Jain Darshan me Vyavahar ke Prerak Tattva

Author(s): Pramuditashreeji
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004097/1

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mAna mAyA ISBNNo.978-81-910801-2-4 krodha loka parigraha odha maithuna bhaya AhAra sukha-dukha dharma moha zoka vicikitsA jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke preraka tattva lekhikA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina sAdhvI DaoN. pramuditAzrI prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura evaM anubhava smAraka, pAlI mArgadarzaka evaM sampAdaka

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pa.pU. mahAna AtmasAdhikA guruvaryA anubhavazrIjI ma.sA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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M zrI AdinAtha prabhu anubhava smAraka, pAlI (rAja.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pa.pU. AtmasAdhikA zrI anubhava zrI jI ma.sA. pa.pU. zrI vinoda zrI jI ma.sA. pa.pU. guruvaryA zrI hemaprabhA zrI jI ma.sA. artha sahayoga :-saMghavI zrImatI zAMtidevI pukharAjajI jaina cairITebala TrasTa mokalasara (rAja.) Jain

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pa.pU. suprasiddha vyAkhyAtrI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. kI preraNA se nirmita bhavyAtibhavya anubhava smAraka saMsthAna, pAlI (rAja.) tIrthatulya anubhava smAraka meM nayanaramya zrI AdinAtha jinAlaya jinakuzala sUri dAdAvAr3I, gurumaMdira dharmazAlA, upAzraya bhojana zAlA evaM jJAna maMdira (skUla) nirmita hai| yahA~ kA suramya vAtAvaraNa janamAnasa ko pramudita banAtA hai| zrI AdinAtha jinAlaya evaM zrI jinakuzalasUri dAdAvAr3I zaMkhezvara tIrtha (guja.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pa.pU.svargIya sAdhvI ziromaNi zrIanubhavazrIjI ma.sA. evaM zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. kA ziSyA-praziSyA maMDala pa.pU.sAdhvI zrI vinodazrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.sAdhvI ziromaNi zrI anubhavazrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.sAdhvI zrI priyadarzanAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.sAdhvI zrI vinayaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.sAdhvI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.sAdhvI zrI jayaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI kalpalatAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI vinitaprajJAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI priyavaMdAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI amitayazAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI vinitayazAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI zradhdAMjanAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI yogAMjanAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI zIlAMjanAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI zubdAMjanAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrIpa.pU. sAdhvI zrI dIpamAlAzrIjI ma.sA dIpazikhAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI tiAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI prazamitAzrIjI ma.sA pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI Jan Ed arhamanidhizrIjI ma.sA. pa.pa.sAdhvI zrIpa.pU. sAdhvI zrI pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI pa.pU. sAdhvI zrI dharmanidhizrIjI ma.sA saMbegapriMyAzrIjI ma.rasA use jayapriyAzrIjI ma.sA kalyANAmAlAzrIjI ma.sA.org

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ISBN No. 978-81-910801-2-4 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke preraka tattva (jaina darzana meM saMjJA kI avadhAraNA) divya kRpA pa. pU. mahAna AtmasAdhikA zrI anubhava zrIjI ma.sA. pa. pU. suprasiddha vyAkhyAtrI zrI hemaprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. parokSa AzIrvAda pa. pU. prajJAsampannA zrI vinItaprajJAzrIjI ma. sA. AtmIya AzIrvAda pa. pU. sudIrgha saMyamI zrI vinoda zrIjI ma. sA. pa. pU. samatAmUrtti zrI vinayaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. pa. pU. saralamanA zrI kalpalatAzrIjI ma.sA. lekhikA pa. pU. suprasiddha vyAkhyAtrI guruvaryA zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma. sA. kI suziSyA (sAMsArika bhatIjI) sAdhvI DaoN. pramuditA zrI prakAzaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma. pra. ) zrI anubhava smAraka saMsthAna, pAlI For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke preraka tattva (saMjJA kI avadhAraNA) jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM dvArA pIeca.DI. upAdhi prApta zodha prabandha lekhikA : sAdhvI DaoN. pramuditA zrI sampAdaka evaM mArgadarzaka : DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura anubhava smAraka, pAlI prakAzana varSa : san 2013 mUlya : rupaye 300/- (tIna sau rupaye mAtra) prApti sthAna zrI anubhava smAraka saMsthAna bhAkharI roDa, sarkiTa hAusa ke sAmane, posTa pAlI.306401 (rAja.) phona : 02932-228410 zrI zaMkhezvara jinakuzala sUri dAdAvAr3I saMsthAna ahamadAbAda-zaMkhezvara hAive roDa, po. zaMkhezvara-384246 ji. pATana (gujarAta) phona : 02733-273505 prAcya vidyApITha dupAr3A roDa, zAjApura (ma.pra.) 465001 phona : 07364-222218 mudraka AkRti oNphaseTa 5, naIpeTha, ujjaina (ma.pra.) phona : 0734-2561720,2561314 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva samarpaNa jinake mukha para teja aura saumyatA thI, jinakI vANI meM oja aura madhuratA thI, jinake kArya meM zaurya aura dakSatA thI, jinake hRdaya meM vAtsalya aura pavitratA thI, jinake jIvana meM svAdhyAya aura jAgRti thI, sarvaguNa sampannA o ! 'guruvaryA' kahU~ maiM kauna-sI vizeSatA... ApakI hI divya kRpA se yaha zrutadhArA pravAhita huii| Apa hI kI asIma kRpA se yaha kRti nirmita huI / merI jIvana nirmAtrI, saMyamadAtrI, suprasiddha vyAkhyAtrI pa. pU. guruNImaiyA zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. ke caraNa-kamaloM meM kRti kA pratyeka zabda sazraddhA, sabhakti, savinaya sAdara smrpit...| - sAdhvI pramuditA 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva maMgalakAmanA sAdhvI pramuditAzrIjI ko pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi milI, yaha jAnakara prasannatA huii| Apane jaina-darzana meM saMjJA (vyavahAra ke preraka tattva) viSaya para zodha kiyA aura unakA vaha grantha bhI aba prakAzita ho rahA hai| nizcita rUpa se yaha grantha sabhI dharmapremI sAdhakoM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM gurU bhaktoM kA mArgadarzana kregaa| maiM isa grantha ke prakAzana se jur3e sabhI mahAnubhAvoM ko sAdhuvAda preSita karatA hU~ tathA isake zIghra prakAzana kI maMgalakAmanA karatA huuN| gacchahitecchu gacchAdhipati AcArya jina kailAzasAgara sUri namonamaH zrI gurunemisUraye // .. viduSI zAsana prabhAvikA sAdhvIjI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma. kI ziSyA sAdhvI pramuditAzrI ne 'saMjJA' ko viSaya banAkara zodhakArya kiyA aura bahuta kama arase meM apanA zodha-prabandha taiyAra kiyA, etadartha unheM khUba-khUba sAdhuvAda detA hU~| unake mArgadarzaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina bhI dhanyavAda ke adhikArI haiM, jinhoMne unako sucAru mArgadarzana dekara unakA yaha kArya sugama bnvaayaa| sAdhvIjI kI yaha zodha-svAdhyAya yAtrA yahIM sImita na rahakara khUba Age bar3hatI rahe aura aise aneka viSayoM para vaha svAdhyAya va zodha karatI huI khuda kI Atmika unnati sAdhe aura jina-pravacana kA prakAza sarvatra phailAtI rahe- aisI maMgalakAmanA evaM zubhAzISa detA huuN| AcArya vinayazIlacandrasUri For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jaina darzana kI saMjJA kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke prakAzana prasaMga para khUba-khUba AzIrvAda svAdhyAya to saMyama-jIvana kA prANa hai| paramAtmA ke zAsana ke eka-eka tattva adbhuta haiM, anupama haiM, (Uncompareable) jinavANI to jJAna kA dariyA hai, Ocean of Knowledge ! 'isameM gahare pAnI peTha' jo gaharAI meM utaregA, vo hI sacce motI paayegaa| Apane mehanata kI zAstra viSayoM kI gaharAI meM jAne kI koziza kI- khUba-khUba aannd| uttarottara jinAjJAnusAra svAdhyAya ko jIvana meM pariNata kara mokSa pAyeMyahI zubhecchA. AcArya vinayarazmiratnasUri 10.9.2012, usmAnapurA AzIrvacanam paramAtmA mahAvIra ne 'AcArAMga' Agama ke prathama sUtra meM saMjJA kI carcA kI hai| yaha eka vyApaka zabda hai, jo hara prANI ke jIvana se jur3A hai| ... kucha karane kI, kucha pAne kI, kucha chor3ane kI vRtti saMjJA hai|in saMjJAoM para vijaya prApta karanA hI hamArA lakSya hai, yahI mukti kA mArga hai, isaliye ina saMjJAoM ke svarUpa, viSaya kA bodha honA bahuta jarUrI hai, tAki inake prati anAsakti kA bhAva jagAyA jA ske| sAdhvI zrI pramuditA zrIjI ne isa upayogI viSaya para zodha-prabandha likhakara eka anumodanIya puruSArtha kiyA hai| ve udIyamAna viduSI sAdhvI haiN| saMyama kI laghu paryAyAvadhi meM unhoMne adhyayana ke kSetra meM prazaMsanIya u~cAI prApta kI hai| cintana-manana karane yogya yaha zodha-prabandha prakAzita hone jA rahA hai, yaha prasannatA kA viSaya hai| nizcita hI yaha grantha vidvadajanoM ke sAtha hara svAdhyAyI ke lie upayogI bnegaa| yahI merI kAmanA hai| sAdhvI zrI pramuditAzrIjI svAdhyAya kI gaharAIyoM ke sAtha lekhana ke kSetra meM pragati sAdhate rahe unake dvArA nirantara navasarjana hotA rhe....| -upAdhyAya maNiprabhasAgara For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AzIrvacanam saMsArI jIvana ke jIvatva ko jisase jAnA yA pahacAnA jAtA hai, use saMjJA (Instinct) kahate haiM, jo hamArI vyavahAra kI preraka bhI banatI hai| saMjJAoM se bAdhita hokara hI jIva karma karatA hai aura karma ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI jIva sAMsArika sukha-duHkha ko prApta hotA hai aura inhIM ke kAraNa tanAvagrasta bhI banatA hai| sAdhvI pramaditAjI ne 'jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva saMjJA kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' viSaya para zodha-kArya kiyA hai| sampUrNa zodha-kArya Agama marmajJa DaoN. sAgaramalajI ke durlabha sannidhi meM pUrNa kiyaa| __ Adhunika yuga ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vaijJAnika zailI ko apanAkara, jo tulanAtmaka cintana prastuta kiyA hai, yaha prayAsa stutya evaM anumodanIya hai| paramAtmA kI vANI unake svAdhyAyamaya jIvana kI paryAya bane, ratnatraya ArAdhanA ke dvArA svayaM ke jIvana ko prakAzita karate hue jinazAsana kI garimA meM abhivRddhi kare, yahI zubhAzISa / yaha zodha-prabandha jana-jana ke jIvana kA pathapradarzaka aura Atmadarzana meM upayogI siddha hogaa| bhaviSya meM bhI isI taraha zruta bhakti kA lAbha pramuditA zrI ko milatA rhe| isI maMgalAkAMkSA ke sAtha zrI anubhavacaraNa raja sAdhvI vinodazrI pAlI For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AzIrvacanam jainadarzana meM saMjJA, jise zArIrika AvazyakatAoM evaM manobhAvoM kI vaha mAnasika cetanA mAnA hai, jo AzA, abhilASA ke rUpa meM vyakta hotI hai, jo hamAre vyavahAra kI preraka banatI hai| jIva isa loka meM saMjJA ke kAraNa hI tanAvagrasta hotA hai, sukha-duHkha ko prApta karatA hai| vyakti apanI viveka zakti se saMjJAoM kA jJAna kara evaM unakIheya, jJeya evaM upAdeya ko jAnakara apanI duSpravRttiyoM se Upara uTha sakatA hai| isI bAta ko lakSya meM rakhate hue merI gurubahinA sAdhvIratnA pramuditAzrIjI ne yathAzakya isa upayogI viSaya para apanA cintana prakhara kiyaa| mana atyanta pulakita ho rahA hai ki tumane 'jaina-darzana meM saMjJA kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' viSaya para apanA saphalatama zodhakArya paripUrNa kiyA | sAhitya evaM jaina-darzana ke adhyayana meM apanI upalabdhi ke uccatama stara ko sparza kiyaa| niHsandeha yaha tumhArA athaka prayAsa paramAtmA kI asIma kRpAdRSTi evaM pU. guruvaryAzrI ke AzIrvAda kI hI pariNati hai| tumhArI isa zreSThatama saphalatA evaM utkRSTa upalabdhi para hRdaya kI gaharAiyoM se tumheM bdhaaii| ___apanI parilakSita evaM pariSkRta pratibhA kA sadupayoga sadaiva tuma apane jIvana ke kalyANa tathA.dharma evaM samAja ke hita meM karake jina zAsana kI jyoti ko nirantara jyotirmaya banAye rakhanA, yahI mNglbhaavnaa....| zrI hema gurucaraNa raja sAdhvI kalpalatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva anumodanA ke svara sAdhvI pramuditAzrIjI ne jaina-darzana meM vyavahAra ke preraka tattva (saMjJA kI avadhAraNA) viSaya para eka zodha-prabandha likhA hai| isa para unheM jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya lADanUM se pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta huI hai| hameM yaha jAnakara prasannatA ho rahI hai ki anubhava-sAdhvI maNDala kI eka sadasyA kA vaha zodha-prabandha aba prakAzita ho rahA hai| hama yaha jAnakara pramudita haiM aura isa punIta avasara para unheM AzIrvAda evaM maMgalakAmanA preSita karate haiN| ve pUjyA hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. ke sAdhvI maNDala kI.hI eka aMga haiM aura isa artha meM ve hamArI gurubhaginI haiM / ve prabuddha evaM adhyayanazIla tathA svabhAva se mRdu evaM vyavahAra kuzala bhI haiM / jainavidyA ke kSetra meM unake lekhana-kArya kA yaha prathama prayAsa nizcita hI anumodanIya hai| hama sabhI unake isa kArya kI anumodanA karatI haiM aura yaha apekSA rakhatI haiM ki ve nirantara jinavANI kI sevA karate hae saMyama ke patha para samArUr3ha banI rhe| unhoMne jisa viSaya kA cayana kiyA hai, vaha nizcita hI Adhunika manovijJAna kA eka pramukha viSaya hai / DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ke nirdezana meM unhoMne use jaina-vidyA se jor3akara jo abhivyakti dene kA prayatna kiyA hai, vaha nizcita hI vartamAna yuga meM prAsaMgika to hai hI, sAtha hI vartamAna yuga ke manuSyoM ko eka sArthaka jIvana jIne kI eka samyaka dizA bhI pradAna karatA hai| unake isa grantha ke prakAzana kI belA meM puna: hama saba unake isa kArya kI anumodanA karate hue yaha maMgalakAmanA karatI haiM, ki ve vidyA ke kSetra meM nirantara pragati karatI rhe| amitayazAzrI zuddhAnaMnAzrI bhaginI maNDala For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva anumodanA jaise cetanA jIva ke jIvatva kA lakSaNa hai, vaise hI saMjJAe~ sabhI saMsArI jIvoM kA lakSaNa haiN| AdaraNIya sAdhvI pramuditAzrIjI ne apane zodha-prabandha meM saMjJA ke bahuAyAmI arthoM ko bakhUbI prastuta kiyA hai| do akSara ke isa zabda meM jIvana kA sAra darzAyA hai, jise jAnakara evaM samyak prakAra se jIkara, jijJAsu prajJAvAn ho jAtA hai aura anta meM vaha pAne meM saphala ho jAtA hai, jise prApta karane ke lie hamane jIvana liyA hai| isa zodha-grantha meM, saMjJA aura saMjJI ke vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAtmaka pakSa kA vistRta vivaraNa milajAtA hai kisa prakAra sAmAnya jana, ogha aura dharmasaMjJA ko chor3akara, bAkI kI caudaha saMjJAoM meM lipta rahatA hai | yaha zodha-grantha eka sau pacAsa se adhika granthoM evaM patrikAoM kA nicor3a hai| sAdhvIjI sAdhuvAda kI pAtra haiN| aise prayAsa hI sva-para ke kalyANa ke nimitta banate haiN| inakI kalama se aisI racanAe~ satat pravAhita hotI raheM, inhIM zubhakAmanAoM shit| DaoN. jJAna jaina, cainnaI (tamilanADu) For Personal & Private Use Only

