Jain Dharm Vaidik Dharm Ki Sanskrutik Ekta Ek Sinhavlokan

Author(s): Subhadramuni
Publisher: University Publication
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006297/1

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/ navadharma evaM vadika dharma kI sAMskRtika [katA eka sihAvalokana NAVA CARTO 24Times E LATION AN MANOR - AcArya subhadra muni AcArya subhadra muni

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jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA

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jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA lekhaka: saMghazAstA, jainazAsanasUrya, AcAryakalpa gurudeva munizrI rAmakRSNa jI mahArAja ke suziSya, vidyAvAcaspati, saMghazAstA AcArya zrI subhadra muni jI mahArAja yUnivarsiTI pablikezana naI dillI- 110002

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prakAzaka saMskaraNa : 2008 ISBN: 81-7555-124-4 mUlya : rupaye 900.00 prakAzaka : yUnivarsiTI pablikezana 7/31, aMsArI ror3a, dariyAgaMja naI dillI-110002 mudraka : taruna AphasaiTa facct-110 053

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5555 %%%%%%%% % %% 55 5 dododo doteu 5 purovAka Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting 5 isa duniyA meM azAMti va tanAva kA jo vAtAvaraNa hai, usakA pramukha kAraNa hai-satya ko na jaannaa| sArI kaThinAiyoM va samasyAoM kA mUla hai-satya kI jAnakArI na honA / satya kaa| yathArtha darzana hI vaha prAthamika bhUmikA hai jahAM se AtmakalyANa kA mArga prazasta hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- saccaM khI bhagavaM (praznavyAkaraNa- 2/2), arthAt satya hI bhagavAn hai| satya kA darzana bhagavAn kA sAkSAtkAra hai| satya aura bhagavAn kI samatA kA sambhavataH eka kAraNa yaha hai ki jaise bhagavAna nirvikAra hote| haiM, vaise hI satya kA svarUpa bhI nirvikAra va pakSapAtahIna hotA hai| rAga-dveSa ke vikAra satya para asatya kI kalaMkita chAyA (AvaraNa) , DAla dete haiM aura satya ke yathArtha darzana meM bAdhaka banate haiN| vikAragrasta vyakti ko satya kA darzana nahIM ho paataa| vaha kabhIkabhI asatya ko satya aura satya ko asatya samajha baiThatA hai| + + + + + + + + + + + + satya ke darzana meM bAdhAeM koI bhI vastu svayaM meM acchI yA burI nahIM hotii| vastu kA mAtra vastu rUpa honA 'satya' hai| kintu sAMsArika vyakti.. parAgavaza use acchA mAnatA hai| jaba ki dveSavaza dUsarA vyakti use . +

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55555555555555555 555 OM burA samajhatA hai| usa vastu para acchA yA burA hone kA Aropa usa vastu ke yathArtha darzana ko AvRta kara detA hai| isIlie # upaniSad kA RSi prArthanA karatA hai:- hiraNmayena pAtreNa, asatyasyApihitaM mukham / tattvaM pUSannapAvRNu satyadharmAya dRSTaye a (bRhadA. upa.-5/15/1), arthAt 'svarNima pAtra ne satya ko Dhaka OM rakhA hai, he sUrya! usa AvaraNa ko haTAeM tAki satya-dharma (svarUpa).. OM ko maiM dekha skuu'| 55555555555 Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting 5 s s jaba satya kI darzikA: anekAnta dRSTi darpaNa yadi dhuMdhalA hai, usa para paradA par3A hai, yA vaha jasthira nahIM hai to pratibimba usameM spaSTa nahIM ubhregaa| isI taraha, #mana rUpI darpaNa meM yadi Agraha, durAgraha, IrSyA, dveSa, Asakti, pakSapAta-bhAvanA Adi ke AvaraNa hoM yA una vikAroM dvArA mana # DAvAMDola ho, asthira ho to satya spaSTa rUpa se pratibimbita nahIM hai #ho paaegaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma-zAsana kI jo virAsata hameM prAcIna AcArya-paramparA ke mAdhyama se milI hai, usameM satya ko jAnane-samajhane kI pramukha paddhati kA bhI saMketa hai| vaha paddhati hai-eka hI vastu meM virodhI bAtoM ke saha-astitva ko sviikaarnaa| virodhoM kA saha-astitva satya kA AdhArabhUta svabhAva hai| anekAnta / dRSTi sApekSa dRSTi ko vikasita karatI hai, hamAre Agraha-durAgraha yA / ekAMgI mAnyatA kA nivAraNa karatI hai aura satya taka pahuMcane meM hai vyakti ko sakSama banAtI hai| vaha anekatA meM ekatA ko dekhane kA, 5 virodhoM meM bhI samanvaya-sAmaMjasya DhUMr3hane kA mArga prazasta karatI hai aura sahiSNutA ke sukhada vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karatI hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne anekAnta dRSTi ko vyAvahArika OM pRSThabhUmi meM isa prakAra samajhAyA hai:

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Le Le Le Le Le Le 55 h5 5 55 55 5 55Fen 55 ekenAkarSantI zUthayantI vstutttvmitrenn| antena jayati jainI nItirmanthAnamiva gopii|| (puruSArthasiddhayupAya- 225) sArAMza yaha hai eka gvAlana dUdha se makkhana nikAlane "kI prakriyA meM lagI hai| vaha dUdha bilaute hue eka hAtha Age leka "jAtI hai, phira dUsarA pIche lAtI hai| isa prakAra, donoM hAthoM ko ma kramazaH Age-pIche lAne kI prakriyA calatI rahatI hai| rassI kAka eka chora Age AtA hai to dUsarA chora pIche ho jAtA hai, phira vahI hai chora Age A jAtA hai| donoM hI chora gvAlina ke hAthoM meM rahate hai haiN| ukta kramika prakriyA se gvAlina ko makkhana kI prApti hotI hai hai| yadi vaha gvAlina rassI ke eka hI chora ko pakar3e rakhe to hai makkhana kabhI nahIM nikala paaegaa| OM isI taraha, kisI vastu ke eka dharma ko pramukhatA / / OM dete hue dUsare virodhI dharma ko gauNa rUpa meM svIkAranA, aura OM punaH usI gauNa dharma ko pramukhatA dete hue pramukha dharma ko gauNa #rUpa meM rakhanA- isa prakAra donoM hI dharmoM ko kramazaH pramukhatA denA- yaha eka prakriyA hai jisase navanIta rUpa vastu-svarUpa 'satya' kI upalabdhi ho pAtI hai| durAgrahapUrvaka eka hI bAta * (kathana) ko sahI samajhane aura dUsare ko nakArane se satya*darzana bAdhita hI hogaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita anekAnta-dRSTi kA anuyAyI vyakti vastu-sambandhI do virodhI vicAroM ko eka hI .. satya ke do aMgoM ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai aura taTastha hokara samanvita va samagra vastu-svarUpa ko- usake satya ko jAnane-dekhane kA prayAsa karatA hai| 5555555555555555555 55 55do + ka +

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phaphaphaphaphaphaphapha phra kkkk**************** phra Wan Wan .se prArambha hotI hai| jaina paramparA meM svAdhyAya ko eka mahAn tapa Wan adhyayana-anusandhAna kI udAra jaina dRSTiH Wan Wan Wan . mAnA gayA hai - ( na vi atthi na via hohI sajjhAyasamaM tavo kammaM, phra Wan Wan satya kI anveSaNA jijJAsA va svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama bRhatkalpabhASya-1169) saMsAra se pravrajita ho cuke muni ke lie bhI apekSita hai ki vaha jIvana-caryA ko dhyAna va svAdhyAya- ina donoM meM niyojita kare (dra. uttarAdhyayana-2 1 - 26 / 12 ) / svAdhyAya kI mahattA tathA satya ko bhagavAn kA rUpa mAnanA - ye donoM bAteM jaina Wan Wan paramparA meM satyAnveSaNa kI priyatA ko rekhAMkita karatI haiM / Wan Wan 5555555555 Wan Wan Wan phra yahAM yaha jijJAsA svAbhAvika hai ki ukta svAdhyAya kyA jaina granthoM kA hI kiyA jAya yA anya paramparA ke granthoM kA bhI kiyA jAya / isa viSaya meM maiM spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hUM ki jaina paramparA udAravAdI rahI hai, vaha svAdhyAya ko sImita dAyare meM nahIM bAMdhatI hai| jaina anekAnta dRSTi ne adhyayana-anusandhAna ke kSetra meM udAra dRSTi kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai aura dharmasaMgha meM jJAna - vijJAna ke kSetra ko vyApaka banAyA hai / maiM prAMsagika rUpa meM kucha tathya yahAM rakhanA cAhatA huuN| phra 5 Wan pUjya zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja ne 'AcArya' ke lie svasamayavit, parasamayavit tathA nAnAvidhadezabhASAvijJa honA phra phra apekSita mAnA hai (dra. jainatattvakalikA, pR. 174-179), arthAt use jaina phra va jainetara - doMnoM ke siddhAntoM kA tathA aneka bhASAoM kA bhI phra Wan jJAtA honA caahie| Wan phra Wan A. siddhasena (I. 5vIM zatI) ne bhI spaSTa kahA thA Wan Wan $jJeyaH parasiddhAntaH (dvAtriMzikA, 8/19) arthAt anya paramparA ke Wan - siddhAntoM ko bhI jAnanA - par3hanA caahie| A. jinabhadra gaNi (I. Wan Wan 5-6 zatI) ne bhI vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM svAdhyAyayogya zAstroM

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5 5 5 5 5 Wan ke sambandha meM eka vyApaka va udAra dRSTi prastuta kI hai jeNa suhappjjhayaNaM ajAppANayaNamahiyamayaNaM vaa| bohassa saMjamassa va mokkhassa vjNtmjjhynnN|| (vizeSAvazyaka bhASya- 958) arthAt (yathArtha) adhyayana (svAdhyAya) vaha hai jisase citta nirmala ho, athavA jo citta-vRtti ko adhyAtma meM niyojita, kare, tathA jisase sajjJAna, saMyama va mokSa kI prApti hotI ho| tAtparya yaha hai ki saMyama-sAdhanA va mokSa-sAdhanA ke alAvA, sajjJAna kI prApti hetu kiyA gayA svAdhyAya hI yathArthataH svAdhyAya hai| spaSTa hai ki ukta adhyayana jaina granthoM kA bhI ho sakatA hai aura jainetara granthoM kA bhI, bazarte sajjJAna prApta ho| 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 sarvamAnya 'satya' ke anveSaNa kI preraNA: / jainetara zAstroM ke adhyayana ko jaina paramparA ne samarthana to diyA, kintu zarta ke saath| zarta yaha thI ki samIcIna dRSTi rakha kara hI adhyayana-manana-anusandhAna kiyA jaay|smiiciin dRSTi se tAtparya hai ki satya ko, mAtra sarvamAnya tathya ko, taTastha prabhAva se grahaNa karane kI dRsstti| yaha dRSTi tabhI sambhava hai, jaba hama.. vibhinna dharmoM meM, paramparAoM meM jo sarvamAnya tathya haiM, jo sAmyasUtra haiM, use grahaNa karane kI bhAvanA rkheN| isa dRSTi ke sadbhAva meM, kisI bhAvI vivAda yA virodha kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI, apitu OM paraspara-samanvaya kA svastha vAtAvaraNa hI nirmita hotA hai| isIlie OM svAdhyAya kA uddezya yaha honA cAhie ki una sarvamAnya naitika + mUlyoM, AdarzoM, sAMskRtika mUla siddhAntoM ko rekhAMkita kiyA jAya jo sarvamAnya 'ahiMsA dharma' ko paripuSTa karane vAle hoN| aisI kahI samIcIna dRSTi rakhakara AcArya siddhasena ne samasta zAstroM kA 5 5 55 5 5 F 5 5 55 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

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kkkk *******lll**** *** Wan adhyayana- - anuzIlana kiyA thA aura unhoMne apanI samIcIna dRSTi ko isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA thA: Wan Wan phra Wan 55555555 Wan Wan sunizcitaM naH parataMtrayuktiSu, sphuranti yAH kAzcana sUktasaMpadaH / Wan tavaiva tAH pUrvamahArNavotthitAH, jagatpramANaM jinavAkyavipruSaH // (dvAtriMzikA - 1 / 30) sambhavataH AcArya siddhasena ne paraspara samanvaya tathA prayAsa kiyA thA / paravartI AcAryoM ne bhI yathAsamaya ukta paramparA arthAt (he jinendra!) parakIya (arthAt jainetara) zAstroM kI yuktiyoM meM jo kucha suvacana - nidhi pratibimbita yA dRSTigocara ho rahI hai, vaha saba tumhArI hI hai, tumhAre hI upadeza-rUpI samudra Wan Wan se nikalI (nidhiyAM hI ) haiM / isa prakAra jinavANI kI bUMdeM hI samasta vizva ke lie pramANabhUta (satya) haiM - yaha hameM aba nizcita ho gayA hai| ko jIvita rakhate hue, sabhI dharmoM va darzanoM meM anusyUta ekasUtratA ke anveSaNa kA prayAsa jArI rakhA aura eka samanvita bhAratIya saMskRti kA divya rUpa upasthApita kiyA hai| Wan kA nimnalikhita nirdeza bhI sadA mArgadarzana karatA rahA haiH Wan Wan * sammattapariggahiyAiM sammasuyaM / Wan Wan 5 5 5 5 5 Wan cattAriya veyA saMgovaMgA....... eyAiM ceva sammadiTThissa phra (nandIsUtra - 4/67) Wan Wan phra 4 sarvamAnya satya ke anveSaNa kI dizA meM yaha sarvaprathama saphala phra Wan Wan 9559595 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 pha Wan Wan aise satprayAsoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM jaina Agama 'nandIsUtra' 5 S Wan Wan Wan Wan - arthAt sAMgopAMga veda (vaidika sAhitya) bhI 'samyak zruta' hai ( paThanIya - mananIya hai), yadi samyagdRSTi vyakti inheM 'samyaktva' (samIcIna, satyAnveSaNa kI dRSTi) ke sAtha grahaNa kare | phra 5 phra

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Le Le Le $ $ 5 Le + + + + isI tathya ko AcArya jinadAsa gaNi ne bhI isa 5 prakAra vyakta kiyA hai| parasamayo ubhayaM vA sammadihissa sasamao cev| (vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 951) arthAt (vaidika paramparA kA tathAkathita) parakIya siddhAnta bhI samIcIna dRSTi vAle ke lie 'svakIya' siddhAnta . hI hai| se tAtparya hai ki samyagdRSTi anusandhAtA-adhyetA vyakti / 5 jisa parama satya kA darzana apane (jaina) zAstroM meM karatA hai, vahI +satya use anya zAstroM meM bhI dikhAI par3atA hai| use eka sarvAMgINaOM sarvamAnya satya kA darzana hotA hai| ataH usake lie apanA aura parAyA zAstra- isa prakAra kI bhedarekhA hI samApta ho jAtI hai| + Le Le Le Le Le Le Le Le Le Le pUjya gurudeva kI satyAnveSaNa kI dRSTi: merI ananta-ananta AsthA-zraddhA ke kendra parama zraddheya gurudeva AcAryakalpa munizrI rAmakRSNa jI mahArAja sarvadA 5 "bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anekAntavAda ke prabala pakSadhara the| ve satya ke ke AjIvana anveSaka rhe| unakA samagra jIvana pantha, sampradAya hai va saMkIrNa dIvAroM meM pratibaddha na rahakara dhArmika udAratA va sahiSNutA ke ke vAtAvaraNa kI sthApanA meM samarpita thaa| unhoMne na kevala jaina AgamoM kA hI adhyayana kiyA, apitu vaidika Adi anya paramparAoM ke granthoM va siddhAntoM kA bhI anAgraha dRSTi se gahana / adhyayana kiyA thaa| ve aneka bhASAoM ke jJAtA the, isIlie unheM vividha paramparA ke granthoM ke par3hane-samajhane meM koI asuvidhA nahIM hotI thii| 999999999999999999 // " 5555555

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+ + + + + 5 55 55 55 5 + + + + + 9595555555555555555; prastuta kRti kI vaicArika pRSThabhUmiH pUjya zrI gurudeva AcAryakalpa munizrI rAmakRSNa jI ..mahArAja ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM rahakara samanvayAtmaka adhyayana / va anusandhAna kI preraNA mujhe prApta huii| unhIM kI preraNA va prabhAvaka mArganirdezana meM merI ruci samasta bhAratIya sAMskRtika paramparAoM ke mahattvapUrNa granthoM ke adhyayana va anusandhAna meM jAgRta huI aura prastuta kRti usI kA eka mUrtimanta rUpa hai| + prastuta kRti meM vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM anusyUta-ekatA, ekasUtratA va samanvita dRSTi ko rekhAMkita karane + kA merA prayAsa rahA hai| yadyapi yaha eka prAthamika prayAsa hai aura OM aise aneka achUte AyAma avaziSTa haiM, jinheM lekara abhI kAphI adhyayana-anusandhAna apekSita hai| vaidika va jaina- ina donoM paramparAoM ko eka-dUsare "ke nikaTa lAne aura sAMskRtika ekatA ko rekhAMkita karane kI hai "dizA meM merA yaha laghu prayAsa hai| isa prayAsa meM maiM kitanA saphalapha huA hUM aura yaha kRti kitanI sArthaka hai- yaha nirNaya maiM vijJa pAThakoM va anusandhAtA manISiyoM para chor3atA huuN| -subhadra muni + + + + 5 555555555555555 5 5 5 5 5 55 5 $ Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting Ting FFFF

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prathama khaNDa (pRSThabhUmi aura paramparA) // anukrama // 1. saMskRti kyA hai.. 2. bhAratIya saMskRtikaH sAmAsika saMskRti : 3. dharma kyA hai.. 4. donoM dharmo / saMskRtiyoM kA maulika svarUpa. 5. donoM paramparAoM kI prAcInatA..... 6. hidU saMskRti yAnI bhAratIya saMskRti... 7. hindU kauna ?..... 8. donoM hI sanAtana dharma... 9. bhAratIya saMskRti kI samanvayapriyatA......... 10 samanvaya meM jaina anekAntavAda kI bhUmikA....... 11. donoM saMskRtiyoM meM paraspara samanvaya kI pRSThabhUmi.... 14 12. paraspara bahumAna va udAra dRSTikoNa ..................15 11 11 12

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13. svatantra vicAroM kI dArzanika abhivyakti 18-24 (1) jJAnakANDa kI pramukhatA tathA yajJavirodha......18 (2) yajJa kI avadhAraNA meM pariSkAra.......... (3) Izvara sRSTikartA nahIM.. (4) jAti kI atAttvikatA .... (5) Azrama - vyavasthA meM lacIlApana.. (6) AstikatA kA udAra mAnadaNDa......... (7) eka hI lakSya ke vividha mArga hone kI mAnyatA..........22 (8) dharma kA prAmANika srota...... 14. sArvajanIna AsthA ke vicAra - bindu........... (1) dharma kI avadhAraNA........ (2) manuSya yoni kI zreSThatA va durlabhatA......... (3) sAjhe buniyAdI naitika mUlya aura sadAcAra ke mAnadaNDa....... 19 15. jaina tIrthakara aura avatAra.... .20 ...20 ...21 23 24-53 .24 ..25 ........26 (4) kAlacakra va sAMskRtika vikAsa kI mAnyatAeM...... (karmabhUmi kI avadhAraNA, kulakara vyavasthA) (5) bhAratavarSa - nAmakaraNa... (6) rASTrIya bhAvanA ke svara......... (7) gaMgA devI kI mahimA......... (8) jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura vaidika trideva....39 (RSamadeva aura vaidika viSNu, RSabhadeva aura vaidika brahmA, RSabhadeva kI zivatulyatA, ziva va RSabha kI ekatA, purAtAttvika sAkSyoM se prAcInatA) .29 .33 34 ..........36 53-55

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.....56-66 .......66-72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. gRhastha-caryA aura bhikSu-caryA... (1) gRhasthavazrAvaka kA sAmAnyajIvana.....................56 (mAMsAdi-tyAga, atithi satkArAdi,jala chAna kara pInA, mRtyu kA nirmaya va nirvikAra hokara varaNa) (2) ahiMsaka zramaNa-caryA aura saMnyastajIvana............... (samatA kI sAdhanA, nirdoSa misAdharyA,gocarI kA abhiprAya, vikAsvardhaka AhAra kA tyAga) 17. parvavatyauhAra........... (1) dIpAvali parva.............. (2) rakSAbandhana parva........... ...............70 18.mAMgalika dravya auradhArmika pratIka.................72-80 (1) donoM paramparAoM meM maMgala dravya........ ..........73 (2) svastika......... (3) zaMkha......................... ............. (4) darpaNa.................. (5) kalaza........... (6) puSpamAlA............ (1) oMkAra.......... 1.pramukhasaMskAra/dhArmika kriyAeM......... .........80-90 (1) garbhAdhAna-sImantonnayana evaM garbhAncaya kriyA...........84 (2) jAtakarma saMskAra va priyodbhava kriyA................... (3) nAmakaraNa saMskAra/kriyA................................85 (4) niSkramaNa-annaprAzanavabahiryAna kriyA.................86 (5) cUDAkarma saMskAravakezavApa kriyA............... ........... ta ka ...................................................4 . . . . .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ..............

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(6) upanayana va lipisaMkhyAna kriyA.... (7) samAvartana va vratAvataraNa.. (8) vivAha va saMnyAsa......... (1) gRhatyAga va pravajyA se sambaddha. (10) antyeSTi saMskAra...... 20. ArAdhanA va bahumAna ke pAtraH deva-deviyAM....... ..86 (2) vaidika paramparA meM bhakti va avatAravAda.. (3) jaina upAsanA / ArAdhanA kI pRSThabhUmi.. (4) bhAratIya saMskRti kA utsaH AtmopAsanA... (AtmA hI upAsya, zuddhAtmatva ke pratIkaH pAMca parameSThI) (5) jJAnadevI sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA......... (6) solaha vidyAdeviyAM.... (7) bahumAna ke pAtraH deva-deviyAM... (zAsanadeva va deviyAM) (8) Izvara - sevita vRkSa aura caityavRkSa... (1) zalAkApuruSa aura rAmakRSNa avatAra .87 ..88 ...........90 ..88 90-113 (1) vaidika upAsanA-paddhati kI pRSThabhUmi...................90 (mahanIya rAma-kRSNa avatAra, jaina paramparA meM bhagavAn rAma, jaina paramparA meM vAsudeva zrIkRSNa) ..92 .93 --.......... .95 ........97 .99 ........100 ......103 ....107 21. donoM paramparAoM ke kathAnakoM meM sAmya... 113-115 22. donoM paramparAoM meM saiddhAntika samanvaya....... 115-116 23. paraspara samanvaya ke purodhA manISI... 24. niSkarSa........ ....116-123 123

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.........125 .....134 ...141 ...152 ..166 . . . . . . ...........211 .............221 .234 dvitIya khaNDa (jaina evaM vaidika kathAoM meM ekatA kA svara) 1.dayA:dharma kA mUla hai............. 2. ahiMsAparamodharmaH................. 3. sevA haiparamadharma.................. 4.kSamAkA utkRSTa Adarza.............. 5. prema hai amRta................. 6. zraddhA kA camatkAra............ 118 1.gurukA gaurava........ ...........188 8. satsaMgakImahimA............ ...........199 9. bhaktikIzakti..........................................211 10.patitasepAvana.. 11. karma-phalaTArainaTarai............ ........... 12. bhogaH durgatikIrAha....... ......... 242 13.moha-vijaya.................. ...........251 14.bAlasAdhaka.................... ...........260 15. yuvAvasthA aura vairAgya ............ ...........273 16.tapakAahaMkAra....................... ...........283 11. dehakonahIM,AtmAkoderato. ...........291 18.yebalidAnI. ...........300 19. prAyazcitta......... 301 20. bhAratakIsannAriyAM............. 315 21. AdarzabhrAtR-prema............... 22. putra-kuputra............ .......... 23. vAmana aura virAT............ 24. mRtyukAsatya......... ........... 25. prakAza-pujadIpAvalI........... ......... ........ MMMMM 324 332 ...340 ...349 .....360

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tRtIya khaNDa (siddhAnta - samanvaya) 1. dharma..... 2. AtmA... 3. dharmazraddhA. 4. ahiMsA Adi mahAvrata.. 5. ahiMsA..... brahmacarya (kAmavijaya). 6. 7. satya......... 8. acaurya... 9. aparigraha.. 10. bhojana... 11. dhana-sampatti.. 12. manuSya - janma.. 13. jIvana....... 14. sanmArga... 15. karma... 16. sukha - duHkha... 17. maitrI va vairabhAva.. 18. samabhAva...... 19. sukha - zAnti.. 20. AcaraNa. 21. snAna.. 22. sAdhutva.. 23. jAti.... 367 370 .373 375 377 380 383 ..387 390 394 396 .399 ..402 .405 407 413 415 .417 420 422 ..424 427 429

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24. brAhmaNa..... .....431 . . . . . . . . . ............434 ....436 ...438 ..........440 ......441 ............ . . . . . . . . . ....445 ....450 ....... ....... ..452 .454 25. tyAgI.............. 26. madhukarIvRtti........... 21. dharma-zravaNa............. 28. svAdhyAya................. 29. saMgati-satsaMgati.. 30. indriyanigraha. 31. samaya. 32. jAgaraNa............. 33. jJAna-ajJAna.......... 34. krodhavijayaaurakSamA.. 35. tiraskAra.. 36. saralatA... 37. mAtA-pitA aura guru............ 38. vinaya......... 35. saMsAra............. 40. punarjanma.......... 41. mRtyu................ 42. bandhana aura mokSa........ 43. paramAtmA ............ ...458 .459 .460 ............461 ..........464 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..467 ....470 ...473 ....475 ....478

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jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA (eka siMhAvalokana) prathama khaNDa pRSThabhUmi aura paramparA

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jaina dharma aura vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA (pRSThabhUmi aura paramparA) saMskRti hai kyA? saMskRti kA vAstavika artha kyA hai - isa viSaya meM aneka paribhASAeM vidvAnoM kI ora se prApta hotI rahI haiN| eki vidvAn ke anusAra, 'saMsAra bhara meM jo bhI sarvottama bAteM jAnI yA kahI gaI haiM, unase apane Apa ko paricita karanA 'saMskRti' hai / eka anya vidvAn ke mata meM zArIrika yA mAnasika zaktiyoM kA prazikSaNa, dRDhIkaraNa yA vikAsa athavA unase utpanna avasthA kA nAma 'saMskRti' hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne saMskRti ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai- mana, AcAra athavA ruciyoM kI pariSkRti yA zuddhi hI 'saMskRti' hai / bhAratIya saMskRtiH sAmAsika saMskRti bhAratIya saMskRti ko samagra rUpa se dekheM to isameM aneka sAMskRtika vicAradhArAoM kA eka samanvita rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai| aneka pramukha vicAradhArAeM tathA anekAneka choTI-bar3I upadhArAeM milakara eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate hue aura eka dUsare se prabhAvita hote hue vikAsa patha para bar3hatI rahI haiM jinheM hama samagra rUpa se bhAratIya saMskRti ke rUpa meM jAnate-samajhate haiM / saMkSepa meM, bhAratIya janatA kI saMskRti kA rUpa sAmAsika hai aura yaha kramazaH pariSkRta, vikasita hotI rahI hai / prathama khaNDa / 1

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dharma kyA hai? bhAratIya saMskRti kA prANa 'dharma' hai| isIlie ise dharmapradhAna saMskRti mAnA jAtA hai| dharma kI paribhASAeM pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne isa prakAra kI haiM . (1) ananta kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie, jo Antarika zakti prayatna karatI hai, vaha dharma hai| -maiksamUlara (2) AkAza gaMgA ke nirmAtA tathA acche zAsaka ke prati aura usake jIvoM ke prati prema hI merA dharma hai arthAt Izvara aura usake banAye gaye prANadhAriyoM se prema karanA dharma hai| -eDamsa (3) dharma vaha cetanA hai jo una karttavyaparAyaNoM evaM bhaktoM meM AtI hai, jo jJana dvArA uccatama mUlyoM ko jAnakara unake prati sacce rahate haiM aura zAzvata tattva ke pakSa meM rahakara unakI sahAyatA karate haiN| ___ -jAnavelI (4) Adarza lakSya kI ora kriyA-icchA kA prabala nirdezanasvAmitva hI dharma hai arthAt Adarza kI dizA meM ujjvala prayatna dharma hai| -je. esa. mila (5) dharma, eka aise tattva kA divyadarzana hai, jo hamAre bhItarabAhara pare hai| jo yathArtha hai kintu jisakI prApti kI pratIkSA hai, jisakI prApti antima kalyANa hai para jo hamArI pahuMca ke bAhara hai jo antima Adarza tathA nirAzAjanaka khoja hai| -hvAiTa heDa (6) dharma, bhAgya para zAntipUrNa bharosA hai; durjeya ke prati zAnti-yukta AtmasamarpaNa hai, AzaMkA aura duHkha meM rahane kI pravRtti hai, jIvana se ubanA tathA mRtyu ke sAtha mitratA hai| -inAjonitobe bhAratIya vicArakoM ke anusAra vyaktitva ko, samAja ko, parivAra ko yA rASTra ko dhAraNa karanevAlA tattva 'dharma' hai / vaha mAnavatA ko paribhASita karanevAlA, pazu-jagat se use pRthak rakha kara usakI jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sArakRtika ekatA/2 Dac

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vizeSatA ko rekhAMkita karanevAlA Antarika ghaTaka hai / vaha vyaktivyakti ke madhya sambandha kA niyAmaka hai aura parivAra, samAja va rASTra ko ekasUtratA meM bAMdhane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| donoM dharmoM/saMskRtiyoM kA maulika svarUpa bhAratIya saMskRti kI saMghaTaka vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ko pramukha rUpa se do pramukha vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| ve haiM- (1) yIya saMskRti tathA (2) AtmavidyA-pradhAna saMskRti / inameM vaidika dharma va vaidika saMskRti meM mUlataH yajJIya saMskRti kA pratinidhitva dRSTigocara hotA hai to jaina (zramaNa) dharma va jaina saMskRti ke mUla meM AtmavidyA kI pradhAnatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ke mata meM vaidika saMskRti mUla meM pravRttipradhAna dharma se jur3I hai to jaina saMskRti mUlataH nivRttipradhAna dharma ko AtmasAt kie hue hai| sarvaprathama, donoM dharmoM kI maulika mAnyatAoM ko pramukha vaicArika binduoM ke rUpa meM upasthApita karanA upayogI hogAvaidika dharma/saMskRti kI mAnyatA jaina dharma/saMskRti kI mAnyatA 1. dharma-AcAra ke viSaya meM veda kI hI sarvocca 1. sarvajJa tIrthaMkara aura usakI vANI kI sarvocca prAmANikatA hai| prAmANikatA hai| 2. yajJIya vidhAna ko prAthamikatA aura 2. tapa va karma-nAzaka vidhi-vidhAnoM kI usameM hiMsA bhI mAnya hai| prAthamikatA aura pratyeka kArya meM ahiMsA ko yathAzakti pramukhatA denaa| 3. sRSTi daivI zaktiyoM se saMcAlita/niyantrita 3. sRSTi anAdi va ananta hai| Izvara yA hai, aura saSTikartA Izvara hai- yaha maannaa| paramezvara vaha sarvotkRSTa AtmA hai jo vItarAga ho aura karma-kalaMka se zuddha ho| 4. Izvara saMsAra para karUNA kara, dharma-maryAdA kI 4. Izvara vItarAga hotA hai aura sAMsArika kAryoM sthApanA hetu avatAra letA hai aura duSTa-saMhAra va se aspRSTa rahatA hai| bhakta-trANa karatA hai| 5. varNa-vyavasthA va Azrama-vyavasthA ke anurUpa 5. jAti tAttvika nahIM hai| saMnyAsa kisI bhI jIvana-caryA ko samarthana (arthAt brahmacarya, gRhastha, Ayu meM svIkAra kiyA nA sakatA hai| saMnyAsa- inakA kramazaH paaln)| prathama khaNDa/3

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donoM paramparAoM kI prAcInatA bhAratIya saMskRti ke sarvaprAcIna upalabdha sAhitya vaidika sAhitya' meM vaidika va jaina- donoM paramparAoM ke astitva ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| vedoM meM bArhata aura vrAtya- ina do vicAradhArAoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo kramazaH yajJIya saMskRti va Arhata (zramaNa) saMskRti kI prAcInatama rUpa pratIta hote haiN| yajJIya saMskRti, bArhata paramparA, vaidika dharma, brAhmaNa dharma- ye saba eka hI vicAradhArA yA paramparA se anusyUta haiN| isI taraha, 'vrAtya' paramparA, zramaNa paramparA, jaina paramparA bhI eka hI paramparA yA vicAradhArA kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM / vaidikaparamparA ke purANoM meM asura saMskRti' ke rUpa meM bhI jisa vicAradhArA ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai (dra. mahAbhArata, 12/227 adhyAya), usameM bhI yajJavirodhI yA nivRttipradhAna AtmasAdhanA kI jo vicAradhArA antarnihita hai, vaha bhI zramaNa yA jaina saMskRti kA bahuta aMzoM meM pratinidhitva karatI hai, yadyapi pratirodhI bhAvanA se isakI prastuti hone se yaha apane pUrNataH zuddha rUpa meM abhivyakta nahIM huI hai| Rgveda (1/85/4) meM bArhata' paramparA kA ullekha hai jo 'bRhatI' arthAt 'vedavANI' kI upAsanA karane vAlI thii| vaidika yA brAhmaNa saMskRti ke puraskarttA ye 'bArhata' hI haiM- aisA vidvAnoM kA mata hai / yaha paramparA prAkRtika zaktiyoM ko pramukha mAnatI thI aura yajJa-bhAga ke mAdhyama se ina zaktiyoM kI upAsanA kiyA karatI thii| bArhata paramparA ke samAnAntara pracalita virodhI vicAradhArA kA vrAtya-paramparA ke rUpa meM vaidika sAhitya meM nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai| vrAtya paramparA kI AsthA yajJIya vidhi-vidhAnoM ke prati na hokara 'vrata' (virati, saMyama) ke prati thii| yaha karmavAda ko mAnatI thI aura karma-kSaya hetu tapa yA vrata ke anuSThAna ko pradhAnatA detI thii| yaha jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA/4

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AtmavAdI vicAradhArA kI samarthaka thI- arthAt yaha mAnatI thI ki 'AtmA hI paramAtmA hai' kintu karma-kaluSatA ke kAraNa vaha sAmAnya jIva ke rUpa meM saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA hai' / atharvaveda ke 15 veM kANDa kA nAma 'vrAtya kANDa' hai jo vrAtya paramparA kI mAnyatAoM kA digdarzana karAtA hai| AcArya sAyaNa ke anusAra, isa kANDa meM carcita 'vrAtya' eka aise viziSTa vyaktitva kA pratinidhitva karatA hai jo vaidika kRtyoM ke lie anadhikArI hotA huA bhI mahAn puNyazAlI, zreSTha vidvAn va vizvapUjya avasthA ko prApta ho gayA hai| vidvAnoM ke anusAra, isa kANDa meM jaina paramparA ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva (jo mukti-patha para agrasara haiM) kI kaThora vrata-sAdhanA ko pratIka-bhASA meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / (draSTavyaH uttarAdhyayanaH eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 15) ukta vrAtya paramparA meM hI paravartI 'Ahata', zramaNa, jaina Adi ke bIja nihita haiN| prasiddha itihAsa-vijJa zrI jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra ne vrAtyoM ko 'Ahata' dharma kA anuyAyI mAnate hue apane vicAra isa prakAra prakaTa kiye haiM- 'vaidika se bhinna mArga buddha aura mahAvIra se pahale bhI bhAratavarSa meM the| Arhata loga buddha se pahale bhI ye... aura una ArhatoM ke anuyAyI 'vrAtya' kahalAte the jinakA ullekha atharvaveda meM haiM' (dra. bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA, 1 bhAga, pR. 52) / Rgveda ke eka mantra meM arhanta parameSThI ko tuccha saMsAra para dayA karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai- arhan idaM dayase vizvamabhvaM (Rgved,2/4/33/1)| jaina paramparA meM sarvazreSTha mAne jAne vAle 'arhanta' yA 'arhat'/ arhan deva ke anuyAyI Aheta' hue aura ve hI zramaNa, samaNa va jaina saMskRti ke anuyAyI bhI khlaae| ina saba kA prAcInatama rUpa 'vrAtya' paramparA ke rUpa meM thaa| prathama khaNDa/5

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nivRttipradhAna saMyamataponiSTha zramaNa paramparA ke anuyAyI tapasviyoM kA 'vAtarazanA' muniyoM ke rUpa meM nirdeza bhI Rgveda ke nimnalikhita mantra meM hai jisase isa paramparA kI prAcInatA hI rekhAMkita hotI hai: - munayo vAtarazanAH pizaMgA vasate malA / vAtasyAnu dhAjin yanti yaddevAso avikSata || (Rgveda- 1/11/136/2) 'vAtarazanA' se tAtparya hai - aise kaThora tapasvI jo vAyu pIkara jIvita rahate the / bhAgavatapurANa (5/6/19) meM vAtarazanA muniyoM kI paramparA se AditIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko jor3A bhI gayA hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki nizcita hI ukta muni kaThora tapa sAdhanA meM nira jaina sAdhuoM ke pUrvaja rahe hoMge / aneka puratAttvika sAkSya isa tathya ko Ta karate haiM ki zramaNa paramparA vaidikakAlIna sabhyatA se bhI prAcIna hai / mohanajodaDo va sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA ke avazeSoM meM zramaNa paramparA kI adhyAtma-sAdhanA ke nidarzana upalabdha hue haiM / mohanajodar3o kI khudAI meM prApta nagna mUrtiyAM aura kAyotsarga (arthAt khar3I) mudrA meM yogI kI mUrti spaSTa rUpa se kisI dhyAnastha jaina tIrthaMkara kI pratimUrti pratIta hotI haiM / prasiddha itihAsavijJa zrI kAmatAprasAda jaina ke vicAra meM yogI kI ukta mUrti tIrthaMkara supArzva yA pArzvanAtha kI pratIta hotI hai| eka vaidika mantra meM spaSTataH jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara vRSabhadeva (RSabhadeva) kI stuti karate hue jo udgAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai, vaha jaina saMskRti kI mAnyatAoM ke sarvathA anurUpa hai / yadyapi dArzanika vayAkhyAkAroM ne apane apane darzanoM ke anurUpa vyAkhyA karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, tathApi 'vRSabha' zabda nizcita hI vRSabha cinha vAle prathama tIrthaMkara ko saMketita karatA huA saMgata hotA hai: jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 6

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catvAri zRMgA trayo asya pAdA dve zIrSe sapta hastAso asy| tridhA baddho vRSabho roravIti maho devo mAM aavivesh|| (Rgveda, 4/58/3) arthAt jisa ke cAra zRMga (ananta darzana, jJAna, sukha aura vIrya) haiM, tIna pAda (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra) haiM, do zIrSa (kaivalya aura mukti) haiM aura sAta hasta (sAta vrata) haiM tathA jo mana, vacana aura kAya-ina tIna yogoM se baddha (saMyata) hai, usa vRSabha (RSabha deva) ne ghoSaNA kI hai ki mahAdeva (paramAtmA) manuSya ke bhItara hI AvAsa karatA hai| eka anya vaidika mantra meM 'hiraNyagarbha' paramezvara kI mahimA kA gAna kiyA gayA haihiraNyagarbhaH samavartatAgre bhUtasya jAtaH patireka AsIt / sa dAdhAra pRthivIM dyAmutemAM kasmai devAya haviSA vidhem|| (yajurveda- 1 3/4, 23/1, 25/1, Rgveda-1/121/1) -arthAt sarvaprathama 'hiraNyagarbha' hue aura ve jagat ke ekamAtra svAmI hue| unhoMne pRthvI ko dhAraNa kiyA, usa anirvacanIya deva kI hama arcanA karate haiN| uparyukta mantra meM 'hiraNyagarbha' rUpa meM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI mahimA kA nirUpaNa hai / RSabhadeva kA eka nAma 'hiraNyagarbha' bhI hai kyoMki inake garbha meM Ane para suvarNa kI dRSTi huI thI (dra. AdipurANa- 12/95) / unhoMne asi-masi-kRSi kI zikSA dekara, viSAdagrasta dharatIvAsiyoM ko surakSA pradAna kI aura amaryAditaanuzAsanahIna jIvana dvArA hone vAle unake bhAvI saMkaTa kA nivAraNa kiyA thaa| prathama khaNDa/7

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bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne laukika vidyA ke sAtha-sAtha adhyAtmavidyA kA bhI upadeza diyA thaa| sambhavataH inhIM hiraNyagarbha va RSabhadeva ko mahAbhArata (12/349/65) meM yoga-vidyA kA upadezaka batAyA gayA hai hiraNyagarbho yogasya vaktA nAnyaH puraatnH| bhAgavata purANa meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko nAnAyogacaryA meM nirata (bhAgavata- 5/5/35) batAyA gayA hai| unheM yogavidyA kA upadeza dete hue bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai (bhAgavata- 5/5 adhyaay)| isI prakAra, jaina paramparA ke 22 veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kA bhI stutiparaka nirUpaNa vaidika mantra meM prApta hotA haisvasti nastAryo arissttnemiH| (Rgveda- 1/89/6, yajurveda- 25/19,) uparyukta nirUpaNoM se vaidika kAla meM bhI jaina paramparA ke gauravamaya astitva kI puSTi hotI hai| hindU saMskRti yAnI bhAratIya saMskRti Aja samagra bhAratIya saMskRti ko hindU saMskRti ke nAma se bhI pukArA yA samajhA jAtA hai| 'hindU' zabda kI aneka vyutpattiyAM va artha kiye gaye haiM, ve saba vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM yA saMskRtiyoM kI samaSTigata vizeSatAoM va mAnyatAoM ko hI iMgita karate haiN| ataH donoM dharmoM ko hindU saMskRti kI vyApaka paridhi meM hI pratiSThita samajhanA caahie| ___'hindU' zabda kA pracalana islAma dharma ke prAdurbhAva se bhI hajAra-DeDha hajAra varSa pUrva hone lagA thaa| IrAnI logoM meM 'sa' ko 'ha' bolane kI pravRtti thI, ataH sindhu ko va 'hindU' pukArate the| ve bhAratavAsiyoM ko, jo sindhu nadI ke AsapAsa rahate the, 'hindU' kahA karate the| isa zabda kA prAcInatama ullekha pArasI dharmagrantha jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/8 >

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'avestA' meM prApta hotA hai| vaidika paramparA ke 'kAlikA purANa' meM bhI hindU-zabda kA ullekha isa prakAra prApta hotA hai: balinA kalina''cchanne dharme kavalite klau| yavanairavanI krAntA hindavo vindhyamAvizan / - jaba balavAn kalikAla ne sabhI ko apanI capeTa meM lekara dharma ko apanA grAsa banA liyA, aura yavana logoM ne pRthvI para AkramaNa kiyA, taba hindU loga vindhya kI ora prasthAna kara gye| 'zArGgadhara paddhati' meM bhI isI bhAva kA loka milatA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki hindU zabda 'sindhu' ke samIpavartI jAti yA samudAya kA vAcaka hotA huA, paravartI kAla meM pUre bhAratIyoM ke lie prayukta hone lagA / ataH vaidika va jaina-donoM dharma isI kSetra kI dena haiM, upaja haiM, isI kSetravAsiyoM ke pRthak-pRthak sAMskRtika vicAradhArAoM ke aMga haiM, isalie 'hindU saMskRti' zabda ko bhAratIya saMskRti kA hI paryAya mAnanA asaMgata nhiiN| hindU kauna? 'hindU' kise kaheM- isa sambandha meM bhAratIya manISiyoM ne vividha vicAra prakaTa kie haiN| vIra sAvarakara ne nimnalikhita paribhASA dI hai jo atyadhika carcA meM rahI hai: AsindhoH sindhuparyantA yasya bhaartbhuumikaa| pitRbhUH puNyabhUzcaiva, sa vai hinduriti smRtaH // arthAt sindhu se lekara samudra-paryanta vistRta bhU-khaNDa meM basane vAle sabhI loga -jo bhArata ko pitRbhUmi va pUNyabhUmi mAnate haiM- 'hindU' kahalAne ke adhikArI haiN| mahAtmA vinobA jI ne bhI 'hindU' kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai: prathama khaNDa/9

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hiMsayA dUyate cittaM tena hindurudiiritH|| arthAt jisakA hRdaya hiMsA se duHkhI hotA hai, pIDita hotA hai, vaha hindU kahalAne lAyaka hai| magadha-digvijaya nAmaka grantha meM 'hindU' kA artha isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai: UMkAramUlamaMtrADhyaH punrjnmdRddhaashyH| gobhakto bhArataguruH hinduhi~sanadUSakaH // arthAt jo oMkAra (praNava) ko mUla mantra mAnate haiM, punarjanma meM jinakA dRDha vizvAsa hai, gobhakta haiM, bhArata kA gaurava baDhAte haiM aura hiMsA ko pApa (doSa) mAnate haiM, ve hindU haiN| zabdakalpadruma koSa meM 'hindU' kA artha isa prakAra diyA gayA hai- 'hInaM dUSayati iti hindU:'- jo hInatA ko aMgIkAra nahIM karatA, vaha hindU hai| pArijAtaharaNa nAmaka eka prAcIna nATaka kA eka loka vidvAnoM dvArA uddhRta kiyA jAtA rahA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai: hinasti tapasA pApAn daihikAn dussttmaansaan| hetibhiH zatruvarNaM ca sa hindurbhidhiiyte|| - arthAt jo tapasyA se daihika va mAnasika pApoM ko naSTa karatA hai aura vIratA se zatruoM ko bhI naSTa karatA hai, vaha (AtmIya va daihika zakti kA dhAraka vyakti) hindU hai| uparyukta sabhI paribhASAoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra kareM to vaidika va jaina -donoM dharma hindU saMskRti yA hindU parivAra ke aMgabhUta siddha hote haiM, kyoMki ina donoM ke anuyAyiyoM kA bhI punarjanma meM vizvAsa hai, unakI UMkAra para mantra rUpa meM AsthA hai, ve Antarika zatruoM ko naSTa karane vAlI tapasyA ko aMgIkAra karate haiM, hiMsA ko pApa evaM ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnate haiM, bhAratabhUmi ko pavitra evaM zraddhA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM tathA hInAcaraNa se dUra rahate haiN| jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI mAsika ekataI/10 -

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donoM hI sanAtana dharma : vaidika va jaina- ye donoM paramparAeM svayaM ko 'sanAtana' dharma ke rUpa meM vikhyApita karatI haiM / mahAbhArata ke anusAra brahmA dvArA upadiSTa ahiMsAdi dharma 'sanAtana' hai: adrohaH sarvabhUteSu karmaNA manasA girA / anugrahazca dAnaM ca satAM dharmaH sanAtanaH // - mana, vANI va kriyA dvArA samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha kabhI droha karanA tathA dayA va dAna - ye sabhI 'sanAtana' dharma haiM / manusmRti (4/138) meM bhI 'sanAtana' dharma nAma kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / jaina paramparA bhI tIrthaMkaroM dvArA upadiSTa dharma ko 'sanAtana dharma' ke nAma se pracArita karatI hai: tataH sarvaprayatnena rakSyo dharmaH sanAtanaH / (AdipurANa - 4/198) - sabhI prakAra se isa sanAtana dharma kI rakSA karanI cAhie / tIrthakRdbhiriyaMsRSTA dharmasRSTiH sanAtanI / (AdipurANa - 4/19) - tIrthaMkaroM ne yaha sanAtana dharma - sRSTi kI hai / niSkarSataH ahiMsA-dharma, cAhe vaidika paramparA meM ho cAhe jaina paramparA meM, sanAtana- anAdi mAnavIya dharma hai aura vaha samagra bhAratIya saMskRti kA 'prANa' hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI samanvaya-priyatA bhAratIya saMskRti se hamArA tAtparya usa sAMjhI saMskRti se hai jisameM vaidika/brAhmaNa va zramaNa / jaina saMskRtiyoM kA apUrva saMgama hai / isa apUrva saMgama meM bhI donoM saMskRtiyoM kI maulikatA surakSita bhI hai aura kAlakrama se hue pariSkAroM / vicAra- parivartanoM ke kAraNa prathama khaNDa 11

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donoM kI vaicArika ekatA ke sUtroM ko rUpAyita karatI huI sAMjhI saMskRti kI vicAradhArA bhI spaSTa parilakSita ho rahI hai| ___vastutaH 'bhAratIya saMskRti' kI samanvaya-bhAvanA va pAcanazakti bar3I hI adbhuta hai| usakA lacIlApana aisA hai jo pratirodhI vicAradhArA ko AtmasAt karane meM use sakSama banAtI hai| isa saMskRti ne anekAneka dezI-videzI vicAradhArAoM, vibhinna dArzanika mAnyatAoM ko AtmasAt kara apane ko samRddha hI kiyA hai| suprasiddha itihAsakAra misTara DADavela ne likhA hai ki 'bhAratIya saMskRti mahAsamudra ke samAna hai jisameM aneka nadiyAM A-Akara vilIna hotI rahI haiN| aneka vicAradhArAoM ke sammelana se isa saMskRti meM eka vizvajanInatA utpanna huI jise dekhakara sArA vizva Azcaryacakita hai| samanvaya meM jaina anekAntavAda kI bhUmikA bhAratIya sAMskRtika vicAroM meM, vizeSakara dArzanika vicAradhArAoM meM, paraspara-saMgharSa ko miTA kara unameM saha-astitva, sahiSNutA va udAratA kA saMcAra karane meM jaina paramparA ke 'anekAntavAda' kI eka bar3I bhUmikA rahI hai| vyAvahArika jagat meM pratyeka zAbdika vyavahAra sApekSatA se jur3A huA hotA hai| vaha sApekSa kathana vastu ke pUrNa satya ko kahane meM akSama hotA hai / vaha to satya kA AMzika nirUpaNa hI kara pAtA hai| kyoMki vastu anantadharmAtmaka hotI hai, arthAt usameM paraspara-virUddha dharmoM kA astitva hai / ataH koI bhI kathana kisI dRSTivizeSa se, aura vastu ke kisI dharmavizeSa ko pramukhatA dekara vastu kA sApekSa kathana hotA hai, isalie vaha vastu ke pUrNa satya svarUpa kA vAcaka nahIM ho pAtA / ukta satya ko anekAnta dRSTi hRdayaMgama karAtI hai aura eka sApekSa kathanavizeSa ko satyAMza mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha virodhI vacana ko bhI satyAMza - jena dharma eva vedika dharma kI sAra katika ekatA/12 P C

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kA darjA detI hai| virUddha sApekSa kathana ko bhI satyAMza mAnate hue apane sApekSa kathana ko satyAMza mAnanA- yaha anekAnta dRSTi hai| udAharaNArtha- vastu jahAM nitya hai, vahAM anitya bhI hai, donoM meM sApekSa dRSTi pRthak-pRthak hai / ataH 'vastu nitya' yaha kathana satyAMza hai to 'vastu anitya hai' yaha kathana bhI satyAMza hai| donoM meM paraspara sahayoga va sahiSNutA rakha kara hI satya ko pUrNatA yA prAmANikatA dI jA sakatI hai| jaina paramparA kI yaha anekAnta dRSTi anekatA meM ekatA aura ekatA meM anekatA ko lekara calatI hai| yaha saba vAdoM aura vivAdoM ko sulajhA detI hai| yaha saba kadAgrahoM aura haThAgrahoM ko dUra haTA detI hai| yaha vaha saMjIvanI hai jo abhimAna evaM kadAgraha kI vyAdhiyoM ko naSTa kara detI hai| yaha vaha amRta hai jo ekAnta ke viSa ko niSprabhAvI kara detA hai / isa anekAnta dRSTi ko na kevala zAstroM taka sImita rakhanA cAhie, apitu jIvana-vyavahAra meM bhI utAranA caahie| yadi jIvana vyavahAra meM anekAnta dRSTi A jAtI hai to sarvatra zAnti hI zAnti pratIta hone lagatI hai| yadi yaha anekAnta dRSTi vyavahAra meM nahIM AtI hai to vahAM kleza, vivAda, saMgharSa aura azAnti hI macI rahatI hai| sApekSatA ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA kara jaina paramparA ne bauddhika ahiMsA kA nayA AyAma prastuta kiyaa| usa samaya aneka dArzanika tattva ke nirvAcana meM bauddhika vyAyAma kara rahe the| apane siddhAnta kI sthApanA aura dUsaroM ke siddhAnta kI unmUlanA kA prabala upakrama cala rahA thaa| usa vAtAvaraNa meM jaina paramparA ne dArzanikoM se kahA- 'tumhArA siddhAnta mithyA nahIM hai| para tuma apekSA ke dhAge ko tor3akara usakA pratipAdana kara rahe ho, khaNDa ko akhaNDa batA rahe ho, isa koNa se tumhArA siddhAnta mithyA hai| prathama khaNDa/ 130

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apekSA ke dhAge ko jor3akara usakA pratipAdana karo, mithyA satya ho jAegA aura khaNDa akhaNDa kA pratIka / siddhasena divAkara ne yahI bAta kAvya kI bhASA meM kahI hai udadhAviva sarvasindhavaH, samudIrNAstvayi srvdRssttyH| na ca tAsu bhavAnudIkSyate, pravibhaktAsu sritsvivoddhiH|| (dvAtriMzikA-4/15) - jaise samudra meM sArI nadiyAM milatI haiM, vaisI hI tumhAre darzana meM sArI dRSTiyAM milI huI haiN| bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM meM tuma nahIM dIkhate jaise nadiyoM meM samudra nahIM diikhtaa| isa prakAra, anekAntavAda ne vibhinna vicAradhArAoM meM . paraspara samanvaya kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki Aja vibhinna darzana, paraspara vicAra-bhinnatA rakhate hue bhI dArzanika kSetra meM svatantra astitva banAe hue haiM aura eka sAMjhI saMskRti ke nirmANa meM sahayogI rahe haiN| - donoM saMskRtiyoM/dharmoM meM paraspara samanvaya kI pRSThabhUmi prArambha meM vaidika/brahmaNa saMskRti tathA nivRttipradhAna zramaNa/ jaina saMskRti- ina donoM meM ugra vaicArika matabheda thaa| nizcita hI. yaha sthiti bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva taka to thI hii| maharSi pANini (I. pU. 5 vIM zatI, tathA isake mahAbhASyakAra pataJjali) (I. pU. 2-3 zatI) ne donoM dharmoM ke pArasparika bheda va virodha kA saMketa bhI kiyA hai (dra. yeSAM ca virodhaH zAzvatikaH, aSTAdhyAyI sUtra- 2/4/9, tathA isa para mahAbhASyazramaNa-brAhmaNam) / kintu, kAlAntara meM yaha virodha ghaTA aura donoM vicAradhArAoM meM paraspara-samanvaya ke dvAra khulate gae aura phalasvarUpa eka sAMjhI saMskRti kA sUtrapAta huaa| aitihAsika anuzIlana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki kAlakrama se, donoM saMskRtiyoM meM eka dUsare ke vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna - jaina dharma padika dharma kI sArIka vAtA/14

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hotA rahA aura unakI aneka prArambhika vicAradhArAoM meM thoDAbahuta parivartana-parivardhana-pariSkaraNa hotA rahA, yadyapi donoM ne apane maulika svarUpa ko aparivartita rakhane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai| .. vaidika dharma ho yA jaina dharma, donoM ne paraspara-samanvaya kI dizA meM bar3hate hue aura eka dUsare ke nikaTa Ane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| donoM dharmoM va saMskRtiyoM meM paraspara hue samanvayAtmaka prayAsa nirantara hote rahe haiM aura una prayAsoM ne donoM kI sAMskRtika ekatA kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai| / yadyapi samanvayAtmaka prayAsoM ke viparIta, virodha va pratikriyA ke svara bhI kabhI-kabhI prabala hue haiM, kintu yahAM 'sAMskRtika ekatA' ke samarthaka prayAsoM evaM unase hone vAle vaicArika pariSkAroM/nikhAroM ko rekhAMkita karanA prAsaMgika hogaa| ukta samanvayAtmaka prayAsoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa, saMskRti kA eka samanvita rUpa ubhara kara AyA hai jise hama samagra bhAratIya saMskRti kA 'utsa' kaha sakate haiN| isI utsa yA sAra ko rUpAyita karane vAlI sAMskRtika samanvaya kI pRSThabhUmi para saMkSipta prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa Age kiyA jA rahA hai| paraspara bahumAna va udAra dRSTikoNa: samanvaya kI bhAvanA se donoM dharmoM va saMskRtiyoM ke madhya saMkIrNatA va kaTTaratA meM kamI AtI gaI aura udAratA va sahiSNutA kA mArga prazasta hotA gyaa| udAharaNArtha- vaidika paramparA ke yogavAziSThagravya (vairAgyaprakaraNa, 15/8) meM bhagavAn rAma ne nimralikhita udAra udgAra prakaTa kiye haiM nAhaM rAmo na me vAMchA, bhAveSu na ca me mnH| zAntimAsitumicchAmi, svAtmanIva jino yathA // prathama khaNDa/15

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arthAt jisa prakAra, jinendra (tIrthaMkara Adi) Atma-sAdhanA meM tallIna rahakara parama zAnti upalabdha karate haiM, usI taraha kI merI bhI icchA hai| aba merA sAMsArika padArthoM meM mana (Asakti kA bhAva) nahIM hai aura koI cAha bhI nahIM bacI hai| uparyukta kathana se vaha spaSTa pramANita hotA hai ki zramaNa jaina saMskRti ne bhAratIya saMskRti kA abhinna aMga bana kara, adhyAtmasAdhanA kI dRSTi se apanA utkRSTa sthAna banA liyA thaa| vaidika paramparA meM bhAgavata purANa (ke paMcama skandha, 3-6 adhyAyoM) meM zramaNa saMskRti ke prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha yA RSabhadeva ko eka aise IzvarIya avatAra ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai jo vAtarazanA-pUrNasaMyamI zramaNoM kI paramparA ke dharma kA udbodhana dene ke lie avatarita hue the| bhAgavata purANa ke eka padya (5/6/19) meM unake prati namana karate hue unake prati pUrNa AsthA va zraddhA isa prakAra prakaTa kI gaI hai: nityAnubhUtanijalAbhanivRttatRSNaH, zeyasyatadracanayA cirasuptabuddheH / lokasya yaH karuNayAbhayamAtmaloka mAravyAnnamo bhagavate RSabhAya tsmai|| -arthAt cirakAla se nirantara viSaya-bhogoM kI tRSNA ke kAraNa jo loga vAstavika kalyANa se besudha ho rahe the, unheM jisane karuNAvaza nirbhaya Atmaloka kA upadeza diyA aura jo svayaM AtmasvarUpa ko upalabdha kara sabhI tRSNAoM se mukta ho gae the- una bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko hamArA namaskAra hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI A. siddhasena (I. 5 vIM zatI), A. haribhadra (I. 8 vI. zatI) evaM A. hemacandra (I. 12 vIM zatI) jaise AcAryoM ne samanvaya va udAratA kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| prasiddha jainAcArya haribhadra ne apane grantha 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya' grantha meM jainetara vibhinna jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sArakRtika ekatA/16

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dArzanika vicAradhArAoM ko jaina anekAntavAda kI pRSThabhUmi meM jaina paramparA ke anukUla/saMgata siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| AcArya haribhadra jaise udAravAdI jainAcAryoM ke ukta prayAsa ke phalasvarUpa samagra bhAratIya saMskRti meM eka samanvaya va paraspara bahumAna kA jo sukhada vAtAvaraNa banA, usake nidarzana ke lie to eka zodha-prabandha paryApta hogA, kintu yahAM saMkSepa meM kucha nidarzana denA paryApta hogaa| AcArya haribhadra ke grantha 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' (ke padya saM. 8) para TIkAkAra A. guNaratnasUrI (14-15 vIM zatI vi.) ne samanvita bhAratIya saMskRti kI vicAradhArA ko samarthana dete hue nimnalikhita udgAra prakaTa kiyeH zrotavyaH saugato dharmaH, kartavyaH punraahtH| vaidiko vyavahartavyaH, dhyAtavyaH paramaH shivH|| arthAt bauddha dharma zravaNa karane yogya hai, kartavyatA yAnI purUSArtha-sampAdana kI dRSTi se Arhata/jaina dharma upAdeya hai, sAMsArika AcAra-vyavahAra kI dRSTi se vaidika dharma kI upAdeyatA hai aura dhyAnasAdhanA kI dRSTi se parama ziva (vItarAgatA ke pratIka deva) upAdeya haiN| isI taraha, AcArya somadeva sUri (1-11 vIM zatI) ne laukika AcAra-vyavahAra meM udAratA-pUrNa dRSTikoNa isa prakAra vyakta kiyAH sarva eva hi jainAnAM pramANaM laukiko vidhiH| yatra samyaktvahAnirna, yatra na vratadUSaNam // (upAsakAdhyayana, 34/48) zrutiH zAstrAntaraM vA'stu pramANaM vA'tra kA ksstiH| (upAsakAdhyayana, 34/477) arthAt apane samyaktva (deva, guru, va zAstra ke prati zraddhA) ko AMca na Ave aura apane vrata-niyama kA ullaMdhana nahIM hotA ho, aise kisI bhI laukika AcAra-vidhi ko pramANatA yA mAnyatA dene meM koI harja nahIM hai|

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- zruti (veda, smRti) yA jainetara koI bhI zAstra ukta vaicArika pRSThabhUmi meM hamAre lie mAnya ho sakatA hai, hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai| ukta udAratA va sahiSNutA ko aura Age baDhAte hue mahAbhAratakAra ne yahAM taka vyavasthA dI ki jo dharma dUsare dharmoM para AghAta karatA hai yA usakA virodha karatA hai, vaha 'dharma' hI nahIM hai dharmaM yo bAdhate dharmaH, na sa dharmaH kudharma tt| avirodhAttu yo dharmaH sa dharmaH satyavikramaH // - (mahAbhArata-3/131/11-13) niSkarSa yaha hai ki apanI maulika mAnyatAoM ko akhaMDita rakhate hue, anya dharma yA usake anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha milanAjulanA, tathA unake kriyAkANDoM meM sammilita honA jaina saMskRti meM svIkArA gayA / isa udAratA ne eka sAjhI saMskRti ke nirmANa ko gati dii| svatantra vicAroM kI dArzanika abhivyakti bhAratIya sAMskRtika kSetra meM sambhavataH jaina anekAntavAda ke prabhAva se, svatantra dArzanika vicAroM ko phalane-phUlane kA pUrNa avasara milA / phalasvarUpa vaidika saMskRti meM maulika/prArambhika vicAradhArA se haTa kara aise vicAroM kI bhI abhivyakti prabala hotI gaI jo jaina saMskRti se sAmya rakhate the yA jina para usakA prabhAva parilakSita hotA thA / udAharaNArthaH 1. jJAnakANDa kI pramukhatA tathA yajJa-virodha: vaidika saMskRti meM yajJa ko pradhAnatA prApta thI to jaina dharma meM Atma-vidyA yA 'jJAna' (samyakjJAna) kI pramukhatA thii| samanvaya ke vAtAvaraNa meM vaidika paramparA ne karmakANDa kI apekSA 'jJAnakANDa' jaina dharma TikA dharma kI sArakatika ekatA/181

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kA pravartana huaa| upaniSatkAla meM Atma-vidyA ko pramukha dene sambandhI udgAra prakaTa kiye jinase upaniSatsAhitya bharA-par3A hai| muNDakopaniSat (1/1/3-5) meM kahA gayA ki Rgveda Adi 'aparA vidyA haiM' kintu AtmavidyA hI 'parA vidyA hai jisase paramAtma-tattva kA bodha hotA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki 'veda' traiguNya-viSaya (bhoga-sAdhanoM taka jinakA viSaya sImita hai) haiM, kintu traiguNyarahita honA zreyaskara hai (dra. giitaa-2/45)| uta kathana veda' kI apekSA jJAna-mArga kI sarvotkRSTatA ko pratipAdita karate haiN| 2. yajJa kI avadhAraNA meM pariSkAra: vaidika dharma meM yajJIya vidhi-vidhAna ko pramukhatA thii| isameM kI jAne vAlI pazu-hiMsA ko 'vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati' kahakara (vedokta yajJa-vidhi meM hone vAlI hiMsA ko) hiMsA-doSa se nirmukta batAyA jAtA thaa| jaina paramparA isa hiMsaka yajJa vidhi ke pUrNataH viruddha thii| svatantra abhivyakti ke vAtAvaraNa kA jaba nirmANa huA to vaidika paramparA meM hI hiMsaka yajJa ke virodha meM svara mukhara ho uThe / vaidika purANoM evaM mahAbhArata Adi granthoM meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA ki yajJa meM hiMsA zAstra-sammata va dharmasammata nahIM hai (draSTavyaH mahAbhArataH 13/91/13-16, matsyapurANa-143/29-3 aadi)| jaina paramparA meM 'dravya yajJa' ke sthAna para 'jJAna yajJa' yA AdhyAtmika yajJa (saMyama, tapa Adi) mAnya thA (dra. uttarAdhyayana-12/ 42-44), tadanurUpa vaidika paramparA ke mahanIya grantha 'gItA' meM jJAnayajJa kI zreSThatA udghoSita kI gaI (zreyAn dravyamayAd yajJAda jJAnayajJaH, gItA-4/33) | mahAbhAratakAra ne bhI spaSTa kahA- yajJa se bhI tapa zreSTha hai- tapo yajJAdapi zreSTham (mahAbhArata-12/79/17)| sAtha hI, yaha bhI kahA ki yajJa meM pazu-hiMsA mAnya nahIM hai (ahiMsyA yajJapazavaH- mahAbhArata, 12/34/82) / prathama gaNDa/19 prathama khaNDa/19

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3. Izvara sRSTikartA nahIM: vaidika paramparA meM prAkRtika daivI zaktiyoM ko sRSTi kA niyamana karane vAlI mAnA jAtA thaa| eka paramadeva (Izvara-paramezvara) kI bhI avadhAraNA thI jo ukta sabhI zaktiyoM kA adhipati thA (gItA-1/8,2/18, zvetAzvataropaniSad-1/8-1, taittirIyopaniSad 2/8, kaThopa. 2/5/15/aadi)| ___ jaina paramparA sRSTi ko anAdi mAnatI hai aura isakA kartA kisI ko nahIM maantii| vaicArika samanvaya kI dizA ke prazasta hone para, sAMkhya-yoga va pUrvamImAMsA jaise darzanoM ke mAdhyama se saSTi kI anAditA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA aura sRSTi ke nirmANa yA saMcAlana meM Izvara kI anupayogitA batAI gii| yogadarzana meM jisa 'Izvara' kI avadhAraNA hai (dra. yogadarzana-1/24)/, vaha jaina paramparA ke vItarAga Izvara/ paramezvara kI avadhAraNA se paryApta sAmya rakhatI hai| 4. jAti kI atAtvikatA : vaidika paramparA varNAzrama vyavasthA ko pramukhatA detI thii| vyavahAra meM vaidika dharma ko 'varNAzrama dharma' bhI kahA jAtA thaa| jaina paramparA meM ukta vyavasthA ko amAnya kiyA gayA thaa| jaina paramparA meM zreSThatA kA mAnadaNDa guNa the| vaha janma ke AdhAra para kisI kI zreSThatA yA azreSThatA ko nahIM mAnatI thI, apitu guNoM ke AdhAra para mAnatI thI (dra. uttarAdhyayana-25/33)|isIlie, jaina AgamoM meM tapa, saMyama va ahiMsA Adi sadguNoM se sampanna vyakti hI zreSThatama yA brAhmaNa mAnA gayA (dra. uttarAdhyayana-25/19-29, 33) / ___ kAlAntara meM vaidika paramparA meM bhI udghoSa kiyA gayA-Izvara ne varNavyavasthA kA sRjana guNa-karma ke AdhAra para kiyA hai (gItA- 4/13) / mahAbhArata Adi granthoM meM 'janmanA jAti' para AghAta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yadi zUdra jAti meM utpanna vyakti meM brAhmaNocita guNa hai jo vaha 'zUdra' nahIM, brAhmaNa hI hai (draSTavyaH mahAbhArata- 3/18/23-25) / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA/201

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5. Azrama-vyavasthA meM lacIlApana : vaidika paramparA meM Azrama vyavasthA ke anurUpa mAnavajIvana kI samagra caryA ko vyavasthita kiyA gayA thaa| brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha, saMnyAsa- isa krama se mAnava ke lie Azramocita eka kramika va maryAdita jIvana-caryA kA pAlana karanA vahAM anivArya mAnA gayA thA (dra. manusmRti- 6/87) | gRhasthAzrama kI vizeSa mahattA bhI mAnI jAtI thii| isake viparIta, jaina paramparA saMsAra-virakti ko hI adhika zreyaskara mAnatI thii| hAM, jo vyakti pUrNataH saMsAra-virakta hone kI kSamatA nahIM rakhatA thA, usake lie gRhastha caryA upAdeya mAnI jAtI thI (dra. uttarAdhyayana- 9/42-44) kintu vaicArika samanvaya kA vAtAvaraNa aisA nirmita huA ki vaidika paramparA meM bhI Azrama-vyavasthA kI kaThoratA ko udAra va zithila banAne kI pravRtti bddhii| jAbAlopaniSad (4) meM tathA AcArya zaMkara ne yaha spaSTa udghoSaNA kI ki saMnyAsa kisI bhI vaya meM svIkArA jA sakatA hai, bazarte virakti ke bhAva jAgRta hoN| dUsarI tarapha, jaina paramparA ke purANoM meM cAroM AzramoM kI vyavasthA ko mAnyatA dI gaI (draSTavyaH A. jinasena kRta mahApurANa 39/151-1 52) / 6. AstikatA kA udAra mAnadaNDa: vaidika saMskRti meM Astika va nAstika kA vibhAjana bahuta purAnA hai| nAstika ko nindanIya evaM sAmAjika dRSTi se tiraskaraNIya mAnA jAtA thA / veda-nindaka ko 'nAstika' (nAstiko vedanindakaHmahAbhArata-12/168/8, manusmRti- 2/11) kahA jatA thaa| isa paribhASA meM jaina paramparA 'nAstika' kI zreNI meM parigaNita kI jAtI thii| kAlAntara meM isa paribhASA ko lacIlA banAyA gayA aura AtmA va paraloka Adi ke astitva ko svIkAra karane vAloM ko prathama khaNDa/21

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'Astika' mAnA gayA (dra pANini - sUtra - asti nAsti diSTaM matiH (4/4/ 60) - asti paraloka ityevaM matiryasya sa AstikaH) / isa paribhASA se jaina paramparA 'Astika' zreNI meM samAhita mAnI jAne lagI / 7. eka hI lakSya ke vividha mArga hone kI mAnyatA :dhArmika udAratA kI pravRtti ko nayA AyAma dete hue mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne kahA ki sabhI darzana eka hI parama tattva ko prApta karane ke vibhinna mArga haiN| jaise gaMgA kI sabhI dhArAeM samudra meM jAkara milatI haiM, vaise hI sabhI dArzanika dhArAeM usI paramAtma tattva ko lakSya rakhakara pravartamAna haiM: bahudhA'pyAgamairbhinnAH panthAnaH siddhihetavaH / tvayyeva nipatantyaughA jAnhavIyA ivArNave // (raghuvaMza 1 /26) vastutaH mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI uparyukta vicAradhArA kI pRSThabhUmi vaidika kAla meM hI pratiSThApita ho cukI thI / vaidika vicAradhArA hai tadevAgnistadAdityastadvAyustadu cndrmaaH| tadeva zukraM tad brahmatA ApaH sa prajApatiH // (yajurveda 32 / 1 ) - arthAt agni, Aditya, vAyu, prajApati Adi devatA vAstava eka hI mUlatattva kI vibhUtiyAM haiM / manusmRti (12/123) meM isI bhAvanA ko Age baDhAte hue kahA gayA hai etameke vadantyagniM manumanye prajApatim / indra meke pare prANamapare brahma zAzvatam // arthAt agni, prajApati, indra nAmoM se vAstava meM eka hI mUlatattva ko kahA jAtA hai / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA / 22

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aMta meM, hanumannATaka (1/3) meM ukta vicAradhArA ko prauDharUpa isa prakAra diyA gayA yaM zaivAH samupAsate ziva iti brahmeti vedAntino bauddhA buddha iti pramANapaTavaH karteti naiyaayikaaH| arhannityatha jainazAsanaratAH karmeti mImAMsakAH so'yaM vo vidadhAtu vAJchitaphalaM trailokyanAtho hriH|| arthAt trilokInAtha paramezvara hari- jisakI upAsanA zaiva loga 'ziva' rUpa meM, vedAntamatAnuyAyI 'brahma' rUpa meM, bauddha loga 'buddha' rUpa meM, pramANadakSa naiyAyika sRSTikartA-Izvara ke rUpa meM, jainadharmAnuyAyI arhanta deva ke rUpa meM, aura mImAMsaka loga 'karma' ke rUpa meM karate haiM- vaha hama (Apa) sabhI ko vAMchita phala pradAna kre| uparyukta vicAradhArA ne sabhI vicAradhArAoM meM paraspara sahagAminI hone kA gaurava jAgRta kiyA aura sAMskRtika kSetra meM samanvaya kI udAra pravRtti ko aura bhI adhika dRDha kiyaa| 8. dharma kA prAmANika srota: vaidika paramparA 'dharma' ke upadeza kA srota (veda) ko mAnatI hai| (manusmRti. 2/6,13, mahAbhArata (3/25/41) jaina paramparA meM vItarAgasarvajJa tIrthaMkara hI 'dharma' ke mUla upadeSTA mAne jAte haiM / (dhammatitthayare jiNe-caturviMzatistava sUtra, bhaktAmara stotra-25,35 Adi) aura jinavANI ke AdhAra para dharma-adharma kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika paramparA kI udAravAdI vicAradhArA ne 'veda' ke atirikta mahApuruSoM ke sadAcAra ko tathA Atma-tuSTi Adi ko bhI dharma-srota vadharma-lakSaNa ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA (dra. manusmRti 2/12) / itanA hI nahIM, vItarAga mahApuruSoM dvArA sevita AcAra ko bhI dharma ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gaI (manusmRti, 2/1) : prathama khaNDa/23

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vidvadbhiH sevitaH sadbhiH, nityamadveSarAgibhiH / hRdayenAbhyanujJAtaH, yo dharmastaM nibodht|| uparyukta mAnyatA jaina paramparA kI mAnyatA ke paryApta nikaTa/ anukUla thii| mahAbhArata meM to eka jagaha yahAM taka kahA gayA ki zrutiyAM bhinna-bhinna va aneka haiM, Akhira kise pramANa mAneM, dharma kA rahasya gUDha hI hai, ataH mahApuruSa jisakA AcaraNa kareM, use hI apanAeM (mahAbhArata- 3/3/113) isa kathana se sAmAnya jana ke lie mahApuruSoM ke AcAra ko hI dharma kA prakAza-srota mAnane kA parAmarza diyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| (sAMskRtika ekatA ke dharAtala para) sArvajanIna AsthA ke vicAra-bindu uparyukta vaicArika samanvaya kI pRSThabhUmi meM jisa eka sAjhI saMskRti kA sUtrapAta huA, usameM vidyamAna samAna AsthA vAle vicAra-binduoM kA digdarzana karAnA yahAM upayukta hogaa| 1. dharma kI avadhAraNA : dharma kA svarUpa eka hai, usakA sAmpradAyika svarUpa bhinnabhinna ho jAtA hai| jaina va vaidika- donoM hI paramparAoM ne dharma kI paribhASA eka jaisI hI svIkAra kI hai| vaha hai- 'dhAraNAd dharmaH' athavA 'dhatte iti dharmaH' / dharma nIce girane se bacAtA hai, sAtha hI unnati kI ora le jAtA hai| vaidika paramparA ke mahAbhArata kA eka vacana hai dhAraNAd dharma ityAhuH, dharmo dhArayate prjaaH| yaH syAd dhAraNasaMyuktaH sa dharma iti nishcyH|| (mahAbhArata-8/69/58,12/19/11) jaina paramparA kA bhI vacana uparyukta bhAva kA hI samarthana karatA hai: - jaina dharma etaM vaidika dharma kI sArakRtika ekatA/24

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durgatiprasRtAn jIvAn yasmAddhArayate ytH| / dhatte caitAn zubhasthAne, tasmAd dharma iti smRtH|| (dazavaikAlika cUrNi, pR.15) vaidika paramparA meM dharma ke / bheda mAne gae haiM- dhRti, kSamA, dama (manaHsaMyama), asteya, zauca, indriyanigraha, dhI (zAstrAdi tattvajJAna), vidyA (Atma-jJAna), satya va akrodhaH dhRtiH kSamA damo'steyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / dhIvidyA satyamakrodho dazakaM dharmalakSaNam // (manusmRti, 6/92) jaina paramparA meM bhI zAnti(kSamAzIlatA), mukti (anAsakti), Arjava (saralatA), mArdava (mRdutA), lAghava (namratA), satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga va brahmacarya- ina dasa dharmoM ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai: dasavidhe samaNadhamme pnnnntte| taM jahA- khaMtI, muttI, ajjave, maddave, lAghave, sacce, saMjame, tave, ciyAe, baMbhaceravAse (sthAnAMga-1/ 16 ; smvaayaaNg-1)| donoM paramparAoM ke ukta daza dharmoM meM nAmabheda ko gauNa kareM to bhAvAtmaka dRSTi se inameM paryApta samAnatA hI hai| dharmAcaraNa kI preraNA donoM paramparAoM meM pracura rUpa se aura prakhara rUpa se dI gaI hai| vaidika upaniSad kA udghoSa hai- dharmaM cara (taittirIya upa. 1/11/1) arthAt dharma ko AcaraNa meM utAro / isI manobhAvanA kA jaina paramparA bhI samartha karatI hai- dhammaM cara (uttarAdhyayana suutr-18/3)| 2. manuSya yoni kI zreSThatA va durlabhatAH donoM paramparAeM prANi -jagat meM manuSya kI zreSThatA kI udghoSaNA karatI haiN| mahAbhAratakAra ne spaSTa udghoSaNA kI- guhyaM brahma tadidaM bravImi, na mAnuSAcchreSThataraM hi kiJcit (mahAbhArata, 12/299/ pradhama rANA 75 - MAIR MIRI

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2) - arthAt yaha eka rahasya kI bAta Apa logoM ko batA rahA hUM ki manuSya janma se adhika koI anya zreSTha nahIM hai / paramparA bhI isI svara meM udghoSita kiyA- mANussaM khu dullahaM (uttarAdhyayana- 2 / 11 ), arthAt manuSya-ya -yoni prApta karanA nizcaya hI durlabha hai| yahAM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki manuSya mAtra kI zreSThatA mAnI gaI hai, kisI jAti vizeSa kI zreSThatA nahIM hai| donoM paramparAeM isa satya kI udghoSaNA karatI haiM ki manuSya mAtra eka hI jAti hai, isameM choTe-bar3e kA bheda nahIM hai / mahAbhAratakAra ne isI kA samarthana karate hue kahA- na vizeSo'sti varNAnAM sarvaM brAhmamidaM jagat (mahAbhArata-12/188/1 ) - arthAt varNoM ke AdhAra para (brAhmaNa Adi) koI bheda nahIM hai, sabhI jagat brahmamaya hai / jaina paramparA kA bhI isI dizA meM cintana-pravAha pravartita huA hai - manuSyajAtirekaiva (A. jinasena -kRta mahApurANa - 38/45) arthAt manuSya jAti eka hI hai| isI krama meM yaha bhI kahA gayA - nAsti tikRto bhedaH (mahApurANa-74/492) arthAt jAti-kRta bheda (vAstavika ) nahIM hai, tathA egA maNussa-jAI (AcArAMga - niyukti- 19 ) arthAt manuSya jAti eka hai| (3) sAjhe buniyAdI naitika mUlya aura sadAcAra ke mAnadaNDa bhAratIya saMskRti kA prANa 'dharma' rahA hai / dharma se anuprANita hokara hI vaha pravartita hotI rahI hai| sAmAjika vikAsa yA unnati kI dRSTi se 'dharma' ne eka saMjIvinI zakti kA kArya kiyA hai| mAnava-jIvana ke vikAsa yA sAMskRtika utthAna ke lie jo bhI niyama va maryAdAeM Avazyaka va upayogI pratIta hotI haiM, una saba ko 'dharma' apane meM sameTe hue hai| vaha laukika dRSTi se sarvavidha abhyudaya kA pramukha AdhAra rahA hai| bhAratIya dharma kI yaha vizeSatA jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA / 26

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rahI hai ki vaha laukika abhyudaya ke sAtha-sAtha pAralaukika niHzreyasa kA bhI sAdhana banatA hai (dra. yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharmaH, vaizeSika sUtra- 1/1/1 ) / niSkarSataH, cAhe sAmAjika vyavahAra yA naitika sadAcAra hoM yA cAhe AtmotthAna kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA mArga ho, 'dharma' sarvatra mArgadarzaka rahatA hai| vaidika va jaina- donoM hI paramparAoM ne ekamata se ahiMsA ko parama dharma svIkAra karate hue kahA- ahiMsA paramo dharmaH (mahAbhArata- 3/27/74, lATI saMhitA- 1 /1) / jaina dharma kI to ahiMsApradhAnatA sarvavidita hai hI / 'ahiMsA' kA eka vyApaka artha yahAM liyA gayA hai / satya, acaurya, aparigraha, brahmacarya Adi naitika AcAra ke mAnadaNDa hoM, yA maitrI, karuNA, kSamA, dayA, paropakArapriyatA, santoSavRtti, dAna va tyAga kI bhAvanA, udAratA, sahiSNutA jaisI prazasta mAnavIya bhAvanAeM hoM, ve ahiMsA dharma rUpI mahAvRkSa kI zAkhA prazAkhAeM hI mAnI gaI haiM / vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM uparyukta buniyAdI naitika mUlyoM va sadAcAra ke mAnadaNDoM ko pUrNataH svIkArA gayA hai| isa satya ke samarthaka anekAneka sandarbha-vAkya pracura mAtrA meM donoM paramparAoM ke sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiM / (puruSArtha catuSTaya kI mAnyatA :-) bhAratIya saMskRti meM cAra puruSArthoM kI avadhAraNA mAnya rahI hai / ve cAra puruSArtha haiM - ( 1 ) dharma (2) artha, (3) kAma, aura (4) mokSa | mokSa vyakti kA antima lakSya hai / dharma-artha-kAma kA trivarga mokSa kA sAdhana hai / puruSArthoM meM mAnava-jIvana kA uddezya antarnihita hai | artha va kAma- * inakI sAdhanA dharma-saMgata hI honI caahie| ina puruSArthoM kI sAdhanA karate hue mAnava apanI jIvanayAtrA ko sucAru rUpa se maryAdita va surakSita banAtA hai (draSTavyaH manusmRti- 2/224, 6/87, mahAbhArata - 12 / 167 adhyAya, 12/27/24-27, 3/313/11-12 Adi) / prathama khaNDa / 27

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jaina paramparA meM bhI ukta cAroM puruSArthoM kI mAnyatA prApta hai aura dharma ko pradhAna sAdhana tathA mokSa ko pradhAna lakSya bhI mAnA gayA hai / AcArya jinasena ne AdipurANa meM dharma, artha, kAma - isa trivarga (dra. AdipurANa - 2 / 31 ) ko mAnyatA dI hai (arthe catuSTayI vRtti: uttarapurANa- 51/7-8) / jaina AcArya jinasena va guNabhadra ne 'mahApurANa' meM dharma, artha, kAma- isa trivarga kI dharmAnukUlatA ko mAnyatA dI hai (dra. AdipurANa - 2 / 31, uttarapurANa- 51 / 7-8 ) | AcArya hemacandra ne mokSa ko pradhAna purUSArtha mAnate hue spaSTa kahA hai: : caturvarge'graNIrmokSaH (haimayogazAstra- 1 /15) / AcArya umAsvAti ne prazamaratiprakaraNa (132) meM dharmaavirUddha samasta loka vyavahAra calAne kI preraNA dI haisaddharmAnuparodhAt tasmAlloko'bhigamanIyaH / donoM hI paramparAoM ne samAja va rASTra ke abhyudaya eva prANimAtra ke sukha, kalyANa va hita kI kAmanA karate. hue ''ahiMsA dharma' kI sArvajanInatA ko vyAvahArika abhivyakti dI hai| niSkarSataH donoM paramparAoM ke sAMskRtika udAtta cintana kA sAra isa prakAra rahA hai: sarveSAM maMgalaM bhUyAt, sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kAzcid duHkhabhAgbhavet // (garuDapurANa, 2/35/52) arthAt sabhI kA kalyANa ho, maMgala ho, sabhI nIroga hoM, koI duHkhI na ho aura sabhI loga maMgalamaya dekheM - anubhava kreN| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne bhI isI cintana ko eka vAkya meM abhivyakta kiyA hai- sarvaH sarvatra nandatu (vikramorvazIya 5/25)- arthAt samasta prANI sarvatra / sarvadA prasanna raheM / vaidika paramparA ke uparyukta cintana se pUrNataH sAmya rakhatA huA jaina paramparA kA nimnalikhita vacana hai: jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAkRtika ekatA / 28

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sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu, mA kAzcitpApamAcaret // . (jaina AcArya haribhadrakRta dharmabindu prakaraNa, 72) - sabhI loga sukhI hoM, sabhI nIroga hoM, sabhI maMgalamaya dekheM- anubhava kareM aura koI (parapIDAkArI) pApa na kre| (4) kAlacakra va sAMskRtika vikAsa kI mAnyatAeM (kAlacakraH) kAla kI upamA cakra se dI jAtI hai| gAr3I ke pahiye kI taraha kAla bhI ghUmatA rahatA hai| isalie usakA jo bhAga kabhI Upara rahatA hai, vaha bAda meM nIce A jAtA hai| yaha nirantara parivartana kA pratIka hai| isalie kabhI sukha, samRddhi-unnati kI dazA hotI hai to kabhI duHkha, daridratA va avanati/hAsa kii| jaina paramparA meM kAla-cakra ke do bhAga mAne gae haiM jo kramazaH anAdi kAla se pravartita hote rahe haiN| ve bhAga haiM-(1) utsarpiNI, aura (2) avsrpinnii| utsarpiNI ke bAda avasarpiNI aura punaH utsarpiNI- isa prakAra ananta cakra calatA rahatA hai| ___ utsarpiNI cakra unnatimukhI hotA hai, arthAt isameM jIvoM kI Ayu, bala, AkAra, parAkrama va sukha-samRddhi kramazaH baDhatI calI jAtI haiN| isake viparIta, avasarpiNI kAlacakra meM ye kramazaH hAsamukhI hotI haiN| inheM zukla pakSa va kRSNapakSa kI taraha bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai| (dra. jambUdvIpaprajJapti-2 vakSaskAra, tiloyapaNNatti-4/1614, jaina padmapurANa3/73 Adi) vaidika paramparA ke viSNupurANa meM bhI ukta vyavasthA kA samarthana karate hue likhA hai ki karmabhUmi meM ukta dvividha vyavasthA pravartamAna rahatI hai, bhogabhUmiyoM meM nahIM avasarpiNI na teSAM vai, naiva cotsarpiNI dvij| na tveSAmasti yugAvasthA, teSu sthAneSu sptsu|| ___ (viSNu purANa, 2/4/13) prathama sara 29

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- arthAt jambUdvIpa ke anya sAta kSetroM meM utsarpiNI va avasarpiNI- ye donoM kAlacakra pravartita nahIM hote, mAtra bhAratabhUmi (karmabhUmi) meM hI dvividha kAlacakra-vyavasthA mAnya hai| (karmabhUmi kI avadhAraNAH) jaina paramparA meM jambUdvIpa meM tIna karmabhUmiyAM mAnI gaI haiM- bharata, airAvata tathA mahAvideha (kucha bhAga) (dra. ThANAMga-3/3/ 183) zeSa kSetroM meM bhogabhUmi kI vyavasthA hai (rAjavArtika- 3/37/14) / vartamAna bhAratavarSa 'karmabhUmi' ke antargata hai| karmabhUmi vaha hotI hai jahAM loga kRSi, asi, maSI Adi karmoM ke dvArA apanA jIvana nirvAha karate haiM (rAjavArtika- 3/37/3) / yahAM ke hI loga puNyapApAnusAra svargAdi gatiyoM meM tathA karma-kSaya kara mokSa prApta kara sakate haiN| vaidika paramparA meM bhI bhAratabhUmi ko karmabhUmi ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gaI hai (dra.mArkaNDeya purANa-55/2-21, agnipurANa-118/2 aadi)| (viSNupurANa- 2/3/1-5) meM karmabhUmi ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita samdarbha prApta hotA hai: uttaraM yatsamudrasya himAdrezcaiva dakSiNam / varSa tad bhArataM nAma, bhAratI yatra snttiH|| navayojanasAhasro vistAro'sya mhaamune| karmabhUmiriyaM svargamapavargaM ca gacchatAm / / ataH samprApyate svargo muktimasmAt prayAnti vai| tiryaktvaM narakaM cApi yAntyataH puruSA mune| itaH svargazca mokSazca, madhyaM cAntazca gmyte| na khalvanyatra mAnAM karmabhUmau vidhiiyte|| arthAt samudra ke uttara aura himAcala ke dakSiNa meM sthita bhAratavarSa kA vistAra nau hajAra yojana hai| yaha svarga aura mokSa jAne vAle logoM kI karmabhUmi hai| isI karmabhUmi se manuSya svarga va

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mukti prApta kara sakate haiM aura yahIM se (karmAnusAra) tiryaMca va naraka jaisI gatiyoM meM jAte haiM- ataH yaha karmabhUmi hai| isa bhAratavarSa ke sivA anya kSetra meM karmabhUmi nahIM hai| - vaidika paramparA meM 'caturyuga' kI bhI avadhAraNA hai| satya yuga, tretA yuga, dvApara yuga aura kaliyuga- ye cAra yuga mAne gae haiN| tretA meM bhagavAn rAma tathA dvApara meM zrIkRSNa kA avatAra huA mAnA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM kaliyuga kI pravartanA hai / bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra satyayuga meM dharma apane cAra caraNoM se yukta hokara pUrNa svastha rahatA hai aura kaliyuga taka Ate-Ate yaha eka pAMva vAlA raha jAtA hai (draSTavyaH bhAgavata purANa 1/17/24-25, 3/12/21, manusmRti1/81-85) jaina paramparA meM caturyuga vibhAjana to prApta nahIM hai, tathApi vaidika paramparA kI ukta vyavasthA kramazaH hrAsamukhI hai aura jaina paramparA ke 'avasarpiNI' kAlacakra ke pratikUla nahIM hai| (kulakara-vyavasthAH) jaina paramparA meM 'kulakara' kI avadhAraNA aura vaidika paramparA kI 'manu' (manvantara) kI avadhAraNA meM sAmya jhalakatA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra 'kulakara' sAmAjika saMsthApaka hote haiN| bhoga va tyAga ke samanvita jIvana ko pratipAdita karanA, jIvana-mUlyoM ko niyamabaddha kara ekatA va maryAdA meM saMsthApita karanA, anuzAsana kI sthApanA, zAnti va santulana kAyama karanA, sAmAjika kalyANakArI rIti-rivAjoM ko pracalita karanA Adi kulakaroM kA uddezya mAnA jAtA hai (dra. AdipurANa-3/22-163, harivaMza purANa-7/1617, padmapurANa- 3/3-88 aadi)|kulkroN kI saMkhyA 7, 14 yA 16 mAnI gaI hai| jambUdvIpa prajJapti (2/35) nAmaka jaina Agama meM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se pUrva 14 kulakaroM kA honA mAnA gayA hai| paumacariyaM (padmacarita 3/5-55) meM usI kA anukaraNa karate hue 14 kulakaroM ke nAma isa prakAra batAye gaye haiM

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1.sumati 2. pratizruti 3. sImaMkara 4. sImandhara 5. kSemaMkara 6. kSemandhara 7. vimalavAhana 8. cakSuSmAn 9. yazasvAn / . abhicandra 11. candrAbha, 12. prasenajit 1 3. marudeva 14 nAbhi / vaidika paramparA meM (pratikalpa) 14 manuoM kI saMkhyA mAnI gaI hai| viSNupurANa (3/1), mArkaNDeyapurANa (94 va 99 adhyAya) tathA bhAgavata purANa (8/13, 3/12/23) meM 14 manuoM kI nAmAvali isa prakAra haiM 1.svAyambhuva manu 2. svArociSa manu 3. uttama manu 4. tAmasa manu 5. raivata manu 6. cAkSuSa manu 7. vaivasvata manu (= zrAddhadeva) 8. sAvarNi manu 9. dakSasAvarNi manu .. brahmasAvarNi 11. dharmasAvarNi 12.rudrasAvarNi 13. devasAvarNi (ruci, raucya) 14. indrasAvarNi (bhauma, bhautya) vaidika paramparA ke manuoM kA kArya bhI jaina paramparA ke 'kulakaroM' ke jaisA hI hai| (bhAgavata purANa 8/14/1-9) ke anusAra samaya-samaya para vizva-vyavasthA ko sucAru rupa se saMcAlita karanA, dharma- anuSThAna ko pravartita karanA, zAsana-vyavasthA kI pravartanA Adi kArya manuoM ke hote haiN| manuoM kI saMkhyA caudaha mAnI gaI hai

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(bhAgavata-8/13/11) / yadi donoM paramparAoM kI nAmAvalI meM nAma-bheda para dhyAna na deM to donoM dharmoM kI avadhAraNAoM meM paryApta sAmya hai / (5) bhArata varSa - nAmakaraNaH jaina va vaidika- donoM saMskRtiyAM isI bhAratabhUmi meM pallavita va vikasita huI haiN| donoM hI paramparAeM yaha mAnatI haiM ki RSabhadeva ke putra 'bharata' ke nAma para 'bhAratavarSa' nAma par3A / vaidika purANa bhAgavata meM RSabha ko viSNu kA viziSTa avatAra mAnA gayA hai| vahAM batAyA gayA hai ki unake putra 'bharata' ke nAma para isa deza kA nAma 'ajanAbha' ke sthAna para bhAratavarSa par3AH ajanAbhaM nAma etavarSaM, bhAratamiti yata Arabhya vyapadizanti ( bhAgavata - 5/7/3) / teSAM vai bharato jyeSTho nArAyaNaparAyaNaH / vikhyAtaM varSametad yannAmnA bhAratamadbhutam // (bhAgavata - 11/2/17) isI tathya kA samarthana anya purANoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai (draSTavyaH mArkaNDeya purANa- 93 / 38-4, brahmANDa purANa- 14/61, viSNu purANa2/1/32, vAyu purANa- 33/52, agri purANa- 1/12, nArada purANa- 48 /5, vArAha purANa- 74 adhyAya, skandha purANa- 37/57, liMga purANa- 47 / 24, ziva purANa - 52 adhyAya) / jaina paramparA bhI ukta tathya ko samarthana karatI haitarasa bharaho bharahavAsacUDAmaNI / tasseva nAmeNa iha bhArahavAsaM ti pacati (vasudevahiNDI, pra. khaM. pR. 186 ) / bharatanAmazcakriNo devAdya bhAratanAma pravRttaM bharatavarSAcca tayornAma (jambUdvIpaprajJaptivRtti) / -cakravartI bharata bhAratavarSa ke zIrSastha mukuTa the| unhIM ke nAma se 'bhAratavarSa' yaha nAma pracalita huA /

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(6) rASTrIya bhAvanA ke svara : jaina va vaidika -donoM sAMskRtika paramparAeM rASTrIya bhAvanA se otaprota haiN| rASTra aura usake zAsaka kI maMgala-kAmanA ke sAtha-sAtha samasta bhAratIyoM ke kalyANa va sukha-samRddhi evaM sarvatomukhI unnati kI kAmanA ko donoM paramparAoM meM prabhAvaka rIti se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai : A brahman brAhmaNo brahmavarcasI jaaytaam| A rASTra rAjanyaH zUra iSavyo'tivyAdhI mahAratho jaaytaam| dogdhrI dhenurvoDhAnaDvAnAzuH saptiH purandhiryoSA jiSNU ratheSThAH sabheyo yuvAsya yajamAnasya vIro jaaytaam| nikAme nikAme naH parjanyo vrsstu| phalavatyo na oSadhayaH pcyntaam| yogakSemo naH klptaam|| (yaju 22/22) arthAt bhagavan! hamAre rASTra meMvedAdhyayana-zIla brAhmaNa utpanna hoM! zUra, zastrAstra-vidyA meM dakSa, zatru-saMhAraka aura mahArathI kSatriya adhikAdhika utpanna hoM! dugdha denevAlI gaueM, bhAravAhI puSTa baila aura zIghragAmI ghor3e pAye jAyeM! sarva-guNa-sampanna suzIla sundara striyAM hoM! yajamAnoM ke putra vijaya-zIla, yuddhArtha sannaddha, sabhya, samartha aura vIra hoM!

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hamArI AvazyakatA ke anusAra meha barasA kare! anna kI khetI se hameM yathAsamaya prabhUta anna prApta ho! hamArA yoga-kSema ho! jaina paramparA meM bhI rASTrIya bhAvanA ke svara pracuratayA mukharita hue haiN| jaina AcArya somadeva ne 'nItivAkyAmRta' (1/6) meM spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai-samastapakSapAteSu svadezapakSapAto mahAn, arthAt samasta pakSapAtoM (rAgAtmaka sambandhoM) meM svadeza ke prati pakSapAta/ bahumAna karanA sarvottama/mahanIya hai| jainAcArya pUjyapAda dvArA racita 'zAnti-bhakti' ke nimralikhita do padyoM meM rASTra, deza va rAjA/zAsaka kI maMgala-kAmanA vyakta kI gaI hai: sampUjakAnAM pratipAlakAnAM ytiindrsaamaanytpodhnaanaam| dezasya rASTrasya purasya rAjJaH karotu zAntiM bhagavAn jinendrH|| ___ (zAMti bhakti-6) - pUjA-upAsanA karane vAle (dhArmika), zAsaka varga, zreSTha muni va sAmAnya tapasvI, deza, rASTra, nagara aura rAjA -ina sabhI ko bhagavAn jinezvara sukha-zAnti pradAna kareM : kSemaM sarvaprajAnAM prabhavatu balavAn dhArmiko bhUmipAlaH, kAle kAle ca samyag vitaratu maghavA vyAdhayo yAntu naashm| durbhikSaM cauramArIH kSaNamapi jagatAM mA sma bhUjjIvaloke, jainendraM dharmacakraM prabhavatu satataM srvsaukhyprdaayi|| (zAMti bhakti-15) samasta prajA-varga kA kalyANa ho / rAjA zaktizAlI va dhArmika ho / indra yathocita samaya para acchI taraha vRSTi kre| vyAdhiyAM naSTa hoN| durbhikSa, caurI, mahAmArI -ye sabhI prANiyoM meM eka kSaNa ke lie bhI nahIM hoN| sarva-sukha kA dAtA jinendra-pravartita dharma-cakra (dharmaparamparA) nirantara pravartamAna rahe- prabhAvazAlI rhe| praya 15

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(7) gaMgA devI kI mahimA: vaidika paramparA meM gaMgA kA mAhAtmya va yazogAna aneka rUpoM meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| brahmavaivartapurANa (1/11/16) meM kahA gayA hai- nAsti gaMgAsamaM tIrtham arthAt gaMgA ke samAna koI tIrtha nahIM hai| paurANika kathA ke anusAra, rAjA sagara ke putra brAhmaNa ke tiraskAra ke kAraNa bhasma ho gae the| apane mRta pitaroM ke uddhAra ke lie rAjA bhagIratha ne varSoM taka tapasyA kI aura svarga se gaMgA ko pRthvI para avatarita karAne meM ve saphala hue| ziva mahAdeva ne usa gaMgA ko apane mastaka para dhAraNa karane kI svIkRti dii| gaMgA-jala ke sparza se sagara-putroM ko svargati prApta huii| yaha gaMgA bhagavAn viSNu ke caraNa-kamaloM se niHsRta hokara pRthvI para avatarita huI thIM (draSTavyaH bhAgavata purANa- 9/8/29; 9/ 9/1-15) / jaina paramparA meM gaMgA ko tIrtha ke rUpa meM to mAnyatA nahIM dI gaI hai, kintu use Adara dete hue eka 'devI' ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai aura bhagavAna jinendra ke sAtha saMyukta kara isakI mahimA avazya baDhAI gaI hai| jaina purANoM meM varNita hai ki rAjA sagara ne apane putroM ke samakSa icchA prakaTa kI ki bharata cakravartI ne kaizAla parvata para mahAratnoM se jinendra deva ke caubIsa mandira banavAeM haiM, usa parvata ke cAroM ora gaMgA nadI ko le aao| ukta icchA ko pUrI karane meM ve putra saphala to hue kintu nAgakumAroM ke kopa se ve bhasmIbhUta ho ge| rAjA sagara ne virakta hokara muni-dIkSA dhAraNa kii| unhoMne rAjya-bhAra rAjA bhagIratha ko sauMpA thaa| kAlAntara meM rAjA bhagIratha bhI virakta hokara muni bane aura gaMgA-taTa para samAdhistha ho ge| indra ne kSIrasAgara se bhagIratha muni ke caraNoM kA abhiSeka kiyA jisakA jala gaMgA meM pravAhita

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huA / phalasvarUpa gaMgA bhI loka meM mahanIya mAnI jAne lagI / bhAgIratha muni gaMgA-taTa para tapa karate-karate siddha-buddha-mukta hue / (A. guNabhadra kRta uttarapurANa, 48 / 16-141) / isa kathA meM gaMgA ke viSNu ke pAvana caraNoM se spRSTa hone kI vaidika mAnyatA (draSTavyaH- bhAgavata 8 / 21 / 3-4 ) kI praticchAyA dRSTigocara ho rahI hai / ghora tapasvI aura anta meM parAmAtma rUpa pAne vAle bhAgIratha muni ke pAvana-caraNa-jala se saMyukta hokara gaMgA pAvana ho gaI - yaha jaina paramparA kA bhAva hai / jaina paurANika yuga meM Ate-Ate gaMgA ko jinendra-kIrti kI taraha pUjya, jagatpAvanI va saMtApahAriNI varNita kiyA gayA hai (draSTavya AdipurANa 26 / 129,15) / jaina paramparA meM mAnA gayA hai ki gaMgA mahAnadI 14 hajAra nadiyoM se saMyukta hokara samudragAminI hotI hai| isa mahAnadI ke mArga meM hI, gaMgAprapAtakuNDa sthita hai, usa kuNDa ke madhya meM 'gaMgAdvIpa' hai jo eka zAzvata dvIpa hai / isI dvIpa ke eka vizAla bhavana meM 'gaMgA devI' kA nivAsa hai (jambUdvIpa prajJapti 4/ 74, tiloyapaNNatti, 4/228 Adi) / anta meM, donoM paramparAoM meM gaMgA kI pAvanatA ke sambandha meM eka-eka sandarbha prastuta karanA yahAM prAsaMgika hogaa| vaidika paramparA ke bhAgavata purANa (9/9/13-15) meM gaMgA-sambandhI nirUpaNa isa prakAra prApta hotA hai yajjalasparzamAtreNa brahrAdaNDahatA api / sagarAtmajA divaM jagmuH kevalaM dehabhasmabhiH // bhasmIbhUtAGgasaGgena svaryAtAH sagarAtmajAH / kiM punaH zraddhayA devIM ye sevante dhRtavratAH // nA hyetatparamAzcaryaM svardhunyA yadihoditam / anantacaraNAmbhojaprasUtAyA bhavacchidaH // prathama khaNDa 37

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saMnivezya mano yasmin zraddhayA munayo'malAH / traiguNyaMdustyajaM hitvA sadyo yaataastdaatmtaam|| arthAt brAhmaNa ke tiraskAra ke kAraNa sagara-putra bhasma ho gae the, gaMgA ke jala kA sparza pAkara ve svarga cale ge| jaba gaMgA-jala se zarIra kI rAkha kA sparza ho jAne mAtra se sagara-putroM ko svarga-gati prApta ho gaI to jo loga zraddhA se gaMgA kA smaraNa kareM to unake bAre meM to kahanA hI kyA? yaha koI Azcarya nahIM hai, kyoMki gaMgA bhagavAn (ananta) ke caraNa-kamaloM se nikalI hai, jinakA zraddhA ke sAtha cintanasmaraNa-dhyAna karane se bar3e-bar3e muni nirmala ho jAte haiM aura tInoM guNoM ke kaThina bandhanoM ko tor3akara turanta bhagavatsvarUpa prApta kara lete haiN| phira gaMgAjI saMsAra kA bandhana kATa deM- isameM koI bar3I bAta nhiiN| vaidika purANa ke uparyukta nirUpaNa se sAmya rakhatA huA jaina sAhitya kA eka sandarbha yahAM mananIya hai: varavedIparikhitte caugAuramaMdirammi pAsAde / rammujjANe tassiM gaMgA devI sayaM vsi|| bhavaNovari kUDammi ya jiNiMdapaDimAo saasdridhiio| ceTuMti kirnnmNddl-ujjoidsylaasaao|| AdijiNappaDimAo tAo jddmuddsehrillaao| paDimovarimmi gaMgA abhisittumaNA va sA pdddi|| puphiMdapaMkajapIDhA kmlodrsrisvnnnnvrdehaa| paDhamajiNappaDimAo saraMti je tANa deti nnivvaannN|| (A.yativRSabha-kRta tiloyapaNNatti, 4/228-31) arthAt uttamavedI se veSTita, cAra gopura evaM mandira se suzobhita aura ramaNIya udyAna se yukta bhavana meM gaMgA devI kA

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nivAsa hai| usa bhavana ke Upara kUTa para kiraNa-samUha se sampUrNa dizAoM ko prakAzita karane vAlI aura zAzvata Rddhi ko prApta jinendrapratimAeM sthita haiN| Adi tIrthaMkara kI ve pratimAeM jaTAmukuTa rUpa zekhara se yukta haiN| ina pratimAoM ke Upara vaha gaMgA nadI (jaladhArA ke rUpa meM) isa prakAra giratI (avatarita) haiM mAnoM vaha unakA abhiSeka karanA cAhatI ho / kamalAsana para virAjamAna evaM kamala ke madhya-bhAga ke varNa ke uttama zarIra vAlI una jina-pratibhAoM kA jo smaraNa karate haiM, unheM ve nirvANa detI haiN| - yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bhAratIya sabhyatA va saMskRti kA vikAsa gaMgA Adi nadiyoM ke taToM para huA thaa| hindU dharma meM AsthAvAn pratyeka vyakti kI 'gaMgA' para pUrNa zraddhA rahatI hai| mRtyu ke bAda bhI bhautika zarIra kI rAkha gaMgA Adi nadiyoM meM DAlI jAtI hai| cira kAla se calI A rahI gaMgA ke prati ukta dRDha AsthA kA jaina paramparA para bhI prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika thaa| samanvaya kI prakriyA ne vaidika va jainaina donoM paramparAoM ko vyAvahArika kSetra meM paryApta nikaTa lA diyA aura gaMgA-sambandhI ukta jaina paurANika nirUpaNoM ko isI pRSThabhUmi meM dekhanA caahie| sArAMza yaha hai ki jaina paramparA meM prApta gaMgAmAhAtmya dhArmika dRSTi kI apekSA, samanvayAtmaka sAMskRtika mahattva ko abhivyakta karane kI dRSTi se dekhanA caahie| (8) jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura vaidika tridevaH vaidika paramparA meM Izvara eka mAnA gayA hai| vaha saMsAra kI vyavasthA ke lie tIna rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| sattvaguNa-pradhAna hokara vaha brahmA ke rUpa meM sRSTi-kArya karatA hai, rajoguNapradhAna hokara vaha viSNu rUpa meM sRSTi kI rakSA karatA hai aura tamoguNapradhAna hokara vaha zaMkara yA rudra ke rUpa meM sRSTi kA saMhAra karatA hai (draSTavyaH bhAgavata purANa- 1/3/2, 3/7/28, 4/1/27) / prazama khapada 39

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vaidika Izvara kI tridevarUpatA kA darzana jaina paramparA meM bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai / vaidika brahma kI taraha jaina paramparA kA 'parama tattva' 'sat' padArtha hai jo samasta sRSTi meM vyApta hai| usake trividha rUpa haiM - utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya (nityatA) / tattvArthasUtra (5/3) meM 'sattA' kA lakSaNa trayAtmaka rUpa meM isa prakAra batAyA gayA haiutpAda - vyaya - dhrauvyAtmakaM sat / isake atirikta, jaina paramparA ke Adiparamezvara RSabhadeva meM vaidika paramparA ke brahmA, viSNu va zaMkara- ina tInoM devoM kA svarUpa samAhita hotA huA dikhAI par3atA hai| (RSabhadeva aura vaidika viSNu:-) 'vaidika purANa 'bhAgavata' meM RSabhadeva ko viSNu kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai (dra. bhAgavata, 5 / 3 adhyAya) / viSNu lakSmIpati haiM / jaina paramparA meM RSabhadeva kI stuti karate hue unheM 'zrIpati' Adi vizeSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai (draSTavyaH jinasahasranAma stotra, pIThikA - 2, 1/4, 8, Adi) / anantajJAnAdi paramaizvarya lakSmI ko prApta karane ke kAraNa bhagavAn jinendra kA 'lakSmIpati' vizeSaNa sArthaka hai (draSTavya- labdhAtma- lakSmIH, vRhatsvayambhU stotra,, ArhantyalakSmyA punarAtmatantraH, vahIM, 78 Adi) / 'viSNu' kA nirukti-paraka artha hai - jo vyApta hotA hai / pratyeka jIvAtmA prApta deha meM vyApta hokara rahatA hai, isalie use 'viSNu' kahA gayA hai- upAttadehaM vyApnoti iti viSNuH - (dhavalA, 1/1/2 pR.12, gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa 366 para TIkA) / jinendra deva anantajJAna ke dhAraka hote haiM / unake jJAna meM samasta loka, darpaNa meM pratibimba kI taraha, spaSTa jhalakatA hai (trailokyaM sakalaM trikAlaviSayaM - akalaMka stotra1, yadIye caitanye mukura iva bhAvAzcidacitaH, mahAvIrASTaka stotra - 1 ) / ukta 'sarvajJatA' ke kAraNa bhI jinendra ko 'viSNu' yA sarvavyApI kahanA sArthaka hotA hai / jana dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 40

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jaina purANakAra A. jinasena ne sarvajJatA ke AdhAra para tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko 'sarvavyApI' vizeSaNa se alaMkRta bhI kiyA hai (draSTavyaH AdipurANa- 24/71) / jaina AcArya hemacandra ne jinendra - mUrti ko brahma-viSNuzivAtmaka isa prakAra siddha kiyA hai jJAnaM viSNuH sadA proktam, cAritraM brahma ucyate / samyaktvaM tu zivaM proktam, arhanmUrtistrayAtmikA // (mahAdevastotra, 33 ) arthAt jJAna viSNu hai, cAritra brahma hai aura samyaktva ziva hai- ina tInoM se samanvita arhanta deva brahma-viSNu-zivAtmaka siddha hote haiM / (RSabhadeva aura vaidika brahmA:-) vaidika paramparA meM 'brahmA' kI jo-jo pramukha vizeSatAeM mAnI gaI haiM, ve prAyaH sabhI AditIrthaMkara RSabhadeva meM samAhita huI dRSTigocara hotI haiM / brahmA kA nAma 'nAbheya' haiM, kyoMki unakI utpatti bhagavAn viSNu kI nAbhi meM sthita kamala se huI hai (dra. bhAgavata purANa - 5/3 adhyAya, 3/9/2, 21 ) / jaina paramparA meM bhI RSabhadeva ko 'nAbheya' kahA jAtA hai kyoMki va nAbhirAjA ke putra the (nAbheyo nAbhisaMbhUteH, jinasahasranAma stotra 1 / 10, nAbhinandano jina:- bRhatsvayambhU stotra - 5) | vaidika paramparA meM paramezvara ke virAT zarIra se cAroM varNoM kI utpati mAnI gii| vaidika puruSasUkta (yajurveda- 31 / 11 ) meM virAT brahmA ke mukha se brAhmaNa, bhujAoM se kSatriya, UrU pradeza se vaizya tathA pAMvoM se zUdra kI utpatti honA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA ke anyAnya granthoM meM bhI brahmA yA paramezvara dvArA cAroM varNoM kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai (gItA - 4 / 13, manusmRti- 1 /43 Adi) / prathama samada 41

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vaidika paramparA meM sAmAnyataH brahmA ko isa sRSTi kA pramukha kartA mAnakara sraSTA, prajApati, dhAtA, vidhAtA, pitAmaha, svayambhU, hiraNyagarbha Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai (dra. bhAgavata purANa- 3/8/32, 3/1/13/12/28, 3/12/47) | amarakoSa (1/16-17) ke anusAra brahmA ke nimnalikhita paryAya / nAmAntara haiM - brahmA, AtmabhU, surajyeSTha, parameSThI, pitAmaha, hiraNyagarbha, lokeza, svayambhU, caturAnana, dhAtA, vidhAtA, kamalayoni, viraJci, kamalAsana, sraSTA, prajApati, vedhA, vizvasRj, vidhi Adi / jaina paramparA ke purANa - sAhitya meM RSabhadeva ko 'brahmA' ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai / inheM 'AdivedhA' ke rUpa meM guNakarmAdhArita kSatriyAdi varNoM kA utpAdaka batAyA gayA haiutpAditAstrayo varNAH, tadA tenAdivedhasA / kSatriyAH vaNijaH zUdrAH kSatatrANAdirguNaiH (harivaMzapurANa - 16/183) / yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki RSabhadeva ne mAtra tIna varNoM kI hI sthApanA kI hai| zeSa brAhmaNa varNa kI sthApanA RSabha - putra bharata ne kI thI aisA jaina purANoM kA abhimata hai (dra. AdipurANa 16 / 246 ) | ukta tInoM varNoM kI utpatti kA nirUpaNa jaina paramparA meM vaisA hI hai jaisA ki vaidika paramparA meM mAnya hai / arthAt bhujA se kSatriya, UrU (kaTi pradeza) se vaizya tathA pAMvoM se zUdra varNa kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai, yadyapi ukta nirUpaNa kA lAkSaNika / pratIkAtmaka artha bhI samajhAyA gayA hai / (dra AdipurANa - 16 / 243-246) / ina vargoM kI utpatti karane ke kAraNa RSabhadeva 'sraSTA' kahalAe - sraSTeti tAH prajAH sRSTvA (dra. AdipurANa 16 / 25 ) / cakravartI bharata dvArA RSabhadeva kI jo paurANika stuti prApta hotI hai, usameM unheM brahmA, sraSTA, pitAmaha, AdipuruSa, svayambhU purANapuruSa, hiraNyagarbha caturmukha Adi-Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai (dra AdipurANa 24 vAM parva, jinasahasranAma stotra, A. samantabhadrakRta bRhatsvayambhU stotra Adi) / jaina dharma eka dharmakA kRtika ekatA 42

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AdipurANa meM A . jinasena ne ukta gUDhArthaka vizeSaNoM kI sArthakatA ko jaina paramparA ke anurUpa samajhAne kA bhI yatna kiyA hai (dra. AdipurANa 24/69-72) | udAharaNArtha- RSabhadeva ke garbha meM Ate hI parivAra meM sone kI vRSTi huI thI, ataH inakA nAma 'hiraNyagarbha' hai: hiraNyagarbhamAhustvAM yato vRSTirhiraNmayI / garbhAvataraNe nAtha prAdurAsIt tadA'dbhutA // (AdipurANa - 24/69) / isI taraha, caturmukhI / caturAnana, vRSabha Adi vizeSaNoM kI sArthakatA jaina purANoM meM batAI gaI hai aura yaha pravRtti RSabhadeva kI vaidika brahmA se samakakSatA siddha karatI hai / jisa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM brahmA kI putrI sarasvatI samasta vidyAoM kI pravartikA mAnI jAtI hai, usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM RSabhadeva kI putriyAM brAhmI va sundarI samasta vidyAoM kI pravartikA haiM (dra. triSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita-1 /2/96-62, AdipurANa16/14 adhyAya) / ukta tathya bhI RSabha deva kI vaidika brahmA se tulyatA kA samarthana karatA hai / (RSabhadeva kI ziva-tulyatA:-) - vaidika paramparA meM 'ziva' nirgrantha, digambara, kAmajayI va mahAn yogI ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / ve saMsAra ke saMhAraka deva bhI mAne jAte haiN| saMhArakatA kA pratIkAtmaka artha yahAM grAhya hai| saMsAra kA artha hai - janma-maraNa kI paramparA | adhyAtmasAdhaka janma-mRtyurUpI saMsAra kA saMhAra karatA hai / ukta dRSTi se ziva kI saMsAra-saMhArakatA samajheM to kisI bhI jaina muni kI zivatulyatA hRdayaMgama kI jA sakatI hai| isa yuga ke jaina zramaNa paramparA ke Adya pravartaka evaM adhyAtma-sAdhanA ke puraskartA bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI - jinheM vaidika prathama khaNDa/43

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paramparA bhI jJAna-mArga kA upadeSTA IzvarIya guNasampanna (avatAra)vyaktitva mAnatI hai- zivatulyatA kA nirUpaNa nizcita hI asaMgata nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA ke paurANika sAhitya evaM stotra sAhitya meM jinendra deva ko, vizeSataH prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko vaidika ziva ke nAmoM va vizeSaNoM se sambodhita-alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| ve aneka sthaloM meM ziva, zaMkara, zaMbhu, tripurAri, trinetra, kAmAri, vRSabhadhvaja Adi nAmoM se sambodhita kiye gae haiM (draSTavyaH jinasahasranAma, AdipurANa- 24 vAM parva, samantabhadrakRta bRhatsvayambhU stotra, akalaMkastotra, mAnatuMga-kRta bhaktAmara stotra Adi aadi)| uparyukta vizeSaNoM meM jo asaMgata-se vizeSaNa pratIta hote haiM, unakI sArthakatA bhI jaina sAhitya meM batAI gaI hai| jaise RSabhadeva ko 'trinetra' kahA jAnA asaMgata-sA lagatA hai| kintu vyAkhyAkAroM ne samyak jJAna yA ananta jJAna rUpI tIsare netra se yukta hone ke kAraNa 'trinetra' vizeSaNa kI saMgati baiThAI hai| jainAgama ThANAMga sUtra (3/4/499) meM 'kevalajJAna' 'kevaladarzana' evaM bhautika netra- inheM tIna netra batAyA gayA hai | A. vIrasena ne dhavalA (1/25) meM kahA hai ki samyakadarzana-samyakajJAna va samyaka cAritra-ye triratna hI trizUla haiM jinheM arhantadeva dhAraNa kiye hue haiM (tirdnntisuuldhaariy.....arhntaa)| isI taraha, ardhanArIzvara kA jaina paramparA meM tAtparya isa prakAra batAyA gayA- arhanta deva 8 karma-zatruoM meM se cAra ghAtI karmoM ko naSTa kara cuke the, cAra karmazatru zeSa the, ataH 'ardha+na+ari+Izvara'- ardhanArIzvara RSabhadeva ko kahA jAtA hai (dra. AdipurANa- 25/73) vaidika paramparA meM apane vAmAMga-ardhabhAga meM pArvatI ko sthAna dene ke kAraNa ziva ko ardhanArIzvara kahA jAtA hai| jona dharma padika dharma kI sAkatika ekatA/44

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yajJIya saMskRti kA, vizeSataH pazu- hiMsA vAle yajJIya vidhividhAnoM kA samarthana jaina paramparA ne kabhI nahIM kiyaa| vaha to dravyayajJa (bhautika yajJa) ko agnikAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA se yukta hone se pApa karma mAnatI thI (dra. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-12/39), aura saMyamatapomaya caryA rUpI jJAnayajJa kI hI pracAraka va samarthaka rahI (uttarAdhyayana suutr-12/41-44)| ukta yajJIya virodha kI bhAvanA vaidika ziva kI kathAoM meM bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| vaidika paramparA ke bhAgavata purANa (ke 4/5-6 adhyAyoM) meM tathA mahAbhArata (12/284 adhyAya) meM ziva ko dakSa-yajJa ke vidhvaMsaka ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / prajApati dakSa yajJIya saMskRti ke samarthaka the| unhoMne yajJa kA Ayojana kiyaa| ziva ko AmaMtrita nahIM kiyaa| ziva-patnI pArvatI, ziva ke manA karane para bhI, pitA ke yajJa-vidhAna meM sammilita hone ke lie gii| vahAM apane pati ziva ke prati pitA ke apamAna-janaka rUkha ko dekha kara vaha yajJa-kuNDa kI dhadhakatI agni-jvAlA meM kUda par3I aura bhasmIbhUta ho gii| ziva ko isa ghaTanA kA patA calA to ve kruddha hue| unake gaNoM ne Akara dakSa ke ukta yajJa ko tahasa-nahasa kara diyaa| bAda meM devatAoM ke bIca-bacAva karane para ziva ko yajJa-bhAga meM sammilita karane hetu dakSa prajApati sahamata ho ge| ukta kathA se AMzika sAmya lie hue eka kathA jainAgama meM bhI prApta hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra (ke 12 veM adhyayana, harikezabala) meM varNita hai ki jaina muni harikezabala eka yajJazAlA meM ge| yajJakartA brAhmaNoM ne unheM apamAnita kiyA tathA bhikSA nahIM dii| muni ke bhakta yakSa-devoM ne brAhmaNoM ko pratADita/pIDita kiyA / brAhmaNoM ne kSamA mAMgI aura ve yakSa-pIr3A se mukta ho ge| isI taraha kI eka anya kathA bhI uttarAdhyayana sUtra (25 veM adhyayana 'yajJIya') meM prApta hotI hai / jayaghoSa muni yajJazAlA meM gae to unheM bhikSA nahIM milii| prathama pANDa,45

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jayaghoSa muni ne brAhmaNoM ko sadjJAna diyA aura sacce brAhmaNa ke svarUpa ko samajhAyA / niSkarSa yaha hai ki vaidika ziva va jaina tIrthaMkara RSabha yA jaina muni meM vaidika yajJavirodhaka hone ke sAmya ne donoM paramparAoM ko nikaTa lA diyaa| isa prakriyA meM jaina paramparA ke sarvocca deva RSabhadeva tathA vaidika paramparA ke ziva meM sAmya sthApita karane kA prayAsa bhI sammilita hai / (ziva va RSabha kI ekatA:-) ziva va RSabha meM uparyukta sAmya ko dekhakara kucha vidvAnoM, itihAsa-vidoM va sAMskRtika adhyetAoM ne ziva va RSabha - donoM ko eka hI pratipAdita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ho sakatA hai, bhagavAn RSabhadeva hI vaidika paramparA meM 'ziva' ke rUpa meM svIkRta ho gae aura unheM vaidika saMskRti ke anurUpa kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se 'mahAdeva' ke rUpa meM pratiSThA prApta huI / yA yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki vaidika paramparA ke 'ziva' kI vizeSatAoM ko jaina - paramparA ke anukUla jAnakara, unheM RSabhadeva ke jIvana-caryA meM samAhita kara liyA gayA / RSabhadeva va ziva kI pArivArika sthiti para dRSTipAta kareM to unameM pratIkAtmaka 'sAmya' Azcaryajanaka rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai / RSabhadeva ke do putra the, jiname bAhubali ne nivRttimArga kA anusaraNa kara sarvaprathama siddha - buddha-mukta hone kA gaurava prApta kiyA, jaba ki bharata ne cakravartI bana kara pravRttimArga kA anusaraNa kiyA / aMta meM ve bhI siddha-buddha-mukta hue| dUsarI tarapha, vaidika paramparA ke ziva ke do putroM meM 'gaNeza' sarvapUjya deva bane, jaba ki dUsare putra kArtikeya devatAoM ke senApati bana kara unake vijayAbhiyAna meM sahayogI bane / jaina paramparA ke anusAra, bAhubali ne bharata cakravartI kI adhInatA nakAra kara cakravartI ke vijayAbhiyAna meM vighna upasthita kiyA thA / kintu bAda meM nivRttimArga ko svIkAra kara ukta vighna ko jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma ko sAskRtika ekatA 46

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svayaM samApta kiyA thaa| dUsarI tarapha, vaidika paramparA meM gaNeza ko bhI vighnavinAzaka deva ke rUpa meM pratiSThA prApta hai| itanA hI nahIM, anya aneka sAkSya va pramANa ziva va RSabha kI ekatA kI mAnyatA ko samarthita karate haiN| aneka vidvAnoM ne isa sambandha meM apane-apane vicAra prakaTa kie haiM, jinakA sAra yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai: ____ vicAra kiye jAne para RSabhadeva aura ziva ke svarUpa meM aneka aise sAmya sAmane Ate haiM jo yaha socane para bAdhya kara dete haiM ki RSabhadeva aura ziva zAyada do vyaktitva yA do avatAra nahIM the| aisA mAnane ke paryApta kAraNa haiM ki RSabhadeva aura ziva eka hI samAna vyaktitva ke do samAnAntara rUpa bhArata kI do pramukha paramparAoM meM pratiSThita ho gaye hoN| yahAM hama kucheka aisI hI vizeSatAoM para vicAra kareMge jinake AdhAra para ziva aura RSabhadeva kI samAnatA ko bala milatA hai (1) ziva kailAzavAsI the| RSabhadeva ne marUdevI kI kokha se janma liyA thA |aaptte ke saMskRta-hindI zabdakoSa meM 'marU' zabda kA eka pahAr3a yA parvata bhI artha kiyA gayA hai| RSabhadeva ne saMsAra tyAga kara apanI sAdhanA ke lie kailAza ko hI cunaa| vahIM se unheM mokSa prApta huaa| (2) ziva kA vAhana nandI yA vRSabha prasiddha hai| RSabhadeva kA cinha bhI vRSabha hI hai| unakI pratimAoM kI pahacAna vRSabha cinha se hI hotI hai jo sadaiva unake Asana para aMkita rahatA hai| (3) ziva kA viSapAna prasiddha hai| RSabhadeva ne bhI samasta ekAnta, yA paraspara nirapekSa dhAraNAoM/mAnyatAoM kA viSa grahaNa karake, syAdvAda dRSTi se aura anekAntamayI vANI se usameM amRtatva kI utpati kii| vahI amRta unakI vANI meM bikharatA rhaa|

