaH saMkalpatastataH ||(pR0 59) zate'pi zirasAM chinne durjanastu na tuSyati / (pR. 85) 1. jinaratnakoza, pR. 205; gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, 29, bar3audA, 1926, isakI prastAvanA draSTavya hai| ga. suzIlakumAra De ne apane grantha 'hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara', pR0 465 meM isa para sahAnubhUtipUrvaka nahIM likhA, nAvyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR0 223 meM isakA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai|

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lalita vAGmaya 3. mallikAmakaranda : isakI prastAvanA meM ise nATaka kahA gayA hai para vAstava meM yaha prakaraNa hai kyoMki isakI kathA kAlpanika hai|' yadyapi prakaraNa meM 10 aMka rakhane kA vidhAna hai para isameM kevala 6 aMka haiN| rAmacandrasUri ne apane nATyadarpaNa meM ise prakaraNa hI kahA hai| yaha isa kavi kI anya racanA kaumudImitrANanda ke samAna hI sAmAjika nATaka hai / ___ nAyikA mallikA eka vidyAdhara-kanyA thI jise navajAta zizu ke rUpa meM mallikA vRkSa ke kuMja meM par3I pAkara eka seTha ne usakA pAlana kiyA thaa| usakI aMguliyoM meM vainateya kI muhara vAlI aMgUThiyA~ thIM aura bAloM meM eka bhUrjapatra baMdhA thA jisameM likhA thA: 16 varSa ke bAda caitra kRSNA caturdazI ko maiM isake pati aura rakSaka ko mArakara ise balAt le jaauuNgaa'| __ mallikA yuvatI hone para eka rAtri meM kAmadeva ke mandira meM phA~sI lagAtI hai aura nAyaka makaranda use bacA letA hai| donoM meM prema bar3ha jAtA hai| mallikA use apane donoM kAnoM ke AbhUSaNa detI hai| makaranda ko eka samaya juAr3I loga pakar3ate haiM jise mallikA kA dharmapitA seTha rupayA dekara chur3AtA hai| seTha dvArA yaha mAlUma kara ki mallikA ke apaharaNa kA samaya A rahA hai, makaranda use bacAne kA prayatna karatA hai para kisI adRSTa zakti dvArA mallikA kA apaharaNa ho jAtA hai (1-2 aNk)| vaha vidyAdharoM ke loka meM jAtI hai jahA~ eka rAjakumAra citrAGgada se vivAha karanA asvIkAra karatI hai / makaranda vahA~ pahu~ca jAtA hai para mallikA kI mAtA citralekhA use dekha kara kruddha hotI hai (3 aNk)| makaranda nirAza hotA hai para use eka totA milatA hai jo usake sparza se vaizravaNa nAmaka manuSya bana jAtA hai| vaha apanI vipatti kI kathA kahatA hai / isa bIca makaranda citrAGgada se milatA hai aura usake AdamiyoM dvArA pakar3A jAtA hai (4 aNk)| makaranda ke isa kAma meM vaizravaNa aura usakI patnI manoramA sahAyatA karane kI pratijJA karate haiN| mallikA makaranda se apane dRr3ha prema kI bAta karatI hai aura pIche apanI mAtA aura citrAMgada se bhI (kapaTarUpa meM) (5 aNk)| chaThe aMka ke prAraMbha meM viSkambhaka meM mallikA makaranda ke badale apanA prema aura anurAga citrAGgada ke prati dikhalAtI hai, jo chalarUpa meM usake mana meM 1. nAvyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR0 230 meM saMkSipta paricaya.

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570 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa vizvAsa utpanna karane jaisA thaa| isa aMka meM Ate hI hama dekhate haiM ki eka gaMdhamUSikA tApasI kI AjJA se citrAMgada aura mallikA ke asalI vivAha ke pUrva eka dUsarA vivAhotsava hotA hai jisameM sAmAnya prathA ke anusAra mallikA aura yacAdhirAja se vivAha kA abhinaya hai| mallikA aura yakSa ke bIca vivAha sampanna hotA hai parantu yakSAdhirAja meM svayaM makaranda prakaTa ho jAtA hai| anta meM usa vivAha se saba rAjI ho jAte haiM aura nATaka kI samApti AnandapUrvaka mela meM hotI hai| anta meM mudrAlaMkAra dvArA racayitA kA nAma ( rAmacandra) sUcita kiyA gayA hai / yaha eka zuddha prakaraNa hai| 4. kaumudImitrANanda : ___ yaha eka sAmAjika nATaka' hai jise lekhaka ne prakaraNa kahA hai| isameM 10 aGka haiM / isameM kautukanagaravAsI dhanI seTha jinasena ke putra mitrANanda aura eka Azrama ke kulapati ko putrI kaumudI ke bIca premakathA kA varNana hai| ise kaumudInATaka bhI kahate haiN| prathama aMka meM mitrANanda apane mitra maitreya ke sAtha samudrayAtrA meM jAtA hai aura unakA jahAja varuNadvIpa meM TUTa jAtA hai| vahAM ve eka sundara kanyA ko jhUlA jhUlate pAte haiM / donoM eka-dUsare ke prati AkarSita ho jAte haiM / mitrANanda kulapati ke sAtha AtA hai jo usakA bar3e sneha ke sAtha svAgata karatA hai aura apanI putrI komudI se vivAha karane kA prastAva karatA hai| isI samaya varuNa AtA hai aura saba cale jAte haiM / dUsare aGka meM mitrANanda varuNa ke dvArA vRkSa meM kIlita eka vyakti kI rakSA karatA hai jo ki eka siddha thaa| varuNa use divya hAra bheMTa meM detA hai| ___ tIsare aGka meM mitrANanda aura kaumudI milate haiN|| kaumudI mitrANanda ke yauvanarUpa aura divyahAra ke kAraNa usa para pUrNa Asakta hai aura mitrANanda se apane pitA kulapati aura dUsaroM kA rahasya batA detI hai ki ve vAstavika sAdhu nahIM haiN| pratyeka vaNika jisane usase vivAha kiyA use vivAhagRha ke nIce DhaMke hue kue~ meM DAla diyA jAtA hai| isalie usane mitrANanda se vahAM se apane jinaratnakoza, pR0 96; jaina mAsmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1973; isake makoM ke saMkSipta paricaya ke lie dekheM-nATyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR0 225-227.

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kalita vAjAya pUrva patiyoM se prApta dhana ko lekara laMkA bhAga jAne kA aura apane pitA se sarpadaMza kA maMtra sIkhane kA prastAva rakhA / donoM kA vivAha hotA hai / mitrANanda kulapati se sarpadaMza kA maMtra sIkhatA hai| kavi bhAvI ghaTanAoM ko dvayarthaka padyoM se sUcita karatA hai / caturtha aGka meM donoM laMkA kI rAjadhAnI raMgazAlA meM Ate haiN| nagara meM praveza karate hI mitrANanda cora ke rUpa meM pakar3A jAtA hai aura use gadahe para baiThAkara nagara meM ghumAyA jAtA hai| usakA zarIra raktacandana se lepA jAtA hai| pAMcaveM se lekara dasaveM aGka taka yaha pUrA prakaraNa aneka alo. kika vAtAvaraNoM evaM ghaTanAoM se pUrNa hai jo ki eka-dUsare se zithila rUpa meM sambaddha haiM / sAtaveM aGka meM eka vaNikaputrI sumitrA sAmane AtI hai jo ki makaranda kI premikA bana jAtI hai| mitrANanda-kaumudI aura makaranda-sumitrA aneka ghaTanAcakra pAra kara anta meM AnandapUrvaka samAgama karate haiN| hAsya rasa kI kamI ko kavi ne pracura mAtrA meM pradarzita adbhuta rasa se pUrI kI hai| DA0 kItha ne isa prakaraNa kI AlocanA meM kahA hai ki yaha kRti pUrNarUpa se anATakIya hai, isameM kaI kathAprasaMgoM ko nATakarUpa meM gaThita kiyA gayA hai, pariNAmasvarUpa yaha Adhunika mUkanATaka ( Pantomime ) jaisA hI hai| Age calakara unhoMne kahA hai ki isa racanA meM darzakoM meM adbhuta rasa jAgrata karane vAle aneka camatkAroM ke sivAya aura kisI prakAra kA rasa nahIM hai| isI taraha DA0 De ne kahA hai ki isakI kathA daNDI ke dazakumAracarita jaisI hai aura lekhaka ko usI rUpa meM likhane kA prayatna karanA thaa| nATakIya kRti ke rUpa meM isameM koI adhika tatva nahIM aura na sAhityika dRSTi se bhI koI ullekhanIya kRti hai| pazcAtkAlIna isa jaise prakaraNoM meM nATakIya prasaMgoM kI apekSA jaTila kathAnaka hI vizeSa dekhe jAte haiN|' 5. raghuvilAsa: yaha 8 aMkoM kA nATaka hai| isameM rAma ke vanavAsa aura sItA-milana kI 1. e0 bI0 kIya, saMskRta DrAmA, pR0 258-59, gujarAtI anuvAda, bhA0 2, __ pR0 376-377. 2. su0 ku. De, hisTrI mApha saMskRta liTarecara, pR0 475-76. 3. jinararanakoza, pR. 326; isake akoM ke saMkSita paricaya ke lie dekheM-ke. eca0 trivedI, nAvyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR0 228.

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58. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ghaTanA jaina rAmAyaNa ke anusAra varNita hai| rAmacandrasUri ke nATakoM meM yaha aisA nATaka hai jise nATyadarpaNa meM bahuta bAra uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| prathama aMka meM rAjA dazaratha ke vacana-pratipAlanArtha rAma, sotA aura lakSmaNa kA vngmn| dUsare aMka meM rAvaNa dvArA sItA kA haraNa, jaTAyu kA sItA ke bacAne meM jIvana-tyAga / tIsare aMka meM rAma kA karuNa vilApa, hanumAnasugrIva se paricaya / caturtha aMka meM rAvaNa kI rAjadhAnI kA varNana, sItA ko AkRSTa karane meM rAvaNa kA asaphala rahanA / paMcama aMka meM vibhISaNa rAvaNa ko satparAmarza detA hai para koI phala nahIM hotA / rAma kA sandeza lekara dUta kA AnA aura lauTa jAnA / anta meM donoM ora se yuddha chir3a jAtA hai / chaThe aMka meM yuddha kA vivaraNa, rAvaNa kI zakti se lakSmaNa kA mUchita honA aura hanumAna Adi kA mUrchA dUra karane kA prayatna karanA hai| ve aMka meM mandodarI Adi kA rAvaNa ko samajhAnA para koI phala na nikalanA, rAvaNa kA rAma se anta taka lar3ane kA nizcaya karanA hai| 8ve aMka meM rAma aura rAvaNa meM yuddha kA varNana hai| rAvaNa chala se sItA ko usake pitA janaka dvArA rAma ke marane kI sUcanA detA hai, sItA agni meM kUdane kI taiyArI karatI hai, hanumAna se sUcanA pA rAma sItA ko bacAne ke lie daur3ate haiN| rAvaNa ke marane kI sUcanA nepathya se dI jAtI hai| nATaka kA anta rAma-sItA ke sAnanda sammilana se hotA hai / jAmbavanta antima zubhAzaMsA par3hatA hai / yahA~ sItA ke apaharaNa kI ghaTanA dUsare DhaMga se nirUpita hai|| rAvaNa kA veza badalakara rAma ke pAsa AnA-yaha kavi kA nUtana nirmANa hai aura bar3A rocaka tathA nATakIya hai parantu lambe-lambe padyoM kI bharamAra se vAtAvaraNa kA saundarya naSTa huA hai aura kathA ke svAbhAvika pravAha meM bAdhA huI hai| rAma kA sItA ke kho jAne para karuNa vilApa kAlidAsa ke vikramorvazIya kI yAda dilAtA hai jo bar3A hRdayadrAvaka hai| nATaka meM divyatattva-rAkSasoM kI divyazakti-kI bharamAra hai jo kotUhala bar3hAne meM Avazyaka samajhA gayA hai| isa nATaka kA saMkSipta rUpa 'raghuvilAsanATakoddhAra' milatA hai jisameM gadya bhAga ko haTAkara kevala padya rakhe gaye haiM aura isa taraha vaha nATaka kA AdhA raha gayA hai|

Page #594
58 lalita vAGmaya 6. nirbhayabhomavyAyoga: yaha eka aMka kA rUpaka' hai jise 'vyAyoga' kahate haiN| isameM mahAbhArata meM varNita bakAsura ke vadha ko kathAvastu banAyA gayA hai| isameM bhIma eka brAhmaNa yuvaka ko rAkSasa baka ke caMgula se chur3AtA hai aura svayaM apane ko balirUpa meM prastuta kara bakAsura kA vadha kara detA hai / yaha vyAyoga bhAsa ke madhyama vyAyoga jaisA hai| yadyapi donoM ke ghaTanAprasaMga bhinna haiM para nAyaka bhIma donoM meM eka hai / vadhya brAhmaNa kI mAtA aura patnI kA karuNa krandana zrIharSa ke nAgAnanda kI yAda dilAtA hai| yaha racanA bar3I sarala aura prasAdapUrNa hai| isameM jijJAsA tathA kautUhala kramazaH bar3hakara carama bindu para pahu~ce haiM / isameM arastU ke siddhAMta saMkalanatraya sthAna kI ekatA, samaya kI ekatA aura ghaTanA kI ekatA-kA pUrI taraha pAlana huA hai| 7. rohiNImRgAMka: ____ yaha rAmacandrasUri kA anyatama prakaraNa' hai jo anupalabdha hai| ise 'nATyadarpaNa' meM do sthaloM para uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| prakaraNa hone se isakI kathAvastu kalpita hI hai| isakA viSaya rohiNI aura mRgAMka ke praNaya kA varNana mAlUma hotA hai| 8. rAghavAbhyudaya : rAma kI kathA para AdhArita yaha eka nATaka hai jo anupalabdha hai| rAmacandrasUri ne isakA apane nATyadarpaNa meM 10 bAra ullekha kiyA hai / bRhaTTippaNikA meM kahA gayA hai ki isa nATaka meM 10 aMka haiN| rAma kI kathA para AdhArita isa kavi kA dUsarA nATaka raghuvilAsa bhI hai para donoM kA ghaTanAprasaMga bhinna hai| raghuvilAsa meM rAma ke vanavAsa aura sItA-milana kI ghaTanA hai to rAghavAbhyudaya meM sItA ke svayaMvara kI ghaTanA hai / jJAta hotA hai ki raghuvilAsa se pahale rAghavAbhyudaya kI racanA huI thI kyoMki raghuvilAsa kI prastAvanA meM rAmacandrasUri kI pA~ca uttama kRtiyoM meM isakA bhI ullekha hai| 1. jinarasnakoza, pR0 314; yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, saMkhyA 19, vArANasI, vI0saM0 2437. 2-3. nATyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR0 232-233.

Page #595
582 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa 9. yAdavAbhyudaya: rAmacandrasUri kA yaha nATaka' bhI anupalabdha hai para 'nATyadarpaNa' meM isakA ATha bAra ullekha hai| isameM mukhya rUpa se kRSNa ke jIvana kI ghaTanA do hai jisameM kaMsa aura jarAsaMdha ke vadha ke bAda kRSNa ke rAjyAbhiSeka kA abhinaya hai / raghuvilAsa meM rAmacandrasUri kI pAMca uttama kRtiyoM meM rAghavAbhyudaya ke sAtha isakA bhI ullekha hai / isameM bhI 10 aMka mAlUma hote haiN| nATakakAra ne antima padya meM mudrAlaMkAra dvArA apanA nAma sUcita kiyA hai| 10. vanamAlA: rAmacandrasUrikRta yaha eka nATikA hai / yaha racanA bhI anupalabdha hai| nATyadarpaNa meM yaha eka bAra uddhata hai| isameM rAjA (saMbhavataH nala) aura damayantI kA saMvAda hai jisameM damayantI usa para anya nArIrakta hone se kruddha hai| saMbhavataH isameM nala aura nAyikA vanamAlA ke bIca premavyApAra kA varNana hai| isakA nAyaka nala hai| isameM nATikA kI prakRti ke anusAra nAyaka gupta rUpa se nAyikA se prema karatA hai| jyeSTha rAnI roSa prakaTa karatI hai aura bAdhAe~ upasthita karatI hai para anta meM nAyaka-nAyikA ke vivAha kI svIkRti de detI hai| candralekhAvijayaprakaraNa: ___ yaha hemacandrAcArya ke anyatama ziSya devacandra kI racanA hai| isameM pAMca yaha kumAravihAra ke mUlanAyaka pAvajina ke samIpa meM sthApita ajitanAtha ke mandira meM vasantotsava para kumArapAla kI pariSad ke santoSa ke lie khelA 1. vahI, pR0 233. 2. nAvyadarpaNa, pR0 115; jinaratnakoza, pR0 341, nATyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR0 233. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 120, yahA~ isake kartA devacandra ko hemacandrAcArya kA guru likhA gayA hai jo galata hai| ye devacandra hemacandrAcArya ke ziSya the| hemacandra ke guru kA nAma bhI devacandrasUri thaa|

Page #596
lalita vAGmaya 583 gayA thA / isa nATaka meM sapAdalakSa yA zAkambharI ( Adhunika sAMbhara - rAjasthAna ) ke nRpa arkorAja para kumArapAla kI vijaya aura arNorAja kI bhaginI se usake vivAha kA varNana hai / isakI nAyikA candralekhA eka vidyAdharI hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake racayitA hemacandrAcArya ke ziSya devacandra haiN|' isakI racanA meM unhoMne zeSa bhaTTAraka se sahAyatA lI thii| inakI dUsarI racanA mAnamudrAbhaJjana nATaka' hai jo sanatkumAra cakravartI aura vilAsavatI ko lekara racA gayA hai parantu vaha upalabdha nahIM hai / prabuddha rauhiNeya : yaha 6 aMkoM kA nATaka hai / isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlika rAjagRhanareza zreNika ke rAjyakAla ke prasiddha cora rauhiNeya ke prabuddha hone kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / " isakI racanA pArzvacandra ke putra vyApAraziromaNi do bhrAtA yazovIra aura ajayapAla ke anurodha se kI gaI thI aura lagabhaga vi0 saM0 1257 meM yaha unake dvArA banavAye jAlaura ke AdIzvara jinAlaya ke yAtrotsava para khelA gayA thA / hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra meM rauhiNeya kI kahAnI dRSTAntarUpa meM dI hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake racayitA prasiddha tArkika devasUri ( vi0 saM0 1226 meM svargavAsI ) santAnIya jayaprabhasUri ke ziSya rAmabhadra haiM / inake sambaMdha meM vizeSa kucha jJAta nahIM hai / jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 200. 9. 2 . vahI; jinaratnakoza, pR0 309. 3. jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, saMkhyA 50, bhAvanagara, vi0saM0 1974; jinaratnakoza, pR0 265; e0 bI0 kItha, saMskRta DrAmA, landana, 1954, pR0 259-60, isakA gujarAtI anuvAda saMskRta nATaka, bhAga 2, pR0 377-78 meM hai / 4. isakA paricaya 'jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' meM pR0 325 meM diyA gayA hai /

Page #597
584 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa draupadIsvayaMvara yaha do aMkoM kA saMskRta nATaka' hai jise gujarAtanareza 'abhinava siddharAja' virudadhArI mahArAja bhImadeva dvitIya (vi0 saM0 1235-98) kI AjJAnusAra tripuruSadeva ke sAmane vasantotsava ke samaya khelA gayA thaa| isake abhinaya se rAjadhAnI aNahilapura kI prajA bahuta khuza huI thii| yaha bAta nATaka ke prArambha meM sUtradhAra ke kathana se jJAta hotI hai / isameM kavi ne aise kaI chandoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai jinheM padazaH vibhakta kara aneka pAtroM se kahalAyA gayA hai| - racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA mahAkavi zrIpAla ke pautra evaM siddhapAla ke putra mahAkavi vijayapAla haiM / kavi kI anya koI kRti nahIM milI hai| anya ullekhoM se patA calatA hai ki kavi kA kula bar3A pratiSThita aura sarasvatI-bhakta thA / kavi ke pitA aura pitAmaha rAjakavi the / ye prAgvATa ( poravADa) vaizya tathA zvetAmbara sampradAya ke jaina the / inake kuTumba kI ora se aNahilapura meM svataMtra jaina mandira evaM upAzraya banAye gaye the| nATaka meM kartA ko mahAkavi kahA gayA hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ne isa kRti ke atirikta kucha aura grantha banAye the jo yA to naSTa ho gaye yA kinhIM granthabhaNDAroM meM prakAza kI pratIkSA meM par3e hoN| isa nATaka meM vijayapAla ke pitA kA nAma siddhapAla diyA hai| ye bho mahAkavi the / yadyapi inakA aba taka koI grantha nahIM milA hai para zatArthI kAvya, sUktamuktAvalI, sumatinAthacaritra, kumArapAlapratibodha Adi saMskRta-prAkRta granthoM ke praNetA somaprabhasUri ne ukta antima do granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM siddhapAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye donoM grantha unhoMne siddhapAla ke banAye upAzraya meM raha kara likhe the| kumArapAlapratibodha meM do-cAra sthAnoM meM siddhapAla kA ullekha hai aura eka sthAna para likhA hai: kaiyAvi nivaniyutto kahai kaha siddhapAlakaI / (kadApi nRpaniyuktaH kathayati kathAM siddhpaalkviH|) kumArapAlapratibodha meM ukta kavi dvArA racita kucha padyoM ke atirikta aura koI kRti prApta nahIM huI hai| siddhapAla ke pitA zrIpAla the jo apane samaya ke eka prasiddha mahAkavi the / 1. jaina mAramAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1918, sampAdaka-muni jinavijayajI. 2. bhUmikA, pR0 1.7.

Page #598
lalita vAGmaya somaprabhAcArya ne inakA yazogAna sumatinAthacaritra tathA kumArapAlapratibodha kI antima prazastiyoM meM kiyA hai| gurjaranareza siddharAja jayasiMha ke ye bAlamitra the / moharAjaparAjaya : isa nATaka ke zIrSaka kA artha hai moha yAne ajJAna para vijaya | yaha pAMca aGkoM meM vibhakta hai / isameM gujarAta ke caulukya nareza rAjA kumArapAla dvArA AcArya hemacandra ke upadeza se jainadharma svIkAranA, prANihiMsA ko rokanA tathA adatta mRtaghanApaharaNa kA tyAga karane Adi kA citraNa hai / yaha nATaka prAcIna kAla ke jaina rUpaka ( Allegory ) kA acchA namUnA hai| viSayavastu aura abhinaya kI dRSTi se yaha nATaka madhyayugIna yUropa ke IsAI nATakoM ke sadRza lagatA hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM aise aura bhI nATaka haiM jinameM ullekhanIya candela rAjA kIrtivarmA ke rAjya ( 1065 I0 ) meM kRSNamizra dvArA racA gayA 'prabodhacandrodaya' hai jo ki isa nATaka se sau varSa pahale racA gayA thA / 585 aisA jJAta hotA hai ki yaha nATaka ajayapAla ke rAjyakAla meM (san 197477 ) meM likhA gayA thA aura thArApadra ( Adhunika tharAda, banAsakAMThA jilA ) meM banAye kumArapAla ke mandira kumAravihAra meM mahAvIra kI rathayAtrA ke mahotsava ke samaya khelA gayA thA jahAM ki nATakakAra yA to zAsaka thA yA vahAM kA kevala nivAsI / isa nATaka meM rAjA, vidUSaka aura AcArya hemacandra ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI pAtra bhAvAtmaka - -- puNyAtmaka aura pApAtmaka vastuoM ke rUpaka haiM / pakSa-vipakSa ke pAtroM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : pakSa - rAjA - vivekacandra, dUta - jJAnadarpaNa, jyotiSI-gurUpadeza, maMtrI- puNyaketu, sipAhI - dharmakuJjara, rAnI - zAnti aura putrI - kRpAsundarI, mausI-zAntisundarI, kUpa - sadAgama, nadI - dharmacintA, udyAna- dharma, vRkSa-dama, ghaTa-dhyAna, sakhI - somatA, kavaca - yogazAstra, guTikA-trItarAgastuti / 1. gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, saMkhyA 9, bar3audA 1918; vistArabhaya se yahAM isakA sAra denA sambhava nahIM hai /

Page #599
586 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ___vikSa-rAjA-moharAja, rAnI-rAjyazrI, sahelI-gaidratA, kumArapAla kI rAnI-kIrtimaMjarI aura sAlA-pratApa / __isa nATaka meM aneka guNa haiM / sarvaprathama yaha sarala saMskRta meM likhA gayA hai / isameM isa prakAra kI kRtrimatA nahIM hai jo ki ADambarapUrNa anya nATakoM ko dUSita kara detI hai| isa grantha se hameM kumArapAlakAlIna jainadharma kI vividha gatividhiyoM ke vizada citraNa mila jAte haiM jinakA samarthana gujarAta ke zilAlekhoM evaM anya upAdAnoM se hotA hai| jinamaNDanagaNi ne apane 'kumArapAlaprabaMdha' (saM0 1492) meM isa rUpaka kA vastusaMkSepa diyA hai aura batAyA hai ki kRpAsundarI se kumArapAla kA vivAha saM0 1216 meM huA thA arthAt usa dina kumArapAla ne prakaTa rUpa meM jainadharma svIkArA thaa| isa nATaka meM jue ke. aneka prakAra tathA prANivadha para jora dene vAle aneka matoM kA ullekha milatA hai / isakI prAkRteM hemacandrAcArya ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se prabhAvita haiN| isameM mAgadhI nathA jaina mahArASTrI kA prayoga huA hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isa nATaka ke racayitA ne apanA paricaya sUtradhAra ke mukha se dilAyA hai| tadanusAra usakA nAma yazaHpAla kavi hai| vaha moDhavaMza ( moDhavaNika ) ke maMtrI dhanadeva aura mAtA rukmiNI kA putra thaa| vaha cakravartI ajayadeva ke caraNasaroja kA haMsa thaa| cakravartI ajayadeva caulukya ajayapAla hI hai jo kumArapAla kA uttarAdhikArI thaa| isa ajayadeva ne san 1229-1232 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| nATaka ke anta meM 'maMtriyazaHpAlaviracitaM moharAjaparAjayo nAma nATaka' likhA hai| saMbhava hai ki yazapAla ukta rAjA kA maMtrI yA zAsaka rahA ho ! isa nATaka kI racanA kA kAla ukta nRpa kA rAjyakAla mAnA jA sakatA hai / 1. kRpAsundaryAH saM0 1216 mArgasudi dvitIyA dine pANiM jagrAha zrIkumArapAla mahIpAlaH zrImahadevatAsamakSam / 2. zrImoDhavaMzAvataMsena zrImajayadevacakravarticaraNarAjIvarAjahaMsena maMtridhanadeva tanujanmanA rukmiNIkukSilAlitena 'paramAItena yazaHpAlakavinA vinirmitaM moharAjaparAjayo nAma nATakam /

Page #600
lalita vAGmaya mudritakumudacandra : isa nATaka meM pA~ca aMka haiM / kathAvastu bahuta choTI hai jo ki pAMcaveM aMka kI samApti ke kucha pahale sUcita kI gaI hai / tadanusAra isameM tArkika devasUri dvArA kinhIM Diga0 muni kumudacandra kI siddharAja jayasiMha ke darabAra meM strImukti-siddhi viSaya para parAjaya dikhAnA hai / strI-mukti kI bAta to 11-13vIM zatA0 ke jaina nyAyagranthoM meM khaNDanamaMDarUpa meM dI gaI hai| diga0 prabhAcandrAcArya ne apane do granthoM- -nyAyakumudacandra aura prameya kamalamArtaNDa meM strImukti kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura usakA maNDana vAdidevasUri ne syAdvAdaratnAkara nAmaka grantha meM kiyA hai / syAdvAdaratnAkara aura prabhAcandra ke granthoM kI viSayavastu meM tulanA karane para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prakaraNoM ke krama aura pUrvapazca tathA uttarapakSa ke sthApana kI paddhati meM syAdvAdaratnAkara nyAyakumudacandra ke bahuta samIpa hai aura kahIM-kahIM to donoM granthoM meM itanA adhika zabdasAdRzya hai ki donoM granthoM kI pAThazuddhi meM eka-dUsare kA mUla prati kI taraha upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / ' 587 prastuta nATaka meM strImukti ke pakSa-vipakSa meM kucha bhI na kaha kevala darzakoM ke Age 10-15 minaTa kA zAbdika abhinaya mAtra karAyA gayA hai / isake pUrva ke aMka ukta vivAda- abhinaya kI bhUmikA mAtra haiM jinameM dikhAyA gayA hai ki do sampradAyoM ke loga eka-dUsare ko lAJchita karane meM kaisA rasa lete the aura rAjavarga kisa taraha eka-dUsare ke pakSa samarthana meM Ananda letA thA / isa kArya meM lAMca ghUsa kI bhI AzaMkA kI gaI hai tathA daivI prayoga bhI kiye gaye haiM, yathA anta meM vajrAlA yoginI kA AviSkAra / 1. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, saMkhyA 8, kAzI, vI0 saM0 2432. 2. smaraNa rahe ki nyAya kumudacandra ke itane mahatvapUrNa hone para bhI usakI prAcIna pratiyAM kama milI haiN| anumAna hai ki ukta viSaya ko rocaka evaM AlaMkArika zailI meM pratipAdana karane vAle nUtana grantha syAdvAdaratnAkara ke prabhAva ke kAraNa usakA vAcana pAThana prasAra rudra ho gayA ho| isa ruke pracAra-prasAra ko sAmpradAyika dveSavaza vyaktivizeSa kI parAjaya ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kI dRSTi se mudritakumudacandra nAmakaraNa samajhA jA sakatA hai /

Page #601
588 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa nATaka meM jayasiMha ko nirNAyaka kI bhUmikA adA karate dikhAyA gayA hai| isa nATaka kI ghaTanA ko kucha vidvAnoM ne prabhAvakacarita aura prabaMdhacintAmaNi meM diye varNanoM ke anusAra aitihAsika mAnA hai para isakI aitihAsikatA meM sabase bar3I bAdhaka bAta yaha hai ki isameM vAdIrUpa se citrita digambarAcArya kumudacandra kI pahacAna aba taka nahIM ho sakI hai| vAdidevasUri ke samaya vi0 saM0 1143-1226 ke bIca digambara sampradAya meM isa nAma ke tathAkathita caturAzIti-vivAdavijayI, vAdIndra kumadacandra kA nAma nahIM milatA hai| nATaka kI kathAvastu--ghaTanA bhale hI vAstavika na ho para yaha nATaka tatkAlIna dhArmika, sAmAjika aura rAjakIya sthiti kI manovaijJAnika pRSThabhUmi prastuta karane meM saphala hai / isase usa samaya kI dhArmika spardhA, dharmAcAryo kI pArasparika asahiSNutA, rAjA kA svadezaja ke prati pakSapAta aura usakI vijaya dekhane kI utkaNThA Adi mAnava-svabhAva para Azrita bAte haiN| isa nATaka kA abhinaya kisa prasaMga meM huA hai, yaha sUcita nahIM kiyA gayA hai para yaha kutUhalavardhaka acchI sAhityika kRti hai| racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isa nATaka ke lekhaka dharkaTa kula ke seTha dhanadeva ke pautra tathA padmacandra ke putra kavi yazazcandra haiN| unhoMne sapAdalaca deza meM kisI zAkambharI ( vartamAna sAMbhara ) rAjA me abhyunnati prApta kI thii| unake pitAmaha zAkaMbharI nareza ke rAjaseTha the| yazazcandra ne aneka prabaMdhoM kI racanA kI tho, aisA nimna padya se jJAta hotA hai : kartA'nekaprabaMdhAnAmatra prakaraNe kviH| AnandakAvyamudrAsu yazazcandra iti shrutH|| inakA 'rAjImatIprabodha' nAmaka eka anya nATaka milatA hai / ' zeSa racanAoM kA patA nahIM hai| 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 33..