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10 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva prAkkathana -pro. sAgaramala jaina mAnavajIvana, prANIyajIvana kA hI eka vikasita rUpa hai| vyavahAra ke preraka tattvoM meM donoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatA hai, antara mAtra yaha hai ki manuSya meM viveka aura saMyama kI zakti bhI rahI huI hai aura isake AdhAra para vaha apane vyavahAra ko pariSkArita evaM parimArjita bhI kara sakatA hai| jIvana-vyavahAra ko pariSkArita karane kI yaha kalA hI use dhArmika banA detI hai| viveka aura saMyama kI zakti- ye do hI aise viziSTa tattva haiM, jo mAnavIya vyavahAra ko anya prANiyoM ke vyavahAra se pRthak karate haiN| mAnava cAhe to apane vyavahAra ko ina donoM tattvoM ke AdhAra para pariSkArita yA parimArjita kara sakatA hai, anya . avikasita prANiyoM meM viveka-zakti kA abhAva hotA hai| manuSya meM vAsanA aura viveka-donoM hI virodhI zaktiyA~ rahI huI haiM, jo usake vyavahAra ko prerita karatI rahatI haiM / kabhI mAnava-vyavahAra vAsanA se calita hotA hai aura vaha bhI pazuvat vyavahAra karatA hai| kahA bhI gayA haiM-AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna kI pravRtti manuSya aura pazu donoM meM samAna rahatI hai, phira bhI viveka use yaha sikhA detA hai ki use kyA khAnA hai, kaba khAnA hai aura kaise khAnA hai| jaina-darzana meM vyavahAra ke ina preraka tattvoM ko 'saMjJA' zabda se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| jaina granthoM meM hameM cAra, dasa aura solaha saMjJAoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| ina solaha saMjJAoM meM vivekazIlatA aura dharma hI aise haiM, jo zeSa saMjJAoM ko pariSkArita aura parimArjita kara sakate haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna meM inheM mUlapravRtti (Instinct) ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM mekaDyUgala ne prANI-vyavahAra ke preraka tattva ke rUpa meM caudaha mUla pravRttiyoM kI carcA kI hai, jo bahuta kucha rUpa meM jaina-darzana kI saMjJA kI avadhAraNA se samAnatA rakhatI hai| jaina-darzana meM jina solaha saMjJAoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hai ve nimna haiM- 1. AhAra, 2. bhaya, 3. maithuna, 4. parigraha (saMgrahavRtti), 5. krodha, 6. mAna (ahaMkAra), 7. mAyA (kapaTavRtti), 8. lobha, 9. dharma, 10. ogha, 11. loka, 12. sukha, 13. du:kha, 14. moha, 15. zoka aura 16. vicikitsaa| ina solaha saMjJAoM meM ogha aura loka-saMjJA vastutaH anukaraNAtmaka pravRtti kI sUcaka haiM, jabaki dharmasaMjJA. vivekAtmaka hai, zeSa teraha saMjJAe~ vAsanAtmaka jIvana kI hI paricAyaka haiM | vAsanAtmaka evaM anukaraNAtmaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva pravattiyA~ kabhI vikasita prANiyoM meM bhI pAI jAtI haiM. mAtra vivekajanya dharma hI eka aisA tattva hai, jo manuSya meM hI pAyA jAtA hai aura usake vivekapUrNa AcaraNa se sambandhita hai| sAmAnyatayA, prANIya vyavahAra AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, sukha, duHkha-ina tattvoM se prerita hotA hai| zeSa sabhI saMjJAeM prANI ke vAsanAtmaka jIvana se sambandhita hai, ata: ve usakI ajJAnadazA kI sUcaka bhI haiM / zoka kA tattva bhI prANI-vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karatA hai, kintu yaha tabhI sambhava hotA hai, jaba vyakti ke yA prANI ke jIvana meM iSTa kA viyoga aura aniSTa kA saMyoga hotA hai| isI prakAra-bhaya kA tattva bhI iSTa ke viyoga yA aniSTa ke saMyoga kI AzaMkA yA jIvana ke saMkaTa kI AzaMkA se utpanna hotA hai| ye donoM cetanAtmaka hote haiM, phira bhI inameM viveka kA tattva anupasthita rahatA mAnava-jIvana kI hI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha ina vAsanAtmaka aura ajJAnamUlaka aMdhapravRttirUpa vyavahAra ke ina preraka tattvoM para viveka yA dharma (saMyama) kA aMkuza lagA sakatA hai| apane vyavahAra ko suniyojita, saMtulita aura samyak banAnA-yahI mAnavIya jIvana kI vizeSatA hai| dharma vaha tattva hai, jo vAsanA para viveka kA aMkuza lagAtA hai aura usase prerita vyavahAra ko eka samyak dizA sujhAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA, mAnavIya vyavahAra ke mUla meM bhI kahIM-na-kahIM vAsanA kA tattva rahA huA hai| vAsanA jaba apanI pUrti cAhatI hai, to vaha icchA, AkAMkSA yA abhilASA ke rUpa meM badala jAtI hai aura hamAre vyavahAra ko saMcAlita karatI hai, kintu manuSya jaise vikasita prANI hI ina vAsanAoM aura unase utpanna icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti ke prati sajaga ho sakate haiM aura apanI vivekazIlatA ke mAdhyama se unheM sahI dizA meM niyojita kara sakate haiM, jabaki avikasita prANI unheM samyak rUpa se niyojita nahIM kara pAte haiM / ve mAtra vAsanA yA kSudhAjanya kAmanA se prerita hokara aMdhapravRtti ke dvArA apane jIvana ko saMcAlita karate haiM, unameM kSudhAjanya vedanA hI pramukha hotI hai, jo unake vyavahAra ko prerita karatI hai| saMjJA meM zArIrika AvazyakatA aura mAnasika cetanA- donoM hI hote haiN| daihika AdhAra para vaha eka kSudhA hai, jo aMdhapravRtti ke rUpa meM kArya karatI hai, jabaki mAnasikacetanA ke dvArA vaha eka aisI AkAMkSA va abhilASA bana jAtI hai, jo heya evaM upAdeya kA vicAra karatI hai aura kabhI nahIM karatI hai| nimna zreNI ke prANiyoM meM saMjJA eka zArIrika-AvazyakatA yA jaivika-kSudhA ke rUpa meM hI kArya karatI hai| kucha vikasita prANiyoM meM mAnasika cetanA to hai, kintu vaha bhI aMdhapravRtti- rUpa For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatatva unake vyavahAra ko hI prerita karatI hai, jabaki mAnava jaise vikasita prANI meM vaha eka cintana mUlaka mAnasika-saMcetanA rUpa hotI hai aura yahIM viveka kA tattva usake vyavahAra ke sAtha jur3atA jAtA hai / yadyapi sabhI dehadhArI yA saMsArI prANI ina jaivikavRttiyoM se yukta hote haiM, kintu unameM manuSya hI eka aisA hai, jo unake prati sajaga hokara vivekapUrNa nirNaya lene kI ora tadanurUpa vyavahAra karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| yahI dharma kA tattva bhI usake jIvana meM jur3atA hai, jo usakI viziSTatA bana jAtA hai| yahI viveka kA tattva hI usase naitika evaM dhArmika sadAcaraNa kI apekSA rakhatA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se dharma aura naitikatA hI aise do abhinna tattva haiM, jo mAnavIya-vyavahAra ko parimArjita aura pariSkArita karate haiN| jaina-dharma meM saMjJA kI jo avadhAraNA hai, vaha eka ora prANIya vyavahAra ke jaivika evaM manovaijJAnika preraka tattvoM kI vyAkhyA karatI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora, dharma yA naitikatA para bala dekara vyakti ke vyavahAra ko pariSkArita evaM parimArjita bhI karatI hai| saMjJAeM eka ora yaha batAtI hai ki kina-kina paristhitiyoM meM prANI kisa prakAra kA vyavahAra kregaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, ve vyavahAra kA jaivika evaM manovaijJAnika AdhAra para vizleSaNa karatI haiM, kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI sikhAtI haiM ki eka vivekazIla evaM dhArmika prANI hone ke nAte manuSya ko kisa prakAra kA vyavahAra karanA cAhie? ve vyavahAra ke kSetra meM yathArtha aura Adarza ke bIca eka setu banAtI hai aura vAsanA aura viveka ke dorAhe para khar3e manuSya ko vyavahAra kI samyaka dizA pradAna karatI hai| vAsanAoM kI pUrti eka tathya hai aura dhArmika honA eka Adarza hai| manuSya ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki yathArtha se Adarza kI aura gatizIla ho| maiM sAdhvI pramuditAzrIjI ko unake bAlyakAla se hI jAnatA huuN| mere pArivArika-pariveza meM rahakara hI unakA vikAsa huA hai| bhAvukatA aura vivekazIlatA-donoM hI guNa unameM haiM, ve yathArtha aura Adarza ke samanvaya kI sAkAra pratimA haiM / pUjya vinodazrIjI evaM pUjya hemaprabhAzrIjI (donoM hI ApakI saMsArapakSIya buAe~ rahI haiM) kA madhura snehAsikta dulAra aura laukika-zikSaNa se prApta vivekazakti-donoM ke samanvaya se hI Apa yuvAvasthA ke prathama caraNa meM hI saMnyAsa jaisA kaThora nirNaya lene meM samartha huI haiN| virodhI dhruvoM ke madhya samanvaya sAdhane kI ApameM adbhuta kalA hai, ataH maiMne aura pUjyA hemaprabhAzrIjI ne vicArapUrvaka hI Apako zodha ke lie 'saMjJA' kA viSaya sujhAyA thaa| unake jIvana meM viSaya-cayana aura lekhana-kArya karane ke bIca aneka apratyAzita bAdhAe~ AI, saMnyasta jIvana kA prArambha pUjyA hemaprabhAzrIjI kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva durghaTanA meM svargavAsa ho jAnA tathA svayaM kA bhI durghaTanAgrasta ho jAnA Adi, phira bhI Apane apanA manobala banAe rakhA aura antata: cAra varSa ke antarAla ke bAda bhI padayAtrA karake zAjApura Akara apanA aura apanI guruNI (buAjI ma.sA.) kA svapna sAkAra kiyaa| lagabhaga 18 mAha ke alpakAla meM yaha zodha-prabandha taiyAra karake pI.eca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI / prastuta zodha-prabandha ApakI prabuddhatA aura parizrama kA paricAyaka hai / jahA~ eka ora merI unase yaha apekSA hai ki ve jaina-vidyA ke kSetra meM isI prakAra parizrama karate hue apanI prabuddhatA se jana-jana kA mArga Alokita karatI raheM, sAtha hI maiM prabuddha pAThaka varga se bhI yaha apekSA rakhUgA ki sAdhvIjI ke parizrama ko sArthaka karate hue yathArtha aura Adarza ke madhya samyaka samAyojana karate hue ve bhI apane mAnava-jIvana ko saphala bnaaeN| bhavadIya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina saMsthApaka nidezaka, prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kRtajJatA jJApana sarvaprathama maiM hRdaya kI asIma AsthA ke sAtha natamastaka hU~ dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAle paramatAraka siddha, buddha, niraMjana, nirAkAra paramAtmA evaM unake zAsana ko, jinhoMne apanI sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se kevalajJAna ke Aloka ko upalabdha kiyA evaM unakI kalyANakAriNI vANI ke prati, jo merI zrutasAdhanA ke avalaMbana bane, merI darzana-vizuddhi, Atmavizuddhi ke sAtha isa kRti ke sarjana kA bhI AdhAra bane haiN| isa zodha-kArya kI sampannatA mahAn AtmasAdhikA, bhAvavatsalA pa.pU. gurUvaryA zrI anubhavazrIjI ma.sA. kI divya kRpA ke binA saMbhava nahIM thii| unakI adRzya preraNA hI mere AtmavizvAsa kA aTala AdhAra bnii| pa.pU. suprasiddha vyAkhyAtrI gurUvaryA zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. (sAMsArika bhuAjI ma.sA.) kI pAvana smRti merI AtmatRpti kA alaukika amRta hai, ve merI cetanA haiM..... ve merI preraNA haiM, dIkSA dAtrI haiM evaM jinakA ziSyatva mere lie gaurava kA viSaya hai| guru samarpitA vinItaprajJAzrIjI ma.sA. jinakI preraNA hI mere adhyayana kA AdhAra thI, paraMtu kAlacakra ke krUra prahAra ne gurUvaryAzrI ko aura unheM mujhase alaga kara diyaa| maiM unake sAtha alpAvadhi taka hI raha pAI, unakI adRzya preraNA hI mere AtmavizvAsa kA AdhAra hai, unakA maMgalamaya AzIrvAda mere jIvana patha ko sadA Alokita karatA rahe, inhIM AkAMkSAoM ke sAtha ArAdhya caraNoM meM anantazaH vaMdanA samarpita .... / jinake AzIrvAda , evaM sneha kI mujhe sadA apekSA hai; pa.pU. sudIrghasaMyamI vinodazrIjI ma.sA. (sAMsArika bar3I bhuAjI ma.sA.) evaM pa.pU. Adarza saMyamI sevAmUrti vinayaprabhAzrIjI m.saa.| merI AtmIya gurubhaginI kokilakaMThI zrI kalpalatAzrIjI ma.sA. jinhoMne laMbI avadhi se adhUre rahe isa zodhakArya ko pUrNa karane hetu pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke bIca bhI mujhe zAjApura bhejA, vaha mere prati unake ananya sneha kA sAkSI hai| ve mere apane haiM, unake prati kRtajJatA jJApita kara parAyepana kI pratIti karAne kA akSamya aparAdha nahIM karUMgI, ApakA snehila sahayoga mujhe sadA milatA rahe, yahI shubhaakaaNkssaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 15 pa.pU. vinItayazAzrIjI ma.sA., priyavaMdAzrIjI ma.sA., amitayazAzrIjI ma.sA., zraddhAMjanAzrIjI ma.sA., zIlAMjanAzrIjI ma.sA., dIpamAlAzrIjI ma.sA., dIpazikhAzrIjI ma.sA., prazamitAjI, arhanidhijI, dharmanidhijI, jayapriyAjI evaM kalyANamAlAjI kA avismaraNIya sahayoga merI zrutasAdhanA kA prANa hai| pratibhAmUrti pa.pU. zuddhAMjanAzrIjI ma.sA., karmaTha evaM sevAbhAvI sadAprasannA yogAMjanAzrIjI ma.sA. evaM adhyayanaratA saMvegapriyAzrIjI kA sahayoga to kRti ke sAtha sadA jur3A hI rahegA, jinhoMne mere adhyayana ko pramukhatA dI, jinakI snehila sadbhAvamaya sannidhi meM yaha kArya saMpanna huaa| unakI nirmala sevAeM kadama-kadama para smaraNIya rahI haiN| inakA meTara kalekzana, prUpharIDiMga meM pUrNa sahayoga rahA hai| unake prati kRtajJatA jJApita kara unakI AtmIyatA kA avamUlyana nahIM karUMgI, basa ina sabhI ke sneha sahayoga se merI saMyama yAtrA, jJAnayAtrA aura sAdhanA-yAtrA satata gatimAn rahe, yahI caahuuNgii| isI prasaMga para munipravara zrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA., manISasAgarajI ma.sA. Adi santoM evaM sAdhvI priyazraddhAMjanAzrIjI evaM priyazreSThAMjanAzrIjI kA sahayoga evaM mArgadarzana sadaiva smaraNIya rhegaa| isa kArya kA parama evaM carama zreya prajJAprojjvala bhAsvara vyaktitva ke dhanI, jaina dharmadarzana ke mUrddhanya vidvAna, Agama marmajJa, bhAratIya saMskRti ke purodhA DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ko hai, jinhoMne isa zodhaprabandha ko pa.pU. gurUvaryAzrI ke sapane ke anurUpa sAkAra karane meM pUrNarUpeNa sahayoga diyA aura viSayavastu ko adhikAdhika prAsaMgika, upAdeya banAne hetu sUkSmatA se dekhA, parakhA aura Avazyaka saMzodhanoM ke sAtha mArgadarzana pradAna kiyaa| yadyapi ve nAma-spRhA se pUrNataH virata haiM, tathApi isa kRti ke praNayana ke mUla AdhAra hone se isake sAtha unakA nAma sadA- sadA ke lie svataH jur3a gayA hai| ve mere zodha-prabandha ke dizA-nirdezaka hI nahIM haiM, varan mere AtmavizvAsa ke pratiSThAtA bhI haiN| unakA dizAnirdezana hI isa zodhakArya kA sauMdarya hai| unakA vAtsalyabhAva evaM asIma AtmIyatA mere jIvana kA gaurava hai, jo AjIvana banA rahe, yahI gurUdeva se prArthanA hai..... saMskRtabhASA evaM nyAya ke prakANDa vidvAn DaoN. balarAma gurUjI (nepAla), jinhoMne mujhe saMskRta aura nyAya kI zikSA dI aura una sabhI gurujana evaM zikSakagaNoM ko, jinhoMne mujhe jJAnArjana hetu hamezA prerita aura protsAhita kiyA, una sabake prati bhI apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatI huuN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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16 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva __(1) pa.pU. gaNAdhISa AcArya bhagavanta zrI jina kailAzasAgara sUrijI ma.sA. evaM pa.pU. upAdhyAya pravara yuvA manISI marudharamaNi gurudeva zrI maNiprabha sAgarajI ma.sA. ke AzIrvAda se yaha zodhaprabandha nirvighna sampanna huaa| pa.pU. AcArya bhagavanta vijaya zIlacandrasUrijI ma.sA. kI asIma kRpA evaM samyak mArgadarzana, jo samaya-samaya para milatA rahA hai, unake upakAroM ke prati natamastaka huuN| unakA varada hasta mujha para sadA-sadA banA rahe... / (2) jinakA upakAra avismaraNIya hai, una janmadAtrI mAtazrI kiraNabAlA evaM dharmAnurAgI pitAzrI abhayakumArajI bhANDAvata ko maiM kaise vismRta kara sakatI haiM, jinakA vAtsalyamaya anurAga mere antaraMga meM prANaUrjA banakara pravAhita hotA rahA hai| (3) sAdara kRtajJa hU~, saralahRdayI samAjaratna zrI vaMsarAjajI sA. bhaMsAlI (ahamadAbAda), dAnavIra saMghavI zrI tejarAjajI gulecchA (baiMgalora), zrI vIracandajI bhANDAvata, zrI manojajI nAreliyA (zAjApura), zrI narapatajI kAnUgo (haidarAbAda), zrI rAkezajI boharA (ujjaina), mumukSu mInA chAjer3a, sAMsArika bahanA rucikA, rekhA aura bhAI abhiSeka kA apUrva sahayoga prApta huA, ataH antarmana se ye sabhI sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| unakA apanatva AplAvita sneha sadA isa kRti ke sAtha jur3A rhegaa| (4) svAdhyAya rasika, sahaja-sarala vyaktitva ke dhanI vidvadvarya DaoN. jJAnajI jaina (cainnaI), suzrAvaka zrIyuta navInacandajI sAvanasukhA (indaura) ko bhI hArdika AbhAra jJApita karatI hU~, jinhoMne samaya kI alpatA aura atyanta vyastatA meM bhI mere nivedana ko saharSa svIkAra kara apanI painI najara se zodha-prabandha kA avalokana kara kuzala sampAdana meM jo sahayoga diyA, vaha anumodanIya hai| zruta sevA kA zreSTha kArya sadA smaraNIya rhegaa...| (5) vaise to zAjApura merA mUla vatana hai, yahA~ ke sabhI svajana-parijana mere apane haiM, phira bhI 'zAjApura zrIsaMgha ke sadasyoM kI AtmIya smRtiyA~ isa zrutasAdhanA meM sahayogI rahI haiN| (6) 'madhyapradeza kI kAzI' ke nAma se prasiddha, prAkRtika sauMdarya ke madhya sthita suramya 'prAcya vidyApITha' kA vizAla pustakAlaya evaM suvidhAeMyukta zAnta vAtAvaraNa, isa lakSya kI prApti meM sarvAdhika sahAyaka, siddha huA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva (7) isa zodha-sAmagrI ko kampyUTarAiz2Da karane meM rAjA jI' grAphiksa, zAjApura ke zrI zirISa sonI evaM prUpha-saMzodhana meM zrI caitanyakumArajI sonI zAjApura kA viziSTa sahayoga rahA hai| prAcya vidyApITha meM kAryarat vidvadvarya rAmajI evaM pravINajI zarmA kA sahayoga bhI anumodanIya rahA, etadartha unake prati bhI maiM apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatI isake atirikta pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se isa zodhaprabaMdha ke praNayana meM jo bhI sahayogI bane, una sabake prati maiM apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatI Dher - isa sampUrNa zodha-prabaMdha meM ajJAna evaM pramAdavaza truTiyA~ rahanA svAbhAvika hai, ataH prabuddha pAThaka apane sujhAva evaM maMtavya prastuta karane hetu sAdara AmaMtrita haiN| anta meM, zAstra virUddha kucha bhI likhA gayA ho, to maiM kSamAprArthI huuN| - guruhemacaraNaraja sAdhvI DaoN. pramuditAzrI -------000------- For Personal & Private Use Only

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18 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva viSaya sUcI pRSTha adhyAya - 1 23-53 1. viSaya-praveza 2. saMjJA kI paribhASA aura svarUpa / 3. saMjJA ke vibhinna prakAra- cAra, dasa evaM solaha prakAra 4. saMjJA icchA yA AkAMkSA ke rUpa meM 5. saMjJA bauddhika viveka ke rUpa meM 6. saMjJA vyavahAra ke preraka tattva ke rUpa meM 7. anya dharmadarzanoM meM saMjJA kI avadhAraNA 8. Adhunika manovijJAna meM saMjJA mUlapravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM adhyAya - 2 AhAra saMjJA 54--106 1. AhAra saMjJA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 2. AhAra saMjJA ke udbhava ke kAraNa 3. AhAra ke vibhinna prakAra 4. vibhinna jIvayoniyoM meM AhAra kA svarUpa 5. khAdya-akhAdya viveka 6. anaMtakAya evaM bhakSya-abhakSya 7. jaina darzana meM bhakSya-abhakSya viveka aura usakI prAsaMgikatA adhyAya - 3 bhaya saMjJA 107-155 1. bhaya kA svarUpa aura lakSaNa 2. bhaya ke kAraNa aura bhaya ke duSpariNAma 3. bhaya ke prakAra 4. saptavidha bhaya kI avadhAraNA aura usakA vizleSaNa / 5. Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhaya kI avadhAraNA aura usakI jaina darzana meM tulanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 6. bhayamukti yA abhaya kI sAdhanA 7. vaizvika zastroM kI daur3a kA kAraNa bhaya 8. abhaya aura vizvazAMti adhyAya - 4 maithuna saMjJA 156-232 1. kAmavAsanA kA svarUpa aura lakSaNa 2. kAmavAsanA ke prakAra 3. jainadarzana meM veda (kAmavAsanA) aura liMga (zArIrika saMracanA) kI avadhAraNA 4. jainadarzana kI maithuna saMjJA kI phrAyaDa ke libiDo se tulanA evaM samIkSA 5. kAmavAsanA ke damana evaM nirasana ke saMbaMdha meM jaina-dRSTikoNa 6. vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura kAmavAsanA 7. vAsanA-jaya kI prakriyA aura brahmacarya kI sAdhanA adhyAya - 5 parigraha saMjJA 233-285 1. parigraha kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 2. jaina-darzana meM parigraha ke prakAra . 3. parigraha yA saMcayavRtti ke duSpariNAma 4. jaina-darzana meM parigraha vRtti ke niyaMtraNa ke upAya - parigraha parimANa vrata 5. parigraha-vRtti ke vijaya ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhIjI kA TrasTIzipa kA siddhAMta 6. dhana arjana kI vRtti evaM dhanasaMcaya kI vRtti meM aMtara 7. mamatvavRtti kA tyAMga evaM samatvavRtti kA vikAsa adhyAya - 6 krodha saMjJA 286-317 1. krodha kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 2. krodha ke vibhinna rUpa For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 3. krodha ke duSpariNAma 4. krodha para vijaya ke upAya 5. Adhunika manovijJAna meM krodha-saMvega aura AkrAmakatA kI mUlavRtti adhyAya -7 mAna saMjJA (ahaMkAra saMjJA) 318-342 318-342 1. mAna kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 2. mAna ke vibhinna rUpa 3. mAna ke duSpariNAma 4. mAna para vijaya ke upAya adhyAya - 8 mAyA saMjJA 343-363 1. mAyA kA svarUpa 2. mAyA ke vibhinna rUpa 3. mAyA ke duSpariNAma 4. mAyA para vijaya kaise ? adhyAya - 9 lobha saMjJA 364-393 1. lobha kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 2. lobha ke vibhinna rUpa 3. lobha ke duSpariNAma 4. lobha para vijaya kaise ? adhyAya - 10 loka saMjJA aura ogha saMjJA 394-408 1. loka saMjJA aura ogha saMjJA kA svarUpa 2. loka saMjJA aura ogha saMjJA meM samAnatA aura bheda 3. ogha saMjJA kI upAdeyatA aura loka saMjJA kI heyatA kA prazna 4. loka saMjJA para vijaya kaise ? 5. ogha saMjJA para vijaya kaise ? . For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adhyAya 11 sukha saMjJA aura duHkha saMjJA 1. sukha aura duHkha kA artha tathA unakI sApekSatA 2. sukha vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM aura duHkha vyavahAra ke nivarttaka ke rUpa meM 3. sukhavAda kI avadhAraNA aura usakI samIkSA 4. sukha aura AnaMda kA antara adhyAya - adhyAya 1. dharma kI paribhASAe~ 2. dharma kA samyak svarUpa 3. dharma kI jIvana meM upAdeyatA 4. dharma mokSa kA sAdhana 12 dharma saMjJA - 13 (a) moha saMjJA 1. moha saMjJA kA svarUpa 2. moha ke prakAra 3. moha mokSa meM bAdhaka 4. moha para vijaya kaise ? (ba) zoka saMjJA 1. zoka saMjJA kA svarUpa 2. zoka ArttadhyAna kA hI eka rUpa hai 3. zoka ke duSpariNAma 4. zoka para vijaya kaise ? (sa) vicikitsA (jugupsA) saMjJA 1. vicikitsA (jugupsA) kA svarUpa For Personal & Private Use Only 409-432 433-467 21 468-510