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(4) skaMda, SaNmukha, yA kArtikeya ziva ke jyeSTha putra the| unake chaha mukha kahe gaye haiN| RSabhadeva ne bhI asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa, ina chaha karmoM kA upadeza diyaa| inhIM chaha karmoM ke mAdhyama se RSabhadeva ne ahiMsaka aura zAntipUrNa samAja kI racanA kA prayatna kiyaa| kArtikeya ke chaha mukhoM meM RSabhadeva kI chaha zikSAoM meM samAnatA DhUMDhI jA sakatI hai| (5) ziva ke kaniSTha putra gaNeza ne apane agraja kArtikeya se yuddha kiyA aura unheM parAjita karake bhautika zaktiyoM para nIti aura buddhi kA varcasva sthApita kiyA / RSabhadeva ke putra bAhubalI ne bhI agraja bharata se yuddha kiyA aura bhautika zaktiyoM para nyAyanIti kA tathA Atmazakti kA varcasva apane jyeSTha bhrAtA ko parAjita karake sthApita kiyaa| (6) zaMkarajI pArvatI ke pati the| parvata-nivAsinI janatA ko pArvatI kahA jAtA hai| usa pArvatI (janatA) ke prabhu (pUjya) hone ke kAraNa bha. RSabha ko pArvatIpati bhI kahA jAtA hai| - madhya loka meM zivajI ke 'zivaliMga' kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| ziva yAnI mukti, liMga yAnI pahicAna / arthAt jisa Atmadharma ke dvArA AtmA ko AtmA kI pahicAna ho, aura anta meM AtmA ziva kA rUpa prApta kara le, vaha AtmA zivAtmA (siddhAtmA) hai| bhagavAn RSabha bhI AtmA kI pahicAna kara anta meM zivAtmA ho gye| __(7) ziva ne apane parikara ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA kA sandeza diyaa| yaha unakI ahiMsaka zakti kA hI camatkAra thA ki devI pArvatI ke vAhana siMha ne ziva ke vAhana vRSabha ko, tathA kArtikeya ke vAhana mayUra ne gaNeza ke vAhana mUSaka ko kabhI AtaMkita nahIM kiyaa| ziva ke AbhUSaNa svarUpa nAga-samUhoM ne bhI mUSakarAja ko pratAr3ita nahI kiyA aura una nAga-samUhoM ko kArtikeya ke mayUra se kabhI koI vipatti nahIM sahanI pdd'ii| prAkRtika rUpa se zatru-bhAva na kosAka 1/46

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rakhane vAle ye sabhI jIva mAtra ziva ke naikaTya ke kAraNa paraspara maitrI bhAva se rahate rhe| jaina sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara kA aisA prabhAva bhI varNita hai ki unakI sabhA meM sabhI prANI apanA paraspara vaira bhUla kara zAnta bhAva se baiThate haiM (dra. jJAnArNava- 22/26/1172) / ____(8) ziva dIrghakazI kahe gaye haiN| unakA jaTA-samUha itanA saghana, aisA vistRta aura itanA kuMcita kahA gayA hai ki sura-saritA gaMgA kA uddhata pravAha usa kezarAzi meM vilIna hokara sahasroM dhArAoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA thaa| bhagavAn RSabhadeva bhI dIrghakazI the| jaina purANoM meM to unake jaTAdhArI hone ke puSkala pramANa milate hI haiM, Rgveda meM bhI 'vAtarazanA muni' ke saMdarbha meM unake kezI rUpa kA saMstavana kiyA gayA hai: kezyanikezI viSaM kezI bibharti rodasI, kezI vizvaM svadRze kezIdaM jyotirucyte| (Rgveda 1/136/1) nAbhinandana RSabhadeva kI jaTAjUTeM sAhitya aura kalA meM sarvatra vikhyAta rahI haiN| unakI prAyaH sabhI prAcIna pratimAoM meM ina jaTAoM kA aMkana anivArya rUpeNa milatA hai| kahIM surUcipUrvaka guMthe gaye keza-guccha ke rUpa meM aura kahIM kAMdhe yA pITha taka laharAtI unmukta kezarAzi ke rUpa meN| RSabhadeva kI pratimAoM meM jaTAoM kA aMkana unakI dIrghakAlIna durddhara tapa sAdhanA ko rekhAMkita karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| unhoMne saMnyAsa dhAraNa karate hI, eka Asana se chaha mAsa kI akhaNDa samAdhi dhAraNa kI thii| svAbhAvika hI isa kAlAvadhi meM unakI kezaloMca kriyA, jo prati do mAha meM honI cAhie thI, nahIM ho pAI aura unake bar3he hue kezoM ne jaTAoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| mahAkavi AcArya jinasena (navamI zatAbdI) ne apane grantha 'mahApurANa' ke maMgalAcaraNa meM jaTAdhArI RSabhadeva kA stavana karate PUPAI,49

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hue kahA- 'cirakAla taka tapasyA rata rahane ke kAraNa Apake mastaka para bar3hI huI jaTAeM aisI lagatI haiM jaise dhyAnAni se dahakate karma rUpI IMdhana se nikalatI dhUma - samUha kI zyAmala jaTAyeM hI hoM / ' ciraM tapasyato yasya jaTA mUrdhni babhustarAm / dhyAnAgnidagdhakarmendhannirya dhUma - zikhA iva // (AdipurANa - 1/9) (9) gaMgAvataraNa hetu rAjA bhagIratha ka prayatnoM kI latA meM saphalatA:- bhagIratha ke prayatnoM kI latA meM saphalatA kA puSpa yadi nahIM khilA hotA to pralaya - dagdha yaha vasuMdharA 'marU-bhUmi' hI banI raha gaI hotii| ziva hI marU-loka ke lie usa amRta-dhAra ke saMvAhaka bane / usa dhArA ne saMtapta jagat ko zItalatA pradAna kI thI / jaina bhaktikAvyoM meM bhagavAn kI vANI ko gaMgA kI upamA se maNDa kiyA gayA hai / AcArya jinasena ne usa zItalavAhinI gaMgA kI pahicAna bhagavAn AdinAtha kI vacanagaMgA se kI hai| unhoMne likhA- 'he bhagavan! ApakI yaha divya vacanAvalI ajJAnAndhakAra ke pralaya meM vinaSTa jagat kI punarUtpatti ke lie na sIMce gaye amRta ke samAna mAlUma hotI hai' tamaH pralayalInasya jagataH sajjanaM prati / tvayAmRtamivAsiktamidamAlakSyate vacaH // (AdipurANa 1/158) vAdirAja mahAmuni ne bhagavAn kI stuti karate hue aisI vilakSaNa bhakti gaMgA kI kalpanA kI hai jo syAdvAda - giri se nikalakara, bhagavAn ke caraNoM kA sparza karatI huI, mokSarUpI sAgara meM vilIna hotI hai pratyutpannA nayahimagirerAyatA cAmRtAbdheryA deva tvatpadakamalayoH saMgatA bhaktigaMgA / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 50

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cetastasyAM mama rUcivazadAplutakSAlitAMhaHkalmASaM yadi bhavati kimiyaM deva! saMdehabhUmiH / (muni vAdirAjakRta ekIbhAva stotra-16) kavi bhAgacanda ne to bhagavAn kI girA-gaMgA ko lekara eka pUrA rUpaka hI prastuta kara diyaa|ve kahate haiM- 'jina prabhu kI vacanagaMgA nAnA prakAra ke nayoM kI lahariyoM se nitya nirmala banI rahatI hai, vaha apAra jJAna-pArAvAra ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara jagat ke samasta janoM ko pavitratA pradAna karane kI kSamatA se yukta hai, aura nitya hI vidyAvilAsI sAdhaka rUpI haMsoM ke samUhoM se suzobhita hotI hai, ve prabhu mujhe nirantara darzana dete rheN| yadIyA vAggaMgA vividhanayakallolavimalA, bRhajjJAnAmbhobhirjagati janatAM yA yA snpyti| idAnImapyeSA budhajanamarAlaiH paricitA, mahAvIrasvAmI nayanapathagAmI bhavatu naH // ___ (kavi bhAgacandakRta mahAvIrASTaka-5) isa prakAra ziva kI jaTAoM meM gaMgA kA avataraNa, vacanagaMgA yA jJAnagaMgA ke rUpa meM RSabhadeva ke sAtha bAra-bAra rUpAyita huA hai| (1) ziva-vigraha meM candramA ko unake mastaka para zobhita AbhUSaNa ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| candramA meM jagat ke andhakAra ko naSTa karane kI kSamatA hai, vahI usakA upakAra hai aura vahI usakI sArthakatA hai| jinasena AcArya ne RSabhadeva kI maMgalavANI ko candramA kI upamA dete hue kahA- 'he nAtha! yadi ajJAnAndhakAra ko naSTa karane vAlI ApakI vacanarUpI kiraNAvalI pragaTa nahIM hotI to nizcita hI yaha samasta jagat avidyA ke saghana aMdhakAra meM hI DUbA rahatA': prasAramA 51 ranARINAGARMAIN

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nodabhAsyan yadi dhvAntavicchidastvadvacoMzavaH / tamasyandhe jagatkRsnamatiSThAsyadidaM dhruvam / / (AdipurANa -1/159) (11) bhagavAn RSabha kA nirvANa (ziva) kailAza giri para mAgha kRSNA caturdazI ko huA thaa| jaina paramparA meM kalpasUtra (sU. 199), jambUdvIpaprajJapti (sU. 48) va triSaSTizalAkApurUSacarita ke anusAra mAghakRSNA trayodazI ko RSabhadeva kA nirvANa mAnA jAtA hai / kintu tiloyapaNNatti (11/1185) meM caturdazI ko inakA nirvANa mAnA gayA hai / hindU paramparA meM uttaraprAntIya loga phAlguna kRSNa caturdazI ko tathA dakSiNaprAntIya loga mAghakRSNa caturdazI ko 'zivarAtrI' kA parva manAte haiM / RSabhadeva kA nirvANa mAgha kRSNA trayodazI yA caturdazI ko huA ho, logoM ne usI dina yA dUsare dina ise eka samAroha ke rUpa meM manAyA aura vaha dina hindU paramparA meM zivarAtrI ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA hai / ( purAtAttvika sAkSyoM se prAcInatA:-) bhAratIya sAMskRtika itihAsa meM ziva aura RSabhadeva - donoM hI apanI-apanI paramparAoM meM prAcInatama deva mAne jAte haiM / aitihAsika purAtAttvika pramANoM se bhI inakI sarvAdhika prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / mohanajodar3o (haidarAbAda, sindha) meM TIloM evaM bhagnAvazeSa khaMDaharoM kI khudAI hone para jo 5 hajAra varSa pUrva kI prAcIna vastueM bhUgarbha se prApta huIM, unameM se kucha mohareM (svarNa - mudrA ) bhI haiM / unameM se pleTa saMkhyA 2 se 5 taka kI muharoM para (sIloM para) bha. RSabhanAtha kI khaDgAsanastha nagna mUrti hai, aura sIloM ke dUsarI ora vRSabha kA cinha aMkita hai / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 52

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- pro. zrI rAmaprasAda jI candA ne ina sIloM kA gaMbhIra adhyayana kara moDarna rivyU ke aMka agasta 1932 ke prakAzana meM jo apanA abhimata pragaTa kiyA hai, usakA sArAMza nimna prakAra hai: mistra meM (Ijipsayana) bhI prAcIna mUrtiyAM haiM, jinake donoM hAtha laTaka rahe haiN| ye prAcIna mUrtiyAM grIka mUrtiyoM jaisI haiM kintu inameM vairAgya kI dRSTi kA- jo ki mohanajodar3o aura mathurA kI (IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI kI bha.RSabhadeva kI khaDgAsana mUrtiyoM) jaina mUrtiyoM meM pAyI jAtI hai- abhAva hai| vRSabha kA artha baila hai, aura baila RSabhanAtha kA cinha hai| pleTa naM. 2 se 5 naM. taka kI sIloM para khar3I huI mUrtiyAM jo ki baila sahita haiM bha. RSabhadeva kI pratikRti haiM / ucca mUrtiyoM kA kAyotsarga Asana vizeSarUpa se jaina paramparA meM prApta hotA hai aura ina mUrtiyoM ko jaina siddha karatA hai| ye sIleM 5 hajAra varSa pUrva prAcIna mAlUma detI haiN| isase pramANita hotA hai ki jainadharma ke Adi saMsthApaka zrI RSabhanAtha kI pUjyatA bahuta prAcIna samaya se calI A rahI hai| DA. zrI prANanAtha jI vidyAlaMkAra (hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI meM itihAsa ke prAdhyApaka) jI ke zabdoM meM:- 'mohanajodar3o kI sAr3he pAMca hajAra varSa purAnI 449 vIM sIla para jinezvara ya jineza zabda aMkita hai| jineza yA jinezvara zabda jainadharma ke pracAraka evaM pravartaka tIrthaMkara kA dyotaka hai|' uparyukta abhimata se yaha spaSTa hai ki sAr3he pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI zreSThatA samAja meM pratiSThita ho cukI thii| jaina tIrthaMkara aura avatAra jaina dharma avatAravAda ko nahIM mAnatA, vaha uttAravAda kA samarthaka hai| isake viparIta, vaidika paramparA avatAravAda kI samarthaka prathama khaNDa/53

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hai aura yaha mAnatI hai ki Izvara apane aMzoM se yA pUrNa rUpa se isa saMsAra meM janma letA hai| jaina paramparA kA mAnanA hai ki anAdi karma-bandhanoM meM baMdhI AtmA apane tapa-saMyama-sAdhanA ke puruSArtha se karma-bandhana tor3akara Izvaratva prApta karatI hai aura punaH isa saMsAra meM janma nahIM letii| jaina paramparA ke tIrthaMkara ve puNyazAlI AtmAeM hotI haiM jo pramukha (AtmaghAtI) karmoM ko nirmUla naSTa kara asAdhAraNa camatkArI svarUpa ko prApta karane meM sakSama hotI haiN| ve niyata Ayu bhogakara siddha-buddha-mukta hotI hI haiN| ___ ukta mAnyatA-bheda ke bAvajUda, jaina tIrthaMkaroM aura vaidika avatAroM kI avadhAraNA meM kucha vilakSaNa sAmya haiN| gItA ke anusAra, dharma kI sthApanA tathA adharma kA nAza karane ke lie IzvarIya avatAra hotA hai:dharmasaMsthApanArthAya saMbhavAmi yuge yuge (giitaa-4/8)| jaina paramparA ke tIrthaMkara bhI apane upadeza se dharma-paramparA ko puSTa yA punarjIvita karate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke lie purANakAra ne apanI bhAvAbhivyakti isa prakAra dI hai: yo'ntyo'pi tIrthakaramanimamapyajaiSIt, kAle kalau ca pRthulIkRtadharmatIrthaH // (uttarapurANa-76/546) - arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kaliyuga (ke adharmapradhAna kAla) meM dharma-tIrtha ko puSTa kiyA aura isa prakAra antima tIrthaMkara hote hue bhI apane pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara (ke cAturyAma dharma ko paMcayAma dharma ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kara una) se bhI kahIM Age bar3ha gae the| AcArya mAnatuMga ke zabdoM meM dharma-upadeza kI sabhA meM jinendradeva kI jaisI vibhUti/mahimA hai, vaisI mahimA kisI anya kI nahIM hai (bhaktAmara stotr-37)| jaina dharma evaM dika dharma kI sAratatika ekatA/54

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vaidika avatAroM kI tathA jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA meM bhI sAmya dRSTigocara hotA hai| vaidika paramparA ke bhAgavata purANa meM bhagavAn ke avatAroM kI saMkhyA asaMkhya batAI gaI hai- avatArA hyasaMkhyeyAH hareH sattvanidheH dvijAH (bhAgavata- 1/3/26) | vaidika harivaMzapurANa va mahAbhArata meM avatAroM kI saMkhyA kI asaMkhyatA kA AdhAra ananta kAlacakra ko mAnA hai: prAdurbhAvasahasrANi atItAni na saMzayaH / bhUyazcaiva bhaviSyantItyevamAha prajApatiH // (harivaMzapurANa -1/41/41) atikrAntAzca bahavaH prAdurbhAvA mamottamAH / (mahAbhArata - 12 / 339/16) jaina paramparA kI dRSTi ve vicAreM to jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA bhI asaMkhya mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai, kyoMki utsarpiNIavasarpiNI cakra anAdi kAla se cala rahe haiM aura anantakAla taka calate raheMge aura isa prakAra tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA bhI asaMkhya sthiti ko prApta kara sakatI yA use bhI pAra kara sakatI hai| kucha pramukha vaidika avatAroM ko lakSya meM rakhakara vaidika avatAroM kI niyata saMkhyA bhI mAnI gaI hai / prArambha meM yaha saMkhyA dasa thI (dra. mahAbhArata - 12 / 339/13-14, matsya purANa- 285 / 6-7, padmapurANa6/43/13-15, uttara. 257/4-41 Adi) kintu use baDhA kara 22 va 24 taka pahuMcA diyA gayA | bhAgavata purANa (1/3 adhyAya) meM 22 nimnalikhita avatAra batAe gae haiM- 1. kaumAra sarga (sanaka, sanandana, sanAtana va sanatkumAra), 2. varAha, 3. nArada 4. nara-nArAyaNa 5. kapila, 6. dattAtreya, 7. yajJa, 8. RSabhadeva 9. pRthu, 1. matsya, 11. kacchapa (kUrma), 12. dhanvantari, 13. mohinI 14. nRsiMha, 15. vAmana, 16. parazurAma, 17. vedavyAsa, 18. rAma, 19. balarAma 2. kRSNa, 21. buddha aura 22. kalki / TIkAkAroM ne inameM do avatAroM - 23. haMsa va 24. paramahaMsa prathama khaNDa / 55

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ko jor3akara avatAroM kI saMkhyA 24 taka pahuMcA dii| pAMcarAtra saMpradAya meM Izvara ke caubIsa paryAya-vibhava mAne gae haiM / jaise, eka dIpaka se kaI dIpaka prajvalita ho jAte haiM, vaise hI eka hI Izvara ke ye vividha rUpa hote haiM (dra. bRhadhArIta smRti-1/5/145)| ukta saMkhyA jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI 24 saMkhyA se mela khAtI hai| donoM paramparAoM kA yaha sAmya adbhuta hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki vaidika paramparA meM 24 avatAroM kI saMkhyA meM nAma jor3e va ghaTAye jAte rhe| isI prasaMga meM eka tathya kI ora saMketa karanA apekSita hogaa| vaha yaha ki vaidika avatAroM meM varAha, kUrma, hayAzva- ye tIna nAma prApta hote haiN|jain avatAroM ke cinhoM meM bhI inakA astitva hai| jaise tRtIya tIrthaMkara kA azva, 1 3 veM tIrthaMkara kA varAha, tathA 2 veM tIrthaMkara suvrata kA kUrma cihna mAnA gayA hai| gRhastha-caryA aura bhikSu-caryA:__vaidika va jaina ina donoM dharmoM kI gRhastha-caryA aura bhikSu/ saMnyAsI-caryA meM bhI paryApta samAnatA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki donoM dharmoM kI apanI-apanI maulika vizeSatAeM yathAvasthita haiM, tathApi kucha ullekhanIya sAmya bhI una donoM meM hai jisase una donoM meM anusyUta ekatA rekhAMkita hotI hai| (1) gRhastha va zrAvaka kA sAmAnya jIvana: vaidika paramparA ke brahmacArI va gRhastha kI caryA ko dekheM aura dUsarI tarapha jaina paramparA ke zrAvaka/zramaNopAsaka kI jIvanacaryA ko dekheM to donoM meM 'ahiMsA' dharma anusyUta dRSTigocara hotA hai| donoM hI dharma, apane asaMnyasta jIvana meM bhI yathAzakti ahiMsA, samatA, saMyama, tyAga, sahiSNutA va paropakAra Adi kI bhAvanA ko kriyAnvita karane kA sadupadeza yA mArgadarzana dete haiN| jaina dharma etaM vaidika dharma kI sAragatika (ll/56 >

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mahAbhArata (12/191/15) meM kahA gayA hai:- ahiMsA satyamakrodhaH, sarvAzramagataM tapaH / arthAt sabhI AzramoM ke lie ahiMsA, satya va kSamA- ye sAmAnya dharma haiN| isI prakAra pulastya smRti (22) tathA garuDa purANa (1/25/22) meM sabhI vargoM va Azrama dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie ahiMsA, satya, zauca (pavitratA), dayA va kSamA ko 'sAmAnya dharma' batAyA gayA hai| jIvana meM dayA, kSamA, saMyama, acaurya, satyabhASaNa, paropakAra, sahiSNutA, tyAga Adi jitanI bhI prazasta bhAvanAeM yA pravRttiyAM haiM, ve saba 'ahiMsA' meM samAhita haiN| mahAbhArata (13/11 5/69) ke anusAra ahiMsA dharma ko jIvana meM utArane vAle vyakti svarga sukha ko hastagata karate haiN| jaina paramparA meM pratyeka gRhastha aura pratyeka zramaNa ke lie 'vrata' kA pAlana karanA apekSita hai| ye vrata 5 haiM- ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya va aparigraha / gRhastha ina vratoM ko yathAzakti sthUla rUpa se pAlatA hai jaba ki zramaNa pUrNa rUpa se / isalie gRhastha yA zrAvaka kA vrata 'aNuvrata' kahalAtA hai aura zramaNa kA mahAvrata (upAsaka dazAMga-1/11, harivaMza purANa-58/116. tttvaarthsuutr-7/1-2)| (mAMsAdi-tyAga) ahiMsaka caryA kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa, donoM paramparAoM meM hiMsAbahula mAMsa-bhakSaNa kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA kA Adeza hai-na mAMsamaznIyAt (taittirIya brAhmaNa- 1/1/9/71-72) arthAt mAMsa nahIM khAnA caahie| smRtikAroM va mahAbhAratakAra ne madhu, mAMsa, madya- ina sabhI ko, sambhavataH hiMsA se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa, tyAjya batAyA hai (manusmRti-6/9,2/177, mhaabhaart-12/11/22)| jaina paramparA meM pratyeka zrAvaka ke lie madya va mAMsa Adi ko hiMsAbahula batAte hue sarvathA va niyamataH asevanIya mAnA gayA hai(puruSArthasiddhayupAya-4/25-27/61-63,haima yogazAstra-3/18-22,33 aadi)| prathama khaNDa:57

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(atithi-satkArAdi) tyAga va dAna kI pravRtti ke pratIka 'atithi-bhojanadAna' ko donoM dharmoM meM Adara prApta hai / vaidika paramparA meM atithi ko bhojanAdi se satkRta karanA 'manuSyayajJa' mAnA gayA hai (nRyajJo'tithipUjanammanusmRti, 3/70) / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke anusAra, rAmacandra jI brAhmaNa yA zramaNa, jo bhI atithi ke rUpa meM Ate, bhojanAdi se santuSTa karate the (vAlmIkirAmAyaNa- 14/22) / vaidika dharma ko mAnane vAlA pratyeka gRhastha na kevala atithiyoM ko, apitu apane bhojana meM se pazu-pakSiyoM ko bhI yathocita anna-dAna dekara hI bhojana karatA hai (manusmRti- 3/92, viSNu purANa- 3/11/51-56) / .. jaina paramparA meM bhI zrAvaka ke lie 'atithi saMvibhAga' vrata (zikSAvratoM meM) kA vidhAna hai| AcArya amRtacandra ke anusAra lobha manovikAra (kaSAya) hiMsA rUpa hI hai, usakA tyAga karane kI dRSTi se atithi-saMvibhAga' vrata kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai (purussaarthsidvyupaay4/136-137/172-173)| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra vaha dAna cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- AhAradAna, vastradAna, pAtradAna va AvAsadAna (haima yogshaastr3/87)| yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki ukta dAna meM pAtratA-apAtratA kA vicAra karanA bhI apekSita hai (dra. tttvaarthsuutr-7/38-39)| (jala chAna kara pInA) jaina paramparA meM zrAvaka ke lie jala chAna kara pIne kA vidhAna hai| jIva-hiMsA se bacane ke lie jala ko chAnanA Avazyaka hai tAki usameM vidyamAna jIva usase pRthak ho jaaeN| jaina vidvAn paM. AzAdhara ne 'sAgAradharmAmRta' grantha meM 'jalagAlana' (chAna kara jala pIne) ko zrAvaka ke mUlaguNoM ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai :(dra. sAgAradharmAmRta-2/18, pR. 63) / jaina dharmAdika dharma ko sAstavika citA 585

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mdyplnishaasnpNcphliivirtipNckaaptnutii| jIvadayA jalagAlanamiti ca kvacidaSTa muulgunnaaH|| - madya-tyAga, mAMsa-tyAga, rAtribhojana-tyAga, (bar3aphala, pIpala phala, pAkara phala, aMjIra, gUlara-ina) 5 udumbara phaloM kA tyAga, pAMca parameSThiyoM kA namana, jIvadayA, jala chAnakara pInAye ATha mUlaguNa haiN| yaha adbhuta sAmya hai ki ukta nirdeza vaidika paramparA meM bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| manusmRti (6/46) meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai: vastrapUtaM jalaM pibet (vastra se chAnakAra hI jala pInA caahie)| (mRtyu kA nirbhava va nirvikAra hokara varaNa:-) mRtyu ke samaya vyakti zAnta, nirbhaya, nirvikAra, Asakta va sAmyabhAvI rahanA cAhie-isa tathya ko vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai / vaidika paramparA meM gItA (8/6) kA spaSTa udghoSa hai: yaM yaM vApi smaran bhAvaM tyajatyante klevrm| - tattadevaiti kaunteya sadA tdbhvmaasthitH|| - mRtyu-kAla upasthita hone para, vyakti jisa-jisa bhAva ko smRti meM rakha kara zarIra chor3atA hai, usa-usa bhAva (agale janma meM) ko prApta karatA hai| isI bhAva ko aura bhI adhika spaSTa karate hue upaniSad kA bhI kathana hai: dehAvasAnasamaye citte yad yad bhAvayed / va tattadeva bhavejjIva ityevaM janma-kAraNam // (yogazikhopaniSad 1/31) arthAt deha-tyAga karate hue mana meM jaise bhAva hote haiM, unhIM ke anurUpa agalA-janma prApta karatA hai| - uparyukta kathanoM meM vaidika RSi kI yaha preraNA bhI nihita hai ki paravartI acchI yoni/jAti prApta karane ke lie vyakti ko mRtyu prathama khaNDa/59

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samaya meM prazasta bhAva rakhane caahieN| aprazasta bhAvoM ke sAtha mRtyu prApta karane para aprazasta gati meM jAnA par3a sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhAvoM kI prazastatA-aprazastA kA mAnadaNDa 'lezyA' ke rUpa meM varNita huA hai| mRtyu-samaya prazasta-aprazasta bhAvoM (lezyA) ke suprabhAva-duSprabhAva ko jaina Agama meM isa prakAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai: jallessAI dabvAiM pariAittA kAlaM karei, tallessesu uvavajjai (bhagavatI suutr-3/4/17-19)| ___ -arthAt vyakti jisa-jisa lezyA (manobhAva) ko rakha kara mRtyu prApta karatA hai, vaha marane ke bAda usI manobhAvoM ke sAtha utpanna hotA hai| isI tathya ko hRdayaMgama kara, jaina paramparA meM saMlekhanA (samAdhi-maraNa) kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai jo gRhastha zrAvaka va pravrajita zramaNa- donoM ke lie anuSTheya hai / 'saMlekhanA' kI vidhi kI pRSThabhUmi meM preraka nirdeza yahI hai ki anAsakta, nirbhaya, zAntacitta hokara mRtyu kA varaNa karanA cAhie (draSTa vyaH upAsaka dazAMga-1 /5 7,1/11, jJAtAdharma kathA-1/2 8, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-122-1 26, puruSArthasiddhayupAya- 5/3-5/177-179, tattvArthasUtra-7/22,37 aadi)| (2)ahiMsaka zramaNa-caryA aura saMnyasta jIvana: vaidika paramparA ke 'saMnyAsI' tathA zramaNa/jaina paramparA ke bhikSu/sAdhu kI sAmAnya caryAeM paryApta sAmya rakhatI haiM- (yadyapi apanI-apanI paramparA kI maulikatA ke anurUpa unameM antara to hai hii)| donoM kI jIvana-caryA ahiMsA, niSkAmatA, samatA, niSparigrahatA va saMyata vRtti se otaprota hai- yaha tathya donoM paramparAoM ke dhArmika sAhitya ke anuzIlana se paripuSTa hotA hai| jaina dharma todika dharma kI sAkRtika ekatA/60

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saMnyAsI yA bhikSu gRhatyAgI hotA hai| usake gRhatyAga ko vaidika paramparA meM 'aniketa' (dra. nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad-7/2, paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad) zabda se tathA jaina paramparA meM anagAra (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-1/1) nAma se saMketita kiyA gayA hai| mahAbhArata (12/21/5) ke anusAra prANiyoM ke prati droha chor3akara vyakti 'brahmarUpa' ho jAtA hai / prANAtipAta (hiMsA) se virata dayAvAn, indriyasaMyamI va vItarAga vyakti karma-bandhanoM se chaTa jAte haiM (mhaabhaart-13/144/7-9)| yAjJavalkya upaniSad meM parivrAjaka (saMnyAsI) ke lie aparigrahI va adrohI vizeSaNa prayukta kiye gaye haiN| vaidika padmapurANa (3/59/19) meM bhikSu ke lie ahiMsaka hone kA nirdeza hai- prANihiMsAnivRttazca maunI syAt sarvaniHspRhaH / jaina paramparA meM bhI bhikSu/sAdhu ke lie samasta (SaTjIvanikAya) jIvoM ke prati ahiMsaka rahane kI anivAryatA batAI gaI hai| jinavANI ke kucha sandarbha yahAM prAsaMgika haiM:- pANe ya NAivAejjA (sUtrakRtAMga-1/8/2)- bhikSu kisI prANI kI hiMsA na kre|n virujjhejja keNa vi (sUtrakRtAMga-1/11/12) kisI ke bhI sAtha virodha/droha na kare / na haNe pANiNo pANe (uttarAdhyayana-6/7) - kisI bhI prANI ko na mAre, aadi-aadi| vaidika paramparA ke yogazAstra ke anusAra pratyeka AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke lie pAMca yamoM kA pAlana karanA anivArya hai| ve haiM- ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya va aparigraha (dra. yogasUtra. 2/3 va vyAsa-bhASya, kUrmapurANa-2/11/13 aadi)| paramahaMsa parivrAjakopaniSad (5/16) meM parivrAjaka ke lie ina yamoM kI rakSApAlanA karanA apekSita mAnA gayA hai- brahmacaryAparigrahAhiMsAsatyaM yatnena rkssyn| jaina paramparA meM paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana bhikSu ke lie anivArya mAnA gayA hai| ye pAMca mahAvrata (uparyukta pAMca yamoM ke prathama khaNDa/61

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samAna hI) haiM-ahiMsA satya, asteya, brahmacarya va aparigraha (tthaannaaNg5/1/1)| inameM ahiMsA vrata kI hI pradhAnatA hai, kyoMki satya Adi cAroM vrata ahiMsA ke hI pallavita rUpa haiN| vrata va yama eka hI artha ko vyakta karate haiN| isIlie bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA dharma 'cAturyAma' kahA gayA hai aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma 'paMcayAma' / bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne pAMcoM yamoM ko ina cAra vargoM meM sameTa liyA thAahiMsA, satya, asteya aura bAhya prigrh-virti| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAmayika apekSAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara 'bAhaparigraha-virati' ke sthAna para brahmacarya va aparigraha- ina do vratoM ko mAnyatA dI, ataH unheM paMcayAma dharma kA upadeSTA kahA jAtA hai (dra. uttarAdhyayana suutr-23/23-27)| vastutaH paMcayAma dharma ukta cAturyAma kA hI vistArita rUpa thA, koI nayA vrata usameM samAhita nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| kyoMki pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM strIparigraha va abrahmacarya ko bAhya parigraha meM hI saMnihita mAnA jAtA thaa| agnikAyajIvoM kI hiMsA ke bhaya se jaina bhikSu agni nahIM jalAtA (dra.sUtrakRtAMga-1/7/5, dazavaikAlika-6/295-298) vaidika paramparA meM bhI, sambhavataH ukta bhAvanA se bhikSu ko anagnisevI- arthAt agni jalAne Adi se dUra (dra. paramahaMsaparivrAjakoSaniSad) batAyA gayA hai| mArga meM calate hue bhikSu ke pairoM se kisI jIva kA vadha nahIM ho jAe, isalie sambhAvita hiMsA se bacane ke lie jaina bhikSu 'IryAsamiti' kA pAlana karatA hai- bahuta sAvadhAnIpUrvaka, sAr3he tIna hAtha pramANa sAmane kI bhUmi ko ThIka se nihAratA huA vaha vicaraNa karatA hai (dra. AcArAMga-2/3/1 sU. 469-47, prazravyAkaraNa-2/1 sU. 1 1 3, uttarAdhyayana sUtra-4/7, 24/6-7 Adi) vaidika paramparA meM bhI bhikSu ke lie isI taraha kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai _ samIkSya vasudhAM caret (mnusmRti-6/68)| ... - jamIna ko dekha-bhAla kara (hI) cale, vicaraNa kre| jaina dharma etA pani dharma ko sAratati dil,62 -

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bolane-cAlane meM asAvadhAnI se ahiMsA vrata meM doSa laga sakatA hai, apanI vANI se kisI dUsare ke mana ko pIr3A pahuMcA kara usake hiMsA-doSa laganA sambhAvita hai- isa dRSTi se jaina bhikSu bhASA samiti va vacogupti kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha yatanApUrvaka, saMyama-pUrvaka bhASaNa karatA hai, vaise yathAsambhava to mauna hI rahane kA prayAsa karatA hai (dra. uttarAdhyayana- 2/25, 24/9-1 AcArAMga-2/4/1 sU. 52, dazavaikAlika- 7/36,385,387, 8/4849,835,838, 9/5 aadi-aadi)|vaidik paramparA meM bhI upaniSad kA nirdeza hai- nApRSTaH kasyacit brUyAt (saMnyAsopaniSad- 2/12) arthAt binA pUche kisI se bAtacIta na kre| (samatA kI sAdhanA-) saMnyAsI va jaina bhikSu- donoM ko hI 'samatA kA sAdhaka' mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhArata (6/36/1 3), gItA (2/1 5) tathA nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad (5/37, 6/25) Adi meM saMnyAsI ko 'samaduHkhasukha' arthAt pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI samabhAva dhAraNa karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI samatA ko zramaNatva kA mUla batAte hue (samayAe samaNo hoi-uttarAdhyayana- 25/32) zramaNa ke samabhAvI svarUpa ko prakhyApita kiyA gayA hai (dra. uttarAdhyayana 19/ 91, 19/26, pravacanasAra- 3/41, dshvaikaalik-1/525)| vaidika paramparA kA saMnyAsI 'abhayadAtA' mAnA gayA hainAradaparivrAjakopaniSad (5/15) meM kahA gayA hai abhayaM sarvabhUtebhyo datvA carati yo muniH| . na tasya sarvabhUtebhyo bhayamutpadyate kvacit // - - jo muni samasta prANiyoM ko 'abhaya' detA huA vicaraNa karatA hai, use bhI sabhI prANiyoM se kabhI bhayabhIta nahIM honA pdd'taa| prathama khaNDa/63

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jaina paramparA meM bhI bhikSu ke lie 'akutobhaya' (bhayabhIta nahIM karane vAlA aura bhayabhIta nahIM hone vAlA) hone kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai (dra. AcArAMga- 1/1/2 sU. 22, sUtrakRtAMga- 1/6/23, jJAnArNava8/51/523 aadiaadi)| (nirdoSa bhikSAcaryA-) donoM paramparAoM meM udarabharaNa kA sAdhana 'bhikSAcaryA' mAnA gayA hai| jaina AgamoM meM zramaNa kA paryAya 'bhikSu' bhI hai (uttarAdhyayana 1/1, dazavaikAlika-1/1) bhikkhaM cara (mUlAcAra- 1/4)- arthAt bhikSA hetu vicaraNa karo- yaha nirdeza bhI jaina paramparA meM prApta hotA hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad (5/1) meM spaSTa nirdeza hai-bhikSAmAtreNa jIvI syAt, arthAt mAtra bhikSA mAMga kara hI jIvanayApana kre| bhikSA mAMgane ko donoM paramparAoM meM 'gocarI' nAma diyA gayA hai| upaniSad meM nimnalikhita spaSTa nirdeza haiM jinameM gau kI taraha bhikSA caryA karane kA vidhAna batAyA gayA hai: govat mRgayate muniH (saMnyAsopaniSad 2/78, nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad, 5/11) / govRttya bhaikSamAcaret (prmhNsprivraajkop.)| jaina paramparA meM bhI muni dvArA (gocarAgragato muniHdazavaikAlika-5/2, uttarAdhyayana- 2/29 Adi) gocarI karane kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| (gocarI kA abhiprAya:-) jaise gAya kI dRSTi AbhUSaNoM se susajjita sundara yuvatI ke zRMgAra para nahIM, apitu usake dvArA lAyI gaI ghAsa para rahatI hai, vaise hI sAdhu ko bhI dAtA tathA usake veza evaM bhikSA-sthala kI sajAvaTa Adi ke prati yA AhAra ke rUkhe-cikanepana Adi para jena dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAra tRtika vAtA/64

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dhyAna diye binA yA una sabakI apekSA kiye binA AhAra grahaNa karanA gocarI yA gaveSaNA AhAra-vRtti hai / cUrNikAra jinadAsa gaNi ne bhI gocarI AhAra vRtti ke viSaya meM isI prakAra kA udAharaNa dete hue kahA hai ki jaise eka yuvA vaNik - strI alaMkRta, vibhUSita ho, sundara vastra dhAraNa kara govatsa ko AhAra detI hai / kintu vaha govatsa usake hAtha se usa AhAra ko grahaNa karatA huA bhI usa strI ke raMga, rUpa, AmaraNAdi ke zabda, gaMdha aura sparza meM mUcchita nahIM hotA hai / isI prakAra sAdhu bhI viSayAdi zabdoM meM amUcchita rahatA huA AhArAdi kI gaveSaNA meM pravRtta ho / (dazavaikAlika - 5/1/1 kI cUrNi, pR. 167-168) / AcArya haribhadra ne 'gocara' zabda kA artha kiyA hai- gAya kI taraha caranA - bhikSATana karanA / jaise gAya acchI-burI ghAsa kA bheda kiye binA caratI hai, vaise hI sAdhu ko uttama, madhyama aura adhama kula kA bheda na karate hue tathA priya-apriya AhAra meM rAgadveSa na karate hue bhikSATana karanA cAhie / (dazavaikAlika- haribhadrIya TIkA, patra 18 ) | niSkarSa yaha hai ki 'gocarI' meM 'samatA' bhAvanA antarnihita hotI hai / (vikAravardhaka AhAra kA tyAga:-) vaidika va jaina- donoM paramparAeM saMnyAsI va bhikSu ke lie rAgAdivardhaka va kAmottejaka snigdha AhAra ke tyAga kA nirdeza karatI hai| vaidika paramparA ke saMnyAsopaniSad (2/76) meM kahA haighRtAdIn varjayed yatiH, arthAt ghRta Adi vastuoM kA muni / yati tyAga kare | jaina paramparA meM varNita bhikSAcaryA-sambandhI nirUpaNoM meM bhI atyadhika sarasasa- snigdha-gariSTha padArthoM ke sevana ko varjanIya batAyA gayA hai (dra. kalpasUtra - 237, uttarAdhyayana-32/61-68, 16/sU.9, 16/ 7,15,17/15,3/26 Adi) / prathama khaNDa / 65

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(grAmAdi nivAsa kI maryAdA-) bhikSu ko eka hI sthAna para bane rahane se vahAM ke logoM ke prati atyadhika rAga yA dveSa hone kI sambhAvanA hotI hai aura hiMsAdi doSa se jIvana-caryA ke dUSita hone kI AzaMkA bhii| ataH donoM paramparAoM ne bhikSu ke lie grAma-nagara Adi meM Thaharane kI kAlamaryAdA kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai| isI taraha varSA-kAla meM cAra mAsa taka 'cAturmAsa' karane kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai| vaidika paramparA ke saMnyAsopaniSad (1 adhyAya) meM nirdeza hai: grAme ekarAtraM care paMcarAtraM caturo mAsAn vArSikAn grAme vA nagare vApi vased / arthAt grAma meM adhikAdhika eka rAta, nagara meM pAMca rAta, tathA varSAkAla meM grAma ho yA nagara, vahAM cAra mAsa taka nivAsa kre| bhAgavata (7/13/1) meM bhI saMnyAsI ko gAMva meM eka rAta Thaharane kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha kI kAla-maryAdA kA jaina paramparA meM bhI nirdhAraNa dRSTigocara hotA hai| (dra. mUlAcAra- (9/19/) 794) gAmeyarAdivAsI, Nayare paMcAhavAsiNo dhiiraa| jaina paramparA meM 'varSAvAsa' (cAturmAsa) meM vihAra na karane tathA eka hI sthAna para Thaharane ke pIche kAraNoM kA saMketa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki varSAvAsa meM vihAra karane se jIvoM kI virAdhanA (hiMsA) hotI hai (dra. bRhatkalpa bhASya, gAthA- 2736-37, AcArAMga sUtra- 2/ 3/1/111)|atH uparyukta nivAsa kI maryAdA kI pRSThabhUmi meM 'ahiMsA' dharma kA anuSThAna hI pramukha udezya siddha hotA hai| parva va tyauhAra manuSya samAja kI buddhimAn ikAI hai| usameM dharma aura samAja kA svarUpa antarvyApta rahatA hai| usakI antazcetanA ko anuprANita karane ke lie aneka parva aura tyauhAroM kA Ayojana jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI prAkRtika ekatA 65

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hotA hai| parva meM dhArmikatA aura tyauhAra meM sAmAjikatA kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai| jana-jIvana meM AtmavizvAsa, utsAha tathA kriyAnvayatA kA saMcAra parva athavA tyauhAra dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| parva athavA tyauhAra dharma aura samAja ke antarmAnasa kI sAmUhika abhivyakti haiN| kisI jijJAsu ne amuka dharma athavA samAja kI AdhArabhUta pRSThabhUmi jAnanA cAhI to gurU ne uttara dete hue kahA ki dharma athavA samAja ke antarmAnasa ko jAnane ke lie unase sambandhita parva athavA tyauhAra ko jAna lenA parama Avazyaka hai| __ vaidika va jaina- donoM paramparAoM meM apane-apane aneka viziSTa parva va tyauhAra manAye jAte haiM, unameM kucha parva va tyauhAra aise bhI haiM jinheM donoM paramparAeM manAtI haiM, yadyapi unheM manAne kI pRSThabhUmi donoM kI pRthak-pRthak va bhinna rahI hai| aise do parva haiMdIpAvalI aura rakSAbandhana / (1) dIpAvalI parva: hindU janatA isa parva ko lakSmI-pUjana divasa ke rUpa meM manAtI hai |diipk prakAza kA srota hotA hai jo andhakAra kA viparIta rUpa hai|andhkaar pratIka hai- ajJAnatA kA evaM daridratA kA |dridrtaanaashk lakSmI tathA ajJAna-nAzaka gaNeza-donoM kA mUrtimanta rUpa hai-prakAzayukta dIpaka / isa parva meM dIpAvaliyAM prajvalita karane tathA gaNeza-mahAlakSmI ke pUjana kI prathA cirakAla se calI A rahI hai| isa parva ke pracalana kI pRSThabhUmi kI vyAkhyA vividha prakAra se kI jAtI rahI hai| kucha loga rAvaNa ko jItakara bhagavAn rAma ke ayodhyA lauTane kI ghaTanA se isa parva kA pracalana svIkAra karate haiM to kucha loga samrATa azoka kI digvijaya se ise jor3ate haiN| kucha vidvAn ise yakSapUjA kI prAcIna paramparA kA pariSkRta rUpa mAnate haiN| saMbhavataH isa parva kA pracalana koI aisI prAcInatama prathama saNDa/67

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aitihAsika ghaTanA se rahA hogA jisane bhAratIya jana-mAnasa meM bhautika va AdhyAtmika-donoM taraha kI sukha-samRddhi kA mArga prazasta kiyA hogaa| isa parva ko manAkara bhAratIya jana-mAnasa bhAvI sukhasamRddhi kI kAmanA karatA hai aura ukta kAmanA kI pUrti hetu abhISTa deva gaNeza-mahAlakSmI kI pUjA-upAsanA karatA hai| - jaina paramparA isa parva ko antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa-gamana tathA unake prathama gaNadhara gautama ko huI kevalajJAna (sarvajJatA) kI upalabdhi se jor3atI hai| jaina Agama meM prApta nirUpaNa ke anusAra, mahAvIra bhagavAn bhavyajIvoM ko upadeza dete hue pAvAnagarI meM padhAre / bhagavAn ne do dina kA upavAsa kiyaa| ve do dina-rAta taka pravacana karate rhe| bhagavAn ne apane aMtima pravacana meM puNya aura pApa ke phaloM kA vizada vivecana kiyaa| bhagavAn pravacana karate-karate hI nirvANa ko prApta ho ge| usa samaya rAtri cAra ghar3I zeSa thii| (kalpasUtra, sU. 147 va subodhikA ttiikaa)| isa prakAra caturthakAla kI samApti meM tIna varSa sAr3he ATha mAsa bAkI raha jAne para, kArtikI amAvasyA ke prabhAtakAlIna sandhyA ke samaya, yoga (mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA) kA nirodha karake karmoM kA nAza kara bhagavAn mahAvIra mukti ko prApta hue| vaha jyoti manuSya-loka se vilIna ho gaI jisakA prakAza asaMkhya logoM ke antaHkaraNa ko prakAzita kara rahA thaa| vaha jJAna-sUrya kSitija ke usa pAra calA gayA jo apane razmipuMja se jana-mAnasa ko Alokita kara rahA thaa| bhagavAn kA nirvANa huA, usa samaya kSaNabhara ke lie samUce prANI-jagat meM sukha kI lahara daur3a gii| usa samaya malla aura licchavi gaNarAjyoM ne dIpa jlaae| kArtikI amAvasyA kI rAta jagamagA uThI (dra. kalpasUtra 127) / jaina dharma evaM taidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 682

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cAroM prakAra ke devatAoM ne Akara unakI pUjA kI aura dIpaka jlaaye| usa samaya una dIpakoM ke prakAza meM pAvAnagarI kA AkAza pradIpita ho rahA thA (dra. harivaMza purANa 66/15-21) / __bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa-prApti ke upalakSa meM dIpAvalInAma se parva ke manAye jAne kA ullekha vikrama kI navIM zatI (vikrama saMvat 84) ke paurANika grantha (jinasena-kRta) 'harivaMza purANa' (66/2) meM upalabdha hotA haitatastu lokaH prativarSamAdarAt prasiddhadIpAlikayA'tra bhaarte| samudyataH pUjayituM jinezvaraM jinendr-nirvaannvibhuutibhktibhaak|| -arthAt mahAvIra kI kaivalya-ghaTanA para devoM dvArA kI gaI dIpAvalI kI usa ghaTanA ke bAda se hI, bhAratavarSa ke logoM ne bhagavAn kI kaivalya-lakSmI ke prati bahumAna dete hue jinendra-deva kI . pUjA-upAsanA kI dRSTi se dIpamAlikA/dIpAvalI nAmaka parva manAnA prArambha kiyaa| ____ mokSa ko aura kaivalya ko lakSmI rUpa meM nirUpita karane vAle anekAneka ullekha jaina purANAdi sAhitya meM pracuratayA upalabdha hote haiM (dra. svayaMbhUstotra- 16/3, AdipurANa- 33/17, 34/222, 35/241, uttarapurANa-64/55, 55/6, Adi aadi)| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko mokSa-prApti ke anantara hI unake prathama gaNadhara gautama ko kevala-jJAna prApta ho gayA thaa| ve bhI kaivalya rUpa lakSmI ke adhipati ho gae the| gaNadhara ko purANoM meM gaNeza (harivaMzapurANa- 3/65), gaNAdhIza va gaNanAyaka (uttarapurANa- 76/387, 389, 94/374 Adi) nAmoM se bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isalie gaNeza-mahAlakSmI ke pUjana kI paramparA bhI pravartita huii| prathama khaNDa/69

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(2) rakSAbandhana kA parva: dUsarA ullekhanIya sArvajanika tyauhAra, rakSAbandhana kA hai| sAdhAraNataH isa tyauhAra ke dina loga logoM ke hAthoM meM rAkhiyAM jinheM rakSAbandhana kahate haiM, bAMdhakara dakSiNA lete haiN| rAkhI bAMdhate samaya ve nimnalikhita zloka paDhate haiM jisakA bhAva yaha hai- 'jisa rAkhI se dAnavoM kA indra mahAbalI balirAja bAMdhA gayA, usase maiM tumheM bhI bAMdhatA huuN| tuma merI rakSA karo aura usase DiganA nahIM' yena baddho balI rAjA, dAnavendro mhaablii| tena tvAmapi badhnAmi. rakSe mA cala mA cl|| vaidika purANoM meM 'vAmanAvatAra' se sambaddha kathA varNita hai jisake anusAra vAmanarUpa dhArI viSNu dvArA rAjA bali ko vAruNa pAzoM meM bAMdhA gayA thA aura use rAjyacyuta kara diyA gayA thA (bhAgavata pu. 8/21/27-28) / vAmanarUpadhArI viSNu ne daitya rAjA bali se tIna kadama bhUmi dene ke lie khaa| viSNu ne apane do kadamoM meM hI samasta pRthvI ko nApa liyA thA aura isa prakAra rAjA bali kA svataH rAjyacyuta honA par3A thA (draSTavyaH bhAgavata purANa-8/15-23 adhyaay)| sambhavataH yaha ghaTanA AsurI bhautika zakti para daivI bauddhika va AdhyAtmika zakti kI vijaya kA pratIka bana gaI aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke eka viziSTa parva ke rUpa meM pravartita ho gii| isI daivI zakti kI vijaya ke upalakSya meM, yaha tyauhAra umaMga va ullAsa ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai| ___jaina paramparA meM isa ghaTanA kI pRSThabhUmi ko muni viSNukumAra kI paurANika kathA meM nihita mAnA gayA hai| ukta ghaTanA prAcIna dharma va saMskRti kI paramparA para AghAta karane vAloM ke nirmUlana aura una para prApta huI vijaya kI pratIka hai| vaidika vAmanAvatAra se kucha sAmya rakhatI huI jaina paurANika kathA isa prakAra hai: jena dharma evaM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 70

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kisI samaya ujjainI nagarI meM zrIdharma nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake cAra maMtrI the- bali, bRhaspati, namuci, aura prahalAda / ekabAra jainamuni akampanAcArya sAta sau muniyoM ke saMgha ke sAtha ujjainI meM pdhaare| maMtriyoM ke manA karane para bhI rAjA muniyoM ke darzana ke lie gyaa| usa samaya saba muni dhyAnastha the| lauTate hue mArga meM eka muni se maMtriyoM kA zAstrArtha ho gyaa| maMtrI parAjita ho ge| kruddha maMtrI rAtri meM talavAra lekara muniyoM ko mArane ke lie nikle| mArga meM usI zAstrArtha ke sthAna para dhyAna meM magna apane pratidvandvI muni ko dekhakara maMtriyoM ne una para vAra karane ke lie jaise hI talavAra Upara uThAI, unake hAtha jyoM ke tyoM raha gye| dina nikalane para rAjA ne maMtriyoM ko deza se nikAla diyaa| cAroM maMtrI apamAnita hokara hastinApura ke rAjA padma kI zaraNa meM aaye| vahAM bali ne kauzala se padma rAjA ke eka zatru ko pakar3akara usake supurda kara diyaa| padma ne prasanna hokara muMha-mAMgA varadAna diyA / bali ne samaya para varadAna mAMgane ke lie kaha diyaa| kucha samaya bAda muni akampanAcArya kA saMgha vihAra karatA huA hastinApura AyA aura usane vahIM varSAvAsa karanA taya kiyaa| jaba bali vagairaha ko isa bAta kA patA calA to ve bahuta ghabarAye, pIche unheM apane apamAna kA badalA cukAne kI yukti sUjha gyii| unhoMne varadAna kA smaraNa dilAkara rAjA padma se sAta dina kA rAjya mAMga liyaa| rAjya pAkara bali ne munisaMgha ke cAroM ora eka bAr3A khar3A karA diyA aura usake andara purUSamedha yajJa karane kA prabandha kiyaa| _ viSNukumAra muni hastinApura ke rAjA padma ke bhAI the| ve turanta apane bhAI padma ke pAsa pahuMce aura bole- 'padmarAja! tumane yaha kyA kara rakhA hai? kuruvaMza meM aisA anartha kabhI nahIM huaa| yadi prathama khaNDa/71

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rAjA hI tapasviyoM para anartha karane lage tA use kauna dUra kara sakegA? yadi jala hI Aga ko bhar3akAne lage to phira use kauna bujhA sakegA / ' uttara meM padma ne bali ko rAjya de dene kI samasta ghaTanA sunAI aura kucha kara sakane meM apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kI / taba viSNukumAra muni vAmanarUpa dhAraNa karake bali ke yajJa meM pahuMce aura prArthanA karane para tIna paira dharatI usase mAMgI / jaba bali ne dAna kA saMkalpa kara diyA to viSNukumAra ne vikriyARddhi ke dvArA apane zarIra ko bar3hAyA / unhoMne apanA pahalA paira sumerU parvata para rakhA, dUsarA paira mAnuSottara parvata para rakhA aura tIsarA paira sthAna na hone se AkAza meM Dolane lagA / taba sarvatra hAhAkAra maca gayA, devatA daur3a par3e aura unhoMne viSNukumAra mui se prArthanA kI, 'bhagavan! apanI isa vikriyA ko sameTiye / Apake tapa ke prabhAva se tInoM loka caMcala ho uThe haiM / taba unhoMne apanI vikriyA ko sameTA | muniyoM kA upasarga dUra huA aura bali ko deza se nikAla diyA gayA (draSTavyaH harivaMzapurANa- 2/29-62, uttarapurANa- 7 / 274-3)1 ukta ghaTanA jaina dharma-zAsana va saMskRti kI rakSA hetu preraNA detI hai aura jaina zAsana para kuThArAghAta karane vAloM para prApta huI vijaya kI aitihAsika smRti ko bhI yaha saMjoe hue hai| saMbhavataH jaina zAsana va saMskRti kI rakSA hetu paraspara ekajuTa hone kI pratijJA karane ke lie vArSika samAroha ke rUpa meM manAkara ukta ghaTanA ko cirasmRta karane kA prayAsa isa parva ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai / mAMgalika dravya aura dhArmika pratIka vaidika va jaina- donoM paramparAoM meM kucha nirjIva va sajIva vastuoM ko 'mAMgalika' mAnA gayA hai| isI taraha, kucha dhArmika pratIka bhI una paramparAoM meM mAnya kiye gae haiN| inameM se kucha jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA / 72

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mAMgalika dravya va dhArmika pratIka donoM paramparAoM meM pUrNataH yA AMzika rUpa se mAnya haiM / prArambha meM vaidika paramparA meM mAnya maMgala dravyoM kI carcA kI jA rahI hai: - (1) dono paramparAoM meM maMgala dravya vaidika paramparA meM kucha dravyoM kA mAMgalika dravyoM ke rUpa meM vyavahAra hotA thA / una dravyoM ko ghara meM rakhanA evaM utsava Adi meM yathAvidhi unakA upayoga karanA gRhastha ke lie zreSTha mAnA jAtA thaa| bhaiMsa tathA gAya ko eka sAtha rakhanA kalyANaprada batAyA gayA hai / candana, vINA, darpaNa, madhu, ghRta, lohA, tAmra, zaMkha, zAligrAma, gorocana Adi ko bhI mAMgalika dravya batAyA gayA hai (mahAbhArata - 5 / 4/1-11) / bhRSTadhAnya (bhunA anna), candana - cUrNa hara mAMgalika kRtya meM chitarAye jAte the ( mahAbhArata - 3 / 257 / 2) | dahI kA pAtra, ghI evaM akSata, kaNThabhUSaNa, bahumUlya vastra - kalyANakArI dravya mAne jAte the (mahAbhArata- 8/1/11-12 ) / zvetapuSpa, svastika, bhUmi, suvarNa, rajata, maNi Adi kA sparza bhI maMgaladAyI kahA gayA hai (mahAbhArata- 12/ 4/7-8) | mahAbhAratakAra kahate haiM, jo vyakti prAtaHkAla zayyA tyAga karake go, ghRta, dadhi, sarasoM, priyaMgu kA sparza karatA hai, vaha saba prakAra ke pApa se mukta hotA hai (mahAbhArata- 13/126/18) / ukta nirjIva dravyoM ke atirikta, gau, azva, bakarI, baila - inheM bhI mAMgalika mAnA jAtA thA (dra. mahAbhArata - 5 / 4-11, 8 / 1 /11-12) / jaina paramparA meM nimnalikhita ATha maMgala dravya mAne gaye haiM- (1) svastika ( 2 ) zrIvatsa (3) nandyAvarta ( AkRti - vizeSa ), (4) varddhamAnaka (sikorA, yA svastika yA purUSArUDha puraSa Adi), (5) bhadrAsana (6) kalaza (7) matsya aura (8) darpaNa (dra. aupapAtika sUtra - 1/34 va 49 para abhayadeva kRta vRtti, jJAtAdharmakathA - 1 / 153 pR. 71, loka prkaash-15/14)| prathama khaNDa /73

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eka anya sthala para jalapUrNa kalaza, zrRMgAra (jalapUrNa jhArI), caMvara sahita divya chatra, divya patAkA ko bhI 'mAMgalika' mAnA gayA hai (dra. jambUdvIpa prajJapti sUtra- 5/1 5 pR. 293-295) / anyatra sthala meM, candana-kalaza, puSpamAlA Adi se 'yakSAyatana' (devamUrti-sthAna) ko susajjita kiyA gayA batAyA gayA hai (aupapAtika sUtra-2), jisase inakI mAMgalikatA sUcita hotI hai| ___paramparA- bheda se (digambara paramparA meM) nimnalikhita ATha maMgala dravya mAne gae haiM- (1) bhaMgAra (jalapUrNa jhArI) (2) kalaza (3) darpaNa, (4) camara (5) dhvajA (6) vyajana (paMkhA, tAlavRnta), (7) chatra (8) supratiSTha (AkRti-vizeSa) (draSTavyaH tiloyapaNNatti- 4/ 1879-188, harivaMza purANa- 2/72) / eka anya sthala para, kamalamAlA, camara, ghaMTA, jhArI (bhuMgAra), kalaza, darpaNa, pAtrI, zaMkha, supratiSThaka, dhvajA, dhUpanI, dIpa, kUrca, pATalikA, jhAMjha-majIrA Adi upakaraNoM ko jina-pratimA ke samIpavartI batAyA gayA hai aura ina dravyoM kI mAMgalikatA sUcita kI gaI hai (dra. harivaMzapurANa- 5/364, tiloyapaNNatti- 4/1825, 4/186769, diga. jambUdvIpaprajJapti- 13/112-21) / eka anya (digambara-grantha) vasunandi-kRta pratiSThasAra saMgraha (6/35-36) meM zvetachatra, darpaNa, dhvaja, cAmara, toraNamAlA, tAlavRnta (paMkhA), nandyAvarta, pradIpa- inheM bhI mAMgalika mAnA gayA hai| uparyukta donoM paramparAoM kI mAnyatAoM kA anuzIlana karane para, jo sarvasammata maMgala dravya va dhArmika pratIka nizcita hote haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM: (2) svastika donoM paramparAeM svastika ko mAGgalika pratIka svIkAra karatI haiN| pratyeka bhAratIya svastika cinha ko apane gharoM Adi meM jaina dharma ta vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA,74_'

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aMkita kara unake maMgalamaya hone kI kAmanA karatA hai| mahAbhArata (5/4/7-8) meM ise 'mAMgalika' pratIka ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| svastika ko mAMgalika rUpa meM prayukta hone ke pramANa 6 hajAra sAla varSa purAne bhitticitroM se prApta hote haiN| hiTalara ise AryajAti kI zreSThatA kA pratIka mAnatA thA aura isalie usane ise apane jhaMDe meM prayukta kiyA thaa| jaina mAnyatAnusAra aSTa-mAMgalika dravyoM (dra. aupapAtika-49, jJAtAdharmakathA-1/153) tathA tIrthaMkarAdi mahApuruSoM ke zarIra meM lakSita 18 lakSaNoM meM bhI svastika parigaNita hai (dra. AdipurANa 1 5/3744)|sumeru parvata kI jisa pAMDuka zilA para tIrthaMkara kA sAnAbhiSeka hotA hai usa para bhI svastika banA rahatA hai| jisa zilA para baiThakara tIrthaMkara kezaloMcapUrvaka jainezvarI dIkSA grahaNa karate haiM usa para indrANI pahale hI ratnacUrNa se svastika banA detI hai| sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzva kA lAMchana bhI svastika thA aura eka atyanta prAcIna pArzva- pratimA ke Upara bane sapta phaNoM meM se eka phaNa ke Upara bhI svastika banA huA hai (vaha pratimA lakhanaU ke rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM hai)| yaha stanitakumAra bhavanapatidevoM kA bhI cihna (vardhamAna) mAnA jAtA hai (dra. tttvaarthsuutr-bhaassy-4/11)| dhyAnarUpI sAdhanA meM bhI svastika-yukta agnitattva kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai (dra. jJAnANava- 34/16-17)| bhUmi zuddhi, vedI pratiSThA Adi meM bhI mAMgalika vidhAna ke pUrva svastika banAyA jAtA hai| (svastika kA pUrNa vikasita rUpa:-) eka khar3I rekhA ko utanI hI bar3I eka par3I rekhA samadvibhAjita karatI hai aura isa dhanAtmaka cinha ke cAroM siroM se eka-eka rekhA jo ukta khar3I yA par3I rekhA se AdhI lambI hotI hai, samakoNa banAtI huI pradakSiNA-krama se khIMcI jAtI hai| ina cAroM rekhAoM ke Um.75

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siroM ko bAhara kI ora kiMcit ghumAva de diyA jAtA hai| sabase Upara kI par3I rekhA ke Upara tIna bindu banAye jAte haiM, jinake Upara ardhacandra banAyA jAtA hai aura usake Upara eka zUnya sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI cAroM koSThakoM meM bhI eka-eka bindu banA diyA jAtA hai, athavA unake sAtha hI bAhara kI ora bhI cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka bindu banA diyA jAtA hai| yaha svastika kA jaina paramparA meM pUrNa vikasita rUpa hai| vaise usakA mUla rUpa evaM mukhya aMza ukta dizAoM Adi se rahita mAtra rekhAoM se banA AkAra hI hai| svastika ke mUlarUpa ko kalAkAroM ne aneka sundara rUpa pradAna kiye jinake udAharaNa mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta sAdhika do sahasra varSa prAcIna jaina AyAgapaTToM meM, usase bhI pUrvakAla kI ur3IsA kI khAravela-kAlIna hAthIgumphA Adi meM tathA uttaravartI ke aneka jaina mUrtAGkanoM, stambhoM, vedikAoM, sUciyoM, chattoM, bhittiyoM Adi evaM laghu citroM Adi meM prApta hote haiN| isa pratIka kA sIdhA-sAdA paramparAnumodita rahasya yA bhAva to yahI pratIta hotA hai ki khar3I rekhA cetana tattva (AtmA yA jIva) kI sUcaka hai, par3I rekhA jar3a tattva (pudgala/ajIva) kI sUcaka hai, aura unake siroM ke ghumAva yaha sUcita karate haiM ki jar3a pudgala ke saMyoga se jIvAtmA jisa caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM nirantara saMsaraNa karatA A rahA hai, usase mukta hone ke lie bhI chaTapaTA rahA hai| bhItara ke cAra bindu cAra ghAtiyA karmoM ke sUcaka haiM jo use saMsAra meM roke hue haiM, tathA una cAra ArAdhanAoM (jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa) ke bhI sUcaka haiM jinakI sAdhanA se ukta karmoM ko samApta karake vaha anantacatuSTaya kA dhanI ho jAtA hai| bAhara ke cAra bindu ananta catuSTaya ke sUcaka haiN| Upara ke tIna bindu ratnatraya ke pratIka haiM, jinakI pUrNatA ardhacandra se sUcita siddhAlaya meM sthita zUnya ke rUpa meM nirAkAra siddhatva kA bodha karAtI hai| jaina dharmAdika dharma ko sAra tutikatA 76

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isa prakAra pUrNa svastika saMsAra aura mokSa kA pratIka hai| vaha nirgrantha zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita dharmatattva tathA usake svarUpa, hetu aura lakSya ke rahasya kA dyotaka hai| vaha kalyANaprada, kalyANasvarUpa tathA paramamaMgala hai ataH zAzvata aura anAdi-nidhana hai| vastutaH prasiddha purAtattvavettA janarala kaniMghama ne apanI pustaka Coins of Ancient India meM pR.11 para tathA sara moniyaraviliyamsa ne bhI apanI Sanskrit-English Dictionary dvi. saM. meM pR.1 283 para svastika ko mauryakAlIna brAhmI lipi ke 'su' aura 'asti' akSaroM ke saMyoga se banA batAyA hai, jisase vaha 'svasti' (kalyANa yA maMgala) zabda kA vAcaka pratIta bana gyaa| brAhmI lipi ke jo upalabdha namUne milate haiM, usase sahasroM varSa pUrva kI sindhughATI sabhyatA ke avazeSoM meM svastika kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| vahAM aneka mRNmudrAoM para aMkana hI nahIM, vahAM nagaroM kI sar3akeM bhI svastikAkAra thiiN| kucha jainetara vidvAn ise sUrya kA pratIka, to kucha viSNu bhagavAn ke sudarzana cakra kA pratIka batAte haiN| kucha vidvAn usakA mUla prAcIna yUnAnI kraoNsa meM yA mizra athavA mAlTA meM pracalita kraoNsa meM khojate haiM, kucha ise IsA kI salIba kA pratIka batAte haiN| kinhIM kA mata hai ki yaha sarpa-mithuna kA dyotaka hai|, jo prajanana yA sRSTi kI Adima parikalpanA kA pratIka hai| kucha vidvAn ise brAhmI lipi ke 'R' akSara se banA, ataeva bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA dyotaka mAnate haiN| (3) zaMkhaH vaidika paramparA ke mahAbhArata (5/4/1-11) meM zaMkha ko mAMgalika cihna mAnA gayA hai| bhagavAn viSNu ko zaMkha-cakra Adi kA dhAraNa karane vAlA varNita kiyA gayA hai (bhAgavata- 4/24/48) / zaMkha vijaya kA sUcaka hai| mahAbhArata meM senApati va mahAn yoddhAoM ke apane-apane viziSTa zaMkha the| jaise- zrIkRSNa kA pAJcajanya, arjuna prathama para77

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kA devadatta, bhImasena kA pauNDra, yudhiSThira kA anantavijaya Adi - Adi (dra. gItA - 1 / 14-18) / jaina paramparA meM bhI zaMkha ko jinendra deva ke 18 lakSaNoM meM parigaNita kara (dra. AdipurANa- 15 / 37-44) usake mAMgalika rUpa ko rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| yaha 22 veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kA cihna mAnA jAtA hai / jinasenAcArya-kRta harivaMzapurANa (5/364) meM maMgala dravyoM meM zaMkha kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / (4) darpaNa : zuddha AtmasvarUpa (paramAtmarUpa) kI prApti honA 'mokSa' hai (siddhiH svAtmopalabdhiH, siddhabhakti - 1 ) / kisI mahanIya yogya guru kA nimitta pAkara vyakti ko apane AtmasvarUpa kA bhAna ho pAtA hai / laukika vyavahAra meM darpaNa hameM svarUpa kA darzana karAtA hai- isa dRSTi se darpaNa zuddha AtmasvarUpa (paramAtmatA) ke sAkSAtkAra yA usakI upalabdhi kA pratIka hai / sambhavataH ukta vizeSatA ke kAraNa, donoM paramparAoM meM ise maMgala dravyoM meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai / mahAbhArata (5/4/1-11 ) meM bhI ise mAMgalika dravya ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI aneka granthoM meM darpaNa ko mAMgalika mAnA gayA hai (dra. aupapAtika sUtra - 49, jJAtAdharmakathA - 1 / 153, harivaMza purANa - 5/364, 2/72, tiloyapaNNatti - 4 / 1879 188, vasunandikRta pratiSThasArasaMgraha - 6/35-36) / (5) kalaza : pUrNa kalaza Arogya-sukha samRddhi kA pratIka hai | Arogyadeva dhanvantari ko amRta kalaza lie hue varNita kiyA jAtA hai (dra. bhAgavata- 8/8/34-35) / bhAratIya mAMgalika kRtyoM meM jalapUrNa ghaTa kI upasthiti apekSita mAnI jAtI haiN| navarAtrA - ArAdhanA meM devI kI ArAdhanA ke pUrva, ghaTa-sthApanA Avazyaka mAnI jAtI hai / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA / 78

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jaina paramparA meM aSTamaMgaloM meM 'kalaza' bhI parigaNita kiyA gayA hai (aupapAtika sU. 49,2, harivaMzapurANa- 2/72,5/364 jambUddIvapaNNatti sU. 5/1 5 aadi)| yaha jinendra deva ke 18 lakSaNoM meM bhI parigaNita hai (Adi purANa- 15/37-44)|bhavanavAsI deva agrikumAra kA tathA 19 veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha kA cihna bhI kalaza mAnA jAtA hai| (6) puSpamAlA: puSpa, puSpa-mAlA yA usakI toraNamAlA- ye sabhI mAMgalika vastueM haiN| mahAbhArata meM zveta-puSpa ko mAMgalika mAnA gayA hai (mahAbhArata- 5/4/7-8) | puSpa ullAsa va saubhAgya ke pratIka haiN| isIlie mAMgalika kRtyoM meM ghara ko puSpoM, puSpa-mAlA va toraNamAlA Adi se susajjita kiyA jAtA hai| lakSmI ko padmakarA (hAtha meM kamala lie hue) ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai (bhaagvt8/8/14,8/2/25)| jaina paramparA meM bhI puSpamAlA ke mAMgalika svarUpa ko aneka sthaloM para abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai (tiloyapaNNatti- 4/186769, aupapAtika- 2, pratiSThAsArasaMgraha- 6/35-36)|niil kamala ko 21 veM tIrthaMkara naminAtha kA tathA padmakamala ko chaThe tIrthaMkara padmaprabha kA cihna mAnA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara ke garbha meM Ane se pUrva mAtA jo svapna dekhatI hai, unameM 'puSpamAlA' bhI nirdiSTa hai| kalpavAsI deva Anatendra kA Ayudha bhI zvetapuSpamAlA hai, tathA kamala-mAlA kalpavAsI prANatendra kA Ayudha hai| (7) oMkAra: vaidika va jaina-donoM paramparAeM oMkAra ko mAMgalika pratIka tathA AdhyAtmika mahAmantra mAnatI haiN| vaidika paramparA meM ise praNava nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| prathama bhaNDa 79

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(praNava-mahattA :-) oMkAra yA praNava ko parabrahma kA vAcaka yA pratIka mAnA gayA hai (omityekAkSaraM brahma- gItA 8/13, omiti brahmaNo yoniHmahAbhArata- 12/268/35) / parabrahma AtmA yadi lakSya hai to praNava dhanuSa va AtmA bANa hai (muMDakopaniSad- 2/2/4, bhAgavata- 7/15/42) / isa praNava ke pAda (caraNa) haiM- a, u tathA m (mAMDUkyopaniSad- 8) / jaina dhArmika kRtyoM meM bhI oMkAra ko ativiziSTa sammAna va mahattva diyA jAtA hai / jaina paramparA meM nimnalikhita maMgalAcaraNa bolA jAtA hai jisameM oMkAra ko abhISTa phala kA pradAtA tathA mokSadAyaka bhI kahA jAtA hai: - oMkAraM bindusaMyuktaM nityaM dhyAyanti yoginaH / kAmadaM mokSadaM caiva, oMkArAya namo nmH|| ise paMca parameSThiyoM kA samaSTi-vAcaka mahAmantra mAnA jAtA hai| arhanta kA vAcaka 'a', azarIrI siddha kA vAcaka 'a', AcArya kA vAcaka A, upAdhyAya kA vAcaka 'u', sAdhu kA vAcaka 'm'isa prakAra pAMcoM ko jor3akara (sandhi karane para-a+a+A+u+m) 'oMkAra' banA hai| isI Azaya kI eka prAkRta gAthA jaina sAhitya meM prApta hotI hai : arihaMtA asarIrA AyariyA taha uvjjhaayaa| muNiNo paDhamakkharaNippaNNo oMkAro paMca parameTThI // (bRhadravyasaMgraha- 49 para brahmadeva-kRta vRtti) dhyAna-sAdhanA meM padastha dhyAna kI prakriyA ke antargata bhI 'oMkAra' kA viziSTa sthAna rahA hai (dra. bRhad dravyasaMgraha-49, jnyaanaarnnv35/34,87)| nodika dharma kI REAL 80

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pramukha saMskAra/dhArmika kriyAeM saMskAra zabda kI niSpatti 'sam' pUrvaka 'kR' dhAtu se 'ghaJ' pratyaya se mAnI gaI hai| 'saMskriyate anena iti saMskAraH' / isakA artha hai- saMskAraNa yA parimArjana athavA shuddhikrnn| bhAratIya saMskRti meM 'saMskAra se tAtparya aisI kriyA se mAnA gayA hai jisake dvArA vyakti-vizeSa kI pAtratA ko sAmAjika gatividhi ke anukUla banAyA jAtA thaa| udAharaNArtha, jaiminI-sUtra (3/1/3) kI vyAkhyA meM AcArya zabara ne saMskAra zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue varNana kiyA hai ki saMskAro nAma sa bhavati yasmiAte padArtho bhavati yogyaH kasyacidarthasya'-saMskAra vaha hai ki jisake hone se koI padArtha yA vyakti kisI kArya ke lie yogya ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra kumArilabhaTTa ne tantravArttika meM kahA hai ki-'yogyatAMcAdadhAnAH kriyAH saMskArA ityucyante'- arthAt saMskAra una kriyAoM/vidhi-vidhAnoM ko kahA jAtA hai jinase bhAvI kartavya va uttaradAyitva vahana karane kI pAtratA kA AvAhana/niSThApana vyakti meM kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika va jaina donoM paramparAoM meM vividha saMskArAtmaka kriyAoM ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA meM inheM saMskAra nAma diyA gayA hai, jabaki jaina paramparA meM 'kriyA' kahA gayA hai| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jaina paramparA meM ukta saMskArocita kriyAoM kA vyavasthita nirUpaNa paurANika kAla meM (gupta kAla yA usake bAda) hI prApta hotA hai| sambhavataH ise vaidika paramparA kA prabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai| ___ vaidika paramparA ke saMskAroM kA nirUpaNa dharmasUtroM va smRtiyoM meM vistRta rUpa se prApta hotA hai (dra. gautama dharmasUtra, Apastamba dharmasUtra, vaziSTha dharmasUtra, manusmRti, yAjJavalkya smRti aadi)| jaina paramparA meM A. jinasena-kRta AdipurANa (ke 38 veM parva) meM inakA vistRta nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai| prathama vagaDa,61

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inakI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM vaidika paramparA aikamatya nahIM rkhtii|gautm ne 4, vaikhAnasa ne 18, aMgirA ne 25, to vyAsa ne 16 saMskAra mAne haiN| kintu sarvamAnya rUpa se vidvAnoM ne saMskAroM kI saMkhyA ko 16 mAna kara unakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|jain paramparA meM 53 kriyAeM mAnI gaI haiN| vivAha se pUrva taka kI kriyAeM vahAM 16 hI haiN| vaidika paramparA ke 'saMskAra' tathA jaina paramparA kI kriyA'inameM apane-apane dharma-darzanoM ke anurUpa vaiSamya yA maulika bheda bhI hai to sAmya bhI hai| ukta donoM avadhAraNAoM meM pramukhataH sAmya yaha hai ki donoM yaha mAnatI haiM ki mAnava-jIvana meM nirantara vaiyaktika pariSkAra kI apekSA hai, ukta pariSkAra/saMskAra se sampanna hone ke lie Ayu kA eka viziSTa samaya hotA hai, sAmAjika va pArivArika variSTha janoM dvArA Ayojita dhArmika vAtAvaraNa ke madhya, bhAvI AtmIya pariSkaraNa/unnayana/zuddhIkaraNa kI prakriyA meM praviSTa hone ke lie viziSTa samAroha yA Ayojana ukta saMskAroM/kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA jAnA apekSita hai| donoM paramparAoM ke saMskArocita vidhi-vidhAno meM kucha sAmya bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai, jinheM yahAM rekhAMkita karanA yahAM abhIpsita hai| vaidika paramparA ke pramukha 16 saMskAra isa prakAra haiM:(1) garbhAdhAna, (2) puMsavana, (3) sImantonnayana, (4) jAtakarma, (5) nAmakaraNa, (6) niSkramaNa, (7) annaprAzana, (8) cUr3A karma, (9) karNavedha, (1) upanayana, (11) vedArambha, (12) samAvartana, (13) vivAha, (14) vAnaprastha, (15) saMnyAsa, (16) antyesstti| inameM se 1-3 garbha se sambaddha haiM, 4-9 janma ke bAda Ayojita hote haiM, 1-12 zikSA grahaNa va vidyArthI jIvana se jur3e haiN| 13 vAM gRhasthAzrama meM praveza se, 14 vAM vAnaprastha caryA ke aMgIkAra se tathA 15 vAM saMnyAsa-Azrama meM kiye jAne vAle padArpaNa se sambaddha hai| 16 vAM saMskAra mRtaka-saMskAra hai jo vartamAna gati ko chor3a kara naI Dona dita dharma ko sAtatikAta 82

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gati meM jAne kI prakriyA se sambaddha haiM / jaina paramparA meM 53 kriyAeM isa prakAra hai: (1) AdhAna, (2) prIti, (3) suprIti, (4) dhRti, (5) moda, (6) priyodbhava, (7) nAmakarma, (8) bahiryAna, (9) niSadyA, (1) annaprAzana, (11) vyuSTi, (12) kezavApa, (13) lipisaMkhyAna, (14) upanIti, (1 5) vratacaryA, (16) vratAvataraNa kriyA, (17) vivAha, (18) varNalAbha, (19) kulacaryA, (2) gRhIzitA, (21) prazAnti, (22) gRhatyAga, (23) dIkSAdya, (24) jinarUpatA, (25) maunAdhyayana vRttitva, (26) tIrthakRd bhAvanA, ( 27 ) gurUsthAnAbhyupagama, (28) gaNopagraha, (29) svagurUsthAnAvApti, ( 3 ) niHsaMgatva - AtmabhAvanA, (31) yoganirvANa saMprApti, (32) yoganirvANa sAdhana, (33) indropapAda, (34) indrAbhiSeka, (35) vidhidAna, (36) sukhodaya, (37) indratyAga, (38) indrAvatAra, (39) hiraNyotkRSTajanmatA, (4) mandirAbhiSeka, (41) gurUpUjana, (42) yauvarAjya, (43) svarAjya, (44) cakralAbha, (45) dizAJjaya, (46) cakrAbhiSeka, (47) sAmrAjya, (48) niSkrAnti, (49) yogasammaha, (5) Arhantya, ( 51 ) vihAra, ( 52 ) yogatyAga, (53) agranirvRti (dra AdipurANa - 38 vAM parva ) / iname 1-16 taka kI kriyAeM garbha meM Ane se lekara vivAha pUrva taka ke jIvana se sambaddha haiM / 17-21 taka kI kriyAeM gRhasthajIvana va vairAgya prAdurbhAva kI sthiti taka ke jIvana se jur3I haiN| 2232 kI kriyAeM sAdhu jIvana tathA bhAvI devagati prApti se pUrva taka kI haiN| 33-37 taka kI kriyAeM svarga-gati tathA usaka tyAga kara (tIrthaMkara rUpa meM) nayA janma lene se pUrva taka kI sthiti se jur3I haiM / 38-39 taka kI kriyAeM tIrthaMkara ke garbhAvataraNa se tathA 4-47 taka kI kriyAeM tIrthaMkara va cakravartI ke sAMsArIka jIvana se jur3I haiM / 48-53 taka kI kriyAeM tIrthaMkara ke abhiniSkramaNa / pravajyA dhAraNa karane se lekara mokSaprApti taka ke jIvana se jur3I haiM / ina 53 kriyAoM se prathama khaNDa 53

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pRthak 'mRtaka saMskAra' ko bhI jaina purANoM meM mAnyatA dI gaI hai, ataH samasta kriyAeM 54 samajhanI caahieN| inameM bhI vyAvahArika dRSTi se prArambha kI 16 kriyAeM, sAdhu jIvana svIkAra karane kI kriyA tathA mRtaka saMskAra- isa prakAra 18 kriyAoM ko pramukhatayA mahattva diyA jA sakatA hai| ina samasta kriyAoM meM jo-jo kriyAeM vaidika saMskAra se samatA rakhatI haiM, unakA saMkSipta nirUpaNa yahAM prAsaMgika va upayogI pratIta hotA hai| (1) garbhAdhAna-sImantonnayana evaM garbhAnvaya kriyA: vaidika paramparA meM prathama saMskAra garbhAdhAna-saMskAra hai| mAnava-vyaktitva ke prathama bIjAropaNa se pUrva, yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| zubha tithi va dina kA vicAra karate hue garbhAdhAna karane vAlA pati isa saMskAra kA pramukha anuSThAtA hotA hai| garbha ke tIsare mAsa meM puMsavana saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| yogya putra kI utpatti hoyaha kAmanA isa saMskAra kI pRSThabhUmi hotI hai| garbha ke cauthe se lekara AThaveM mAsa taka kisI bhI mAsa meM sImAntonnamaya saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| garbha-bhAra ke kRza va klAnta mAtA ko pramudita karanA tathA usake kalyANa kI kAmanA kara isa saMskAra kI pRSThabhUmi hotI hai| jaina paramparA meM inhIM uparyukta saMskAroM se samatA rakhanevAlI 5 kriyAeM haiM (1) AdhAna kriyA- vyAvahArika rUpa se strI-saMsarga se pUrva, devopAsanA Adi kI dhArmika kriyA kI jAtI hai| (2) prItikriyA- garbha se tIsare mAsa, samAroha pUrvaka devopAsanA Adi kI dhArmika kriyA kI jAtI hai| (3) suprIti kriyA-garbha se 5 veM mahIne meM samAroha pUrvaka devopAsanA Adi kI dhArmika kriyA kI jAtI hai| jAti dharma kI sAta 1 64

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(4) dhRti kriyA-garbha se sAtaveM mahIne meM garbha kI sakuzala vRddhi kI kAmanA se devopAsanA Adi ke sAtha dhArmika kriyA kI jAtI hai| (5) moda kriyA-garbha ke 9 veM mahIne, garbha kI puSTi ke lie strI (mAtA) ko maMgalAbhUSaNa Adi se pramudita karane hetu dhArmika kriyA kI jAtI hai| (2) jAtakarma saMskAra va priyodbhava kriyA vaidika paramparA kA jAtakarma tathA jaina paramparA kI priyodbhava kriyA- ye donoM prAyaH samAna haiN| santAna utpanna hone ke anantara jAtakarma saMskAra hotA hai| bacce ko dahI va ghI kA mizraNa caTAyA jAtA hai aura navajAta zizu ke bhAvI sakuzala dIrgha va svastha jIvana kI kAmanA kI jAtI hai| jaina paramparA kI priyodbhava kriyA bhI prAyaH vaisI hI hai| navajAta zizu ko abhISTa deva ke smaraNa ke bAda zubhAzIrvAda denA, garma jala se snAna karAnA, goda meM uThAkara AkAza dikhAnA evaM yathA zakti dAna denA Adi isa kriyA ke aMga haiN| (3) nAmakaraNa saMskAra/ kriyA donoM paramparAoM meM nAma-sAmya vAle ye donoM saMskAra haiM / vaidika paramparA meM nAmakaraNa saMskAra hai, vahI jaina paramparA meM nAmakaraNa kriyA hai| yaha kaba kiyA jAya- isameM vaidika smRtikAra ekamata nahIM hai / kucha ise dasaveM dina, kucha 12 veM dina, kucha 18 veM dina para to kucha eka mAsa para karane kA nirdeza dete haiM / jaina paramparA meM janma se 12 veM dina meM ise karane kA vidhAna hai| prathama bhAra 85

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(4) niSkramaNa-annaprAzana va bahiryAna kriyA vaidika paramparA ke do saMskAra haiM- niSkramaNa saMskAra evaM annaprAzana sNskaar|jnm se bArahaveM dina navajAta zizu ko prasUtikAgRha se bAhara lAyA jAtA hai| chaThe mAsa meM svarNazalAkA se bAlaka ko madhu va ghRta kA prAzana karAyA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM bahiryAna kriyA, niSadyA kriyA yA annaprAzana kriyA-ye kramika vidhAna mAne gaye haiN| bahiryAna kriyA meM santAnajanma ke 2-4 mAsa bAda, zizu ko prasUtigRha se bAhara le jAte haiN| niSadyA kriyA meM santAna ko maMgalakArI Asana para baiThAyA jAtA hai| isameM bAlaka ke lie bhAvI jIvana meM ucca pada para pratiSThita hone kI kAmanA nihita hotI hai| annaprAzana kriyA janma se 7-8 mAsa bAda kI jAtI hai| vaidika paramparA kI taraha hI isameM bAlaka ko anna khilAyA jAtA hai| . (5) cUr3A karma saMskAra va kezavApa kriyA vaidika paramparA meM, bacce ke janma se tIsare varSa meM cUDAkarma saMskAra kA vidhAna hai| anya smRtikAra ke mata meM ise 5 veM , chaThe yA 8 veM varSa meM bhI kara sakate haiN| isameM bacce ke bAla utAre jAte haiN| jaina paramparA kI kezavApa kriyA meM bhI bacce kA muNDana karAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM eka jaisA manAyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra hai| (6) upanayana va lipisaMkhyAna kriyA vaidika paramparA kA upanayana saMskAra janma se 8 veM varSa se lekara bArahaveM varSa taka kiyA jAtA hai| bAlaka ko zikSA hetu guru ke samIpa le jAyA jAtA hai- yahI usakA 'upanayana' hai| ise yajJopavIta saMskAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH isa saMskAra se na dharma mA dizAma ko sArata ,662

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zikSA-prApti ke lie eka anukUla va madhurima vAtAvaraNa kI bhUmikA nirmita hotI hai aura guru-ziSya ke madhya pitA-putravat sambandha kI nIMva rakhI jAtI hai| digambara jaina paramparA meM 'upanIti kriyA' pUrvokta vaidika saMskAra upanayana jaisI hI hai| vaidika paramparA kI taraha, jaina purANoM meM brahmacArI ziSya ke lie yajJopavIta pahanane kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai (dra. AdipurANa-39/94-95, 59-167, harivaMza purANa42/5, pdmpuraann-19/81-82)|is yajJopavIta ko 'ratnatraya' (mokSa-mArga) kA pratIka mAnA jAtA thaa| isa 'upanIti kriyA' se pUrva, lipisaMkhyAna kriyA bhI kI jAtI hai jo akSarArambha kI vidhi kA sUtrapAta prastuta karatI hai| upanIti kriyA ke sAtha 'vratacaryA kriyA' kA bhI jaina paramparA meM vidhAna hai| brahmacArI zikSArthI ko kaThora vrata dhAraNa karane par3ate haiN| vratacaryA kriyA ke mAdhyama se vratasaMyamamaya jIvana svIkAra karane kA dRDha saMkalpa abhivyakta hotA haiN| (7) samAvartana va vratAvataraNa vaidika paramparA ke samAvartana saMskAra ko snAna saMskAra bhI kahA jAtA hai / vedAdhyayana ke bAda brahmacArI snAna karatA thaa| yaha snAna guru ke Adeza para hI kiyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra svAna kiye gaye vyakti ko 'snAtaka' kahA jAtA thaa| snAtakoM kI tIna koTiyAM thIM:- vidyAsnAtaka, vratasnAtaka, vidyAvratasnAtaka / samAvartana kA abhiprAya brahmacarya Azrama kI samApti ke bAda gRhastha Azrama meM preza karanA / lekina naiSThika brahmacArI hote haiM vaha jIvanaparyanta brahmacarya kA pAlana karate haiM aura guru ke samIpa hI rahate haiN| unakA samAvartana saMskAra nahIM hotA, lekina anya brahmacArI samAvartana saMskAra ke sAtha gRhastha jIvana meM praveza karate haiN| prathama khaNDa.87

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jaina paramparA kI vratAvataraNa kriyA bhI vidyAdhyayana kI pUrNatA hone para sampanna hotI hai aura gRhastha banane kA dvAra kholatI hai| vratAvataraNa kriyA ke bAda, brahmacArI vidyArthI guru kI AjJA se vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi ko grahaNa karatA hai aura apanI AjIvikA cunatA hai| (8) vivAha va saMnyAsa vaidika va jaina- donoM paramparAeM vivAha saMskAra ko mAnyatA detI haiN| donoM meM apanI-apanI dhArmika mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa vidhi-vidhAna va kriyAkANDa svIkRta haiN| (9) gRhatyAga va pravrajyA se sambaddha saMskAra vaidika paramparA meM vAnaprastha saMskAra va saMnyAsa saMskAraye do saMskAra vidhiyAM hai jo gRhatyAga va virakti kI pRSThabhUmi para AdhArita haiN| vastutaH inakA saMskAra rUpa meM varNana prApta nahIM hotA, apitu Azrama-vyavasthA ke aMga ke rUpa meM inakA nirdeza milatA hai| vaidika paurANika nirUpaNa ke anusAra, vAnaprastha ke icchuka gRhastha ko jisake putra ke putra ho jAye to vana meM jAkara Azraya lenA caahie| vana meM vaha akelA yA apanI bhAryA ke sAtha rhe| vAnaprasthI ko grISma Rtu meM paMcAgni tapa aura varSA meM gIle vastroM se tapa karanA caahie| vAnaprasthI ko jaTA dhAraNa karanA, nitya agnihotra, bhUmi para zayana, dina meM tIna bAra snAna, brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana, atithiyoM kI pUjA Adi samasta niyamoM kA pAlana karanA caahie| sabhI ke saMga (Asakti) kA parityAga kara denA, brahmacarya vrata kA pUrNa paripAlana, nirabhimAnI hokara bhikSA ke anna ko khAne vAlA, zAnta va AtmajJAnI honA-yahI saMnyAsa Azrama meM dharma hai| saMnyAsI ko samatva bhAva dhAraNa karake nitya dhyAna evaM dhAraNA se jona meM dika dharma kI sAniti etA 6824

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mokSa kA mArga prazasta karanA cAhie / saMnyAsI Asakti se rahita hokara kevala prANarakSA ke lie karma kare / atyanta lAbha aura sammAna se bacA rahe / use kAma, krodha Adi ko tyAga kara nirmama ho jAnA caahie| jaina paramparA meM prazAnti kriyA, gRhatyAga kriyA, dIkSAdRya kriyA, jinarUpatA kriyA Adi kriyAeM vAnaprastha va saMnyAsa Azrama jaisI jIvana-caryA ko aMgIkAra karane se sambaddha hai / jaina purANakAra ke anusAra, ina kriyAoM kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra haiM: (prazAnti kriyAH ) vaha gRhasthAcArya apanI gRhasthI ke bhAra samartha yogya putra ko sauMpa detA hai aura svayaM uttama zAnti kA Azraya letA hai / viSayoM meM Asakta na honA, nitya svAdhyAya karane meM tatpara rahanA tathA nAnA prakAra ke upavAsAdi karate rahanA prazAnti kriyA kahalAtI hai / (gRhatyAga kriyAH) gRhasthAzrama meM svataH ko kRtArtha mAnatA huA, jaba vaha gRhatyAga karane ke lie udyata hotA hai, taba gRhatyAga kriyA kI vidhi kI jAtI hai| isa kriyA meM sarvaprathama siddha bhagavAn kA pUjana kara samasta iSTa janoM ko bulAkara aura unakI punaH sAkSIpUrvaka putra ke lie saba kucha sauMpakara karanA hotA hai / gRhatyAga karate samaya vaha jeSTha putra ko bulAkara kulakramAgata dharma kI paramparA ko nibhAne kA upadeza detA hai aura nirAkula hokara dIkSA grahaNa karane ke lie apanA ghara chor3a detA hai / (dIkSAdya kriyA :) jo gRhatyAgI, samyakdraSTA, prazAnta, gRhasvAmI tathA ekavastradhArI hotA hai, usake dIkSAgrahaNa karane ke pUrva jo AcaraNa kiye jAte haiM, una AcaraNoM yA kriyAoM ke samUha ko dIkSAdya kriyA kahate haiM / niSkarSataH donoM paramparAoM ke uparyukta saMskAra apane meM antarnihita mUla bhAvanAoM kI dRSTi se paryApta sAmya rakhate haiM / prathama khaNDa 89

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(10) antyeSTi saMskAra donoM paramparAeM antyeSTi yA mRtaka saMskAra ko mAnatI haiM / sAmAnyataH donoM meM mRtaka ko agri meM jalAne kA vidhAna mAnya hai / ise aurdhvadehika saMskAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake atirikta, jalapravAha Adi kI ApavAdika ghaTanAoM kA bhI nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai / yaha saMskAra mRtaka ke prati usake sambandhiyoM va parijanoM kI zraddhA evaM unake viziSTa kartavya ko bhI vyakta karatA hai / ArAdhanA va bahumAna ke pAtra : deva-deviyAM vaidika va jaina- ina donoM paramparAoM meM ArAdhanA-upAsanA ke kendra kucha divya vyakti rahe haiN| isI ArAdhanA - upAsanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM deva-tattva kI avadhAraNA kA udbhava va vikAsa tathA deva-parivAra kA vistAra hotA rahA hai| ukta donoM paramparAoM meM apane - apane ArAdhya deva haiM aura apanA-apanA deva - loka va deva-parivAra / yadyapi donoM meM maulika dhAraNAoM para AdhArita viSamatAeM haiM, tathApi kucha sthaloM para ve paraspara nikaTa bhI AI haiM aura unameM sAmya ke bindu bhI sahajatayA DhUMDhe jA sakate haiM / ukta donoM paramparAoM ke sAmya ko rekhAMkita karane se pUrva, donoM paramparAoM kI upAsanA paddhati va devavAda- avadhAraNA kI eka saMkSipta rUpa- rekhA prastuta karanA yahAM prAsaMgika hogaa| 1. vaidika upAsanA paddhati kI pRSThabhUmiH vaidika paramparA meM devavAda ko do chora haiM- 1. ekezvaravAda aura 2. bahudevavAda / ina donoM meM se kaunasI avadhAraNA pUrvavartI hai aura kauna-sI uttaravartI - isa sambandha meM vidvAn ekamata nahIM hai / ho sakatA hai, prArambha meM vividha deva-zaktiyoM kI avadhAraNA huI aura bAda meM una zaktiyoM kI niyAmaka rUpa eka paramezvara kI avadhAraNA jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 90

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AI ho| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki pahale eka Izvara kI avadhAraNA mAnya huI ho, bAda meM usake aMzabhUta yA sahAyaka zaktiyoM ke rUpa meM vividha deva-deviyoM kI avadhAraNA udbhUta huI ho| ukta avadhAraNAoM meM 'avatAravAda' kI avadhAraNA jur3I to devavAda ke naye AyAmoM kA udghATana huaa| vaidika kAla meM prAkRtika padArthoM-sUrya, candra, agni, varuNa, vAyu Adi- meM deva-zaktiyoM kA nivAsa mAnakara unakI anukUlatA hetu prArthanA-upAsanA kI jAtI thii| vaidika mantroM meM ukta tathya spaSTa pratibimbita hotA hai| una zaktiyoM kI eka niyAmaka parama zakti bhI nirdhArita huii| upaniSad kAla taka Ate-Ate eka sarvavyApaka parama tattva 'brahma' kI avadhAraNA pUrNatayA vikasita va pratiSThita ho cukI thii| sRSTiprakriyA ke ghaTaka-virAja, hiraNyagarbha, Izvara-ina tIna devoM, aura paurANika kAla meM brahmA-viSNu-maheza- ina tIna devoM ko mukhyatA prApta huii| svarga-naraka rUpI pAralaukika astitva kI mAnyatA se jur3I svargavAsI devoM kI avadhAraNA prakAza meM aaii|shriir ke andara bhI prANa Adi daivI-zaktiyoM tathA unake adhiSThAtA 'AtmA' deva kI sattA ko bhI svIkArA gyaa| samasta jIvAtmAoM kI samaSTibhUta 'paramAtmA' kI avadhAraNA ko bhI mAnyatA milii| samanvayavAdI dhArA meM brahma va paramAtmA- ina donoM kI ekatA sthApita kara eka samanvita deva-zakti kI avadhAraNA jnmii| upaniSad meM sarvacarAcaravyApI 'parabrahma' rUpa-rasa-gandha sparza rahita va nirguNa tattva ke rUpa meM (draSTavyaH kaThopaniSad- 1/3/15, zvetAzvataropaniSad- 4/2, muNDakopaniSad 1/1/6, 2/17, 2/2/11, mAMDUkyopaniSad- 7 Adi) vyAkhyAyita huA hai| samasta jIvoM ke zarIra meM sthita 'sarvabhUtAntarAtmA' rupI eka samaSTi caitanya kA bhI nirUpaNa upaniSad meM prApta hotA hai| (ktthopnissd-2/2/9-13)|

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vahAM 'AtmA' va 'brahma' kI ekatA kA bhI pratipAdana dRSTigocara hotA hai (dra. mAMDUkyopaniSad 6/1-2) | agni, varuNa, indra Adi samasta Adhidaivika zaktiyAM usI paramatattva ke adhIna yA usI ke vividha svarUpa haiM- yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai (dra. maitrAyaNI upaniSad 5/1, bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad. 5/15, zvetAzvataropaniSad 4/13,15, 6/7,11 aadi)| (2.) vaidika paramparA meM bhakti va avatAravAda bhakta hRdaya ne nirguNa paramAtma-tattva ko sAkAra va saguNa rUpa pradAna kiyaa| bhAgavata purANa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki yadyapi paramAtmA niSkala, ajanmA, avikArI, akartA va nirguNa hai (dra. bhAgavata-3/27/1,1/9/44,1/8/3,kopaniSad 1/3/15),tathApi bhaktoM kI bhAvanAoM ke anurUpa vaha vividha rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai (dra. bhAgavata- 3/28/29, 3/29/11) / isI vaicArika pRSThabhUmi meM vaidika 'avatAravAda' adhikAdhika paripuSTa hotA gayA aura vividha avatAroM kA nirUpaNa vaidika purANoM meM kiyA gyaa| Izvara ke avatAroM ko bhakta janoM ne upAsya va ArAdhya koTi meM rkhaa| sAtha hI, unake pArivArika sadasyoM tathA avatAroM ke sahayogI bhakta janoM ko bhI deva rUpa meM pratiSThA milii| phalasvarUpa, vaidika deva-parivAra meM brahmA, viSNu, ziva, lakSmI, gaNeza, kArtikeya, sItA, hanumAn Adi-Adi aneka deva samAhita hue| laukika vyavahAra meM AdaraNIya 'brAhmaNa' ko 'bhUdeva' kahA gyaa| sAMskRtika purodhAoM ne mAtA, pitA, AcArya ko 'deva' mAnakara unake prati bahumAna dene kA bhI nirdeza diyA (mAtRdevo bhava, AcAryadevo bhava, taittirIya upaniSad 1/11/2) / mana ERARY ! -

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(3) jaina upAsanA/ArAdhanA kI pRSThabhUmi jaina paramparA meM zraddhA va AsthA ke pramukha kendra arhanta deva va tIrthaMkara rahe haiN| dharma-jagat meM ve paramezvara va paramAtmA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahe haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ne dharmopadeza diyA ki sAMsArika duHkha va sukha ke kAraNa vyakti ke bure yA acche karma hote haiN| una karmoM ke cakra ko tor3akara, sAMsArika AvAgamana se mukta hote hue paramAnandamayI mukti prApta ho sakatI hai| mukti kA mArga hai- sajjJAnasamanvita saMyama va tp| isa mArga kA anusaraNa kara, koI bhI jIva kramazaH AdhyAtmika unnati karatA huA paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| unake uparyukta upadeza kI pRSThabhUmi meM uttaravAda kI avadhAraNA puSTa huii| jaina paramparA meM samatA kA vItarAgatA kA anuSThAna 'dharma' hai aura ukta dharma kA sAdhya hai- pUrNa vItarAgatA yA samatA jo paramAtma-sthiti kA paryAya hotI hai| isI paramAtma-svarUpatA ko prApta hone vAlI AtmAeM hI jaina paramparA meM ArAdhya va upAsya mAnI gaIM haiN| prasiddha jainAcArya hemacandra kA spaSTa udghoSa haina vItarAgAt paramasti daivtm| (ayogavyavacchedikA-28) arthAt 'vItarAga' ke sivA koI anya deva (mAnya) nahIM hai| kintu yaha ArAdhanA-upAsanA vyakti-pUjA nahIM, guNapUjA ke rUpa meM hI svIkArya hai| isI dRSTi se 'tattvArtha sUtra' grantha ke maMgalAcaraNa meM kahA gayA-vande tadguNa-labdhaye, arthAt paramAtmA ko hama isalie vandanA karate haiM tAki unake guNoM va svarUpa ko hama prApta kreN| arhanta deva va tIrthaMkara deva vItarAgatA kI sAkAra mUrti hote haiM, ataH jaina paramparA inheM pramukha rUpa se ArAdhya va upAsya mAnatI hai| arhanta deva hI Izvara, paramezvara yA paramAtmA Adi vizeSaNoM se alaMkRta hote haiN| inakI upAsanA-ArAdhanA 'vItarAgatA' guNa kI FHIH93

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hI ArAdhanA hai / ArAdhaka isa ArAdhanA se apane ArAdhya 'paramAtmA' ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karane kI dizA meM satata agrasara hotA hai / paramalakSya 'pUrNa vItarAgatA' kI prApti hetu AdhyAtmika unnati ke mArga para agrasara hone vAlI AtmAeM sAmAnya sAdhaka ke lie prakAzastambha va anukaraNIya Adarza hotI haiM, isalie unheM bhI zraddhAspada va pUjya mAnA gayA aura vItarAgatA ke pathika AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu Adi bhI parameSThiyoM ke rUpa meM ArAdhya va upAsya mAnA gayA / uparyukta mAnyatA kA hama anuzIlana kareM to ekezvaravAda va bahudevavAda - donoM ko samAhita huA dekhate haiM / ekamAtra vItarAga Atma-tattva kI dRSTi se ekezvara ko mAnyatA dI gaI hai to Atmabahutva evaM paMca parameSThiyoM va unakI vaiyaktika bhinnatA kI dRSTi se bahudevavAda ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai| kAlakrama se, saMbhavataH vaidika bhakti-mArga ke prabhAva-vaza jaina dharma va zAsana ke upakArI va sahAyaka hone vAle tIrthaMkara-bhakta svargastha devoM / deviyoM ko bahumAna diyA jAne lagA aura usakI abhivyakti una devoM-deviyoM kI pUjA Adi ke rUpa meM kI jAne lagI / phalasvarUpa, zAsana- devoM ke rUpa meM yakSoM, zAsana-deviyoM ke rUpa meM yakSiNiyoM evaM kaI anya deva - deviyoM kI arcA-pUjA ke pracura udAharaNa vartamAna meM pratyakSa haiM aura prAcIna sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| ukta devoM/deviyoM kI aneka prAcIna mUrtiyAM bhI purAtattva bhaNDAra zrIvRddhi kara rahI haiM / manISI jJAniyoM dvArA ukta bhaktipUrNa pravRtti para praznacinha uThAyA jAtA rahA hai| unake anusAra, ukta devoM deviyoM ko bahumAna denA to vivAdAspada nahIM hai, kintu unakI ArAdhanApUjA-upAsanA karanA jaina mUla vicAradhArA se mela khAtA pratIta nahIM hotA / prAyaH anusandhAtA va tattvajJa vidvAn ukta pravRtti ko itara saMskRti kA prabhAva yA ajJAnajanya kriyA mAnate haiM / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA/ 94

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(4.) bhAratIya saMskRti kA utsaH AtmopAsanA vaidika paramparA ke upaniSatsAhitya meM AdhyAtmika vaicArika krAnti ke svara mukharita hue dRSTigocara hote haiN| vahAM jJAna-mArgI vicAradhArA kA pravAha dikhAI par3atA hai| duHkhoM se vimukti prApta karane ke lie sabhI jIvoM ke zarIra meM sthita paramadeva-AtmA ke svarUpa ko jAnanA vahAM atyAvazyaka mAnA gayA hai / (dra. zvetAzvataropaniSad 6/ 13,2) / ukta parama vizuddha Atma-tattva ko apanI AtmA meM sAkSAtkAra karanA zAzvata-sukhamaya paramAtma-svarUpa kI prApti kA sAdhana hai (kaThopaniSad-2/5/12, muMDakopaniSad- 3/1/3) / (AtmA hI upAsya:-) uparyukta vaicArika pRSThabhUmi meM upaniSatkAra usI ekamAtra paramAtma-tattva kI upAsanA karane kA nirdeza dete haiN| (dra. chAndogya upaniSad8/12/6 bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 1/4/7-8,4/4/12-16, muMDakopaniSad 3/2/1-9, 3/1/5) / ___ jaina vicAradhArA bhI uparyukta vicAradhArA se pUrNa sahamati vyakta karatI hai| akhaNDa-advaita-nirvikAra citsvarUpa paramAtma-tattva se ekAtmatA/tAdAtmya kI anubhUti svayaM meM karane aura usI tattva kI upAsanA karane ke nirdeza jaina zAstroM meM pracuratayA prApta hote haiN| (dra. pUjyapAda-kRta samAdhizataka-3-33, 35) upaniSada kI bhI ghoSaNA hai- AtmA hI sAkSAtkArayogya, zravaNayogya va mananayogya hai :(bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 4/5/6 : AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH) / bhAgavata purANa meM vividha rUpoM meM avatarita hone vAle bhagavAn viSNu ko 'sarvAtmA' vizeSaNa se abhihita kiyA gayA hai aura ekamAtra usa sarvAtmatattva kA zravaNa, kIrtana, smaraNa karanA apekSita batAyA gayA hai: tasmAd bhArata sarvAtmA bhagavAnIzvaro hriH| zrotavyaH kIrtitavyazca smartavyazcecchatA'bhayam // (bhAgavata purANa- 2/1/5) prathama 95

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niSkarSataH avatAroM kI ArAdhanA-upAsanA prakArAntara se (samaSTi) Atma-upAsanA hI hai| isI bhAva ko jainAcArya kundakunda ne isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai: evaM hi jIvarAyA NAdavyo taha ya sddhedvyo| aNucaridavyo ya puNo so ceva du mokkhkaamenn|| / (samayasAra-18) -arthAt mokSArthI ke lie (paramazuddha) AtmA hI jJAtavya hai, zraddhAnayogya hai aura vahI anuSTheya- AcaraNayogya hai| jinavANI bhI spaSTa udghoSa karatI hai saMpikkhae appgmppennN| (dazavaikAlika sU. cUlikA- 2/12) arthAt svayaM apanI AtmA dvArA Atmatattva kA saMprekSaNanirIkSaNa kareM, sAkSAtkAra kreN| (suddhAtma tattva ke pratIka : pAMca parameSThI:-) jaina paramparA meM arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya va sAdhu-ye pAMca parameSThI deva (arthAt parama-utkRSTa pada/sthiti ko prApta hone vAlI AtmAeM) mAne jAte haiN| inheM navakAra mahAmantra meM namaskAra-vandanA kI gaI hai (dra. Avazyakaniyukti gAthA-18, bhagavatI sUtra 1/1/1) / vastutaH ye pAMca AtmAeM ArAdhanA-upAsanA kI pUrNa arhatA rakhatI haiN| ina pAMcoM meM bhI, sarvAdhika pUjya -ArAdhanIya arhanta deva haiN| 'arhanta' nAma kI nirukti se bhI unakI ArAdhyatA rekhAMkita hotI hai (dra. Avazyaka-niyukti 922, mUlAcAra- 55, 564) / isI taraha, siddha AtmA kA- jo arhanta avasthA se bhI utkRSTasthiti meM hotI hai- pUjya, ArAdhya honA svataHsaMgata hai|aatmik vizuddhi (vItarAgatA) kI dRSTi se AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhuye tIna AtmAeM bhI ucca sthiti ko prApta hotI haiM, ataH ina tInoM ko bhI vandanIya-namarakaraNIya mAnA jAtA hai| jAnadharma dina ma saki II 36

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jaina paramparA meM pUjya devoM kI koTi meM ukta pAMca parameSThI devoM kI hI gaNanA hotI hai / svargavAsI deva va unake indra Adi 'deva' zabda se abhihita to hote haiM, kintu ve saMsArI AtmAeM hI haiM jo saMyama-sAdhanA se dUra hotI haiM, ataH pUjyatA kI koTi meM nahIM aate| tIrthaMkara arhanta deva ke samakSa svargIya deva, yahAM taka ki unake indra bhI natamastaka rahate haiM aura unakI sthiti sevaka, zraddhAlu se adhika UMcI nahIM hotii| uparyukta samagra nirUpaNa kA sArAMza yaha hai ki vaidika va jaina-donoM paramparAeM vizuddha Atma-tattva kI ArAdhanA-upAsanA meM ekamata haiN| (5) jJAnadevI sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA bhAratIya saMskRti meM jJAna-vijJAna kI adhiSThAtrI devI 'sarasvatI' ko viziSTa zraddhAspada sthAna prApta hai aura isakI ArAdhanA bhakti-bhAvanApUrvaka kI jAtI hai| __vaidika paramparA meM sarasvatI ko brahmA kI putrI mAnA gayA hai (bhAgavata- 3/12/26, 28) jaina paramparA meM bhI AdiprajApati RSabhadeva kI putrI brAhmI va sundarI ko sarasvatI-tulya jJAna-vijJAna kI pravartikA mAnA jAtA hai (AdipurANa- 16/14/355 aadi)|vaidik paramparA kI zakti-upAsanA paddhati meM paramazakti ke 3 rUpa mAne jAte haiN| ve haiM(1) mahAkAlI, (2) mahAlakSmI, (3) mhaasrsvtii| mahAkAlI ko zArIrika zakti kI, mahAlakSmI ko bhautika vaibhava kI tathA mahAsarasvatI ko bauddhika pratibhA va samasta vidyAoM kI adhiSThAtrI mAnA jAtA hai| ina tInoM meM sarasvatI kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| sarasvatI devI ko zAstroM meM Adizakti, kamalAsanA, haMsavAhinI, vINA-pustakadhAriNI, zuklavarNA Adi vizeSaNoM ke mAdhyama se varNita kiyA gayA hai jinase usake sAttvika, madhyastha, vivecaka, vItarAga va udAtta svarUpa kA nidarzana hotA hai| prathama 197

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. bhAgavata purANa (6/16/56) ke anusAra jJAna aura brahma eka hI haiN| isa dRSTi se 'jJAna' kI ArAdhanA 'brahma' yA paramAtmA kI hI ArAdhanA hai| yaha ArAdhanA vyakti ko jJAna aura vividha vidyAoM kI prApti karAtI hai| jaina paramparA meM Atma-upAsanA to mAnya hai hI, jJAnopAsanA bhI usI meM antarnihita mAnI jAtI hai, kyoMki AtmA jJAnamaya hai| 'jJAna' AtmA kA zAzvata-svabhAvabhUta dharma hai| jJAna aura AtmAdonoM abhinna haiM (prvcnsaar-1/23-24)|is dRSTi se jJAna kI ArAdhanA AtmopAsanA hI hai| isa vaicArika pRSThabhUmi meM sarasvatI-upAsanA kA jaina paramparA meM pratiSThita honA asaMgata nahIM tthhrtaa| jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko brahmA-sraSTA-prajApati kA rUpa mAnA jAtA hai| unakI do putriyoM- brAhmI va sundarI ko lekhana-kalA, gaNita-vidyA evaM vividha vidyAoM kI pravartikA hone kA zreya prApta hai (dra. Avazyaka niyukti- 212-21 3, triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita-1/2/963, AdipurANa-16/ 14/355) / unake ukta mahAn sAMskRtika avadAna ko dRSTigata rakha kara kRtajJa samAja ne unheM bahumAna diyA- jo svAbhAvika hI thaa| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki isI bhakti-bhAvanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM sarasvatI devI kI avadhAraNA ne mUrta rUpa liyA ho| isa dRSTi se amarakoSa meM sarasvatI kA brAhmI nAma ullekhanIya hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki tIrthaMkara-sarvajJa kI vANI ko, usake lokakalyANakArI svarUpa ko dRSTigata rakhakara, zrutadevI' ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA ho, aura vaidika paramparA ke sAtha samanvaya kI pravRtti ne use 'sarasvatI' kA rUpa grahaNa karAyA ho| deza bhaktiyoM ke racanAkAra AcArya pUjyapAda ne tIrthaMkara-bhakti ke sAtha zruta-bhakti kI bhI racanA kara jJAna devI kI ArAdhanA hI kI hai| jaina dharma ekAdika dharma kI pAkatika ekA 98

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jaina-zAstroM ke anusAra devI sarasvatI ke cAra hAtha hote haiN| dAyIM ora kA eka hAtha abhayamudrA meM uThA rahatA hai, aura dUsare meM kamala hotA hai| bAyIM ora ke do hAthoM meM kramazaH pustaka aura akSamAlA rahatI hai| devI kA vAhana haMsa hai| devI kA varNa zveta hotA hai| devI ke tIna netra hote haiM, aura usakI jaTAoM meM bAlendu zobhA pAtA hai (dra. srsvtiiklp)| sarasvatI kI prAcInatama mUrti (132 I.) jaina paramparA kI hai aura mathurA (saMgRhIta-rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 24) se milI hai| dvibhuja devI kI vAma bhujA meM pustaka hai aura abhayamudrA pradarzita karatI dakSiNa bhujA meM akSamAlA hai| sarasvatI kI stuti meM aneka jaina AcAryoM aura paMDitoM ne kalpa, stotra aura stavana race haiN| malliSeNa-kRta bhAratIkalpa, bappabhaTTi kA sarasvatIkalpa, sAdhvI zivAyA kA paThitasiddhasArasvatastava, jinaprabhasUri kA zAradAstavana aura vijayakIrti ke ziSya malayakIrti kA sarasvatIkalpa prasiddha racanAoM meM se haiN| (6) solaha vidyAdeviyAM 'sarasvatI' ke atirikta, solaha vidyA-deviyoM kI mAnyatA bhI jaina paramparA meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM vidyAdeviyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karate hue unheM vAk, brAhmI, bhAratI, gau, gIr, vANI, bhASA, sarasvatI, zrutadevI, vacana, vyAhAra, bhASita aura vacas bhI kahA gayA hai| sambhavataH jainoM kI vidyAdeviyAM vastutaH apane nAma ke anusAra vANI kI vibhinna prakRtiyoM ke kalpita mUrta rUpa hoN| vidyAdeviyoM kA svarUpa batAte samaya prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM unheM jJAna se saMyukta kahA gayA hai| prathama , 99

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vidyAdeviyAM solaha mAnI gayI haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra batAe gae haiM: 1. rohiNI, 2. prajJapti, 3. vajrazrRMkhalA, 4. vajrAMkuzA, 5. jAmbUnadA, 6. purUSadattA, 7. kAlI, 8. mahAkAlI, 9. gaurI, 1. gAMdhArI, 11.jvAlAmAlinI, 12. mAnavI, 13. vairoTI, 14. acyutA, 15. mAnasI aura 16. mhaamaansii| paramparA-bheda se pAMcavIM vidyAdevI ko apraticakrA yA cakrezvarI nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM cakrezvarI nAma se aura padmAnanda mahAkAvya meM apraticakrA nAma se usakA ullekha milatA hai| AThavIM vidyAdevI kA nAma hemacandra ne 'mahAparA' batAyA hai, paramparA-bheda se anya grantha use mahAkAlI kahate haiN| jvAlAmAlinI kA ullekha kucha granthoM meM 'jvAlA' nAma se milatA hai| unhIM granthoM meM vairATI ko vairoTyA aura acyutA ko acchuptA kahA gayA hai| vidyAdeviyoM kI sUcI kA zAsana-devatAoM kI sUcI se milAna karane para vidita hotA haiM ki ina deviyoM meM se prAyaH sabhI ko zAsana yakSiyoM kI sUcI meM sthAna prApta hai yadyapi zAsana-yakSI ke rUpa meM inake Ayudha, vAhana Adi bhinna prakAra ke batAe gaye haiN| (7) bahumAna ke pAtraH deva-deviyAM kRtajJatA va pratyupakAra-bhAvanA, kalyANakArI ke prati bahumAna va AsthA kA pradarzana- ye bhAratIya sAMskRtika kSetra meM sarvatra mukharita rahe haiN| jana-jIvana meM jo bhI padArtha yA vyakti sArvajanika dRSTi se upayogI haiM, kalyANakArI haiM, unake prati bahumAna evaM bhakti-bhAvanA kA pradarzana karanA pratyeka bhAratIya kA sahaja svabhAva rahA hai| ukta pravRtti ne aneka devI-devatAoM ko ArAdhya koTi meM lA diyA hai| vaidika kAla meM agni, vAyu, varUNa, sUrya, candra bana dika dharma kI sAmati 11/1000

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Adi anekAneka deva ArAdhya the- usameM ukta bahumAna-pradarzana kI bhAvanA hI kAraNa thii| viziSTa vRkSoM, nadiyoM, parvatoM Adi ke atirikta, gau Adi kI pUjA bhI kI jAtI rahI hai| ___ sAmAjika dRSTi se upayogI evaM bauddhika pratibhA ke dhanI brAhmaNoM ko 'bhUdeva' ke rUpa meM pUjya mAnA gayA / pArivArika dRSTi se mAtA-pitA Adi ko devavat pUjya mAnA jAtA rahA hai| pratyeka bhAratIya gRhAgata atithi kA devavat pUjya mAna kara yathocita satkAra karatA hai| atithi ke Ane ko vaha usakA upakAra mAnatA hai kyoMki usake Ane se hI use dAna dharma ke anuSThAna kA puNya-avasara sahajatayA prApta hotA hai| - jyotiSa-vidyA ke anusAra, hamAre jIvana para acchA yA burA prabhAva DAlane vAle nava grahoM Adi kI pUjA-ArAdhanA bhI samAja meM pracalita rahI hai| vaidika paramparA meM mRta zraddhAspada vyaktiyoM kI bhI pitRdeva ke rUpa meM pravartamAna pUjA Adi kI pravRtti bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki bahumAna pradarzana kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa, ArAdhya-pUjyoM kI saMkhyA lagAtAra baDhatI gaI hai| (zAsana-deva va deviyAM): jaina paramparA bhI ukta pravRtti se achUtI nahIM rahI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM aneka yakSoM va yakSiNiyoM ko devakoTi meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai aura unake prati bahumAna va bhakti-bhAva pradarzita karane kI paramparA bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| ukta yakSa va yakSiNiyAM vyantara deva (nimna koTi ke deva) hote haiM jo dharma va zAsana kI satata unnati karane hetu udyata rahate haiM- isalie ina devoM ko zAsana-deva va zAsana-deviyAM kahA jAtA hai| ye yakSa va yakSiNiyAM tIrthaMkara ke bhakta va sevaka hote haiN| isa avasarpiNI kAla meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara kA eka praya5101

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eka yakSa aura eka-eka yakSiNI hote haiM, isa prakAra unakI kula saMkhyA 24-24 hotI hai| inake nAmoM ke sambandha meM kahIM-kahIM vaimatya bhI parilakSita hotA hai| A. hemacandra-kRta abhidhAnacintAmaNi ke anusAra, inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai:tIrthaMkara zAsana-deva/yakSa zAsana-devI/yakSiNiyAM 1. RSabhadeva gomukha cakrezvarI 2. ajitanAtha mahAyakSa ajitabalA 3.sambhavanAtha trimukha duritAri 4. abhinandananAtha caturAnana kAlikA 5. sumatinAtha tumbaru mahAkAlI 6. padmaprabha. kusuma zyAmA 7.supArzvanAtha mAtaMga zAntA 8. candraprabha vijaya bhRkuTi 9. suvidhinAtha jaya sutArakA 1. zItalanAtha brahmA azokA 11.zreyAMsanAtha kiMnareza mAnavI 12. vAsupUjya kumAra caNDA 13. vimalanAtha SaNmukha viditA 14. anantanAtha pAtAla aMkuza 15.dharmanAtha kiMnara kandarpA 16. zAntinAtha garur3a nirvANI 17.kunthunAtha gandharva balA 18.aranAtha yakSeza dhAriNI 19. mallinAtha kubera dharaNapriyA 2. muni suvrata varuNa naradattA jaina dharma ki dharma kI sApfit al. 102

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bhRkuTi 21. naminAtha gAndhArI 22. ariSTanemi (neminAtha) gomedha ambikA 23. pArzvanAtha pArzva (dharaNendra) padmAvatI (bhairavI) 24. mahAvIra mAtaMga siddhAyikA uparyukta yakSoM va yakSiNiyoM ke svarUpAdi kA vivaraNa bhI jaina sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai| inameM vaidika paramparA ke devoM va deviyoM ke svarUpAdi se sAmya bhI kahIM-kahIM parilakSita hotA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne isa sAmya kA kAraNa vaidika paramparA kA prabhAva batAyA hai| prAcIna jaina sAhitya ke anuzIlana se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki ina yakSoM ke mandira hote the aura jana-sAmAnya inakI pUjA-bhakti bhI karatA thaa| uparyukta devoM ke atirikta (indrANI, vaiSNavI, kaumArI, vArAhI, brahmANI, mahAlakSmI, cAmuNDI va bhavAnI- ye) ATha mAtRkAeM, daza dikpAla evaM navagraha bhI jaina sAhitya meM pUrjA-arcA ke pAtroM ke rUpa meM varNita kiye gaye haiN| (8) Izvara-sevita vRkSa aura caityavRkSa vaidika va jaina- donoM paramparAoM meM kucha viziSTa vRkSoM ko paramezvara yA devoM se sevita batA kara unheM mahanIyatA dI gaI hai| vaidika paramparA meM isa samasta saMsAra ko eka aise mahAn vRkSa ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai jisakI eka zAkhA para Izvara rUpI pakSI hai to dUsarI zAkhA para jIva rUpI pkssii| inameM Izvara saMsAra-vRkSa ke phaloM (karma-phaloM) ko nahIM cakhatA aura jIva unakA upabhoga karatA hai (draSTavyaH Rgved-1/164/2)| ___ yahI mAnyatA upaniSadoM va purANoM meM bhI puSpita-phalita huI hai (dra.zvetAzvatara upaniSad 4/6-7) gItA meM (1 5/1-3) meM bhI isa karmAtmaka prathama khaNDa,103

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saMsAra ko eka avinAzI azvattha vRkSa ke rUpa meM nirUpita karate hue veda ko isake patte batAyA gayA hai| [sambhavataH isa nirUpaNa kI pRSThabhUmi meM laukika azvattha-pIpala ke vRkSa ko sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai (dra. gItA- 1/26) / ] bhAgavata purANa (1/2/27) meM bhI isa prakRti ko eka sanAtana vRkSa ke rUpa meM nirUpita karate hue isa para jIva va Izvara-ina do pakSiyoM ke baiThe rahane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ekAyano'sau dviphalastrimUlaH, catUrasaH paMcavidhaH ssddaatmaa| saptatvagaSTaviTapo navAkSo dazacchadI dvikhago hyaadivRkssH|| eka prasiddha stuti meM bAlaka kRSNa ko vaTa vRkSa ke patte para leTe hue batAyA gayA hai- 'baTasya patrasya puTe zayAnaM bAlaM mukundaM manasA smarAmi' / bhAgavata purANa (3/9/16) meM paramAtmA ko hI vizva-vRkSa ke rUpa meM citrita karate hue brahmA-viSNu ziva Adi ko ukta vRkSa kI pradhAna zAkhA- prazAkhAeM batAyA gayA hai| samagra vivecana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki vaidika paramparA meM vRkSa ko Izvara ke sAtha kisI na kisI rUpa meM jor3A jAtA rahA hai| ____ jaina paramparA meM uparyukta bhAvanA/mAnyatA ke samAnAntara, vRkSoM ko svargIya devoM se tathA paramezvara tIrthaMkaroM se jor3ane kI mAnyatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| jaina mAnyatA yaha hai ki pratyeka tIrthaMkara ne kisI na kisI vRkSa ke nIce baiTha kara, tapasyA karate hue paramAtmarUpatA (kevalajJAna) prApta kI hai| ina vRkSoM ko azokavRkSa bhI kahA jAtA hai kyoMki inakI zaraNa meM Ane vAloM kA zoka dUra ho jAtA hai (dra. tiloyapaNNatti- 4/91 5-918) / jaina Agama samavAyAMga (646 sUtra) meM ina vRkSoM ko 'surAsuramahita'-devoM Adi se pUjita batAyA gayA hai| pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke caityavRkSoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM (dra. samavAyAMga- 646, kintu tiloyapaNNatti-4/91 5-18 meM nAma-bheda se inakA nirdeza hai): jaina dhama dila dhamanI sAHiI 104

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jJAna-vRkSa nyagrodha (vaTa) saptaparNa zAla priyAla priyaMgu chatrAha zirIsa nAga zAlI plakSa tiMduka tIrthaMkara 1. RSabhadeva 2. ajitanAtha 3.saMbhavanAtha 4. abhinandananAtha 5.sumatinAtha 6. padmaprabhanAtha 7.supArzvanAtha 8.candraprabha 9.suvidhinAtha 1. zItalanAtha 11. zreyAMsanAtha 12. vAsupUjya 13.vimalanAtha 14.anantanAtha 15. dharmanAtha 16. zAntinAtha 17.kunthunAtha 18.aranAtha 19. mallInAtha 2. munisuvrata 21. naminAtha 22. neminAtha 23. pArzvanAtha 24. mahAvIra pATala jambU azvattha (pIpala) dadhiparNa nandI tilaka Amra azoka caMpaka bakula vetasa dhAtakI zAlaM ma 15105

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isI nirUpaNa-krama meM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki jaina zAstroM ke anusAra, isa manuSya-loka meM dasa aise mahAvRkSa haiM jina para devoM kA bhI nivAsa hai (draSTavyaH sthAnAMga- 1/139) / ve haiM- jambU, dhAtakI, mahAdhAtakI, padma, mahAdma aura 5 kUTazAlmalI vRkSa / isI taraha, bhavanavAsI devoM evaM vyantara devoM ke bhI apaneapane pRthak-pRthak caityavRkSa mAne gae haiM: jaina sUtroM (draSTavyaH sthAnAMga- 1/82) meM bhavanavAsI devoM ke nimnalikhita dasa caitya-vRkSa batalAe gae haiN| asurakumAra azvattha nAgakumAra saptaparNa-sAta pattoM vAlA palAza suparNakumAra zAlmalI-semala vidyutkumAra udumbara agnikumAra zirIsa dIpakumAra dadhiparNa udadhikumAra vaMjula azoka dizAkumAra palAza (tIna pattoM vAlA palAza) vAyukumAra stanitakumAra karNikAra (kaNera) isI prakAra (sthAnAMga- 8/117 meM) vyantara devoM ke bhI ATha caitya-vRkSa batalAe gae haiMpizAca kadamba bhUta tulasI baragada rAkSasa khaTvAMga kinnara azoka kiMpuruSa caMpaka vapra yakSa na ma Uddhati pfilas 1,1063