Page #602
589 lalita vAGmaya dharmAbhyudayaH ___ yaha ekAMkI nATaka hai / isameM rAjarSi dazArNabhadra ke jIvana kA ghaTanA-prasaMga varNita hai| isakA abhinaya, jaisA ki prastAvanA meM sUcita kiyA gayA hai, pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM kiyA gayA thaa| isake racayitA eka jaina sAdhu meghaprabhAcArya haiM jinake sambandha meM kucha jJAta nahIM hai| bahutakara ye gujarAta ke the kyoMki isakI pratiyAM gujarAta meM hI milI hai / isakA racanAkAla yadyapi mAlUma nahIM hai para pATana ke saMghabhaNDAra meM isakI eka prAcIna tAr3apatrIya prati hai jisakA lekhana-samaya vi0 saM0 1273 hai isalie yaha usake pahale kI racanA avazya hai| ise 'chAyAnATyaprabaMdha' kahA gayA hai aura isakA raMgamaMca para abhinaya kiye jAne ke spaSTa nirdeza diye gaye haiM, jaise ki jaba rAjA sAdhu ho jAne kA vicAra vyakta kare to yavanikA ke bhItara kI ora sAdhu ke veza meM eka putalA baiThA diyA jAya (yavanikAntarAt yativezadhArI putrakastatra sthApanIyaH, pR0 15) / saMskRta rUpakoM aura uparUpakoM kI sUcI meM chAyAnATaka kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, isase usakA svarUpa kyA honA cAhie, hama nahIM jAnate / aMgrejI meM chAyAnATaka ko 'zeDo ple' kahA jAtA hai| yahAM ukta prakAra ke nATakoM se kavi kA kyA abhiprAya hai, jJAta nahIM hotaa| gujarAtI meM isa prakAra kA eka nATaka subhaTakRta dUtAGgada aura eka ajJAta kavi kRta 'zamAmRta' hai| zamAmRta: neminAtha ke jIvana para AdhArita eka dUsarA ekAMkI chAyAnATaka hai|' isakI prastAvanA meM kahA gayA hai-bhagavataH zrIneminAthasya yAtrAmahotsave vidvadbhiH sabhAsadbhirAdiSTo'smi / yathA-zrIneminAthasya zamAmRtaM nAma chAyAnATakamabhinayasveti ( pR0 1) / 1. jaina mAtmAnanda sabhA, saMkhyA 61,bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1975; isakA jarmana anuvAda jeha0 DI0 ema0 jI0, bhAga 75, pR0 69 prabhRti aura Indische Shatten-theater meM pR0 48 prabhRti meM huA hai, jinaratnakoza, pR0 195; kIya, saMskRta DrAmA, pR0 55 aura 269. 2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 378, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1979 meM prakAzita.

Page #603
jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa isake racayitA kA nAma ratnasiMha diyA hai| yadyapi kartA ne apanA samaya aura anya paricaya nahIM diyA hai para saMbhava hai ki ye neminAthacarita para AdhArita 48 padyoM ke samasyApUrtikAvya 'prANapriya' ke kartA hoN| chAyAnATakoM kI ina kucha racanAoM ko dekhakara hama itanA kaha sakate haiM ki saMskRta ke chAyAnATaka saMkSipta aura sarala ekAMkI racanAeM hotI thii| donoM racanAoM meM gadya-padya kA prayoga hai para dharmAbhyudaya meM padya se kahIM adhika gadya hai| inameM kucha pAtroM se prAkRta meM bhI saMvAda karAye gaye haiN| sAhitya meM chAyAnATaka kahI jAne vAlI zailI apekSAkRta pIche kI hai kyoMki nATya zAstra ke pranthoM meM isakA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM huA hai / phira bhI ina nATakoM meM putalikA kA prayoga isa bAta kA saMketa kara rahA hai ki saMskRta nATaka ke vikAsa meM kaThaputalI ke chAyAnATakoM kA bhI hAtha hai|' hammIramadamardana : isa nATaka' kA saMskRta sAhitya meM apanA eka sthAna hai / paurANika ghaTanAoM para likhe saMskRta nATaka to bahuta mile haiM para unameM aitihAsika nATaka to gine-cane haiM aura unameM bhI samakAlika ghaTanAoM kA citraNa karane vAle to nahIM hI haiN| para saubhAgya se hammIramadamardana kI racanA samakAlika aitihAsika ghaTanA para huI hai| isameM gujarAta ke baghelavaMzI nareza vIradhavala aura usake maMtrI vastupAla dvArA musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa ke rokathAma kA citraNa hai| isake nAma kA hammIra arabI zabda amIra kA apabhraMza rUpa hai jisakA artha usa bhASA meM 'eka saradAra' hotA hai| yahA~ yaha dillI ke sulatAna ke lie prayukta huA hai| isa sulatAna ko nATaka meM kahIM-kahIM milacchIkAra bhI kahA gayA hai / 1. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaNDala, pR0 166, 2. jinarasnakoza, pR0 459; gAyakavAi prAcya granthamAlA, saMkhyA 10, bar3audA, 1920.

Page #604
591 lalita vAGmaya isa nATaka ke hammIra aura nayacandrasUriracita pazcAtkAlIna hammIramahAkAvya ke hammIra meM bhrAnti na honA cAhie kyoMki vaha mahAkAvya mevAr3a ke cauhAna rAjA hammIra ke itihAsa se sambaMdhita hai aura isa nATaka se 200 varSa bAda kI kRti hai / isa nATaka meM 5 aMka haiM / isakA abhinaya vastupAla ke putra jayantasiMha ke anurodha para khambhAta meM bhImezvara ke yAtrotsava' meM huA thA / isa nATaka kA ghaTanAsthala khambhAta ke Asa-pAsa kA hai / turuSka hammIra tathA yAdavanRpa siMhaNa aura lATa-deza ke kucha saradAra khambhAta para AkramaNa karanA cAhate haiM / vIradhavala kA maMtrI vastupAla mAravAr3a ke rAjA, surASTra ke saradAra tathA mahItara aura lATa ke kucha saradAroM ke sAtha sAmanA karatA hai / caroM dvArA zatrudala meM phUTa DAlI jAtI hai / yuddhasthala kA varNana raMgamaMca para dUtoM ke saMvAda dvArA prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / dUtaprayoga dvArA sthAnIya zatruoM ko milAkara vastupAla dUtoM dvArA hI turuSka senA meM haMgAmA, bhagadar3a macavAtA hai / anta meM apanI raNanIti ke kAraNa vaha zatru ko bhagA detA hai / nRpa vIradhavala ko isase isalie nirAzA hotI hai ki vaha apane zatruoM ko kaida na kara sakA para vaha apane maMtrI kI raNanIti kA ullaMghana karane meM lAcAra thA / nATaka ke anta meM milacchrIkAra ko bAdhya hokara vIradhavala se saMdhi karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / isameM diye hue pAtroM ke nAma tatkAlIna itihAsa se pahacAne gaye haiM 1 yaha nATaka uttaramadhyayugIna saMskRta racanA hone se atyanta alaMkAra bahula hai aura kRtrima zailI meM likhA gayA hai| phira bhI saMvAda joradAra haiM, kavitAeM manohAriNI evaM upamAoM se bharI haiM / vastupAla, tejapAla aura vIradhavala kA caritra citraNa bahuta acchA kiyA gayA hai tathA vaha jIvanta hai| pAMcaveM aGka meM vIradhavala ke naravimAna meM car3hakara aneka sthAnoM ko dvArA kavi ne kAlpanika yuga meM vicaraNa karane kA nATaka meM kevala eka strIpAtra hai aura vaha hai rAnI dekhate hue lauTane ke varNana prayAsa kiyA hai / samasta jayataladevI ( vIradhavala kI 1. 'zrI bhImezvarasya yAtrAyAM zrImatA jayantasiMhena samAdiSTo'smi kamapi prabaMdhamabhinetu Adi / pR0 1.

Page #605
592 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rAnI ) | kavi kA dAvA hai ki prastuta nATaka meM navarasoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / saMbhava hai ki strIpAtra ke binA zRMgArika bhAva kI kamI thI isalie usakI pUrti ke lie use upasthita kiyA gayA hai / yadi hama use nATaka kI nAyikA samajheM to vIradhavala ko nATaka kA mukhya nAyaka mAnanA hogA aura nATakakAra ne saMbhavataH aisA mAnakara hI anta meM usI se bharatavAkya kahalAyA bhI hai / dUsare rUpa meM nATaka kA mukhya pAtra vastupAla lagatA hai kyoMki usake mahAn vyaktitva se saba ghaTanAeM AcchAdita haiM / mudrArAkSasa meM cANakya kI bhAMti vastupAla ko bhI isa nATaka meM citrita karane jaisA prayatna dikhAyI par3atA hai / racayitA aura racanAkAla - isa nATaka ke lekhaka jayasiMhasUri haiM jo vIrasiMhasUri ke ziSya tathA bhar3auca meM munisuvratanAtha caitya ke adhiSThAtA the / isa nATaka ke kartA aura dvitIya jayasiMhasUra meM bhrAnti na honA cAhie kyoMki dvitIya jayasiMhasUri kRSNarSigaccha ke AcArya tathA mahendrasUri ke ziSya the / unhoMne saM0 1308 meM kumArapAlacarita kI racanA kI thI / nATakakAra isa kRti meM vastupAla - tejapAla ke dAna se prabhAvita dikhAyI par3ate haiM / unhoMne vastupAla ke putra ke anurodha para isa nATaka kI racanA kI thI / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1279 arthAt jayantasiMha ke rAjyapAlatva kI prAraMbha tithi aura jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra meM prApta tAr3apatrIya prati kI lekhanatithi vi0 saM0 1286 ke bIca kI avadhi meM kisI samaya huI hogI / " jayasiMhasUri kI dUsarI kRti 77 padyoM meM racita vastupAla-tejapAla - prazasti hai / karuNAvatrAyudha : yaha eka ekAMkI nATaka hai / isakI kathAvastu meM vajrAyudha cakravartI dvArA bAja pakSI ko apanA mAMsa dekara kabUtara kI rakSA karanA dikhAyA gayA hai / 9. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaNDala aura saMskRta sAhitya meM usakI dena, pR0 109. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 68; jaina bhAramAnanda sabhA, saMkhyA 56, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1973; isakA gujarAtI anuvAda ahamadAbAda se vi0 saM0 1943 meM prakAzita.

Page #606
lalita vAGmaya isakI racanA vIradhavala ke mahAmAtya vastupAla ke anurodha se zaQjaya tIrtha para RSabhadeva ke utsava meM khelane ke lie kI gaI thii| isa nATaka kI kathA kA nAyaka vajrAyudha cakravartI pUrvabhava me tIrthakara zAntinAtha kA jIva thaa| usa bhava meM usakI dayAlutA evaM dharmiSThatA kI parIkSA do devoM ne katara aura bAja kA rUpa dhAraNa kara kI thii| jainetara sAhitya meM bhI yaha kathA rUpAntara meM milatI hai, jaise mahAbhArata ke vanaparva meM zivi aura kapAta kI kathA aura bauddha jAtaka saMkhyA 499 kI kthaa| yaha kathA jaina kathAgranthoM meM sarvaprathama saMghadAsagaNi ( lagabhaga 500 I.) kI vasudevahiNDI ke 21ve lambhaka aura pIche aneka jaina purANoM meM milatI hai / yaha nATaka moharAjaparAjaya, prabuddharauhiNeya aura dharmAbhyudaya kI bhAMti hI jainadharma ke pracAra ke lie janapriya kathAnaka ko lekara racA gayA thaa| isakA adhikAMza rAjA aura usake maMtrI evaM rAjA aura bAja pakSI ke bIca hue dhArmika vAda-vivAda ke rUpa meM hai| kabhI-kabhI vidUSaka kI hAsyoktiyoM se bAtAvaraNa meM sajIvatA A jAtI hai parantu saba milAkara isameM abhinaya kama hai| saMvAda kI apekSA kavitAe~ adhika haiM / isa choTe se nATaka meM 137 padya pAye jAte haiM / kucha padya dhyAna dene yogya haiM / vidUSaka paraloka ke astitva meM saMdeha karatA hai to rAjA udAharaNa dvArA samAdhAna karatA hai : karasthamapyevamamI kRSIvalAH kSipanti bIjaM pRthupNksNktte| vayasya kenApi kathaM vilokitaHsamasti nAstItyathavA phalodayaH // 50 // racayitA evaM racanAkAla-isake racayitA mahAkavi bAlacandrasUri haiN| inakA vistRta paricaya hama inakI anyatama kRti vasantavilAsa' nAmaka aitihAsika mahAkAvya ke prasaMga meM de Aye haiN| dakSiNa bhArata ke kucha jaina kaviyoM ne bhI saMskRta meM dRzyakAvya likhe haiN| unameM se adhika to nahIM, kevala 4.5 hI kRtiyA~ prakAza meM AI haiM jinameM cAra ke kartA kavi hastimalla haiM aura eka ke haiM inake hI vaMzaja brahmadevasUri / nATakakAra hastimalla aura unakA samaya-dAkSiNAtya jaina kaviyoM meM saMskRta nATakakAra ke rUpa meM kavi hastimalla kA eka vizeSa sthAna hai / hastimalla vatsagotrI dakSiNI brAhmaNa the| unake pitA kA nAma govindabhaTTa thaa| ve apane 1. isa bhAga ke pR0 408 meM. 38

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594 pitA ke pAMcaveM putra the| unake zeSa bhAI udayabhUSaNa aura vardhamAna bhI kavi hI the jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zrIkumAra, satyavAkya, devaravallabha, para unase hama prAyaH aparicita haiM / hastimalla ke viruda the sarasvatIsvayaMvaravallabha, mahAkavitallaja aura sUktiratnAkara / rAjAvalIkathA ke kartA ne kavi ko ubhayabhASAkavicakravartI likhA hai / hastimalla svayaM gRhastha the / unake vaMzaja brahmasUri ne apane pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM kavi ke putra-pautrAdi kA varNana kiyA hai aura unakA nivAsasthAna guDipattana ( taMjaura kA dIpaguDi ) batalAyA hai / hastimalla kA asalI nAma kyA thA, isakA patA nahIM hai / yaha viruda unheM pANDya rAjA kI ora se milA thA / pANDya rAjA kA ullekha kavi ne kaI sthAnoM para kiyA hai para ve pANDya rAjA kauna the aura unakI rAjadhAnI kahA~ thI, kahIM ullekha nahIM milatA hai / hastimalla kA samaya karnATakakavicaritra ke kartA Ara0 narasiMhAcArya ne san 1290 I0 arthAt vi0 saM0 1348 nizcita kiyA hai / sva0 paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra brahmasUri ko vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI kA vidvAn mAnate haiM, aura hasti malla unake pitAmaha ke pitAmaha the, isase 100 varSa pUrva hastimalla kA samaya caudahavIM zatAbdI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / hastimalla ke arjanApavanaMjaya, subhadrAnATikA, vikrAntakaurava aura maithilIkalyANa ( troTaka ) ye cAra dRzyakAvya prakAzita ho cuke haiN| inake dvArA racita udayanarAja, bharatarAja, arjunarAja aura meghezvara ina cAra nATakoM kA ullekha aura milatA hai / anya racanA 'pratiSThAtilaka' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| aura sambhavataH yaha prati ArA ke siddhAntabhavana meM hai| inake kannaDa bhASA meM likhe AdipurANa ( purucarita) aura zrIpurANa nAma ke do grantha bhI upalabdha hue haiN| yahAM ukta kavi dvArA racita 4 dRzyakAvyoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai / 1. vizeSa paricaya ke lie 'aJjanApavanaMjaya' ( mANikacandra diga0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI ) kI aMgrejI prastAvanA, pR0 5.14 tathA hindI prastAvanA, pR0 63-68 dekheM |

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lalita vAGmaya aMjanApavanaJjaya : isa nATaka meM 7 aMka haiN| isameM vidyAdhara rAjakumArI aMjanA kA svayaMvara, rAjakumAra pavanaJjaya ke sAtha vivAha aura unake putra hanumAna ke janma kA ghaTanA prasaMga varNita hai / aMjanA - pavanaMjaya kA aneka utAra-car3hAva se bharA carita jaina sAhityajagat meM sujJAta hai / vimalasUri ke paumacariya ke 15-18 uddezaka aura raviSeNa kA padmapurANa tathA svayambhU ke paumacariu kI sandhi 18-19 isa carita ke AdhAra haiM para nATakakAra ne isameM Avazyaka parivartana kiye haiM / svayaMvara kI yojanA kavi kI apanI kalpanA hai| pUrva caritoM meM vivAha ke pUrva hI pavanaMjaya aMjanA se virakta thA para yaha bAta yahA~ ekadama parivartita hai / raMgamaMca meM na dikhAne lAyaka anya ghaTanAeM, jaise zizu hanumAna kA vimAna se giranA aura zilA cUra ho jAnA Adi isameM nahIM batalAI gaI / 595 nATaka meM kathopakathana-zailI acchI hai para kahIM-kahIM nAyaka aura vidUSaka ke kathana lambe aura samAsabahula ho gaye haiM / yaha nATaka ke rUpa meM eka mahAkAvya jaisA hai / isakA raMgamaMca para abhinaya karanA kaThina hai / chandoM kI yojanA meM, dRzyAvalI upasthita karane meM ora muhAvaredAra vAkyoM kI racanA meM kavi pUrNa dakSa hai / kucha muhAvare dhyAtavya haiM / 1. duravagAhA hi bhAgadheyAnAM paripAkAH / ( vR09 ) 2. na khalu duSkaraM nAma daivasya / ( pR0 977) 3. anubhUtaM hi zokaM dviguNayati bandhujanasAnnidhyam / ( pR0 115) 4. : svacchandacAriNaH khalu prabhavo bhavanti / ( pR0 86 ) 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 4; mANikacandra diga0 jaina granthamAlA, puSpa 93, pro0 mAdhava vAsudeva paTavardhana dvArA sampAdita, bambaI, 1950, isameM subhadrAnATikA bhI sammilita hai 1 2. aMjanApavanaMjaya kI aMgrejI prastAvanA meM pro0 paTavardhana ne pR0 14-15 meM una sabhI muhAvaroM kA saMkalana kiyA hai /

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa subhadrAnATikA: yaha 4 aMkoM kI nATikA hai| isameM RSabhadeva ke putra bharata cakravartI ke sAtha kaccharAja kI putrI aura vidyAdhara nami ko bahna subhadrA ke pariNaya kI ghaTanA varNita hai| ukta nATikA kI kathAvastu jaina-jagat meM suprasiddha hai| subhadrA bharata ke vivAha kI carcA jinasena ne AdipurANa ke 32veM sarga ke kevala 5 padyoM meM kI hai para kavi hastimalla kA yaha eka nATakIya vistAra hai aura ise unhoMne zrIharSa kI ratnAvalI ke anusaraNa para eka nATikA kA sundara rUpa dene kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| isameM sAhityazAstrokta nATikA ke guNoM kA pAlana acchI taraha huA hai para saMvAdoM meM kahIM-kahIM vistAra aura samAsabahula padoM kA prayoga aucitya ko maryAdA atikrAnta kara detA hai / muhAvare, subhASitoM se yukta saMvAda isakI apanI vizeSatA hai / kucha kA namUnA isa prakAra hai : 1. vAme vidhau bhoH khalu ko na vAmaH / (pR0 54 ) 2. gataM gataM, gantavyamidAnoM cintyatAm / (pR0 70) 3. yatnAntaranirapekSaiva mahAbhAgAnAM samohitasiddhiH / (pR0 83) 4. kuto mitabhASitA laghucetasAm / (pR0 86) vikrAntakaurava : yaha 6 aMkoM kA nATaka hai| isameM hastinApuranareza somaprabha ke putra kauravezvara ( jayakumAra ) aura kAzI ke rAjA akampana kI putrI sulocanA ke vivAha kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / ise sulocanAnATaka bhI kahate haiN| 1. mANikacandra diga. jaina granthamAlA, puSpa 43 meM pro0 mA0 vA0paTavardhana dvArA sampAdita, bambaI, 1950, yaha aMjanApavanabjaya ke sAtha prakAzita hai| isakI aMgrejI prastAvanA meM nATikA ke aMkoM kA sAra tathA muhAvaroM kA saMkalana (pR0 56-57 ) diyA gayA hai| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 350, mANikacandra diga. jaina granthamAlA, puSpa 3, bambaI, 1972.

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lalita vAGmaya isakA kathAnaka jaina-jagat meM suprasiddha hai / kathAvastu kA AdhAra jinasenakRta AdipurANa hai jisameM 43 se 45 paryoM meM jayakumAra-sulocanA kA varNana hai| hastimalla ne AdipurANa ke kathAnaka kA pUrI taraha anukaraNa kiyA hai / kevala nAmoM meM kucha parivartana hai| Adi purANa meM kaMcuko rAjAoM kA varNana karatA hai para yahAM pratIhAra kA nAma diyA hai / AdipurANa meM akaMpana kI dUsarI putrI kA nAma lakSmImatI yA akSamAlA hai jabaki yahAM ratnamAlA | zeSa kathAnaka prAyaH milatA-julatA hai / ise nATakIya rUpa meM parivartita karane meM hastimalla ne apUrva kauzala dikhAyA hai / isameM padyoM kI bahulatA ke kAraNa ghaTanApravAha meM bAdhA upasthita huI hai para vaise sabhI saMvAda acche haiN| ve subhASitoM aura muhAvaroM se bhare hue haiN| prAkRta meM nirmita saMvAda kahIM-kahIM lambe pratIta hote haiN| isameM aneka nUtana zabdoM kA prayoga apekSAkRta adhika huA hai, yathA-niSkuTa (gRhArAma), gosarga (prabhAta ), pArI, vITI (pAna kA bIr3A), sahasAna (mayUra), AndolikA (DolI yA zivikA ), niSTApa ( bhayAnaka garmI ), saMpeTa ( kruddha), abhisAra ( AkramaNa ) Adi / maithilIkalyANa : isa nATaka meM pAMca aMka haiM tathA sotA aura rAma ke svayaMvara kA varNana hai| prathama cAra aMkoM meM rAma-sItA ke prathama milana, AkarSaNa, viraha, kAmavedanA Adi kA varNana hai / pAMcaveM meM sItA ke svayaMvara kI taiyArI hotI hai| svayaMvara meM rAma vajrAvarta nAmaka divyadhanuSa ko tor3ate haiM aura sItA varamAlA DAlatI hai / donoM kA vivAha utsavapUrvaka hotA hai| sotA ke svayaMvara kA varNana vimalasUri ke paumacariya ke uddeza 38 meM aura raviSeNa ke padmapurANa, parva 38 meM tathA svayambhU ke paumacariu ( sandhi 21) meM diyA gayA hai / ukta jaina purANoM ke anusAra rAjA janaka apane rAjya kI rakSA ke upalakSya meM sotA kA vivAha rAma se karanA cAhatA hai| nArada sItA ke ghara meM Akara usase nirAdara pA usase badalA lene kI bhAvanA se isa vivAha meM bAdhaka banatA hai / vaha janaka kA apaharaNa karAtA hai aura vidyAdharoM dvArA pradatta dhanuSa 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 3 / 5; mANikacandra diga0 jaina granthamAlA, puSpa 5, bambaI, 1973, isakA sAra tathA samIkSA 'aMjanApavanaMjaya' kI bhUmikA meM pro. paTavardhana ne dekara isameM Aye sabhI muhAvaroM kA saMkalana kiyA hai

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa tor3ane meM saphala vara ke sAtha vivAha karane kA vacana pAlatA hai| para kavivara istimalla ne nATakIya abhinaya ke yogya ukta ghaTanAoM ko na cuna kara use prAraMbha se hI rAma-sItA ke prema-vyApAra para Azrita kiyA hai / ve nAyaka-nAyikA ke samAgama ko kaI bAra dikhalA kara uddIpana bhAvoM kA citraNa karate haiM / 598 hastimalla kI yaha rUpakAtmaka antima kRti hai / yaha anya kRtiyoM kI apekSA sarala tathA pravAhapUrNa hai / nATyazAstra ke anusAra ise troTaka kahanA cAhie jo ki sAhityadarpaNa ke anusAra uparUpakoM kA eka bheda hai / troTaka kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai : saptASTanavapaJcAMkaM divyamAnuSasaMzrayam / troTakaM nAma tatprAhuH pratyekaM savidUSakam / / 5.273 isameM yaha lakSaNa pUrNa ghaTita hotA hai / isakI saMvAda - zailI sundara tathA muhAvaroM evaM subhASitoM se bharapUra hai / jyotiSprabhAnATaka : isa nATaka kI kathAvastu 16 veM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ke navama pUrvabhava ke jIva amitateja vidyAdhara aura tripRSTha nArAyaNa kI putrI jyotiSprabhA kA romAMTika caritra hai / amitateja kA pAvana caritra to guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa ke 62 parva meM varNita hai para vahA~ jyotiSprabhA ke caritra kA koI vizeSa varNana nahIM hai / sambhava hai ki isa nATaka kA AdhAra koI zAntinAthacarita hogA jisameM jyotiSprabhA ke romAMTika jIvana kA vivecana ho / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake racayitA brahmasUri' haiM jo nATyAcArya hastimalla ke vaMzaja haiM aura unase lagabhaga 100 varSa bAda vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiM / inake trivarNAcAra aura pratiSThAtilaka grantha prasiddha haiM / 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 413; yaha nATaka beMgalora ke saMskRta mAsika patra 'kAvyAmbudhi' ( san 1893-94 ) meM prakAzita huA hai; jinaratna koza, pR0 151. 2. pradoSe jAyate prAtaH kiM kA maMgalavAcakam / kiM rUpayantu tacceha brahmasUrikRtizca kA //

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lalita vAGmaya isa nATaka kI racanA bhaga0 zAntinAtha ke janmakalyANa ke pUjA mahotsava ke dina khelane ke lie kI gaI thI / rambhAmaMjarI : yaha eka sahaka' hai jo ki asampUrNa hai / isakI kevala tIna hI yavanikAeM upalabdha haiM / ise bhUla se hastalikhita aura chapI prati meM nATikA kahA gayA hai'samAptA rambhAmaMjarI nATikA' / lekhaka ne to naTa aura sUtradhAra ke mAdhyama se ise sahI kahA hai / 599 isakA kathAnaka choTA hai / tadanusAra banArasa kA rAjA paMgu upanAmadhArI jaitracandra yA jayacandra sAta rAniyoM ke hone para bhI apane ko cakravartI siddha karane ke lie lATanareza devarAja kI putrI rambhA se vivAha karatA hai / yaha vizvanAtha kI yAtrA meM ekatrita logoM ke manoraMjanArtha rAjA kI icchA se abhinayArtha likhA gayA thA / isameM jaitrasiMha ke pitA kA nAma malladeva aura mAM kA nAma candralekhA likhA hai / lekhaka nayacandra ne isa kathAnaka ko anyatra se lene kA ekAdhika bAra saMketa kiyA hai / isake pUrva jaitracandra kA kucha varNana prabandhacintAmaNi, purAtana prabandhasaMgraha evaM prabandhakroza meM milatA hai / unameM use vArANasI kA rAjA to likhA hai para usake pitA ke nAma ke sambandha meM ekamata nahIM hai / usakI sAta rAniyoM tathA vabhA ke viSaya meM prabandhoM meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / rAjA kA upanAma 'paMgu' yA 'paMgura' thA, yaha prabandhoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai aura usakI jo vyAkhyA rambhAmaMjarI meM dI gaI hai lagabhaga vaisI hI prabandhoM meM bhI dI gaI hai / isase 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 329; rAmacandra zAstrI aura bI0 kevaladAsa ne nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI se san 1889 meM ise prakAzita kiyA hai| isa saTTaka kI yavanikAoM kI viSayavastu ke lie dekheM - DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 633, DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA bhAlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR0 426-31; DA0 A0 ne0 upAdhye, 'nayacandra aura unakA grantha rambhAmaJjarI', premI abhinandana grantha, pR0 411.

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nayacandra kA nAyaka gar3havAla jaitracandra ( jayacandra ) aiti hAsika thA ! unhoMne karpUramaMjarI ke DhaGga kA saTTaka banAne ke lie kathAnaka meM kucha aura jor3A hai / 600 yadyapi lekhaka ne prastuta kRti ko eka taraha se karpUramaMjarI se zreSTha batAyA hai para vAstava meM yaha karpUramaMjarI kA anukaraNa hai / vasantavarNana, vidUSaka aura dAsI ke bIca kalaha, virahI rAjA kA dvArapAla dvArA prakRti-varNana kI ora citta le jAnA Adi karpUramaJjarI ke varNanoM kI yAda dilAte haiM / kucha bhAva to thor3e antara ke sAtha donoM meM samAna haiM, yathA vidUSaka kA svapnadarzana tathA azoka, bakula aura kurabaka dvArA rAjA kI vAsanAoM kA uttejita honA aura premapatra kA Azaya Adi / yadyapi karpUramaJjarI kA kathAnaka choTA hai para usakI thor3I bhI tulanA rambhAmaJjarI se nahIM kI jA sakatI / isa saTTaka kA uddezya kyA hai, yaha anta taka nahIM jJAta hotA aura na phala kI hI prApti ho pAtI hai| kathA kA anta kisa prakAra huA, yaha jijJAsA anta taka banI rahatI hai / yaha eka khaNDita saTTaka hai / rambhAmaJjarI ke prAkRta padya utane prabhAvayukta nahIM jaise ki karpUramaJjarI ke / nayacandra saMskRta meM bhAvAbhivyakti karane meM bar3e paNDita the aura unake kucha padya sacamuca meM unakI kavitvazakti ke paricAyaka haiM / dRzyakAvya ke rUpa meM rambhAmaJjarI kA koI acchA prabhAva nahIM hai / sabhya darzakavRnda ke samakSa raMgasthala para eka rAjA kA eka ke bAda do rAniyoM se kAmavihvalatA dikhalAnA kaise acchA ho sakatA hai ? isake zRGgArapUrNa bhAva bhI gambhIra aura udAtta nahIM haiN| citraNa meM mI prabhAva kI apekSA dikhAvA adhika hai / kavi ne naTa, sUtradhAra, pratihArI ke dvArA rAjA kI prazaMsA meM saMskRta, prAkRta evaM marAThI chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / yaha eka mahattvapUrNa zailI hai ki nayacandra ne saMskRta bolane vAle kucha pAtroM ke mukha se prAkRta padya bhI kahalAye haiM aura prAkRta bolane vAloM se saMskRta padya kahalAye haiM / saTTaka meM saMskRta kA prayoga zAstrasammata na hokara kucha vyatikramasUcaka hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla - isake kartA nayacandrasUri haiN| inakA anya aitihAsika grantha ' hammIra mahAkAvya ' hai / ukta kAvya ke prasaMga meM inakA vistRta

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lalita vAGmaya 601 paricaya draSTavya hai / racanA apUrNa hone se isakA racanAkAla jJAta nahIM ho skaa| jJAnacandrodayanATaka : isakI viSayavastu jJAta nahIM ho sakI para yaha zrIkRSNa mizra ke prabodhacandrodaya ke uttara meM likhA huA nATaka lagatA hai / isake racayitA samrATa akabarakAlIna padmasundara haiM / inakI anyatama racanA ' rAyamallAbhyudayakAvya' ke prasaMga meM hama inakA paricaya de Aye haiM / inakA sAhityika kAla vi0saM0 1626 se 1639 hai / jJAnasUryodayanATaka : yaha eka saMskRta nATaka hai / yaha bhI zrIkRSNa mizra ke prabodhacandrodaya ke uttara meM likhI kRti hai / prabodhacandrodaya meM kSapaNaka ( diga0 jaina muni ) pAtra ko bahuta hI nindita evaM ghRNita rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / zAyada usI kA badalA cukAne ke lie isakI racanA kI gaI hai| donoM racanAoM meM bahutakucha sAmya hai / pAtroM ke nAmoM meM prAyaH sAmya hai, isake sAtha eka hI AzayavAle bIsoM padya aura gadyavAkya thor3e se zabdoM ke heraphera ke sAtha milate haiM / jJAnasUryodaya kI aSTazatI prabodhacandrodaya kI upaniSat hai / kAma. krodha. lobha, daMbha, ahaMkAra, mana, viveka Adi eka se haiM / jJAnasUryodaya kI dayA prabodhacandrodaya kI zraddhA hI hai / donoM kramazaH dayA aura zraddhA kA gumanA batAte haiM / jJAnasUryodaya meM aSTazatI kA pati 'prabodha' hai aura prabodhacandrodaya meM upaniSat kA pati 'puruSa' hai / jJAnasUryodaya ke kartA ne prabodhacandrodaya ke samAna hI bauddhoM kA upahAsa kiyA hai aura kSapaNaka ke sthAna meM sitapaTa ko khar3A kara zvetAmbara varga kA bhI / saMbhava hai ki yaha 'mudrita kumudacandra' kI pratikriyA meM kiyA gayA ho / kartA evaM samaya - - isake racayitA vAdicandra haiM jo mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya aura prabhAcandra ke ziSya the| inhoMne ukta nATaka ko mAgha 9. kucha vidvAn ukta sar3aka ko jaina kavi nayacandra kI racanA mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM haiN| 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 147. 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 385.