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 2. jugupsA Avazyaka bhI aura anAvazyaka bhI 3. vicikitsA ke prakAra 4. vicikitsA para vijaya kaise ? adhyAya -14 511-514 jainadharma meM saMjJA kI avadhAraNA kI bauddhadharma meM caitasikoM kI avadhAraNA se tulnaa| adhyAya - 15 515-522 jainadarzana kI saMjJA kI avadhAraNA aura manovaijJAnika maikaDyUgala kI mUlavRtti kI avadhAraNA kA tulanAtmaka vivecn| adhyAya - 16 523-540 1. saMjJA aura viveka 2. saMjJA aura saMjJI meM antara 3. saMjJA vivekazIlatA ke rUpa meM 4. upasaMhAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adhyAya-1 viSaya-praveza ' saMjJA kA svarUpa evaM paribhASAe~ pAzcAtya-manovijJAna meM prANIya-vyavahAra ke preraka tattvoM ko mUla pravRttiyA~ (Instincts) mAnA gayA hai| inhIM prANIya-vyavahAra ke preraka tattvoM ko jainadarzana meM saMjJA kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana aura Adhunika manovijJAna-donoM meM ina vyavahAra ke preraka tattvoM ko janmajAta mAnA gayA hai aura isIlie inheM mUla-pravRtti kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM prANIya-vyavahAra kI preraka yA saMcAlaka ina mUlavRttiyoM ko hI saMjJA kahA jAtA hai aura mUla pravRttiyoM ke samAna hI saMjJA ko bhI janmanA mAnA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM AhArasaMjJA, bhayasaMjJA, maithunasaMjJA aura parigrahasaMjJA (saMcayavRtti) janma se hI pAyI jAtI hai| eka anya apekSA se, saMsArI-jIva ke jIvatva ko, arthAt usakI jIvana jIne kI vRtti ko jisase jAnA yA pahacAnA jAtA hai, use saMjJA kahate haiM, ataH jo vyavahAra kA preraka-tattva hai, vaha saMjJA hai| saMjJA zArIrika AvazyakatAoM evaM manobhAvoM kI vaha mAnasika-sacetanA hai, jo abhilASA yA AkAMkSA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI hai aura hamAre vyavahAra kI preraka banatI hai| saMjJAoM se bAdhita hokara hI jIva isa loka meM karma karatA hai aura karma ke pariNAmasvarUpa jIva. sAMsArika-sukha yA duHkha ko prApta hotA hai aura saMjJAoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa hI tanAvagrasta bhI banatA hai| kSudra prANI se lekara vikasita manuSya taka sabhI saMsArI-jIvoM meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna va parigraha-rUpa jo cAra prakAra kI vRttiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM, unheM hI saMjJA kahate haiN| ___ jainadarzana meM saMjJA eka pAribhASika zabda hai| 'sama' upasargapUrvaka 'jJA' dhAtu se niSpanna 'saMjJA' zabda vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI dRSTi meM kisI vastu, For Personal & Private Use Only

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24 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vyakti, sthAnAdi ke nAma kA vAcaka hotA hai| aMgrejI bhASA meM jise Noun kahA jAtA hai, use hI saMskRta aura hindI meM saMjJA kahate haiN| isakI yaha 'saMjJA' hai, arthAt isa vastu yA vyakti kA yaha 'nAma' hai| tattvArthasUtra' meM 'saMjJA' zabda kA prayoga matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI zabda ke rUpa meM huA hai| AThavIM zatI ke jaina naiyAyika akalaMka ne saMjJA zabda kA prayoga pratyabhijJAna-pramANa ke lie kiyA hai, kintu Agama meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi ke rUpa meM jina saMjJAoM kI carcA hai, vastutaH ve abhilASA-rUpa haiN| vyakti kI abhilASA ko vyakta karane ke lie saMjJA zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vedanIya tathA mohanIya-karma ke udaya se evaM jJAnAvaraNIya tathA darzanAvaraNIya-karma ke kSayopazama se AhArAdi kI prApti kI jo abhilASA, ruci yA manovRtti hai, vahI saMjJA hai| paMcasaMgraha meM kahA gayA hai -jinase saMkleSita hokara jIva isa loka meM aura jinake viSaya kA sevana karake ihaloka aura paraloka meM dAruNa duHkha ko prApta hotA hai, unako saMjJA kahate haiN| gommaTasAra ke anusAra, noindriyAvaraNa-karma ke kSayopazama se hone vAle jJAna ko saMjJA kahate haiN|' jJAnamuni ne saMjJA zabda ke do artha batalAe haiM - 1. saMjJAna (abhilASA, ruci, vRtti yA pravRtti), arthAt Ayoga (jhukAva, rujhAna) grahaNa karane kI icchA saMjJA hai| jIva jisake nimitta se bhalI-bhAMti jAnA pahacAnA jAtA hai, use saMjJA kahate haiN| vyutpattilabhya artha meM kaha sakate haiM ki 'saMjJAna saMjJA Abhoga ityarthaH yadivA saMjJAyate anayA ayaM jIvaH iti saMjJA' / jisase jIva kA samyakapeNa jJAna hotA hai, jIva ko jAnA yA pahacAnA jAtA hai, use saMjJA kahate haiN| pUrva meM jahA~ saMjJA zabda abhilASA yA vAsanA kA pratIka mAnA gayA, vahIM yahA~ saMjJA zabda jJAnArthaka mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH, jaina AgamoM meM saMjJI zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| yahA~ saMjJA zabda jJAnArthaka hotA hai, aura jahA~ AhArAdi saMjJA ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai, vahA~ use vAsanAtmaka-abhilASA ke artha meM mAnA jAtA hai| jainAgamoM meM saMjJA zabda ko vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai - matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA''bhi - nibodha ityanarthAntaram - tattvArthasUtra (1.13) paMcasaMgraha prAkRta - 1/51 tathA paMcasaMgraha saMskRta 1/344 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa -/mU./660 No iMdiyaAvaraNakhaovasamaM tajjavohaNaM saNNA / sarvArtha-siddhi, 1/13 prajJApanA sUtra 8/725 kA vivecn| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1. nAma yA pahacAna ke artha meM Noun} 2. jJAnavRtti yA viveka ke artha meM Knowledge & Reason} 3. icchA ke artha meM Desire} sarvArthasiddhi graMtha meM 'saMjJA' kA artha nAma arthAt pahacAna hai| 'saMjJA nAmetyucyate' -vyakti, vastu, sthAna evaM bhAva ko jo nAma diyA jAtA hai, arthAt jisa nAma se unheM pahacAnA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI apekSA se nAma hI saMjJA kahalAte haiN| yadyapi saMjJA (nAma) ke kAraNa hI vyakti, vastu evaM ghaTanA kI apanI pahacAna hotI hai aura usI pahacAna (saMjJA) ke kAraNa hI vaha jAnA jAtA hai, kintu prastuta zodhakArya ke prasaMga meM saMjJA zabda isa artha meM gRhIta nahIM hai| yadi saMjJA kI vyutpatti sam + jJAna se mAneM, to vaha vicAra-vimarza kI pravRtti ke rUpa meM siddha hotA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha karate hue, usameM saMjJA ko matijJAna kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| manuSya meM jJAnAvaraNIya-karma ke kSayopazama se jo jJAna evaM viveka kI zakti prakaTa hotI hai, jainadarzana meM use bhI saMjJA kahA gayA hai| isI AdhAra para, hita kI prApti aura ahita kA tyAga karane kI kSamatA jisa jIva meM hotI hai, use saMjJI kahA jAtA hai| gommaTasAra meM noindriyAvaraNa-karma arthAt manozakti ke AvaraNa karane vAle karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hue viveka-sAmarthya yA vimarza kI kSamatA ko bhI saMjJA kahA gayA hai| vimarza-zaktirUpI mana ke abhAva meM anya indriyoM ke jJAna se yukta jIva ko bhI asaMjJI kahA jAtA hai| tattvArthasUtra kI rAjavArtika nAmaka TIkA meM kahA gayA hai- "nanu ca saMjJinaH ityanenaiva gatArthatvAtsamanaskA iti vizeSaNamanarthakam / " isa sUtra meM, 'saMjJinaH' - itanA pada dene se hI kAma cala jAtA hai, ataH 'samanaskAH '- yaha vizeSaNa denA niSphala hai, kyoMki hita kI prApti aura ahita ke tyAga kI parIkSA karane meM mana kA vyApAra hotA hai, yahI saMjJA hai', yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai, saMjJA zabda ke artha meM vyabhicAra pAyA jAtA hai| saMjJA kA eka artha 'nAma' (Noun) bhI hai| yadi nAma vAle jIva saMjJI mAne jAeM, to sabhI jIvoM ko saMjJI hone kA prasaMga prApta ho jaaegaa| saMjJA kA artha yadi jJAna mAna liyA 6 No iMdiya AvaraNa rUvovasamaM tajjavohaNaM saNNA - gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA-660 1 "hitAhita prAptiparihArayoguNadoSa vicAraNAtmikA saMjJA" -rAjavArtika sU.24, pR. 136 For Personal & Private Use Only

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26 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jAtA hai, to bhI sabhI prANI jJAna-svabhAvI hone se sabako saMjJI mAnane kA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| yadi AhArAdi viSayoM kI abhilASA ko saMjJI kahA jAtA hai, to bhI pahale ke samAna doSa prApta hotA hai| cUMki yaha doSa prApta na ho, ataH sUtra meM 'samanaskA'- yaha pada rakhA hai, kintu prastuta prasaMga meM saMjJA kA yaha artha bhI sImita hai| vyApaka artha meM saMjJA saMsArI-jIvoM ke . vyavahAra kI preraka daihika yA caitasika Antarika-vRtti hai| jainAgamoM meM saMjJA kA eka artha icchA yA AkAMkSA (Desire) bhI liyA gayA hai, phira bhI icchA, AkAMkSA tathA saMjJA meM aMtara hai| saMjJA prasupta yA avacetana meM rahI huI icchA hai| AhAra Adi viSayoM kI avyakta icchA ko saMjJA kahA gayA hai| yaha prasupta cetanA vAle ekendriya Adi jIvoM meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| jainadarzana meM jIva-vRtti (Want), kSudhA (Appetite), abhilASA (Desire), vAsanA (Sex), kAmanA (Wish), AzA (Expectation). lobha (Greed), tRSNA (Impatience/Thirst), Asakti (Attachment) aura saMkalpa (Will) -ye sabhI saMjJA ke paryAyavAcI rUpa meM prayukta hue haiM, jinakA sAmAnya artha zarIra, indriyoM aura mana kI apane viSayoM kI cAha se hai| pratyeka jIvatattva, cAhe vaha ekendriya ho yA paMcendriya, usameM AhAra Adi saMjJAe~ avyakta yA vyakta rUpa meM avazya pAI jAtI haiN| ekendriya se lekara pazujagat tathA prANI meM jIvavRtti ke sAtha-sAtha kSudhA kA bhI yoga rahatA hai, lekina mAnavIya-stara para to saMjJA ke aneka rUpa upalabdha hote haiN| isa stara para avyakta AkAMkSAeM cetanA ke stara para Akara vyakta ho jAtI haiN| vastutaH, jIvavRtti se lekara saMkalpa taka ke sAre staroM meM icchA ke mUla tattva kI dRSTi se koI antara nahIM hai| cAhe vaha AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kI saMjJA hI kyoM na ho, aMtara hai, to kevala cetanA meM unake spaSTa bodha kaa| abhidhAnarAjendra koza meM bhI saMjJA ko jaina-AgamoM ke AdhAra para aneka prakAra se prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| prathamatayA, usameM saMjJA zabda ko do prakAra se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| prathama, 'saMjJAnaM saMjJA' kahakara use rAjavArttika -2/24/7/136/77 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra-darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (bhAga-1), DaoN. sAgaramala jaina,pR.460 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 27 jJAnArtha meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM saMjJA ko UhApoha yA vimarzAtmaka bhI mAnA gayA hai| dUsarI ora, use arthagrAhaka-cetanA mAnakara abhilASA, AkAMkSA, icchA Adi ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH, yadi hama dekheM, to jaina AgamoM meM 'saMjJA' zabda inhIM do arthoM meM hI pracalita rahA hai - 1. avyakta icchA aura 2. vivek-kssmtaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - __ suyaM me AusaM! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM - ihamegesiNo saNNA bhvii| yahA~ bhagavAn ne yaha batAyA hai ki saMsAra meM kucha loga aise haiM, jinheM saMjJA arthAt viveka-zakti nahIM hotI, yahA~ bhagavAn ne saMjJA (saNNA) zabda viveka aura jJAna ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA hai, kyoMki isI krama meM Age batAyA hai ki vyakti yaha nahIM jAnatA hai ki - * maiM kauna hU~ ? * pUrvAdi kisa dizA se AyA hU~ ? * yahA~ se marakara kahA~ jAUMgA ? Adi / yahA~ saMjJA zabda vastutaH jJAna yA viveka-zakti kA hI sUcaka hai| yahA~ 'ihamegesiM No saNNA bhavati' kA artha icchA yA abhilASA nahIM, kyoMki jaina-paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki pratyeka saMsArI-jIva meM AhAra Adi kI abhilASA pAI jAtI hai| abhidhAnarAjendrakoza meM bhAva saMjJA ke do rUpa batAe gae haiM - 1. anubhAvana sNjnyaa| 2. jJAnasvarUpa sNjnyaa| manovijJAna meM jise self consciousness yA self awareness kahate haiM, use hI jaina-paramparA meM saMjJA ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai, lekina saMjJA ke isa anubhavAtmaka yA jJAnAtmaka-artha ke alAvA prANIya-vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM usakA abhilASA, icchA, 10 AcArAMgasUtra -1/1/1/1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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28 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AkAMkSA Adi ke rUpa meM bhI artha dekhA jAtA hai| jahA~ saMjJA ke solaha bheda kie gae haiM, vahA~ AhArAdi kI cAra saMjJAe~, kaSAyAdi cAra saMjJAe~, sukha, duHkha, moha aura vicikitsA-rUpa cAra saMjJAe~ tathA loka, zoka-rUpa do saMjJAe~-ye caudaha saMjJAe~ abhilASA, AkAMkSA yA apekSArUpa haiM, jabaki ogha aura dharma -ye do saMjJAe~ aisI haiM, jo vivekArthaka yA jJAnArthaka haiN| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jaina-paramparA meM saMjJA zabda ina, donoM arthoM meM prayukta hotA rahA hai| kahIM use jJAnArthaka mAnA hai aura kahIM use icchA, abhilASA, AkAMkSA-rUpa mAnA hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA, jaba saMjJA zabda saMjJI arthAt jIva kI vizeSatA ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai, to vaha sAmAnyatayA jJAnArthaka yA vivekazIlatA kA vAcaka hotA hai, kintu jaba hama saMjJA zabda kA prayoga AhAra, bhaya Adi saMjJA ke rUpa meM karate haiM, to vaha vAsanA, AkAMkSA yA abhilASA kA vAcaka hotA hai| kucha AcAryoM ne ise hI Abhoga' bhI kahA hai, jo bhogAkAMkSA-rUpa hai| , sabhI prANiyoM ke vyavahAra ke preraka-tattva meM kahIM-kahIM AkAMkSA pAyI jAtI hai evaM AkAMkSA ke udbhava kA mUla kAraNa saMjJA hai| vartamAna yuga meM sAmAnya manovijJAna, zikSA manovijJAna, bAla-manovijJAna, kAma-manovijJAna Adi meM prANiyoM kI ina mUlavRttiyoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| jainadarzana kI ye saMjJAeM vastutaH Adhunika manovijJAna kI mUla-vRttiyoM se bahuta kucha samAnatA rakhatI haiM, jo prANI kI Antarika-manovRtti aura bAhya-pravRtti- donoM ko sUcita karatI haiM, jisase prANI kI jIvana-zailI kA bhI bhalIbhAMti adhyayana ho sakatA hai| ina saMjJAoM ke adhyayana dvArA manuSya yA kisI bhI prANI kI pravRttiyoM ke preraka-tattva kA patA lagAkara, usake jIvana meM sudhAra yA parivartana lAyA jA sakatA hai| isI dRSTi se saMjJAoM ke adhyayana kA jIvana meM bahuta mahattva hai| svayaM kI vRttiyoM ko TaTolakara aura AvazyakatAnusAra usameM saMzodhana-parivarddhana karake hama Atma-cikitsA arthAt Atma-zodhana kara sakate haiN| atIta kAla se Aja taka pratyeka prANI pratikUla pariveza kA tyAga kara anukUla pariveza ke sAtha samAyojana karatA hai aura isa prakAra anukUla pariveza meM jInA cAhatA hai, kintu yahA~ prazna hai - 1. vaha aisA kyoM karatA hai ? 2. kisa prakAra karatA hai ? / 'Abhoge, saMjJAyate'nayeti vA sNjnyaaN| - abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga-7, pR. 300 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 29 3. kaba taka karatA hai ? uparyukta sabhI prazna hameM eka bAra yaha socane ko vivaza karate haiM ki inake pIche kauna-sA tattva hai| vastutaH, unake mUla meM jo tattva hai, vahI 'saMjJA' hai aura pAzcAtya-manovijJAna use hI mUla-pravRtti kahatA hai| manuSya eka vicArazIla prANI hai, isalie cintana aura manana karanA usakA svabhAva hai| cintana-manana kI yogyatA se hI AcaraNa meM vivekazIlatA prakaTa hotI hai| vivekapUrNa AcaraNa meM hI mAnava-jIvana kI mahattA hai| yoM to AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi sAmAnya pravRttiyA~ manuSya aura pazu sabameM hotI haiM, kintu apanI viveka-zakti ke kAraNa hI manuSya ucita yA anucita kA bheda kara sakatA hai| jJAna nyUnAdhika rUpa meM ekendriya jIvoM se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM hotA hai, phira bhI saMjJI-prANiyoM meM viveka-zakti spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| isa prakAra, AhAra Adi kI mUla-pravRttiyoM ke sAtha manuSya meM vivekazIlatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana saMjJA meM viveka aura vAsanA -donoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| prANI-jagat meM Asakti yA AkAMkSA kA mUla kAraNa parigraha-saMjJA hai| parigraha-saMjJA ke kAraNa hI jIva sukha kI prApti kA aura duHkha kI nivRtti kA prayatna karate haiN| 'sukha kI prApti kI cAha hI prANI-vyavahAra kI preraka hai| cIMTI rahane ke lie miTTI kA TIlA banAtI hai, to cUhe, sA~pa, chaDUMdara Adi bila banAte haiM, jaMgalI pazu guphAoM aura kaMdarAoM meM apane rahane ke lie jagaha khojate haiM aura manuSya apane lie makAna evaM baMgaloM kA nirmANa karate haiN| aisA kyoM ? kyoMki prANImAtra kI yaha icchA hotI hai ki vaha pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI sukhapUrvaka rhe| ve ghara isalie bhI banAte haiM ki zIta, uSNa evaM varSAkAla meM ve surakSita raha sakeM, yA phira koI balavAna prANI una para AkramaNa kare, to ve apane ko. surakSita rakha skeN| isa bhaya ke kAraNa bhI ve apane lie anukUla jagaha kI khoja karate haiN| AhAra Adi cAra saMjJAe~ vyakta yA dRzya haiM, parantu unakA mUla to vyakti kI cetanA meM hotA hai, jise avacetana yA acetana mana kahA jAtA hai| vahI vyakti kI jIvana-zailI ko satata dizA detA rahatA hai| krodhAdi kaSAyoM evaM nokaSAyoM se sambandhita jo mAnasika-saMjJAe~ haiM, ve hI karmoM ke baMdha kA mUla kAraNa haiN| prANI viSaya-kaSAyoM meM par3akara bhavabhramaNa ko bar3hAtA hai evaM - 'AhAra nidrA bhaya maithanaM ca sAmAnyametada pazubhiH nraannaam| jJAno hi teSAmadhiko vizeSo jJAnenahInA nara pazubhiH smaanaa|| - dharma kA marma, pR. 38 For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva lakSya se bhaTaka jAtA hai| yahA~ taka ki jaba jIva kAma, vAsanA, krodha, lobha Adi saMjJAoM ke vazIbhUta ho jAtA hai, to vaha pazutulya vyavahAra karatA hai| use hita-ahita kA bhAna hI nahIM rhtaa| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki prANIya- vyavahAra kI preraka hone se saMjJAoM kA hamAre jIvana meM bahuta adhika mahattva hai| saMjJA cAhe vivekAtmaka ho yA vAsanAtmaka, unakA hamAre vyavahAra para bahuta adhika prabhAva hotA hai, kyoMki ve prANIya-vyavahAra kI preraka haiN| saMjJAoM ke vibhinna prakAra- cAra, dasa evaM solaha jahA~ taka jaina-AgamoM kA prazna hai, unameM saMjJAoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| saMjJA zabda ke vibhinna arthoM ko lekara unakA vargIkaraNa bhI bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM huA hai| saMjJA kA eka artha Abhoga hai, vaha bhogAkAMkSA-rUpa hai| yaha saMjJA kA vAsanAtmaka pakSa hai| jisakA anubhava kiyA jAe, vaha jJAnarUpa saMjJA hai| isa AdhAra para jainakarma-siddhAnta ke anusAra saMjJA do prakAra kI hai 1. karmoM ke kSayopazamajanya aura 2. karmoM ke udayajanya punaH, kSayopazamajanya saMjJAoM ke bhI aneka bheda haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya-karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hone vAlI matijJAna ke bheda-rUpI saMjJA kSayopazamajanya-saMjJA hai, use jJAna-saMjJA bhI kahate haiN| isake tIna prakAra haiM - 2. hetuvAdopadezikI-saMjJA 1. dIrghakAlopadezikI-saMjJA 3. dRSTivAdopadezikI-saMjJA 13 1) nandIsUtra - 61 2) sannAU tinni paDhame'ttha dIhakAlopaesiyA nAma taha heuvAyadiTTivAuvaesA tadiyarAo - pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 118, saMjJAdvAra 144 3) daNDaka prakaraNa, gAthA 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dIrghakAlopadezikI saMjJA - __ atIta, anAgata evaM vartamAna kI sambhAvanAoM yA kisI karma ke prerakoM evaM pariNAmoM kA jJAna dIrghakAlopadezikI-saMjJA hai, jaise- maiM yaha karatA hU~, maiMne yaha kiyA, maiM yaha karUMgA ityaadi| vyavahAra yA karma ke atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya kA jJAna rakhane vAlA vyakti dIrghakAlopadeza-saMjJI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, yaha saMjJA mana-paryApti se yukta garbhaja tiryaMca, garbhaja manuSyoM, devoM aura nArakoM ke hI hotI hai, kyoMki traikAlika-cintana unhIM ko hotA hai| isa saMjJA vAle prANI kA bodha evaM vyavahAra spaSTa hotA hai| hetuvAdopadezikI-saMjJA - jisa saMjJA meM kAraNa ko dekhakara kisI kArya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, yA jisa saMjJA dvArA prANI apane deha kI rakSA hetu iSTa meM pravRtti aura aniSTa me nivRtti karatA hai, vaha hetuvAdopadezikI-saMjJA hai, jaise- garmI ho, to chAyA meM jAnA, sardI ho, to dhUpa meM jAnA, bhUkha lagane para AhArAdi ke lie pravRtti karanA aadi| yaha saMjJA prAyaH vartamAnakAlIna evaM vyavahAra kI pravRtti yA nivRtti-viSayaka hai| dvIndriya Adi jIvoM ko atIta-anAgata kI cetanA hotI hai, phira bhI unakA vartamAna vyavahAra ke atIta evaM anAgata-kAla kA cintana ati alpa hotA hai, ataH ve asaMjJI haiN| isI prakAra, vyavahAra meM pravRtti-nivRtti se rahita ekendriya jIva bhI asaMjJI hI haiN| yadyapi pRthvI Adi meM bhI AhArAdi dasa saMjJAoM kI vidyamAnatA prajJApanAsUtra meM batAI gaI hai, para ve saMjJI nahIM kahalAte haiM, kAraNa, unameM ye saMjJAeM ati avyakta rUpa se haiN| jaise alpadhana hone se koI dhanavAn nahIM kahalAtA, yA AkAra-mAtra se koI rUpavAn nahI kahalAtA, vaise hI AhArAdi saMjJA hone se koI saMjJI nahIM khlaataa| vaha vimarzAtmaka-cintana se hI saMjJI kahalAtA hai, kyoMki saMjJItva vivekazIlatA kA sUcaka hai, jabaki AhArAdi meM pravRtti honA- yaha saMjJA kA vAsanAtmaka pakSa hai| 14 eyaM karemi eyaM kayaM mae imamahaM karissAmi so dIhakAlasannI jo iya tikkAlasannadharo - pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 119, saMjJAdvAra 144 pravacanasAroddhAra, gA. 920, saMjJAdvAra 144 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dRSTivAdopadezikI-saMjJA'' - jisameM samyaktva-viSayaka prarUpaNA ho, athavA Atma ke hita-ahita ko dRSTigata rakhate hue samyaka nirNaya karane kI kSamatA ho, vaha dRSTivAdopadezikI-saMjJA kahalAtI hai| isa saMjJA kI apekSA se hI kSAyopazamika-jJAna yA viveka se yukta samyagdRSTi jIva saMjJI kahe jAte haiN| mithyAdRSTi samyaka jJAna se rahita hote haiM, phira bhI vyavahAra kI apekSA se samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi ke bAhya-vyavahAra meM koI vizeSa antaraM nahIM hotA, kyoMki vAsanA se-cAlita vyavahAra aviratasamyagdRSTi meM bhI hotA hai| mithyAdRSTi bhI samyagdRSTi kI taraha ghaTa ko ghaTa hI kahatA hai| isa kAraNa, donoM saMjJI kahe jAte haiM, tathApi tIrthaMkara paramAtmA dvArA prArUpita vastu-svarUpa kI yathArtha zraddhA na hone se mithyAdRSTi kA yaha vyAvahArika-satyajJAna bhI ajJAnarUpa hI mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki vastutaH, atIta vastu kA smaraNa aura anAgata kI cintA karanA saMjJA hai| kevalajJAnI ke jJAna meM traikAlika sabhI vastueM sadAkAla pratibhAsita hone se unheM smaraNa, cintana karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hotI hai| ataH, saMjJA ke isa artha kI apekSA se kSAyopazamika-jJAnI hI saMjJI haiN| udayajanya-saMjJA - karmoM ke udaya ke kAraNa jo jIva AhArAdi saMjJAoM meM lipta rahatA hai, vaha karmodayajanya-saMjJA kahalAtI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaha sakate haiM ki jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya aura mohanIya Adi karmoM ke udaya, kSaya athavA kSayopazama se prakaTa hone vAlI vRttiyA~ evaM unakI antazcetanA hI saMjJA kahalAtI hai| jainAgamoM meM karmodayajanya/anubhava-saMjJA kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se milatA hai, jinameM cAra vargIkaraNa pramukha haiM - 1. cAra prakAra kI saMjJA, 2. chaha prakAra kI saMjJA 3. dasa prakAra kI saMjJA, 4. solaha prakAra kI saMjJA 16 vahI, gAthA 921 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, Avazyaka, Avazyaka -niryukti, dhavalA, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta evaM saMskRta), niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti, tattvArthasAra Adi granthoM meM saMjJA ke cAra bheda batAe haiM 1. AhArasaMjJA, 2. bhayasaMjJA, 3. 1- cAra prakAra kI saMjJA maithunasaMjJA aura 4. parigrahasaMjJA / 7 2- chaha prakAra kI saMjJA 1. AhArasaMjJA, 2. bhayasaMjJA, 3. maithunasaMjJA, 4. parigraha saMjJA, 5. lokasaMjJA, 6. oghasaMjJA / yaha carcA muni manitasAgarajI ne apane grantha meM kI hai / 3 - dasa prakAra kI saMjJA - 1. AhArasaMjJA, 2. bhayasaMjJA, 3. maithunasaMjJA, 4. parigrahasaMjJA, 5. lokasaMjJA, 6. oghasaMjJA, 7. krodhasaMjJA, 8. mAnasaMjJA, 9. mAyAsaMjJA, 10. lobhasaMjJA / 18 4- solaha prakAra kI saMjJA 1. AhArasaMjJA, 2. bhayasaMjJA, 3. maithunasaMjJA, 4. parigrahasaMjJA, 5. lokasaMjJA, 6. oghasaMjJA, 7. krodhasaMjJA, 8. mAnasaMjJA, 9. mAyAsaMjJA, 10. lobhasaMjJA, 11. mohasaMjJA, 12. sukhasaMjJA, 13. duHkhasaMjJA, 14. vicikitsA, 15. zokasaMjJA, 16. dharmasaMjJA / 19 uparyukta vargIkaraNa ke alAvA dhavalA meM eka kSINasaMjJA " bhI kahI gaI hai| AhArAdi cAroM saMjJAoM ke abhAva ko kSINasaMjJA kahate haiM / yahA~ saMjJA unake abhAva yA anAvazyakatA kI antazcetanA hai / . -- AcArAMga niyukti meM mUlataH saMjJA ke dravya aura bhAva - rUpa do bheda kie gae haiN| 21 sacit, acit aura mizra ke bheda se dravyasaMjJA ke tIna 17 18 33 (a) saNNA cauvvihAAhAra-bhaya- mehuNapariggahasaNNA cedi / dhavalA - 2 / 1.1/413/2 samavAyAMga 4/4 (sa) AhAra bhaya pariggaha mehuNa ruvAo huMti cattAri sattANaM sannAoM AsaMsAra samaggANaM / / - pravacanasAroddhAra, 923, saMjJAdvAra 144 1) sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/105 2) prajJApanA pada, 8 3) pravacana sAroddhAra, gAthA 924, saMjJAdvAra 144 19 abhidhAna rAjendra khaNDa-7, pR. 301, AcArAMganiryukti-39 20 "khINa saNNA vi atthi" dhavalA pR. 419/1 21 AcArAMganiryukti, gAthA - 38, 39 rAjendraabhidhAna koza bhAga-7, pR. 301 For Personal & Private Use Only