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nAga yA mahoraga gandharva nAga tinduka (9) zalAkApuruSa aura rAmakRSNa avatAra vaidika va jaina- ina donoM paramparAoM meM kucha viziSTa mahApuruSa yA avatAra-puruSa mAne gae haiM jinakA bhArata ke sAMskRtika vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| ina viziSTa vyaktiyoM ko vaidika paramparA 'avatAra' kaha kara vijJApita karatI hai| jaina paramparA meM inheM 'zalAkApuruSa' kahA gayA hai| zalAkApuruSa se tAtparya una mahApuruSoM se hai jinake gauravapUrNa kAryoM ke kAraNa jinakI gaNanA yA jinakA ullekha itihAsa ke pannoM para avazya apekSita ho| _ jaina zAstroM meM zalAkApuruSoM kI saMkhyA 54, 63 yA 123 va 169 taka mAnI gaI hai| sAmAnyataH inakI 63 saMkhyA atiprasiddha hai (dra. tiloyapaNNatti-4/51-511, 4/1473)|iskaa vivaraNa isa prakAra hai- 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva (nArAyaNa), aura 9 prativAsudeva (prtinaaraaynn)| vaidika avatAroM kA kArya dharma-sthApanA, adharma-nAza, dhArmika-sAmAjika-sAMskRtika avyavasthA ko dUra kara maryAdA va vyavasthA ko sthApita karanA, digbhrAnta mAnavatA ko kalyANakArI mArga dikhAnA Adi hotA hai / jaina zalAkA-puruSoM kA kArya bhI vaisA hI hotA hai| sabhI jaina tIrthaMkara dhArmika va sAttvika sRSTi kA sUtrapAta karate haiN| adharma ke mUlakAraNa 'ajJAna' ko dUra kara ve 'dharma' kA pracAra-prasAra karate haiN| sabhI cakravartI eka vyApaka prazAsanika vyavasthA ko mUrta rUpa dete haiN| vaiyaktika rUpa se vividhatA, svacchandatA va niraMkuzatA vAlI vibhinna zAsana-praNAliyoM ko ekasUtra meM bAMdhakara eka svaccha, dharmaniSTha, saMgaThita, akhaNDa, ekachatra kendrIya zAsana

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praNAlI sthApita karanA- unakA dAyitva hotA hai| eka paramazaktizAlI prazAsanika vyavasthA ke abhAva meM anAcAra-durAcAra ke panapane kI adhika saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| choTe-choTe rAjya paraspara yuddha meM saMlipta rahate haiM aura apanI-parAI bhAvanA rakhakara dUsare ke rAjya meM azAnti va lUTamAra yA vidhvaMsa phailAne ke lie udyata rahate haiN| cakravartI ke eka akhaNDa rAjya meM aisI koI avyavasthA nahIM pnptii| ____ isI taraha, baladeva va vAsudeva (nArAyaNa) apane samaya kI sAmAjika, dhArmika va sAMskRtika gatividhiyoM meM sammilita hokara sAmAnya janatA kI pIr3A ko samajhate haiM aura use dUra karate haiN| AsurI zaktiyoM ke pratIka aura adharmAcaraNa ke karNadhAra kucha zaktiyAM unake virodha meM khar3I hotI haiM, jinheM baladeva va vAsudeva nirmUla karate haiN| ___ cakravartI asAmAnya bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kA svAmI hotA hai aura sAmAnya janatA se usakA ghaniSTha samparka nahIM raha paataa| isake viparIta, baladeva va vAsudeva zaktisampanna, vaibhavasampanna hote hue bhI sAmAjika rUpa se janatA se adhika jur3e hue hote haiN| unakI dharmaniSTha vaiyaktika chavi kA jana-jana para sIdhA prabhAva par3atA hai| inakI tatkAlIna dhArmika-sAMskRtika jagat meM gaharI paiTha hotI hai, ataH ye dhArmika-sAMskRtika unnayana meM adhika prabhAvaka DhaMga se apanA yogadAna dete haiN| ve AsurI yA pratirodhAtmaka zakti ke pratinidhi prativAsudeva (pratinArAyaNa) ko parAjita karate haiN| prativAsudeva kA astitva eka prakAra se baladeva va vAsudeva kI garimA ko bar3hAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| jaise, andhakAra na ho to prakAza kA mahattva samajha meM nahIM AtA, prakAza ke 'prakAza' hone meM andhakAra kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hotA hai, usI taraha sAMskRtika va dhArmika unnayana meM prativAsudeva ke bhI yogadAna ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| unakA jIvana sAmAnya janatA ke lie eka nidarzana # HAM H AN| FAH 108

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banatA hai aura isa tathya ko hRdayaMgama karAtA hai ki adharma va durAcAra kA kabhI supariNAma nahIM hotaa| ataH zalAkApuruSoM meM unakA parigaNana nyAyasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| (mahanIya rAma-kRSNa avatAra-) vaidika avatAroM meM sarvazreSTha do aise avatAra haiM jinhoMne bhAratIya saMskRti ko atyadhika prabhAvita kiyA hai| ye do avatAra haiM- zrIrAma aura zrIkRSNa / maryAdApuruSottama rUpa meM zrIrAma janajana kI mahAn AsthA va zraddhA ke kendra rahe haiM to Izvara ke SoDazakalApUrNa pUrNAvatAra ke rUpa meM zrIkRSNa kA bhI avismaraNIya mahattva hai| gItA ke mAdhyama se karmayoga ke upadeSTA banakara ve sAMsArika karmakSetra meM yugoM-yugoM kA zraddhAbhAjana rheNge| ina donoM ne sAMskRtika AkAza meM sUrya va candra kI taraha apanA prakAza phailAyA hai| pratyeka bhAratIya kI ina donoM mahApurUSoM/ avatAroM para itanI aDiga AsthA va zraddhA hai jo kabhI-vicalita nahIM ho sktii| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina donoM kI pAvana jIvanI ko kendrita kara pracura sAhitya kA nirmANa hotA rahA hai| ina donoM vaidika avatAroM kI mahanIyatA jaina paramparA meM bhI rekhAMkita huI hai| isa tathya ko puSTa karane hetu jaina paramparA meM svIkRta mAnyatAoM kA ullekha yahAM prAsaMgika hai| (jaina paramparA meM bhagavAn rAma) jaina paramparA meM rAma eka asAdhAraNa mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM pratiSThAprApta haiN| uparyukta zalAkApuruSoM meM bhI 54 mahApuruSoM kA viziSTa ullekha kiyA jAtA hai, unameM inakI gaNanA hotI hai| ukta 54 mahApuruSoM meM 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva (nArAyaNa)- inakA parigaNana hotA hai| eka mAnyatAnusAra, ye sabhI mahApuruSa, yA to usI janma meM yA agale kucha janmoM meM siddha 104

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buddha-mukta hote haiM (draSTavyaH tiloyapaNNatti-4/1473) aura ArAdhya koTi meM Ate haiN| ina 54 mahApuruSoM meM bhI 'baladeva' mahApuruSa niyamataH 'UrdhvagAmI' hote haiM arthAt inakA kabhI adhaHpatana nahIM hotA (dra. samavAyAMga-663/67, harivaMza purANa- 6/293, tiloyapaNNatti- 4/436) / jaina paramparA zrIrAma ko inheM baladeva-mahApuruSoM meM parigaNita kara eka asAdhAraNa mahApuruSa mAnatI hai| bhagavAn rAma ke vyaktitva ko vyAkhyAyita karane vAlI kucha jaina mAnyatAeM yahAM prastuta haiM: jaina paramparA ke anusAra, 2 veM tIrthaMkara muni suvrata ke zAsana (dharma-pravartana)- kAla meM 8 veM baladeva ke rUpa meM 'zrIrAma' kA janma huA thaa| inakA vAstavika nAma 'padma' thA (tiloypnnnntti-4/517)| jaina purANoM meM inheM 'rAma' nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai (dra. padmapurANa-74/31, uttarapurANa-69/731 aadi)| *inakA avataraNa (cyavana) svargaloka se huA thA (dra. padmapurANa-2/236, uttrpuraann-68/731)| inake choTe bhAI lakSmaNa jaina paramparA meM 'nArAyaNa' nAma se abhihita kiye gae haiM, jinheM 8 veM vAsudeva ke rUpa meM pratiSThA prApta hai| padma (rAma) aura nArAyaNa (lakSmaNa)- ye donoM eka hI pitA dazaratha ke putra the aura paraspara bhAI the| inameM padma (rAma) bar3e the (dra. padmapurANa- 2/214, samavAyAMga- 667/67) / .ye asAdhAraNa saundarya ke sAtha-sAtha asAdhAraNa/ aparAjeya zakti se bhI sampanna the| dayA, karuNA, dhIratA, saumyatA ke sAtha-sAtha adbhuta vIratA kI bhI ye pratimUrti the| inheM sUrya ke samAna tejasvI tathA devarAja indra kI taraha apratihata rAjya-lakSmI kA adhipati mAnA gayA hai| bhArata ke Adhe bhAga yAnI tIna khaNDoM kA adhipati hone se inheM ardhacakrI kahA gayA hai (dr.smvaayaaNg667/67)| na dharma dharmasAraka tA/1101

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*apane choTe bhAI ke sAtha ye apane pramukha zatru rAvaNa-jo 8 vAM prativAsudeva (pratinArAyaNa) mAnA jAtA hai-se yuddha karate haiM (dra. padmapurANa- 74/31) aura vijaya prApta karate haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki rAvaNa kI mRtyu lakSmaNa (nArAyaNa) ke hAthoM hotI hai, na ki rAma ke hAthoM (pdmpuraann-76/28-34)| - ye ahiMsA ke prabala pakSadhara the| apane rAjya meM 'ahiMsA' ko unhoMne rAjAjJA-pUrvaka pratiSThita kiyA thA (dra. uttarapurANa- 68/ 698)|ahiNsaa dharma ke paryAya jaina dharma va saMskRti meM unakI agAdha zraddhA thii| ve duSTa-nihantA, sajjana-pratipAlaka, nItijJa, maryAdA ke jJAtA va saMsthApaka tathA sarvadA kalyANakArI kAryoM meM saMlagna rahate the (uttrpuraann-68/82-83)| anta meM virakta bhAva se apAra vaibhava ko tyAga kara sItA ke sAtha pravrajita ho gae (padmapurANa- 68/75-712)|tp va saMyama kI utkRSTa sAdhanA ke bala para zrutakevalI va sarvajJa paramAtmA hue aura anta meM siddha-buddha-mukta ho gae (dra. padmapurANa- 68/ 714-72, 2/248, sthAnAMga- 9/61, samavAyAMga- 663 (67), tiloyapaNNatti- 4/1437) / - kevalI va siddha-buddha mukta hone se 'rAma' samasta janamAnasa ke arhanta va siddha parameSThI ke rUpa meM Aja bhI eka vandanIya, upAsanIya va ArAdhya vyaktitva haiN| jaina purANakAra AcArya guNabhadra ne bhagavAn rAma kI stuti isa prakAra kI hai: janayatu baladevo devadevo durantAd duritadurudayotthAd dUSyaduHkhAd davIyAn / avanatabhuvanezo vizvadRzvA virAgo nikhilasukhanivAsaH so'STamo'bhISTamasmAn / / (uttarapurANa-68/732) tA _ma ra 111 >

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- arthAt aSTama baladeva zrIrAma sarvajJa, vItarAga, evaM devoM ke bhI deva haiM, indra bhI jinake prati natamastaka haiM, duHkhadAyI pApakarmoM se hone vAle duSTa/azubha phaloM se ve sarvathA dUra haiM tathA samasta (pUrNa) sukha kI sthiti 'siddha-mukta-avasthA' ko prApta kara cuke haiN| ve hama logoM ke abhISTa manoratha ko pUrNa kreN| (jena paramparA meM vAsudeva zrIkRSNa) jaina mAnyatAnusAra, vAsudeva zrIkRSNa 23 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke samaya 9 veM vAsudeva (nArAyaNa) ke rUpa meM isa dharAtala para Ae the (harivaMza-purANa- 6/288-289, tiloyapaNNatti- 4/5/8)|unkegaurvpuurnn jIvana se sambaddha kucha sUcanAeM yahAM prastuta haiM: ve (mahAzukra nAmaka) svargaloka se dharAdhAma para avatarita (cyavita) hue the (padmapurANa- 2/218-2) / . .inake bar3e bhAI balarAma bhI 9 veM baladeva ke rUpa meM svargaloka se Ae the (padmapurANa- 2/236-37) / janma se hI zaMkha, cakra, gadA Adi prazasta cinha inake zarIra meM the (harivaMzapurANa- 35/35)|ye pItAmbara va moramukuTa kedhArI the (harivaMza purANa- 35/35) / ve saumya, priyadarzana, ojasvI, tejasvI va dayAlu the| *ye ardhacakrI va trikhaNDabharatAdhipati mAne gae hai| vaidika paramparA kI hI taraha, ye vasudeva va devakI ke putra haiM aura inakA lAlana-pAlana yazodA dvArA kiyA gayA hai / vaidika paramparA kI taraha, pUtanA-vadha, govardhanaparvata-dhAraNa, cANUramalla Adi kA mardana Adi zauryapUrNa kAryoM ke kartA- ye mAne gae haiM (dra. harivaMza purANa- 35 vAM srg)| yauvana meM bhI inake dvArA rUkmiNI-haraNa (harivaMza purANa- 42/ 78-97), kaMsavadha (ha. pu. 36/45), zizupAla-vadha (ha. pu.- 5/24, aura mahAn balazAlI pratinArAyaNa (prativAsudeva) jarAsandha kA vadha (ha. pu. 4/14, 6/291-292) Adi asAdhAraNa vIratA ke kArya kiye gye| %DOjena dharma nidharma kI sAti ,112

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*paurANika nirUpaNoM ke anusAra ye 'akhaNDita paurUSa' arthAt aparAjeya hote haiM (harivaMza puraann-6/289)| inheM devoM taka ke lie durjeya batAyA gayA hai (harivaMza puraann-5/21)| ina meM bIsa lAkha aSTApadoM kI zakti hotI hai| (samavAyAMga 667) / harivaMza purANa ke (36/44) ke anusAra eka hajAra siMha va hAthiyoM kA bala inameM thaa| ve dharma-niSTha, tIrthaMkara-bhakta evaM samAjakalyANa kI bhAvanA se otaprota the| samaya-samaya meM ve samasta parivAra ke sAtha tIrthaMkara kI sabhA meM dharmopadeza-zravaNa hetu jAte the| aneka utthAna-patana kI prakriyA meM se gujarate hue ye bhAvI janma meM jaina dharma ke sarvotkRSTa pratiSThita pada 'tIrthaMkara' ko prApta kara siddha-buddha-mukta hoMge (dra. sthAnAMga-9/61, samavAyAMga-663/65, uttarapurANa-72/181-184, 28-281, trilokasAra-833) nizcita hI ve paramAtmA-paramezvara va bhagavAn hone kA gaurava prApta kara jana-jana ke ArAdhya va upAsya bneNge| uparyukta nirUpaNa ke pariprekSya meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina paramparA meM bhI zrIkRSNa ke mahanIya svarUpa ko nirUpita kiyA gayA hai aura inheM asAdhAraNa mahApuruSoM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM vaidika mAnyatA se jo kucha bhinnatA hai, to vaha jaina vicAradhArANA kI apanI maulika mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa hai| donoM paramparAoM ke kathAnakoM meM sAmya manovinoda va jJAnavarddhana kI jitanI sugama aura upayukta sAdhana kathA-kahAnI hai, utanI sAhitya kI koI anya vidhA nahIM hai| kathAoM meM mitra-sammata yA kAntAsammata upadeza nihita hotA hai jo zravaNa meM sarasa-madhura aura AcaraNa meM sugama pratIta hotA hai| yahI . kAraNa hai ki mAnava ne janma lekara apane netra khole, tabhI se lekara jIvana kI antima zvAsa taka vaha kathA-kahAnI sunatA A rahA hai| prathama saDa.113

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dUsare zabdoM meM kathA-sAhitya utanA hI prAcIna hai jinatA svayaM mAnava / kathA ke prati mAnava kA sahaja AkarSaNa rahA hai| phalasvarUpa jIvana kA koI bhI aisA kSetra nahIM hai jisameM kahAnI kI sarasatA abhivyakta nahIM huI ho| nizcaya hI kahane aura sunane kI utkaNThA sArvabhauma rahI hai| isameM jijJAsA aura kutUhala kI aisI adbhuta zakti samAhita hai jisase yaha AbAlavRddha, sabhI ke lie AsvAdya hai| jana-mAnasa kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI kathAeM sAMskRtika cetanA kI prabuddha sAMseM haiM, ataH saMskRti ko surakSita rakhane meM kathA kI upAdeyatA sarvathA saMgata hai / kathA-kahAnI manuSya ke lie eka apUrva vizrAnti kA sAdhana hai| Aja bhI isakI ukta vizeSatA meM koI antara nahIM par3A hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki pramukha bhASAoM ke sAhitya kathA-kahAniyoM se bhare par3e haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya ke sraSya prAcIna kAla se hI sAhitya kI isa vidhA ko apanI racanAoM se samRddha karate rahe haiN| vaidika sAhitya, upaniSatsAhitya, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi meM anekAneka AkhyAna bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya kI paramparA ko rUpAyita karate haiN| kathA-kahAniyoM, AkhyAna Adi ko sAhitya meM to pratiSThA milI hI hai, loka-mAnasa meM bhI zruti-paramparA se avicchinna rUpa se ve pravAhamAna raheM haiN| vaidika paramparA ho yA jaina paramparA, donoM meM hI kathA-vidhA ko phalane-phUlane kA pUrNa avasara prApta huA hai| ina donoM paramparAoM ke kathA-sAhitya meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke naitika AdarzoM, dhArmika mAnyatAoM, rIti-rivAjoM, aitihAsika tathyoM va cirantana satyoM kA pratibimba spaSTa jhalakatA huA dikhAI detA hai| donoM paramparAoM ne eka dUsarI se kathAnakoM kA AdAnapradAna bhI kiyA hai| aisA bhI huA hai ki eka hI kathAnaka ne donoM paramparAoM meM aMgIkRta hokara pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA, yA donoM paramparAoM ne eka hI kathAnaka ko apanI-apanI maulika jaina dharma vaidika dharma kI sAra katika ekatA/114

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mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa DhAlate hue prastuta kiyaa| kathAnakoM ke saMkramaNa kI isa pravRtti ne donoM paramparAoM meM paraspara nikaTatA sthApita kI hai aura sAtha hI, donoM paramparAoM ke sAjhe sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko ujAgara karane meM bhI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| donoM paramparAoM ke kathAnakoM meM prApta sAmya ne aneka anusandhAtA vidvAnoM va manISiyoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai| bauddha jAtaka, mahAbhArata, vaidika purANa, jaina Agama-inameM eka hI kathAnaka ne kisa prakAra vividha rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hai, yA eka hI kathya ko rekhAMkita karane ke lie donoM paramparAoM meM eka jaise kathAnaka prastuta kiye gae haiM- isa viSaya para kucha vidvAnoM ne zodhapUrNa kArya bhI prastuta kiye haiN| phira bhI isa dizA meM aura bhI adhika anusandhAna apekSita haiN| kucha kathAnaka, prAyaH jina para vidvAnoM kI dRSTi nahIM par3I hai, unheM saMkalita kara prastuta kRti ke dvitIya khaNDa (jaina va vaidika kathAoM meM ekatA ke svara) meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| ye kathAeM donoM paramparAoM ke sAjhe sAMskRtika mUlya ko rekhAMkita karatI haiM aura ghaTanA-sAmya bhI pradarzita karatI haiN| inameM ve kathAeM bhI haiM jo jana-sAmAnya meM pracalita rahI haiM aura bhAratavarSa ke vyApaka sAMskRtika tAne-bAne se jur3I huI haiM, sAtha hI ve kathAeM bhI haiM jo parasparasaMmata dhArmika sAhitya meM nirdiSTa haiN| donoM paramparAoM kI sAMskRtika dRSTi se ekatA-samAnatA ke svara jo ina kathAoM meM mukharita hue haiM, unheM rekhAMkita karanA prastuta dvitIya khaNDa kA uddezya hai| donoM paramparAoM meM saiddhAntika samanvaya vaidika va jaina dharma-darzana donoM hI sAMskRtika mUlyoM va AdarzoM meM prAyaH ekamata haiN| vastutaH donoM hI paramparAeM samagra bhAratIya saMskRti kI hI upadhArAeM haiM aura donoM saiddhAntika ekasUtratA prathama gADa/115

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se paraspara baMdhI haiN| apanI-apanI pRthak-pRthak maulika mAnyatAoM meM vaimatya bhale hI ho, donoM mUlabhUta AdarzoM se baMdhI huI dRSTigocara hotI haiM / prastuta kRti ke tIsare khaNDa (siddhAnta samanvaya) meM 4 se adhika aise sAMskRtika mUlyoM, naitika AdarzoM va cirantana satyoM ko saMkalita kara prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo donoM paramparAoM meM samAnatayA AdRta hue haiN| poSaka pramANoM ke rUpa meM donoM paramparAoM ke sarvamAnya zAstroM, granthoM se viziSTa sandarbho ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha, donoM paramparAoM kI sAMskRtika ekatA evaM unake samanvita rUpa ko pratibimbita karane kA prayAsa agrima do khaNDoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai| paraspara samanvaya ke purodhA manISI donoM paramparAoM ko paraspara samIpa lAne meM, donoM kI anekatA meM bhI ekatA ko rekhAMkita karane meM, aura unakI vividha mAnyatAoM meM anusyUta samasta AdarzoM va mUlyoM ko udghATita karane meM, donoM paramparAoM ke aneka viziSTa AcAryoM, manISiyoM kA yogadAna rahA hai jo avismaraNIya hai| vaidika paramparA meM vaidika RSi, maharSi vyAsa, mahAkavi kAlidAsa, AcArya zaMkara Adi aise viziSTa AcArya haiM jinhoMne donoM saMskRtiyoM kI samanvayAtmaka pravRtti ko paripuSTa kiyA hai| isI taraha, jaina paramparA meM AcArya kundakunda, A. samantabhadra, A. siddhasena, A. somadeva, A. nemicandra, A. haribhadra va A. hemacandra Adi manISiyoM ne sAMskRtika samanvaya kI dizA meM ullekhanIya yogadAna kiyA hai| ukta AcAryoM kI vaicArika paramparA ko pravartita rakhanA vartamAna meM bhI atyadhika Avazyaka hai tAki paraspara sammAna-sahiSNutA-udAratA kI pRSThabhUmi meM eka sukhada sauhArdapUrNa vAtAvaraNa nirmita ho ske| - jaina dharmAdika dharma kI sAlagitA 116

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(samanvaya ke mukharita svara) anya dharmoM, darzanoM va vicAradhArAoM ke prati sahiSNutA va udAratA kA bhAva rakhanA, paraspara samanvaya kI dRSTi se samAnatA ke sUtra khojanA, vaicArika vividhatAoM meM anusyUta vicAradhArA ko rekhAMkita karanA- yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kI pramukha vizeSatA rahI hai| isa vizeSatA ko avicchinna banAye rakhane meM, vaidika va jaina paramparAoM ke RSiyoM-muniyoM, AcAryoM, manISiyoM dvArA yathAsamaya abhivyakta udgAra mArgadarzaka rahe haiN| unameM se kucha viziSTa vacanoM/ sandarbho ko yahAM upasaMhAra rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai:vaidika RSi ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vdnti| __ (Rgveda-1/164/46) - satya eka hai, vidvAn loga use aneka prakAroM se vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| tadevAnistadAdityastad vAyustadu cndrmaaH| tadeva zukraM tad brahma tA ApaH sa prjaaptiH|| (yajurveda- 32/1) tattva eka hI hai| usI ko agni, Aditya, vAyu, candramA, zukra, prajApati va brahma- ina nAmoM se pukArate haiN| saMgacchadhvaM sNvddhvm| (Rgveda-1/191/2) -calane-phirane (vyAhArika AcaraNa) meM tathA paraspara bolacAla meM hamArI sahabhAgitA ho| saM vo manAMsi jaantaam| (Rgveda 1/191/2) eka dUsare ke vicAroM ko milakara (sahamata hokara) jaaneNsmjheN| saMgama THAug 117

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kavayo vacobhirekaM santaM bahudhA klpynti| (Rgveda- 1/114/5) eka hI satya ko kavi (vidvAn) loga aneka prakAroM se vyAkhyAyita karate haiM (arthAt vidvAnoM ke vividha vyAkhyAnoM meM eka hI satya anusyUta hai- aisA samajhanA caahie)| smRtikAra manu etameke vadantyagniM manumanye prajApatim / indrameke pare prANamapare brahma zAzvatam // (manusmRti- 12/123) -eka hI tattva ko kucha loga agni kahate haiM to kucha manu / kucha use prajApati kahate haiM to kucha use indra kahate haiN| kucha loga use hI prANa tattva to kucha use zAzvata brahma nAma se pukArate haiN| maharSi vyAsa dharmaM yo bAdhate dharmaH, na sa dharmaH kudharma tt| . (mahAbhArata-3/131/11) jo dharma dUsare dharma ko bAdhA pahuMcAtA hai, vaha dharma nahIM, kudharma hai (arthAt anya dharmoM/vicAradhArAoM ke sAtha virodha na rakhanA 'dharma' kA dharmapanA hai)| mahAkavi kalidAsa bahudhA'pyAgamairbhinnAH panthAnaH siddhihetavaH / tvayyeva nipatantyaughAH, jAnhavIyA ivaarnnve|| (raghuvaMza-1/26) - jaise gaMgA kI vividha dhArAoM kA lakSya samudra hI hotA hai, vaise hI vividha AgamoM/zAstroM meM vibhakta samasta (dArzanika) vicAradhArAeM paramAtma-tattva para hI kendrita va anta meM vahIM samAhita hotI haiM (arthAt vividhaM darzanoM kA lakSya eka hI hai)| nAma evedika dharma kI sAgatika MI/1184

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AcArya zaMkara upAsyaikatve'pi upAsanAbhedo dharmavyavasthA ca bhavati, yathA dve nA? ekaM nRpatimupAste, chatreNAnyA caamrennaanyaa| (brahmasUtra- 3/3/11 para zAMkara bhaassy)| - yadyapi upAsya eka hI hai, phira bhI upAsanA ke bheda aneka ho sakate haiN| jaise eka hI rAjA kI do sevikA striyAM hoM, unameM se eka chatra dhAraNa karake to dUsarI caMvara dulA kara sevA karatI hai (isI prakAra, vividha upAsanAeM eka hI upAsya/ArAdhya kI upAsanA meM sahabhAgI haiN)| jainAcArya kundakunda NANI ziva parameTThI savvaNhU viNhu caumuho buddho| appo vi ya paramappA kammavimukko ya hoi phuddN|| (bhAvapAhuDa, 151) - AtmA hI karmavimukta hokara 'paramAtmA' hotA hai| use hI jJAnI, ziva, parameSThI, sarvajJa, viSNu, caturmukha (brahmA) va buddhaina vividha nAmoM/vizeSaNoM se pukArate haiN| jenAcArya samantabhadra smayena yo'nyAnatyeti, dharmasthAn grvitaashyH| sotyeti dharmamAtmIyaM na dharmo dhaarmikairvinaa|| (ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-1/26) - jo vyakti abhimAna yA garva ke kAraNa, anya dharma ke anuyAyiyoM kA (tiraskAra Adi dvArA) atikramaNa karatA hai, (unakI AsthA ko coTa pahuMcAtA hai, vaha dharma kA atikramaNa kara rahA hotA hai, kyoMki dhArmikoM se hI dharma kA astitva hai| prathama raDa/119

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jainAcArya siddhasena jJeyaH prsiddhaantH,svpkssblnishcyoplbdhyrthm| (dvAtriMzikA-8/19) yadi apane pakSa yA siddhAnta kI zakti kA nirNaya bhI karanA ho, to bhI dUsare ke siddhAnta ko jAnanA apekSita hai| udadhAviva sarvasindhavaH samudIrNAstvayi nAtha dRSTayaH / (dvAtriMzikA-4/15) - jaise sArI nadiyA~ eka hI samudra meM jAkara milatI haiM, usI prakAra sabhI dRSTiyoM (dArzanika vicAradhArAoM) kA lakSya eka paramAtmA hI hai| vidhi-brahma-lokeza-zambhU-svayambhUcaturvakAmukhyAbhidhAnAM vidhaanm| dhuvo'yo ya Uce jagatsargahetuH sa ekaH parAtmA gatirme jinendraH / (dvAtriMzikA- 21/7) - mere lie ekamAtra paramAtmA jinendra hI dhruvabhUta zaraNa hai, jise sRSTikartA, brahmA, viSNu, zambhU, svayambhU, caturmukha ityAdi pramukha nAma diye jAte rahe haiN| jainAcArya pUjyapAda zivAya dhAtre sugatAya viSNave, jinAya tasmai sakalAtmane nmH| (samAdhizataka-2) - jinendra ko merI vandanA hai, jise ziva, dhAtA, sugata (buddha), viSNu yA sarvabhUtastha AtmA kahA jAtA hai| janama dikama kI sArata 11/1202 1

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jainAcArya akalaMka taM vande sAdhuvanyaM sakalaguNanidhiM dhvastadoSadviSantam, buddhaM vA vardhamAnaM zatadalanilayaM kezavaM vA zivaM vaa|| (akalaMkastotra-9) - samasta guNoM ke nidhi, sabhI doSarUpI zatruoM ko dhvasta karane vAle tathA sajjanoM ke vandanIya paramAtmA kI vandanA karatA hUM, jise buddha, mahAvIra, kamalAsana (brahmA), viSNu yA ziva kahA jAtA hai| jenAcArya haribhadra AtmIyaH parakIyo vA kaH siddhAnto vipshcitaam| dRSTeTAbAdhito yastu yuktastasya parigrahaH // (yogabindu,525) _ -vidvAn logoM ke lie koI siddhAnta na apanA hotA hai aura na hI praayaa| jo bhI siddhAnta pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se bAdhita/ pratikUla nahIM hotA, use hI ve apanA lete haiN| yuktimadvacanaM yasya, tasya kAryaH prigrhH| (lokatattvanirNaya,38) - yuktiyukta vacana jisakA bhI ho, use apanA lenA caahie| Agamena ca yuktyA vA yo'rthaH smbhigmyte| parIkSya hemavad grAhyaH pakSapAtAgraheNa kim // (lokatattvanirNayaka,18) -Agama se aura yukti se jo padArtha samajha meM Ae, usakI acchI taraha usI prakAra jAMca-parakha karanI cAhie jaise loga sone ko (Aga meM pakA kara) parakhate haiM, yUM hI kisI mata-vizeSa ke prati pakSapAta nahIM karanA caahie|

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sadAzivaH paraM brahmA siddhAtmA tathateti ca / zabdaistaducyate 'nvarthAdekamevaivamAdibhiH // ( yogadRSTisamuccaya, 13) - eka hI paramAtmA-tattva ko sadAziva, parabrahma, siddhAtmA, tathatA - ityAdi sArthaka nAmoM se abhihita karate haiN| yasya nikhilAzca doSAH na santi sarve guNAzca vidyante / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai // (lokatattvanirNaya, 4) - jo samasta doSoM se rahita ho cukA hai aura samasta guNoM - se sampanna hai, use brahmA kaho yA viSNu kaho, zaMkara kaho yA jinendra kaho, merI use vandanA hai jainAcArya somadeva sarva eva hi jainAnAM pramANaM laukiko vidhiH / yatra samyaktvahAnirna, yatra na vratadUSaNam // ( upAsakAdhyayana, 34/48) zrutiH zAstrAntaraM vA'stu pramANaM vA'tra kA kSatiH / ( upAsakAdhyayana, 34/477) - - jainoM ke lie samasta laukika AcAra-vicAra pramANa haiMarthAt svIkArya haiM, bazarte unake samyaktva meM koI kamI nahIM Ae aura vrata bhI khaNDita nahIM hoM / isI taraha, vaidika paramparA ke vedoM ko pramANa mAnane meM bhI hameM koI Apatti nahIM (bazarte samyaktva va vratoM ke virUddha koI tathya pramANa rUpa meM mAnya nahIM haiM) / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA / 122

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jainAcArya nemicandra (siddhAntacakravartI) parasamayANaM vayaNaM micchaM khalu hoi savvahA vayaNA / jeANaM puNa vayaNaM sammaM khu kahaMcivayaNAdo | (gommaTasAra, karmakANDa - 895) anya siddhAntoM ke kathana isalie mithyA haiM kyoMki ve apane ko sarvathA satya - 'sabhI dRSTiyoM se satya' ghoSita karate haiM / kintu yadi ve svayaM ko 'kisI dRSTi - vizeSa' se satya kaheM to jainoM ke lie ve samIcIna haiM / niSkarSa: uparyukta samagra nirUpaNa ke pariprekSya meM nizcaya ke sAtha yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaidika va jaina donoM hI apanI-apanI maulika avadhAraNAoM ke pRthaka-pRthaka hote hue bhI sAMskRtika ekasUtratA meM anusyUta haiM aura isalie unameM paryApta sAmya bhI - dRSTigocara hotA hai / satya eka hai, jo donoM dharmoM ke sAhitya meM pratibimbita ho rahA hai / prathama saga 123

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jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA (eka siMhAvalokana) (dvitIya khaNDa) jaina va vaidika kathAoM meM ekatA kA svara

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0 NG DA dayA : dharma kA mUla hai SAG ( sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) saMta kavi tulasIdAsa ne kahAdayA dharma kA mUla hai, pApa mUla abhimAna / tulasI dayA na chAMr3ie, jaba taka ghaTa meM prAna // dharma kA mUla dayA hai| dayArahita dharma 'dharma' nahIM ho sakatA hai| dayA hRdaya kI komalatA aura mRdutA kI pahacAna hai| mRdu hRdaya se dayA kA utsa phUTatA hai / mahAn nItijJa cANakya ne kahA- "dayA dharmasya janmabhUmiH / " dayA hI dharma kI janmabhUmi hai / santa malUkadAsa ne dayA ke binA sabhI tIrthoM ko asatya ghoSita karate hue kahA thA makkA madInA dvArikA, badrI aura kedAra / binA dayA saba jhUTha hai, kahe malUka vicAra // dayA kA eka anya paryAyavAcI zabda hai- anukampA / isa zabda meM dayA kA sampUrNa bhAva nihita hai| anukampA kA artha hai- kaMpita ko dekhakara kaMpita honA / duHkhI ke duHkha se duHkhita ho jAnA hI anukampA hai / pIr3ita yA kaSTa-kavalita ko dekhakara jo dayArdra nahIM hotA athavA usakA kaSTa harane ke lie lAlAyita nahIM hotA, vastutaH vaha na to dhArmika hai aura na hI use 'manuSya hone kA adhikAra hai| sacce arthoM meM dayAlu to vaha hai jo apane dvitIya khaNDa 125

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hita-ahita para kiMcit mAtra bhI vicAra na karatA huA kaSTa-kavalita prANI ko sammukha pAkara usakA kaSTa harane ke lie udyata ho jAtA hai| aisA vyakti trikAla aura triloka meM kIrtita aura vandita hotA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke jo bhI maulika siddhAnta haiM, unameM dayA, karuNA, va anukampA kA mahanIya sthAna hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI donoM dhArAoM- vaidika va zramaNa (jaina va bauddha) paramparA meM 'dayA' ko 'ahiMsA' kA eka vyAvahArika rUpa svIkArate hue ise anivArya sAmAjika kartavya ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| cUMki sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, sabhI jIvoM ko sukha priya hai aura duHkha apriya hai, isalie ahiMsA aura usake dayA Adi vyAvahArika rUpoM ko eka sArvabhaumika mAnavIya dharma/ naitika kartavya ke rUpa meM sarvatra pratiSThita karane kA prayAsa sabhI dharmoM meM huA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA- 'savve pANA piyAuyA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA appiyavahA piyajIviNo jIviukAmA' (AcArAMga- 1/2/3/78)- arthAt sabhI prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai, ve sukha cAhate haiM, duHkha nahIM caahte| bhagavAn buddha ne bhI isI vicAra ko abhivyakta kiyA- sukhakAmAni bhUtAni, savvesiM jIvitaM piyaM (dhammapada, 10/3) arthAta sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM aura unheM sukha priya hotA hai| vaidika paramparA kA bhI yaha spaSTa abhimata rahA haina hyAtmanaH priyataraM kiMcid bhUteSu nishcitm| aniSTaM sarvabhUtAnAM maraNaM nAma bhArata // (mahAbhA. 11/7/27) -apanI AtmA se bar3hakara prANiyoM ko koI dUsarI vastu priya nahIM hai| mRtyu kisI ko iSTa nahIM hai| mahAbhArata meM hI anyatra kahA gayA haiduHkhAdudvijate sarvaH sarvasya sukhamIpsitam (mahAbhA. 12/139/62)- arthAt duHkha se sabhI ghabar3Ate haiM, sabhI ko sukha abhISTa hai| isI vaicArika pRSThabhUmi ko Age bar3hAte hue mahAtmA buddha ne kahA- attAnaM upamaM katvA na haneyya na ghAtaye (suttanipAta, 3/37/2) arthAt saba prANiyoM ko apane jaisA samajha kara na svayaM kisI kA vadha kare aura na hI dUsaroM se vadha karAye / prANiyoM ko Atmavat samajhane vAle vivekazIla prANI kI pravRtti meM dayA, karuNA, ahiMsA ni dharma eva Adika dharga kI sAskRtika ekA 126

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svataH antarnihita hotI haiN| vaidika paramparA ke purodhA manISiyoM ne isI tathya ko puSTa karate hue kahA- Atmavat vartanaM yat syAt, sA dayA parikIrtitA (bhaviSyapurANa, 1/2/158) arthAt apane jaisA bartAva karanA 'dayA' hai| kUrmapurANa (2/15/31) tathA padmapurANa (3/54/29) Adi meM bhI yahI bhAva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| eka vaidika purANa meM 'dayA' kI jagaha 'ahiMsA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai- Atmavat sarvabhUteSu yo hitAya pravartate / ahiMsaiSA samAkhyAtA vedasaMvihitA ca y|| (skanda purANa - 162/55/15) arthAt prANiyoM ko Atmavat samajhakara eka prANI dvArA dUsare prANI ke prati kI jAne vAlI hitakArI pravRtti ko 'ahiMsA' kahate haiM jo veda-samarthita hai| jaina paramparA ke mahAn AcArya hemacandra ne isI bhAva ko isa prakAra prakaTa kiyA hai- . Atmavat sarvabhUteSu sukhaduHkhe priyaapriye| cintayan Atmano'niSTAM hiMsAmanyasya nAcaret // (haima. yogazAstra-2/20) -sabhI prANiyoM ko Atmavat samajhate hue, aisA cintana kare ki merI taraha anya prANiyoM ko bhI sukha priya hai aura duHkha apriya hai| isa vicAradhArA ko apanAte hue kisI bhI anya prANI kI hiMsA se nivRtta honA caahie| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- mA haNe pANiNo pANe (uttarA. sU. 6/7)-kisI bhI prANI ko mata maaro| vaidika RSi kI bhI udghoSaNA haimA hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni (yajurveda 13/47) / prAyaH yahI zabda aura bhAva mahAbhArata meM prakaTa kiye gae haiM- na hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni (mahAbhA. 12/ 278/5) / tAtparya hai ki sabhI prANI avadhya haiN| 'dayA' ahiMsA kA hI eka viziSTa rUpa hai| isalie bhAratIya saMskRti meM ise maulika svataMtra dharma ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA meM mAnA gayA:- dayeti munayaH prAhuH sAkSAd dharmasya lakSaNam (kUrmapu. 2/15/31, padmapu. 3/54/29) / arthAt muniyoM ne dayA ko dharma kA sAkSAt (pramukharUpa se) lakSaNa mAnA hai| jaina paramparA ne bhI isI svara kA udghoSa karate hue kahA- dhammo dayAvisuddho (bodhaprAbhRta. 28) arthAt dharma kI zuddhatA hai- dyaa| AcArya umAsvAti ke mata meM -

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'dharmasya dayA mUlaM' (prazamaratiprakaraNa, 168)-dharma kA mUla 'dayA' hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI ise mahanIya sthAna prApta huA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM kahA gayA hai- sarveSu bhUteSu dayA hi dharmaH (buddhacarita, 9/10)- arthAt sabhI prANiyoM ke prati dayA bhAva hI 'dharma' hai| ukta bhAratIya sAMskRtika vicAradhArA kI pRSThabhUmi meM vaidika va jaina- ina do paramparAoM meM pratyeka se sambaddha eka-eka kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| jaina va vaidika- ina do saMskRtiyoM meM prApta ekasamAna caritra aura karuNA kA ekasadRza sthAna donoM saMskRtiyoM kI ekAtmakatA-ekarasatA aura ekasvarUpatA ko siddha karate haiN| dekhie-mahArAja megharatha aura mahArAja zivi ke ekasadRza kathAnaka aura unase TapakatA dayA kA amRta bhAva / [1] rAjA megharatha (jaina) atIva prAcIna samaya meM puNDarIkiNI nAma kI eka nagarI thii| vahAM para rAjA dharmaratha rAjya karate the| dharmaratha nyAyazIla aura prajAvatsala rAjA the| unake do putra the| bar3e putra kA nAma megharatha aura choTe kA nAma dRr3haratha thaa| Ayu ke tRtIya caraNa meM rAjA dharmaratha ne apane jyeSTha putra megharatha ko rAjya-bhAra soMpa diyaa| ve AtmakalyANa ke lie muni banakara sAdhanArata ho ge| ___ megharatha ne kuzalatA se rAjya saMcAlana kiyaa| ve svayaM ko zAsaka nahIM, apitu zAsitoM kA sevaka mAnate the| dhana-dhAnya kI dRSTi se una kA rAjya sampanna bana gayA thaa| rAjA megharatha mahAn nyAyazIla aura karUNA ke avatAra mAne jAte the| unake rAjya meM zera aura gAya eka ghATa para pAnI pIte the| eka bAra svargaloka meM deva-sabhA jur3I thii| devarAja indra ne rAjA megharatha kI nyAyazIlatA aura karuNAzIlatA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| eka devatA ko dharatI ke sAdhAraNa mAnava kI yaha prazaMsA pasanda na aaii| usane ghoSaNA kI- maiM megharatha ko karUNA ke mArga se bhraSTa kara duuNgaa| janazagaM Iri Ei IF it (sArogA ekatA ><

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devatA dharatI para aayaa| usane devamAyA ke do rUpa banAe eka kabUtara kA aura dUsarA bAz2a kA / mahArAja megharatha apane darabAra meM baiThe the| ve kisI viSaya para gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra kara rahe the| sahasA unakI goda meM eka kabUtara Akara girA / kabUtara bhaya se kAMpa rahA thaa| usakI AMkhoM meM prANa-rakSA kI prArthanA thii| karUNA ke devatA megharatha ne kabUtara kI AMkhoM kI bhASA par3ha lii| unhoMne atyanta prema se use sahalAte hue kahA-"dhairya dharo pakSI! bhaya ko bhUla jaao| tuma ucita zaraNa meM A gae ho| tuma mere zaraNAgata ho| aura maiM zaraNAgata kI rakSA prANa dekara bhI karatA huuN|" kabUtara Azvasta ho gyaa| usI kSaNa dhar3adhar3AtA huA bAz2a darabAra meM aayaa| usakI AMkhoM meM khUna thaa| usane manuSya kI bhASA meM kahA-"rAjan! yaha kabUtara merA zikAra hai| yaha mujhe de diijie| maiM kaI dinoM kA bhUkhA huuN| ise khAkara apanI kSudhA zAnta kruuNgaa|" megharatha bole-"pakSirAja! yadi yaha tumhArA zikAra hai to merA zaraNAgata bhI hai| aura kisI bhI prANI para bhakSaka kI apekSA rakSaka kA adhika adhikAra hotA hai|" rahI tumhArI bhUkha kI bAta / merI pAkazAlA meM vibhinna khAdya padArtha taiyAra haiN| tuma bharapeTa bhojana kara sakate ho| __ "maiM mAMsAhArI pakSI huuN|' bAz2a bolA-"mAMsa hI merA bhojana hai| kyA tumhArI pAkazAlA meM mAMsa pakatA hai?" . "nahIM!" megharatha bole - "merI pAkazAlA meM mAMsa nahIM pktaa|" "mujhe mAMsa caahie|' bAz2a ne dRr3hatA se kahA-"kabUtara ke taula kA mAMsa! yadi mujhe na milA to maiM mara jaauuNgaa| Apa ne merA bhojana chInA hai| aba Apa hI usakA prabaMdha kiijie|" megharatha dharmasaMkaTa meM phaMsa ge| mAMsa kA prabandha! kisI ke mAMsa kI to ve kalpanA hI nahIM kara sakate the| unhoMne socA / bahuta socaa| antataH unhoMne samasyA kA hala prApta ho gyaa| ve bole- "maiM apanA mAMsa tumheM dUMgA!" - "mujhe svIkAra hai|' bAja ne khaa| darabArI jana bAja kI dhRSTatA para krodhita ho utthe| ve use mArane ko lpke| lekina megharatha ne dRr3hatA se sabhI darabAriyoM ko zAnta kara diyaa| unhoMne anucaroM ko Adeza diyA ki churI aura tarAjU darabAra meM lAe jaaeN| titIya gaNarAdu :29

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rAjAjJA kA anucaroM ne amana se pAlana kiyaa| rAjA megharatha ne eka palar3e meM kabUtara ko rakha diyaa| ve apanI deha kA mAMsa kATa-kATa kara tarAjU ke dUsare palar3e meM rakhane lge| prajA aura rAjaparivAra meM hAhAkAra maca gyaa| devaloka ke devatA adRzya rUpa se sAMsa sAdhe devaloka kI parAjaya aura dharatI kI jaya ko dekha rahe the| samaya staMbhita ho ThaharasA gayA thaa| - Azcarya! bahuta sA mAMsa tarAjU para rakha dene para bhI kabUtara kA palar3A hilA taka nhiiN| mahArAja megharatha uThe aura kabUtara ke samAnAntara palar3e meM baiTha ge| bAz2a rUpI deva kA hRdaya hila utthaa|aakaash meM devagaNoM ne puSpa varSA karake megharatha kI karUNA kI jayajayakAra kii| devamAyA simaTa cukI thii| parIkSaka deva megharatha ke caraNoM meM girakara kSamA mAMga rahA thaa| yaha hai jaina kathA sAhitya ke pRSThoM para aMkita eka aisA caritra jo karuNA ke devatA megharatha kI mahAnatA kA yazogAna ucca-svara se kara rahA hai| [triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita me] 00 [2] mahArAjA zivi (vaidika) rAjA zivi bhagavadbhakta aura zaraNAgatavatsala rAjA the| unakI khyAti dharatI se AkAza taka phailI huI thii| eka bAra devarAja indra ne zivi kI parIkSA lene kA vicAra kiyaa| unhoMne agnideva ko isa kArya meM apanA sahAyaka bnaayaa| indra ne bAz2a kA rUpa banAyA aura agnideva kabUtara bne| bAja rUpI indra kabUtara rUpI anideva para jhapaTe / bhayAkula kabUtara mRtyu se bacane ke lie AkAza meM UMcI-nIcI ur3AneM bhara rahA thaa| mahArAjA zivi apane darabAra meM baiThe rAjakAja meM vyasta the| usI samaya vaha kabUtara unakI goda meM Akara girA / usake netroM meM mRtyu ke bhaya kI parachAiyAM taira rahI thiiN| use dekhakara zivi karuNArdra ho utthe| unhoneM premapUrNa svara meM kabUtara ko jAnadharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika va 130

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sAntvanA dI- "dhairya dhAraNa karo pakSI! bhaya ko bhUla jAo! tuma mere zaraNAgata ho! aura zivi kA zaraNAgata sadaiva abhaya hotA hai|" . kucha dera bAda bAz2a darabAra meM AyA / kabUtara ko zivi kI goda meM dekhakara bAz2a bolA-"mahArAja! yaha kabUtara merA AhAra hai| Apa to bar3e nyAyapriya haiN| karuNAzIla haiN| maiM bahuta bhUkhA huuN| mere sAtha nyAya kiijie| merA AhAra mujhe lauTA diijie|" . rAjA zivi bole-"bAz2a! jo manuSya samartha hote hue bhI zaraNAgata kI rakSA nahIM karate yA lobha athavA bhaya se use tyAga dete haiM unheM brahmahatyA ke samAna pApa lagatA hai| maiM isa mahApApa kA AdhAra nahIM bananA cAhatA huuN| tuma bhUkhe ho to tumheM bhojana avazya milegaa|" bAz2a ne kahA-"rAjan! maiM mAMsAhArI pakSI huuN|mujhe mAMsa caahie| tAjA mAMsa! kyA Apa tAje mAMsa kA prabandha kara sakate haiM?" ___ "kyoM nahIM, avazya!" zivi bole-"maiM zaraNAgata dharma kI rakSA ke lie tumheM apane zarIra kA mAMsa dUMgA / merA yaha nazvara zarIra yadi kisI kI rakSA ke hita vyaya hotA hai to isase bar3hakara mere lie anya koI prasannatA nahIM ho sakatI hai| kaho, kyA tumheM mere zarIra kA mAMsa svIkArya hai?" "mujhe svIkAra hai|' bAz2a bolA-"Apa kabUtara ke vajana kA mAMsa mujhe diijie| mujhe adhika nahIM caahie|" mahArAja zivi ne eka tarAjU mNgaayaa| eka palar3e meM unhoMne kabUtara ko rakha diyA aura dUsare palar3e meM ve apane zarIra kA mAMsa talavAra se kATa-kATa kara rakhane lge| lekina devamAyA ke kAraNa kabUtara kA vajana bar3hatA calA gyaa| bahuta-sA mAMsa rakhane para bhI kabUtara kA palar3A apane sthAna se nahIM hilaa| mahArAja zivi ne deha ke mamatva ko pUrNatayA tyAga diyaa| ve uThe aura kabUtara ke vajana ko pUrNa karane ke lie dUsare palar3e meM svayaM baiTha ge| ekAeka dRzya badala gyaa| AkAza meM deva-duMdubhiyAM bajane lgiiN| mahArAja zivi kI karuNA, nyAya aura zaraNAgatavatsalatA kI jayajayakAra karate hue devagaNa AkAza se dharatI para utara aae| indra aura agnideva ne apane rUpa meM pragaTa hokara zivi ke caraNa pakar3a lie| devarAja mAga sAgara 1310

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bole - "rAjan! ApakI mahimA akathya hai / Apa saMsAra meM sarvazreSTha haiM / Apa paramapada ke adhikArI haiM / " isa prakAra mahArAja zivi kI stutiyAM karate hue devarAja indra deva-parivAra sahita apane loka ko lauTa ge| OOO 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH ' - yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kA udghoSa rahA hai | ahiMsA dharma kA hI viziSTa rUpa 'dayA' hai| yahAM (Upara) prastuta donoM kathAnaka mUlataH bhAratIya saMskRti ke isI sanAtana dharma 'dayA' kI mahanIyatA ko rekhAMkita karate haiM / prANi-dayA hetu apanA prANa bhI nyochAvara karanA par3e to niHsaMkoca karanA cAhie- yaha donoM kathAnakoM meM antarnihita tathya samAna hai / mahArAja megharatha kA kathAnaka jaina paramparA se uddhRta hai| dayAmUrti mahArAja zivi kI kathA vaidika paramparA prasiddha hai| mahAbhArata ke vanaparva ke 197-198 adhyAyoM meM isa kathA kA nirUpaNa hai / isI zreNI ke eka anya dayAzIla rAjA uzInara kI kathA bhI vanaparva ke 13 veM adhyAya meM varNita hai| vaidika paramparA meM mahArAja zivi, to dUsarI tarapha jaina paramparA ke mahArAja megharatha- donoM hI prANa- dayA kA Adarza udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| ataH ye kathAnaka yaha preraNA dete haiM ki apane prANoM kI bhI paravAha na karate hue anya prANiyoM ke prati dayA va karuNA kA vyavahAra karanA caahie| donoM kathAnakoM ke pAtroM ke nAmoM para dhyAna na deM to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki eka hI kathA ke do saMskaraNa jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 132

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prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isa prasaMga meM isa tathya ko bhI nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai ki vaidika va jaina- donoM hI saMskRtiyoM meM eka se dUsarI meM kathAnakoM kA AdAna-pradAna hotA rahA hai| pratyeka saMskRti ke purodhA AcAryoM/manISiyoM/cintakoM va sAhityakAroM ne ukta AdAna-pradAna meM apanI ruci isalie dikhAI ki ve ukta kathAnakoM meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI una maulika udAtta bhAvanAoM ko pratibimbita hotA dekha rahe the jo ukta donoM saMskRtiyoM meM eka sAjhI virAsata ke rUpa meM cira kAla se calI A rahI thiiN| kisa saMskRti yA vicAradhArA ne kisa anya saMskRti yA vicAradhArA se kathAnaka lekara use apane anurUpa DhAlA- yaha jAnanA bahuta mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| mahattvapUrNa yaha hai ki donoM vicAradhArAoM kI kisa cirantana satya yA Adarza siddhAnta ke pracAra-prasAra meM ruci rahI hai-ise hama jAneM-samajheM aura jIvana meM use kriyAnvita kreN| sAtha hI isa tathya se bhI inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki donoM hI kathAnaka apanI-apanI paramparA meM satya va aitihAsika hoN|

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ahiMsA paramo dharmaH (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) ahiMsA isa jagat kA sarvaprathama aura sarvocca dharma hai| jagat ke samasta prANiyoM ke prANoM ko apane prANoM ke samAna priya mAnakara unakI rakSA karanA ahiMsA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kA aMtardarzana pragaTa karate hue hiMsA na karane kA nirdeza diyA thAevaM khu nANiNo sAraM, jaM na hiMsai kiNcnn| (sUtrakR. 1/4/10) jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai ki vaha kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kreN| ahiMsAsamayaM ceva, eyAvantaM viyaanniyaa|| (sUtrakR. 1/11/10) ahiMsA eka siddhAnta hai, yaha samatA hI hai- itanA bhara jAna lenA caahie| vaidika paramparA kA RSi bhI 'ahiMsA' kI kartavyatA kA nirdeza karate hue kahatA hai- mA hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni (yajurveda 13/47) arthAt sabhI prANI avadhya haiN| bauddha paramparA ne bhI ukta bhAvanA kA samarthana karate hue kahA janama mA ta pika kI parapiah ThiHI 3 >.

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ahiMsA savvapANAnaM ariyo ti pavuccati (dhampapada, 19/15) arthAt 'ahiMsA' ko eka Arya (zreSThatama) dharma ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki samagra bhAratIya saMskRti ne ahiMsA ko parama dharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| isI dRSTi se jaina va vaidika- donoM saMskRtiyoM meM bhI ise mahanIya sthAna prApta huaa| mahAbhArata ke praNetA vedavyAsa ne kahA thA ahiMsA paramo dharmastathA'hiMsA paraM tpH| ahiMsA paramaM satyaM, yato dharmaH prvrtte|| ___ (ma.bhA. 13/115/23) -ahiMsA parama dharma hai| ahiMsA parama tapa hai| ahiMsA parama satya hai| kyoMki ahiMsA se hI dharma pravartita hotA hai| ____jaina paramparA meM bhI isI taraha ke bhAva prakaTa karate hue ahiMsA ko parama dharma ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gaI hai ahiMsA paramo dharmaH (lATI saMhitA, zrAvakAcAra sNgrh-3/1)| isa dRSTi se jaina purANakAra ne vyAvahArika anivArya hiMsAjanita doSoM kI vizuddhi ke lie, maitrI-karuNA Adi sadbhAvanAoM se poSita ahiMsaka AcaraNa ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai (dra. AdipurANa- 39/143-148) / ahiMsA kI janmadAtrI karuNA hai| komala hRdaya karuNA kA utpattisthAna hai| hRdaya kI komalatA jaba itanI vistRta ho jAe ki usameM svArtha ke jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3oM ke lie koI sthAna na bace to karuNA ke phUla sampUrNa sugaMdha ke sAtha mahaka uThate haiN| vaha hRdaya una phUloM kI suvAsa se sAre jagat ko suvAsita karane ko bAdhya ho jAtA hai| samasta prANa use apanI dhar3akana pratIta hone lagate haiN| ahiMsA prayatnasAdhya nahIM hai, vaha to hRdaya kI vivazatA hai| phira bezaka usake lie manuSya ko apane hI anAyAsa-prApta sukhoM ko hI kyoM na ThukarA denA pdd'e| 'karuNA' kI mahanIyatA ko jaina, bauddha va vaidika-sabhI paramparAoM meM eka svara meM svIkArA gayA hai| mahAbhArata-praNetA maharSi vedavyAsa ne kahA- anukrozo hi sAdhUnAM sumahada dharmalakSaNam (mahAbhA. 13/5/23)- arthAt anukampA, sajjanoM kA mahanIya dharma hai| bauddha sAhitya to karuNA ke yazogAnoM se bharA huA hai (draSTavyaH suttanipAta- mettasutta aadi)| jIpa e 135

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kucha uddharaNa yahAM udAharaNArtha prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM yassa pANe dayA natthi, taM jaJA vasalo iti / (suttani. 1/7/2) - jisake mana meM dayA (karuNA) nahIM, use zUdra (vRSala) samajhanA caahie| bauddha sAhitya 'visuddhimagga' meM kahA gayA hai ki virodhI para bhI karuNA karanI caahie| 'karuNA' ke svarUpa viSaya meM bhI sabhI vicAradhArAeM ekamata dRSTigocara hotI haiN| visuddhimagga (bauddha sAhitya) meM 'dUsaroM ko duHkha ko dekha kara hRdaya ke anukampita hone' ko 'karuNA' batAyA gayA hai| jaina AcArya hemacandra kA bhI yahI abhimata hai dIneSvArteSu bhIteSu yAcamAneSu jIvitam / pratIkAraparA buddhiH kAruNyamabhidhIyate // (haimayogazAstra 4 / 120) - dIna, pIr3ita, bhayabhIta, evaM jIvana kI yAcanA karane vAle prANiyoM ke duHkha ko dUra karane kI bhAvanA ko 'karuNA' kahA jAtA hai| isI vaicArika pRSThabhUmi meM, jaina va vaidika- ina do paramparAoM meM pratyeka se sambaddha eka-eka kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| bhagavAn zrI ariSTanemi tathA zabarI ne apane hRdaya kI karuNA ke samakSa vivaza hokara apanI-apanI prasannatAoM ko tilAMjali dekara mUka jIvoM ke prANoM kI rakSA kI tathA svayaM vana kA mArga cuna liyaa| donoM kathAoM kI samAnatA va ekasvaratA mananIya hai / [1] bhagavAn ariSTanemi (jaina) bhagavAn zrI ariSTanemi jaina jagat ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara the| zaurIpura - nareza samudravijaya unake pitA the| unakI mAtA kA nAma zivA thA / samudravijaya ke laghubhrAtA vasudeva the| zrIkRSNa aura balarAma vasudeva ke putra the / ariSTanemi sAMsArika moha - mamatva se Upara the / yuvA hone para bhI unhoMne vivAha nahIM kiyA / mAtA zivA aura pitA samudravijaya putra kI isa virakti se vihvala the / ve cAhate the ki unakA putra vivAha racAe aura rAjya jaina dharma evaM ki dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 136

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sNbhaale| lekina ariSTanemi ke hRdaya meM na to rAjya kI kAmanA thI aura na hI bhogecchA / sAdhanA ke mArga para bar3hane ke lie ve ucita avasara kI pratIkSA kara rahe the| .. mAtA zivAdevI ne ariSTanemi meM sAMsArika AkarSaNa utpanna karane kA dAyitva zrIkRSNa ko soNpaa| zrIkRSNa ne yaha dAyitva apanI rAnI satyabhAmA ko soMpa diyaa| satyabhAmA ne vAgjAla meM ulajhA kara kumAra ariSTanemi se vivAha kI svIkRti le lii| zrIkRSNa ne yaha susaMvAda mAtA-zivAdevI ko sunaayaa| zivAdevI kA mAtRhRdaya prasannatAoM se cahaka uThA / zrIkRSNa ne jUnAgar3ha-nareza ugrasena se unakI putrI rAjula kA hAtha apane bhAI ariSTanemi ke lie maaNgaa| ugrasena ne zrIkRSNa kI yAcanA ko svIkAra kara liyaa| rAjula ne kumAra ariSTanemi ko mana hI mana apanA pati svIkAra kara liyaa| zrIkRSNa ne ariSTanemi ke vivAha kI taiyAriyAM kraaiiN| sunizcita zubha muhUrta meM yAdavoM kI bArAta jUnAgar3ha ke lie prasthita huii| bArAta meM asaMkhya yAdavakumAra sammilita hue the| isa abhUtapUrva bArAta kA netRtva svayaM vAsudeva zrIkRSNa kara rahe the| AkAza meM devatAoM ke samUha ekatra the| isa bArAta ko dekhane ke lie dulahe ke rUpa meM kumAra ariSTanemi eka vizAla aura susajjita bhavya ratha para savAra the| bAje baja rahe the| masta yAdava huMkAreM bhara rahe the| bArAta jUnAgar3ha kedvAra taka phuNcii| toraNa dvAroM meM yAdavoM ke ghor3e aura ratha praveza kara rahe the| svayaM ko saheliyoM meM chipAtI huI rAjula bhI ariSTanemi kI eka jhalaka pAne ke lie eka aTTAlikA ke jharokhe meM Akara khar3I ho gaI thii| bhArI kolAhala thaa| kolAhala ko cIratI huIM kucha karuNa AvAjeM kumAra ariSTanemi ke kAnoM meM pdd'iiN| ariSTanemi ke lie zeSa kolAhala thama gayA, kevala karuNa cItkAreM ve sunane lge| unakA karuNA rasa se bhIgA hRdaya hila gyaa| unhoMne rathacAlaka se kahA-"ratha roka lo, sArathi! ina karuNa cItkAroM kA kyA rahasya hai, mujhe btaao|" "mAMsAhArI yAdavakumAroM ke lie mUka pazuoM ko bAr3e meM banda kiyA gayA hai|" sArathI ne uttara diyA- "mRtyu-bhaya se kAMpate unhIM pazuoM kI cItkAreM Apa suna rahe haiM kumaar|" dizIya nANDa 137

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"merI zAdI aura hajAroM kI barabAdI!" ariSTanemi ne socA - "nahIM yaha nahIM hogaa| maiM yaha zAdI nahIM kruuNgaa|' "sArathi! isa bAr3e meM banda sabhI pazu-pakSiyoM ko mukta kara do|' kumAra ne Adeza diyaa| sArathI ne ariSTanemi ke Adeza kA pAlana kiyaa| vaha punaH ratha para A baitthaa| ariSTanemi bole- "sArathI! ratha ko dvArikA kI ora le clo| aise hajAroM bAr3e haiM jinheM mujhe kholanA hogaa| aura isake lie sAMsArika bandhanoM ko tor3anA hogaa|" kahate hue ariSTanemi ne hAthoM para bandhe maMgalasUcaka kaMganoM ko tor3a ddaalaa| sArathI ne ariSTanemi ke Adeza kA pAlana karate hue ratha ghumA liyaa| raMga meM bhaMga par3A dekhakara sabhI acaMbhita ho utthe| rAjula staMbhita bana gii| mahArAja samudravijaya, zrIkRSNa tathA anya bar3e bujurgoM ne kumAra ariSTanemi ko lAkha samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA, parantu saba viphala rhaa| una prasannatAoM ko- jinake lie sAMsArika jana sarvasva nyochAvara karate haiM- ariSTanemi ne apane hRdaya kI karuNA aura ahiMsA kI vedikA para nyochAvara kara diyaa| unhoMne sAdhanA kA mArga cunA / Atma bodhakevalajJAna prApta karake unhoMne saMsAra ko satya kA saMdeza diyaa|hiNsaa, atyAcAra, madirApAna Adi burAiyoM kA bahiSkAra kiyA tathA ahiMsA, satya, sadAcAra aura sAdagI kA pracAra aura prasAra kiyaa| lAkhoM-lAkhoM bhavyAtmAoM ke lie ve kalyANa ke mahAdvAra bne| [triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita se] [2] karuNAmayI zabarI vidika) rAmAyaNa meM zabarI ke caritra ko bahuta sammAna milA hai| zrIrAma ko prema-bhakti ke rasa se page jhUThe bera khilAkara vaha bhAratIya janamAnasa ke hRdaya meM amara ho gii| zabarI kA janma nimna kula meM huA thaa| usake pitA bhIla the| jaina dharma evaM padika dharma kI sArakRtika ekatA/138

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ve bhIloM kI eka pallI meM rahate the| isa bhIla samUha ko dharma-karma kA kucha jJAna na thaa| zubhapuNyodaya se zabarI meM bhagavadbhajana kI utkaNThA jgii| vaha rAma nAma ko AdhAra banAkara zrIrAma kI bhakti karane lgii| rAmanAma sumaraNa se anya aneka mAnavIya guNa usake jIvana meM alaMkRta ho ge| zabarI vivAhayogya huii| eka bhIla yuvaka se usakA sambandha taya huaa| vivAha meM bArAta ke bhojana ke lie bhIloM ne aneka pazupakSiyoM ko eka vizAla bAr3e meM banda kara diyA thA / bandhanoM meM tar3apate ve pazu-pakSI karuNa krandana kara rahe the| unake krandana kI dhvani zabarI ke kAnoM meM pdd'ii| zabarI usa krandana ko suna na skii| usakA hRdaya karuNA se bhara gyaa| zabarI ne apanI sahelI se pUchA- "ina pazu-pakSiyoM ko yoM bAr3e meM banda kyoM kiyA gayA hai?" "tumhAre lie Ane vAlI bArAta ke bhojana ke lie ina pazupakSiyoM kA mAMsa pakegA, sakhi! isIlie inheM bandI banAyA gayA hai|" sahelI ne zabarI ko btaayaa| . "merA ghara basegA aura anekoM jIvana ujar3a jaaeNge|" zabarI kA cintana jAga uThA-"merI zAdI aura mUka pazuoM kI barabAdI! maiM aisI zAdI nahIM kruuNgii| maiM Ajanma kuMArI raha jAUMgI para kisI prANI kI hatyA kA nimitta nahIM bnuuNgii|" rAtrI meM zabarI utthii| usane cupake se bAr3e kA dvAra khola diyA / pazu-pakSI svataMtra hokara bhAga ge| zabarI bhI rAtoM-rAta usa sthAna ko chor3akara dUra nikala gii| vaha daNDakAraNya meM phuNcii| vahAM eka jhopar3I banAkara bhagavadbhajana aura RSiyoM kI sevA meM nimagna rahane lgii| isI sthAna para usake hRdaya kI pukAra kI Dora se bandhe zrIrAma usakI jhopar3I meM Ae the aura bhakti-bhAva se pradatta jUThe bera khaaye| zabarI ne apanA zeSa jIvana vahIM vyatIta kiyaa| 000 zigi kANDa 139 dvitIya taNDa 139 -

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prANimAtra para 'karuNA' yA 'anukampA' kA bhAva mAnavatA kI pahacAna hai| nirdayatA to vyakti kI pazutA yA rAkSasI vRtti ko hI pratibimbita karatI hai| vizeSakara, dhArmika ArAdhanA meM agrasara vyakti ke lie to karuNAyukta va ahiMsaka honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| ukta vaicArika svara uparyukta donoM kathAnakoM meM samAna rUpa se anuguMjita huA hai| prastuta kathAnakoM meM se eka meM vaidika paramparA kI zabarI bhaktimArga kI pathika hai to dUsare meM jaina paramparA ke ariSTanemi vItarAga-mArga ke pathika haiN| donoM kI hI maMjila paramapada va mukti prApta karanA hai| vaivAhika jaise mAMgalika avasara para mUka prANiyoM ke prati karuNArdra rahane aura prANi-rakSA ko mahattva dete hue vivAha se bhI virata ho jAne kI jAgarUka mAnasika sthiti ko donoM kathAnakoM ke pramukha pAtroM meM samAnatayA dekhA jA sakatA hai| niSkarSataH donoM vicAradhArAoM ke sAjhe Adarza vAkya 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ko ina donoM kathAnakoM meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| jaina dharma evaM dika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA/1400

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u la sevA hai parama dharma (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) sevA parama dharma hai| sevA dharma kI gaharAI kI bar3e-bar3e yogIjana bhI thAha nahIM pA sake / sevA dharma meM samarpita sevaka svayaM ke sukha aura prasannatA ko vismRta karake sevya ke sukha ke lie Atmotsarga taka kara detA hai| usake lie sevya kI sevA hI zeSa raha jAtI hai, zeSa azeSa ho jAtA hai| usake hRdaya kI ghRNA aura glAni sadA-sadA ke lie vinaSTa ho jAtI hai| usakA svatva sevA bhAva kI punIta yajJa-agni meM svAhA ho jAtA hai| sevya meM hI usakA svatva simaTa jAtA hai / svatva kA parityAga isa jagat kI sarvocca sAdhanA hai| cUMki sevA meM svatva kA parityAga prathama aura anivArya zarta hai, isalie sevA dharma atikaThina hai / prasiddha nItikAra bhartRhari ne kahA hai sevAdharmaH paramagahano yoginAmapyagamyaH / (nItizataka, 52 ) 'sevA dharma parama gahana hai aura yogIjanoM ke lie bhI yaha agamya hai- arthAt isakI gambhIratA ko ve bhI nahIM samajha skte|' saMta kavi tulasIdAsa ne bhI sevA ko atikaThina dharma batAyA hai agama nigama prasiddha purAnA / sevA dharamu kaThina jagu jAnA // dvitIya khaNDa 141

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prasiddha sAhityakAra muMzI premacanda ne sevA ko Ananda kA kAraNa svIkRta karate hue kahA thA-saccA Ananda, saccI zAnti kevala sevA vrata meM hai| vahI adhikAra kA srota hai, vahI zakti kA udgama hai| sevA hI vaha sImeMTa hai jo dampati ko jIvana-paryanta sneha aura sAhacarya meM jor3a kara rakha sakatA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI aMgabhUta jaina va vaidika- ina donoM paramparAoM meM sevA-dharma kI mahattA ko muktakaNTha se svIkArA gayA hai| sarvaprathama vaidika paramparA ko leN| bhAgavata purANa meM kahA gayA hai tapyante lokatApena sAdhavaH prAyazo jnaaH| paramArAdhanaM viddhi taddhi puruSasyAkhilAtmanaH // (bhAgavata pu. 8/7/44) -paropakArI sajjana janatA kA duHkha dUra karane ke lie svayaM duHkha uThAte haiM, parantu yaha duHkha nahIM hai kyoMki unakA paropakAra rUpI kArya sarvAntaryAmI paramezvara kI hI ArAdhanA hai| lokasevA pUrNataH paropakAra kA kArya hai, isalie yaha bhI IzvarIya ArAdhanA kA pramukha sAdhana hai| vizeSakara, apane pUjyoM, vRddhoM aura zraddheyoM kI sevA se to mahAn sukhada lAbha milatA hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai- vRddhazuzrUSayA zakra! puruSo labhate mahat (mahAbhA. 12/215/34) arthAt bar3e-bUDhe logoM kI sevA se mahAn lAbha milatA hai| mahAbhArata meM hI anyatra kahA gayA hai- medhAvI vRddhasevayA (mahAbhA. 13/149/11), tathA buddhimAn vRddhasevayA (mahAbhA. 3/313/48)- arthAt vRddhoM kI sevA se vyakti medhAvI va buddhimAn hotA hai| isI tathya ko manusmRtikAra ne isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai abhivAdanazIlasya nityaM vRddhopase vinaH / catvAri tasya vardhante, AyurvidyA yazo balam // . (manusmRti, 2/121) -bar3e-bUr3hoM kI sevA evaM unake prati abhivAdana Adi vinayapUrNa kriyA karane vAle vyakti kI cAra cIjeM bar3hatI haiM:- 1. Ayu, 2. vidyA, 3. kIrti, aura 4. zArIrika va mAnasika bl| jaina paramparA meM bhI sevA ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| sevA ko vaiyAvRttya nAma se abhihita karate hue isakI mahanIyatA ke > < na gai TkSika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekaI/142

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sambandha meM spaSTa nirdeza uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM diyA gayA hai| vahAM eka jijJAsu vyakti pUchatA hai- bhaMte! vaiyAvRttya (sevA) se kyA lAbha hotA hai? bhagavAn ne uttara diyA haiveyAvacceNaM jIve titthayaranAmagoyaM kamma nibandhai / (uttarA. 29/44) arthAt vaiyAvRttya (sevA) se vyakti tIrthaMkara pada ko prApta karatA hai| sevA kI ukta upalabdhi isakI mahanIyatA ko svataH rekhAMkita karatI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM vRddha-sevA ko mokSa kA mArga bhI batAyA gayA hai (dra. uttarA. sU. 32/3) jaina sAhitya meM yaha bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai ki prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne apane kisI pUrvabhava meM jIvAnanda vaidya ke rUpa meM eka muni tapasvI kI rogopacAra-sevA kA punIta kArya kiyA thaa| bauddha paramparA ke grantha dhammapada meM bhI vRddha-sevA kA phala isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai: abhivAdanasIlissa niccaM buddhaapcaayino| cattAro dhammA baDDhanti Ayu vaNNo sukhaM balaM / (dhammapada. 8/10) arthAt abhivAdanazIla va vRddhasevI vyakti, adhika Ayu, kIrti, sukha va bala ko prApta karatA hai| jaina aura vaidika vAMgmaya se cune gae kucha kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM jinameM sevA kA eka jaisA mAhAtmya spaSTa nirUpita huA hai| [1] nandISeNa muni (gaina) nandISeNa brAhmaNa-putra the| pUrvajanma ke pApoM ke phalasvarUpa, ve atyanta virUpa/kurUpa the| sabhI unase ghRNA karate the| koI una se bAta taka nahIM karanA cAhatA thaa| bacapana meM hI unake mAtA-pitA kA dehAnta ho gayA thaa| ve mAmA ke yahAM rahate the| ve vahAM ghara kA sArA kAma karate tathA dina bhara khetoM para pazuoM ko carAte the| dvitIya rakhaDa/143

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eka bAra mAmA ke putroM kA vivAha thA / nandISeNa ke hRdaya meM bhI vivAha karane kA lobha jagA / usane mAmA se apane hRdaya kI bAta khii| mAmA ne use Azvasta kara diyA ki usakI apanI sAta putriyAM haiM, kisI eka se vaha usakA vivAha kara degA / samaya Ane para, mAmA kI sAtoM putriyoM ne nandISeNa se vivAha karane kI apekSA AtmahatyA ko behatara samajhA / nandISeNa kA hRdaya TUTa gyaa| usane AtmahatyA karane kI ThAna lii| usane ghara chor3a diyaa| eka parvata se kUdakara usane apanI jIvana lIlA samApta karanI cAhI / jyoMhI usane parvata se chalAMga lagAnI cAhI, eka muni kI dRSTi usa para par3I madhura svara se use pukArA- 'rUka jAo vatsa ! isa amUlya mAnava-jIvana ko vyartha hI naSTa mata karo / ' nandISeNa ke kadama ThiThaka ge| pIche mur3akara dekhA ki zAnta - prazAnta eka muni use pukAra rahe haiM / nandISeNa muni ke pAsa gyaa| muni ne manuSya-jIvana kI durlabhatA kA upadeza dete hue use saMyama kI mahimA batAI | nandISeNa ko eka dizA mila gii| sahI dizA dazA badala detI hai / nandISeNa ne munitva dhAraNa kara liyA / unhoMne bele-bele pAraNA karane kA saMkalpa liyaa| guru ne unheM sevAvrata pradAna karate hue kahA" nandISeNa ! sevA parama mevA hai / sevA ko apane jIvana kA sUtra banAo / aglAna bhAva se kI gaI sevA mokSa kA dvAra hai / " guru kI sIkha ko nadISeNa ne AtmasAt kara liyA / ve tanamana se aglAna bhAva ke sAtha glAna, vRddha aura rogI muniyoM kI sevA meM tatpara rahane lge| unakI sevA kI mahimA cAroM ora phailatI gii| eka bAra deva-pariSad meM devarAja indra ne nandISeNa muni ke sevA bhAva kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| eka zaMkAlu devatA ko indra ke kathana para vizvAsa na huA / usane nandISeNa ke sevAbhAva kI parIkSA lene kA nizcaya kiyA / devatA dharatI para AyA / usane eka vRddha glAna muni kA rUpa banAyA aura ratnapura nagara ke bAhara upavana meM leTa gayA / vaikriya labdhi se usane apanA eka anya rUpa - yuvA muni kA banAyA aura nandISeNa ke pAsa pahuMcA / nadISeNa muni abhI bele kA pAraNA karane ke lie baiThe hI the / muni jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 144

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rUpI deva ne karkaza svara meM kahA- "vAha sevAvratI nandISaNa! eka vRddha aura rUgNa muni bAhara upavana meM asahAya par3e haiM aura tuma yahAM bhojana meM masta ho! sevA bhAva to koI tumase siikhe|" nandISeNa zAnta bane rhe| tor3A huA grAsa rakha diyaa| tatkAla khar3e ho gae aura upavana kI ora cala die| upavana meM pahuMcakara unhoMne vRddha muni kI saphAI kii| bole-"Apa upAzraya meM padhArie! mujhe apanI sevA kA lAbha diijie|" muni rUpI deva kupita hokara bolA-"tumheM dikhatA nahIM hai ki maiM kitanA azakta ho cukA huuN| isa sthiti meM maiM eka kadama bhI nahIM cala sakatA huuN|" "to Apa mere kandhe para viraajie|" nandISaNa ne kahA-"maiM Apako upAzraya taka le calatA huuN|" atyanta sAvadhAnI aura vinayabhAva se nandISeNa muni ne usa vRddha muni ko apane kandhe para baiThAyA aura upAzraya kI ora cala die| devatA kI parIkSA abhI pUrNa nahIM huI thii| usane nandISeNa ke kandhe para baiThe hue hI unake zarIra ko durgandhamaya mala-mUtra se bhara diyaa| isa para bhI nandISeNa ke hRdaya meM ghRNA kI eka lahara taka na utthii| devatA nandISeNa ke manobhAvoM kA bArIkI se adhyayana kara rahA thaa| devamAyA se usane nandISeNa ke kadama DagamagA die| kandhe para se vRddha muni ne kaThora zabdoM se nandISeNa kI bhartsanA karate hue kahA- "dekhakara kyoM nahIM calate! andhe ho kyA? sevA ke nAma para tuma mujhe kaSTa de rahe ho|" nandISeNa ne vinamra zabdoM meM kSamA mAMgI aura saMbhalakara calane lge| deva parAjita ho gyaa| usane apanA rUpa pragaTa kara diyaa| mahAmuni ke caraNoM meM nata hokara usane kSamA mAMgI aura unakI sevA kI prazaMsA karatA huA apane sthAna ko lauTa gyaa| isa sevAvrata ne nandISaNa kI kurUpatA ko janma-janmAntaroM taka ke lie dho ddaalaa| AyuSya pUrNa karake ve devaloka meM ge| vahAM se cyava kara vasudeva bane / kAmadeva ke avatAra vasudeva! jo itane surUpa the ki cauMsaTha hajAra striyoM ne unheM apanA pati mAnA thaa| zrIkRSNa inhIM vasudeva kI paTarAnI devakI ke putra the| [Avayaka cUrNi Adi se] kiyA ravA, 115

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[2] vAsudeva zrIkRSNa (vaidika) dhRtarASTra ke putra-moha kI talavAra ne hastinApura sAmrAjya ko do khaNDoM meM vibhakta kara diyaa| pANDavoM ko khANDavaprastha kA bhUbhAga prApta huaa| apane parizrama aura parAkrama se pANDavoM ne indraprastha nAmaka sundara nagara bsaayaa| nagara ke madhya meM banA rAjamahala atIva bhavya aura camatkArika kalAoM se yukta thaa| __mahala ke udghATana/praveza-divasa para mahArAja yudhiSThira ne anekoM rAjAoM mahArAjAoM, RSiyoM aura pArivArika bandhu-bAndhavoM ko AmaMtrita kiyaa| vAsudeva zrIkRSNa isa samAroha ke mukhya atithi the| bhoja kA Ayojana cala rahA thaa| zrIkRSNa yudhiSThira ke pAsa Ae aura bole-"bar3e bhaiyA! sabhI loga kisI na kisI kArya meM juTe hue haiN| maiM khAlI huuN| mujhe bhI koI kArya btaaie|" "vAsudeva!'' yudhiSThira ne atyanta vinamratA aura prema se kahA"Apa to pUjya haiN| rAjAdhirAja vAsudeva samrATa haiN| Apa siMhAsana para viraajie| Apake zrIcaraNa to sevya haiN|" yudhiSThira kA uttara sunakara zrIkRSNa santuSTa nahIM hue| ve sabakI AMkha bacAkara usa sthAna para pahuMce jahAM paMktiyoM meM baiThe RSi jana aura sAdhAraNa jana virAjamAna the| unhoMne sabhI ke caraNa dhoe| unhoMne dekhAkoI sabjI parosa rahA hai, koI roTI to koI miSTAnna / sampUrNa kArya ucita vidhi se cala rahA hai| tabhI unhoMne dekhA- jUThI pattaleM uThAne vAlA vahAM koI nahIM hai| phira kyA thA- trikhaNDAdhIza vAsudeva zrIkRSNa jUThI pattaleM uThA-uThA kara bAhara yathAsthAna DAlane lge| __bahuta samaya taka zrIkRSNa ko na dekhakara pANDava cintita hue| unheM khojate hue ve bhojazAlA kI ora aae| zrIkRSNa ko jUThI pattaleM uThAte dekha kara pANDava sanna raha ge| yudhiSThira kucha bola na paae| arjuna ne daur3akara zrIkRSNa ke caraNa pakar3a lie aura bole-"vAsudeva! Apa yaha kyA kara rahe haiM? isa kArya ke lie anya aneka sevaka haiN|" D A jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/146 >

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"arjuna! isa meve ke upabhoga meM kyA merA kucha bhI adhikAra nahIM hai?'' zrIkRSNa bole- "mujhe mere bhaktoM kI pattaleM uThAte hue bar3A Ananda mila rahA thaa| tumane anAyAsa usa Ananda meM bAdhA utpanna kara dii|" ___ pAMcoM pANDava bhagavAna zrIkRSNa kI sevAparAyaNatA- bhagavattA ko apalaka netroM se dekhate hue abhibhUta ho uThe the| (draSTavyaH mahAbhArata, sabhA parva kA 35vAM adhyAya) 00 [3] sevAparAyaNa bhaktimatI zabarI (vaidika) zrIrAma kI ananya caraNopAsikA zabarI kA janma adhama kula meM huA thaa| adhama kula meM janmI zabarI ne apane bhItara utkRSTa guNa-samUha ko vikasita kiyaa| bhAratIya janamAnasa meM usakI kIrti amara ho gii| apane vivAha ke prasaMga para nirIha mUka pazuoM kI hatyA kI kalpanA ne karUNAmayI zabarI ke hRdaya ko hilA DAlA / rAtrI ke andhakAra meM zabarI ne gRhatyAga kara diyA / pazuoM ko svatantra karake vaha alakSya mArga para baDha gii| usake kadama daNDakAraNya meM ruuke| usane vahAM aneka RSiAzrama dekhe / zabarI ne vahIM rahakara RSi-sevA kA vrata dhAraNa kara liyaa| lekina vaha yuga jAtIya prathA kA yuga thaa| adhama kula meM janmI zabarI ko RSi-sevA kA adhikAra na thaa| zabarI isa bAta ko bhalIbhAMti jAnatI thii| ataH usane gupta sevA karane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| apane Apako apragaTa rakhatI huI zabarI una mArgoM ko sApha karatI thI jinapara RSi jana idhara-udhara jAte the| vaha jaMgala se sUkhI lakar3iyAM ekatrita karake prAtaH andhere meM hI unheM RSi-AzramoM ke nikaTa rakha detii| usane apane sukha ko bisarA diyA aura dina-rAta isI sevA karma meM vaha tatpara rahane lgii| ___ kaMTIle rAstoM ko niSkaNTaka aura kaMkara-patthara rahita dekhakara tathA Azrama-dvAroM para samidhA kA saMgraha dekhakara RSi jana Azcaryacakita ho pilIya tADa 147

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ge| maharSi mataMga ne isa adRzya sevaka kA patA lagAne kA nirdeza apane ziSyoM ko diyaa| ziSya rAta bhara jAga kara Azrama ke pAsa paharA dene lge| prAtaH bhora meM hI samidhA-saMgraha Azrama dvAra para rakhatI huI zabarI pakar3I gii| ziSya use maharSi mataMga ke pAsa le ge| bhayAtura zabarI ne hAtha jor3akara RSi ko sASTAMga praNAma karate hue kahA " he dayAsindho! mere aparAdha ko kSamA kara do| maiMne apanI sImAoM kA atikramaNa kiyA hai| anya kisI prakAra kI sevA meM apanA anadhikAra samajhakara maiMne isa prakAra kI sevA meM hI mana lagAyA hai| maiM ApakI sevA ke yogya nahIM huuN| mujhe kSamA kara do|" Atmatattva ko pahacAnane vAle maharSi mataMga ne kahA-"zabarI! tuma mahAn bhAgyavatI sannArI ho / tuma mere Azrama kI paridhi meM rahakara hI prabhu nAma kA sumaraNa kro|' maharSi ne apane ziSyoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve zabarI ke lie eka kuTiyA aura anna kA prabandha kara deN| satsaMga zravaNa karatI haI tathA RSiyoM kI sevA karate hue zabarI sukhapUrvaka samaya bitAne lgii| anya aneka RSi zabarI ko zaraNa dene ke kAraNa mataMga RSi se nArAja ho gae aura bhojanAdi to dUra, una se saMbhASaNa taka kA parityAga kara diyaa| mataMga RSi ne isakI paravAha nahIM kii| eka dina mataMga RSi ne paraloka-prasthAna kI ghoSaNA kii| zabarI kA hRdaya jAra-z2Ara ho utthaa| vaha rone lgii| bolI-"nAtha! mujha caraNa-sevikA ko bhI apane saMga le clo| Apake jAne ke bAda mujha bhIlanI kI kyA gati hogI?" "mahAbhAgA! AMsU poNch|' maharSi mataMga bole- "bhagavAn zrIrAma daNDakAraNya meM aaeNge| unake darzana karake terI AtmA kA sadA sarvadA ke lie uddhAra ho jaaegaa|shok banda kara / una dInAnAtha ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa karake unakI pratIkSA kr| avazya terA kalyANa hogaa|' kahakara mataMga RSi ne deha chor3a diyaa| sevA aura zrIrAma kI pratIkSA meM udvigna zabarI samaya bitAne lgii| eka dina vaha tAlAba se jala lekara A rahI thii| udhara se eka RSi bhI khAna karake A rahe the| sahasA zabarI kA vastra RSi ko chU gyaa| RSi krodha se janArga ( dika dharma kI sAMskRtika kA 148)>C

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pAgala ho uThA / usane zabarI ko burA-bhalA kahA aura vApisa lAna karane ke lie tAlAba para gyaa| tAlAba ke jala ko sparza karate hI tAlAba kRmiyoM se bhara gayA aura jala rUdhira ke samAna rakta ho gyaa| yaha saba zabarI ke apamAna ke kAraNa huaa| phira eka dina zrIrAma lakSmaNa aura sItA ke sAtha daNDaka vana meM pdhaare| RSiyoM ke Agraha bhare AmaMtraNoM ko ThukarA kara zrIrAma sarvaprathama zabarI kI kuTiyA meM aae| zabarI kA prANa-prANa harSAtireka se nRtya kara utthaa| apane prabhu rAma ko zabarI ne beroM kA bhojana kraayaa| RSiyoM ke aham gala ge| sabhI ne apanI bhUla para pazcAttApa kiyaa| RSiyoM ke nivedana para zrI lakSmaNa jI ne zabarI se kahA ki vaha tAlAba ke jala kA sparza kre| zabarI ne vaisA kiyA to rUdhira bharA jalAzaya punaH svaccha jala sA bana gyaa| sevA kI mUrti, bhaktiparAyaNA sannArI zabarI ne apane jIvana ke zvAsa-prazvAsa ko sevA aura rAmanAma se jor3akara deha tyAga kiyaa| use paramadhAma kI prApti huii| OOO ___ vaidika va jaina- ina do paramparAoM se jur3e tIna kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiye gaye haiN| jaina paramparA ke 'nandISaNa muni' ke kathAnaka meM nandISeNa atikurUpa aura saMsAra ke ThukarAe hue eka aise yuvaka the jinhoMne AtmahatyA kA nirNaya kara liyA thaa| lekina eka saMta ke nirdeza para unhoMne sevA ke karma ko apanA dharma bnaayaa| unakI khyAti na kevala triloka meM phailI, balki kurUpa nandISeNa se sarvAMgasundara vasudeva kA udbhava huaa| (1)vAsudeva zrIkRSNa, (2)bhaktimatI zabarI-ye do kathAnaka vaidika paramparA se uddhRta haiN| ina do kathAnakoM meM sevA ke mAhAtmya kA samAna saMgAna huA hai / vaidika va jaina- ina do pRthaka-pRthaka paramparAoM se jur3e ina tIna kathAnakoM meM eka hI satya mukharita huA hai / vaha hai- sevA se mevA milatA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa it khaNDa/+5

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pramANita hotA hai ki vaidika va jaina - donoM saMskRtiyoM kI dhArAoM meM eka samanvita mahAsaMskRti kI jaladhArA pravAhita ho rahI hai| donoM saMskRtiyoM kA udgama-srota eka sAjhI mahAsaMskRti hai| isalie ina donoM kI vividhatA meM bhI ekatA pratibimbita ho rahI hai| ___eka bAta aura mahattva kI hai jo yahAM ullekhanIya hai| donoM paramparAoM ne apanI-apanI maulika avadhAraNA ko surakSita rakhate hue isa tathya ko bhI rekhAMkita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki Izvara bhI sAMsArika vyavahAra meM lokasevA ko pramukhatA detA hai| yahAM donoM paramparAoM kI maulika avadhAraNA kyA hai- ise jAnanA yahAM prAsaMgika hai| jaina paramparA kI maulika avadhAraNA hai- uttAravAda, aura vaidika paramparA meM avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai| uttAravAda ke anusAra, saMsArI prANI vItarAgatA kA pathika hokara, kramazaH sAMsArika dazA se Upara uThakara pramukha karmoM kA kSaya karate hI tIrthaMkara yA sAmAnya sarvajJa dazA ko prApta karatA huA, aMta meM paramapada siddha-buddha-mukta avasthA ko prApta karatA hai| sarvocca avasthA meM pahuMcane ke bAda, use saMsAra se kucha lenA-denA nahIM hotaa| vaha saMsAra meM lauTa kara punaH nahIM aataa| lokasevA Adi sAMsArika kAryoM ko karane kA avasara unheM paramAtmA yA tIrthaMkara banane se pUrva hI prApta hotA hai| tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM bhI bhautika deha meM rahane taka ve dharmopadeza jaise parama lokakalyANa kA kArya karate haiN| isake viparIta, vaidika paramparA meM mAnyatA yaha hai ki Izvara yA paramezvara saMsAra-hita kI dRSTi se, vizeSa paristhiti meM pRthvI para avatarita hotA hai aura apanI lIlA se sAMsArika kAryoM meM saMlagna hotA huA dharma kA rakSaNa va saMvardhana karatA hai aura apanA abhISTa kArya saMpanna kara punaH apane loka meM calA jAtA hai| uparyukta kathAnakoM meM vaidika paramparA ke zrIkRSNa paramAtmA yA paramezvara ke avatAra haiM aura ve Adarza lokasevA kA udAharaNa ><< jena harga evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/150

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kriyAtmaka rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| dUsarI tarapha, jaina paramparA ke nadISeNa muni, jo paramAtmA banane kI prakriyA meM nirantara agrasara haiM, lokasevA kA kArya kara devatAoM meM bhI carcita hote haiM / vaidika va zramaNa- - donoM paramparAoM meM adhyAtma-sAdhanA kA antima lakSya mukti kI prApti hai / usa lakSya ko pAne ke lie sAdhanAbhUta aneka sAdhanAeM - tapa, japa, dhyAna, bhakti Adi pracalita haiN| sevA bhI unameM eka sAdhanA hai / isIlie vaidika paramparA ke zAstroM meM sevA ko prabhu kI ArAdhanA batAyA gayA hai| uparyukta kathAnakoM meM isI paramparA kI sevAparAyaNA bhaktimatI mahAsatI zabarI kA jIvana-carita varNita hai jo sevA va bhakti kA Alambana lekara sadgati va mukti kI prApti meM agrasara hai| jaina paramparA bhI yaha mAnatI hai ki vaiyAvRttya / sevA se karma-nirjarA hokara tIrthaMkara (vikala) paramAtmA kI avasthA aura anta meM mukti (sakala / pUrNa paramAtmA) kI sthiti prApta hotI hai / isa prakAra donoM paramparAeM sevA-bhAva ko mahattva dene kI dRSTi se paraspara samAna vicAradhArA kA samarthana karatI haiM- jisakI kriyAtmaka abhivyakti uparyukta kathAnakoM meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| niSkarSataH uparyukta sabhI kathAnaka bhAratIya saMskRti meM samAdRta sevAdharma ke maulika siddhAnta ko hRdayaMgama karAte haiN| dvitIya khaNDa / 151

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kSamA kA apaSTa Adarza (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) kSamA eka viziSTa AtmaguNa hai| kSamA ko zUravIroM kA AbhUSaNa kahA gayA hai| apakArI ke prati upakAra kA bhAva kSamA hai| zaktisampanna hote hue nirbala dvArA die gae kaSTa ko sahaja zAnta bhAva se jI lenA aura usake ahita kA vicAra taka na karanA hI vastutaH kSamA kA sahI svarUpa hai| mAnava meM badale kI pravRtti hotI hai| koI use kaSTa de to vaha badale meM krodhita hotA hai aura use kaSTa dene ke lie prayatnarata ho jAtA hai| kSamA bhI eka badalA hai| utkRSTa badalA hai| kSamAvAn puruSa ko koI kaSTa detA hai to vaha badale me kaSTadAtA ko karuNA detA hai usake hita ke prati cintita banatA hai| kSamA kA mAhAtmya pratyeka dharma-paramparA meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kSamA ko Atmazakti kA hetu batAte hue kahA thAkhantIe NaM parIsahe jinni| (uttarA. 29/46) -kSamA se parISahoM (saMkaToM) para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai| AcArya hemacandra ke mata meM saMyama rUpI udyAna ko yadi harAbharA rakhanA hai to kSamA rUpI kyArI atyAvazka hai- zrayaNIyA kSamaikaiva saMyamArAmasAraNiH (hemayogazAstra. 4/11) / AcArya umAsvAti ke zabdoM meM kSamAvAn vyakti hI dharma ke mUla 'dayA' kI sAdhanA kara sakatA hai- yaH jaina dharma evaM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA, 152

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kSAntiparaH, sa sAdhayatyuttamaM dharmam (prazamarati prkrnn,168)| AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra kSamA-maMDita muni samasta karmoM kA kSaya karane meM sakSama hotA hai- pAvaM khamai asesaM khamAya paDimaMDio ya muNipavaro (bhAvapAhuDa. 108) / kSamA-bhAva kI sAdhanA se bhraSTa vyakti apane krodha ke kAraNa vaira-virodha ke vAtAvaraNa ko baDhAtA huA sabhI mahAvratoM va sadguNoM ko vidhvasta kara detA hai (draSTavyaH praznavyAkaraNa. 2/2 sU. 123)/tathAgata buddha ne kSamA ko parama tapa kI saMjJA dete hue kahA khanti paramaM tapo titikkhaa| (dhammapada. 14/6) -kSamA (sahiSNutA) parama tapa hai| mahAtmA buddha kA spaSTa vicAra thAna hi vereNa verANi sammantIdha kdaacnN| avereNa ca sammantI esa dhammo snntno|| (dhammapada. 1/5) -vaira se vaira kabhI zAnta nahIM hotaa| avaira (kSamA Adi) se hI vaira zAnta hotA haiM- yahI zAzvata niyama hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI kSamA ko mahanIya sthAna diyA gayA hai| vaidika RSi kI spaSTa udghoSaNA hai-mA vidviSAvahai (taittirIyopaniSad, 8/2) / maharSi vAlmIki ne kSamA ko sarvocca pada pradAna karate hue udghoSaNA kI kSamA dAnaM kSamA satyaM kSamA yajJazca putrikaaH| kSamA yazaH kSamA dharmaH kSamayAviSTitaM jagat // (vA.rAmA. bAlakANDa 33/9) -kSamA hI dAna hai| kSamA hI satya hai| kSamA hI yajJa hai| kSamA hI kIrti hai| kSamA hI dharma hai| sArA jagat kSamA se hI adhiSThita hai| . mahAbhAratakAra maharSi vyAsa ke zabdoM meM kSamA tejasviyoM kA teja hai aura 'brahma' hai- kSamA tejasvinAM tejaH, kSamA brahma tapasvinAm (mahAbhArata, 3/29/40) / kSamAvAn sarvatra zAnti va maitrI ke vAtAvaraNa kA saMvardhana karatA hai| isake viparIta, vaira se vaira zAnta nahIM hotA, apitu usI taraha baDhatA hai jaise ghI se Aga bar3hatI hI hai- na vApi vairaM vaireNa kezava vyupshaamyti| haviSA'niryathA kRSNa bhUya evAbhivardhata (mahAbhArata, 5/ 72/63-64) / kSamA dharma ko prANavanta karane vAle kucha mahAn puruSoM ke jIvana ke ve pala yahAM citrita kie gae haiM jaba unhoMne svayaM ko kaSTa dene

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vAloM ko na kevala kSamA kiyA apitu unake kalyANa ke lie bhI ve cintAtura bne| vibhinna saMskRti-saritAoM ke ye kathAnaka rUpI jalAmRta eka jaisA svAda- eka jaisI zItalatA aura eka jaisI sugandha rakhate haiN| vibhinna kAloM aura paramparAoM meM hue ina mahApuruSoM ke hRdayatala se uThe eka hI bhAva kA darzana prastuta ghaTanAkramoM ke darpaNa meM pratibimbita ho rahA hai| [1] kSamAmUrti bhagavAna mahAvIra (jaina) bhagavAn mahAvIra kSamA ke avatAra the| sAr3he bAraha varSa kA unakA sAdhanA-kAla asaMkhya upasargoM aura parISahoM se pUrNa rhaa| manuSyoM, pazuoM aura devoM ne unheM hRdaya-dahalA dene vAle kaSTa die| isa para bhI karuNA aura titikSA ke merUtuMga ve sadaiva avicala-aDola rhe| unake kSamAdharma ko mUrtimanta karatA eka prasaMga yahAM uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kevalajJAna kI sAdhanA meM tallIna the| una dinoM mahAvIra ke dhairya-vIrya aura zaurya kI gAthAeM dharA aura gagana meM vyApta thiiN| devarAja indra ne ekadA mahAvIra kI aDola samAdhi aura unakI titikSA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue kahA- "samasta brahmANDa kI zaktiyAM ekatrita hokara bhI mahAvIra ko calAyamAna nahIM kara sktiiN|" saMgama nAmaka devatA ko devarAja kI bAta para vizvAsa nahIM huaa| usane kahA- "devendra! manuSya kitanA hI balazAlI kyoM na ho, para devazakti ke samakSa usakI zakti nagaNya hai| manuSya devatA se nahIM jIta sakatA hai|" ___ "mahAvIra ananta balI haiN|" indra bole- "vartamAna samaya meM ve sAdhanA rata haiN| apanI zakti kA upayoga ve kaivalya ke sRjana meM kara rahe haiN|kaivly hI AtmA kA lakSya bhI hai| saMgama! mahAvIra ke ke sambandha meM maiMne jitanA bhI kahA atyalpa hai| unakA dhairya aura zaurya aparampAra hai| unakI karuNA aura kSamA kI mahimA akathya hai|"

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"maiM mahAvIra kI samAdhi ko toDa duuNgaa|" saMgama bolA"pArthivadeha mAnava mujhase kadApi nahIM jIta sktaa| mujhe AjJA diijie|" ___ "durAgrahI deva! tuma bhI apanA saMzaya miTA lo|" indra bole"sumerU se TakarAkara rajakaNa kI jo dazA hotI hai, vahI tumhArI bhI hogii|" unmAdI saMgama cala par3A mahAvIra ko calAyamAna karane ke lie| grahoM-nakSatroM kI gati ko bhaMga karatA huA, raudra rUpa lie vaha mahAvIra ke pAsa phuNcaa| avicala mauna-zAMta samAdhistha mahAvIra para saMgama deva ne ghora upasargoM kI jhar3I lagA dii| deva zakti se usane dizAoM ko dhUla se AcchAdita kara diyaa| bhayAnaka AMdhI utthii| mahAvIra ke kAna-nAka aura AMkhoM meM dhUla bhara gii| isa para bhI ve avicala rhe| saMgama ko bar3A Azcarya huaa| - prathama AkramaNa meM viphala ho jAne para saMgama ne atyadhika krodha se bharakara hajAroM bicchuoM, sarpo aura cUhoM kI senA taiyAra kii| bicchuoM ne mahAvIra kI deha para asaMkhya daMza maare| sarpo ne apanA viSa unakI deha meM utArA / cUhoM ne unake mAMsa ko kutara-kutara kara khAnA zurU kara diyaa| mahAvIra kI deha se rakta kI dhArAeM baha cliiN| ina asahya pIr3A ke kSaNoM meM bhI ve zAnta-dAnta va avicala bane rhe| saMgama mahAvIra kI isa akaMpa samAdhi ko dekhakara Azcarya se abhibhUta thaa| usane krodhita hote hue vajradaMta hAthI kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura mahAvIra ko sUMDa meM lapeTakara AkAza meM uchAla diyaa| nIce girane para vaha unakI deha ko pairoM se roMdane lgaa| lekina vaha unakI samAdhi ko nahIM tor3a paayaa| parAjaya ke kagAra para pahuMcA vyakti apanA pratyeka prayatna karatA hai|vhii saMgama ne kiyaa|sher-vyaaghr Adi hiMsa jantuoM kA rUpa banAkara usa ne prabhu ko noNcaa-khrosaa| bhUta-pizAca kA rUpa banAkara klezita kiyA, parantu asaphala rhaa| / pratikUlatAoM meM mahAvIra ko aDola pAkara saMgama ne anukUlatAoM kA Azraya liyaa| devamAyA se mausama ko vAsantI bnaayaa| deva kanyAoM kI vikurvaNA karake nRtya-rAga-raMga kA svAMga 'rcaa| kAmadeva ko bhI kAmonmAdI banA dene vAle rAga-raMga bhI mahAvIra ko DolA na ske|

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prathama dina saMgama deva ne aneka upasarga upasthita kie|lekin vaha mahAvIra ko vicalita na kara skaa| usane mahAvIra ke virUddha lambI lar3AI lar3ane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| yaha lar3AI chaH mAha taka clii| anaginata upAyoM se saMgama ne mahAvIra kI samAdhi tor3ane ke yatna kie lekina vaha asaphala rhaa| deva kA dhairya Dola gyaa| mahAvIra se parAjaya svIkAra karake vaha lauTa claa| saMgama ko lauTate dekha mahAvIra ke netroM meM AMsU bhara aae| saMgama ne lauTakara dekhA |use bar3A Azcarya huaa|usne prabhu se kahA-"bhagavAn ApakI AMkhoM meM AMsU kyoM? aba to Apa kaSTa mukta ho rahe haiN| maiM jA rahA huuN|" __ "tumhAre kaSTamaya bhaviSya ko dekhkr|" mahAvIra bole"saMgama! tumane itane AMsU saMcita kara lie haiM ki unheM bahAne ke lie koTizaH janma bhI kama pdd'eNge| pIr3A meM DUbe tumhAre bhaviSya para dRSTipAta karake merA hRdaya dravita ho uThA hai|" saMgama mahAvIra ke caraNoM se lipaTa kara ro pdd'aa| bolA"mujhe kSamA kara do devAdhideva! devarAja kA kathana akSarazaH satya thA ki ApakI mahimA akathya hai| Apa mahAn haiN| aparampAra haiN|' rotA huA saMgama apane loka ko lauTa gyaa| [2] zrIkRSNa kI kSamA (vaidika) vAsudeva zrIkRSNa jaina aura vaidika- donoM dhArAoM ke svIkRta mahApuruSa haiN| zrIkRSNa tIna khaNDa ke adhipati vAsudeva the| ve apUrva mahimAzAlI aura aparimita balazAlI the| kSamA unakI parama viziSTatA thii| aparimita balazIla hote hue bhI ve sadaiva kSamA kI mUrti bane rhe| unake jIvana ke aneka prasaMgoM se unakI titikSA tathA kSamAzIlatA kA paricaya milatA hai| unakI bidAyagI kA pala bhI unakI apUrva kSamA kA citra prastuta karatA hai| aneka bAra sampannatA ke zikhara se durguNoM kI saritA bahatI hai| yAdavoM ke sAtha yahI ghaTA / zrIkRSNa ke kuzala netRtva kI zItala chAyA meM yAdava kula ne paramonnati kii| sampannatA ke zikhara cuume| sampannatA ke sAtha nA hi TM kI sArain front -

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sAtha yAdavoM meM vilAsitA bhI A gii| dvArikA meM madirA kA praveza ho / gyaa| yAdava madirA ke pyAle meM DUba ge| madirA viveka kI zatru hai| aura viveka kA abhAva-aviveka mahAvinAza kA dvAra hai| . bhagavAn zrI ariSTanemi ne udghoSaNA kI ki dvArikA kA vidhvaMsa madirA ke kAraNa hogaa| zrIkRSNa ne sakhtI se dvArikA meM madirA-niSedha kI ghoSaNA kraaii| lekina bhavitavyatA ke samakSa antataH sabhI ko jhukanA par3atA hai| agnikumAra devoM meM janme dvIpAyana RSi ne dvArikA ko bhasma kara ddaalaa| sahasoM yAdava parivAra bhayAnaka Aga meM jala mre| vAsudeva zrIkRSNa aura balarAma hI isa dAvAnala se baca ske| ve donoM dvArikA ko chor3akara kauzAmbI vana meM phuNce| birjana-ghane jaMgala meM pahuMcakara zrIkRSNa kI thakAna bar3ha gii| zrIkRSNa jinhoMne jIvana meM kabhI thakanA nahIM sIkhA thA, jinhoMne kaMsa aura jarAsandha jaise prabala parAkramI narezoM ko khela-khela meM hI parAjita kara diyA thA aura jo mahAbhArata jaise mahAsaMgrAma meM niHzastra hote hue nirNAyaka siddha hue the, ve Aja kucha hI dUra calakara thaka gae the| pyAsa se unakA kaNTha sUkha gayA thaa|ve eka vaTavRkSa kI zItala chAyA meM baiTha ge| balarAma se bole-"dAU! maiM bahuta pyAsA huuN| eka kadama calane kI sAmarthya mere bhItara zeSa nahIM hai| kahIM se jala kA prabandha kro|" balarAma ne zrIkRSNa ko madhura zabdoM meM Azvasta kiyA aura jala kI talAza meM cala die|kuch dUra eka dizA meM jAkara ve adRzya ho ge| zrIkRSNa leTa ge| sira ke nIce eka patthara kA takiyA lagA liyaa| dhana, vaibhava va aizvarya kI caMcalatA para ve cintana karane lge| unake khar3e hue bAeM paira para dAyAM paira TikA thaa| paira ke talave meM sthita ananta saubhAgya kA sUcaka padama ratna camaka rahA thaa| unakI deha para unakA priya vastra pItAmbara thaa| jaMgala meM dUra eka zikArI-jarAkumAra jo zrIkRSNa kA cacerA bhAI thA, zikAra kI khoja meM bhaTaka rahA thaa| usakI dRSTi vaTa vRkSa kI chAyA meM leTe zrIkRSNa para pdd'ii| dUra se use lagA ki koI mRga vaTa vRkSa ke nIce baiThA hai| paira kA padama mRga kI AMkha pratIta ho rahA thaa| pItAmbara mRga kI deha- pItavarNI deha jJAta ho rahI thii| jarAkumAra ne padama kA nizAnA sAdhakara bANa chor3a diyaa|

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zrIkRSNa ke mukha-kamala se eka Aha niklii| paricita svara sunakara jarAkumAra daur3akara vaTavRkSa ke pAsa phuNcaa| satya se sAkSAt hone para usake kadamoM ke bIce se dharA saraka gii| usakA hRdaya TUka-TUka ho gyaa| vaha daur3akara zrI kRSNa ke kadamoM meM girakara kSamA mAMgane lgaa| zrIkRSNa ne AMkheM kholI aura bole-"jarAkamArA bhavitavyatA ko miTAnA asaMbhava hai| merI mRtyu tumhAre hAtha honI thii| lekina tuma dAU ko jAnate ho|ve merI mRtyuko kadApi saha nahIM paaeNge|ve tumheM jIvita nahIM chodd'eNge| tuma bhAga jaao|duur jahAM dAU tumheM khoja na paaeN|" jarAkumAra bhAga gyaa| apane jIvana para mRtyu ke hastAkSara karane vAle jarAkumAra kI prANarakSA karake zrIkRSNa ne isa jIvana se AMkheM mUMda lii| nikala gae paraloka kI yAtrA pr| svayaM ko mauta dene vAle ke prati bhI karuNA! usake prati bhI kSamA kA bhAva! yahI to vizeSatA hotI hai mahApuruSoM kii| zrIkRSNa jaisA mahanIya vyaktitva phira isa mahAguNa se kaise rikta ho sakatA thA? [3] brahmarSi vaziSTha vidika) brahmarSi vaziSTha sUrya vaMza ke purohita the| ve kAma, krodha aura moha ke vijetA the| prathamataH ve purohita kA pada svIkAra nahIM karanA cAhate karUNAmUrti IsAmasIha IsAI dharma ke pravartaka IsA masIha the| IsA masIha karuNA kI pratimA the| virodhI logoM ne una para aneka atyAcAra kiye, unheM satAyA, duHkhI kiyA parantu IsA ne una kA buTA na socaa| mukhiyA ke jIvana kA antima prasaMga kitamA mArmika hai, pahiye, aura svayaM dekhiye vai kitane kSamAvAna au: IsA masIha karuNA aura prema ke devatA the| lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pUrva ve isa dharA para avatarita hue the| unake bhItara saMcita IzvarIya sadguNoM ko dekhakara logoM ne unheM paramAtmA kA putra mAnA thaa| IsA masIha ne logoM ko prema kA saMdeza diyaa| unhoMne kahA- saba manuSya usa paramapitA paramAtmA kI saMtAna haiN| jAtiyoM, dharmoM aura rASTroM kI sImAeM manuSya ko bAMTa nahIM

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the| kAma aura moha ke vijetA ko kisI pada kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| parantu brahmA jI ne unheM samajhAyA ki sUryavaMza meM zrIrAma avatarita hoMge, ve unake guru kA gauravazAlI pada pAkara kRtArtha ho jAeMge, taba vaziSTha jI ne isa pada ko svIkAra kara liyaa| eka bAra brahmarSi vaziSTha jI ke Azrama meM rAjA vizvAmitra aae| vaziSTha jI ne unakA Atithya svIkAra kiyaa| vaziSTha jI ne kAmadhenu gau ke prabhAva se rAjA vizvAmitra aura unakI vizAla senA kA bhojanapAnAdi se vizeSa satkAra kiyaa|gau kA yaha mahAn prabhAva dekhakara vizvAmitra jI lalacA ge| unhoMne vaziSTha jI se kAmadhenu gau kI yAcanA kii| vaziSTha jI ne vizvAmitra kI yAcanA svIkAra nahIM kii| rAjA vizvAmitra ne kAmadhenu gau ke badale apAra svarNa dene kA prastAva kiyaa|vshisstth jI bole- "rAjan! RSijana gAya kA vikraya nahIM karate haiN| bhale hI usake badale meM unheM sampUrNa dharA kA rAjya hI kyoM na milatA ho|" sakatI haiN| manuSyoM! apane ajJAna aura bhrama ko todd'o| apane hRdayoM se IrSyA ko naSTa karake vahAM prema ke phUla khilaao| kyoMki prema hI Izvara hai| IsA masIha ke ina saMdezoM ko sunakara hajAroM loga unase prabhAvita hue aura unheM Izvara kA avatAra mAnane lge| IsA ne isa bar3hate prabhAva ko dekhakara kucha tathAkathita dhArmika cintita ho utthe| IsA ko yahUdI dharma ke lie khatarA mAnane lge| unhoMne zAsakoM se IsA ke virUddha zikAyata kii| zAsakoM ne IsA ke pracalita rUr3ha paramparAoM kA pracAra karane ke lie bAdhya kiyA aura nirdeza diyA ki ve sadiyoM se calI A rahI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana na kreN| IsA ko ko nirdeza dete hue ve zAsaka yaha bhUla gae ki satya kA parama upAsaka prANa dekara bhI asatya kA sAkSI nahIM ho sktaa| IsA satya ke mArga para DaTe rhe| unhoMne kisI ke kahe kI cintA na kii| vahI kahA jo unake hRdaya ne khaa| vahI kiyA jise unakI AtmA ne svIkAra kiyaa| virodhI baukhalA utthe| IsA ko giraphtAra kara liyA gyaa| unheM aneka kaSTa die ge| isa para bhI ve apane siddhAntoM para aTala rhe| unheM mRtyudaNDa diyA gyaa| IsA masIha ko krUsa para laTakA diyA gyaa| kIloM se biMdhe una ke hAthoM-pairoM se rakta-dhArAeM baha cliiN| usa kSaNa bhI premAvatAra prabhu IsA ke adharoM se ye zabda nikale the Forgive them, Father! They know not what they do. he paramapitA Izvara! kSamA kara denA ina logoM ko, kyoMki ye nahIM jAnate haiM ki ye kyA kara rahe haiN| zatAbdiyoM para zatAbdiyAM atIta ke garbha meM samA gaI parantu prabhu IsA ke ye antimaM zabda Aja bhI unakI bhagavattA kA mukhara gAna kara rahe haiN| 00

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"kAmadhenu mujhe caahie| vizvAmitra ne tevara badalate hue kahA"Apa ise nahIM deMge to maiM ise chIna luuNgaa| rAjA prajA kA svAmI hotA hai| prajA kI pratyeka vastu para usakA adhikAra hotA hai|" "apanA prayAsa kIjie!" vaziSTha jI bole| unhoMne apane yogabala se eka vizAla senA taiyAra kara dii| vizvAmitra kI senA vaziSTha jI kI senA se yuddha kA sAhasa na juTA paaii| vizvAmitra ke ahaMkAra ko coTa lgii| unhoMne vaziSTha jI ko parAjita karane kA nizcaya kara liyaa|" vizvAmitra ne ghora tapa karake zaMkara jI ko prasanna kara liyaa| unhoMne zaMkara jI se aneka divyAstra prApta kara liye| aba unheM vizvAsa thA ki ve vaziSTha jI ko parAsta kara deNge| ve vaziSTha jI ke pAsa phuNce| vaziSTha jI ne apane brahmadaNDa se vizvAmitra ko parAsta kara diyaa| vizvAmitra ke jIvana kA ekamAtra lakSya zeSa raha gayA thAvaziSTha jI ko parAjita karanA / unhoMne ghora tapa karake brAhmaNatva prApta karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyaa| vizvAmitra jI ne maharSi vaziSTha ko aneka prakAra ke zArIrika va mAnasika kaSTa die| ve akAraNa unake jAnI duzmana bane hue the| unhoMne unake sau putroM ko mAra diyaa| isa para bhI vaziSTha jI zAnta-dAnta va kSamAmUrti bane rhe| unheM vizvAmitra para tanika bhI krodha nahIM aayaa| bArabAra kI parAjaya parAjita vyakti ke viveka ko naSTa kara detI hai| usakA lakSya zeSa raha jAtA hai-vijy| vaha vijaya phira kaise bhI prApta ho| maharSi vizvAmitra ne brahmarSi vaziSTha kI hatyA karane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| pUrNamAsI kI rAta thii| cAMda kI cAMdanI sRSTi ke kaNa-kaNa para zItalatA barasA rahI thii| parantu maharSi vizvAmitra kA hRdaya pratizodha kI jvAlAoM se dhadhaka rahA thaa| ve maharSi vaziSTha kI hatyA karane ke lie cala die| maharSi vaziSTha ke Azrama meM pahuMca kara vizvAmitra ne dekhA ki eka sthAna para vaziSTha aura usakI patnI bAteM kara rahe haiN| vizvAmitra ne unakA vArtAlApa sunane kA yatna kiyaa| brahmarSi vaziSTha apanI patnI se kaha rahe the- "isa sundara cAMdanI rAta meM tapa karake bhagavAn ko santuSTa karane kA prayatna to vizvAmitra jaise bar3abhAgI RSi hI karate haiN|' maharSi vaziSTha ke mukha se ekAnta meM apanI prazaMsA sunakara vizvAmitra daMga raha ge| apane jAnI duzmana kI prazaMsA! eka aise duzmana kI DVAnaka kI sArIkAIII 150

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prazaMsA jo akAraNa unakA zatru bana baiThA hai| jisane ahaMkAra ke kAraNa usake sau putroM kI hatyA kara DAlI hai| phira bhI vaziSTha merI prazaMsA kara rahe haiN| aba maiM samajhA vaziSTha jI ke brahmarSi hone kA gupta rhsy| aisA vicAra karate hue vizvAmitra jI ne zastra pheMka diyaa| aura ve AMsU bahAte hue vaziSTha jI ke caraNoM para gira par3e aura apane aparAdhoM ke lie kSamA mAMgane lge| vizvAmitra ke netroM se pazcAttApa ke AMsuoM kI avirala azrudhArA dekhakara vaziSTha jI ne unheM uThAkara chAtI se lagAte hue kahA- "Ao, brahmarSi! pazcAttApa kA jala bar3e-bar3e duSkRtyoM ko dho DAlatA hai|" vaziSTha jI dvArA brahmarSi svIkRta kara lie jAne para vizvAmitra jI ko bar3I prasannatA huii| [4] mAtRhRdayA draupadI (vaidika) mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM duryodhana-pakSa ke sabhI bar3e-bar3e yoddhA vIragati ko prApta ho cuke the| kaurava senA kA antima senApati zalya bhI gira gyaa| duryodhana parAjaya ko sAkSAt dekhakara har3abar3A gyaa| vaha eka jalAzaya meM chipa gyaa| jaya-parAjaya ke nizcita nirdhAraNa ke lie pANDavoM ne duryodhana ko lalakArA / duryodhana jala se bAhara niklaa| antataH bhIma aura duryodhana ke madhya yuddha huaa| duryodhana parAjita ho gyaa| . isa ghora parAjaya para duryodhana ko mahAn duHkha huaa| usake zvAMsa usake kaNTha meM aTake the| usI samaya gurudroNa kA putra azvatthAmA duryodhana ke pAsa aayaa| duryodhana kI durdazA para AMsU bahAkara vaha bolA"yuvarAja! yaha hamArI parAjaya kA kSaNa hai| parAjaya se utpanna isa ghAva ko kaise bharUM! pANDavoM ne mere pitA ko dhokhe se mArA hai| maiM isa bAta ko kabhI nahIM bhUla skuuNgaa| hRdaya cAhatA hai ki pAMcoM pANDavoM ke zIza dhar3a se alaga kara duuN|" . "pAMcoM pANDavoM ke zIza!" pIr3A se karAhate hue duryodhana bolA"mitra! yadi tuma aisA kara doge to mujhe parAjaya meM bhI jaya kA sukha

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milegA / pANDavoM kI jaya mujhase sahana nahIM ho rahI hai| maiM unake kaTe hue zIzoM para dhUla ur3atI huI dekhanA cAhatA huuN|" "maiM pAMcoM pANDavoM ke sira avazya kATUMgA / " azvatthAmA bolA"yuvarAja! Apa merI pratIkSA kIjie / pANDavoM kI vijaya ke vicAra ke sAtha nahIM, apitu pANDavoM ke vinAza ke sukhada vicAra ke sAtha Apa vIragati prApta kiijie|" " zIghratA karo!" duryodhana bolA- "maiM tumhAre Agamana kI pratIkSA kruuNgaa| tumhArA patha maMgalamaya ho / " naMgI talavAra hAtha meM lekara azvatthAmA pANDava-zivira kI ora cala die / andherI rAta meM sainikoM kI dRSTi se bacate hue usane zivira meM praveza kiyA / nidrAdhIna draupadI ke pAMca putroM ko pAMca pAMDava samajhakara usane unake sira talavAra se kATa ddaale| kaTe hue siroM ko lekara vaha tIvra maMsUra maMsUra eka prasiddha santa hue haiN| santa kSamAzIla hote haiN| maMsUra kitane kSamAzIla the, unake jIvana kA prasaMga batA rahA hai: maMsUra AtmA meM paramAtmA kA darzana karane vAle eka sacce phakIra the / ve 'analahaka' arthAt 'maiM hI brahma hUM' kA japa karate the| svayaM ko brahma ghoSita karane vAle isa phakIra se purAtanapaMthI IrSyA se bhara ge| unhoMne khalIphA se zikAyata kI- maMsUra svayaM ko khudA ghoSita karake khudA kA apamAna kara rahA hai| use daNDa milanA caahie| khalIphA ne Adeza diyA- maMsUra ko pahale daNDoM aura pattharoM se mArA jaae| phira bhI vaha apanI ghoSaNA ko vApisa na le to usake hAtha-paira kATa die jaaeN| usake bAvajUda bhI vaha apanI jidda na chor3e to use sUlI para laTakA diyA jaae| khalIphA ke dUsare Adeza kA pAlana karate hue maMsUra ke paira kATa die ge| asahya pIr3A ke kSaNa meM bhI maMsUra ke adharoM para analahaka-analahaka kA svara thA / antataH maMsUra ko sUlI para car3hA diyA gyaa| rakta meM nahAe maMsUra ne apAra bhIr3a para eka dRSTi ddaalii| phira unhoMne AkAza kI ora dekha kara khudA se prArthanA kI "aya khudA! ina logoM ko kSamA kara denaa| inheM sukha se vaMcita mata krnaa| ye mere zatru nahIM, upakArI haiN| inhoMne merI maMjila ko kama karake tumhAre aura mere madhya zeSa dUrI ko miTA diyA hai|" tatpazcAt analahaka-analahaka kahate hue usa sacce AtmajJAnI phakIra ne AMkhe mUMda liiN| svayaM ko mRtyu kA kaSTa dene vAloM ke lie bhI sukha aura kSamA kI prArthanA karane vAle maMsUra sadA-sarvadA ke lie amara ho ge| dhanya hai maMsUra kI titikSA ! kSamAparAyaNatA ! maMgalaprArthanA ! 00

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kadamoM se duryodhana ke pAsa pahuMcA / draupadI putroM ke sira dekhakara duryodhana prasannatA ke sthAna para pIr3A meM DUba gyaa| usane kahA-"yaha merI eka aura parAjaya huI, azvatthAmA!" kahate hue usane AMkheM mUMda liiN| prabhAta huA apane mRta putroM ko dekhakara draupadI ko apAra pIr3A huii|paannddvoN kI vijaya kI prasannatA draupadI ke karuNa krandana se dhula gii| pANDava-zivira zoka meM DUba gyaa|draupdii ke sammukha bhIma-arjuba sahita pAMcoM pANDava khar3e the|bhiim ve kahA- "draupadI! hamAre putroM kA hatyArA Aja sUryAsta nahIM dekha skegaa| hama jA rahe haiM use khojave ke lie "use maiM svayaM daNDita karUMgI!" draupadI ne kahA "aisA hI hogaa|' kahakara bhIma aura arjuna apane putroM ke hatyAre kI khoja karane cala die| zIghra hI unhoMne jJAta kara liyA ki hatyArA koI aura nahIM, unhIM ke guru droNAcArya kA putra azvatthAmA hai| bhIma aura arjuna ne apatyAmA ko khoja nikaalaa| use babdhavoM meM bAMdhakara ve mAvidayAnanda maharSi dayAnanda Arya samAja ke pravartaka the| usake kebaTe meM tAra logoM kI dhAraNA hai ki ve bar3e kaTora hadaya rahe hoco, parantu ye kitAbo dabAtu veTapaTAMga dekheM maharSi dayAnanda eka krAntikArI puruSa the| unhoMne anAvazyaka dhArmika rUr3hiyoM kA khaNDana karake mAvasyaka dharma ke tAttvika rUpa kA maNDana kiyA thaa| unhoMne 'Arya samAja' kI nIMva ddaalii| kurUr3hiyoM aura kurItiyoM ke viruddha AvAja uThAne ke kAraNa aneka purAtanapaMthI maharSi dayAnanda ke zatru bana baitthe| ye loga kisI na kisI taraha maharSi kI hatyA karanA cAhate the| ina logoM ne maharSi ke rasoie ko lobha ke jAla meM phaMsAyA aura use unakI hatyA ke lie niyuka kara diyaa| rasoie ne maharSi dayAnanda ke bhojana meM sIsA pIsa kara milA diyaa| maharSi ne bhojana kiyaa| udara meM jAte hI kAMca ne apanA prabhAva dikhaayaa| asahya vedanA se maharSi chaTapaTAne lge| ssoie kA vizvAsaghAta unase chipA na thaa| lekina ve mauna rhe| rasoiye ne yaha mahApApa kiyA, pArantu vaha ise haz2ama na kara skaa| vaha maharSi ke caraNoM para gira kara apane duSkRtya ke lie kSamA mAmAle lappA usane lAlaca ke jAla meM phaMsane kI apanI kayA kaha dii| maharSi dayAnanda ne jeba se kucha rUpaye nikAle aura rasoie ko dete hue bole"pAcaka! bhAga jAo yahA~ se anyatra / agara loga saccAI jAna gae the ve tumheM mAra ddaaleNge|" AkAza jaise ananta maharSi dayAnanda kI hRdayavizAlatA aura mahAnatA ko dekhakara, AMsU bahAtA huA vaha rasoiyA bhAga gyaa| yaha hai eka aisA udAharaNa jo bhAratIya saMtoM baRSiyoM kI mahAna kararUpA-samA kA sahakhakaSTha se yazogAna karatA hai| 00

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draupadI ke pAsa le aae| bhaya se kAMpate hue bandhanoM meM baMdhe azvatthAmA ko draupadI ne dekhaa| usakI bhRkuTI car3ha gii| AMkhoM meM rakta utara aayaa| usane hAtha meM talavAra lI aura azvatthAmA kI ora bddh'ii| draupadI ne azvatthAmA kA sira kATane ke lie jaise hI talavAra Upara uThAI usakA mAtRhRdaya jAga utthaa| use tatkAla vicAra AyA "draupadI! azvatthAmA to mara jaaegaa| parantu usakI mAtA? usakI mAtA kyA putra viraha meM pAgala nahIM ho jAegI? putra kI mRtyu kA kitanA kaSTa hotA hai yaha maiM svayaM anubhava kara rahI huuN| azvatthAmA kI mAM to nirdoSa hai| phira use daNDa kyoM mile?" eka mAM kA hRdaya eka mAM ke hRdaya ko putra-mRtyu kA kaSTa pradAna karate hue kAMpa uThA / draupadI ke hAtha se khaDga gira gyaa| vaha bolIjAne do ise! isakI mRtyu se daNDa ise nahIM, isakI mAtA ko milegaa| maiM yaha nahIM cAhatI ki jaise maiM apane bAlakoM ke lie AMsU bahA rahI hUM, vaise isakI mAtA gautamI bhI AMsU bhaae| maiM kisI nirdoSa mAtA ko itanA bar3A daNDa nahIM denA cAhatI: mA rodIrasya jananI, gautamI ptidevtaa| yathA'haM mRtavatsA''rtA rodimyazrumukhI muhuH|| (bhAgavata pu.1/7/47) draupadI kI isa mahAn kSamA ko dekhakara azvatthAmA svayaM ke prati AtmaglAni aura draupadI ke prati mahAn kRtajJatA se bhara gyaa| vaha bolA-"devI draupadI! tumhArI isa mahAna kSamA aura asIma karuNA ko sadA yAda rakhA jaaegaa| sAhityakAroM aura kaviyoM kI kalama tumhArI kSamA aura karuNA kI AzaMsA meM sadaiva avizrAMta calatI rheNgii|" 000 krodha va kSamA- ye do viparIta sthitiyAM haiN| jahAM krodha vyakti kI zakti ko kSINa karatA hai aura usake sadguNoM kA nAza kara anekAneka durguNoM ko saMvardhita karatA hai, vahAM kSamA vyakti ko svastha-zaktisampanna banAtI hai aura anekAneka sadguNoM ko janma detI hai| dhArmika ArAdhanA vAle vyakti ke lie to krodha THE ST IMPOR IRRFP !' .II D .