Page #615
A jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sudI 8 vi0 saM0 1648 ko madhUka nagara ( mahuA - - gujarAta ) meM samApta kiyA thA / inakA paricaya pahale de Aye haiM / 602 anya nATakoM meM Agamagaccheza malayacandrasUrikRta 'manmathamathananATya' aparanAma 'sthUlabhadranATaka' ullekhanIya hai / isakI racanA AcArya sthUlabhadra aura mezA (vezyA) ke upAkhyAna para kI gaI hai| yaha gAyakavAr3a prAcyavidyA saMsthAna kI patrikA ( 1966-67 ) meM prakAzita huA hai / meghavijayagaNikRta 'yuktiprabodhanATaka meM vANArasIya mata (diga0 terahapantha ) araNDana kiyA gayA hai / isa para svopajJa TIkA bhI milatI hai / jinaratnakoza meM kavi arhaddAsaracita 'aMjanApavanaMjaya' aura kezavasena bhaTTArakakRta 'RSabhadevanirvANAnanda" nATaka kA ullekha milatA hai / sAhityika TIkAe~ : jaina vidvAnoM ne kevala svatantra rUpa se kAvya - sAhitya kI hI sRSTi nahIM kI apitu AnevAlI pIr3hI ke lie usa sAhitya ko bodhagamya banAne ke lie laghu evaM vizAlakAya TIkAe~ ( vibhinna nAmoM se ) bhI likhIM / una TIkAoM kA yathAsambhava ullekha hama una una kAvyoM ke prasaMga meM kara Aye haiM / phira bhI granthabhaNDAroM kI prakAzita bRhat sUciyoM se aneka ajJAta TIkAoM kA patA laga rahA hai jinheM jijJAsu loga kaSTa kara vahAM se jAna leM / jaina vidvAnoM ne na kevala jaina sAhitya para hI TIkAeM likhIM haiM balki sAmpradAyikatA kA moha chor3a unhoMne jainetara sAhitya ke nyAya, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa Adi granthoM para saMskRta bhASA meM bahuvidha TIkAeM likhane ke sAtha hI jainetara kAvyoM, nATakoM, dUtakAvyoM Adi para viziSTa evaM samAdaraNIya TIkAeM bhI likhI haiM jinameM se anekoM se saMskRta kA adhyetAvarga suparicita evaM lAbhAnvita hai / 8461 1. vasuvedarasAbjAGke varSe mAghe sitASTamIdivase / zrImanmadhUkanagare siddho'yaM 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 320. 3. vahI, pR0 4. 4. vahI, pR0 57. bodhasaMrambhaH // 3 //

Page #616
lalita vAGmaya 601 kAdambarI para eka mAtra prakAzita prAcIna TokA' ke lekhaka bhAnucandragaNi. siddhicandragaNi kA nAma kisa saMskRtajJa ko jJAta nahIM hai ? kAvyaprakAza ke marmaza mANikya candrasUri ko usa para likho saMketaTIkA ke lie kabhI nahIM bhUla sakate / 15.16vIM zatI meM jaina vidvAnoM meM aneka TIkAkAra hae haiM jinhoMne svataMtra racanAoM kI apekSA TIkAeM likhanA hI apane jIvana kA vrata banA liyA thaa| kharataragaccha ke cAritravardhanagaNi ( 15vIM zatI) aneka sAhityika kRtiyoM para TIkAeM likhane ke lie vizeSa rUpa se prasiddha haiN| unakI jaina kAvyoM meM sUktimuktAvalI Adi aneka granthoM ke atirika raghuvaMza, kumArasambhava, meghadUta, naiSadha aura zizupAlavadha kAvyoM para likhI TIkAeM bhI milatI haiN| kharataragaccha ke hI guNavinayopAdhyAya (16vIM zatI) ne bhI aneka jaina granthoM para TIkAeM likhane ke sAtha raghuvaMza, nala-damayantIcampU, khaNDaprazasti Adi para TIkAeM likhI haiN| isI taraha zAntisUri ne ghaTakaparakAvya, vRndAvanakAvya, zivabhadra. kAvya evaM rAkSasakAvya para TIkAeM likhI haiN| sarvAdhika TIkAeM jaina kaviyoM ne mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke kAvyagranthoMraghuvaMza, kumArasambhava aura meghadUta para likhiiN| 'raghuvaMza" para nimnalikhita TIkAeM nimnokta AcAryoM kI milatI haiM : 1. ziSyahitaiSiNI-cAritravardhana (vi0 saM0 1507 ) 2. TIkA-kSemahaMsa ( 16vIM zatI) 3. vizeSArthabodhikA-guNavinaya (vi0 saM0 1646 ) 1. nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI. 2. AnandAzrama sirIja, pUnA, 1921. 1. jinaratnakoza. 4. vahI. 5. vahI, pR0 113, 329, 364, 343. 1. vahI, pR. 325, maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSThama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 24.

Page #617
604 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 4. subodhinI-guNaratna (vi0 saM0 1667 ) 5. arthAlApanikA-samayasundara (vi0 saM0 1692 ) 6. TIkA-jinasamudrasUri ( 16vIM zatI) 7. subodhinI-dharmameru ( 17vIM zatI ) 8. sugamAnvayA-sumativijaya (vi0 saM0 1698) 9. TIkA-zrIvijayagaNi 10. TIkA-puNyaharSa ( 18vIM zatI) dUsare kAvya kumArasambhava para nimnAMkita TIkAeM jaina vidvAnoM dvArA likhI gaI haiM : 1. kumAratAtparya--cAritravardhana ( 16vIM zatI) 2. TIkA-kSemahaMsa ( 16vIM zato ) 3. avacUri-mitraratna (vi0 saM0 1574 ) ( sAta sarga paryanta ) 4. TIkA-dharmakIrti ( digambara ) 5. TIkA-jinasamudrasUri ( 16vIM zatI ) 6. TIkA-lakSmIvallabha (vi0 saM0 1721) 7. TIkA-samayasundara ( 17vauM zatI) 8. TIkA-jinavallabhasUri 9. TIkA-kumArasena 10. vRtti-kalyANasAgara 11. bAlabodhinI-jinabhadrasUri ( 15vIM zatI) mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke khaNDakAvya meghadUta' para bhI bahuta-sI jaina TIkAeM milatI haiM yathA: 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 93; maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRti. grantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 22. 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 313-14; maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSThama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 24; samayasundaropAdhyAya ne meghadUta ke prathama padya ke tIna artha kiye haiN|

Page #618
605 lalita vAGmaya 1. TokA-Asar3ha kavi 2. vRtti-kSemahaMsa ( 16vIM zatI) 3. bAlAvabodha-mahImeru 4. avacUri-kanakakIrti ( 17vIM zatI) 5. ,, ,,--sumativinaya 6., ,-vinayacandra (vi0 saM0 1664 ) 7. paMjikA--guNaratna ( 17vIM zatI) 8. TIkA-cAritravardhanagaNi ( 15vIM zatI) 9. , , jinahaMsasUri 10. , ,-mahimasiMha ( vi0 saM0 1693) 11. , ,-sumativijaya (18vIM zatI) ,,-samayasundaropAdhyAya ( 17vIM zatI) 13. ,,,-zrIvijayagaNi 14.,,,vijayasUri (vi0 saM0 1709) 15. , , megharAjagaNi 16. meghalatA-ajJAtakartRka mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM ke pazcAt mahAkavi bhAravi ke prasiddha mahAkAvya 'kirAtArjunIya' para bhI do jaina TIkAeM milatI haiM : vi0 saM0 1603 yA 1613 meM racita vinayasundarakRta TIkA aura tapAgaccha ke dharmavijayagaNikRta dIpikA ttiikaa| prAcIna gadyakAvyoM meM subandhu kI vAsavadattA' para siddhicandragaNikRta vRtti milatI hai tathA sarvacandrakRta vRtti aura narasiMhasenakRta TIkA kA ullekha milatA hai| isI taraha mahAkavi bANakRta gadyakAvya kAdambarI ke pUrva khaNDa para bhAnucandragaNikRta tathA uttara khaNDa para siddhicandragaNikRta TIkA prakAzita 1. jinarasnakoza, pR. 91. 1. vahI, pR0 348; jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 2, kiraNa 1. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 15.

Page #619
jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa hai| isa para sUracandra ( 17vIM zatI) kRta eka anya TIkA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| anya mahAkAvyoM meM bhaTTikAvya para kumudAnandakRta subodhinI evaM zizupAlavadha mahAkAvya para cAritravardhana (15vIM zatA0 ) evaM dharmaruci ( 17vIM zatI) kRta TIkAeM tathA lalitakIrti (17vIM zatI) kRta sandehadhvAntadIpikA' TIkA milatI hai| samayasundaropAdhyAya ne bhI isa kAvya ke tRtIya sarga para TIkA likhI hai / isI taraha moharSa ke naiSadhIyacarita kAvya para 4 TokAeM milatI haiN| inameM sabase prAcIna vi0 saM0 1170 meM likhI gaI municandrasUrikRta TokA hai| dUsarI TIkA vi0 saM0 1511 meM cAritravardhana (kharataragaccha ) ne tathA tIsarI jinarAnasUri (kharataragaccha, 17vIM zatI) ne likho| tapAgacchIya ratnacandragaNi (17vIM zatI) kRta subodhikA nAmaka TIkA bhI ukta kAvya para milatI hai| anya jainetara kAvyoM meM se 'nalodaya' para AdityasUrikRta TIkA, rAghavapANDavIya' para padyanandi, puSpadanta aura cAritravardhanakRta TIkAeM, khaNDaprazasti ( hanumatkRtA) para dharmazekharasUri (vi0 saM0 1501) kRta vRtti, guNavinayakRta subodhikA (vi0 saM0 1641) evaM ajJAtakartRka vRtti, ghaTakaparakAvya para zAntisUri evaM pUrNacandrakRta TIkAeM, vRndAvanakAvya, zivabhadrakAvya aura rAkSasakAvya para zAntisUrikRta TIkAeM, durghaTakAvya para puNyazIlamunikRta TIkA aura jagadAbharaNakAvya para jJAnapramodakRta TIkA milatI hai| campUkAvyoM meM damayantIcampU para prabodhamANikyakRta TippaNI tathA caNDapAlakRta TIkA evaM nalacampU para guNavinayagaNi kRta TIkA milatI hai| 1. vahI, pR0 314; maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 25. 2. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri bhaSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 25. 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 219. 4. vahI, pR0 12.. 5. vahI, pR0 10.. 6-7. vahI, pR0 11, 329, 364, 183. 8. vahI, pR0.465. 9. vahI, pR. 166.

Page #620
lalita vAGmaya 607 subhASitoM meM bhartRhari ke zatakatraya para dhanadarAja (vi0 saM0 1490), dhanasArasUri evaM abhayakuzala (vi0saM0 1755) tathA rAmavijayopAdhyAya (vi0saM0 1788) kRta TIkAeM milatI haiN| unake kevala vairAgyazataka para guNavinayopAdhyAya (vi0saM0 1647 ), sahajakIrti ( 17vIM zatI ), jinasamudra (vi0saM0 1740 ) evaM jJAnasAgara ( 18vIM zatI) kRta TokAeM likhI gaI haiN| unake kevala zRMgArazataka para jinavallabhasUri ( 12vIM zatI) kRta TIkA milatI hai| 18vIM zatI ke rAmavijaya (rUpacandra ) ne bhartRharizataka evaM amaruzataka para TabArtha likhe haiM / jainetara nATakoM meM kavi murAri ke anardharAghava para tapAgacchIya jinaharSagaNikRta vRtti, naracandrasUri ( 13vIM zatI) kRta TippaNa aura devaprabhasUrikRta rahasyAdarza TokA milatI hai| isI taraha zrIkRSNa mizra ke prabodhacandrodaya' nATaka para ratnazekharasUri, jinaharSa tathA kAmadAsakRta vRttiyAM milatI haiM / prAkRta ke prasiddha saTTaka' karpUramaJjarI para bhI premarAjakRta laghuTIkA evaM dharmacandra (16vIM zatI) kRta TIkA milatI hai| prAcIna jaina granthabhaNDAroM kI samaya-samaya para prakAzita honevAlI sUciyoM meM hameM aise anya kAvyagranthoM para TIkAeM likhe jAne kI sUcanAeM milatI haiM jina sabakA saMkalana yahAM sambhava nahIM hai / ye saba TIkAeM jaina manISiyoM kI sAmpradAyika bhAvanA-rahita sAhityika sevA ko batalAtI haiN| 1. vahI, pR0 370. 2. vahI, pR0 366; maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, khaNDa 2, pR0 25. 3. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 21. 4. jinararanakoza, pR0 7. 5 vahI, pR0 265; jaina siddhAnta bhA kara, bhAga 1, kiraNa .. 6. jinarasnakoza, pR0 68. 7. sAmpradAyikatA kI bhAvanA se Upara uThakara sAhitya-sevA ke udAharaNa aura bhI milate haiN| isake lie dekheM-zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke lekha : digambara granthoM para zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kI TIkAeM evaM anuvAda ( vIravANI, '.23) tathA jaina granthoM para jainetara TIkAeM (bhAratIya vidyA, 2. 3-4 ).

Page #621

Page #622
anukramaNikA aMkalezvara 291 agni 184 aMgadeza 292 agnibhUti 195 aMcalagancha 110, 157, 197 199, agnimukha 132 303, 312, 314, 351, agnizarmA 267, 341,509 363, 462, 516, 518, aghaTakumAra 311 550 aghaTakumArakathA 311 aMcalagaccha-paTTAvalI 456 aghaTanRpakumArakathA 311 aMjanA 139, 160, 595 accaMkArimaTTikAkathA 359 aMjanAcarita 139 acyutendra 482 aMjanApavanaMjaya 594, 595, 602 aja 89 aMjanAsundarI 183 ajamera 410, 457 aMjanAsundarIcarita 183 ajayadeva 423, 586 aMbaDa 73 ajayapAla 399, 410, 423, 522, akaMpana 178, 596, 597 583, 585, 586 akabara 10,66,67, 78, 125, ajayameru 9 157, 158, 217, 219, ajAtaputrakathA 363 229, 313, 432-435, ajAtazatru 191 523, 601 ajAputra 320 akabara-zAhizRMgAradarpaNa 67, 432 ajAputrakathA 516 akalaMka 235, 279, 317, 526 ajAputrakathAnaka 320 akalaMkakayA 317 ajitaMjaya 482 akAlavarSa 62 ajitadeva 115, 257 akSamAlA 597 ajitadevasUri 202 akSayatRtIyAkathA 262, 367, 371 ajitanAtha 60, 72, 95, 582 akSayavidhAnakathA 371 ajitanAthapuraNa 95 agaDadatta 143, 251, 308 ajitaprabhasUri 107, 326, 334 agadattapurANa 308 ajitazAntistava 568 agaracanda nAhaTA 414, 473 maNitazAntistavana 568

Page #623
610 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ajitasAgara 310 anantanAthacarita 104 ajitasiMhasUri 84 anantanAthapurANa 104 ajitasena 65, 150, 292, 353, anantanAthastotra 91 482 anantanAhacariya 85 ajitasenA 482 anantabhUSaNa 370 ajiyasaMtithaya 565 anantavIrya 368 aNahilapATana 300, 421, 451 anantavratakathA 371 aNahilapura 9, 129, 397, 398, anansavratavidhAnakathA 371 424, 442, 443, 464, anantahaMsa 167, 265, 275, 371 584 anagharAghava 607 aNahilapurapATana 465 anargharAghavaTippaNa 251 aNahilavAr3a 403, 404, 443 anardharAghavanATaka 439 aNahillapattana 406, 502 anAthamunikathA 318 aNahillapura 102, 115, 417,536 anItipura 305 aNADhiyadeva 141 anuttarovavAiyadasAo 168 atimadra 261 anubhavazataka 200 atimuktaka 194, 197, 244 anubhavasAravidhi 138 atimuktakacarita 171, 197 anuyogadvAra 5 athavaNa 384 anuyogadvArasUtra 334 atharvaveda 127, 142, 436, 563 anekArthanAmamAlA 527 adInazatru 110 antaHkRddazAMga 147 adRSTapAra 533 antakRtadazAMga 298 adhyadhazataka 563 antagaDa 245 adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa 158 antagaDadasA 197 adhyAtmakalpadruma 148, 217 antarakathAsaMgraha 253 adhyAtmASTaka 287 antarkathAsaMgraha 429 anaMgasiMhAdikathA 265 andhakavRSNi 142 anaMgasundarI 356 annikAcArya 319 anaMgasundarIkathA 356 annikAcArya-puSpacUlAkathA 319 anagAradharmAmRta 505 anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA 566 anantakIrti 208 anyoktimuktAmahodadhi 218, 253 anantacaturdazIpUjAkathA 371 anyoktimuktAvalI 560

Page #624
anukramaNikA . anyoktizataka 560 abhinandananAtha 80 abaMdhanagara 149 abhinavacArukIrti 558, 559 abulaphaz2ala 433-435 abhinavapampa 119 abdula rahamAna 561 abhiniSkramaNa 200 abhaya 506 abhyaMkara 113 abhayakIrti 457 amama 127 abhayakumAra 61, 63, 74, 160, amamasvAmicarita 112, 127,444 177, 191, 192,507 amaraketu 348 abhayakumAracarita 191, 495 amarakoSa 556 abhayakuzala 607 amaragupta 268 abhaya candra 379 amaracandra 250, 321, 322,372, anyatilakagaNi 193, 399 404, 427, 428 abhaya deva 88, 205, 206, 238, amaracandrasUri 18, 30, 76, 64, 248, 350, 360 259, 502, 512, abhayadevasUri 71, 80, 82, 89, 514, 515 102, 109, 129, amaratejA-dharmabuddhikathA 316 133, 164, 193, 238, amaradatta 107, 322, 509 345, 498, 566 amaradatta-mitrAnandakathAnaka 322 abhayadevAcArya 421 amaradAsa 43 abhayadharmavAcaka 265 amaravijaya 319 abhayanandi 119, 386, 416, amarasiMha 103, 257 483, 484 amarasundara 167 abhayamati 540 amarasundarasUri 168 abhayamatI 284-287 amarasena 322 abhayaruci 284-287, 540 amarasena-vajrasenakathAnaka 322 abhayazrIkathA 360 amarasenavajrasenAdikathAdazaka 264 abhayasiMha 196, 386 amaruzataka 607 abhayasiMhakathA 333 amitagati 272-275, 560, 562 abhayasiMhasUri 386 amitateja vidyAdhara 598 abhayasena 46 amitasena 46 abhijJAnazAkuMtala 89 amIra 590 abhidhAnarAjendra 369 amRtadevasUri 133

Page #625
jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa amRtadharma 196, 291, 294, 36 9 aruNamaNi 95, 96 arkakIrti 58, 178 amRtAmra 509 argalapura 158 amoghavarSa 9, 16, 38, 59, 467 arjuna 499, 500, 527 ambaDa 161, 167, 195, 380, arjunadeva 445 381, 415 arjunamAlAkAra 195, 199 ambaDakathA 381 arjunamAlI 199 ambaDacarita 167, 381 arjunarAja 594 ambAdevI 444 arNorAja 398, 400, 401, 405, ambAlAla premacanda zAha 213 410, 415, 430,583 ambikAkathA 53 arthAlApanikA 604 ambikAstavana 569 arbuda prAcIna lekhasaMdoha 471 ambikAstotra 501 arbudAcala pradakSiNA lekhasaMgraha 471 ambudhinemi 536 ahaMdatta 268 amma 71, 72 arhadgItA 79 ayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA 566 ahaMdAsa 14, 114, 260, 504, ayodhyA 36, 61, 178, 291, 505, 544, 560, 602 338, 340, 517, 525, ahanmuni 41 529, 530, 534 alaMkAraprabodha 514 aranAtha 73, 86,110, 130,132 alaMkAramaNDana 521 araba 427 alaMkAramahodadhikArikA 44. aravinda 118 alabadAunI 434 arastU 26, 581 alAuddIna 411-413, 426 araha 146 avakarNaka 162 arikezarI tRtIya 541 avacUri 604, 605 arikesarin 240 avantisukumAla 299 arimardana 292 avantisukumAlakathA 299 ariSTanemi 361, 393 avantI 45, 355, 376 ariSTanemipurANasaMgraha 43 azanighoSa 107, 108,493, 494, arisiMha 404,437, 502 509 arisiMha Thakkura 441, 514 azaninirghoSa 106 aruNadeva 103 azanivega 551

Page #626
anukramaNikA azoka 127, 188, 204, 317, _353, 468 azokacandra 191 azokadatta 250 azvagrIva 90, 485 azvaghoSa 14, 25, 186, 188, 332 azvarAja 405, 502 azvasena 88, 493 aSTakarmavipAka 245 aSTaprakAra pUjAkathA 371 aSTalakSI 523 aSTAdazakathA 264 aSTAdhyAyI 572 aSTApada jinAlaya 515 aSTAhikA 372 aSTAhikA kathA 371 aSTAhikApUjA 52 asaMgala 118 asaga 97, 104, 126, 484486 ahamadAbAda 13, 54, 87, 176, 252, 317, 433, 449, 455, 465, 571 ahicchatrapura 480 Aine akabarI 433 AMcalikagaccha 98 AkAzapaJcamIkathA 371 AkkhANayamaNikosa 242 AkhyAnakamaNikoza 72, 85, 242 AkhyAnakamaNikoza- vRddhi 242 AkhyAnamaNikoza 92, 304 Agamagaccha 134, 202, 247, 261, 330, 351 Agamagaccheza 602 AgamasAra 52 AgarA 13, 158, 217, 434, 463, 562 AghATapura 9 AcArAMga 3, 70, 564 AcAropadeza 386, 416, 551 Ajama khA~ 433 AjJAsundara 353 Atmabodhakulaka 92 AtmabhaktAmara, 567 AtmabhAvadvAtriMzikA 200 613 AtmAnuzAsana 560 Adijina 552 AdityavratakathA 372 AdityasUri 606 AdinAtha 63, 166, 408, 438, 444, 502, 543 AdinAthacaritra 95 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye 39, 188, 235 AdinAthapurANa 95 AdinAtha maMdira 451 AdinAthastotra 501, 502, 568 AdinAhacariya 80, 350 AdipurANa 46, 51, 55, 66, 95, 187, 450, 490, 544, 548, 594, 596, 597

Page #627
jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa AdIzvara 72 bhAdIzvara jinAlaya 583 AnaMdavaMza 37 AnaMdIbAI 263 Ananda 73, 118, 194, 268, Anandakuzala 230 Anandaprama 261 Anandapramoda 110 Anandameru 66,67, 125, 432 AnandaratnasUra 261 Anandavijaya 464 Anandasundara 254, 353 AnandasundarakAvya 199 AnandasUri 92, 259 AnandAdizrAvakacarita 199 mAnartapura 185 Andhrapradeza 46 AbU 364, 398, 404, 444, Amradeva 72, 85, 304 AmradevasUri 243 AmradevopAdhyAya 92 AmrabhaTa 410, 416 Ara0 narasiMhAcAra 559, 594 . ArA 95, 289, 594 ArAdhanA 273, 342 ArAdhanA-kathAkoSa 165 ArAdhanAzAstra 91 ArAdhanA-satkathA-prabaMdha 236 ArAmatanaya 249 ArAmanandanakathA 320 ArAmanandanacaupAI 320 ArAmazobhAkathA 356 ArAmazobhAcaritra 417 AIka 177 ArdrakakumAra 177 ArdrakakumAracarita 177 AdrakumAra 73, 74, 195 Adra deva 490 Arya 557 AryaASADhakathA 333 AryakhapaTa 206 Aryanandi 46, 59, 538 AryarakSita 4, 202 AryarakSitasUri 206 ArSabhImacaritra 310 AlApakakharUpajambUdRSTAnta 157 AlsaDorpha 144, 308 Avazyaka 5, 76, 243, 271, 448 AvazyakakathAsaMgraha 264 470, 471, 473, 502 AbhaDa 428 AbhANazataka 560 AbhIra 410 AbhU 446 Ama 422 bhAmaNa 445 AmanAgAvaloka 421 Ama rAkhA 573 AmalakalpA 89 Amera 291, 41 bhAmrakavi 71

Page #628
anukramaNikA AvazyakacUrNi 5, 143, 209 390 indrAyudha 45 AvazyakaTIkA 363, 516 ilAcIputra 318 Avazyakaniyukti 5, 246, 319 ilAcIputrakathA 318 Avazyakaniyukti-cUrNi 34 ilApatirAja 127 Avassaya 245 ilAhAbAda 394, 396, 436 AzAdhara 14, 65, 128, 183, iSTArthasAdhaka 362 461, 484, 505, 568 isidattAcariya 346 AzApallI 345, 415, 443 isimaNDalathotta 565 AzArAja 417, 502 IDara 51, 180, 248, 456-458 AzAzAha 13 IrAna 177 Azuka 448 IliyaDa 27 Azukavi 514 Izvarasena 46 ASADha 71 IsAI 585 ASADhabhUti 572 I0 hulza 469 AsaDa 234, 408 ukezagaccha 352 Asadakavi 605 ukezagacchIya-paTTAvalI 456 AsaDhamuni 559 ugrasena 479 AsApallipurI 87 ujayinI 163, 201, 235, 284, ikSvAku 36, 92, 480, 531 292, 297, 374, 384, iNDiyana eNTIkverI 469 385, 533-535, 551 iNDocIna 389 ujjaina 9, 37, 213, 267, 291, iNDoneziyA 389 292, 299, 347, 356 indudUta 464, 546, 552, 553 ujjainI 194, 209, 271, 308, indumatI 89, 487 311, 378 indra 185, 213, 236, 378, ur3IsA 8, 152, 153, 467, 468 478, 536, 563, 572 _uNAdinAmamAlA 245 indraguru 41 uttamakumAra 308 indrajAlikakathA 333 uttamakumAracarita 308 indradevarasa 295 uttamapura 184, 185 indranandi 119, 450 uttamarSi 253 indrabhUti 86, 195 uttamavijaya 196 indrahaMsagaNi 104, 140, 227 uttara kozala 487

Page #629
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa uttarapurANa 17, 34, 41, 51, 52, 55, 60, 66, 89, 150, 154, 170, 301, 442, 450, 461, 480, 481, 485, 486, 490, 503, 598 uttara pradeza 8, 480 uttararAmacarita 575, 576 uttarAdhyayana 44, 160, 161,,197, 243, 245, 269, 271, 308, 318, 448,564, 572 uttarAdhyayanakathAe~ 264 uttarAbhyayanakathAsaMgraha 217, 264 uttarAdhyayanacUrNi 209 uttarAdhyayanaTIkA 304, 358 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 209 uttarAdhyayanavRtti 92, 308 uttarApatha 341 udayacandra 313 uddIpikA 78 udayadharma 261 udayadharmagaNi 328 udayana 201, 410, 494 udayanacaritra 194 udayanandi 207 udayanarAjakathA 194 udayaprabha 115, 258, 266, 403 udayaprabhasUri 18, 25, 50, 121, 122, 154, 259, 353, 408, 409, 420,438 udayabhUSaNa 594 udayarAja 445 udayavijaya 140 udayavIragaNi 125 udayasAgara 110, 176 udayasAgaragaNi 294 udAyana 73, 74, 196 udAyananRpaprabandha 196 udAyanarAjakathA 196 udAyanarAjacaritra 197 udAyI 74 udyotanasUri 33, 39, 42, 48, 92, 156, 179, 180, 187, 188, 269, 286, 304, 335, 341, 343, 451, 531 udyotapaMcamIkathA 372 udyotasAgara 169, 174 upakezagaccha 83, 2.29, 362 upadezakaMdalI 233, 234, 408 upadezacintAmaNi 233, 518, 560 upadezataraMgiNI 228, 233, 246, 331, 383, 429, 430, 514, 560 upadezapada 325, 329, 331, 332, upadezaprakaraNa 233 upadezaprasAda 234, 262, 318, 319, 324, 325. 327, 328, 331, 357, 359, 373

Page #630
manukramaNikA upadezamAlA 115, 154, 233, 250, 255, 318, 319, 324, 559 upadezamAlAkathAnakachappaya 122 / upadezamAlA-kathAsamAsa 250 upadezamAlA-prakaraNa 233, 234 upadezaratnAkara 234 upadezarasAyana 233 upadezavRtti 331 upadezasaMgraha 263 upadezasaptati 430 upadezAmRta 200 upamitibhavaprapaMcA 86, 128 upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathA 134, 276 342 upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathAsAroddhAra 280 upamitibhavaprapaMcAkayoddhAra 280 / upamitimavaprapaMcAnAmasamaccaya 280 upamitibhavaprapaMcoddhAra 280 . upasargamaNDana 521 upAsakadazAkathA 199, 264 upAsakAcAra 273 upAsakAdhyayana 540 upAsakAdhyayana-TIkA 541 umAkAnta premAnanda zAha 209 umAsvAti 128 urvazI 572 ulugakhA~ 426 ullUkhAna 411, 412 uvaesamAlA 324 uvasaggahara 564, 571 . uvasaggaharaprabhAvakathA 370 uvasamgaharastotra 555, 565, 567 uvAsagadasA 269 uSA 563 Rgveda 436, 563, 572 Rddhicandra 313 RSabha 7, 36, 53, 55, 77, 79, 90-92, 115, 158, 360, 517, 524, 529 RSabhadatta 73 RSabhadAsa 217,362 RSabhadeva 10, 56, 57, 74, 80, 93, 132, 142, 160, 176, 179, 181, 258, 304, 342, 511, 522, 530, 556, 557, 564, RSabhadevacarita 66, 80, 95, 66 RSabhadevanirvANAnandanATaka 602 RSabhapaMcAzikA 535, 565 RSabhapura 340 RSabhabhaktAmara 567 . RSabhamahimnastotra 555 RSabhavIrastava 148 RSabhazataka 256 RSigupta 46 RSidattA 346 RSidattAcarita 346 RSidattApurANa 347 RSidattAsatIAkhyAna 347 RSibhASitasUtra 160, 166, 167, 177

Page #631
618 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa RSimaNDalastotragatakathA 371 ekAdaza-gaNadharacarita 266 ekAdazIvratakathA 372 ekIbhAvastotra 287, 568 e0 garino 470 ejarTana 388 eNikA 340 ena0 DablyU. brAuna 213 epigrAphiyA karNATikA 469 ebarakrombI 26 ema0 Diksana 26 elAcArya 59 elASADha 271 ehole 467 aila 43 oDayadeva 18, 119, 152, 538 oDeya 152, 153 osavAla 229, 447 auDisI 27 audAryacintAmaNi 248 aupapAtika 167 auraMgAbAda 552 kaMkAlI TIlA 449 kaMcanapura 304 kaMcanamAlA 145 kaMcanaratha 340 kaMcukI 597 kaMDarIka 73, 271 kaMsa 127, 131, 197, 582 kaMsavadha 572 kakkasUri 229, 330, 362 kakkuka 466 kaccha 410 kaccharAja 596 kacchavAhA 19 kachavAhA 467 kaTAhadvIpa 384 kaTTagerI 119 kaTha 88 kaDaba 467 kaNTezvarI 415 kaNhacariya 131 kathAkallolinI 255 kathAkoza 47, 236, 237, 239, 244, 246, 247, 299, 310, 332, 287 kathAkozaprakaraNa 237, 238 kathAkoSa 165 kathAkoSaprakaraNa 238, 316, 345, kathAgrantha 253, 255 kathAdvAtriMzikA 255 kathAnakakoza 239, 253 kathAnukramaNikA 253 kathAprabandha 255 kathAmahodadhi 243 kathAratnakoza 91, 240 kathAratnakoSa 89 kathAratnasAgara 251, 439 kathAratnAkara 218, 251, 388 kathAratnAkarobAra 253 kathArNava 250

Page #632
anukramaNikA kanakazreSThyAdikayA 265 kanakasundarI 175 kanakasena 65, 150 kanakasoma 212 kanakAmara 165 kanakAvatI 322, 358 kanakAvatIAkhyAna 359 kanakAvatIcarita 358 kanakAvalI 303 kannAna nagara 427 kannauja 13, 236, 421, 422, kathAvalI 248 kathAzataka 255 kathAsaMgraha 253, 254, 299, 332, 388 kathAsaMcaya 255 kathAsamAsa 250 kathAsamuccaya 255 kathAsaritsAgara 375, 382 kadamba 8, 186 kanaka 88 kanakakIrti 605 kanakakuzala 324, 366, 367, 371, 372, 357, 358 kanakakuzalagaNi 261, 359, 368 kanakacandrasUri 175 kanakadhvaja 175 kanakanandi 119 kanakanidhAna 212 kanakapura 149 kanakaprabha 110, 132, 171 / kanakaprabhasUri 50, 112, 271 kanakabAhu 89 kanakamaMbarI 163 kanakamAlA 163, 303, 348 kanakaratha 261, 324, 344, 346 kanakarathakathA 324 kanakarathacarita 324 kanakavatI 496, 497 kanakavijaya 117, 218 kanakavijayagaNi 264 kanakavega 88 kapaDavaNaja 553 kapilakevalI 73 kapiSTha 485 kamaTha 88, 89, 125 kamalaprabhasUri 182 kamalabhava 188 kamalarAja 312 kamalavijaya 125 kamalavijayagaNi 218 kamalazreSThI 127 kamalasaMyamopAdhyAya 212 kamalasena 103, 174, 304 kamalA 99 kamalAvatI 348, 358 kamalAvatIkathA 358 kamalAvatIcarita 358 kamalAvatIrAsa 358 kayavannAkathA 316 karakaNDa 160-162, 164, 165 karakaNDucariu 165