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34 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva prakAra haiN| jJAna aura anubhava ke bheda se bhAvasaMjJA ke do prakAra haiN| jJAnasaMjJA ke mati, zruta Adi pAMca bheda haiN| anubhavasaMjJA ke solaha bheda batalAe haiN| yahA~, dravyasaMjJA meM yoga ke kAraNa karmavargaNA ke pudagala, jo vyakti vizeSa se baMdha jAte haiM, ve sacit aura mizra-donoM ho sakate haiN| unake pariNAmasvarUpa jo bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai, vaha dravyasaMjJA hai| jo karma se nahIM baMdhate, ve acit haiN| saMjJA jJAnarUpa kSayopazamajanya (jJAna-saMjJA) udayajanya (anubhava-saMjJA) hetuvAdopadezikI-saMjJA dRSTivAdopadezikI-saMjJA dIrghakAlopadezikI-saMjJA 4 prakAra kI saMjJA 6 prakAra kI saMjJA 10 prakAra kI saMjJA 16 prakAra kI saMjJA 1. AhArasaMjJA 1. AhArasaMjJA 1. AhArasaMjJA 1. AhArasaMjJA 2. bhayasaMjJA 2. bhayasaMjJA 2. bhayasaMjJA 2. bhayasaMjJA 3. maithunasaMjJA 3. maithunasaMjJA 3. maithunasaMjJA 3. maithunasaMjJA 4. parigrahasaMjJA 4. parigrahasaMjJA 4. parigrahasaMjJA 4. parigrahasaMjJA 5. oghasaMjJA 5. oghasaMjJA 5. oghasaMjJA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 35 6. lokasaMjJA 6. lokasaMjJA 6. lokasaMjJA 7. krodhasaMjJA 7. krodhasaMjJA 8. mAnasaMjJA 8. mAnasaMjJA 9. mAyAsaMjJA 9. mAyAsaMjJA 10.lobhasaMjJA 10.lobhasaMjJA 11.mohasaMjJA 12.dharmasaMjJA 13.sukhasaMjJA 14.duHkhasaMjJA 15.jugupsAsaMjJA 16.zokasaMjJA For Personal & Private Use Only

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36 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AcArAMganiyukti dravya bhAva sacit acit mizra jJAnasaMjJA anubhavasaMjJA mati zruta avadhi manaHparyava kevalajJAna) 1. AhArasaMjJA 2. bhaya saMjJA 3. maithunasaMjJA 4. parigrahasaMjJA 5. oghasaMjJA lokasaMjJA 7. krodhasaMjJA 8. mAnasaMjJA 9. mAyAsaMjJA 10. lobhasaMjJA 11. mohasaMjJA 12. dharmasaMjJA 13. sukhasaMjJA 14. duHkhasaMjJA 15. jugupsAsaMjJA 16. zokasaMjJA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1. AhAra-saMjJA - (Food Seeking instinct) - jIva meM utpanna AhAra kI abhilASA ko AhArasaMjJA kahate haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra, antaraMga meM asAtAvedanIya-karma yA kSudhAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se tathA bahiraMga meM AhAra ko dekhane se, usa ora upayoga jAne se aura peTa khAlI hone se jIva ko jo AhAra karane kI icchA hotI hai, use AhArasaMjJA kahate haiN| digambara- paramparA ke anusAra, yaha saMjJA pahale se chaThaveM guNasthAna taka rahatI hai, jabaki zvetAmbara-paramparA meM prathama guNasthAna se lekara terahaveM guNasthAna taka isakI sattA mAnI gaI hai| 2. bhaya-saMjJA - (Instinct of fear) zakti kI hInatA se, bhayamohanIya karma (nokaSAyamohanIya) ke udaya se, bhaya kI bAta sunane Adi se aura bhaya ke viSaya meM soca-vicArarUpa upayoga se bhaya-saMjJA utpanna hotI hai| sAta prakAra ke bhayoM ke bhAva ko bhayasaMjJA kahate haiN| ye sAta bhaya haiM - 1. ihaloka-bhaya, 2. paraloka-bhaya, 3. AjIvikA bhaya, 4. akasmAt-bhaya, 5. apayaza-bhaya, 6. maraNa-bhaya, 7. aadaan-bhy| yaha saMjJA AThaveM guNasthAnaka taka hotI hai| manuSyoM meM bhayasaMjJA sabase kama tathA nArakiyoM meM sabase adhika hotI hai, kyoMki unameM mRtyuparyaMta lagAtAra bhaya banA rahatA hai| 3. maithuna-saMjJA - (Instinct of sex or sex drive) - antaraMga meM vedamohanIya (nokaSAya) ke udaya se tathA bahiraMga meM kAmottejaka kathA sunane se, gariSTha rasayukta bhojana karane se, maithuna kI ora upayoga jAne se tathA kuzIla manuSyoM kI saMgati karane se jo maithuna kI icchA hotI hai, use maithunasaMjJA kahate haiN| yaha saMjJA nauveM guNasthAna ke pUrvArddha taka hotI hai| nArakiyoM meM sabase kama maithunasaMjJA hotI hai| manuSyoM AhAradasaNeNa ya tassuvajogeNa omakoThAe sAdidarUdIraNAe havadi hu AhAra saNNA hu| - gommaTasAra jIvakANDa-134 cauhi ThANehiM bhayasaNNA samuppajjati, taM jahA hiinnstttaae| bhayaveNijjassa kammarasa udaeNaM, matIe? tadaTThoogeNaM / / - sthAnAMgasUtra - 4/580 / / prajJApanAsUtra - 8/725 kA vivecn| tattvArthasAra - 3/36 kA bhASArtha, pR. 46 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva meM yaha saMjJA sabase adhika hotI hai, kyoMki unameM isakA sadbhAva bahuta lambe samaya taka banA rahatA hai| 4. parigraha-saMjJA - (Instinct of appropriation) - parigraha kA tyAga na hone se, lobha kaSAya-mohanIya kA udaya hone se, parigraha ko dekhane se utpanna hone vAlI buddhi se tathA parigraha ke viSaya meM vicAra karate rahane se parigrahasaMjJA hotI hai| yaha saMjJA dasaveM guNasthAna taka hotI hai| tiryaMcoM meM parigrahasaMjJA sabase kama tathA devoM meM sabase adhika pAyI jAtI hai, kyoMki svarNa aura ratnoM meM unakI Asakti banI rahatI hai|28 5. ogha-saMjJA - (Instinct of Ogha) - parvajanmoM ke saMskAra Adi se jIvoM meM jo bhAva prakaTa hote haiM, use ogha saMjJA kahate haiM, jaise- bAlaka kI janma se hI stanapAna karane kI jo pravRtti hotI hai, vaha sikhAI nahIM jAtI, vaha pUrva saMskAroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa svataH prakaTa hotI hai| binA upayoga ke kArya karane kI pravRtti ko ogha saMjJA kahate haiM, jaise baiThe-baiThe pAMva hilAnA, hoMTha cabAnA, niSprayojana vRkSa para car3ha jAnA, kaMkara pheMkanA, gunagunAnA ityaadi| matijJAnAvaraNIya-karma ke kSayopazama ke phalasvarUpa saMsAra ke rucikara padArthoM ko athavA loka-pracalita zabdoM ke artha ko jAnane kI abhilASA ko ogha saMjJA kahate haiN| bhUkampa Adi ApadAoM ke Ane ke pUrva hI oghasaMjJA se aneka pazu-pakSI surakSita sthAnoM ko cale jAte haiN| 6. loka-saMjJA - (Instinct of Universe) - heya hone para bhI laukika-rUr3hi, aMdhavizvAsa Adi kA anusaraNa karane kI balavatI vRtti lokasaMjJA kahalAtI hai| matijJAnAvaraNIya-karma ke kSayopazama se saMsAra ke rucikara aura sundara padArthoM ko yA loka-pracalita zabdoM ke arthoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane kI tIvra abhilASA lokasaMjJA hai| 26 prajJApanAsUtra - 8/5/9 27 cauhi ThANehi pariggahasaNNA samuppajjati, taM jahA avimuttiyAe lobhaveyANi jjassa kammassa udaeNaM matIe tdtttthovaogennN|| - ThANaM-4/582 prajJApanAsUtra - 8/8, 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 39 AcArAMganiyukti-TIkA meM lokasaMjJA kA kAraNa mohanIyakarma kA udaya aura jJAnAvaraNIya-karma kA kSayopazama batAyA gayA hai| 7. krodha-saMjJA - (Instinct of Anger) - jIva kI jIva evaM ajIva ke prati AvezarUpa manaHsthiti ko . krodhasaMjJA kahate haiN| krodha mohanIya karma ke udaya se prANI ke mukha aura zarIra meM vikRti honA, netra lAla honA tathA oMTha phar3akanA Adi krodhavRtti ke anurUpa ceSTA karanA krodhasaMjJA hai| yogazAstra meM AcArya hemacandrasUrijI ne krodhasaMjJA ke svarUpa ko varNita kiyA hai| krodha zarIra aura mana ko saMtApa detA hai, krodha baira kA kAraNa hai, krodha durgati kI pagaDaNDI evaM mokSa-sukha meM argalA ke samAna hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne kAma, krodha tathA lobha ko AtmA ke mUla svabhAva kA nAza karane vAlA naraka kA dvAra batAyA hai|" 8. mAna-saMjJA - (Instinct of Pride) - ___ mAna mohanIya-karma ke udaya se ahaMkAra, darpa, garva Adi ke rUpa meM jIva kI pariNati ko mAnasaMjJA kahate haiN| mAna eka aisA manovikAra hai, jo svayaM ko ucca evaM dUsaroM ko nimna samajhane se utpanna hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga2 meM kahA gayA hai - "abhimAnI ahaM meM cUra hokara dUsaroM ko parachAI ke samAna tuccha mAnatA hai|" ataH, jIvAtmA meM (sva AtmA) jIva (parijana), athavA ajIva (dhana-sampatti) Adi ke kAraNa ahaMkArapUrNa manaHsthiti ko mAnasaMjJA kahate haiN| 9. mAyA-saMjJA - (Instinct of Deceit) - jIva kI kapaTa. yA DhoMgapUrNa manaHsthiti ko mAyAsaMjJA kahate haiN| dharmAmRta (anagAra) meM mAyAsaMjJA se yukta vyakti kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| 29 yogazAstra, prakAza 4, gAthA 9 30 gatA, adhyAya 16, zloka 21 mAyAvedanIye nAzubhasaMklezAnRta saMbhASaNA dikriyA maayaasNjnyaa| - abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga-7, pR. 304 aNNa jaNaM passati biMbabhUyaM - sU.kR., a 13, gAthA 8 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jo mana meM hotA hai, vaha kahatA nahIM hai; jo kahatA hai, vaha karatA nahIM haivaha mAyAvI hotA hai| 3 mAyA mohanIya-karma ke udaya se azubha-adhyavasAyapUrvaka mithyAbhASaNa Adi-rUpa kuTila vAk-vyApAra kI pravRtti ko mAyAsaMjJA kahate haiN| 10. lobha-saMjJA - (Instinct of Greed) - lobha mohanIya-karma ke udaya se sacita acita padArthoM ko prApta karane kI lAlasA lobhasaMjJA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM lobha ko AmiSAvartta kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mAMsa ke lie giddha Adi pakSI cakkara kATate haiM, usI prakAra lobhI manuSya iSTa padArthoM kI prApti ke lie udyamazIla rahatA hai| prazamarati meM lobha ko saba vinAzoM kA AdhAra, saba vyasanoM kA rAjamArga batAyA hai| 11. moha-saMjJA - (Instinct of Delusion) - ____ mohanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAlI mithyAdarzanarUpa viparIta-vRtti moha-saMjJA kahalAtI hai, athavA jIva kI vyakti, vastu Adi ke prati mUrchA, Asakti-rUpa manaHsthiti ko moha-saMjJA kahate haiN| 12. dharma-saMjJA - (Instinct of Religion) mohanIya-karma ke kSayopazama se kSamA Adi dharmoM ke sevanarUpa vRtti dharmasaMjJA hai| jIvAtmA kI svAbhAvika karuNA, maitrI Adi kI manaHsthiti ko dharmasaMjJA kahate haiN| 13. sukha-saMjJA - (Instinct of Pleasure) - sAtAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se hone vAle sukharUpa anubhava ko sukhasaMjJA kahate haiN| jIva kI anukUlatA meM sukhAnubhUti-rUpa manaHsthiti ko sukhasaMjJA kahate haiN| 33 ye vAcA svamapi svAntaM - dharmA, a.6, gAthA 19 AmisAvatasamANe lobhe- ThANaM/sthAna 4, u. 4, sUtra 653 sarva vinAzAzrayiNa- pra.ra., gAthA 29 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 14. duHkha-saMjJA - (Instinct of Pain) - asAtAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se jo duHkharUpa anubhava hotA hai, use duHkhasaMjJA kahate haiN| jIva kI pratikUlatA meM duHkhAnubhUti-rUpa manaHsthiti ko duHkhasaMjJA kahate haiN| 15. vicikitsA-saMjJA - (Instinct of Suspence/disgust) - jJAnAvaraNIya mohanIya-karma ke udaya se hone vAlI cittaviluptirUpa sthiti vicikitsA-saMjJA hai| jIva kA prakRti, puruSa, padArtha Adi ke prati ghRNA yA aruci kA bhAva vicikitsA (jugupsA) saMjJA hai| 16. zoka-saMjJA - (Instinct of Sorrow) - ___ mohanIya-karma ke udaya se hone vAlI vipralApa aura vaimanasya-rUpa sthiti athavA iSTa ke viyoga meM, aniSTa vastu ke saMyoga meM kheda yA cintA kI sthiti ko zokasaMjJA kahate haiN| kaunasI saMjJA kA udaya kisa karma ke udaya athavA kSayopazama se hotA hai - AhArasaMjJA - azAtAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se| bhayasaMjJA - bhayamohanIya yA nokaSAyamohanIya-karma ke udaya se| maithunasaMjJA - vedamohanIya-karma ke udaya se| parigrahasaMjJA - lobhamohanIya-karma ke udaya se| oghasaMjJA - matijJAnAvaraNIya evaM darzanAvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se| lokasaMjJA - ' matijJAnAvaraNIya evaM darzanAvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se| krodhasaMjJA - krodhakaSAya-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se| mAnasaMjJA - mAnakaSAya-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se| mAyAsaMjJA - mAyAkaSAya-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se| lobhasaMjJA - lobhakaSAya-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se| 36 daNDaka-prakaraNa, muni manitasAgarajI, pR. 94 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva mohasaMjJA - mohanIyakarma ke udaya se| dharmasaMjJA - mohanIyakarma ke kSayopazama se| sukhasaMjJA - rati nAmaka nokaSAya-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se| duHkhasaMjJA - arati nAmaka nokaSAya-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se| vicikitsA/ jugupsA-saMjJA - jugupsA nokaSAya-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se| zokasaMjJA - zoka nAmaka nokaSAya--mohanIyakarma ke udaya se| . . __uparyukta saMjJAe~ sthAvara-ekendriya (pRthvI, jala, tejas, vAyu aura vanaspati) jIvoM se lekara vaimAnika devoM taka ke sabhI jIvoM meM hInAdhika-rUpa se prApta hotI haiM, ataH cAra saMjJAoM meM hI dharma ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI saMjJAeM samAhita ho jAtI haiM, isalie AgamoM meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha -ina cAroM kA hI vizeSa vivecana zAstrakAroM ne kiyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki saMsArI sabhI jIvoM meM samasta saMjJAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN| dharmasaMjJA cAroM gatiyoM meM sambhava to hotI hai, kintu sabhI meM nahIM pAI jAtI hai, tathApi unameM vizeSa antara hotA hai , 1. devoM meM parigrahasaMjJA evaM lobhasaMjJA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| 2. manuSyoM meM maithunasaMjJA evaM mAnasaMjJA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| 3. tiryaMcoM meM AhArasaMjJA evaM parigrahasaMjJA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| 4. nArakI meM bhayasaMjJA tathA krodhasaMjJA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| cAra gatiyoM meM saMjJA - 1. manuSya-gati meM cAroM saMjJAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM. kyoMki saMjJI-manuSyoM meM dRSTivAdopadezikI evaM dIrghakAlikI-saMjJA pAyI jAtI hai evaM asaMjJI-manuSyoM meM hetuvAdopadezikI-saMjJA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| 2. tiryaMca-gati meM dIrghakAlikI tathA hetuvAdopadezikI-saMjJA pAyI jAtI hai| 3. deva tathA naraka-gati meM dIrghakAlikI-saMjJA pAyI jAtI hai| 7 savvesiM cau daha vA, sannA save ................ / daNDaka-prakaraNa, gAthA 12 maNaANa dIhakAliya, didvivAovaesiA kebi ............ / daNDaka-prakaraNa, gAthA 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana meM pRthvIkAya, apkAya, teukAya, vAyukAya aura vanaspatikAya - ina pA~ca kAyoM meM dIrghakAlopadezikI Adi saMjJA nahIM pAyI jAtI hai, kintu unameM AhArAdi cAroM saMjJAe~ hotI haiM / sakaSAyI jIvoM meM sabhI saMjJAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM, kintu pUrNa vItarAga - avasthA prApta hone para saMjJAe~ nahIM rahatI haiN| devatAoM meM sabase kama AhArasaMjJA, sabase adhika parigrahasaMjJA hotI hai, tiryaMcoM meM sabase kama parigrahasaMjJA aura sabase adhika AhArasaMjJA pAyI jAtI hai| nArakiyoM meM sabase kama maithunasaMjJA tathA sabase adhika bhayasaMjJA hotI hai, kyoMki ve nirantara bhayagrasta rahate haiN| 39 saMjJAoM kI utpatti ke vibhinna kAraNa dRSTigocara hote haiN| saMjJAe~ vedanIya athavA mohanIya karma ke udaya se utpanna hotI haiM tathA AhAra Adi kA satata cintana karate rahane se bhI utpanna hotI haiM / sattvahInatA se bhayasaMjJA, gariSTha rasayukta tAmasika bhojana grahaNa karane se maithunasaMjJA aura Asakti aura mamatvabuddhi rakhane se parigrahasaMjJA kI utpatti kA kAraNa banatA hai| uparyukta saMjJAoM kA samIcIna rUpa se adhyayana kara manuSyoM ke vyavahAra, manovRtti, AcAra Adi kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai| saMjJA icchA yA AkAMkSA ke rUpa meM 39 43 jahA~-jahA~ jIvana hai, cetanA hai, vahA~-vahA~ icchA evaM AkAMkSA hai / caitasika jIvana kA mUla svabhAva yaha hai ki vaha bAhya evaM Antarika-uttejanAoM evaM saMvedanAoM se utpanna viSama paristhitiyoM meM bhI sAmaMjasya banAe rakhane kI koziza karatA hai| manuSya hI nahIM, tiryaMcoM meM bhI choTe se choTe jIva bhI jIvana kI surakSA ke lie sthAna, bhojana Adi Avazyaka vastuoM kI vyavasthA meM lage rahate haiM / usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unake mana meM bhI jIvana jIne kI icchA yA AkAMkSA rahatI hai / jIvana jIne ke lie paristhitiyoM se anukUla banAe rakhanA Avazyaka hai / phrAyaDa likhate haiM - 'caitasika jIvana aura sambhavatayA snAyavika jIvana kI pramukha pravRtti hai- Antarika - uddIpakoM ke tanAva ko samApta karanA evaM sAmyAvasthA ko prajJApanAsUtra 8/8/9 ( saNNApadaM) - For Personal & Private Use Only