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bhayAnaka duSpariNAma kA kAraNa banatA hai| isake viparIta, kSamA sadgati Adi sukhada va prazasta pariNAma detI hai / sAmAjika va rAjanaitika dRSTi se bhI dekheM to yaha parama satya udghATita hotA hai ki vaira yA krodha se kisI virodha yA kalaha kA samAdhAna nahIM hotA / vaira se vaira baDhA hai aura paraspara vaira rakhane vAloM kI anekoM pIDhiyAM akAla kAlakavalita huI haiM / kintu kSamA se zAnti, maitrI, nirbhayatA, paraspara vizvAsa va udAratA ke vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa hotA hai aura vyaktiyoM meM prema va sauhArda kI sthApanA hotI hai / isa satya ko vaidika va jaina- donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se svIkArA gayA hai| uparyukta kathAnakoM meM kSamA kI mahattA pUrI taraha prasphuTita huI hai| vaidika paramparA ke zrIkRSNa, pANDavapatnI satI draupadI, brahmarSi vaziSTha aura jaina paramparA ke tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kSamA kA utkRSTa Adarza prastuta kara bhAvI pIDhI ko kSamA apanAne kI preraNA dI hai| donoM paramparAoM ke sabhI kathAnakoM meM samAnatayA eka svara se kSamA kI utkRSTatA rekhAMkita huI hai jo donoM paramparAoM kI sAjhI bhAratIya saMskRti meM eka sarvamAnya maulika Adarza ke rUpa meM mAnya rahI hai|

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A prema hai amRta (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) dhana-saMpatti, kula, jAti, zAstrIya jJAna - ye prAyaH vyakti ko ahaMkArI banA dete haiN| vaha ahaMkAra vyakti-vyakti ke madhya eka dIvAra bana kara khar3A ho jAtA hai aura paraspara prema va sauhArda ke vAtAvaraNa ko kSati pahuMcAtA hai| isake viparIta, prema vyakti-vyakti kI dUrI ko kama karatA hai, unake hRdayoM ko jor3atA hai aura sauhArda ke sUtra meM donoM ko bAMdha detA hai / prema hI AdhyAtmika kSetra meM zraddhA-bhakti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| isI zraddhAbhakti kA prabhAva thA ki ahaMkArI duryodhana ke rAjavaibhavapUrNa samasta bhogopabhogoM ko ThukarA kara zrIkRSNa ne vidura-patnI ke hAtha se kele ke chilake khAe / maryAdApuruSottama zrIrAma ne vana meM bhaktimatI mahAsatI zabarI ke bera khAe / jaina paramparA meM candanA ke premAmRta va zraddhA-bhakti-bhAva ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nIrasa bhojana svIkAra kiyA thA / prema parama svAda hai | prema anirvacanIya rasa kA amRta kalaza hai| prema vaha sUtra hai jo hRdaya ko hRdaya se gumphita kara detA hai| kabIradAsa ne kahA jA ghaTa prema na saMcare, tA ghaTa jAna masAna / jaise khAla luhAra kI, mAMsa leta bina prAna // premazUnya hRdaya zmazAna ke samAna hai| jaise luhAra AMca ko 64an pa die op at angsfire vom Tee

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teja karane ke lie yantra dvArA khAla ke gubbAre meM havA bharatA aura nikAlatA hai| vaha khAla zvAsa to letI hai para prANavihIna hotI hai, vaise hI premarahita manuSya kevala zvAsa letA hai| vaha mRta tulya hai| prema parama AdhAra hai| prema ke binA samasta kriyAeM niHsAra haiN| kriyA meM hRdaya-rasa, prema rasa ke saMcAra meM hI alaukikatA ghaTita hotI hai| prema, zraddhA aura bhakti hRdaya ke tala para samAnArthI zabda haiN| yA yoM kaheM ki zraddhA aura bhakti parAkASThA para pahuMcakara prema rUpa meM rUpAntarita hotI haiN| prema kI isa parama mahimA ko saMsAra ke samasta dharmoM aura mahApuruSoM ne eka svara se svIkAra kiyA hai| vaidika RSi kI udghoSaNA hai- priyaM priyANAM kRNavAma (atharva. 12/3/49)- arthAt hama apane priya vyaktiyoM kA hita kreN| paraspara-prema se baMdhe vyaktiyoM ke samAja meM sabhI eka dUsare ke hita-sAdhana meM tatpara hote haiN| phalasvarUpa vaha samAja nirantara pragati va vikAsa ke patha para agrasara hotA hai| bhakti mArga to vizuddha IzvarIya prema kA hI paryAya hai| yaha vizuddha bhaktimaya prema anirvacanIya hotA hai- use zabdoM meM pUrI taraha abhivyakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| nArada bhaktisUtra meM kahA gayA hai- anirvacanIyaM premasvarUpam mUkAsvAdanavat (nAradabhaktisUtra, 51-52) / bhakti yA IzvarIya prema bhakta va Izvara ko ekasUtra meM jor3atA hai| isa prasaMga meM bhAgavata purANa kA yaha padya mananIya hai jo svayaM bhagavAn kI svIkArokti ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai: ahaM bhaktaparAdhIno hyasvatantra iva dvij| sAdhubhistahRdayo bhktairbhktjnpriyH|| (bhAgavata pu. 9/4/63) -maiM bhaktajanoM kA priya hUM aura mujhe bhI bhakta jana priya haiN| isalie maiM bhaktoM ke adhIna hokara pUrNatayA paratantra ho jAtA huuN| merA hRdaya bhakta sAdhuoM ke vaza meM rahatA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI sukha-zAnti kA mUla 'prIti' ko mAnA gayA hai kA ca bhikkhave sukhassa upamisA? pssddhii| kA ca bhiksave passaddhiyA upanisA? piitii| (saMyuttanikAya, 2/12/23) -

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arthAt he bhikSuoM! sukha kA hetu kyA hai? zAnti (prastrabdhi) hai| usa zAnti kA hetu kyA hai? vaha hetu 'prIti' hai| prIti-paramparA kA vizveSaNa karate hue bauddha paramparA meM batAyA gayA hai: pamuditassa pIti aayti| pItimanassa kAyo pssmmti| passaddhakAyo sukhaM viharati (saMyuttanikAya, 4/35/97), arthAt pramoda hone se prIti hotI hai, prIti se zarIra kI svasthatA aura svasthatA se sukhapUrvaka vihAra hotA hai| krAisTa ne prema ko Izvara kA pada pradAna karate hue kahA thA Love is God. prema paramAtmA hai| jaina paramparA meM ahiMsA dharma kI mahattA Adi ke sambandha meM pracu uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| 'prema' usI ahiMsA kI abhivyakti kA viziSTa prakAra hI hai| isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahApIttisuNNo pisunnnno| (nizItha bhASya, 6212) / arthAt prema-zUnya vyakti pizuna hai| vaha nindanIya hai| dhArmika sAdhanA meM to prema-karuNA, dayA Adi sadbhAva atyanta Avazyaka haiM hii| saMta, muni Adi kA hRdaya navanIta (makkhana) ke samAna komala hotA hainavaNIyatullahiyayA sAhU (vyavahAra bhaassy-7/165)| saMta tulasIdAsa jI ne bhI kahA hai- saMta-hRdaya navanIta samAnA / soha-pUrNa hRdaya vAle ve saMtamuni prema-karuNA kI gaMgA pravAhita karate haiM aura krUra se krUra vyakti bhI inake samakSa natamastaka ho jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra nirvikAra the| bhayaMkara caNDakauzika viSadhara sarpa ne unake zarIra meM viSa chor3A, kintu badale meM usane prema kA amRta pAyA, karuNA kA dUdha paayaa| usa dUdha ke prabhAva se viSadhara viSa ko bhUla gyaa| aisA kyoM huA? isalie huA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zarIra kA kaNa-kaNa premAmRta se paripUrNa thA / prANimAtra ke lie prema ke atirikta unameM kucha nahIM thaa| rakta ke sthAna para unake zarIra meM ahiMsA pravAhita thI, ataH ve svayaM bhI premAmRta pI sake aura auroM ko bhI pilA ske| yaha tathya AdhyAtmika prema-bhakti ke prasaMga meM to pUrNataH caritArtha hotA hai|

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AcArya jayavallabha-kRta prAkRta sAhitya 'vajjAlaggaM' meM prema ke svarUpa va suprabhAva ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai: paDivanaM jeNa samaM puvvaNioeNa hoi jiivss| dUrahio na dUre jaha caMdo kumuysNddaannN|| (vajAlagga, 7/4) -pUrvakRta saMskAroM kI preraNA se hI koI jIva kisI ke sAtha prIti se jur3atA hai, vaha dUra rahane para bhI dUra nahIM rahatA jaise candramA kumudavana se| jA na calai tA abhayaM, caliyaM pemma visaM visesei| (vajAlagga, 36/7) -sthAyI prema amRta hai aura prema kI asthiratA viSa-tulya hai| uparyukta prAkRta sUktiyoM kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki prema eka dUsare ko jor3atA hai| candramA va kumudinI ke bIca kitanI jyAdA dUrI hai, phira bhI prema ke kAraNa eka dUsare ke nikaTa hI pratIta hote haiM, yahI kAraNa hai ki kumudinI sudUra-sthita candramA ke udaya se vikasita hotI hai| yaha prema jaba kAla Adi kI paridhi meM baMdhatA nahIM, taba amRtamaya ho jAtA hai| vastutaH prema eka vizuddha va prazasta bhAva hai, bazarte vaha niHsvArtha ho / vaha tyAga, nirabhimAnatA, zraddhA-bhakti, samarpaNa-bhAvanA ke vAtAvaraNa meM utpanna hotA aura bar3hatA hai| apane ArAdhya ke prati prema-bhakti-zraddhA kI bhAvanA rakhakara hama usakI saccI ArAdhanA kara sakate haiN| parivAra, samAja Adi ko paraspara ekasUtra meM jor3ane vAlA bhI tattva hai- prema / prema-bhAvanA hI vItarAgatA ke mArga meM parama vizuddhatA ko prApta kara 'Atmavat dRSTi' bana jAtI hai jisameM samatA ke phUla khilate haiN| vizuddha prema kA janma na saMkIrNatA se hotA hai aura na saMkIrNatA ke lie hotA hai| saMkIrNatA ke bandhanoM kA TUTanA prema kA prArambha hai| yaha prema Asakti nahIM, moha nahIM hai, ataH kabhI kisI ko bAMdhatA nahIM, mukta karatA hai| vaha vyaktitva ke uccatama prasAra kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| isI vaicArika pRSThabhUmi meM bhAratIya vividha vicAradhArAoM vaidika-jaina-bauddha-sikha) se sambaddha kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM jo prema-zraddhA-bhakti ke mahattva ko rekhAMkita karate haiN|

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[1] candanabAlA ke bAkule (jaina) candanabAlA rAjakanyA thii| acAnaka usa para saMkaToM ke pahAr3a TUTa pdd'e| usake pitA kA rAjya naSTa ho gyaa| pitA ko vana jAnA pdd'aa|maataa kA karuNa anta usane apanI AMkhoM se dekhA / durbhAgya kA anta itane se hI na huaa| rAjakumArI candanabAlA ko zAka-sabjI kI bhAMti bAjAra meM bikane kA abhizApa jhelanA pdd'aa| eka dharmajJa seTha dhanAvaha candanabAlA ke sahAyaka bne| lekina seTha kI patnI mUlA ne seTha kI anupasthiti meM candanabAlA ko ghoratama yAtanAeM diiN| DaNDoM se pITakara, usake keza katara ddaale| lauha-zRMkhalAoM meM jakar3a kara use talaghara meM paTaka diyaa| tIsare dina seTha aae| candanA ko talaghara se nikaalaa| ghara meM khAne ko kucha na milA to ghor3oM ke lie taiyAra kie gae ur3ada ke bAkule eka sUpa ke kone meM DAlakara seTha dhanAvaha ne candanabAlA ko de die|gRhdvaar para baiThI candanA prArthanA karane lagI- " he jinezvara deva! mere dvAra para pdhaarie| mujha abhAgina ke hAthoM AhAra lekara merA uddhAra kiijie|" tIrthaMkara mahAvIra una dinoM ghora tapa kara rahe the| pAMca mahIne paccIsa dina se ve nirAhAra-nirjala the| kauzAmbI nagarI ke rAjA zatAnIka se lekara bar3e seTha-zrAvaka tathA zrAvikAeM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra se bhojana ke lie prArthanA karate, lekina prabhu binA bhojana grahaNa kie lauTa jaate| __candanabAlA ne prabhu ko pukaaraa| usake antarhRdaya se AvAja utthii| hRdaya-rasa-prema-bhakti se samanvita pukAra anasunI nahIM hotii| vaha avazya sunI jAtI hai| candanabAlA kI AvAja-pukAra sunI gii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bhikSA ke lie cle| dvAra-dvAra para unake lie AmantraNa the| dvAra-dvAra para dRSTi DAlate mahAprabhu bar3hate rhe| bar3hate rahe unake avirAma caraNa / isI krama meM seTha dhanAvaha kA dvAra bhI aayaa| vaha dvAra jisa para candanabAlA hathakar3iyoM-ber3iyoM meM jakar3I hAthoM meM ur3ada bAkule lie thii| usa dvAra ke samakSa prabhu ke avirAma gatimAn caraNa na ifi IEF ITE ko mArakara >

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vimita ho ge| prabhu ne candanabAlA para dRSTipAta kiyA / prabhu kI kRpAdRSTi pAkara candanabAlA kRtakRtya ho uThI / usakI romarAjI khila uThI / premAzru usake netroM meM macalane lage / tapa ke sumerU tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne apanI karAJjali candanabAlA ke samakSa phailA dii| prema aura zraddhA ke sumerU se candanabAlA ne mahAvIra ko ur3ada bAkuloM kA dAna diyA / ahodAnaM - ahodAnaM ke divya udghoSoM se dig - diganta gUMja uThe / ur3ada bAkuloM ko paramAnna kI bhAMti grahaNa karake tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne pAMca mahIne paccIsa dina ke dIrgha upavAsa ko virAma diyaa| prema-zraddhA kA prasAda - ur3ada bAMkule bhI paramAnna ho sakate haiN| yahI darzana chipA hai candanA aura mahAvIra ke isa prasaMga meM / candanA ne muhAdAyI ko svayaM meM avatArA tathA mahAvIra ne muhAjIvI hokara usa premabhikSA ko grahaNa kiyaa| [Avayaka cUrNi Adi se] 0 [2] zabarI ke bera (vaidika) zrI rAma ke caraNoM kI anurAginI zabarI bhIla kanyA thI / nimna kula meM utpanna hokara bhI vaha ucca vicAroM vAlI mahilA thI / adharma meM lipta apane parivAra kA tyAga karake zabarI jaMgaloM meM rahakara bhagavAn ke bhajana meM tallIna rahane lagI / jAti vaha yuga chUtachAta kA yuga thaa| aspRzyatA kA bolabAlA thA / manuSya se bar3I mAnI jAtI thI / nimna kula meM utpanna zabarI ko ucca meM utpanna logoM kI ghRNA kA zikAra honA par3A thA / jaMgala meM yatra-tatra RSiyoM ke Azrama the / una AzramoM se dUra ekAnta meM eka parNakuTI banAkara zabarI rahane lgii| usake hRdaya meM bhagavat-smaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha santa- -sevA kA bhI bhAva thA / apanI zraddhA - pUrti ke lie usane eka mArga nikAlA - vaha pratidina usa mArga ko sApha-svaccha kara detI jisa para se calakara RSijana khAnArtha jAte the| sUkhI lakar3iyoM ke gaTThara vaha RSi AzramoM ke nikaTa rakha jAtI thI / lekina yaha saba kArya karate hue vaha apane ko chipA kara rakhatI / dvitIya khaNDa 22

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maharSi mataMga isa adRzya sevaka ko dekhanA cAhate the| unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko isakA patA lagAne kA nirdeza diyaa| dUsare dina zabarI ko lakar3iyoM kA gaTThara RSi-Azrama ke nikaTa rakhate hue ziSyoM ne pakar3a liyaa| use maharSi mataMga ke pAsa le ge| zabarI bhaya se kAMpa rhiithii| usane hAtha jor3akara kaMpita svara se kahA-"maharSi! mujhe kSamA kara do| maiM nIca kula meM utpanna zabarI huuN| maiM anya kisI prakAra kI sevA karane yogya nahIM huuN| isIlie maiMne isa prakAra kI sevA karane kA duHsAhasa kiyA hai|" reta kI bhikSA mahAtmA buddha sasaMgha cale jA rahe the| eka bAlaka jisakI muTThI meM reta thA mahAtmA buddha ke nikaTa AyA aura bolA- merI bhikSA grahaNa kIjie, bhaMte! tathAgata ne bAlaka ko dekhaa| usakI muTThI meM rahe hue reta ko dekhaa| unhoMne apanA pAtra usa bAlaka ke sammukha phailA diyaa| bAlaka ne apanI muTThI kA reta buddha ke pAtra meM DAla diyaa| tathAgata kA anusaraNa kara rahA saMgha bAlaka kI dhRSTatA dekha kara krodhita ho utthaa| saMgha ke kucha loga usa bAlaka ko daNDita karane ke lie usa para lpke| usI kSaNa tathAgata bole- "rUka jAo! isa bAlaka ko daNDa dene kA kisI ko adhikAra nahIM hai| isa bAlaka ko diyA gayA daNDa mujhe diyA gayA daNDa hogaa|" una logoM ke kadama ThiThaka ge| ve bole- "bhaMte! jisa pAtra meM uttamottama padArtha DAlane ke lie aMga-baMga-magadha Adi kitane hI dezoM ke zrIsampanna zreSThI aura bar3e-bar3e samrAT lAlAyita rahate haiM, usI pAtra meM isa dhRSTa bAlaka ne reta DAla diyA hai| isakA aparAdha akSamya hai|" __ "zrAvakoM!"buddha bole- "sthUladRSTi uttama padArtha, zrIsampannatA aura bar3e-bar3e samrAToM ko to dekha letI hai lekina jo vastutaH darzanIya hai use nahIM dekha pAtI hai| use dekhane ke lie bhItara kI AMkha kI AvazyakatA hai|" "bhaMte! vaha darzanIya kyA hai jise sthUla dRSTi nahIM dekha paatii|" zrAvakoM ne prazna kiyaa| "vaha hai hRdaya kA prema! kucha dene kI nRtyapUrNa umNg|" buddha bolate cale gae"tumane bAlaka-pradatta reta ko to dekha liyA, lekina tuma usa bAla hRdaya ko nahIM dekha paae| zraddhA kA jvAra thA usa nanhe se hRdaya meN| eka bAlaka ke pAsa jo ho sakatA hai, vahI to vaha degaa| isa bAlaka ke pAsa reta thii| usane mujhe denA caahaa| usakA bhAva dekha kara usakA prema-dAna grahaNa karane ke lie merA pAtra svataH usake samakSa phaila gyaa| usake nanhe hRdaya-sAgara meM uThI Ananda kI urmiyoM ko sparza kara mujhe bhI bar3A sukha milaa| vaha bAlaka daNDanIya nahIM- arcanIya hai|" tathAgata kA upadeza sunakara saMgha ne apanI bhUla ke lie prAyazcitta kiyaa| jana ga evaM rAdhika praga kI sAskRtika prakAra

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prasanna hue / unhoMne ziSyoM se kahA- "isa bhAgyavatI nArI ko Azrama ke nikaTa rahane ko sthAna- kuTI de do tathA isake lie anAdi kA ucita prabaMdha kara do / " J bhagavAn kI bhakti meM tallIna, RSiyoM kI sevA karatI huI zabarI apane jIvana ko dhanya banA rahI thI / inhIM dinoM udhara yaha sUcanA phaila gaI ki dazaratha nandana zrIrAma apanI bhAryA aura bhAI sahita usa jaMgaladaNDakAraNya meM AeMgeM / bhagavAn zrI rAma ke svAgata aura unakI mejabAnI ke lie sabhI AzramAdhipati RSi utsuka ho ge| sabhI ne apane-apane AzramoM ko lIpa-pota kara sajAyA / pratyeka RSi ko yaha vizvAsa thA ki zrIrAma usI ke Azrama meM aaeNge| isake lie ve dAve bhI karate the / zabarI kA to mana - mana ullasita ho uThA thA / use dRr3ha zraddhA thI ki zrI rAma usakI jhopar3I meM aaeNge| vaha prati dina usa mArga ko buhArI jisa se rAma Ane vAle the| usa mArga para phUla bichAtI / jaMgala se madhura madhura phala saMcita karake rakhatI / pratidina kA yaha krama bana gayA thA zabarI kA / usake prANa-prANa meM pala-pala zrI rAma ke lie pukAra thI / eka kSaNa bhI vaha zrI rAma ko vismRta nahIM karatI thI / Akhira eka dina zrI rAma kA Agamana huA / bar3e-bar3e nAma tapasvI RSiyoM ke Avedana ThukarAte aura susajjita AzramoM ko lAMghate zrI rAma ke caraNa zabarI kI jhopar3I para pahuMce / bhAvavihvala banI zabarI zrI rAma ko apane dvAra para dekhakara aga-jaga saba bhUla gaI / usakA harSa usakI hRdaya - gagarI meM nahIM samA rahA thaa| rAmacaritamAnasa meM saMta sulasIdAsa jI zabarI kI prema-bhaktipUrNa sthiti kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA haiHprema magana mukha vacana na AvA puni-puni pada - saroja sira nAvA // (rAmacaritamAnasa, araNya kANDa, 33 /5) zabarI ne bhagavAn ko bar3e zraddhAbhAva se baiThAyA / pazcAt vaha unheM bhojana karAne lagI / isa bhAva se ki kahIM usake beroM meM koI bera khaTTA na ho, pahale vaha svayaM cakhatI phira zrIrAma ke hAtha para rakhatI / prema aura bhakti se fon s 3

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paripUrNa una jUThe beroM ko zrI rAma bar3e bhAva se khAne lage: kandamUla phala surasa ati, die rAma kahuM Ani / prema sahita prabhu khAe vAraMbAra bakhAni (araNya. 34 ) / kahate haiM ki zrI rAma ko bhojana kA vaisA Ananda kabhI na AyA thaa| ve sadaiva zabarI ke beroM ke svAda kI prazaMsA karate / tulasIdAsa jI kI bhASA meM ghara, guru gRha, priya sadana, sAsure bhai jaba jahaM pahunAI / taba tahaM kahi, sabarI ke phalani kI rUci mAdhurI na pAI // yaha AsvAda beroM kA na thA / yaha AsvAda thA prema kA / bhakti kaa| jaba taka yaha dharatI aura isa para sRSTi rahegI, taba taka zabarI aura usake beroM kI carcA hotI rhegii| yuga badala jAte haiM / pratyeka prANI aura vastu kA svarUpa badala jAtA hai parantu prema aura bhakti sadaiva aparivartanazIla nUtana rahatI hai / usakI mahimA ko pauMchane kI zakti kAla meM bhI nahIM hai / 00 [3] vidura- patnI (vaidika) vanavAsa-kAla kI samApti para pANDavoM ne duryodhana se apanA rAjya maaNgaa| duryodhana ne eka sUI kI noka Tike, itanA rAjya bhI dene se inkAra kara diyA / nyAya aura anyAya meM dvandva claa| yuddha kI Thana gaI / bhAratavarSa ko mahAvinAza se bacAne ke lie vAsudeva zrIkRSNa zAntidUta banakara hastinApura gae / zrIkRSNa ko prabhAvita karane ke lie duryodhana ne unake svAgata ke lie hastinApura ko dulhana kI taraha sajAyA / mArga para puSpa bichavAe / sthAna-sthAna para dvAra sjvaaeN| apane bhAiyoM sahita vaha zrIkRSNa ke svAgata ke lie nagara-dvAra taka gyaa| zrIkRSNa Ae / hastinApura meM unheM abhUtapUrva svAgata milA / usa svAgata meM chipA kapaTa zrIkRSNa jAnate the / duryodhana ne kRtrima vinaya bhAva pradarzita karate hue zrIkRSNa ko apane mahala meM Amantrita kiyA / janamadhika kI sAskRtika ekatA

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sahajatA se sabhI prastAvoM ko mauna dete hue zrIkRSNa ke kadama bar3hate rhe| kisI ajJAta pukAra kI Dora se bandhe ve khiMce cale jA rahe the| hastinApura kA AbAlavRddha zrIkRSNa ke darzanoM ke lie rAjamArga para utara AyA thaa| hastinApura ke mahAmaMtrI mahAtmA vidura kI patnI apanI parNakuTI ke dvAra para baiThI zrIkRSNa kI pratIkSA kara rahI thii| vaha vicAroM meM lIna thIMkyA ve dIna-bandhu mere dvAra para bhI AeMgeM? mArga meM susajjita aTTAlikAeM kyA unake lie bAdhA nahIM bana jAeMgIM? usakI roma-roma prArthanA se bhara gayA-"madhusUdana! merI kuTI kA eka-eka tRNa tumhAre darza ko pyAsA hai| apanI pagadhUli se isa kuTI ko pAvana kro| A jAo vAsudeva! giridhara! rAjAdhirAja vAsudeva!" gurunAnakadeva guru nAnaka deva sikhoM ke prathama guru the| ve satya, ahiMsA aura mAnavatA ke avatAra the| unhoMne svayaM kaSTa sahakara bhI mAnava-samAja ko satya dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| guru nAnaka eka bAra eka gAMva meM ge| eka nirdhana bhakta ke ghara tthhre| pratidina upadeza karane lge| saikar3oM grAmavAsI usa nirdhana ke AMgana meM guru nAnaka kA satsaMga sunte| usa gAMva meM eka dhanI seTha rahatA thaa| logoM ko lUTa-lUTa kara usane bahuta dhana jamA kara liyA thaa| dhana ahaMkAra paidA karane vAlA hotA hai| usa seTha ko bhI bar3A ahaM thaa| vaha svayaM ko grAma kA sabase bar3A AdamI samajhatA thaa| usa seTha ko yaha jAnakAra ki amuka nirdhana vyakti ke AMgana meM pratidina guru nAnaka deva satsaMga karate haiM, bar3I irSyA huii| usane nAnaka deva ko apane ghara bulAne kA nizcaya kara liyaa| seTha guru nAnaka ke pAsa phNcaa| satsaMga sunaa| tatpazcAt usane nAnaka deva se apane ghara bhojana karane kA Agraha kiyaa| nAnaka deva ne usake AmaMtraNa ko asvIkAra kara diyaa| isase usa seTha ke ahaMkAra ko coTa lgii| usane adhIra hote hue guru nAnaka se kahA- "gurudeva! Apa merI bhakti ko ThukarA kyoM rahe haiN| mere bhojana meM kyA kamI hai?" "dekhanA cAhate ho!" guru nAnaka deva bole- "aisA karo ki tuma mere lie yahIM bhojana le aao| tumhAre bhojana kI asvIkRti kA kAraNa tuma apanI AMkha se dekha skoge|" dhanI seTha ne vibhinna pakavAna taiyAra kraae| cAMdI ke bartanoM meM bhojana lekara vaha guru nAnaka deva ke pAsa phuNcaa| taba taka nirdhana bhakta bhI guru nAnaka ke lie rUkhI roTI le AyA thaa| guru nAnaka ne eka hAtha se nirdhana vyakti kI roTI pakar3I tathA dUsare hAtha meM usa dhanI ke vibhinna pakavAna lie| unhoMne apanI donoM muTThiyAM bhiiNciiN| nirdhana bhakta kI rakhI roTI se dugdhadhAra baha clii| usa dhanI ke bhojana se rakta kI dhAra niklii|

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bhakta hRdayoM se uThI prArthanAeM sadaiva svIkRta hotI haiN| zrIkRSNa vidura kI kuTI ke samakSa pahuMca ge| vidurAnI ananta harSa se AhlAdita ho utthii| harSa ke tIvra vega ne usakI samajha ko kuNThita kara diyaa| vaha bhAna bhUla gaI use kyA karanA cAhie, kucha jJAta na rhaa| "bUA! maiM bhUkhA huuN|kuch khAne ko do|" dvAra para khar3e zrIkRSNa ne vidura-patnI kI zraddhA-tandrA ko todd'aa| ___ "Aie, vAsudeva! padhArie! virAjie!" vidarapatnI ne eka paTar3I rakha dii| zraddhA ke Aveza meM use itanA bhI bhAna nahIM thA ki paTar3I ulTI hai yA sIdhI / zrIkRSNa ulaTI paTar3I para baiTha ge| vidura-patnI ne idhara-udhara dekhA / keloM ke atirikta vahAM kucha bhI khAdya-sAmagrI na thii| usane kele uThAe aura zrIkRSNa ke samIpa dharA para baiTha gii| vaha svayaM kele chIlane lgii| usane kele kI garI ko nIce DAla diyA aura chilakA zrIkRSNa ke phaile hue hAtha para dhara diyaa| zrIkRSNa bhI vidUrAnI ke hRdaya se uThe bhakti ke teja pravAha meM baha ge| unheM bhI yaha bhAna nahIM rahA ki ve kyA khA rahe haiN| bhaktina bhakti-sAgara meM DUbI huI kele ke chilake khilAtI rahI aura bhagavAn khAte rhe| khilAne vAlI ko yaha jJAta nahIM thA ki vaha kyA khilA rahI hai aura khAne vAle ko bhI sudha nahIM thI ki vaha kyA khA rahA hai| donoM premadAna tathA prema-sudhApAna meM tanmaya the| akasmAt vidura jI A ge| unhoMne ulTI pIDhI para baiThe kele ke chilake khAte zrIkRSNa ko dekhaa| ve staMbhita ho ge| unhoMne patnI ko DAMTA- "kyA kara rahI ho? zrIkRSNa ko kele ke chilake khilA rahI ho?" saikar3oM grAmavAsiyoM ke samakSa dhanI seTha lajjita ho gyaa| guru nAnaka deva ne kahA- "mere asvIkAra kA kAraNa spaSTa ho cukA hai| tumhArA bhojana anyAya se arjita dhana se taiyAra huA hai| aura isa nirdhana kA bhojana zrama aura nyAya se niSpanna hai| isalie tumhArA bhojana mere lie besvAda aura agrAhya hai| zrama-saMcita anna se taiyAra isa nirdhana kA bhojana rUkhA- sUkhA hote hue bhI mere lie amRta hai| isa nirdhana ke prema aura bhakti ne isa rUkSa bhojana ko amRta banA diyA hai|" ___ "seTha! ahaMkAra amRta ko bhI viSa banA detA hai| prema viSa ko bhI amRta meM badala detA hai|" seTha ko satya kI pahacAna milii| usakA dhana nirdhana ke dhana-premadhana ke samakSa parAjita ho gayA thaa| janama tAlima kI samaskIna nA -

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eka jhaTake se vidurAnI kA dhyAna TUTA / apanI bhayAnaka bhUla para use mahAn duHkha huaa| usake netroM se Tapa-Tapa AMsU Tapakane lge| isa bAra usane kelA chiilaa| chilakA nIce DAla diyA aura kelA zrIkRSNa ke hAtha para rakha diyaa| zrIkRSNa ne kelA khaayaa| unhoMne gardana hilA dI aura bole"aba vaha svAda nahIM rhaa| vidura jI! Apa bar3e bemauke para A ge| Aja to maiM vaha bhojana kara rahA thA jisake lie maiM sadaiva atRpta rahatA huuN| una chilakoM se Aja jo svAda mujhe mila rahA thA, vaisA svAda to mohana bhogoM se bhI Aja taka prApta nahIM huA" jisa bhojana meM bhakti kA svAda mila jAe, vaha bhojana dekhane meM atisAdhAraNa hokara bhI amRta hotA hai| yahI darzana vidurAnI ke chilakoM se niHsRta huA thaa| 000 Upara prastuta sabhI kathAnakoM meM eka hI tathya mukharita hotA hai ki prema hI amRtamaya parama AsvAda hai| zabarI ke bera, vidurAnI ke kele ke chilake, candanA ke ur3ada bAkule, nirdhana bhakta kI sUkhI roTI tathA nanhe bAlaka dvArA dI gaI reta kI bhikSA- ye vastueM ArAdhya ko premapUrvaka samarpita kI gaI haiN| vastueM jarUra sAdhAraNa haiM kintu dene vAle kI premabhAvanA asAdhAraNa hai| sAdhAraNa vastuoM ke dAna se bhI ghaTanAeM asAdhAraNa bana giiN| vastutaH prema amRta hai, usakA pAvana sparza pAkara pratyeka vastu asAdhAraNa bana jAtI hai| nissandeha premapUrNa samarpaNa meM zraddhA-bhakti ke sAtha-sAtha nizchalatA, nirabhimAnatA va tyAga kI pAvana bhAvanA jur3I huI hai jisake kAraNa, samarpita kI jAne vAlI vastu kA mahattva nahIM raha jAtA, mahattva rahatA hai to bhakta ke udAra virAT hRdaya kA aura use usI udAratA se svIkAra karane vAle kI sahaja nizchalatA kaa| vahAM prema ke dharAtala para ArAdhya va ArAdhaka- donoM meM eka sUkSma-sI abheda sambandha kI rekhA sthApita ho jAtI hai| ukta satya uparyukta sabhI kathAnakoM meM samAnarUpa se mukhara huA hai| rijAla ra sArA :--

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praddhA kA camavAra -- (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) zraddhA yadi aDola-akaMpa ho to apUrva camatkAra ghaTatA hai| zraddhA ke pradIpa meM yadi dhairya kA ghRta DAlA jAe to divya Aloka kA janma hotA hai| zraddhA parama zakti svarUpA hai| usa ke bala para AtmA paramAtmA ko aura nara nArAyaNa ko avatarita kara letA hai| asaMbhava saMbhava ho jAtA hai| zraddhA kI mahattA va upayogitA ke samarthana meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI aMgabhUta sabhI vicAradhArAoM meM pracura pramANa upalabadha haiN| zraddhA kA sambandha manuSya ke hRdaya-pakSa se hai| upaniSad ke RSi kA kathana hai- hRdaye hyeva zraddhA pratiSThitA bhvti| (bRhadA. upa. 3/9/21) / arthAt zraddhA hRdaya meM pratiSThita hotI hai| tarkazIla mastiSka se vaha utpanna nahIM hotii| zraddhA kA viSaya isIlie 'atarksa' hotA hai| isIlie zraddhA se jur3e aura viziSTa prANiyoM dvArA viziSTa paristhitiyoM meM anubhUta camatkAroM kI bhI tArkika dRSTi se vyAkhyA prAyaH saMbhava nahIM ho paatii| zraddhA ke laukika va AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyoM ke viSaya meM vaidika paramparA meM upalabdha kucha uddharaNa yahAM prAsaMgika haiM: zraddhayA satyamApyate (yajurveda, 19/30) / - zraddhA se 'satya' kA sAkSAtkAra yA usakI upalabdhi hotI hai| zraddhayA vindate vasa (Rgveda, 40/151) / - zraddhA se lakSmI milatI hai| nAma TET ko sarakAra IIT

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zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnam (gItA, 4/39) / -zraddhAvAn vyakti hI jJAna prApta karatA hai| etaM lokaM zraddadhAnAH sacante (atharva. 6/122/3) / -zraddhAlu vyakti hI isa saMsAra kA sukha prApta kara pAte haiN| zraddhAmayo'yaM puruSo yo yacchraddhaH sa eva saH (gItA 17/3) / -yaha puruSa zraddhAmaya hai| vaha jisakI (jisake prati zraddhA karatA hai, usI ke svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI zraddhA ko mukti meM upakArI mAnA gayA hai:saddhAya tarati oghN| (suttanipAta, 1/10/4) - zraddhA se prANI bhavasAgara ko taira jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM mukti-mArga 'ratnatraya' ke aMgabhUta tInoM ratnoM meM 'samyakazraddhAna' ko parigaNita kara, sAdhaka ke lie zraddhAvAn honA prArambhika rUpa se anivArya mAnA gayA hai- samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokssmaargH| tattvAryazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam (tattvArthasUtra- 1/1-2) AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai- sahI ANAe mehAvI (AcArAMga, 1/3/4), arthAt arhanta kI AjJA/upadeza para zraddhAzIla vyakti meghAvI hotA hai| paramezvara kA stuti-gAna karane vAle AcAryoM va kaviyoM ne paramezvarIya zraddhA ke cAmatkArika svarUpa ko ina zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai:tvannAmakIrtana-jalaM zamayatyazeSaM dAvAnalam / (bhaktAmara stotra-40) -he paramezvara! tIrthaMkara! tumhAre nAma kA kIrtana rUpI jala samasta kalpAntakArI vizvasaMhAraka dAvAnala ko bhI zAnta kara detA hai| ciThThau dUre maMto tujjha paNAmo vi bahuphalo hoi| naratiriesu vi jIvA pAvaMti na dukkhdohggN|| (A. bhadrabAhu-kRta upasargahara stotra) - namaskAra maMtra kI to bAta dUra kI hai, he paramezvara / Apake prati kiyA gayA namaskAra bhI anekAneka phaloM ko pradAna karatA hai| bhaktibhAva se namaskAra karane vAle prANI tiryaca Adi yoniyoM meM kabhI duHkha va durbhAgya ko prApta nahIM krte| cUMki jaina paramparA meM paramezvara prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha meM hastakSepa nahIM karatA, vaha to saMsArAtIta hotA

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hai, isalie ukta camatkArika lAbha hone kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI jAtI hai- paramezvara kI ArAdhanA se AtmIya bhAvAtmaka pariNAma prazasta hote jAte haiM aura phalasvarUpa azubha karmoM kI mandatA va zubha karmoM kI prabalatA hotI jAtI hai, jisase samasta saMkaToM kA vinAza sambhava ho jAtA hai| uparyukta zraddhA-bhakti se sambaddha camatkAroM kA varNana bhAratIya sAhitya meM pracuratayA prApta hotA hai| nizcita hI inheM prAcIna manISiyoM dvArA anubhUta satya ke rUpa meM mAnane ke lie hama bAdhya haiN| vaidika paramparA ke Izvara kI to spaSTa udghoSaNA hai- 'na me bhaktaH praNazyati' (gItA, 9//31)arthAt 'merA bhakta kabhI vinAza ko prApta nahIM hotA', use koI kSati nahIM ho paatii| aura bhI- ananyAzcintayanto mAM ye janAH pryupaaste| teSAM nityAbhiyuktAnAM yogakSemaM vahAmyaham (gItA, 9/22)- arthAt ananyacitta se jo bhakta-zraddhAlu merI upAsanA karate haiM, una ke yoga-kSema kI sArasambhAla maiM karatA huuN| yoga-kSema se tAtparya hai- nayI abhISTa upalabdhiyoM kI prApti, tathA prApta upalabdhiyoM kI rakSA / niSkarSa yaha hai ki bhakta kabhI saMkaToM kA sAmanA nahIM karatA, yadi saMkaTa A bhI jAeM to bhakti-bhAva ke adhIna paramezvara kI kRpA se ve saMkaTa naSTa ho jAte haiM- yahI zraddhA-bhakti kA camatkArI svarUpa hai jo vaidika paramparA meM mAnya hai| zraddhA kI aDolatA se hone vAle camatkAroM kI puSTi karane vAle do kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| abhayakumAra kA kathAnaka jaina paramparA se sambaddha hai to bhakta prahalAda kA kathAnaka vaidika paramparA se sambaddha hai| bhakta yA sAdhaka ke jIvana meM zraddhA-bhakti ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI kucha camatkAra ghaTita hote haiM, usI kA nidarzana ina kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se karAyA jA rahA hai| zraddhAjanita camatkArapUrNa ghaTanA kI dRSTi se ina kathAnakoM kI samAnatA draSTavya hai| [1] amarakumAra (jaina) rAjagRha nagara meM RSabhadatta nAma kA eka nirdhana brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usake ATha putra the| usake sabase choTe putra kA nAma amarakumAra thaa| yaha parivAra atyanta daridratA meM jIvana bitA rahA thaa| daridratA ke sajana gaNa vika Ama kI sArakRtika kaHI1800

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kAraNa parivAra ke pratyeka sadasya ko peTa bharane ke lie kucha na kucha kArya karanA par3atA thaa| - amarakumAra jaMgala meM r3hAka-pAta baTora kara zahara jAtA thaa| use beca kara vaha canda paise prApta karatA thaa| jisa dina vaha 'kAma' nahIM karatA thA, usa dina use bhojana nahIM milatA thaa| eka bAra jaMgala meM eka munisaMgha dizAbhrama ke kAraNa bhaTaka gyaa| mArga batAne vAlA koI na thaa| sahasA muni -pramukha kI dRSTi bAlaka amarakumAra para pdd'ii| muni amarakumAra ke nikaTa Ae aura bole- "bAlaka tuma kauna ho?" "merA nAma amarakumAra hai|" "kahAM rahate ho?" "rAjagRha nagara meN|" "kyA hameM rAjagRha kA mArga batAoge?" "kyoM nahIM?" amarakumAra bolA- "calie mere saath| maiM Apako rAjagRha taka kA mArga batA detA huuN|' muni-saMgha amarakumAra kA anugamana karatA huA rAjagRha pahuMca gyaa| muni-pramukha ne amarakumAra ko sAdhuvAda diyA aura pUchA"bAlaka! yaha Ayu to par3hane kI hai| tuma par3hate kyoM nahIM ho?" amarakumAra ne pArivArika daridratA kI kaSTa kahAnI maniyoM ko sunA dii| muniyoM kA hRdaya karuNArdra ho utthaa| unhoMne amarakumAra ko mahAmaMtra namokAra pradAna karate hue kahA-"amara! yaha mahAmaMtra sadaiva zraddhA se par3hanA / yaha sadaiva tumhArI rakSA kregaa|' zraddhAsikta hRdaya meM mahAmaMtra dhAraNa karake amarakumAra apane ghara calA gyaa| usa samaya rAjA zreNika rAjagRha ke rAjA the| taba taka ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upAsaka na bane the| rAjasI vaibhava ke pradarzana ke lie unhoMne rAjagRha meM eka abhUtapUrva citrazAlA kA nirmANa kraayaa| citrazAlA kA siMhadvAra atIva bhavya banA / lekina rAtrI meM vaha acAnaka gira gyaa| dUsare dina punaH kuzala zilpiyoM ne siMhadvAra kA nirmANa kiyaa| lekina rAtrI meM punaH dvAra gira gyaa| dvAra ke punaH punaH Dhaha jAne se rAjA zreNika ko bar3I cintA huii| unhoMne nagara ke jyotiSiyoM ko AmaMtrita kiyaa|jyotissiyoN ne

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gaNita lagAyA aura bole- "rAjana! daivI prakopa se citrazAlA kA siMhadvAra punaH punaH Dhaha jAtA hai| devI narabali cAhatI hai| devI kI icchA-pUrti para hI dvAra kI sthiratA saMbhava hai|" "narabali! kauna manuSya maranA cAhegA?' zreNika ne socaa| bahuta socA / antataH unheM eka mArga sUjha gyaa| unhoMne nagara meM udghoSaNA karAI- jo bhI vyakti bali ke lie apane putra ko degA, rAjakoSa se use putra ke taula kA svarNa diyA jaaegaa| isa rAjaghoSaNA kI sarvatra nindA huii| parantu svarNa kA lobha bhI kama na thaa| yaha ghoSaNA RSabhadatta ne bhI sunii| usane apanI patnI se salAha karake apane putra amarakumAra ko narabali ke lie rAjA ko soMpa diyaa| putra ke taula kA dhana lekara vaha sapane saMjotA huA apane ghara lauTa aayaa| mAtA-pitA kI nirdayatA dekhakara amarakumAra ro utthaa| usane nagarajanoM se trANa/rakSA kI bhIkha maaNgii| parantu jisake apane mAtA-pitA hI apane na ho sake, usakA kauna apanA hotA? amarakumAra ko bali-vedikA para lAyA gyaa| brAhmaNa mantroccAra kara rahe the| kAMpate hue amarakumAra ne zreNika se prANa-dAna kI yAcanA kii| zreNika ne kahA- "bAlaka! hama tumheM balAt nahIM lAe haiN| tumhAre mAtA-pitA svayaM tumheM becakara gae haiN|" asahAya amara para mRtyu kA tANDava thaa|us kSaNa use muniyoM dvArA diyA haA mahAmaMtra smaraNa ho aayaa| usakI AMkhoM meM AtmavizvAsa kA teja utara aayaa| usakI kaMpana miTa gaI aura bhaya samApta ho gyaa| vaha tallInatA se namokAra maMtra par3hane lgaa| vadhika ne talavAra se amara para vAra karanA caahaa| lekina maMtra ke prabhAva se vaha dUra jA giraa| dUsare vadhika ne talavAra uThA kara vAra kiyA to usakI bhI vahI gati huii| sarvatra Azcarya phaila gyaa| rAjA aura paNDita ajJAta bhaya se bhara ge| sabhI ne amarakumAra se kSamA maaNgii| zreNika ne use rAjya mahala meM rakhanA caahaa| parantu amarakumAra to saMsAra kA bIbhatsa rUpa dekha cukA thaa| usane rAjA kA prastAva ThukarA diyA aura yajJa vedI se uThakara una mahAmuniyoM

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kI khoja meM nikala gayA jinhoMne use mahAmaMtra pradAna kiyA thA / isa taraha akhaNDa zraddhA ke dvArA 'namokAra mahAmantra' kA divya camatkAra ghaTita huA / [2] bhakta prahlAda (vaidika) hiraNyakazipu daityoM kA rAjA thaa| vaha bhagavAn kA ghora virodhI thaa| vaha svayaM ko hI bhagavAn mAnatA thA / apanI prajA ko bhI vaha svayaM ko bhagavAn mAnane ke lie bAdhya karatA thA / jo bhI vyakti kisI bhagavAn ko mAnatA thA vaha usakI hatyA karA detA thA / vaha ghora ahaMkArI thA / hiraNyakazipu kI rAnI kA nAma kayAdhU thaa| jaba vaha garbhavatI thI to use devarSi nArada ke pAsa rahane kA saubhAgya prApta huA / devarSi nArada ke satsaMga kA usake garbhastha zizu para bar3A prabhAva par3A / kayAdhU ne jisa zizu ko janma diyA, usakA nAma prahlAda rakhA gayA / prahlAda pAMca varSa ke hue to usake pitA daityarAja hiraNyakazipu ne guruputroM ke pAsa unheM zikSA ke lie bheja diyA / guruputra bAlaka prahlAda ko daitya-paramparA ke anusAra zikSA dete, lekina prahlAda mAtra usa zikSA ko sunatA thA, grahaNa nahIM karatA thA / usake hRdaya meM to bhagavAn kA nAma samAyA thA / vaha bhagavazikSA hI prApta karanA cAhatA thaa| vaha sadaiva ekAnta meM baiThakara bhagavAn kA bhajana kiyA karatA thA / eka bAra prahlAda ghara aae| mAtA ne unheM vastrAbharaNoM se sajAyA / prahlAda pitA ke pAsa ge| unheM praNAma karake unakI goda meM baiTha ge| hiraNyakazipu ne prema se apane putra ke sira para hAtha pherate hue pUchA" beTe! tumane jo acchI bAteM sIkhI haiM, mujhe batAo / " prahlAda bole - "pitA jI ! isa jagat meM bhagavannAma ke atirikta anya kucha acchI bAta nahIM hai| pratyeka manuSya ko usa paramapitA kA smaraNa karanA caahie| usI kI jyoti se yaha samasta brahmANDa jyotirmaya hai / " putra kI bAta sunakara hiraNyakazipu Azcarya meM par3a gayA / usane guru-putroM ko nirdeza diyA ki ve prahlAda ko daitya-kula ke anurUpa

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dharma, artha va 'kAma' kI zikSA deM / prahlAda punaH zikSA ke lie guru-putroM ke sAtha cale ge| guruputroM ne prahlAda ko daitya - maryAdAoM kI zikSAeM diiN| lekina prahlAda ne unheM grahaNa nahIM kiyA / prahlAda ko jaba bhI samaya milatA, ve choTe-choTe bAlakoM ko ekatrita kara lete aura unheM bhagavannAma kI mahattA batAte / aneka bAlaka prahlAda ke anugAmI bana gae / zikSA-samApti para prahlAda apane ghara pahuMce / hiraNyakazipu ne punaH eka dina prahlAda se kahA - "beTe ! Aja taka tumane jo sIkhA hai, usakA sAra kyA hai?" bhagavAn kI bhakti hI sAra hai!" prahlAda bole - "pitA jI ! bhakti ke atirikta zeSa samasta jAgatika padArtha niHsAra haiM / " 66 putra kI bAta sunakara hiraNyakazipu lAla-pIlA ho gayA / usane dhakkA dekara prahlAda ko nIce girA diyaa| vaha garajA - "guru- putroM ! tumane prahlAda ko zikSA ke nAma para hamAre zatru bhavagAn kI bhakti sikhAI hai| tumhArA aparAdha akSamya hai / " guruputroM ko bhaya se kAMpate hue dekhakara prahlAda ne kahA"pitA jI ! guru- putra nirdoSa haiN| maiMne inase akSara jJAna hI prApta kiyA hai, tAttvika jJAna nahIM / tAttvika jJAna to mere hRdaya se umar3A hai / bhagavad bhakti ko srota merI AtmA se phUTA hai / " hiraNyakazipu apanA bhAna bhUla gayA / usane prahlAda ko mAra dene kA Adeza diyA / daitya talavAra-bhAle lekara prahlAda para TUTa par3e / lekina unake zastra prahlAda kI deha ko sparza karate hI TUTa kara bikhara gae / hiraNyakazipu ne apane putra ko aneka vidhiyoM se maravAnA cAhA, lekina saphala na ho skaa| hiraNyakazipu kI bahana holikA ke pAsa eka aisA vastra thA jo Aga ko niSprabhAvI banA detA thA / holikA vaha vastra oDhakara, prahlAda ko goda meM lekara yaha kahakara agnikuNDa meM baiTha gaI ki yadi bhagavAn meM zakti hogI to tujhe bacA leMge / camatkAra ghttaa| holikA kA vastra ur3akara prahlAda kI deha se jA lipaTA / holikA jala marI / prahlAda baca ge| hiraNyakazipu prahlAda ko apanA sabase bar3A zatru mAnane lagA / usane prahlAda ko mArane kA svayaM nizcaya kara liyA / usane prahlAda ko darabAra jana eka dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA

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meM bulaayaa| prahlAda aae| hiraNyakazipu ne khaDga nikAlakara krodha se kahA"duSTa bAlaka! Aja mere khaDga se tujhe koI nahIM bacA sktaa| pukAra apane bhagavAn ko| dekhatA hUM use bhii|" nirbhIka prahlAda haMse aura bole- "pitAjI! use pukArane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vaha to sRSTi ke kaNa-kaNa meM vidyamAna hai|aap meM, mujha meM, isa khaDga meM, isa khambhe meM, sarvatra vahI vidyamAna hai|" / kyA ve isa khambhe meM bhI hai?" hiraNyakazipu garajA- "maiM dekhatA hUM ki haiM ki nhiiN|" vaha uThA aura usane jora se eka mukkA usa khambhe para maaraa| eka bhayaMkara zabda ke sAtha khambhA phaTa gyaa| usameM se nRsiMha bhagavAn pragaTa hue| unakA muMha siMha kA thA tathA zeSa zarIra manuSya kaa| unhoMne hiraNyakazipu ko apane paMjoM meM dabA liyaa| darabAra ke dvAra para le jAkara unhoMne hiraNyakazipu ke hRdaya ko apane nakhoM se phAr3a ddaalaa| dekhate hI dekhate apane ko sarvazaktimAn mAnane vAlA ahaMkArI hiraNyakazipu kAlakavalita ho gyaa| nRsiMha bhagavAn ne prahlAda ko apanI goda meM uThA liyaa| use pyAra karate hue ve bole- "beTe! isa duSTa ne tujhe bar3e kaSTa die haiN| mujhe Ane meM vilamba ho gyaa|" "Apa pratipala mere hRdaya meM the paramapitA!" prahlAda ne kahA"Apane hI pratikSaNa merI rakSA kii|" bhagavannAma va bhagavad-bhakti meM dRr3ha zraddhAvAn manuSya sadaiva rakSita hote haiN| [draSTavyaH bhAgavatapurANa- 7/8/adhyAya, agnipurANa 4/3-5, 276/10,13] OOO sabhI bhAratIya dharma- paramparAoM meM zraddhA-bhakti se jur3e camatkAroM kA ghaTita honA mAnA gayA hai aura unameM isa tathya ke samarthaka aneka kathAnaka par3he, par3hAe, sune va sunAe jAte rahe haiN| ina camatkAroM kI vaijJAnika vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hai| parantu inakI satyatA ko pUrNatayA nakAranA bhI sambhava nahIM hai| sAdhAraNa pAThaka yA adhyetA ke mana meM yaha jijJAsA bhI uThatI rahI hai ki Akhira camatkAra hai kyA? camatkAra

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hotA bhI hai yA nahIM? tarkazIla mastiSka bhale hI inheM na svIkAre, zraddhAlu mana inheM svIkAra karatA hai / vaidika va jaina- ina donoM vicAradhArAoM se jur3e tathA daivI camatkAroM se pUrNa do kathAnaka Upara prastuta kiye gayeM haiN| abhayakumAra kA kathAnaka jaina paramparA se, tathA bhakta prahlAda kA vaidika paramparA se sambaddha hai| amarakumAra ke samasta Azraya anAzraya ho ge| sAre sahAre nirarthaka ho ge| yahAM taka ki usake mAtA-pitA aura rAjA ghora svArthI ho ge| mRtyu ke kSaNa meM amarakumAra ko guru- pradatta namaskAra mahAmantra kA sahArA suujhaa| mahAmaMtra navakAra ke zraddhApUrNa smaraNa se apUrva camatkAra ghaTita huA / isI taraha, daityakula meM hiraNyakazipu ke putra prahlAda puNya-yoga ke kAraNa Izvara bhakti ke mArga para agrasara hue| unakA yaha kArya daityakula kI mAna-maryAdA ke pratikUla thA / unakI dRDha AsthA kA hI camatkAra thA ki bhagavAn viSNu ne narasiMha rUpa meM prakaTa hokara pitA ke kopa se tathA daityoM se prahlAda kI rakSA kii| aDola AdhyAtmika zraddhA kI dRSTi se donoM kathAnakoM kI samatA ullekhanIya hai| jahAM taka vaidika paramparA kA prazna hai, svayaM paramAtmA avatAra rUpa meM avatarita hokara lIlAmaya haiN| unakI kucha kriyAeM 'camatkAra' rUpa hotI haiN| kaI avatAra to sAkSAt 'camatkAra' rUpa meM prakaTa hote haiMarthAt unakA avatAra hI eka camatkArapUrNa ghaTanA hotI hai| jaise prahlAda kI rakSA ke lie ekAeka nRsiMhAvatAra kA prakaTa honaa| isake atirikta, aisI aneka prasiddha paurANika ghaTanAeM haiM jinameM saMkaTagrasta bhakta kI pukAra para bhagavAn ekAeka prakaTa hokara tAtkAlika saMkaTa se bhakta ko ubArate haiM / jaise bhAgavata purANa (aSTama sarga, 2-4 adhyAya) kI 'gajendra - mokSa' kathA meM grAha ke zikaMje meM phaMse hue bhakta gajendra kI pukAra sunakara prabhu Ate haiM aura use saMkaTa se ubArate haiM / mahAbhArata

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meM duHzAsana dvArA cIra-haraNa ke saMkaTa meM draupadI zraddhA se prabhu ko smaraNa karatI hai aura bhagavAn sUkSma rUpa meM upasthita hokara cIra ko itanA lambA baDhA dete haiM ki duHzAsana thakakara svayaM pApa-kArya se nivRtta ho jAtA hai| bhagavAn hI nahIM, indrAdi deva-asura Adi bhI yathAsamaya dharmAnukUla camatkAra karane meM sakSama mAne gae haiN| inake alAvA, yoga-sAdhanA ke krama meM prApta hone vAlI siddhiyAM bhI sAmAnya janatA ko camatkRta karane vAlI mAnI gaI haiN| jahAM taka jaina paramparA kA prazna hai, isa paramparA meM paramezvara saMsAra-nirlipta hotA hai, ataH vaha koI camatkAra nahIM krtaa| kintu tIrthaMkaroM kA ahiMsAmaya jIvana aisA hotA hai ki sAmAnya manovikAragrasta janatA ko to camatkRta karatA hI hai| Adhidaivika jagat ke viziSTa prANI (zAsana-deva, yakSa, devendra, asurendra Adi, vidyAdhara jAti Adi) kabhI-kabhI munaSya-loka meM upasthita hokara upakAra yA apakAra kI dRSTi se jo kArya karate haiM, ve bhI sAmAnya janatA ke lie camatkAra hI hotI haiN| deva Adi meM janmajAta aisI kSamatA hotI hai| vaidika paramparA kI taraha jaina paramparA meM bhI tapojanita camatkArI Rddhi-siddhiyoM kA honA sambhava mAnA gayA hai| pratyeka AtmA meM ananta zaktiyAM antarnihita hotI haiM, tapa dvArA inheM prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye zaktiyAM bhI laukika camatkAra kA kAraNa banatI haiN| jaina paramparA meM mantrAdi-janita camatkAra daivI camatkAra ke rUpa meM mAnya haiN| kintu ina camatkAroM meM zraddhA kI prabalatA kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahatA hai| jahAM zraddhA hogI, vahIM kucha camatkAra ghaTita ho paaegaa| zraddhA kI prabalatA ke kAraNa hI daivI zaktiyAM AkRSTa hokara vividha camatkAra karatI haiN| isIlie kahA bhI hai- saMdigdho hi hato mantraH (bhAgavata mAhAtmya, 73) / arthAt azraddhA yA saMdeha-avizvAsa kI sthiti meM mantra kA prabhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai|

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guru kA gaurava galUra (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) guru sAgara ke samAna hotA hai aura ziSya ghar3e ke samAna / ghar3e ko jala se bharane ke lie sAgara ke samakSa jhukanA, usameM DUbanA par3atA hai| ghar3A yadi sAgara ke samakSa jhukane ko taiyAra nahIM hai to vaha kadApi jala se bhara nahIM sakatA hai| isI taraha ziSya ko apanI jJAna-pipAsA-upazAnti ke lie guru ke samakSa jhukanA par3atA hai| guru-caraNoM meM jhukA huA vinamra ziSya zIghra hI jJAnAmRta kA pAna karake AtmatRpta ho jAtA hai| guru kA sammAna aura usakI uccatA ko saMsAra ke sabhI dharmoM, panthoM aura mahApuruSoM ne eka svara meM svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina dharma meM ziSya ke lie guru kI vinaya ko usakA mUla dharma batAyA gayA hai viNao sAsaNe mUlaM, viNIo saMjao bhave / viNayAo vippamukkassa, kao dhammo kao tvo|| (vizeSA. bhASya. 3468) vinaya jina-zAsana kA mUla hai| vinIta hI saMyamI ho sakatA hai| jo vinaya se hIna hai, usakA kyA dharma aura kyA tapa? bhagavAn mahAvIra kI antima vANI jisameM saMkalita mAnI jAtI hai, usa uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke prArambha meM jo adhyayana (pariccheda) hai, vaha

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'vinaya' ke Upara hI hai| isameM guru yA AcArya kI mahattA va pUjyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara ziSya dvArA rakhI jAne vAlI sAvadhAniyoM aura kartavyoM kA nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai| guru yA AcArya sadaiva vandanIya haiM, pUjya haiM, AdaraNIya haiM, namaskaraNIya haiM, stuti karane yogya haiN| isa tathya kI puSTi nimalikhita uddharaNoM se spaSTa hotI hai:jattheva dhammAyariyaM pAsejjA, baMdijjA, nmNsinyjaa| (rAjaprazrIya sU. 4/76) / - jahAM bhI dharmAcArya yA guru dikhAI par3eM, unheM vandanA kare, aura namaskAra kre| gIryata vA guruH (uttarAdhyayana-cUrNi, pR. 161) / -jisakI stuti kI jAtI hai, vaha guru hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke anusAra guru kA anuzAsana duSkRtoM kA nivAraka hotA hai (dra. uttarA. 1/28) guru ke prasanna hone para vipula zruta-jJAna kI prApti ho pAtI hai aura vinIta ziSya kI kIrti kA sarvatra vistAra hotA hai (dra. uttarA. 1/45-46/) gurukula meM rahakara, unake satata nirdezana meM rahakara, jJAnArjana karane vAloM ko 'dhanya' kahA gayA hai- dhaNNA gurukulavAsaM (bRhatkalpa-bhASya- 5713) / bauddha paramparA meM bhI guru kI pUjyatA kA samarthana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai:yasmAhi dhammaM puriso vijaJA indaM va taM devatA puujyey| (suttanipAta-20/1) -jisase dharma kI zikSA grahaNa kare, usakI pUjA adi usI prakAra karanI cAhie jisa prakAra devatA indra kI karate haiN| 'guru' yA 'AcArya' hI vaha pramukha srota hai jahAM se vidyA yA jJAnAmRta prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| maharSi vyAsa ke zabdoM meM- na vinA gurusambandhaM jJAnasyAdhigamaH smRtaH (mahAbhA. 12/326/22) / arthAt guru ke binA jJAna yA vidyA kI prApti nahIM sambhava ho paatii| upaniSad ke RSi ne isake samarthana meM kahA- AcAyadiva vidyA viditA sAdhiSThaM prApayati (chAndogya upa. 4/9/3), arthAt sadguru se sIkhI huI vidyA hI vyakti ko abhISTa uddezya ko pAne meM saphala banAtI hai| manusmRti meM jJAnadAtA ko

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sadA tathA sarvaprathama abhivandanIya batAyA gayA hai- AdadIta yato jJAnaM taM pUrvamabhivandayet (manusmRti, 2 / 117), arthAt jisase jJAna grahaNa kare, use sarva prathama abhivandana kare / vaidika RSi kA nirdeza hai- divakSaso agnijihvA RtAvRdhaH (Rgveda - 10 / 65/7), arthAt satya ke poSaka, tIkSNa pravaktA jJAnI devavat pUjya hote haiM / upaniSad meM 'AcAryadevo bhava' (taitti. upa. 1/11) kahakara mAtA-pitA kI taraha AcArya kI bhI pUjyatA kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| vaidika dharma meM bhI kahA gayA hai guzabdastvandhakAraH syAt ruzabdastannirodhakaH / andhakAranirodhatvAd gururityabhidhIyate // - 'gu' zabda kA artha hai- andhakAra / 'ru' zabda kA artha hai usakA nirodhaka | aMdhakAra kA nirodha karane se 'guru' kahA jAtA hai| aMgrejI meM eka zabda hai- aNDarasTaiNDa / isa zabda meM guru kI gurutA aura ziSya kI vinamratA dhvanita hotI hai| 'aNDara' zabda kA artha 'nIce' aura 'sTaiNDa' zabda kA artha khar3e honA hai / ataH 'aNDarasTaiNDa' kA artha huA, nIce khar3e honaa| lekina aNDarasTaiNDa kA artha samajhanA hotA hai / jo loga apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna pAne aura unako samajhane ke lie pAdarI (dharmaguru) ke pAsa jAte the, ve eka sthAna - vizeSa para nIce khar3e ho jAte the aura Upara khar3A pAdarI unako samajhAtA thA / cUMki samajhane vAloM ke khar3e hone yA baiThakara samajhane kA sthAna nIce hotA thA, isalie nIce khar3e hone ke aMgrejI paryAya aNDarasTaiNDa kA artha hI samajhanA ho gayA / sabhI dharmoM meM guru ko pUjya sthAna upalabdha hai| guru kA Asana sadaiva Upara aura ziSya kA sthAna usake caraNoM meM rahA hai| vidyA-prApti athavA jJAna-grahaNa kA yahI ekamAtra upAya bhI hai| jJAnapipAsu ziSya athavA vyakti yadi uccAsana para baiThe aura jJAnadAtA zikSaka athavA guru nimna Asana para sthita ho to yaha jJAna ke AdAna-pradAna kI upayukta rIti nahIM hai| usa sthiti meM prayatna karake bhI jJAnapipAsu kI jJAnapipAsA upazAnta nahIM ho paaegii| isIlie jinavANI meM spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA haijassaMtie dhammapayAiM sikkhe, tassaMtie veNaiyaM pauMje // (dazavai. 9/1/12) eka dharma kI sAMskRtika 90

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- jisase dharma-zikSA grahaNa kare, usake prati vinaya-: -bhAva pradarzita karanA apekSita hai / guru yA AcArya ke barAbara baiThane kA niSedha bhI jinavANI meM hai (dra. uttarA. sU. 1/18-19) / zikSaka aura ziSya ke AsanoM kI upayuktatA ko darzAtI tIna kathAeM yahAM uddhRta kI gaI haiN| inameM se eka kathA jaina kathA sAhitya se uddhRta hai tathA zeSa do kathAeM vaidika dharma kI paurANika kathAoM se lI gaI haiN| [2] rAjA zreNika aura cANDAla (jaina) ar3hAI hajAra varSa pUrva-magadha deza para mahArAjA zreNika rAjya karate the| rAjagRha nagarI unakI rAjadhAnI thI / unake bar3e putra abhayakumAra bar3e buddhimAn the / isIlie zreNika ne unheM apanA mahAmaMtrI niyukta kara liyA thA / mahArAjA zreNika kA guNazIlaka nAmaka eka atisundara aura vizAla rAjodyAna thA / usa udyAna ke eka bhAga meM eka AmrabAga thA jo deva varadAna ke kAraNa pratyeka Rtu meM phalavAn banA rahatA thA / sarvaRtuphaladAtA usa AmrabAga kI surakSA ke lie sazastra paharedAra niyukta kie gae the| gRha ke bAhyabhAga meM eka cANDAla rahatA thA / use AkarSaNI vidyA siddha thI / vidyAbala se vaha cANDAla jar3a aura cetana vastuoM ko apanI ora AkarSita kara sakatA thA / apane guru ke nirdeza ke kAraNa vaha apanI vidyA kA pradarzana camatkAra yA svarojagAra ke lie nahIM kara sakatA thA / eka bAra cANDAla kI patnI garbhavatI huii| use garbhakAla meM Ama khAne kI icchA huI / garbhakAlIna icchAeM bar3I prabala hotI haiM / usane apane pati ko Ama khAne kI apanI icchA btaaii| pati bolA priye ! tumhArI yaha icchA pUrNa nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki yaha AmoM kI Rtu nahIM hai / " 66 cANDAla - patnI apane pati kI AkarSaNI vidyA aura rAjA zreNika ke sarvaRtuphaladAtA AmrabAga ke sambandha meM jAnatI thI / usane apane pati vitIya svarAja

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ko rAjA ke bAga se phala lAne ke lie vivaza kara diyaa| triyAhaTha ke sammukha antataH cANDAla ko jhukanA pdd'aa| sazastra bAgarakSakoM kI AMkheM bacAkara cANDAla ne AkarSaNI vidyA ke prayoga se AmraphaloM se ladI eka zAkhA ko bAga kI dIvAra se bAhara jhukaayaa| phala tor3e aura apanI patnI ko lAkara de die| Amraphala corI kA yaha krama kaI dina claa| rAjA zreNika ko sUcanA milii| cora ko pakar3ane ke aneka yatnoM meM viphala rahane para, rAjA ne yaha dAyitva abhayakumAra ko soNpaa| abhayakumAra rAtrI meM veza badalakara nagara-bhramaNa karane lge| eka rAtrI meM cANDAla gRha ke nikaTa se nikalate hue abhayakumAra kI dRSTi kUr3e ke Dhera para par3e AmrachilakoM para pdd'ii| phira abhayakumAra ko cora ko pakar3ate dera na lgii| abhayakumAra dvArA caturAI se pUchane para cANDAla ne AkarSaNI vidyA-bala se Amra curAne kI bAta svIkAra kara lii| dUsare dina cANDAla cora ko rAjA zreNika ke samakSa lAyA gyaa| rAjA zreNika ne krodhita hote hue cANDAla ko mRtyu-daNDa sunA diyaa| __mRtyu ko sAkSAt dekhakara cANDAla bhayavihvala ho utthaa| usane karUNa netroM se abhayakumAra kI ora dekhaa| abhayakumAra dayArdra ho utthe| unhoMne cANDAla kI prANarakSA ke lie apane buddhibala kA upayoga kiyaa| unhoMne aisA mArga nikAlA ki cANDAla ke prANa bhI baca gae aura rAjAjJA kI avahelanA bhI nahIM hone dii| abhayakumAra rAjA zreNika se bole- "mahArAja! yaha cANDAla abhI mAra diyA gayA to isakI vidyA isake sAtha hI samApta ho jaaegii| ataH pahale Apa isakI AkarSaNI vidyA sIkha lIjie bAda meM daNDa diijie|" rAjA zreNika ko abhayakumAra kI bAta ucita lgii| unhoMne cANDAla ko bandhanamukta karAyA aura use Adeza diyA ki unheM apanI vidyA sikhaae| cANDAla rAjA ko vidyA sikhAne lgaa| bAra-bAra doharAkara bhI zreNika vidyA ko kaNThastha nahIM kara pA rahe the| ve jhuMjhalA uThe aura bole ki tuma mana lagAkara vidyA nahIM sikhA rahe ho| yaha sunakara abhayakumAra bole-"rAjan! Apa guru-Asana kI maryAdA ko tor3a rahe haiN| Apa UMcAI para rAjasiMhAsana para baiThe haiM aura

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Apako vidyA sikhAne vAlA guru nIce khar3A hai| isa DhaMga se to Apa jIvana bhara vidyA prApta nahIM kara sakate haiN| Apa rAjA haiM aura Apako vidyA dene vAlA vyakti ApakI prajA hai / niHsaMdeha yaha cANDAla hai, parantu isa kSaNa yaha ApakA guru hai aura guru kA Asana sadaiva sarvopari hotA hai / Apa Asana badala kara sIkhie / " rAjA zreNika tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke paramabhakta the / tAttvika bAta ve turanta samajha jAte the / ve zIghra hI siMhAsana se nIce utare aura cANDAla ko siMhAsana para baiThAyA aura bole - "gurudeva ! mujhe vidyAdAna diijie|" cANDAla ne maMtra bolaa| prathama bAra hI rAjA zreNika ne use hRdayaMgama kara liyaa| tatpazcAt unhoMne cANDAla ko punaH vadhikoM ko soMpate hue usakA vadha karane kA nirdeza diyA / abhayakumAra punaH bole- "pRthvInAtha! Apa punaH guru kI mahimA miTA rahe haiN| guru to sadA avadhya hotA hai / " rAjA zreNika ne cANDAla ko mukta kara diyA / vaha haMsate hue apane ghara calA gyaa| [triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita se ] [2] mahArAjA janaka aura muni aSTAvakra (vaidika) mithilAdhipati mahArAjA janaka vidvAn aura AtmajJAnI samrAT the / AtmajJAnI hone ke kAraNa hI ve 'videha' kahalAte the / maharSi aSTAvakra ne unameM AtmajJAna - samyakjJAna kA pradIpa prajjvalita kiyA thA / kathAnaka isa prakAra hai mahArAjA janaka ne eka rAtrI meM eka bhayAvaha svapna dekhA / zatru ne unake rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyA / janaka parAjita ho gae / ve dIna-daridra bane dara-dara ke bhikhArI bana gae / kSudhA ne unako vicalita kara diyA / eka jagaha khicar3I baMTa rahI thI / janaka bhI yAcakoM kI paMkti meM laga ge| lekina jaba unakA krama AyA to khicar3I samApta ho gaI / unako vyAkula dekhakara khicar3I parosane vAle ne bartana meM zeSa khuracana janaka ko

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de dii| tabhI eka cIla ne jhapaTTA maaraa| khicar3I bikhara gii| kSudhA se vyAkula janaka mUrchita ho ge| phira unakI nidrA TUTa gii| hairAna-parezAna janaka ne idhara-udhara dekhA / ve svarNa-paryaMka para the| unake antarmAnasa meM eka prazna ubharA- "satya kyA hai?""bhikhArI janaka satya hai yA rAjA janaka satya hai?' canda kSaNa pahale kA bhikhArI janaka utanA hI satya pratIta hotA thA jitanA ki vartamAna kSaNa kA rAjA jnk| mahArAjA janaka satya kI taha taka nahIM pahuMca paae| ve udAsa ho ge| unakI sabhA meM aneka vidvAn the| lekina koI bhI unheM samAdhAna nahIM de paayaa| eka dina aSTavarSIya AtmajJAnI aSTAvakra mahArAja janaka kI sabhA meM phuNce| vahAM aneka vidvAn upasthita the| ATha jagaha se TeDhemeDhe aSTAvakra ko dekhate hI sabhA meM upasthita vidvAna khilakhilAkara haMsa pdd'e| janaka ke adharoM para bhI muskAna ubhara aaii| yaha dekha kara aSTAvakra bhI haMsane lge| mahArAjA janaka ne aSTAvakra se pUchA-"bAlaka! tuma kyoM haMseM?" aSTAvakra ne pratiprazna kiyA-"Apa aura Apake sabhAsada kyoM haMse?' janaka ne sabhAsadoM kI haMsI kA kAraNa unakI beDhaba AkRti ko btaayaa| isa para aSTAvakra bole- "maiM apanI bhUla para haMsA / maiM bhUlavaza camAroM kI sabhA meM A pahuMcA huuN| bhramavaza maiMne ise vidvAnoM kI sabhA samajha liyA thaa| camAra camar3e kI hI parakha kara sakatA hai, vaha AtmaguNa ko nahIM pahacAna sktaa|" mahArAja janaka ne tIkSNa dRSTi se dekhaa| nanhe aSTAvakra ke satya zabdoM ne unake antas ko hilA diyA thaa| aSTAvakra meM unheM jJAnAtmA ke darzana hue| unhoMne apane mana kA prazna aSTAvakra ke samakSa rakhate hue kahA"vipravara! mujhe batAie ki maiM rAjA hUM yA bhikhArI? satya darzana kA varadAna dIjie RSivara!" aSTAvakra sakhta svara meM bole- "nAsamajha rAjA! tuma prazna kA samAdhAna cAhate ho / lekina tumheM guru aura ziSya ke AsanoM kI maryAdA kA viveka nahIM hai| sarvaprathama jijJAsu kI maryAdA kA pAlana kiijie|" ___ janaka ko apanI bhUla kA ahasAsa huaa| ve siMhAsana se nIce utara gae aura aSTAvakra ko sasammAna rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna kiyaa|

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tatpazcAt aSTAvakra ko praNAma karake janaka ne jijJAsA rakhI- "gurudeva! mujhe satya mArga kA jJAna diijie| mujhe samajhAie ki svapna ke kSaNa kA bhikhArI janaka satya hai yA svapna ke pazcAt kA rAjA janaka satya hai?" aSTAvakra ne kahA-"rAjan! jise Apa apanA samajhate haiM, vahI mujhe de diijie|' janaka ne kahA- "maiM apanA AdhA rAjya Apako detA huuN|" isa para aSTAvakra sasmita svara meM bole-"para rAjya ApakA hai kahAM?" janaka Azcaryacakita hote hue bole- "to kisakA hai? gambhIra hote hue aSTAvakra ne pUchA- "Apase pahale isa rAjya kA svAmI kauna thA?' janaka ne uttara diyA- "mere pitaa|" aSTAvakra ne punaH prazna kiyA- "aura Apake bAda isa rAjya kA svAmI kauna hogA?" janaka bole-"merA uttarAdhikArI isakA svAmI hogaa|' aSTAvakra ne satya kA darzana anAvRta karate hue kahA-"rAjan! jisa sAmrAjya ke svAmI badalate rahate haiM, vaha tumhArA kaise ho sakatA hai? Aja jise tuma apanA kaha rahe ho, vaha kala kisI kA thA aura kala kisI aura kA hogaa| kevala madhya meM tumhArA hai| aura jo asthAyI yA kSaNika tumhArA hai, vaha tumhArA kaise ho sakatA hai|" mahArAja janaka kI AMkhoM para se mamatva kA pardA haTa gyaa| ve bole- "gurudeva! yaha rAjya merA nahIM hai| maiM apanA mana Apako arpita karatA huuN|" aSTAvakra ne mahArAjA janaka kA mana svIkAra karate hue kahA"rAjan! ApakA mana aba merA ho gyaa| ataH Apake mana meM jo Ae use Age bar3hAnA yA na bar3hAnA merA adhikAra hai|" aise vilakSaNa guru bAlaka ko pAkara janaka gadgada the| phira aSTAvakra ne janaka ke prazna kA uttara diyA ___"tU aba bhikhArI nahIM hai, rAjA hai| svapna meM tU rAjA nahIM thA, bhikhArI thaa| ataH bhikhArI aura rAjA donoM asatya haiM kyoMki asatya asthira hotA hai, vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai| lekina svapna meM tU thA, aba bhI tU hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI tU rhegaa| zeSa saba banegA, miTegA, lekina tU sadaiva aparivartanazIla sadA-sthira rhegaa| isalie tU hI satya hai, zeSa saba asatya hai| tU AtmA hai| tU na rAjA hai, na bhikhArI hai| ataH AtmA hI satya hai| yaha

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sanAtana hai| zAzvata hai| tU thA, hai aura rhegaa| bhikhArI nahIM rhaa| rAjA bhI nahIM rhegaa| satya sadA rahatA hai| asatya nahIM rahatA hai|" mahArAjA janaka aura maharSi aSTAvakra ke madhya cale isa saMvAda ke phalasvarUpa 'aSTAvakra gItA' kA janma huA jo Aja bhI adhyAtma jagat kA mahAn grantha mAnA jAtA hai| [3] bhaktarAja hanumAna vidika) vaidika mAnyatAnusAra mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM bhaktarAja hanumAn arjuna kI dhvajA para virAjita rahe the| hanumAn ne dhvajA para rahate hue hI zrIkRSNa kA gItA-saMdeza zravaNa kiyA thaa| gItopadeSTA zrIkRSNa se uccAsanadhvajA para baiThakara gItA upadeza sunane se hanumAn ne zrotA kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana kiyA thaa| ataH unhoMne apane isa doSa ko dhone ke lie zrIkRSNa se kSamA mAMganA ucita smjhaa| yuddhoparAnta hanumAn dhvajA se nIce utare aura zrIkRSNa se bole- "bhagavan! Apane gItA kA jo jJAna arjuna ko diyA thA, vaha maiMne bhI pUre manoyoga se dhvajA para baiThe-baiThe sunA thA / vaha sampUrNa gItA jJAna maiMne AtmasAt kara liyA hai| merA jJAna-grahaNa jJAna kI corI aura zrotA kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana na mAnA jAe, isIlie maiM Apase kSamA mAMgane aura etadartha Apako sUcita karane upasthita huA huuN|" zrIkRSNa bole- "bhaktarAja! yaha rahasya batAkara tuma jJAna kI corI ke pApa se to mukta ho gae ho parantu tumane zrotA kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana kiyA hai| isake lie tumheM daNDa bhoganA hogaa| niHsaMdeha tuma bhaktarAja ho aura asaMkhya bhaktajana tumheM hRdaya meM dhAraNa karake tumhArI upAsanA karate haiM, parantu akSamya doSa ko to bhagavAn ko bhI apanI jJAna aura karma kI zuddhi se parizuddha karanA par3atA hai|" zrIkRSNa bolate cale gae-"hanumAn! tuma ko yAda hogA ki azoka vATikA meM mAtA-sItA azoka vRkSa ke mUla meM nIce baiThI thii| aura

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tuma azoka vRkSa ke Upara car3he hue rAmakathA kaha rahe the| sItA tumhArI pUjya thI, phira bhI cUMki vaha zrotA thI, isalie nIce baiThakara rAmakathA suna rahI thI aura tuma putra hokara bhI cUMki vaktA the, ataH Upara baiThe kathA kaha rahe the|vaisii maryAdA kA pAlana tumane nahIM kiyaa| uccAsana se jJAna grahaNa kiyaa| yaha mahApApa tumase huA hai|' hanumAn ne kahA-"to prabho! isakA prAyazcitta bhI Apa hI btaaie| maryAdA kI rakSA ke lie bhagavAn apane bhaktoM ko bhI daNDita karate haiN| maryAdA kI rakSA ke lie zrIrAma ne parama pavitra sItA ko bhI vanavAsa diyA thaa|' zrIkRSNa bole-"vaktA se UMce Asana para baiThane ke mahApApa se parizuddha hone ke lie tumheM pizAca bananA pdd'egaa| jaba tuma gItA para bhASya likhoge to pizAca yoni se mukta ho jaaoge|' kahate haiM, gItA kA hanumadabhASya hanumAna jI ne pizAca yoni se mukti ke lie likhA thaa| OOO bhAratIya saMskRti kI donoM pramukha vicAradhArAoM-vaidika va jaina ke purodhA AcAryoM ne 'guru kI mahattA' ko eka svara se svIkArA hai aura use vyAvahArika jIvana meM ucita sammAna dene kI anivAryatA ko bhI rekhAMkita kiyA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI ukta vyAvahArika zikSA kA samarthana uparyukta kathAnakoM meM samAna rUpa se abhivyakta ho rahA hai| kathAoM ke ghaTanA-prasaMga sarvathA bhinna haiM, para sabhI kA hArda aura kathya eka hI hai| vaha yaha hai ki guru yadi cANDAla aura nIca varNa kA bhI ho tathA ziSya yA zrotA rAjA ho to bhI vaha rAjasiMhAsana para baiThakara vidyA prApta nahIM kara

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sktaa| jJAna-prApti ke lie rAjA zreNika ko rAjasiMhAsana se nIce utara kara cANDAla jJAnadAtA ko usa para AsIna karanA par3A thaa| ThIka aisA hI ghaTanAkrama mahArAja janaka aura maharSi aSTAvakra ke sambandha meM vaidika granthoM meM varNita hai| tIsarI kathA hanumAnajI dvArA gItAjJAna ke zravaNa se sambandhita hai| unhoMne vaktA zrIkRSNa se UMce Asana-arjuna ke ratha kI dhvajA para sthira rahakara gItA-pATha zravaNa kiyA thaa| guru pada kI maryAdA kA bhaMga ho jAne ke kAraNa zrIkRSNa ne hanumAnjI ko pizAca banane kA daNDa diyA thaa| tInoM kathAeM rocaka, sarasa aura guru kI mahimA ko eka svara meM puSTa karatI haiN|

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sasaMga kI mahimA (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) pApAcaraNa se manuSya pApI ho jAtA hai aura dharmAcaraNa se dhrmaatmaa| pApa manuSya ko patita karatA hai tathA dharma usakA utthAna karatA hai| isIlie pApa tyAjya hai aura dharma grAhya / ajJAna ke kAraNa manuSya pApa meM saMlagna hotA hai| jaba usakA ajJAna TUTatA hai to usakI AMkha khulatI hai| pApa kA svarUpa aura pariNAma jaba use jJAta hotA hai to phira use chor3ane ke lie prayAsa nahIM karanA pdd'taa| 'vaha svataH chUTa jAtA hai| pApamukta manuSya pavitra bana jAtA hai| isa pavitratA ke saMcAra meM saMgati kA mahattva nirvivAda hai| sAdhujanoM kI satsaMgati se yA sadguru ke suyoga se hI sajjJAna kA prakAza mila sakatA hai aura phalasvarUpa vyakti apane AcaraNa ko sudhAra kara dharmAtmA bana sakatA hai| vaidika paramparA meM saMgati ke sambandha meM bar3e upayogI vicAra prastuta kiye gae haiN| mahAbhAratakAra vyAsa ne eka sanAtana niyama kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai: hIyate hi matistAta hInaiH saha samAgamAt / samaizca samatAmeti, viziSTaizca viziSTatAm // (mahAbhA. 3/1/30) -apane se hIna (guNoM vAle) vyaktiyoM kI saMgati se vyakti jisa >

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hIna bana jAtA hai| samAna zreNI kI saMgati se jaisA kA vaisA hI rahatA hai aura viziSTa (ucca vicAra vAle) logoM kI saMgati se viziSTa vyakti bana jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki saMgati ke anurUpa hI vyakti kA vyaktitva pariSkRta yA tiraskRta Adi ho jAtA hai| isI dRSTi se saMskRta ke eka kavi ne ThIka hI yaha parAmarza diyA hai- sadbhireva sahAsIta, sadbhiH kurvIta saMgatim (subhASitaratnabhANDAgAra)- arthAt manuSya ko cAhie ki vaha sajjanoM ke sAtha hI uThe-baiThe aura unhIM kI saMgati meM rhe| vaidika RSi bhI yahI kAmanA prakaTa karatA hai- punardadatAnatA jAnatA saMgamemahi (Rgveda, 5/51/15)- arthAt hama dAnI, ahiMsaka vidvAn kI saMgati kreN| maharSi vyAsa ke matAnusArasatAM sadbhirnAphalaH saMgamo'sti (mahAbhArata, 3/297/97) arthAt sajjanoM kI saMgati kabhI niSphala nahIM hotii| nizcaya hI satsaMgati se vyakti meM sadguNe kA vikAsa hokara mahApuruSa hone kI kSamatA sArthaka hotI hai| Adiguru zaMkarAcArya ne kahA thA kSaNamiha sjjnsNgtirekaa| bhavati bhavArNavataraNe naukaa|| sajjanoM kI eka kSaNa kI saMgati bhI bhava-sAgara se utArane vAlI naukA ke samAna hotI hai| saMga apanA raMga dikhAtA hai| durbala-mAnasa manuSyoM ko kusaMga vinAza ke garta meM Dhakela detA hai| kahA gayA hai pAi kusaMgati ko na nsaaii| arthAt kusaMga pAkara kauna naSTa nahIM huA? AtmA paramAtmA rUpa hotI hai| kusaMga se AtmA mailI ho jAtI hai| susaMga kA saMyoga AtmA ko sanmArga kA pathika banA detA hai, jisa se vaha apane zuddha-buddha niraMjana svarUpa ko punaH prApta kara letI hai| susaMga mahAn prabhAvaka hotA hai| kahA gayA hai zaTha sudharahiM sata saMgati paaii| arthAt duSTa bhI satsaMga pAkara sudhara jAte haiN| lohe se svarNa bana jAte haiN| susaMga- satsaMga ko pApa-tApa aura abhizApa kA hartA batAte hue gargasaMhitA meM kahA gayA hai gaMgA pApaM zazI tApaM dainyaM kalpataruharet / pApaM tApaM tathA dainyaM sadyaH sAdhusamAgamaH // arthAt gaMgA pApa kA, candramA tApa kA aura kalpavRkSa dainya

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(daridratA)ke abhizApa kA apaharaNa karatA hai, parantu sajjanoM kA samAgama pApa, tApa aura dainya-abhizApa- tInoM kA tatkAla nAza kara detA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI vaidika paramparA ke uparyukta svara ko hI mukharita kiyA gayA hai| isake samarthaka nimnalikhita uddharaNa mananIya haiM yAdisaM kurute mittaM yAdisaM cuupsevti| sa ve tAdisako hoti, sahavAso hi taadisaa| (itivRttaka, 3/27) jo jaisA mitra banAtA hai aura jo jaisA samparka rakhatA hai, vaha vaisA hI bana jAtA hai, kyoMki sahavAsa (kA prabhAva hI) aisA hai| sukho have sappurisena saMgamo (vimAnavatthu, 2/34/411) - sajjana kI saMgati sukhadAyI hotI hai| sabbhireva samAsetha, paNDite hettha dssibhiH| (theragAthA, 7(1)4) -vidvAn aura AtmahitaiSI ko satpuruSoM ke sAtha hI rahanA caahie| nihInasevI na ca buddhasevI, nihIyate kAlapakkhe va cNdo| (dIghanikAya, 3/8/2) -jo nIca puruSoM kI saMgati karate haiM, jJAnI janoM kI saMgati nahIM karate, ve kRSNapakSI candramA kI taraha hIna-kSINa hote jAte haiN| jaina paramparA meM bhI ukta vicAradhArA kA hI samarthana pracuratayA prApta hotA hai| eka jainAcArya kI ukti isa prasaMga meM mananIya hai: dujaNasaMsaggIe saMkijjadi saMsado vi dosenn| pANAgAre duddhaM piyaMtao baMbhaNo ceva // (bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 346) - durjana ke saMsarga se nirdoSa vyakti bhI logoM dvArA doSayukta hI ginA jAtA hai| madirA-gRha meM jAkara dUdha pIne vAle brAhmaNa ko bhI loga madyapAyI (zarAbI) hI samajhate haiN| jinavANI spaSTa rUpa se durjana nIca va mUrkha kI saMgati se bacane tathA sajjanoM kI saMgati karane kI spaSTa preraNA detI hai: kujA sAhUhi saMyavaM (dazavai. 8/53) /

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-sajjanoM-sAdhuoM kI saMgati karanI caahie| alaM bAlassa saMgeNa (AcArAMga. 1/2/5) / -mUrkha/mUDha vyakti kI saMgati nahIM karanI caahie| khuDDehi saha saMsaggiM hAsaM kIDaM ca vje| (uttarA. 1/9) / -kSudra (nIca) logoM ke sAtha haMsI-majAka, khela khelane Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke saMsarga se bce| uparyukta samagra bhAratIya vicAradhArA kI pRSThabhUmi meM kucha kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| jahAM maharSi vAlmIki kA kathAnaka vaidika paramparA se hai, vahAM arjunamAlI va sulasa kasAI ke kathAnaka jaina paramparA se haiN| aMgulimAla kA jIvana-vRtta bauddhaparamparA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| ina sabhI kathAnakoM meM satsaMgati ke naitika upadeza kA samarthana to kathAkAra kA abhISTa rahA hI hai, sAtha hI satsaMgati se vyakti ke udAtta va pariSkRta hone kA nidarzana bhI hai| [1] arjunamAlI (gaina) arjunamAlI rAjagRha nagara kA rahane vAlA thA |kuch duSTa yuvakoM ne usake sAmane hI usakI patnI bandhumatI se balAtkAra kiyA to arjuna ke krodha kI sImA na rhii| usane apane iSTadeva mudgarapANi yakSa ko pukaaraa| yakSa arjuna meM praveza kara gyaa| yakSa kI zakti se arjunamAlI kI deha aparimita bala se sampanna ho gii| krodha aura bala kA sammilana huA to hiMsA kA dariyA baha gyaa| arjunamAlI ne hajAroM logoM ko mauta kI nIMda sulA diyaa| arjuna ke AtaMka se pUrA magadha pradeza tharrAne lgaa| bhayabhIta rAjagRhavAsiyoM ne nagaradvAra banda kara lie| rAjA-prajA kisI kA bhI vaza nahIM calA arjunamAlI pr| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra rAjagRha ke bAhara pdhaare| nagara ke zraddhAlu zrAvaka bhagavAn ke darzanoM ke lie utAvale bne| lekina bhagavAn taka jaina maMdika dharma kI sAra katika ekatA 2022

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pahuMcane ke lie arjunamAlI rUpI mauta kI nadI ko pAra karanA thaa| yaha sAhasa koI na juTA paayaa| mahAvIra ke paramabhakta sudarzana seTha rAjagRha meM rahate the| unheM bhI prabhu-padArpaNa kA susamAcAra milA / prabhu-darzana kI tIvra pyAsa balavatI huii| sudarzana ko sabhI ne rokane kA prayAsa kiyaa| arjumAlI kA bhaya dikhaayaa| lekina jise saccI lagana ho, use koI nahIM roka sktaa| mRtyu use bhayabhIta nahIM kara sktii| sudarzana nagara se bAhara nikale / guNazIlaka udyAna kI ora jahAM mahAvIra virAjita the, unake kadama bar3ha rahe the| sahasA arjunamAlI udhara se A niklaa| nirbhaya sudarzana ko dekhakara usane mudagara ghumAyA aura aTTahAsa karate hue unheM mArane ko daudd'aa| aMgulimAla bauddha sAhitya meM aMgulImAla nAmaka eka DAkU kI kathA AtI hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki DAkU bhI saMta bana sakatA hai| kathA isa prakAra hai aMgulimAla nAma kA eka krUra DAkU thaa| usane nizcaya kiyA thA ki eka hajAra logoM ko mArakara unakI aMguliyoM kI mAlA banA kara vaha apane gale meM dhAraNa kregaa| isIlie usakA nAma aMgulimAla par3a gayA thaa| __aMgulimAla ke lie kisI kI hatyA kara denA kaThina kArya na thaa| usakA hRdaya ArtanAda suna-sunakara patthara kA ho gayA thaa| vaha nau sau ninyAnabe logoM ko mAra cukA thaa| nau sau ninyAnabe aMguliyoM kI mAlA usake gale meM thii| apane eka hajAraveM zikAra kI khoja meM vaha jaMgala meM bhaTaka rahA thaa| tathAgata buddha AtmasAdhanA kara rahe the| aMgulimAla kI dRSTi buddha para pdd'ii| vaha bar3A prasanna huaa| raudra rUpa dhAraNa kie hue vaha buddha kI hatyA karane ke lie unakI ora bddh'aa| buddha abhaya the| zAnta, daant-nirbhy| aMgulimAla Azcaryacakita ho utthaa| Aja taka usane mRtyu se bhAgate bhayabhIta logoM ko hI dekhA thaa| abhaya puruSa ko samakSa dekhakara Aja vaha svayaM bhayabhIta ho gyaa| tathAgata ke hRdaya kI karuNA aMgulimAla para bhii| ve bole- "dasyurAja! kyA cAhate ho?" "maiM tumhArA vadha karanA cAhatA huuN|" aMgulimAla bolA-"tumhArI aMgulI kATakara apanI aMgulimAlA ko pUrNa kruuNgaa|" "merI hatyA se pahale merA eka choTA sA kArya kara do|" buddha ne khaa| "kahie! kyA karUM?" aMgulimAla ne puuchaa| sitIya mAS.203

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mRtyu sAkSAt thii| sudarzana seTha ne prabhu ko bhAvavandana kiyA aura sAgarI saMthArA dhAraNa karake dhyAnastha ho ge| arjuna sudarzana ke samakSa phuNcaa| mudgara ghumaayaa| lekina yaha kyA? mudgara vAlA hAtha jar3a ho gayA! arjuna ne sudarzana ko apalaka dekhA / arjuna kI deha meM saMsthita yakSa sudarzana ke teja kA sAmanA na kara skaa| vaha arjuna kI deha se nikala kara bhAga gyaa| arjuna kI deha niDhAla ho gaI thii| vaha khar3A na raha skaa| cha: mAha se vaha nirAhAra thaa| sudarzana ne upasarga TalA jAnakara dhyAna kholaa| arjuna kI dazA para unheM bar3I karuNA aaii| unhoMne arjuna ko sNbhaalaa| arjuna ne sudarzana ko praNAma karate hue pUchA- "Apa kahAM jA rahe haiM?' "maiM mahAvIra kA upAsaka huuN|" sudarzana seTha bole- "mahAvIra guNazIlaka meM virAjita haiN| unhIM ke darzanoM ke lie maiM jA rahA huuN|" ___"mahAvIra kauna haiM?" arjuna ne puuchaa| .. "mahAvIra jinadharma ke pravartaka haiN|' sudarzana seTha bole- "ve karuNA aura ahiMsA ke paramAvatAra haiN| ve maMgala aura kalyANa ke dvAra haiN| rAjA aura raMka, pApI aura puNyAtmA sabhI para ve eka dRSTi rakhate haiN| unakA dvAra sabhI ke lie khulA hai|' "kyA mujha jaise adhama aura hiMsaka ke lie bhI?" arjuna ne "sAmane vRkSa se kucha patte tor3a laao|" buddha bole| aMgulimAla ne jhaTapaTa buddha kA kArya kara diyaa| aMgulimAla ne buddha ko patte dete hue apanI talavAra khiiNcii| buddha bole-"dhairya rakho aMgulimAla! aba ina pattoM ko inakI zAkhA para punaHsthApita kara do, jor3a do|" * aMgulimAla sahamate hue bolA- "yaha asaMbhava hai| DAla se TUTA huA pattA dobArA jur3a nahIM sakatA hai| yaha kArya mujhase nahIM hogaa|" buddha bole-"jo jor3a na sake, use tor3ane kA bhI koI adhikAra nahIM hai| aMgulimAla! tuma tor3ane meM bar3e kuzala ho| parantu jor3anA nahIM jAnate ho| tuma jIvana chInanA jAnate ho, denA nhiiN| tumane hajAroM logoM se unake jIvana chIne haiM, lekina kyA Aja taka eka ko bhI jIvana de sake ho?" buddha kI vANI ne aMgulimAla ke hRdaya meM uthala-puthala macA dii| usakA jIvana badala gyaa| usane buddha ke caraNa pakar3a kara sadA-sadA ke lie hiMsA kA tyAga kara diyaa| parArtha aura paramArtha ke lie usane apanA jIvana arpita kara diyaa| jaina dharma padika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA /204

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puuchaa| "kyoM nhiiN|" sudarzana ne kahA- "arjuna! satya to yahI hai ki ve mahAprabhu tumhAre uddhAra ke lie hI yahAM padhAre haiN| tuma mere sAtha clo| tumhAre bhItara saMcita pApa-paMka ko unakI amRta-dezanA prakSAlita kara DAlegI / " sudarzana ne sahArA dekara arjuna ko utthaayaa| donoM cala par3e prabhu ke darzanoM ke lie| rAjagRha kI prAcIroM se hajAroM loga yaha dRzya dekha rahe the / prabhu-mahimA ko dekhakara hajAroM hRdaya gadgada ho ge| chaH mAha se banda rAjagRha ke dvAra khula gae / arjunamAlI mahAvIra ke pAsa phuNce| mahAvIra kI amRtavarSiNI vANI meM snAna karake unheM zItalatA kI anubhUti milI / sudarzana to lauTa Ae para arjunamAlI nahIM lautte| unhoMne muni-dharma aMgIkAra kara liyA / chaH mAha taka arjuna muni ne saMyama kA pAlana kiyaa| logoM ne unheM bhojana ke sthAna para gAliyAM aura pratAr3anA diiN| atyanta samatAzIla rahate hue kSamA bhAva ke jala se unhoMne saMcita pApoM ko dho ddaalaa| chaH mAha meM krodha se ekatrita pApoM ko chaH mAha meM hI kSamA, tapa aura samatA se naSTa kara DAlA / 'kevala jJAna' prApta kara ve mokSAdhikArI bane / [ anta kRt mUtra se ] [2] mulasa kasAI (jaina) ar3hAI hajAra varSa pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra isa dharAdhAma para vicaraNa karate hue jana-jana ke mana kI dharA para ahiMsA aura karUNA kA vAsantI varSaNa karate the / eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjagRha nagara ke bAhara guNazIlaka udyAna meM pdhaare| rAjagRha kI janamedinI bhagavAn ke darzanoM ke lie umar3a par3I / magadhadeza ke mahAmaMtrI abhayakumAra ko jaba bhagavAn ke padhArane kI sUcanA milI to ve atyanta utsAhita hote hue naMge pairoM hI prabhu -darzana ke lie cala par3e / dvitIya khaNDa 205

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jaMgala meM akele aura naMge paira calate hue abhayakumAra ke paira meM eka zUla cubha gyaa| ve laMgar3A kara calane lge| rAjagRha nagara ke kukhyAta kasAI kAlasokarika kA putra 'sulasa' zikAra ke lie jaMgala meM ghUma rahA thaa| usane magadha meM mahAmaMtrI ko naMge paira aura binA surakSA vyavasthA ke dekhaa| use Azcarya huaa| vaha abhayakumAra ke nikaTa AyA aura unheM praNAma karake apanA Azcarya prakaTa kiyA- "mahAmaMtrI! Aja isa avasthA meM kahAM jA rahe haiM? na ratha, na senA aura na hI jUtA!' abhayakumAra sulasa ko jAnate the| unhoMne kahA- "salasa! pahale mere paira meM cubhe zUla ko nikaalo| bAda meM maiM tumhAre prazna kA uttara duuNgaa|" sulasa ne tIra kI tIkSNa noka se abhaya kumAra ke paira se zUla nikAla diyaa| unheM bar3A ArAma milaa| ve bole-"sulasa! guNazIlaka udyAna meM bhagavAn mahAvIra Ae haiN| ve parama vaidya haiN| ve jIvana meM cubhe hiMsA-ghRNA aura adharma ke zUloM ko nikAlate haiN| maiM unhIM ke pAsa jA rahA huuN|" __ "kyA maiM bhI Apake sAtha calUM?" sulasa ne pUchA- "kyA vaha dvAra mere lie bhI khulA hai?" ___ "kyoM nahIM, sulasa!' abhaya bole-"mahAvIra kA dvAra pratyeka kA apanA dvAra hai| ve saba kI cikitsA karate haiN|' ___ guNazIlaka taka ke mArga meM mahAmaMtrI abhaya aura sulasa ke madhya madhura vArtAlApa calatA rhaa| abhaya ke samadhura vyavahAra aura nizchala pyAra ne sulasa ke hRdaya meM parivartana ke bIja bo die| ve donoM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sabhA meM phuNce| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA aura karuNA jaise AtmaguNoM para prakAza DAlA tathA jIvahiMsA aura krUratA ko duHkha va patana kA kAraNa btaayaa| prabhu ke upadeza ne sulasa kA hRdaya AmUlacUla badala ddaalaa| usane AjIvana ahiMsA pAlana kA vrata grahaNa kara liyaa| sulasa ghara lauttaa| usane apane pitA kAlasorika ko jIvavadha kA vyApAra chor3ane ke lie khaa| kAlasokarika jIvavadha ko hI apanA dharma samajhatA thaa| usane apane putra kI bAta nahIM maanii| sulasa ne apanI patnI ke sAtha apane pitA kA ghara chor3a diyaa| ghAsa-phUsa kI eka kuTiyA banAkara vaha apanI patnI ke sAtha rahane lgaa| AjIvikA ke lie usane rUI kI pUniyAM jana TikArga kI sAskRtika ekatA 206)

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banAnA zuru kara diyaa| vaha pUniyA zrAvaka ke nAma se jagat-prasiddha huaa| . pitA kAla sokarika ne apane putra sulasa ko paitRka dhandhe meM lauTAne ke aneka prayAsa kie| usane eka rAtrI meM sulasa kI jhopar3I meM Aga lagavA dii| jhopar3I aura usameM saMgrahIta rUI jala kara svAhA ho gii| mahAmaMtrI abhaya kumAra ko sulasa kI sthiti kI sUcanA milI to ve usake pAsa pahuMce aura use sundara bhavana dene kA prastAva rkhaa| sulasa ne ise vinamratA se asvIkAra kara diyaa| _ jhopar3I ke punarnirmANa tathA rUI jalane se hue nukasAna ko pUrA karane ke lie sulasa aura usakI patnI ne kramazaH eka dina bhojana na karane kA saMkalpa liyaa| nirantara eka varSa taka yaha krama claa| eka dina sulasa upavAsI rahate to dUsare dina usakI patnI / akSaya tRtIyA ke dina yaha krama pUrNa huaa| abhayakumAra aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI saMgati ne sulasa ko zikArI se pUNiyA zrAvaka banA diyA thaa| vaha pUNiyA zrAvaka jisake lie svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne rAjA zreNika se kahA thA ki yadi vaha pUNiyA zrAvaka kI eka sAmAyika bhI kharIda sakegA to usakA narakabaMdha TUTa jaaegaa| lekina rAjA zreNika pUNiyA zrAvaka kI eka sAmAyika ko pUrA rAjya dekara bhI nahIM kharIda sakA thaa| aisA mahAn sAdhaka bana gayA thA-sulasa! [3] vAlmIki vidika) ratnAkara nAma kA eka yuvaka kusaMgati meM par3akara luTerA bana gyaa| vaha jaMgala meM Ane-jAne vAle musAphiroM ko lUTatA thA aura unakA vadha kara detA thaa| yahI thA usake jIvana kA krm| eka bAra maharSi nArada se usakA sAmanA huaa| usane nArada ko lalakArA / nArada usa yuvaka para dayArdra ho ge| unhoMne kahA- "yuvaka! yaha saba kisake lie kara rahe ho?" tiIya taNDa/207

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"mere parivAra ke lie !" ratnAkara kA uttara thA / "tumhArA parivAra kyA tumhAre pApoM kA phala bhogate hue kyA tumhArA sAtha degA ?" nArada ne "kyoM nahIM!" ratnAkara bole - " avazya ve mere pApoM ke phala ko bhI bAMTeMge / " puuchaa| "jarA unase pUcha to lo / " nArada bole - " maiM bhAgUMgA nahIM, yadi tumheM saMdeha hai to mujhe vRkSa se bAMdha jAo / " ratnAkara ne nArada ko vRkSa meM bAMdha diyaa| usane ghara jAkara apanI patnI se prazna kiyA - "kyA tuma mere pApoM ke phala ke bhAgIdAra banogI ?" "maiM kyoM bhAgIdAra banUMgI?" patnI ne uttara diyA- "jo karegA, vahI bhregaa| tuma hamArA pAlana-poSaNa karate ho, yaha hama para tumhArA ahasAna nahIM hai / yaha tumhArA pharja hai jo tumheM nibhAnA hI hai / ise pApa karake nibhAo yA dharma krke| yaha tuma para nirbhara hai / " "ratnAkara kI AMkha khula gii| vaha daur3A huA AyA aura nArada jI ke caraNoM meM gira pdd'aa| nAradajI ne use rAma-nAma smaraNa kA upadeza diyA / ratnAkara ne akhaNDa samAdhi lagAkara rAma-nAma japa zurU kara diyA / " yuga bIta ge| devarSi nArada udhara se lautte| dekhA-bAMbiyoMlma se rAma nAma kI dhvani nikala rahI hai / ve samajha ge| unhoMne use pukArA / ratnAkara valmIka (bAMbI) se nikalane ke kAraNa vAlmIki nAma se vikhyAta hue| eka luTere ke jIvana se Upara uTha kara ratnAkara aba eka lokamAnya maharSi bana gae the / vahI maharSi vAlmIki jo rAmAyaNa ke racayitA hue| krauMca - yugala meM se eka kA vadha dekhakara inhIM ke hRdaya-kaNTha se Adi kavitA kA prathama chanda phUTa nikalA thA - mA niSAda pratiSThAM tvamagamaH zAzvatIH samAH / yatkrauJcamithunAdekam avadhIH kAmamohitam // - he niSAda ! tuma ananta varSoM taka pratiSThA se vaMcita rahosarvadA apratiSThA/apayaza pAte raho kyoMki tumane prema bhAvanA meM nimagna krauMca pakSI ke jor3e meM se eka ko mAra girAyA hai| OOO dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 208

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saMsAra ke prAyaH sabhI dharmoM meM kahA gayA hai- pApa se ghRNA karo, pApI se nahIM / pApa ko mAro, pApI ko nahIM / pApa Satara ke lie pApI kA vadha kara denA buddhimattA nahIM hai / yaha to vaisI hI bAta huI ki jaise eka DAkTara rogI kA roga dUra karane ke lie use hI samApta kara de| DAkTara rogI kA nahIM, roga kA zatru hotA hai| rogI kI rakSA ke lie hI vaha roga ko naSTa karatA hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki pApI yA dharmAtmA honA vyakti kI sthiti se sambaddha hai / mAnasika sthiti eka jaisI nahIM hotii| zubha vicAra kA vyakti dharmAtmA kahalAtA hai to azubha vicAroM se pApI / ataH kisI pApI ko jAna se mAra dene kI * apekSA usake mana meM zubha- vicAroM ko saMkrAnta karanA adhika zreyaskara hogA / kUratA, hiMsA, dveSa, nirdayatA Adi durbhAvanAoM kA vinAza dayA, karuNA, ahiMsA, maitrI, sauhArda Adi sadbhAvanAoM ke mAdhyama se hI saMbhava hai, na ki durbhAvanA vAle vyakti ke sAtha durbhAvanA kA vyavahAra karane se / bhAratIya saMskRti ke isI sanAtana satya va udAtta cintana kA nidarzana uparyukta kathAnakoM meM huA hai / vaidika dhArA ke vAlmIki, jaina vicAradhArA ke arjunamAlI evaM sulasa kasAI tathA bauddha dhArA ke aMgulimAla - ye tInoM carita nAyaka apane jIvana ke pUrva bhAga meM AkaNTha hiMsAdi pApoM meM DUbe hue the, parantu bAda meM ve paramapUjya bana gae / maharSi nArada ratnAkara ko, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne arjunamAlI va sulasa kasAI ko, tathAgata buddha ne aMgulimAla ko saddharma kA upadeza dekara, tathA durbhAvanA ke badale sadbhAva kA vyavahAra kara, inake jIvana kI adhogAminI sthiti ko badala diyA, unake cintana ko jhakajhora diyA jisase unheM apane azubha vicAroM va duSkRtyoM kA bhAna huA, pariNAmasvarUpa ve dharmAtmA bana gae / dvitIya sapDa 209

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isI prasaMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ukti bhI caritArtha hotI hai- 'kamme sUrA se dhamme sUrA' arthAt jo sAMsArika karmoM meM zUra-vIra haiM, ve hI satsaMgati pAkara dharmakAryoM meM bhI zUravIra ho sakate haiM, dharmAtmAoM meM bhI agraNI ho sakate haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti ke ukta cirantana satya kI spaSTa abhivyakti uparyukta kathAnakoM meM huI hai| sabhI dharmoM meM, dhArmika paramparAoM meM ukta satya ko aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai, isIlie 'pApa se ghRNA karo, pApI se nahIM' yaha mAnyatA sarvamAnya bana gaI hai| -- nissandeha pratyeka vyakti meM amara ujjvala Atma-jyoti vidyamAna rahatI hai, kintu karmoM ke kAraNa vaha jyoti AvRta ho hai aura apanA tejasvI rUpa prakaTa nahIM kara paatii| vahI AvaraNa jaba satsaMga ke prabhAva se dUra hotA hai taba niSkaluSa zuddha AtmA kI jyoti ko abhivyakta hone se koI nahIM roka sakatA / uparyukta kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se yaha satya svataH hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 210

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bhakti kI zakti (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) saMsAra ke prAyaH sabhI dharmoM meM eka bAta vizeSa rUpa se svIkRta hai| vaha yaha ki jaba saMsAra ke sabhI sahAre chUTa jAte haiM- koI sahArA nahIM dikhAI detA, taba koI adRzya zakti hI sahAyaka bana kara AtI hai| usa adRzya zakti ko ko vaidika dharmI bhagavAn kahate haiN| eka prasiddha suvacana bhI hai'nirbala ke bala raam'| usa zakti ko AtmavAdI zramaNadharmI dhArmika zraddhAbala kahate haiN| eka ke lie bhagavannAma AdhAra banatA hai to dUsare ke lie parameSThI paramAtmA ke prati namana/samarpaNa kA pratIka- mahAmaMtra nvkaar| bhagavAn yA mahAmaMtra navakAra-inakI ArAdhanA hI sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kA lakSya hotA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne to dharma ke atirikta dRzyamAna samasta sahAroM ko mithyA aura bhrama ke atirikta kucha nahIM maanaa| unhoMne pukAra kara kahA jarAmaraNavegeNaM bujjhamANANaM paanninnN| dhammo dIvo paiTTho ya gaI saraNamuttamaM // -jarA aura mRtyu ke teja pravAha meM bahate hue isa prANI ke lie dharma hI ekamAtra sahArA hai| vahI pratiSThA hai aura uttama gati hai| dharma zaraNa hai to usake parama upadezaka tIrthaMkara bhagavAn to sabhI ke lie parama zaraNa hoMge- yaha nirvivAda hai| isI dRSTi se bauddha paramparA ritIya saNDa/211

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meM 'dhammaM zaraNaM gacchAmi' ke sAtha 'buddhaM zaraNaM gacchAmi' bhI bolA jAtA hai| jaina dharma ke upadezaka tIrthaMkarAdi to vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM nahIM, isalie unakA smaraNa karake hI apane hRdaya meM pratiSThApita kiyA jAnA sambhava hai| jaina paramparA meM navakAra maMtra (namaskAra maMtra) paramparA se zraddhA se paDhA, sunA evaM japA jAtA hai| maMtra tIrthaMkarAdi paMca parameSThiyoM (sarvottama pratiSThAprApta vyaktitvoM) kI smRti karA kara unake prati vandanA-namana karane kA pramukha sAdhana hai| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki tIrthaMkarAdi ke prati namana vyakti-pUjA nahIM hai, apitu unake guNoM ke mAhAtmya ko svIkArate hue, svayaM meM una guNoM ko avatarita kiye jAne kI bhAvanA se kiyA gayA vinaya-pradarzana hai| isalie kahA gayA hai vande tdgunnlbdhye| __(tattvArthasUtra kA maMgalAcaraNa) - hama prabhu ko vandana karate haiM tAki unake guNa hameM prApta hoM, hama una jaise guNa-sampanna bana jaaeN| ukta namaskAra maMtra ke mAdhyama se tIrthaMkarAdi ke sAtha kI gaI zraddhA-pUrvaka ekAgratA jo kI jAtI hai, vaha ArAdhaka va ArAdhya kI ekAtmatA ko sthApita karatI hai| jainAcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai- yatraiva jAyate zraddhA cittaM tatraiva lIyate (smaadhishtk-95)| arthAt jisa ArAdhya kA zraddhApUrvaka smaraNa, dhyAna Adi kiyA jAtA hai, citta usI meM lIna ho jAtA hai, ArAdhyarUpa hI ho jAtA hai| paramAtmA ke sAtha hI ekAgratA ucca sthiti meM zukla dhyAna kI utkRSTa pariNati bana jAtI hai aura vyakti svayaM paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| prabhu-vandanA se prazasta karmoM kA bandhana hotA hai aura saubhAgya Adi zubha phala svataH prakaTa hote jAte haiM vandaNaeNaM nIyAgoyaM kamma khvei| uccAgoyaM nibndhi| sohaggaM ca... nivvattei (uttarA. sU. 29/11) / arthAt vandanA se vyakti nIca gotra karma kA kSaya karatA hai, ucca gotra kA bandha karatA hai| vaha apratihata (akhaNDa) saubhAgya Adi prApta karatA hai| jaina AcArya ne prabhu-stuti karate hue kahA hai- jinendra guNasaMstutistava manAgapi prastutA, bhavatyakhilakarmaNAM prahataye paraM kAraNam (paatrkesristotr,1)| arthAt he jinendra! tumhAre guNoM kI stuti thor3I-sI bhI kI jAya to vaha samasta karmoM kA vinAza kara detI hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne 'upasargahAra athAt vandanA sa jaina dharma padika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/2125

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stotra' meM kahA hai- tujjha paNAmo vi bahuphalo hoi- arthAt he jinendra! tumheM kiyA gayA mAtra praNAma bhI aneka acche phaloM ko pradAna karatA hai| 'namaskAra mahAmaMtra' prabhuparameSThiyoM kI vandanA hai, unakA tathA unake guNoM kA zraddhApUrNa smaraNa hai, sAtha hI unakA ekAgratA-svarUpa dhyAna bhI hai| ye sabhI kriyAeM mAnasika zuddhi ko pratiphalita karatI huIM sAMsArika saMkaToM ke kAraNa azubha karmoM ko kSINa yA nirbala karatI haiM, pariNAmataH saMkaTa svataH samApta ho jAte haiN| yahI namaskAra mahAmantra ke camatkAra kI saiddhAntika vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| jaina purANoM meM tathA jaina AgamoM ke kathAsAhitya meM prabhu-bhakti va namaskAra mahAmantra ke cAmatkArika prabhAva ke poSaka aneka kathAnaka prApta hote haiN| vaidika paramparA meM bhI prabhu-bhakti evaM bhakta dvArA kiye gae prabhu-smaraNa kI adbhuta camatkArapUrNa upalabdhiyoM kA pracura nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai| vaidika RSi kI prArthanA hai- na stotAraM nide karaH (Rgveda, 6/45/ 27) arthAt he paramezvara! tuma apane bhakta (stuti karane vAle) ko kabhI nindA kA pAtra nahIM banane dete| vaidika purANoM meM svayaM bhagavAn ne bhakti ke mahattva ko isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA hai na sAdhayati mAM yogo na sAMkhyaM dharma uddhava / na svAdhyAyastapastyAgo yathA bhktirmmorjitaa| __ (bhAgavata pu. 11/14/20) - he uddhava! mujhe yoga, sAMkhya, svAdhyAya, tapa, tyAga Adi dharma utanA prasanna nahIM karate, jitanI ki mere prati kI gaI bhakti mujhe prasanna karatI hai| madbhaktiyukto bhuvanaM punaati| (bhAgavata pu. 11/14/24) - merA bhakta samasta loka ko pavitra kara sakatA hai| bhakti se AtmA kI karma-maloM se zuddhi ho jAtI hai aura karmajanita doSoM se bhakta aspRSTa ho jAtA hai: yathAgninA hema malaM jahAti, dhyAtaM punaH svaM bhajate ca ruupm| AtmA ca karmAnuzayaM vidhUya madbhaktiyogena bhajatyayo maam|| . (bhAgavata, 11/14/25) dvitIya gaNDa/213

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jaise agni ke saMparka se sabhI maloM se chUTa kara sonA zuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai, usI prakAra bhakta ke samparka se bhakti kI AtmA karmajanya sabhI doSoM se rahita hokara zuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara letI hai| prabhu ke nAma kA smaraNa yA unake maMtra kA japa -ye kArya bhakti ke hI aMga hai| rAmacaritamAnasa meM bhakta zabarI ko bhagavAn rAma ne kahA thA- maMtrajApa mama dRDha vishvaasaa| paMcama bhajana so vedaprakAsA (rAmacaritamAnasa, araNya. 35/1)- arthAt bhakti ke nava rUpoM meM pAMcavAM bheda hai- rAmanAma maMtra kA japa aura dRDha (zraddhA va) vishvaas| ataH prabhunAmasmaraNa yA japa Adi se bhI azubha karmoM kI kSINatA, nirbalatA, evaM Atma-vizuddhi hokara bhakta bhagavAn kA itanA priya ho jAtA hai ki usake sAmane koI saMkaTa Thahara hI nahIM pAte / bhakta para hone vAlI bhagavAn kI asIma kRpA ke cAmatkArika prabhAvoM kA nidarzana vaidika paramparA ke purANa-sAhitya meM pracura mAtrA meM prApta hote haiN| yahAM vaidika va jaina- donoM sAMskRtika paramparAoM se jur3e kucha kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe hai| jayakumAra kA kathAnaka jaina paramparA se, tathA draupadI va gaja-grAha kI kathAeM vaidika paramparA se cunI gaI haiN| prabhunAma smaraNa se kabhI kabhI camatkArapUrNa ghaTanA ghaTita ho jAtI hai- isa satya kA nidarzana donoM paramparAoM ke kathAnakoM meM samAna rUpa se karAyA gayA hai, jo paThanIya va mananIya hai| kathAnakoM ke pAtra va sthala Adi bhinna ho sakate haiM, kintu satya-kathya aura tathya eka hI hai| [1] jayakumAra kA jalasaMkaTa (jaina) tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva ke pautra tathA bAhubalI ke putra somaprabha hastinApura meM rAjya karate the| unakI rAnI kA nAma lakSmIvatI thaa| unake jyeSTha putra kA nAma jayakumAra thaa| jayakumAra na kevala apane mAtA pitA ko priya thA balki prajA bhI usase bahuta pyAra karatI thii| yauvanAvasthA meM jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sArakRtika ekatA/2140

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jayakumAra kA vivAha zrImatI nAmaka eka rAjakumArI se kiyA gyaa| pitA ke zrAmaNI dIkSA lene ke bAda jayakumAra hastinApura ke rAjA bne| . eka bAra jayakumAra vana-bhramaNa ko ge| vahAM para unheM zIlagupta nAmaka eka muni ke darzana hue| unhoMne dezanA bhI sunii| vahIM eka sarpayugala rahatA thaa| sarpayugala ne bhI muni kI dezanA sunii| unheM samyaktva kI prApti ho gii| lekina kucha hI kSaNa ke pazcAt mausama badalA / AkAza meM bijalI kauNdhii| bijalI nara sarpa para gira pdd'ii| tatkAla usakI mRtyu ho gii| dharmazravaNa ke prabhAva se vaha marakara nAgakumAra deva bnaa| kucha dinoM bAda punaH eka bAra jayakumAra vana-bhramaNa ko ge| unake sAtha aneka aMgarakSaka the| jayakumAra ne dekhA ki vahI sarpiNI eka anya sarpa kAkodara ke sAtha ramaNa kara rahI hai| jayakumAra ne usa sarpa aura sarpiNI ko dhikkArA aura isa duSkRtya para unakI piTAI bhI kara dii| jayakumAra Age bddh'e| unake aMgarakSakoM ne bhI nAganAgina ko piittaa| Ahata nAga aura nAgina jayakumAra ke prati krodha se bhare the| kAkodara sarpa marakara gaMgA nadI meM kAlI nAma kA jaladevatA banA / Ahata sarpiNI ko apane kRtya para pazcAttApa huA aura isIlie vaha marakara nAgakumAra devoM meM devI rUpa meM utpanna huii| vahAM bhI use apanA pUrva jIvana sAthI nAgadeva pati rUpa meM prApta huaa| sarpiNI ko apanA mRtyu-kSaNa yAda AyA / vaha jayakumAra ke prati krodha se bharI hI thI, ataH usane apanA duSkRtya chipAte hue apane pati se jayakumAra kI zikAyata kara dii| nAgakumAra apanI patnI ko kaSTa dene vAle ke prati roSa se bhara uThA / vaha jayakumAra ko sabaka sikhAne ke lie nAgarUpa meM hastinApura ke vATikA-bhavana meM phuNcaa| usa samaya jayakumAra apanI rAnI ko usI sarpiNI kA caritra sunA rahe the| nAgakumAra apanI patnI ke caritra se paricita ho cukA thaa| usane devarUpa meM pragaTa hokara jayakumAra se kSamA mAMgI aura use ratnarAzi kA kalaza dekara vilupta ho gyaa| unhIM dinoM meM vArANasI-nareza akampana ne apanI putrI sulocanA ke vivAha ke lie svayaMvara kA Ayojana kiyaa| dUra dezoM ke rAjA usa svayaMvara meM AmaMtrita the| AmaMtritoM meM jayakumAra bhI the| rAjakumArI sulocanA ne jayakumAra ko hI apanA vara cunaa| zeSa rAjA isase tilamilA utthe| phalasvarUpa yuddha huaa|jykumaar vijayI hue| vijaya ke pazcAt, jayakumAra 1sAya mA215

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ne apanI navapariNItA patnI sulocanA aura senA ke sAtha hastinApura ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| hAthI para AsIna jayakumAra gaMgA ke kinAre cala rahe the| acAnaka hAthI ne gaMgA meM praveza kiyaa| madhya gaMgA meM pahuMcakara hAthI kA paira eka gaDDhe meM dhaMsa gyaa| vahIM para 'kAlI' nAma kA jaladeva rahatA thaa| 'kAlI' ne jJAnabala se jJAta kara liyA ki hAthI para vahI jayakumAra AsIna hai jisane use pUrva janma meM mArA thaa| 'kAlI' ne badale kI bhAvanA se hAthI kA paira pakar3a liyA gahare jala meM khIMcane lgaa| ___ mRtyu-saMkaTa sAkSAt thaa| senA aura anya rakSaka kucha na kara ske| jayakumAra jala meM DUbane ke nikaTa the| sulocanA kA hRdaya pati ko DUbate dekha hAhAkAra kara utthaa| usane sahAyatA ke lie idhara-udhara nihaaraa| lekina usa kSaNa saba sahAre asahAre siddha hue| antataH sulocanA ne nayana banda karake pazcaparameSThI mantrarAja navakAra kA smaraNa kiyaa| sacce hRdaya se uThe mantra kI zakti ne gaMgA nadI kI adhiSThAtrI devI gaMgA ke siMhAsana ko DolA diyaa| gaMgA devI pragaTa huI aura usane 'kAlI' jaladeva ko pratAr3ita karate hue usase jayakumAra aura usake.hAthI kI rakSA kii| tatpazcAt vaha sulocanA ko namaskAra karake antardhAna ho gii| - vizAla senA sahita svayaM jayakumAra ne mahAmaMtra kI mahAna zakti kA sAkSAta darzana kiyaa| sabhI kI zraddhA mahAmaMtra ke prati aTUTa aura gaharI ho gii| jaba sabhI AdhAra nirAdhAra siddha ho jAte haiM, mahAmaMtra kA mahAdhAra taba bhI manuSya ke sAtha rahatA hai| bAta kevala usa para zraddhA kI hai| [2] gaja aura grAha vidika) eka rAjA the| unakA nAma indradyumna thaa|kisii aparAdha para eka RSi ne unheM zApa de diyaa| zApa ke phalasvarupa indradyumna gaja-hAthI bana ge| ukta gajarAja kSIrasAgara ke taTa para trikUTa parvata ke nikaTa hathiniyoM ke samUha kA svAmitva karatA huA vicarane lgaa| trikUTa parvata ke jana bhae padika Arga kI sArakatika ekatA 2160K