Page #633
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa karakaNDucarita 165, 166 kariNI 349 karirAjakathA 323 karirAjamahIpAla, 261 karuNAvajrAyudha 592 karka 240 karNa 397, 402, 513, 527 karNadeva 444, 446, 447 karNarAja 541 karNasiMha 52 karNATa 415 karNATaka 59, 188, 240, 470 karNAmRtapurANa 66 karnATaka 46, 47, 64, 119, 441, 594 karpUrakathAmahodadhi 243 karpUraprakara 560 kapUraprakaraTIkA 139 244 kapUraprakaraNaTIkA 154 kapUramaMjarI 575, 600, 607 kapUramaMjarIsaTTaka 575 karmakANDa 484 karmacandra bacchAvata 433 karmacandra maMtrI 229 karmavaMzotkIrtanakAdhya 229, 433 karmavipAka 52 karmasArakathA 333 kalakattA 470 kalApakaraNasaMdhigarbhitastava 555, 556 kalAvatI 97, 136, 174, 175, kalAvatIcarita 358 kalAvicakSaNa 384 kaliMga 152, 415, 466, 470 kali 576 kaliyuga 406 kalki 45 kalcUri 9 kalpanirukta 122 kalpamaMjarI 247 kalpavallI 114 kalpasUtra 34, 446,472 kalyANakIrti 283, 290 kalyANacandra 354 kalyANatilaka 212 kalyANamaMdira 564,568, 571 kalyANamaMdirastotra 555,567, 569, 570 kalyANamaMdirastotraTIkA 261 kalyANavijaya 38, 78, 218 kalyANavijayagaNi 252,450,454 kalyANasAgara 604 kalhaNa 394, 402, 417, 421, 425 kavikalpadruma 521 kaviparamezvara 60 kavirAja 525 kavizikSA 514 kazcidbhaTa 184 kazmIra 149, 415, 421, 422, 424, 481

Page #634
bhanukramaNikA .121 kasAI 506 kasAmbita 106 kasAyapAhuDa 3, 450 kastUracandra kAsalIvAla 51 kastUrIprakara 253 kahAkosu 198 kahANayakosa 350 kahArayaNakosa 91, 240 kahAvalI 6, 34, 35, 70, 154, 203, 204, 209 kAMcanapura 162, 492 kAMcI 532 kAMpilyanagara 162 kAMpilyarAja 110 kAkajaMgha 103, 127 kAkajaMghakokAsakakathA 333 kAkandInagarI 340 kAkutsthakelinATaka 440 kAkusthakelikAvya 201 kAThiyAvAr3a 46, 47, 235, 462 kANabhikSu 60 kAtaMtravyAkaraNa 221, 505 kAtaMtravyAkaraNavRtti 312 kAdambarI 18, 23, 267, 341, 491, 519, 531, 533, 534, 537, 538, 603, kAnhaNasiMha 95 kAnhA 447 kAbula 433 kAmakumbhakathA 316 kAmakumbhAdikathA-saMgraha 264 kAmagajendra 338, 340 kAmaghaTakathA 316 kAmacANDAlIkalpa 65, 150 kAmatAprasAda jaina 474 kAmadAsa 607 kAmadeva 194, 281, 500, 577 kAmadevacarita 96, 199 / kAmarAja 179, 180 kAmarUpa 532 kAmAMkura 127, 353 kAraMjA 456, 476 kArtikazuklapaJcamIkathA 261, 365 kArtika zuklapaJcamImAhAtmyakathA 366 kArtikeya 234, 517 kAlaka 4-6, 213, 452 kAlakakumAra 213 kAlakAcArya 203, 210, 213, 379 kAlakAcAryakathA 209 kAlazaukarI 506 kAlasaMvara vidyAdhara 145 kAlika 124, 160 kAlikAcArya 209 kAlikAcAryakathA 122 kAlidAsa 14, 18, 24, 25, 89, 188, 252, 396, 464, 477, 517, 518, 541, 545, 550, 573, 575, 580, 603, 605 kAdambarIuttarArdhaTIkA 219 kAdambarImaNDana 519, 521, 544 kAntisAgara 473 kAnyakubja 398 kAna 46

Page #635
jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa kAlIdevI 336 kirAtasamasyApUrti 78 kAlUgaNi 200 kirAtArjunIya 14, 18, 25, 78, kAlUbhaktAmara 567 475,486,500,511, kAvyakalApa 514 526, 605 kAvyakalpalatA 514 kItha 578 kAvyakalpalatAparimala 514 kIra 415 kAvyakalpalatAmaMjarI 514 kIrtikallolinI 218, 253 kAvyakalpalatAvRtti 514 kIrtikaumudI 425 kAvyaprakAza 18, 21, 104, 106, kIrticandra 212 120, 121, 491, 603 kIrtidhara 40, 42 kIrtipAla 415 kAvyaprakAzakhaNDana 219 kAvyamaNDana 520, 521 kIrtimaMjarI 586 kAvyamImAMsA 95 kItirAja 116 kAvyaratna 503. kIrtivarmA 585 kAvyazikSA 122 kIrtivijaya 465, 563 kAvyAdarza 14 kIrtivijayagaNi 391 kAvyAnuzAsana 430, 573 kIrtivimala 567 kAvyAlaMkAra 14 kIrtiSeNa 46 kAvyopadezazataka 77 kIrtiharSa 330 kAzI 89, 398, 417, 596, kuMcika 296 , 297 kAzInAtha jaina 315 kuJjara 346 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla 393 kuNika 191 kASThAGgAra 151 kuNDapura 529 kASThAsaMgha 54, 67,96, 146, 273, kuntadevI 359 332, 450 kuntaladevIkathA 359 kASThAsaMgha-mAthuragacchapaTTAvalI 459 kuntI 246, 513, 527 kASThAsaMgha-mAthurasaMgha 273 kunthu 143 kASThAsaMgha-lADabAgaDa-punATagacchapaTTAvalI kunthucarita 112 / kunthunAtha 73, 86, 110,130 132 kAsadrahagaccha 81, 200, 377 kundakunda 3, 234, 256, 565 kinlAka phArvasa 424 kundakundAnvaya 559

Page #636
manukramaNikA kuppusvAmI 537, 543 kumAravAlacariya 397 kubera 117, 127 kumAravAlapaDiboha 257 kuberadatta 141 kumAravihAra 582, 585 kuberapurANa 135 kumAravihAraprazastikAvya 522 kumAra 185, 445, 517 kumArasaMbhava 14, 25, 491, 510, kumArakavi 128 511,517,518, 543, kumAragupta 37 603, 604 kumAratAtparya 604 kumArasiMha 271, kumAradevI 405, 417, 502 kumArasena 48,604 kumAranandi sonI 74 kumudacandra 568, 569, 587, 588 kumArapAla 9, 17, 18, 74, 75, kumudAnanda 606 80, 82, 83, 87, 206, kumbhakarNa 35 223, 244, 246, 257, kummA 116 258, 342, 374, 375, kummAputta 161, 166 396, 402, 405, 409, kummAputtacariya 166 410, 415, 416, 418, kuru 410, 529 421, 423, 425, 430, kurucandra 255, 329 443, 445, 466, 522, kurucandrakathAnaka 329 582, 583, 585, 586 kuruSa 177 kumArapAlacarita 25, 223, 386, kurga 63 397, 415, 416, 551, kulacandra 423 592 kulacumbarU 468 kumArapAlacaritrasaMgraha 224 kumArapAlapratibodha 75, 80, 81, kuladhvaja 103 kuladhvajakathAnaka 330 139, 224,257, 353, 375,584, kuladhvajakumAra 321, 330 585 kuladhvajakumArarAsa 330 kumArapAlaprabandha : 25, 274, 418, kulapati 578 kulaputraka 102 kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita 224, 225, kulamaNDana 212 410, 414, 416, kulavAluka 74 418 kuvalayacandra 338, 341

Page #637
624 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kuvalayamAlakathA 342, kRpArasakoza 217, 334 kuvalayamAlakathAsaMkSepa 342, 343 kRpArasakoSa 148 kuvalayamAlA 33, 39, 42,45, 48, kRpAvijaya 78, 391 86, 156, 179, 187, kRpAvijayagaNi 219 188, 269, 283, kRpAsundarI 585, 586 286, 335, 337, kRSNa 7, 31, 34, 44, 45, 51, 344, 531, 539 / 73, 131, 140, 141, 148, kuvera-nagarI 487 183, 187, 361, 479, kuza 61 524, 529, 541, 582 kuzarAja 290 kRSNagaccha 414 kuzalapramoda 380 kRSNacarita 131 kuzalalAbha 323 kRSNajiSNu 103 kuzAgrapura 347, 348 kRSNa tRtIya 402 kuSANa 472 kRSNadAsa 103, 114 kuSThIdeva 507 kRSNadeva 510 kusumaketu 175 kRSNamizra 585 kusumazekhara 532 kRSNarSigaccha 225, 384, 592 kusumasAra 333 ke0 Ara0 candra 38 kusumAyudha 175 ke0 eca0 dhruva 38 kUrmAputra 166 ketumatI 143 kUlavAla 325 kemsa 26 kUlavAlakakathA 325 kerala 59 kRtakarmanRpatikathA 316 kevalicarita 177 kRtakamarAjarSi 333 kezariyAjI 209 kRtapuNya 257 kezarI 101 kRtapuNyakathA 316 kezava 126 kRtapuNyacarita 171, 197, 316 kezavasena 66, 114, 459, 602 kRpAcandra 223 kezI 196, 318 kRpAcandrasari 222 kaikeyI 36, 61

Page #638
625 anukramaNikA kailAza 56, 143, 460 koMkaNa 398, 410, 415 kokAsakakathAnaka 333 koTA 414 koTikagaNa 81, 100, 428 koTizilA 525 koNika 73, 74 konnara 467 kozala 529, 531 kozA 550, 551,602 kose gArTana 388 kautuka 578 kaumudI 578, 579 kaumudInATaka 578 kaumudImitrANanda 573, 577, 578 kaurava 520, 525, 529 koravezvara 596 kauzAmbI 194, 201, 292, 308, 339, 344 kauzikIputra 472 kSatracUDAmaNi 119, 150, 151, 515, 536, 538, 542, 543 kSatriyakuNDa 90 kSamAkalaza 330 kSamAkalyANa 196, 269, 283, 291, 294, 324, 367, 369, 373, 454 kSamAkalyANazAnabhaNDAra 453 kSamAviSaya 159 kSitipratiSThitapura 164, 363 cIrakadambaka 127 kSetrapAla 423, 459 kSetrasamAsavRtti 298 kSetrAdhipa 423 kSemaMkara 127 kSemaMkaragaNi 380 kSemakIrti 416 kSemarAja 230, 397, 404, 415 kSemalaka 295 kSemazAkhA 230 kSemasaubhAgyakAvya 230 kSemahaMsa 604, 605 khaMDapAnA 272 khaMbhAta 86, 103, 193, 302, 362, 405, 406, 408, 431, 433, 441, 465, 549, 551, 591 khaNDaprazasti 603, 606 khaNDelavAla 512 kharataragaccha 83, 116, 133, 172, 175, 183, 196, 200, 220, 222, 230, 244, 251, 263, 291, 294, 295, 302, 309, 320, 322, 324, 333, 345, 348, 356, 367 369, 451, 452, 454,

Page #639
626 464, 495, 549, 603, 606 kharataragaccha - gurvAvali 454 kharataragaccha paTTAvali-saMgraha 454 kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvali 164, 302, 452 kharatarazAkhA 83 kharadUSaNa 525 kharparacaurakathA 333 khurrama 463 khAMDilyavaMzI 65 khAravela 466, 468, 470 khImasaubhAgyAbhyudaya 230 khaMgAra 147, 442, 443 khecararAja 89 gauDavaha 491 gaMgadattakathAnaka 333 gaMganareza 65, 150 gaMgamaha 400 gaMgarAja 119 gaMgavaMza 558, 559 gaMgA 75 gaMgAmaha 400 gaMjAma 152 mUSikA 578 gaMdhAra 446 gaganavilAsapura 496 gajanI 415 gajapaMtha 104 gajapura 304 gajasiMha 325 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gajasiMhapurANa 325 gajasiMharAja carita 325 gajasukumAla 244 gajasukumAlakathA 298 gaNadhara 153 gaNadhara valayapUjA 52 gaNadhara sArdhazataka 452 gaNadharastava 565 gaNaratnamahodadhi 430 gaNA 281 gaNDUrAyakathA 333 gadyakathAgrantha 62 dyacintAmaNi 18, 119, 150, 152 153, 490, 531, 536, 542, 543 ganti 400 gandharva 289 gandharvaka 532, 533 gandharvadattA 142 gandhApurI 198 gayAsuddIna khilajI 199, 229, 432 gayAsuddIna tugalaka 430, 431 gotra 158 garSa 281 gardabhilla 213 gar3havAla 600 gAMgeya 195, 196 gAMgeyabhaMgaprakaraNa 196 gAMdhAra 163 gAthAkoza 33 gAthA lakSaNa 84

Page #640
627 jlsikaa gAthAsaptazatI 14, 560 gAhAlakkhaNa 357 giranAra 103, 149, 436, 442, 446, 460, 467, 470, 502, 549 girinagara 149 girinAra 259, 365, 406, 479 girinAramaNDana 501 girinAroddhAra 365 girisundara 175 girisena 267, 268 gItagovinda 24, 545, 556, 557 gItavItarAga 545 gItavItarAgaprabandha 556 gujarAta 8, 9, 52-54, 59, 72, 182, 183, 205, 223, 226, 229, 248, 299, 396, 397, 403, 405, 409, 410, 417, 421, 426, 427, 430, 431, 433, 434, 436, 441, 444, 448, 453, 462, 501, 552, 573, 574, 584-586, 589, 590, guNacandrAcArya 373 guNanandi 483 guNapAla 154, 156, 157, 34 guNapAlamuni 154 guNabhadra 9, 10, 34,41, 55, 59, 61, 62, 65, 150, 170, 168, 179, 256, 450, 480, 486, 503, 560, 598 guNabhadrasUri 294, 510, guNabhadrasUrideva 332-333 guNabhadrAcArya 68, 154, 301 guNamaMjarI 366 guNamaMjarIkathA 366 guNamerusUri 391 guNaratna 604, 605 guNaratnasUri 98, 123, 134, 212, 251, 315 guNavacanadvAtriMzikA 394, 428, 436, 437 guNavatI 184 guNavarma 188 509 guNavarmacarita 302, 363, 516 guNavarmA 302, 303 guNavijaya 218, 230 guNavijayagaNi 117, 139, 456 guNavinaya 603, 606, 607 guNazekhara 200 guNazekharagaNi 333 guNasamudrasUri 301 guDipattana 594 guNakIrti 290, 457 guNacandra 89, 130, 268 guNacandragaNi 89, 91, 238, 241 guNacandrasUri 90, 303

Page #641
guNasamRddhimahattarA 183 guNasAgara 174, 175, 323 guNasAgaracarita 323 guNasAgarasUri 301 guNasundara 254 guNasundarasUri 332, 370 guNasundarI 357 guNasundarIcatuSpadI 357 guNasundarIcarita 357 guNasena 110,267 guNasenA 174 guNasthAnakramAroha 294 guNAkarakavi 334 guNAkarasUri 313 guNAkarasena 476 guNADhya 44, 144, 269, 534, jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa - gerino 470 goDhilI 290 goDeya 152 godhanakathA 333 godharA 443 gopAcala 290 gopAla 197 gobhadra 170 gomaTezvaracaritra 364 gommaTasAra 484 gommaTasvAmI 485 gorakhayoginI 381 gorakhAdevI 167 govarddhanaSThi 89 govardhana 423 govinda 467, 478, 484 govindamaTTa 593 govindarAja 411 gozAla 90 gozAlaka 73, 74 gauDa 241, 398, 422 gauDavaha 26, 422 gautama 40, 195, 196, 525 gautamacarita 160, 195 gautamasvAmI 73 gautamIyakAvya 160, 195 gautamIyaprakAza 196 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcandra ojhA 468 grAharipu 400 gvAliyara 9, 19, 290, 414,42, 467, 469 guNAvalI 353 guNAvalIkayA 353 gupta 8, 10, 13, 37, 574 guptakAla 472, 473 guptavaMza 39, 45, 341, 396, 428 guptigupta 457 guruguNaratnAkara 216, 432 guruguNaSaTtriMzikA 294 gurjara-pratihAra 13, 214, 421, 468 gurvAvalI 46, 449, 455 gulAbacandra caudharI 471 guhalota 469 guhilota 19

Page #642
anukramaNikA ghaTakaparakAnya 606, 606 ghaTiyAla 466, 468 gharkaTakula 588 ghAghasA 19, 469 ghRtavarI devI 512 cauppaNNapurisacariya 573 cauppannamahApurisacariya 6, 35, 67, 71, 80, 86 caThahaya 320 caMdappahacariya 82 cakrasena 532 cakrAyudha 106, 108, 509 cakrezvara 304 cakrezvarasUri 182 cakrezvarI 10, 385 caDAvalipurI 304, 348 caNDakauzika 90 caNDapa 405, 502 caNDapAla 606 caNDapiMgalacorakathA 333 caNDapradyota 73, 149, 163 caNDaprasAda 405 caNDamArI 283, 285, 539, 540 caNDasiMha 446 caNDasoma 338, 339, 340 caNDIzataka 563 catuHparvakathA 372 catuHpUrvIcampU 303, 363 caturavijaya 571 caturazItidharmakathA 265 129 caturbhuja 512 caturmukha 34 caturviMzatijimastava 565 caturviMzatijinastuti 568 caturviMzatijinastotra 439 caturviMzatijanendracaritra 35 caturviMzatijinendrasaMkSiptacarita 76,514 caturvizatitIrthaMkarapurANa 63, 64 caturviMzatipurANa 64 caturviMzatiprabandha 427, 428, 502, 514, 515 caturviMzatisaMdhAna 523 caturviMzatistotraTIkA 261 caturdArAvalIcitrastava 566 catuSparvI 516 catussaMdhAnakakAvya 523 cattAriahadasathava 565 candanabAlA 160, 257, 335 candanamalayagiri 303 candanamuni 200, 315 candanaSaSThI 372 candanA 86, 195, 200 candanAkathA 53 candanAcarita 200 candappahacariya 87 candela 9, 170, 3.1, 585 candra 103, 519, 520, 552 candrakIrti 42, 95, 125, 248, 457, 458 candrakula 75, 89, 91, 124, 205,

Page #643
630 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa candramA 368, 519, 520, 536, candragaccha 17, 96, 100, 122, 127, 129, 161, 182, 193, 271, 280, 297, 353, 385, 408, 498, 508 candragaNi 569 candragiri 235 candragupta 235, 340, 364, 396, 428, 436 candragupta maurya 207 candracchAya 110 candratilaka 193 candratilakagaNi 495 candradUta 546, 552-554 candradevasari 102 candradhavala 313, 314 candradhavala-dharmadattakathA 313 candranakhA 68 candrapurI 483 candraprabha 63, 64, 79, 82, 85, 97, 128, 153, 205, 249, 290, 425, 481 483 candraprabhacarita 53, 84, 97, 104, 115, 119, 123, 126, 481,484,486, 489, 490 / candraprabhamahattara 85, 133, 371 / candraprabhasUri 85, 98, 100, 127, 182, 202 candramabhA 78 candrAgA nadI 341 candramuni 79 candrayaza 352 candrarAja 315 candrarAjacarita 315 candraruci 482 candralekhavijayaprakaraNa 573 candralekhA 364, 583, 599 candralekhAvijayaprakaraNa 582 candravaMza 36 candravarNa 132 candravijayaprabaMdha 519, 521 candrazrI 385 candrasAgara 42 candrasAdhu 432 candrasUri 50, 87, 100, 107, 280, 491 candrApIDa 533, 538 candrAvatI 348, 444 candrodayakathA 333 candrodara 101, 103 campaka 310 campakamAlA 358, 359 campakamAlAkathA 358 campakamAlAcaritra 358 campakaveSThikathA 172 campakazreSThikathAnaka 310 campaka zreSThI 310, 311 campA 110 campAnagarI 162,310 campAnera 252

Page #644
cAritrasundaragaNi 386, 416, 546, 551 anukramaNikA campApura 162, 292, 293, 460 campRjAvandhara 541 campUmaNDana 521, 544 caraNapramoda 244 caraNamuni 488 caritrakIrtigaNi 265 caritrahaMsagaNi 216 cAciga 467 cANakya 204, 234, 321, 403, cANakyarSikathA 321 cAturmAsaparvakathA 372 cAturmAsikaparvakathA 372 cAturmAsikaparvavyAkhyAna 372 cAturmAsikavyAkhyAna 372 cApotkaTa 403, 423 cAmarahArikathA 333 cAmuNDa 404 cAmuNDarAja 397 cAmuNDarAya 14, 65, 150, 187, 485 cAmuNDarAyapurANa 14, 41, 187 cAmuNDA 19, 469 cAraNa 487 cAritracandra 167 cAritrabhUSaNa 386, 416 cAritraratna 207 cAritraratnagaNi 329 cAritrarAja 97 cAritravardhana 604, 606 caritravardhanagaNi 603, 605 cAritrasundara 386 cAritropAdhyAya 319 cArukIrti 133 cArucandra 309 cArudatta 44, 127, 131, 142 cArlosa kAusa 311 cArvAka 31 cAlukya 8, 119, 186, 415, 466, 467 cAvar3A 403, 404, 323, 430 437, 444 cAvayya 188 cAhaDa 400, 401 cAhamAna 9, 411, 467 cikkanasoge 64 cittaur3a 19, 59, 417 cittaur3agar3ha 468 citrakUTa 9, 59, 61, 307 citragati 348 citralekhA 577 citravega 348 citrasena 354, 383 citrasena-padmAvatIcarita 354 citrAMgada 577, 578 citrApAlakagaccha 131, 364 cidambara 528 cintAmaNi pArzva 435 cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira 291 cirvA 19,469 cilAtiputra 250 cIna 26, 142

Page #645
632 ceTaka 73, 191, 196 cetodUta 464, 546, 552 cedi 398 cedirAja 397 celanA 73 cellanA 191, 192, 244, 507 caitragaccha 17 caitra pUrNimAkathA 372 colarAjya 486 caurapaMcAzikA 545 caulukya 9, 75, 82, 119, 186, 202, 205, 223, 226, 287, 342, 396, 397, 399, 401, 403, 406, 409, 421, 422, 425 430, 437-439, 444, 522, 573, 585, 586 cauvIsI 130 cauhAna 13, 419, 412, 591 chatrasena 236, 456 chandonuzAsana 430 chandombudhi 527 chandoratnAvalI 514 chAvar3A gotra 512 chAiDa 480 choTelAla jaina 474 jaMgaladeza 398 jaMbUsAmicariya 158 jagaccandrasUri 131, 190, 364 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jagaDU 206, 418 jagaDUcarita 227, 417 jagaDUzAha 18, 227, 228249 jagaDUzAha prabaMdha 228 jagatseTha 14 jagadAbharaNakAvya 606 jagadeva 445 jagadgurukAvya 216, 434 jagaddeva 127 jagaddeva-paramarddi 423 jagadhara 164 jagannAtha 20, 21, 131, 295,523 jaganmalla 355 jagasiMha 249 jaTAcArya 60, 187 jaTAnandi 48 jaTAyu 580 jaTAsiMhanandi 48, 183, 187, 188 jaTila 39, 187 jaDila 187 janaka 61, 580, 597 janna 188 jamAli 73, 90 jambukevalicarita 177 jambU 132, 147 155, 205 jambU-adhyayana 157 jambUkavi 297, 553 jambUcarita 67 jambUcariya 154-157, 346 jambUdvIpaprazapti 24

Page #646
anukramaNikA jambUnAga 297 jambUsvAmicarita 52, 153, 157, 158, 433 jambUsvAmI 141, 155, 156, 158 159, 195, 203, 204 258 jaya 73, 268 jayaMghara 149 jayakaTaka 119 jayakIrti 212, 234, 386, 416 jayakIrtisUri 295 jayakumAra 56, 58, 160, 178, 179, 511, 596,597 jayakumAracarita 178, 179, 180 jayakumAra-sulocanAcarita 178 jayacakrIcaritra 131 jayacandra 109, 167, 172, 423, jayantasiMha 420, 591, 592 jayantI 160, 195, 201, 202 jayantIcarita 201 jayantInagarI 496 jayantIpraznottaraprakaraNa 202 jayantIpraznottarasaMgraha 201 jayapANDu 172 jayapura 52, 98, 247, 414, 434, 441, 457, 458, 512 jayapurANa 180 jayaprabhasUri 583 jayamaMgalasUri 19, 467, 469 jayameru 167 jayarAma 573, 274 jayavarmA 557 jayavallabha 560, 561 jayavijaya 275, 316 jayavimalagaNi 311 jayazekhara 502 jayazekharasUri 128, 154, 157, 516, 518, 544 jayasAgara 55 jayasAgaragaNi 174, 175, 464 jayasAgarasUri 223 jayasiMha 98, 119, 182, 287, 288, 397, 398, 402, 405, 418, 439, 448, 522, 588 jayasiMhadeva 119, 236, 415, 429 jayasiMha siddharAja 396, 402, 410 jayasiMhasari 82, 128, 129, 154, 202,224, 225, 233, 316, jayacandrasUri 307, 417 jayacariya 200 jayataladevI 591 jayatilaka 172, 386 jayatilakasari 202, 247, 307, 351, 515, 566 jayatihuaNastotra 566 jayadatta 103 jayadeva 24, 150, 556 jayadhavalA 60 jayadhavalATIkA 450 jayanta 195,497 jayantavijaya 471, 473, 495, 497 jayantavijayakAvya 238

Page #647
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 384, 409, 411,414, jAliharagaccha 81, 82 416, 418,439, 440, jAlora 164, 342, 441, 465, 502, 573, 592 jayasundara 175 jAvar3a 199, 216, 229 jayasundarIkathA 360 jAvar3akathA 245 jayasUri 133 jAvar3acaritra 229, 418, 432 jayasena 46, 59, 60, 344, 356, jAvaDaprabandha 229, 418, 432 __476, jAvAlipattana 346 jayasoma 230, 311 jAvAlipura 164, 342 jayA 101 jitadaNDa 46 jayAnanda 55, 168, 172 jitazatru 110, 163, 422 jayAnandakevalicarita 177 jina 439 jayAnandasUri 134, 208, 211 jinaRddhisUricaritra 223 jayodayamahAkAvya 179, 511 jinakIrti 168, 172, 173, 309, jarAsaMdha 44, 73, 117, 127,525, 311, 316 530, 582 jinakuzalasUri 221, 222, 302, jalhaNa 491, 501,527 357 javAchapura 166 jinakuzalasUricarita 223 jasaharacariu 289 jinakuzalasari cahuttarI 221 jahAMgIra 10, 219, 313, 432, jinakRpAcandrasarIzvaracarita 222 434, 435, 463 jinacandra 83, 130, 221, 243, jahAnAbAda 96 458 jAjAka 65 jinacandrasUri 164, 183, 193, jAbAlapura 410 212, 222, 230, jAbAlipura 9 234, 238, 345, jAmanagara 553 353, 356, 565 jAmba 525 jAmbavanta 580 jinadatta 239, 300, 344 jAyasI 172, 307 jinadattakathAsamuccaya 300 jAlinI 268 jinadattacariu, 301 jAlihara 81 jinadattacarita 62, 299

Page #648
anukramaNikA jinadattasUri 164, 193, 345, 404, 452, 514 jinadattasUricaritra 223 jinadAsa 42, 51, 52, 139, 157, 183, 349, 373, 515 jinadAsakathA 333 jinadAsagaNi 143, 272 jinadAsa phaDakule 541 jinadeva 84, 115, 257, 282 jinadevasUri 124, 211, 427 jinadharmapratibodha 257 jinadharmasUri 172 jinapati 197, 199, 220, 221, 298, 316 jinapatisUri 164, 171, 316, 345, 453, 495 jinapati sUri paMcAzikA 220 jinapadmasUri 222, 452 jinapAla 18, 130, 192, 453 jinapAlagaNi 495 jinapUjASTakaviSayakathA 372 janaprabodha 221 jinaprabodhacatuHsaptatikA 302 193, 452, jinaprabodhayati 346 jinaprabodhasUri 326, 345 jinaprabodhasUri catuHsaptatikA 221 jinaprabha 191 jinaprabhasUri 10, 246, 249, 349, 365, 375, 426, 427, 431, 453, 454, 462, 508, 568 jinabhaktAmara 567 jinabhadra 106, 121, 206, 250, 409, 419, 420, 429, 452 jinabhadrakSamAzramaNa 71, 128, 142 jinabhadrasUri 83, 352, 464, 604 jinabhadrasUri svAdhyAyapustikA 222 jinamaNDana 226 jinamaNDanagaNi 225, 274, 418, 586 jinamANikya 167, 216, 320 jinamukhAvalokana vratakathA 372 jinayazaH sUricaritra 223 jinaratna 161 635 jinaratnakoza 111,123, 246, 254, 282, 298, 326, 380, 386, 556, 602 jinaratnasUri 164,302, 346, 445. jinarAja 464 jinarAjasUri 218, 606 jinarAjastava 565 jinalabdhisUri 221, 222 jinalabdhisUri-cahuttarI 221 jinalabdhisUri-nAgapura- stUpa- stavana 222 jinalabdhisUri stUpanamaskAra 222 jina lAbhasUri 212 jinavardhana 464 jinavardhana gaNi 83, 161, 164, 175 244 jinavallabha 86 jinavallabhasUri 92, 164, 193, 306, 345, 452,

Page #649
636 607 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 498, 568, 604, jinaharSa 367, 502, 607 jinaharSagaNi 165, 226, 307, jinavijaya 38, 155, 158, 224, 417,607 239, 417, 420, 428, jinaharSasUri 213, 356, 362, 370 450, 454, 429, 470 jinendraguNasaMstuti 568 jinavijayagaNi, 391 jinendraguNasampatti 318 jinazataka 64 jinendracaritra 93 jinazatakakAvya 297 jinendrapurANa 166 jinazatalaMkAra 566 jinendrabhUSaNa 165 jinazekhara 172 jinendrasAgara 368 jinasamudra 607 jinezvara 316, 340 jinasamudrasUri 604 jinezvarasari 24, 82, 83, 86, 87, jinasahastranAma 568 89, 100, 129, 145, jinasahasranAmaTIkA 248 164, 165, 171, 193, jinasAgara 147, 244 221, 238,239, 280, jinasAgarasUri 139 316, 326, 345, 348, jinasAgarasUri-pratiSThAsoma 154 350, 360, 452, 495, jinasiMhasUri 451, 508 498, 508, 549 jinasundara 370 jinasundarIkathA 360 jinezvarasaricatuHsaptatikA 221 jinasUri 323, 325, 358 jinodayasUri 332 jinasena 6, 9, 17, 21, 23, 34, jItavijayaNi 117 42, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, jImUtavAhana 249, 575 54, 57, 59, 60-62, 65, jIrAvAlA 446 68, 73, 76, 95, 117, jIvadeva 85, 206 131, 148, 150, 179, jIvadevasUri 514 180, 187, 235, 256, jIvandhara 60, 61, 132, 150450, 511, 543, 546, 152, 536, 538,542 548, 554, 568, 578, jIvandharacampU 151, 153, 541 596, 597 jIvandharacarita 53, 150, 151 jinastuti 261 jinahaMsa 183 jIvarAja 372, 458 jinahaMsasUri 329, 454, 605 jIvarAjagaNi 295

Page #650
anukramaNikA 137 jIvasamAsavRtti 448 jJAnakIrti 283, 286, 291, 458, jugalakizora mukhtAra 318, 594 528 jUnAgar3ha 220 jJAnacandrodayanATaka 601 je. epha. palITa 469 jJAnatilaka 64, 465 jaitugideva 66, 462 jJAnadapaNa 585 jaitracandra 599, 600 jJAnadAsa 283, 290 jaitrasAgara 411 jJAnapaMcamIkathA 262, 365-367 jaitrasiMha 405, 408, 411, 419 jJAnapramoda 606 jainakumArasaMbhava 128, 516 jJAnabhUSaNa 53, 96, 125, 190, jaina granthAvalI 139, 317 480 jainadharmavarastotra 555, 567 jJAnameru 212 jaina dhAtupratimAlekha 473 jJAnalocanastotra 568 jaina pustakaprazastisaMgraha 441 jJAnavimala 218 jaina pratimAyaMtrasaMgraha 474 jJAnavimalasUri 294 jaina pratimAlekhasaMgraha 138 jJAnasAgara 103, 110, 305, 462, jainamahAbhArata 44, 52 563, 607 jainameghadUta 546, 549, 550 jainameghadUta saTIka 312 jJAnasAgaragaNi 174 jJAnasAgarasUri 524 jainarAmAyaNa 73, 580 jJAnasUryodaya 180,573 jaina lekhasaMgraha 470, 473 jJAnasUryodayanATaka 53, 601 jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha 470, 471, 474 jJAnArNava 560 jainastotrasaMgraha 571 jyotiHsAra 251, 439 jainastotrasandoha 571 jyotiprasAda jaina 51, 64 jainastotrasamuccaya 571 jyotiSa 281 jaisalamera 87, 130, 157, 171, jyotiSprabhA 598 291, 317, 326, 441, jyotiSprabhAnATaka 598 470, 473, 474, 592 jyotisphuliMga 200 jodhapura 67, 196, 209, 464, jvAlAmAlinI 10 465, 468,480, 553 jvAlinIkalpa 65, 150 joharApurakara 51 jhaMjhaNaprabaMdha 228 zAtAdhamakathA 34 sAMjhaNa 228, 418, 520