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44 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva banAe rakhane ke lie sadaiva prayAsazIla rhnaa| 40 aisA vaha kyoM karatA hai ? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki prANIya-vyavahAra ke preraka-tattva mUla pravRttiyoM (Instincts) ko mAnA gayA hai| inhIM prANIya-vyavahAra ke preraka-tattvoM ko jainadarzana meM saMjJA kahA gayA hai| saMjJAe~ janmajAta mAnI gaI haiM, isa kAraNa jIva kI pravRtti hI aisI hotI hai ki vaha pratikUla se anukUla paristhitiyoM meM apane ko le. jAtA hai| yoM to AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi sAmAnya pravRttiyA~ manuSya, pazu sabameM hotI haiM, kintu manuSya apanI viveka-zakti ke kAraNa hI ucita yA anucita kA bheda kara sakatA hai| pazuoM meM mAtra vAsanAtmaka saMjJAe~ hotI haiM, jabaki manuSyoM meM viveka yA saMjJAnAtmaka saMjJA bhI hotI hai| jainAgamoM meM saMjJA kA eka artha icchA yA AkAMkSA (Desire) liyA gayA hai, to dUsarA artha vivekazIlatA bhI mAnA gayA hai| phira bhI; icchA, AkAMkSA tathA saMjJA meM sUkSma aMtara bhI hai| saMjJA prasupta yA avacetana meM rahI huI icchA hai, jJAna-mImAMsA kI apekSA icchA, arthAt -'jJAnajanyatve sati kRtijanakatvamicchAyA lkssnnm'|42 jJAnajanya vRtti ke anurUpa kArya karane ke lie pravRtta honA icchA hai, athavA dUsare artha meM, icchA kAmaH- icchA ko kAma (kAmanA) kahA gayA hai| vAsanA, kAmanA yA icchA se hI samagra vyavahAra kA udbhava hotA hai| yaha vAsanA, kAmanA yA icchA se prasUta samasta vyavahAra hI naitika evaM dhArmika-mUlyAMkana kA viSaya hai| sarvArthasiddhi graMtha meM AhArAdi viSayoM kI abhilASA ko saMjJA kahA gayA hai| yahA~ saMjJA icchA ke saMdarbha meM hai, jisase vivaza hokara jIva isa loka meM dAruNa duHkha ko prApta karate haiM aura jinakA sevana karane se jIva donoM hI bhavoM meM duHkha ko prApta karate haiN| jainadarzana meM icchA, kSudhA, abhilASA, vAsanA, kAmanA, AzA, lobha, tRSNA, Asakti aura saMkalpa (Will) -ye sabhI saMjJA ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa 40_Beyond the pleasure principle - S. Freud, uddhRta, AdhyAtmayoga aura citta-vikalana, pR. 246. AgamaprasiddhA vAcchA saMjJA abhilASa iti go.jI., jI.pra.2/21/10 tarkasaMgraha, avaziSTa paricchedaH, annama bhaTTa .. 43 tarkasaMgraha, zabda paricchedaH, annama bhaTTa savArthasiddhi- /2/24/182/1 iha jAhi bAhiyA vi ya jIvA pAvaMti dArUNaM dukkha sevaMtA vi ya ubhae, sarvArthasiddhi, 51 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 45 meM prayukta hue haiM, jinakA sAmAnya artha zarIra, indriyoM aura mana kI apanI viSayoM kI cAha yA kAmanA, icchA se hai| pratyeka jIvatattva, cAhe vaha ekendriya ho yA paMcendriya, usameM AhAra Adi saMjJAe~ avyakta yA vyakta rUpa se avazya pAI jAtI haiN| ekendriya-jIvoM se lekara pazujagat taka ke sabhI prANiyoM meM jIvavRtti ke sAtha-sAtha kSudhA kA bhI yoga rahatA hai, lekina mAnavIya stara para to saMjJA ke aneka rUpa upalabdha hote haiN| isa stara para avyakta AkAMkSAeM cetanA ke stara para Akara vyakta ho jAtI haiN| vastutaH, jIvavRtti se lekara saMkalpa taka ke sAre staroM meM icchA yA AkAMkSA ke mUlatattva kI dRSTi se koI antara nahIM hai, cAhe vaha AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kI saMjJA hI kyoM na ho, aMtara hai, to kevala cetanA meM usake spaSTa bodha kaa| AkAMkSA ke rUpa meM - sAmAnyatayA, icchA, AkAMkSA, abhilASA Adi paryAyavAcI hI mAne jAte haiM, phira bhI icchA aura AkAMkSA meM sUkSma dRSTi se eka antara mAnA jA sakatA hai| sAmAnyataH, icchA kA sambandha kisI vastu yA viSaya se hotA hai, ataH icchA kA sambandha paradravya se hai| vaha vyakti ko para se jor3atI hai| jainadarzana kI dRSTi se kaheM, to paradravyoM kI cAha hI icchA hai| icchA kA sambandha hamezA 'sva' se bhinna paradravya se hotA hai| yaha, dUsare kI cAha hai, aMgrejI meM hama ise Will kahate haiM, hindI meM ise cAha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| AkAMkSA kisI kamI kI anubhUti hai aura usake mAdhyama se hama usa kamI kI pUrti cAhate haiN| AkAMkSA kA sambandha kisI vastu kI cAha na hokara vastu kI kamI kI anubhUti hai| aMgrejI bhASA meM Will tathA Want meM jo aMtara hai, vahI aMtara icchA aura AkAMkSA meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| AkAMkSA Want hai, icchA Will hai| sUkSma dRSTi se kaheM, to AkAMkSA icchA kI janaka hai| vyakti kisI kamI kI anubhUti karatA hai, taba vaha AkAMkSA kahalAtI hai aura jaba usa kamI kI pUrti kI cAha utpanna hotI hai, to vaha icchA kA rUpa le letI hai| bhUkha kA laganA AkAMkSA hai aura khAne ke sambandha meM nirNaya karanA icchA hai| isa prakAra sUkSma rUpa se kaheM, to AkAMkSA hetu (kAraNa) hai aura icchA kArya (Function) hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva saMjJA vyavahAra ke preraka-tattva ke rUpa meM - Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se yadi hama vicAra kareM, to saMjJA ko vyavahAra ke preraka-tattva ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki hama saMjJA ke vibhinna prakAra ke vargIkaraNa, jaise caturvidha vargIkaraNa, dazavidha vargIkaraNa, Sor3azavidha vargIkaraNa48 meM se kisI bhI vargIkaraNa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to yaha spaSTa hai ki saMjJA prANI-vyavahAra kA preraka tattva hai| cAhe AhArasaMjJA ho yA bhayasaMjJA, athavA parigrahasaMjJA ho yA maithunasaMjJA ho, yaha sabhI kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM hamAre vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karate haiN| yaha eka sunizcita tathya hai ki AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha kahIM-na-kahIM hamAre vyavahAra ke preraka haiN| saMjJA kA jo dasavidha vargIkaraNa hai, usameM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha -ye bhI prANI-vyavahAra ke preraka haiM aura vyavahAra ke rUpa meM hI abhivyakta hote haiN| cUMki ye saba prANIya-abhivyakti ko hI vyakta karate haiM, isalie ina cAroM kaSAyoM ko bhI hama vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM bhI mAna sakate haiN| saMjJAoM kA jo Sor3azavidha vargIkaraNa hai, usameM sukha, duHkha, zoka -ye bhI prANI-vyavahAra se hI saMbaMdhita pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki ina avasthAoM meM bhI prANI kisI-na-kisI prakAra kA vyavahAra yA abhivyakti avazya karatA hai| moha bhI eka prakAra kI ajJAna-dazA hai aura dUsarI dRSTi se yaha mamatva-vRtti yA merepana kA galata bodha hai, kyoMki jainadarzana kI dRSTi se koI bhI vastu merI nahIM ho sakatI hai, lekina yaha bhI satya hai ki vyakti isa ajJAna yA moha ke kAraNa aneka prakAra kI pravRttiyA~ karatA hai| patnI, beTA, parijana, svajana Adi ke prati jo vyavahAra hotA hai, vaha mohajanya hI hai| isa prakAra se, moha ko bhI hama vyavahAra kA preraka mAna sakate haiN| jahA~ taka vicikitsA kA prazna hai, vaha to eka prakAra se AlocanAtmaka-vRtti yA vyavahAra kI hI paricAyaka hai, ataH use bhI vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| samavAyAMga - 4/4 prajJApanA, pada - 8 abhidhAnarAjendra, khaNDa-7, pR. 301 48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ina saMjJAoM ko Adhunika manovijJAna mUlapravRttiyoM aura saMvegoM ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai aura ye donoM manovijJAna kI dRSTi se vyavahAra ke preraka haiN| paurvAtya evaM pAzcAtya-manovaijJAnika isa viSaya meM ekamata haiM ki vyavahAra kA preraka-tattva vAsanA yA kAma hai aura ve mUlabhUta vyavahAra ke preraka-tattva haiN| ___ saMjJAoM ke isa Sor3azavidha vargIkaraNa meM, athavA dazavidha vargIkaraNa meM, dharmasaMjJA aura oghasaMjJA kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dharma zabda ko aneka rUpoM meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| eka ora use svabhAva mAnA gayA hai tathA dUsarI ora vaha AcaraNa kA pratIka bhI hai| dharma jIvana meM jIne kI vastu hai aura isa artha meM vyavahAra se pRthaka nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki dhArmikajana aura adhArmikajana meM bhinnatA hotI hai, ataH dharma kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM vyakti ke vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karatA hai, isIlie kahA gayA hai ki eka hI dharma ko pratyeka prANI apanI-apanI bhUmikA ke anusAra pRthak-pRthak rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai| lokasaMjJA kA artha yaha hai ki sAmAnyajana ke yA laukika-vyavahAra se prerita hokara kArya krnaa| jaina-Agama meM muni ko bAra-bAra yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha lokasaMjJA se prerita na ho| isakA eka artha yaha bhI hai ki vyakti loka-vyavahAra se prerita hotA hai| manuSya hI nahIM, anekoM vikasita prANiyoM ke vyavahAra meM nakala kI pravRtti pAI jAtI hai, jo isI bAta kI sUcaka hai ki ve prANI dUsaroM ke vyavahAra se prabhAvita hokara isa prakAra kA prayatna karate haiN| isI prakAra, oghasaMjJA bhI eka prakAra se sAmAnya vyavahAra ke anusaraNa ko sUcita karatI hai| yaha satya hai ki jana-sAmAnya ke vyavahAra ke pIche koI-na-koI saMjJA nihita hotI hai| oghasaMjJA, lokasaMjJA se, bahuta bhinna nahIM hai| sAmAnyatA kA tattva sabhI prANiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ___ jaise AhAra sabhI prANiyoM kI mUlabhUta AvazyakatA hai aura vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karatA hai, vaise hI prANI kI sAmAnya pravRtti hI ogha saMjJA hai aura vaha kahIM-na-kahIM hamAre prANIya-vyavahAra ko abhivyakta karatI hai| 49 aNusAsaNaM puDho pANI; - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra -1/15/11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isa prakAra, saMjJAoM ke kisI bhI prakAra ke vargIkaraNa ko svIkAra kareM, to yaha nizcita hai ki ve hamAre prANIya-vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| jaina AcAryoM ne saMjJAoM ke jo-jo bhI rUpa pratipAdita kie haiM, ve sabhI hamAre vyavahAra ke preraka haiN| saMjJA eka prakAra kI Antarika-anubhUti hai, jo bAhya-jagat meM prANIya-vyavahAra ko abhivyakta karatI hai| jisa prakAra Adhunika manovijJAna meM mUla pravRtti aura saMvega ko vyavahAra kA preraka-tattva mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra jainadarzana ke anusAra saMjJAe~ hamAre vyavahAra kI preraka haiM, isameM kisI bhI prakAra kA matabheda nahIM hai| saMjJA bauddhika-viveka ke rUpa meM - jainadarzana meM jIvoM ke prakAroM ke saMdarbha meM hameM saMjJI aura asaMjJI aisA vargIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| manuSya ko saMjJI-paMcendriya kahA jAtA hai| saMjJI se yahA~ tAtparya yaha hai ki jisameM heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kI viveka karane kI zakti rahI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, saMjJI kA artha hai- vivekazIla / sAmAnya rUpa se manuSya kI paribhASA hama isa rUpa meM karate haiM ki manuSya eka vivekazIla prANI hai (Man is a rational animal), ataH viveka kI zakti ko hI saMjJA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| __ svAbhAvika niyama to pazu-jAti meM bhI hote haiN| unake AcAra aura vyavahAra unhIM niyamoM ke anusAra banAe jAte haiN| ve AhAra kI mAtrA, rakSA ke upAya Adi kA nizcaya ina svAbhAvika niyamoM ke sahAre karate haiM, lekina manuSya kI viziSTatA isI meM hai ki vaha svacintana ke AdhAra para hitAhita kA dhyAna rakha aisI maryAdAe~ nizcita kare, jisase vaha apane parama sAdhya ko prApta kara ske| kANTa ne kahA hai -"anya padArtha niyama ke adhIna calate haiM, manuSya niyama ke pratyaya ke adhIna bhI cala sakatA hai| anya zabdoM meM, usake lie Adarza banAnA aura una para calanA saMbhava hai|"50 prANIya-jIvana meM do tattva haiM - vAsanA aura viveka aura ye hamAre vyavahAra ko prerita karate haiN| isa prakAra, saMjJA bauddhika-viveka hI hai| 50 pazcimI darzana, pR. 164 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 51 jaina - AcAryoM ne saMjJAoM meM jo dharmasaMjJA kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha bauddhikaviveka hI hai / vivekapUrvaka AcaraNa karanA hI dharma hai| dharma kA mUla vinaya hai aura dharma sadgati kA mUla hai|" isa prakAra, saMjJA kI avadhAraNA ke mUla meM vAsanA aura viveka - donoM kI hI sattA hai / AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi saMjJAeM jahA~ prANI ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa ko yA usakI dainika - AvazyakatA ko sUcita karatI haiM, vahI dharmasaMjJA usake bauddhika - viveka ko sUcita karatI hai / yaha satya hai ki prANIya - vyavahAra meM vAsanA aura viveka - donoM hI tathya rahate haiM, kintu jaina - AcAryoM kA yaha nirdeza rahA hai ki jIvana ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa para viveka kA niyaMtraNa ho aura dainika - AvazyakatA kI pUrti vivekapUrNa DhaMga se kI jAe, isIlie jainadharma meM vyavahAra aura AcaraNa kI aneka maryAdAeM nizcita kI gaI haiN| yaha satya hai ki kSudhA kI pUrti ke lie AhAra karanA hI hogA, para kaba, kitanA aura kaisA AhAra karanA hogA, yaha viveka hI batAegA / mAnavIya - vyavahAra meM vAsanA aura viveka kA saMtulana Avazyaka hai / vAsanA preraka hai aura viveka niryAmaka / anya dharma-darzanoM meM saMjJA kI avadhAraNA vAsanA aura viveka - donoM hI prANI - vyavahAra ke preraka - tatva haiN| bhAratIya - . dharmadarzana meM bhI vAsanA, kAmanA, icchA, AkAMkSA, AzA, lobha, tRSNA aura Asakti ko vyavahAra ke preraka - tattva ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| bhAratIya - darzana meM ina sabhI kA sAmAnya artha mana aura indriyoM ke mAdhyama se viSayoM kI cAha hai| jaisA hamane pUrva meM ullekha kiyA haiM ki bhAratIya-darzana aura dharma jIvana ke do pahalU mAnatA hai, eka- vAsanAtmaka aura dUsarA - vivekAtmaka, yadyapi ye donoM hI vyavahAra ke preraka - rUpa haiM / jainadarzana meM saMjJA kA vyApaka artha meM prayoga huA hai| usameM vAsanA aura viveka - donoM hI samAe hue haiM, jabaki pAzcAtya - manovijJAna nItizAstra aura pAzcAtya - nItizAstra vAsanA ko hI vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai, yadyapi Adhunika mAnyatAvAdI - darzana yaha avazya svIkAra karatA hai ki manuSya meM vAsanA ke atirikta vivekazIlatA, 51 49 dhammassa mUlaM viyaM vadaMti, dhammo ya mUlaM khalu soggaIe / bRhatkalpabhASya, 4441 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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50 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AtmasajagatA aura saMyama kI zakti bhI hai aura manuSya kA sadAcaraNa vAsanAtmaka-pakSa ke Upara ina tInoM ke niyaMtraNa para nirbhara karatA hai| jaina-dRSTikoNa - bhAratIya-AcArazAstra meM jainadharma aura darzana vyavahAra ke preraka-tattva ke rUpa meM rAga aura dveSa ko pramukhatA detA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM rAga aura dveSa ko karma-bIja kahA gayA hai| usameM rAga hI pramukha hai| rAga tRSNA, Asakti, kAmanA, mamatvavRtti Adi kA paryAyavAcI hI hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki rAgabhAva aura Asakti ke kAraNa karma-saMskAra vyakti ke vyavahAra ke preraka tattva haiN| unakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki saMjJAoM ke vividha rUpa isI rAgAtmakatA se utpanna hote haiN| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -'kAma meM jo Asakti hai, vaha karma ke preraka-tattva haiN|53 sampUrNa jagat meM jo kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika-karma haiM, ve hI kAma-bhogoM kI abhilASA hone se duHkharUpa haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra, yaha kAmavAsanA yA rAgabhAva, jo ki pUrva karma-saMskAroM ke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai, prANI ke vyavahAra kA preraka-sUtra hai| pUrva karma-saMskAroM se rAgAdi ke saMkalpa hote haiM aura unase hI karma kI paramparA bar3hatI hai| bauddha-dRSTikoNa - bauddhadharma-darzana meM karma ke preraka-tattva ke rUpa meM kAmanA, tRSNA, icchA ko hI mUla-tattva mAnA gayA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne dhammapada meM kahA hai -"tRSNA se yukta hokara prANI baMdhana meM par3e hue kharagoza kI bhAMti saMsAra-paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| unhoMne Age kahA hai - "kAma se hI samasta bhaya aura zoka utpanna hote haiN|"56 aMguttaranikAya meM bhagavAna buddha ne kahA hai -chaMdarAga (Asaktiyukta icchA) sabhI karmoM kI utpatti kA hetu hai|" bhagavAn buddha lobha (rAga), dveSa aura moha ko azubha tattvoM kA preraka mAnate haiN| vahIM ve alobha, adveSa aura amoha ko zubha karma kA hetu kahate uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 32/7 AcArAMgasUtra-1/3/2 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 32/19 dhammapada-343 vahI - 215 aMguttaranikAya - 3/109 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva haiN|58 bauddhadharmadarzana kI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki kAmanA saMkalpajanya hai aura saMkalpa kAmanAjanya hai| gItA kA dRSTikoNa - hindU dharmadarzana meM gItA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| gItA meM yaha prazna pUchA gayA hai ki kisase prerita hokara yaha manuSya pApa-kArya karatA hai ? usake uttara meM zrIkRSNa ne kahA thA - "he arjuna! rajoguNa se utpanna hone vAle kAma aura krodha hI pApa-AcaraNa ke preraka-tattva haiN| vastutaH, kAma aura krodha meM bhI krodha to kAma se hI utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra, kAma hI ekamAtra preraka-tattva hai, jo manuSya ko pApAcaraNa meM niyojita karatA hai| AcArya zaMkara kahate haiM ki prANI kAma se prerita hokara hI pApa karatA hai| pravRttajanoM kI yahI mAnyatA hai ki tRSNA ke kAraNa hI maiM yaha saba kArya karatA huuN| jainadarzana meM kAma ko parigraha-saMjJA ke rUpa meM, yA maithunasaMjJA ke rUpa meM aura krodha ko saMjJA ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| - isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki bhAratIya AcAra-darzana meM vyavahAra ke preraka-tattvoM ke rUpa meM adhika matabheda najara nahIM Ate haiN| bauddha-dharma meM jainadharma-darzana ke samAna caitasika dharmoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA haikuzala caitasika-dharma aura akuzala caitasika-dharma, sAtha hI, usameM caitasika-dharma ko aneka prakAra se vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama usameM sAta. caitasika-dharma batAye gaye haiN| unameM saMjJA ko bhI caitasika-dharma kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra, usameM kuzala aura akuzala -do dharmoM ko batAte hue akuzala caitasika-dharmoM ke caudaha vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| ye mUla pravRttiyA~ nimna haiM - 1. palAyanavRtti (bhaya), 2. ghRNA, 3. jijJAsA, 4 AkrAmakatA (krodha), 5. Atma-gaurava kI bhAvanA (mAna), 6. AtmahInatA, 7. mAtRtva kI saMpreraNA, 8. samUha- bhAvanA, 9. saMgrahavRtti, 10. racanAtmakatA, 11. bhojanAnveSaNa, 12. kAma, 13. zaraNAgati aura 14. hAsya (Amoda) 58 vahI - 3/107 gItA- 3/36 vahI - 2/62 gItA-3/37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva inameM jainadharma meM varNita aneka saMjJAeM samAhita ho jAtI haiN| kuzala caitasika - dharmoM ke paccIsa vibhAga haiN| ve jainadharma ke anusAra dharmasaMjJA ke antargata hI haiM / jainadharma-darzana meM solaha saMjJAeM batAI gaI haiN| unameM adhikAMza saMjJAoM kA ullekha hameM zAntayoga, nyAya, vezeSika, vaidAnta Adi darzana meM bhI milatA hai / Adhunika manovijJAna meM saMjJA (mUla - pravRttiyA~) pUrvI aura pazcimI - vicAraka isa viSaya meM ekamata haiM ki vyavahAra kA mUlabhUta preraka - tattva vAsanA yA kAmanA hai, phira bhI vyavahAra ke preraka-tattvoM ko saMjJA kahA gayA hai| vastutaH, manovijJAna meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| phrAyaDa jahA~ kAma ko hI preraka - tattva mAnate haiM, vahA~ Adhunika manovijJAna ne mUlabhUta prerakoM kI saMkhyA sau se bhI adhika mAnI hai, ataH vyavahAra meM mUlabhUta aura mUlapravRttiyA~ kitanI haiM, yaha nirdhArita karanA ati kaThina hai| 52 pAzcAtya - manovaijJAnika mekaDyUgala ne ina vyavahAra ke preraka - tattvoM ko mUlapravRttiyA~ (Instincts) kahA hai / yadyapi ye mUla pravRttiyA~ kitanI haiM, isa sambandha meM mekaDyUgala ke bhI vicAra badalate rhe| prAraMbha meM unhoMne sAta mUla pravRttiyA~ mAnIM, kintu bAda meM ve caudaha mUla pravRttiyoM kA ullekha karate haiM / bhAratIya-cintana meM vyavahAra ke mUlabhUta preraka kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM mataikya nahIM rahA hai| jaina- dArzanikoM meM ina vyavahAra ke preraka - tattvoM ko, jinheM ve saMjJA ke nAma se abhihita karate haiM, unameM bhI koI ekarUpatA nahIM pAI jAtI hai / hamAre zodha meM hamane dekhA ki jainadharma-darzana meM saMjJAoM kA yaha vargIkaraNa caturvidha vargIkaraNa, dazavidha vargIkaraNa aura Sor3azavidha vargIkaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| I prathama jo caturvidha vargIkaraNa hai, usameM mukhya rUpa se jaivika (Biological) pakSa ko prAthamikatA dI gii| dazavidha vargIkaraNa aura SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa meM jaivika-pakSa ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika-pakSa, mAnasika pakSa aura AdhyAtmika - pakSa ko bhI sthAna milA hai| sAmAjika-pakSa ke rUpa meM ogha aura lokasaMjJA kA rUpa milatA hai, jabaki AdhyAtmika-pakSa ke rUpa meM dharmasaMjJA ko hI sthAna milatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bauddhadharma-darzana meM ina vyavahAra ke mUlabhUta preraka-tattvoM ke rUpa meM gaMbhIratA se vicAra huA hai aura inheM caitasika-dharma ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| usake kuzala, akuzala aura avyakta -ina tIna rUpoM ke alAvA inameM se pratyeka ke bhI aneka prakAra batAe gae haiN| lobha, dveSa aura moha -ye tIna akuzala citta ke preraka haiN| jaba vaha alobha, adveSa aura amoha se pravRtta hotA hai, to kuzala citta kahA jAtA hai| avyakta citta do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. vipAka-sahetuka citta aura 2. kriyA- sahetuka citt| ina tIna sahetuka cittoM ke bAvana caitasika-dharma (citta-avasthAe~) mAne gae haiM, jinameM teraha anya samAna, caudaha akuzala aura paccIsa kuzala hote haiN| jo caitasika kuzala, akuzala aura avyakta sabhI cittoM meM samAna rUpa se rahate haiM, ve anya samAna kahe jAte haiN| tIna, chaha, sAta aura ATha caitasika-dharmoM kA bhI ullekha hai| jainoM kI saMjJA, bauddhoM ke caitasika-dharma, Adhunika manovijJAna kI mUlapravRttiyA~ aura saMvega kI avadhAraNAoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatAeM haiN| jahA~ jainadarzana rAga aura dveSa kI carcA karatA hai, vahA~ bauddhadarzana bhava-tRSNA aura vibhava-tRSNA kA ullekha karatA hai| phrAyaDa ne inheM jIvanavRtti (Eros) aura mRtyuvRtti (Thenatos) kahA hai| eka anya manovaijJAnika karTalevina ne inheM AkarSaNa zakti (Positive Valence) aura vikarSaNa zakti (Negative Valence) ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki vibhinna dharmadarzana aura Adhunika manovijJAna meM donoM ke vyavahAra ke preraka-tattvoM kI carcA kI hai, jise jainadharma-darzana saMjJA ke nAma se abhiprerita karate haiN| ---------000---- 62 abhidhammatthasaMgaho - caittisika saMgraha vibhAga, pR. 10-11 63 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.464 For Personal & Private Use Only