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nikaTa hI eka svaccha jala se pUrita eka kamala sarovara thA / usa sarovara meM eka balazAlI grAha rahatA thaa| vaha grAha bhI pUrva meM hUhU nAmaka gaMdharva thA / vaha bhI eka RSi ke zApa ke kAraNa makara yoni bhoga rahA thA / eka bAra gajarAja hathiniyoM ke sAtha trikUTa ke usa sarovara meM jala-vihAra kara rahA thA / hasti-samUha ke jala-praveza se zAnta sarovara azAnta ho gyaa| isase grAha krodhita ho utthaa| usane gajarAja ko pakar3a liyA / gajarAja ko apane bala para ghamaNDa thA / so vaha bhI grAha se ulajha gayA / gaja aura grAha ke madhya yuddha hone lagA / kahAvata hai- jala meM rahakara magara se vaira mRtyu kA hI kAraNa banatA hai / phira vaha to balazAlI grAha thA / usake bala ke samakSa hAthI kA bala thaka gayA / grAha gaja ko gahare jala meM khIMca le gayA / gaja kI AMkhoM meM mRtyu kA bhaya jhalaka uThA / usane grAha se chUTane kI lAkha koziza kI, parantu saba vyartha / gaja ke sUMDa kA agrabhAga hI jala se bAhara bacA thaa| basa prANa gae - yaha naubata A pahuMcI thI / gaja ne nirbala ke bala rAma - bhagavAn kA smaraNa Artta bhAva se kiyA / bhAgavata purANa meM batAyA gayA hai- jajApa paramaM jApyaM prAgjanmanyanuzikSitam (bhAgavata pu. 8/3/1) arthAt gajendra ko saMkaTa kI isa ghar3I meM prabhu kA mantra smaraNa ho AyA jo usane pUrvajanma meM sIkhA thA / usa parama mantra kA japa usane prArambha kiyA / yaha mantra prabhu-vandanA rUpa hI hai, jisakA prArambha 'namo bhagavate' isa pada se hotA hai (draSTavyaH bhAgavata - 8 / 3 / 2 ) / Artta bhakta kI pukAra sunate hI bhagavAn daur3a par3e / grAhako mAra kara gaja kI prANarakSA kI / grAha apane divya rUpa ko prApta kara gaMdharva loka meM gyaa| isa taraha bhakta gajarAja kI pukAra sArthaka huii| [3] draupadI kI rakSA (vaidika) draupadI mahArAjA drupada kI putrI thI / usakA vivAha arjuna se huA thA / vaidika aura jaina- ina donoM paramparAoM meM vaha mahAsatI svIkAra kI gaI hai| pAMca mahAn balazAlI pANDuputroM ke sammukha aura dvitIya khaNDa / 217

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apanI hI rAjyasabhA meM jaba vastra-haraNa kA abhizApa use jhelanA par3A, usa samaya zrIkRSNa ke rUpa meM usa sarvazaktimAn adRzya zakti ne hI usakI rakSA kI thii| hastinApura-nareza dhRtarASTra putramoha meM andhe ho cuke the ki kulamaryAdA ko tAka para rakhakara unhoMne apane anuja-putra yudhiSThira kA haqa apane putra duryodhana ko de diyA / saMgharSa calA / hastinApura svArtha kI vedI para car3hakara do hissoM meM baMTa gyaa| isa para bhI yudhiSThira ke mana meM maila na thaa| usane apane bhAiyoM kI sahAyatA se indraprastha nAmaka nagara bsaayaa| indraprastha kA rAjamahala atIva bhavya thaa| isI mahala meM duryodhana jala ko thala samajhakara gira par3A to draupadI muskarA dI aura bolI'andhe kI andhI sntaan'| draupadI ke ye zabda duryodhana ke kAnoM meM pighale hue zIze kI taraha utara ge| usane kaThora nizcaya kara liyA ki vaha eka dina draupadI ko sabaka sikhaaegaa| rAjya-lipsA ne duryodhana ko andhA banA diyA thaa| vaha indraprastha ko har3apanA cAhatA thA / yuddha meM vaha pANDavoM ko harA nahIM sakatA thaa| ataH usane kapaTa kA Azraya liyaa| usane pANDavoM ke pAsa dyUtakrIr3A kA prastAva bhejaa| isa prastAva ko yudhiSThira ne svIkAra kara liyaa| isa dyUtakrIr3A kA pitAmaha bhISma Adi vRddha kurUjanoM ne avazya virodha kiyA parantu tatkAlIna abhizapta rAjasI pAramparika rItiyoM ke pAlanArtha yudhiSThira ko vivazatayA dyUtakrIr3A meM hissA lenA pdd'aa| nizcita samaya para pAMcoM pANDava hastinApura phuNce| draupadI bhI unake sAtha thii| duryodhana ne apanI kapaTalIlA ko Age bar3hAte hue yudhiSThira kI isa bAta ke lie bhI svIkRti le lI ki dAMva vaha lagAegA aura usakI ora se pAse zakunI phekeNgaa| ... dyUta vinAza kA mUla hai| dyUta vaha abhizApa hai jo bar3e-bar3e rAjAoM ko dara-dara kA bhikhArI banA detA hai| bhAratIya kathA sAhitya meM aise aneka kathAnaka haiM jo cUta ke vinAzaka pariNAma darzAte haiN| do samrAToM-yudhiSThira aura duryodhana ke madhya dyUtakrIr3A prAraMbha huii| yudhiSThira bAjI dara bAjI hArate cale ge| pratyeka parAjaya ke pazcAt jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/218)

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agalI bAjI ve dogunI AzA se khelte| parantu AzA to chalanA hai aura usane yudhiSThira ko isa kadara chalA ki ve na kevala apane rAjya ko hAra baiThe, apitu apane bhAiyoM, draupadI aura svayaM ko bhI hAra ge| duryodhana ke kapaTa-jAla kI vijaya huii| aba vaha mana-cAhA karane ke lie svataMtra thaa| usane bhAratIya kula-maryAdAoM aura manuSyatA ke sAdhAraNa niyamoM ko tAka para rakhate hue draupadI ko darabAra meM lAne kA Adeza diyaa| - duHzAsana draupadI ke kezoM se pakar3akara ghasITate hue darabAra meM lAyA aura duryodhana ke iMgita para usakI sAr3I khIMcane lgaa| maryAdAoM kA AMcala tAra-tAra ho gyaa| draupadI- eka bhAratIya mahAnanArI-eka rAjakUmArIeka mahArAnI bhare darabAra meM eka-eka vyakti ko khoja kara usase sahAyatA kI bhIkha mAMgane lgii| pAMcoM balavAn pANDuputroM aura bhISma jaise mahAn yoddhA usakI rakSA na kara ske| draupadI vivaza ho utthii| dharma-karma aura maryAdAoM ke jAnakAroM aura rakSakoM kI bhIr3a meM use koI rakSaka na milaa| usa samaya kI sthiti kA citraNa maharSi vyAsa ne mahAbhArata meM isa prakAra kiyA hai- AkRSyamANo vasane draupadayAzcintito hariH (mahAbhArata, sabhAparva, 68/41)- arthAt draupadI ne apane cIra-haraNa ke saMkaTa meM prabhu kA cintana-smaraNa kiyaa| draupadI ne apane paramAdhAra zrIkRSNa ko pukArA "he madhusUdana! merI lAja kI rakSA kro| Aja eka abalA kI lAja yadi isa kaurava-sabhA meM luTa gaI to yAda rakhanA! tujhe yAda karane vAlA koI na rhegaa|" nirAdhAroM ke AdhAra, abaloM ke bala zrIkRSNa ne mahAsatI draupadI kI tatkAla rakSA kii| dharma kI jaya huI, adharma parAsta ho gyaa| OOO jIvana samasyAoM se, kaSToM se bharA hotA hai| kaSTa Ate haiM to manuSya apane iSTa deva ko smaraNa karatA hai| prabhu ko smaraNa karane ke aneka sAdhana haiM-stuti, japa, bhajana Adi / uparyukta tInoM kathAoM ke pAtroM ke hRdaya se apaje iSTa ke lie uThI pukAra unake antarhRdaya se uThI pukAra hai| vizruta dvitIya khaNDa/219 --

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hai ki mRtyu ke kSaNa meM manuSya yA koI prANI asatya nahIM bolatA hai| vaha usa kSaNa meM hRdaya para likhA huA bolatA hai| jaina kathA sAhitya (Adi-purANa) ke jayakumAra aura vaidika sAhitya ke (bhAgavata purANa) grAha para mRtyu-saMkaTa thaa| aise kSaNa meM jayakumAra kI ardhAMginI ne apane iSTa navakAra maMtra kA smaraNa kiyA tathA grAha ne bhagavAn viSNu ko pukArA to usakI pukAra tatkAla sunI gii| nArI ke prANa usakI lajjA meM basate haiN| draupadI ne jaba apanI lAja para AMca dekhI to usakA roma-roma zrIkRSNa ko pukAra uThA, aura usakI rakSA huii| jaina mAnyatAnusAra draupadI ne namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA smaraNa kiyaa| vaidika mAnyatAnusAra draupadI ne zrIkRSNa kA smaraNa-cintana kiyaa| bAta eka hI hai| paramparA kI mAnyatAbhedoM ko chor3a deM to usane prabhu-smaraNa kiyaa| gaja-grAha ke kathAnaka meM bhI gajendra ne 'namo bhagavate'- ityAdi prabhu-nAma smaraNa-vandana ke sAtha apanI Arta vedanA abhivyakta kI thii| __ pUrNa bhaktibhAva se jaba ArAdhya kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai.to bhakti se divya zakti prakaTa hotI hai| sabhI dharmoM meM isa satya ko svIkArA gayA hai| uparyukta sabhI kathAnakoM dvArA vaidika va jaina- ina donoM paramparAoM meM svIkRta 'prabhunAmasmaraNa kI adbhuta zakti' kA nidarzana huA hai| ina sabhI kathAnakoM meM antarnihita satya-tathya-kathya eka hI hai| jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/2201-

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patitase pAvana - - (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) bhAratavarSa meM nArI ko sammAna dene kI paramparA rahI hai| arddhanArIzvara kI jo mAnya avadhAraNA hai, usameM nArI aura puruSa ko eka hI paramezvara ke samAna bhAga ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gaI hai| puruSa ke samAna hI nArI ko samAna Adara va sammAna diyA gayA hai| pArivArika va sAmAjika pragati-unnati meM donoM kA samAna yogadAna hai- yaha nirvivAda hai hai| vaidika saMskRti ke sAmAjika svarUpa ke vyAkhyAtA manu ne to spaSTa vyavasthA dI thI- yatra nAryastu pUjyante, ramante tatra devatAH (manusmRti- 3/56) / mahAbhArata - jo bhAratIya saMskRti kA koza hai- meM nArI-jAti ke viSaya meM AdarapUrNa vicAra isa prakAra vyakta kiye gae haiM: striyaH sAdhvyo mahAbhAgAH sammatA lokmaatrH| dhArayanti mahIM rAjan imAM savanakAnanAm / ___(mahAbhArata, 13/43/19-20) - satI-sAdhvI nAriyAM loka kI mAtA ke rUpa meM AdaraNIya haiN| he rAjan! ye nAriyAM hI isa pRthvI ko dhAraNa kiye hue haiM- inhIM ke kAraNa samasta pRthvI TikI huI hai| ardhaM bhAryA manuSyasya bhAryA zreSThatamaH skhaa| bhAryA mUlaM trivargasya, bhAryA mitraM mariSyataH / / (mahAbhArata, 1/68/40-41) dvitIya ravaNDa/221

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-bhAryA (patnI)manuSya kA AdhA bhAga hai, vahI sarvazreSTha mitra hai, vahI dharma-artha-kAma puruSArthoM ke sAdhana meM mUla aura vahI maraNadharmA vyakti kI mitra hai| jahAM taka jaina paramparAkA prazna hai, isane bhI vaidika paramparA kI taraha, prArambha se hI nArI-jAti ko mahanIya sthAna diyA hai| jaina sUkSma cintana to yaha rahA hai ki egA maNussa jAI (AcArAMga niyukti, 19) arthAta manuSya-jAti eka hI hai, usameM nArI-puruSa Adi kA bheda nagaNya hai| jaina AcAryoM ne vyAvahArika jAgat meM nara va nArI ko samAna mahattva diyaa| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ne bhI caturvidha dharma-saMgha kI sthApanA meM zrAvikA va sAdhvI ina do saMghoM ko bhI sthAna dekara strI-puruSa kI samakakSatA kA hI samarthana kiyaa| nArI bhI puruSa kI taraha mukti-mArga kI adhikAriNI ho sakatI hai, isIlie siddhoM ke bhedoM meM 'strI-siddha' ko bhI parigaNita kiyA gayA hai (dra. uttarA. 36/50) / isa avasarpiNI kAla meM sarvaprathama mokSa prApta karane kA saubhAgya prathama tIrthaMkara kI mAtA marudevI ko prApta hai (da. Avazyaka cuurnni)| niSkarSataH manuSya-yoni meM Akara jo koI bhI cAhe vaha puruSa ho yA strI, dharmazravaNa va zraddhA kA saMvardhana karatA huA samaya meM puruSArtha karatA hai, vaha kramaza: karmaraja ko dhunatA huA mukti ko prApta karatA hai(dra. uttarA. 3/11-12) / kintu aitihAsika krama meM, donoM hI paramparAoM meM, nArI kI AdaraNIya sthiti ghaTatI gaI, jisake kAraNa azikSA va sAmAjika va rASTrIya azAnti Adi rahe / santa tulasIdAsa ke yuga meM 'adhama te adhama adhama atinArI' (rAmacarita mAnasa, araNya. 34/2)ho gii| yahAM taka to sAmAnya nArI kI sthiti kA nirUpaNa hai| kintu, nIca AjIvikA ke kAraNa, jaise kucha varga ko tiraskRta samajhA jAtA hai, usI taraha strI-jAti meM bhI kucha varga samAja dvArA hIna dRSTi se dekhe jAte rahe haiN| kintu nIca se nIca manuSya bhI, dharmAcaraNa kara apane meM pavitratA kA saMcAra kara dharma-sAdhanA kA evaM mukti pAne kA prayAsa kara sakatA hai aura saphala bhI ho sakatA hai- yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kA cintana rahA hai| / yahAM hama nArI-jAti ke nindanIya varga 'gaNikA' ke viSaya meM vicAra karanA caaheNge| gaNikA yA vezyA zabda kAnoM meM guMjita hote hI vyakti kA mana sahasA ghRNA bhAva se bhara jAtA hai| nArI ke kaI prazaMsanIya rUpa haiM jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/222

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mAM! bahina! kintu usakA samAja-garhita rUpa hai- gaNikA / donoM meM kitanA antara hai? hama ise isa taraha bhI nirUpita kara sakate haiM- eka hai jharane kA svaccha nirmala jala to dUsarA hai nagara kI nAlI kA gandA jala / jala donoM haiM, para antara kitanA hai? isakA kAraNa hai- nagara kI nAlI meM bahane vAle pAnI kA saMsarga aise padArthoM se ho gayA jisase usameM vikRti A gaI aura vaha ghRNA kA pAtra bana gyaa| aba prazna hai, kyA vaha pAnI isI rUpa meM sadA gandA hI rahegA? vaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki agara use kucha prakriyAoM se gujArA jAye to vaha pAnI punaH zuddha ho sakatA hai| yahAM vicAraNIya yaha hai ki vaijJAnikoM kI taraha hI, bhAratIya saMskRti ke dharmazAstrI yA dharmAcArya ise svIkAreMge ki eka vezyA bhI dharmAcaraNa kara sannArI ke rUpa meM AdaraNIya ho sakatI hai? vaidika va jaina- ina donoM paramparAoM meM eka samAna vicAra prastuta kiye gae haiM ki vezyA bhI satsaMgati pAkara prabhu-kRpA kA pAtra bana sakatI hai yA dharmArAdhanA meM agrasara hotI huI mukti kI adhikAriNI ho sakatI hai| . vaidika paramparA ke mahAbhArata meM patitA nArI ko bhI parama pada taka prApta karane kA adhikAra svIkArA gayA hai: evaM hi dharmamAsthAya ye'pi syuH paapyonyH| striyo vezyAstathA zudrAste'pi yAnti parAM gatim // (mahAbhArata- 14/19/55-56) -jo koI bhI pApAcArI, cAhe ve striyAM ho, vezyA hoM yA zUdra hoM, dharma kA AcaraNa kara parama gati ko prApta kara sakate haiN| api vargApakRSTastu, nArI vA dhrmkaaNkssinnii| tAvapyetena mArgeNa gacchetAM paramAM gatim // (mahAbhArata, 12/232/32) - cAhe koI nikRSTa varga kA ho yA koI dharmAcaraNa kI icchuka nArI ho, ve donoM dharmocita mArga se parama gati prApta kara sakate haiN| vaidika paramparA ke ahilyA-uddhAra kA prasaMga ukta satya kA samarthana karatA hai| gautama-patnI ahilyA ke sAtha indra ne kukarma kiyA thaa| svAbhAvika thA ki vaha pati kI najaroM se gira gaI thii| samAja meM bhI vaha isIlie satItva-bhraSTa samajhI gii| pati ke zApa se vaha patthara kI ho dvitIya skhaNDa 223

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gii| nissandeha koI bhI nArI isa apamAnita sthiti meM patthara jaisI mUka ho jaaegii| bhagavAn rAma ne isa patitA nArI kA apane caraNa-sparza se uddhAra kiyA (draSTavyaH devI bhAgavata-1/5/46, vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, 1/49 adhyAya, brahmavaivarta purANa, kRSNa-janma khaNDa-61/44-46 aadi)| vaidika paramparA ke dhArmika sAhitya meM eka gaNikA kA udAharaNa AtA hai| usa gaNikA kA nAma piGgalA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki eka dina vaha apUrva zRMgAra karake apane premI kI pratIkSA meM baiThI rhii| ___. kintu mahAna pratIkSA ke bAvajUda bhI koI AdhI rAta taka nahIM AyA to piGgalA ko bar3I glAni huii| usane socA- jitanA samaya Aja maiMne isa vyakti kI pratIkSA meM barbAda kiyA, utanA agara Izvara ke bhajana meM lagAtI to merA avazya kalyANa ho jaataa| yaha vicAra Ate hI usane usI kSaNa vezyAvRtti kA tyAga kara diyA aura apane mana ko saMpUrNataH bhagavadbhajana meM lagA diyaa| phalasvarUpa usake samasta pApa naSTa ho gae aura usakI AtmA kA uddhAra ho gyaa| (draSTavyaH bhAgavata purANa- 11/8/22-44) kahane kA abhiprAya yahI hai ki asaMkhya pApoM kA upArjana karane vAlI vezyA bhI bhogoM se virakta hokara saMsAra-mukta ho gaI to phira saMsAra meM aisA kauna sA vyakti hai jo apanI AtmA kA uddhAra nahIM kara sakatA? para isake lie dharma para saccI zraddhA samyaka jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI ukta mAnyatA kA samarthana haA hai| vezyA jaisI patitA nArI bhI kisI mahApuruSa yA mahAtmA kI satsaMgati se dhArmika jIvana svIkAra kara paramapada kI ora agrasara ho sakatI hai- ise jaina paramparA nirvivAda svIkAra karatI hai| isI vaicArika pRSThabhUmi meM kucha kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM jinameM ukta satya spaSTatayA anuguMjita hotA hai | jaina paramparA se rAjanartakI rUpakozA kA kathAnaka cunA gayA hai to dakSiNa bhArata kI eka gaNikA kI ghaTanA vaidika paramparA se jur3I hai| AmrapAlI kI kathA bauddha paramparA kI pratinidhitva karatI hai| sabhI kathAnakoM meM kathya-tathya-satya kI ekasvaratA darzanIya hai| jana zarmAdika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 2242

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[1] rAjanartakI rUpakozA . rUpakozA pATaliputra nagara kI prasiddha rAjanartakI thii| vaha aniMdya sundarI aura aneka kalAoM meM pravINa thii| bar3e-bar3e dhanI, sAmaMta aura rAjakumAra use pAne ke lie lAlAyita rahate the| isa saba se AMkha mUMdakara kozA apanI nRtya-sAdhanA meM tallIna rahatI thii| . pATaliputra-nareza dhanananda ke mahAmaMtrI kA nAma thA- zakaDAla / zakaDAla jaina zrAvaka the| unake do putra the- sthUlabhadra aura zrIyaMka / sthUlabhadra bAlyakAla se hI viraktacetA the| vyAvahArika jJAna kI sIkha ke lie pitA zakaDAla ne sthUlabhadra ko kozA ke pAsa bhejaa| kozA aura sthUlabhadra kA yaha sAkSAtkAra ghaniSThatA meM badala gyaa| ghaniSThatA se prema kA janma huaa|sthuulbhdr saba kucha bhUlakara kozA meM kho gayA / kozA aura sthUlabhadra tathA sthUlabhadra aura kozA- zeSa saba zUnya ho gayA una donoM ke lie| va sthUlabhadra bAraha varSoM taka kozA ke mahala meM rahe / sthUlabhadra ke pitA mahAmaMtrI zakaDAla ne apanI rAjabhakti ko siddha karane ke lie svayaM kA balidAna kara diyaa| rAjA dhanananda ne mahAmaMtrI pada ke lie sthUlabhadra ko AmaMtrita kiyaa| sthUlabhadra ko pitA kI mahAn mRtyu ne antara hRdaya taka hilA ddaalaa| unhoMne kozA ko alavidA kahakara sAdhujIvana aMgIkAra kara liyaa| kucha varSa pazcAt sthUlabhadra ne guru-AjJA se kozA ke mahala para cAturmAsa kiyaa| kozA aura sthUlabhadra- arthAt yoga aura bhoga meM dvandva claa| bhoga parAjita huaa| sthUlabhadra ne kozA ko sanmArga para lA diyaa| vaha zrAvikA bana gii| sthUlabhadra cAturmAsa samApta karake guru-caraNoM meM lauTe / guru ne unheM kaNTha meM lagAte hue kahA- "vAha sthUlabhadra! tumane duSkarAtiduSkara kArya kiyA hai|' eka muni jo siMha-guphA para cAturmAsa karake aura use ahiMsaka banAkara lauTe the, sthUlabhadra kI isa prazaMsA ko sahana na kara paae| dUsare varSa unhoMne kozA ke mahala para cAturmAsa bitAne kA saMkalpa kara liyaa| .. dvitIya khaNDa/225

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muni kozA ke mahala para phuNce| kozA kA rUpa muni ke hRdaya meM kAMTA banakara cubhane lagA / nirantara nikaTatA se muni vicalita ho utthe| eka dina unhoMne kozA se praNaya nivedana kara diyaa| muni kA nivedana sunakara kozA ko eka jhaTakA lgaa| muni aura praNaya nivedana ! usakA jI cAhA ki vaha use dhakke dekara nikAla de| tabhI use vicAra AyA- "koze ! yaha muni tere guru sthUlabhadra kA guru bhAI hai / sthUlabhadra ne tere bhItara jJAna kI jyoti jalAI hai / guru ke mahAn RNa se aMza mAtra uRNa hone kA yaha avasara hai| apane guru ke gurubhAI ko sanmArga para lAkara use patana se bacA / " kozA bolI - " munirAja ! prema parIkSA cAhatA hai| mere lie kucha karo, to hI tumheM merA prema prApta ho sakatA hai / " "kahie! kyA karUM?" muni bolA- "tumhAre eka iMgita para maiM apane prANa nyochAvara kara sakatA huuN|" "mujhe tumhAre prANa nahIM cAhie / " kozA bolI - "basa itanA kIjie ki mere lie eka ratnakaMbala le aaie| nepAla - nareza bhikSuoM ko ratnakaMbala dAna dete haiN| vahAM se eka kaMbala le aaie|" muni-maryAdAoM ko tAka para rakhakara cAturmAsa ke madhya hI vaha muni nepAla phuNcaa| nareza se ratnakaMbala prApta kiyA aura kozA ke pAsa lauttaa| ratnakaMbala kozA ko bheMTa karate hue muni bolA- "koze ! aba to maiM tumhAre prema kA adhikArI ho gayA huuN| prema-parIkSA maiMne uttIrNa kara lI hai / " kozA ne ratnakaMbala liyA / bolI- maiM snAna karake AtI huuN| kozA ne snAna kiyA / apane Ardra gAtra ko ratnakaMbala se sukhAyA aura muni ko dikhAte hue use gaMdI nAlI meM DAla diyA / kozA ke isa kRtya para muni roSANa hote hue bolA - "kozA ! tuma kitanI mUrkha ho! mahAmUlyavAn ratnakaMbala tumane gaMdI nAlI meM DAla diyA / merI sArI mehanata para tumane pAnI phera diyA / " "mujhase bar3e mUrkha tuma ho / " kozA ne krodha kA abhinaya karate hue kahA- "ratnakaMbala to punaH prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / parantu jisa saMyama ko tuma gaMdI nAlI meM DAlane ko udyata ho, use prApta karanA atyanta durlabha hai|" jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 226

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upayukta avasara para kahI bAta ne muni ke DagamagAte hue kadama thAma lie| usake netra Ardra ho ge| bolA- "tuma ThIka kahatI ho kozA! tumane mujhe bacA liyA hai|'' maiM sthUlabhadra kI barAbarI karane calA thaa| guru ne unakI prazaMsA akSarazaH ucita kI thii| mujhe kSamA kara do| aba maiM saMyama meM sthira ho gyaa| - cAturmAsoparAnta muni guru-caraNoM meM pahuMcA aura apanI IrSyA ke lie kSamA mAMgate hue bolA-gurudeva! sthUlabhadra kA kArya nizcita duSkarAtiduSkara thaa| siMha ko ahiMsaka banAnA AsAna hai, parantu mana ko viSayoM se mukta karanA sarvAdhika kaThina hai| sthUlabhadra se prApta antaryoti se jyotita kozA ne aneka patitoM kA uddhAra kiyA hai| dekhie, usI ke jIvana kA eka aura jyotirmaya citra rAjanartakI hone ke kAraNa kozA ne apane niyamoM meM AgAra rakhA thA ki rAjA dvArA preSita vyakti ko vaha prasanna kregii| eka rathika kozA para prANapaNa se mohita thA / ekadA yuddha meM usakI vIratA se rAjA atiprasanna hue aura usase vara mAMgane ko khaa| rathika ne kozA se milane kI AjJA maaNgii| rAjA ne usakI mAMga svIkAra kara lii| rathika kozA ke pAsa pahuMcA | rAjAjJA-patra dekhakara kozA ko usakA svAgata karanA pdd'aa| rathika ne kozA ko prabhAvita karane ke lie kalA-pradarzana kiyaa| usane sAmane khar3e AmravRkSa para eka tIra chodd'aa| vaha tIra Amraphala meM jA gdd'aa| phira dUsarA tIra chodd'aa| vaha pahale tIra se jA cipkaa| isa prakAra tIra para tIra chor3akara antima tIra kA chora usa taka A gyaa| usane vahIM baiThe hue Ama todd'aa| tIra sameTe / aura Amraphala kozA ko bheMTa kiyaa| - kozA bolI-" yaha koI vizeSa kalA nahIM hai| kalAkAra to sthUlabhadra hai| kalA to koI usase sIkhe / tumane apanI kalA dikhaaii| maiM bhI apanI choTI-sI kalA dikhAtI huuN|' kozA ne sarasoM kI bharI thAlI mNgvaaii| Dhera para eka sUI gaadd'ii| phira vaha nRtya karane lgii| sUI para nRtya! na sUI hilI aura na sarasoM kA eka dAnA bikhraa| dvitIya khaNDa/227

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"vAha! vAha! mahAna kalA!" rathika tAlI bajAte hue bolA"atulya hai tumhArI kalA | bejor3a hai tumhArA nRtya, kozA!'' "yaha kalA kucha nahIM hai| kozA bolI- "asalI kalA sIkhanI hai to sthUlabhadra se siikho| ve mahAnatama kalAkAra haiN|" "unakI kalA kI kyA vizeSatA hai?" rathika ne puuchaa| kozA ne sthUlabhadra kI AdyopAnta jIvana-kathA sunAte hue kahA- "vaha mana ko sAdhanA jAnatA hai| aura mana ko sAdhanA hI mahAn kalA hai|" - rathika para kozA kI bAta kA gaharA asara huaa| kozA ke antarhRdaya meM jala rahI jJAna-jyoti se apane hRdaya-dIpa ko prajjvalita karake mana ko sAdhane kI mahAkalA sIkhane ke lie vaha rathika sthUlabhadra ke pAsa calA gayA aura unakA ziSya banakara mahAn kalAkAra bana gyaa|[klpsuutr kI kalpadrumakalikA vyAkhyA se] [2] eka gaNikA kI AsthA (vaidika) dakSiNa bhArata kI eka suprasiddha gaNikA thii| apAra dravya thA usake pAsa, parantu phira bhI mana meM zAnti nahIM thii| eka dina usake dvAra para sAdhu aae| usane socA- avazya kisI puNya-karma kA udaya huA hai mere jIvana meM, anyathA vezyA ke dvAra para sAdhu! kabhI-kabhI asambhava bhI ghaTita ho jAyA karatA hai| bhakti-bhAva se paripUrNa ho usane sAdhuoM ko praNAma kiyaa| vayovRddha sAdhu ne use AzIrvAda dete hue kahA, "nagara ke maMdira kA nirmANakArya apUrNa hai devI! hama usakI pUrti-hetu artha-saMgraha ke prayojana se nikale haiN| yadi tumhArI kucha zraddhA ho to tuma bhI puNya-upArjana ke isa avasara se lAbha uThA sakatI ho, bhagavAn kRSNa tumhArA kalyANa kreN|" "abhI AI mahArAja!'' gaNikA utsAha se bhItara gaI aura cAMdI kI thAlI meM svarNa-mudrAyeM bhara kara tatkAla lauTa aaii| thAlI santoM ke < jana dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/228->c

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caraNoM meM rakha dii| itanA dravya! santoM ko usakI AsthA para harSa huA aura usakI udAratA para Azcarya / ve pUcha baiThe, 'tuma karatI kyA ho devI?' yaha prazra gaNikA ke hRdaya meM tIra-sA cubhA / isI prazna se vaha Dara rahI thI aura yahI sAmane thaa| uttara mAMgA jA rahA thaa| kyA vaha jhUTha bola de? kyA vaha satya batA de? saMbhava hai- satya sunakara sAdhu usakI bheMTa ThukarA deN|jiivn meM pahalI bAra sAdhuoM ke caraNa jisa dvAra para par3e haiM, saMbhava hai vaha Aja bhI hatabhAgya raha jaaye| saMbhava hai ki varadAna kA yaha avasara abhizApa meM badala jaaye| kucha bhI ho, vaha asatya kahane kA pApa nahIM karegI, gaNikA ne aMtardvadva ko yaha saMkalpa karate hue virAma de diyaa| hAtha jor3akara kahA- "maiM pApina hUM mahArAja! zarIra becatI huuN|' gaNikA vAsavadattA bauddha sAhitya kI eka prasiddha kathA hai: mathurA nagarI meM vAsavadattA nAma kI eka gaNikA rahatI thii| vaha parama rUpavatI aura catura thii| usake pAsa apAra lakSmI thii| usa yuga ke rAjA, rAjakumAra aura bar3e-bar3e dhanapati seTha vAsavadattA ke rUpa ke dIvAne the| vAsavadattA ko apane rUpa aura yauvana para ahaMkAra thaa| usakI soca thI ki saundarya se pratyeka vastu kharIdI jA sakatI hai| eka dina vAsavadattA apane mahala ke gavAkSa meM khar3I nagara kI zobhA dekha rahI thii| usakI daSTi eka yuvA bhikSu para pdd'ii| mahAn rUpavAn usa bhikSu ko dekhakara vAsavadattA apanA bhAna bhUla baitthii| ekaTaka dRSTi se vaha use taba taka nihAratI rahI jaba taka vaha usakI dRSTi se ojhala na ho gyaa| vAsavadattA ne apanI dAsI ko bhejakara usa bhikSu kA nAma-sthAna jJAta kiyaa| use mAlUma par3A ki usa bhikSu kA nAma upagupta hai| vaha bauddha-vihAra meM pravAsa para hai| paramAtmA ko pAne ke lie vaha mahAtmA buddha kI zikSAoM ke anurUpa jIvana ko jItA hai| ardha-rAtrI kI velA meM jaba pUrI mathurA nagarI nidrAdhIna thI, eka svarNathAla meM dIpaka jalAkara vAsavadattA bauddha-vihAra meM phuNcii| usake pairoM meM baMdhe nUpuroM se rUnajhuna-rUnajhuna kI dhvani nikala rahI thii| vAsavadattA ke kadama bhikSu upagupta ke Asana taka pahuMca cuke the| usane dIpaka ke prakAza meM bhikSu ke tejasvI Anana ko dekhaa| apalaka dekhaa| upagupta kI nidrA TUTa gii| ve uTha baiThe aura bole- "devi! kauna ho tuma aura itanI rAta meM yahAM kisalie AI ho?" "tuma mujhe nahIM jAnate?" vAsavadattA ke svara meM vAsanAyukta mAdhurya thA- "isa deza kA pratyeka yuvaka mujhe jAnatA hai| maiM vAsavadattA huuN| bar3e-bar3e rAjA aura dhanADhya yuvaka mere bhavana ke cakkara lagAyA karate haiN|" "mujhase kyA cAhatI ho?" upagupta ne sahaja-zAnta svara meM puuchaa| dvitIya khaNDa/229

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"le jA apanA thAla / gaNikA ke dAna se bhagavAn kA maMdira nahIM bnegaa|'' eka yuvA sAdhu grjaa| jisakA Dara thA, vahI huaa| "hAM maiM gaNikA hUM parantu gaMgA mujhase ghRNA nahIM krtii| jaba "bhikSu ! tumhAre rUpa-yauvana ne mujhe tumhArI dIvAnI banA diyA hai|" vAsavadattA ne kahA- "maiM tumheM lene AI huuN| mere mahala para clo| tumhArA yaha sukomala zarIra sakhta pRthvI para sone ke lie nahIM hai| mere mahala kI kImatI kAlIna tumhArI caraNa-raja ko pAkara dhanya ho jaaegii| svarNa zaiyA tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai| bhikSu ! calo maiM svayaM tumheM lene AI huuN| maiM vAsavadattA!" niSkAma bhikSu upagupta ne vAsavadattA kI AMkhoM se jhaaNkaa| una AMkhoM meM vAsanA kI AMdhI thii| upagupta ko lagA- vAsavadattA ko bodha dene kA yaha upayukta kSaNa nahIM hai| ve bole"vAsavadatte! abhI tuma lauTa jaao| maiM tumhArA AmaMtraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| upayukta samaya para maiM avazya tumhAre pAsa aauuNgaa|" "maiM usa upayukta samaya kI prANa-paNa se pratIkSA kruuNgii|" vAsavadattA bolI"apane vacana kA pAlana karanA bhikSu ! maiM tumhAre Agamana kI AzA kA dIpa apane hRdaya meM jalAkara jA rahI huuN|" vAsavadattA apane bhavana ko lauTa gii| vaha pratidina apane mahala kI ora Ane vAle mArga para AMkheM bichAe upagupta kI pratIkSA kiyA karatI thii| bahuta samaya atIta ho gyaa| ThIka tIna varSa ke pazcAt, bhikSu upagupta nirjana vana se gujara rahe the| unhoMne dekhA ki patha ke kinAre eka praur3hA strI aceta par3I hai| usake cehare para cecaka phUTa AI hai aura usa para makkhiyAM bhinabhinA rahI haiN| vAtAvaraNa durgandhayukta hai| bhikSu kA komala hRdaya karuNA rasa se chalaka utthaa| ve zIghra kadamoM se nikaTa hI eka jalAzaya se jala lekara aae| unhoMne apane hAthoM se usa mahilA kI deha ko dhoyaa| zItala jala ke sparza se usa mahilA kI cetanA lauTa aaii| usane AMkheM kholii| dekhA- bhikSu upagupta usakI paricaryA kara rahe haiN| bhikSu upagupta ne bhI vAsavadattA ko pahacAna liyA thaa| ve bole- "devi! maiMne apanA vacana pUrNa kara diyA hai| yahI vaha upayukta samaya hai jaba tumheM merI AvazyakatA hai|" "aba mere pAsa bacA hI kyA hai?" vAsavadattA bolI- "cecaka ne merA rUpa vidrUpa kara diyA hai| unhIM logoM ne mujhe yahAM lA paTakA hai jo mere rUpa para lubdha bhaMvaroM kI bhAMti maMDarAyA karate the|" "rUpa aura yauvana to asthira hai, devi!" upagupta bole- "AtmA anazvara aura amiTa hai| Atmasaundarya hI paramasaundarya hai| apanI AtmA ko smjho| parama saundarya ko prApta kro| apane antarcakSu kholo| tumhArA Atma-saundarya hI tumhAre bhItara paramAtmA ko pragaTa kregaa|" bhikSu upagupta ke sAmayika upadeza se vAsavadattA ke bhItara jyoti pragaTa huii| antarjyoti prApta karake vaha bhikSuNI-saMgha meM sammilita ho gii| AtmasAdhanA karake usane apanI AtmA kA uddhAra kiyaa| D P jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/230

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bhI maiM usake pAsa gaI, usane mere roma-roma meM zItalatA bhara dI / sunA thA ki santa to gaMgA se bhI adhika pavitra hote haiN| yadi Apa bhI mujhase ghRNA karate haiM to phira mere uddhAra kI kyA AzA!'' gaNikA kA kaNTha bharrA aayaa| AMkhoM se AMsU bahane lge| usane apanI thAlI uThAI aura vApisa mudd'ii| tabhI vRddha sAdhu kA amRta-svara usake kAnoM taka pahuMcA, "tU usa maMdira kA kalaza banavA de|'' gaNikA ko sahasA apane kAnoM para vizvAsa na huaa| "yaha kyA kaha rahe haiM gurudeva? pahale hI kalaza sthApita karane meM kaThinAI A rahI hai ! yadi gaNikA ke dhana se vaha banA, to ho sakatA hai sArA maMdira hI gira pdd'e|'' yuvA sAdhu ne AkrozapUrNa svara meM khaa| "maiM saba kucha soca-samajha kara kaha rahA huuN|" vRddha sAdhu kA gambhIra svara dRr3hatA se paripUrNa thA, "maMdira kA kalaza isI ke dhana se bnegaa| yahI nahIM, pahale yaha use apane hAthoM se chuuegii| taba vaha Upara cddh'egaa|" "anartha! ghora anartha!' yuvA sAdhu ne socA / guru-kopa ke bhaya se usane kucha kahA nahIM, parantu mukha-mudrA para ye bhAva spaSTataH aMkita the| _ "yaha to huI maMdira kI bAta / aba ye batA, isa bUr3he sAdhu ko bhI kucha degI?" "AjJA deM mahArAja! de sakI to avazya duuNgii|" "to phira lA! apanI gaNikA-vRtti merI jholI meM DAla de|'' sAdhu ne jholI phailA dii| gaNikA ne pala-bhara kA bhI vilamba na kiyaa| tatkAla dhuMgharU uThAye aura jholI meM DAla diye| sAdhu gaNikA kA dhana lekara cale ge| maMdira kA bhavya ratnajaDita kalaza banA / use car3hAne se pahale gaNikA aaii| Darate-Darate kalaza ko chuA aura tatkAla apanA hAtha haTA liyA, mAno usake adhika chUne se kalaza adhika apavitra ho jAyegA / kalaza car3hAyA gayA / yuvA sAdhu isa AzA se TakaTakI lagAye dekha rahA thA ki kalaza aba girA... aba girA...! parantu dekhakara vaha cakita raha gayA- jo kalaza pahale do bAra gira cukA thA, vaha maMdira ke zikhara para car3hA huA thaa| sUrya kI rozanI meM jagamagA rahA thaa| itanA ki usa para najara na ThaharatI thii| usane malate hue AMkheM nIce kii| are! yaha kyA! usane dekhA dvitIya khaNDa/231

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gaNikA dharatI para par3I thii| nizceSTa / nispanda / usake prANa deha chor3a kara jA cuke the| 'avazya bhavagAn kA anugraha hai yaha' usane socA, hAtha jur3a gye| sara jhuka gyaa| mana meM kahA- nahIM! aba gaNikA nahIM thI yaha / yaha to devI thii| devii| 000 bhAratIya saMskRti meM AcAra ko hI zreSThatA kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai- AcAraH prathamo dhrmH| puruSa ho yA nArI, donoM kI zreSThatA kA mAnadaNDa usakA sadAcAra hotA hai| yadi koI pApamaya nindita AcaraNa ko chor3akara, sadAcArI bana jAe to vaha zreSTha hI mAnA jAegA, bhale hI usakA pUrva jIvana pApamaya rahA ho| mana kI azuddhatAkaluSatA hI vyakti ko nindanIya banAtI hai aura mana kI zuddhatA, sadvicArapUrNatA use zreSTha vyaktitva pradAna karatI hai| yaha niyama sabhI ke lie, cAhe vaha puruSa ho yA nArI, sabhI ke lie lAgU hotA hai| nAriyoM meM bhI, adhama se adhama samajhI jAne vAlI, bhale hI vaha gaNikA-vezyA hI kyoM na ho, vaha bhI apane vicAroM kI zuddhatA se, tathA svayaM meM tyAga-paropakAra jaise sadaguNoM ko vikasita kara 'zreSTha' kahI jA sakatI hai| pApAtmA vyakti apane vaibhava kA upayoga apane kAmabhogoM kI pUrti ke lie karatA hai, kintu sAMsArika vairAgya jAgate hI vaha usa vaibhava ko dharmArtha visarjita karane lage, to dharmAtmA banane kI ora usakA agrasara honA kahA jaaegaa| yaha saba parivartana saMtsagati ke karaNa yA svataH antarviveka ke jAgane para sambhava ho jAtA hai| ukta sAMskRtika mAnyatA ke nidarzana ke rUpa meM uparyukta kathAnakoM kI prastuti sArthaka huI hai| ___ AtmasaMgIta ke udgAtA jaina muni sthUlabhadra ne rUpakozA gaNikA ke jIvana kI dizA badala dI aura use jaina dharma evaM gaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA,232)

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usake vAstavika svarUpa se paricita kraayaa| usake bhItara jJAna kA dIpaka jalAyA / AtmIya antaryoti se uyotita usake antarmana meM sadAcArI jIvana jIne kI dRr3hatA vikasita huii| usake jIvana kI dizA UrdhvamukhI ho gii| isI taraha, bauddha bhikSu upagupta ke sAmayika upadeza ne vAsavadattA gaNkiA ke antarmana meM jJAna-jyoti prajvalita kI, aura use AtmasAdhanA ke mArga para agrasara kiyaa| dakSiNa bhArata kI gaNikA ne bhI tyAga, paropakAra va loka-upakAra kI dRSTi se apane vaibhava kA dAna kara eka svarNa-kalaza se maMdira ke nirmANa ko pUrNa kraayaa| pahale yahAM maMdira meM koI kalaza sthira nahIM ho rahe the, vahAM ukta gaNikA dvArA pradatta dhana se nirmita svarNa-kalaza sthira ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra , prakRti ne bhI usake bhAvoM kI zreSThatA ko pramANita kiyA thaa| kathAoM ke pAtrAdi kI bhinnatA bhale hI ho, ye kathAnaka nArI-pAtroM meM antarnihita antaryoti ke jAgRta hone se unake Adarza nArI banane kI kSamatA ko udghoSita karate haiN| dvitIya taNDa/233

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karma-phala sA naTa (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) karma apane karttA kA sadaiva anugamana karate haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra pAMca zarIroM meM eka zarIra hai-kArmaNa shriir|kaarmnn zarIra jIvAtmA ke sAtha pala-pratipala praticchAyA kI bhAMti lagA rahatA hai| ise eka prAkRtika oNTomeTika rikArDara kahA jA sakatA hai| prANI ke pratyeka karma kA gaNita isa zarIra meM uTTaMkita/saMgRhIta hotA rahatA hai| karma do prakAra ke hote haiM- (1) zubha karma aura (2) azubha krm| zubha yA azubha karma samaya ke paripAka ke sAtha apanA-apanA phala pradAna karate haiN| sAmAnyataH azubha karma sadaiva azubha phala kA pradAtA hotA hai aura zubha karma sadaiva zubha phala pradAna karate haiN| kisAna dvArA pRthvI meM boe hue bIja viparIta jala-vAyu ke kAraNa yadA-kadA niSphala bhI ho jAte haiM, lekina kRta karma kadApi niSphala nahIM hote| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa udghoSaNA kI thI kaDANa kammANa Na mokkha atthi (uttarA. 4/3, 13/10) / -arthAt kRta karmoM se taba taka chuTakArA nahIM milatA (jaba taka ki acche yA bure phaloM ko bhoga na liyA jaay)| acche karmoM kA phala acchA, aura bure karmoM kA phala burA hI milatA hai- jaMjArisaM pubbamakAsi kamma, tameva Agacchati saMparAe / (sUtrakRtAMga- 1/5/2/23) -arthAt jIva ne jaise karma kiye hote haiM, usI ke anurUpa jana pAlikA kI sAMskRtika ekatA/2340

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phala milatA hai| vartamAna meM jIva jo duHkha-sukhAdika phala bhoga rahA hai, vaha bhI pUrvakRta karmoM kA hI phala hai- jIveNa sayaM kaDaM dukkhaM vedei, na parakaDe (bhagavatI sUtra 1/2) / - arthAt jIva jo bhoga rahA hotA hai, vaha apane hI kiye hue karma kA phala hotA hai, kisI dUsare kA kiyA huA nhiiN| kiye hue karma sadA sAtha rahate haiM, use chor3ate nahIM - kattArameva aNujANai kammaM (uttarA. sU. 13/23) - arthAt karma apane kartA kA sadaiva anugamana karate haiM / karma-sambandhI ukta jaina mAnyatA kA bauddha paramparA meM bhI samarthana prApta hotA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM upalabdha kucha uddharaNa yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM:- kammaNA vattate loko (suttanipAta, 3/35/61) / - samasta loka karma-siddhAnta se pravartita hai / yaM karoti naro kammaM kallANaM yadi pAvakaM / tarasa tasseva dAyAdo yaM yaM kammaM pakuvvato // (theragAthA - 147) - manuSya pApa yA puNya jo bhI karatA hai, usI ke anurUpa vaha burA yA acchA phala pAtA hai / na hi narasati kassa vi kamma (suttanipAta, 36/10)- kisI kA kiyA huA kArya (phala dene se pUrva) naSTa nahIM hotA / yaM karoti teNa upapajjati (majjhimanikAya, 2/7 / 2) - prANI jo karma karatA hai, vaha agale janma meM use sAtha lekara jAtA hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI ukta siddhAnta kA hI pratipAdana huA hai / mahAbhAratakAra vyAsa maharSi ne karma-siddhAnta ko sarala va saMkSipta zabdoM meM isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai yathA dhenusahasreSu, vatso yAti svamAtaram / tathA pUrvakRtaM karma, kartAramanugacchati // ( mahAbhArata, 12/18/16) - jaise hajAroM gauoM ke bhItara bhI bachar3A apanI mAtA ko khoja kara usakA anugamana karatA hai, usI taraha kiye hue karma apane kartA anugama karate haiM / upaniSad kA RSi bhI karma-vyavasthA kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra karatA hai- puNyo vai puNyena karmaNA, pApaH pApeneti (bRhadA. upa. 3/2/13) - puNya karma se puNyAtmA, tathA pApakarma se pApAtmA hotA hai / dvitIya khaNDa 235

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yathAkraturasmin loke puruSo bhavati, tathaiva pretya bhavati (chAndogya upa 3/14/1)- isa loka meM jo jaisA karma karatA hai, paraloka meM bhI vaisA hI phala pAtA hai| santa valasIdAsa ne bhI karma-sambandhI sanAtana mAnyatA ko rAmacarita mAnasa meM isa prakAra rekhAMkita kiyA hai : karmapradhAna vizva kari raakhaa| jo jasa karai, so tasa phala caakhaa|| niskarSa yaha hai ki 'karma-phala TArai na Tarai' kI mAnyatA ko sabhI bhAratIya dhArmika paramparAoM ne mAnya kiyA hai| jina dharmoM aura darzanoM meM sRSTiniyantA Izvara bhI mAnya hai to bhI yaha mAnA gayA hai ki Izvara jIvoM ko unake karmoM ke anusAra phala dete haiN| karma-siddhAnta ko paurANika kathAoM meM bhI vyAkhyAyita karane kA prayAsa huA hai| uparyukta vaicArika pRSThabhUmi ke pariprekSya meM vaidika va jaina- ina do paramparAoM meM se eka-eka kathAnaka yahAM uddhRta kara prastuta kiye gae haiM: va taha/ [1] kalAvatI (jaina) kalAvatI devazAla nagara ke rAjA vijayasena kI putrI thii| kalAvatI kA eka bhAI thA- jayasena / bahana-bhAI meM atizaya prIti thii| kalAvatI meM rUpa aura guNoM kA apUrva saMgama huaa| usake rUpa aura guNoM kI sugandha dUra dezoM meM vyApta ho gaI thii| aneka rAjA aura rAjakumAra use apanAne ko utAvale the| zaMkhapura kA rAjA zaMkha kalAvatI ke rUpa para sarvAdhika mohita thaa| use jJAta huA ki kalAvatI kA svayaMvara hone vAlA hai| usa svayaMvara meM kalAvatI use hI varamAlA pahanAegI jo usa dvArA pUche gae cAra praznoM ke sahI uttara degaa| rAjA zaMkha ne sarasvatI devI kI ArAdhanA kii| devI ne pragaTa < jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/2362

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hokara kahA- svayaMvara maNDapa meM eka staMbha para putalI hogii| usa para hAtha rakha denA / vaha rAjakumArI ke praznoM kA uttara de degii| rAjA zaMkha ne vaisA hI kiyaa| kalAvatI ne zaMkha ko apanA pati cuna liyaa| zaMkha aura kalAvatI pati-patnI bana ge| zaMkha ko mana kI murAda mila gii| pati-patnI apUrva premapUrvaka sAnanda samaya bitAne lge| kalAvatI kA bhAI jayasena eka bAra zaMkhapura apanI bahana ke pAsa aayaa|mhaaraaj zaMkha anyatra gae the|jysen ne anya aneka vastrAbhUSaNoM ke atirikta apanI bahana ko do amUlya svarNa-kaMgaNa die| bhAI apane ghara lauTa gyaa| kalAvatI ne svarNa-kaMgaNa apanI kalAiyoM meM dhAraNa kie| use ve bahuta sundara lge| apane dAsI se kahA- "usakA mujha para kitanA prema hai| usane mujhe kitane sundara aura kImatI kaMgana bheMTa kie haiN| usake prema ko maiM zabdoM meM nahIM kaha sktii|" kakSa ke nikaTa se nikalate rAjA zaMkha ke kAnoM meM rAnI ke antima zabda pdd'e| rAjA saMdehazIla ho utthaa| usane mana hI mana yaha nizcaya kara liyA ki usakI rAnI kisI anya puruSa ke prema meM pAgala hai| rAjA kI mati vibhramita ho gii| usane binA pUchatAcha kie hI apanI priya rAnI kalAvatI ko jaMgaloM meM chur3avA diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, cANDAloM se kahakara usake hAtha bhI kaTavA die| ___ akasmAta TUTa par3e saMkaTa ke isa parvata se kalAvatI cUra-cUra ho gii| vaha Asanna-prasavA thii| vaha aceta ho gii| bahuta dera ke pazcAt jaba usakI cetanA lauTI, to vaha apane kaTe hue hAthoM ko dekhakara rone lgii| eka nadI ke taTa para kalAvatI ne eka putra ko janma diyaa| hAtha na hone se vaha putra ko stanapAna taka na karA sakI / navajAta zizu ke rodana ne kalAvatI ke mAtRtva ko khUna ke AMsU rulA diye| nadI kI adhiSThAtrI devI isa zizu aura mAM ke rodana ko sahana na kara paaii| usane pragaTa hokara daivI zakti se kalAvatI ke hAtha vApasa de die| kalAvatI ne zizu ko stanapAna kraayaa| udhara se kucha tApasa nikle| ve kalAvatI ko Azrama meM le ge| Azrama meM rahakara kalAvatI apane putra kA pAlana karane lgii| kaMgana-sahita kaTe hue kalAvatI ke hAtha cANDAliniyoM ne dvitIya khaNDa:237

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rAjA zaMkha ko die| zaMkha kI dRSTi kaMganoM para pdd'ii| kaMganoM para uTUMkita jayasena zabda par3hakara zaMkha daMga raha gyaa| satya anAvRta huaa| usane kalAvatI kI khoja meM ghor3e daudd'aae| kalAvatI ko khoja liyA gyaa| zaMkha aura kalAvatI kA punarmilana huaa| zaMkha ne kalAvatI se kSamA maaNgii| unakA dAmpatya jIvana-ratha punaH sukha ke rAjamArga para bar3ha claa| eka bAra zaMkhapura meM jJAnI muni Ae / rAjA aura rAnI muni -darzana ko ge| rAnI ne muni se jijJAsA rakhI-"gurudeva! niraparAdhinI hote hue bhI mere hAtha kyoM kATe gae? isakA kAraNa batAie?" jJAnI muni ne kalAvatI ko usake pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta sunAyA"kalAvatI! pUrva janma meM tuma mahendrapura ke rAjA naravikrama kI putrI thii| vahAM para tumhArA nAma sulocanA thaa| kisI ne eka totA tumhAre pitA ko bheMTa kiyaa| vaha totA tumheM bahuta priya thaa| tuma use saMdA piMjare meM banda kie apane pAsa rakhatI thii|" ___ "eka bAra tuma saMta-darzana ko gii| totA tumhAre sAtha thaa| saMta-darzana se tote ko apanA pUrvajanma smaraNa ho AyA / pUrvajanma meM vaha totA saMta thA / para usane parigraha kI mamatA meM phaMsakara saMyama kI virAdhanA kara dI thii| usa tote ne prAyazcitta ke lie mana meM yaha saMkalpa kara liyA ki aba vaha bhaviSya meM saMta-darzana karake hI bhojana-pAna grahaNa kregaa|" "pratidina vaha totA subaha ur3a jaataa|sNt-drshn karakelauTa aataa| eka bAra vaha kaI dinoM taka nahIM lauttaa| usake viraha meM tuma adhIra ho gii| tumheM gussA bhI aayaa| usake lauTane para tumane usake paMkha ukhAr3a ddaale| pIr3A se totA karAhakara raha gyaa| vivaza totA mana mAra kara santa darzana se vaMcita ho gyaa|" .. jJAnI muni ne apanI bAta pUrNa karate hue kahA- "kalAvatI! pUrva janma kA vaha totA hI tumhArA pati zaMkha banA hai| tumane tote ke paMkha ukhAr3e the, usI ke pariNAma svarUpa tumhAre hAtha kATe ge|' karma ke isa vicitra pariNAma ko sunakara kalAvatI aura zaMkha rAjA pratibuddha ho ge| ___gyArahaveM bhava meM kalAvatI aura zaMkha ke jIva ne sarvakarma naSTa kara mokSa kA varaNa kiyaa| jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/2381K

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[2] sadana kasAI (vaidika) prakRti kI gati vicitra hai| kabhI-kabhI ucca kula meM pApAtmA utpanna ho jAte haiM to kabhI nimna kula meM punnyaatmaa| manuSya kI zreSThatA yA azreSThatA usake kula para nahIM, apitu usake karma para nirbhara karatI hai| manuSya karma se mahAn banatA hai, kula se nhiiN| sadana kA janma kasAI kula meM huA thaa| lekina vaha paramAtmA ke dhyAna meM sadA lIna rahatA thaa| yuvA hone para sadana ko vyavasAya karanA pdd'aa| kucha vyavasAya na milane para unheM paitRka vyavasAya apanAnA pdd'aa| vaha jIvavadha to nahIM kara sakatA thaa| parantu mAMsa kharIdatA aura becatA thaa| usakI rojI calane lgii| ' mAMsa kA vyavasAya karate hue bhI sadana prabhu-bhajana meM lIna rahatA thaa| use apanA vyavasAya pasanda na thA / vaha mana mArakara yaha kArya karatA thaa| hari kA nAma pratipala usake hRdaya meM rahatA thaa| kahate haiM, bhagavAn manuSya ke hRdaya ko dekhate haiM, bAhya kArya ko nhiiN| sadana kI dukAna para mAMsa tolane ke lie eka zAligrAma thaa| bhagavAn usa zAligrAma meM nivAsa karane lge| .. eka dina sadana kI dukAna ke sAmane se eka saMta nikala rahe the| unakI dRSTi zAligrAma para pdd'ii| ve zAligrAma ko pahacAna ge| unheM bar3A kaSTa huaa| unhoMne sadana se vaha zAligrAma mAMga liyaa| sadana ne saharSa vaha camakIlA bATa saMta ko de diyaa| saMta zAligrAma ko apanI kuTiyA para le ge| unhoMne vidhipUrvaka - usakI pUjA kii| rAtrI meM saMta ne eka svapna dekhA / svapna meM bhagavAn bole "tuma mujhe yahAM kyoM le Ae ho| mujhe to vahIM mere bhakta ke pAsa bar3A sukha milatA thaa| usake karasparza meM bar3I zItalatA thii| usake gAna se mAdhurya TapakatA thaa| tuma mujhe vahIM pahuMcA do|" subaha ve saMta zAligrAma ko lekara sadana ke pAsa pahuMce aura use vaha Izvara rUpa zAligrAma pradAna karate hue usakI mahimA btaaii| sadana gIya ra 239

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apanI aviveka buddhi ko dhikkaaraa| zAligrAma jI kI arcanA kii| aba use apane karma se ghRNA ho gii| usane nizcaya kara liyA ki bhUkhoM mara jAUMgA, lekina mAMsa kA vyavasAya nahIM karUMgA / zAligrAma ko lekara sadana jagannAtha purI kI ora cala pdd'aa| mArga meM saMdhyA ghirane para sadana eka grAma meM eka gRhastha ke ghara rAtrI - vizrAma ke lie ThaharA / rAtrI ko gRhastha kI patnI sadana ke rUpa-yauvana para Asakta ho gii| usake pAsa Akara usane hAvoM bhAvoM se apane hRdaya ke kutsita vicAra pragaTa kie| sadana to bhagavadbhakta thA / vaha aisA dUSita prastAva kaise svIkAra karatA? usane usa strI ko samajhAyA - "mAM ! mujhe kSamA kro| maiM to tumhArA putra huuN| kutsita vicAroM kA tyAga kIjie / " strI ne socA ki sadana usake pati se ghabarA rahA hai| usane talavAra nikAlI aura apane pati kA sira kATa diyA / phira sadana ke pAsa Akara vahI prastAva rkhaa| sadana ne usake prastAva ko kaThina zabdoM meM ThukarA diyA / strI jala uThI / usane triyAcaritra pradarzita karate hue jora-jora se cillAnA zurU kara diyaa| loga ekatra ho ge| vaha bolI- 'yaha yAtrI mujhase balAtkAra karane kI ceSTA kara rahA hai| isane mere pati kA vadha kara diyA hai / ' logoM ne usa strI kI bAta para vizvAsa kara liyaa| sadana ko pakar3akara rAjA ke pAsa le ge| rAjA ne sadana ke donoM hAtha kaTavA die| sadana ne koI saphAI nahIM dI / na hI usane bhagavAn se koI zikAyata kii| para bhI vaha prasanna thA / vaha jagannAthapurI kI ora cala pdd'aa| udhara prabhu ne purI ke pujArI ko svapna meM Adeza diyA- merA bhakta sadana mere pAsa A rahA hai| usake hAtha kaTa gae haiN| pAlakI lekara jAo aura use AdarapUrvaka le aao| sadana ko pAlakI meM lAyA gyaa| sadana ne jaise hI bhagavAn jagannAtha ko daNDavat praNAma karake bhujAeM kIrtana ke lie upara uThAIM, usake hAtha pUrvavat ThIka ho ge| sadana ne ise prabhu kA prasAda mAnA, , lekina usake hRdaya meM eka zaMkA banI rahI ki mujha niraparAdha ke hAtha kyoM kATe ge| maiMne to jIvana meM koI pApa nahIM kiyA / rAtrI meM bhagavAn ne svapna meM pragaTa hokara sadana se kahA"mere bhakta! prabhu ke rAjya meM koI niraparAdha daNDita nahIM hotA / tumhArI soca jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 2401

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kisI sImA taka satya hai| parantu jIvana itanA hI nahIM hai jitanA tuma samajha rahe ho| isa jIvana se pahale bhI tumhArA jIvana thaa| usa jIvana ke aparAdha kA daNDa tumheM hAtha gavAM kara bhoganA par3A hai|' "merA aparAdha kyA thA prabhu?" sadana ne puuchaa| "pUrva jIvana meM tuma brAhmaNa the|" bhagavAn ne kahA- "eka dina eka gAya eka kasAI ke ghere se bhAgI jA rahI thii| kasAI ne tumheM pukAra kara gAya ko rokane ke lie khaa| tuma bhalIbhAMti jAnate the ki gAya ko rokane kA pariNAma gAya kI mRtyu hogaa| phira bhI tuma ne apane donoM hAthoM ko gAya ke gale meM DAla kara use roka liyaa| sadana! vahI gAya isa jIvana meM vaha strI banI aura kasAI usa kA pati banA / kasAI ne gAya kA vadha kiyA thA, isalie usa strI ne apane pati kA vadha karake apanA badalA liyaa| tumane bhayAtura gAya ko donoM hAthoM se bhAgane se rokA thA, ataH tumhAreM donoM hAtha kATe ge|" karaNI kA phala pratyeka prANI ko avazya bhoganA par3atA haiisa sUtra ko sadana ne hRdayaMgama kara liyaa| azubha-pApayukta karmoM se bacate hue sadana sadaiva zubha karmoM meM lIna rahane lgaa| niSpApa jIvana bitAkara usane paradhAma prApta kiyaa| OOO uparyukta do kathAeM karmavAda ke siddhAnta ke anurUpa hI haiN| donoM kathAnakoM kA tathya va satya ekadama samAna hai| jaina sAhitya se uddhata kalAvatI ke kathAnaka meM usake pUrvajanma meM kiye gae hiMsAtmaka karma (tote ke paMkha kATa dene) ke phalasvarUpa usake hAtha kATe jAne kA varNana hai| vaidika sAhitya se uddhRta sadana kasAI ke kathAnaka meM bhI yahI satya mukharita huA hai| sadana kasAI ne apane pUrva janma meM eka bhAgatI huI mAya ko pakar3a kara kasAI ko soMpA, jisake phalasvarUpa use apane hAtha gaMvAne pdd'e| vaidika va jaina- ye dhArAeM bhinna-bhinna haiM, kintu donoM kathAnakoM kI ekAtmatA, ekarUpatA va ekasvaratA draSTavya hai| TikIya sADa 241

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12 NG D bhogaH durgati kI rAha ( sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) sattA kI kAmanA bhItara ke kAmAkarSaNa kI pratIka hai| 'kAma' kA AkarSaNa atyanta prabala hotA hai| usake lie manuSya apanA sarvasva dAMva para lagA detA hai| lekina vaha isa satya ko vismRta kara detA hai ki 'kAma' kevala pravRtti kAla meM hI sukhAbhAsa mAtra detA hai, parantu pariNAma - kAla meM dAruNa kaSTadAtA siddha hotA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'kAma' ke svarUpa ko pragaTa kiyA thA " sallaM kAmA visaM kAmA kAmA AsIvisovamA / " (uttarAdhyayana sU. 9/53) 'kAma' zalya haiM, viSa tulya haiM, bhayAnaka tAlapuTa viSa ke samAna mRtyu dene vAle / jaina Agama sAhitya meM kAmabhogoM kI nissAratA tathA duHkhaprada pariNati ke viSaya meM pracura sUktiyAM va uddharaNa upalabdha haiM, unmeM se kucha yahAM prastuta haiM:- kAmANugiddhippabhavaM khu dukkhaM, savvassa logassa sadevagassa / (uttarAdhyayana sU. 32/19) - samRddhizAlI devatAoM se lekara sAmAnya prANiyoM taka jo duHkha hai, vaha viSaya- lolupatA ke kAraNa prApta hai| savve kAmA duhAvahA / (uttarAdhyayana sU. 13/16) jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 242)

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-sabhI kAmabhoga duHkhadAyI hote haiN| na kAmabhogA samayaM uti| (uttarAdhyayana sU. 32/101) -kAmabhogoM ke sevana se sukha-zAnti nahIM mila sktii| bauddha paramparA meM bhI kAmabhogoM kI heyatA ko sarvatra rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai:natthi kAmA paraM dukkhN| .. (jAtaka 11/459/99) -kAmabhogoM se jyAdA koI duHkhadAyI nahIM haiN| yo kAme kAmayati, dukkhaM so kaamyti| (theragAthA-96) -jo kAmaviSayoM ko cAhatA hai, vaha duHkha ko hI cAha rahA hai| kAmabhogoM meM Asakta vyakti unase sahajatayA nikala nahIM pAtA / jAtaka sAhitya meM kahA gayA hai: paMko ca kAmA paliyo ca kAmA manoharA duttarA mccudheyyaa| etasmiM paMke paliye vyasA hInattarUpA na taranti paarN|| arthAt kAma-bhoga kIcar3a haiM, kAma-bhoga daladala haiM, manohara haiM, dustara haiM, maraNa-mukha haiN| isa kIcar3a meM, daladala meM phaMse hue hInAtmA loga taira kara pAra nahIM ho skte| vaidika paramparA bhI zramaNa paramparA kI taraha kAmabhogoM ke duSpariNAmoM kA nirUpaNa karatI hai aura inheM sarvathA tyAjya/varjanIya batAtI hai| mahAbhAratakAra maharSi vyAsa kA spaSTa udbodhana hai: na jAtu kAmaH kAmAnAmupabhogena shaamyti| haviSAM kRSNavarmeva bhUya evAbhivardhate // (mahAbhArata- 1/75/50) -kAmabhogoM ke nirantara bhoga karate rahane se kabhI kAmanAeM zAnta nahIM hotii| ve to usI prakAra baDhatI haiM jaise ghI DAlane se agni kI lau baDhatI hai| kAmabhogoM ke duSpariNAma ko vyAkhyAyita karane vAle do kathAnaka yahAM prastuta haiM jo kramazaH jaina va vaidika paramparA se sambaddha haiN| visIya khaNDa, 25

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[1] brahmadatta cakravartI brahmadatta nAma ke eka cakravartI the| chaha khaNDa para unakA zAsana thA / saMsAra ke samasta sukhabhoga unheM prApta the| brahmadatta sukhoM aura bhogoM meM DUbA rhtaa| use dharma-karma kI kabhI yAda bhI na aatii| eka bAra vaha nATaka dekha rahA thaa| nATaka meM jo dRzya dikhAye gaye, unheM dekhakara cakravartI soca meM DUba gyaa| use lagane lagA- jaise yaha saba usane pahale kahIM dekhA hai| nATaka kaba khatma huA use patA ja claa| vaha apane meM DUbA rhaa| eka dina jaba vaha isa cintana meM DUbA thA to use jAtismaraNa jJAna prApta ho gyaa| jAti smaraNa jJAna pUrva janmoM ke jJAna ko kahate haiN| usa jJAna meM brahmadatta ko apane kaI janma dikhAI pdd'e| una pUrvajanmoM meM usane jAnA- maiM pUrvajanma meM saMbhUta nAma kA muni thaa| mere bar3e bhAI the- citta muni! maiMne aura citta muni ne chaha janma sAtha-sAtha bitAye the| aba citta muni kahAM hai, yaha jijJAsA usake mana meM jaagii| vaha becaina ho uThA apane usa pUrva janma ke bhrAtA se milane ko | citta ko khoja nikAlane ke lie usane eka upakrama kiyaa| usane eka zlokArdha kI racanA kara use pracArita karavA diyaa| yaha bhI ghoSaNA karavA dI ki jo koI isa zloka ko pUrNa karegA, use vaha apanA AdhA rAjya degaa| zlokArdha meM citta aura saMbhUti ke pUrva ke chaha bhavoM kA sAMketika artha nihita thaa| jana-jana ke mukha para zlokArdha vyApta ho gyaa| udhara citta kA jIva purimatAla nagara meM zreSThI putra ke rUpa meM yuvA huA to usane muni dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lii| eka bAra ve muni vihAra karate hue kaMpilapura ke eka udyAna meM aae| vahAM eka gvAlA ukta zlokArdha ko doharA rahA thaa| vaha zlokArdha thA Asva dAsau mRgau haMsau, mAtaMgAvamarau tthaa| muni jJAnI the| unheM bhI pUrvajanmoM kA jJAna thaa| ataH unhoMne usa zlokArdha ko sunakara use pUrA kara diyaa| usa zlokArdha kI paMktiyAM thIMeSA no SaSThikA jAtiH anyonyAbhyAM vimuktyoH| .. jaina dharga eNAM predika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekA 244- -

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isa zlokapUrti se gvAlA gadgada ho gayA aura cakravartI ke Adhe rAjya ko pAne ke pralobhana meM daur3akara rAjA ke pAsa phuNcaa| usane brahmadatta ko pUrA zloka sunAyA jise sunakara brahmadatta mohAbhibhUta banakara aceta ho gyaa| cakravartI kI acetAvasthA ke lie sainikoM ne gvAle ko uttaradAyI mAnakara bandI banA liyaa| gvAle ne bhaya se kAMpate hue ugala diyA ki zloka kI pUrti usane nahIM, balki eka muni ne kI hai| brahmadatta svastha hue aura zIghra hI muni ke pAsa phuNce| donoM bhAI paraspara mile / brahmadatta ne muni ko AdhA rAjya dene kA Agraha kiyaa| muni ne use asvIkAra kara diyaa| muni ne brahmadatta ko dharmopadeza diyA aura saMyama apanAne kI preraNA dii| muni bole- rAjan! jIva jo karma karatA hai, usakA phala use avazya bhoganA par3atA hai| karma-phala bhoge binA jIva kA chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| yaha AtmA ananta kAla se saMsAra meM janma-maraNa kara rahA hai| saMsAra kA koI aisA sukha aura duHkha nahIM hai jo isane na bhogApAyA ho| tumane aura maiMne pUrva ke chaha janma sAtha bitAyeM haiN| una janmoM meM saMsAra ke aneka rUpa dekhe, parantu yaha tRSNA zAnta nahIM huii| rAjan! yaha smaraNa rahe saMsAra ke rUpa gIta, vilApa meM badalate haiN| sabhI nRtya-nATaka viDambanAyeM haiN| zarIra ko sajAne vAle AbhUSaNa, anta meM bhAra siddha hote haiN| sabhI kAma-bhoga anta meM duHkha siddha hote haiN| yaha jIvana azAzvata hai, kSaNika hai, nAzavAn hai| ve loga ajJAnI haiM jo binA dharma kiye hI paraloka ko jAte haiN| paraloka jAte isa jIva kA koI sambandhI, sAthI, mitra aura priya aisA nahIM hotA jo usakA sahArA bana ske| isalie he paMcAla rAjA! tuma merI bAta ko suno, mahAlaya gurUtaraghorapApa karma mata kro| muni kI bAta sunakara brahmadatta cakravartI ne kahAahaMpi jANAmi jaheha sAhu! je me tumaM sAhasi vakkameyaM / bhogA ime saMgakarA havanti, je dujjayA ajjo! amhaarisehiN|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra 13/27) he mune! Apa mujhe jo yaha upadeza de rahe ho, use maiM samajhatA hUM, parantu maiM kAma-bhogoM meM isa prakAra phaMsA hUM ki unheM chor3a nahIM sktaa| jisa prakAra daladala meM phaMsA huA hAthI, dUra kinAre ko dekhatA to hai parantu dvitIya khaNDa/245

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usa taka pahuMca nahIM pAtA / maiM bhI kAmabhogoM me phaMsA huuN| maiM inako chor3a nahIM sktaa| ye mujhe priya lagate haiN| rUcate haiN| maiM inake lie kAmanAzIla huuN| citta muni bole- rAjan agara tU kAma bhogoM kA parityAga nahIM bhI kara sakatA to kama se kama saMsAra meM rahate hue Arya karma (zreSTha karma) to kiyA kara, isase tujhe sadgati prApta hogii| upadeza dekara muni cale gye| pAMcAla rAjA brahmadatta muni ke upadeza ko sAkAra nahIM kara skaa| brahmadatta ne sAta sau varSa kI Ayu taka rAjya kiyaa| jaba usakI Ayu aThAraha varSa zeSa thI taba eka brAhmaNa ne dhokhe se chipakara gulela ke vAra se usakI donoM AMkhe phor3a diiN| isase brahmadatta brAhmaNa varga kA zatru bana gyaa| usane Adeza diyA ki pRthvI ke samasta brAhmaNoM kI AMkheM nikAla kara usake samakSa rakhI jaaeN| maMtrI dharmAtmA aura catura thaa| usane manuSya kI AMkha ke AkAra ke zleSmAMtaka phaloM kA thAla rAjA ke samakSa rakha diyaa| una phaloM ko brAhmaNoM kI AMkha mAnakara brahmadatta una para hAtha phirAne lagA aura prasanna hone lgaa| aise aThAraha varSoM taka mahAraudra dhyAna ko jIte hue, marane para brahmadatta sAtaveM naraka meM gayA / isa taraha bhogoM meM DUbe brahmadatta ne durgati ko prApta kiyaa| [triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita se] [2] duryodhana vidika) prAcIna samaya meM hastinApura nagara meM pANDu nAma ke rAjA rAjya karate the| unake bar3e bhAI kA nAma dhRtarASTra thaa| jyeSTha kaurava hote hue bhI dhRtarASTra janmAndha hone ke kAraNa hastinApura kA rAjya na pA sake the| uttarAdhikArI hote hue bhI rAjA ja bana pAne kA kaSTa-kaNTaka dhRtarASTra ke hRdaya meM cubhA rahatA thaa| mahArAjA pANDu ke pAMca putra hue| unake nAma the- yudhiSThira, bhIma, arjuna, nakula aura sahadeva / dhRtarASTra ke sau putra hue / duryodhana, dhRtarASTra kA jyeSTha putra thaa| pANDu-putra pANDava aura dhRtarASTra-putra kaurava khlaae| pANDava dharmajJa aura nItijJa the jabaki kaurava rAjya-lolupa aura adharmI the| jana vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 246)

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.. rAjA pANDu kI asamaya meM mRtyu ho gii| unake putra yudhiSThira itane choTe the ki ve zAsana nahIM saMbhAla sakate the| ataH siMhAsana ke saMcAlana kA dAyitva dhRtarASTra ko prApta ho gyaa| dhRtarASTra kA sapanA pUrNa ho gyaa| vaha siMhAsana ke moha meM pUrNatayA DUba gayA / vaha prayAsa karane lagA ki . usakA uttarAdhikAra usake putra duryodhana ko prApta ho| duryodhana duSTa aura ahaMkArI thaa| zakunI Adi chala-vidyAmarmajJoM ke sahayoga ne usakI duSTatA ko aura bar3hA diyaa| vaha pANDavoM ko naSTa karane kA prayatna karane lgaa| usane prayatna para prayatna kie| kabhI usane bhIma ko viSa khilAkara yamunA meM bahA diyA to kabhI lAkSAgRha kA duSTa jAla rcaa| lekina use apane pratyeka prayatna meM muMha kI khAnI pdd'ii| dhRtarASTra aura duryodhana kI bhayaMkara rAjyalipsA se vivaza hokara pitAmaha bhISma ko hastinApura sAmrAjya ko do khaNDoM meM vibhakta karanA pdd'aa| yudhiSThira Adhe rAjya se hI saMtuSTa ho ge| parantu duryodhana santuSTa na huaa| pANDavoM ko prApta indraprastha ko bhI vaha apane rAjya meM milAnA cAhatA thaa| talavAra ke bala para vaha pANDavoM ko parAjita nahIM kara sakatA thaa| usane chala-bala kA Azraya liyA / dyUta-krIr3A kA Ayojana karake usane pANDavoM ko rAjA se raMka banA diyaa| isase hI use saMtoSa nahIM huaa| usane pANDavoM kI ardhAMginI draupadI ko bharI sabhA meM nirvastra karane kA nikRSTatama prayAsa bhI kiyaa| pANDava duryodhana ko punaH punaH kSamA karate rhe| ve apanI acchAI se duryodhana kI burAI miTAnA cAhate the| lekina adharma kA pratirUpa duryodhana badalA nhiiN| pANDavoM ko bAraha varSa kA vanavAsa aura eka varSa kA ajJAtavAsa milA | vanavAsa kAla meM bhI duryodhana pANDavoM ko kaSTa detA rhaa| vanavAsa ke uparAnta pANDavoM ne apanA rAjya duryodhana se maaNgaa| duryodhana ne eka sUI kI noka Tike- itanA rAjya bhI dene se inkAra kara diyaa| dharmajJoM, nItijJoM aura bujurgoM ne use smjhaayaa| itanA hI nahIM, svayaM zrI kRSNa duryodhana ko samajhAne ke lie gye| unhoMne duryodhana ko dharma-karma, rAjanIti, lokanIti Adi aneka taraha se smjhaayaa| kahA- vaha pAMDavoM kA haka de de| haThAgrahI duryodhana nahIM maanaa| zrI kRSNa use phira bhI samajhAte rhe| zrI kRSNa ke tarkoM kA uttara usake pAsa na thaa| antataH duryodhana bolA

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jAnAmi dharmaM na ca me pravRttiH, jAnAmi adharmaM na ca me nivRttiH| zrI kRSNa! maiM dharma ko jAnatA hUM parantu usameM merI pravRtti nahIM hai| maiM adharma ko bhI jAnatA hUM parantu usase merI nivRtti nahIM hai| ataH maiM sUI kI noka para Aye utanI bhUmi bhI pAMDavoM ko nahIM duuNgaa| duryodhana apanI jidda para ar3A rahA / pariNAma-svarUpa mahAbhArata kA ghora vinAzakArI yuddha huaa| zrI kRSNa ne svayaM duryodhana kI ukta haThadharmitA aura mohagrastatA kA bakhAna isa prakAra kiyA hai- na ca te jAtasaMmohAH vaco'gRhaNanta me hitam (mahAbhArata- 14/54/20) arthAt duryodhana Adi sabhI mohagrasta the, ataH unhoMne hitakArI bAteM bhI merI nahIM suniiN| aMtataH sampUrNa bhAratavarSa do bhAgoM meM baMTa gyaa| karmayogI zrI kRSNa ne pANDavoM kA pakSa liyaa| unhoMne yuddha nahIM kiyA, parantu yuddha kA nirdezana unake hAtha meM thaa| zrI kRSNa ke kuzala netRtva meM pANDavoM ne kauravoM kI vizAla aura ajeya sainya zakti ko parAsta kara diyaa| rAjya kA lobhI aura parama ahaMkArI duryodhana apane pUrvajoM bhAiyoM, putroM, dostoM aura sahAyakoM sahita nAza ko prApta ho gyaa| 000 samasta saMsAra ko 'adhyAtma' kA prakAza dene meM bhAratavarSa ko agraNI hone kA gaurava prApta hai| adhyAtmasAdhanA ke lie bhAratavarSa eka urvarA bhUmi hai| yahAM kI saMskRti adhyAtmapradhAna hai| adhyAtmasAdhakoM kI eka lambI paramparA yahAM anavarata rUpa se pravartamAna rahI hai| yahAM mAnava kA antima puruSArtha-lakSya 'mokSa' kI prApti mAnA gayA hai| adhyAtma-sAdhanA va kAmabhoga-sevana - ye donoM viparIta pravRttiyAM haiN| kintu kAmabhoga lubhAvane hote haiM aura kAmanAoM kI kSaNika zAnti ke lie sAmAnya vyakti inakI Asakti meM baMdhatA hai| phalasvarUpa, laukika va pAralaukika- donoM dRSTiyoM se dukhadAyI pariNAmoM ko vaha jaina dharma eva vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/248

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bhogatA hai| isa dRSTi se bhAratIya saMskRti ke purodhA AcAryoM ne eka svara se kAmabhogoM kI heyatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| kAmanAoM kI pUrti kabhI ho hI nahIM sakatI, kyoMki kAmanA kA kahIM anta nahIM hotaa| isa sambandha meM vaidika va jaina paramparA ke vicAra-sAmya kI dRSTi se do uddharaNa yahAM prAsaMgika haiM (vaidika): pRthivI ratnasampUrNA hiraNyaM pazavaH striyH| nAlamekasya tatsarvamiti matvA zamaM vrajet // (mahAbhArata, 1/75/51) (jaina): puDhavI sAlI javA ceva, hiraNNaM psubhissh| paDipuNNaM NAlamegassa, ii vijA tavaM cre|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-9/49) uparyukta donoM uddharaNoM kA kathya eka hI hai, vaha yaha hai ki duniyA kI sArI dharatI, sArI bhautika sampati bhI milakara kisI eka vyakti kI kAmanA ko saMtuSTa nahIM kara sakatIM, isalie vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha tapa yA zAnti (saMtoSa) kA Azraya le| niSkarSa yaha hai ki kAmabhogoM kI niHsAratA aura unakI heyatA ke viSaya meM samasta bhAratIya vicAradhArAeM (cArvAka kA chor3a kara) ekamata haiN| uparyukta kathAnakoM meMjo jaina va vaidika- donoM dhArAoM se sambaddha haiM- eka svara se kAmabhogoM kI heyatA kA sodAharaNa pratipAdana huA hai| jaina paramparA se sambaddha brahmadatta cakravartI ke kathAnaka meM asAmAnya vizAla vaibhava kA svAmI cakravartI brahmadatta viSayabhogoM ke daladala meM phaMsatA hI gayA aura AjIvana asaMtuSTa hI rahA / saMtuSTi na hone kA pramANa yahI hai ki vaha usase virata nahIM huaa| bhojana se kisI vyakti kA peTa bhara gayA hai- isakI puSTi taba hotI hai jaba vaha diyA tAra 15

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bhojana se virata ho jAya / kAmabhoga ke daladala meM phaMse cakravartI brahmadatta ko pUrvajanma ke bhAI muni kA bArabAra samajhAnA bhI nirarthaka siddha huaa| anta meM kAmabhogoM ne use durgati kI ora hI dhakela diyaa| mahAbhArata ke pAtra duryodhana ne bhI asatya aura chala kA sahArA lekara sattA ko pAne ke lie samasta adharmamaya prayAsa kiye| vaha kAma-bhoga kI Asakti se grasta prANI thaa| usane AjIvana tanAva va saMgharSa kA azAnta jIvana jIyA aura antataH kulasahita vinaSTa hokara durgati rUpa rasAtala meM gyaa| brahmadatta cakravartI aura duryodhana- ye donoM hI caritra bhogoM kI cAha meM DUbe hue the aura apanI kAmanA kI pUrti ke lie kucha bhI adharma yA pApa karane ke lie tatpara the| pratibodha dene para bhI unakI AtmA pramAda se virata nahIM ho paaii| donoM ne pratibodha sunA, kintu unake hRdaya meM vaha utara nahIM pAyA, aura vaha AcaraNa meM nahIM A skaa| jJAna va kriyA kA samanvaya hone para hI paramakalyANa kA mArga prazasta ho pAtA hai- isa satya se donoM paramparAeM sahamata haiN| jaina ma ta ti dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 2500->C

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3 moha-vijaya dura (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) moha bandhana hai | sampUrNa jagat moha se baMdhA hai| moha Adi, madhya aura anta tInoM avasthAoM meM azAnti- asaMtoSa aura duHkha dene vAlA hai| jaina sUtroM kI bhASA meM mohamUlANi dukkhANi / (isibhAsiya- 2 / 7 ) moha samasta duHkhoM kA udgama- mUla hai| yahI bAta saMta kavi tulasIdAsa ne bhI doharAI thI moha sakala vyAdhinha kara mUlA / tinha te puni upajahiM bahu sUlA // jaina paramparA kA spaSTa udghoSa hai ki moha se karma-bandhana, usase janma-maraNa va duHkha kI utpatti hotI hai- kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vyNti| kammaM ca jAImaraNassa mUlaM, dukkhaM ca jAImaraNaM vayaMti (uttarA. sU. 32 / 7) / ataH moha ke naSTa hone para bhAvI duHkhaparamparA kA svataH anta honA mAna liyA jAtA hai- dukkhaM hayaM jassa na hoi moho (uttarA. sU. 32/8) / bauddha paramparA meM bhI 'moha' kI nindA eka svara meM kI gaI hai| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM:- moho akusalamUlaM (majjhimanikAya, 1/ 8/2) / arthAt moha pApa kA mUla hai / natthi mohasamaM jAlaM (dhammapada, 18/ 17) - arthAt moha ke samAna koI jaMjAla nahIM hai / mahAtmA buddha ne apane HOME 201

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anuyAyiyoM ko moha ke viSaya meM kahA thA- mohaM bhikkhave! emadhamma pajahatha, ahaM vo pATibhogo anAgAmitAyAH (suttapiTaka, itivRttaka, 1/3) / arthAt he bhikSuoM! eka moha ko chor3a do, maiM tumhAre anAgAmI arthAt nirvANa kA uttaradAyitva letA huuN| vaidika paramparA meM bhI mAnA gayA hai ki 'moha' se rahita hone para hI kalyANa-mArga prazasta ho pAtA hai| vaidika RSi kA vacana haiaprabhUrA mahobhiH vratA rakSante vizvAhA (Rgveda- 1/90/2) / arthAt moha se mUrchita na hone vAle jJAnI puruSa hI apane AtmIya teja se sadaiva vratoM meM dRr3ha rahate haiN| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki moha eka tAmasI vRtti hai (gItA14/13), aura tAmasI pravRtti adhogati kA kAraNa hotI hai (gItA- 14/ 18) / mohagrasta vyakti mukti se dUra hI rahatA hai, isI satya ko rekhAMkita karate hue gItA meM kahA gayA hai- mohAd gRhItvA'sadgrAhAn pravartante'zucivratAH (gItA- 16/10) / arthAt mohagrasta vyakti asat siddhAntoM ko apanAte haiM aura bhraSTa AcaraNa meM saMlagna ho jAte haiM, isalie ve saMsAra meM hI ghUmate rahate haiM- mukta nahIM ho paate| moha kA kSaya saMsAra kA kSaya hai| vastutaH saMsAra kA astitva bAhara nahIM, bhItara meM hai| bhItara kA saMsAra miTate hI, bAhya saMsAra svataH miTa jAtA hai| antaHsaMsAra ke zeSa rahate, bAhya saMsAra miTa nahIM sakatA hai| phira bhale hI ekAnta kAnana meM baiThakara samAdhi kA abhyAsa kiyA jAe yA sudIrgha tapasyAeM kI jaaeN| amoha hai-vItarAgatA kA Atmatala para avataraNa / moha ke kSaya ke kSaNa ke sAtha hI, AMsU-pIr3A va bandhana svataH kSINa ho jAte haiN| nimnalikhita kathAnakoM meM yahI satya-svara anuguJjita ho rahA hai| [1] sagara cakravartI (gaina) - ayodhyA nagarI meM rAjA vijaya kA rAjya thaa| unakI rAnI kA nAma vijayA thaa| rAjA vijaya ke eka bhAI the, jinakA nAma sumitra thaa| sumitra kI rAnI kA nAma yazomatI thaa| vijayA aura yazomatI ne caudaha janAe gamika parga kI sarakArika ekatA/252 >c

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mahAn svapna dekhakara eka-eka putra ko janma diyaa| mahArAnI vijayA ke putra kA nAma ajita tathA yazomatI ke putra kA nAma sagara rakhA gyaa| ajita aura sagara yuvA hue| putra ko yogya jAnakara mahArAja vijaya ne rAjya kA bhAra ajita ko soMpakara svayaM ArhatI dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| sumitra ne bhI apane bhAI kA anugamana kiyaa| ajita ne bahuta varSoM taka kuzalatA aura nyAyazIlatA se rAjya kiyaa| bhogAvali karmoM kI samApti para ajita ne eka varSa taka varSIdAna dekara dIkSA dhAraNa kii| ve dvitIya tIrthaMkara bne| ayodhyA ke rAjA sagara bne| AyudhazAlA meM cakraratna paidA huaa| mahArAja sagara chaH khaNDa ko jItane ke lie cala die| sagara ke sATha hajAra putra the| pitA kI digvijaya meM putroM kA yogadAna bhI ullekhanIya rhaa| chaH khaNDoM ko jItakara sagara ne dvitIya cakravartI kA pada paayaa| sagara kA sampUrNa pRthvI para akhaNDa zAsana thA / eka ghaTanA ne unake jIvana kI gati badala dii| sagara ke sATha hajAra putroM ne eka bAra vizva bhramaNa-darzana kA vicAra kiyaa| pitA se AjJA maaNgii| sagara ne putroM ke vicAra kA samarthana kiyA / cakravartI ke jyeSTha putra jAnhukumAra ke netRtva meM sATha hajAra cakravartI-putra vizva-darzana ke lie cala die| prAkRtika sthaloM, vanoM, upavanoM, nagaroM, parvatoM Adi kA saundarya dekhate hue cakravartI-putra aSTApada parvata para pahuMce / aSTApada parvata para prakRti saundarya kA paridhAna or3he nRtya kara rahI thii| jAnhukumAra Adi sATha hajAra bhAI isa saundarya meM kho ge| jAnhukumAra ke mana meM eka vicAra jAgAisa prAkRtika saundarya ko sthira rakhane ke lie kucha karanA caahie| bhAiyoM se vimarza karake usane aSTApada kI surakSA ke lie usake cAroM ora khAI khodane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| khAI khodane ke lie cakravartI kA daNDaratna kAma meM liyA gyaa| daNDa-prahAroM se nAgakumAra devoM ke bhavana kSatigrasta hone lge| eka deva ne Akara cakravartI-putroM ko isake virUddha cetAvanI dii| lekina abhimAnI cakravartI-putroM ne nAgakumAra devoM kI bAta anasunI karate hue khAI meM gaMgA nadI kA pravAha mor3a diyaa| nAgakumAra devoM ke bhavana jalamagna ho ge| unhoMne krodhita hokara bhayAnaka agni jalAkara jAnhukumAra Adi sATha hajAra sinIya rakhADa.253

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bhAiyoM ko jalAkara bhasma kara diyaa| senA bhayabhIta ho gii| senApati ko cakravartI-putroM kI mRtyu kA duHkha to thA hI, sAtha hI use yaha cintA thI ki cakravartI ko yaha duHkhada samAcAra kaise diyA jaae| senApati ne bahuta vicAra kara yaha kArya eka vRddha vidvAn brAhmaNa ko soMpa diyaa| ___ brAhmaNa ayodhyA phuNcaa| jidhara sagara bhramaNa ko nikale the, udhara khar3A hokara Arta svara meM rone lgaa| sagara ne brAhmaNa se rone kA kAraNa puuchaa| brAhmaNa bole "mahArAja! merA yuvA putra mara gayA hai| maiM use bhulA nahIM pA rahA huuN| vaha bar3A honahAra thaa| lAkhoM meM eka thaa|" sagara bole-"brAhmaNa deva! jIvana ke sAtha mRtyu kA aTUTa sambandha hai| jo janma letA hai use eka dina avazya maranA hotA hai| dhairya hI davA hai| saMtoSa rkhie|" ___"kyA aisI sthiti meM dhairya rakhA jA sakatA hai|" brAhmaNa ne puuchaa| "kyoM nahIM! vIra puruSa kaisI bhI sthiti meM dhairya nahIM chodd'te|' sagara ne uttara diyaa| brAhmaNa bole- "mahArAja! Apa zUravIra haiN| aura yaha Apake dhairya kA kSaNa honA caahie| Apake sabhI putra mara cuke haiN|' kahate hue brAhmaNa ne pUrI bAta sagara ko kaha dii| sagara ko akalpita duHkha huaa| lekina ve zIghra hI saMbhala ge| viraha ke duHkha se vairAgya jnmaa| rAja-pATa chor3akara ve muni bana ge| ghora tapa karake, kaivalya sAdhakara siddha-buddha-mukta hue| moha saMsAra hai| amoha mokSa hai| moha duHkha hai, kaSTa hai, bandhana hai| amoha Ananda hai, vimukti hai| moha ke AdhAra prANI yA dravya saMyoga avasthA meM sukhAbhAsa to dete haiM, para vAstavika sukha nhiiN| viyoga kAla meM mohAsakta atiduHkhita hotA hai| moha-khaNDana ke kSaNa ko jo jJAna bhAva se svIkRta karatA hai vaha mohAtIta hokara paramapada ko pA letA hai| [triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita se] jana gaM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 254

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[2] balarAma kA moha-bhaMga vidika) rAma aura lakSmaNa kI bhAMti kRSNa aura balarAma kA paraspara prema advitIya aura ananya thaa| ve do deha aura eka prANa the| donoM kA eka dUsare ke prati sampUrNa samarpaNa aura gahana apanatva thaa| donoM ke lie eka dUsare ke binA jIne kI kalpanA akalpya thii| samaya kA cakkara gAr3I ke pahie kI bhAMti ghUmatA rahatA hai| eka kSaNa jo ArA Upara hotA hai, dUsare hI kSaNa vaha nIce A jAtA hai| jIvana meM bhI yahI satya ghaTita hotaahai| eka samaya jo manuSya ananta UMcAiyoM kA sparza karatA hai, dUsare hI kSaNa vaha rasAtala meM bhI pahuMca jAtA hai| yaduvaMza aura dvArikA ke vinAza ke pazcAt, zrIkRSNa aura balarAma pANDumathurA kI ora cala pdd'e| mArga meM kauzAmbI vana thaa| aparimitabalI zrIkRSNa thaka ge| ve eka zilAkhaNDa ko sira ke nIce lagA kara leTa ge| unhoMne balarAma se pAnI lAne ko kahA / balarAma cale ge| zrIkRSNa kA dAyAM paira bAeM paira para rakhA huA thaa| unake paira meM sthita padamaratna ko mRga kI AMkha aura pItAmbara ko mRga kI deha samajha kara jarAkumAra ne tIra calA diyaa| nizAnA acUka thA / marmasthala para bhayaMkara pIr3A huii| jarA kumAra zrIkRSNa ke pAsa phuNcaa| apanI bhUla para use bhArI duHkha huaa| zrIkRSNa ne karuNArdra hokara kahA-"jarAkumAra! bhAga jA yahAM se | balarAma Ane vAle haiN| merI mRtyu aura haMtA ko ve saha nahIM paaeNge| tuma cale jaao|" kahakara zrIkRSNa ne zvAsa gati ko virAma de diyaa|jraakumaar bhI bhAga gyaa| balarAma kucha dera bAda lautte| zrIkRSNa jI jaise bhAI kI mRtyu dekhakara unakA antas hila utthaa| ve rone lge| ananta pIr3A thI unake rodana meN| vana prAntara kA kaNa-kaNa zokamagna ho gyaa| bahuta dera taka balarAma rote rhe| phira sahasA balarAma jI ke AMsU sUkha ge| unhoMne khar3e hokara bhUmi para pAdaprahAra kiyA aura bole- "saba miTa sakatA hai, lekina zrIkRSNa nahIM miTa skte| svayaM yamarAja bhI pralaya kA phandA lekara kRSNa

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ko mArane AegA to maiM use bhI miTA dUMgA | kRSNa nahIM mara skte|" balarAma jI jora se haMse / punaH bole- "kRSNa vizrAma kara rahe haiN| nidrAdhIna haiN| bhAI ko vizrAma se jagAnA ucita na hogaa| lekina saMdhyA ghira rahI hai| rAtrI meM vana meM ThaharanA bhI to ucita na hogaa|" aise vicAra karate hue vikSipta bane balarAma ne zrIkRSNa kI deha ko apane kandhe para rakha liyA aura eka dizA meM cala die| unheM yaha vizvAsa nahIM ho rahA thA ki zrIkRSNa kA dehAnta ho cukA hai| gautamI kA mohabhaMga bauddhadharma -sAhitya kI eka kathA isa saMdarbha meM ullekhanIya hai bhagavAn buddha ke samaya kI ghaTanA hai| gautamI nAma kI eka vidhavA mahilA kA ikalautA putra mara gyaa| gautamI ko putra-mRtyu se tIvra AghAta lgaa| mamatAmayI gautamI putra ke zava ko hRdaya se cipakAe pAgala kI bhAMti idhara-udhara bhaTakane lgii| use vizvAsa thA ki koI na koI aisA vyakti use avazya milegA jo usake putra ko jIvita kara degaa| gautamI kI isa karuNa dazA ko dekhakara kisI ne usase kahA-"gautamI! tuma bhagavAn buddha ke pAsa calI jaao| ve avazya hI tumhAre putra ko jIvita kara deNge|" gautamI ko andhere meM sUrya-kiraNa ke darzana hue| vaha mRta putra ko lekara tathAgata buddha ke samavasaraNa meM phuNcii| putra ke zava ko apane buddha ke caraNoM para rakha diyA aura azru bahAkara dIna svara meM prArthanA karane lagI- "buddha deva! Apa azaraNoM ke zaraNa haiN| Apa bhava-siMdhu se tArane vAle parama jahAja haiN| mere putra ko jIvita karake mujha abhAgina para upakAra kiijie|" buddha ne gautamI kI AMkhoM meM dekhaa| unakA hRdaya usakI durdazA para vihvala ho gyaa| unhoMne eka yukti ko AdhAra banAte hue kahA- "gautamI! tuma eka 'kAma' kara do to tumhArA putra jIvita ho sakatA hai|" "Adeza kIjie, prabhu!" gautamI utsukatA se bolI- "apane putra ke jIvana ke lie maiM kucha bhI karane ko taiyAra huuN|" "amara ghara kI sarasoM le aaie|"buddh bole- "aise ghara se jahAM kabhI kisI kI mRtyu na huI ho, sarasoM ke canda kaNa le aaie| maiM tumhAre putra ko jIvita kara duuNgaa|" bAvalI banI gautamI nagara meM gii| eka dvAra para jAkara usane sarasoM ke kucha dAne maaNge| use dAne mila ge| gautamI ne pUchA-"isa ghara meM kabhI koI marA to nahIM hai?" "abhI kucha dina pahale hI mere pitA kI mRtyu huI hai|" sarasoM dene vAle ne khaa| gautamI ne sarasoM ke dAne lauTA die| dUsare dvAra para usane sarasoM kI yAcanA kii| usa dvAra se AvAja AI ki usakI mAtA kA dehAnta hue kucha hI samaya huA hai| ___"mere bhAI kI mRtyu, merI bahana kI mRtyu, mere pati kI mRtyu mere putra kI mRtyu|" dvAra-dvAra se AvAja A rahI thii| eka dvAra bhI aisA nahIM thA, jahAM koI marA na ho| acAnaka jaina dharma parikArga kI sAMskRtika kArA 256

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nirantara cha: mAha taka balarAma zrIkRSNa kI deha ko apane kandhe para lie ghUmate rhe| prabala thA unakA moh| anekoM logoM ne unheM samajhAne kA yatna kiyA, lekina samajhAne vAloM para balarAma krodhita ho uThate the| pUrvajanma ke eka mitra deva ne balarAma kI yaha dazA dekhii| mitra kI isa durdazA para mitra kA hRdaya khedakhinna ho utthaa| usane balarAma ke mohabhaMga kA nizcaya kara liyaa| jisa mArga se balarAma jA rahe the, usI mArga ke kinAre vaha deva eka kisAna kA rUpa banAkara eka zilAkhaNDa para Ama kA paudhA ropane kA yatna karane lgaa| kisAna kA yaha mUrkhatApUrNa yatna dekhakara balarAma bole- "vAha! gautamI ko bodha prApta huaa| usane vicAra kiyA- "gautamI! mRtyu to isa sRSTi kA niyama hai| jo janmA hai, usakI mRtyu nizcita hai| phira terA putra mara gayA to yaha koI apUrva ghaTanA nahIM ghaTI hai| mRtyu to eka dina anivArya hai| use roka pAnA asaMbhava hai| bhagavAn buddha ne tujhe yahI bodha dene ke lie amara ghara kI sarasoM lAne kA nirdeza diyA hai| amara koI haiM nahIM to amara ghara kI sarasoM kahAM se prApta ho paaegii|" gautamI kA moha bhaMga ho cukA thaa| vaha bhagavAn buddha ke pAsa pahuMcI aura unheM praNAma karake bolI- "deva! maiM jAna cukI hUM ki isa saMsAra meM koI bhI amara nahIM hai| amaratA kA ekamAtra kAraNa dharma hai| maiM apane putra ke zava kA agni-saMskAra karane ke pazcAt dharma kI zaraNa grahaNa kruuNgii|" gautamI ne apane putra ke zava kA antima saMskAra kiyaa| phira vaha tathAgata ke caraNoM meM jAkara sAdhanAzIla ho gii| pArasI dharmaguru isI sandarbha meM pArasI dharma kI eka adbhuta kathAnaka bhI yahAM prastuta hai eka pArasI dharmaguru the| ve apanI patnI aura do putroM ke sAtha eka gAMva meM rahate the| unakI patnI tattvajJA aura viduSI thii| dharmaguru apane putroM se atyanta sneha karate the| unase premAlApa karate, sAtha bhojana karate aura unake sAtha Tahalane niklte| unakA jIvana unake putroM ke jIvana ke sAtha ekAkAra ho gayA thaa| putroM ke binA ve apane jIvana kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakate the| eka dina dharmaguru bAhara gae hue the| akasmAt eka durghaTanA ghttii| dharmaguru ke donoM putroM kI mRtyu ho gii| ghara para mAtA akelI thii| putroM kI mRtyu ke vajrAghAta ne usake mAtRhRdaya ko hilA ddaalaa| lekina pati kI kyA dazA hogI- yaha socakara vaha saMbhala gii| usane apane donoM putroM ke zavoM ko ghara ke bhItara vAle kakSa meM eka zaiyA para liTA kara una para vastra DAla diyaa| kucha dera bAda dharmaguru lautte| putroM ko gRhadvAra para apanI pratIkSA karate hue na dvitIya khaNDa/257

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kyA vajramUrkha ho| zilAkhaNDa para Ama ropa rahe ho| zilAkhaNDa para Ama nahIM ugA karate haiN|" ___ "yadi mRta jIvita ho sakatA hai to zilAkhaNDa para Ama bhI uga sakatA hai|" deva ne uttara diyA- "mujhe vajramUrkha kA khitAba dene vAle bhadrapuruSa! kyA tuma bhI vahI mUrkhatA nahIM kara rahe ho jo maiM kara rahA huuN|" kaisI mUrkhatA?" balarAma bole-"tuma kise mRta kaha rahe ho? mere bhAI ko? maiM tumhArA vadha kara ddaaluuNgaa|" pAkara unheM Azcarya huaa| gRhadvAra meM praveza karate hI unhoMne patnI se pUchA- "hamAre putra kahAM haiM?" "yahIM to khela rahe the abhI!" patnI ne uttara diyA- "abhI A jAeMge!" "lekina mujhe bhUkha lagI hai|" dharmaguru bole- "unake binA maiM bhojana kaise karUMgA?" "Apa bhojana kara liijie|" patrI ne bhojana kI thAlI pati ko dete hue kahA"ve to abhI-abhI bhojana karake nikale haiN| aba ve bhojana nahIM kreNge|" "Azcarya hai!" dharmaguru ne kahA- "Aja unhoMne mujhase pahale hI bhojana kara liyaa| kahakara ve bhojana karane lge|" . ____ pati kA bhojana lagabhaga parisamApti para thaa| patnI ne eka yukti nikaalii| bolI- "pichale dinoM maiM par3osina se unake AbhUSaNa mAMga kara lAI thii| kaho to usake AbhUSaNa lauTA duuN|" "yaha bhI kucha pUchane jaisI bAta hai?" dharmaguru bole- "AbhUSaNa usake haiN| unheM lauTAnA hI hai| avazya lauTA do|" "lekina ve atisundara aura bahumUlya haiN|" patnI bolI- "merA mana unase baMdha gayA hai| jI nahIM cAhatA hai ki lauTA duuN| rakha lUM to bhaviSya meM 'kAma' aaeNge|" apanI tattvajJA patnI ko parAe AbhUSaNoM meM mohAsakta dekhakara dharmaguru ko bar3A kaSTa aura Azcarya huaa| bole"jo parAe haiM, unheM lauTA dene meM tumheM vilamba nahIM karanA caahie| aura jinheM lauTAnA thA una para itanI Asakti apane hRdaya meM utpanna hI kyoM hone dI? mUrkha mata bno| Asakti chor3o aura jisake ye AbhUSaNa haiM use lauTA do|" patnI bolI- "deva! Apake kathana meM pUrNa satya hai| jo vastu jisakI hai, use lauTAte hue hameM kheda nahIM karanA caahie| merI Apase bhI yahI prArthanA hai ki Apa bhI zoka mata kiijie| hamAre putra apane ghara lauTa gae haiN| Izvara ne unheM bhejA thaa| aba punaH usane apane pAsa bulA liyA hai|" eka kSaNa ke lie dharmaguru kI AMkhoM ke samakSa dharatI ghUma gii| azrubaMdha ttuuttaa| putroM ke zavoM se lipaTa kara bilakha pdd'e| lekina patnI kI yukti ne jo bhUmikA bAMdhI thI, usane unheM putroM ke sAtha miTa jAne se bacA liyaa| yaha thI eka patnI kI yukti- jisane eka pati ko mohavijayI hone meM sahAyatA dii| 00 jana {f bidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 2580

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_ "mRta nahIM to kyA jIvita hai tumhArA bhAI?' deva ne sumadhura svara se kahA- "mere abhinna mitra! moha kI kArA se svataMtra banakara soco ki tumhAre bhAI ne chaH mAha se na bhojana khAyA hai aura na jala pIyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, usane sAMsa taka nahIM liyA hai| jo na khAe, na pIe aura na hI zvAsa le, vaha jIvita kaise ho sakatA hai? pratibuddha bano mere mitra! deha ke sAtha mRtyu kA sambandha akhaNDa hai| vigata kA zoka tyAgo / Agata ke prati sAvadhAna bno|" mitra deva kI yukti saphala ho gii| balarAma eka bAra punaH jI bhara kara roe| tatpazcAt bhAI ke zava kA agni-saMskAra karake Atma-sAdhanA karane ke lie vanoM meM cale ge| OOO moha se sambandhita ye kathAyeM mohagrasta vyaktiyoM kI pIr3A ko abhivyakta kara rahI haiN| prazna hai- pIr3A kA mUla kAraNa kyA hai? jaina aura vaidika dharmazAstra pIr3A kA kAraNa moha ko mAnate haiN| sagara cakravartI, balarAma Adi ke kathAnaka isI tathya ko iMgita karate haiN| - jaina sAhitya se avatarita sagara cakravartI kA kathAnakasATha hajAra putroM kI eka hI dina meM huI mRtyu ne sagara ke mohasikta hRdaya ko hAhAkAra se bhara diyaa| SaTkhaNDa kA vizAla sAmrAjya unheM zUla-sA pratIta hone lgaa| vRddha brAhmaNa kI yukti ne sagara kA moha khaNDita kiyaa| mohazilA ke khaNDita hote hI mokSa ke paramAnanda kI madhurasalilA mahAgaMgA unake hRdaya-tala para avatarita ho gii| -vaidika paramparA ke kathAnaka meM deva kI yukti ne balarAma jI ke moha ko tor3A to ve AtmakalyANArtha vana ko prasthita ho ge| -bauddha kathA- gautamI kA moha bhagavAna buddha kI yukti se khaNDita huaa| vaha bodhi kI pyAsa se bhara gii| saMbodhi upalabdha kara siddha huii| -pArasI paramparA ke dharmaguru ke moha-bhaMga kI yukti nikAlI unakI dharmapatnI ne| vibhinna dharma-saMskRtiyoM se bahI yahI samAna svarasaritA dharma kI akhaNDa ekAtmakatA kI paricAyikA hai| . A NS.59

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bAla-sAdhaka gara(sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) virakti kA AdhAra vaya-vizeSa nahIM, apitu antarika viveka va samIcIna jJAna kA prabhAvI honA hai| isa sambandha meM vaidika va jaina paramparA kI pRthak-pRthak mAnyatA kyA hai-isa para vicAra karanA prAsaMgika hogaa| vaidika paramparA meM mUlataH Azrama-vyavasthA svIkRta thI, ataH gRhastha kI sthiti se vyakti 50 varSa kI Ayu ke bAda hI pravrajita va saMnyasta ho pAAtA thaa| kintu bAda meM bhAratIya manISiyoM ne ukta niyama ke apavAdasvarUpa kisI bhI vaya meM pravrajyA yA saMnyAsa lene kI anumati dii| prasiddha zaMkarAcArya ne to 8 varSa kI Ayu meM pravrajyA dhAraNa kara lI thii| jAbAlopaniSad meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai: brahmacaryAdava pravrajed gRhAd vA vanAd vaa| yadahare va virajed tadahare va pravrajet // (jAbAlopa. 4) - jisa dina virakti jAgRta ho jAe, usI dina pravrajita yA saMnyasta ho jAnA caahie| isalie vyakti brahmacaryAzrama se, yA gRhastha Azrama se yA vAnaprastha Azrama se, jaba bhI vairAgya jAge, pravrajyA grahaNa kre| eka nItikAra ne isI prasaMga meM apanI TippaNI kI thInave vayasi yaH zAntaH, sa zAnta iti me matiH / dhAtuSu kSIyamANeSu, zamaH kasya na jaayte|| (subhaassitrtnbhaannddaagaar)| jana dharga pAM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA, '2600 0

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- arthAt laghu vaya meM hI jo virakta ho, vahI vAstava meM virakta hai - aisA merA vicAra hai| (vRddhAvasthA meM jaba) dhAtu kSINa ho cukane para to kise virakti nahIM hotI? jJAna kA sahaja pariNAma tyAga hai / jJAnabhAva meM tyAga pradarzana ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| tyAga kiyA nahIM jAtA hai, vaha to ghaTita hotA hai / niSkAmatA - virakti, jJAna ke sahaja pariNAma meM haiM / ajJAnI ko hI kAma-krodha- moha pIr3ita karate haiM / jJAnI ko nahIM / ajJAnI vaha hai jo paratva meM svatva kA darzana karatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA sampUrNa tyAga jJAnadhAra para avalambita hai| jJAna ko pramukhatA pradAna karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA " NANaM taiyaM cakkhU / " jJAna tRtIya netra hai| tRtIya netra khulate hI kAma, krodha, mamatva svataH naSTa ho jAte haiM / vaidika mAnyatAnusAra ziva ke tRtIya netra udghATita hote hI upadravI kAmadeva bhasma ho gayA thaa| paDhiye! bAla kathAnakoM ko jinameM bAlyAvasthA meM jJAna ke prakaTa hone aura vairAgya patha para bar3hane kA adbhuta citraNa hai| [1] bAlamuni atimukta (jaina) magadha deza ke antargata polAsapura nAma kA eka nagara thA / vahAM para vijaya rAjA kA rAjya thA / unakI rAnI kA nAma zrIdevI thA / unake eka putra thA, jisakA nAma atimukta kumAra thA / atimukta kumAra mAtApitA aura prajA ko atipriya thA / vaha bahuta medhAvI thA / eka dina apane bAlasakhAoM ke saMga atimukta kumAra rAjasI bAlodyAna meM khela rahA thaa| bAlakoM ke lie khela atipriya hotA hai| khela meM ve bhUkha-pyAsa aura mAtA-pitA taka ko bhUla jAte haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra polAsapura ke bAhya bhAga meM virAjita the| bhagavAn ke pramukha ziSya indrabhUti gautama bhikSA ke lie polAsapura meM dvitIya khaNDa 261

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pdhaare| ve bAlodyAna ke nikaTa se jA rahe the| sahasA atimukta kumAra kI dRSTi gautama svAmI para pdd'ii| usakI dRSTi gautama svAmI se cipaka kara raha gii| khela chUTa gayA / vaha daur3akara aayaa| usane gautama svAmI kA mArga rokate hue pUchA-" Apa kauna haiM aura kahAM jA rahe haiM?" "maiM zramaNa huuN|" gautama svAmI bole- "aura bhikSA ke lie nagara meM jA rahA huuN|" "nagara meM Apa kisake ghara jAeMge bhikSA ke lie?" . "ghara nizcita nahIM hai| jahAM bhI kalpya AhAra milegA, grahaNa kruuNgaa|" "Apa mere ghara clie| maiM bhI Apako bhojana duuNgaa|" gautama svAmI bAlamana mana kI bhakti ko dekha rahe the| atimukta kumAra ne gautama svAmI kI aMgulI ko apane nanhe hAtha meM pakar3A aura apane ghara kI ora cala diyaa| zrIdevI rAjamahala ke jharokhe se nagara kI zobhA dekha rahI thii| usakI dRSTi gautama svAmI aura apane putra para pdd'ii| unakA tana-badana prasannatA-pUrNa romAJca se khila utthaa| usane apane bhAgya ko sarAhA- Aja kA dina kitane ahobhAgya kA dina hai! merA putra dharma jahAja gautama svAmI ko lekara A rahA hai| ucca bhAvoM se zrIdevI ne gautama svAmI ko AhAra diyA / gautama svAmI lauTane lge| atimukta ne punaH unakA mArga rokate hue kahA-"Apa kahAM jA rahe haiM?" ___ "zrIvana upavana meM mere guru mahAvIra Thahare haiN| maiM unhIM ke pAsa jA rahA huuN|" _ "kyA maiM bhI unake pAsa cala sakatA hUM?'atimukta ne apanI icchA prakaTa kii| "kyoM nahIM! avshy|" gautama svAmI bole| gautama ke saMga atimukta bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa phuNcaa| mahAvIra ko dekhate hI usa kore bAla mana para mahAvIra aMkita ho gaekabhI na miTane ke lie| prabhu kI kI vANI zravaNa kara atimukta ne unhIM kA ho jAne kA nirNaya kara liyaa| usane kahA- "deva! maiM apane mAtA-pitA se pUcha kara ApakA ziSya bnuuNgaa|' jana garga e dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 262)>

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atimukta ghara lauTA / usane mahAvIra kA ziSya banane kA apanA nirNaya apane mAtA-pitA ko sunA diyaa| putra kI bAta sunakara zrIdevI hNsii| bolI-"beTe! tuma abhI kyA jAno ki sAdhutva kyA hotA hai?" _ "jise maiM jAnatA hUM, use nahIM jAnatA huuN| aura jise nahIM jAnatA hUM, use jAnatA huuN| use hI jAnane ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ziSya bnuuNgaa|' kumAra ne khaa| putra kI dArzanika bAta kA artha mAtA-pitA samajha nahIM paae| unhoMne putra se apanI bAta spaSTa karane ke lie khaa| atimukta bolA "pUjya mAtA-pitA! maiM yaha jAnatA hUM ki jo janmA hai use eka dina maranA hai| lekina kaba aura kahAM maranA hai, yaha nahIM jAnatA huuN| maiM yaha nahIM jAnatA hUM ki kina karmoM ke kAraNa manuSya ko kauna-sI gati milatI hai parantu yaha jAnatA hUM ki manuSya ko usake karmAnusAra hI gati prApta hotI hai|" atimukta kI bAtoM ne mAtA-pitA ko Azcarya meM DAla meM diyaa|putr ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke samakSa mAtA-pitA ko jhukanA par3A / mAtA-pitA kI antima icchA ki unakA putra eka dina ke lie rAjA bana jAe,ko atimuktane svIkAra kara liyaa| atimukta dUsare dina rAjA bnaa| siMhAsana para baiTha kara atimukta ne sarvaprathama Adeza jArI kiyA ki usakI dIkSA kI taiyArI kI jaae| antataH aSTavarSIya atimuktakumAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya bana ge| eka dina kucha sthavira muniyoM ke sAtha atimukta muni bAhara ge| barasAta huI thii| jaMgala meM talahaTiyoM meM pAnI baha rahA thaa| atimukta muni ne pAnI para miTTI se pAla bAMdha kara pAnI roka diyA aura usameM apanA kASThapAtra tairA diyaa| kASThapAtra ko jala kI sataha para tairate hue dekhakara atimukta kA bAlamana cahakate hue gA uThA nAva tire, merI nAva tire! sthavira muniyoM ne atimukta muni ko yoM khelate hue dekhaa| muni-maryAdA kA yoM atikramaNa dekhakara unake mana vyAkula ho ge| unhoMne vicAra kiyA- bhagavAn mahAvIra sarvajJa hokara bhI ziSya-moha meM nanhe-nanhe bAlakoM ko muni banA lete haiN| sthavira muni atimukta liyarasAda 263

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ko chor3akara apane sthAna ko lauTa aae| muniyoM ko lauTA jAnakara atimukta bhI apane pAtra ko saMbhAlakara lauTa aae| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sthavira muniyoM ke hRdaya kI bAta jAnakara unako sambodhita karate hue kahA- "muniyoM! atimukta muni nisaMdeha deha se bAlaka hai, lekina vaha munitva ke AcAra kA pAlane vAlA hai| vaha caramazarIrI hai| isI bhava meM mokSa jAne vAlA hai| Apane eka carama-zarIrI sAdhaka kI avinaya kI hai| Apako usakI bhakti karanI caahie|" "aura suno! vaha jala, jisameM atimukta muni ne kASThapAtra tairAyA thA, acitta (nirjIva) thA / tapta bhUmi para girakara jala nirjIva ho cukA thaa| isa bAta ko jAnakara hI atimukta ne apanI nAva usa para tairAI thii|" bhagavAn kI bAta sunakara sthavira muniyoM ne apanI bhUla sudhaarii| atimukta niraticAra saMyama pAlakara anta meM siddha-buddha-mukta hue| [antakRt mUtra se] [2] ghuva bhakta (vaidika) manu ke do putra the-priyavrata evaM uttAnapAda / mahArAja uttAnapAda kI do rAniyAM thIM-sunIti ke putra kA nAma dhruva rakhA gayA aura suruci ke putra kA nAma uttm| mahArAja uttAnapAda apanI choTI rAnI surUci se atyadhika prema rakhate the| pariNAmataH uttama ko bhI pitA kA prema dhruva kI tulanA meM adhika milaa| eka dina mahArAja uttAnapAda surUci ke putra uttama kumAra ko goda meM lie baiThe the| ve usase pyAra kara rahe the| paJcavarSIya dhruva khelate hue pitA ke pAsa pahuMce aura unakI goda meM baiThane ke lie macalane lge| dhruva kI vimAtA surUci ne dhruva kA mArga rokate hue IrSyA aura garva se kahA- "isa goda meM baiThane kA adhikArI kevala merA putra hai| isa goda meM baiThane kI yadi itanI utkaTa icchA thI to mere garbha se janma lenA thaa| jaina dharga evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA /2641

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isa durlabha adhikAra ke lie mata lalacAo, dhruva! bhagavAn ko prArthanA se prasanna karo aura mere garbha se janma lo| tabhI isa goda meM baiThane kA saubhAgya sukha tumheM mila sakatA hai|" vimAtA ke kar3e zabdoM ne dhruva ke bAla hRdaya para gaharI coTa kii| ve duHkhI ho ge| rote hue apanI mAtA sunIti ke pAsa pahuMce aura vimAtA ke kahe hue zabda btaae| putra kI bAta sunakara sunIti ko bhI bar3A kaSTa haa| vaha bolI-"beTA! yaha mere durbhAgya kA phala tumheM bhoganA par3a rahA hai| maiM hatabhAgA hUM jise tumhAre pitA apanI patnI mAnate hue bhI saMkoca karate haiN| lekina duHkhI mata ho putra! apane kaSTa kA kAraNa manuSya svayaM hotA hai, apane bhAgya se hI vaha sukha-duHkha pAtA hai| kisI anya ko apane amaMgala kA kAraNa mAnakara usa para roSa nahIM karanA caahie|" ___ "dhruva! kyA huA tuma pitA ke goda meM nahIM baiTha paae|us goda meM baiThane se tumheM surUci roka sakatI hai lekina eka goda aura hai| vaha goda hai paramapitA kii| isa paramapitA kI goda meM baiThane se koI nahIM roka sktaa| parama saubhAgyazAliyoM ko vaha goda upalabdha hotI hai|" _ "mAM! ve paramapitA kauna haiM?" dhruva ne pUchA-"aura ve kahAM mileMge?" "bhagavAna viSNu parama pitA haiN|" sunIti bolI- "ve tapasyA se prApta hote haiN| nirmala mana se jo unakI ekAnta vana meM ArAdhanA karatA hai, ve use avazya prApta hote haiN|" "mAM! maiM una paramapitA ko avazya prApta kruuNgaa|" dhruva ne dRr3hatA se kahA-"maiM ekAnta vana meM usa paramapitA kI ArAdhanA karane ke lie jA rahA huuN|" __ mAtA kI AjJA lekara dhruva vana meM cale ge| mArga meM unheM nArada jI ke darzana hue| nAdara jI ne paMcavarSIya bAlaka dhruva ko bhaya aura lAlaca dikhAkara parIkSA lii| dhruva kA dRDhanizcaya dekhakara nAradajI ne unheM dvAdazAkSara maMtra kI dIkSA pradAna karate hue tapavidhi kA upadeza diyaa| dRr3hanizcayI bAlaka dhruva ne yamunAtaTa para madhuvana meM ghora tapa prAraMbha kara diyaa| kaI mAha bIta ge| eka paira para dhyAnastha dhruva jaba paira badalate to dharatI kaMpAyamAna ho jAtI / prANAyAma se unheM zvAsa roka liyaa| dvitIya taNDa/265

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unake aisA karane se indrAdi deva vicalita ho utthe| bhavagAn viSNu kA Asana Dola gyaa| ve tatkAla apane bhakta ko darzana dene ke lie madhuvana meM pdhaare| dhruva ke kapoloM ko zaMkha se chUkara bhagavAn viSNu ne unakA dhyAna bhaMga kiyaa| dhruva ne AMkheM kholiiN| bhagavAn ko sAkSAt dekha kara unake harSa kA pArAvAra na rhaa| ve bhagavAn ke zrI caraNoM meM sASTAMga leTa ge| "dhruva! tumhArI avicala bhakti aura tapa se maiM prasanna huuN|" bhagavAn bole-"hama tumheM varadAna dete haiM ki tuma dIrgha kAla taka sampUrNa pRthvI kA rAjya bhogoge|" "mujhe rAjya kI kAmanA nahIM hai|" dhruva ne uttara diyaa| "hama tumheM sarvazaktisampanna hone kA varadAna dete haiN| bhagavAna bole|" "nahIM prabhu! mujhe zakti nahIM caahie|" "to tumheM kyA cAhie? mAMgo? jo mAMgoge vahI prApta hogaa|" "maiM Apako mAMgatA huuN|'dhruv bhakta ne dRr3hatA se khaa| dhruva kI dRr3ha bhakti, niSkAma anurAga se prasanna hokara bhagavAn viSNu ne usa nanhe bAlaka ko apanI goda meM uThA liyA / paramapitA paramAtmA kI goda meM baiThakara bAlaka dhruva AhlAdita ho utthe| unheM unakA dhyeya prApta ho cukA thaa| [draSTavyaH bhAgavata purANa, 4/8-9 adhyAya] 000 [3] thAvAputra (jaina) dvArikA nagarI meM thAva_ nAma kI eka seThAnI rahatI thii| usakA eka putra thaa| thAvA seThAnI kA putra hone se sabhI use thAva_putra kahakara pukArate the| ___ bAlyakAla meM hI thAva_putra bar3A buddhimAn aura tArkika thaa| vaha pratyeka viSaya ko gaharAI se samajhatA thaa| usakI mAtA usakI adhyApikA thii| jaina dharga evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/266)

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eka bAra apane mahala kI chata para thAvarcAputra khela rahA thA / par3osa ke ghara se use madhura gIta sunAI die / ve gIta thAvarcAputra ko itane madhura lage ki vaha khela ko bhUla gayA aura madhura gItoM me kho gayA / usake kAnoM meM amRta rasa Tapaka rahA thA / putra ke pairoM meM baMdhe ghuMgharUoM kI AvAja banda hone se thAvarcA seThAnI samajha gaI ki usakA putra khela nahIM rahA hai| usane AvAja dI- "beTe ! khelanA banda kyoM kara diyA hai ? Ao nIce, bhojana taiyAra hai / " thAvarcAputra nIce AyA aura bolA - " mAM ! mujhe khela se adhika ye gIta madhura laga rahe haiN| maiM bhojana nahIM kruuNgaa| pahale maiM ina gItoM ko sunUMgA / " kahate hue thAvarcAputra daur3ate hue punaH chata para car3ha gayA / lekina isa bAra vaha eka kSaNa bhI vahAM Thahara na sakA / ve gIta aba usake lie asahanIya ho gae the / udAsamanA vaha nIce utara AyA / apanI mAM kI goda meM baiThakara usane kahA- "mAM! ve gIta jo canda pala pahale mujhe atyanta priya laga rahe the, aba ve itane karNakaTu kyoM ho gae haiM? mAM ! mujhe ina gItoM kA rahasya batAo / " ve thAvarcA seThAnI ne kahA - " beTe ! jo tuma pahale suna rahe the, gIta the / parantu jo tumane bAda meM sune, ve gIta nahIM rodana haiM / gIta madhura hote haiM aura kAnoM ko bhAte haiM / rodana cUMki andara ke duHkha ke paricAyaka hote haiM isalie apriya lagate haiM / " "lekina mAM! yaha gIta aura rodana eka sAtha kaise ?" thAvarcAputra ne pUchA - "eka pala pahale madhura gIta gAe jA rahe the aura kucha pala bAda ro zurU ho gyaa| aisA kyoM huA?" thAvarcA ne kahA-"beTe ! hamAre par3osI ke ghara putra * paidA huA thA / usI khuzI meM pArivArika mahilAeM maMgala gIta gA rahI thiiN| ve tumheM priya laga rahe the| lekina canda zvAsa lekara hI vaha putra mara gyaa| marane para rone kI rIta hai / usa putra ke mara jAne para hamAre par3osI ro rahe haiN|" "mAM! janma kyA hotA hai? mRtyu kyA hotI hai?" yAvarcAputra gaMbhIra ho gayA / dvitIya khaNDa : 267

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thAva, seThAnI bolI- "beTe! AtmA kA deha dhAraNa karanA janma hai aura isa zarIra ko chor3akara cale jAnA mRtyu hai|" "mAM! kyA sabhI ko eka dina avazya maranA hai?" "hAM, beTe! mRtyu sunizcita hai| eka dina sabhI ko maranA hai|" "kyA maiM bhI marUMgA?" putra ke prazna ne mAtRhRdaya ko hilA DAlA | thAvarcA seThAnI ne putra ke mukha para hAtha dharate hue kahA - "tuma kyoM maro! mareM tumhAre zatru!" "to maiM amara hUM, mAM! maiM kabhI nahIM marUMgA?" putra ne mAM ko ulajhA liyaa| tattvajJA seThAnI putra ko asatya zikSA na de paaii| usane spaSTa zabdoM meM kaha diyA -"hAM, beTe! eka dina tumheM bhI maranA hogaa|" thAva_putra kA bAla Anana gaMbhIratA ke sAgara meM DUba gyaa| usane kahA - "mAM! mujhe mRtyu apriya hai| kyA koI bhI aisA nahIM hai, jo mRtyu se merI rakSA kara sake?" "hai beTe!" "thAvA bolI - "bhagavAn ariSTanemI haiM jo amaratA kA mUlamaMtra jAnate haiN| jo unakI zaraNa meM pahuMca jAtA hai, vaha mRtyu ko sadA-sadA ke lie mAra detA hai|" "to maiM unhIM kI zaraNa meM jaauuNgaa|" thAva putra bolA-"maiM bhI mRtyu ko mArakara amRta kA pAna kruuNgaa|" bhagavAn ariSTanemi dvArikA nagarI meM padhAre / thAvAputra dIkSA lene ko tatpara huaa| svayaM zrI kRSNa ne use saMsAra se bAMdhe rakhane ke lie aneka pralobhana die / parantu amaratA kA khojI-thAva putra kisI bhI lobha ke samakSa nahIM jhukA / usane zrIkRSNa ke tIna khaNDa ke rAjya ko ThukarA diyaa| thAvAputra meM amRta kI khoja kI isa utkaNThA se aneka loga prabhAvita hue| eka hajAra puruSoM ne thAvarcAputra ke sAtha saMyama grahaNa kiyaa| mahAn tapa karake usane mRtyu ko mAra ddaalaa| vaha ananta-ananta ke lie amara ho gyaa| 00 na ki dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 2680