Page #651
638 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa TilayArDa 26 177, 178, 199, 207ToDara 158 209, 215, 219, 226, ThAiA 446 228, 230, 244. 252, ThAkuradeva 282 261, 263, 264, 274, DaMDila padaniveza 304 . 275, 277, 283, 293, DablyU0pI0 kera 26 294, 299, 305. 307, DAmaranAgara 430 309-311, 314, 317, DUMgara 446, 447 319,321, 323, 324, DUMgarapura 51, 200 325, 327, 330, 353, DelA upAzraya bhaNDAra 317 358, 362, 364. 366, DhaNDhaNakumArAdikathA 265 368, 370, 380, 383, DhIpurI 426 386, 391, 432, 433, DhuNDuka 422 451, 455, 456, 464, garavikkamacariya 303 530,605-607 NAga 341 tapAgaccha-paTTAvalI 132, 159, 167, NIIdhammasuttIo 200 NemiNAhacariu 83, 87 tapAgaccha-paTTAvalIsUtra 455 taMjaura 594 tapAgacchazAkhA-paTTAvalI 456 taMtrAkhyAyika 388 tapAgaccha-saMvignazAkhA 176 tattvakaumudI 356 tapAgaNayatiguNapaddhati 456 tattvatrayaprakAzikA 248 tamiladeza 152, 441 tattvabindu 84 tamilanADu 152 tattvavikAzinI TIkA 385 taraMgalolA 335 tattvAcArya 341 taraMgavaIkahA 334 tatvAditya 7. taraMgavatI 33, 85, 128, 335, 336 tatvArthavRtti 248, 290 taraMgavatIkathA 214, 334, 336 tattvArthavRttipadavivaraNa 237 taruNaprabha 221 tattvArthasAradIpaka 52 taruNaprabhasari 222 tattvArthasUtra 490 tAmilinI nagarI 304 tapAgaccha 42, 54,66, 117,125, tAraura 461 131, 140, 145, 147, tArA 551 148,157, 167, 172, tArApIDa 533

Page #652
anukramaNikA tArApura 461 titthamAlathavaNa 462 titthayarasuddhi 565 tilakaprabha 107 tilakaprabhasUri 563 tilakamaMjarI 14, 18, 128, 136, 531-533, 535, 536 tilakamaMjarIkathAsAra 536 tilakamaMjarIvRtti 217 tilakamaMjarIsAra 536 tilakamaMjarIsAroddhAra 115 tilakamatI 369 tilakavijayagaNi 356 tilakasundarI 304 tilakasundarI-ratnacUr3akathAnaka 304 tilakasUri 428 tilakAcArya 117 tilottamA 310 tiloyapaNNatti 44, 450 tIrthamAlA 459, 462 tIrthamAlAprakaraNa 462 tIrthamAlAstava 565 tIrthamAlAstavana 462 tIrthAvalI 462 tuMgIgiri 461 tugalaka vaMza 430, 431 tugalakAbAda 427 turuSka 75, 591 tulasIgaNi 200 tejapAla 226, 404, 407, 409, 417, 423, 430, 437 439, 446, 591, 592 tejasAra 323 tejasAranRpakathA 323 tejasA rarAsa 323 tejasiMha 560 terahapaMthI 53 terApanthI 200, 315 terApura 165 tailaMgAnA 431 tomara 414 tomaravaMza 290 toramANa 341 torarAya 341 tosila 127 tridazataraMgiNI 455, 464 tripuruSadeva 584 tripRSTha 90, 143, 485 tripRSThanArAyaNa 598 tribhuvanakIrti 372, 459 tribhuvanapAla 415 tribhuvanarati 149 tribhuvanasiMhacarita 327 trilakSaNakadarthana 318 trilokaprajJapti 34 trivarNAcAra 598 trivikrama 341 trivikrama bhaTTa 538 trizalA 90 triSaSTipuruSacaritra 459 triSaSTimahApurANa 65 triSaSTizalAkA paMcAzikA 79 639

Page #653
640 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa triSaSTizalAkApurANa 65 dayAvimala 368 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 6, 17, 35, dayAsundarakAvya 289,290 41, 49, 72, da0 rA0 bendre 538 78,79, 93, dardurAGkadeva 73, 74 125, 128, 131, darpaphaliha 340 138, 171, 187, daraidAniyAla 434 202, 203, 491, darzanabhadra 132 darzanavijaya 350, 560 triSaSTizalAkApuruSamahAcarita 70 darzanazuddha 85, 128 triSaSTizalAkApuruSavicAra 79 darzanasAra 449 triSaSTismRti 35,128 davayaMtIkathA 139 triSaSTismRtizAstra 65, 66 davayaMtIcarita 139 trailokyadIpikA 287 davayaMtIcariya 139 tharAda 585 davayantIprabandha 139 thAnezvara 13 dazakumAracarita 23, 191, 531, thArApadra 585 537, 579 therAvalIcariya 203 dazadRSTAntakathA 265 daNDI 14, 25, 525, 531, 537, dazadRSTAntacaritra 265 dazaparvakathA 372 dattagaccha 196 dazapura 37 dadhivAhana 162 dazaratha 36, 61, 525, 526,580 damaghoSamuni 297 dazarathajAtaka 41, 61 damayantI 117, 127, 135, 136, dazarathanagarI 325 160, 576, 582 dazarathamuni 59 damayantIcampU 606 dazaratha zarmA 414 dayAkaramuni 508 dazavaikAlikacUrNi 334, 390 dayApAla 119 dazazrAddhacarita 199, 216 dayAvardhana 168, 248 dazabhAvakacaritra 265 dayAvadhanagaNi 307 dazArNa 398 dayAvadhanasari 172 dazArNabhadra 73, 194, 257, 589 579

Page #654
anukramaNikA dazArNabhadracarita 194 dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi 209 dugga 341 dubakuNDa 467 duriyarAyasamIrastotra 92 durgandhA 73 durgaprada prabodhaTIkA 221 durgavipra 127 durgavRttidvayAzraya 505 dAnacandra 367 dAnaprakAza 261 durgasiMha 505, 527 dAna pradIpa 299, 323, 329, 359 durgasvAmI 281 dAnavijaya 264 dAnasAra 64 dasaveyAlaya 245 dAkSiNyacihnasUri 86 dAna kalpadruma 172, 173, 311 dAnacatuSTayakathA 265 dAmanandi 63, 64, 149 dAmannaka 127, 257, 264 dAminI 378, 379, 381 dAmodara 84, 98, 115, 484 digvijayakAvya 219, 435 digvijayamahAkAvya 78 dillI 13, 116, 229, 252, 411, 412, 417, 427, 428, 431, 453, 456, 457, 458,510, 590 divAkara yati 41, divyamuni kezavanandi 256 dIpaguDi 594, dIpamAlikAkathA 370, 372 dIpamAlikAkalpa 122 dIpasena 46 dIpAlikAkalpa 262 dIpAvalIkalpa 122 dIpikAkA 605 dIpotsavakathA 372 41 durghaTakAvya 606 durjanapura 473 durmati 127 durmukha 160 duryodhana 145, 513 durlabharAja 397, 423, 444 duSyanta 89 duSSamA saMghastotra yaMtraka 455 dUtAGgada 589 dRr3haprahAri 195 dRr3haprahArikathA 333 dRr3hamitrakathA 127 dRr3haratha 163 dRr3havarmA 338, 340 dRSTAnta rahasyakathA 333 dRSTAntazataka 560 dRSTivAda 4 dehattara 281 deva 60 devakallola 211 devakI 97, 143, 197, 246, 298 641

Page #655
642 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa devakIrti 198 devabhadra, 84, 91, 131, 385 devakumAra 327, 377 devabhadramuni 364 devakumAracarita 327 devabhadrasUri 90, 128, 129, devakumAra-pretakumArakathA 333 238, 241 devakulapATakapura 516 devabhadrAcArya 89, 100, 329 devakuzala 362 devamati 263 devagiri 125, 418, 431 devamUrti 200, 376, 377, 379, devagupta 34, 39, 172, 341 380 devaguptasUri 83 devara 528 devacandra 200, 275, 342, devaratha 175 354, 573, 582, 583 devaravallabha 594 devacandrasUri 97, 109, 129, 140, devarAja 382, 558, 559, 599 210, 349, 350, 377 devarAjaprabaMdha 383 devacandrAcArya 86 devarAja-vatsarAjaprabaMdha 383 devadatta 103 devarAya mahArAya 559 devadattakumAra 327 devardhikathA 317 devadattakumArakathA 327 devardhigaNi 10, 317 devadattagaNi 328 devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa 449 devadatta dIkSita, 364 devardhigaNikSamAzramaNacarita 317 devadatta bhAMDArakara 443 devarSi 535 devadattA 311 devavijaya 42, 275 devanandA 73 devavijayagaNi 54, 139 devanandi 48, 60 devavimala 217, 434 devanandi pUjyapAda 567 devasaMgha 540 devapaTTana 465 devasiMha 174 devapattana 552 devasundara sUri 380, 455, 464 devapAla 103, 115, 250 devasUri 81, 82, 92, 107, 109, devapAla padmottara 257 120, 280, 283, 421, devaprabhasUri 50, 52, 54, 89, 423, 510, 583, 587 96, 139, 251, 363, devasena 180, 207, 273, 275, 439, 607

Page #656
643 anukramaNikA devAgamastotra 566 . devAcArya 206, 321 devAnanda mahAkAvya 78, 219, 435 devAnandasUri 50 devAnandAbhyudaya 555 deviMda 92 devIcandragupta 473, 574 devendra 92, 97 devendrakIrti 248.373, 357, 458 devendragaNi 81, 84,92, 242, 243, 304, 308 devendrasUri 91, 129, 131, 190, 210, 280, 305, 323, 326, 330, 342, 364, 565 dezInAmamAlA 70 dezIyagaNa 483, 559 dehar3a 121 doghaTTI TIkA 324 daulatAbAda 125, 431 dyUtakArakunda 127 daMgabandara 117 dravir3asaMgha 118,287 droNa 513 draupadI 117, 127, 131, 160, 183, 246, 513, 544 draupadIcarita 183 draupadIsaMharaNa 183 draupadIsvayaMvara 584 draupadIharaNAkhyAna 183 dvAtriMzikA 566 dvAdazakathA 265 dvAdazaparvakathA 372 dvAdazabhAvanAkathA 265 dvAdazavratakathA 265 dvAdazAnuprekSA 52 dvAdazAranayacakra 214 dvArakA 148, 530 dvAravatI 478, 499 dvArAvatI 525 dvArikA 43,44, 117,131, 145, 478, 548 dvAviMzatiparISahakathA 265 dvimukha 162, 164 dvisaMdhAna 525 dvisaMdhAnakAvya 522 dvisaMdhAnamahAkAvya 524 dvisaptatikAprabaMdha 429 dvaipAyanamuni 530 dvayarthakarNapArzvastava 524 dvayAzraya 72 dvathAzrayakAvya 18, 25, 26, 425 dvathAzrayamahAkAvya 224, 396 dhaMdhukanagara 82 dhaMdhukA 443 dhana 268, 285 dhanaMjaya 25,287, 308,484,522, 525-528,568 dhanacandra 169, 373 dhanada 240, 332, 508 dhanadakathAnaka 332 dhanadacarita 332

Page #657
644 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dhanadatta 97, 255, 303, 321, 348, dhanyakathA 168 509 dhanyakumAra 168, 169, 170, 173, dhanadattakathA 321, 322, 332 194, 332 dhanadarAja 560, 607 dhanyakumAracarita 51,64,168,170, ghanadarAsa 332 172, 173, 301 dhanadazatakatraya 560 dhanyacaritra 168, 173 dhanadeva 83, 321, 586, 588 dhanyanidarzana 168, 172 dhanadeva-ghanadattakathA 321 dhanyaratnakathA 168 dhanadhamakathA 321 dhanyavilAsa 168, 173 dhanapati 261 dhanyazAlicarita 168, 172, 173, dhanapatikathA 333 dhanapAla 14, 18, 128,129, 335, dhanyazAlibhadra 332 363, 364, 366, 367, dhanyazAlibhadrakAvya 171 423, 531, 535, 536, dhanyazAlibhadracarita 168,172,197, 311 205 dhanaprabhasUri 227 dhanamitrAdikathA 265 dhanaratnagaNi 390 dhanavAhana 279 dhanavijaya 218 dhanavijayagaNi 244 dhanazrI 131, 268, 364 dhanasArasUri 607 dhanAvahaseTha 496 dhanezasUri 100 dhanezvarasUri 102, 215, 238, 309, 348, 360-362, 460 dhannA 73 dhannAkAkadIkathA 333 dhannAzAlibhadrarAsa 159 dhanya 257 dhammakkhANayakosa 253 dhammarasAyanaprakaraNa 559 dhammilla 141 dhammilacarita 518 dhammillahiNDI 141 dharaNa 268 dharaNendra 56, 306 dharasena 46 dharAdeva 408 dharAvAsa nagara 213 dharma 101 dharmakathA 263 dharmakathAratnAkaroddhAra 253 dharmakalpadruma 260 dharmakIrti 42, 55, 95, 323, 604 dharmakuJjara 585

Page #658
manukramaNikA .615 dharmakumAra 168, 171, 205, 563 dharmamaMjUSA 78 dharmaghoSa 197, 268, 305, 462 dharmamandiragaNi 372 dharmaghoSagaccha 17, 354, 383 dharmamitrakathA 333 dharmaghoSasUri 81, 98, 100, 127, dharmameru 604 182, 202, 211, 362, dharmaratnakaraNDavRtti 80, 350 dharmaratnaTIkA 190 dharmacandra 98, 195, 248, 352, dharmarAjakathA 333 373, 457, 561 dharmaruci 606 dharmacandragaNi 110, 290, 322 dharmavardhana 190 dharmadatta 313, 314 dharmavardhanagaNi 567 dharmadattakathA 516 dharmavijaya 196 dharmadattakathAnaka 303, 313, 363 / / dharmavijayagaNi 298, 605 dharmadAsagaNi 139,141, 143, 233, dharmavidhivRtti 122 324, 559 dharmavilAsa 322 dharmadeva 166, 261, 323 dharmazarmAbhyudaya 14, 18, 104, 481, dharmadevagaNi 352 484, 486, 543 dharmaghara 148 dharmazekhara 519 dharmadhIra 148, 294 dharmazekharasUri 606 dharmanandana 303, 339 dharmasiMha 190, 411, 412, 567 dharmanAtha 73, 85, 104, 339, 486 dharmasiMhasUri 169, 973, 567 dharmanAthacarita 104 dharmasAgara 209, 274, 283, 320, dharmaparIkSA 217, 226, 272, 373, dharmasAgaragaNi 42, 217, 455 317, 342, 562 dharmaparIkSAkathA 272, 275 dharmasAra 560 dharmasundara 296 dharmapAla 421, 422 dharmapAlakathA 323 dharmasUri 497 dharmapitAseTha 577 dharmasena 46, 184 dharmaprabhasUri 211 dharmastava 148 dharmavindu 560 dharmahaMsagaNi 140 dharmabhUSaNa 189, 190 dharmAkhyAnakoza 265 488

Page #659
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dharmAbhyudaya 18, 25, 50, 154, dhUrtacaritrakathA 334 226, 258. 408, 438, dhUrtAkhyAna 271-273 589, 590, 593 dhRSTakathA 334 dharmAmRta 505 gholakA 182, 443, 501 dharmopadezakathA 265 dhvajabhujaMga 261 dharmopadezakulaka 92 dhvajabhujaMgamakathA 334 dharmopadezaprakaraNa 309 dhvanyAloka 491 dharmopadezamAlA 154 naMdyAvatapura 37 dharmopadezamAlAprakaraNa 234 nagarakoTa 495 dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa 234, 316 naggaI 160 dharmopadezazataka 77, 80, naggati 162-164 nathamala 315 dhavala 73, 76, 123, 180, 187, nadI 572 202, 443, 443, 466 nanti 4.. dhavalakavi 179 nanda 204, 246 dhavalakka 182 nandadattakathA 334 dhavalakkaka 406,407 nandana 485 dhavalasArtha 261 nandayatikathA 332 dhavalA TIkA 59, 450, 527 nandarAja 423 dhavyasundarIkathA 334, 360 nandarAjakumAra 332 ghAkara 447 nandarAjyavaMza 317 dhAtupArAyaNa 550 nandalAla 562 dhAravAda 65, 538 nandA 191, 507 nanditATya 84, 357 dhArA 429, 526, 535 nandiranagaNi 228 dhArAdevI 513 nandila 206 dhArAnagara 9, 236 nandivardhana 37, 90, 278, 485 dhArAnagarI 42, 65, 238, 461 nandivijaya 435 dhAriNI 192 nandiSeNa 46, 73, 127, 191,565 dhAhila 357 nandiSeNakathA 334 dhIraviSayagaNi 373 nandisaMgha 118, 287, 450, 459, dhuraMdharavijaya 553 486

Page #660
anukramaNikA 647 naranArAyaNAnanda 14, 18, 25 nandisaMgha-virudAvalI 458 nandisUtra 5, 160, 449, 472 nandItaTagaccha 54 nandIzvarakathA 53, 372 nandopAkhyAna 332 nannarAjavasati 47 nannasUri 565, 573 namaskArakathA 371 namaskAraphaladRSTAnta 371 namaskArastava 172, 311 nami 56, 160, 162-164, 352 na manAtha 87, 115 namukkAraphalapagaraNa 565 nayakarNikA 465 nayacandra 415, 573, 599 nayacandrasUri 18, 22, 225, 413, 414, 567, 591, narabada 446 narabrahmacaritra 334 naravarma 301 naravarmakathA 301 naravarmacarita 326 naravarmamahArAjacaritra 301 naravAhanadatta 144, 347 naravikrama 90, 303 narasaMvAdasundara 331 narasiMha 117, 303, 384 narasiMhasUri 112, 122 narasiMhasena 605 narasundaranRpakathA 331 narasena 296 narendrakIrti 299, 320, 458, 523 narendradeva 357 narendraprabha 112, 560 narendraprabhasUri 122,409, 439, nayanandi 190 nayanandisUri 298 nayanAvalI 269, 285 nayaraMga 200, 333 nayavijaya 355 nayavimala 294 nayasundara 349, 456 nayasena 119, 188 naracandra 251 naracandrasUri 50, 251, 439, 440, 607 naradevakathA 334 naranArAyaNa 499 narendrasena 150 narmadA 263, 487 narmadAsundarI 264, 349 narmadAsundarIkathA 349 nala 7, 117, 127, 132, 135, 136, 240, 257, 576, 582 nalakacchapura 65, 66 nalakUbara 49 nalacampU 341, 491, 538,

Page #661
648 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nalacarita 138, 139 naladamayantIcampU 544, 603 nalavilAsa 138,573, 574, nalAyana 135 nalAyanamahAkAvya 289 nalinasahacara 536 nalinIgulma 99 nalodaya 606 nalopAkhyAna 139 navakhaNDapAzvastava 524 navagrahagarbhitapAzvastavana 524 navatattvaprakaraNa 83 navanandacarita 317 navapadaprakaraNa 83 navasahasAMkacarita 26 navAnagara 159 navInanagara 153 navyavyAkaraNa 125 nasIruddIna 417 nAilakula 38, 346, 347 nAilagaccha 156 nAu zrAvikA 202 nAgakumAra 132, 148, 149 nAgakumArakAvya 35, 149 nAgakumAracarita 64, 148 nAgaketukathA 334 nAgadatta 255, 319, 492 nAgadatta kathA 319 nAgadattacariya 319 nAgadeva 260, 282 nAgadeza 149 nAganandi 486 nAgapura 9, 293, 353, 362, 474, 480 nAgapurIyazAkhA 293, 294 nAgabhaTTa 422 nAgabhaTTa dvitIya 421 nAgara 447 nAgavarmA 527 nAgazrIkathA 334, 360 nAgahasti 46 nAgAnanda 581 nAgAnandanATaka 491, 575 nAgArjuna 426-428 nAgArjunIkoNDA 46 nAgAvaloka 422 nAgila 87, 101, 443 nAgendrakula171 nAgendragaccha 17, 84, 97, 102, 115, 259, 425, 437, 440 nAgaura 66, 84, 477, 480 nAgaurI 125 nAgaurIgaccha 157 nATyadarpaNa 573-575, 577, 580-582 nATyazAstra 44, 574 nADolalAkhana 429 nANapaJcamIkahA 366 nAthUrAma premI 60,549

Page #662
anukramaNikA .649 nAnajI 290 nAnAkapaNDita 502 nAnUgodhA 291 nAmAka 312 nAbhAkanRpakathA 312 nAbhinandanoddhAraprabaMdha 229, 362, 431 nAbhirAya 58, 517 nAbheyanemidvisaMdhAna 522 nAmamAlA 526, 528 nAyakumAracariu 148 nAyAdhammakahA 245, 269 nAracandrajyotiHsAra 439 nArada 127, 142, 145, nirvANakANDa 460 nirvANakANDastotra 566 nirvANabhakti 460 nirvANalIlAvatI 24 nirvANalIlAvatIkathA 238, 343 nirvANalIlAvatIkAvya 345 nivRttikula 281 nivRttivaMza 133 nivvANalIlAvaI 345 nizItha 243 nizIthacUrNi 143, 209, 272, 335, 448 nizIthavRtti 325 niSadha 135 nisurattakhAna 412 nItivAkyAmRta 391, 540, 541, 562 nItizataka 24, 560 nIlajalasA 142 nIlI 400 nUrajahAM 435 nRpazekhara 103 nemaprabha 306 nemi 77, 79, 131, 197, 478, 479, 524, 525, 529,567 nemikumAra 95, 430, 549, 550 nemicandra 85, 104, 119, 150, 175, 236, 300, 333, 372, 484, 526, 528, 572 nArAyaNa 525 nAlachA65 nAlandA 10 nAsikya 104 nAhaDarAya 429 niHduHkhasaptamI 372 nidhideva-bhogadevakathAnaka 334 ninnaya 444 nimirAja 333 nimirAjakAvya 333 nimbakamuni 127 nirdoSasaptamI 372 nirnaya 445 nirbhayabhImavyAyoga 581 nirbhAgya 103

Page #663
650 nemicandragaNi 336 nemicandrasari 85, 92, 121, 242, 243, 304, 308 nemicaritakAvya 115 nemicaritra 115 nemicaritrastava 565 nemidatta 43, 117, 165, 168, 173, 198, 199, 237, 283, 295, 299, 320, 373 nemidUta 546, 548, 549, 554 nemideva 540 nemidvisaMdhAna 115 neminAtha 43, 44, 49, 51, 63, 73, 77,87,115,117, 127, 131, 139, 160, 176, 183, 184, 244, 258, 438, 477, 479, 522, 546, 548-50, 589 neminAthacaupaI 122 neminAthacarita 115, 116, 139, 258, 522, 590 neminAthapurANa 43 neminAthamaMdira 66 neminAthamahAkAvya 116 neminAthastotra 501 neminAhacariu 130, 443 neminAhacariya 83, 87 neminirvANa 484, 486, 489, 491 neminirvANakAvya 115, 117, 490 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa neminirvANamahAkAvya 477 nemipurANa 117 nemi-bhaktAmara 567 nemivijaya 353 nemiSeNa 273 nemisena 170 naigama 169 naiSadha 543, 603 naiSadhakAvya 555 naiSadhacarita 511 naiSadhamahAkAvya 217 naiSadhamahAkAvyavRtti 148 naiSadhIya 18 naiSadhIyacarita 14,110,135, 491, 606 nodhakanagara 53 nomaka 490 nyAyakandalI 439 nyApakandalIpaMjikA 251, 254, 429 nyAyakumudacandra 237 nyAyadIpikA 189 nyAyaratna 262 nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa 287 nyAyasAra-TIkA 225 paMgu 599 paMgula 599 paMcakalpabhASya 4, 5, 6, 209 paMca kalpabhASyacarNi 206 paMcajinastava 172, 311 paMcataMtra 19,240, 246,250, 252, 282, 316, 367, 3.8,

Page #664
anukramaNikA paMcatIrthI 200 paMcatIrthIstuti 524 paMcadaNDakathA 379 paMcadaNDachatrakathA 379 paMcadaNDa chatra prabandha 19 paMcadaNDapurANa 379 paMcadaNDaprabaMdha 379 paMcadaNDAtmaka vikramacaritra 378 paMcanada 410 paMcanATaka 138 paMcaparameSThI pUjA 52 paMcamIstuti 261 paMcaliGgIprakaraNa 238 paMcavargasaMgrahanAmamAlA 245 paMcavAstuka 448 paMcazatIprabaMdha 245 paMcazatIprabodhaprabaMdha 207, 245 paMcasaMgraha 273, 342 paMca saMghAna mahAkAvya 522 paMcastUpAnvaya 59 paMcAkhyAna 78, 388, 390 paMcAkhyAnaka 389 paMcAkhyAnakakathAsAra 370 paMcAkhyAna caupaI 391 paMcAkhyAnavArtika 391 paMcAkhyAnasAroddhAra 390 paMcAkhyAnoddhAra 391 paMcANuvratakathA 265 paMcAdhyAyI 158 paMjAba 453 paMjikA 541, 605 painnaya 245 paumacariu 26 34, 40, 595 paumacariya 6, 34, 35, 40, 41, 61, 68, 70, 142,183, 597 paumapabhacariya 81, 120 paumasiricariu 357 paJcamIkathA 365 paTanA 474 paTTAvalI 217, 309, 449, 455 paTTAvalIparAga 266 paTTAvalIsAroddhAra 456 paTumati 486 paTodI 98 paDocandra 289 paNi 572 paNDitAcArya 98, 559 pattana 139 pattananagara 127 pathikapaJcadazaka 200 padakaumudI 526, 528 651. padma 35, 40, 94 padmakumAra 320 padmacandra 271, 319, 588 padmacandrasUri 289 padmacarita 14, 39, 40, 44, 48, 61, 73, 180, 183 padmanandanasUri 209 padmanandi 126, 248, 275, 283, 457, 458, 528, 559, 569, 606

Page #665
152 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa padmanAtha 42, 96,290, 482, padmanAbhakavi 334 padmanAbha kAyastha 283 padmanAbhacarita 53 padmanAbhapurANa 96 padmapurANa 26, 40, 42, 48, 256, 595, 597 padmapurANa-paMjikA 42 padmaprabha 81, 110, 112, padmaprabhacaritra 96, 385 padmaprabhasUri 112 padmamaMtrI 93, 514 padmamandiragaNi 251, 452 padmamahAkAvya 42 padmamUrti 222 padmameru 66, 125 padmaratha 163, 352 padmalocanA 103 padmalocanakathA 334 padmavijaya 178, 196, 327 padmasAgaragaNi 217 padmavijayagaNi 176 padmazrI 357 padmazrIkathA 357 padmasAgara 42, 209, 217, 283, padmA 89 padmAka 164 padmAkara 255, 261 padmAkarakathA 329, 334 padmAditya 408 padmAnanda 77, 560 padmAnanda-mahAkAvya 93, 514 padmAvata 165, 172, 307 padmAvatI 10, 103, 143, 162, 306, 612, 313, 354, 386, 503 padmAvatIcaritra 354 padminIcarita 360 padmendu 499 padmottara 175 panasoge 64 pabhosA 468, pampa 9, 188, 538 paradezIcarita 318 parabata 446, 447 paramardi 301 paramardideva 170 paramahaMsasaMbodhacarita 333 paramAtmarAjastotra 52 paramAnanda 255 paramAnanda zAstrI 38 paramAnandasUri 304, 343 paramAra 9, 13, 42, 63,66, 102, 115, 146, 236, 342, 401, 402, 418, 425, 444, 461, 476, 535 / 434 padmasAgaragaNi 264, 274 / padmasundara 66, 67, 125, 155, 157, 366, 432, 601 padmasundara nAgaurI 155 padmasena 45, 102, 103, 355

Page #666
anukramaNikA parameSThistava 565 paravAdigharaTTa 528 parAzara 541 pariziSTaparva 70, 76, 154, 203, 205, 321 parpaTa 476 parvakathA 373 parvakathAsaMgraha 373 parvata 142 parvatithivicAra 307 parvaratnAvalI 175, 464 parvavicAra 307 palyavidhAnavratopAkhyAnakathA 373 palakkI guNDu 188 pallivAlagacchIya paTTAvalI 456 pallIkoTa 410 pallI gaccha 351 pallIvAla 115, 447, 536 pavanaJjaya 595 pavanadUta 53, 125, 180, 546, 551 pavanavega 274 pahupAla 292 pAMgula 368 pAMcAla 162 pATana 52, 74, 83, 124, 129, 253, 299, 429, 431, 441, 442, 443, 444, 446, 463, 469, 491, 492, 515, 522, 589 pATanagara 229 pATana - sUcIpatra 329 pATaliputra 204, 311 pATodI 247 pAMDicchayagaccha 300 pANini 420, 572 pANDava 7, 513, 520, 525, 529, 530, 544 pANDavacarita 49, 52, 54, 55, 139 pANDavapurANa 52, 53, 54, 55, 119, 153, 166, 180, 457, 551 pANDudeza 431 pANDurAja 525 pANDya 594 pAtaMjala 572 653 pAtrakezarI 60, 235, 318, 567 pAtra kezarIkathA 318 pAtra kezarIstotra 318, 568 pAdapUjya 461 pAdalita 33, 85, 160, 205, 206, 214, 336, 419 pAdaliptasUri 182, 114, 335 pAdaliptasUrikathA 214 pApar3IvAla 458 pApabuddhi dharmabuddhikathA 316 pAra- pradeza 417 pArzva 53, 77, 125, 160, 524, 529 pArzvakIrti 275

Page #667
589 654 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pAvacandra 109, 367, 583 pArzvabhyudaya 60, 117, 545, pAvacandragaccha-paTTAvalI 456 546, 548, 554, pArzvacaritra 95 pArzvajina 582 pAvApura 460 pArzvajinAlayaprazasti 464 pAla 13 pArzvanAtha 47, 63, 64, 73, 77, pAla-gopAlakathA 315 79, 88, 89, 91, 117 pAlar3IgrAma 263 118, 120, 122-125, pAlanapura 164, 175, 197 138, 160, 171, 196, pAlanareza 422 351, 361, 368, 393, pAlittasUri 128 404, 444, 516, 546, pAlItAnA 223, 446 547, 564, 566, 569, pAsanAhacariya 88, 89, 238, 241 pArzvanAthakAvya 67, 125, 432 piTarsana 441, 466 pAzvanAthacarita 81, 98,106, 107, piNDanijjutti 572 112, 114, 117, pinhero 433 118, 120, 287, pippalaka 83 288, 484, 527 pippalakagaccha 322, 351 pArzvanAthacaritrasambaddhadazadRSTAntakathA pippalakazAkhA 356 265 pippalAda 127, 142 pArzvanAtha-jinamaMdira 303 pihitAsava 149 pArzvanAthajinezvaracarita 118 pIThadeva 417 pArzvanAthapurANa 52 pIthA 139 pAvapurANa 53, 125, 180, 290, puMjarAja 423 551 puNDarIka 73, 181 pArzvanAthamaMdira 96 puNDarIkacarita 160, 181 pArzvanAthamahAkAvya 218, 252 puNDarIkastava 565 pArzvanAthasamasyAstotra 567 puNyakuzala 129 pArzvanAthastaMbhalekha 301 puNyaketu 585 pArzvanAthastotra 555, 567 puNyatilaka 302 pAstava 112, 524 puNyadhanacarita 326