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54 64 adhyAya-2 AhAra - saMjJA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 64 bhAratIya manISiyoM ne yaha mAnA hai ki sAdhanA ke lie zarIra Avazyaka hai, binA zarIra ke sAdhanA saMbhava nahIM hotI, isalie kahA gayA hai| zarIramAdyaM khalu dharma sAdhanam, arthAt zarIra dharma kA sAdhana hai, kintu yaha zarIra AhAra Azrita hai, AhAra ke binA zarIra cala nahIM sktaa| jainadarzana meM chaha paryAptiyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| paryApti, arthAt AhAra, zarIra Adi vargaNA ke paramANuoM ko zarIra, indriya Adi-rUpa meM pariNamana kI zakti kI pUrNatA ko paryApti kahate haiM", yA AhAra, zarIrAdi kI niSpatti ko paryApti kahate haiM / una chaha paryAptiyoM meM prathama AhAra -paryApti hai / AhAra-paryApti ke kAraNa hI zarIra kA nirmANa prAraMbha hotA hai| zarIra ke bAda indriya, zvAsocchAvAsa, bhASA evaM mana paryAptiyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki AhAra hI manuSya ke astitva kA prathama sopAna hai| isa kAraNa se, jainadarzana meM sabhI saMjJAoM meM AhAra - saMjJA ko sarvaprathama mAnA gayA hai| ina paryAptiyoM ke pUrNa hone para bhI saMjJA to banI hI rahatI hai / AhAra - saMjJA (Food Seeking Instinct) kSudhAvedanIya - karma ke udaya se AhAra ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane kI abhilASA AhAra - saMjJA hai| 7 66 67 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kumArasambhava mahAkAvya ( mahAkavi kAlidAsa) vizeSAMka) - 65 AhAra ya sarIre taha indriya ANapANa bhAsAe hota maNo vi ya kamaso pajjatIyo jiNamAdA / dhavalA, 1/1/140 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, caraNa vidhi (madhukaramuni), adhyAya 31, pR. 555 lekha Arogya aMka, pR. 347 (75 veM varSa ke kalyANaka mUlAcAra, gAthA 1048 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva antaraMga meM asAtAvedanIya-karma kI udIraNA se tathA bahiraMga meM AhAra ko dekhane se, AhAra karane meM upayoga lagAne se evaM peTa khAlI hone se jIva ko jo AhAra kI icchA hotI hai, use AhAra saMjJA kahate haiN| isI prakAra, sthAnAMgasUtra meM AhAra-saMjJA kI utpatti ke cAra kAraNa batAe gae haiM 1. peTa ke khAlI hone se, 2. kSadhAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se, 3. AhAra sambandhI carcA ko sunane se, 4. AhAra sambandhI cintana karane se| AcArAMganiyukti kI TIkA (gAthA-26) meM taijasazarIra-nAmakarma, asAtA- vedanIya-karma aura kSudhAvedanIya-karma ke udaya ko AhAra saMjJA kA kAraNa batAyA hai| isakI tIvratA devatAoM meM sabase kama aura tiryaMcoM meM sabase adhika pAyI jAtI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, kSudhAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se grAsAdirUpa AhAra ke lie tathAvidha pudgaloM ko grahaNAbhilASArUpa kriyA ko AhAra-saMjJA kahate haiN| sabhI prANI AhAra-saMjJA ke Azrita haiN| prANI cAhe kisI jAti, yoni athavA varga kA ho, cAhe vaha sthalacara ho, jalacara ho yA nabhacara hI kyoM na ho, AhAra ke rUpa meM avazya hI kucha grahaNa karatA hai| samasta saMsAra AhAra para AdhArita hai| cAhe jainadarzana meM anAhAraka dazA kI kalpanA kI gaI ho, kintu vaha mUrta jagat meM sambhava nahIM hai| jIva ke pUrva zarIra ke tyAga evaM navIna zarIra ke grahaNa, kevalI-samudghAta aura caudahaveM guNasthAna, jo atikSaNika hai, meM hI vaha dazA saMbhava hai| hama pratyakSa dekhate haiM ki sUryodaya hote hI pakSI ghoMsalA chor3akara dAnA cugane nikala jAte haiM, kisAna AhAra-nimitta anna kA utpAdana karane ke lie hala evaM bailoM ko lekara khetoM kI ora prasthAna kara jAte haiM, yahA~ taka ki ghara-gRhasthI ko tyAgakara sAdhanA ke patha para pravRtta AhAradasaNeNa ya tassuvajogeNa oma koThAe sAdidarUdIraNAe havadi ha AhAra saNNA ha||- gommaTasAra jIvakANDa-134 sthAnAMgasUtra 4/579 AcArAMganiyukti TIkA , gAthA-26 prajJApanAsUtra, 8/725 vahI, 8/725 For Personal & Private Use Only