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[4] naciketA (vaidika) vAjazravA nAma ke brAhmaNa the| unake (vaidika) pitA kA nAma ArUNI thA / nAnA vastuoM, dhana-dhAnya Adi kA dAna karanA unakA svabhAva thaa| apane samaya ke ve prasiddha dAnavIra the| samaya-samaya para yajJa kiyA karate aura prabhUta dAna diyA krte| unakA eka putra thA- naciketA / vaha bar3A honahAra bAlaka thA |yoN to bacapana kI vizeSatA hI hotI hai-jijJAsA, paraMtu naciketA ke svabhAva meM jijJAsA vizeSa rUpa se thii| vaha aise-aise prazna kiyA karatA, jinakI AzA kisI sAdhAraNa bAlaka se nahIM kI jA sakatI thii| pitA vAjazravA apanI dAnavIratA ke lie vikhyAta the to putra naciketA apanI gahana jijJAsA ke lie| eka bAra vAjazravA ne eka vizAla yajJa kiyaa| yajJa meM bhAga lene ke lie dUra-dUra se RSiyoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA gyaa| yajJa saMmpanna hone para vAjavA ne apanI udAratA kA paricaya dete hue apanA samasta dhana dAna meM de ddaalaa| unake pAsa jitanI gAeM thIM, ve bhI saba unhoMne dAna kara diiN| cAroM ora unake dAna kI prazaMsA hone lgii| saMyoga se usI samaya vahAM naciketA bhI upasthita thaa| eka brAhmaNa ne jaba vAjazravA ko pRthvI kA sabase bar3A dAnI kahA to naciketA se rahA nahIM gyaa| usane apane pitA se pUchA, "pitAzrI! dAna to apanI sabase priya vastuoM kA diyA jAtA hai| maiM Apako sabase priya huuN| mujhe dAna kie binA Apa pRthvI ke sabase bar3e dAnI nahIM ho skte| mujhe Apa kisako dAna deMge?' vAjazravA ne naciketA kI bAta para dhyAna nahIM diyaa| usake prazna kA uttara dene kI AvazyakatA bhI unhoMne anubhava nahIM kii| socAbaccA hai! kisa samaya kyA pUchanA aura kahanA cAhie, isakA jJAna ise nahIM haiN| naciketA ne pitA ko apane prazna kI upekSA karate dekhA to apane usI prazna ko phira se dohraayaa| isa bAra bhI vAjazravA ne dhyAna nahIM diyaa| naciketA bAra-bAra usI prazra ko pUchane lgaa| spaSTa thA ki vaha apanA uttara pAe binA cupa nahIM hone vaalaa| dizIrA sA 269

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apane dAna kI prazaMsA sunane meM dattacitta vAjazravA bAra-bAra ke isa apriya hastakSepa se khIjha uThe / jhallAkara unhoMne kahA, 'jA! maiMne tujhe mRtyu ko diyA !" yaha sunakara naciketA bhayabhIta nahIM huA / bAlasulabha utsAha ke sAtha usane yama ke pAsa jAne ke lie svayaM ko prastuta kara diyA / eka ora usake mana meM yaha saMtoSa thA ki usane apane pitA kI pRthvI kA sabase bar3A dAnavIra banane meM sahAyatA kI tathA dUsarI ora yaha ullAsa thA ki use mRtyu ke devatA yama ke darzana karane kA avasara bhI sahajatA se mila gyaa| mRtyu se saMbaMdhita praznoM kA uttara mRtyu ke devatA se adhika adhikAra ke sAtha aura kauna de sakatA hai? naciketA ne socA aura dogune utsAha se usakA mana bhara gayA / naciketA yamaloka phuNcaa| patA lagA ki yamarAja kahIM bAhara hue haiN| vaha vahIM unake lauTane kI pratIkSA karane lgaa| tIna dina bIta / vaha dhairya se unakI pratIkSA karatA rhaa| tIna dina ke bAda yamarAja lautte| dekhA ki eka brAhmaNa-putra unakI pratIkSA kara rahA hai| tIna dina se isane kucha khAyA-pIyA bhI nahIM hai / yamarAja kA mana bAlaka ke prati karuNA se bhara utthaa| unhoMne naciketA se tIna dina taka kaSTa sahane ke badale tIna vara mAMgane ke lie kahA / 'pahalA vara maiM yaha mAMgatA hUM ki maiM jaba yahAM se vApisa jAUM to mere pitA mujha para krodha na kreN| ve mujha para vAtsalya kI varSA usI prakAra kareM, jisa prakAra pahale kiyA karate the / ' 'tathAstu!' yamarAja ne prasanna hokara kahA / naciketA ne dUsare vara ke rUpa meM agni kA svarUpa jAnane kI tIvra icchA prakaTa kI / yamarAja ne use yaha vara bhI pradAna kiyA / ani kA svarUpa evaM rahasya svayaM use smjhaayaa| tIsarA vara mAMgate hue naciketA ne kahA, 'kRpA kara mujhe janma, mRtyu aura brahma kA rahasya bhI samajhAie ! yahI merA tIsarA vara hai / ' yaha sunakara yamarAja cakita raha ge| eka bAlaka tIna dina se bhUkhA-pyAsA hai / apane ghara se dUra hai / phira bhI khAne-pIne ke lie kucha jaina dharma eva vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA / 270

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nahIM cAhatA / vaha cAhatA hai, jise RSi-muni laMbI-laMbI tapasyAeM karane ke bAda bhI sadaiva prApta nahIM kara pAte! Azcarya hai! yamarAja ne bAlaka ko saMsAra kI sabase svAdiSTa khAdya padArtha dene kA prastAva rkhaa| naciketA ne vaha tatkAla asvIkAra kara diyaa| yamarAja ne anya sukha-suvidhAoM va saMpattiyoM ko mAMga lene ke lie kahA, paraMtu naciketA isake lie bhI taiyAra nahIM huaa| yamarAja ne samasta vaibhava dene ke lie kahA paraMtu naciketA ne vaha prastAva bhI ThukarA diyaa| vaha janma, mRtyu evaM brahma arthAt AtmA kA gUDha jJAna hI prApta karane para aDiga rhaa| aMtataH yama ko vaha jJAna denA pdd'aa| naciketA ne bacapana meM hI usa parama satya kA jJAna pA liyA jisake lie kaThora tapa sAdhanAeM kI jAtI haiN| ___* yamarAja, jinase sArA saMsAra thara-thara kAMpatA hai, eka bAlaka kI jijJAsA se parAjita ho gae the| OOO prastuta sabhI kathAnaka bAla sAdhakoM para AdhRta haiN| vairAgya kI ghaTanA Ayu kI sImAoM se nirbandha hotI hai| yaha ghaTanA kabhI-kabhI bAlyAvasthA meM bhI ghaTita ho jAtI haiM to kAmabhogaparAyaNa bharI javAnI meM bhI vyakti virakta hokara sarvasva tyAga kara detA hai| saMsAra ke svAda se aparicita jaba koI bAlaka parama svAda-vairAgya ke svAda ko pahacAna letA hai to yaha jagat Azcaryacakita ho use dekhatA raha jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM atimukta va thAva putra aura vaidika paramparA meM dhruva va naciketA- ye cAra aise caritra haiM jahAM vairAgya bAlyAvasthA meM ghaTita huA thaa| cAroM hI caritra atiAzcaryakArI haiN| aSTavarSIya atimukta kumAra gautama svAmI ko dekhakara Anandavibhora hue the aura phira bhagavAna mahAvIra kI caraNaraja prApta karake ve ananta-ananta ke lie unhIM ke hokara raha gae the| mAtA ke pratibodha diye jAne para dhruva bhI bAlyAvasthA meM virakta dvitIya taNDa/271

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ho gae the / yAvacaputra ko laukika ghaTanA se virakti huI aura ve amRtatva kI prApti meM agrasara ho ge| sabhI bAlasAdhaka apanI-apanI paramparA ke viziSTa aura lokapriya vyaktitva haiM / adbhuta bAta yaha hai ki atimukta mAtra 8 varSa kA hai, aura dhruva 5 varSa kA hI / thAvarcAputra va naciketA bhI bahuta choTI Ayu ke haiN| prazna hai - itanI choTI Ayu meM unhoMne jJAna prApta kaise kara liyA ? pUrvajanma kI sAdhanA ke saMskAra lekara Ae ina bAlakoM ko jaba vairAgya kA koI nimitta milA to unakA jJAna jAgRta ho gayA / gautama svAmI kA nimitta pAkara atimukta kA, aura mAtA kA nimitta pAkara dhruva ko vairAgya jAgRta huA / laukika ghaTanA kA nimitta pAkara thAvarcAputra ko vairAgya jAgRta ho gayA thA / naciketA ko to janmajAta jijJAsA thI jisase sAMsArika viSayoM kI apekSA parama rahasyoM ko jAnane kI rUci adhika thii| cAroM ko pralobhana diyA gayA / atimukta ko rAjya kA, tathA dhruva ko nArada va svayaM viSNu dvArA pralobhana diyA gayA, isI taraha thAvarcAputra ko zrIkRSNa ne aura naciketA ko yamarAja ne pralobhana die parantu ve sabhI aDola rhe| pariNAmataH, cAroM apaneapane lakSya ko prApta karane meM saphala rahe / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 272)

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guvAvAdhA aura vairAgya (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) vairAgya dvAra hai- parama zreSTha jIvana kA / paramAtmA kA / bhrAntaklAnta AtmA parama zAnti ko upalabdha hotI hai vairAgya ke kSaNa meN| usa kSaNa meM ve vyAmoha-AkarSaNa, jo jana- sAdhAraNa ko vyAmohita-AkarSita karate haiM, niHsattva-sArahIna aura nIrasa ho jAte haiN| parama ke svAda kA AkarSaNa AtmA ke kaNa-kaNa meM jAgRta hotA hai| 'kAma' nIrasa ho jAtA hai| niSkAmatA kA Ananda-varSaNa hone lagatA hai| duniyAvI vaibhava uthale pratIta hone lagate haiM Atma-vaibhava kI gaharAI kI isa upalabdhi para / bhaTakAva kA anta ho jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika yAtrA zurU hotI hai| isIlie AcArya zaMkara kahate haiM- mokSasya hetuH prathamaM nigadyate, vairAgyamatyantamanityavastuSu (viveka cUr3AmaNi, 71) / arthAt anitya vastuoM ke prati atyanta virakti honA- yaha mokSa kA prathama hetu hai, sAdhana hai- pahalI sIDhI hai| upaniSad ke RSi ne bhI mokSa-prApti kA kAraNa batAte hue kahA hai: yadA sarve pramucyante, kAmA ye'sya hRdi sthitaaH| atha mo'mRto bhavati, atra brahma smshnute|| (bRhadA. upa. 4/4/7) arthAt manuSya jaba hRdaya-sthita samasta kAmanAeM chor3a detA hai, tabhI vaha 'amRtatva' ko prApta hokara brahma kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| dvitIya khaNDa/273

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virakti kA prAdurbhAva hote hI vyakti kA mokSa ke prati utkaTa anurAga prakaTa ho jAtA hai| sAMsArika vaibhava use niHsAra hI nahIM, kaTupariNAma dene vAle pratIta hote haiN| isa utkaTa icchA ke kAraNa, vyakti turanta samasta sAMsArika bandhanoM ko tor3akara ekAkI Atma-kalyANa ke mArga para agrasara ho jAtA hai, isameM vaha eka pala kI bhI derI nahIM karanA caahtaa| isI prasaMga meM mahAbhArata kA vacana hai- adyaiva kuru yacchreyaH, mA tvAM kAlo'tyagAn mahAn (mahAbhArata- 12/159/1) arthAt jo kucha kalyANa karanA ho, Aja hI kara lo, samaya vyartha na gNvaao| isI dRSTi se upaniSad kA parAmarza hai ki jisa dina virakti jAge, usI dina (tatkAla) gharabAra chor3akara saMnyAsa le lenA cAhie- yadahareva virajeda, tadahareva pravrajet (jAbAlopaniSada, 4) / vairAgya parama ghaTanA hai| ananta atIta meM yaha ghaTanA kevala eka hI bAra Atma-tala para ghaTita hotI hai| usa kSaNa meM AtmA ke lie paramAtmA hI ekamAtra lakSya zeSa bacatA hai| zeSa lakSya kho jAte haiN| tRtIya cakSu khula jAtA hai / sAra aura niHsAra kI parIkSA kA viveka upalabdha ho jAtA hai| virakta vyakti meM hue vaicArika parivartana kA jinavANI meM isa prakAra varNana hai savvaM vilaviyaM gIyaM, savvaM narse viddNbiyN| sabve AbharaNA bhArA, sabve kAmA duhaavhaa|| (uttarA. 13/16) -isa saMsAra ke sabhI gIta vilApa svarUpa haiN| sabhI nRtya viDaMbanA svarUpa haiN| sabhI AbhUSaNa bhAra svarUpa haiM tathA sabhI kAma dukhadAyI haiM (aisA virakta vyakti kA cintana hotA hai)| utkaTa virakti jaba jAga uThatI hai, taba tatkAla pravrajita hone kI bhAvanA bhI banatI hai| isa bhAvanA ko kinhIM virakta pAtroM ke mAdhyama se jaina Agama meM isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA gayA haiajeva dhamma paDivajjayAmo, jahiM pavaNNA Na punnbbhvaamo| (uttarA. sU. 14/28) arthAt hama Aja hI dharma kI zaraNa meM jAeMge tAki punaH saMsAra meM janma na lenA pdd'e| saMsAra ke svarUpa ko atyanta nikaTa se anubhava karane vAle janArga evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/274 - 0

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viraktacitta bhartRhari ne vairAgya kI mahimA kA sundara citra khIMcate hue kahA thAbhoge rogabhayaM kule cyutibhayaM vitte nRpAlAd bhayam, mAne dainyabhayaM bale ripubhayaM rUpe jarAyA bhayam / zAstre vAdibhayaM guNe khalabhayaM kAye kRtAntAd bhayam, sarvaM vastu bhayAnvitaM bhuvi nRNAM vairAgyamevAbhayam // (vairAgyazataka, 31) - bhoga meM roga kA bhaya hai, kula meM AcArabhraSTatA kA bhaya hai, dhana meM rAjA kA bhaya hai, abhimAna meM dInatA kA bhaya hai, sAmarthya meM zatru bhaya hai, saundarya meM vRddhAvasthA kA bhaya hai, zAstrajJAna meM tarkazIla vivAdI kA bhaya hai, guNa meM duSTa kA bhaya hai aura zarIra meM yamarAja kA bhaya hai / isa saMsAra meM sabhI vastueM bhayayukta haiM, vairAgya hI abhaya hai / jaba koI vyakti jJAna ko upalabdha ho jAtA hai taba usameM virakti kA bhAva jAgRta hotA hai| jJAna aura kAma viparIta dhruva haiN| donoM kA astitva eka sAtha nahIM ho sktaa| kAma hai jJAna kA abhAva / jJAnasUrya ke udaya hote hI hRdaya se kAma kA andhakAra vilIna ho jAtA hai / dAdU jI kI bhASA meM jahAM rAma tahAM kAma nahIM, kAma jahAM nahIM rAma / dAdU mahala bArIka hai, dUje ko nahIM ThAma // zukadeva, jambUsvAmI- ina donoM kathAnakoM ko yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai jinameM eka sAMjhA upadeza sannihita hai ki vairAgya-sAdhanA hetu koI vaya-vizeSa niyata nahIM hotA / jaba hI antarjyoti jAgRta hotI hai, virakti kA dvAra udghATita ho jAtA hai| [1] jambU svAmI (jaina) rAjagRha nagara meM RSabhadatta nAma ke eka seTha rahate the / unakI patnI kA nAma dhAriNI thA / unake eka putra thA jisakA nAma jambUkumAra thA / jambUkumAra sarvaguNasampanna aura yogya thA / yauvanAvasthA meM ATha bar3e seThoM ne apanI-apanI kanyAoM kA sambandha jambUkumAra se taya kara diyA / dvitIya khaNDa/ 275

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unhIM dinoM pAMcaveM gaNadhara Arya sudharmA svAmI rAjagRha nagara meM pdhaare| jambUkumAra unakA upadeza sunane ge| jinavANI kA acUka prabhAva jambUkumAra para huaa| unheM saMsAra khArA aura saMyama pyArA lagane lgaa| unhoMne mana hI mana saMyama lene kA dRr3ha saMkalpa le liyaa| jambUkumAra ghara lautte| unhoMne mAtA-pitA ko apane hRdaya kI bAta khii| mAtA-pitA ko sahasA kAnoM para vizvAsa na huaa| unhoMne putra ko smjhaayaa| saMyama kI durUhatA kA darzana sunaayaa| jinheM saMyama kI lagana laga jAtI hai, chUTatI nahIM hai| mAtA-pitA jambUkumAra ke tarkoM ke samakSa parAjita ho ge| . RSabhadatta ne AThoM sambandhita-seThoM ke bulAkara unheM apane putra ke muni-dIkSA ke bhAva btaae| seThoM ne bhI jambUkumAra ko samajhAnemanAne kA bahuta prayAsa kiyaa| parantu saba viphala rhaa| AThoM kanyAoM ko bhI ghaTanA jJAta huii| unhoMne paraspara nirNaya karake kahA hamane jambUkumAra ko apanA pati mAnA hai| eka bAra hamArA unase vivAha ho jAe to hama unake virakta hRdaya meM rAga kA saMsAra bhara deNgii| yadi aisA na kara sakI to unhIM kA anugamana karake saMyama dhAraNa kara leNgii| jambUkumAra para sabhI ora se dabAva par3e to unhoMne eka dina ke lie vivAha kI svIkRti de dii| unhoMne kahA- dUsare dina maiM saMyama dhAraNa kara luuNgaa| ATha koTIzvara seThoM kI kanyAoM ke sAtha jambUkumAra kA vivAha sampanna ho gyaa| daheja meM vipula dravya aayaa| suhAgarAta kI velA meM AThoM aniMdya sundarI patniyoM ne jambUkumAra ko ghera liyaa| unake vairAgya kA raMga utArane ke lie AThoM ne apane prayAsa zurU kara diye / vyaMgyoM dvArA, madhura manuhAroM dvArA aura vibhinna mudrAoM dvArA ve jambUkumAra ke hRdaya meM svayaM ke prati AkarSaNa utpanna karane lgiiN| usa yuga kA eka nAmI cora thA-prabhava / vaha pAMca sau coroM kA saradAra thaa| use do vidyAeM AtI thIM-avasvApinI tathA taalodghaattinii| pahalI vidyA se jahAM sabhI ko nidrAdhIna kiyA jA sakatA thA, vahIM dUsarI vidyA se tAle khole jA sakate the| prabhava ko sUcanA milI ki RSabhadatta ke 'jona dharma padika dharga kI sAskRtika ekatA /2762

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yahAM bhArI dhana AyA hai| usane sAthiyoM ke sAtha usa dhana ko curAne ke lie prasthAna kara diyaa| usane avasvApinI vidyA se pUre nagara ko sulA diyaa| usane behicaka RSabhadatta seTha ke ghara meM praveza kiyaa| coroM ne dhana kI gaThariyAM bAMdhanI zurU kara dii| prabhava kI dRSTi suhAga kakSa para pdd'ii| usane dekhA ki eka dhyAnastha yuvaka ko ATha sundara kanyAeM rijhAne kA asaphala prayAsa kara rahI haiN| use Azcarya huA ki usakI avasvApinI vidyA yahAM niSprabhAvI ho gii| vaha tatkAla mudd'aa| sAthiyoM se bolA- "tatkAla dhana lekara clo|" lekina Azcarya! pAMca sau hI coroM ke paira jahAM ke tahAM cipaka ge| prabhava ko lagA ki avazya hI isa dhyAnastha yuvaka ne mere sAthiyoM ke paira bAMdha die haiN| AThoM zreSThI-kanyAoM ne eka-eka udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se jambUkumAra ko samajhAnA caahaa|lekin jambUkumAra ne una AThoM ke udAharaNoM kA khaNDana karake aura ATha hI dRSThAntoM se apane pakSa kA maNDana karake unake hRdayoM meM bhI virakti ke bIja bo die| AThoM ne apanI hAra svIkAra kara lii| bhoga aura yoga ke isa dvandva meM bhoga parAjita ho gayA / yoga ko jaya milii| niSkAmacetA jambUkumAra ne kAma-vAsanA se saMtapta hRdayoM meM sAdhanA kI umaMga jagA dii| "rUpa aura dhana prabhUta mAtrA meM pAkara bhI yaha yuvaka anAsakta hai| isakA artha hai ki rUpa aura dhana ke atirikta bhI kucha bar3A hai jise pAkara yaha saba vyartha ho jAtA hai| prabhava aisA socate hue prArthita svara meM jambU se bole- "kumAra! hamAre aparAdha ko kSamA karo aura hameM bhI usa parama rUpa aura paramadhana se paricita karAo jise pAkara yaha paudagalika rUpa aura dhana niHsAra ho jAtA hai|" jambU ne coroM ko saMyama kA marma smjhaayaa| pAMca sau hI cora virakta ho ge| dUsare dina jaMbUkumAra, unake mAtA pitA, AThoM patniyoM, unake mAtAoM-pitAoM, pAMca sau coroM tathA prabhava-yoM pAMca sau aTThAIsa bhavyAtmAoM ne saMyama grahaNa kiyaa| kAma-vijetA jambU na kevala svayaM, apita hajAroM bhavyAtmAoM ke lie kalyANa kA dvAra siddha huaa| [kalpasUtra kI kalpadumakalikA vyAkhyA se] ziNIya khaNDa/277

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[2] zukadeva muni (vaidika) zukadeva janmataH jJAnI the / ve maharSi vedavyAsa ke putra the / unake bAre meM anuzruti hai ki apane pUrva bhava meM ve zuka the| eka bAra ve ur3ate hue zivaloka meM pahuMca ge| vahAM bhagavAn zaMkara mAtA pArvatI ko bhagavAn kI lIlAoM kA varNana sunA rahe the / kathA sunate-sunate mAtA pArvatI itanI tanmaya ho gaIM ki ve AtmavismRta ho gii| kathA meM bAdhA na par3e- isalie ve (zuka) huMkRti dene lage / kathA kI samApti para zaMkara jI ko yaha jJAta huA to ve ruSTa | ataH zuka ko punarjanma lenA par3A / zuka ne maharSi vyAsa kI patnI ke udara se janma dhAraNa kiyA / zukadeva bAraha varSa taka mAtA ke garbha meM rhe| apanI yogazakti se ve itane laghukAya bane rahe ki unakI mAtA ko koI kaSTa nahIM huA / ' garbhastha zukadeva jI kA vicAra thA ki jaba taka jIva garbha meM rahatA hai, taba taka usakA jJAna prakAzita rahatA hai| garbha se bAhara Ate hI mAyA use mohita kara detI hai / usakA jJAna vismRta ho jAtA hai aura vaha sAMsArika viSayoM meM Asakta hokara ananta saMsAra-sAgara meM DUba jAtA hai| 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sambandha meM bhI aisI hI ghaTanA hai| bhagavAn garbhAvasthA meM hI viziSTa jJAnI the| arthAt unheM mati, zruta aura avadhijJAna thaa| jaba garbha kA sAtavAM mahinA bItA cukA, taba eka dina bhagavAn ne socA- mere halana calana se mAtA ko kaSTa hotA hai / ata: unhoMne garbha meM hilanA-DulanA kataI banda kara diyaa| acAnaka garbha kA hilanA-DulanA banda hone se mAtA trizalA amaGgala kI kalpanA se zokasAgara meM DUba gii| unheM lagA ki kahIM garbha meM bAlaka kI mRtyu to nahIM ho gaI? dhIre-dhIre vaha khabara sAre rAja-kuTumba meM phaila gii| sabhI yaha bAta sunasuna kara duHkhI hone lage / bhagavAn ne yaha saba apane jJAna se dekhA aura socA- 'mAtA-pitA kI santAnaviSayaka mamatA bar3I prabala hotI hai| maiMne to mAM ke sukha ke lie hI halana calana banda kara diyA thA parantu usakA pariNAma viparIta hI huaa|' mAtA-pitA ke isa snehabhAva ko dekhakara bhagavAn ne aMga-saMcAlana kiyA aura sAtha meM yaha pratijJA kI ki- 'jaba taka mAtA-pitA jIvita raheMge, taba taka maiM pravrajyA nahIM kruuNgaa|' ( - sampAdaka) jana dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 278

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maharSi vyAsa ne apane putra se garbha se bAhara Ane kI aneka bAra prArthanA kii| lekina zukadeva bAhara nahIM aae| purANoM ke anusAra antataH svayaM zrI kRSNa ne pragaTa hokara zukadeva jI ko janma ke pazcAt mAyA se vimukta rahane kA varadAna diyaa| bhagavAn kA varadAna pAkara zukadeva jI saMtuSTa ho ge| ve garbha se bAhara A ge| janma lete hI zukadeva yuvA ho ge| ve eka pala ke lie bhI vahAM rUke nhiiN| ve vana meM tapasyA karane ke lie cale ge| maharSi vyAsa ne unheM lauTAne kA bahuta prayatna kiyaa| lekina jisake hRdaya meM jJAna kI lau jaga jAtI hai aura bhagavannAma kI pyAsa jaga jAtI hai, phira use koI nahIM lauTA sktaa| zukadeva jaMgaloM meM ekAkI vicaraNa karate hue bhagavada-bhajana meM lIna rahane lge| vyAsa jI kA pitRhRdaya putradarzana ke lie vyAkula rahatA thaa| ve jAnate the ki unakA putra parama bhagavadbhakta hai| moha ke svara use AkarSita nahIM kara skte| bhagavannAma hI usake lie AkarSaNa kA kendra hai| usI ke dvArA use khojA jA sakatA hai| vyAsa jI ne apane ziSyoM ko eka zloka, jisameM bhagavAn ke svarUpa kA manohara varNana thA, kaNThastha karAyA aura unheM nirdeza diyA ki ve jaMgala meM ghUmate hue isa zloka kA ucca svara se gAna kiyA kreN| vyAsa jI ke ziSya ukta thoka kA gAna karate hue jaMgala meM ghUmane lge| eka dina zukadeva ke kAna meM usa zloka ke svara pdd'e| ve usa thoka para mugdha ho uThe aura vyAsa jI ke ziSyoM ke pAsa A ge| ziSya zukadeva ko vyAsa jI ke pAsa le ge| vyAsa jI ne zukadeva ko zrImad bhAgavata kA adhyayana kraayaa| guru ke binA jJAna adhUrA rahatA hai| isI bAta ko lakSya meM rakhate hue zukadeva pitA kI AjJA lekara janaka ko guru banAne cala die| ve mithilA nagarI phuNce| rAjadarabAra ke dvAra para eka paharedAra ne unheM roka diyA aura unakA apamAna kiyaa| apamAna se zukadeva kheda-khinna nahIM hue aura vahIM zAntabhAva se tallIna bane khar3e rhe| kucha dera bAda dUsare dvArapAla ne Akara zukadeva kI prazastiyAM kI aura atIva zraddhAbhAva se unheM mahala meM le ge| eka sajjita-suvidhApUrNa kakSa meM unheM ThaharA diyA gyaa| mAna ke kSaNa meM bhI zAntacitta zukadeva Atmacintana meM rata rhe| dvitIya khaNDa/279

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kucha samaya pazcAt pacAsa aniMdya sundarI bAlAeM unake pAsa aaiiN| unake citta meM caMcalatA jagAne ke lie ve unheM mahala ke sAtha hI saTe pramadAvana nAmaka sundara udyAna meM le giiN| ve bAlAeM nAca-gAna aura hAvabhAva ke pradarzana meM nipuNa thiiN| unhoMne apane samasta prayAsa kie zukadeva meM kAmAsakti jagAne ke, lekina ve asaphala rhiiN| zukadeva aba bhI Atmacintana meM tanmaya the| mahArAjA janaka zukadeva kI parIkSA le cuke the| ve zukadeva ke pAsa Ae aura bole- "zukadeva! tuma to janmajAta brahmajJAnI ho| tuma guruoM ke guru ho| tuma to mujhe guru banAkara merA mAna bar3hAne Ae ho|" janaka ne zukadeva kI prArthanA para unheM adhyAtmavidyA kA jJAna pradAna kiyaa| zukadeva ne tapa karake paramadhAma prApta kiyaa| muni zukadeva kI eka aura prasiddha ghaTanA batAI jAtI hai| eka bAra, mArga ke kinAre eka kamala sarovara meM kucha devAMganAeM snAna kara rahI thiiN| muni zukadeva udhara se gujare, kintu devAMganA kucha bhI saMkoca nahIM karate hue apanI jalakrIDA meM saMlagna rhiiN| unake jAne ke bAda, maharSi vyAsa bhI udhara se gujre| maharSi vyAsa ko udhara se Ate dekhakara ve jalAzaya se bAhara nikalIM aura apane vastra pahanane lgiiN| nikaTa pahuMcakara maharSi vyAsa ne una devAMganAoM se kahA- "deviyoM! merA yuvA putra zukadeva nagnAvasthA meM abhI kucha kSaNa pahale hI idhara se gujarA hai| usase to tumane lajjA nahIM kii| aura mujha vRddha RSi ko dekhakara tuma lajjAzIla ho utthiiN| kyoM?" deviyoM ne uttara diyA- "RSivara! ApakA putra bhale hI yuvA aura nagna thA para usakI AMkhoM meM kAma kA koI bhAva na thaa| use to strI aura puruSa meM bheda hI jJAta nahIM hai| isalie usakA yahAM se gujaranA hameM jJAta hI nahIM huaa| aura Apa bhale hI vRddha aura jJAnI RSi haiM, para ApakI AMkhoM meM aba bhI strI aura puruSa kA bheda zeSa hai| Apake Agamana ne hameM pahale hI sAvadhAna kara diyA thaa|" vyAsa jI putra kI niHspRhatA se paricita hue| unheM lauTa pAnA unheM asaMbhava pratIta huaa| ve svayaM apane Azrama meM lauTa aae| 000 janajAdika if kI sAskRtika kaa| 261

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mAnava-jIvana kI 3 kramika avasthAeM haiM- bAlya, yuvA aura vRddha / bAlya avasthA abodha hotI hai, vahAM tAttvika vivecanA aura parAmarza-cintana prAyaH nahIM ho paataa| vRddhAvasthA azakta hai| indriyAM zithila ho jAtI haiM, zarIra kSINa ho jAtA hai, taba tapazcaryA jaisI kaThora sAdhanA prAyaH sambhava nahIM ho paatii| mAtra yuvAvasthA hI vaha avasthA hai jisameM mAnava laukika- paralaukika sAdhanA kara sakatA hai| adhikAMza loga- sAMsArika ruci rakhane vAle logayuvAvasthA ke lie kahate haiMaiza kara duniyA kI gAphila phira ye jindagI khaaN| jindagI gara rahI to phira ye naujavAnI khaaN|| kintu isa avasthA meM jinheM viveka yA sajjJAna prApta ho jAtA hai, unakA cintana sukha-bhoga ke lie nahIM, apitu AtmakalyANa ke lie hotA hai|aatmaa ko chor3akara sabhI bhautika padArthoM kA, yahAM taka ki apane zarIra kI anityatA, nazvaratA kA, unheM dRDha bhAna ho jAtA hai aura ve ina sAMsArika nazvara kAmabhogoM kI apekSA anazvara-zAzvata Ananda kI prApti hetu tapa, saMyama, dhyAna kI ArAdhanA meM turanta pravRtta ho jAte haiN| yuvAvasthA meM rahate hue hI virakti kA prAdurbhAva kisI puNyodaya se hI hotA hai aura prAyaH durlabha bhii| uparyukta kathAnakoM meM aise mahAn puNyAtmAoM kA jIvana-carita hai jinhoMne yuvAvasthA meM hI saMsAra-bhogoM ko tyAga kara AtmakalyANa ke mArga ko apnaayaa| jaina aura vaidika sAhitya se uddhRta uparyukta do kathAnakoM meM isI satya ko svIkRti milI hai ki vairAgyasAdhanA ke lie kisI niyata vaya kI anivAryatA nahIM hai| zikIya taNDa, 281

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samyagjJAna athavA viveka kA jaba bhI prAdurbhAva hotA hai, tabhI virakti ke aMkura phUTa par3ate haiN| vaidika paramparA ke vizruta jJAnI zukadeva pUrva janma meM gRhIta jJAna ke pariNAma svarUpa 'kAma' se achUte rhe| saMsAra meM janma lekara bhI, ve AjIvana virakta rhe| unakI niHspRhatA bhare yauvana meM bhI akSuNNa rhii| yahI kAraNa thA ki nAriyAM unheM dekhakara saMkoca yA bhaya se unmukta rahatI thiiN| kamala-sarovara meM snAna karatI devabAlAoM ko yuvA zukadeva kA udhara se gujaranA saMkocI na banA skaa| ___ jaina paramparA meM bhI jambU svAmI jaise AcArya hue haiM, jinheM bharI javAnI evaM kAmabhoga ke upalabdha viziSTa sAdhana virakti se roka na ske| zukadeva aura jambU svAmI ke kathAnaka isa tathya ko pRSTa karate haiM ki yuvAvasthA bhI virakti meM bAdhA nahIM banatI, aura virakti kisI bhI vaya meM utpanna ho sakatI hai| jaina dharma evaM caidika dharga kI sAMskRtika ekatA/282)> C

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3tapa kA ahaMkAra - (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) - ahaMkAra patana kA kAraNa hai| ahaMkAra tapasviyoM ke tapa, jJAniyoM ke jJAna aura dhyAniyoM ke dhyAna ke rasa ko pI jAtA hai| vaha unnati ke maga kI dIvAra hai, parantu avanati ke bhaga kA dvAra hai| ahaMkAra hI vaha mUla bAdhaka tattva hai jo Atmatala para paramAtmatA ke phUla vikasita nahIM hone detA hai| jaina, vaidika tathA anyAnya sabhI dharmagranthoM meM tapa kI mahattA kA mukhara gAna huA hai, lekina tapa meM ahaM ko tapa kI garimA kA zoSaka kahA gayA hai| tapa bhI eka agni hai aura ahaMkAra bhI eka agni hai| tapa kI agni saMcita karma samUha ko naSTa karatI hai| lekina yadi usa tapa ke sAthasAtha ahaMkAra calatA hai to vaha tapa ko jalAtA rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tapa niSphala ho jAtA hai| AtmA paramAtmatva ko upalabdha nahIM ho paatii| nara nArAyaNa se nahIM mila paataa| donoM ke madhya ahaMkAra dIvAra bana jAtA hai| dAdU dayAla ne hRdaya rUpI mahala ko atyanta bArIka batAte hue kahA thA ki usameM paramAtmA aura ahaMkAra eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate haiM jahAM rAma tahAM maiM nahIM, maiM tahAM nahIM raam| dAdU mahala bArIka hai, dvai ko nAM hI tthaam|| ahaMkAra tapa kA ajIrNa hai| vaha tapa ko jIrNa-naSTa kara detA hai| vinamratApUrvaka alpa tapa bhI bar3A zubha pariNAma detA hai|aatmaa meM paramAtmA aura nara meM nArAyaNa kA dvAra khola detA hai| 4 siIya gaNDa/283 >

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ahaMkAra ke duSpariNAmoM tathA usakI heyatA ko sabhI bhAratIya dhArmika vicAradhArAoM meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| vizeSatayA dhArmika sAdhanA meM to ahaMkAra sarvathA varjanIya hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra dhArmika vyakti ke lie abhimAna se rahita honA vizeSa rUpa se apekSita mAnA gayA hai: na stambhI na ca mAnI yo na pramatto na virimtH| mitrAmitrasamo maitraH, yaH sa dhrmviduttmH|| - (mahAbhArata- 13/129/55) vahI uttama dharmajJAtA hai jo jar3atA, abhimAna, pramAda va vismaya se rahita hai aura jo zatru va mitra ke prati samAna bhAva rakhatA hai| ___jaba vyakti ke ahaM para coTa par3atI hai to krodha kA Aveza bhI AtA hai| abhimAnI-ahaMkArI sAdhaka ko apanA apamAna sahana nahIM ho pAtA, to ve krodhAviSTa ho jAtA hai| kintu yaha krodha vyakti kI tapasyA ko niSprabhAvI kara detA hai| isalie maharSi vyAsa ne mahAbhArata meM kucha upayogI nirdeza die haiM:- nityaM krodhAt tapo rakSet (mahAbhArata, 12/189/10) / arthAt tapasyA ko krodha se hamezA bacAe rkhe| jaina paramparA meM bhI ukta vicAradhArA kA pUrNataH samarthana kiyA gayA hai| ahaMkAra kA udgama sthala ajJAna hai| isI bAta ko svIkAra karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA- bAlajaNo pgbbhii| (sUtrakRtAMga1/11/2) arthAt ajJAnI manuSya abhimAnI hotA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne kahA hai- maddavakaraNaM NANaM teNeva je madaM smuvhti| UNagabhAyaNasarisA agado vi visAyate tesiM (nizItha bhaassy6222)| arthAt yadyapi jJAna manuSya ko mRdu banAtA hai, kintu kucha manuSya usase bhI madoddhata hokara 'adhajalagagarI chalakata jAya' kI kahAvata ke anusAra apane Ape meM nahIM rhte| unheM amRta-svarUpa auSadhi bhI viSa kI taraha ghAtaka bana jAtI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- mANeNa ahamA gaI (uttarA. sU. 9/55) arthAt mAna/ahaMkAra ke pradarzana karane vAle kI adhogati avazyambhAvI hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- selathaMbhasamANaM mANaM aNapaviDhe jIve / kAlaM karei Nerayaiesu uvavajjati (sthAnAMga- 4/2) / arthAt patthara ke khambhe kI taraha jIvana meM na jhukane vAlA ahaMkAra AtmA jaina dharga sAdika dharga kI sAMskRtika ekatA /2840x

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ko narakagati kI ora le jAtA hai| vastutaH isa ahaMkAra ke mUla meM pUjApratiSThA pAne kI lAlasA kAma karatI hai| jaba pUjA-pratiSThA nahIM milatI to krodha kA saMcAra hone lagatA hai| isalie jinavANI ke sAdhaka ke lie yaha parAmarza diyA gayA hai- No pUyaNaM tavasA AvahejjA (suutrkRtaaNg-1/7/27)| arthAt tapa ke dvArA pUjA-pratiSThA kI cAha kabhI na kI jaay| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM isI kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai- no kittIvaNNasahasilogaTTayAe tavamahiTThijA (dazavai. 9/4/4) / arthAt kIrti, prazaMsA, guNagAna Adi ko pAne ke lie tapa na kre| usI Agama meM anyatra kahA gayA hai- attANaM na samukkase (dazavai. 8/30) arthAt sAdhaka apane ko UMcA yA sarvazreSTha siddha na kare / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM to spaSTa kahA gayA hai- icchijja... na tavappabhAvaM (uttarA. 32/104) arthAt, tapa ke prabhAva ko pradarzita karane kI icchA kabhI nahIM karanI caahie| bauddha paramparA ne bhI eka svara se ahaMkAra ko tapasyA kA bAdhaka va vinAzaka mAnA hai| dIghanikAya meM kahA gayA hai lAbhasakkArasilokena attAnakkaMseti paraM bmheti| ayaM pi kho nigrodha tapasvino upakkileso hoti|| (dIghanikAya-3/2/4) - jo sAdhaka lAbha, satkAra va prazaMsA hone para apane ko bar3A samajhane lagatA hai aura dUsaroM ko tuccha, he nigrodha! vaha tapasvI kA upakleza (manovikAramaya bandhana) hai| ahaMkAra rUpI sarpa coTa khAkara aura bhI adhika ugra rUpa meM bhar3akatA huA krodha rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai jo ahaMkAra se bhI adhika bhayaMkara pariNAma pradAna karatA hai| isalie bauddha sAhitya meM krodha-rahita ko hI 'tapasvI' batAyA gayA hai- tapassI akkodhano hoti, anupanAhI (dIghanikAya-3/2/5), arthAt tapasvI krodharahita va vairabhAvazUnya hotA hai| uparyukta vaicArika pRSThabhUmi meM jaina aura vaidika-donoM dhArAoM se eka-eka kathAnaka yahAM avatarita kiyA gayA hai| donoM kathAnakoM meM eka hI tathya ko samAna bhAva se kahA gayA hai ki tapa ke sAtha jaba taka ahaMkAra rahegA taba taka tapa prabhAva-hIna rhegaa| ahaM kI dIvAra TUTate hI jIvana-nabha para jJAna ke sUrya kA udaya hotA hai aura sAdhanA saphala ho jAtI hai| dvitIya taNDa/285

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[1] bAhubalI (jaina) jaina paramparA ke prathama tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva ke sau putra the| cakravartI bharata una ke sabase bar3e putra the| dvitIya putra kA nAma bAhubalI thaa| bAhubalI aparimita balazAlI the| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne dIkSA lene se pUrva rAjya ko sau bhAgoM meM bAMTa diyA aura apane sabhI putroM ko samAna uttarAdhikAra pradAna kiyaa| bharata ko ayodhyA kA rAjya milA aura bAhubalI ko bahalI pradeza kA / bharata ne sampUrNa bhUmaNDala ko eka zAsana-sUtra meM pirone ke lie digvijaya abhiyAna prAraMbha kiyaa| varSoM ke abhiyAna ke pazcAt vizva-vijaya karake bharata ayodhyA lautte| lekina abhI taka unakI AyudhazAlA meM sudarzana cakra praviSTa na huA thaa| isakA artha yaha thA ki abhI bhI kucha aise rAjA haiM jo bharata ko apanA svAmI nahIM mAnate haiN| vicAra karane para bharata kA dhyAna apane ninyAnaveM bhAiyoM para gyaa| unhoMne apane sabhI bhAiyoM ke pAsa unakI adhInatA svIkAra karane ke prastAva bheje / bAhubalI ke atirikta zeSa aThAnabe bhAI bharata se trasta ho uThe aura rAjya tyAga kara muni bana ge| bAhubalI na to muni bane aura na unhoMne bharata ko svAmI svIkAra kiyaa| bharata dvArA bhejI yuddha kI cunautI ko bAhubalI ne svIkAra kara liyaa| cakravartI bharata kI vizAla senA ne bahalI ke deza ko ghera liyaa| bAhubalI bhI apane vIra sainikoM ke sAtha raNAMgaNa meM upasthita hue| bhayAnaka narasaMhAra hone vAlA thaa| kucha buddhijIviyoM ne bharata aura bAhubalI ko salAha dI ki donoM bhAI paraspara bala-parIkSaNa kara leM, jo jItegA vaha svAmI hogA aura jo hAregA vaha adhInatA svIkAra kregaa| donoM ne isa salAha ko svIkAra kara liyaa| dhvaniyuddha, dRSTiyuddha, muSTiyuddha, bAhuyuddha tathA daNDayuddha- ye pAMca prakAra ke yuddha bharata aura bAhubalI ke madhya lar3e ge| pAMcoM meM hI bharata parAjita hue| isa parAjaya se bharata apanA bhAna bhUla baitthe| unhoMne bAhubalI kA vadha karane ke lie sudarzana cakra chor3a diyaa| sudarzana cakra jaina dharma evaM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/286

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apanoM kA vadha nahIM karatA ataH vaha bAhubalI kI pradakSiNA karake lauTa aayaa| lekina isa kRtya ne bAhubalI ke pracaNDa krodha ko bhar3akA diyaa| ve mukkA tAna kara bharata ko mArane ke lie daudd'e| sarvatra AtaMka phaila gyaa| devoM ne bIca bacAva karate hue bAhubalI se kahA- "mahAvIra! tuccha rAjya ke lie Apa apane bhAI kA vadha karane jA rahe haiN| Apa jaise prAmANika puruSa bhI jaba apane bar3e bhAI kA Adara na kareMge to sAdhAraNa janatA kI kyA dazA hogii|" bAhubalI rUka ge| unhoMne apanI tanI huI muTThI ko apane sira para lete hue paMcamuSTI luMcana kara DAlA aura muni bana ge| jaise hI ve bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pAsa jAne ko taiyAra hue to unheM vicAra AyA- "vahAM to mujhe pUrvadIkSita apane laghubhAiyoM ko vandanA karanI pdd'egii| maiM kevalajJAna prApta karake hI prabhu ke pAsa jAUMgA jisase vandanAdi mujhe na karane pdd'eN|" ahaM kI ciMgArI ko hRdaya meM chipAkara bAhubalI ne ghora tapa zurU kara diyaa| unhoMne praNa kara liyA ki jaba taka 'kevala jJAna' prApta nahIM hogA taba taka annajala to dUra, ve palaka taka na kholeNge| mahAn nizcaya karake bAhubalI khar3e ho ge| dinoM para dina aura mahInoM para mahIne atIta ho gae lekina unheM 'kevala jJAna' na huaa| unakA zarIra kRza ho gyaa| pakSiyoM ne unakI deha meM ghoMsale banA lie| prastara mUrti kI bhAMti ve aDola khar3e the| lekina bhItara sUkSma ahaM thaa| ve apane laghu bhrAtAoM ke samakSa jhukanA nahIM cAhate the| vaha sUkSma ahaM bAhubalI aura kaivalya ke madhya mahAn dIvAra bana gyaa| prabhu RSabhadeva ne brAhmI aura sundarI nAmaka sAdhviyoM ko AjJA pradAna kii| kahA- jAo! bAhubalI ko bodha pradAna kro| bhagavAn kI AjJA kA pAlana karate hue brAhmI aura sundarI bAhubalI ke pAsa phuNcii| unhoMne bAhubalI ko ahaMkAra ke hastI se nIce utarane ko khaa| bahina sAdhviyoM kI bAta sunakara bAhubalI cauNke| antataH bahanoM kI preraNA se unhoMne ahaM ko chor3a diyaa| unhoMne jyoMhI ahaMkAra ko chor3A, usI kSaNa kaivalya kA mahA Aloka unakI AtmA meM jagamagA utthaa| ahaM se zUnya tapa hI mahAna karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai, jabaki ahaM ke sAtha kiyA gayA mahAna tapa bhI sAdhaka ko sAdhya se dUra rakhatA hai| [triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita se] zizIya gaNDa 287

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[2] maharSi jAjalI vidika) jAjalI nAma ke eka RSi the| gaMgA nadI ke taTa para ve ghora tapa karate the| ugra tapa aura akampa samAdhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa unake ghuTanoM taka miTTI car3ha gaI thii| gauraiyyA pakSiyoM ne unakI jaTA-jUToM meM ghoMsale banA lie the| jaMgalI jAnavara unakI deha ko DhUMTha samajhakara apanI deha ko ragar3ate the| sudIrgha kAla taka jAjalI RSi samAdhi meM rhe| samAdhi kI sampUrti para unhoMne AMkheM kholiiN| kisI se samvata pUchA / ve jAnanA cAhate the ki unakI samAdhi kitane kAla taka akhaNDa rhii| samAdhi meM hI unhoMne hajAroM varSa bitA die- yaha jAnakara unake mana meM tapa kA ahaMkAra utpanna ho gyaa| unhoMne vicAra kiyA- mere jaisA tapasvI Aja taka na huA hogaa| maiMne sarvocca tapa kiyA hai| jAjalI RSi ko tapa ke mada meM DUbA dekhakara prakRti vicalita ho gii| usa kSaNa eka AkAzavANI huI- "jAjalI! tapa kA ahaMkAra mata kara! vArANasI nivAsI tulAdhAra vaNik tumase bar3A tapasvI hai taba bhI usane kabhI apane tapa kA ahaMkAra nahIM kiyaa|" AkAzavANI sunakara jAjalI RSi tulAdhAra vaNik ke darzana karane ke lie utkaSTita ho ge| mArga kA jJAna prApta karake ve vArANasI kI ora cala die| tIrthATana karate hue ve vArANasI phuNce| jAjalI tulAdhAra vaNik kI dukAna para phuNce| unhoMne dekhAtulAdhAra bar3e dhyAna se vyApAra meM tallIna hai| unakA dhyAna samAdhi ke dhyAna se kama tallIna na thaa| grAhaka ko bidAyagI dekara tulAdhAra ne AMkheM Upara kI / jAjalI RSi ko dekhakara ve uTha khar3e hue aura unakA svAgata karate hue bole- "padhArie maharSe! maiM Apake Agamana kI hI pratIkSA kara rahA thaa|" "mere Agamana kI? kyA Apa mujhe jAnate haiM?" jAjalI ne Azcaryamizrita svara se puuchaa| hAM maharSe!" tulAdhAra bole- "Apa mere hI pAsa Ae haiM yaha jAnane ke lie ki maiM Apa se bar3A tapasvI kaise huuN|" jana dharma eva sAdika dharma kI sAMsazakta kAtA 288

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" ApakA kathana akSarazaH satya hai / " jAjalI bole- "maiM nanA cAhatA hUM ki Apa mere bAre meM aura kyA jAnate haiM?" I "Apa dIrgha tapasvI haiM, kaThora saMyamI haiM / ApakI samAdhi yugoM taka aDola akaMpa rahI / ApakI deha para pakSiyoM ne ghoMsale banA lie| Apa samAdhi meM khokara kAla kA jJAna taka bhUla gae / " tulAdhAra bolate cale gae- " samAdhi kI parisamApti para jaba Apako kAla kA jJAna huA to Apako apane tapa kA ahaMkAra ho gayA ki mujhase bar3A tapasvI Aja taka nahIM huaa| taba AkAzavANI ne Apa ke vicAra ko khaNDita kara diyA aura Apa mere pAsa cale aae| kahie maiM ApakI kyA sevA karUM?" jAjalI RSi vismita netroM se tulAdhAra vaNik ko dekha rahe the / usake isa jJAna para ve vimohita ho uThe / bole- "Apako yaha nirmala jJAna kaise prApta huA?" "yaha tapa kA pariNAma hai / " tulAdhAra ne uttara diyA- "mere yatkiMcit tapa kA hI yaha pariNAma hai ki maiM bhUta aura bhaviSya meM jhAMkakara yatkiMcit jAna letA huuN|" " Apa kauna sA tapa karate haiM?" jAjalI ne bar3hate Azcarya se pUchA - "maiM Apake tapa ko hI jAnane ke lie Apake pAsa AyA huuN|" "maiM apane Azrama - gRhasthAzrama kI maryAdAoM kA pUrNa niSThA se pAlana karatA huuN|" tulAdhAra vaNik bole - " maiM manasA vAcA karmaNA kisI kA ahita nahIM karatA huuN| apane par3osiyoM se sadaiva acchA vyavahAra karatA huuN| pUrA taulatA huuN| usase arjita dhana se parivAra pAlana karatA hUM / kisI kI dharohara nahIM mAratA hUM / harI lakar3I nahIM kATatA huuN| kAlAnukAla hari kA bhajana - sumaraNa karatA huuN| yahI merA tapa hai| isI tapa ke pariNAma se mujhe yatkiMcit jJAna hai 1 "to merA hajAroM varSoM kA tapa vyartha gayA ?" jAjalI ne pUchA / "tapa vyartha nahIM jaataa|" tulAdhAra ne samAdhAna diyA- " tapa ko vyartha - naSTa karane vAlA ahaMkAra hai / maharSe! ahaMkAra hI vaha parama bAdhA hai jo sAdhaka ko kaThora tapa karane para bhI jJAna se dUra rakhatI hai| Apa kA tapa nizcita rUpa se atulya hai| sudIrgha aura kaThora hai| lekina usameM utpanna ahaM ko tor3ie / " tulAdhAra vaNik ne jAjalI RSi ko upadeza diyA / usa upadeza ko sunakara dvitIya khaNDa/ 289 "

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jAlI ko satya kA jJAna prApta ho gayA / unakA ahaM naSTa ho gyaa| sacce arthoM meM ve mahAtapasvI bana ge| [draSTavya mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, 261 adhyAya ] OOO vaidika paramparA ke RSi jAjali aura jaina paramparA ke bAhubali apanI-apanI paramparA ke anurUpa mahAn tapasvI the| donoM kI tapazcaryA bejor3a thI- isameM sandeha hiiN| lekina unakI yaha viziSTa tapazcaryA bhI kinhIM aMzoM meM apUrNa thI, isalie 'parama upalabdhi' se ve dUra rahe | kAraNa thA- unameM vidyamAna ahaMkAra kA leza | bAhubali meM to vaha sUkSma rUpa meM hI thA / kintu manovikAra yA kaSAya alpatama bhI ho, to bhI vaha sAdhanA kI pUrNatA meM bAdhaka hotA hI hai| brahmajJAna yA mukti ke bIca ahaMkAra eka dIvAra bana kara khar3A thA / jyoM hI unheM apanI apUrNatA kA kAraNa samajha meM AyA aura ahaMkAra pUrNataH kSINa huA, tabhI unheM apanA lakSya hastagata ho gyaa| saMta tulasIdAsa ne ThIka hI kahA hai kaMcana tajanA sahaja hai, sarala triyA kA neha / mAna, bar3AI, IrSyA, tulasI durlabha yeha // mAna-bar3AI, IrSyA ko chor3anA atyanta muzkila hai / inako chor3ane para hI mukti prApta ho sakatI hai- yaha nizcita hai / uparyukta donoM kathAnakoM se jaina va vaidika-ina donoM paramparAoM kI uparyukta tathya para sahamati yA ekasvaratA abhivyakta hotI hai| jana dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 290

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deha ko nahIM, AtmA ko dekho! (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) manuSya-jIvana atyanta durlabha hai| yadyapi AtmA to sabhI prANiyoM meM samAna hai, kintu yaha jo mAnava-deha milA hai, vaha saba prANiyoM meM viziSTa hai| deha se jur3I jJAnendriyAM va karmendriyAM aura mana kI jaisI viziSTa sampati mAnava ko milI haI hai, vaha anya prANiyoM ko nhiiN| deha bhautika hai, jar3a hai, vinazvara hai, kintu usameM rahane vAlI AtmA cetana hai, amUrta hai, avinAzI aura ujjvala jyoti svarUpa va cidAnandasvarUpa hai| bhAratIya AdhyAtmika saMskRti ke purodhA AcAryoM ne sAdhaka ko hamezA yaha dRSTi dI ki deha va AtmA ko pUrNataH bhinna smjho| ina donoM ko eka yA abhinna samajhanA hI 'ajJAna' hai jo sabhI duHkhoM kA janaka hai| deha kI apekSA AtmA ko pramukhatA denA, deha ko saMjAnesaMvArane kI apekSA, tapasyA se karma-mala haTA kara AtmA ko saMvAranA tathA use nirmala-zaddha-pavitra banAnA- yahI bhAratIya AdhyAtmika saMskRti kA maulika cintana hai| isa sambandha meM jaina va vaidika- donoM hI vicAradhArAoM kI samAnatA va ekasvaratA nirvivAda hai| isake samarthana meM donoM paramparAoM ke kucha zAstrIya uddharaNoM ko prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| vaidika paramparA meM deha, AtmA aura inake svarUpa va sambandhoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai-dehI nityamavadhyo'yaM dehe sarvasya bhArata (gItA- 2/30), arthAt sabhI prANiyoM ke deha meM jo dehI-deha dvitIya rANDa : 291

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kA adhiSThAtA (AtmA) hai, vaha sarvadA avadhya hai| isa deha va AtmA meM pUrNataH bhinnatA hai| kahA bhI hai- deho'hamiti yA buddhiH, avidyA sA prkiirtitaa| nAhaM dehazcidAtmeti buddhirvidyeti bhaNyate (adhyAtmarAmAyaNa, 4/33), arthAt maiM deha hUM- yaha jo buddhi hai, vaha avidyA hai, maiM deha se bhinna caitanya rUpa AtmA hUM- yaha buddhi 'vidyA' hai| AcArya zaMkara ke anusAra- dehasya mokSo no mokSo, na daNDasya kamaNDa loH| avidyAhRdayagranthimokSo mokSo yatastataH (vivekacUr3AmaNi, 559), arthAt deha mukta nahIM hotA, deha va AtmA kA bichur3anA bhI mokSa nahIM hai| daNDa-kamaNDala (jaise jar3a padArthoM) kA tyAga bhI mokSa nahIM hai| deha va AtmA ko abhinna samajhane kI jo avidyA hai, usa hRdaya-granthi kA khula jAnA, avidyA kA vinaSTa ho jAnA hI mokSa hai| isalie deha kA mahattva tuccha hai| sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai- 'aatm-tttv'| isIlie vaidika RSi kA udbodhana hai:- pazyatemamidaM jyotiramRtaM maryeSu (Rgveda- 6/9/4), arthAt maraNazIla nazvara zarIroM meM antaHsthita avinAzI caitanya rUpI amRtajyoti kA sAkSAtkAra kreN| yaha udbodhana una logoM ke lie jyAdA upayogI hai jo deha va AtmA ko abhinna samajha kara bhautika sukha meM Asakta ho rahe haiM aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se bhraSTa haiN| isI dRSTi se upaniSatkAra ne bhI Atma-tattva ko hI zravaNamanana-nididhyAsana kI paddhatiyoM se jAnane-samajhane aura usake zuddha svarUpa ke sAkSAtkAra karane kI preraNA dI hai- AtmA vADare draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH (bRhadA. upa. 2/4/5) / ukta AtmA-sambandhI tAttvika jJAna jinheM ho jAtA hai, ve sabhI prANiyoM ko eka samAna samajhate haiM, Atmavat samajha kara vyavahAra karate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM kula, jAti, vaibhava Adi kI dRSTi se koI vyakti choTA-baDA, mahAn yA tuccha nahIM hotaa| isI dRSTi se mahAbhArata meM aura anyatra 'jAti' Adi kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai- na vizeSo'sti varNAnAM sarvaM brAhmamidaM jagat (mahAbhArata, 12/ 181/10), arthAt varNagatabhedabhAva vAstavika nahIM hai, samasta jagat brahmamaya hai| maharSi nArada ke mata meM nAsti teSu jAti-vidyA-rUpa-kula-dhanakriyAdibhedaH (nAradabhaktisUtra, 72), arthAta sAdhakoM meM jAti, vidyA,rUpa, kula, vaibhava Adi ko lekara choTe-bar3e ke bheda kI dRSTi nahIM hotii| - jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharga kI sAMskRtika ekatA /292)><

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jaina paramparA meM bhI uparyukta vicAroM ko sabhI AcAryoM ne mAnya kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- anno jIvo annaM sarIraM (sUtrakR. 2/1/9), arthAt jIva aura usakA zarIra donoM pRthak-pRthak haiN| jaina Agama ke vyAkhyAkAra niyuktikAra kA kahanA hai- annaM imaM sarIraM anno jIvutti evaM kmbuddhii| dukkhaparikilesakaraM chiMda mamattaM sarIrAdo (Avazyaka-niyukti, 1547), arthAt zarIra aura AtmA dono eka dUsare se pRthak-pRthak haiM- isa tAttvika buddhi se sAdhaka duHkha-kleza ke pramukha kAraNa 'zArIrika mamatva' ko tyAga de| isa zarIra aura AtmA kA sambandha usI prakAra samajhanA cAhie jaise nAvika aura nAva kA hotA hai- sarIramAhu nAva tti, jIvo vuccai naavio| saMsAro aNNavo vratto jaM taraMti mahesiNo (uttarAdhyayana sU. 23/73), arthAta zarIra nAva hai to jIva nAvika hai| yaha saMsAra eka sAgara hai, jise maharSi pAra kara jAte haiN| jaise nAvika nAva ko calAtA hai, usakI akuzalatA se nAva samudra meM DUba bhI sakatI hai aura kuzalatA se vaha usa nAva ke sahAre samudra ko pAra bhI kara sakatA hai, usI taraha isa deha ke samyak prayoga se sAdhaka mukti prApta kara sakatA hai, anyathA bhavasAgara meM DUba sakatA hai| samasta jIvoM meM samAna rUpa se cidAnandamaya Atmajyoti virAjamAna hai, unameM koI choTe-bar3e kA bheda nahIM hai| jAti Adi kI sattA vAstavika nahIM hai, aupAdhika va karmakRta hai| jinavANI kA spaSTa udghoSa haisakkhaM khu dIsai tavoviseso, na dIsai jAi visesa kovi (uttarA. 12/ 37), arthAt tapa kI vizeSatA to sAkSAt dikhAI par3atI hai, jAtigata vizeSatA (bheda) nhiiN| bauddha paramparA bhI uparyukta samagra vicAradhArA kA samarthana karatI huI jAti-gata bheda ko svIkAra nahIM karatI- na jaccA brahmaNo hoti, na jaccA hoti abra hmnno| kammuNA bamhaNo hoti, kammunA hoti abrAmhaNo (suttanipAta, 35/57), arthAt koI janma se yA jAti se brAhmaNa yA abrAhmaNa nahIM hotA, karma se hI koI brAhmaNa yA abrAhmaNa hotA hai| uparyukta samagra bhAratIya vicAradhArA kA sAra yA niSkarSa yaha hai ki deha, jAti, kula Adi ke AdhAra para kisI ko choTA yA bar3A, zreSTha yA tuccha samajhanA asaMgata hai| pratyeka prANI meM antarnihita Atma-jyoti ko dvitIya ravagaDa/293

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dekhanA caahie| agara usakI AtmA kI jyoti pApakarmoM ke kAraNa dhUmila ho gaI to usa vyakti kI zreSThatA para kisI dRSTi se praznacinha ho sakatA hai| anyathA nhiiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki-daihika kurUpatA yA surUpatA athavA jAtIya nimnatA yA uccatA se manuSya kI zreSThatA yA azreSThatA nahIM baMdhI hai| usakI zreSThatA yA azreSThatA usake karma aura usakI AtmA para AdhArita hotI hai| manuSya janma se nahIM, karma se mahAn banatA hai| vaha deha se nahIM, AtmA se sundara banatA hai| yaha jagat bar3A vicitra hai| aneka bAra yahAM brAhmaNa-kula meM cANDAlakarmI utpanna ho jAte haiM aura sarvAMga-sundara dehoM meM atyanta kurUpa AtmAeM janma le letI haiN| aneka bAra isake viparIta ghaTatA hai| nimakula meM brAhmaNakarmI AtmAeM avatarita ho jAtI haiM tathA asundara-kurUpa dehoM meM bhavyAtmAeM janma le letI haiN| karma kI pavitratA aura AtmA kA saundarya hI mAnava ko mahAmAnava tathA nara ko nArAyaNa banAtA hai| [1] harikezabala muni (jaina) gaMgA nadI ke taTa para cANDAloM kI eka bastI thii| vahAM bala nAma kA eka cANDAla rahatA thaa| usakA eka putra thA jisakA nAma harikeza thaa| harikezabala kurUpa bAlaka thA / kurUpatA ke sAtha-sAtha usakA svabhAva bhI atikrodhI thaa| pariNAmataH saba usase ghRNA karate the| koI bhI usakA mitra na thaa| eka bAra cANDAla bastI meM koI utsava manAyA jA rahA thaa| pUrI cANDAla bastI eka parivAra meM badalakara Amoda-pramoda meM vyasta thii| bAlaka aura yuvaka khela meM tallIna the| aise meM akelA harikezI ekAnta meM khar3A unheM dekha rahA thaa| usakA hRdaya bhI bAlakoM ke sAtha khelane ke lie macala rahA thaa| lekina use koI bhI khela meM sammilita nahIM karanA cAhatA thaa| AtmahInatA se grasta, duHkhI, ruAMsA aura krodhita mudrA meM harikezabala D P jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharga kI sAMskRtika ekatA/294

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eka ora khar3A thaa| eka sarpa udhara A nikalA / vRddha aura yuvaka lAThiyAM lekara yaha kahate hue ki mAro isa jaharIle ko, sarpa para TUTa par3e aura mAra ddaalaa| kucha dera bAda dumuMha jAti kA eka aura sarpa udhara A gyaa| yuvaka use bhI mArane daudd'e| lekina vRddhajanoM ne yaha kahate hue ki yaha nirviSa hai kATegA nahIM, usakI rakSA kii| isa ghaTanA ne harikezabala ke mana meM cintana kA eka kSitija anAvRta kiyaa| use socA- jo viSailA hai vaha mArA jAtA hai jo viSailA nahIM hai, usase saba prema karate haiN| merI prakRti meM viSa bharA hai isIlie maiM upekSA kA pAtra banA hUM / merI upekSA kA dAyitva mujha para hai| merI prakRti para hai| isa prakAra ke manomanthana se amRta pragaTa huaa| vairAgya kA amRta / kaTutA ko AmUla naSTa karane kA sNklp| harikezabala muni bana ge| unhoMne kaThoratama tapa prAraMbha kara diyaa| unake tapa se prabhAvita eka yakSa unakI sevA meM rahane lgaa| eka bAra vArANasI nagarI ke bAhara eka upavana meM harikezabala muni dhyAnastha the| vArANasI kI rAjakumArI bhadrA upavana meM aaii| usakI dRSTi muni para pdd'ii| muni kI kurUpatA aura usake maile-kucaile vastra dekhakara rAjakumArI ne ghRNA se nAka-bhauM sikor3a lie tathA una para thUka diyaa| rAjakumArI kI manodazA samajhakara yakSa ne rAjaputrI ko aceta kara diyaa| usake mukha se rakta bahane lgaa| putrI kI dazA kI sUcanA pAkara rAjA daur3akara aayaa| usane muni se kSamA maaNgii| yakSa ne kahA- yadi tuma bhadrA kA vivAha muni se karo to yaha ThIka ho sakatI hai| rAjA ne svIkAra kara liyaa| yakSa ne bhadrA ko svastha kara diyaa| rAjA ne apanI putrI ko grahaNa karane kA nivedana muni se kiyaa| harikezabala muni ne kahA- "rAjan! maiM to brahmacArI muni huuN| maiM ApakI putrI ko grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa| yaha to merI bhaginI hai|' yaha kahakara muni anyatra vihAra kara gaye: bhadrA ko parityaktA mAnA gyaa| rAjA ne usakA vivAha rUdradatta purohita ke sAtha kara diyaa| rUdradatta evaM bhadrA gRhastha jIvana jIne lge| eka bAra punaH harikezabala muni kA vArANasI Agamana huaa| ve tapasvI the| eka mAha ke upavAsa ke pAraNe ke lie harikezabala muni dvitIya ravaNDa/295

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saMyoga se rUdradatta purohita kI yajJazAlA meM bhojana ke lie cale gae / yajJazAlA meM praviSTa hue kurUpa muni ko dekhakara brAhmaNa loga kupita ho gae / unhoMne muni ko gAliyAM diiN| dhakke dekara unheM vahAM se bhagAne lage / yakSa punaH prakaTa huA / usane brAhmaNoM ko aceta karake bhUmi para paTaka diyA | unake muMha se khUna bahane lgaa| rUdradatta aura bhadrA ko sUcanA milii| ve daur3akara aae| unhoMne muni se kSamA mAMgI / yakSa zAMta huaa| usane brAhmaNoM ko svastha kara diyA / bhadrA ne brAhmaNoM ko samajhAyA - yaha muni paramasamatAzIla aura tapasvI hai| muni se Takkara lenA parvata se sira TakarAne ke samAna hai| -mahimA jAnakara sabhI ne unheM apanA ArAdhya mAnA / atyAgraha para muni ne bhikSA lI aura brAhmaNoM ko upadeza diyA / cANDAla-kula meM utpanna harikezabala muni ne apanI sAdhana karake paramagati ko prApta kiyA / mUlya deha kA nahIM, dehI kA hai / dehI arthAt AtmA se jo pavitra ho gayA, vahI zreSTha hai, brAhmaNa hai, muni hai aura mokSamArga kA varaNa karane vAlA pUjanIya, arcanIya mahAsAdhaka hai| kurUpatA aura nimrakula bhI AtmalakSya kI prApti meM bAdhA nahIM banate haiM / dehadRSTi se Upara uThakara jo dehI ke svarUpa ko jAna letA hai vaha harikezabala kI taraha saMsAra - sAgara se taira jAtA hai |[ uttarAdhyayana sUtra Adi se ] [2] maharSi aSTAvakra (vaidika) maharSi aSTAvakra atyanta kurUpa aura Ter3he-mer3he zarIra vAle the| unakI vidvattA aura AtmasAdhanA ne unameM parama saundarya ko janma diyaa| usI parama saundarya ke pariNAma svarUpa sudUra atIta se vartamAna taka unakI carcAeM - arcAeM hotI rahI haiN| maharSi uddAlaka ke eka ziSya the- khodd'| kahor3a kI sevA, vinayazIlatA aura tattvarUci se prasanna hokara maharSi ne apanI putrI sujAtA jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 296

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kA vivAha usase kara diyaa| kahor3a aura sujAtA sukhapUrvaka jIvana-yApana karane lge| eka bAra kahor3a vedapATha kara rahe the| unake uccAraNa meM truTi thii| sujAtA pAsa meM baiThI thii| usake garbhastha zizu ne apane pitA ko TokAsahI-sahI vedapATha kro| garbhastha zizu kI bAta sunakara kahor3a ko Azcarya ke sAthasAtha bar3A krodha aayaa| usane ise apanA apamAna samajhA ki eka aisA bAlaka jisane abhI janma bhI nahIM liyA hai use sIkha de rahA hai| usane apanI patnI sujAtA ke udara para Thokara maarii| pariNAmataH udarastha zizu kI ardhapakka deha ATha sthAnoM se Ter3hI-mer3hI ho gii| putra-janma ke samaya sujAtA ne apane pati kahor3a ko dhana lAne ke lie mahArAjA janaka ke darabAra meM bhejaa| usa samaya darabAra meM eka vidvAn AyA huA thaa| usakA dAvA thA ki vaha saMsAra kA sarvocca vidvAn hai| use jo zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara degA, vaha usakA ziSyatva svIkAra kara legaa| lekina usase jo parAjita hogA, use kArAgRha meM DAlA jaaegaa| anekoM vidvAn kArAgRha meM banda ho cuke the| kahor3a ne bhI usa vidvAn se zAstrArtha kiyA aura parAjita ho ge| pariNAmasvarUpa unheM bhI kArAgRha meM DAla diyA gyaa| sujAtA se utpanna zizu kurUpa aura Ter3hA-mer3hA thaa| zArIrika saMracanA ke anusAra use aSTAvakra nAma se pukArA gyaa| aSTAvakra bAraha varSa ke hue| unheM jJAta huA ki unake pitA kArAgRha me banda haiN| ve vidvAn ko parAsta karane ke lie rAjA janaka ke darabAra meM phuNce| unake pahuMcate hI vahAM baiThe saikar3oM vidvAn unakI AkRti dekha kara jora se haMsa pdd'e| haMsane vAloM meM mahArAja janaka kI haMsI bhI sammilita thii| janaka ko bhI haMsate dekhakara bAlaka aSTAvakra bahuta jora se hNse| "tuma kyoM haMse bAlaka?' janaka ne puuchaa| "pahale Apa haMse haiM rAjan!" aSTAvakra bole- "ataH Apa batAie ki Apa kyoM haMse?" ___"tumhArI daihika saMracanA dekhkr|' janaka kA uttara thA"aba tuma batAo ki kyoM haMse?" dvitIya skhaNDa/297

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__ "maiM galata sthAna para Ane ke kAraNa haMsA huuN|" aSTAvakra ne gaMbhIratA se kahA- "maiM camAroM kI sabhA meM A gayA huuN| maiMne to ise vidvAnoM kI sabhA samajhA thaa|" ___ "tuma sahI sthAna para Ae ho|' janaka bole- "yaha camAroM kI sabhA nahIM hai, vidvAnoM kI sabhA hI hai|" "jo dehI ko na dekhakara mAtra deha kI pahacAna karate haiM, jinakI dRSTi camar3I taka hI sImita raha jAtI hai ve vidvAn nahIM ho sakate haiN|' aSTAvakra bole-"camar3e ke parIkSaka to camAra hI hote haiM, raajn|' aSTAvakra kI saTIka bAta ne janaka para camatkAra kiyaa| ve siMhAsana se uTha khar3e hue aura aSTAvakra ko sasammAna ucita Asana pradAna kiyA aSTAvakra ne usa vidvAn ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karake apane pitA sahita sabhI vidvAnoM ko kArAgRha se mukta karA diyaa| aSTAvakra kI vidvattA aura atmajJAna kA rAjA janaka sahita samasta vidvAnoM ne lohA mAnA / vartamAna meM bhI una dvArA AkhyAyita tattvajJAna kA akSaya-amara koSa, aSTAvakragItA vidvadvarga meM atIva sammAnanIya hai| 000 kisI bhI vyakti ko dUsare vyakti ke deha kA sarvaprathama darzana hotA hai| deha kA rUpa-raMga, AkAraprakAra- inakI vividhatA hI dikhAI par3atI hai| isI ke AdhAra para vyakti-vizeSa kI pahacAna sthira hotI hai| kintu yaha vyAvahArika jagata kI bAta hai| bauddhika dharAtala para vyaktitva kI pahacAna usake prazasta yA aprazasta karmoM ke AdhAra para hotI hai| vyaktitva kA mApana usake zIla va sadAcAra ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| deha ke AdhAra para vyaktitva kA nirdhAraNa apUrNa hai, kabhI-kabhI vAstavikatA se dUra bhI ho jAtA hai| acchI AkRti va sundara zarIra vAlA bhI krUra karma kare to use saumya va sundara kahanA nyAyocita nahIM, jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA/29800

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kyoMki logoM ke lie to vaha krUra hI siddha ho rahA hai| AdhyAtmika stara para to deha pUrNataH nagaNya ho jAtA hai, mAtra Atma-tattva hI upAdeya hotA hai| kintu sAmAnya stara ke loga- isa dRSTi ko apanA nahIM paate|| kSudramAnasa-mAnava kI dRSTi jAti aura deha taka hI sImita raha jAtI hai| jAti aura deha kI parikramAoM meM hI usakI buddhi Abaddha rahatI haiN| use satya kA rasatattva upalabdha nahIM ho paataa| satyadraSTA ke lie jAti aura deha nirmUlya haiM / dehI arthAt AtmA hI usake lie amUlya hai- mahAmUlyavAn hai| Atmatattva ko pahacAnane vAle cANDAlakulotpanna tathA kurUpa dehavAle 'harikezabala' aura Ter3he-mer3he zarIra vAle 'aSTAvakra RSi' kramazaH jaina aura vaidika dhArAoM ke do mahAn sAdhaka haiN| unameM antarnihita Atmajyoti nirdhama thii|donoN meM paryApta sAmyatA hai jo bhAratIya saMskRti kI donoM dhArAoM- jaina va vaidika meM antarnihita. ekasvaratA kI paricAyaka hai| dvitIya ravagaDa 299

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ye balidAnI (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) sabhI yoniyoM meM mAnava yoni zreSTha hai| mokSa kI sAdhanA mAnava yoni meM hI saMbhava hai| manuSya kA zarIra yadi apanI sAdhanA-AtmakalyANa ke kAma Ae, tabhI vaha sArthaka zarIra hotA hai| lekina sAdhanA karate-karate yadi sAdhaka parahita ke lie yA apane dharma kI rakSA ke lie apane zarIra kI bali de detA hai to yaha mAnava deha kI sabase bar3I sArthakatA hai| utsAha aura parahita-sAdhana kI bhAvanA kI prazaMsA bhAratIya saMskRti kI aMgabhUta sabhI vicAradhArAoM meM muktakaNTha se kI jAtI rahI hai| vaidika sAhitya kI sUkti hai-narAzaMsaM sudhRSTamamapazyaM suprathastamam (Rgved1/18/9)| arthAt janahitakArI aura pratApI vyakti ko prasiddhi prApta karate dekhA gayA hai| vyakti jo bhI janmatA hai, vaha maratA hai, kintu janahita kA kArya karane vAlA usa kIrti ko prApta karatA hai jisake kAraNa usakA nAma sarvadA bhAvI pIDhiyoM dvArA sAdara yAda kiyA jAtA rahatA hai- yahI ukta vaidika sUkti kA tAtparya hai| jana-hita kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa utsAhI vyakti apane mArga meM Ane vAle kaSToM kI paravAha nahIM krte| vaisA vyakti sabhI prANiyoM ko Atmavat samajhatA hai, isalie use dUsaroM kA kaSTa apane kaSTa jaisA hI pratIta hotA hai aura vaha usa kaSTa ko dUra karane ke lie tana-mana-dhana se tatpara ho jAtA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM kahA gayA hai- utsAhavantaH jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sArakRtika ekatA/300)>

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puruSA nAvasIdanti karmasu (vA. rAmA. 4/1/123), arthAt utsAhI vyakti kaisA bhI kaThina kArya ho, use karane meM duHkhI yA klAnta nahIM hote| unheM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati ekatva bhAvanA rakhane tathA unheM Atmavat samajhane vAle vyakti ko moha, zoka Adi nahIM hote| upaniSad meM bhI kahA gayA hai- yasmin sarvANi bhUtAni ekatvamanupazyataH / tatra ko mohaH kaH zokaH, ekatvamanupazyataH (IzA. upa.7), arthAt sabhI prANiyoM para Atmavat dRSTi ke sAtha ekatva kI dRSTi rakhane vAle ko kahAM moha hogA aura kahAM zoka hogA? mahAbhArata meM aise utsAhI va janahitakArI vyaktiyoM meM rAjA sudarzana kA nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai| usa rAjA kA udghoSa thA prANA hi mama dArAzca, yaccAnyad vidyate vasu / atithibhyo mayA deyamiti me vratamAhitam // (mahAbhArata, 13/2/70) __-arthAt merA yaha vrata (niyama) hai ki merI jo kucha dhanasampatti hai, aura merI jo striyAM bhI haiM, yahAM taka ki jo mere prANa bhI haiM, ve saba atithiyoM ke lie (AvazyakatAnurUpa) deya haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi kisI atithi ko mere prANa bhI cAhieM to maiM saharSa dene ke lie taiyAra huuN| janahita kI dRSTi se Atma-balidAna taka karane kI bhAvanA yahAM nitAnta ullekhanIya hai| mahAbhArata meM eka kathA AtI hai, usameM to eka kabUtarI zaraNAgata kI rakSA ke lie apane prANoM kI Ahuti dene meM pIche nahIM rahatI (draSTavyaH mahAbhArata, zAMti parva, 145-49 adhyaay)| jisa saMskRti meM pazupakSI taka janahita kI bhAvanA se Atma-balidAna karane meM agrasara hoM, usa bhAratIya saMskRti kI zreSThatA ko vizva meM kaise nahIM mAnA jAegA? astu, jaina paramparA meM bhI anukampA, dayA, karuNA tathA maitrI Adi bhAvanAoM ke vyAvahArika kriyAnvayana ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai aura tAttvika viveka ke sAtha sabhI upAyoM se parahitasAdhana kI pravRtti ko protsAhita kiyA gayA hai| jaina AcArya zubhacandra ne spaSTa udghoSaNA kI hai abhayaM yaccha bhUteSu kuru maitrImaninditAm / pazyAtmasadRzaM lokaM jIvalokaM carAcaram // (jJAnArNava, 8/51/523) < sitIya khaNDa/301

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arthAt prANiyoM ko abhaya-dAna do, sabhI ke sAtha aisI maitrI karo jo nindA kI pAtra na ho| isa samasta cara-acara jIva-loka ko Atmavat dekho, smjho| vastutaH jaina-dharma va darzana kA sAra hI yaha hai ki apane jaisA dUsaroM ko dekhanA, jo svayaM ko sukhakara lage vaisA hI bartAva dUsaroM se karanA, jo svayaM ko duHkhaprada pratIta ho, vaisA bartAva dUsaroM se na karanA-jaM icchasi appaNato, taM iccha parassa vi (bRhatkalpabhASya, 4584) / arthAt jaisA vyavahAra tuma dUsaroM se cAhate ho, vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsaroM se kro| yahI jaina-zAsana kA sAra hai| Apatti yA saMkaTa ke samaya jisa prakAra tuma cAhate ho ki tumheM koI Akara usa saMkaTa se chur3Ae aura rakSA kare, usI taraha tuma bhI jaba kisI ko saMkaTa-grasta dekho, taba use saMkaTa se bacAnA tumhArA kartavya banatA hai- AvattIe jahA appaM rakkhaMti, tahA aNNovi AvattIe rakkhiyabyo (nishiithcuurnni-5942)| dUsaroM ko saMkaTa se ubArane ke lie svayaM ko saMkaTa meM DAlane kA yaha jaina-upadeza sacamuca sabhI ke lie kriyAnvita karanA kaThina hai, virale hI isa vIratapUrNa kArya ko kara pAte haiN| isI dRSTi se AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- paNayA vIrA mahAvIhiM (AcArAMga sUtra-1/ 1/3) / arthAt vIra puruSa hI isa mahAn sAdhanA-mArga para cala pAte haiN| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki duranacaro maggo vIrANaM (AcArAMga sUtra-1/4/ 4) arthAt vIroM ke isa mArga para calanA kaThina hai| vastutaH AtmabalidAna ananta sAhasa kA paricAyaka hai| anantazauryasampanna puruSa hI saharSa apane prANoM ko dAMva para lagA sakatA hai| isIlie kahAvata hai- kAyara kadamakadama para maratA hai aura zUravIra eka hI bAra maratA hai| usakI eka hI bAra kI mRtyu mahAmahotsava bana jAtI hai| uparyukta sandarbha meM jaina va vaidika saMskRtiyoM kI ekasvaratA ke nidarzaka kucha kathAnaka yahAM prastuta haiM [1] skaMdhaka muni (gaina) zrAvastI nagarI meM rAjA kanakaketu rAjya karate the| unakI paTTamahiSI kA nAma malayasundarI thaa| malayasundarI ne kramazaH do santAnoM ko janma diyaa| prathama santAna-putra kA nAma skaMdhaka kumAra rakhA gayA tathA jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/302)

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dvitIya saMtAna - putrI kA nAma sunandA rakhA / yathAsamaya rAjakumAra aura rAjakumArI yuvA hue| bahana ke hRdaya meM bhrAtRprema aura bhAI ke hRdaya meM bhaginI prema parAkASThA para thA / rAjA kanakaketu ne apanI putrI sunandA ke lie kAMcInagara ke rAjA puruSasiMha ko vara rUpa meM cunA / yathAsamaya zubha muhUrtta meM pANigrahaNa samAroha sampanna huA / azruoM ke madhya bahana bhAI kA viraha huA / sunandA kAMcInagara pahuMcakara apane pati puruSasiMha ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka rahane lagI / vairAgyacetA skaMdhaka bahana ke viraha se aura adhika virakta rahane lge| zrAvastI nagarI meM eka bAra AcArya muni vijayasena padhAre / unakI dharma-dezanA sunakara skaMdhaka kumAra kA vairAgya puSpita ho uThA aura unhoMne sAdhu banane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| bhAI ke dIkSA samAroha meM sunandA bhI sammilita huI / skaMdhaka muni banakara vicarane lage / kliSTa saMyama - sAdhanA aura kaThora tapa ke kAraNa alpa samaya meM hI unakI deha kA rakta aura mAMsa atyalpa raha gyaa| kucha sainika gupta rUpa se muni skaMdhaka ke sAtha rahate the aura unakI kuzala-kSema kI sUcanA rAjA kanakaketu ko pahuMcAte the| muni tana-mana prANa se svataMtra hotA hai| usakA kucha nahIM hotA / na vaha kisI kA kucha hotA hai, na koI usakA kucha / bastI aura jaMgala, dhUpa aura chAMva tathA kSudhA aura tRpti usake lie samAna hote haiM / samAnatA kA yahI sAmyabhAva usake bhItara ke munitva kA janaka hotA hai / jyeSTha mAsa kI dopahara ! kAMcInagara kA rAjamArga thA tave sA tapta | usa para bikhare sikatA - kaNa jalate hue koyale ke samAna jala rahe the / aise meM kRzakAya eka muni nagna pairoM se ananta samatA rasa meM DUbA rAjamArga para bar3ha rahA thaa| sahasA mahala ke jharokhe se rAnI sunandA kI dRSTi muni para pdd'ii| isa rUpa meM vaha apane bhAI ko pahacAna na pAI / use vicAra AyA ki usakA bhAI bhI aise hI kahIM vihAra kara rahA hogA / kitanI kaThina hai zramaNasAdhanA ! sunandA vihvala ho utthii| usakI AMkhoM meM AMsU A ge| puruSasiMha ne rAnI kI AMkhoM meM AMsU dekhe aura rAjamArga para bar3hate muni ko dekhA / puruSa - hRdaya zaMkAgrasta ho utthaa| ekAeka usake mana ne yaha nirNaya kara liyA ki vaha muni rAnI kA koI purAnA premI hai / puruSasiMha mahala se nIce utraa| usane vadhikoM ko Adeza diyA ki sAmane jA rahe muni ko pakar3akara usakI camar3I khIMca lI jAe / dvitIya khaNDa 303

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rAjAjJA ko kriyAnviti milI / vadhikoM ne muni kA anugamana kiyA aura unheM bandhanoM meM jakar3a liyaa| isa kSaNa bhI muni saumya aura zAnta the / unhoMne na to vadhikoM kA virodha kiyA aura na hI yaha prazna kiyA ki unakA aparAdha kyA hai| muni jAnate the ki aise kSaNa municaryA ke abhinna aMga hote haiN| vadhika muni ko vadhasthala para le ge| mRtyu pariSaha ko sammukha dekhakara bhI muni mauna aura sama the / unhoMne saMlekhanA saMthArA dhAraNa kara liyA / vadhikoM kI talavAreM muni kI deha kI camar3I chIlane lgiiN| AtmAnanda meM lIna muni ke mukha se eka bhI Aha na phUTI / vadhika kAMpa uThe / hatyAroM kI bhI AMkheM baha calIM / samaya mauna sAdhakara eka mahAsAdhaka kI mahAsAdhanA kA mahAsaMgrAma dekha rahA thA / rakta deha se nicur3a gayA / maunazAnta - AtmalIna muni kI AtmA ne deha chor3a dI / pazcAt sabhI ko satya ghaTanA jJAta huI / sunandA kA prANa-prANa hAhAkAra se bhara gayA / rAjA puruSasiMha ananta pazcAttApa kA zikAra banA / eka dharmaprANa muni ke Atmotsarga kA yaha kathAnaka hajArahajAra varSa ke pazcAt bhI nita nUtana hai / balidAna kabhI purAnA nahIM par3a sktaa| cAhe vaha deza ke lie ho yA dharma ke lie | paramArtha kI siddhi ke hetu mahAmuni skaMdhaka kA yaha balidAna sadA vandya hai / smaraNIya hai / arcanIya hai / [ uttarAdhyayana- TIkA se ] I [2] maharSi dadhIci (vaidika) dadhIci RSi ne niHsvArtha bhAva se devoM kI rakSA ke lie AtmabalidAna diyA thA / unhoMne apanI asthiyoM ko devarAja indra ko dAna meM diyA thA | svapIr3A ko bhulAkara parArtha ke lie AtmabalidAna kI yaha gAthA bhI romAJcakArI hai / garvonmatta indra ne eka bAra devoM ke guru bRhaspati kA apamAna kara diyaa| devaguru rUTha kara anyatra cale gae / devakAryoM meM bAdhAeM Ane jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 304

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lgiiN| mArgadraSTA brAhmaNa ke abhAva meM avasara dekha kara daityoM ne devoM para AkramaNa kara diyA / devagaNa brahmA ke pAsa gae to unhoMne salAha dI ki tvaSTA ke putra vizvarUpa ko apanA purohita banA lo / vizvarUpa ke dizAnirdezana meM indra kI daityoM para vijaya huI | daityoM para vijaya ke upalakSya meM indra ne eka bar3e yajJa kA anuSThAna kiyA / isa yajJa ke AcArya vizvarUpa hI the / vizvarUpa jaba yajJa meM AhutiyAM dete the to cupacApa AMkha bacAkara daityoM kI AhutiyAM bhI de diyA karate the| yaha rahasya indra ko jJAta ho gayA / usane vizva rUpa ke tInoM sira kATa die| unake tIna sira the / vizvarUpa ke pitA tvaSTA indra para bahuta rUSTa hue| unhoMne eka yajJa karake vRtrAsura ko paidA kiyA / durjeya asura vRtra ne svarga para AkramaNa kara diyA aura indra ko lalakArA / indra vRtrAsura ke samakSa Thahara nahIM pAyA aura bhayabhIta hokara brahmA ke pAsa pahuMcA / usane brahmA se svarga - rakSA aura AtmarakSA ke lie nivedana kiyA / "" brahmA ne kahA- devarAja! vRtrAsura ko mArane kI eka hI yukti hai | maharSi dadhIci yadi apanI haDDiyAM tumheM de deM to una haDDiyoM kA vajra bnaao| usa asthi vajra se vRtrAsura mArA jA sakatA hai / " indra maharSi dadhIci ke pAsa pahuMce aura unheM apanI vivazatA darzAte hue unakI haDDiyoM kA dAna maaNgaa| jIte jI apanI haDDiyoM kA bhalA kauna dAna de sakatA hai? parantu dadhIci ne parahita ke lie apanI deha kA dAna karanA svIkAra kara liyaa| samasta devoM evaM indra kI prArthanA para dadhIci muni kA kathana thA - karomi yad vo hitamadya devAH / svaM cApi dehaM svayamutsRjanAmi // ( mahAbhArata, 3 / 100/21) arthAt he devoM! cUMki Apa sabhI ke kalyANa va hita kI yaha bAta hai, isalie maiM apane deha ko bhI svayaM visarjita kara rahA hUM / indra kI prArthanA para dadhIci ne apanI deha ko namaka meM galA kara usakI tvacA alaga karake haDDiyAM indra ko de diiN| una se bane vajra se vRtrAsura mArA gayA | maharSi dadhIci isa mahAn kArya ke lie Aja bhI amara haiM / [ draSTavyaH mahAbhArata, vanaparva, 100 adhyAya ] dvitIya khaNDa/305

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parArtha aura paramArtha AtmabalidAna ke do dhruva dhyeya haiN| parArthI aura paramArthI sAdhaka haMsate-haMsate prANoM kA balidAna kara dete haiN| unheM prANoM se priya praNa aura deha se priya dharma hotA hai| maharSi dadhIci ne rAkSasoM ke vinAza ke lie aura devatAoM kI rakSA ke lie apanI haDDiyoM taka kA dAna kara diyA thaa| una haDDiyoM se indra ne vajra banAkara vRtrAsura kA vadha kiyA thaa| isI taraha skandaka muni ne apane dharma ke pAlana ke lie sahaja-zAnta sthira rahate hue prANotsarga kara diyA thaa| vaidika purANa sAhitya meM uddhRta maharSi dadhIci kA kathAnaka tathA jaina sAhitya se uddhRta skaMdhaka muni kA kathAnaka- ina donoM meM zarIradAna athavA AtmabalidAna ke nimitta yA preraka kAraNa yadyapi bhinna-bhinna haiM phira bhI isa bhAva meM sAmya hai ki unheM apanI deha ke prati kiMcit bhI Asakti nahIM thii| unhoMne deha ko parArtha aura paramArtha kA sAdhana mAtra mAnA thaa| ataH unhoMne deha aura dehI ko bhinna samajhA hIM nahIM, anubhava bhI kiyA aura haMsate-haMsate . AtmabalidAna kara diyaa| ~ jena dharma evaM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/306)

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prAyazcita - - (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) rAga bandhana hai, virAga mukti hai| rAga saMsAra se jor3atA hai aura virAga saMsAra ko tor3atA hai| rAga-raMga meM raMgI AMkha paramAtmA kI ora se muMda jAtI hai jabaki rAgAtIta-rAgaraMga se asampRkta AMkha saMsAra kI ora se muMda jAtI hai| rAga aura virAga- ye do viparIta dizAoM ke do chora haiN| rAga kA artha hai- padArtha meM Asakti aura virAga kA artha hai padArtha meM anaaskti| rAgAsakta citta nazvara-parivartanazIla padArtha meM Ananda khojatA hai, jabaki virAgI citta paramAtmA kI khoja meM paramAnanda anubhava karatA hai| rAgAsakta citta kI khoja sadaiva adhUrI rahatI hai aura use punaH punaH pazcAttApa kI jvAlA meM jalanA par3atA hai kyoMki sukhAbhAsa ko sukha svIkAra kara lenA antataH kastUrI ke mRga kI bAhya daur3a hI siddha hotI hai| virAgI citta kI khoja kA paramAtmA para anta hotA hai| use paramAnanda upalabdha hotA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI donoM (jaina va vaidika) vicAradhArAeM isa tathya para sahamata hai ki rAga se vyakti saMsAra meM baMdhatA hai aura vairAgya va vItarAgatA se mukti prApta karatA hai| vaidika paramparA ke AcArya zaMkara ne kahA hai- mokSasya hetuH prathamaM nigadyate, vairAgyamatyantama- nityavastuSu (vivekcuudd'aamnni-71)| arthAt atyanta nazvara vastuoM ke prati vairAgya hI mokSa kA prathama kAraNa hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI kahA gayA hai- ratto baMdhadi dvitIya khaNDa /307

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kamma, muMcadi jIvo virAgasaMpatto (samayasAra, 150), arthAt rAgayukta vyakti karma bAMdhatA hai, jaba ki vairAgya yA vItarAgatA se mukta hotA hai| jaina Agama uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai- bhogI bhamai saMsAre, abhogI nAvalippaI (uttarA. sU. 25/41), athavA- Na lippaI teNa muNI virAgo (uttarA. 32/78) / arthAt bhogAsakta vyakti saMsAra meM hI bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai kintu bhoga se virata-virakta vyakti karmoM se lipta nahIM hotA / bauddha paramparA meM bhI isI kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai- virAgA vimuccati (majjhimanikAya, 3/20), arthAt virakti se mukti milatI hai| kintu jo vyakti saMsArika rAga meM AkaNTha nimagna ho rahA hotA hai, vaha vItarAgatA yA vairAgya kI ora ekAeka agrasara ho- isakI saMbhAvanA prAyaH nahIM hotii| bhAratIya manISiyoM ne isa para cintana karate hue yaha vicAra abhivyakta kiyA hai ki jaba rAgI-bhogAsakta vyakti ko kisI nimitta se yaha viveka jAgRta ho jAya ki rAgAsakti se hone vAle pApa Adi kArya avazyameva garhita haiM, pratiSThA ko, kIrti ko naSTa karane vAle haiN| isa sthiti meM vyakti apane pUrvakRta karmoM para anutApa karatA hai, nirveda-sampanna hotA hai| isa anutApa yA nirveda ko 'pazcAttApa' nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai ki yathA yathA manastasya duSkRtaM.karma grhite| tathA tathA zarIraM tu tenAdharmeNa mucyte|| ___(mahAbhArata-13/112/5) - jaise-jaise duSkRta ke prati nindA kA bhAva paidA hotA hai, vaisevaise usakA zarIra bhI pApa karane se mukta (virata) ho jAtA hai| aura, mahApAtakavarjaM hi prAyazcittaM vidhIyate (mahAbhArata- 12/35/43), arthAt prAyazcitta kI sthiti mahApAtaka se rahita ho jAtI hai| uparyukta nirUpaNa kA Azaya yaha hai ki vairAgya se pUrva nirveda, anutApa yA pazcAttApa kI sthiti hotI hai| bauddha paramparA meM isI kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai- nivviMdaM virajati virAgA, virAgA vimuccatIti (majjhimanikAya, 1/32), arthAt nirveda se vairAgya aura vairAgya se mukti prApta hotI hai| jaina paramparA bhI uparyukta tathya kA samarthana karatI hai| jaina jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/3080

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Agama meM kahA gayA hai- NivveeNa... savvavisaesu virajjai, siddhimagge paDivanneva ya havai (uttarA. sU. 29/3), arthAta nirveda ke kAraNa vyakti virakta hotA hai aura virakta hokara mukti-mArga ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| nirveda yA prAyazcitta kI sthiti meM vyakti apane aparAdhoM para pachatAtA hai, punaH unheM na karane hetu dRDhapratijJa hotA hai| isase usakI AtmA svaccha yA zuddha hotI hai| AcArya akalaMka ke anusAra prAyazcitta zabda kI nirukti hI hai- prAyaH yAnI pApa, citta yAnI zuddhi, arthAt jisa cintana-prakriyA se aparAdhoM kI zuddhi ho, vaha 'prAyazcitta' hotA hai (draSTavyaH rAjavArtika, 9/22/1) niyuktikAra kA bhI kathana hai- pAvaM chiMdaMti jamhA pAyAcchittaM ti bhaNNate teNa (Avazyaka niyukti, 1508)- arthAt pApa kA chedana karane ke kAraNa 'prAyazcitta' yaha nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya itihAsa meM anekAneka aise sAdhaka ho gae haiM jo sAMsArika bhogoM meM AkaNTha DUbe hue the, kintu jyoM hI unheM yaha bhAna huA ki kAmabhogoM meM par3akara kiye gae kArya pApa haiM, nindanIya haiM, durgati meM Dhakelane vAle haiM, tabhI virakti yA vairAgya unameM prasphuTita ho gayA aura ve 'prAyazcitta' kara vItarAgatA ke mArga para agrasara ho gae aura unhoMne apanA AtmakalyANa saadhaa| jaina va vaidika paramparAoM se eka-eka kathAnaka kA cayana kara yahAM unheM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai, jinameM sAdhakoM ne prAyazcitta kara sanmArgabhraSTa hone se svayaM ko bacAyA aura Atma-kalyANa kI upalabdhi kii| 'pazcAttApa' kI mahanIya bhUmikA ko ye kathAnaka spaSTa rUpa se rekhAMkita karane vAle haiN| [1] araNaka muni (jaina) tagarA nagarI ke nagaraseTha kA nAma datta thaa| unakI patnI kA nAma thA bhadrA / bhadrA ne eka putra ko janma diyaa| putra ke janmotsava para apUrva khuziyAM manAIM giiN| nAmakaraNa ke dina datta seTha ne apane putra kA nAma araNaka kumAra rkhaa| dvitIya khaNDa/309

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mAtA-pitA ke lAr3a-pyAra meM araNaka yuvA huaa| vaha bahuta sukumAra thaa| dhUpa kI tapiza aura sardI kI ThiThurana taka kA usane kabhI anubhava nahIM kiyA thA / kaSTa kyA hotA hai- vaha nahIM jAnatA thaa| jaina muni mitrAcArya grAmAnugrAma dharma kA saMdeza dete hue eka bAra tagarA nagarI meM pdhaare| muni-vandana- darzana-pravacana-zravaNa ke lie pUrI nagarI umar3a pdd'ii| datta, bhadrA aura araNaka bhI muni ke pAsa ge| vandana kara baitthe| muni ne dezanA dii| dezanA ne una tInoM kI AtmA ko chU liyaa| laukika sampannatA ko ThukarA kara datta-bhadrA tathA araNaka alaukika AdhyAtmika sampannatA ko pAne ke lie dIkSita ho ge| pitA aura putra, datta muni tathA araNaka muni sAtha-sAtha vicaraNa karate the| pitA kA mamatva bhAva putra para pUrvavat banA rhaa| datta araNaka kA pUrA dhyAna rakhate / svayaM gocarI lAte / municaryA ke anya choTe-bar3e kArya bhI ve svayaM krte| muni banakara bhI araNaka kI sukumAratA jyoM kI tyoM rhii| isIlie araNaka dIkSita hokara bhI zramaNatva ko AtmasAt na kara ske| zrama ke abhAva meM unameM muni ke lie aparihArya-kaSTasahiSNutA ko vikasita nahIM hone diyaa| samaya pratyeka marja kI davA hai| eka dina datta muni kA dehAnta ho gyaa| araNaka ko zramaNa caryA kA samasta zrama svayaM karanA pdd'aa| jalatI dopahara meM araNaka bhikSA ke lie nikale / garmI ne unakA hAla behAla kara diyaa| badana pasIne se tarabatara ho gyaa| atyanta sukumAra usa yuvaka muni ko calanA kaThina ho gyaa| araNaka eka bhavana kI chAyA meM khar3e hokara pasInA sukhAne lge| usa bhavana kI svAminI pati-viyoga se vyathita thii| sahasA usakI dRSTi muni para pdd'ii| muni kI sukumAratA para vaha vimugdha ho uThI / usane eka dAsI ko bhejakara muni ko bulA liyaa| gRhasvAminI mahilA ne atyanta prIti-pUrNa vacanoM se muni kA svAgata kiyaa| kAmAkula hAva-bhAva darzAte hue vaha bolI- "mune! isa bhavana ko apakI caraNa-dhUli ne pAvana kara diyA hai| Apa yahAM rhie| Apako yahAM koI kaSTa na hogaa|' jaina dharma etaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/310

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"lekina muni-maryAdAeM mujhe aisA karane kI anumati nahIM detii|" araNaka ne khaa| ___ "muni-maryAdAeM!" mahilA ne kahA- "yuvaka! munitva kI jvAlA meM isa sukomala deha ko yoM jalA denA samajhadArI nahIM hai| chor3ie isa jaMjAla ko| merA bhavana aura merA hRdaya Apake zrIcaraNoM meM arpita hai|" durbala mana kaSTa ke kSaNa meM tanika-sA pralobhana pAkara phisala jAtA hai| araNaka phisala ge| ve gRhavAsI ho ge| svIkRta niyama-maryAdAoM ko vismRta karake saMsAra meM vilIna ho ge| . araNaka kI mAtA sAdhvI bhadrA muni-saMgha meM apane putra ko na pAkara adhIra ho utthii| usakI adhIratA isa rUpa meM bar3hI ki vaha yaha bhI bhUla gaI ki vaha paMca-mahAvratadhAriNI sAdhvI hai| vaha apane putra ko khojane ke lie cala dii| "araNaka! araNaka!" mAtA bhadrA kI pukAra meM krandana thaa| galI-galI meM pAgaloM kI bhAMti apane putra ko pukAratI huI vaha ghUma rahI thii| do dina isI dazA meM vyatIta ho ge| tRtIya dina saMyogavaza bhadrA usI bhavana ke sAmane se niklii| taba bhI vaha apane putra ko pukAra rahI thii| araNaka ne sunA / mAtRsvara phcaanaa| mamatA-bharI pukAra meM chipe krandana ne araNaka ke khoe vizvAsa ko punarjAgrata kara diyaa| mahilA ke prati rAgayukta bandhana ko eka hI jhaTake meM jhaTaka kara ve usa mahala se nIce utara aae| mAtRcaraNoM meM girakara kSamA mAMgate hue bole ___ "aba rAga kI virAga para punaH jaya nahIM hogii| mAM! rAga kI mUla sukumAratA kA Aja se maiM sadA-sarvadA ke lie tyAga karatA huuN| tuma lauTa clo|" __mAtA se putra prAyazcitta karake zuddha hue|muni-sNgh meM sammilita hue| sukumAratA ke tyAga ke lie araNaka muni ne svayaM ko sUrya kI AtApanA meM jhoMka diyaa| nIce tapta zilAyeM aura Upara jalatI dhUpa / atitApa se jaise moma pighala jAtA hai aise hI araNaka muni kI deha jala utthii| para ve muni zAnta rhe| deha kA moha unake mana meM jAgRta nahIM huaa| anta meM deha visarjana kara muni ne paramagati ko prApta kiyaa|[uttraadhyyn-ttiikaa se] 0 dvitIya rataNDa/311

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[2] bilvamaMgala (vaidika) rAmadAsa nAmaka eka bhakta brAhmaNa thaa| usake eka putra thA, jisakA nAma bilvamaMgala thaa| kAlAntara meM rAmadAsa kA dehAnta ho gyaa| pitA kI apAra sampatti kA svAmitva bilvamaMgala ko prApta huaa| kucha vyasanI yuvaka bilvamaMgala ke mitra bana ge| saMgadoSa ne bilvamaMgala ke jIvana meM aneka burAiyoM ko utpanna kara diyaa| eka dina gAMva meM cintAmaNi nAmaka eka vezyA kA nAca thaa| apane mitroM ke sAtha bilvamaMgala bhI vezyA kA nRtya dekhane gyaa| usakA citta vezyA meM anurakta ho gyaa| cintAmaNi gAMva se dUra barasAtI nadI ke pAra bane apane sundara bhavana meM rahatI thii| bilvamaMgala pratidina usake pAsa jAne lgaa| bilvamaMgala rAta-dina cintAmaNi kI cintA meM anurakta rahane lgaa| eka dina bilvamaMgala ke pitA kA zrAddha thaa| bilvamaMgala kA mana zrAddha-karma ke sthAna para cintAmaNi meM khoyA thaa| sage-sambandhiyoM ke samajhAne para usane jyoM-tyoM pitA kA zrAddha-karma nipttaayaa| taba taka rAtrI ghira AI thii| AkAza meM bAdala ghira rahe the| bijaliyAM camaka rahI thiiN| kucha hI dera bAda mUsalAdhAra barasAta hone lgii| lekina bilvamaMgala kA mana cintAmaNi ke pAsa jAne ko Atura thaa| bhayAvaha mausama kI paravAha kie binA vaha vezyA se milane cala diyaa| nadI ke taTa para pahuMcA / nadI kinAre tor3akara baha rahI thii| jIvana kI cintA kie binA usane nadI meM chalAMga lagA dii| bahate hue eka murde ko usane kASTha-khaNDa samajhA aura usa para savAra hokara nadI pAra kii| DagamagAtA-DolatA huA, vaha vezyA ke bhavana ke pAsa phuNcaa| usane cintAmaNi ko pukArA / AMdhI aura barasAta ke kAraNa usakI pukAra vezyA taka nahIM phuNcii| bilvamaMgala bahuta dera taka pukAratA rhaa| jaba koI pratyuttara na milA to usane idhara-udhara dekhA / usane dekhA bhavana kI dIvAra se eka rassI laTaka rahI hai| usake sahAre vaha bhavana para car3ha gyaa| vezyA use aise D A jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/312 > G

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mausama aura isa dazA meM dekhakara daMga raha gii|tb taka barasAta rUka cukI thii| vezyA ne dIpaka jalAkara dekhA-dIvAra para viSadhara sarpa laTakA huA thaa| usakA mana duHkhI ho gyaa| usane bilvamaMgala ko DAMTate hue kahA- "bilvamaMgala! jisa hAr3a-mAMsa kI deha para tU itanA dIvAnA ho rahA hai, usakA antima pariNAma DarAvanA bur3hApA aura phira mRtyu hai| aisI dIvAnagI yadi zrIkRSNa meM hotI to tumhArA uddhAra ho jaataa| dhikkAra hai, tumhAre isa prema pr|" upayukta samaya kI phaTakAra ne bilvamaMgala ke hRdaya ko badala diyaa| usI kSaNa vaha lauTa gyaa| zrIkRSNa ko pukAratA huA vaha vana-vana gAMva-gAMva bhaTakane lgaa| usane sarvasva ko bhulA diyaa| kevala zrIkRSNa kI yAda hI usake hRdaya meM zeSa thii| eka dina eka kueM para pAnI khIMcatI huI eka sundara mahilA para bilvamaMgala kI dRSTi pdd'ii| usa mahilA ke rUpa ne eka bAra punaH bilvamaMgala ke kadama lar3akhar3A die| dIvAnA banA vaha usake pIche-pIche cala diyaa| vaha mahilA eka ghara meM praveza kara gii| bilvamaMgala gRha-dvAra para baiTha gyaa| kucha dera bAda gRhasvAmI bAhara AyA / mlAnamukha brAhmaNa ko apane dvAra para dekhakara usane usake vahAM baiThane kA kAraNa puuchaa| bilvamaMgala ne niSkapaTa hRdaya se kahA-"maiM tumhArI patnI ke rUpa para mohita hokara yahAM taka calA AyA huuN| maiM eka bAra usakA mukhadarzana karanA cAhatA huuN|" gRhasvAmI brAhmaNa yuvaka kI saralatA se prabhAvita huaa| usane vicAra kiyA- yadi merI patnI ke mukhadarzanamAtra se ise saMtoSa hai, to isameM koI harja nhiiN| vaha apanI patnI ko bulAne ghara ke bhItara calA gyaa| bilvamaMgala ke patana kA yaha carama thaa| sahasA usakA viveka jagA / usane apane ko dhikkaaraa| usane rUpa para Asakta apanI AMkhoM ko doSI maanaa| pAsa meM bela se usane do tIkSNa zUla tor3e aura apanI AMkhoM meM bhoMka lie| lahU kI dhAra baha clii| lekina bilvamaMgala ko hArdika prasannatA huii| vaha uThA aura punaH bhagavAn kI khoja meM cala diyaa| anuzruti hai ki bilvamaMgala ne apanA-mana-vacana zarIra zrIkRSNa kI bhakti meM lagA diyaa| kAlAntara meM zrIkRSNa ne unheM darzana die aura unakI netra-jyoti lauTAI jIvana bhara bhagavada-bhakti meM bitAkara, bilvamaMgala ne apane utthAna-patana ke ghaTanAkramoM se pUrNa jIvana kA kalyANa kiyaa| OOO dvitIya rakhaNDa/313

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jIvana kI rAha sarala ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| aneka bAra vaha TeDhI-meDhI, UMcI-nIcI bhI hotI hai| pUrva janma ke pApodaya ke kAraNa, jIvana meM aisI sthiti A jAtI hai jaba vyakti bhaTaka jAtA hai| bhaTaka jAnA hI jIvana kI rAha kA TeDhApana hai| jaba vyakti bhaTaka jAtA hai to usakI unnati kA dvAra banda ho jAtA hai| kisI ke dvArA pratibodha milane para bhaTakA huA vyakti punaH sanmArga para A jAtA hai| prAyazcitta kara vaha apane ko zuddha banA letA hai| taba jIvana kI rAha sarala ho jAtI hai aura vaha vyakti apane lakSya ko prApta kara letA hai| ___araNaka aura bilvamaMgala ke kathAnakoM meM yahI satya pragaTa huA hai| araNaka kA kathAnaka jaina kathA sAhitya se udadhRta hai jabaki bilvamaMgala kA kathAnaka vaidika kathA sAhitya se cunA gayA hai| AtmajJAna ke lakSyI araNaka muni eka mahilA ke AmaMtraNa para apane lakSya ko vismRta karake rAga-saMsAra meM zAnti khojane ke lie praviSTa ho jAte haiN| lekina mAtR-pukAra unake vairAgya ke lie punaH saMjIvanI siddha hotI hai aura ve rAga ke bandhanoM ko jhaTaka kara punaH virAga ke maga ke rAhI ho jAte haiN| brAhmaNaputra bilvamaMgala apanI priyatamA kI sAmayika sIkha se pratibuddha banakara bhagavAn kI bhakti ke mArga para nikalate haiN| lekina punaH eka mahilA ke rUpa para rAgAsakta hokara usakA anugamana karate haiN| unakA viveka unheM jhakajhoratA hai to ve rAga ko utpanna karane vAlI apanI AMkhoM ko phor3a lete haiM tathA bhagavAn ko paramAdhAra banAkara unakI bhakti meM zeSa jIvana ko atIta karate haiN| araNaka aura bilvamaMgala- donoM caritroM meM utthAnapatana aura punarutthAna kA eka samAna darzana nihita hai jo do paramparAoM kI ekAtmakatA kA paricAyaka hai| 8 jaina dharma evaM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/314)

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23 bhArata kI sannAriyAM (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) 'samarpaNa' kA artha hai- kisI ke prati ananya AsthA va zraddhA bhAva rakhakara, usase jur3anA / samarpaNa vyAvahArika jagat meM bhI upayogI hai aura adhyAtmika kSetra meM bhii| apane lakSya ke prati pUrNa samarpita hokara hI koI vyakti usa lakSya ko pAne meM saphala ho pAtA hai| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM bhakti-mArga ke sAdhaka ko prabhu va ArAdhya ke prati pUrNataH samarpita honA par3atA hai / bhagavadgItA meM bhakti-mArga ke prasaMga meM zrI kRSNa ne svayaM kahA haiye tu sarvANi karmANi, mayi saMnyasya matparAH / ananyenaiva yogena, mAM dhyAyanta upAsate // teSAmahaM samuddhartA, mRtyusaMsAra - sAgarAt / kaunteya pratijAnIhi, na me bhaktaH praNazyati // (gItA - 12/6-7) - jo loga samasta kAryoM ko mere prati samarpita kara, ananya bhAva se merA dhyAna karate hue merI upAsanA karate haiM, maiM ukta logoM ko mRtyu-saMsAra rUpI sAgara (meM DUbane) se bacAtA huuN| he arjuna! maiM dAve se kahatA hUM ki merA bhakta kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA / bhakta aura bhagavAn ke isa ananya AsthA bhare sambandha ko spaSTa karate hue bhAgavata meM bhagavAna ne kahA hai dvitIya khaNDa/ 315

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ahaM bhaktaparAdhIno, hyasvatantra iva dvij| sAdhubhistahRdayo bhktairbhktjnpriyH|| (bhAgavatapurANa, 9/4/63) - bhakta santoM kA adhikAra mere hRdaya para ho jAtA hai| maiM bhaktajanoM kA prema-pAtra hotA huA, una bhaktoM ke adhIna va asvataMtra jaisA ho jAtA huuN| bhagavAna kI bhakta-parAdhInatA kA kAraNa bhaktoM ke samarpaNa bhAva meM hI nihita hai| bhakta bhagavAna ke sivA kisI anya kI mahattA ko nahIM svIkAratA, usake lie bhagavAn hI 'eka bharoso ekabala, eka Asa, vizvAsa' haiN| jaina paramparA meM cUMki paramezvara pUrNataH 'vItarAga' hotA hai, isalie bhakta ke parAdhIna honA aura unakI rakSA kA uttaradAyitva vahana karanA Izvara ke lie sambhava nahIM mAnA jaataa| ataH vahAM yaha samarpaNa prArambhika sthiti meM AjJA-upadeza ke prati hotA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM eka sthala para isa samarpaNa kA prArUpa isa prakAra vyakta kiyA gayA haicaeja dehaM na hu dhmmsaasnnN| (dazavaikAlika-cUrNi-1/17) arthAt deha bhale hI chUTa jAe, kintu dharma-zAsana ke prati AsthA kabhI na htte| jaina bhakta kI dRSTi meM- na vItarAgAt paramasti daivatam (hemacandrakRta ayogavyavacchedikA, 28)hotA hai arthAt 'vItarAga' paramezvara se baDha kara koI devatA yA Izvara nahIM hotaa| yaha usakI ananya niSThA hai| isake kAraNa, paramezvara tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa dharma ke prati aura usakI AjJA ke prati vaha pUrNatayA samarpita rahatA hai aura usI ko apanI jIvana-caryA meM kriyAtmaka rUpa denA cAhatA hai| isa samarpaNa-bhAva ko yadi hama dekhanA cAheM to bhAratIya sannAriyoM ke jIvana-vyavahAra meM dekha sakate haiN| 'samarpaNa' nArI kA adbhuta aura advitIya alaMkAra hotA hai| adhikAMzatayA usakA yaha samarpaNa apane pati ke prati hotA hai| vaha pati ke caraNoM ko Izvara ke caraNa mAnakara svayaM ko arpita kara detI hai| isake lie use bhayAnaka kaSTa bhI sahane par3eM to bhI vaha prasannacitta se sahana kara letI hai| jaina dharma edika dharga kI sAMskRtika ekatA 316)

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kintu jaba ina sannAriyoM meM se kucha ko IzvarIya bhakti kI lagana laga jAe to vaha pUjya bhaktoM ke lie bhI Adarza bana jAtI hai| ve apane ArAdhya deva va dharma ke prati pUrNataH samarpita ho jAtI haiM aura koI bhI pralobhana yA tarjanA unheM apane dhyeya se vimukha nahIM kara pAte / ghora se ghoratama saMkaTa bhI unheM apane mArga se vicalita nahIM kara paate| aisI bhakta sannAriyoM ke nAma itihAsa ke svarNima pRSThoM para aMkita ho jAte haiN| jaina aura vaidika paramparA se lie gae do kathAnaka yahAM prastuta haiM jinameM AdhyAtmika samarpaNa karane vAlI sannAriyoM ke jIvana-carita nibaddha haiN| jaina paramparA kI somA aura vaidika paramparA kI mIrA kRSNabhakti meM samarpita hai to jaina paramparA kI somA bhI apane dharma kI rakSA hetu pUrNataH samarpita hai| dekhie, viSa ko amRta meM tathA viSadhara sarpa ko bhI phUlamAlA meM rUpAyita karane vAlI do mahAn sannAriyoM ke saMkSipta jIvanadarzana! ghora saMkaTa meM bhI unakI adamya kaSTasahiSNutA aura akampa aDolatA ko bhI hRdayaMgama kreN| [1] somA satI (jaina) prAcIna samaya kI bAta hai| kisI nagara meM dhanagupta nAma ke eka prasiddha zreSThI nivAsa karate the| dhanagupta kI eka putrI thii| usa kA nAma zrImatI thaa| prema se sabhI use somA kahate the| somA advitIya rUpavatI thii| rUpa ke sAtha-sAtha vaha nArIsulabha samasta guNoM kA koSa thii| dhanagupta seTha zramaNopAsaka the| ghara meM jinatva kA raMga thaa| isI jinatva ke pariveza meM somA ne AMkha kholI, palI aura bddh'ii| mahAmaMtra navakAra aura arihaMta deva ke prati usameM kUTa-kUTa kara zraddhA bharI thii| yauvana ke dvAra para khar3I somA kA mana apane iSTa parameSThI deva meM hI ramA thaa| sAMsArika vAsanAoM aura vilAsoM meM usakI rUci na thii| vaha prAtaH aura sAyaM-donoM samaya pratidina sAmAyika karatI aura jinezvara deva kI stuti karatI thii| dvitIya khaNDa 317

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dhanagupta dRr3hadharmI zrAvaka the| unhoMne nizcaya kiyA thA ki ve apanI putrI somA kA vivAha jaina kula meM hI kreNge| somA ke rUpa guNa kI khyAti kI sugaMdha se AkarSita aneka zrIsampanna zreSThiyoM ke vaivAhika prastAva dhanagupta ko prApta hote the, lekina dhArmika samAnatA na pAkara ve inheM asvIkAra kara dete the| usI nagara meM buddhapriya nAma kA eka sundara aura zrIsampanna zreSThIputra rahatA thaa| usane somA ke rUpa-guNa kI prazaMsA sunii| vaha mana hI mana somA kA dIvAnA bana baitthaa| usane somA se vivAha racAne kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyaa| lekina use jJAta ho gayA ki dhanagupta apanI putrI kA vivAha zramaNopAsaka yuvaka se hI kreNge| buddhapriya bauddha thaa| usakA pUrA parivAra bhI kaTTara bauddha matAnuyAyI thaa| buddhapriya ne somA ko apanAne ke lie eka cAla clii| vaha kapaTI zrAvaka bana gyaa| santoM kI sabhA meM vaha sabase Age baiThakara sAmAyika karatA tathA jaina samAja ke sAMskRtika-dhArmika kAryakramoM meM atyadhika rUci pradarzita karatA / vaha dhanagupta kA dhyAna AkarSita karanA cAhatA thA aura aisA karane meM vaha antataH saphala bhI ho gyaa| dhanagupta ne buddhapriya ko apanI putrI somA ke lie upayukta vara smjhaa| buddhapriya atiprasanna thaa| ucita samaya para dhanagupta ne apanI putrI somA kA vivAha bar3e mahotsavapUrNa kSaNoM meM buddhapriya ke sAtha sampanna kara diyaa| sasurAla kI deharI para pAMva dharate hI somA satya se paricita ho gaI ki isa ghara meM jinatva ke pujArI nahIM, dveSI nivAsa karate haiN| buddhapriya kI kapaTalIlA usakI samajha meM aaii| lekina aba kucha nahIM ho sakatA thaa| bhAratIya nArI jIvana meM eka hI puruSa ko pati rUpa meM dekhatI hai aura somA bhI buddhapriya ko patirUpa meM dekha cukI thii| usane apane mana ko samajhAte hue vicAra kiyA- maiM apane pati ko eka dina avazya zramaNopAsaka banA duuNgii| somA prAtaH brahmamuhUrta meM uThakara sAmAyika karatI to usakI sAsa aura nanada jala bhuna utthtii| usake sasura ke lie bhI yaha asahya thaa| buddhapriya kucha dina to mana mArakara somA kI sAmAyika ko sahana karatA rahA, lekina adhika samaya usase sahana nahIM huaa| sAsa-sasura-nanada aura pati pUrA parivAra somA se dveSa karane lgaa| use nAnA prakAra ke kaSTa die jaina dharma evaM nidhana kI sarakAzaka vajA 3182

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jAne lge| use vivaza kiyA gayA ki vaha navakAra maMtra aura arihaMta bhagavAn ko bhUla jaae| somA ne pratyeka kaSTa ko muskAna ke sAtha svIkAra kiyaa| vaha apane dhyeya para aDiga rhii| buddhapriya aura usake mAtA-pitA ne eka kuTila cAla clii| unhoMne somA kI hatyA karane kA nirNaya kara liyaa| buddhapriya ne eka sapere se eka viSadhara sarpa kharIda liyaa| sarpa ko eka ghar3e meM rakha kara vaha somA ke pAsa lAyA aura kRtrima prema pradarzita karate hue bolA- "dekho priye! maiM tumhAre lie sundara phUloM kA hAra lekara AyA huuN| ise grahaNa kro| tumhAre gale meM yaha atyanta sundara lgegaa|" somA ke hRdaya-maMdira meM pratikSaNa arihaMta deva kA nivAsa thaa| vaha pratyeka kArya ko karate hue mahAmaMtra navakAra kA jApa karatI thii| somA ne navakAra maMtra par3hate hue ghar3e meM hAtha ddaalaa| usake hAtha meM komala-sundara phUloM kA hAra thaa| sAsa-sasura aura pati sarpa ko phUlamAlA ke rUpa meM dekhakara daMga raha ge| unake hRdaya dhar3akane lge| pati-AjJA kA pAlana karate hue somA ne usa mAlA ko apane gale meM dhAraNa kara liyaa| sAsa-sasura aura pati somA kA sAmanA na kara ske| isa. apUrva adbhuta camatkAra ko dekhakara unake hRdaya parivartita ho ge| unhoMne somA ko vAstavikatA batAte hue apanI dhRSTatA ke lie kSamA maaNgii| somA ne apanI sAsa-sasura aura pati ko jina dharma kA marma smjhaayaa| mahAmaMtra navakAra aura arihaMta deva kI mahimA btaaii|puure parivAra ne jina dharma ko grahaNa kiyaa| somA kA jIvana sukhapUrvaka dharmArAdhana karate hue atIta hone lgaa| pUrA ghara svarga bana gyaa| [2] mIrA bAI (vaidika) mIrA bAI zrIkRSNa kI dIvAnI thii| usane apanA sarvasva apane prabhu giridharanAgara ke caraNoM meM arpita kara diyA thaa| sukha-duHkha tathA lokalAja se atIta usa prema dIvAnI ne zrIkRSNa ko apanA pati ghoSita kara diyA thaa| tiIya khaNDa 319

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saMta-saMgati aura Iza-bhakti ke kAraNa use aneka kaSTa sahana karane pdd'e| usa para lAMchana lagAe ge| use viSa diyA gyaa| lekina pratyeka kaSTa ke kSaNa meM usakI prabhu-prIti avicala rhii| bhaktimatI mIrA kA janma saMvat 1558-1559 meM mAravAr3a pradeza ke grAma kur3akI meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma zrI ratana siMha rAThaur3a thA jo mer3atA ke rAva dUdAjI ke caturtha putra the| mIrA apane mAtA-pitA kI ikalautI saMtAna thii| use bharapUra lAr3a-pyAra prApta huaa| caMcalatA bAlyakAla kA abhinna aMga hotI hai| lekina mIrA kA citta caMcalatAzUnya thaa| vaha dasa varSa kI huii| eka dina eka sAdhu unake gharapara aae| sAdhu ke pAsa bhagavAn zrIkRSNa kI eka sundara mUrti thii| mIrA kI dRSTi usa mUrti para pdd'ii| use vaha bahuta priya lgii| usane Agraha karake vaha mUrti sAdhu se le lii| sAdhu ne zrIkRSNa kI mahimA aura pUjA vidhi samajhAte hue vaha mUrti mIrA ko arpita kara dii| ' mIrA zrIkRSNa kI mUrti pAkara bhAva-vibhora ho utthii| dina-rAta vaha usI kI sAra-saMbhAla, pUjA aura arcanA meM tallIna rahane lgii| zrIkRSNa ke caraNoM se usakA anurAga ghaniSTha hotA gyaa| apane priyatama ko goda meM lie mIrA prasannatA se nAca utthtii| usakA hRdaya gunagunA utthtaa| usake adhara hilane lagate / vaha tanmaya hokara gAne lgtii| zrIkRSNa ke premarasa meM page mIrA ke pada sunakara na kevala usake mAtA-pitA, apitu anya aneka grAmavAsI tathA sAdhu-saMnyAsI bhI bhakti meM jhUmane lgte| saMvat 1573 meM mIrA kA vivAha cittaur3a ke sisodiyA vaMza meM mahArAjA sAMgA ke jyeSTha putra bhojarAja ke sAtha sampanna huaa| zrIkRSNa kI dIvAnI mIrA ne phere lete hue apane priyatama zrIkRSNa kI mUrti ko apanA pati svIkAra kiyaa| deha se vaha bhojarAja kI patnI banI, parantu mana se vaha giridhara gopAla kI rAnI bnii| bhojarAja dharmaniSTha aura sAhityapremI the| prAraMbha meM unheM mIrA kA zrIkRSNa-prema akharA / bAda meM mIrA ke hRdaya kI komalatA aura nizchalatA se ve paricita ho ge| mIrA ko bhakti meM DUbI gAte dekhakara ve svayaM bhakti sAgara meM DubakiyAM lagAne lgte| mIrA ko isa bAta kA kaSTa thA ki vaha apane laukika pati jaina dharma parikArga kI sAMskRtika ekatA 3200