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655 anukramaNikA puNyadhananRpakathA 245 puNyanandanagaNi 265 puNyapAla 357 puNyapAlarAjakathA 357 puNyaprakAza 230 TNyapradIpa 214 puNyaratnasUri 175 puNyavatIkathA 360 puNyazIlamuni 606 puNyasAgara 329, 370 puNyasAgaragaNi 183 puNyasAra 326 puNyasArakathA 221, 245, 326 puNyasArakathAnaka 302 puNyaharSa 604 puNyADhya 101 puNyADhyanRpakathA 334 puNyAzravakathAkoSa 165, 198,255 punnaDakathA 334 punnATa 46, 47 punnATasaMgha 46, 47, 235 purandara 326, 344 purandaradatta 339 purandaranRpakathA 326 purandaranRpacaritra 325 purandaravidhikathopAkhyAna 326 purANa 563 purANasAra 6, 64, purANasArasaMgraha 34, 52, 63, purAtanaprabandha 206 purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha 246, 418,420, 429, 502, 599 purudeva 543 purudevacampU 504, 543 purudevapaMcakalyANakathA 265 pururavA 485, 572 puruSacarita 593 purtagAlI 433 pulakezi 466,467 pulinda 186 puSkaragaNa 96 puSpacUlA 319 puSpadanta 9, 41, 62,79, 84, 98, 148,287, 563,606 puSpadantacariya 84 puSpabhUti 13 puSpavatIkathA 360 puSpasAra 127 puSpasuMdarI 175 puSpasena 119, 153 puSpAMjalivratakathA 52 puSpAMjalIkathA 373 pustakagaccha 559 puhavIcaMdacariya 174, 175 pUjyapAda 275, 461 pUnA 249,446 pUraNacandra nAhara 470,473 pUrNakalaza 103 pUrNakalazagaNi 565 pUrNacandra 175, 606 pUrNacandrasUri 378 pUrNatallagaccha 17, 86 pUrNa deva 283

Page #669
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pUrNapAla 445 podanapura 291 pUrNabhadra 168, 264, 388, 389 / / ponna 538 pUrNabhadragaNi 197, 199, 316 poravADa 226, 257, 432, 444, pUrNabhadrasUri 171, 388, 390 446, 447, 480, 584 pUrNamalla 355 paurNamAsikagaccha 85 pUrNimAgaccha 109, 167, 176, paumikagaccha 107, 112 201, 261, 294, 301 paurNamikagaccha-paTTAvalI 456 pUrNimAzAkhA 202 pauSadazamIkathA 368 pUrvarSicarita 205 prajApati 132 pRthvI 149 pRthvIcandra 174, 175, 323, 423, prajApAla 291 prajJAkara 329 495 pratApa 586 pRthvIcandraguNasAgaracaritra 174 pRthvIcandracaritra 174-6,303, 363, pratApasiMha 417 384, 464, 516 / pratikramaNavidhi 417 pRthvIdhara 228, 229 pratibuddha 110 pRthvIdharacarita 229 pratimAlekhasaMgraha 474 pRthvIdharaprabaMdha 228, 331, 383 pratiSThAtilaka 594, 598 pRthvIpAla 83, 87, 443, 444, pratiSThAnapattana 426 482 pratiSThAnapura 426 pRthvIrAja 221, 411, 429, 442 pratiSThApATha 170 pRthvIrAjarAso 420 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 594 pRthvIsAra 338, 339, 340 pratiSThAsoma 215 pRSThacampA 194 pratihAra 423 pethaDa 228, 229, 418, 446, pratihAra-vaMza 236 pratIhAra 597 pethaDacarita 418 pratyekabuddhacarita 160, 161, 302, pethaDaprabaMdha 228 pethaDarAsa 447 pratyekabuddhamahArAjarSicatuSkacaritra 161 pethaDazAha 18 pradezavyAkhyATippana 87 pairAgaila lAsTa 27 pradezI 318

Page #670
657 anukramaNikA pradezIcarita 318 prabodhacintAmaNi 518 pradyumna 44, 61, 117, 127, 132, prabodhapaMcapaJcAzikA 200 141, 146, 172 prabodhamANikya 606 pradyamnacarita 144, 146, 147, prabhaMjana 34, 39, 283, 286, 287, 290, 515 289, 540 pradyumnacaritakAvya 476 prabhava 40, 42 pradyumnasUri 24, 50, 100, 109, 112, 156, 205, 270, prabhavabodhakAvya 200 271, 280, 295, 304, prabhAcandra 42,50, 53, 60, 66, 342, 343, 349 112, 125, 169, 172, pradyota 201 173, 198, 205, 210, pradyotakathA 194 235-237, 299, 317, prabaMdhakoza 206, 214, 246, 251, 375, 419, 457, 458, 254, 375, 377, 404, 461, 526, 587, 601 418, 426, 429,461, prabhAvakakathA 207, 245 576, 599 prabhAvakacarita 18, 50, 172, 205, prabaMdhacintAmaNi 18, 77, 206, 207, 225, 246, 225, 246, 259, 281, 335, 375, 310, 375, 382, 418, 421, 426, 384, 408, 417, 535, 574, 588 422, 426, 429, prabhAvatI 74, 195, 196, 197 443, 452, 502, prabhAvatI-kayA 196 535, 550, 588, prabhAvatIkalpa 197 pramAvatIcaritra 197 prabaMdhapaMcazatI 246 prabhAvatIdRSTAnta 197 prabaMdhasaMgraha 18 prabhAsa 499,406 prabaMdhAvali 106, 121, 206,409, prabhAsapATana 465 419, 420, 429 prabhurAja 179, 18. prabuddharauhiNeya 583, 593 pramANanirNaya 287 prabuddharohiNeya-nATaka 200 pramANaprakAza 84, 91 prabodhacandrodaya 585, 601, 607 pramANaprakAza-saTIka 217

Page #671
650 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa pramANazAstra 526 priyaMvadA 347 pramANasundara 67 priyaMsundarI 348 pramAlakSma 238 priyamitra 90 prameyakamalamArtaNDa 237,527, 587 prItikara 320 prameyaratnakoza 85 prItikaramahAmunicarita 320 pramodamANikya 230 prItimatI 346, 368, 496 pravacanaparIkSA 430 prItivimala 311 pravacanasArasaronabhAskara 237 premarAja 607 pravacanasAroddhAraTIkA 84,96 premavijaya 263 premI 62 pravacanoddhAra 385 proThila 90 pravaravajrazAkhA 495 phattendrasAgara 370 prazamaratidhRtti 298 pharrukhAbAda 535 praznavAhanakula 428 phaladharmakuTumbakathA 334 praznasundarI 79 phalodhI 391 praznottaramAlikA 38 phirojazAha tugalaka 294, 430, 510 praznottarasaMgraha 201 baMkApura 59, 62 praznottaropAsakAcAra 51 baMgAla 8, 13, 421, 462 prasannacandra 73, 89, 91, 141,225, baMdhumatI 538 250 bakAsura 581 prasannacandrasUri 414 bakulanareza 184 prasenacandra 132 bakulamatI 493 prasenajita 191 bakulamAlI 304 prAgvATa 202, 405, 480, 584 bagheravAla 457 prAcIna jaina lekha-saMgraha470,471,473 baghela 9, 425, 430, 438 prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha 462 baghelavaMza 590 prANapriya 590 baghelA 404, 405, 406, 446 prANapriyakAvya 567 baghelAvaMza 226, 439 priyaMkara 325, 371 baTezvara 341 priyaMkarakathA 325 bar3agaccha 83, 87, 289 priyaMguzyAmA 338 bar3anagara 466 * priyaMgusundarI 141, 143 bar3asAjanapaTTa 51

Page #672
anukramaNikA basera 341 balhaNa 170 bar3audA 59, 441, 465, 522 bAgar3a 51, 453 bar3hamAna 235 / bAgar3apradeza 200 banArasa 61, 599 bADamera 164, 193, 345 banAsakAMThA 585 bADalI 468 bandhudatta 296 bANa 18, 267, 423, 531, 533, bappamaTTi 205, 206, 422, 567, 537, 539, 541, 563, 605 573 bANabhaTTa 341, 394 bapyabhaTTikathA 214 bAdAmI 186 bappabhaTTicarita 214 bAbara 67, 432 appaTTisUri 202, 421 bAralI 468 bappabhaTTisUriprabandha 214 bArejA 465 babbaradeza 349 bAlakavi 445 bambaI 110, 479, 571 bAlacandra 408 barelI 480 bAlacandrasUri 18, 408, 593 barbara 142, 448 bAlabodhavyAkaraNa 550 barbaraka 402 bAlabodhinI 604 baladeva 46, 131 bAlabhArata 18, 77, 93, 94, 95, balabhadra 73, 132 balabhadracaritra 132 bAlAruNa 531 balamitra 46 bAlAvabodha 244, 362, 605 balarAma 44, 61, 131, 141, 146 bAli 36, 68 499,500, 530 bAhaDa 430, 520 balAtkAragaNa 62, 189, 198, 248, bAhar3aputra bohittha 302 290,450,456-459 bAhubali 56-58, 90, 93, 132, bali 572 181, 190, 202, 250, balinarendrakathAnaka 140 258, 558 balinarendrAkhyAna 140 * biMda 341 balirAja 132 biMdusAra 204 balirAjacarita 140 bijauliyA 170, 457 ballAla 382 bihAra 8,96, 453

Page #673
66. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bIkAnera 229, 433, 453, 462, bRhad-tapAgaccha 551 463, 466, 470, 473 bRhadvRtti 83 bIkAnera lekha-saMgraha 473 bauddha 31, 563 bIjA 446 byArAnagara 180 bInApura 446, 466 brahmaajita 139 buddha 10, 185, 196 brahmacAribhartRbhAryA 127 buddhacarita 14, 25, 188 brahmajayasAgara 110 buddhivijaya 354, 355 brahmajinadAsa 154 buddhisAgara 310 brahmadatta 7, 73 buddhisAgarasUri 89,238, 473,573 brahmadattakathA 131 budharAghava 96 brahmadattacakravartikathAnaka 131 buhalara 76, 418, 466 brahmadayAla 139 buhilA 347 brahmadeva 110, 236 bRhaTippaNikA 239, 581 brahmadevasUri 596 bRhaTTippanikA 70, 161, 297 brahmabodha 79 bRhatkathA 44, 144, 269, 534 brahmavya 151 bRhatkathAkoza 198, 234, 256, brahmasUri 594, 598 283, 319, 328,449 brahmA 185, 522 bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha 44 brAhmaNadAraka 141 bRhatkalpabhASya 209, 390 bhaktAmara 564, 567, 571 bRhatkalpabhASyacUrNi 209 bhaktAmarakathA 370 bRhatkharataragaccha 218 bhaktAmarastava 148 bRhattapAgaccha 103, 386 bRhatpauSadhazAlika-paTTAvalI 456 bhaktAmarastotra 555, 567-569 bhaktAmarastotracaritra 370 bRhadgancha 19, 80, 84, 88, 92, bhaktAmarastotraTIkA 261 108, 109, 175, 242, bhaktAmarastotramaMtrakathA 370 257, 298, 304, 469, bhaktAmarastotramAhAtmya 245 510, 561 bhaktilAma 309 bRhadgaccha-gurvAvalI 456, 495 bhaktivijaya 355 bRhadagurvAvalI 345 bhagavaI 245 baTippanikA 347 bhagavajinasena 59

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anukramaNikA bhagavatI-ArAdhanA 197, 234 bhagavatIdAsa 460 bhagavatIsUtra 196, 201 bhaTTavosari 64 bhaTTasUdana 445 bhaTTAkalaMka 60 bhaTTikAvya 25, 397 bhar3auca 9, 139, 241, 291, 363, 375, 384, 418, 465, 592 bhattapaiNNA 197 bhadra 261 bhadrakIrti 128 bhadragupta 168, 172 madranandikumArakathA 334 . bhadrabAhu 34, 44,86, 140, 160, 182, 204, 206, 207, 235, 427, 565 bhadrabAhukathA 208 bhadrabAhucarita 207, 449 bhadrabAhusvAmI 234 bhadrazreSThikathA 334 bhadrA 170 bhadrezvara 6, 34, 204, 209 bhadrezvarasUri 71, 109, 154, 203, 510 bharaTakadvAtriMzikA 386 bharata 36, 55-58, 90, 93, 128, 132, 159, 178, 180, 181, 245, 258, 361, 511, 517, 529, 530, 572, 574, 596 bharatakumAra 516, 518 bharatakSetra 529 bharatacakravartI 91, 92 bharatacakrI 72 bharatacaritra 129 bharata-bAhubali 360, 361 bharatamuni 44 bharatarAja 594 bharatasena 235 bharatASTapaTTanRpacaritra 265 bharatezvaracaritra 129 bharatezvarabAhubalimahAkAvya 129 bharatezvarabAhubalivRtti 139, 207, 244, 319, 326, 352, 357, 383 bharatezvarasUri 100, 121 bharatezvarAbhyudayakAvya 66, 128 bharamala 13 bharukaccha 241 bharuca 443 bhartRhari 24, 246, 388, 541, 560, 607 bhartRharizataka 252, 607 bhavabhAvanA 234 bhavabhUti 541, 573, 575, 576 bhavAdivAraNa 568 bhaviSyadatta 296 bhaviSyadattakathA 78, 296, 366 bhaviSyadattacarita 67, 365.367 bhaviSyadattAkhyAna 366

Page #675
362 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhavisattakahA 367 bhavissayattakahA 366 bhavyakaNThAbharaNa 504 bhavyabhajanakaNThAbharaNa 505, 560 bhANDArakara 441 bhAnukIta 195, 357, 372 bhAnukumAra 145, 340 bhAnucandra 10, 219, 313, 434 bhAnucandragaNi 315, 322, 333, 334, 603, 605 bhAnucandragaNicarita 219, 435 bhAnudatta 509 bhAnupura 458 bhAnumati 339 bhAnuvega 493 bhAnusaptamIkathA 373 bhAmaNDala 35 bhAmahaM 14, 20, 25 bhAmAzAha 13 bhArata 204, 226, 517 bhAratavarSa 45,213, 235, 389,392 bhAratIyagaccha 189 bhAradvAja 541 bhAravi 18, 25, 89, 188, 475, 486, 526, 541, 605 mAvacandra 167, 326, 328, 333 bhAvacandragaNi 322 bhAvacandrasUri 109 bhAvadeva 124 bhAvadevasUri 210, 326 bhAvanagara 446 bhAvanAdvAtriMzikA 273 bhAvanAsAra 233 bhAvaprabhasUri 372, 555, 567 bhAvavijayagaNi 161, 358 bhAvasaMgraha 449 bhASyatraya 190 bhAsa 428, 541, 573, 581 bhAskarakavi 151 bhinnamAla 9 bhillamAla 281, 341 bhillamAlavaMza 121 bhIma 226, 361, 397, 400, 403, 405, 421, 423, 425, 445, 581 bhImadeva 202, 404, 415, 430, 444, 445, 584 bhImasiMha 411, 412 bhImasena 46, 47, 146, 309, 310, 361 bhImasenanRpakathA 309 bhImAdevI 559 bhImAsura 149 bhImezvara 591 bhISma 513, 541 bhuvanakIrti 130, 155, 264, 457 bhuvanacandra 131, 364 / / bhuvanatuMgasUri 39, 40, 80, 87 bhuvanadIpaka 112 bhuvanapAla 164, 442 bhuvanabhAnukevalicaritra 140, 177 bhuvanasundarI 347

Page #676
anukramaNikA bhuvanasundarIkathA 347 bhuvanAbhyudaya 26 bhUbhaTa 404 bhUyarAja 423 bhUrAmala 179, 512 bhRgukaccha 127, 363, 364, 406, 410, 438 bhRgukacchapura 139 bhRgupura 375 bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa 65, 150 bhairavAnanda 575 bhogakIrti 145 bhoja 42, 128, 236, 246, 252, 273, 342, 381, 384,397, 401,412, 421, 430,476, 526, 535 bhojagAMgeya 429 bhojacarita 382 bhojadeva 63 bhojaprabaMdha 228, 245, 331, 382. 384, 418, 535 bhojamuMjakathA 381 bhojasAgara 117 maMkuzilA 202 maMgarasa 55, 117 maMgalakalazakathA 328 maMgalakalazakumAra 328 maMgalakuMbha 107, 508 maMgaladAsa 104 maMgalamAlAkathA 360 maMgu 318 maMgvAcAryakathA 318 maMjusUri 367 maMDana 14, 431, 432, 519 521,544 maMDanamaMtrI 520 maMDalapurI 82 maMDalika 446 maMDikukSicaitya 318 maMDita 195 makaraketu 347, 348 makaradhvaja 281, 282 makaranda 577-79 makhadUmejahA~ begama 427 magadha 398, 415, 529 magadhadeza 495, 496, 503 magadhasenA 335 magadhasenAkathA 360 maghana 476 maghavA 73, 129 maNikUTaparvata 482 maNidhArI jinacandra 220 maNidhArI jinacandrasUri 223 maNipati 296, 297 maNipatikAnagarI 297 maNipaticarita 296 maNibhadrayati 300 maNiratha 163, 352 maNirathakumAra 338, 340 matinandanagaNi 322 mativardhana 270 matizekhara 352

Page #677
jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa matisAgara 119, 373 manovega 274 matsyodara 329 manovegakathA 275 matsyodarakathA 328 manovega-pavanavegakathAnaka 275 mathanasiMhakathA 327 manohara 523 mathurA 89, 149, 158, 184, 209, manoharacarita 138 318, 427, 449, 467, mandarArya 46 468, 472, 502, 529 mandasaura 436 madanakIrti 427, 428, 461 mandodarI 61, 143, 580 madanacandrasUri 109 manne 467 madanadatta 301 manmathamathananATya 602 madanadhanadevIcaritra 360 maphatalAla 79 madanaparAjaya 260, 281 mammaTa 21, 105 madanarekhA 161, 163, 250, 352 mammaDa 341 madanarekhAAkhyAyikAcampU 352 mammaNa 240 madanarekhAcarita 352 mayaNaparAjayacariu 282 madanavarmA 417, 427, 429 mayaNalladevI 397, 423 madanavegA 142 mayaNA 292 madanAvalikathA 360 mayanAsundarI 291, 292 madanAvalI 250, 255 mayUra 423, 563 madanUra 468 mayUradUta 464, 553 madirAvatI 352, 531, 534 marIci 90-93, 485 madirAvatIkathAnaka 352 maru 415 madhukarIgIta 572 marudevI 57, 58, 517 madhumAlatIkathA 360 marubhUti 88, 89 madhUkanagara 602 maladhArI abhayadevasUri 428 madhyadeza 529 maladhArIgaccha 50, 140, 251, madhyapradeza 170, 473, 535 254, 332, 439 manojAnanda 495 maladhArI devaprabhasUri 201 manodUta 553 maladhArI hemacandra 87, 129, 140, manoramA 202, 350, 482, 577 210, 234, 559 manoramAcarita 350, 573 malayaketu 103 manoramAcariya 80 malayagiricarita 214

Page #678
anukramaNikA malaya candrasUri 602 malayaprabha 202 malayaprabhasUri 201 malayavatI 335, 533 malayasundarI 359, 532, 533 malayasundarIkathA 351 malaya sundarIkathoddhAra 352 malayasundarI caritra 351, 352, 515 malayasUri 430 malahaMsa 328 malayahaMsagaNi 356 malika muhammada jAyasI 165 malladeva 405, 599 mallavAdikathA 214 mallavAdI 205, 206, 214 malli 110, 111 mallikA 573, 578 mallikAmakaranda 573, 577 mallikArjuna 398, 410, 415 mallinAtha 86, 111, 404, 480 mallinAthacaritra 51, 95, 110, 114, 122 mallinAhacariya 83 mallibhUSaNa 117, 145, 173, 198, 199, 248, 295 mallivAhanapura 464 malliSeNa 9, 65, 119, 148, 15, 168, 237, 248, 283 318, 373, 468, 560 malliSeNa prazasti 119 mahaNasiMha 327, 428 mahamUda khilajI 432 mahamUda gajanavI 427 mahasAnA 52 mahAummagga jAtaka 305 mahAkAlezvara maMdira 299 mahAtmA gAMdhI 333 mahAdaNDa kastutigarbha 465 mahAdeva 439 mahAdevastotra 570 mahAnanda 445 mahAnizItha 330 mahApadma 131 mahApurANa 6, 17, 34, 41, 46, 55, 60, 62, 65, 68, 79, 150, 179, 202, 547 256, 511, 544, mahApurANaTippaNa 237 mahApuruSacarita 77, 426 mahAbala 351 mahAbalamalayasundarI 351 mahAbala malaya sundarIkathA 303 mahAbalamalaya sundarI caritra 363 mahAbala vidyAdhara 557 mahAbali 188 665 mahAbhArata 14, 24, 26, 34, 44, 135, 246, 252, 269, 361, 499, 512, 514, 524, 563, 572, 575, 581, 593 mahAbhASya 572 mahAbhiSekaTIkA 248 mahAyAna 10 mahAratha 340

Page #679
666 jena sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahArathakumAra 338 mahimasiMha 605 mahArASTra 59 mahivAlakahA 385 mahAvata 284 mahItaTa 591 mahAvastu 420 mahItilakasUri 383 mahAvIra 45-47, 49, 53, 63, mahIpAla 236, 360, 384, 415 73, 77, 79, 89, 126, mahIpAlakathA 384 138, 151, 153, 155, mahIpAlacarita 384, 416, 551 159, 166, 168, 175, mahImeru 605 177, 190, 192, 194- mahIrAja 362 202, 252, 263, 338, mahuA 602 340, 361, 375, 393, mahendra 103, 493, 497 427, 446, 449, 451, mahendrakIrti 483 455, 460, 485, 506, mahendrapAla 236 524, 529, 564, 572, mahendraprabhasUri 550 583, 585 mahendrasUri 205, 210, 224, 225, mahAvIracarita 104, 126 259, 312, 349, 350, mahAvIracariya 85, 89, 91-92, 366, 384, 421, 462, 238, 241-243, 518, 535, 592 303, 304 mahendrasena 459 mahAvIrathava 565 maheza 522 mahAvIrapurANa 126 mahezvara 521 mahAvIrAcArya 9 mahezvaradatta 141, 349 mahAvrata 550 mahezvarasUri 366 mahAzAla 194 mahobe 170 mahAzukradeva 99 mAMgarola 217 mahAzvetA 533 mAMDala 443 mahAsedha 305 mAMDalapattana 176 mahAsena 48, 101, 146, 179, mAMDalinagara 147 180, 477, 483, 487 mAMDavagar3ha 216, 229, 431, 520. mahAsenasUri 476 mAMDavI 469 mahAsenAcArya 145 mAMDoMgar3ha 228 mahiMdasIha 166 mAgha 14, 25, 89, 219, 281,

Page #680
manukramaNikA 423, 475, 477, 479,480, mAnabhadrasUri 510, 561 489, 501,526 mAnamudrAbhaMjana 583 mANavijaya 159 mAnavatI 355, 356 mANikyacandra 18, 106, 121,167 mAnavijaya 275, 316 mANikyacandrasUri 105, 120, 124, mAnasiMha 155, 291 140, 502, 603 mAnyakUTa 8 mANikya deva 137 mAyA 525 mANikyavijaya 370 mAyAditya 338, 339, 340 mANikyasundara 174, 314, 363, mAravAr3a 290, 406, 443, 456, 372, 374, 516 mANikyasundarasUri 303, 320, 519 mAridatta 284-286,539, 540 mANikyasUri, 138, 212, 214, mArgazIrSaekAdazI 373 270, 283, 288, mAladeva 67, 326, 370 289, 351, 363 / mAlava 410, 415 mANikyasena 170 mAlavA 8, 59, 115, 199, 228, mAtaMga 162 ___ 417-419, 425, 430mAtRkAprasAda 79 432, 462, 519, 544 mAtRceTa 563 mAlAkArakathA 334 mAthuragancha 96 mAlhaNa 115 mAthurasaMgha 170, 173 mitracatuSkakathA 321 mAdhava 426, 509 mitraratna 604 mAdhavabhaTTa 528 mitravIra 46 mAdhavasena 459 mitrAnanda 101, 322, 578, 579 mAnatuMga 122, 202, 206, 355, mithilA 61, 110, 352 423, 567-569 mithilAnareza 163 mAnatuga-mAnavatIcarita 355 milacchrakAra 590, 591 mAnatuMgasUri 50, 84, 99, 100, mihirabhoja 422 122, 128, 201, 202 / / mInaladevI 448 mAnadeva 298 muMja 342, 381, 384, 476, 535, mAnadevasUri 69, 92 mAnadevendra 283 muMjanarendrakathA 384 mAnabhaTTa 338, 339 muMjabhojanRpakathA 384

Page #681
668 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa muMjAla 202, 408 munisuvrata 73, 113, 127, 182, muktApIDa 422 241, 364, 525 muktAvalI 175 munisuvratakAvya 114, 503, 544 muktAvalIkathA 373. munisuvratacarita 112, 113 muktivimala 367-369 munisuvratanAtha 112, 410 mugala 13, 229, 411, 432 munisuvratanAthacaritra 95 mugalakAla 432 munisuvratanAthacaitya 592 mudrArAkSasa 592 munisuvratasvAmicarita 122 mudrAlaMkAra 578 munisuvratasvAmI 113, 315, 438, mudritakumudacandra 573, 587, 601 municandra 108, 167, 297, 332 / / munisuvvayasAmicariya 87, 442 municandrasUri 50, 385, 510, 606 munisoma 324 municarita 138 munIndrakIrti 459 munideva 50, 342, 563 . mumukSu 198 munidevasUri 108, 109, 508, 509 murAri 439, 563, 607 munipaticarita 296 mulagunda 65 munipaticaritrasAroddhAra 298 musalamAna 59. munibhadra 509 muhammada tugalaka 17, 426, 431, munimadrasUri 18, 105, 108, 109, 453, 508, 510 muhammada bina tugalaka 430 muniratna 128, 261, 445 mUladeva 271, 311 muniratnasUri 112, 127, 167%, mUladevanRpakathA 311 381 mUlarAja 397, 400, 404-406, munivijaya 319 410, 415, 423, 433 munivimala 358 mUlazuddhiprakaraNa 349 munisAgara 261 mUlazuddhiprakaraNaTIkA 86 munisundara 177, 234, 245, 315, mUlasaMgha 46, 53, 59, 62, 117, 321, 383, 455, 569 130, 189, 248, 290, munisundaragaNi 245 munisundarasUri 207, 247, 302, mUlamaMghabhAratIgaccha 198 317, 321, 377,455, mUlasthAna 410 464 mUlAcAra 234

Page #682
manukramaNikA mUlAcArapradIpa 51 meghamAlAvatAkhyAna 373 mUlArAdhanA 62, 197 meghamAlI 88 mRgadhvaja 320 meghamuni 196 mRgadhvajacarita 320 megharatha 358 mRgadhvajacaupAI 320 megharAjagaNi 605 mRgasundarI 359 meghalatA 605 mRgasundarIkathA 262, 359 meghavAhana 113, 531, 534 mRgasenA 184 meghavijaya 25, 78,79, 367, 391, mRgAMka 312, 313, 581 456, 464, 524, 530, mRgAMkakumArakathA 392, 313 546, 552, 555 mRgAMkacarita 312, 313 meghavijayagaNi 110, 219, 366, mRgAputra 194, 197 435, 529, 602 mRgAputracarita 197 meghezvara 160, 178, 594 mRgAvatI 73, 160, 195, 201, mer3atA 410,433, 463 257 metArya 195, 235 mRgAvatIAkhyAna 201 merutuMga 77, 96,206, 314,363, mRgAvatIkathA 201 375, 384, 401, 417, mugAvatIkulaka 201 452, 502, 516, 546, mRgAvatIcarita 201 mRcchakaTika 44 merutuMgasUri 96, 199, 312, 425 meSakumAra 73, 191, 202, 245, mestrayodazIkathA 367, 368 mestrayodazIvyAkhyAna 373 meSakumArakayA 331 merupaMktikathA 373 meghadUta 24, 78, 115, 117, 464, meruprabhasUri 325 526, 545-548, 550- merumaNDala 516 552, 554, 603, 604 meravijaya 464 meghadUtasamasyAlekha 78, 546, 552, merusundara 183, 244, 349 mevAr3a 453, 459, 591 meSanandi 483 meSadeva 127 meghaprabha 132 maitreya 578 meghaprabhAcArya 589 maithilIkalyANa 573, 594, 597 meSamAlA 371 mainapurI 474

Page #683
670 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 593 maisUra 63, 470 yamI 572 mokalajI. 19, 469 yamunASTaka 563 mogaliputra 472 yava 162 mojadIna 417 yavadvIpa 142 moDha 447 yavanadeza 142 moDhavaMza 586 yavanadvIpa 349 moDheraka 408 yavarAjarSikathA 334 modakAdikathA 265 yazaHkIrti 84, 130, 168, 173, mohadatta 238-340 195 mohanalAlajI mahArAja 223 yazaHpAla 445 mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI 228, yaza 336 414 yazacandra 183 mohanavijaya 355 yazadeva 89 moharAja 586 yazapAla 586 moharAjaparAjaya 225, 573, 585, yazazcandra 588 maukharI 13 yazastilaka 538 maunaekAdazIkathA 367, 373 yazastilakacandrikA 248, 290 maunavratakathA 373 yazastilakacampU 283, 287, 290, maunibhaTTAraka 47, 235 490, 539, 542, mauryakAla 472 562 mauryacandragupta 204 yazasvIgaNi 563 yakSa 578 yazodeva 19, 83, 304, 309, yakSadatta 341 310, 469, 540 yajurveda 563 yazodevasUri 129 yajJadeva 340 yazodhara 145, 268, 282, 284yatAndravihAra-digdarzana 473 286, 539, 541 yatIndrasUri 314, 330, 358 yazodhara-candramati-kathAnaka 283 yaduvaMza 43, 44 yazodharacarita 34, 39, 51, 53, yaduvaMzacarita 44 119, 138, 147, yanti 400 180, 217, 248, yama 572 283, 286, 515, yamadhana 536 528, 540, 551

Page #684
anukrarmANakA yazodhavala 127, 445 510, 526, 543, 576, yazobhadrasUri 129 yazovarmA 399, 400, 402, 422 raghuvaMzakAvyavRtti 148 yazovijaya 178, 215, 220, 275, raghuvaMzamahAkAvya 396 raghuvilAsa 576, 579, 581, 582 yazovijayagaNi 244 raghuvilAsanATakoddhAra 580 yazovIra 440, 502, 583 rajaHparvakathA 370 yAdava 525, 591 ravAla 572 yAdavAbhyudaya 582 raNagajendra 340 yApanIya 38, 41, 47 raNathaMbhora 411, 443 yAminIvallabha 536 raNasiMha 324 yAsAsAsA 73 raNasiMhanRpakathA 324 yuktiprabodhanATaka 78,602 raNastaMbhapura 412 yuktyanuzAsana 566 ratikeli 353 yugandhara 97 ratipAla 412 gugapradhAnacarita 264 ratisAra 101 yugabAhu 163, 258, 352 ratisundarI 497 yUnAna 26 ratisundarIkathA 360 yUropa 585 ratnakaraNDaTIkA 237 yogarAja 404 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra 234 yogazAstra 76, 490-492, 583 ratnakIrti 130, 208,457 yogazAstraprakAza 559 ratnakuzala 230 yogasAraprAbhRta 273 ratnacandra 54, 84, 110, 130, yoginIpura 116 145, 208, 325, 458 yogirAT 558 ratnacandragaNi 148, 217, 391, yogirAT paNDitAcArya 548, 559 yodheya 539 ratnacUr3a 102, 110, 304, 376 raMgazAlA 579 ratnacUr3akathA 92, 243, 304 raMbhAmaMjarI 573 ratnatrayavidhAnakathA 373 rahadhU 180, 165, 296, 299, ratnadevagaNi 561 ratnadvIpa 348 raghuvaMza 14, 25, 89, 486, 491, ratnanandi 208, 386, 416, 449

Page #685
672 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa ratnanandigaNi 104 ratnasAramantrIkathA 314 ratnapAla 314, 391 ratnasAramantrIdAsIkathA 314 ratnapAlakathA 314 ratnasiMha 103, 154, 305, 386, ratnapAlacaritra 315 414, 590 ranapura 306, 354, 384, 487 ratnasiMhasUri 103, 416, 567 ratnaprabhasUri 19, 88, 100, 154, ratnasuMdarasUri 391 175, 182, 324,469 ratnAkara 148, 304 ralaprabhAcArya 343 ratnAkarapaMcaviMzatikATIkA 262 ratnabhUSaNa 104 ratnAkarasUri 386, 416 ratnamaMbarIkathA 360 ratnAkarAvatArikApaMbikA 254 ratnamaMjarIcaritra 360 ratnAditya 404 ratnamaMDanagaNi 228, 331, 383, ratnAvatArikApaMjikA 429 560 ratnAvalI 175, 267, 303,596 ratnamaNDanasUri 247 racyA 490 ratnamandiragaNi 430, 514, 535 ranti 400 ralamAlA 330, 597 rana 119, 538 ratnamUrti 183 ramalazAstra 78 ratnayogIndra 148 rambhA 599 ratnalAma 312 rambhAmaMjarI 599 ratnavatI 306, 327 rayaNacUDarAyacariya 304 ralazekhara 207, 306, 309, 333, rayaNavAlakahA 200, 315 rayaNaseharIkahA 165, 307 ratnazekharakathA 306, 417 ravikIrti 466 ratnazekhararatnavatIkathA 172, 307 ravikuzala 362 ratnazekharasari 110, 24, 293, ravicandra 64 294, 307, 215, raviprabhari 95, 112, 122 331, 514, 524, ravivardhana 456 567, 607 ravitakathA 372 ratnabhAvaka 428 raviSeNa 26, 39,40,48,51,76, ratnasaMcayapura 385 139, 180, 183, 256, ratnasAra 99, 175, 314, 154 khnavAracaritra 114 raksiAgara 323, 373