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56 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva santa-mahanta bhI AhAra kI apekSA rakhate haiN| jala meM rahane vAle jalacara bhI AhAra kI khoja meM prayatnazIla dekhe jAte haiN| prAcIna samaya meM yugalika manuSya bhI kalpadruma se AhAra prApta kiyA karate the, bAda meM bhagavAn RSabhadevajI ne kRSi kI zikSA dI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa mAnava- jAti ko AhAra kI upalabdhi eka suvyavasthita DhaMga se hone lagI, isalie AhAra vAyu aura jala ke bAda jIvana ke lie sarvAdhika Avazyaka vastu hai| AhAra ke dvArA kevala manuSya kI udarapUrti, svAsthya-prApti athavA svAda kI pUrti hI nahIM hotI hai, vyakti ke mAnasika va cAritrika-vikAsa para bhI usakA prabhAva par3atA hai| AhAra kA hamAre AcAra-vicAra evaM vyavahAra se gaharA saMbaMdha hai| prAcIna kahAvata hai - "jaisA khAye anna, vaisA hoya mana", yaha kahAvata Aja bhI utanI hI satya hai| . AhAra- zuddhi ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue manISiyoM ne kahA hai - AhAra zuddhau satvazuddhiH, satvazuddhau dhruvA smRtiH / smRtirlabdhe sarva granthInAM vipramokSaH / / arthAt, AhAra zuddha hone para antaHkaraNa zuddha banatA hai| antaHkaraNa ke zuddha hone para hamArI buddhi nirmala banatI hai| nirmala buddhi ke utpanna hone para ajJAna aura bhrama dUra ho jAte haiM aura antataH sabhI bandhanoM se mukti mila jAtI hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki bhojana kA zuddha honA, sAtvika honA AdhyAtmika-dRSTi se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM isa zarIra dhAraka kA uddezya mokSa kI aura paramasatya kI prApti karanA hai, ataH sAdhaka ko isI uddezya se AhAra grahaNa karanA caahie| mahAn nItikAra cANakya ne kahA hai - manuSya kA AhAra hI usake vicAroM kA aura caritra kA nirmAtA hai| jo vyakti jaisA AhAra karegA, usakA nirmANa bhI vaisA hI hogaa| 73 gAmaNayarAdi savvaM Na hodi te hoti savvakappatarU / NiyaNiyamaNa saMkappiyavatthUNiM deMti jugalANaM / / - tiloyapaNNati, adhikAra 4, gAthA 341 74 chAndogyopaniSad - a 7, khaNDa 26/2 75 mokkha sAhuNa heussa sAhu dehasya dhAraNA, dazavaikAlikasUtra- 5/1/93 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dIpo bhakSyed dhvAntaM kajjalaM ca prsuuyte| yAdRzaM bhujyate cAnnaM, jAyate tAdRzI prajAH / / arthAta, dIpaka aMdhere ko khAtA hai, isalie kAjala paidA karatA hai, kyoMki jo jaisA bhojana karatA hai, vaisI hI prajJA ko utpanna karatA hai, yaha sRSTi kA niyama hai| uparyukta udAharaNoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki hamAre jIvana kA, cAritra kA evaM vyaktitva kA sahI nirmANa karane meM AhAra-zuddhi kI bahuta bar3I bhUmikA rahatI hai| duniyA ke RSi-maharSiyoM aura jJAniyoM ne sAttvika evaM zuddha AhAra ke bala para hI apanI sAdhanAoM ko caramotkarSa taka pahuMcAyA hai| zrAvaka puNiyA kI kathA kA udAharaNa bhI AhAra-zuddhi ke lie sarvaprasiddha hai| eka bAra puNiyA zrAvaka ne apanI dharmapatnI se kahA - "Aja merA mana sAmAyika meM vicalita ho gayA, isakA kyA kAraNa ho sakatA hai ?" cintana kara patnI bolI -"kala rasoI banAne ke lie par3osI se bagaira pUche gobara kA eka kaNDA (upalA) lAI thIM, cUMki vaha anIti kA thA, ataH usase jo AhAra pakAyA, vaha zuddha kaise ho sakatA hai ? isalie ApakA mana sAmAyika meM vicalita huaa|" isase spaSTa hotA hai ki azuddha AhAra vyakti ke manobhAvoM ko bhI azuddha karatA hai| AhAra kI AvazyakatA kyoM ? (1) zarIra ke nirmANa ke lie, (2) zarIra ke saMrakSaNa ke lie| AhAra: prANinaH sadyo balakRddehadhArakaH / AyustejaH samutsAhasmRtyojo'gnivivarddhanaH / / sushrut|| hamArA zarIra hara samaya kucha-na-kucha kArya karatA hai| jisa samaya hama sote haiM, usa samaya bhI zarIra ke AMtarika-avayava apanA kAma karate rahate haiN| kAma karane se zarIra kSINa hotA hai, pratikSaNa zarIra ke koza TUTate rahate haiN| eka kadama calane se, eka zabda bolane se aura tanika bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva socane-vicArane yA cintA karane se, yahI nahIM, pratyuta, zvAsa lene taka se bhI zarIra meM kucha-na-kucha hAsa avazya hotA hai| yaha bhI dekhA gayA hai ki kaI dinoM taka upavAsa karane se zarIra kSINa aura durbala ho jAtA hai, kyoMki una dinoM meM vaha kavalAhAra kA tyAga karatA hai| AhAra na milane ke kAraNa, akAla ke samaya saikar3oM manuSya sUkhakara kA~TA ho jAte haiN| AhAra na pacA sakane ke kAraNa rogI manuSya poSaNa ke abhAva meM dina-pratidina kamajora hotA jAtA hai, usakA vajana ghaTane lagatA hai| ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki AhAra karate rahane para parizramI manuSya kA bhI zarIra kSINa nahIM hotA aura AhAra na karane, athavA AhAra na pacane para binA parizrama kie bhI zArIrika-bhAra ghaTa jAtA hai, ataeva spaSTa hai ki hamAre zarIra meM jo hAsa hotA hai, usakI pUrti karanevAlA AhAra grahaNa tathA gRhIta AhAra kA pAcana hI hai| AhAra se hI zarIra ke TUTe hue kozoM ke sthAna para naye koza banate haiM aura unakI marammata hotI rahatI hai| zarIra-vizeSajJoM ne anumAna lagAyA hai ki isa parivartana se prAyaH sAta varSa meM hamArA pUrA zarIra bilkula badala jAtA hai| AhAra zArIrika-hAsa kI pUrti karane ke atirikta prANI kI eka vizeSa Ayu taka zArIrika-vRddhi bhI karatA hai| navajAta zizu ke bhAra, lambAI ityAdi kA yuvA puruSa ke bhAra aura usakI lambAI ityAdi se tulanA karane para yaha bAta svataH hI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| bAlaka ke zarIra meM AhAra se hRAsa kama aura nae-nae koza adhika banate haiM, isalie dina-pratidina vaha bar3hatA jAtA hai, paraMtu yuvA evaM praur3ha puruSoM meM adhika zrama karane ke kAraNa hRAsa adhika hotA hai, AhAra se unakI pUrti mAtra hI hotI hai| adhika AhAra vaha pacA nahIM sakatA, jo hAsa kI pUrti karane ke atirikta zArIrika-vRddhi bhI ho ske| praur3ha puruSoM kI pAcana zakti kSINa hone ke kAraNa unakA zarIra dina-pratidina kSINa hone lagatA hai| zarIra meM tApa bhI bhojana se utpanna hotA hai| jaba taka hama jIte haiM, hamArA zarIra sadaiva garama rahatA hai aura hara samaya thor3I-bahuta garmI zarIra se bAhara bhI nikalatI rahatI hai| cAhe hama zIta-pradhAna deza meM raheM yA uSNatA pradhAna deza meM, cAhe grISma Rtu ho athavA zIta-Rtu, parantu hamAre zArIrika-tApa meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM pdd'taa| hamAre zarIra meM sadaiva hI eka prakAra kI dahana-kriyA hotI rahatI hai| AhAra isa dahana-kriyA meM IMdhana kA kArya karatA hai, jisase garmI utpanna hokara hamArA zarIra uSNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva rahatA hai, isa prakAra, AMtarika dahana - kriyA se jo tApa utpanna hotA hai, usakA hI dUsarA rUpa zakti hai, jo hameM kArya karane meM samartha banAtI hai| isa prakAra, zarIra meM jAkara AhAra cAra kArya karatA hai 1. zArIrika - hAsa kI pUrti, 3. zarIra kI vRddhi, 1. vaijJAnika - dRSTi se, 3. dArzanika - dRSTi se, 2. zArIrika - tApa kI vRddhi, 4. zakti yA bala kI utpatti / AhAra ye cAra kArya karatA hai aura inhIM kAryoM ke lie AhAra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / 2. zarIra - saMrakSaNa ke lie zarIra-saMrakSaNa ke lie AhAra ati Avazyaka hai| zarIra meM hone vAle parivartana, tAkata, zakti, puSTatA evaM bala kA dyotaka AhAra hai| AhAra ke kAraNa hI manuSya kA zarIra saba paristhitiyoM meM svayaM kA saMrakSaNa kara sakatA hai| jo vyakti svastha hai, saMyamita hai, isakA mUla kAraNa eka yaha bhI hai ki vaha AhAra ke prati sajaga hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki zarIra ke saMrakSaNa ke lie AhAra ko vidvAnoM ne vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vivecita kiyA hai 2. dhArmika athavA naitika - dRSTi se, 4. deza aura kAla kI dRSTi se / 59 1. vaijJAnika dRSTi - vaijJAnika dRSTi svAsthya kI dRSTi hai| vaijJAnika jaba AhAra-sambandhI vivecana prastuta karate haiM, to unakA uddezya mAtra itanA hI hotA hai ki kauna-sI vastu kitanI mAtrA meM zakti pradAna karatI hai| isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vaijJAnikoM ne AhAra kI pauSTikatA kA hI vicAra kiyA hai| zarIra - poSaNa ke lie mAMsAhArI aMDe kA sevana karate haiM, to zAkAhArI dUdha kA / ve mAtra yaha mAnate haiM ki jina vastuoM se khAne vAle ko zArIrika bala milatA hai, ve sabhI khAdya haiM / yahA~ yaha vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA ki amuka vastu khAne se dharma, athavA amuka vastu khAne se For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adharma yA pApa hotA hai| yaha vicAra vaijJAnika-cintana se bAhara kI vastu hai| 2. dhArmika athavA naitika-dRSTi - dharma evaM nIti ke kSetra meM mAtra yaha nahIM dekhA jAtA hai ki kauna-sA bhojana hameM kitanI jIvanI zakti pradAna karatA hai, balki yaha vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki kauna-sA khAdya-padArtha hamAre manobhAva ko sAtvika yA tAmasa banAtA hai| jo vastue~ hamAre jIvana meM sAtvika bhAvanAoM ko jAgrata karatI haiM, yA jo durvAsanAoM evaM anaitika-icchAoM ko jagAne meM sahAyaka nahIM banatIM, ve to grAhya samajhI jAtI haiM aura jinase hamArI kupravRttiyA~ jAga uThatI haiM, ve vastue~ tyAjya yA agrAhya mAnI jAtI haiN| dhArmika-dRSTi se ve padArtha hI grAhya mAne jAte haiM, jinase hameM zArIrika- bala to milatA hI hai, sAtha hI sadbhAvanAe~ bhI dRr3ha hotI haiN| mAMsa, machalI, aMDA, madirA Adi ko grahaNa karane se cAhe hameM zArIrika-zakti milatI hai, lekina ye vastue~ hamArI vAsanA ko jAgrata kara detI haiM, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa hama anaitika kAryoM kI ora AkRSTa hote haiM, ataeva ina vastuoM ko dhArmika athavA naitika-dRSTi se bilakula hI tyAjya samajhA gayA hai| isI prakAra, jina padArthoM ko grahaNa karane se jIva-hiMsA adhika hotI hai, unheM bhI dhArmika-dRSTi se agrAhya mAnA gayA hai| jaina- vicArakoM ne isI bAta para adhika bala diyA hai| 3. dArzanika-dRSTi - zarIra-saMrakSaNa ke lie AhAra kI upAdeyatA kA varNana karate hue sAMkhya- dArzanika kahate haiM ki prakRti aura puruSa ke saMyoga se jagat kA vikAsa huA hai| prakRti ke tIna guNa mAne gae haiM - satva, raja tathA tm| pratyeka vastu meM ye tIna guNa maulika rUpa se pAe jAte haiM, parantu pratyeka vastu meM kisI guNa kI adhikatA, to kisI guNa kI nyUnatA bhI hotI hai tathA usI ke AdhAra para usa vastu kI koTi nirdhArita hotI hai| isI AdhAra para bhojya padArtha ko bhI tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA haisAttvika, rAjasI evaM taamsii| sAmAnyatayA; anna, phala Adi kA sAttvika bhojana grahaNa karane se manuSya kI sAttvika pravRtti bar3hatI hai; ghI, miSThAnna, pakavAna Adi ati pauSTika bhojana grahaNa karane se manuSya meM rAjasI-pravRtti balavatI hotI hai evaM mAMsa, madirA, bAsI padArtha Adi tAmasI-vastuoM ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva khAne se tAmasI- pravRtti jAgrata hotI hai| spaSTa hai ki zarIra meM bhI prakRti ke tInoM guNa upasthita haiM aura unakA saMrakSaNa vibhinna prakAra ke AhAra se hI saMbhava hai, kintu manuSya kA kartavya hai ki vaha sAttvika AhAra kare aura tAmasI-AhAra kA tyAga kre| rAjasI- AhAra paristhiti ke AdhAra para thor3A grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu adhika nhiiN| 4. deza aura kAla - zarIra-saMrakSaNa ke lie deza evaM kAla ke anusAra hI vyakti kA AhAra nizcita hotA hai, aisA na hone se AdamI ke lie jIvita rahanA kaThina aura kabhI-kabhI to asaMbhava bhI ho sakatA hai| yadi koI uttarI athavA dakSiNI-dhruva ke AsapAsa rahatA hai aura vahA~ para vaha garama padArthoM kA sevana na kare, to vaha jindA kaise raha sakatA hai? dUsare, vahA~ ke bhojya padArthoM meM vahI vastue~ hoMgI, jo vahA~ sulabha haiN| yadi akAla par3A huA hai aura akAlagrasta kSetra kA vyakti kahe ki vaha kevala amuka vastu hI grahaNa karegA, athavA jo kucha bhI vaha khAegA, apane dharma aura nIti kI sImAoM ke andara rahakara khAegA, aisI paristhiti meM yA to use apanI jAna denI par3egI, yA phira dhArmika evaM naitika-sImAoM kA atikramaNa karanA pdd'egaa| __ mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM, vizvAmitra jaise tapasvI ko akAla ke samaya cANDAla ke ghara se kutte kI TAMga curAkara usakA mAMsa khAnA par3A thaa| yahA~ taka ki cANDAla ne unheM corI karate pakar3a liyA aura unakI vezabhUSA ko dekhate hue samajhAyA ki Apake lie mAMsa kA bhakSaNa karanA doSaprada hai, Apake dharma ke viparIta hai, parantu vizvAmitra ne yaha uttara diyA 'yena yena vizeSeNa karmaNA ye keccit| yAvajjIvet sAdhamAnaH samartho dharmamAcaret / / -mahAzAntiparva, a.146 yaha Avazyaka hai ki sarvaprathama AdamI apane jIvana kI rakSA kare, bhale hI isake lie use koI bhI sAdhana kyoM na apanAnA pdd'e| kAraNa, jIvita rahakara hI koI vyakti kisI dharma kA pAlana kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra, yaha mAnyatA banatI hai ki AhAra-vicAra deza aura kAla ke anusAra honA caahie| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isa prakAra, AhAra-saMjJA zarIra-saMrakSaNa evaM zarIra nirmANa ke lie Avazyaka hai| zuddha AhAra hI vyakti ke vyaktitva kA pratibimba hotA hai, isalie AhAra jitanA sAttvika evaM zuddha hogA, vyakti kA zarIra bhI utanA hI svasthya evaM puSTa hogaa| AhAra-saMjJA ke udbhava ke kAraNa jIva kI sabase prathama apekSA hai - jijIviSA, arthAta jIvana jIne kI prabala icchA, jo jIvana ke aMta taka rahatI hai| isI se vaha jIne ke prathama sAdhana AhAra kI ora daur3atA hai| anAdikAla se calI A rahI isa pravRtti ko hI AhAra-saMjJA kahate haiN| AhAra zabda (A + hR + dhaJ) 'A' upasarga sahita 'hRJa' haraNe dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai -lAnA, nikaTa lAnA, haraNa karanA yA grahaNa karanA, ataH. antaraMga meM kSudhAvedanIya-karma ke udaya yA udIraNA se tathA bahiraMga meM AhAra ko dekhane se, yA cittavRtti usa ora jAne se, athavA peTa khAlI hone se jIva ko jo AhAra grahaNa karane kI icchA hotI hai, use hI AhAra-saMjJA kahate haiN| AhAra-saMjJA se tAtparya prANiyoM ke bhItara niraMtara bhojana grahaNa karane kI yA AhAra lene kI mAMga banI rahane se hai| AhAra-saMjJA bAharI poSaka tattvoM ko svayaM ke bhItara DAla lene kI vRtti hai| yaha vRtti hara prANI meM hotI hai aura samaya-samaya para prakaTa hotI hai, zeSa samaya meM suptaprAya rahatI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra" meM AhAra-saMjJA kI utpatti ke nimna cAra kAraNa batAe haiM - 1. jaTharAgni dvArA pUrva gRhIta AhAra kA pAcana hone para, arthAt peTa ___ ke khAlI ho jAne se| 2. kSudhAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se| 3. AhAra-sambandhI carcA ke zravaNAnantara utpanna mati se| 76 AhAradasaNeNa ya tastuvajogeNa omkoddhaae| sAdidarUdIraNAe havadi hu AhAra saNNA hu|| -gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa 134 cauhi ThANehi AhAra saNNA samuppajjai, taM jahA - (1) omakoTTyAe, (2) chuhAveyaNijjassa kammassa udaevaM. (3) maIe (4) tdovogennN| sthAnAMgasUtra, a. 4/4/356 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 4. AhAra ke viSaya meM ciMtana karate rahane se| 1. jaTharAgni pradIpta hone se - AhAra prANImAtra ko zakti evaM sphUrti pradAna karatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, AhAra-saMjJA garbha meM se hI sabhI jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai| jIva jaba zArIrika evaM mAnasika-parizrama karatA hai, jaise - calanA, phiranA, bolanA, ghUmanA yA anya kArya karanA, to zArIrika-zakti kA hAsa hotA hai| usa hAsa kI pUrti AhAra ke mAdhyama se hotI hai| hama pratyakSa dekhate haiM ki jaba subaha uThate haiM, to peTa khAlI hone ke kAraNa jaTharAgni pradIpta ho jAtI hai aura joradAra bhUkha lagatI hai| zarIra AhAra kI mAMga karatA hai, usa samaya AhAra-saMjJA pradIpta ho jAtI hai aura hama AhAra grahaNa karane kA prayAsa karate haiN| jaba taka kucha AhAra zarIra ko prApta nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha kSudhA banI rahatI hai, ataH AhAra-saMjJA kI utpatti kA prathama kAraNa peTa kA khAlI honA aura jaTharAgni kA pradIpta honA hai| saMsAra meM choTe-se-choTe prANI se lagAkara vizAlakAya hAthI taka, sabhI ko jaba yaha anubhava hotA hai ki apanA peTa khAlI ho cukA hai, to vaha AhAra kI khoja meM nikala jAtA hai aura AhAra-prApti ke lie harasaMbhava prayatna karatA hai| saMkSepa meM, AhAra ko grahaNa karane kI icchA hI AhAra-saMjJA hai| 2. kSudhAvedanIya-karma - jisa karma ke udaya se jIva zAtA-azAtA athavA sukha-duHkha kA vedana anubhava karatA hai, use vedanIya-karma kahate haiN| vedanIya-karma kA hI AvAntara prakAra hai- kSudhAvedanIya, kSudhA arthAt bhUkha tathA vedanIya arthAt bhojana kI icchaa| jaba jIva ko bhUkha lagatI hai, to use AhAra ke prati tIvra abhilASA utpanna ho jAtI hai| jaba isa prakAra kI sthiti banatI hai, to vyakti AMhAra karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| AhAra jaba taka nahIM milatA, kSudhAvedanIya-karma kA udaya banA rahatA hai| kSudhAvedanIya-karma ke kAraNa AhAra kI Asakti nirantara banI rahatI hai, cAhe phira ekendriya jIva ho yA paMcendriya jiiv| 78 veyaNIyaM pi ya duvihaM sAyamasAyaM ca AhiyaM sAyassa u bahU bheyA emeva asAyassa vi| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra-33/7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva rAjA samprati, jo pUrva bhava meM bhikhArI thA, tIna dina taka ghara-ghara bhojana kI mAMga karatA rahA, lekina koI use AhAra nahIM de rahA thA, kSudhAvedanIya-karma kA tIvra udaya thaa| usa samaya mArga meM do jaina zramaNa sAdhu bhikSArtha gaveSaNA karate hue dikhAI die| zrAvaka ne bhAvapUrvaka sAdhu mahArAja ko laDDU baharAye, jise usa bhikhArI ne dekha liyA aura sAdhu bhagavaMta se laDDU kI mAMga karane lgaa| jainAcAra ke pAlaka muni ne kahA - "hamAre guru mahArAja ke pAsa calo, jaisI vaha AjJA deMge, vaisA hama kreNge| sAdhuoM ne upAzraya meM virAjita guru mahArAja ko bhikhArI kA pUrA dRSTAnta sunAyA, jise sunakara guru mahArAja ko bar3A duHkha huA / guru mahArAja ne kahA - "tumheM laDDU hI khAnA hai, to tumako hamAre jaisA veSa dhAraNa karanA hogA, arthAt jainadharma meM dIkSita honA par3egA / " kSudhAvedanIya - karma se grasta bhikhArI ne kahA - "bhUkha miTAne ke lie maiM dIkSA bhI le lUMgA / " dIkSA ke bAda sAre laDDU nae muni ke sAmane rakha die ge| laDDU sAmane Ate hI muni ne khAnA prArambha kara diyA tathA bharapeTa laDDU khA lie, parantu arddharAtri meM use tIvra peTa darda huA aura usane samabhAva meM deha kA tyAga kiyaa| kAlAntara meM vahI samprati rAjA bnaa| yaha hai kSudhAvedanIya kA khela / 3. AhAra - saMbaMdhI carcA ko sunakara 64 jaba AhAra-saMbaMdhI carcA karate haiM, to janma-janmAntara se baiThe AhAra ke saMskAra jAgrata ho jAte haiM, jaise imalI kA nAma lete hI muMha meM pAnI svataH hI Ane lagatA hai, rasagullA, jalebI, kacaurI, samosA, cATa, caTapaTe namakIna Adi kI bAteM sunakara unheM khAne kI icchA jAgrata ho jAtI hai aura vaha taba taka banI rahatI hai, jaba taka ki usa vastu ko grahaNa na kara liyA jaae| bhaktakathA (AhAra - sambandhI carcA ) karane meM sabhI ko bahuta rasa AtA hai| subaha se zAma taka, kyA banAeM aura kyA khAeM ? isa carcA meM hI bahuta sI mahilAoM kA samaya yUM hI vyatIta ho jAtA hai / varttamAna yuga meM caupATI, resTorenTa, hoTala Adi meM banane vAle kisI vyaMjana kI vizeSatA aura usake kAraNa vahA~ hone vAlI bhIr3a kI carcA sunakara hI vyakti vahA~ pahu~ca jAtA hai, kyoMki carcA ke mAdhyama se use yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki amuka hoTala para bahuta svAdiSTa yA jAyakedAra vastue~ milatI haiN| AhAra - saMjJA ke uddIpana ke kAraNa hI vahA~ logoM kI bhIr3a umar3ane lagatI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 4. AhAra kA cintana karane se - __ AhAra kA nirantara cintana karate rahane se bhI AhAra-saMjJA kI utpatti hotI hai| kisI vyakti ne kisI zAdI, pArTI yA samAroha meM peTa bhara svAdiSTa bhojana kiyaa| use jaba taka usa bhojana kI smRti rahatI hai, taba taka use vaisA hI bhojana karane kI tIvra icchA banI rahatI hai| isa prakAra, sthAnAMgasUtra meM AhAra-saMjJA kI utpatti ke cAra kAraNa to pramukha haiM hI, sAtha hI AhAra-saMjJA kI utpatti ke nimna kAraNa bhI hote 1. jaba kisI khAdya padArtha kI mIThI aura bhInI gaMdha AtI hai, to usa khAdya padArtha ko khAne kI lAlasA jAgrata ho jAtI hai| 2. kisI vizeSa khAdya padArtha ko koI vyakti khAtA hai, to use dekhakara muMha meM pAnI A jAtA hai aura use khAne kI icchA jAgrata ho jAtI hai| 3. calacitra Adi meM bhojana-saMbaMdhI dRzyoM ko dekhakara jaTharAgni pradIpta ho jAtI hai| 4. ThaMDa, garmI aura varSA ke mausama meM bhI kucha garama yA ThaMDA pIne yA khAne kI icchA bhI AhAra-saMjJA ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotI hai| isa prakAra, AhAra-saMjJA ke udbhava ke deza, kAla, paristhitiyoM ke anusAra anya kAraNa bhI ho sakate haiN| AhAra ke vibhinna prakAra AtmA aura zarIra kA samanvaya hI jIvana hai| jisa prakAra dharma-sAdhanA kA AdhAra zarIra hai, vaise hI zarIra kA AdhAra AhAra hai| zarIra jaba surakSita, svastha va kriyAzIla rahatA hai, tabhI dharma kI ArAdhanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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66 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhalI prakAra se kI jA sakatI hai| jaise khetI ke lie hala evaM baila kI jarUrata hotI hai, ratha ko calAne ke lie ghor3oM kI jarUrata hotI hai aura kAra ko calAne ke lie peTrola kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ThIka usI prakAra zarIrarUpI gAr3I ko calAne ke lie AhArarUpI IMdhana ati Avazyaka hai| AhAra kI upayogitA batAte hue Ayurveda-granthoM meM anna ko hI 'prANa' kahA gayA hai- 'annaM vai praannaaH'| upaniSad meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai -"annaM brahmeti vyajAnAt", arthAt anna hI brahma hai, anna hI paramAtmA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, vigrahagati ke atirikta saMsArastha sabhI jIva AhAra- yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karate rahate haiN| AhAra se hI audArika, vaikriya Adi tIna zarIra, paryAptiyA~, indriya Adi kA nirmANa kArya sampanna hotA hai| vigraha-gati ke atirikta kevalIsamudaghAta, zailezI avasthA aura siddhAvasthA meM jIvana AhAra grahaNa nahIM krtaa| isa sandarbha meM digambara-paramparA kA kahanA hai ki kevalI (vItarAga) kavalAhAra nahIM karatA hai, kintu usakA bhI romAhAra-ojAhAra Adi to calatA rahatA hai| jIva jaba taka jItA hai, saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai, AhAra grahaNa kie binA nahIM raha sktaa| pratyeka saMsArI-jIva ko kSudhAvedanIya-karma kA udaya hone se bhUkha lagatI hai, bhojana kI icchA bhI jAgrata ho jAtI hai| zvetAmbara-mAnyatA ke anusAra, sarvazaktimAn kevalI tIrthaMkara paramAtmA bhI bhojana grahaNa karate haiN| isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara-paramparA kI mAnyatAoM meM do pramukha bheda haiN| pramANanayatattvAlokana meM pratyakSa pramANa ke dUsare pariccheda meM kahA gayA hai - "na ca kavalAhAratvena tasyAsarvajJatvam kavalA''hAra sarvajJa yo viroghAt digambarAH kevalI kavalA''hAravAn na bhavati chadmasthebhyo vijaatiiytvaat|" saMyama-sukhadAtA : pravacanamAlA, A. devendra muni, pR. 86 ekaMdvau trInvA'nAhAraka- tattvArthasUtra-2/30 pramANanayatattvAloka - 2/27 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva digambara-zAstra mAnate haiM - kevalI AhAra nahIM karate aura strI ko mokSa nahIM milatA,82. jabaki zvetAmbara-zAstra kahate haiM - kevaliyoM ke bhI audArika-zarIra hotA hai aura kSudhAvedanIya-karma bhI zeSa hai, isa kAraNa unako bhI AhAra kI jarUrata rahatI hai| isa prakAra, kevalI ke AhAra ke saMbaMdha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparAeM ekamata nahIM haiN| ThIka usI prakAra, AhAra ke prakAra ke saMbaMdha meM bhI ve paramparAeM ekamata nahIM haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM AhAra ke tIna prakAroM kA varNana milatA hai, vahIM digambara-paramparA meM AhAra ke chaha prakAroM kA ullekha hai| dhavalATIkA meM sarvaprathama chaha AhAroM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai - 1. nokarmAhAra, 2. karmAhAra, 3. kavalAhAra, 4. lepyAhAra, 5. ojAhAra, aura 6. manaH aahaar| isase pUrva zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, niyukti, pravacana- sAroddhAra, bRhat saMgrahaNI Adi meM tIna prakAra ke AhAra kA hI ullekha milatA hai| unameM kahA gayA hai, AhAra tIna prakAra ke haiM - 1. ojAhAra, 2. lomAhAra, 3. prakSepAhAra (kavalAhAra) / zvetAmbara-granthoM meM karmAhAra, nokarmAhAra aura manaH AhAra kA ullekha nahIM hai, sAtha hI lomAhAra ko bhI lepyAhAra kahA gayA hai| chaha prakAra ke AhAra nimna haiM . 1. nokarmAhAra 85 . - vAyumaNDala meM pratikSaNaM svataH prApta pudgala-vargaNAoM aura pudgala-piNDoM kA grahaNa nokarmAhAra hai| zarIra kI 82 bhuMkte na kevalI na strI mokSameti digambarAH / 83 atra kavalalepoemamanaH karmAhArAn parityajya nokarmAhAro grAhyaH anyayAhAra kAlavirahAmyA saha virodhaat| - SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/176 kI dhavalaTIkA sarireNoyAhAro tayAya phAseNa romaAhArI pakkhevAhAro puNa kAvalio hoi naayvvo|| -pravacanasAroddhAra, AhAra ucchavAsa, gAthA 1180, dvAra-204 bodhapAhuDa mUla TIkA, gAthA 34 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva racanA ke lie jina karmavargaNAoM ke pudgaloM kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, ve nokarmAhAra haiN| kevalI bhagavAn nokarmAhAra karate haiN| ___ 2. karmAhAra - karmavargaNA ke pudagaloM ko grahaNa karanA karmAhAra hai| jIva ke bhAva aura pariNAmoM dvArA pratikSaNa karmavargaNAoM ko grahaNa karanA karmAhAra kahalAtA hai| 3. kavalAhAra/prakSepAhAra- mukha ke mAdhyama se, AhAra grahaNa karanA, pAnI Adi peya padArtha pInA tathA iMjekzana Adi ke dvArA jo AhAra liyA jAtA hai, yA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha prakSipta AhAra kahalAtA hai| tapazcaryA Adi meM kevala prakSipta AhAra kA hI tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| 4. lepya yA romAhAra- tvacA yA roma-chidroM dvArA pratisamaya pratyeka pala liyA jAne vAlA AhAra lomAhAra hai| jaise -vRkSoM dvArA jala grahaNa krnaa| isI prakAra; krIma, ghI, tela Adi kI mAliza se zarIra ko jo zakti milatI hai, vaha bhI lomAhAra ke aMtargata AtI hai| 5. ojAhAra- bAhya-pariveza se UrjA yA zakti ko prApta karanA ojAhAra kahalAtA hai, jaise- pakSI apane aNDoM ko seMkate haiM, sUrya ke prakAza se paudhe apanA bhojana banAte haiM, athavA tiryaMca evaM manuSya bhI sUrya kI rozanI se viTAmina 'DI' prApta karate haiN| uSmA se zakti prApta karanA, athavA sampUrNa zarIra dvArA AhAra ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karanA ojAhAra kahA jAtA hai| mAtA ke garbha meM zizu jo AhAra letA hai, vaha bhI ojAhAra hai| 6. manaH AhAra- AhAra kI icchA hone para mAnasika rUpa se toSa (saMtoSa) ko prApta karanA manaH AhAra kahalAtA hai| svapna Adi meM AhAra karane yA bahuta sArI miThAiyA~ evaM khAne kI sAmagrI dekhakara mana bhara jAtA hai, phira khAne kI icchA nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra kI mana se tRpti kA anubhava honA manaH AhAra kahalAtA hai| anuttara-vimAnavAsI devoM kI bhojana kI icchA mAtra vicAra se tRpta ho jAtI hai| sAmAnyatayA, tIna zarIra aura chaha paryAptiyoM ke yogya pudgaloM ke grahaNa karane ko AhAra kahate haiN| oja, loma aura kavala -inameM se kisI For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 69 bhI prakAra ke AhAra ko karane vAle jIva ko AhAraka kahate haiN| ukta tIna prakAra ke AhAroM (oja, loma aura kavala) meM se kisI bhI prakAra ke AhAra ko grahaNa na karane vAle jIva anAhAraka kahalAte haiN| sabhI aparyAptaka-jIva ojAhAra karate haiM, jabaki paryAptaka-jIva lomAhAra yA prakSepAhAra grahaNa karate haiN| deva, nAraka aura ekendriya jIvoM meM prakSepAhAra (kavalAhAra) nahIM hotA hai, zeSa dvIndriya se lekara sayogI-kevalI taka prakSepAhAra karate haiM, kintu digambara-mAnyatAnusAra kevalI prakSepAhAra nahIM karate, kevalI ko chor3akara zeSa jIva vigrahagati meM eka yA do samaya taka anAhAraka rahate haiM, kintu kevalI-samudghAta karate samaya jIva tIna samaya taka anAhAraka hote haiN| zailezI avasthA ko prApta kevalI arddha antarmuhUrta taka anAhAraka hote haiN| siddha jIva sAdi-anantakAla taka anAhAraka hote ekendriya-jIva ko muMha kA abhAva hone se kavalAhAra nahIM hotA aura devatA aura nArakI-jIva vaikriya-zarIradhArI hone se svabhAvataH kavalAhArI nahIM hote haiN| devatA aparyApta avasthA meM ojAhArI aura paryApta avasthA meM manaHAhArI hote haiN| vicAra evaM cintana mAtra se sabhI indriyoM ko AlAdajanaka manojJa-pudgaloM ko AtmasAt karate haiN| nArakI aparyApta avasthA meM ojAhArI aura paryApta avasthA meM lomAhArI hote haiM, kintu ve devoM kI taraha manAhArI nahIM hote| mana-AhArI kA artha hai -tathAvidha zakti dvArA apane zarIra ko puSTa karane vAle pudgaloM ko mana se grahaNa kara AtmatRpti evaM Atma-saMtoSa prApta krnaa| naraka ke jIvoM meM azubha-karma ke udaya se aisI zakti nahIM hotI hai, paraMtu prajJApanAsUtra meM naraka ke jIvoM ke AhAra bhI nimna do prakAra se batAe haiM - 4. 100 ojolomaprakSepAhArANAmanyatamamAhAramAhArayatItyAhArakaH / itara anAhArakaH / --caturtha karmagrantha, svopajJa TIkA, pR. 142 87 oyAhArA jIvA savve apajattagA munneyvaa| pajjattagA ya lome pakkhe huMti bhaiyavvA / -pravacana sAroddhAra, gAthA 1181 goyamA! NeraiyANaM AhAre duvihe paNNate, taM jahA - (1) AbhogaNivvatie ya (2) aNAbhogaNivvattie ya tattha NaM je se aNAbhogaNitvatie, se NaM aNusamayamavirahie AhAraTTe samuppajjai For Personal & Private Use Only