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bhojarAja kI samyak sevA nahIM kara paatii| mIrA kI hRdaya-dazA se paricita hokara bhojarAja ne eka anya vivAha racA liyaa| aba mIrA svataMtra thii| usane apanA pUrA samaya kRSNa-bhakti ko arpita kara diyaa| vaha bhUkhapyAsa ko vismRta karake kaI-kaI dina zrIkRSNa ke dhyAna meM khoI rhtii| vaha kabhI rotI to kabhI hNstii| logoM ne mIrA ko pAgala smjhaa| lekina use isakI cintA na thii| saMvat 1580 ke lagabhaga bhojarAja kA dehAnta ho gyaa| pati kI mRtyu para mIrA ne AMsU nahIM bhaae| kyoMki vaha jAnatI thI usake vAstavika pati zrIkRSNa amartya, anazvara aura cinmaya haiN| ve kabhI nahIM mara skte| pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt mIrA kA sArA samaya sAdhuoM kI saMgati, padaracanA, Izastuti meM bItane lgaa| aneka bAra vaha galI-galI meM ghUmakara zrIkRSNa ko pukaartii| usa samaya rAjagaddI para mIrA ke devara vikramAjIta AsIna the| unheM mIrA kA vyavahAra pasanda na aayaa| unhoMne mIrA ko samajhAyA / na mAnane para use viSa dekara mArane kA yatna kiyaa| rAjA vikramAjIta ne caraNAmRta ke nAma para viSa kA pyAlA mIrA ke pAsa bhejaa| mIrA ne saharSa use pI liyaa| prabhu-bhaktoM ke lie vastu apane prabhAva ko badala detI hai| viSa mIrA kA kucha na bigAr3a paayaa| rAjA ne eka viSadhara sarpa ko zAligrAma kahakara bhejaa| mIrA ne piTArA kholA to sarpa ke sthAna para zAligrAma the| rAjA mIrA ke isa prabhAva aura camatkAra ko dekhakara mana hI mana bhayabhIta ho utthaa| rAjA ne aura bhI anya aneka kaSTa mIrA ko die, para vaha usakA kucha na bigAr3a paayaa| mIrA sudha-budha khokara zrIkRSNa bhakti meM tanmaya rhii| usakA zarIra durbala ho gyaa| dhyAna se upajI ekAgratA ko mIrA kI bImArI samajhA gyaa| aneka vaidya bulAe ge| mIrA ke pitA bhI vaidyoM ko lekara aae| lekina kisI davA kA mIrA para prabhAva na huaa| mIrA ne pada gayA he rI maiM to prema divAnI, merA darada na jANe koy| sUlI Upara seja hamArI, kisa vidha soNA hoy|| gagana maMDala pe seja piyA kI, kisa vidha milaNA hoy| ghAyala kI gati ghAyala jANai, kI jiNa lAI hoy|| ditIya vADa 321

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jauhara kI gati jauharI jANai, kI jiNa jauhara hoy| darada kI mArI vana-vana DolUM, baida milyA nahIM koy|| mIrA kI prabhu pIra miTe jaba, baida sAMvariyA hoy| mIrA ke mahaloM meM nityaprati sAdhu-saMta aate| satsaMga hotaa| mIrA bhI sAdhu-saMtoM ke pAsa satsaMga karane jaatii| mIrA ko galI-galI Dolate dekha rAjA ise apanA apamAna smjhtaa| usane mIrA para pahare baiThA die| eka rAtrI rAjA ko zikAyata milI kI mIrA ke mahaloM meM koI puruSa hai| rAjA naMgI talavAra lekara krodha se pAgala banA mIrA ke mahala meM phuNcaa| usane kakSa ke dvAra se kAna lagAkara sunA / mIrA kisI puruSa se premAlApa kara rahI thii| usane krodhita hokara kaTu svara meM dvAra khulvaayaa|dekhaa to vahAM mIrA ke atirikta koI na thaa| lajjita-sA rAjA lauTa gyaa| apanI bhakti meM rAjA ko kadama-kadama para bAdhA anubhava karate hue mIrA ne mahaloM kA sadA sarvadA ke lie parityAga kara diyaa| vaha vRndAvana calI gii| vRndAvana ke kuJja-kuJja meM zrIkRSNa ko khojatI gAtI huI vicarane lagI mere to giridhara gopAla, dUsaro na koii| jAke sira mora mukuTa, mero pati soii|| mIrA kA eka-eka pada bhakti rasa meM pagA hai| Aja bhI una padoM ko gAte hue gAyaka aura sunate hue zrotA bhakti-sAgara meM AkaNTha nimagna ho jAte haiN| mIrA ne apane lakSya ko sAdhane ke lie kabhI kaSToM kI paravAha nahIM kii| bhagavad-bhakti meM DUba kara mIrA amara ho gyii| OOO somA aura mIrA ke caritroM meM nArI ke usa rUpa ke darzana hote haiM jo prabhu aura apane dharma ke lie zeSa saba kucha ko tyAgane ke lie tatpara ho jAtI hai| kRSNa-bhakti meM samarpita mIrA aura jaina dharma ko apanA prANa dhana mAnane vAlI somA ko vivaza kiyA gayA hai ki ve prabhu aura apane dharma ko vismRta kara deN| unakI asvIkRti para unheM aneka kaSTa die ge| rAjA ne mIrA ke lie viSa kA pyAlA bhejaa| mIrA ne satya jAnate hue jaina dharma evaM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 322

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bhI usa viSa ko pI liyaa| usakI Izvara-bhakti kI zakti ne viSa ko amRta meM badala diyaa| somA ko mArane ke lie usake pati ne eka ghar3e meM kRSNa sarpa rokakara use diyaa| apane iSTa parameSThI deva kA dhyAna karate hue somA ne ghar3e meM hAtha DAlA to viSadhara sarpa phUloM kI mAlA ke rUpa meM badala gyaa| pati aura parivAra somA kI zakti ke samakSa jhuka ge| jaina aura vaidika sAhityoM se lie gae donoM kathAnakoM meM pUrNa sAmyatA prApta hotI hai| nArI kI garimA, mahimA, samatApUrNa bhAva aura bhayAvaha kaSTa ke kSaNoM meM usakI apane lakSya para akaMpa aDolatA kA darzana donoM dhArAoM meM eka rUpa-eka svara se svIkRta kie gae haiN| donoM kathAnakoM meM saMkaTagrasta nArI-dazA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| eka parivAra meM nArI ko kitane kaSTa jhelane par3a jAte haiM- yaha donoM kathAnakoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isake sAtha sampradAyavAda kitanA bhayavAha ho jAtA hai, vaha kaise parivAroM ko tor3a detA hai-yaha bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| tIsarI bAta jo draSTavya hai, nArI ko abalA kahA jAtA hai, lekina nArI kI dRDha AsthA evaM anupama sahanazakti vAstava meM adbhuta hotI hai| use na to rAja-sattA hI DigA sakatI hai aura na mRtyu kA bhaya hI vicalita kara sakatA hai| dhanya haiM aisI sannAriyAM, aura dhanya hai unakI dRDha aasthaa| jaina va vaidika- donoM vicAradhArAoM ne nArI kI ukta kSamatA ko pahacAna kara, ina kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se usakA nidarzana karAyA hai| dvitIya saNDa323

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21 Adarza bhrAtR-prema (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) bhAiyoM ke paraspara prema kA nirUpaNa hameM vaidika sAhitya meM bhI milatA hai| eka vaidika vacana hai- mA bhrAtA bhrAtaraM dvikSan (athrvved3/30/3)| arthAt bhAI-bhAI Apasa meM kabhI dveSa na kareM / bhrAtR-prema ko veda meM bhI pArivArika saubhAgya kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai- saMbhrAtaro vAvRdhuH saubhagAya (Rgveda- 5/60/5 ) / arthAt paraspara premayukta bhAI saubhAgyasampanna va samRddha hote haiM / mahAbhArata ke anusAra bhrAtR-prema svargagati dilAtA haibhrAtRRNAM caiva sasnehAste narAH svargagAminaH ( mahAbhArata - 13/24/90) / arthAt jina logoM kA apane bhAiyoM ke sAtha sneha-sambandha rahatA hai, ve svarga-sukha prApta karate haiM / sahodara bhAiyoM meM prema honA svAbhAvika hai| eka dUsare ke hita kI siddhi karanA aura ahita kA nivAraNa karanA bhAiyoM kA jo paraspara kartavya hai, vahI isa prema se prasUta hai / pANDavoM tathA dazaratha-putroM kA Adarza prema prasiddha hI hai| choTe bhAI kA bar3e ke prati yaha prema zraddhA va bhakti ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai| bhakta vaha hai jo svayaM ke sva ko miTA kara apane ArAdhya kI prasannatA meM apanI prasannatA aura usakI aprasannatA meM apanI aprasannatA ke darzana karatA hai| jahAM svatva zeSa hai, vahAM bhakti nahIM ghaTa sakatI / svatvavisarjana kI nIMva para hI bhakti kA prAsAda khar3A hotA hai| bhakti vinata, kRtajJa aura premapUrNa hRdaya kA AkarSaNa hai / bhakti meM kaThinatA jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 324

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aura kaThoratA ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| usameM to mRdutA aura saralatA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| bhagavadbhakti ke samAna hI bhrAtRbhakti kA bhI vizeSa mahattva hai| bar3e bhAI kI prasannatA ke lie svatva ko miTA denA bhrAtRbhakti kA svarUpa hai| jaina va vaidika- ina donoM vicAradhArAoM ke sAhitya meM isa bhrAtR-bhakti kA nirUpaNa huA hai| bar3e bhAI ko pitA ke jaisA mahanIya sthAna denA- yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kA pArivArika Adarza rahA hai| vaidika paramparA meM, Adikavi vAlmIki ne (rAmAyaNa ke kiSkindhA kANDa meM) vidyA-dAtA guru evaM pitA ke samAna hI jyeSTha bhrAtA ko pUjya batAyA hai: jyeSTho bhAtA pitA vA'pi, yazca vidyAM prycchti| trayaste pitaro jJeyAH, dharme ca pathi vartinaH // (vA. rAmA.- 4/18/13) arthAt dharma-mArga para calane vAle vyaktiyoM ko cAhie ki ve jyeSTha bhAI tathA vidyA pradAtA guru-inheM pitR-tulya jaane| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai- jyeSTho bhAtA pitRsamo, mRte pitari bhArata (mahAbhArata, 13/108/16) / arthAt pitA ke marane para, jyeSTha bhAI hI pitA kI taraha pUjya va AdaraNIya ho jAtA hai| manusmRti kA bhI yahI nirdeza hai- piteva pAlayet putrAn jyeSTho bhAtRn yavIyasaH / putravaccApi varteran jyeSThe bhAtari dharmataH (manusmRti- 9/108) / arthAt jyeSTha bhAI ko cAhie ki vaha choTe bhAiyoM ko pitA kI taraha pAle-pose aura choTe bhAiyoM ko bhI cAhie ki ve putra kI taraha raheM aura bar3e bhAI ko pitA-tulya sammAna deN|mhaabhaart ke anusAra, bar3e bhAI ko cAhie ki choTe bhAiyoM ko 'Atmavat' mAne- yathaivAtmA tathA bhrAtA, na vizeSo'sti kazcana (mahAbhArata, 11/ 15/15), arthAt jaisI apanI AtmA, vaise hI bhAI haiM, apanI AtmA aura bhAI meM koI antara nahIM hai| bar3e bhAI kA apane choTe bhAI ke prati bhI Adarza prema dekhanA ho to rAmAyaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| nAgapAza meM baMdha kara lakSmaNa ke marchita hone para vilApa karate hae rAma ne apane Adarza bhrAtR-prema ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| gosvAmI santa tulasIdAsa kI rAmAyaNa meM rAma dvArA abhivyakta kiye gae nimnalikhita vicAra-kaNa isa prasaMga meM ullekhanIya haiM: dvitIya khaNDa,325

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milai na jagata sahodara dhaataa| arthAt (lakSmaNa jaise) sahodara bhAI bArabAra (evaM sabhI ko) nahIM milA krte| jathA paMkha vinu khaga ati diinaa| mani binu phani karivara krhiinaa|| asa mama jivana baMdhu vinu tohii| jo jar3a daiva jiAvai mohii|| - arthAt jar3a bhAgya yadi mujhe lakSmaNa ke binA bhI jIvita rakhe to merA jIvana usI taraha zobhAhIna va niSprANa hogA jisa prakAra paMkha ke binA pakSI kA, maNi ke binA sarpa kA, sUMDa binA hAthI kA (jIvana) hotA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM bhI rAma apane bhAI lakSmaNa ke viSaya meM isa prakAra apane bhAva abhivyakta kara rahe haiM:- zakyA sItAsamA nArI, sarvaloke vicinvtaa| na lakSmaNasamo dhAtA, sacivaH sAmparAyikaH (vA.rAmA. 6/49/6) / arthAt samasta loka meM DhUMDhane nikalUM to zAyada sItA jaisI nArI to mila sakatI hai, kintu lakSmaNa jaisA yuddhakuzala va sahayogI bhAI nahIM mila sktaa| vaidika paramparA kI taraha jaina paramparA meM bhI bhAta-prema ke Adarza ko mAnyatA dI gaI hai| purANakAra jainAcArya jinasena ne spaSTa kahA haigurorasaMnidhau pUjyaH jyAyAn bhaataa'nujairiti| (AdipurANa- 34/92) - arthAt pitA (guru) ke na rahane para, choTe bhAiyoM ko cAhie ki jyeSTha bhAI ko pUjya samajhe / uparyukta vaicArika va sAMskRtika pariprekSya meM jaina va vaidika- ina donoM vicAradhArAoM se jur3e kucha kathAnakoM kA cayana kara yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| vardhamAna mahAvIra kA prathama kathAnaka jaina paramparA se sambaddha hai to bharata aura lakSmaNa ke kathAnaka vaidika paramparA se liye gaye haiN| ina sabhI kathAnakoM meM Adarza bhrAtRprema ke bhAratIya pArivArika vAtAvaraNa kA citraNa huA hai jo Aja sabhI ke lie preraNAspada hai| jaina dharga evaM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 326

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[1] varSamAna kI bhrAtRbhakti (jaina) bhagavAn mahAvIra jaina dharma ke antima tIrthaMkara the| ve janmajAta tIna jJAna (mati-zruta-avadhi) ke dhanI the| pUrva janmoM kI mahAna sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa unhoMne sarvocca gotra- tIrthaMkara gotra kA arjana kiyA thaa| __ mahAvIra kA janma kA nAma vardhamAna thaa| vardhamAna jaba mAtA trizalA ke garbha meM the, usa samaya garbha-bhAra ke kAraNa mAtA ko kaSTa hone lgaa| garbhastha zizu-vardhamAna ne mAtA kI pIr3A ko anubhava kiyaa| unhoMne aMgasaMcAlana roka diyaa| mAtA kI pIr3A samApta ho gii| parivAra ke pUjya/ jyeSTha sadasyoM ke prati vardhamAna kA jo Adara yA bhaktibhAva hai, usakA prArambhika rUpa ukta ghaTanA meM abhivyakta ho gayA thaa| prabhu kA janma huaa| yuvA hue| mAtA-pitA kI hara khuzI kA unhoMne dhyAna rakhA / isIlie vivAha bhI racAyA / prabhu jaba aTThAIsa varSa ke hue to atyalpa samaya meM unake mAtA-pitA svarga sidhAra ge| vardhamAna kA saMkalpa pUrNa huaa| vardhamAna ke bar3e bhAI nandIvardhana the| gRhatyAga ke lie unakI AjJA bhI Avazyaka thii| eka dina vardhamAna ne apane mana ke bhAva nandIvardhana se kahate hue unase dIkSA kI anumati cAhI "bhAI! merA lakSya mujhe pukAra rahA hai| mujhe gRha-tyAga kara agRhI- aNagAra honA hai| mujhe dIkSA kI anumati pradAna kara do|' ___ "vardhamAna!" vihvala hokara nandIvardhana bole- "bhAI! kyA kaha rahe ho! abhI to mAtA-pitA kA viyoga huA hai aura abhI tuma mujhase dUra jAne kI bAta kaha rahe ho| nahIM, vardhamAna! tumhArA viraha maiM saha nahIM paauuNgaa|" "pUjya agraja!' vardhamAna bole- "yaha to merI niyati hai| niyati ko ThukarAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| kama se kama gRhavAsa kI eka sImA to taya kara do!" "do varSa!'' nandIvardhana bole- "bhAI! do varSa taka mujhe chor3akara jAne kI bAta mata krnaa|" vardhamAna ne bhAI ke Adeza ke samakSa mastaka jhukA diyaa| dvitIya khaNDa/327

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pala-pala, ghar3I-ghar3I samaya sarakane lgaa| dina ke bAda rAta aura rAta ke bAda dina kramazaH vigata hone lge| mAsa bIte! RtaeM bItIM! nandIvardhana ne dekhA ki vardhamAna to ghara meM hai hI nhiiN| vardhamAna kI deha to mahaloM meM hai, para unakI AtmA unmukta ho cukI hai| vardhamAna ke rUpa meM unheM ghora-ghane jaMgaloM meM ekAnta sAdhanArata mahAsAdhaka ke darzana hue| nandIvardhana kI AtmA pukAra uThI "nandIvardhana! bandhana mata bana isa nirbandha ke lie| tU kise rokanA cAhatA hai? bhAI ko yA bhAI kI deha ko? bhAI to sadAkAla ke lie apratibandha ho cuke haiN| tere mAna ke kAraNa usakI deha avazya mahaloM meM hai|' nandIvardhana ne AtmA kI AvAja sunI aura vardhamAna ke pAsa jAkara bole- "vardhamAna! eka bhAI ke lie tumane apane lakSya ko do varSa pIche dhakela diyA hai| bhAI ke prati tuma jaise bhAI kA yaha bhaktibhAva sadAsadA ke lie pUjA kA viSaya bana gayA hai|" "aba tuma svataMtra ho! apane mArga para bddh'o| ajJAna aura vyathA kI dazA meM kasamasAte mAnava-samAja ko jJAna aura sanmArga kA amRta baaNtto|' vardhamAna cala par3e mAnava se mahAmAnava- nara se nArAyaNaaura AtmA se paramAtmA hone / kaSTakavalitoM- patitoM- saMtApitoM- pathabhUle janoM ke nAtha hone / sarvajJatA ke zikhara ke nikaTa khar3e eka bhAI kI eka saMsArastha bhAI ke prati ghaTI yaha bhrAtRbhakti; bhrAtRbhakti ke Adarza kA unmukta kaNTha se yazogAna karatI hai| [triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita se] [2] bhrAtRprema ke pUrNa pratIka- bharata (vaidika) hajAroM varSoM se bhAratavarSa meM jaba-jaba bhrAtRprema kI carcAeM huI haiM, taba-taba bhrAtR-bhakta bharata kA nAma kendra meM rahA hai| bharata ke bhrAtR-prema ne bhagavadbhakti kI parAkASThAoM ko chUA thaa| unakI bhakti rAma ke caraNoM meM ananya bhAva se jur3I thii| rAmacaritamAnasa ke ayodhyA kANDa meM bharata kA bhrAtR-prema mahAmahimA ke sAtha pragaTa huA hai| p jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/328)

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rAjya ke lie sAdhAraNa jana dharma-karma, mAna-maryAdA aura madhura riztoM ko vismRta kara dete haiN| lekina usI rAjya ko anAyAsa pAkara bhI bharata use asvIkAra kara dete haiN| rAma ke vanagamana kA kAraNa ve svayaM ko mAnate haiN| pitA kA aucaMdaihika kRtya karake ve rAma ko ayodhyA lauTA lAne ke lie cle| unake sAtha sainika aura ratha bhI cala rahe the| lekina bharata paidala calate haiN| nagna paira calane se unake kadamoM meM phaphole par3a gae, lekina unhoMne isakI paravAha nahIM kii| mArga meM calate hue jaba ve rAma ke caraNa-cinha bhUmi para aMkita dekhate haiM to usa raja ko uThAkara apane sira para dhAraNa kara lete haiN| santa tulasIdAsa ke zabdoM meM haraSahiM nirakhi rAma pada aNkaa| mAnahu~ pArasu pAyau rNkaa|| raja sira dhari hiyaM nayanahiM laavhiN| raghubara milana sarisa sukha paavhiN|| citrakUTa meM zrI rAma aura bharata kA milana hotA hai| bharata bhAI rAma ke caraNoM para mastaka rakha kara unheM ayodhyA lauTane ke lie manAte haiN| rAma bhAI bharata ko kaNTha se lagA lete haiN| do bhAiyoM kA yaha apUrva milana dekhane ke lie taba indrAdi deva AkAza meM utara Ae the| ayodhyA ke rAjya ko rAma aura bharata donoM asvIkAra kara dete haiN| jaba koI bhI nirNaya nahIM ho pAtA to rAma bharata kI santuSTi ke lie unheM apanI caraNa-pAdukAeM de dete haiN| rAma kI caraNa-pAdukAoM ko mastaka para dhAraNa karake bharata ayodhyA lauTate haiN| unhoMne una pAdukAoM ko siMhAsana para AsIna kiyA aura svayaMsevaka kI bhAMti rAja-kAja dekhane lge| rAma jaMgala meM dharA para soeMge- isalie bharata ne bhI samasta rAjasI sukhoM ko parityAga kara diyaa| ayodhyA se bAhara nandigrAma meM bhUmi para kuza kA Asana lagAkara bharata rAtrI bitaate| nirantara caudaha varSa taka ve leTe nhiiN| baiThe-baiThe hI bhrAtR-yAda meM nimagna rhte| bharata ko vizvAsa thA ki caudaha varSa kI avadhi bitAne se pahale hI, unake prANa unakA sAtha chor3a deNge| aura yadi aisA nahIM hotA hai to - bIteM avadhi rahahiM jo praanaa| adhama kavana jaga mohi smaanaa|| lipIya khaNDa 329

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caudaha varSoM ke pazcAt rAma ayodhyA lauTe / punaH do bhAiyoM kA milana huaa| rAma ayodhyA ke rAjA bane / bharata ne jIvana bhara unake caraNoM kI sevA karake paramAnanda anubhava kiyaa| [3] bhrAtRbhakta zrI lakSmaNa vidika) rAma ke caraNoM meM lakSmaNa kA adbhuta anurAga jagatprasiddha hai| bhAI ke lie sarvasva balidAna karane vAle lakSmaNa kI mahimA bhI adbhuta hai| rAma vanavAsa jAne lage to lakSmaNa kA hRdaya vyAkula ho utthaa| unhoMne mAtA sumitrA se bhAI ke sAtha jAne kI anumati maaNgii| mAtA sumitrA ne lakSmaNa ko AjJA nahIM dii| lakSmaNa duHkhI hokara bole- "mAM! Aja kaSTa kAla meM kyA tumhArI dRSTi bhI rAma aura lakSmaNa meM svatva aura paratva kA bheda dekhane lagI? tumane to sadaiva rAma aura lakSmaNa ko do deha aura eka prANa mAnA hai| kyA lakSmaNa ke ayodhyA meM raha jAne para vaha eka prANa do khaNDoM meM nahIM baMTa jAegA?" ___ "tumhArA kathana akSarazaH satya hai, lakSmaNa!" mAtA sumitrA bolI- "tuma aura rAma merI dAyIM aura bAyIM AMkha ho|maiN nahIM cAhatI ki tuma donoM bhAI dUra rho| lekina phira bhI maiM tumheM anumati nahIM de pA rahI huuN|" ____ "aisI kauna sI vivazatA hai, mAtA!" lakSmaNa ne adhIra hokara pUchA- "apanI vivazatA spaSTa kiijie|" "lakSmaNa! tuma pratijJA lo ki rAma ko apane pitA dazaratha ke samAna, sItA ko mere samAna aura vana kI bhayAnaka aTaviyoM ko ayodhyA kI galiyoM ke samAna smjhoge|' sumitrA ne gaMbhIra hokara kahA- "yadi ye pratijJAeM tumheM svIkAra haiM to tuma apane agraja ke sAtha cale jaao|" / "mujhe svIkAra hai mAtA!" lakSmaNa harSAplAvita ho utthe| bole"bhrAtaprema kI ye kasauTiyAM banAkara Apane mujha para mahAn upakAra kiyA hai|" jAna kI sarakaNIka ekatA 3200

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lakSmaNa rAma kA anugamana karate hue vana ko cale ge| unhoMne sadaiva rAma ko pitRtulya mAnA, sItA ko mAtRtulya sthAna diyA aura vana kI aTaviyoM ko ayodhyA kI galiyAM smjhaa| bhAI ke lie lakSmaNa ne apane sarva-sukhoM kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| ve jaMgala meM apane hAthoM se parNakuTI banAte, khAne ke lie phala-phUloM kA prabandha karate aura rAtrI meM jAga kara paharA dete the| bhAI ke prati unake hRdaya meM kitanA sammAna thA- santa tulasIdAsa jI ke zabdoM meMsIya rAma pada aMka braaeN| lakhana calahiM maga dAhina laaeN| rAma ke pagacinhoM para kahIM unake paira na par3a jAeM-isake lie lakSmaNa anugamana karate hue bhI satata sAvadhAna rahate the| kaSTa ke samaya lakSmaNa sadaiva rAma ke Age rhe| dhanya hai lakSmaNa kA bhrAtRtva! bhrAtRbhakti! bhrAtRcaraNAnurAga! OOO uparyukta tIna samAna kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se yahAM bhrAtRbhakti kA saMkathana kiyA gayA hai| prathama kathAnaka meM jaina paramparA ke vardhamAna kI bhrAtabhakti kA varNana hai|srvjnytaa ke zikhara ke nikaTa khar3e vardhamAna apane bhAI nandIvardhana kI prasannatA ke lie apanI abhiniSkramaNa kI icchA ko azeSa kara dete haiN| vaidika paramparA ke dvitIya aura tRtIya kathAnakoM meM bharata aura lakSmaNa kI rAma ke prati aTUTa bhakti mukharita huI hai| donoM bhAI apane agraja rAma ke lie apanA sarvasva arpita kara dete haiN| jaina aura vaidika dhArAoM se cayanita ina puSpoM kI sugaMdha meM kitanA sAmya hai, yahI yahAM mananIya hai| dvitIya sAhu 331

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putra-putra tu (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) bhAratIya saMskRti meM 'pitA' ko pUjya va AdaraNIya mAnA jAtA hai| vaidika RSi kA vacana hai- AtmA pitustanUrvAsaH (Rgveda-8/3/ 24), arthAt putra pitA kI AtmA hai aura AzrayadAtA bhii| mahAbhArata meM pitA ke mahanIya sthAna kA isa prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai- pitA vai gArhapatyo'gniH (mahAbhArata- 12/108/7), arthAt pitA gArhapatya agni hai| ghara meM khAnA pakAne kI jo agni hotI hai, use gArhapatya agni kahate haiN| pratyeka vyakti jAnatA hai, isa agni ke binA bhojana bananA hI sambhava nahIM hai| jisa prakAra yaha agni parivAra ke sadasyoM ke jIvana-bharaNa kA sAdhana hai, usI prakAra pitA bhI apanI santatiyoM ke lie bharaNa-poSaNa prApta karane kA pramukha srota hotA hai| isa dRSTi se putra yA santati ke lie pitA kI pUjyatA svataHsiddha ho jAtI hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI pitA ko mahanIya sthAna prApta hai| jaina sAhitya meM putra zabda kI nirukti isa prakAra kI gaI prApta hotI hai:punAti pitaraM pAti vA pitRmaryAdAm iti putrH| (sthAnAMga-TIkA 493) -putra vaha hotA hai jo pitA kI rakSA kare, use pApamukta kare yA pitA dvArA sthApita maryAdA kA pAlana kre| bhAratIya saMskRti meM raghukulaziromaNi rAma kA jIvana-carita uparyukta pitR-sammAna kA jItA-jAgatA udAharaNa hai| pitA kI icchA ko vajana dhaga Adika dharma kI tArakRtika ekatA 332

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pUrA karane ke lie unhoMne rAja-siMhAsana se cyuta honA zreyaskara samajhA aura vanavAsa svIkAra kiyaa| kintu lobha, tRSNA Adi manovikAroM se grasta vyakti pArivArika AdarzoM kA ullaMghana karatA hI hai| aise kucha kuputroM ke udAharaNa bhI haiM jo lobha-grasta hokara pitA taka ke prati durvyavahAra karane se nahIM cuuke| lobha ke durbhAva ne unameM krUratA, nirdayatA, mAyA Adi duSpravRttiyoM ko saMvarddhita kiyA aura unheM putra se kuputra banA diyaa| naitika-anaitika vicAra se zUnya hokara bhautika sampatti nirantara saMgrahIta karate rahane kI pravRtti kA kAraNa hai- lobh| niyama, maryAdA aura viveka se AMkha mUMda kara prAptavya para samasta prayatnoM ko kendrita kara denA 'lobha' hai| padArtha meM sukha mAnane aura use khojane meM apanI sArI zaktiyoM ko niyojana kara denA 'lobha' hai| manuSya kA mana sukhAkAMkSI hai| mana svayaM paudgalika hai ataH usakI soca pudgala (bhautika padArtha) taka hI daur3a sakatI hai| vaha pudgala se sukha prApta karanA cAhatA hai| maMjila prApti ke lie use dhana AzrayabhUta pratIta hotA hai| dhana ko juTAne ke lie vaha apanI sArI UrjA ko lagA detA hai| vaha dhana ko 'kAma' pUrti kA sAdhana- ekamAtra sAdhana mAnatA hai, aura kAma ko Ananda-paramAnanda kA srota samajhatA hai| lobha ke viSaya meM eka bAta vizeSa hai ki vaha sadaiva apUrNa rahatA hai| manuSya lAkha-lAkha prayatna karake bhI lobha ko sampUrti nahIM de pAtA hai| vaha lakSyavihIna hai| lobha ke svarUpa kA digdarzana bhagavAn mahAvIra ne manuSya ko yoM karAyA thAjahA lAho tahA loho, lAhA loho pvddddhii| (uttarA. sU. 8/17) jaise-jaise lAbha-sampannatA bar3hatI jAtI hai, vaise-vaise lobha bar3hatA calA jAtA hai| lAbha lobha kI pUrti nahIM karatA, apitu use aura adhika bar3hA detA hai| jaina paramparA meM lobha aura parigraha kA ghaniSTha sambandha mAnA gayA hai| parigraha-vRtti eka mahAna vRkSa hai to lobha usakA eka moTA tanA hai (draSTavyaH praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, 1/5 sU. 93)|prigrh-vRtti manuSya ko krUra, nirdaya banA detI hai| jaina sAhitya meM isa prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai: sipIrA rANDa, 333

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saMgaNimittaM kuddho kalahaM rolaM karijja veraM vaa| pahaNejja va mArejja va marijejja va taha ya hammejja // (bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1147) -arthAta parigraha va lobha-Asakti ke kAraNa vyakti krodhI ho jAtA hai, lar3AI-jhagar3A karatA hai, vivAda karatA hai, vaira-virodha va mArapITa taka kara baiThatA hai, (kabhI-kabhI) dUsaroM dvArA mArA-pITA jAtA hai yA mara jAtA hai| uparyukta nirUpaNa ke Aloka meM lobhI putra kI gatividhiyoM kA hama anumAna lagA sakate haiN| lobhI putra ko apane pitA, mAtA, gurujanoM taka se durvyavahAra, vaira-virodha Adi karane meM koI saMkoca nahIM hotA aura vaha apane vinAza ko hI AmaMtrita karatA hai| isalie kahA gayA hai- loho savvaviNAsaNo (dazavaikAlika- 8/38), arthAt lobha samasta sadguNoM ko naSTa kara detA hai| lobhAndha vyakti apane uddezya kI pUrti meM kisI pArivArika vyakti ko bhI yadi bAdhaka mAnatA hai to vaha usakI hatyA taka karane ke lie tatpara ho jAtA hai:- pAsammi bahiNi-mAyaM sisu pi haNei kohaMdho (vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 67), arthAt krodhAndha vyakti nikaTavartI mAtA, bahina evaM mAsUma baccoM taka ko mArane laga jAtA hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI lobha ke duSpariNAmoM ko vividha rUpoM meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi vaidika saMskRti meM 'pitRdevo bhava' (taitti. upa. 1/11)-pitA ko devatA mAnane kI paramparA rahI hai, kintu krodhI putra pitA Adi gurUjanoM taka ko mArane para kaTibaddha ho jAtA hai:- kruddho hi saMmUDhaH san gurum Akrozati (gItA-zAMkarabhASya, 2/63) / kruddhaH pApaM na kuryAd kaH, kruddho hanyAd gurUnapi (vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, 5/55/ 4)-arthAt kruddha vyakti kauna-sA pApa nahIM karatA / vaha pitA Adi guru-janoM para Akroza karatA hai, unheM mAra bhI detA hai| eka anya sAhityakAra ne lobha ke kutsita rUpa ko isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA hai: lobho'tIva ca pApiSThastena ko na vshiikRtH| kiM na kuryAt tadAviSTa: pApaM paarthivsttmH|| pitaraM mAtaraM bhrAtRna gurun svjnbaandhvaan| hanti lobhasamAviSTo jano nAtra vicAraNA // jaina dharmAMtadika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 334)

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- lobha meM asIma pApa bharA huA hai| ina nIca lobha ne kisako vaza meM nahIM kiyA hai? usase AviSTa ho jAne para zreSTha rAjA bhI kauna-sA burA karma nahIM kara sakatA? lobhI prANI pitA, mAtA, bhAI, guru evaM apane bandhu bAndhavoM ko bhI mAra DAlatA hai| isa satya ke kathana meM koI anya vicAra yA tarka ko sthAna nahIM hai / [1] samrAT kUNika (jaina) magadha deza ke antargata rAjagRha nAma kA eka sundara nagara thaa| rAjA zreNika vahAM ke zAsaka the| unake bar3e putra abhayakumAra magadha sAmrAjya ke mahAmaMtrI the / ve bar3e buddhimAn aura kuzala rAjanItijJa the / nAvasthA meM rAjA zreNika sAdhAraNa rAjAoM kI taraha rAjasI aizvarya aura bhogavilAsoM meM DUbe rahate the / ve bauddhamatAvalambI the| vaizAlInareza gaNAdhyakSa ceTaka kI putrI sujyeSThA ke rUpapa-saundarya kI carcA sunakara zreNika mugdha ho uThe / unhoMne ceTaka se unakI putrI kI yAcanA kI | ceTaka zramaNopAsaka the / ve apanI putriyoM kA vivAha bhI jaina parivAra meM karanA cAhate the / zreNika bauddhamatAvalambI the / ceTaka ne unakA prastAva asvIkAra kara diyA / zreNika udAsa rahane lge| pitA kI udAsI kA kAraNa jAnakara unake putra abhayakumAra ne apane buddhibala se vaizAlI pahuMcakara sujyeSThA ke hRdaya meM zreNika ke lie anurAga utpanna kara diyA / sujyeSThA zreNika ke sAtha bhAgane ko taiyAra ho gii| sujyeSThA ne apanI choTI bahana celanA ko bhI apane sAtha calane ke lie taiyAra kara liyA / abhayakumAra ne vaizAlI ke mahala taka suraMga khudavA dii| rAjA zreNika suraMga mArga se vaizAlI ke mahala meM pahuMce / pUrvanizcita samayAnusAra sujyeSThA aura celanA pahale hI taiyAra thiiN| lekina bhavitavyatAvaza sujyeSThA apanI ratnapeTikA bhUla gii| vaha mahala meM ratnapeTikA lene calI gaI / taba taka mahalarakSaka sajaga ho ge| zreNika celanA ko sAtha lekara bhAga nikle| sujyeSThA chUTa gaI / celanA rAjagRha pahuMca gii| dvitIya khaNDa: 335

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vaha zIghra hI zreNika ke hRdaya kI sAmrAjJI bana baiThI aura paTarANI bana gii| bAda meM sujyeSThA sAdhvI bana gii| zreNika aura celanA meM gaharA anurAga thaa| celanA garbhavatI huii| garbhakAla meM use eka vicitra aura nikRSTa dohada utpanna huaa| use apane pati ke hRdaya kA mAMsa khAne kA dohada utthaa| usane yaha icchA chipA kara rakhI / phalasvarUpa vaha kRza hone lgii| zreNika ne celanA ke hRdaya kI icchA jAna lii| vikaTa samasyA thii| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI abhaya kI buddhi se hI saMbhava ho paayaa| celanA ne putra ko janma diyaa| use apane putra se ghRNA ho gaI ki jo putra garbha meM hI apane pitA kA kalejA khAnA cAhatA ho, vaha bhaviSya meM na jAne kyA kucha anartha kara sakatA hai| yaha socakara unase apane navajAta zizu ko ukarar3I para phiMkavA diyaa| ukarar3I para par3e isa navajAta zizu kI eka aMgulI murge ne khA lii| saMyogataH zreNika bhramaNa ko nikale to unheM vaha zizu mila gyaa| bAda meM bheda khulane para zreNika ko satya ghaTanA jJAta huii| pitRhRdaya zreNika ne putra ko punaH punaH kaNTha se lgaayaa| murge dvArA cabAI aMgulI meM pIpa par3a gaI thii| zreNika apane muMha se usa aMgulI kI pIpa ko cUsa kara bAhara nikAlate the| aMgulI kucha choTI raha gii| zizu kA nAma kUNika par3a gyaa| aparisIma lAr3a-pyAra se kUNika yuvA huaa| usakA vivAha kara diyA gyaa| taba taka abhayakumAra dIkSita ho cuke the| kUNika rAjyapipAsA se vyAkula thA / vaha socane lagA- mere pitA to bUr3he ho cuke haiM phira bhI siMhAsana se cipake haiN| rAjyalakSmI ke upabhoga kA samaya to yauvana kAla hI hotA hai| pitA yadi siMhAsana nahIM chor3eMge to maiM balAt unheM isake lie vivaza kara duuNgaa| rAjya-prApti kI usakI lAlasA bhar3aka utthii| usane kAlakumAra Adi apane bhAIyoM ko apane sAtha milAyA aura apane pitA ko kArAvAsa meM DAla diyaa| sAre rAjya meM AtaMka chA gyaa| kUNika se loga ghRNA karane lge| lauha piMjare meM banda zreNika se na to koI mila sakatA thA aura na hI unheM bhojana diyA jAtA thaa| celanA kA jIvana azrusAgara meM DUba gayA thaa| eka dina upayukta jana dhaga padika dharma kI sArakatika ekatA 336

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samaya para usane kUNika ko phaTakArA / use batAyA ki usake pitA usa se kitanA prema karate the / kUNika pazcAttApa meM DUba gayA / lauhadaNDa lekara vaha pitA ke piMjare ko tor3ane calA / kUNika ko lauhadaNDa lie Ate dekhakara zreNika ne samajhA ki Aja vaha apane putra ke hAthoM mArA jaaegaa| unhoMne putra ke hAthoM marane kI apekSA AtmahatyA ko ucita smjhaa| unhoMne hIre kI aMgUThI nigala kara prANa tyAga die / rAjya-prApti ke lie khUna kI nadiyAM bahAI jAtI rahI haiN| bhAI-bhAI kA zatru ho jAtA hai / putra pitA kA hantA ho jAtA hai / kRNika kA prasaMga isI satya kA sAkSya hai / bAdazAha auraMgajeba aisA hI eka prasaMga mugala itihAsa meM ghaTita huaa| mugala bAdazAha zAhajahAM ke putra kA nAma auraMgajeba thA / auraMgajeba ke tIna anya bhAI the, jinake nAma the- dArA, sUjA aura murAda / auraMgajeba bAlyakAla se hI bhArata kA bAdazAha banane kA sapanA dekhA karatA / yuvAvasthA meM usane socA ki kahIM usake pitA use uttarAdhikAra na deM, usane kapaTa kA Azraya liyaa| usane murAda ko apane sAtha milAkara apane pitA zAhajahAM se rAjasiMhAsana chIna liyaa| itanA hI nahIM, usane apane pitA ko hathakar3iyoM-ber3iyoM meM jakar3akara kAlakoTharI meM kaida kara diyaa| bhAI dArA ke virodha karane para auraMgajeba ne use AgarA meM eka cauka meM cinavA diyA / bAMda meM usane apane zeSa donoM bhAiyoM ko bhI dhokhA diyA / auraMgajeba ke lobha aura pitRvidveSa ko dikhAne vAlA eka prasaMga isa prakAra haizAhajahAM ko kArAvAsa meM pratyeka vastu sImita mAtrA meM dI jAtI thii| pAnI pIne ke lie use eka ghar3A diyA gayA thaa| akasmAt eka dina vaha ghar3A phUTa gyaa| zAhajahAM ne kArAvAsa ke nirIkSaka se eka anya ghar3A lAne ke lie khaa| nirIkSaka ko auraMgajeba kA Adeza thA ki usake pitA ko koI bhI vastu dene se pahale usakI anumati prApta kre| nirIkSaka ne auraMgajeba se zAhajahAM kI ghar3A mAMgane kI bAta khii| auraMgajeba cillAkara bolA- vaha pratidina ghar3e tor3a detA hai| use kaha do ki ghar3A nahIM milegA / nirIkSaka se apane putra auraMgajeba kA uttara sunakara zAhajahAM kA hRdaya hAhAkAra kara utthaa| usane kahA- "ve hindU, jinheM maiMne dvitIya zreNI kA nAgarika mAnA thA, ve hindU kitane zreSTha haiM jo apane pitA ke marane ke bAda usakA zrAddha karate haiM aura yaha apane jIvita bApa ko bhI eka ghar3A nahIM de rahA hai|" kahakara vRddha - vivaza, bandhanoM meM baMdhA zAhajahAM ro par3A thaa| saMsArastha jana putroM se sukha kI AzA karate haiM lekina saMsAra kI vicitratA hai kitanI hI bAra putra, kuputra banakara ghora duHkha kA kAraNa bana jAte haiN| dvitIya khaNDa 337

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[2] mathurA-nareza : kaMsa vidita) vidhi kA vidhAna vicitra hotA hai| aneka bAra hiraNyakazipu jaise adharmI aura pApAtmAoM ko prahlAda jaise bhagavadbhakta putra prApta hote haiM aura aneka bAra ugrasena jaise dharmaprANa puruSoM ko kaMsa jaise duSTa aura uddaNDa putroM kI prApti hotI hai| mathurA ke rAjA ugrasena dharmAtmA, prajAvatsala aura nyAyazIla zAsaka the| unake putra kA nAma kaMsa thaa| kaMsa kA jIvana apane pitA ke virodhI guNoM- durguNoM se ApUrita thaa| vaha krUra aura anyAyI thaa| yauvana aura prabhusattA ke saMyoga ne use uddaNDa aura ucchRkhala banA diyA thaa| kaMsa kI bahana devakI kA vivAha vasudeva se nizcita huaa| vivAha ke samaya kaMsa kI patnI aura prativAsudeva jarAsandha kI putrI jIvayazA ne madirA ke naze meM cUra hokara niyama aura maryAdAoM kA ullaMghana kiyaa| usa samaya AkAzavANI huI- devakI kI AThavIM saMtAna ke rUpa meM kaMsa kA kAla (vinAzaka) janma legaa| AkAzavANI ne kaMsa ke hoza ur3A die| usane devakI aura vasudeva ko kAlakoTharI meM DAla diyaa| putra ke isa kRtya para pitA ugrasena ko bar3A duHkha huaa| unhoMne kaMsa kI bhartsanA kI, pratAr3anA dii| unhoMne kaMsa kA virodha kiyaa| ahaMkAra aura lobha ke naze meM matta kaMsa ne apane pitA mahArAja ugrasena ko bandI banAkara kArAgRha meM DAla diyA aura svayaM rAjagaddI para baiTha gyaa| isase kaMsa kA bhArI apayaza haA, lekina bhayavaza kisI ne mukhara virodha karane kA sAhasa nahIM kiyaa| bhavitavyatA ko TAlA nahIM jA sakatA / kaMsa ne bhI sahasrazaH upAya kie apanI mRtyu ko TAlane ke, lekina vaha asaphala rhaa| mAtA devakI kI AThavIM saMtAna- zrIkRSNa gokula meM pale aura bddh'e| phira eka dina unhoMne kaMsa jaise atyAcArI adharmI zAsaka ko samApta karake dharmAtmAoM kI rakSA kii| unhoMne apane mAtA-pitA ko bandIgRha se mukta karAyA tathA jaina dharma dhAdika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 3360

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apane nAnA mahArAja ugrasena ke bandhana todd'e| zrIkRSNa ne punaH ugrasena ko hI mathurA kA rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna kiyaa| - rAjya ke lobhI ahaMkArI kaMsa rUpI adharma kA patana huaa| aura dharmaprANa mahArAja ugrasena rUpI dharma kA punarutthAna huaa| [draSTavyaH bhAgavatapurANa, 10/67-69 adhyAya]| OOO lobha samasta durguNoM kA udgama-sthala hai, saba pApoM kA mUlakendra hai| prasiddha Alocaka AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne lobhI vyakti ko pratAr3ita karate hue kahA thA ___ "lobhiyoM! tumhArA akrodha, tumhArA indriya-nigraha, tumhArI mAnApamAna-samatA, tumhArA tapa anukaraNIya hai| tumhArI niSThuratA, tumhArI nirlajjatA, tumhArA aviveka, tumhArA anyAya vigarhaNIya hai| tuma dhanya ho| tumheM dhikkAra hai|" ___ lobha viparIta soca kA pariNAma hai| viparIta soca yaha hotI hai ki 'kAma-bhoga meM sukha hai'| sahI soca yaha hai ki sukha kA mUla yoga hai| samAdhi hai| dhyAna hai| use alobha se hI sAdhA jA sakatA hai| alobha viveka, jJAna aura maryAdA se utpanna hotA hai| lobha kI parAkASThA para jIne vAle ye kucha aise aitihAsika kuputroM ke kathAnaka Upara die gae haiM, jinhoMne rAjya ke lobha meM apane pUjya pitAoM taka ko kArAvAsa meM DAla diyA thaa| kUNika jaina paramparA se sambaddha hai to kaMsa vaidika paramparA se| auraMgajeba bhAratIya itihAsa kA jvalanta pAtra rahA hai| lobha yAnI rAjya kA lobha / vaha hindU meM ho, musalamAna meM ho yA jaina meM ho, eka hI pariNAma detA hai- krUratA! hiMsA! anyAya! maryAdAoM kA antima sImA taka atikramaNa! kAla, paramparA aura pAtroM kI dRSTi se ye tInoM kathAnaka bhinna haiN| parantu inakA sAmya abhinna hai| dvitIya tagaDa 339

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vAmana aura virATa -laka (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) bhAratIya darzanoM kA cintana hai-aNu meM mahat chipA huA hai| choTe-se bIja meM pUrA vRkSa chipA huA hotA hai|aatmaa meM paramAtmA nihita hai| sAdhAraNa aura nirbala se dikhAI dene vAle mAnava meM kitanI zakti aura virAT svarUpa chipA huA hai, yaha cintana kA viSaya hai| vaidika paramparA ke advaita darzana meM mAnya brahma tattva ko sUkSma aura mahAn se mahAn batAyA gayA hai- aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn (kaThopaniSad, 1/2/20, zvetA. upa. 3/20)-arthAt brahma aNu se bhI aNu hai to mahAn se bhI mahAn hai| yaha sArA jagat samaSTi rUpa meM 'brahma' hai- brahmaivedaM vizvamidaM variSTham (muNDaka upa. 2/2/11)- yaha sArA jagat sarvazreSTha brahma ke alAvA kucha nahIM hai| sarvavyApinamAtmAnaM kSIre sapirivArpitam (zvetA. upa. 1/16), arthAt AtmA usI prakAra sarvavyApI hai, jaise dUdha meM ghRt| AtmA kI isa mahanIya zakti kA AMzika AbhAsa hameM dainika jIvana meM hameM isa rUpa meM milatA hai ki dehabala kI apekSA Atma-bala vAle apanA adhika prabhAva sthApita karane meM saphala hote haiN| vaidika-sAhitya meM kahA gayA hai- bRhantaM cid ahate randhayAni (Rgveda, 10/28/9)arthAt Atmabala se nirbala bhI balavAn ko vaza meM kara lete haiN| isI prakAra, anyatra bhI kahA gayA hai- lopAzaH siMha pratyaJcamatsAH (Rgveda, 10/28/4), arthAt Atmabala se gIdar3a bhI zera ko bhagA detA hai| jaina dharma kAdika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 340

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AtmIya bala kA prayoga usa samaya adhika apekSita mAnA gayA hai jaba kisI pApI ke hAthoM kisI vyakti, samAja yA rASTra ko yA usake sammAna ko kSati pahuMca rahI ho, athavA samAja meM anyAya ho rahA ho, aura usakA pratIkAra karanA atyAvazyaka ho / pratIkAra ke abhAva meM anyAya ko bala milatA hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai pratiSeddhA hi pApasya yadA lokeSu vidyte| - tadA sarveSu lokeSu pApakRnnopapadyate // (mahAbhArata- 1/180/9) -yadi anyAya kA koI pratIkAra karane vAlA khar3A ho jAtA hai, to phalasvarUpa koI pApakartA yA aparAdhI sAmane nahIM aataa| isIlie yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki anyAya ko mUka hokara sahate jAnA anyAya ko baDhAvA denA hI hai| pratyeka AtmA meM adbhuta virAT zakti nihita hai, isa sambandha meM jaina manISiyoM ke vicAra yahAM ullekhanIya haiM-AtmA meM ananta zakti hai, kintu karmo ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa vaha zakti pUrNataH abhivyakta nahIM ho paatii|aatmaa meM paramAtmA svarUpa chipA huA hai, jyoMhI karma-mala se vaha mukta hogI, paramAtmA kA svarUpa abhivyakta ho jAegA-kammakalaMkavimukko paramappA bhaNNae devo (mokSaprAbhRta, 5) / kSamatA kI dRSTi se yaha AtmA 'acintyazaktizAlI deva' hai- acintyazaktiH svayameva devaH (samayasArakalaza, 144) / samasta lokAkAza-pradezoM kA jo samagra parimANa hai, utane kSetra taka vyApaka hone kI kSamatA AtmA meM hai, aura vaha apanI viziSTa avagAhana-zakti ke kAraNa, upalabdha aNuzarIra meM aNurUpa ho jAtA hai to mahAn zarIra meM mahAn ho jAtA hai: nizcayena lokmaatro'pi| viziSTAvagAhapariNAmazaktiyuktatvAt nAmakarmanirvRttamaNu mahacca zarIramadhitiSThan (paMcAstikAya para amRtacandrAcArya kRta tattvapradIpikA vRtti)| nizcayena lokAkAzapradezapramitaH (vahIM, jayasenakRta tAtparyavRtti ttiikaa)| kucha viziSTa paristhitiyoM meM mukti prApta karane se pUrva, sarvajJatIrthaMkara Adi 'lokapUraNasamudghAta' karate haiM, jisameM unake Atma-pradeza samasta loka meM vyApta hokara punaH pUrvarUpa meM avasthita ho jAte haiN| . mitIya sara 341

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isa prakAra jaina paramparA AtmA meM lokavyApI hone kI kSamatA svIkAra karatI hai, aura aNu va mahat donoM prakAra ke zarIroM ke anurUpa AtmA kI sthiti ko sambhava mAnatI hai| vaha vAmana bhI ho sakatI hai aura virATpatA bhI prApta kara sakatI hai| anyAya ke pratIkAra hetu apanI AtmIya zakti kA prayoga karanA nyAyocita hai- aisA aneka jaina aitihAsika jIvana-caritoM ke anuzIlana se jJAta hotA hai| eka jaina AcArya kA yaha kathana isa prasaMga meM samarthana detA huA pratIta hotA hai- atthegaiyANaM jIvANaM baliyattaM saahuu| (bhagavatI sUtra- 12/2) / arthAt dharmaniSTha AtmAoM kA balavAn (AtmIya zakti se sampanna) honA acchA hai| jaina AcArya guNabhadra ne 'uttarapurANa' meM isa sambandha meM spaSTa nIti-nirdeza diyA hai, jo mananIya hai: dharmadhvaMse satAM dhvaMsaH, tasmAd dharmadruho'dhamAn / nivArayanti ye santo rakSitaM taiH satAM jagat // (uttarapurANa, 76/418) -dharma yadi naSTa ho gayA to santa-mahAtmAoM kI paramparA bhI svataH naSTa ho jAegI, isalie jo santa-mahAtmA adhama dharmadrohiyoM (ke prabhAva)ko rokate haiM, ve santa-saMsAra kI hI rakSA kara rahe hote haiN| uparyukta vaicArika pariprekSya meM vaidika va jaina- ina donoM vicAradhArAoM se sambaddha kathAnaka yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM jinameM dharmamaryAdA kI rakSA hetu apane virATa rUpa se samasta loka ko vyApta karane kI ghaTanA ghaTita huI hai| vaidika paramparA ke viSNu svayaM paramAtmA haiM, para unhoMne vAmana rUpa banAkara dikhAyA aura anta meM virATa rUpa se sampUrNa brahmANDa ko do hI kadamoM meM nApa diyaa| jaina paramparA ke muniviSNukumAra ne bhI AtmA kI lokavyApinI zakti ko prakaTa kiyA aura do kadamoM se sampUrNa bharatakSetra ko nApa liyA / dekhie- vAmana aura virAT svarUpa ko| jana ga pa iMdika dharma kI sAMskRtIka ekatA 3422 0

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[1] muni viSNukumAra hastinApura-nareza mahArAja padmottara ke do putra the-viSNukumAra aura mahApadma / viSNukumAra bAlyAvasthA se hI vairAgyazIla the| pitA ne jaba unheM rAjyasiMhAsana denA cAhA to unhoMne ise vinamratApUrvaka asvIkAra kara diyaa| unhoMne sAdhanAmaya jIvana jIne kA apanA saMkalpa apane pitA ko batA diyaa| eka dina jaina muniyoM kA hastinApura meM Agamana huaa|vissnnukumaar muni banane ko tatpara hue| rAjA padmottara ne apane laghu putra mahApadma ko rAjya-bhAra soMpakara viSNukumAra kA anugamana kiyaa| mahApadma bhU-maNDala ke chaH khaNDa jIta kara nauveM cakravartI bne| muni viSNukumAra ne ugra tapa prAraMbha kara diyaa| ve sumerU parvata kI kandarAoM meM ekAnta samAdhi meM lIna rahate the| unheM aneka labdhiyAM anAyAsa upalabdha ho giiN| ujjayinI-nareza zrIvarma kA eka amAtya thAnamuci / namuci dharma-dveSI thaa| eka bAra suvratAcArya ujjayinI pdhaare| eka laghumuni se namuci ne zAstrArtha kiyA aura parAjita ho gyaa| usane ise apanA apamAna smjhaa| rAtrI meM talavAra lekara vaha muni kA vadha karane phuNcaa| lekina zAsanadevI ne use staMbhita kara diyaa| subaha sabhI ko namuci ke nIca vicAroM kI khabara milii| sabhI ne use dhikkArA / rAjA ne use apane deza se nikAla diyaa| namuci hastinApura phuNcaa| usane mahApadma cakravartI ke mana meM jagaha banA lI aura vahAM bhI amAtya kA pada pA gyaa| eka bAra namaci ne vahAM rAjyahita meM koI bar3A kAma kiyaa| mahApadma ne prasanna hokara use vara mAMgane ko khaa| namuci ne vara ko mahApadma ke pAsa surakSita rakha chodd'aa| samaya gujaratA rhaa| ekadA suvratAcArya muni-saMgha ke sAtha hastinApura aae| muni saMgha ke Agamana kI sUcanA namuci ko milii| usake bhItara chipI vaira kI ciMgArI pada ke ahaMkAra kI havA pAkara dAvAnala bana gii| usane muni se badalA lenA caahaa| mahApadma ke pAsa surakSita vara usane sAta dina ke rAjya ke rUpa meM prApta kara liyaa| zikIrA samAe 32

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namuci sAta dina ke lie chaH khaNDa kA rAjA thA / use cAroM - ora se badhAI saMdeza mile| lekina jaina santoM ne use badhAI nahIM dI / pahale namune ghoSaNA karA dI - "tIna dina ke bhItara samasta jaina muni usake rAjya kI sImAoM ke bAhara cale jaaeN| aisA na karane para unheM mRtyudaNDa diyA jAegA / " isa ghoSaNA se sarvatra bhaya phaila gyaa| muni jAeM to kahAM jAeM? chaH khaNDoM se bAhara ve jA nahIM sakate the / suvratAcArya ne muni saMgha ko apane pAsa bulAyA aura bole - " muniyoM! jina - zAsana para saMkaTa hai| isa saMkaTa se kevala viSNu muni hI muniyoM kI rakSA kara sakate haiN| lekina ve itanI dUra haiM ki una taka isa atyalpa samaya meM pahuMca jAnA kaThina hai / " eka yuvA muni ne kahA- " AcArya deva! isa tIna dina ke atyalpa samaya meM maiM muni viSNukumAra taka pahuMca to sakatA hUM, lekina punaH lauTa nahIM sakatA huuN|" AcArya bole - " mune! lauTane kI cintA mata kro| basa viSNumuni ko sUcanA bhara mila jAe, yahI paryApta haiM / " yuvA muni viSNu muni ke pAsa pahuMce aura unase namuci ke duSTa Adeza kI bAta btaaii| viSNu muni ne sthiti samajhI aura tatkAla AkAza mArga se hastinApura phuNce| unhoMne namuci ko nAnAvidha vidhiyoM se samajhAne kA yatna kiyaa| lekina ahaMkAra ke naze meM DUbe namuci ne mahAmuni kI eka na sunii| viSNu muni bole - "namuci! maiM tumhAre mahArAja kA jyeSTha bhAI hUM / mere kahane se kucha sthAna to muniyoM ke lie de do / " " tIna kadama!" namuci dhUrtatA se haMsA - "maiM itanI hI dayA kara sakatA huuN| maiM tIna kadama bhUmi muniyoM ko de sakatA huuN|" | viSNu muni gaMbhIra hote hue bole- "to tIna kadama hI sahI / " viSNu muni ne vidyA-bala se apanA AkAra eka lAkha yojana kA banA DAlA / unhoMne do kadamoM meM hI chaH khaNDoM ko nApa diyaa| tIsarA kadama uThAkara ve bole - "duSTa namuci! bola yaha tIsarA kadama kahAM rakhUM ?" mahAmuni ke isa rUpa se graha-nakSatroM kI gati Dola gii| devagaNoM mahAmuni se apanA rUpa sameTane kI prArthanA kii| mahApadma cakravartI daur3a kara Ae aura muni viSNukumAra se kSamA mAMgane lage / mahAmuni ne apanI vidyA sameTa lii| jina dharma kI jaya huI | jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 344

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00 mahApadma ne namuci ke lie mRtyudaNDa kI ghoSaNA kii| lekina karuNAsindhu viSNumuni ne usake prANoM kI rakSA kii| rAjA ne use apamAnita karake deza-nikAlA de diyaa| muniyoM kI rakSA kA vaha dina rakSA-divasarakSAbaMdhana ke tyauhAra ke rUpa meM Aja bhI bhAratavarSa meM harSollAsa-sahita manAyA jAtA hai| [triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita me] [2] daityarAja bali aura vAmana avatAra (vaidika) bali kA janma daityakula meM huA thaa| daityakula meM utpanna bali meM apane pitAmaha bhakta-zreSTha prahlAda ke aneka guNa janmajAta the| ve parama brAhmaNabhakta aura udAra hRdaya ke svAmI the| apane pitA virocana ke pazcAt bali daityezvara bne| maharSi durvAsA ke zApa se indra kI zrI naSTa ho gii| daityezvara bali ke lie yaha upayukta avasara thaa| usane svarga para AkramaNa kara diyaa| devatA parAjita hue| bali kA svarga para adhikAra ho gyaa| devoM ne bhagavAn viSNu se sahAyatA maaNgii| bhagavAn ne indra ko bali se sandhi karane kA nirdeza diyaa| sandhi ke pazcAt bhagavAn ke nirdeza para deva aura daityoM ne milakara kSIrasAgara kA manthana kiyaa| anya aneka ratnoM ke atirikta, viSa aura amRta bhI sAgara-manthana se utpanna hue| viSapAna mahAdeva ne kiyaa| - amRta-kalaza ko lekara daitya unmatta ho utthe| bhagavAn ne mohinI rUpa dhAraNa karake amRta kalaza daityoM se lekara devoM ko de diyaa| satya se paricita hokara daitya krodhita ho utthe| punaH bhayaMkara devAsura-saMgrAma chir3a gyaa| bhagavatkRpA aura amRta ke prabhAva se devatAoM ne daityoM ko ghora parAjaya dii| daitya bhAga ge| daityoM ke guru zukrAcArya ne saMjIvanI zakti se mRta aura ghAyala asuroM ko svastha bnaayaa| parAjaya se pIr3ita bali ne zukrAcArya ke dizAnirdezana meM vizvajit yajJa kiyaa| agni ne prasanna hokara bali ko akSaya aura akATya dvitIya khaNDa/345

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divyAstra pradAna kie| daityarAja bali aparAjita ho ge| daityoM kI bhArI senA ke sAtha bali ne punaH svarga para AkramaNa kara diyaa| devoM kI parAjaya ke prati devaguru bRhaspati ne devoM ko yuddha na karane kI sammati dii| devatA bhAga ge| svarga para punaH bali kA adhikAra ho gyaa| sau azvamedha yajJa pUrNa kie binA koI niyamita indra nahIM bana sakatA, yahI vicAra karake zukrAcArya ne bali se azvamedha yajJa karAne prAraMbha kara die| devamAtA aditi apane putroM kI durdazA para atyanta kSubdha thii| vaha apane pati-maharSi kazyapa ke pAsa pahuMcI aura apanA duHkha nivedana kiyaa| maharSi ne aditi ko bhagavAn kI ArAdhanA karane ko khaa| aditi ne vaisA hI kiyaa| bhagavAna viSNu pragaTa hue| unhoMne kahA-"aditi! bali dharmAtmA aura brAhmaNabhakta hai| use daNDa nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| lekina merI ArAdhanA kabhI niSphala nahIM jAtI hai| maiM aisA yatna karUMgA ki tumhAre putroM kA khoyA huA vaibhava unheM punaH prApta ho jaae|" bhagavAn viSNu aditi ke udara se vAmana rUpa meM avatarita hue| maharSi kAzyapa ne unakA yajJopavIta saMskAra kiyaa| vAmana rUpI viSNu hAtha meM chatra, palAzadaNDa aura kamaNDalu lekara narmadA ke taTa kI ora cale, jahAM daityezvara bali sauvAM azvamedha yajJa kara rahe the| usa atyanta tejasvI vAmana ne yajJazAlA meM praveza kiyaa| bali vAmana ko dekhakara gadagada ho ge| bhalIbhAMti svAgata karake tathA siMhAsana para baiThAkara bali ne vAmana ke caraNa dhoe| phira karabaddha hokara bole "vAmanadeva! apane Agamana kA uddezya batAkara mujhe kRtArtha kiijie|" "maiM kucha pAne kI AzA se tumhAre pAsa AyA hUM!" vAmana bole- "kyA merI AzA saphala hogI?" "avazya vAmanadeva!'' bali bole- "Adeza kiijie| triloka kA sAmrAjya Apake caraNoM meM arpita hai|" "akiMcana brAhmaNa ko tIna loka kA sAmrAjya nahIM caahie|" vAmana ne kahA- "mujhe kevala tIna kadama bhUmi caahie|" jaina dharma evaM udika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 346)> e

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bali hNse| bole- "mAtra tIna kadama bhUmi! ApakI AzA avazya pUrNa hogii| Apako bhUmi milegI / " zukrAcArya ne bali ko cetAyA / ve samajha cuke the ki vAmanarUpa meM svayaM viSNu unake samakSa haiM aura ve tIna kadama meM sampUrNa brahmANDa ko nApa ne kI kSamatA rakhate haiN| lekina bali ne zukrAcArya kI bAta nahIM mAnI aura bole - " maiMne jo vacana diyA hai use maiM prANa dekara bhI pUrA karUMgA / " bali ke uttara se rUSTa hokara zukrAcArya ne unheM zApa diyA - "daityezvara ! tUne merI AjJA kI avajJA kI hai / ataH terA yaha aizvarya zIghra naSTa ho jAegA / " bali ke bhUmidAna kA saMkalpa lene para vAmana rUpI bhagavAn viSNu ne apanA rUpa vizAla banAyA / unhoMne do kadamoM meM hI sampUrNa brahmANDa ko nApa DAlA / tRtIya kadama uThAkara viSNu bole - " daityarAja ! tujhe apane rAjya aura zakti kA bar3A abhimAna thA / maiMne tumhAre sampUrNa rAjya ko do kadamoM meM hI nApa DAlA hai / bola! yaha tRtIya kadama kahAM rakhUM ?" bali bole - "prabhu ! sampatti kA svAmI sampatti se bar3A hotA hai / Apane do kadama meM merA pUrA sAmrAjya le liyA hai| tRtIya kadama ke lie maiM svayaM ko arpita karatA hUM / merA zarIra grahaNa kIjie bhagavan / " daityezvara bali ke prastAva ko svIkAra karate hue bhagavAn viSNu ne apanA tRtIya kadama unakI deha para rakha diyA / bali kI deha naSTa ho gaI / mahAn dAna dekara bali sadA-sarvadA ke lie amara ho ge| bhagavAn viSNu bali kI bhakti se atIva prasanna hue / unhoMne bali ko nijadhAma pradAna karate hue kahA "vatsa! tuma indra bananA cAhate the| maiM svayaM tumheM agale sAvarNI manvantara meM indra pada para baiThAUMgA / " daityakula meM utpanna daityarAja bali kI amara kIrti trilokoM aura trikAloM meM amara ho gii| [draSTavyaH bhAgavata purANa- 8/18-23 adhyAya ] uparyukta donoM kathAnakoM meM jo samAnatA hai, vaha sahaja anubhUtigamya ho rahI hai| pAtra aura sthiti jarUra dvitIya khaNDa: 347

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bhinna-bhinna haiM, kintu divya camatkAra donoM meM samAna hai| sampUrNa bhUmaNDala ko do hI kadamoM meM nApa dene kA vizruta kathAnaka jaina aura vaidika donoM paramparAoM ke paurANika granthoM meM sUkSma antara ke sAtha upalabdha hotA hai| jaina paramparA ke mahAmuni viSNukumAra zramaNasaMgha kI rakSA ke lie apane tapa ke bala se sampUrNa bhUmaNDala ko do hI kadamoM meM nApa kara namuci ke dharmadveSI-atyAcArI zAsana kA anta kara dete haiN| vaidika paramparA ke vizruta kathAnaka meM svayaM bhagavAn viSNu devatAoM kI rakSA ke lie vAmanAvatAra grahaNa karate haiM aura daityezvara bali se tIna kadama bhUbhAga kI yAcanA karate haiN| daityezvara bali kI svIkRti para bhagavAn vAmana apanA rUpa vizAla banAkara sampUrNa brahmANDa ko do hI kadamoM meM nApa dete haiN| bhUmaNDalaparimApana kI yaha mAnyatA donoM paramparAoM meM paryApta sAmyabhAva se prApta hotI hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra muni viSNukumAra dvArA zramaNa saMgha kI rakSA kA vaha dina rakSAbandhana ke tyauhAra ke rUpa meM Aja taka pracalita hai| do saMskRtiyoM kI samaveta svarAaliyAM va bhAvAaliyAM ina kathAnakoM meM antarnihita haiN| eka bAta yahAM ullekhanIya hai| vaidika paramparA meM paramAtmA paramadayAlu hotA hai to jaina muni pUrNataH ahiNsk| kintu yahAM donoM kA ugra rUpa prakaTa huA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki anyAya ko rokane ke lie hI unhoMne apanI zakti kA prayoga kiyA hai| anyAya ko rokanA kabhI kabhI (apavAda rUpa meM) parama Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| anyathA samagra naitika maryAdAoM ke lupta hone kA khatarA rahatA hai| anyAya ko rokane meM donoM vicAradhArAoM/paramparAoM kI svIkRti ko ina kathAnakoM ne vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| jaina dharma vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/348

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ceom mRtyu kA satya Mas (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) 25 mRtyu jIvana kA antima aura sabase bar3A satya hai / jo janma letA hai vaha eka dina avazya maratA hai| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya Astika vicAradhArAoM meM mRtyu ke ukta satya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA meM mahAbhAratakAra maharSi vyAsa kA kathana hai- mRtyunAbhyAhato loko jarayA parivAritaH ( mahAbhA. 12/277/9 ) / arthAt vRddhAvasthA isa samasta loka ko gheratI hai aura mRtyu vinaSTa karatI rahatI hai / suttaM vyAghro mRgamiva mRtyurAdAya gacchati ( mahAbhA. 12 / 175/18 ) / arthAt jaise koI vyAghra soye hue mRga ko uThAkara le jAtA hai, usI prakAra mRtyu bhI prANI ko (acAnaka) uThAkara le jAtI hai / mahAbhArata meM hI anyatra kahA gayA hai:saMcinvAnakamevainaM kAmAnAmavitRptakam / vRkIvoraNamAsAdya mRtyurAdAya gacchati // ( mahAbhA. 12/277/18-19) - nitya saMcaya (parigraha) meM lage hue aura kAmanAoM kI tRpti na kara pAte hue prANI ko mRtyu usI prakAra pakar3a kara le jAtI hai jaise vyAghrI bher3a ke bacce ko le jAtI hai| veda tathA upaniSad ke RSiyoM kI vANI meM bhI yahI svara udghoSita huA hai- mRtyubandhavaH... manavaH smasi (Rgveda- 3/2/10) / arthAt hama sabhI manuSya mRtyu ke bandhana meM haiM / yadidaM sarvaM mRtyorannam dvitIya khaNDa/349

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(bRhadA. 3/2/10) / arthAt yaha jo kucha hai, vaha saba mRtyu kA anna (khAdya) hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI mRtyu kI anivAryatA ke satya ko bAra-bAra udghoSita kiyA gayA hai: jaheha sIho va miyaM gahAya, madhU naraM nei hu antkaale| na tassa mAyA va piyA va bhAyA, kAlammi tammiM'saharA bhvNti|| (uttarA. 13/22) -jisa prakAra siMha hiraNa ko pakar3a kara le jAtA hai, usI taraha anta samaya meM mRtyu bhI manuSya ko uThA le jAtI hai| usa samaya, mAtA-pitA, bhAI Adi koI bhI usake duHkha ko bAMTa nahIM sakate, paraloka meM usake sAtha nahIM jaate| seNe jahA vaTTayaM hare, evaM AyukhayaMmi tuttttii|| (sUtrakR. 1/2/1/2) - jaise bAz2a cir3iyA para jhapaTa kara use uThA le jAtA hai, vaise hI AyuSya pUrNa hone para kAla pakar3a kara le jAtA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI ukta satya kA pUrNatayA samarthana kiyA huA dRSTigocara hotA hai- evamabbhAhato loko maccunA ca jarAya ca (suttanipAta- 34/8) / arthAt samasta loka mRtyu va vRddhAvasthA se AkrAnta hai| suttaM gAmaM mahogho va maccu AdAya gacchati (dhammapada- 4/4) / arthAt jaise jala-pravAha sote hue pUre gAMva ko dahA kara le jAtA hai, vaise hI mRtyu (Asakta) vyakti ko lekara calI jAtI hai| cUMki jIvana prakAza hai aura mRtyu andhakAra hai, isalie prakAza kA pujArI manuSya-jIvana se prema aura mRtyu se ghRNA karatA hai| vaha mRtyu se bhayabhIta rahatA hai| mRtyu se bhAganA aura sadA-sarvadA ke lie vaha parimukta honA cAhatA hai| kintu mRtyu to avazyaMbhAvI hai, usase koI baca nahIM paataa| bhAratIya manISiyoM ne mRtyu-darzana ke eka anya siddhAnta ko pratipAdita kara logoM ko mRtyu-bhaya se mukta hone kA maarg-dikhaayaa| vaha siddhAnta thA'AtmA kabhI nahIM mrtii| mRtyu prANI ke deha AtmA ko alaga karatI hai| mRtyu ke anantara-prANI kI AtmA nayA janma dhAraNa kara nayA deha dhAraNa karatI hai| usake naye janma kI paristhitiyoM kA nirmANa, prANI dvArA kiye gaye karmoM ke anurUpa, hotA hai| vaidika paramparA kI gItA meM spaSTa kahA gayA jaina dharma meM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 3500

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hai- antavanta ime dehA nityasyoktAH zarIriNaH (gItA- 2/18) / dehino'smina yathA dehe kaumAraM yauvanaM jraa| tathA dehAntaraprAptiH, dhIrastatra na muhyati // (gItA-2/13) -yaha jo zarIrI (AtmA) hai, vaha nitya hai, usake jo deha haiM ve nAzavAn haiN| jisa prakAra zarIra meM kumArAvasthA AtI hai aura calI jAtI hai, phira yuvAvasthA AtI hai aura calI jAtI hai, phira vRddhAvasthA AtI hai aura jAtI hai, usI prakAra mRtyu ke kAraNa prANI isa deha ko chor3akara naye deha meM calA jAtA hai, dhIra puruSa (AtmA kI amaratA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue) mohita-duHkhI nahIM hotaa| jaina paramparA meM bhI AtmA kI amaratA va deha kI nazvavaratA kA pratipAdana kara mRtyu-bhaya se nirbhIka rahane kA parAmarza diyA gayA haisarIraM sAdiyaM sanidhaNaM (prazravyAkaraNa- 1/2) arthAt zarIra kA hI Adi va anta hotA hai| imaM sarIraM aNicaM (uttarA. 19/13) / arthAt yaha zarIra anitya hai| caittANaM imaM dehaM gaMtabbaM (uttarA. 19/17) / arthAt isa (nazvara) deha ko chor3akara jAnA par3atA hI hai| sakammabIo avasaM payAi, paraM bhavaM suMdara pAvagaM vA (uttarA. 13/24) / arthAt apane karmanurupa sundara yA nindanIya dUsarA janma dhAraNa karanA hI hotA hai| samaNaM saMjayaM dantaM haNejjA koi ktthii| nAsthi jIvassa nAsutti, evaM peheja sNje|| (uttarA. 2/27) -saMyata va jitendriya zramaNa ko koI vyakti mAre-pITe va vadha kare to zramaNa ko yaha socanA cAhie ki AtmA kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA (aura isa prakAra bhayamukta rhe)| ukta sAMskRtika vicAradhArA se mRtyu-darzana se jur3e satya kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| isa satya se suparicita sAdhaka nazvara deha tathA bhautika sukha-sAdhanoM ko naSTa hote dekhakara kabhI vicalita nahIM hotaa| vaha Asakti va vyAmoha se rahita ho jAtA hai| ____ uparyukta mRtyu-darzana ko hRdayaMgama karane vAloM meM vaidika paramparA ke rAjA janaka aura jaina paramparA ke nami rAjarSi- ye donoM dvitIya 5351

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adhika prasiddha udAharaNa mAne jAte haiN| mahAbhArata meM rAjA janaka kI (mANDavya RSi ke prati) yaha ukti mananIya hai jisameM unakI pUrNa anAsakti ke darzana hote haiM- mithilAyAM pradIptAyAM na me dahyati kiMcana (mahAbhA. 12/276/4) / (arthAta samasta rAjadhAnI) mithilA Aga meM jala rahI ho to bhI merA (merI AtmA kA) kucha nahIM jala rahA hotA| jaina paramparA meM nami rAjarSi kI bhI (devendra ke prati) isI prakAra kI ukti prApta hotI hai- mihilAe DajjhamANIe, na me Dajjhai kiMcaNa (uttarA. 9/14) / arthAt mithilA ke jalate rahane meM, merA kucha bhI nahIM jala rahA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI ukta gAthA kA pAlI rUpa isa prakAra prApta hotA hai- mithilAya DahyamAnAya na me kiMci aDahyathAH (jAtaka atttthkthaa245)| uparyukta samagra mRtyu-darzana ke satya ko hRdayaMgama karane vAlA vyakti mRtyu ko avazyaMbhAvI samajha kara, mAnava-jIvana ko mRtyu se pahale hI sArthaka karane hetu saMyama ke AtmakalyANakArI mArga para agrasara ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI, mRtyu ke bhaya se bhI nirmukta rahatA hai kyoMki vaha samajhatA hai ki mRtyu to agalI yAtrA kA eka par3Ava hai| mRtyu-darzana kI vismRti Asakti kI janmadAtrI hai| sukha-sAdhanoM kI Asakti aura unake sthairya kI cintA aura yatna mRtyu kI vismRti ke kSaNa meM pragatizIla rahate haiN| manuSya isa satya ko ki eka kSaNa sarvasva chIna legI yadi apane Atma-paTa para aMkita kara le to usake jIvana ke adhikAMza saMgharSa samApta ho jaaeN| usake jIvana ke bahuta se duHkha svataH chaMTa jaaeN| eka dArzanika ne kahA- " sote samaya mauta ko sirahAne evaM jAgate samaya sAmane khar3I samajha kara kAma kro| jIvana se mRtyu kA yaha naikaTya sAkSAt tumheM pApamukta banA degaa|" jIvana meM pratikSaNa mRtyu kA darzana manuSya ko anAsaktayogI banA detA hai| vaha jalakamalavat bana jAtA hai| use sAMsArika AkarSaNa AkarSita nahIM kara pAte haiN| vaha saMsAra ke samasta kArya karatA huA bhI akartA banA rahatA hai| vaha saMsAra meM hotA hai parantu saMsAra usake bhItara nahIM hotA hai| vaha unmukta gAna gAtA hai duniyAM meM rahatA hUM talabagAra nahIM huuN| bAjAra se guz2arA hUM kharIdAra nahIM huuN| janArga kAsAdika dharma kI sArakRtika ekatA 352)

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vaidika va jaina paramparA se jur3e kucha kathAnaka yahAM prastuta haiM / -darzana ko hRdayaMgama karane vAle anAsakta mahApuruSoM ke jIvana jinameM mRtyu-da carita nibaddha haiM / [1] nami rAjarSi (jaina) avantI deza meM sudarzana nAma kA nagara thA / vahAM maNiratha nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| yugabAhu isakA bhAI thA / usakI patnI kA nAma madanarekhA thA | maNiratha ne yugabAhu ko mAra DAlA / madanarekhA garbhavatI thI / vaha vahAM se akelI cala pdd'ii| jaMgala meM usane eka putra ko janma diyA / use ratnakambala meM lapeTa kara vahIM rakha diyA aura svayaM zauca karma karane jalAzaya meM gii| vahAM eka jalahastI ne use sUMr3a se uThAkara surakSita sthAna para rakha diyA / videha rASTra ke antargata mithilA nagarI kA nareza padmaratha zikAra karane jaMgala meM AyA / usane usa bacce ko uThAyA / vaha niSputra thA / putra kI sahaja prApti para use prasannatA huI / bAlaka usake ghara meM bar3hane lgaa| usake prabhAva se padmaratha ke zatru rAjA bhI nata ho ge| isalie bAlaka kA nAma 'nami' rakhA / yuvA hone para usakA vivAha 1008 kanyAoM ke sAtha sampanna huA / padmaratha videha rASTra kI rAjyasattA nami ko sauMpa pravrajita ho gyaa| eka bAra mahArAja nami ko dAha jvara huA / usane chaha mAsa taka atyanta vedanA sahI / vaidyoM ne roga ko asAdhya batalAyA / dAha-jvara ko zAnta karane ke lie rAniyAM svayaM candana ghisa rahI thIM / unake hAtha meM pahine hue kaMkaNa baja rahe the / unakI AvAja se rAjA ko kaSTa hone lagA / usane kaMkaNa utAra dene ke lie khaa| sabhI rAniyoM ne saubhAgya cihna svarUpa ekaeka kaMkaNa ko chor3a kara zeSa sabhI kaMkaNa utAra die| kucha dera bAda rAjA ne apane maMtrI se pUchA - 'kaMkaNa ke zabda kyoM nahIM sunAI de rahA hai?" maMtrI ne kahA- rAjan! unake gharSaNa se uThe hue zabda Apako apriya lagate haiM, yaha socakara sabhI rAniyoM ne eka-eka kaMkaNa ke atirikta zeSa kaMkaNa utAra die haiN| akele meM gharSaNa nahIM hotA / gharSaNa ke binA zabda kahAM se uThe ? dvitIya khaNDa 353

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yaha ghaTanA rAjA nami ke lie bhAvI niHzreyasa kA nimitta bnii| isa ghaTanA ne rAjA nami kI vicAradhArA ko maMgalamaya dizA kI ora mor3a diyaa| vaha socane lagA 'nizcaya hI jahAM 'eka' hai, vahAM pUrNa zAnti hai, aura jahAM aneka haiM vahAM saMgharSa hai, duHkha hai, pIr3A hai|' dhana, parivAra Adi se AtmA kI ekatA bAdhita hokara anekatA kA vAtAvaraNa banatA hai aura yahI saMgharSa evaM duHkha va pIr3A kA kAraNa banatA hai| parama sukha tabhI prApta ho sakatA hai jaba vyakti sAMsArika anekatA ko chor3akara, mAtra Atma-bhAva ke ekatva meM susthira ho jaae| isI vivekamUla vairAgya kI udAtta jAgRti se rAjA nami ke bhAvoM meM prazastatA kramazaH bar3hatI gaI aura use pUrvajanma kI smRti ho aaii| janma aura mRtyu kI kramika paramparA kI vAstavikatA unheM hRdayaMgama ho gaI aura isa paramparA se mukti pAne ke lie saMyama mArga ko hI unhoMne amogha upAya jAnA / unhoMne tatkSaNa samasta rAjya-vaibhava ko chor3akara pravrajita hone kA nirNaya kiyaa| samasta mithilA rAjya zokAkula ho gyaa| rAjA nami parivAra-antaHpura aura prajA-jana ke karuNa AvAhana kI upekSA kara saMyamamArga para agrasara ho ge| rAjarSi ke vairAgya kI khabara devaloka taka phNcii| devendra svayaM utsukatAvaza eka brAhmaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara unake sAmane upasthita hue| devendra ne aneka yuktiyoM se nami rAjarSi ko sAMsArika uttaradAyitvoM kI ora lauTAne kA prayatna kiyA kintu rAjarSi ne apane yuktiyukta uttaroM se apane vairAgya-mArga kI hI zreyaskaratA ko siddha kiyaa| devendra ne mithilA nagarI kI dayanIya dazA kI ora saMketa kiyA-"rAjarSi! dekhie! ApakA rAjabhavana jala rahA hai| apane antaHpura kI dayanIya sthiti ko to dekheN| rAja-dharma ke uttaradAyitva se mukha mor3akara jAnA ThIka nhiiN| apane rAjya kI sukha-zAnti ke lie apane nirNaya para vicAra kreN|" rAjarSi nami kA spaSTa uttara thA- "samasta mithilA nagarI ke jalane meM merA kucha nahIM jala rahA hai| maiMne akiMcanatA- aparigrahatA ko dhAraNa kiyA hai, aba merA kucha nahIM hai, na mithilA aura na hI antaHpura / maiM isa akiMcanatA meM sukhI huuN| mere lie aba na koI vastu priya aura na hI apriya / sAMsArika kAma-bhoga durgati meM le jAte haiM aura janma-mRtyu kI paramparA ko baDhAte haiN|" jaina dharma padika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/35405

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devendra nami-rAjarSi kI dRr3hatA, saralatA, nizchalatA vaha nirvikAratA se atyanta prabhAvita hue aura rAjarSi ko vandanA kara devaloka lauTa gyaa| rAjA nami ne munitva ko sAdhA aura saMyama-tapa para kramazaH agrasara hote hue siddha-buddha-mukta avasthA prApta kii| [draSTavyaH uttarAdhyayana, navama adhyayana tathA usakI sukhabodha TIkA, bauddha paramparA meM bhI kumbhakAra jAtaka- jAtaka saM.408 meM kucha parivartana ke sAtha yaha kathA upalabdha hai|] [2] mahArAja janaka (vaidika) mithilA nagarI ke rAjA janaka AtmajJAnI the| rAjakAja meM lIna rahate hue bhI ve brahmasukha meM lIna rahate the| isIlie ve 'videha' kahalAte the| ekadA maharSi vedavyAsa mithilA aae| ve pratidina satsaMga karate the| aneka RSi aura mahArAja janaka pratidina ukta satsaMga meM upasthita hote the| eka dina satsaMga kA nirdhArita samaya hone para bhI satsaMga sabhA meM janaka nahIM phuNce| maharSi vedavyAsa janaka kI pratIkSA karate rhe| ziSya RSiyoM ne maharSi se satsaMga prAraMbha karane kA nivedana kiyaa| lekina maharSi ne janaka ke Ane taka pratIkSA karane ko khaa| maharSi kI bAta sunakara zrotA RSiyoM ke adharoM para vyaMgyAtmaka muskAna ubhara aaii| unakI muskAna meM spaSTa kaTAkSa thA ki janaka rAjA haiN| isalie maharSi unase dabate haiN| RSiyoM kI vyaMgyAtmaka muskAna se maharSi vedavyAsa aparicita na the| kucha samaya pazcAt janaka satsaMga sabhA meM upasthita hue| satsaMga prAraMbha ho gyaa| maharSi ziSya RSiyoM ko janaka kI zreSThatA dikhAnA cAhate the| unhoMne apane yogabala se mithilA nagarI meM Aga lagA dii| akasmAt bhar3akI isa Aga se caturdika trAhi-trAhi maca gii| rAjasevaka daur3ate hue janaka ke pAsa pahuMce aura bole-"rAjan! ApakI nagarI meM Aga laga gaI hai| uThie! nagara-rakSA kA upAya kiijie|" "lagane do|' janaka bole- "Aga kA kAma hI laganA hai|" yaha kahakara janaka avicala bane satsaMga meM tallIna rhe| kucha dera ke bAda dvitIya skhaNDa 355

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punaH dUsare rAjasevaka aae| unhoMne kahA- "pRthvInAtha! Aga ne Apake mahaloM ko ghera liyA hai| ranivAsa jala rahA hai|" "mahala aura ranivAsa ke jalane se merA kucha nahIM jltaa|" janaka ne usI zAnta bhAva se uttara diyaa| tabhI phailatI huI Aga satsaMga sabhA taka pahuMca gii| aba taka kisI taraha mana mAre baiThe RSigaNa vicalita ho utthe| apane-apane vastroM aura kamaNDaluoM ko uThAkara ve idhara-udhara daur3ane lge| Aga janaka kI deha taka pahuMca cukI thii| eka sevaka cillAyA"mahArAja! apanI deha kI rakSA kiijie| Aga Apako jalA degii|" ___ "jalAne do!" janaka bole-"Aga jala jAne yogya ko hI jalAtI hai| jo jala nahIM sakatA use jalAne kI kSamatA Aga meM nahIM hai|" janaka kI isa anAsakti ko dekhakara idhara-udhara daur3a rahe RSi Azcaryacakita the| maharSi vedavyAsa ne agni samApta kara dii| saba kucha pUrvavat ho gyaa| RSi satsaMga-bhavana meM lauTa aae| maharSi vedavyAsa ne kahA-"RSiyoM! janaka aura tumhArI Asakti meM jo antara hai, use jAnakara hI maiMne janaka kI pratIkSA kI thii| jaba taka zrotA svayaM ko badala na DAle taba taka satsaMga sunanA aura na sunanA samAna hai|" janaka ne deha aura dehI ke anyatva ko AtmasAt kara liyA thaa| ve deha meM bhI videha the| ve zuddha Atmatattva meM viramaNa karate the| isIlie ve jIvana ke vyAmoha aura mRtyu ke bhaya se atIta the| ve jAnate the ki palapala ve mRtyu se ghire haiN| jo pala-pala mRtyu ko smaraNa rakhatA hai vaha na kevala mamatva se atIta ho jAtA hai apitu mRtyu kA Agamana bhI use saMtApita nahIM kara pAtA hai| [3] bharata cakravartI (jaina) mahArAja bharata isa kAlacakra ke prathama cakravartI the| aparisIma sukha-sAdhanoM aura bhoga-vilAsa ke madhya rahakara bhI ve kIcar3a meM kamala jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/356

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ke samAna nirlipta the| unakA hRdaya nivRtti aura vairAgya se paripUrNa banA rahatA thaa| Adi prabhu RSabhadeva bharata cakravartI ke pitA the| eka samaya tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ayodhyA nagarI meM pdhaare| unakI dezanA sunane hajAroM nara-nArI ge| bharata cakravartI bhI prabhu ke caraNoM meM pahuMce / prabhu ne dezanA dii| dezanA ke uparAnta eka vyakti ne prabhu RSabhadeva se pUchA"bhante! bharata cakravartI kisa gati meM jAeMge?'' "mokSa meM!' bhagavAn ne saMkSipta-sA uttara diyaa| isa uttara ko sunakara praznakartA ne bhagavAn RSabhadeva para Aropa lagAte hue kahA- "Akhira bharata Apake putra jo Thahare! saMtajana bhI pakSapAta karate haiN| apanA putra hone ke kAraNa usakI gati mokSa kI batA rahe haiN| bhoga-vilAsa bhogate hue aura rAjyalakSmI kA Ananda lete hue bhI yadi mukti prApta kI jA sakatI hai to tyAga kA artha hI vyartha ho gyaa|" bharata usa vyakti kI bAta suna rahe the| bhagavAn kI vANI para usakA saMdeha aura Aropa unheM acche nahIM lge| unhoMne ukta vyakti ko upayukta yukti se samajhAne kA nizcaya kara liyaa| bharata rAjamahala meM lauTa aae| unhoMne anucara bhejakara usa praznakartA ko bulaayaa| unhoMne use eka taila se bharA kaTorA thamA diyA aura do naMgI talavAroM vAle sainika usake pIche lagAte hue kahA-"dhyAna rahe! isa tailapAtra se binA eka bUMda girAe tumheM pUre nagara kA eka cakkara lagAnA hai| yadi eka bUnda bhI pAtra se gira gaI to tumhArA anusaraNa kara rahe sainika tumhArA sira dhar3a se alaga kara deNge|" bharata cakravartI ne nagara meM sthAna-sthAna para nRtya-saMgIta, nATakoM kI vyavasthA karavA dii| unheM dekhane ke lie jagaha-jagaha darzakoM kI bhIr3a bhI jamA thii| tela-pAtra para dRSTi jamAe aura eka-eka kadama saMbhala kara rakhate hue vaha vyakti nagara kI parikramA kara rahA thaa| use caturdika mRtyu kA tANDava dIkha rahA thaa| sandhyA samaya vaha bharata ke pAsa phuNcaa| bharata ne pUchA-"kahie bandhu! nagara kA vAtAvaraNa kaisA lagA?' "mujhe to pUrA nagara tela kA sAgara dIkha rahA thA rAjana!" vyakti bolA- "tela aura mRtyu ke atirikta merI dRSTi meM kucha na thaa|" dvitIya khaNDa/357

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"nagara meM to bar3A utsava thaa|' bharata bole- "nRtya-gAna aura nATaka ho rahe the| kyA tumhArA mana vahAM nahIM ramA?" "kaise ramatA?' vyakti bolA- "jisake sira para mRtyu nAca rahI ho vaha Amoda-pramoda aura rAga-raMga meM bhalA kaise rama sakatA hai!" bharata muskarAe aura bole- "bandhu! eka dina ke mRtyubhaya se tuma itane bhayabhIta ho gae ki AMkha uThAkara apane sAmane ho rahe dRzyoM ko nahIM dekha paae| lekina mere sAmane to janma-janmAntaroM kI mRtyu khar3I mujhe bhayabhIta kara rahI hai| phira maiM bhalA cakravartI ke bhogoM meM lipta kaise ho sakatA huuN| pratikSaNa merI ora sarakatI mRtyu mujhe pratikSaNa bhogoM se virakta rakhatI hai| tumane bhagavAn kI vANI meM saMdeha kiyA thaa| tumheM satya se paricita karAne ke lie hI maiMne yaha yukti nikAlI thii|" vaha vyakti bharata ke kadamoM meM gira gayA aura bolA"bhagavAn kI vANI paramasatya hai| merA bhrama TUTa cukA hai| anAsakta citta hI saccA tyAgI hotA hai| Apa cakravartI hote hue bhI mahAtyAgI haiM aura mahAtyAgiyoM ke lie mokSa kA dvAra pratipala khulA rahatA hai|" 00 [4] janaka aura zukadeva (vaidika) zukadeva janmajAta jJAnI the| phira bhI guru banAnA Avazyaka hai, isalie ve janaka ko guru banAne unake pAsa phuNce| zukadeva kaI dinoM taka bAhara dhUpa meM baiThe rhe| janaka ne unakI koI khabara na lii| phira kaI dinoM taka pAnI meM bhIgate rahe, phira bhI unheM burA nahIM lgaa| ahaMkArazUnya zukadeva janaka kI parIkSA meM uttIrNa hue| aba antima parIkSA lene ke lie janaka ne zukadeva ko taila se bharA eka kaTorA diyA aura bole- "basa yahI eka kAma tumheM karanA hai| usake bAda maiM tumheM ziSya banA luuNgaa| yaha kaTorA lekara mithilA nagarI kA eka cakkara lagA aao| dhyAna rahe ki isa kaTore se eka bhI tela kI bUMda nIce nahIM giranI caahie|" <

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zukadeva cala die / mahArAja janaka ne pahale hI nagara meM rAgaraMga va nAca-nATakoM Adi kA prabandha karA diyA thaa| zukadeva lautte| janaka ne pUchA- "mArga ke nATaka va saMgIta kaise lage?' zukadeva ne uttara diyA"mujhe to kahIM bhI nATaka-saMgIta-nRtyAdi dikhAI hI nahIM die| mujhe taila ke kaTore ke atirikta kucha bhI dikhAI nahIM de rahA thaa|" "tuma uttIrNa hue|" janaka bole- "jo isI taraha saMsAra meM rahakara usase achUtA rahatA hai, vaha saMsAra meM rahakara bhI saMsArI nahIM hai| zukadeva! tuma to janmajAta jJAnI ho / mujhe mAna dene Ae ho|' OOO uparyukta cAra kathAnakoM meM janaka va zukadeva- ye do kathAnaka vaidika paramparA se sambaddha haiM, aura nami rAjarSi va bharata - ye do kathAnaka jaina paramparA se sambaddha haiN| pahalI do kathAnakoM aura antima do kathAnakoM meM sthAna va pAtroM kI bhinnatA bhale hI ho, parantu tathya samAna hai| jaina paramparA ke cakravartI bharata kA mRtyu-bodha unheM cakravartI hote hue bhI mokSagAmI banA detA hai to vaidika paramparA ke mahArAja janaka rAjakAja karate hue aura pArivArika uttaradAyitva ko vahana karate hue bhI mRtyu darzana kI smRti ke kAraNa videharAja kahalAte haiN| ___ rAjA janaka aura nami rAjarSi-donoM isa prakAra Asakta haiM ki mahala jala rahe haiM to yaha mAnate hai ki unakA kucha nahIM jala rahA hai| tIsare-cauthe kathAnakoM meM yaha tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki mRtyu ke sAmane hone para saMsAra ke AkarSaNa vyakti ko apanI ora lubhA nahIM paate| sabhI kathAnakoM kA sAra yaha hai ki mRtyu kI avazyaMbhAvitA tathA AtmA kI amaratA kI satata smRti rakhane se vyakti moha, ahaMkAra, kAma-Asakti Adi meM nahIM phaMsatA / isa taraha, mRtyu vyakti kI zatru nahIM, mitra hai| timaya khaNDa/359

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& B5prakAza-prajJa dIpAvalI - (sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmiH) jaba koI samAroha sarvasAdhAraNa (yA adhikAMza janatA) ke kalyANa se sambandhita hotA hai, to vaha utsava yA mahotsava kI koTI meM A jAtA hai| cUMki mahApuruSoM ke janma meM jana-kalyANa ke kAryoM kA bIja chipA rahatA hai, ataH use bhI mahotsava ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA hai| utsava sadaiva sAmUhika hotA hai| vaha samUha kI AzAoM aura upalabdhiyoM kA pratibimba hotA hai| vyakti taka sImita upalabdhiyAM, cAhe jitanI adhika va sazakta hoM, kabhI udAtta nahIM ho sakatIM aura sUrya-prakAzasA mahattva nahIM pA sktiiN| unakA mahattva eka makAna taka sImita vidyutaprakAza jaisA hotA hai| upalabdhiyAM jaba vyApaka samAja ko prakAzita karane lagatI haiM to ve vyaktigata nahIM raha jaatiiN| saMkIrNatA se mukta ho jAtI haiN| mAnava sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kA nirmANa aisI hI upalabdhiyoM se huA hai| yoM to pratyeka dina navIna aura maMgalamaya hotA hai, lekina koI-koI dina itihAsa ke paTala para tathA mAnava ke mAnasa para apanI amiTa aura akSuNNa chApa chor3a jAtA hai| kArtika amAvasa kA dina vaisA hI eka dina hai| isa dina kA bhAratIya sAMskRtika aura dhArmika itihAsa meM gauravazAlI aura viziSTa sthAna hai / atyanta prAcIna kAla se bhAratavAsI isa dina ko mahAn utsava aura mahAparva kA darjA dekara harSollAsa se manAte Ae haiN| jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/360D>

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vaise to bhArata tyauhAroM aura parvo ke deza ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| yahAM anekAneka parva-tyauhAra aura utsava manAe jAte haiN| parantu kArtika amAvasa ke dina manAyA jAne vAlA dIpAvalI kA tyauhAra samasta tyauhAroM se bar3A tyauhAra aura mahAparva mAnA gayA hai| bhArata kI lagabhaga sabhI dhArmika paramparAoM se dIpAvalI kA sambandha jur3A huA hai| isa madhura mahAparva ke sAtha aneka dhArmika kathAeM jar3I haiN| vaidika paramparA ke rAma tathA jaina paramparA ke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha isa parva kA sambandha mAnA jAtA hai| isa dina se jur3I anya kucha ghaTanAeM haiM __ - zrIkRSNa dvArA narakAsura kA vadha tathA solaha hajAra rAniyoM ko bandhanamukta krnaa| - samudra-manthana isI dina huaa| - narasiMha avatAra isI dina huaa| - maharSi dayAnanda kA deha tyaag| inhIM aneka kAraNoM se yaha dina anekatA meM ekatA kA udgAtA hai| . Aie, bhAratIya saMskRti kI donoM dhArAoM meM mAnya isa mahAn parva se sambaddha do kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se isakI aitihAsika prAcInatA ko hRdayaMgama kreN| [1] vardhamAna mahAvIra jaina paramparA meM dIvAlI ko bar3A mahattva prApta hai| dIpAvalI arthAt kArtika amAvasa kI rAtri meM apanI anAdi jIvana-yAtrA ko virAma dekara bhagavAna mahAvIra ananta meM vilIna ho gae the| jaina dRSTi meM sAdhaka ke lie yaha kSaNa parama mUlyavAna hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana ke usa parama mUlyavAna kSaNa ko jaina paramparA meM kArtika amAvasa kI rAtri ko Aloka divasa ke rUpa meM prativarSa zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai| dvitIya khaNDa/361

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kuNDalapura ke rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI trizalA ke putra the| unakA pUrva nAma vardhamAna thaa| vardhamAna ke bar3e bhAI kA nAma nandIvardhana aura bahana kA nAma sudarzanA thaa| vardhamAna bAlyakAla se hI bar3e dhIra-vIra-gambhIra aura apUrva balazAlI the| indra dvArA prazaMsA karane para eka deva ne vardhamAna kI parIkSA lI thii| lekina vaha svayaM aneka bAra vardhamAna se parAjita huaa| apanI bhUla svIkAra karate hue usane kahA thA- "vardhamAna! tuma kevala vIra nahIM, apitu mahAvIra ho|' mahAvIra yuvA hue| unake bhItara sAMsArika AkarSaNa nahIM the| unhoMne apanI mAtA-pitA kI prasannatA ke lie vivAha avazya racAyA, parantu 'kAma'-bhoga unheM bAMdha na ske| usa yuga meM satya para asatya tathA dharma para adharma prabhAvI ho rahA thaa| dharma ke nAma para pAkhaNDa kA bolabAlA thaa|jaatigt viSamatAeM carama para thiiN| strI aura zUdra kI AtmA karAha rahI thii| mahAvIra ne satya-sUrya para chAe asatya ke bAdaloM ko naSTa karane kA mahatsaMkalpa lete hue rAjapATa kA tyAga kara diyA / ve akiMcana muni banakara AtmasAdhanA meM lIna ho ge| unhoMne ghora tapa prAraMbha kara diyA / satya kI samagra anubhUti ke lie unhoMne svatva ko zUnya kara diyaa| ve kaSTa-kleza-bhAva-vibhAva aura prabhAva se atIta ho kara mAtra draSTA bana ge| ve saMsAra rUpI nadI ke donoM taToM- rAga aura dveSa se svataMtra hokara lambelambe upavAsa aura akhaNDa samAdhi meM tallIna bane kcirate rhe| sAr3he bAraha varSa ke isa sAdhanA-kAla meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kaThora parISaha aura kaThina upasarga Atmastha bhAva se sahana kie| sAr3he bAraha varSa ke pazcAt, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samagra satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyaa| ve AtmasvarUpa kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ko upalabdha hue| satya se sAkSAtkAra karane ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jagata ko satya saMdeza diyaa| unhoMne pAkhaNDa kA khaNDana aura satya kA maNDana kiyaa| unhoMne kahA- pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA kI jyoti jala rahI hai| pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatI hai| UMca-nIca jAtigata nahIM, karmagata haiN| brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna vyakti bhI paramAtmatva ko upalabdha ho sakatA hai to zUdra kula meM utpanna vyakti bhii| strI bhI aura puruSa bhii| saba samAna haiN| sAdhanA karane kA sabhI ko samAna adhikAra haiN| D J jaina ma ta tadika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA/362

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI isa udghoSaNA ne tatkAlIna tathAkathita dhArmikoM ke gar3ha hilA die| sAdhAraNa vyakti se lekara bar3e-bar3e samrATa taka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya bana ge| mahAvIra eka Andolana banakara utthe| unakA yaza digdigantoM meM vyApta ho gyaa| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aparigraha aura anekAnta bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pramukha upadeza the| hajAroM nara-nArI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM pravrajita hue aura lAkhoM ne unake siddhAntoM ko AMzika rUpa se apane jIvana meM dhAraNa kiyaa| nirantara tIsa varSoM taka bhagavAna mahAvIra satya aura ahiMsA kI patAkA phaharAte hue bhArata-bhU para vicaraNa karate rhe| antataH bahattara varSa kI Ayu meM kArtika amAvasa kI rAtri meM ve isa nazvara deha kA tyAga karake mokSa meM jA virAje / mahAvIra kI bidAI ne sarvatra udAsI phailA dii| usa kSaNa devarAja indra ne pragaTa hokara sAzrunayana mahAvIra-upAsakoM se kahA- "yaha rAtri udAsI kI nahIM, prasannatA kI hai| mahAvIra ne Aja samagra mahAvIratva ko sAdhA hai| ataH 'antara dIpa' jalAkara dharma-dhyAna pUrvaka isa rAtri ke mAhAtmya ko svIkAra kro|" bhagavAn mahAvIra kI bidAyagI kI vaha rAtri avismaraNIya bana gii| nirantara ar3hAI hajAra varSoM se mahAvIra ke upAsaka kArtika amAvasa kI usa rAtri ko prakAza-parva mAnakara dharmadhyAna pUrvaka bitAte haiN| [2] maryAdApuruSottama zrIrAma vidika) zrIrAma kA jIvana vizva ke lie Adarza jIvana hai / ve prakAzapuruSa banakara isa dharA para avatarita hue the| unhoMne svayaM prakAza ko jIyA aura logoM ko jInA sikhAyA / adharma rUpI andhakAra unake udaya se naSTa ho gayA / ve hajAroM varSoM se adharma para dharma aura andhakAra para prakAza kI vijaya ke pratIkapuruSa ke rUpa meM svIkRta haiN| dvitIya khaNDa/363

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zrIrAma ayodhyA-nareza dazaratha ke putra aura mAtA kauzalyA ke aMgajAta the| lakSmaNa, bharata aura zatrughna bhI dazaratha ke putra the| cAroM bhAiyoM meM paraspara Adarza prema thaa| zrIrAma bacapana se hI uttama guNoM ke Akara the| ve apane mAtA-pitA aura guru ko bhagavAn kI taraha mAnate the| saMta kavi tulasIdAsa ke zabdoM meM prAta kAla uThi ke rghunaathaa| mAta-pitA-guru nAvahi mAthA // zikSA-dIkSA kI pUrti ke pazcAt zrIrAma ne apane anuja lakSmaNa ke sAtha milakara rAkSasoM se RSiyoM-muniyoM kI rakSA kii| rAjasI suvidhAoM ko tyAgakara ve akiMcana muniyoM-RSiyoM ke caraNoM meM rhte| jaMgala aura mahala unake lie samAna the| mithilAnagarI meM rAjA janaka ne apanI putrI sItA kA svayaMvara rcaa| nirdhArita zartAnusAra svayaMvaravijetA ko ziva ke pracaNDa dhanuSa para pratyaMcA car3hAnI thii| AgaMtuka sabhI narezoM ke ukta zarta para parAjita ho jAne ke bAda zrIrAma ne dhanuSa para pratyaMcA cddh'aaii| phalasvarUpa dhanuSa TUTa gyaa| sItA ne zrIrAma ke gale meM jayamAlA DAla dii| rAjA dazaratha ne apane putra zrIrAma ke rAjyasiMhAsana dene kI ghoSaNA kii| lekina zrIrAma kI vimAtA kaikeyI ne raMga meM bhaMga DAlate hue dazaratha se pUrvarakSita apane do vara mAMga lie| usane apane putra bharata ke lie rAjya mAMgA aura rAma ke lie caudaha varSa kA vanavAsa / pitA ke vacanoM kI Ana para zrIrAma ne svayaM ko kurbAna kara diyaa| ve harSita mana se jaMgaloM meM cale ge| sItA aura lakSmaNa ne zrIrAma ke kadamoM kA anugamana kiyaa| ___ jaMgala meM maMgala manAte zrIrAma aneka varSoM taka tapasviyoM kA sA jIvana jIte rhe| ve RSiyoM-muniyoM kA satsaMga karate hue vicarate the| eka bAra lakSmaNa ke hAtha se rAvaNa kI bahana zUrpaNakhA ke putra kA vadha ho gayA / phalasvarUpa zrIrAma aura lakSmaNa ko aneka rAkSasI zaktiyoM se nipaTanA pdd'aa| saba sUcanAeM laMkAdhipati rAvaNa ko jJAta huiiN| rAvaNa apane samaya kA prabala parAkramI rAjA thaa| vaha duSTa aura ahaMkArI thaa| usane chala-bala se zrIrAma kI ardhAMginI sItA kA apaharaNa kara liyaa| zrIrAma aura lakSmaNa sItA kI khoja meM vana-dara-vana bhaTakane lge| sugrIva aura bhaktarAja hanumAn kI sahAyatA se sItA kA patA lagAyA gyaa| vizAla samudra ko lAMghakara zrIrAma aura lakSmaNa, sugrIva kI senA va hanumAn sahita laMkA phuNce| << jaina dharma gAM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekA /364)> C

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macA maryAdA ke pratIka svarUpa zrIrAma ne rAvaNa ke pAsa saMdhiprastAva bhejA aura sItA ko lauTAne kI bAta khii| apane ko vizvavijetA samajhane vAle rAvaNa ne zrIrAma kA prastAva ThukarA diyaa| isa para rAvaNa kA bhAI vibhISaNa use chor3akara zrIrAma ke caraNoM meM A gyaa| rAma aura rAvaNa ke madhya bhISaNa saMgrAma huaa| isa yuddha meM adharma kA pratIka rAvaNa apane bhAiyoM, putroM aura ajeya senA sahita mArA gyaa| dharma aura maryAdA ke prakAzapuJja zrIrAma kI vijaya huii| taba taka zrIrAma kA caudaha varSa kA vanavAsa-kAla bhI pUrNa ho cukA thaa| zrIrAma sItA, lakSmaNa, hanumAna aura sugrIva sahita ayodhyA lauTa ge| zrIrAma kA ayodhyA-Agamana kArtika mAsa kI amAvasa ke dina huaa| sampUrNa ayodhyA nagarI ko dulhana kI bhAMti sajAyA gayA thaa| dvAra-dvAra aura dIvAra-dIvAra para dIpa-mAlAeM prajjvalita kI gaI thiiN| vyaktivyakti ke hRdaya meM zrIrAma ke svAgata kA ullAsa thaa| yaha svAgatotsava itanA bhavya thA ki jana-jana ke lie yaha dina avismaraNIya bana gyaa| aura yuga para yuga atIta ho gae, Aja taka kArtika amAvasa kA vaha dina bhArata kA janamAnasa vismRta na kara sakA hai| Aja bhI prativarSa isa dina apUrva harSotsava manAyA jAtA hai| kArtika amAvasa ke sAtha zrIrAma kI yAdeM jur3I haiN| yaha dina sampUrNa vizva ko adharma para dharma kI aura andhere para prakAza kI vijaya kA saMdeza aura upadeza detA hai| vizeSakara bhAratIya janamAnasa ke lie yaha dina vizeSa zraddhA aura samarpaNa kA hai| vaha zrIrAma ko unake AdarzoM ke kAraNa apane hRdaya-maMdira meM pratiSThita karake unakI arcanA-vandanA karatA hai| _OOO ina kathAoM meM sabase pramukha zrIrAma kI kathA hai| isa dina rAvaNa jaise prabala parAkramI aura atyAcArI rAjA rAvaNa ko parAjita karake zrIrAma ayodhyA lauTe the| ayodhyAvAsiyoM ne apane priya aura pUjya zrIrAma kA svAgata dIpamAlAeM prajjvalita karake kiyA thaa| dIpamAlAoM ke prajjvalana ke kAraNa usa dina kA nAma dIpAvalI vikhyAta huaa| dvitIya rakhaNDa 365

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dUsarA pramukha kathAnaka hai mahAzramaNa mahAvIra kA | vikaTa sAdhanA se apanI AtmA meM paramAtmA ko avatarita karake tathA saMsAra ko satya, ahiMsA, aparigraha tathA anekAnta kA mahAprakAza bAMTa kara isI dina zramaNa mahAvIra ne mokSa ke lie mahAprayANa kiyA thA / indra ke nirdeza para devoM aura manuSyoM ne milakara usa rAta meM dIpamAlAeM prajjvalita karake zramaNa mahAvIra ke sammAna meM apanI zraddhA- arghya arpita kI thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA arhanta avasthA prApta karanA, samasta jagat ko ahiMsA dharma kA pAvana maMgalamaya upadeza dekara sanmArga dikhAnA, aura isI lokakalyANakArI kArya ko karate hue siddha-buddha-mukta (nirvANa ) avasthA ko prApta karanA - yaha saba bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vaiyaktika upalabdhi nahIM hai, apitu samasta mAnava jAti kI parama upalabdhi hai / yaha ghaTanA yugAntarakArI hone se utsava nahIM, mahotsava bana kara Aja bhI pravartamAna hai / isI prakAra rAma kA ayodhyA meM lauTanA sampUrNa ayodhyA kA utsava bana gayA / mahApuruSoM kA honA hI utsava hotA hai / ve jahAM hote haiM, vahIM saba kI khuziyAM bana kara jagamagAte haiN| vahAM se cale jAne para bhI prakAza kI smRti aura preraNA bana kara Aloka vikIrNa karate haiN| Upara prastuta donoM kathAnakoM se prakAza-puMja dIpAvalI kI mahattA to siddha hotI hI hai, yaha bhI saMketa milatA hai ki yaha parva bhogavilAsa kA sAdhana nahIM, adhyAtmika uccatA prApta karane kA preraNA-srota hai| dIpAvalI dIpoM ke prakAza kA parva hai| yaha mAnavIya asIma udAratA ko pratibimbita karatA hai| prakAza kA svabhAva hai- saMkIrNatA ko chor3akara mahala ho yA jhopar3I, sarvatra andhakAra dUra karanA | samatA rUpI dharma kA pratIka hai dIpaka / ataH dIpAvalI eka mahAn dhArmika utsava hai| jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA 366

Page #392
Rui Rui Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Scorseballable COCO Sen Sen Li Sen Sen Sen Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Chun Li Sen Sen Su Su Su Su Su Su Su Su Su Li Su Su Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Su Su Su Su Su Su Su Su Su Su Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Sen Sen Sen Sen Li eka siMhAvalokana sAMskRtika ekatA jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen , Sen Sen Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui Rui

Page #393
samanvaya-dizA 'bhArata kI sAMskRtika ekatA'kRti ke isa tRtIya khaNDa meM jaina va vaidika dharma ke grantho/ zAstroM meM nirUpita dharma-tattva meM parassapara kitanI samAnatA hai- isakA digdarzana karAyA jA rahA hai| isa meM dharma, AtmA, ahiMsA, satya, satsaMga, sAdhu, brAhmaNa, karma, bandha, mukti Adi vividha tattvoM ko cayanita kara, una para donoM dharmoM ke vicAra-cintana ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ____ pAThaka svayaM anubhava kareMge- bheda meM abheda, anekatA meM ekatA tathA vividhatA meM ekasvaratA bhI mukharita

Page #394
0000000000000 888 finit saMsAra meM hajAroM dharma-sampradAya haiN| unake mAnane vAle to lAkhoM -karor3oM meM haiN| dharma kI paribhASAeM saba kI bhinna-bhinna haiN| yaha saba hone para bhI, dharma kI paribhASA kyA hai, kise dharma kaheM- yaha anirNIta hai| jaina va vaidika- ina do dharmoM kI dharma-sambandhI vyAkhyA nimnalikhita rUpa meM prastuta hai| jaina dharma ke sthAnAMga sUtra meM 10 bAtoM ko dharma ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai-kSamA, mukti aadi| sAtha meM isa dharma para calane kI preraNA bhI hai aura dharma ko jIva kA parama rakSaka bhI batAyA gayA hai| vaidika dharma ke RSi manu bhI dasa bAtoM ko 'dharma' kahate haiN| ukta samAnatA ke sAtha-sAtha dharmAcaraNa-sambandhI preraNAdAyaka vacanoM meM bhI samAnatA hai| anta meM 'jo dharma kI rakSA karatA hai, vahI rakSita hai'- isa tathya kA pratipAdana bhI donoM dharmoM meM samAna vicAradhArA para kiyA gayA hai| (1) khaMtI, muttI, ajjave, maddave, lAghave, scce| saMjame, tave, ciAe, baMbhaceravAse // (sthAnAMga sUtra-10) - (1) kSamA, (2) mukti (anAsakti), (3) RjutA jIya khaNDa,367

Page #395
(saralatA), (4)mArdava (mRdulatA, komalatA ), ( 5 )lAghava (namratA), (6) satya (7) saMyama (8) tapa, (9) tyAga, aura (10) brahmacarya - ye dharma ke 10 lakSaNa haiN| (2) dhRtiH kSamA damo'steyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / dhIrvidyA satyamakrodho dazakaM dharma-lakSaNam // (manusmRti-7/92) - (1) dhairya, (2) kSamA, (3) dama, (mAnasika saMyama), (4) asteya (anyAya se kisI vastu kA na lenA), (5) zauca (pavitratA), (6) indriya nigraha (viSayoM meM pravRtta hone se indriyoM ko rokanA), (7) dhI (zAstrAdi kA tAttvika jJAna), (8) vidyA (AtmabodhI jJAna), (9) satya ( yathArtha kathana ), aura (10) akrodha (krodha nahIM karanA) - ye dharma ke 10 lakSaNa haiN| (2) dhammaM cara / (uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 18/3) - dharma kA anusaraNa karo / (3) dharmaM cara / (taittirIya upaniSad - 1/11/1 ) - dharma kA pAlana kro| (4) ikko hu dhammo naradeva tANaM, Na vijjai aNNamiheha kiMci / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA / 368 (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 14/40)

Page #396
-rAjan ! isa saMsAra meM eka dharma ke atirikta koI aura rakSaka nahIM hai| (5) dharma eva hato hanti, dharmo rakSati rkssitH| (manusmRti- 8/15) - dharma hata (vinaSTa) hone para, apanA vinAza (ullaMghana) karane vAle ko naSTa kara detA hai aura dharma rakSita hone para apanA pAlana karane vAle kI rakSA karatA hai| 100 vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dhArmika paramparAoM meM dharma kI vyAkhyA, preraNA evaM phala kI jo nirUpaNA prApta hotI hai, vaha paraspara paryApta sAmya lie hue hai| tIya sAtu 369

Page #397
AtmA 486660866 prAyaH sabhI darzanoM kI jijJAsA kA viSaya 'AtmA' rahA hai| samasta adhyAtma-cintana pramukhatayA Atmakendrita hai| pratyeka prANI 'maiM 'isa zabda se jisa Atma-padArtha kA saMvadena karatA hai, vaha kaisA hai, usakA AkAra-prakAra kyA hai, deha se pRthak usakI sattA hai yA nahIM, kaise use jAnA jAya- ye prazna saba ke mana meM uThate rahe haiN| ina praznoM ke samAdhAna hetu anekAneka prayatna bhI hote rahe haiN| sUkSmadarzI yantroM se tathA zarIra ko tola kara, cIra kara aneka taraha se AtmA ko dekhane kA bhI yatna kiyA gyaa| jaina dharma meM batAyA gayA hai ki AtmA ko indriyoM se, tarka se tathA kisI yantra Adi se dekhA nahIM jA sktaa| vaha amUrta hai| use dhyAna se anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika dharma ke RSiyoM kA bhI yahI mantavya rahA hai| donoM hI dharma yaha mAnate haiM ki duSpravRttiyoM meM saMlagna AtmA hI apanA zatru hai aura sadAcAra meM pravRtta AtmA parama mitra hai| savve sarA niyaTdaMti, takkA tattha na vijji|mii tattha na gaahiyaa| (AcArAMga sUtra-216) - AtmA ke viSaya meM zabda aura tarka nahIM cala skte| buddhi usakI thAha nahIM le sktii| % 3DZ jena dharma padika dharma kI sAra-fin indi/3701

Page #398
(2) naiSA tarkeNa mtiraapneyaa| (kaThopaniSad-2/9) - yaha Atma-jJAna tarka se prApta nahIM hotaa| (3) indriyANi parANyAhurindriyebhyaH paraM mnH| manasastu parA buddhiryo buddheH paratastu sH|| (gItA-3/42) - indriyAM zarIra se pare haiM, mana indriyoM se pare hai, buddhi mana se pare hai aura buddhi se bhI pare yaha AtmA hai| (4) no indriyager3A amuttbhaavaa| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-14/19) - AtmA amUrta-nirAkAra hai, ata: vaha indriyoM se gRhIta nahIM hotaa| (5) na cAtmA zakyate drssttmindriyaiH| __(mahAbhArata-12/288/18) - AtmA kA indriyoM dvArA darzana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| (6) appA mittamamittaM ca / __ (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-20/37) - AtmA hI apanA mitra aura AtmA hI apanA amitra-zatru hai| tIya khaNDa/371

Page #399
(7) Atmaiva hyAtmano bandhurAtmaiva ripuraatmnH| (gItA-6/5) - AtmA hI apanA bandhu hai aura vahI apanA zatru hai| (8) nataM arI kaMThachettA karei, jaM se kare appaNiyA durppaa| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-20/49) - jitanA burA apanA hI duSpravRtta AtmA kara sakatA hai, utanA burA koI galA kATanevAlA zatru bhI nahIM kara sktaa| (9) yo'vamanyAtmanA''tmAnamanyathA prtipdyte| natasyadevAH zreyAMsoyasyA'tmA'pina kaarnnm|| (mahAbhArata-1/74/33) ___ - jo svayaM apanI AtmA ko tiraskRta karake kucha kA kucha samajhatA hai aura karatA hai, svayaM kA apanA AtmA hI jisakA hita-sAdhana nahIM kara sakatA hai, usakA devatA bhI bhalA nahIM kara skte| vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM ke RSiyoM, muniyoM, cintakoM ne AtmA ke sambandha meM jisa satya kI anubhUti kI, usakA sAra uparyukta zAstrIya uddhAraNoM meM prasphuTita huA hai| donoM paramparAoM kA vaicArika sAmya paThanIya va mananIya hai| jaina dharma padika dharma kI sAragatika ekataI/372 >

Page #400
COM zraddhA AtmA kA divya guNa hai| isa guNa ke vikAsa se hI 'satya' kA sAkSAtkAra va darzana ho pAtA hai| zraddhA-sampanna vyakti hI 'jJAna' prApta kara pAtA hai| zraddhAhIna vyakti sandeha va zaMkAoM se grasta hokara bhramita hotA rahatA hai- isa tathya ko vaidika va jaina donoM dharmoM meM samAnatayA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| (1) saDDI ANAe mehaavii| (AcArAMga sUtra-1/3/4) - medhAvI arhat-AjJA (satpatha) para zraddhAvAn hotA hai| (2) zraddhayA stymaapyte| (yajurveda-19/30) - zraddhA se satya kI prApti hotI hai| (tIya saNDa/373

Page #401
(3) adkkhuvdkkhuvaahiyNsdhsu| - (sUtrakRtAMga-2/3/11) - o dekhane vAloM! tuma dekhane vAloM (satya-draSTA mahApuruSoM) kI bAta para vizvAsa aura zraddhA karake clo| __ (4) AjJaiva bhv-bhnyjkii| (yogasAra) - AjJA hI bhava-AvAgamana (janma-maraNa) kA nAza karane vAlI hai| (5) vitigiccha-samAvaneNaM appANeNaM no lahai smaahiN| (AcArAMga sUtra-1/5/5) -vicikitsA-saMzaya utpanna hone para zAMti nahIM mila sktii| (6) ajJazcAzraddhadhAnazca saMzayAtmA vinshyti| nAyaM loko'sti naparo, na sukhaM sNshyaatmnH| (gItA-4/40) - jJAnahIna, zraddhAhIna tathA saMzayahIna vyakti naSTa ho jAtA hai| jo saMzayAtmA hai, usake loka aura paraloka donoM bigar3ate haiM tathA use sukha nahIM miltaa| 38888888888888 sandeha va saMzaya ko dUra kara, 'zraddhA'/samarpaNa ke mArga para calane vAle sAdhaka ko jJAna kI upalabdhi yA satya kI prApti sahajatayA hotI hai- isa tathya ko eka svara meM vaidika va jaina-donoM paramparAoM ne abhivyakta kiyA hai| D Tjana dharma edi dharma fit or ifi LTI/374

Page #402
ahiMsA Adi mahAvrata 06088888888906880038888ome mAmaRAN AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke lie saMyama kA mArga hI upAdeya hotA hai| isa mArga meM kucha maulika niyamoM kA pAlana atyAvazyaka hotA hai| ina niyamoM ko vrata yA mahAvrata ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya va aparigraha- ye pAMca mahAvrata haiM, jinheM vaidika va jaina- ina donoM paramparAoM meM samAnatayA aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| (1) ahiMsa saccaM ca ateNagaM ca, tato ya baMbhaM apariggahaM c| paDivajjiyA paMca mahavvayANi, carija dhammaM jiNadesiyaM viuu|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-21/12) - ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha -ina pAMca mahAvrata rUpa jinadezita dharma kA AcaraNa vidvAnoM ko karanA caahie| gIya saNDa/375

Page #403
(2) ahiMsA-satya-asteya-brahmacarya-aparigrahA ymaaH| etejAtidezakAlasamayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mhaavrtm|| (yogadarzana sUtra-2/30-31) - ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha- ye pAMca 'yama' haiN| jAti, deza, samaya ke pratibandha se rahita, evaM sarvadA-sarvatra inakA pAlana karane para, ye 'yama' hI 'mahAvrata' ke rUpa meM prasiddha hote haiN| (3) ahiMsA satyamasteyaM, zaucamindriyanigrahaH / etaM sAmAsikaMdharma, caaturvrye'brviinmnuH|| (manusmRti-10/63) - ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, zauca- pavitratA, indriya-nigrahasaMkSepa meM dharma kA yaha svarUpa cAroM hI vargoM ke lie manu ne kahA hai| 000 ahiMsA Adi pAMca dharma sArvabhaumika va sArvajanika haiM, kyoMki inakA pAlana sabhI ke lie, pratyeka sAdhaka ke lie sarvadA karaNIya hai| jaina va vaidika- ina donoM dharmoM meM bhI inake viSaya meM sahamati hai- isakI puSTi uparyukta uddharaNoM meM ho rahI hai| Dona ufanilin if it sArA in lifI,376DH

Page #404
ahiMsA parama dharma hai| samasta dharmAcAryoM ke pravacana ahiMsAkendrita hote haiN| ahiMsA eka sarvabhauma yA vizva dharma hai kyoMki yaha prANimitra kI icchA- jijIviSA (jIne kI icchA) se jur3A huA hai| jaise apanA jIvana pyArA hotA hai, vaise hI dUsaroM ko bhI pyArA hai| apane prANoM kI rakSA kI taraha dUsare ke prANoM kI rakSA bhI hamArA kartavya hai, kyoMki hamArI jaisI AtmA hI saba prANiyoM meM hai| isa prakAra ahiMsA-darzana Atmavat dRSTi ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| abhaya-dAna isI ahiMsA dharma ke vividha rUpoM meM se eka hai| vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM meM ahiMsA-darzana ko samAnatayA Adara prApta huA hai| (1) savva-jaga-jIva-vakhaNa-dayaLyAe pAvayaNaM bhgvyaasukhiyN| (praznavyAkaraNa sUtra-1) - bhagavAn ne jagat ke saba jIvoM kI dayA ke lie pravacana kiyaa| (2) ahiMsArthAya bhUtAnAM, dharma-pravacanaM kRtm| (mahAbhArata-109/12) tIya rANDa 377

Page #405
- sabhI prANiyoM kI ahiMsA ke lie (arthAt kisI prANI kA hiMsA na ho- isa dRSTi se) dharma kA pravacana kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA samayaMceva, eyAvantaM viyaanniyaa| (sUtrakRtAMga sUtra-1/17/10) - ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA samyakjJAna hI yathArtha vijJAna hai| (4) ahiMsA paramo dhrmH| (mahAbhArata- 13/115/25) - ahiMsA parama dharma hai| (5) tumaMsi nAma taM ceva, jaMhaMtavvaM tti mnsi| (AMcArAMga sUtra-1/5/5) - tU jisako hantavya-mArane yogya mAna rahA hai, vaha tU hI to hai| (6) sarva-bhUtasthitaMyo mAM bhjtyektvmaasthitH| (gItA-6/31) - sabhI jIvoM meM maiM (paramezvara) hI ekatva rUpa meM sthita huuN| (7) Na haNe paanninnopaanne| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-6/7) - kisI prANI kA prANa-ghAta na kro| jaina dharma va dina dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 378

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(8) na haNe pANiNo paanne| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-6/7) - kisI prANI kA prANaghAta na kro| (9) mA hiMsyAt srvbhuutaani| (yajurveda-13/47) - kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA na kreN| (10) dANANa seneNabhyppyaannN| (sUtrakRtAMga sUtra-1/6/23) - dAnoM meM abhayadAna sarvazreSTha hai| (11) sarve vedAzca yajJAzca, tapo dAnAni caangh| jIvAbhayapradAnasya, nakurin klaampi|| (bhAgavatapurANa-3/7141) - saba veda, yajJa, tapa aura dAna (sabhI prANiyoM ke prati kiye jAne vAle) abhaya-pradAna ke eka aMza jitane bhI nahIM haiN| uparyukta zAstrIya uddharaNoM se yaha tathya svataH mukharita huA hai ki ahiMsA-darzana kI maulika mAnyatAoM meM vaidika va jaina- ye donoM dharma pUrNatayA ekamata haiN| _ tRtIya rakhaNDa/379