Page #686
anukramaNikA ravisAgaragaNi 147 rasagaMgAdhara 523 rasamaJjarI 391 rAkSasakAvya 603, 606 rAkSasavaMza 36 rAghava 525 rAghavacarita 35 rAghavanaiSadhIya 528 rAghavapANDavayAdavIya 525, 528 rAghavapANDavIya 524, 528, 606 rAghavapANDavIya prakAzikA 528 rAghavayAdavIya 525 rAghavAbhyudaya 581 rAcamalla 119 rAjakIrti 332 rAjakoTa 333 rAjagaccha 17, 96, 121, 205 rAjagRha 155, 166, 168, 170, 190 - 192, 194, 301, 318, 340, 344, 422, 503, 506, 583 rAjataraMgiNI 26, 394, 402, 417, 421, 424 rAjapura 151, 284, 539 rAjapUta 13 rAjamalla 155, 229, 432 rAjamuni 295 rAjameru 378 rAjavardhana 206 rAjavallabha 354, 382 rAjavallabha pAThaka 383 43 603 rAjazekhara 331, 375, 388, 428, 527, 560, 575 rAjazekharasUri 206, 214, 254, 387, 418, 461, 511 rAjasAgara 147, 323 rAjasiMha 327 rAjasiMhakathA 327 rAjasiMha - ratnavatIkathA 327 rAjasthAna 8, 9, 19, 164, 229, 419, 436, 453, 462, 583 rAjahaMsakathA 334 rAjAvalIkathA 594 rAjImatI 117, 127, 131, 183, 479, 548, rAjImatIprabodha 588 rAjImatIprabodhanATaka 183 rAjImatIpipralaMbha 66, 183 rAjula 548 rAjyazrI 586 rANApratApa 13 rANAlI 512 rAtribhojanatyAgakathA 373 160, 567 rAma 7, 31, 34, 36, 37, 40,61, 68, 70, 73, 132, 142, 361, 461, 490, 524,525, 529, 530, 579-581, 597 rAmakIrti 19, 469 rAmaguptaM 472, 473 rAmacandra 55, 73, 182, 198, 275, 379, 563, 573

Page #687
jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rAmacandragaNi 321 rAvaNa 35-37, 40, 61, 68, 70, rAmacandramumukSu 165, 256 73, 244, 311, 525, 530, rAmacandrasUri 138, 211, 334, 58. 577, 580-582 rAvaNa-pArzvanAthastotra 569 rAmacarita 42, 52, 243, 528 rASTrakUTa 8, 9, 16, 38, 59, rAmadAsa 463 62, 186, 402, 466, rAmadeva 344 467, 538, 541 rAmadevacarita 35 rAsabhavaMza 45 rAmadevapurANa 42 rAsamAlA 424 rAmana 115. rAhaDa 404 rAmanagara 480 rAhu 38 rAmapurANa 42 riportera da epigrAphI jaina 470 rAmabhaTTa 528 risabhadevacariya 80 rAmabhadra 422, 583 rukmiNI 127, 142, 145, 146, rAmabhadrasUri 200, 210 148, 149, 183, 246, rAmarAjyarAsa 52 253, 346, 586 rAmalakSmaNacaritra 40 rukmiNIkathAnaka 183 rAmavijaya 42, 54, 607 rukmiNIcarita 183 rAmavijayopAdhyAya 607 rukmI 110 rAmasari 102 rudra 185 rAmasena 146 rudraTa 14 rAmAyaNa 14, 24, 26, 34-37,41, rudradatta 127 42, 61, 68, 70, 142, rudrapallIyagaccha 172, 353, 370 143, 246, 252, 271, rudrabhUti 37 524, 563, 572 rudramAla 423 rAmAravindacarita 35 rudrazarmA 445 rAyacandra 333 rUpacandra 607 rAyapaseNiya 318 rUpacandragaNi 196 rAyapaseNiyasutta 572 rUpavijaya 174, 327 rAyamalla 65-67, 150, 158, 370 rUpavijayagaNi 176 rAyamallAbhyudaya 66, 67, 157, rUpasiddhi 119 432, 601 rUpasena 322, 358

Page #688
anukramaNikA 675 laMkA 36, 525, 579 laMkAdvIpa 361 lazcaNapaMktikathA 373 lakSmaNa 37, 40, 61, 68,73, 182, 490, 525, 530, rUpasenakathA 392, 323 rUpasenakanakAvatIcaritra 323 rUpasenacaritra 323, 358 rUpasenapurANa 323 reNA 245 revatI 195, 202, 261 revatImitra 400 revatIzrAvikAkathA 202 raivata 361, 423, 478 raivataka 406, 479, 499, 500, 548, 549 raivatAcalamAhAtmya 360 roma 26 roranArI 239 rohaka 305 rohaNagiri 376 rohA 444 rohiNI 357, 268, 581 rohiNIkathA 357, 367 rohiNIcaritra 357 rohiNItapamAhAtmya 368 rohiNImRgAMka 581 rohiNIvratakathA 368 rohiNeya 200 rohiNeyakathA 200, 358, 377 rohiNeyakathAnaka 368 rohiNyazokacandranRpakathA 262, 358, 368 rohitAzva 575 rodratA-586 rohiNeya 73, 103, 195, 583 lakSmaNagaNi 82, 335, 443 lakSmaNasena 41, 423, 427 lakSmaNA 486 lakSmI 149, 169, 268, 271, 487, 520 lakSmIkarNa 400, 401 lakSmIkuMja 101 lakSmIcandra 248 lakSmItilaka 161, 302 lakSmItilakagaNi 164, 193, 346 lakSmIpati 238 lakSmIbhadrasUri 321 lakSmImatI 149, 597 lakSmIlAbhagaNi 559 lakSmIvallabha 212, 604 lakSmIvimala 567 lakSmIsAgara 2074, 215, 247 lakSmIsAgarasUri 199, 216 lakSmIsUri 265 lakSmIsena 146, 456 lakSmezvara 468 laghukSetrasamAsa 294 laghukharataragaccha 508 laghutriSaSTi 79 laghutriSaSTilakSaNamahApurANa 79 laghutriSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 77,531

Page #689
jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa laghu-pANDavacaritra 55 laghupauSadhazAlika-paTTAvalI 456 laghumahApurANa 79 buzatapadI 550 laghuzAntipurANa 104 labdhimuni 223, 295, 330 labdhivijaya 369 labdhisAgara 174, 176 bandhisAgaragaNi 275, 294, 455 kalitakIrti 58, 208, 606 lalitapura 184 lalitavistara 420 balitAMga 58, 125, 353, 557 lalitAditya 422 lava 42 lavaNaprasAda 404,405, 417 lavAMgakuza 36 lAhaura 230,435 limbaDI 441 lIlAvatI 34 lIlAvatIkathA 346 lIlAvatIkathAsAra 346 lIlAvatIkAvya 346 lIlAvaidya 423 lukAgaccha 283, 290, 563 luMkAmata 208 luisa rAisa 63, 469 lUNasAka 406 lokasena 61, 62 lokAditya 62 lokApavAdakathA 334 lobhadeva 338-340 lobhanandI 127 lobhAkara 103 lobhAnandI 103 lohAcArya 46 lohAnIpura 472 vaMkacUla 264, 323, 426-428 vaMkacUlakathA 323 vaMga 415 vakkacUDakahA 323 vaghelA 194 vajjAlagga 560 vajra 38 vajragupta 338, 340 vajraghoSa 118 vajrajaMgha 58,557 vapranAma 88,89, 101, 118 lATa 405, 406, 415, 591,599 lATabargaTasaMgha 476 lATavAgaDasaMgha 62 lATIsaMhitA 158 lAmavijaya 523 lAyamana 335 bAlacandra gAMdhI 574 lAlajI 183 lAlabAga 110 lAlamaNi 95 lAvaNyavijaya 227 lAvaNyasamaya 227

Page #690
anukramaNikA vajranAbhi 557 vajrazAkhA 75, 89, 91 vajrasiMha 344 vajrasUri 48 vajrasena 38, 79, 243, 293, 322 vajrasenacaritra 334 vajrasvAmikathA 213, 334 vajrasvAmicarita 213 vajrasvAmI 182, 203 - 205, 213 vajrAyudha 97, 107, 532, 592 vajrAyudhAdikathA 265 vajrArgalA 587 vaTagaccha 137, 202 vaTapadra 58 vaTTakera 234 vaDagaccha 92, 391 vaDhamANa 425 vaDhavANa 47 vatsagotrI 593 vatsabhaTTi - prazasti 436 vatsarAja 45, 110, 132, 332, 342, 382, 422 vatsarAja udayana 427 vatsarAjakathA 334 vatsarAjagaNi 391 vadheravAla 65 vanakeli 482 vanathalI 442, 443 vanapAla 487 vanamAlA 582 vanarAja 149, 404, 423, 444 varaMga 275 varadatta 184, 185, 366 varadattaguNamaMjarIkathA 262, varanAga 300 vararuci 204 varuNaseTha 103 varNAvarta 597 varAMga 183-186, 461 varAMgacarita 39, 48, 183, 461 varAhamihira 423 varAhIM 444, 445 varuNa 563, 578 varuNadvIpa 578 365-367 677 varddhamAnacarita 97 barddhamAnasUri 238, 498 vardhamAna 40, 64, 77, 189, 190, 248, 594 vardhamAnakuMjara 422 mAnagaNi 522 vardhamAnacarita 51, 126, 485 vardhamAnajina bhavana 303 vardhamAnadezanA 234, 314, 322, 330, 331, 352 vardhamAnapura 45, 47, 235, 425 vardhamAnapurANa 48, 126 vardhamAnasUri 83, 89, 102, 193, 234, 239, 280, 430, 452, 453, 573 vardhamAnasvAmI 189 vardhamAnAcArya 80, 350 varSaprabodha 78

Page #691
678 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa valabhI 10, 317, 361, 427 437, 446, 501, 569, valkalacIri 141 590-593 vallabharAja 397 vastupAlacarita 226, 307, 416, vallabhAcArya 563 502 vasantakIrti 457 vastupAla-tejapAlacarita 226 vasantanivAsa 403 vastupAla-tejapAlaprazasti 409, 438, vasantapAla 405, 441, 502 vasantavilAsa 18, 405 vastupAlaprazasti 409, 438, 439 vasantasenA 44, 127 vastupAlastuti 409 vasu 61, 142 vastradAnakathA 334 vasudatta 141 vAkATaka 37 vasudeva 43, 117, 127, 131, vAkpati muMja 423 140, 144, 344,478, 526 vAgaDa 53 vasudevacarita 34, 44, 86, 140, vAgarthasaMgraha 34 vAgbhaTa 22,29,30,75,95, 115, .410, 416, 423, 430, vasudevahiNDI 4, 34, 44, 131, 479-481, 489, 522 139, 140,154,269, vAgbhaTameru 164, 193, 345 308,338, 341, 349, vAgbhaTAlaMkAra 430, 481 390, 521, 593 vAgvara 53 vasudevahiNDIAlApaka 144 vATagrAma 59 vasudevahiNDIsAra 144 vANIvallabha 126 basundharA 89 vAdicandra 53, 125, 145, 179, vasupujjariya 84 181, 283, 290, 299, vasubhUtikathA 334 546, 551, 601 vasubhUtivasumitrakathA 334 vAdidevagaccha 408 vasurAja 127 vAdidevasUri 88, 587, 588 vasurAjakathA 334 vAdibhUSaNa 291, 457 vastupAla 14, 17, 18, 25, 106, vAdirAja 119, 149, 150, 283, 121, 132, 206, 226, 287, 515, 527 251, 258, 364, 403, vAdirAjapUri 118, 484,568 416, 423, 428, 430, vAdivetAla zAntisUri 308

Page #692
679 anukramaNikA vAdisiMha 60, 275 viMdhyAcala 444 vAdIbhasiMha 18, 15, 119, 152, viMzatisthAnakavicArAmRtasaMgraha 417 515, 531, 538 viMzatisthAnakasaMgraha 307 vAdIbhasiMha mahAmuni padmanandi 256 / vikrama 101, 115, 252, 374, vAnamantara 268 378, 381, 382, 546,549 vAnara 103 vikramacarita 19, 200, 207, 376, vAnaravaMza 36 379, 380, 383 vAmadeva 278 vikramadeva 290 vAmA 88 vikramapaJcadaNDaprabaMdha 379 vAyaTa 375 vikramaprabandhakathA 378 vAyaTagaccha 514 vikramayaza 492 vAyaDagaccha 404 vikramasiMha 467, 496, 497 vAyaDA 447 vikramasena 319, 375-377 vAyasa 141 vikramasenacarita 319 vAyubhUti 125 vikramAMkadevacarita 26, 394, 402 vArANasI 61,88, 110, 215, 235, vikramAditya 45, 167, 213, 250, 419, 529, 599 254, 257, 374-382, vArSikakathAsaMgraha 265 396, 423, 427, 451 vAlTeyara 26, 272 vikramAdityacaritra 245 vAlmIki 14, 34-37, 41, 68, vikramAdityapaJcadaNDacchatra-prabaMdha 379 143, 186 vikramorvazIya 580 vAlmIkinagara 125 vikrAMtakaurava 178,573, 594,596 vAsava 339 vicArazreNI 426, 451 vAsavadattA 341,531, 536,605 vijaya 38, 268, 551 vAsavadattATIkA 219 vijayakIrti 53, 119, 467 vAsavasena 104, 283, 286, 289 vijayakumAra 363 vAsudeva 411, 525 vijayakumAracaritra 334 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 473 vijayagaNi 357 vAsupUjya 84, 101 vijayacandra 132, 133, 386, 516 vAsupUjyacarita 101 vijayacandrakevalicaritra 177 vidhyagiri 75, 487 vijayacandracarita 85, 133

Page #693
680 vijayacandrasUri 132, 140, 364 vijayadayAsUri 159 vijayadAnasUri 42, 54, 355 vijayadeva 220, 435 vijayadevamAhAtmya 218, 435 vijayadevamAhAtmyavivaraNa 78, 435 vijayadevasUri 217-220, 465 vijayadharma 268 vijayadharmasUri 462, 471, 473 vijayanagara 9, 189, 559 vijayanItisUri 264 vijayane misUri 553 vijayapAla 584 vijayaprabha 78 vijayaprabhasUri 219, 275, 294, 464, 553 vijayaprazastikAvya 218 vijayaprazastimahAkAvya 253, 435 vijaya bhaTTAraka 119 vijayabhadra 358 vijayabhUpendrasUri 315 vijayamUrti zAstrI 470 vijayayatIndrasUri 473 vijayaratnasUri 294 vijayarAjendrasUri 316, 369 vijayalakSmI 234, 263, 373 vijayavarddhanagaNi 345 vijaya saMvignazAkhA-paTTAvalI 456 vijayasiMha 268, 347 vijayasiMha sUri 80, 82, 84, 97, 102, 124, 140, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 220, 257, 295 vijayasUri 50, 112, 605 vijaya sena 218, 271, 324, 339, 344 vijaya sena sUri 115, 258, 259, 261, 324, 355, 368, 435, 437, 455, 463 vijaya saubhAgyasUri 263 vijayastuti 218 vijayahI rasUrIzvara 455 vijayA 151, 324 vijayAnagarI 339, 340 vijayAnandasUri 263, 465 vijayAnandasUrIzvarastavana 555, 567 vijayAmRtasUri 464, 553 vijayArdha 56 vijayendusUri 416,510 vijayollAsamahAkAvya 220 vijitA 446 vijauliyA 301 vijJaptitriveNI 464 vijJaptipatra 462 vijJaptipatrI 464 viNTara nitsa 51, 252, 261, 386 vidarbha 487 vidizA 473 vidyAkIrti 302 vidyAdevI 497 vidyAdhara 551, 577 vidyAdhara joharApurakara 470, 474 vidyAdhara nami 596 vidyAdhara vaMza 36

Page #694
anukramaNikA vidyAdhara zAkhA 81 vidyAdharI 583 vidyAnanda 364, 568 vidyAnandi 139, 173, 198, 199, 208, 248, 290, 295, 369, 458 vidyApati 101 vidyApatiSThikathA 334 vidyAbhUSaNa 96, 155 vidyAratna 167 vidyAvilAsa 328 vidyAvilAsanRpakathA 328 vidyAvilAsasaubhAgyasundarakathAnaka 328 vidyAsAgarazreSThikathA 334 vidyuccara 195, 200 vidyuccaramunicaritra 334 vidyuta 408 vidrumacaritra 334 vinami 56 vinayaMdhara 249, 328, 362 . vinayaMgharacarita 328 vinayakuzalagaNi 314 vinayacandra 95, 211, 253, 265, 528, 605 vinayacandrasUri 112, 122, 210 vinayadhara 46, 459 vinayaprama 302, 553 vinayamaNDanagaNi 353 vinayavijaya 295, 464, 465 vinayavijayagaNi 546, 553 / / vinayasAgara 147, 169, 473, 549 vinayasAgaragaNi 173 vinayamundara 605 vinAyakapAla 236 vinItadeza 184 vinItasundara 309 vinodakathAsaMgraha 253, 387 vinseNTa smitha 434 vipAkasUtra 197, 269 vibudhaguNanandi 483 vibudhaprama 112, 171 vibudhaprabhasUri 110 vibudhAcArya 82 vibudhAnandanATaka 573 vibhISaNa 580 vimala 39, 48, 444 vimalakamala 103 vimalakIrti 552 vimalakIrtigaNi 546 vimalagiri 363 vimalacariya 85 vimalanAtha 102, 103 vimalanAthacarita 102, 305, 306 vimalapurANa 103 vimalaprabaMdha 227 vimalabodhi 101 vimalamaMtricarita 226 vimalamaMtrI 227 vimalamati 69 vimalazAha 226, 227 vimalasaMvignazAkhA 456 vimalasAgara 209 vimalasAgaragaNi 217

Page #695
682 vimalasAha 444 vimalasUri 6, 26, 34, 35, 38, 41, 48, 68, 70, 76, 79, 595, 597 vimalasenA 141 vimaharSaNi 455 vimAMka 33, 39 vilAsapura 170 vilAsamatI 533, 583 viliyama roja bainiTa 26 vilhaNa 169, 173, 394, 402 vividhatIrthakalpa 365. 375, 418, 426, 431, 453, 462,508 vividhArthamaya sarvajJastotra 524 vivekakalikA 440, 560 vivekacandra 585 vivekaghIragaNi 362 vivekapAdapa 440, 560 vivekapramoda 380 vivekamaMjarI 408, 559 viveka maMjarI prakaraNa 234 vivekavilAsa 514 vivekasamudragaNi 221, 301, 326 vivekasAgara 567 viveka 117 vizAkhadatta 573, 574 vizAkhabhUti 485 vizAkhAcArya 235 vizAlakIrti 457, 461 vizAlarAja 207, 323, 325 vizAlalocanastotravRtti 261 vizAlAkSa 541 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vizeSaNavatI 143 vizeSavAdI 48 vizeSArthabodhikA 603 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 34, 335 vizvandi 485 vizvanAtha 28, 29, 599 vizvabhUti 90, 485 vizvabhUSaNa 166, 199, 370 vizvasenakumArakathA 334 vizvAmitra 572, 575 viSApahAra 568 viSeNa 268 viSNu 10, 185, 469, 522 viSNukumAra 142 viSNukumArakathA 373 viSNupurANa 49, 56 viSNubhaTTa 64 viSNuzarmA 103, 388 viSNuzrI 492, 494 vItarAgastava 91, 567 vItarAgastotra 569, 570 vIra 90, 444, 567 vIrakalaza 209 vIracandra 144 vIracaritrastava 565 Saare 45 vIrathui 535, 565 vIradamana 292 vIradAsa 349 vIradeva 205 vIradevamaNi 385, 386, 421 vIradezamA 261

Page #696
anukramaNikA vIradhavala 226, 404, 423, 437, 440, 501, 590, 593 vIranandi 97, 119, 477, 481, 483-485, 489 vIraprabha 107 vIraprabhasUri 107 vIrabhaktAmara 567 vIrabhadra 329, 336 vIrabhadrakathA 329 vIrabhadracaritra 329 vIrabhadrasUri 156, 295, 341 vIrabhadrAcArya 156 vIrama 414 vIramadeva 290, 414 vIramadeva tomara 414 vIramapura 463 vIravallAla 431 vIravantu 555 vIravit 46 vIravaibhava 539 vIrazreSThI 89 vIrasiMha 139 vIrasiMhasUri 439 592 vIrasUri 82, 102, 124, 205, 421 vIrasena 9,46, 48, 59, 60, 62, 103, 149, 273, 527 vIrastava 568 vIrastuti 567 vIrasvAmI 121 vIrAMgadakathA 334 vIrA 432 vIrikA 104 vIsaladeva 94, 194, 417, 418, 445,514,515 vIsA yaMtravidhi 79 vRddhagaccha 17 vRddhatapAgaccha 176, 294 vRddhavAdI 206 vRddhAcArya - prabaMdhAvali 453 vRnda 341 vRndAvanakAvya 6.03, 606 vRSabhadhvajacarita 573 vRSabhanAthacaritra 95 veNa vatsarAjAdInAM kathA 265 vetAlapaMcaviMzatikA 19, 380 vevara 309 vezanagara 473 vaitADhya 347 vairasiMha 404 vairAgyarasAyanaprakaraNa 559 vairAgyazataka 62, 560, 607 vairAgyaikasaptati 200 vairATa 158, 434 vairizAkhA 100 vairisiMha 213, 535 vaireti 486 vaizampAyana 533 vaizAlI 191, 196 vaizravaNa 577 vaizravaNakathA 334 vaizvAnara 278 vyaktAcArya 195 vyavahAracUrNi 209 683

Page #697
684 vyavahArabhASya 390 vyAghrahasti 46 vyAsa 135, 541 vratakathAkoza 52, 247, 373 zaMkha 110, 174, 406, 575 zaMkhapura 292 zaMkhasubhaTa 423 zaka 213, 472 zakaTAla 204, 234 zakuMtalA 89, 136 zakunaratnAvalI 248 zakunikAvihAra 131, 362, 438 zakra 236 zatakatraya 332, 607 zatAnIka 73 zatAnIkaputra 73 zatArthakAvya 81 zatArthIkAvya 257, 584 zatruMjaya 221, 229, 258, 315, 343, 347, 361, 363, 406, 408, 423, 433, 438, 440, 446, 467, 469, 473, 502, 593 zatruMjayakathAkoza 362 zatruMjayakalpa 182, 362 zatruMjaya kalpakathAkoza 245 zatruMjayatIrtha 312, 362, 410, 451, 452 zatruMjayatIrthodvAraprabandha 431 zatruMjaya maNDana 501 zatruMjaya mahAtIrthoddhAraprabaMdha 229, 362 zatruMjayamAhAtmya 181, 309, 360, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 362, 460, 509 zatruMjayamAhAtmyollekha 362 zatruMjayodvAra 362 zabdAnuzAsana 430 zabdAmbhojabhAskara 237 zamAmRta 589 zambukumAra 141 zaradutsavakathA 374 zaza 271 zaziprabhA 385 zAkaMbharI 221, 415, 442, 583, 588 zAkaTAyana 9, 119 zAkaTAyananyAsa 237 zANarAja seTha 103 zAnta 48 zAnti 77, 143, 524, 529, 585 zAntikIrti 110 zAntikumAra ThavalI 474 zAnticandra 10, 54, 148, 217, 219, 325, 434 zAntijinastotra 569 zAntidAsa 95 zAntinAtha 63, 64, 73, 77, 79, 86, 104-110, 130, 132,509, 593, 598 zAntinAthacarita 18, 50, 51, 78, 97, 105, 107, 126, 140, 322, 328, 342, 355, 486, 508, 598 zAntinAthapurANa 54, 104

Page #698
685 anukramaNikA zAntinAtharAjyAbhiSeka 110 zAntinAthavivAha 110 zAntipurANa 104 zAntibhaktAmara 567 zAntimatI 103 zAntimatIkathA 360 zAntirAjakavi 522 zAntiSeNa 46 zAntisudhArasa 465 zAntisundarI 585 zAntisUri 43, 129, 205, 259, 350, 351, 421, 441, 449,603, 606 zAntistotra 568 zAntIzvara 64 zAntu 446 zAntuka 448 zAmadevavAmadevakathA 334 zAmba 117, 127, 142 zAmbapradyumnacarita 145 zAradAstavana 569 zArGgadhara 502 zAGgagharapaddhati 502 zAlakSamIyakathA 334 zAlibhadra 73, 161, 168-170, 173, 194, 197, 250 zAlibhadracarita 171, 173 zAlivAhana 4, 376, 463 zAlivAhanacarita 245, 317 zAzvatacaityastava 565 zAsanacatustriMzikA 461 zAhajahA~ 432 zikSAcatuSTayakathA 265 zikhAmaNi 148 zikhi 268 zilAditya 423 zivakumArakathA 334 zivakoTi 60, 62 zivagupta 46 zivacandragaNimahattara 341 zivanidhAnopAdhyAya 212 zivaprabhasUri 161 zivabhadrakAvya 603, 606 zivamahimnastotra 555, 563 zivarAjarSicarita 194 zivahema 216 zivA 478 zivAbhirAma 98 zivArya 234-236 zivi 593 zizupAla 530 zizupAlavadha 14,18, 25, 56, 78, 219, 475, 479, 480, 486, 489, 491, 500, 501, 511, 526, 543, 555, 603, 606 ziSTa 90 ziSyahitaiSiNI 603 zihAbuddIna ahamadakhAna 433 zItalanAtha 72, 84, 98 zItA paNDita 423 zIlagaNasUri 122, 202 zIlacandra 100

Page #699
686 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zIlacandragaNi 350 zukladhyAnavIra 282 zIlacampakamAlA 359 zubhakaraNa 370 zIlataraMgiNI 354, 359 zubhakIrti 457 zIladUta 386, 416, 546, 550, zubhacandra 53, 96, 98, 119, 145, 151, 153, 165, 166, zIladeva 209 190, 191, 200, 295, zIladevasUri 328 372, 374, 458, 515, zolaprakAza 209 560, 563, 569 zIlabhadrasUri 98 zubhacandragaNi 386, 416 zolaratnasUri 550 zubhacandrAcArya 450 zIlavatI 103, 141, 257, 303, zubhamati 249 zubhavardhana 199, 265 zIlavatIkathA 353 zubhavardhanagaNi 42, 54, 112, 132, zIlavatIcaritra 353 234, 314, 322, zIlavijaya 355, 462 330, 331, 352 zIlasiMhagaNi 134 zubhazIla 264, 379 zIlasundara 359 zubhazIlagANe 139, 207, 211, zolasundarIrAsa 359 245, 247, 309, zIlasundarIzIlapatAkA 359 317, 319, 326, zIlAMka 6, 68-71, 76, 573 352, 357, 362, zIlAMkAcArya 86 363, 377, 383 zIlAcArya 69, 70 zUdraka 573 zIlAditya 361 zUdrakamuni 127 zIlAlaMkArakathA 354 zUra 344 zIlopadezamAlA 224, 325 zUrasena 175 zIlopadezamAlAvRtti 139 zUrpaNakhA 530 zukadvAsaptatikA 391 zUlapANi 90 zukapATha 135 zRGgAradarpaNa 67 zukarAja 363 . zRGgAraprakAza 526 zukarAjakathA 245, 303, 314, zRGgAramaNDana 521 362, 516 zRGgAravairAgyataraMgiNI 81, 257, zukra 541, 572 560, 562

Page #700
anukramaNikA 687 zRGgArasiMha 292 zrIcandracaritra 134 zRGgArasundarI 101 zrIcandrasUri 81, 83, 87, 129, zeSagirirAva 152 442, 443 zeSabhaTTAraka 583 zrItilakasUri 161 zailarAja 278 zrIdatta 60, 99 zaivadharma 410 zrIdattapaNDita 165 zobhana 523, 535 zrIdattA 348 zobhanamuni 568 zrIdeva 541 zobhanastutiTIkA 219 zrIdevakUpaka 121 zauryapurI 529 zrIdevI 526, 531 zramaNakezI 356 zrIdhara 149, 366, 439, 482, zramaNadvAdazIkathA 374 516, 557 zravaNabelagola 486, 558, 559 zrIdharacarita 303, 362 zravaNabelagolA 119, 451, 467, zrIdharasena 149 470, 471 zrInandi 62 zravaNabelagola 235, 485 zrInAtha 486 zravaNabelagolA 63, 189, 364 / / zrIparvata 46 zrAddhaguNasaMgraha 172, 311 zrIpAla 60, 254,291-293, 295, zrAddhaguNasaMgraha-vivaraNa 226, 274 466, 522, 566, 584 bhAddhadinakRtya 85 zrIpAlaAkhyAna 53 zrAddhadinakRtyavRtti 190 zrIpAlakathA 176, 294, 296 zrAddhavidhi 327, 331 zrIpAlagopAlakathA 172, 311, 316 zrAvakadinakRtyadRSTAntakathA 265 zrIpAlacarita 52, 248, 275, zrAvakavratakathAsaMgraha 265 290, 294 zrAvastI 90, 110, 350 zrIpAlacaritrarAsa 159 zrIkumAra 594 zrIpAladeva 119 zrIkRSNa 61, 117, 127, 144, zrIpAla varNI 53, 120 183, 178, 499, 530 zrIpuranagara 364 zrIkRSNa mizra 601,607 zrIpurapArzvanAtha 568 zrIguNanidhAnasari 144 zrIpurANa 95, 594 zrIcandra 42, 62, 132, 165, 198 zrIcandrakevalicarita 133, 177 zrIpUjya gacchAdhIza 516

Page #701
600 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zrIbhadra 132 252, 318, 340, 506, bhIbhUSaNa 54, 110, 120, 125, 507, 525, 583 195 zreNikacarita 190, 505 bhImatI 57, 58, 177, 195 zreNikadvayAbhayakAvya 190 zrImatIkathA 177 zreNikarAjakathA 190 zrImatu paNDitadevaru 559 bhImallugi 282 bheyAMsacaritra 298, 385 bhImAla 444,445,447 zreyAMsanAya 73, 84, 99 zrImAlakula 87 bheyAMsanAthacarita 50, 99 zrImAlavaMza 520 bheSTiputra 103 bhImAlI 239 zvetAtapatrA nagarI 485 zrIvarmA 482 zvetAmbara jaina dhAtupratimAlekha-saMgraha zrIvallabha 45, 218, 435 zrIvallabhabhaktAmara 567 SaTakhaNDAgama 3, 450 zrIvijaya 196 SatriMzatjalpa 465 bhIvijayagaNi 604, 605 SaTtriMzatjalpavicAra 358 zrISeNa 249 SaTaprAbhUta 234, 248 zrISeNakumArAdikathA 265 SaTayAbhUtaTIkA 248 bhIharSa 14, 135, 217, 267, SaTasthAnakaprakaraNa 238 475, 581, 596, 606 SaTsthAnakavRtti 495 zrutakIrti 55, 96, 272, 275, SaDAvazyakavRtti 354, 383 525 SaDdarzananirNaya 312 zrutakIrti vidya 528 SaDdarzanasamuccaya254, 489, 550 zrutapaJcamIkathA 365 SaSThAMgopaniSad 49 zrutasAgara 198, 248, 283, 290, SoDazakAraNakathA 374 295, 325, 369, 371- muMkAzavika 113 374, 378, 541, 558 saMkAzazrAvakakathA 325 zrutAvatAra 46, 450 saMkisa 535 zrutigupta 46 saMkSipsataraMgavatI 335 zreNika 73, 74, 160,168, 170, saMgamaka 169 177, 190-192, 194, saMgItamaNDana 521

Page #702
manukramaNikA 689 saMgrahaNIratna 87 magaracakricarita 129 saMgrAmasUra 325 sagaracakrI 72 saMgrAmasUrakathA 325 sajana 366 saMghatilakasUri 356 sajjanacittavallabha 560 saMghadAsagaNi 34, 44, 141, 143, saNaMkumAracariya 129 saNDilla 124 saMghapaticarita 226, 258, 408 saNDerakagaccha 441 saMghavIra 125 saNDeragrAma 446 saMghAcArabhASya 85 sattapogaccha 416 saMghAcAravidhi 323 muttarisayathotta 565 saMDera 447 satyaMdhara 151 saMtinAhacariya 86 satyakizreSThI 99 saMdhyAkaranandi 528 satyakI 244 saMbohasattarI 294 satyapura 303, 516 saMbhavanAtha 96 satyabhAmA 142, 145, 146, 148 saMbhavanAthacaritra 96 satyarAjagaNi 174, 176, 294, 384 saMyamaratnasUri 321 satyavAkya 594 saMvara 101 satyaharizcandra 575 saMvibhAgavatakathA 334 satyAcArya 174, 175 saMvegaraMgazAlA 91, 234, 238, sadayavatsakumArakathA 326 241 sadbhASitAvalI 52 sakalakIrti 42, 51, 54, 64, 66, sanatkumAra 73, 101, 130, 132, 95, 104, 112, 125, 142, 244, 250, 268, 130, 145, 157, 168, 492-494,583 / 172.194, 198,200, sanatkumAracarita 18, 129, 492 247, 264, 283, 290, sanatkumArAdikathAsaMgraha 265 295, 299, 373, 457, sandezarAsaka 561 477, 515, 563 sandehadhvAntadIpikA 606 sakalacandra 130, 155, 217, 219 sanmaticaritra 126 sakalaharSa 155 sanmatitaka 214 sakalAhastotraTIkA 261 sapAdalakSa 583, 588 sagara 60, 129, 143 saptatikAbhASya 550

Page #703
690 saptatizata jinastotra 565 saptadazaprakArakathA 374 saptahnivakathA 265 saptavyasanakathA 147, 264, 290 saptasaMdhAna 523, 524 saptasaMdhAna mahAkAvya 78 samantabhadra 48, 60, 235, 287, 565, 566 samayasundara 372, 380, 465, 523, 524, 567, 604 samayasundaragaNi 161 samayasundaropAdhyAya 212, 605, 606 samara ketu 97, 532, 533 samarabhAnucaritra 270 samaramiyaMkAkA 269 samarasa 410 samarasiMha 229 samarasena 344 samarAiccakahA 105, 142, 156, 266, 270, 283, 285, 288, 338, 341, 342, 540 samarAditya 267, 268 samarAdityakathA 39, 86 samarAdityacarita 24, 50, 270 samarAdityasaMkSepa 270, 342 samarAzAha 229, 431 samavAyAMga 5, 34, 67 samAdhitantraTIkA 237 samitiguptikaSAyakathA 264 samIraNavRtta 139 samudragupta 394, 396, 436 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa samudraghoSasUri 127 samudravijaya 142, 478, 479 samudrasUri 347 samudrasena 422 samprati 202, 204, 317 sampratinRpacarita 317 sambhavanAtha 72 sammedazikhara 89, 460, 461 samyaktvakaumudI 249, 260, 282 samyaktvakaumudIkathA 260 samyaktvakaumudI kathAkoSa 260 samyaktvakaumudIkathAnaka 260 samyaktvakaumudIcaritra 260 samyaktvasaptati 217 samyaktvasaptatikA 356 samyaktvasvarUpastava 565 samyaktvAlaMkArakAvya 301 saramA 572 sarasvatI 59, 119, 213, 520, 525, 535, 984 sarasvatIgaccha 117, 130, 248, 290, 450, 459 sarasvatIbhaktAmara 567 sarasvatImaMtrakalpa 65, 150 sarasvatIstotra 568 sarvaGgala 127 sarvacandra 605 sarvajinapatistuti 566 sarvajanasAdhAraNastavana 251 sarvadeva 257, 535 sarvadevagaNa 87

Page #704
* anukramaNikA sarvadevasUri 129, 171, 175, 202, sAgavAr3A 51, 53 sAgAradharmAmRta 484, 505 sarvarAjagaNi 452 sAcora 443 sarvavijayagaNi 199, 216, 229 sAcaura 303 sarvasundara 254 sADhala 164 sarvasundarasUri 332, 334 sAtavAhana 128, 209, 213, 246, sarvAnanda 81, 227 249, 317, 323, 335, sarvAnandasUri 81,98,120, 123, 426-428 124 sAtyaki 500 salIma 433, 434 sAdhukIrti 552 saletore 240 sAdhupUrNimAgaccha 379 sallakhaNapura 115 sAdhurasna 378 sahajakIti 607 sAdhuvijaya 199 sahajapAla 431 sAdhusundara 552 sahajasAgara 147 sAdhusomagaNi 83 sahalamallacaurakathA 331 sAntUmaMtrI 423 sahAbadIna 411 sAmanta 344 sAMkAzya 535 sAmaveda 563 sAMgaNa 115 sAmAyikapATha 273 sAMDeragaccha 320 sAmba 44, 147 sAMbhara 583, 588 sAmbapradyumnacarita 147 sAutha iNDiyana inskripzansa 469 sAmbamuni 297 sAketa 110, 279 sAraMgadeva 418, 445 sAgaracandra 121, 331, 445 mAraMgapura 249 sAgaracandrakathA 331 sAracaturSizatikA 52 sAgaracandrasUri 353 sArasvatamaNDana 521 sAgaratilakagaNi 254 sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba 571 sAgaradatta 338, 339, 359 sArthapati 344 sAgarapreSThikathA 331 sArthapatidhana 344 sAgarasaMvignazAkhA 456 sArthavAhadhana 344 sAgarasUri 213 sAvaNavADA 444 sAgaraseTha 331 sAvadhAcAryakathA 334

Page #705
192 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sAiNa 431 sAhasamallakathA 334 sAhityadarpaNa 598 sAhujI 453 siMdhI 14 siMdha 149, 453 siMha 101, 268, 344, 485 / siMhaNa 591 siMhanandi 236, 317, 374 siMhapura 558 siMhapramoda 380 siMhabala 46 siMharatha 145, 161, 163 siMharAja 411 siMhala 142, 165 siMhaladvIpa 306, 363 siMhalanareza 496 siMhavimalagaNi 217 siMhasUri 248 siMhasena 46, 386 siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA 167, 380 sikA 469 siddhaguNastotra 568 siddhacakrakathA 372, 374 siddhacakrastava 565 siddhacakrASTakaTIkA 248 sicandragaNi 605 siddhajayantIcaritra 201 siddhapaMcAzikA 190 siddhapAla 584 siddhamahAkavi 129 siddharAja 83, 342, 399, 401, 402, 421, 423, 444 siddharAja jayasiMha 9, 18, 397, 400, 430, 442, 448, 585, 587 siddharSi 86, 128, 134, 177, 206, 280, 281, 342 siddharSigaNi 276 siddhasUri 82, 229, 296, 362 siddhasena 46, 48, 60,84, 96, 205, 214, 282, 375, 385, 396, 566, 568 siddhasenagaNi 538 siddhasenacarita 214 siddhasena divAkara 128, 374, 380, 394, 436 siddhasenasUri 96 siddhahema 423 siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana 396 siddhAMtAgamastava 568 siddhAntaratnikAvyAkaraNa 353 siddhAntaruci 83, 324 siddhAntasAradIpaka 52 siddhAntasArAdisaMgraha 572 siddhArtha 90 siddhicandra 435 siddhicandragaNi 219, 603, 605 siddhipriyastotra 567 sinora 263 sindUraprakara 560 sindhu 194, 196, 415 siddhabhakti 565, 567 siddhabhaktiTIkA 248

Page #706
anukramaNikA sugamAnvayA 604 sugAtra 185 suguNakumArakathA 334 sugrIva 35, 182, 525, 530, sindhudeza 213, 464 sindhurAja 146, 476 sindhula 476 siripAlacariu 296 sirivAlakahA 293 siroDI 263 sirohI 465 sI. eca. TAnI 240 sI0 ema0 bAbarA 26 sItA 35, 11,70, 143, 182, 525, 530, 579, 597 sItAcaritra 39, 40, 43 sItAcariya 69 sItAviraha 321 sIyA 443 sIlaMka 69 sukaMTha 149 su0 ku0 De 579 sukumAlacarita 52, 299 sukRtakIrtikallolinI 403, 409, sugrIvacaritra 182 sucandrAcArya 151 sutArA 106, 107, 509, 575 sudaMsaNacariu 198 sudaMsaNacariya 363 sudaMsaNAcariya 131 sudattAcArya 285 sudarzana 194, 197, 198, 363 sudarzanacarita 52, 197, 208 sudarzanapura 163, 352 sudarzanaseTha 202 sudarzanA 363, 364 sudarzanAkathAnaka 363 sudarzanAcarita 190, 201 sudharma 344 sudharmA 40, 42, 195, 449 sudharmAgaccha 81, 98, 123, 164, sukRtasaMkIrtana 26, 403, 437, 441, 514 sukRtasAgara 228, 331, 383, 418 sukozalacarita 299 sukosalacariu 299 sukauzalamuni 299 sukhabodhA 217 sukhabodhA-TIkA 308 sugandhadazamIkathA 369 sudharmAsvAmI 155, 156, 263 sudhAbhUSaNa 323, 370 sunaMdA 517 sunakSatracaritra 334 sundaragaNi 367 sundaranRpa 330 sundaranRpakathA 330 sundaraprakAzazabdArNava 67

Page #707
694 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sundarabAhu 127 sundararAjArAsa 330 sundarI 535 sundha pahAr3I 19 sundhAdri 467, 469 supArzva 96 supAzvacarita 81 supArzvanAtha 81, 82 supAsanAhacariya 81, 335, 358, supuruSacarita 34, 39 supratiSThitanagara 169 subandhu 341, 536, 539, 605 subAlA 61 subAhukathA 329 subAhusaMdhi 329 subuddhi 102, 184, 496 subodhikA 548, 606 subodhinI 604, 606 subhaTa 502, 589 subhadrA 183, 359, 360, 499, 500, 513, 596 subhadrAcarita 183, 359 subhadrAnATikA 594, 596 subhAnu 142 subhASitakoza 563 subhASitagrantha 563 subhASitamuktAvali 491 subhASitaratnakoza 563 subhASitaratnasandoha 273, 560,562 subhASitaratnAvalI 563 subhASitaSatriMzikA 563 subhASitasamudra 563 subhASitANava 563 subhASitAvalI 563 subhUma 264 subhauma 130 subhaumacarita 130 131 sumaMgalA 517, 518 sumaInAhacariya 80 sumati 127 sumatikIrti 457, 458 sumatigaNi 300, 452 sumatinAtha 80 sumatinAthacaritra 257, 584, 585 sumativardhana 269, 309 sumativAcaka 89, 91 sumativijaya 604, 605 sumativinaya 605 sumatisaMbhava 199, 216, 229 sumatisambhavakAvya 215, 432 sumatisAgara 180 sumatisAdhu 199, 215, 216 sumatihaMsa 212 sumanagopAlacaritra 334 sumitra 101, 503 subhitrakathA 322 sumitracaritra 322 sumitrA 101, 579 sumukhanRpatikAvya 321 sumukhanRpAdimitracatuSkakathA 321 suyodhana 260 suradatta 103 surapattana 117

Page #708
695 manukramaNikA surapriyamuni 324 surapriyamunikathA 262 surapriyamunikathAnaka 324 surasundara 331 surasundaranRpakathA 331 surasundarI 291, 292, 347, 348 surasundarIkathA 238 surasundarIcaritra 349 surasundarIcariya 347 surasena 101 surASTra 478, 591 surendrakIrti 100, 114, 139, 371 surendradatta 103 sulakSaNa 344 sulasa 506 sulasA 73, 195, 202, 245, 250 sulasAcarita 202 sulocanA 56, 127, 160, 178, 511, 516, 596, 597 sulocanAkathA 34, 39, 48, 178 sulocanAcarita 53, 178, 179, 180 sulocanAnATaka 179, 596 sulocanAvivAhanATaka 178 suvarNabhadrAcAryacaritra 334 suvarNabhUmi 142, 209, 213 suvarNAcala 364 suvidhi 557 suvrata 324 suvrataRSikathAnaka 324 sutratA 352, 487, 488 suvratAAryA 335, 336 suSeNa 184, 487, 488 susaDha 330 susaDhacarita 330 susumArapura 313 susthitAcArya 507 suhastasUri 349 suhasti 299 sUktamuktAvalI 257, 584 sUktaratnAvalI 253 sUktAvalI 514 sUktimuktAvalI 87, 501, 502, 527, 560, 6.30 sUktiratnAvalI 218 sUtrakRtAMga 70, 177, 564 sUdI 468 sUyagaDa 245 sUyapaJcamIkahA 366 sUracandra 101, 209, 219, 606 .sUrata 54, 198, 263, 457, 458, sUrata 14 464,465, 553 sUradatta 368 sUrasenA 239 sUrA 432 sUrAcArya 115, 205, 281, 421, sUrimaMtrasArobAra 550 sUrpanakhA 68 sUrya 519, 520, 536, 572 sUryaprabha 485 sUryayazAkathA 360 sUryazataka 563 sUryasahasranAma 434

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696 sUryasahasranAmastotra 569 sUryAbhadeva 572 seThAnI 103 seDuka brAhmaNa 506 setubaMdha 14 sena 13, 268 senagaNa 456 senagaNa-paTTAvalI 450 senasaMgha 41 senAnvaya 46, 62 sojitrA 54 sonAgira 364 soma 115, 405, 430 somakIrti 145, 146, 264, 283, 290, 295, 299, 515 somakula 282 somakuzalagaNi 261, 368 somacandra 244 somacandragaNi 244, 295 somacaritragaNi 216 somatA 585 somatilaka 567 somatilakasUri 139, 208, 353, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 560, 585, 596 somaprabhasUri 86, 584 somaprabhAcArya 80, 139, 257, 375, 522, 562 somabhImAdikathA 265 somamaMDanagaNi 309, 315 somamunikathA 334 somavijaya 455 somazarmA 103, 305, 388 somazrI 384 somazrIkathA 360 somasirI 142 somasundara 172, 177, 211, 215, 245, 274, 309, 383 somasundaragaNi 168, 215, 216, 226 somasundarasUri 215, 216, 226, 311, 316, 321 somasUri 378 somasena 42, 145, 456 somasaubhAgyakAvya 215 somezvara 129, 401, 418, 440, 445, 502 soyAmaNi 572 soraTha 443 solahakAraNapUjA 52 saudharmayati 497 saundarananda 14, 25, 332 saubhAgyanandi 227, 373 saubhAgyapaMcamI 367 saubhAgyapaMcamIkathA 262, 365, 366 saubhAgyasAgara 275 somatilaka-somaprabha 560 somadatta 96 somadattA 308 somadeva 9, 207, 278, 283, 287, 391, 538, 541 somadevasUri 216, 540, 562 somanAtha 410 somaprabha 75, 79, 171, 224,

Page #710
anukramaNikA saubhAgya sundarIkathA 360 saubhAgyasUri 295 saumya mUrtigaNi 346 saura 45 saurASTra 45, 117, 147, 217, 220, 361, 410, 442 sauryapura 54 sauvIra 194, 196 skandila 509 skandagupta 436 sTorI Apha kAlaka 213 staMbhatIrtha 103, 438 staMbhanaka 426, 566 staMbhanaka pArzvaninastava 565 staMbhanaka pArzvanAtha 91 staMbhapArzvastava 567 stabaka 244 stutitridazataraMgiNI 253 stotraratnakoSa 269 sthavirAvalI 70, 426, 451 sthavirAvalIcarita 203 sthAnakaprakaraNaTIkA 86 sthAnasiMha 217 sthUlabhadra 160, 204, 208, 257, 550, 551, 602 sthUlabhadraguNa mAlA mahAkAvya 209 sthUlabhadracarita 208 sthUlabhadranATaka 602 smaranarendrAdikathA 265 syAdizabdasamuccaya 514 syAdvAdakalikA 253, 429 syAdvAdadIpikA 428 syAdvAdaratnAkara 587 syAdvAdasiddhi 153 svayaMprabha 118 svayaMprabhA 485 svayambhU 9, 14, 40, 73, 76, 595, 597 svayambhUdeva 338, 340 svayambhUstotra 564, 566 svarNazekhara 103 svarNAcalamAhAtmya 364 sviphTa 272 haMsa 101 haMsakezava 101 haMsacandra 328 haMsapAlakathA 334 haMsa ratna 280, 362 haMsarAja 332 haMsarAjavaccharAjarAsa 332 haMsarAja - vatsarAjakathA 332 haMsavijayagaNi 560 haMsAvalI 376 haMsAvalI kathA 360 haNAdarA 263 thaMDI 466, 467 hanasoge 64 697 hanumAna 35, 132, 183, 461, 525, 530, 580, 595 hanumAnacarita 139 hanUmancaritra 139 hanUmAna 139

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198 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa hanti 400 234, 259, 269,272, hammIra 225, 411-414, 590 281, 283, 288,298, hammIramadamardana 225, 409, 439, 325, 341, 356,408, 443,540, 559, 561 hammIramadamardananATaka 40 haribhadrasUricarita 215 hammIramahAkAvya 18,22,225, 411, harivaMza 39, 43, 46, 187, 241 591,600 harivaMzakula 51,143 haragovindadAsa 215 harivaMzacariu 179 harigupta 341 harivaMzacariya 39, 48, haricandra 18, 104, 110, 133, harivaMzapurANa 6, 34, 42, 52, 54, 151, 477, 481, 484, 55, 60, 66, 73, 489, 490-492, 543 95, 126, 131,157, haricandrakathA 133 179, 187, 235,256, hariNI 349 442, 450, 548, 572 haridatta 301 harivaMzotpatti 34 haridattamUri 528 harivaMsuppatti 39, 48 haridAsa zAstrI 38 harivarSa 34, 39, 48 haridevakavi 282 harivAhana 531, 532, 533 haribalakathA 330 harivega 175 haribalacarita 330 harizcandra 14, 575 haribaladhIvara 330 harizcandratArAlocanIcarita 360 haribaladhIvaracarita 330 harizcandranRpatikathAnaka 334 haribalasaMbandha 330 hariSeNa 47, 73, 114, 117, haribhadra 39, 84, 128, 143, 131, 198, 207, 234, 156, 160, 206, 271, 235, 243, 249, 256, 273, 285, 329, 331, 272, 283, 286, 289, 332, 341, 449, 452, 291, 299, 319, 320, 328-332, 346, 371, haribhadrakathA 215 394, 396, 449, 485 haribhadraprabandha 215 hariSeNakathAkoSa 442 haribhadrasUri 76, 81, 83, 87, 105, hariSeNacaritra 131 129, 140, 203, 215, hariSeNa-prazasti 436

Page #712
388 anukramaNikA 699 harisena 560 hAbsa 26 harihara 427, 428, 502 hAyanasundara 67 harTala 388-390 hAlIka 73 harmana yAkobI 38, 130, 203 hitopadeza 240, 246, 256, 367, harSa 427, 428, 573 harSakuMjara 322 hiraNyapura 364 harSakuzala 244 hIraka Arya 208 harSacarita 23, 394, 491, 531 hIrakalazagaNi 140 harSadeva 104 hIravijaya 10, 147, 148, 218, haSapura 443 316, 433, 434, 465 harSapurIyagaccha 17, 50, 82, 87, hIravijayasUri 78, 201, 216, 88, 251, 254, 220, 355, 455 428, 439, 442 hIravijayasUrirAsa 217 harSapramoda 110 hIravijayasUrIzvara 117 harSabhUSaNagaNi 110 hIrasaubhAgyakAvya 434 harSavardhana 394 hIrasaubhAgyamahAkAvya 217, 433 harSavardhanagaNi 387 hIrAdevI 411, 413 harSasamudravAcaka 167 hIrAnanda zAstrI 465 harSasAgara 166, 323 hIrAlAla jaina 165, 307, 396, harSasiMhagaNi 249 451, 470, 471 hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA 571 harSasUri 295 huNDikacorakathA 334 halAyudha 402 . hutAzinIkathA 370 hallavihalla 73 hastasaMjIvana 78 humAyU~ 67, 332, 432 hastinApura 110, 178, 194, 303, hummaca 189, 190 347, 348, 427,492, hUMbaDa 52, 447, 549 497, 525, 596 hemakuMjara 283, 290 hastinApurI 529 hemakumAracarita 257 hastimalla 95, 179, 450, 573, hemakaumudI 78 593, 594,596, 597, hemacandra 6, 9, 17, 21, 28, 598 34, 41, 49, 70, 74, hAthIgumphA 466, 467, 468 125, 128, 130, 138,

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jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 160, 171, 203, 223, hemavijayagaNi 218, 252 224, 226, 293, 350, hemavimala 167 355, 391, 397, 400, hemazrI 359 410, 415, 419, 420, hemasUri 246 423, 430, 443, 453, hemasena 373 490, 492, 522, 529, hemasoma 125 559, 561, 566, 570, hemAnArya 254 573, 582, 585 haimavyAkaraNa 396 hemacandrasUri 50, 82, 87, 115, haimazabdacandrikA 78 129, 257, 294, haimazabdaprakriyA 78 396, 410, 421 hairaka 215 hemacandrAcArya 86, 109, 154, holikAcaritra 53 321, 445 holikAparvakathA 370 hematilaka 294 holikAvyAkhyAna 369 hematila kasUri 293 holirajaHparvakathA 370 hemaratnasUri 133 hozaMgazAha 519, 520 hemarAja 263 hozaMgazAha gorI 431 hemavijaya 125, 388 hrasvakathAsaMgraha 265

Page #714
sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI akabara ANi jainadharma, sUrIzvara ANi samrAT. anagAradharmAmRta - TIkA. anekAnta. anekArthaka sAhitya saMgraha, ahamadAbAda, 1935. arlI cauhAna DAinesTIja : dazaratha zarmA, dehalI, 1959. oNna dI liTarecara oNpha dI zvetAMbarsa : je0 harTala, lAipajiga, 1922. AvazyakacUrNi Avazyaka niyukti. Avazyaka - hAribhadrIyavRtti. iNDiyana eNTikyUrI upAsakAdhyayana : saMpA0 - paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, vArANasI, 1944. RSibhASitasUtra : anu0 - manohara muni, bambaI, 1963. epigrAphiyA iNDikA. kAvyAnuzAsana : hemacandra. kAvyAlaMkAra : bhAmaha. kAvyAmbudhi. keTelaoNga oNpha saMskRta eNDa prAkRta menyuskripTsa, bhA0 4, ahamadAbAda, 1968. kriTikala sTaDI oNpha paumacariyaM : ke0 Ara0 candra. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRtigrantha, sAgara, 1967. candAbAI abhinandana grantha, sarasAvA, 1949. jarnala oNpha amerikana oriyaNTala sosAiTI. jarnala oNpha oriyaNTala iMsTiTyUTa.

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702 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jarnala oNpha oriyaNTala risarca. jarnala oNpha baoNmbe brAMca oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI. jarnala oNpha yU0 pI0 hisTorikala sosAiTo. jarnala oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI. jinaratnakoza : hari dAmodara velaNakara, pUnA, 1944. jaina gurjara kavio : mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, bhAga 1 - 3, bambaI, 1926-1931. jaina pustaka prazastisaMgraha : saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, bambaI, 1943. jaina pratimAlekhasaMgraha : buddhisAgarasUri, bhAga 1. jaina lekhasaMgraha : pUraNacaMda nAhara, bhAga 1, kalakattA. jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2 - 3, bambaI, 1957. jaina saMdeza. jaina satyaprakAza. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : paM0 nAthUrAma premI, bambaI, 1956. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1 - 5, vArANasI, 1966-69. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa : mo0 da0 desAI, bambaI, 1933. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka jaina siddhAnta bhAskara. jaina hitaiSI. jainijma ina gujarAta : sI0 bI0 zeTha, bambaI, 1953. DiskripTiva kaiTelaoNga oNpha menyuskripTsa : sI0 DI0 dalAla, bhA0 1, baDaudA, 1959. terahavIM - caudahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya : DA0 zyAmazaMkara dIkSita, jayapura, 1969. tharDa riporTa oNpha oNparezansa ina sarca oNpha saMskRta menyuskripTsa : baoNmbe sarkala. dvivedI abhinaMdana grantha.

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sahAyaka prayoMkI sUcI dharmavidhiprazasti. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA. nATyadarpaNa-e kriTikala sTaDI : ke0 eca0 trivedI, ahamadAbAda, 1966. noTiseja oNpha saMskRta menyuskripTsa, bhAga 2. nyU iNDiyana eNTikyUrI. paTTAvalI-parAgasaMgraha : paM0 kalyANavijayagaNi, jAlora, 1966. paTTAvalI-samuccaya : saMpA0-muni darzanavijaya, bhAga 1, vIramagAma, 1933. pAiya bhASAo ane sAhitya : pro0 hau0 ra0 kApar3iyA. paoNliTikala hisTrI oNpha naoNrdarna iNDiyA phraoNma jaina sorseja : jI. sI. caudharI, amRtasara, 1963. purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha : saMpA0-muni jinavijaya, kalakattA, 1936. prazastisaMgraha : paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI. prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya : DA. jagadIzacandra jaina, ahamadAbAda, 1971. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa : DA0 nemi candra zAstrI, vArANasI, 1966. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : DA. jagadIzacandra jaina, vArANasI, 1961. premI abhinandana grantha, TIkamagar3ha, 1946. prosIDiMgsa oNpha oNla iNDiyA oriyaNTala kaoNnphareMsa. SAbU choTelAla jaina smRtigrantha. bIkAnera jaina lekhasaMgraha : saMpA0-agaracanda nAhaTA, kalakattA, vI0 saM. 2482. vuleTina oNpha dI skUla oNpha oriyaNTala sTaDIja. bhaTTAraka sampradAya : DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara, solApura, 1958. bhAratIya itihAsa-eka dRSTi : DA. jyotiprasAda jaina, vArANasI, 1961. bhAratIya vidyA. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, mopAla, 1992.

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7 . 4 jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, dillI, 1971. madhyabhAratI patrikA. marudhara kezarI abhinandana grantha, jodhapura, vi0 saM0 2025. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaNDala aura saMskRta sAhitya meM usakI dena : DA0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, vArANasI, 1959. mahAvagga. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava grantha, khaNDa 1-2, bambaI, 1968. mUlArAdhanA-TIkA. yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha, khuDAlA (rAja.), vi0 saM0 2015. yazastilaka eNDa iNDiyana kalcara : ke0 ke0 hAMdikI, solApura, 1949. yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana : DA. gokula candra jaina, vArANasI, 1967. rasagaMgAdhara : paM. jagannAtha, bambaI, 1939. rAjapUtAnA myUjiyama riporTa, 1927. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstrabhaNDAroM kI sUcI, bhAga 2, jayapura, 1954. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva : DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura, 1961. rAjasthAna bhAratI. rAjendrasUri smRtigrantha, khuDAlA, 1957. lAipha oNpha hemacandra : jaoNrja buhalara, kalakattA, 1931. varNI abhinandana grantha. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra : vAgbhaTa. vikAsa. vikrama vaoNlyUma, ujjaina, 1946. vikramsa eDaveMcarsa : epha0 hAravarDa, 1926. vijayavallabhasUri smAraka grantha, bambaI, 1956.

Page #718
sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI vIyanA oriyaNTala jarnala. vIra. vIravANI. velaNakara kammemorezana vaoNlyUma, bambaI, 1965. zodhapatrikA. zramaNa. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna : DA. nemicandra zAstrI, vArANasI, 1971, saMskRta DrAmA : e0 bI0 kItha, laMdana, 1954. saMskRta dvayAzrayakAvyamA madhyakAlIna gujarAtanI sAmAjika sthiti: rA0 cu* modI, ahamadAbAda, 1942. sTeNDarDa DikzanarI oNpha phokalora, mAitholojI eNDa lIjeNDa, ___ bhA0 1, nyUyaoNrka, 1949. suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya : DA. umAkAnta zAha, vArANasI, 1956. haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana : DA. nemicandra zAstrI, mujaphpharapura, 1965. hisTaoNrikala iMskripazansa oNpha gujarAta : jI. vI. AcArya, bhA. 2, bambaI, 1935. hisTro oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara : ema0 viNTaranitsa, bhA0 2, kalakattA, 1933. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara : ema0 viNTaranitsa, bhA0 3, khaM0 1, vArANasI, 1963. hisTrI oNpha klAsikala saMskRta liTarecara : ema0 kRSNamAcArI, ___madrAsa, 1937. hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara : esa0 ke0 de, kalakattA, 1947. hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara : e0 bI0 kItha. hemacandrAcArya-jIvana-caritra : kastUramala bAMThiyA, vArANasI, 1967.

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zuddhi-vRddhipatra pR0 96 96 104 109 115 116 paM0 azuddha zuddha 19 padyaprabha padyaprabha padyanAbha ( bhAvI prathama tIrthakara ) 19-23 bhAvI prathama tIrthakara ke carita haiM, na ki chaThe tIrthaMkara padyaprabha ke| 5 indrahaMsagaNikRta racanA vimala maMtrI se sambaddha hai, na ki vimalanAtha tIrthaMkara se| 16 isake racayitA bhaTTA0 sakalakIrti haiM jinakA paricaya pahale diyA gayA hai| 21 udayaprabhakRta neminAthacarita dharmAbhyudaya kAvya kA hI aMza hai, koI svataMtra kAvya nhiiN| 15 kIrtirAja upAdhyAya yahI Age kIrtiratnasUri hue aura saM0 1495 hI grantharacanAkAla hai| bhaTTAraka yuga meM prathama bhAvI tIrthaMkara padmanAbha para kaI racanAe~ likhI giiN| inakI anya racanA munisuvratacarita hai| svIDiza bhASA meM bhI isakA anuvAda prakAzita huA hai| azokacandra ( yaha rohiNI-azokacandranRpakathA kA pAtra hai|) 18 ajAputra ( aSTama tIrthaMkara ke prathama gaNadhara ) purudevacampU ke pahale 12vIM zatI meM jinabhadrasUri ne eka madanarekhAkhyAyikAcampUlikhA thaa| yaha prakAzita ho cukA hai| bhUla se paricaya nahIM diyaa| pR0 352 meM isakA ullekha anya prasaMga meM kiyA gayA hai| 126 128 140 320 543

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hamAre mahattvapUrNa prakAzana 1. Studies in Jaina PhilosopySit! Dr. Nathamal Tatia 100.00 2. Jaina Temples of Western India Dr. Harihar Singh 200.00 3. Jaina Epistemology _I.C. Shastri 150.00 4. Concept of Paricasila in Indian Thought Dr. Kamla Jain 50.00 5. Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy Dr. J.C. Sikdar 150.00 6. Jaina Theory of Reality Dr. J.C. Sikdar 150.00 7. Jaina Perspective in Philosophy & Religion Dr. Ramji Singh 100.00 8. Aspects of Jainology (Complete Set : Vols. 1 to 7) * 2200.00 9. An Introduction 1 ) Jaina Sadhana Dr. Sagarmal Jain 40.00 10. Pearls of Jaina Wisdom ! 1 Dulichand Jain 120.00 11. Scientific Contents in Prakrit Canons NL. Jain 300.00 12. The Heritage of the Last Arhat : Mahavira C.Krause20.00 13. The Path of Arhat AT.U. Mehta 100.00 _14. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa sAta khaNDa) 630.00 15. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa : cAra khaNDa) 760.00 16. jaina pratimA vijJAna- DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI 150.00 17. paMcAdhyAyoM meM pratipAdita jaina darzana--- DaoN0 (zrImatI) manoramA jaina 125.00 18. vajjAlagga (hindI anuvAda sahita)- paM0 vizvanAtha pAThaka 80.00 19. prAkRta hindI kAga-NLO mpAdaka DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra 200.00 20. jaina dharma aura tAntrika sAdhanA- kApro0 sAgaramala jaina 350.00 21. gAthA saptazatI (hindI anuvAda sahita)- paM0 vizvanAtha pAThaka 60.00 22. sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI (tIna khaNDa)- pro0 sAgaramala jaina 300.00 23. guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa- AATA pro0 sAgaramala jaina 60.00 24. bhAratIya jIvana mUlya- HINRNA DaoN0 surendra varmA 75.00 25. nalavilAsanATa kam- sampAdaka DaoN0 surezacandra pANDe 60.00 25. anekAntavAda aura pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatAvAda- DaoN0 rAjendra kumAra siMha 150.00 27. dazAzrutaskaMdha niyuktiH eka adhyayana- DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha 125.00 28. pAzcAzaka-prakaraNam (hindI anu0 sahita) anu0 DaoN0 dInAnAtha zarmA 250.00 29. siddhasena divAkara : vyaktila evaM kRtitva- DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya 100.00 30. jaina dharma kI pramukha sAdhviyA~ evaM mahilAe~- hIrAbAI boradiyA 50.00 31. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma- DaoN0 (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina 160,00 32. bhArata kI jaina guphAe~ DaoN0 harihara siMha 150.00 33. mahAvIra nirvANabhUmi pAvA : eka vimarza- bhAgavatIprasAda khetAna 60.00 34. mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DaoN0 phUlacandra jaina 80.00 35. jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana DaoN0 zivaprasAda 100.00 36. bauddha pramANa-mI mAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA--- DaoN0 dharmacandra jaina 200.00 - pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-5 Jayapatun or P & Personale M ainelibrary.org