Page #407
A 0000000200099999999 Thara goog SANA Meaningwormabet E0A brahmacarya parama duSkara tapa hai, ata: vaha sarvazreSTha tapa hai| viSayabhogoM meM ucchRkhala rUpa meM pravRtta ho rahI indriyoM para niyantraNa kie binA brahmacarya kI sAdhanA sambhava nhiiN| viSaya-bhogoM ke prati tRSNA kabhI zAnta nahIM hotI, kyoMki kAmanAeM anantAnanta haiN| yaha tRSNA pariNAmataH duHkhaprada hI hotI hai| isalie isa tRSNA kI bhayaMkaratA ko hRdayaMgama kara, indriya-vijaya arthAt 'brahmacarya kI sAdhanA para agrasara honA hI zreyaskara hai| brahmacarya banAma kAmabhoga sevana ke sambandha meM vaidika va jaina-ina donoM dharmoM meM samAna vicAroM kI bAnagI prastuta hai| (1) tavesu vA uttamaM bNbhcerN| (sUtrakRtAMga sUtra-1/6/23) - sabhI tapoM meM sarvottama tapa hai- brhmcry| (2) AzrameSu caturbAhuH damamevottamaM vrtm|| (mahAbhArata-12/160/14) - cAroM AzramoM meM 'dama' (indriya-jaya, brahmacarya) ko hI uttama vrata mAnA gayA hai| jaina dharma eva vedika dharma kI sArakRtika patA 380

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(3) kAmA durtikkmaa| (AcArAMga sUtra-1/2/5) - kAmanAeM duratikramaNIya haiM, arthAt unakI pUrti kara pAnA duSkara kArya hai| (4) kAmaH smudrmaavivesh| (atharvaveda-3/29/7) - kAma samudra meM praviSTa hotA hai, arthAt kAmanAeM samudra ke samAna asIma hotI jAtI haiM, unakA anta nahIM hotaa| (5) samudra iva kaamo'primitH| (kAThaka saMhitA- 9/12) - samudra kI taraha asIma-ananta hotA hai- kaam| ___(6) icchA huaagaassmaaannNtiyaa| ' (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-9148) - icchA-kAmanAeM AkAza ke samAna ananta haiN| (7) kaamaannugiddhippbhvNkhudukkhN| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-32/19) - prANiyoM ko jo duHkha hai, vaha viSaya-bhoga sambandhI tRSNA ke kAraNa utpanna hai| yA .381

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(8) duHkhI sadA ko vissyaanuraagii| (zaMkara praznottarI-13) - du:khI kauna hai ? jo viSaya-bhogoM meM anurakta hai| (9) sallaMkAmA visaMkAmA kAmA aasiivisopmaa| __ (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-9/53) - kAmabhoga kAMTe haiM, viSatulya haiN| yahI nahIM, ve AzIviSa sarpa ke samAna (bhayaMkara) haiN| __ (10) viSAd viSaM kiM, viSayAH smstaaH| __ (zaMkara-praznottarI-13) - sabase se bar3A (adhika bhayaMkara) viSa kyA hai? samasta viSaya-bhoga hI viSa haiN| 000 sukha pAnA aura duHkha se chUTanA sabhI cAhate haiN| duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai- viSayabhogoM meM aaskti| viSaya-bhogoM se virata hone ke lie indriya-vijaya va brahmacarya kI sAdhanA hI upayogI hai| brahmacarya kI zreSThatA ko tathA viSaya bhogoM kI nissAratA ko donoM dharmoM (jaina va vaidika) ne ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina meM dika dharma kI sAskRtika tA/382

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paramezvara sat-cit-Anandamaya hai| ukta 'sat' rUpa hI 'satya' hai / isa prakAra 'satya' IzvarIya rUpa kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| satya kA avalambana lekara Izvaratva ke nikaTa pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| ataH 'satya' eka viziSTa dharma hai / IzvarIya upadeza bhI 'satya' rUpa meM hI abhivyakta hotA hai| satya janakalyANakArI hotA hai / vyavahAra meM janahitakArI vacana ko hI satya mAnA gayA hai| satya kA ArAdhaka paramezvara kA ArAdhaka hai| uparyukta bhAratIya sAMskRtika vicAra-dhArA vaidika va jaina -ina donoM taToM ko chUtI huI pravAhita hotI rahI hai| (1) taM saccakhu bhagavaM / satya hI bhagavAn hai / (2) satyamevezvaro loke / satya hI saMsAra meM Izvara hai / tRtIya khaNDa / 383 (praznavyAkaraNa sUtra - 2/2) (vAlmIkirAmAyaNa, - 2/109/13)

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(3) tameva saccaM NissaMkaM, jaM jiNehiM pveiyN| (AcArAMga sUtra-1/5/5) - vahI satya hai, vahI sandeha rahita hai, jo jinoM, rAga-dveSa vijetAoM, sarvajJoM dvArA prarUpita huA hai| (4) saccassa ANAe uvahie mehaaviimaarNtdd'| (AcArAMga sUtra-1/3/3/19) - satya kI AjJA-sImA meM sthita vidvAn mRtyu ko jIta letA hai| __ (5) satyasya nAvaH sukRtmpiiprn| (Rgveda-9/73/1) - satya kI naukA dharmAtmA ko pAra lagAtI hai| (6) satyavAdI hi loke'smin paraMgacchati caakssym| (vAlmIkirAmAyaNa- 2/109/11) - satyavAdI isa loka meM akSaya parama pada (mokSa) pAtA hai| (7) annaM bhAsai annaM karei tti musaavaao| (nizIthacUrNi- 3988) - kahanA kucha aura karanA kucha, yahI mRSAvAda hai| na dharma padi dharma kI sAragatikA patA 3846

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(8) azraddhAmanRte dadhAt, zraddhAM satye prjaaptiH| __ (yajurveda-19177) - prajApati ne asatya meM azraddhA aura satya meM zraddhA sthApita kI hai| (9) miyaM aduTuMaNuvIya bhaase| ' (dazavaikAlika sUtra-7/55) -vicArapUrvaka mita-thor3A, aduSTa-nirdoSa-sundara bolanA caahie| (10) nirduramaNya' UrjA madhumatI vaak| _(atharvaveda-16/2/1) - nirdoSa, ramaNIya, ojasvI aura madhura vANI boleN| (11) saccaM logammi saarbhuuyN| (prazravyAkaraNasUtra-2/1) - satya hI saMsAra meM sArabhUta hai| (12) ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vdnti| (Rgveda-1/164/46) - satya eka hai, use jJAnI bahuta prakAra se batAte haiN| tRtIya khaNDa/365

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(13) bhAsiyavvaM hiyaM sccN| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-19/27) -- hitakArI satya bolanA caahie| (14) yadbhUtahitamatyantametatsatyaM mataM mm| (mahAbhArata- 12/329/73) - jo saba prANiyoM ke lie atyanta hitakArI hai, vahI satya hai| (15) satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAtna bruuyaatstympriym| (manusmRti-4/138) - satya bolanA cAhie, priya bolanA cAhie, jo apriya ho vaisA satya nahIM bolanA caahie| 000 satya kI mahattA evaM satya ke svarUpa Adi ke viSaya meM jaina va vaidika- ina donoM dharmoM meM jo nirUpaNA huI hai, vaha unakI samAna vicAradhArA ko spaSTa prakaTa karatI hai| jaina dharma uditA dharma kI sArakRtika vAtA/386 ><

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DOORDARS 4888888888 8 acoyA Mer Tube8888skan.k..See 800000000000000000899 munAma dI gaI vastu ko chor3akara, kisI kI vastu ko lenA, usa para adhikAra jatAnA 'corI' hai| yaha eka nindanIya kArya hai| corI karane vAle kA jIvana aneka saMkaToM kI AzaMkA se grasta rahatA hai| cora sadaiva tanAva-grasta va bhayabhIta rahatA hai| surakSita sthAna kI talAza meM vaha bhaTakatA rahatA hai aura pApamaya jIvana jIne ke lie vivaza rahatA hai| __ AvazyakatA se Adhika sampatti Adi kA saMcaya karanA bhI 'corI' hai aura eka sAmAjika aparAdha hai| anAvazyaka saMcaya karane vAlA samAja ke anya logoM ko usa saMcita vastu ke upayoga se vaMcita karatA hai jo nyAyocita nhiiN| uparyukta vicAradhArA ko jaina va vaidika- donoM hI paramparAeM ekamata se svIkAratI haiN| (1) daMtasohaNamAissa adattassa vivjjnnN| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-12/28) - dAMta khuracane ke lAyaka (tuccha se tuccha) vastu ko bhI, binA dUsare ke dvArA diye hue, na le| . tRtIya khaNDa/387

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(2) ____adinamannesuno jhejaa| (sUtrakRtAMga sUtra-1/10/2) - vinA dI huI dUsaroM kI kisI bhI vastu ko na le| (3) sarvataH zaGkate steno mRgo graammiveyivaan| (mahAbhArata- 12/259/16) - jisa prakAra koI hariNa yA pazu grAma meM (pazu-hatyAroM ke ghAta se AzaMkita hotA huA) praveza karatA hai, usI prakAra cora (logoM kI AMkhoM se bacatA huA) sarvatra sazaMkita rahatA hai| (4) adiNNAdANaMhara-daha-maraNabhaya-kalusa-tAsaNa-parasaMtiyaabhejalobhamUlaM kAlavisamasaMsayaM annihuy-prinnaam| (praznavyAkaraNa sUtra-1/3/60) - yaha adattAdAna (corI) kA duSkarma (kisI ke dhana Adi kA) apaharaNa (hI) hai| yaha kArya hRdaya-dAhaka hotA hai, isameM mRtyu Adi kA bhaya banA rahatA hai, yaha kaluSita vicAroM se grasta rahatA hai, tathA lobha isakA mUla hai| isa kArya meM lage cora-DAkU (bhaya va AzaMkA ke kAraNa, chipane ke lie) parvata Adi viSama-durgama sthAna ko tathA rAta Adi ke andhakArapUrNa viSama samaya ko adhika upayukta-prazaMsanIya mAnate haiN| (5) avatIrNasya grahaNaM, parigrahasya pramattayogAd yt| tat pratyeyaM steym| (A. amRtacandra-kRta puruSArthasiddhayupAya-4/66/102) D Zjaina dharma ekadika dharma kI sAratatikA patA/388

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kisI ke dvArA nahIM die gae 'parigraha' (AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha) ko, apane pramAda (manovikAroM) ke kAraNa, grahaNa karanA 'corI' hI hai / - (6) tadeva hi dhanaM tasya vapurvA sarvathA matam / yad yasya zAsanasthAnAM yathA samupayujyate // (A. jinasena - kRta harivaMzapurANa - 18/147) - jisakA jitanA dhana yA zarIra usake adhInastha (yA sAdharmI) logoM ke upayoga meM AtA hai, utane hI dhana kA yA zarIra kA vaha vyakti svAmI kahalAne lAyaka hai (atirikta kA nahIM ) / (7) yAvad bhriyeta jaTharaM tAvat svatvaM hi dehinAm / adhikaM yo'bhimanyeta, sa steno daNDamarhati // (bhAgavata purANa-7/14/8) - jitane se apanA peTa bhara jAe, utanI mAtra saMpatti para prANiyoM kA svatva - adhikAra ( nyAyocita ) hai / jo usase adhika saMpatti para apanA adhikAra jatAtA hai, vaha cora hai, use daNDa milanA caahie| (8) ripuH stenaH steyakRddametu / (Rgveda-7/140/10) - corI karane vAlA (samAja kA ) zatru hai, usakA patana ho / corI kyA hai, isake kyA AyAma haiM- isakI vyAkhyA sAmAjika hita ke sandarbha meM kI gaI hai / jaina va vaidika-donoM dharmoM ke AcAryoM ne jo sUkSmatama cintana prastuta kiyA hai, usameM ekasvaratA spaSTa hotI hai| tRtIya khaNDa/389

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M ov000000000000dopoop S TARRANORFORMACORKARI ISRO BLUE RAJS4065800035800300388 :Paaudindi N ___ moha-janita mamatva se parigraha-vRtti kA saMvardhana hotA hai| mamatvabhAva ke kAraNa Asakti, tRSNA bar3hatI jAtI hai aura lobha kA varcasva baDhatA hai| yaha lobha samasta anarthoM kA kAraNa banatA hai| tRSNA kabhI zAnta nahIM hotI aura vyAkulatA banI hI rahatI hai| isa prakAra parigraha duHkhadAyaka hI siddha hotA hai| ataH 'aparigraha kI sAdhanA zreyaskara hai jisameM tRSNA, Asakti lobha kA damana kara santoSa, anAsakti va vairAgya kA saMvardhana karanA hotA hai| isa viSaya meM jaina va vaidika- donoM dharmoM ke cintana kI dizA samAna hI hai| (1) natthi eriso pAso pddibNdho| __(praznavyAkaraNa sUtra-1/5) - parigraha (Asakti) ke jaisA dUsarA koI bandhana nahIM hai| (2) jIvAH kaambndhnbndhnaaH| (mahAbhArata- 12/279/19) - jIva kAmanAoM ke bandhana meM baMdhe hue haiN| 4jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/390

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__ (3) loho svvvinnaasnno| (dazavaikAlika sUtra-8/38) - lobha saba kucha naSTa kara detA hai| (4) anarthAnAmadhiSThanamuktolobhaH pitAmaha ! (mahAbhArata - 12/159/1) - he pitAmaha ! lobha samasta anarthoM kA adhiSThAna (ghara) hai| (5) jahA loho tahA loho, lAhA loho pvddddhii| __ (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-5/17) - jyoM-jyoM lAbha hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM lobha hotA hai| lAbha se lobha bar3hatA hai| (6) tathaiva tRSNA vittena vardhamAnena vrdhte| (mahAbhArata- 12/276/7) - dhana ke bar3hane ke sAtha hI tRSNA bhI bar3hatI hai| (7) dukkhaM hayaM jassa na hoi moho, moho hao jassa na hoi thaa| taNhA hayA jassana hoi loho, loho haojassana kiNcnnaaii|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-32/8) - jo akiMcana (aparigrahI) hai, usake lobha nahIM hotaa| jisake lobha nahIM, usakI tRSNA nahIM hotii| jisakI tRSNA naSTa ho gaI, usakA moha bhI naSTa huA smjho| jisake moha nahIM rahA, vaha duHkha se mukta ho gyaa| tRtIya khaNDa/391

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__(8) lobhaM hitvAsukhI bhvet| (mahAbhArata-3/313/78) - lobha ko chor3ane para (hI) sukha prApta hotA hai| (9) mamattabhAvaM na kahiM ci kujjaa| (dazavaikAlikacUrNi- 2/8) - kahIM bhI mamatva bhAva nahIM karanA caahie| (10) mA mRdhaH ksysviddhnm| (IzAvAsyopaniSad-1) - kisI ke dhana para lAlaca mata kro| (11) suvaNNa-rUvassa upavvayA bhve,siyaahukelaassmaaasNkhyaa| NarassaluddhassaNa tehi kiMci, icchA huAgAsasamA annNtiyaa|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 9/48) - kailAza ke samAna sone aura cAMdI ke asaMkhya parvata bhI yadi pAsa meM hoM to bhI tRSNAzIla vyakti kI tRpti ke lie ve kucha nahIM ke barAbara haiM, kyoMki tRSNA AkAza ke samAna ananta hotI hai| (12) na vittena tarpaNIyo mnussyH| (kaThopaniSad- 1/127) - manuSya dhana se kabhI tRpta nahIM hotaa| jaina dharma eva vedika dharma kI sAragatika mA.3929

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(13) puDhavI sAlI javA ceva, hiraNNaM psubhissh| paDipuNNaM NAlamegassa, ii vijjA tavaM cre|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-9149) - cAvala, jau, sonA aura pazuoM sahita samUcI pRthvI bhI eka manuSya ke saMtoSa ke lie yatheSTa nahIM hai, yaha jAnakara manuSya virakti se saMtoSa kre| (14) pRthivI ratnasampUrNA hiraNyaM pazavaH striyH| nAlamekasya tat sarvamiti matvAzamaM vrajet // (mahAbhArata- 1/75/51) - ratnoM se bharI sArI pRthvI, saMsAra kA sArA suvarNa, sAre pazu aura sundara striyAM kisI eka puruSa ko mila jAeM, to bhI ve sabake saba usake lie paryApta nahIM hoMge, vaha aura bhI pAnA caahegaa|aisaa samajha kara zAnti dhAraNa karebhogecchA se virakta ho jaae| an parigraha kA artha hai- AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha karane kI ajJAnamaya vissy-aaskti| parigrahI vyakti sadA asaMtuSTa rahatA hai| usakI tRSNA baDhatI jAtI hai jo usake lie ananta duHkhaparamparA ko janma detI hai| isake viparIta, virakti, anAsakti, santoSa para AdhArita 'aparigraha' ke mArga ko apanA kara vyakti duHkhamukti kI ora agrasara hotA hai| isa sandarbha meM uparyukta uddharaNa jaina va vaidika- donoM dharmoM kI samAna vicAradhArA kA poSaNa karate haiN| nanIya gaDa/393

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0000000000000000 bhojn| PARMARAM 00and B dharma-sAdhanA kA sAdhana hai- shriir| kahA bhI hai- zarIramAcaM khalu dhrm-saadhnm|is zarIra ko svastha rakhane ke lie upayukta bhojana ke apekSA hotI hai| kintu bhojana kaba karanA cAhie, kaba nahIM, bhojana meM kyA grAhya vastueM hotI haiM- isa sambandha meM bhAratIya cintakoM va dharma-guruoM ne paryApta upadeza die haiN| vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM meM bhojana ke sambandha meM jo samAna vicAra-bindu haiM- unheM dRSTigata rakha kara kucha zAstrIya uddharaNa yahAM prastuta haiN| (1) asaMvibhAgI nahutassa mokkho| (dazavaikAlika sUtra-9/2/22) - jo saMyamI sAdhaka bhojana meM apane sAthiyoM ko saMvibhAgahissA nahIM detA, usakI mukti nahIM hotii| (2) kevalAgho bhavati kevlaadii| (Rgveda-10/117/6) - akelA khAne vAlA kevala pApa khAtA hai| jaina dharma vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika vAtA/394

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(rAtri-bhojana) (3) atthaMgayammi Aicce, puratthAya annugge| AhAramAiyaM savvaM, maNasA vi na ptthe| (dazavaikAlika sUtra-8/28) - sUrya asta hone se sUrya udaya hone taka, mumukSu sarva prakAra kI khAna-pAna kI mana se bhI icchA na kre| (4) varjanIyA mahArAjan ! nizIthe bhojnkriyaa| (mahAbhArata) - rAjan ! rAta meM bhojana karanA sarvathA chor3a denA caahie| 000 bhojana ko bAMTa kara khAnA aura rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA- ina do vicArabinduoM para donoM dharmoM kI samAna vicAradhArA kA nidarzana uparyukta uddharaNoM ke mAdhyama se huA hai| ukta vaicArika samAnatA paThanIya va mananIya hai| jaya rakhaNDa/395

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wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww CARRONARAYAN dhana-sampatti o- 888- 981 PORNO 0988888600ccooswwwss000000000008688000 pada sAmAnyataH dhana-sampatti ko loga sukha kA sAdhana samajhate haiN| kintu jaba buddhi se ajJAna kA AvaraNa haTatA hai to yaha viveka jAgRta hotA hai ki bhautika sukha-sampatti sukha kama, kintu duHkha adhika detI hai| dhana baTorane aura use surakSita rakhane meM hone vAlI vyAkulatA vyakti ko kabhI sukhI nahIM hone detI, apitu sadaiva tanAva, bhaya va AzaMkA se grasta rakhatI hai| ___asantoSa, tRSNA va lobha ke rahate hue vyakti kabhI sukhI nahIM ho sktaa| isake viparIta, santoSI va anAsakta vyakti thor3e meM hI sukhI rahatA hai| dharmAcaraNa va sAdhanA ke kSetra meM dhana kI koI upayogitA hai hI nahIM, kyoMki vahAM mana kI pavitratA va AtmIya zuddhi kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai| uparyukta vicAradhArA kA samarthana vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM meM huA hai| (1) asaMtuTThANaM iha parattha va bhyNti| (AcArAMga-cUrNi- 1/2/2) - santoSa-rahita vyakti ko yahAM-vahAM, sarvatra bhaya banA rahatA hai| . (2) santoSamUlaM hi sukhaM, duHkhamUlaM vipryyH| (manusmRti-4/12) jaina dharma modika dharma kI satata 11 3962

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- sukha kA mUla santoSa hai aura duHkha kA mUla tRSNA / (3) evamegesiM mahabbhayaM bhavai / - yaha parigraha hI logoM ke mahAbhaya kA hetu hai / - (4) arthepsutA paraM duHkhamarthaprAptau tato'dhikam / jAtasnehasya cArtheSu viprayoge mahattaram // ( mahAbhArata- 1/156/28) dhana kI icchA sabase bar3A duHkha hai, kintu dhana prApta karane meM to aura bhI adhika duHkha hai / jise prApta dhana meM Asakti ho gaI ho, dhana kA viyoga hone para usake duHkha kI to koI sImA hI nahIM rahatI / - - - (5) attho mUlamanatthANaM / ( AcArAMga sUtra - 1/5/2) (6) arthamanarthaM bhAvaya nityam / artha (dhana-saMpatti Adi) to anarthoM kA mUla hai| dhana saMpatti ko anarthakArI smjho| (7) dhaNeNa kiM dhammadhurAhigAre / vRtAya khaNDa 397 ( maraNasamAdhi - 603) (carpaTamaMjarI) (uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 14/17)

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- dharmAcaraNa meM dhana kI kyA upayogitA hai ? (arthAt kucha nhiiN)| (8) amRtatvasya nAzA'sti vitten| (bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad-2/4/3) -dhana se amRtatva (mokSa) kI prApti ho- aisI AzA nahIM kI jA sktii| 400 88888888888880 tRSNA va asantoSa ke sAtha adhikAdhika dhana-sampatti kA arjana duHkhadAyI hotA hai| kintu santoSa va anAsakti se use sukhadAyI banAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha vicAradhArA uparyukta zAstrIya uddharaNoM meM abhivyakta huI hai, sAtha hI jaina va vaidika- ina donoM dharmoM kI ekasvaratA bhI mukharita huI hai| na ki dharma kI sAskRtika pradAtA/3981

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446089900000000000000000000000086660 manuSya janma saMsAra meM anekAneka prANI haiN| unheM 84 lAkha yoniyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| indriyoM ke AdhAra para ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka 5 bheda haiN| gati ke AdhAra para para manuSya, deva, naraka, va tiryaJca- ye 4 bheda haiN| ina saba prANiyoM meM sarvazreSTha kauna hai- yaha jijJAsA svAbhAvika hai| sabhI dharmoM va darzanoM meM eka svara se manuSya-janma ko sarvazreSTha ghoSita kiyA hai| isakI zreSThatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki cintana-manana kara, Atmika unnati ke sarvocca sopAna para caDhane ke lie ucita puruSArtha karane kA suavasara isI manuSya-janma meM mila sakatA hai| isI suavasara ko kriyAnvita karanA manuSya-janma kI sArthakatA hai| (1) mANussaM khu sudullhN| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 20/11) - manuSya-janma ati durlabha hai| (2) guhyaM brahma tadidaM vo brviimi| namAnuSAcchreSThataraM hi kinycit|| (mahAbhArata- 12/299/20) tatIya khaNDa/399

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- (RSi veda vyAsa kahate hai) maiM tumheM eka rahasya kI bAta batAtA hUM- manuSya-janma se adhika koI zreSTha janma nahIM hai| (3) vidat svarmanave jyotiraarym| (Rgveda 10/43/4) - manuSya ko sukhada va zreSTha jJAna-jyoti prApta huI hai| puvvakammakhayahAe imaM dehNsmuddhre| ___ (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-6/14) - pUrvasaMcita karmoM ke kSaya (mokSa pAne) ke lie isa manuSya-deha ko dhAraNa kare, isa deha kA upayoga kre| (5) dhammaca kuNamANassa saphalA jaMti raaio| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 14/25) - dharmAcaraNa karane vAle vyakti kI hI rAtriyAM (rAta-dina) saphala hotI haiN| (6) etAvAn sAMkhyayogAbhyAM, svdhrmprinisstthyaa| janmalAbhaH paraH puMsAmante naaraaynn-smRtiH|| (bhAgavatapurANa- 2/1/6) - manuSya-janma kA yahI itanA lAbha hai ki cAhe jaise ho, jJAna se, bhakti se yA dharma-niSThA se, jIvana ko aisA banA liyA jAya ki mRtyu ke samaya 'paramezvara' smRti meM rhe| janama di dharma kI sArIka batA/4004

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(7) brAhmaNasya tu deho'yaM kSudrakAmAya neSyate / kRcchrAya tapase ceha pretyAnantasukhAya ca // (bhAgavata purANa- 11/17/42) - manuSya - yoni meM zreSThatama 'brAhmaNa' kA yaha jo deha milA hai, - vaha viSaya-bhoga jaise tuccha kAma meM gaMvAne ke lie nahIM hai, apitu tapasyA kara aura marane ke bAda anantasukha (mokSa) kI prApti hetu puruSArtha karane ke lie prApta huA hai| manuSya janma kI zreSThatA va durlabhatA ko vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM muktakaMTha se svIkArA hai| saMyamI jIvana jIkara, mokSa-hetu puruSArtha kiyA jAe, tabhI isa manuSya-janma kI zreSThatA sArthaka hogI- isa vicAradhArA kA donoM dharma samarthana karate haiM / tRtIya khaNDa/401

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RRO80000000000STA pratyeka prANI sukha cAhatA hai| jina vastuoM se use sukha milatA hai, ve use priya lagatI haiN| jinase duHkha milatA hai, ve use apriya lagatI haiN| isa saMsAra meM aneka vastueM logoM ko priya lagatI haiM to aneka apriya bhI, kintu una saba meM jo sabase adhika priya vastu hai, vaha hai- jiivn| sabhI prANI jIvana cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| kintu yaha jIvana anitya hotA hai| isa vinazvara jIvana meM dharmAcaraNa kiyA jAya to bhAvI jIvana sukhamaya ho sakatA hai| sabhI dhArmika paramparAoM meM isa satya ko eka svara meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| (1) savvesiM jIviyaM piyN| (AcArAMga sUtra- 1/2/3) - saba ko apanA jIvana priya hotA hai| (2) - srvojiivitumicchti| (yogavAziSTha) - sabhI prANI jIvita rahanA cAhate haiN| jaina dharma i ddika dharma kI Rip fi: Third 402 >> >

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(3) nahyAtmanaH priyataraMkiJcidbhUteSu nishcitm| aniSTaM sarvabhUtAnAM maraNaM nAma bhArata // (mahAbhArata- 11/7/27) - apanI AtmA, apane jIvana se adhika pyArI vastu prANiyoM kI nahIM hotii|sbhii prANiyoM ke lie sabase adhika aniSTakArI koI vastu hai, to vaha hai- mRtyu| (4) amedhyamadhye kITasya, surendrasya suraalye| sadRzI jIvane vAJchA, tulyaM mRtyu-bhayaM dvyoH|| (gItA rahasya) - indra meM aura amedhya-viSThA-gata kIDe meM, donoM meM jIvana kI AkAMkSA aura mRtyu kA bhaya samAna hai| (jIvana kI anityatA) __(5) jIviyaM ceva rUvaMca, vijusNpaaycNclN| __(uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 18/73) - yaha jIvana aura saundarya bijalI kI camaka kI taraha caMcala (anitya) hai| (6) nAyamatyantasaMyogo labhyate jAtu kencit| api svena zarIreNa kimutAnyena kencit|| (mahAbhArata- 12/28/52) - kisI ko bhI aisA koI saMyoga prApta nahIM hai jo nitya ho aura kisI saMyoga kI bAta to dUra, yaha jo zarIra kA saMyoga hameM prApta huA hai, vaha bhI nitya nahIM hotaa| tRtIya khaNDa/403 .

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(dhArmika jIvana zreyaskara) (7) ekohudhammo naradeva tANaM, Na vijjai aNNamiheha kiNci| ___(uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 14/40) - eka dharma ko chor3akara aura koI aisA nahIM hai jo jIvana meM hitakara-rakSaka hotA hai| (8) svalpamapyasya dharmasya trAyate mahato bhyaat| (gItA- 2/40) - jIvana meM dharma kA thor3A-sA bhI pAlana vyakti kI mahAbhaya se rakSA karatA hai| 000 388 pratyeka prANI meM vidyamAna jijIviSA (jIne kI cAha), jIvana kI anityatA evaM jIvana meM mAtra dharmAnuSThAna kI zreyaskaratA- ina tInoM ko vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM ne apane udabodhana-upadezoM meM rekhAMkita kiyA hai| jaunapadika dharma kI sAma1i11 404

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00000000000000 DoordaarROE220000000car sanmArga 33000000 9000000689 jIvana eka yAtrA hai| mRtyu eka par3Ava hai| isa yAtrA kA lakSya hotA hai- saMsAra-mukti / isa lakSya kI pUrti ke lie antarjAgaraNa, apramAda, saMyamatapa kI sAdhanA aMgIkAra karanI hotI hai| anyathA, yAtrI lakSya se cyuta ho jAtA hai aura anantAnanta kAla taka yAtrA meM hI bhaTakatA rahatA hai| isI tathya kI abhivyakti vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM ke sAhitya meM huI hai| (1) amaggaM pariyANAmi, maggaM uvsNpjjaami| (Avazyaka sUtra-4/pratikramaNapATha) - maiM amArga-asatmArga kA parityAga karatA hUM, mArga- sanmArga ko svIkAra karatA huuN| (2) duzcaritAbAdhasvAmAsucarite bhj| (yajurveda-4/28) - mujhe duSkarmoM se bacAkara satkarmoM meM dRr3hatA se sthApita kiijie| tRtIya svAeDa405

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(3) asato mA sdgmy| (bRhadAraNyakopaniSad- 1/3/28) - mujhe asat (mArga) se sat (mArga) kI ora le clo| (4) uhie nopmaaye| (AcArAMga sUtra- 1/5/2) - Atman ! uTho, pramAda na kro| (5) uttiSThata jaagrt| (kaThopaniSad-3/14) - uTho, jaago| (6) pamAyaM kammamAhaMsu, appamAyaM thaavrN| (sUtrakRtAMga- 1/8/3) - pramAda karma (bandhana) hai, apramAda akarma (bandhana-nirodha) hai| (7) pramAdaM vai mRtyumahaM brviimi| tathA'pramAdamamRtatvaM brviimi|| (mahAbhArata-5/2/4) - maiM pramAda ko mRtyu aura apramAda ko amaratA kahatA huuN| aon vartamAna jIvana meM hI bhAvI jIyana kI rUparekhA taiyAra kI jAtI hai| sanmArga kA AzrayaNa, tathA satata jAgarUkatA se bhAvI jIvana ko prazasta banAyA jA sakatA hai| uparyukta uddharaNoM meM vaidika va jainadonoM dharmoM kI samAna vicAradhArA pravAhita hote dekha sakate haiN| jaina dharma etadika dharma kI sAkRtika ekatA/406

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jIvana meM sukha ke dina bhI Ate haiM to duHkha ke bhii| ukta sukhaduHkha kA kAraNa kyA hai yA inakA pradAtA yA niyAmaka kauna hai- yaha jijJAsA svAbhAvika hai| isakA samAdhAna vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM kiyA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM svakRta karmoM ko hI sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| vaidika dharma meM bhI, yadyapi Izvara prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha kA niyantA hai, phira bhI vaha prANiyoM dvArA kiye gaye karmoM ke anurUpa hI phala detA hai - aisA mAnA jAtA hai| isa saMdarbha meM, vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM ke zAstrIya uddharaNa prastuta haiM jinameM vaicArika samatA abhivyakta hotI hai| (1) jayaM care jayaM ciTThe, jayamAse jayaM sae / jayaM bhuMjato bhAsato, pAvakammaM na baMdhai // ( dazavaikAlika sUtra - 4/8) - jo sAdhaka yatanA- saMyama yA viveka se cale, khar3A ho, baiThe, - soe, khAe aura bole, usake pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA / (2) yat karoSi yadaznAsi, yajjuhoSi dadAsi yat / yattapasyasi kaunteya, tatkurusva madarpaNam // tRtIya khaNDa/407

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zubhAzubhaphalairevaM mokSyase krmbndhnaiH| (gItA-9/27-28) - arjuna! tuma jo karate ho, khAte ho, homate ho, dete ho, tapate ho, vaha saba mujhe arpaNa kara do| arthAt yaha saba tuma mujhe arpaNa karate hue kro| isa prakAra, tuma samasta zubha yA azubha phaloM vAle karma-bandhana se mukta ho jaaoge| (3) savvabhUyappabhUyassa, smmbhuuyaaiNpaaso| pihiyAsavassa daMtassa, paavkmmnbNdhi|| (dazavaikAlika sUtra-4/9) - jo jagat ke saba jIvoM ko Atmavat samajhatA hai, saba jIvoM ' ko sama bhAva se dekhatA hai, jo Asrava (karma-Agamana) kA nirodha kara cukA hai, jo damayukta (jitendriya) hai, usake pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| (4) yogayukto vizuddhAtmA, vijitAtmA jitendriyH| sarvabhUtAtmabhUtAtmA, kurvannapi na lipyte|| (gItA- 5/7) - jisane yoga sAdhA hai, antaratama ko vizuddha kiyA hai, mana aura indriyoM ko jItA hai aura jo prANI mAtra ko apane jaisA hI samajhatA hai, aisA manuSya karma karate hue bhI usase alipta rahatA hai| (5) jaMjArisaMpuvvamakAsi kamma, tameva Agacchati sNpraae| (sUtrakRtAMga- 1/5/2/23 - AtmA ne jaise karma kiye haiM, saMsAra meM usI ke anusAra use phala milatA hai| jaina dharma ekodita dharma kI sAragatika patA/4082

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(6) yathAkraturasmin lokepuruSo bhavati, tathaiva pretya bhvti| (chAndogya upaniSad-3/14/1) ___ - yahAM isa loka meM jo jaisA kArya karatA hai, vaha paraloka meM vaisA hI phala pAtA hai| (7) kammasaccA hu paanninno| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-7/20) - prANI jaise karma karate haiM, sacamuca vaisA hI phala pAte haiN| __(8) anyaduHsaMjAtamanyada, ityetnnoppdyte| (manusmRti-9/40) - boyA jAe kucha aura hI, utpanna ho kucha aura hI, aisA kabhI nahIM hotaa| (9) sakammuNA vipriyaasuvei| (sUtrakRtAMga sUtra- 1/7/11) - (ajJAnI) vyakti apane karma (asat karma-pApa) se hI du:khI hotA hai| (10) hiMstraH svapApeNa vihisataH khalu sAdhuH samatvena bhyaadvimucyte|| (bhAgavata purANa- 10/8/31) - pApI apane pApa se hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| sAdhu puruSa apanI samatA se hI bhayavimukta ho jAtA hai| - tRtIya khaNDa/409

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(11) kattArameva aNujAi kammaM / (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 13/23) * karma apane kartA ke pIche-pIche calatA hai| - (12) yathA dhenu - sahastreSu, vatso yAti svamAtaram / tathA pUrvakRtaM karma, kartAramanugacchati // ( mahAbhArata- 12/181/16) - hajAroM gAyoM meM bhI jaise bachar3A sIdhA apanI mAtA ke pAsa jAtA hai, usI prakAra karma bhI apane kartA kA anugamana karatA hai| (13) kaDANa kammANa na mukkha atthi / ( uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 4/3) - binA bhoge, kiye hue karmoM se mokSa-chuTakArA nahIM hotA / (14) avazyameva bhoktavyaM kRtaM karmazubhAzubham / (vivekacUDAmaNi) - acche-bure kiye hue karma nizcita rUpa se bhogane hI par3ate haiM / - (15) saMsAramAvanna parassa aTThA, sAhAraNe jaM ca karer3a kammaM / kammassa te tassa u veyakAle Na baMdhavA baMdhavayaM uvaiti // (uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 4/4) - saMsArI jIva apane lie aura dUsaroM ke lie jo sAdhAraNa bhI karma karatA hai, usa karma ke phala-bhoga meM koI sambandhI jana hissA nahIM baMTAte / jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/ 410

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(16) saJcinotyazubhaM karma, kalatrApekSayA nrH| eka: klezAnavApnoti, paratreha ca maanvH|| (mahAbhArata- 12/171/25) - manuSya strI, putra Adi kuTumbI janoM ke lie pApa-karmoM kA saMcaya karatA hai, kintu isa loka meM aura paraloka meM use akele hI una (pApakarmoM) kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| (17) jIveNasayaMkaDedukkhaM vedeina prkdde| (bhagavatI sUtra- 1/2) - jIva apanA hI kiyA huA duHkha bhogatA hai, dUsare kA kiyA huA nhiiN| (18) dukkhe keNa kaDe?antakaDe, kenn?pmaayenn| (bhagavatI sUtra- 17/5) - duHkha kisane kiyA? AtmA ne kiyaa| kisa taraha kiyA? pramAda se kiyaa| (19) AtmAnameva manyante kartAraM sukh-duHkhyoH| (caraka saMhitA) - sukha aura duHkha ko apanA kiyA huA hI smjheN| (20) suciNNA kammA suciNNaphalA bhvNti| duciNNA kammA ducciNaphalA bhavaMti // (dazAzruta skandha-6) - acche karmoM ke acche phala hote haiM aura bure karmoM ke bure phl| tIya khaNDa:411

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(21) puNyo vaipuNyena karmaNA pApaH paapeneti| (bRhadAraNyakopaniSad-3/2/13) - puNya-karma se manuSya pavitra aura pApa-karma se apavitra banatA hai| (22) karmabhUmiriyaM loke,iti kRtvA shubhaashubhm| zubhaiH zubhamavApnoti, tthaa'shubhmthaanythaa|| (mahAbhArata- 12/192/19) - yaha jagat karma-bhUmi hai| isameM manuSya zubha karmoM kA zubha aura azubha karmoM kA azubha phala pAtA hai| jaisA boe bIja, vaisA pAe phala- yaha kahAvata khetI meM pUrNataH caritArtha hotI hai| yahI sthiti karmavAda meM bhI mAnya hai| jaisA karma rUpI bIja boeMge, vaisA hI sukha-duHkha Adi phala prApta hoNge| karmavAda vaijJAnika kAryakAraNa sambandha se jur3A hai jisakI vyAkhyA vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM eka samAna vaicArika dRSTi ke sAtha kI gaI hai| jaina dharma medika dharma kI sAratika emA/412

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Wooda88888888226900pa sivandurava opencome 88880000000000000000000000888 Pawwwww8888888 R E888888des SSC0 000 88888888888800008BAR 26000000000000000000000000000008 sukha-duHkha sAMsArika jIvana ke aMga haiN| kintu sukha saba ko priya hai aura duHkha nitAnta apriy| ye sukha-duHkha kyA haiM? svayaMkRta haiN| prazasta bhAvoM se bhAvI sukhamaya jIvana kA aura aprazasta bhAvoM se duHkhamaya jIvana kA nirmANa hotA hai| zreSTha AtmA vaha hotI hai jo sukha-duHkha donoM hI sthitiyoM meM samabhAva se rahatI hai| na sukha meM madamatta aura na hI duHkha meM vissaadgrst| aisI AtmA hI parama yogI hai| isa vicAradhArA ko vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM samarthana milA hai| (1) savvepANAsuhasAyA, DhuhapaGkUilA, appiyavahA, piyjiivinno| (AcArAMga sUtra- 1/2/3) - sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha acchA lagatA hai, duHkha burA, jIvana priya hai, mRtyu apriy| (2) duHkhAdudvijate sarvaH, sarvasya sukhmiipsitm| (mahAbhArata- 12/139/62) - saba jIva sukha cAhate haiM, duHkha se ghabarAte haiN| uIya rA3, 413 | D

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AtmA hI hai| (3) kiMbhayA pANA ? dukkhabhayA pANA / - prANiyoM ko kisakA bhaya hai ? duHkha kA / (4) appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| - duHkha (sthAnAMga sUtra- 3 ) (uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 20/37) aura sukha kA karane vAlA aura na karane vAlA svayaM (5) AtmanA vihitaM duHkhamAtmanA vihitaM sukham / ( mahAbhArata- 12/181/14) - duHkha aura sukha AtmA kA hI kiyA huA hai| (6) kA araI ke ANaMde / ( AcArAMga sUtra - 1/4/3) - jJAnI ke lie arati kyA hai aura Ananda kyA hai ? (arthAt jJAnI viSAda yA Ananda ke kSaNoM meM eka jaisA rahatA hai | ) (7) sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM, sa yogI paramo mataH / (gItA - 6/32) - sukha ho yA duHkha, donoM ko jo samAna samajhatA hai, vaha paramautkRSTa yogI mAnA gayA hai| 000 jaina dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 414 sukha-duHkha ke viSaya meM vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM paryApta cintana huA hai| usameM nihita vicAra - sAmya ko uparyukta uddharaNoM meM spaSTa paDhA jA sakatA hai|

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88888888888888888888888888888888888888888 aaaagr0008888888880 a M 889. 800 - - CATEGOR8856003% 8 E 9 88sonam.com 2900300 w ILIATION manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai|saamaajiktaa manuSya ko parasparasaMgaThita hone ke lie prerita karatI hai| maitrI bhAvanA sAmAjikatA ko nayA AyAma detI hai| kintu vaira bhAvanA sAmAjikatA kI vidhAtaka hai| yaha vyakti-vyakti meM dUrI ko bar3hAtI hai aura samAja ke tAne-bAne ko chinna-bhinna karatI hai| isa cintana ke Aloka meM vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM kalyANakArI udbodhana die gae haiN| (1) mittI me svvbhuuesu| (Avazyaka sUtra- vaMdittu, 50) - prANI mAtra se merI maitrI ho| (2) mitrasya cakSuSA smiikssaamhe| (yajurveda-36/18) - hama sabako mitra kI dRSTi se dekheN| (3) mettiM bhUesu kppe| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-6/2) - saba jIvoM para mitra bhAva rkheN| tIya saNDa/415

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(vaira) sarvA AzA mama mitraM bhavantu / (atharvaveda, 19/15/6) -saba dizAeM merI mitra hoN| (5) veraM majhaM na kenni| (Avazyaka sUtra, vaMdittu sUtra) - merA kisI se vaira nahIM hai| (6) na cemaM dehamAzritya vairaM kurvIta kencit| (manusmRti-6/47) -isa anitya zarIra ko lekara kisI ke sAtha vaira na kro| (dveSa-virodha) (7) na virujjheja kenni| (sUtrakRtAMga sUtra-1/11/12) -kisI ke sAtha virodha nahIM karanA caahie| (8) mAno dvikSata kshcn| (atharvaveda-12/1/23) -hama kisI se dveSa na kreN| 000 MONapaNa. maitrI karaNIya hai aura vaira-vidveSa-virodha tyAjya haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti ke isa zAzvata kalyANakArI udbodhana ko vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM ne paryApta pracArita-prasArita kiyA hai aura mAnavatA ko vinAza se bacAne kA satprayAsa kiyA hai| D Zjena dharma evaM dika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/416

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rAmrarI 888888888888888888888888 sAmAjika jIvana meM dekhA gayA hai ki madhyastha vyakti kA sabhI Adara karate haiN| paraspara-virodhI dala bhI usa para vizvAsa va AsthA rakhate haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki madhyastha pUrNata: taTastha hotA hai| vaha na kisI ke prati pakSapAta karatA hai aura na hI vidveSa / isI madhyasthatA ko AdhyAtmika/dhArmika kSetra meM 'samatva' nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| samatva bhAva se yukta vyakti kI dRSTi sabhI vyaktiyoM, sabhI prANiyoM meM apanI jaisI abhinna caitanya svarUpa AtmA ko dekhatI jAnatI hai, unheM AtmIya, parakIya, mitra yA zatru ke rUpa meM mAnatI-samajhatI nahIM hai| isI samatva-dRSTi ke vikasita hone para vItarAgatA kI yA paramayogI va gItA ke sthitaprajJa kI sthiti prApta hotI hai| jaina va vaidika dharmoM meM isa samatva/samabhAva ko samAna rUpa se atyanta Adara diyA gayA hai| (1) attasame mannija chppikaae| (dazavakAlika sUtra-1075) - chahoM kAyoM ke (ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka) samasta jIvoM ko apane samAna smjho| tIya khaNDa/417

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(2) sarvabhUteSu vartitavyaM ythaa''tmni| ___(mahAbhArata, 12/167/9) -sabhI prANiyoM se Atma-tulya vyavahAra kre| (3) Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjun| sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sa yogI paramo mtH|| (gItA-6/32) -arjuna! parama yogI vaha hai, jo sarvatra Atmopama-samatA kA darzana karatA hai aura sukha va duHkha ko bhI samAna bhAva se dekhatA hai| (4) samayAe samaNo hoi| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-25/32) - samatA kA AcaraNa karane se hI zramaNa hotA hai| (5) samatvaM yoga ucyte| (gItA-2/48) -samatva (samatA) hI yoga (AdhyAtmika ucca sthiti) hai| (6) lAbhAlAbhe suhe dukkhe, jIvie maraNe thaa| samo jiMdApasaMsAsu, tahA maannaavmaanno|| __(uttarAdhyayana sUtra-19/91) -- sAdhu vaha hai jo lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha, jIvanamRtyu, nindA-prazaMsA aura sammAna-apamAna meM samabhAva rkhe| jaina dharma eva vaidika dharma kI sAratatika ekatA/418

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(7) ye na hRSyanti lAbheSu, nAlAbheSuvyathanti c| nirmamA nirahaMkArAH sattvasthAH smdrshinH|| (mahAbhArata, 12/158/33) ___ - ve mahApuruSa samatvadRSTi vAle hote haiM jo lAbha meM kabhI phUle nahIM samAte aura hAni meM kabhI vyathita nahIM hote, aura jo mamatva-rahita evaM nirabhimAnI hote haiN| (8) samaH zatrau ca mitreca, tathA maanaapmaanyoH| zItoSNasukhaduHkheSu samaH snggvivrjitH|| __ (gItA-12/18-19) - zatru-mitra, mAna-apamAna, sardI-garmI, sukha-duHkha- ina saba meM jo samAna rahakara Asakti se dUra rahatA hai, vaha merA bhakta (sAdhaka hai)| samatva zramaNa (jaina) saMskRti kA utsa hai| pratyeka jaina zramaNa (sAdhu) ke lie samatvasampanna honA atyAvazyaka hai| vaidika saMskRti meM bhI gItA ke sthitaprajJa kI jo avadhAraNA hai, vaha 'samatva' para hI AdhArita hai| isa prakAra, vaidika va jaina-ina donoM dharmoM meM kiye gaye samatva-sambandhI nirUpaNoM meM upalabdha vicAra-sAmya ke kAraNa ekasUtratA va ekasvaratA mukharita hotI hai, jisakI puSTi uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hotI hai / tRtIya tarAI/419

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8000000000000000 suravalyAnti RESERasa P sukha-zAnti kA jIvana jIeM-yaha sabhI kI abhilASA rahatI hai| kintu saMsAra hai to samasyAeM haiM, aura samasyAeM sukha va zAMti ke sthAna para duHkha va azAnti paidA karatI haiN| vAstava meM, yadi sukha-zAnti pAnA hai to duHkha va azAnti ke mUla kAraNoM ko jAnakara unakA nirAkaraNa karanA hogaa| bhAratIya dharmAcAryoM ne duHkha ke mUla ko pahacAnA thaa| mamatva, Asakti, ahaMkAra Adi manovikAra hI duHkha va azAnti ke mUla kAraNa haiN| yadi sukha va zAnti pAnA hai to mamatva Adi vikAroM para vijaya pAnA tathA unheM nirbala va nirmUla karanA Avazyaka hai| prAyaH bhautika sAdhanoM ko sukha-zAnti kA sAdhana samajhA jAtA hai| kintu ve sAdhana vyakti ko saMtuSTi nahIM de pAte, aura duHkha ke kAraNa banate haiN| uparyukta zAzvata satya kI udghoSaNA meM jaina va vaidika -donoM dharmoM kI sahabhAgitA rahI hai| (1) nimmamo nirahaMkAro,vIyarAgo annaasvo| saMpatto kevalaM nANaM, sAsayaM prinivvui|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-35/21) -mamatva va ahaMkAra se rahita, vItarAga tathA nirAsrava hokara, kevala jJAna (sarvajJatA) pAkara jIva zAzvata nirvRti (sukha) meM lIna ho jAtA hai| jaina dharma ena vaidika dharma kI sAMskRtika evatA/420

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(2) vihAya kAmAn yaHsarvAn, pumAMzcarati niHspRhH| nirmamo nirahaGkAraH, sa shaantimdhigcchti|| (gItA-2/71) - jo puruSa saba kAmanAoM kA tyAga kara, icchA, mamatA aura ahaMkAra se rahita hokara vicaratA hai, vahI zAnti pAtA hai| (3) nakAmabhogA samayaM uti| __(uttarAdhyayana sUtra-32/101) - kAma-bhogoM se zAnti nahIM mila sktii| (4) na jAtu kAmaH kAmAnAmupabhogena shaamyti| haviSA kRSNavarmeva bhUya evaabhivrdhte| (mahAbhArata-1/65/50) - ghI sIMcane se jisa prakAra agni bar3hatI hai, usI prakAra upabhoga se Atma-zAnti kI jagaha tRSNA (aura usase utpanna azAnti) aura bhI adhika bar3hatI hai| 000 33-2088888888 niSkAmatA, niHspRhatA va niramimAnatAye sukha,zAnti kI AdhArazilAAeM haiN| kAmabhogoM ke sevana se zAnti milatI hai-yaha bhrama hai, ajJAna hai| vaidika va jaina dharma ke uparyukta zAstrIya uddharaNoM meM ukta vicAradhArA kA samAna rUpa se samarthana huA hai| tRtIya khaNDa/421

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AcaraNa vyavahAra meM hama dekhate haiM ki mAtra jJAna se abhISTa kI siddhi nahIM hotI, usake lie tadanurUpa AcaraNa bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| agni' sambandhI jJAna se rasoI kA bhojana nahIM paka sakatA hai, apitu agni jalAkara usa para khAdya padArtha rakhane va pakAne kI kriyA sampanna karane se hI bhojana banAyA jA sakatA hai| isI taraha, davA ke guNa Adi jAnane se roga nahIM dUra ho sakatA, balki davA ko khAne se hI roga miTa sakatA hai| dhArmika kSetra meM bhI tAttvika jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha tadanurUpa sadAcAra kA honA bhI jarUrI hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai-jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSaH, arthAt jJAna va kriyA- inake samanvaya se hI mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai| AcaraNahIna jJAnI vyakti jJAna-nidhi kA svAmI hote hue bhI usa gadhe ke samAna hai jo candana kI lakar3iyoM kA bhAra DhotA huA bhI usakI zItalatA se lAbhAnvita nahIM ho paataa| vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM ne ukta cintana ko samarthana diyA hai| (1) jahA kharocaMdaNabhAravAhI, bhArassa bhAgI nhucNdnnss| evaMkhuNANI caraNeNa hINo, bhArassa bhAgINa husuggiie|| __ (vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-1158) ___- jaise candana kA bhAra Dhone vAlA gadhA kevala bhAra kA hI bhAgI hotA hai, candana kI saurabha va zItalatA use nahIM miltii| usI prakAra, AcaraNahIna vyakti kA jJAna bhI kevala bhAra rUpa hI hai, sugati kA dAtA nhiiN| jaina dharma ekadika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/4221

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(2) zAstrAvagAhaparighaTTanatatparo'pi, naivAbudhaH samabhigacchati vstutttvm| nAnAprakArasabhAvagatA'pidarvI, svAdassasyasuciraMna hivettikiNcit|| (sUtrakRtAMga sUtra-vRtti) ___ - mAtra zAstroM meM DUbe rahane vAlA ajJAnI vyakti vastu-tattva se usI prakAra aparicita rahatA hai, jisa prakAra cirakAla paryanta vividha sarasa padArthoM meM DUbI huI kaDuchI (cammaca) unake svAda se anabhijJa rahatI hai| (3) yasya nAsti nijA prajJA kevalaMtu bhushrutH| na sa jAnAti zAstrArtha darvI suuprsaaniv|| __ (mahAbhArata, 2155/1) -- jisake pAsa apanI buddhi nahIM hai, kevala raTanta vidyA se bahuzruta ho gayA hai, vaha zAstra ke mUla tAtparya ko nahIM samajha sakatA, ThIka usI taraha jaise kalachI dAla ke rasa ko nahIM jaantii| - (4) hayaM nANaM kiyaahiinnN| (vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-1159) -kriyAhIna korA jJAna vinaSTa (hue jaisA) ho jAtA hai| (5) vRttatastu hato htH| (mahAbhArata, 5/36/30) - cAritra (sadAcAra) se bhraSTa hone para vyakti svayaM naSTa ho jAtA hai| 88888888888888 jJAnI ke jJAna kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki vaha sadAcArI bhI ho| isa mAnyatA ko vaidika va jaina donoM dharmoM meM svIkArA gayA hai| yaha tathya uparyukta uddharaNoM meM mukharita huA hai| ijiltya sva05/423

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__ snAna do taraha kA hotA hai-zArIrika va mAnasika yA aadhyaatmik| snAna isalie kiyA jAtA hai tAki zarIra para saMcita maila ko dUra kiyA jA ske| AdhyAtmika snAna bhI AtmA ke pApa-mala ko dUra kara use ujjvalatA pradAna karatA hai| zArIrika snAna kI apekSA AtmA rUpI tIrtha meM kiye jAne vAle snAna kI zreSThatA nirvivAda hai kyoMki isase bAra-bAra ke deha-dhAraNa se bhI mukti pAne kA mArga prazasta hotA hai| vaidika va jaina-donoM dharmo meM isa AdhyAtmika snAna kI mahatI upayogitA mAnI gaI hai aura snAna kI vividha sAmagriyoM kA vividha tarIkoM se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| (1) dhamme harae baMbhe saMti titthe, aNAvile attpsnnnnlesse| jahiMsiNAo vimalo visuddho, susIibhUopajahAmi dosN|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-12/46) -dharma merA jalAzaya hai, brahmacarya merA zAnti-tIrtha hai, AtmA kI prasanna lezyA (ujjvala pariNAma) merA nirmala ghATa hai, jahA~ snAna kara maiM mala-rahita aura vizuddha hokara doSoM kA tyAga karatA huuN|

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(2) agAdhe vimale zuddhe, satya-toye, dhRti-hRde| snAtavyaM mAnasetIrthe, sattvamAlambya shaashvtm|| (mahAbhArata, 13/108/13) - satya rUpI agAdha, nirmala aura zuddha jala se bhare hue, dhairya rUpI sarovara se yukta mAnasa (mana rUpI) tIrtha meM satva-sadguNoM kA Alambana lekara snAna karanA caahie| (3) nodaka-klinna-gAtrastu, snAta itybhidhiiyte| sasnAti yo dama-snAtaH, sa bAhyAbhyantaraH shuciH|| (mahAbhArata, 13/108/9) - jisakA zarIra jala se kevala bhIga gayA, vaha vastuta: snAtasnAna kiyA huA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jo dama-saMyama meM snAna karatA hai, vahI bAhara se aura bhItara se pavitra hai| , (4) vayasammattavisuddhe paMcendiyasaMjade niraavekkhe| NhAUNa muNI titthe| (bodha prAbhRta, 26) -vrata va samyaktva se zuddhatA ko prApta, paMcendriyajayI va nirAsakta (AtmA) hI tIrtha hai, usameM snAna kreN| (5) jAjale tiirthmaatmaiv| (mahAbhArata, 12/255/36) - he maharSi jAjale! yaha AtmA hI tIrtha hai| pIya saNDa, 425

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(6) tIrthAnAM hRdayaM tIrthaM zucInAM hRdayaM shuci| (mahAbhArata, 12/186/17) - samasta tIrthoM kA hRdaya (prANabhUta) tIrtha hai-zuddhAtmAoM kA zuddha ant:krnn| 000 888888 dainika jIvana meM pratidina snAna kI upayogitA sarvavidita hai| kintu jJAnIvivekI manISiyoM kI dRSTi meM zArIrika snAna kI apekSA mAnasika snAna ko adhika zreyaskara va zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| isa AdhyAtmika/mAnasika snAna ke dvArA pavitra hokara hI sAdhanA ke kSetra meM agrasara huA jA sakatA hai-isa satya ko vaidika va jaina -donoM dharmoM ne samAna rUpa se ekasvara se udghoSita kiyA hai| jaina dharma padika dharma kI sAMskRtika ekatA/426K

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CO9 0000000000 A000AMACH AAAAAA poooz SRI sAdhunta RRB0008 - sAdhutva ko mAtra eka viziSTa vezabhUSA meM sImita karanA ucita nahIM hai| vezabhUSA to gauNa hai, sAdhutva kI asalI pahacAna to usake virakti Adi guNa haiN| isIlie kahA gayA hai- guNehiM sAhU, aguNehiM asAhU, arthAt guNoM se hI sAdhutva hotA hai, anyathA asAdhutva hI hai| vaidika va jaina-donoM dharmoM meM ukta satya ko vizeSa rUpa se rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| (1) navi muMDieNa samaNo, na oMkAreNa bNbhnno| namuNI raNNavAseNaM, kusacIreNa na taavso|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-25/31) - koI sira muMDAne se hI zramaNa nahIM hotA aura na oMkAra kA japa karane se koI brAhmaNa hotA hai| usI prakAra na vana meM vAsa karane se koI muni aura na hI valkala-vRkSa kI chAla dhAraNa karane se tApasa' hotA hai| (2) maunAnna munirbhavati, naarnnyvsnaanmuniH| svalakSaNaMtu yo veda, sa muniH zreSTha ucyte|| (mahAbhArata, 5/43/60) tRtIya vAI,427

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- jaMgala meM nivAsa karane se athavA mauna dhAraNa karane se koI muni nahIM ho jAtA, jo muni ke niyamoM ko jAnakara unakA AcaraNa karatA hai, vahI zreSTha muni hai| 000 sAdhutva AtmIya guNa hai na ki deha kA / bhautika cinhoM meM bhI sAdhutva nihita nahIM hotaa| vaha to AtmIya ucalatA se jur3I eka avasthA hai| uparyukta uddharaNoM ke mAdhyama se vaidika va jaina - ina donoM dharmoM meM mAnya sAdhutva-sambandhI . prarUpaNA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| jaina dharma ena ditA dharma kI sAtika ena11/428

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Macossoccess & Mastarai varNa va jAti ke rUpa meM sAmAjika vibhAjana kI paramparA prAcIna kAla se bhArata meM pravartamAna hai| usa vibhAjana kA AdhAra guNa-karma yA janma hoisa para vicArakoM meM kabhI-kabhI matabheda bhI rahA hai| kintu aneka prasiddha bhAratIya manISiyoM ke anusAra jAti kA AdhAra janma nahIM honA cAhie, guNa va karma honA caahie| vaidika paramparA kI gItA meM svayaM zrIkRSNa kA kathana hai- cAturvayaM mayA sRSTaM guNakarmavibhAgazaH (gItA-) arthAt cAroM vargoM kI racanA guNa-karma ke anusAra kI gaI hai| jaina paramparA bhI prArambha ke anusAra hI sAmAjika vibhAjana kI pakSadhara rahI hai| janma se koI UMca yA nIca nahIM hotA, guNa va karma ke AdhAra para hI koI zreSTha yA adhama hotA hai-isa mAnyatA ko vaidika va jaina-donoM dharmoM ke sAhitya meM rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| (1) kammuNA baMbhaNo hoi, kammuNA hoiikhttio| vaisso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kmmunnaa|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-25/33) - manuSya apane karma (AcaraNa) se hI brAhmaNa hotA hai evaM kSatriya, vaizya tathA zUdra bhI karma se hI hotA hai| JIya rasApaDa 429

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(2) tapasA brAhmaNo jaatstsmaajaatirkaarnnm| (mahAbhArata) - (cANDAla aura macchImAra Adi ke ghara meM janme) adhama kahe jAne vAle logoM ne bhI tapasyA se brAhmaNatva prApta kara liyA, isalie jAti koI tAttvika vastu nahIM hai| (3) sakkhaM khudIsai tvo-viseso| na dIsai jAi-visesa koii|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-12/37) -jAti kI koI vizeSatA nahIM hai, tapasyA kA hI prabhAva sAkSAt dekhA jAtA hai| (4) zUdro brAhmaNatAmeti brAhmaNazcaiti shuudrtaam| (manusmRti-10/65) -sadAcAra ke pAlana se zUdra brAhmaNa ho sakatA hai aura bure AcaraNa se brAhmaNa bhI shuudr| 000 zreSThatA kA nirdhAraNa sadguNoM va sadAcAroM ke AdhAra para karaNIya hai, na ki usa vaMza yA kula ke AdhAra para jahAM vaha vyakti janmA hai| yaha tathya vaidika va jaina - donoM dharmoM ke AcAryoM dvArA samAna rUpa se svIkRta hai, jisakI puSTi uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hotI hai| jana dharma dilA dharma kI sArA tina 11,430

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106000wwwwwwwwwwwww jAhANa brAhmaNa jAti sarvazreSTha mAnI jAtI hai| kintu brAhmaNa kauna- isa viSaya meM jijJAsA svAbhAvika hai| kyA use janma-AdhArita vizeSatA mAnA jAe yA guNa-vizeSoM ke AdhAra para isakA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAya, isa saMbaMdha meM jaina va vaidika- donoM dharmoM meM jo viziSTa cintana huA hai, vaha prastuta hai| (1) tavassiyaM kisaMdaMtaM, avciy-mNs-sonniyN| suvvayaM pattanivvANaM, taM vayaM bUma maahnnN|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-25/22) -- jo tapasvI, kRza evaM jitendriya hai, tapa, sAdhanA se jisane apanA rakta aura mAMsa sukhA diyA hai, jo suvratI hai, jisane krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobha se mukti pA lI hai, use hama 'brAhmaNa' kahate haiN| (2) tase pANe viyANittA, saMgaheNa ca thaavre| jo na hiMsai tiviheNaM, taM vayaM bUma maahnnN|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-25/23) tRtIya khaNDa/431

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- trasa (calane-phirane vAle) aura sthAvara (ekendriya) jIvoM ko jAnakara unakI (mana, vacana va zarIra se) jo kabhI hiMsA nahIM karatA, use hama 'brAhmaNa' kahate haiN| (3) aloluyaM muhAjIviM aNagAraM akiNcnnN| asaMsattaM gihatthesu taM vayaM bUma maahnnN| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-25/28) -- jo lolupa nahIM hai, udarapUrti ke lie saMgraha nahIM karatA, gharabAra rahita hai, jo akiMcana/aparigrahI hai, gRhasthoM meM Asakti nahIM rakhatA, use hama 'brAhmaNa' kahate haiN| (4) jitendriyo dharmaparaH,svAdhyAyanirataH shuciH| kAmakrodhau vaze yasya, taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH|| (mahAbhArata 3/206/35) - jo jitendriya hai,dharmaparAyaNa hai, svAdhyAyazIla hai, pavitra hai, aura jisane kAma aura krodha ko vaza meM kara liyA hai, use devatA 'brAhmaNa' kahate haiN| (5) abhayaM sarvabhUtebhyaH sarveSAmabhayaM ytH| sarvabhUtAtmabhUto yastaM devA brAhmaNaM viduH|| (mahAbhArata-12/269/33) - jo saba prANiyoM ko abhaya detA hai, kisI se bhayabhIta nahIM rahatA aura jo saba prANiyoM ko Atma-tulya samajhatA hai, devatA use 'brAhmaNa' kahate haiN| jana dharma evaM vedika dharma kI gatika vAtA/432

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(6) vimuktaM sarvasarvaGgebhyo munimAkAzavat sthitm| asvamekacaraM zAntaM taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH|| (mahAbhArata, 12/245/22) -jo sabhI AsaktiyoM se rahita hai, AkAza kI taraha jisakI vRtti nirlipta hai, aparigrahI hai, ekAkI vicaraNazIla hai aura zAnta (svabhAvI) hai, use devatA brAhmaNa kahate haiN| a samA brahma kA artha hai-AtmA yA prmeshvr| jisameM AtmIya zreSThaguNa hoM yA paramezvaratva kI prApti meM sakSama sadguNa hoM-vahIM brAhmaNa ho sakatA hai| vaidika va jaina dharma ke AcAryoM ne isI satya ko apanI-apanI bhASA meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| tIya saNDa:433

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HB0008 88000000000000 tyAga eka sarvazreSTha guNa hai| kintu usakI zreSThatA yA mahanIyatA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba tyAga kisI parAdhInatA meM nahIM kiyA gayA ho| vRddhAvasthA meM jaba indriyAM zithila hoM, taba vyakti viSaya-sevana kA tyAga karane ko vivaza ho jAtA hai| vaha tyAga parAdhInatA meM kiyA gayA hotA hai, ata: yathArtha meM vaha 'tyAga' nahIM hai| eka nirdhana vyakti bahumUlya vastu nahIM kharIda sakatA, ata: usake dvArA bahumUlya vastuoM kA tyAga bhI yathArtha meM 'tyAga' nahIM hai| jaba tyAga meM samatva dRSTi kA AdhAra ho to yaha sone meM suhAge kI taraha adhika prazaMsanIya ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM kisI vastu ko bahumUlya, adhika upayogI Adi samajha kara nahIM, apitu anya vastuoM kI taraha sAmAnya samajha kara tyAgA jAtA hai| taba, sone meM aura patthara meM bheda-dRSTi nahIM rhtii| aisI sthiti meM pahuMcA vyakti patthara ko jaise chor3atA hai, vaise hI suvarNa ko chor3atA hai| tyAga va tyAgI ke yathArtha svarUpa ke viSaya meM jaina va vaidikaina donoM dharmoM meM eka jaisI vicAradhArA pravartita hai| (1) je yakaMte piye bhoye, laddhe vippichi kuvvi| sAhINe cayai bhoye, se hu cAitti vucci|| ___ (dazavaikAlika sUtra-13) - jo mile hue kAnta evaM priya bhogoM ko svAdhInatA se ThukarAtA hai,vahI saccA tyAgI hai| Kjanadika dharma kI sAvaki kitA,434

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(2) rAgadveSaprahINasya tyAgo bhavati naanythaa| (mahAbhArata, 12/160/17) - rAga va dveSa se rahita (pUrNa-vItarAgatA-samatA se sampanna) vyakti kA tyAga hI 'tyAga' hai, anya kA nhiiN| (3) te vandyAste mahAtmAnasta eva puruSA bhuvi| ye sukhena samuttIrNAH, sAdho ! yauvn-sNkttm|| (yogavAziSTha-2/88) - jo AsAnI se yauvana ke saMkaTa ko pAra kara jAte haiM, ve hI puruSa isa dharA para vandanIya haiM, mahAtmA haiN| (4) samaleThukaMcaNo bhikkhuu| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-35/13) -bhikSu patthara aura sone ko samAna dekhatA hai| (5) smlossttaashmkaanycnH| (gItA-14/24) -yogI (guNAtIta) vahI hai, jo patthara aura sone meM samabuddhi 000 rakhatA hai| rAsasa jaina va vaidika- ina donoM dharmoM meM tyAga ko samAna rUpa se, samAna vaicArika pRSThabhUmi meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| donoM hI dharmoM meM bhogapradhAna pravRtti kI jagaha, tyAgapradhAna pravRtti ko mahanIyatA dI gaI hai| tRtIya khaNDa/435

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108800000000000000000000000000888 madhukaTI vRtti 3000000000000000000000000006... bhramara kA svabhAva hai ki vaha kisI eka phUla se baMdhakara nahIM rhtaa| vaha rasa-grahaNa aneka phUloM se karatA hai| isa bhrAmarI vRtti kI eka vizeSatA ullekhanIya hai| vaha yaha hai ki vaha kisI bhI phUla se thor3A-thor3A rasa itanI hI mAtrA meM letA hai jitanA lene se phUla ko koI kSati nahIM phuNctii| vaidika paramparA meM maharSi dattAtreya ke aneka guruoM meM 'bhramara' kI bhI gaNanA kI gaI hai| unhoMne bhramara se yaha zikSA lI thI ki kisI ko binA kaSTa diye hI apanI bhikSA ko prApta kiyA jaay| (draSTavyaH bhAgavata puraann-11/8/9)| isIlie vaidika va jaina-ina donoM dharmoM meM pratyeka sAdhu yA muni ke lie yaha apekSita mAnA gayA hai ki vaha madhukarI/bhrAmarI vRtti aMgIkAra kara bhikSA grahaNa kre| isI taraha, rAjA ke lie bhI nItikAroM dvArA yaha nirdeza diyA jAtA rahA hai ki kara/Taiksa kI vasUlI meM bhI yaha madhukarI vRtti apanAI jaaye| (1) jahA dumassa pupphesu, bhamaro Aviyai rsN| na ya puSpaM kilAmei, soya pINe, appyN|| (dazavaikAlika sUtra-1/2) - bhauMrA jaise vRkSa ke puSpoM ko saMkleza nahIM detA huA rasa grahaNa karatA hai, apane ko paritRpta karatA hai, vaise hI sAdhu apanI jIvana-yAtrA nibhAe, bhikSA grahaNa kre| jaina dharmodika dharma kI sAlatirakatA 436

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(2) stokaM stokaM grasedgrAsaM deho varteta yaavtaa| gRhAnahiMsannAtiSTheda, vRttiM mAdhukarI muniH|| (bhAgavata purANa, 11/8/9) -saMnyAsI ko cAhie ki vaha gRhasthoM ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na dekara bhauroM kI taraha apanA jIvana nirvAha kre| vaha apane zarIra ke lie thor3A-thor3A bhojana kaI gharoM se le| (3) yathA madhu samAdatte, rakSan puSpANi ssttpdH| tadvadarthAnmanuSyebhyaH, aaddyaadavihiNsyaa|| (mahAbhArata, 5/34/17) - bhauMrA phUloM kI rakSA karatA huA jaise madhu-saMgraha karatA hai, vaise hI rAjA madhukarI vRtti se kisI ko kaSTa nahIM detA huA prajA se dhanasaMgraha kre| bhAratIya saMskRti kI donoM dhArAoM- vaidika va jaina paramparA meM ahiMsA ko jIvana ke vividha prasaMgoM meM mahanIya sthAna diyA gayA hai| bhikSu/ muni kI bhikSAvRtti ho yA rAjA kI kara-vasUlI, sarvatra ahiMsaka rIti apanAne kI preraNA dI gaI hai| madhukara kA rasa-grahaNa ahiMsaka vRtti ke sandarbha meM dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| yaha dRSTAnta prasaMga ke anurUpa va saTIka hai| Jitu khaNDa/437

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dharma-jhavaNa adhyAtma ke kSetra meM tAttvika jJAna kI prApti hetu zravaNa-manananididhyAsana kI kramika paramparA hai| vyakti guru yA AcArya ke mukha se dharmopadeza va tAttvika jJAna sunatA hai, phira usa para cintana-manana evaM nididhyAsana (dhyAnaekAgratA) karatA hai| isa prakAra tattva jJAna kA prArambhika upAya 'zravaNa' hai| vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM meM 'zravaNa' kI mahattA va upayogitA ko rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| (1) soccA jANai kallANaM, soccA jANai paavgN| ubhayaM pi jANai soccA, je seyaM taM smaayre|| (dazavaikAlika sUtra-4/11) -- kalyANa aura pApa karma kA jJAna sunane se hI hotA hai| sunakara donoM ko jAno aura phira jo zreyaskara lage, usakA AcaraNa kro| (2) savaNe nANe ya vinnANe paccakkhANe ya sNjme| (bhagavatI sUtra-2/5) - dharma-zravaNa se tattvajJAna hotA hai, tattvajJAna se vijJAna, vijJAna se pratyAkhyAna aura pratyAkhyAna se saMyama kI prApti hotI hai| (3) bodhAmbhaHsrotasaJcaiSA sirA tulyA satAM mtaa| abhAve'syAH zrutaM vyrthmsiraavnikuupvt|| __ (yogadRSTisamuccaya, 53) N na dharma eka ki dharma kI sAra kutika ta1/438

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-nirantara dharmazravaNa kI icchA (suzrUSA) bodha rUpI jala ke srota kI sirA/bhUmivartI jalanAlikA ke samAna hai| isake abhAva meM sArA pUrva-jJAna usa kueM kI taraha vyartha hai, jo jalanAlikA-rahita bhUmi meM banA huA hai| (4) anye tvevamajAnantaH zrutvA'nyebhya upaaste| te'pi cAtitarantyeva, mRtyuM shruti-praaynnaaH|| (gItA-13/25) ___ -jo nahIM jAnate haiM, ve jAnane vAloM se sunakara tattva kA vicAra karate haiM / jo sunane (dharmazravaNa) meM tatpara rahate haiM, ve mRtyu ko tara jAte haiN| (5) zrUyatAM dharmasarvasvaM zrutvA caivaavdhaarytaam| (paMcataMtra-3/104) -dharma ke sAra ko suneM aura sunakara use nizcita kreN| (6) zrotavyaM khalu vRddhAnAmiti shaastrnidrshnm| (mahAbhArata,5/168/26) - vRddha (jJAnI) vyaktiyoM ko sunanA cAhie, -aisA zAstra kA nirdeza hai| 000 Atma-kalyANa ke bhavana meM praviSTa hone ke lie prathama dvAra dharma-zravaNa kA haiisa mAnyatA ko vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkArA hai|

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HAI hegebzbbbbbbzzzzbbbbbbva 80000800 Pregn . 18 G ADAalom 985800005888888888888888892 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jIvana kA prArambhika bhAga vizeSataH adhyayana ke lie samarpita mAnA gayA hai| vaise to samasta jIvana hI vidyA-arjana karate rahane kI preraNA zAstroM meM dI gaI hai| jJAnArjana kA pramukha sAdhana adhyayana/svAdhyAya hai| cAhe sAmAjika jIvana ho yA cAhe AdhyAtmika jIvana, svAdhyAya kI upayogitA sarvadA banI rahatI hai| vaidika va jaina-donoM dharmoM meM svAdhyAya kI preraNA dI gaI hai| (1) sajjhAyammi rosaa| (dazavakAlika sUtra-8/41) - sadA svAdhyAya meM rata rahanA caahie| (2) svAdhyAyAnmA prmdH| (taittirIyopaniSad-1/11/1) -ziSya! svAdhyAya meM pramAda mata kr| jaina yA vaidika - donoM dharmoM ne svAdhyAya kI upayogitA ko svIkAra kara pratyeka vyakti ko svAdhyAyazIla banane kI preraNA dI hai| na dharma hA gAdika dharma kI pAnI kA 4402

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Hom.dodcoregaNO08880000 Alass96692 saMgArtisatsaMgati] 800000000000000000000000009988806 008 Ow 74 8 %esbianiioss88888SAMROADI 586660888888888888866088886888889999 manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai| vyakti-vyakti se samAja kA gaThana hotA hai aura samAja ke anurUpa vyakti ko DhalanA hotA hai| samAja meM acchebure sabhI taraha ke loga rahate haiN| acche yA sajjana loga ve hote haiM jo apanA hita kama, dUsare ke hita kA adhika dhyAna rakhate haiN| kabhI-kabhI to ve apanA ahita bhI karake dUsare kA hita karate haiN| isake viparIta, durjana loga hote haiM jinase kisI dUsare ke hita yA kalyANa kiye jAne kI sambhAvanA nahIM hotii| kabhI kabhI to ve apanA ahita karake bhI dUsare kA ahita karate haiN| sAmAjika jIvana meM sukha-zAnti sthApita rakhane ke lie jaina va vaidika- ina donoM dharmoM meM sajjanoM kI saMgati karane tathA durjanoM kI saMgati se bacane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| preraka upadeza meM yaha bhI samajhAyA gayA hai ki saMgati kA prabhAva par3atA hai| durjana-saMgati se pApamaya jIvanacaryA bana jAtI hai aura vaha apane va anya vyaktiyoM ke lie ahitakArI siddha hotI hai| isake viparIta, sajjana kI saMgati se vyakti meM sajjanatA kA saMcAra hotA hai aura maMgalamaya mArga prazasta hotA hai| (saMgati phala) (1) jo jArisI ya mettI karei so hoi taarisocev| vAsijja icchuriyA sAriyA viknnyaadisNgnn|| (bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, 343) - jaise lohe kI churI suvarNAdika kA jhAla dene para sone kI (tIya khaNDa/471

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jaisI dikhAI detI hai, vaise hI manuSya jisakI saMgati yA maitrI karegA, vaisA hI ho jAegA (arthAt sajjanoM kI saMgati se sajjana aura durjanoM ke saMsarga se durjn)| (2) buddhizca hIyate puMsAMnIcaiH saha smaagmaat| madhyairmadhyamatAM yAti zreSThatAM yAti cottmaiH|| (mahAbhArata, 3/1/30) __- puruSoM kI buddhi nIcoM kI saMgati se hIna (kSINa) ho jAtI hai, madhyama koTi ke logoM ke sAtha saMgati karane se madhyama stara kI ho jAtI hai, aura uttama koTi ke logoM ke sAtha saMgati karane se uttama ho jAtI hai| (3) prAyeNAdhamamadhyamottamaguNaH saMsargato jaayte| (nItizataka, 63) - prAyaH saMsarga (saMgati) ke anurUpa, adhama-madhyama va uttama guNa ho jAte haiN| (satsaMgati) (4) kujjA sAhUhi sNthvN| (dazavaikAlika sUtra-5/53) - muni sAdhu-sabhya janoM ke sAtha hI paricaya kreN| (5) vaseva sajjaNe jnne| (bRhatkalpabhASya, 5719) - sajjanoM kI saMgati meM rahanA caahie| O futodhamakA sA- 114121

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(6) sadbhireva sahAsIta, sadbhiH kurvIta sNgtim| . (subhASita ratnabhANDAgAra, 336/3) -satpuruSoM ke sAtha baiThanA caahie| unhIM kI saMgati karanI caahie| (7) kiMna syAt saadhu-sNgmaat| (uttarapurANa, 62/250) - sajjanoM kI saMgati se kyA-kyA (hitakArI kArya) nahIM hote| (8) satAM saddhi phalaH sNgmo'sti| (mahAbhArata, 3/297/47) - sajjanoM kI saMgati kabhI viphala nahIM jaatii| (9) satsaMgatiH kathaya kiM na karoti puNsaam| (nItizataka, 23) - sajjanoM kI saMgati karane se aisA kauna-sA suphala hai jo vyakti ko nahIM prApta hotA? (durjana-saMsagI (10) khuDDehiM saha saMsaggiM, hAsaM kIDaMca vje| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-1/9) -- kSudra prakRti ke (mUrkha, durjana) logoM ke sAtha kisI prakAra kA saMparka, haMsI-majAka, krIr3A Adi nahIM karanA caahie|

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(11) na mizraH syAt pApakRbhiH kthNcit| (mahAbhArata, 12/73/23) ____ - durjanoM/pApI logoM ke sAtha kisI bhI taraha melajola nahIM bar3hAnA caahie| (12) durjanaH parihartavyo vidyayA'laMkRto'pi sn| (nItizataka, 47) - durjana vyakti bhale hI vidyAvAn ho, usase dUra rahanA caahie| kyA maNi se zobhita sarpa bhayAvaha nahIM hotA? 00 samAja meM sukha-zAnti bar3he- isake lie apekSita hai ki sajjanoM kI vRddhi ho, durjanoM kI kamI ho| isa dizA meM agrasara hone ke lie satsaMgati kI upayogitA nirvivAda hai| satsaMgati meM vRddhi hone se sajjanoM kI saMkhyA meM svataH vRddhi hotI jaaegii| isa vaicArika cintana ke pariprekSya meM vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM meM satsaMgati karane va durjana-saMga na karane kI samAnatayA preraNA dI gaI hai| sonama pAdika dharma kI sa.sika patA 414

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indriya-nigraha (indriya- vazyatA) vyakti jaba janma letA hai to usakI jIvana-yAtrA usI samaya se prArambha ho jAtI hai jaba indriyA~ apanA-apanA vyApAra prArambha karatI haiM / indriyoM dvArA viSayoM ke sevana se vyakti ko saMtuSTi kabhI milatI nahIM, aura vyakti amaryAdita ucchRMkhala rUpa se viSaya - sevana meM lIna ho jAtA hai| vaha vyakti indriyoM kA dAsa bana kara asvasthatA, vividha roga, azAnti evaM virodhapUrNa pratikUla paristhiti Adi meM svayaM ko du:khagrasta kara letA hai| tapaHpUta RSiyoM-muniyoM ne ukta duHkha se chuTakArA pAne kA ekamAtra upAya batAyA hai- saMyama va indriyajaya / jitendriya hone ke lie mana ko anuzAsita karanA jarUrI hai, kyoMki mana hI indriyoM kA preraka hai| manojaya hone para indriyAM svataH niSkriya- zAnta ho jAtI hai| abhyAsa va vairAgya ke bala para hI mana ko vaza meM karanA saMbhava ho pAtA hai| vastutaH vyakti ke bhAvI jIvana kA mUla mana kI vividha avasthAoM / pariNAmoM meM hI nihita hai| mana ke prazasta bhAva sukhamaya jIvana kA aura aprazasta bhAva duHkhamaya jIvana kA nirmANa karate haiN| manojayI va jitendriya vyakti hI yogasAdhanA kA pAtra banatA hai| vaha jala meM kamala kI taraha nissaMga hokara sarvatra nirlipta rahatA huA kramazaH duHkhamayI paramparA kA aMta karane meM saphala hotA hai| isa vaicArika mAnyatA ko vaidika va jaina - donoM dharmoM meM svIkArA gayA hai| (1) evaM viyAre amiyappayAre, AvajjaI iMdiyacoravasse / (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 32/104) - indriya rUpI coroM ke vazIbhUta AtmA ko aneka prakArake vikAra (doSa) ghera lete haiN| tRtIya khaNDa 445

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(2) haranti doSajAtAni nrmindriykiNkrm| __(mahAbhArata, 13/51/16) ___- jo vyakti indriyoM kA dAsa (vazIbhUta) hai, use doSa (vikAra) apanI ora khIMca lete haiM (doSagrasta kara lete haiN)| (indriya-gopana) (3) yathA saMharate cAyaM, kUrmo'GgAnIva srvshH| indriyANIndriyArthebhyastasya prajJA prtisstthitaa|| (gItA- 2/158) - kachuA jisa prakAra apane aMgoM ko sarvathA simiTA letA hai, usI prakAra apane Apako indriya-viSayoM se jo haTA letA hai, usI kI prajJA buddhi-jJAna vAstava meM uttama hai| (4) jahA kumme saaMgAI, sae dehe smaahre| evaM pAvAI mehAvI, ajhappeNa smaahre| - (sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-1/8/16) - jisa prakAra kachuA apanA ahita hotA dekhakara apane aMgoM ko apanI hI deha meM sameTa letA hai, usI prakAra vidvAn (muni) jJAnapUrvaka apanI AtmA ko pApa se bacAtA rhe| - (5) jahA pomaMjale jAyaM novlippivaarinnaa| evaM alitto kAmehi... ___ (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-25/27) - jisa prakAra jala meM kamala nirlipta rahatA hai, usI prakAra, zreSTha vyakti (brAhmaNa) kAma-bhogoM se nirlipta rahatA hai|

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(6) (saMgatyaktvA) lipyate na sa pApena pdmptrmivaambhsaa| (gItA-5/10) - jisa prakAra pAnI meM kamala nirlipta rahatA hai, usI prakAra nirAsakta vyakti pApa-lipta nahIM hotaa| (manonigraha) (7) maNo sAhasio bhImo, duTThasso pridhaavii| taM sammaM tu nigiNhAmi, dhamma-sikkhAi knthgN|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-23/58) __ -mana sAhasika aura bhayaMkara hai, duSTa ghor3e kI taraha idhara-udhara daur3a lagAtA hai| dharma-zikSA kI lagAma DAlakara maiM use acche ghor3e kI taraha vaza meM lAtA huuN| (8) maNussAhidayaM puNiNaM gahaNaM dubviyaannkN| ___ (isibhAsiyAI 1/8) - manuSya kA hRdaya (mana) bar3A gaharA hotA hai, ise niyaMtrita kara pAnA bar3A kaThina hotA hai| (9) caJcalaM himanaH kRSNa, pramAthi blvvddhm| tasyAhaM nigrahaM manye, vAyoriva va sudusskrm|| (gItA-6/35) - he kRSNa! mana bahuta caMcala hai, manuSya ko matha DAlatA hai, bar3A balavAn hai| jaise vAyu ko dabAnA kaThina hai, vaise hI maiM mana ko vaza meM karanA bahuta kaThina mAnatA huuN| tIya gADa +7

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(10) asaMzayaM mahAbAho ! mano durnigrahaM clm| abhyAsena tu kaunteya ! vairAgyeNa ca gRhyate // __(gItA-6/35) - (bhagavAna zrIkRSNa ne kahA)- he mahAbAhu arjuna ! mana caMcala hai, ni:saMdeha use rokanA bar3A kaThina hai| kintu abhyAsa aura vairAgya se usako vaza meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| (mAnasika pinAna) (11) pariNAmAdo bNdho| -pariNAmoM (vicAroM) se hI bandha hotA hai| (pravacanasAra-2/88) (12) rAgI baMdhai kammaM muMcai jIvo viraagsNpnnnno| (mUlAcAra-247) -rAga (pariNAma) se bandha hotA hai aura vItarAgatA se mukti milatI hai| (13) mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bndh-mokssyoH| (maitrAyaNI upaniSad-4/11) - mana hI manuSyoM ke bandha aura mokSa kA kAraNa hai| (manojetAH) (14) je egaM nAme se bahuM naame| (AcArAMga sUtra-1/3/4) -jo eka (mana) ko nata karatA hai-jItatA hai, vaha aneka ko jItatA hai| jaina dharma eka haidika dharma kI sAnika tatA,448

Page #476
(15) jitaM jagat kena ? mano hi yena / (zaMkara praznottarI - 11 ) - sAre jagat ko kisane jItA? jisane apane ko jIta liyaa| 000 jitendriya va manojayI vyakti kI viSayabhogoM meM pravRtti nahIM hotI / vairAgya va anAsakti ke sAtha-sAtha samatva - dRSTi ko vikasita karate hue vaha 'mokSa' kI yAtrA meM satata agrasara rahatA hai- isa zAzvata satya ko vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM ne apaneapane tarIke se vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| tRtIya khaNDa, 449

Page #477
[smy| SWORDoccccccor kAla bar3A balavAn hai| kitane hI bar3e-bar3e zUravIra, rAjemahArAje, vizAla rAjapATa kAlakavalita hokara naSTa ho gae, Aja unakA nAmoM nizAna bhI nahIM hai| kAla kI gati ko koI Aja taka nahIM roka pAyA hai| vyakti ke jIvana meM javAnI, bur3hApA yA mRtyu kI sthitiyAM gatizIla kAla ke padacinha haiN| jIvana meM akSamatA, asvasthatA yA mRtyu kI kAlI chAyA maMDarAe, usake pUrva hI dharmArAdhanA kara AtmakalyANa kara lenA zreyaskara hai| vaidika va jaina-ina donoM dharmoM ke AcAryo/guruoM ne ukta satya ko ekasvara se udghoSita kiyA hai (1) jA jA vaccai rayaNI, na sA pddiniyttii| dhammaMca kuNamANassa, saphalA janti raaio|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 14/25) (2) atyeti rajanI yA tu, sAna prtinivrtte| (vAlmIki rAmAyaNa-2/106/19) - jo rAta gujara jAtI hai, vaha phira lauTakara nahIM aatii| # .. " HEJft3. !! 1.11 450

Page #478
(3) jarA jAva na pIlei, vAhI jAva na vddddhii| jAviMdiyA na hAyaMti, tAva dhamma smaayre|| (dazavaikAlika sUtra-8/36) -jaba taka bur3hApA nahIM satAtA, roga nahIM bar3hate, indriyAM hInaazakta nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka dharma kA AcaraNa kara lenA caahie| na vyAdhayo nApi yamaH prAptuM zreyaH prtiiksste| yAvadeva bhavet kalpastAvaccheyaH smaacret|| __ (mahAbhArata-2/56/10) - roga aura yama (mRtyu) isa bAta kI pratIkSA nahIM karate ki isane zreya prApta kara liyA hai yA nhiiN| ataH jaba taka apane meM sAmarthya ho, basa, tabhI taka apane hita kA sAdhana kara lenA caahie| 000 kAla kI gati ko roka pAnA to sambhava nahIM, kintu dharmArAdhanA se isakA sadupayoga kara AtmakalyANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmakalyANa kara siddha - buddha-mukta hone vAle vyakti kAlajayI hote haiM- yaha satya vaidika va jaina-ina donoM dharmoM ke sAhitya meM mukharita huA hai| tRtIyaH khaNDa/451

Page #479
svapna dekhanA kAlpanika loka meM vicaraNa karanA hai| nIMda khulate hI vaha 'ayathArtha' meM badala jAtA hai| svapna meM khAe hue bhojana se peTa nahIM bhrtaa| vastuta: jAgRti kI avasthA hI yathArtha hai, isI meM kiyA gayA prayAsa sArthaka hotA hai| mithyA dhAraNAoM, andhavizvAsoM, moha-ajJAnagrasta vicAradhArAoM se yukta vyakti jAgRta avasthA meM nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Atma-kalyANa ke mArga meM vaisA vyakti kabhI agrasara nahIM ho pAtA, unmArga meM hI bhaTakatA rahatA hai| vaidika va jaina -ina dharmoM ne isa satya se paricita karAkara ajJAnI vyakti ko jagAne kA satata prayAsa kiyA hai| (1) suttesu yAvI pddibuddhjiivii| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-4/6) - isa U~ghate hue saMsAra meM jAgate rahanA zreSTha hai| (2) bhUtyai jAgaraNam, abhUtyai svpnm| (yajurveda-30/17) -jAganA aizvaryaprada hai, sonA daridratA kA mUla hai| < na dhama : rodika dharma kI sAjJika enalA 452)>

Page #480
(3) suttA amuNI, muNiNo sayA jaagrnti| (AcArAMga sUtra-3/10) -amuni (asaMyamI) sadA sote haiM, muni sadA jAgate rahate haiN| (4) yA nizA sarvabhUtAnAM,tasyAM jAgarti sNymii| (gItA-2169) - jo anya prANiyoM ke liye rAtri hai, Atma-dRSTi saMyamI ke liye vahI jAgaraNa-velA hai| 000 ajJAna va asaMyama nidrA hai, samyaka jJAna va saMyama meM apramAda hI jAgRti hai| nidrA chor3ane aura jAga kara AtmakalyANa meM yathAzIghra tatpara ho jAne ke lie vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM ke AcAryoM ne samAna rUpa se tathA eka svara se upayogI udabodhana diyA hai| tIya vAyu,453

Page #481
1600000000000000000000000000000000 paTakaoo jAnanajJAna koooz 9 89poooooo RRRRRRooooooooooo ajJAna yAnI andhakAra / jJAna yAnI prkaash| binA prakAza ke AdhyAtmika yAtrA to kyA, jIvana-yAtrA bhI sucAru rUpa se nirvighna sampanna nahIM kara skte| andhakAra meM vyakti ke patana kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai, vaise hI ajJAnI vyakti ke bhI patita hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| jJAnI vyakti hI bhale-bure kI pahacAna karane meM sakSama ho pAtA hai aura una AcaraNoM se bacatA hai jinase Atmaahita hotA ho| isa dRSTi se sadAcAra kI apekSA jJAna kI zreSThatA va pUrvavartitA mAnI jAtI hai| saMsAra kI samasta vastuoM kI apekSA yadi Atmatattva ko pUrNatayA jAna liyA jAya to anya vastuoMkA jJAna svata: ho jAegA, kyoMki AtmA ke jJAna hetu Atmetara padArthoM ke jJAna kA honA svataH apekSita hai| vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM meM kI gaI jJAna-viSayaka carcA prastuta hai paDhamaM nANaM tao dyaa| (dazavaikAlika sUtra 4/10) -pahale jJAna hai, usake bAda AcaraNa hai| __ (2) na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyte| (gItA-4/38) - isa loka meM jJAna ke samAna kucha bhI pavitra nahIM hai| jaina # ki dhamanI sArahin ekanA/454 >

Page #482
_ (3) je egaM jANaise savvaM jaanni| (AcArAMga sUtra-1/3/4/124) - jo eka AtmA ko jAna letA hai, vaha sabako jAna letA hai| (4) Atmani vijJAte sarvamidaM vijJAtaM bhvti| (bRhadAraNyakopaniSad-4/5/6) -AtmA ko jAna lene para saba kucha jAna liyA jAtA hai| (ajJAna) (5) annANaM pariyANAmi, nANaM uvsNpjjaami| (Avazyaka sUtra-pratikramaNa pATha) - maiM ajJAna kA parityAga karatA hU~, jJAna ko svIkAra karatA huuN| (6) tamaso mA jyotirgmy| (bRhadAraNyakopaniSad-1/3/28) - mujhe andhakAra se prakAza meM le clo| 000 jJAna kI jIvana meM kyA mahattA hai, sadAcAra ke kSetra meM jJAna kI kyA upayogitA hai aura sarvazreSTha jJAna kyA hai-isa saMbaMdha meM vaidika va jaina-ina donoM dharmoM kI cintanadhArA prAyaH samAna hai| hI 18,455

Page #483
koNa-vijaya rAkSama krodha mahAvinAzaka manovikAra hai| krodhAviSTa vyakti apane Ape meM nahIM rhtaa| vaha ucita - anucita kA bhAna bhI kho baiThatA hai / phalasvarUpa, vaha hiMsaka pApa-karma meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai jisakA duSpariNAma duHkhadAyI hotA hai| krodha ko apane andara rakhane kA artha hai- eka zatru ko apane pAsa rkhnaa| krodha ko jItane ke lie zAnti va kSamA bhAva ko dhAraNa karanA jarUrI hai| kSamA se mana meM prasannatA kA saMcAra hotA hai aura pApa-karma ke baMdhana kA bhaya bhI nahIM rhtaa| (1) uvasameNa haNe kohaM / - zAnti se krodha ko jIto / (2) akrodhena jayet krodham / ( dazavaikAlika sUtra- 8/39) (mahAbhArata, 5/39/72) -akrodha se krodha para vijaya prApta karanI cAhie / jana 456

Page #484
(3) kohaM ca mANaM ca taheva mAyAM lobhaM cautthaM ajjhatthadosA / eyANi vaMtA arahA mahesI, Na kuvvaI pAva Na kAravei // (sUtrakRtAMgasUtra- 1/6/26) - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha- ye cAroM hI antarAtmA ke doSa haiN| maharSi - samadarzI sAdhaka ina doSoM ko haTA de| inake vaza hokara pApa kArya na kare, na kraae| (4) kAma eSa krodha eSa, rajoguNasamudbhavaH / mahAzano mahApApmA, vidvayenamiha vairiNam // (gItA - 3/37 ) - rajoguNa se utpanna hue kAma evaM krodha mahAbhakSI - 'sadguNoM ko nigala jAne vAle, ' mahApApmA - 'bar3e-bar3e pApa-kAryoM meM pravRtta karane vAle' haiN| inheM apanA zatru smjho| (kSamA ke supariNAma) (5) khamAvaNayAe NaM palhAyaNabhAvaM jaNayai / - (uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 29/18) kSamA karane se vyakti ko mAnasika pralhAda (prasannatA) kI upalabdhi hotI hai| (6) kSamA guNo hi jantUnAm, ihAmutra sukhapradaH / kSamA prANiyoM kA eka aisA guNa paraloka meM bhI sukha pradAna karatA hai| 'Apastamba smRti, -10/5) saMsAra meM aura

Page #485
pAvaMkhamai asesaM, khamAya paDimaMDio ymunnipvro| (bhAvaprAbhRta, 108 __ - jo munipravara kSamA se suzobhita hai, vaha samasta pApa-karma kA kSaya karatA hai| krodha vinAzakArI va hiMsaka vAtAvaraNa kA janaka hotA hai| isake viparIta, kSamA sukha va zAnti kA saMvardhana karatI hai| krodha kI he yatA aura kSamA kI upAdeyatA ke sambandha meM vaidika va jaina- ye donoM dharma ekasvara se pUrNa sahamata haiN|

Page #486
tiraskAra kisI kA tiraskAra karanA usakA apamAna karanA hotA hai| apamAnita vyakti apane sammAna para coTa se azAnti va duHkha se grasta ho jAtA hai| ataH kisI kA tiraskAra karanA eka hiMsaka va pApa kArya siddha hotA hai| vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM ne isa kArya ko tyAjya mAnA hai| (1) na bAhiraM paribhave / (dazavaikAlika sUtra - 8/30) - kisI kA bhI apamAna nahIM karanA caahie| (2) nAvamanyeta kaJcana / (manusmRti - 6/47 ) - kisI kI bhI avamAnanA - tiraskAra nahIM karanA caahie| sabhI AtmAeM eka samAna haiN| anya kA tiraskAra karane vAlA vyakti svayaM ko zreSTha mAnatA hai aura ahaMkAra se grasta hotA hai| ataH kisI kA tiraskAra nahIM karanA cAhie-yaha vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM dvArA ekasvara se kiyA gayA upayogI udbodhana hai| tRtIya khaNDa, 453 000

Page #487
jo manovikAra AtmA ko apavitra banAte haiM, usakI jyoti ko dhUmila karate haiM,ve adharma haiN| isake viparIta, dharma vaha hai jo AtmA kI pavitratA va zuddhatA va nirvikAratA kA saMvardhana karatA hai| isI cintana ke pariprekSya meM saralatA, niSkapaTatA 'dharma' haiM to kuTilatA,mAyA va kapaTatA se bharA AcaraNa 'adharma' hai| vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM ne ukta satya para apanI pUrNa sahamati vyakta kI hai| (1) sohI ujjuyUyassa, dhammo suddhassa citttthii| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra-3/12) -Rju/sarala AtmA zuddhi kI ora bar3hatA hai| dharma zuddha AtmA meM hI ThaharatA hai| (2) ArjavaM dharmamityAhuradharmo jihma ucyte| (mahAbhArata- 13/142/30) - Arjava-saralatA dharma hai aura kuTilatA adhrm| 0m dhArmika hone kI prAthamika yogyatA niSkapaTatA va saralatA hai-isa tathya ko vaidika va jaina, donoM dharmoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| nama 101 mAmalA 400P

Page #488
OOO JoomlandsgaN ROSAROORKossassoc63636samananSABoss500888 5 %8086660000033900DOMAN ORRHOOMIT 8263rgaows Boomeobhadra 3000300500Romawww Normakatkar wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwd000868680 wala parivAra meM mAtA kA asIma madhura sneha tathA pitA kA kaThora zikSAprada anuzAsana-ina donoM se bAlaka ke vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai| parivAra hI bAlaka kA prathama vidyAlaya hotA hai| kucha bar3A hone para bAlaka jaba vidyAlaya jAtA hai to yogya guru-janoM ke sAnnidhya meM raha kara vidyAdhyayana va jJAnArjana karatA hai| bAlaka ko janma dene aura usake lAlana-pAlana meM mAtA-pitA ko jo kleza uThAnA par3atA hai, usase urRNa honA kabhI saMbhava nhiiN| kintu guru kI mahattA bhI mAtA-pitA se kama nahIM hotii| guru ko brahmA, viSNu, mahezvara evaM parabrahma ke samakakSa mAna kara, use vandanIya va sarvazreSTha batAyA gayA hai| vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM meM bhI ina tInoM kI pUjyatA va mahanIyatA ko samAna rUpa se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| - (1) ammaapiuu-sussuusgaa...| (aupapAtika sUtra-71) -mAtA-pitA kI sevA karane vAle (bhadraprakRti ke) suputra haiN| (2) na hyato dharmacaraNaM kiMcidasti mhttrm| yathA pitari suzrUSA tasya vA vcn-kriyaa|| (vAlmIki rAmAyaNa-2/19/22)

Page #489
- ( rAma kA kaikeyI ko kathana)-pitA kI sevA karanA yA usakI AjJA kA pAlana karanA-isase bar3hakara koI anya dharmAcaraNa nahIM hai| (3) nAsti mAtRsamo guruH| (mahAbhArata, 12/108/18) -mAtA ke samAna koI 'guru' nahIM hai| (4) mAtRdevo bhv|pitRdevo bhv|aacaarydevo bhv|| (taittirIya upaniSad-1/11) -mAtA, pitA aura guru-AcArya ko devatA ke samAna smjho| (5) mAtA pitA kalAcAryaH eteSAM jnyaatystthaa| vRddhA dharmopadeSTAraH, guruvargaH satAM mtH|| (A.haribhadra-kRta yogabindu,170) -mAtA, pitA, kalA-zikSaka,inake nikaTa sambandhI jana, vRddha dharmopadezaka ina sabhI ko sajjana 'guru' ke rUpa meM (vandanIya) mAnate haiN| ___(6) mAtApitrorgurUNAM ca pUjA bahumatA mm| (mahAbhArata-12/108/3) __(bhISma kA kathana-) mAtA-pitA aura guru-janoM kI pUjA karane ko maiM bahuta sammAna detA huuN| 4 (1101 ko kara 11/11 16- >

Page #490
(7) laddhe vi maNuajamme, aidullahA sugurusAmaggI / atidurlabha hai| vicAra hai / (gurupradakSiNAkulaka- 9) - manuSya - janma milane para bhI sadguru rUpI sAmagrI kA milanA (8) gurUrgarIyAn pitRto mAtRtazceti me matiH // ( mahAbhArata - 12/108/106) -pitA va mAtA se bhI adhika zreSTha 'guru' hotA hai - aisA merA vyaktitva ke pUrNa vikAsa meM mAtA-pitA-guru- ina tInoM kA samAna mahattva hai / pratyeka kA apanI upayogitA kI dRSTi se anupama mahattva hai| jaina va vaidikaina donoM dharmoM meM mAtA-pitAguru, ina tInoMkI mahanIyatA kI svIkRti ke sAtha-sAtha, inheM sarvAdhika Adara diyA gayA hai| tRtIya khaNDa/ 463

Page #491
3000-300000000000 0 - 05 800000 HomowooWOODOOR mAtA, pitA, gurujana, vRddha va zraddheya vyaktiyoM ke prati Adara va sammAna bhAva ko pradarzita karane kA sAdhana hai- viny| vinaya zraddhAlu va zraddheya ke madhya Antarika nikaTatA sthApita karatA hai aura phalasvarUpa zraddheya ke zubhAzIrvAda prApta karAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| jJAnArjana ke kSetra meM to vinaya kI viziSTa upayogitA mAnI gaI hai| vinaya ke dvArA jitanI adhika samIpatA guru va ziSya ke madhya sthApita hotI hai, utanI hI adhika jJAnArjana kI sambhAvanA ziSya ke lie ho jAtI hai| vinayI ziSya guru se mAnasika stara para itanI adhika nikaTatA yA tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai ki guru ke binA bole hI, usake zArIrika ceSTA yA saMketa se hI unake manobhAva ko samajha letA hai aura tadanurUpa AcaraNa karatA hai| zraddhA-bhakti ke kAraNa vinIta ziSya namratA, sevAparAyaNatA Adi sadguNoM se sampanna hokara vidyArjana kA uttama pAtra banatA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI sabhI vicAradhArAoM meM, vizeSakara vaidika va jaina- ina dharma-paramparAoM meM, ekasvara se jJAna kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| (1) jassaMtie dhamma-payAiM sikkhe, tassaMtie veNaiyaM puNje| (dazavakAlika sUtra- 9/1/72) - jinake pAsa dharma kA pATha sIkhe, unake prati vinaya kre|

Page #492
(2) AdadIta yato jJAnaM, taM pUrvamabhivAdayet / (manusmRti - 2/117) - jinase jJAna sIkhe, unakA abhivAdana - vandana karanA cAhie / je Ayariya-uvajjhAyANaM, sussUsA vayaNaMkarA / tesiM sikkhA pavaDDhati, jalasittA iva pAyavA // (dazavaikAlika sUtra - 9/3/12) jo ziSya AcAryoM aura upAdhyAyoM kI sevA karate haiM, unakI AjJAnusAra calate haiM, unakI zikSA usI prakAra bar3hatI hai, jisa prakAra jala se sIMce hue vRkSa / - (3) (4) abhivAdanazIlasya nityaM vRddhopasevinaH / catvAri tasya varddhante, AyurvidyA yazo balam // (manusmRti - 2/121) pUjya janoM kA sadA abhivAdana aura vRddha janoM kI sevA karane vAle kI Ayu, vidyA, yaza aura bala bar3hatA hai| - (5) iMgiyAgAra - saMpaNNe, se viNIe tti vuccai / (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 1/2) guru ke iMgita tathA AkAra - manobhAvoM ko jAnakara kArya karane vAlA vinIta kahalAtA hai| kRtIpa rAya 45

Page #493
mayyarpitamanobuddhiryo me bhaktaH sa me priyH| (gItA- 12/14) - jisane mujhe (paramezvara ko) apanI buddhi aura mana arpita kara diyA, vahI merA (paramezvara kA) priya bhakta hai| khetI ke lie yA vRkSoM, per3a-paudhoM ke atyadhika phalane-phUlane ke lie jala-vRSTi yA jala se sIMcane kI jo mahattA hai, vahI mahattA jJAnArjana meM 'vinaya' kI mAnI gaI hai| sabhI jJAnArthiyoM ko tathA zraddheya se kRpA -prasAda ke abhyarthiyoM ko 'vinaya' kA AzrayaNa karanA cAhie- isa tathya ko vaidika va jaina- donoM dharma-paramparAeM samAna rUpa se rekhAMkita karatI haiN| DTH kA sA... FAIL -660

Page #494
saMsAra saMsAra zabda ke do artha haiM- (1) jIva kA vividha gatiyoM meM saMsaraNa, aura (2) dravyAtmaka loka / jIva kI sAMsArika yAtrA kA mUla yA AdhAra hai- usakI kAmanAeM va indriya-viSaya sevn| saMyama ke mArga para jyoMhI koI jIva cala par3atA hai to vaha apanI sAMsArika yAtrA kI samApti hetu prAthamika prayAsa karatA hai| dravyAtmaka loka kA yathArtha svarUpa yaha hai ki vaha anAdi hai, ananta hai, zAzvata-avinazI hai aura usakA koI kartA-racayitA yA sraSTA nahIM hai| vaidika va jaina dharma-paramparAeM bhI ukta tathya para apanI sahamati vyakti karatI haiN| (saMsaraNa) (1) evaM jaM saMsaraNaM NANAdehesu hodi jiivss| so saMsAro bhaNNadi micchAkasAehiM juttss| (dvAdazAnuprekSA-33) - - mithyAtva (ajJAna) aura kaSAya (rAgAdi) se yukta jIva kA nAnA zarIroM (kramazaH) ko grahaNa karanA va chor3anA- yahI saMsAra hai| so'yaM vipulamadhvAnaM kAlena dhruvmdhuvH| naro'vazaH samabhyeti sarvabhUtaniSevitam // (mahAbhArata-12/28/50) kIya sAI 467

Page #495
- yaha asthira jIvana vAlA prANI vivaza hokara eka lambe rAste (saMsAra) para calA jA rahA hai, jisa para sabhI calate Ae haiN| (3) tena saMsArapadavImavazo'bhyetya nirvRtH| prAsaGgikaiH karmadoSaiH sdsnmishryonissu|| (bhAgavata purANa-3/27/3) - (kartRtvAbhimAnI jIva apane) deha ke saMsarga se kiye hue (puNya-pApAdi) doSa ke kAraNa apanI svAdhInatA va zAnti kho kara, uttama, madhyama-nIca yoniyoM meM utpanna hotA huA, saMsAra-cakra meM ghUmatA rahatA hai| (4) je guNe se aavtte| (AcArAMga sUtra- 2/1) - indriyoM kA viSaya hI saMsAra hai| (arthAt indriyoM kI viSayapravRtti hI saMsAra hai, saMsAra kA mUla hai|) __ (5) kAma !jAnAmi te mUlaM, saGkalpA kila jaayse| na te saGkalpayiSyAmi, samUlo na bhvissysi|| (mahAbhArata-2/177/25) - he kAma ! maiM tere mUla ko jAnatA huuN| tuma mana ke saMkalpa se utpanna hote ho| maiM tumhArA saMkalpa nahIM karUMgA to tuma samUla naSTa ho jaaoge| (6) kAmaH sNsaarhetushc| (mahAbhArata-3/313/98) Pona : 11 ko sAra Ji! 10 {htI. 46 > C

Page #496
- kAmanAeM saMsAra kI hetu haiM arthAt ve manuSya ko saMsAra (janma-maraNa cakra) meM bAMdhatI haiN| (7) sayehiM pariyAehiM, loyaM bUyA kaDe tti y| tattaMteNa vivAti,mavivAsIkayAiva (sUtrakRtAMga- 1/1/3/9) jo apanI apanI yuktiyoM se loka ko kRta, kiyA huA (banAyA huA) kahate haiM, ve vastu- svarUpa ko nahIM jaante| kyoMki loka kabhI bhI vinAzI nahIM hai| (yadi kRta hotA to vinAzI hotaa|) (8) na kartRtvaM na karmANi, lokasya sRjati prbhuH| na karma-phala-saMyogaM svabhAvastu pravartate // (gItA-5/14-15) Izvara jIva ko na kartA banAtA hai, na unake lie karma yA karmaphala kI sRSTi karatA hai| yaha saba svabhAva se hotA hai| saMsAra yA loka Izvararacita nhiiN| yaha trikAlI zAzvata hai| jahAM taka jIva va saMsAra ke madhya bhoktA va bhogya ke sambandha rUpa 'saMsAra' (jIva-saMsaraNa) kI bAta hai, usameM bhI koI Izvara kAraNa nahIM, jIva kI kAmabhogatRSNA va viSayasevana kI lAlasA hI ukta saMsaraNa meM mUla kAraNa hai| vItarAga AtmA rahatA to saMsAra meM hI hai, para usake lie saMsAra bhogya nahIM raha jAtAye kucha dArzanika vicAra-bindu haiM jina para vaidika va jaina dharma-paramparA meM sahamati dRSTigocara hotI hai|

Page #497
8889980000000000000 codawwwLAADwadam 9080804 50000888 DUTUBEntsaahisad AN AtmA avinAzI hai| taba phira mRtyu ke bAda vaha kahAM rahatI hai? vaha apane karmoM ke anurUpa, nayA janma va nayA zarIra dhAraNa karatI hai| naye zarIra kA dhAraNa karanA hI punarjanma hai| yaha pUrva zarIra rUpI purAne vastra ko chor3akara bhAvI zarIra rUpI naye vastra ko dhAraNa karane jaisA hai| punarjanma lekara, purAne karmoM kA kuphala-suphala bhogatA huA jIvana naye karma bhI bAMdhatA hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa punarjanma kI prakriyA anavarata calatI rahatI hai, bazarte purAne karmoM ke kSaya tathA navIna karmoM ke na baMdhane ke lie saMyama va tapa kA mArga apanAyA na jaay| jaina va vaidika-donoM dharma-paramparAoM kI punarjanma ke sambandha meM eka samAna vaicArika cintana-prakriyA dRSTigocara hotI hai| (1) soko viNasthi deso loyAyAsassa nnirvsesss| jattha Na sambo jIvo jAdo marido ya bhuvaarN|| (dvAdazAnuprekSA-68) - samasta lokAkAza ke pradezoM meM aisA koI bhI pradeza nahIM bacA hai jahAM ye sabhI saMsArI jIva kaI bAra utpanna nahIM hue hoM tathA nahIM mare hoN| (2) na sA jAi na sA joNi, na taM hANaM na taM kulN| na jAyA na muvA tattha, savve jIvA annntso|| (prakIrNaka) na mako sAmanA HIL,4701

Page #498
-aisI koI jAti, yoni, sthAna aura kula nahIM, jahAM jIva aneka bAra na janmeM hoM aura na mare hoN| (3) evaM cayadi sarIraMaNNaM giNhediNavaNavaM jiivo| puNu puNuaNNaM aNNaM giNhadi muMcedi bhuvaarN|| (dvAdazAnuprekSA-32) - jIva eka zarIra ko chor3atA hai aura phira naye zarIra ko grahaNa karatA hai, isa prakAra phira anya-anya naye-naye zarIroM ko kaI bAra grahaNa karatA aura chor3atA hai| (4) aNNe kumaraNamaraNaMaNeyajammaMtarAi mriosi| (bhAvaprAbhRta, 32) - he jIva! isa saMsAra meM tUM aneka janmAntaroM meM kumaraNa se mRtyu ko prApta hotA rahA hai| (5) bahUni me vyatItAni, janmAni tava caarjun| tAnyahaM veda sarvANi, na tvaM vettha prntp|| (gItA-4/5) zatru-vijetA arjuna ! mere aura tumhAre aneka janma vyatIta hue haiN| (jJAna ke niratizaya udbhAsa se) maiM unheM jAnatA hUM, tuma (ajJAna AvRta hone ke kAraNa) unheM nahIM jAna paate| vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya, navAni gRhNAti nro'praanni| tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehii| (gItA-2/22)

Page #499
- jisa prakAra koI manuSya purAne vastroM ko chor3akara naye vastra grahaNa karatA hai, usI prakAra AtmA purAne zarIra kA tyAga kara dUsare naye zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai / AtmA eka zAzvata dravya hai- yaha AtmavAda kA niskarSa hai / karmoM kA phala bhugatanA hI par3atA hai, bhale hI isa janma meM yA agale janmoM meMyaha karmavAda kA utsa hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke ukta donoM vAdoM ko samanvita karane vAlA eka tIsarA phalitavAda hai- punarjanmavAda / AtmavAda, karmavAda va punarjanma ke sambandha meM vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM kA dRSTikoNa samAna hai / janama ka 000

Page #500
88000000000000 0 -80058889988907 Ranisasana mRtyu pratyeka dehadhAriyoM ke lie avazyambhAvI hai| deha kA saMyoga 'janma' hai to deha kA viyoga mRtyu hai| pratyeka saMyoga kA anta hotA hai, ata: janma ke sAtha mRtyu jur3I hotI hai| janmadhAriyoM kA mRtyugrasta honA kisI sImita pradeza meM nahIM, apitu samasta loka meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| devatA va unake indra taka kI Ayu kA kahIM na kahIM anta hotA hI hai| mRtyu bar3I nirdaya hotI hai| yaha vyakti ko usI prakAra acAnaka khIMca kara le jAtI hai, jisa prakAra siMha hiraNa ko eka jhapaTTe meM muMha meM daboca kara le jAtA hai| - jaina va vaidika- donoM dharma-paramparAeM dhArmika udbodhana ke prasaMga meM pratyeka vyakti ko mRtyu kI anivAryatA se paricita karAnA apekSita samajhatI haiM tAki vaha vyakti Atma-kalyANa yathAzIghra kara le| (1) maccuNAbbhAhao logo, jarAe privaario| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 14/23) -yaha loka mRtyu se abhyAhata-AkrAnta hai, jarA-buDhApe se parivArita-ghirA huA hai| (2) mRtyunA'bhyAhatoloko, jarayA privaaritH| __(mahAbhArata- 12/277/9) - yaha loka mRtyu se abhyAhata-AkrAnta hai, jarA-buDhApe se parivArita-ghirA huA hai|

Page #501
(3) jaheha sIhova miyaMgahAya maccUNaraMNei huaNtkaale|| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 13/22) - jisa prakAra siMha mRga ko pakar3a kara le jAtA hai, usI prakAra antima samaya meM mRtyu manuSya ko uThAkara le jAtI hai| (4) suptavyAghro mRgamiva, mRtyurAdAya gcchti| (mahAbhArata- 12/175/18) -soye hue mRga ko siMha kI taraha mRtyu prANI ko le jAtI hai| saMsAra meM bahuta se pApoM kA kAraNa yaha hotA hai ki pApI vyakti apanI mRtyu ke bAre meM saceta nahIM hotaa| mRtyu kI avazyambhAvitA tathA aniyatakAlatA ko hRdayaMgama karate hI vyakti kA pApa-karma meM utsAha kama ho jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha taba soca rahA hotA hai ki jina zarIra, parivAra, dhana-sampatti Adi ke lie vaha pApa karma kara rahA hai, unheM mRtyu kisI bhI samaya chIna hI legii| isI dRSTi se, vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharma-paramparAoM meM mRtyu kI avazyambhAvitA ko yatra-tatra rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| janAdiko sAka

Page #502
Fre312271121 (hetu) haiN| vaidika va jaina- ina donoM dharmoM meM 'karmasiddhAnta' ko svIkArA gayA hai / karma siddhAnta puruSArthavAda ko sAtha lekara calatA hai| ajJAna va pramAda kI avasthA meM kiyA gayA asaMyamamaya puruSArtha karma-bandhana va duHkha-paramparA kA kAraNa hotA hai, to samyagjJAna va apramAda ke sAtha kiyA gayA saMyamamaya puruSArtha mokSa va zAzvata sukha kA kAraNa hotA hai| isa prakAra, bandhana va mokSa- ina donoM ke pIche vyakti kA apanA puruSArtha hI hotA hai| ukta donoM puruSArthoM meM mokSa ke lie kiyA gayA puruSArtha zreyaskara hotA hai, kyoMki mokSa kA artha hai- sadA-sarvadA ke lie sAMsArika bandhanoM se chUTa jAnA / mukti prApta hone ke bAda, punaH duHkhadAyI bandhana kI sambhAvanA hI samApta ho jAtI hai| uparyukta cintana-prakriyA meM vaidika va jaina, donoM hI dharma-paramparAeM sahabhAgitA rakhatI haiN| (1) rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM / ( uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 32/7) rAga-dveSa (Antarika pariNAma) hI karma - bandhana ke bIja tRtIya khaNDa 425

Page #503
(2) kAmabandhanamevaikaM nAnyadastIha bndhnm| (mahAbhArata- 12/2517) - kAma (rAga) kA bandhana hI bandhana hai, anya kucha bandhana nahIM hai| (3) aAtthaheuM niyayassa bNdho| (uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 14/19) - tumhArA apanA bandhana tumhAre Antarika pariNAmoM para nirbhara (4) baMdhappamokkho tujjha aAtthe v|| __ (AcArAMga sUtra-1/5n) - bandhana se mukti tumhAre hI hAtha meM hai| (5) uddharedAtmanA''tmAnaM naatmaanmvsaadyet| (gItA- 6/5) - AtmA se hI AtmA kA uddhAra kare, use girAe nhiiN| (6) apuNarAvitti siddhigai nAmadheyaM tthaannN| (AvazyakasUtra, pratikramaNa) muktAtmAoM kA sthAna vaha hai, jise siddhagati nAma se pukArate haiM aura jahAM jAkara vApisa nahIM aate|

Page #504
(7) yadgatvAna nivartante, taddhAma paramaM mm| (gItA- 15/6) - jahAM jAkara (jIva) vApisa nahIM Ate, vahI merA parama sthAna hai| 000 bandhana ke lie kisI anya ko doSa denA tathA mokSa-prApti ke lie kisI anya paramezvara kI kRpA para Azrita honA- ye donoM hI mAnyatAeM puruSArthavAda ke pratikUla haiN| jaise bandhana hamAre apane karmoM kA kuphala hai, vaise hI mokSa bhI apane puruSArtha dvArA prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| mukta hone kA artha hai- AtmIya zuddha svarUpa 'paramezvaratva' kI prApti aura saMsAra se pUrNataH nivRtti| isa zAzvata satya kA vaidika va jaina- donoM dharmoM ne samarthana kiyA hai| 174 ,477

Page #505
MM jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA- donoM Atmatattva dRSTi se samAna haiM, kintu donoM kA svarUpa eka dUsare se viziSTa hai| 'paramAtmA' zabda hI yaha saMketa karatA hai ki vaha sAdhAraNa AtmAoM se 'parama' yAnI zreSThatama hai| vaidika paramparA ke vividha darzanoM meM paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko lekara vividha mata-matAntara haiM, ataH unameM ekamatya nahIM hai| phira bhI, una saba meM samAnatA ke kucha sUtroM kI saMbhAvanA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| vaidika paramparA ke yoga darzana meM Izvara yA paramAtmA ko eka aisA viziSTa AtmA (puruSa-vizeSa) mAnA gayA hai jo avidyA, karma-bandhana ke zubhAzubha phaloM Adi se aspRSTa hotA hai| sAdhaka sAdhanA meM Izvara/paramAtmA ko apanI dhyAna-sAdhanA kA viSaya yA Alambana banAtA hai| vaidika paramparA meM yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki paramezvara/paramAtmA lokahita kI dRSTi se pRthvI para avatarita hotA hai, ata: vaha lokatrAtA, jagannAtha, dInabandhu va bhaktavatsala Adi vizeSaNoM ke sAtha pukArA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, sAMsArika bandhanoM se grasta evaM rAgAdilipta AtmAeM 'jIvAtmA' haiM jaba ki vItarAga evaM sAMsArika bandhanoM se aspRSTa AtmAeM paramAtmA haiN| paramAtmA ke bhI do bheda haiM- (1) vikala (videha) paramAtmA, aura (2) sakala (jIvanmukta) prmaatmaa| vikala (siddha) paramAtmA adRzya hotA hai aura isalie mitrazatru, hitakArI-ahitakArI Adi rUpoM se pare hotA hai| kintu sakala (jIvanmukta, arhat) paramAtmA dehadhArI evaM divya teja va acintya zakti se sampanna hotA huA

Page #506
jJAna-jyoti kA pracAra-prasAra karatA huA lokakalyANakArI, dInabandhu Adi ke rUpa meM jana-jana kA vandanIya banatA hai| sabhI mokSArthiyoM ke lie usakA svarUpa eka Adarza hotA hai aura usakI zaraNa meM gae aneka prANI sajjJAna prApta kara, Atma-kalyANa karane meM sakSama hote haiN| ___ uparyukta vicAra-binduoM ke pariprekSya meM jaina va vaidika- ina donoM dharmoM kI paramparA meM samAnatA ke kucha sUtra prastuta uddharaNoM meM mukharita hue haiM: (1) joI jhAeu nniy-aadN| (nayacakra-348) - yogI nija (parama) AtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai| (2) tattha paro jhaaijji| (mokSaprAbhRta-4) - parama AtmA (paramAtmA-parameSThI) dhyAna karane yogya hai| (3) dhyAyatha aatmaanm| (muNDaka upaniSad- 2/216) - (parama, AtmA kA dhyAna kreN| (4) sarvendriTaH ya, stimitenaantraatmnaa| yatkSaNaM pAna, tattattvaM prmaatmnH|| (samAdhizataka-30) -samasta indriyoM kA nigraha karake, sthira antarAtmA dvArA (dhyAna meM) jo anubhati meM AtA hai, vaha paramAtmA tattva hai|

Page #507
(5) dhyAnanirmathanAmyAsAd devaM pazyed nigUDhavat / (zvetAzvatara upaniSad - 1/4 ) - dhyAna ke abhyAsa dvArA antarnihita - nigUDha (paramAtmA) deva kA sAkSAtkAra kare / pitAmaha haiM / (6) tato yogina cainaM pazyantyAtmanyavasthitam / ( gItA - 15/11 ) -yogI prayatnazIla hokara apanI AtmA meM hI avasthita isa (paramAtmA) ko dekhate haiM- sAkSAtkAra karate haiM / (7) jagaNAo, jagabaMdhU jaya jagappiyAmo bhayavaM / ( nandI sUtra - 1) - bhagavAn mahAvIra jagat ke nAtha, jagat ke baMdhu aura jagat ke (8) sarvalokamahezvaraM suhRdaM sarvabhUtAnAm / ( gItA - 5/29) --paramAtmA sarvaloka ke mahezvara aura bhUtamAtra ke suhRd-bandhu haiM / (9) logassa ujjoyagare caMdesu nimmalayarA, Aiccesu ahiyaM payAsayarA / (Avazyaka sUtra, caturviMzatistava) -loka meM udyota karane vAle ve prabhu candramA se bhI adhika nirmala aura sUrya se bhI adhika prakAza karane vAle haiN| jana dharma evaM vaidika dharma kI sAskRtika ekatA 480

Page #508
(10) prabhA'smi shshi-suuryyoH| (gItA-7/8) - sUrya aura candramA meM unakI prabhA maiM hI huuN| (11) tejstejsvinaamhm| (gItA-7/10) - tejasviyoM kA teja maiM huuN| (12) arihaMte saraNaM pvjjaami| (Avazyaka sUtra, sAmAyika) - maiM arihaMtoM kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| (13) siddhesaraNaM pvjjaami| (Avazyaka sUtra, sAmAyika) - maiM siddhoM kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| (14) sAhU saraNaM pvjaami| (Avazyaka sUtra, sAmAyika) - maiM sAdhuoM kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN| (15) kevali-pannattaM dhammaMsaraNaM pvjjaami| (Avazyaka sUtra, sAmAyika) - maiM kevalI-prarUpita dharma kI zaraNa svIkAra karatA huuN|

Page #509
(16) tameva zaraNaM gaccha / - usa Izvara kI hI zaraNa lo / - (17) mAmekaM zaraNaM vraja / - tUM eka merI hI zaraNa meM A jaa| paramAtmA samasta loka kA nAtha va jagadbandhu hai / sAMsArika duHkha se chUTane ke lie 'dharma' ekamAtra upAya hai aura dharma ke mUla upadeSTA ke rUpa meM sarvajJa paramAtmA kI zaraNa jAnA zreyaskara hogA hI- isa vaicArika prakriyA meM vaidika va jainadonoM paramparAeM sahabhAgI haiN| jaina dharma vaidika dharma kI sAkRtika ekatA 482 (gItA -18/62) ( gItA - 18/66) 000

Page #510
abhimata dharma aura saMskRti kA matekya sadiyoM se rahA hai| vicArakoM ke zabda pRthaka ho sakate haiM, kintu mAnava kalyANa kI bhAvanA aura jIvana kA paritoSa kabhI nahIM bdltaa| pratyeka yugIna vicAraka ne ise eka nayA muhAvarA kucha naye zabda dekara Age bar3hAyA hai| prastuta pustaka meM bhI samanvayI dharma prabhAvaka AcArya zrI subhadra muni jI ma. ne bhAratIya manISA kI vaidika eMva jaina saMskRtiyo ke inhIM samanvayI binduoM ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai jinakA mUla kahIM na kahIM eka hI hai| isa zodha AcArya zrI jI ne meM udAharaNoM ke sAtha vistAra se eka eka viSaya ko samajhAte hue aisA setu banAne kI koziza kI hai| jisakI AvazyakatA sadaiva rahatI hai| ina vicAroM ke hArda meM AcArya zrI jI kA prayAsa yaha hai ki ina vicAroM ko vicAraka jaba bhI cintana kareM to usake AdhAra binduoM ko anadekhA na kreN| hameM AzA hai ki AcArya zrI dvArA prastuta yaha vicAra tala samanvaya kI dhArA ko, liekatA ko bhI majabUta -prakAzaka yUnivarsiTI pablikezana 4637/20, aMsArI roDa, dariyAgaMja naI dillI -110002