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70 (1) Abhoga - nivartita (2) anAbhoga - nivartita 1. Abhoga - nivartita jo icchApUrvaka khAyA jaae| yaha AhAra paryAptAvasthA meM hI hotA hai, kyoMki 'maiM amuka padArtha khAU~' paryAptAvasthA meM hI ho sakatI hai| aisI icchA - 2. anAbhoga - nivartita jo khAne kI viziSTa icchA ke binA hI khAyA jAe, jaise-- varSA Rtu meM zItapudgaloM kA anAyAsa zarIra meM praveza honaa| yaha AhAra aparyAptA devoM meM hotA hai, kAraNa, usa samaya manaparyApti na hone se AhAra kI viziSTa icchA nahIM hotI hai| 89 jaina-granthoM meM AhAra ke vibhinna prakAroM ke antargata naraka ke jIvoM kA AhAra uSNatA evaM zItalatA ke AdhAra para cAra prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai 90 1. aMgAropama, 2. murmuropama 3. zItala aura 4. himazItala / tiryaMca jIvoM ke AhAra ko kaMkopama, vilopama, pANamAMsopama evaM pugasAMsopama ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| manuSyoM kA AhAra azana, pAna, khAdima aura svAdima ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai| yahI cAra prakAra kA AhAra manojJa evaM amanojJa ke AdhAra para ATha prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| 89 devoM ke AhAra ko varNAdi ke AdhAra para cAra prakAra kA batalAyA hai-- varNavAn, gaMdhavAn, rasavAn aura sparzavAn / jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva tattha NaM je se AbhogaNivvattie se NaM asaMkhejjasamaie saMtomuhuttie AhAraTThe samuppajjai / - prajJApanAsUtra, pa. 28, u. 1, sUtra - 1795 aTThavihe AhAropaNate, taM jahA sthAnAMgasUtra 4/4/340 1-4 maNe asaNe jAva sAime 1-4 aNuNe asaNe jAva sAime sthAnAMgasUtra 8, sUtra 623 caugaINa AhAra rUvaM (1) neraiyANa cauvvihe AhAre paNNate, taM jahA 1. iMgAlova 2. mumro 3. sItale 4. himasItale (2) tirikkhajoNiyANaM cauvvihe AhAre paNNate, taM jahA - 1. kaMkova 2. vilovame 4. puttamasovame (3) maNussANaM cauvvihe AhAre paNNate, taM jahA 1. asaNe 2. pANe (4) devANaM cauvvihe AhAre paNNate, taM jahA - 1 3. pANamaMsovaye - - 3. khAime 4. sAime For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 11 kSudhAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se AhAra ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane kI abhilASA AhAra-saMjJA hai| pratyeka jIva AhAra ko grahaNa karatA hai, kintu AhAra ko grahaNa karane kI tIvratA evaM maMdatA sabhI jIvoM meM alaga-alaga prakAra se pAI jAtI hai| isI tIvratA evaM maMdatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AhAra saMjJA ke cAra vikalpa (bhaMga) kahe gaye haiM - 1. AhAra karate bhI haiM aura AhAra-saMjJA bhI hai - sAmAnya saMsArI-prANI / 2. AhAra karate haiM, parantu AhAra-saMjJA nahIM hai - syogii-kevlii| 3. AhAra nahIM karate haiM, parantu AhAra-saMjJA haiM - vigrahagati ke jIva / 4. AhAra bhI nahIM karate haiM aura AhAra-saMjJA bhI nahI hai - mukta jiiv| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se AhAra-saMjJA kI vivecanA isa prakAra hai 1. dravya se - nAraka, tiryaMca evaM devagati ke sabhI jIvoM tathA AhAra-saMjJA kA parityAga karane vAle sAdhaka manuSya ke atirikta sabhI manuSyoM meM dravya se AhAra-saMjJA hai| 2. kSetra se - tInoM lokoM meM AhAra-saMjJA pAyI jAtI hai| 3. kAla se- sabhI jIvoM kI apekSA se AhAra-saMjJA anAdi anaMta 4. bhAva se - mohanIya sahavedanIya-karma ke udaya se AhAra-saMjJA utpanna hotI hai| tIvra, madhya evaM maMdatA ke anusAra AhAra-saMjJA ko tIna prakAra se vibhAjita kara sakate haiM - 1. tIvra- tandula matsya, 2. madhyama- manuSya deva, 3. maMda- sAdhaka jiiv| 1. vaNNamaMte 2. gaMdhamate 3. rasamaMte 4. phAsamaMte For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva tIvra AhAra-saMjJA vAlA jIva - 1. dravya se- vaha bhakSya-abhakSya kA vicAra nahIM karatA hai, mAtra ___ AhAra-saMjJA kI pUrti ke lie khAtA calA jAtA hai| 2. kSetra se- use kSetra kA bhI bhAna nahIM rahatA, maMdira aura anya pavitra sthAnoM para bhI khA letA hai| 3. kAla se- AhAra-saMjJA ati tIvra hone ke kAraNa vaha rAta aura . dina ke samaya kA dhyAna nahIM rakhatA hai| 4. bhAva se- ajJAna-bhAva evaM tIvra kSudhAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se yaha saMjJA utpanna hotI hai| vibhinna jIva-yoniyoM meM AhAra kA svarUpa - jisase dharma kI sAdhanA ho sakatI ho, usa zarIra kI prayatnapUrvaka rakSA karanA caahie| Agama-zAstra meM aisA kahA gayA hai - "ratnatrayarUpI dharma kA Adya sAdhana zarIra hai, isalie bhojana, pAna, zayana Adi ke dvArA zarIra kI rakSA karanA caahie| pratyeka prANI apane zarIra kA saMrakSaNa karane ke lie yogya pudgala arthAt AhAra ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| caurAsI lAkha jIva-yoniyoM meM sabhI jIvoM ke AhAra meM vibhinnatAeM pAI jAtI haiN| koI ghAsa khAtA hai, to koI mAMsa, koI jala grahaNa karatA hai, to koI mala, koI dAnA cugatA hai, to koI anna, isalie vibhinna jIvayoniyoM meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se AhAra meM bhI bhinnatA pAI jAtI hai| samasta sAMsArika-jIvoM ko bhavadhAraNIya zarIra kI apekSA se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - 1. vaikriya-zarIra, 2. audaarik-shriir| naraka aura deva, jo niyamataH vaikriyazarIradhArI haiM, ve vaikriyazarIra ke paripoSaNa yogya jina pudgaloM kA AhAra karate haiM, ve pudgala acit hote haiM, isalie AgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki nArakIya, bhavanavAsI, vANavyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika- ye sabhI ekAntataH acittAhArI haiN| inake 91 anagAradharmAmRta, adhikAra - 7/9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva atirikta ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke tiryaMca aura manuSya, jo audArika-zarIradhArI haiM, ve audArika-zarIra ke paripoSaNa- yogya pudgaloM kA AhAra karate haiN| ve tInoM hI prakAra ke AhAra, arthAt sacitAhAra, acitAhAra aura mizrAhAra karate haiN| naraka ke jIvoM kA AhAra - naraka ke jIvoM kA AhAra do prakAra kA hai - 1. Abhoga-nivartita 2. anAbhoga-nivartita icchApUrvaka kiyA huA AhAra Abhoga-nivartita evaM anicchApUrvaka kiyA huA AhAra anAbhoga-nivartita kahalAtA hai| anAbhoga-nivartita AhAra kI pravRtti pratisamaya naraka ke jIvoM meM utpanna hotI rahatI hai, kintu jo Abhoga-nivartita (upayogapUrvaka kiyA huA) AhAra hai, usa AhAra kI abhilASA asaMkhyAta samaya ke antarmuhUrta meM utpanna hotI hai| anAbhoga-nivartita AhAra bhavaparyanta pratisamaya nirantara hotA rahatA hai| yaha AhAra 'ojAhAra Adi ke rUpa meM hotA hai| Abhoga-nivartita AhAra kI icchA asaMkhyAta samaya-parimANa antarmuhUrta meM utpanna hotI hai| maiM AhAra karU~ ? isa prakAra kI abhilASA eka antarmuhUrta ke aMdara paidA ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki nArakoM kI AhAra kI icchA antarmuhUrta kI kahI gaI hai| ve nAraka jIva ananta-pradezI pudgaloM kA AhAra karate haiN| sAmAnyataH, nAraka jIva varNa kI apekSA se kAle aura nIle varNa vAle, rasa kI apekSA se tikta aura kaT rasa vAle, gandha kI apekSA se durgandha vAle tathA sparza kI apekSA se karkaza, guru, zIta .aura rUkSa sparza vAle azubha dravyoM kA AhAra karate haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki mithyAdRSTi nAraka jIva hI ukta kRSNavarNa Adi dravyoM kA AhAra karate haiM, kintu jo nAraka AgAmI bhava meM tIrthaMkara Adi hone vAle haiM, ve aise dravyoM kA AhAra nahIM karate haiN| bhavanapati Adi devoM kA AhAra - 92 prajJApanAsUtra 28, AhArapada, pR. 102 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva asurakumAra Adi bhavanapati devoM kA AhAra - ye varNa kI apekSA se pIta aura zveta, gandha kI apekSA se surabhi gandha vAlA, rasa kI apekSA se amla aura madhura, sparza kI apekSA se mRdu, laghu, snigdha aura uSNa pudgaloM kA AhAra karate haiN| stanitakumAra devoM taka ke sabhI devoM kA AhAra asurakumAroM ke samAna hI jAnanA caahie| vizeSa yaha hai ki asurakumAra Adi devoM ko bIca-bIca meM eka-eka dina chor3akara AhAra kI abhilASA hotI hai| asurakumAra trasanAr3I meM hI hote haiM, ataeva ve chahoM dizAoM se pudgaloM kA AhAra karate haiN| ekendriya jIva meM AhAra 93 pRthvIkAya, apakAya, teUkAya, vAyukAya aura vanaspatikAya -ye sabhI ekendriya jIva ke antargata Ate haiN| inheM mAtra sparzendriya hotI hai, ataH ye kavalAhAra nahIM karate, mAtra romAhAra karate haiN| pRthvIkAya pratisamaya nirantara AhAra karate haiN| nirvyAghAta kI apekSA se ye chahoM dizAoM se aura vyAghAta kI apekSA se tIna, cAra yA pA~ca dizAoM se AhAra lete haiN| pRthvIkAyika dvArA AhAra ke rUpa meM zubha anubhava yA azubha anubhava-rUpa pudgala grahaNa karate haiN| pRthvIkAyika jIvoM dvArA AhAra ke rUpa meM gRhIta pudgala sparzendriya ke rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki nArakoM ke samAna ekAnta- azubharUpa meM tathA devoM ke samAna ekAnta-zubharUpa meM unakA pariNamana nahIM hotA, kintu bAra-bAra iSTa aura kabhI anISTa ke rUpa meM unakA pariNamana hotA rahatA hai, yahI nArakoM se pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI vizeSatA hai| vikalendriya arthAt dvIndriya, trIndriya aura caturindriya jIvoM meM AhAra - dvIndriya se lekara caturindriya jIvoM kA AhAra do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai- lomAhAra aura prakSepAhAra (kvlaahaar)| dvIndriyAdi vikalendriya jIva lomAhAra ke rUpa meM jina pudgaloM ko grahaNa karate haiM, una sabakA pUrNa rUpa se AhAra karate haiM, kyoMki usa AhAra kA svabhAva hI vaisA hotA hai| 93 prajJApanA, pa. 28/1, sUtra-1807 vahI, 4. 28/1, sUtra -1919-1823 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jina pudgaloM ko ve prakSepAhAra ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM, unake asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kA hI AhAra kara pAte haiN| unameM se sahastrabhAga unake dvArA binA sparza kie, AsvAdana kie yoM hI vidhvaMsa ko prApta ho jAte haiM, kyoMki unameM se koI pudgala atisthUla (bar3A) hone ke kAraNa aura koI atisUkSma hone ke kAraNa unakA AsvAda nahIM le pAte haiN| paMcendriya, tiryaMca, manuSya, jyotiSkadeva, vANavyantara devoM meM AhAra - paMcendriya tiryaMca jIvoM kA AhAra trIndriya jIvoM ke samAna hI hotA hai, vizeSa yaha hai ki AhAra karane ke pazcAt bhI unheM jaghanya antarmuhUrta se aura utkRSTa se do dina chor3akara AhAra kI abhilASA utpanna hotI hai| manuSyoM kI AhAra sambandhI vyaktavyatA bhI isI prakAra hI hai, vizeSa yaha hai ki unakI Abhoganivartita AhAra abhilASA jaghanya antarmuhUrta meM hotI hai aura utkRSTa tIna dina vyatIta hone para utpanna hotI hai| jyotiSka devoM meM yaha AhAra kI abhilASA jaghanya aura utkRSTa se eka dina chor3akara hotI hai| vaimAnika devoM kI vyaktavyatA jyotiSka devoM ke samAna samajhanA cAhie, kintu vizeSa rUpa se Abhoganivartita AhAra kI icchA jaghanya se eka dina chor3akara aura utkRSTataH taiMtIsa hajAra varSoM meM hotI hai| khAdya-akhAdya-viveka - ... AhAra sabhI prANiyoM evaM manuSya ke jIvana ke astitva ke lie Avazyaka hai, kintu manuSya eka vivekazIla prANI hai, isalie use socanA hogA ki vaha kyA khAe aura kyA nahIM khAe ? jisa prakAra AhAra ke kama milane para zarIra zIghra hI durbala, kSINa aura kRza hone lagatA hai, usI prakAra AvazyakatA se adhika, abhakSya evaM jaMkaphUDa khAne se zarIra aneka rogoM se grasita bhI ho jAtA hai| pratyeka manuSya ke lie usake zArIrika-saMgaThana, dainika-zrama aura kAryabhinnatA ke anusAra AhAra kI bhI bhinna-bhinna parimANa meM AvazyakatA hotI hai| hamArA bhojana svAda ke lie na hokara svAsthya ke lie honA caahie| mahAtmA gAMdhI kahate the -'yadi hama AvazyakatA se adhika khAte haiM, to vaha corI kA khAte haiN|' Ayurveda-zAstra meM kSudhA ko eka svAbhAvika roga mAnA gayA hai| AhAra isa roga kI auSadhi hai, parantu logoM ne use auSadha na mAnakara rasanendriya kI tRpti kA sAdhana banA rakhA hai| bhUkha lage cAhe na lage, loga For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dina bhara kucha-na-kucha khAte hI rahate haiN| saMsAra meM do prakAra ke manuSya haiM, eka to ve, jo jIne ke lie khAte haiM aura dUsare ve, jo khAne ke lie jIte haiN| dUsare prakAra ke manuSyoM ko sadaiva khAne kI hI cintA rahatI hai| peTa bhara jAtA hai, para unakI icchA nahIM bharatI hai| dina bhara nAnA prakAra ke padArtha khAne meM hI unakA samaya vyatIta hotA hai| isa prakAra ke logoM kA jIvana bhArarUpa bana jAtA hai aura khAdaya-aviveka ke kAraNa ve kaI naI-naI bImAriyoM ko AmaMtrita karate haiN| bhojana kI mAtrA sImita rakheM - svastha rahane kI abhilASA sabhI jIvoM ko rahatI hai| jo rogoM se bacanA cAhatA hai, use AhAra kI mAtrA kA avazya dhyAna rakhanA caahie| jaba taka eka bAra kA grahaNa kiyA huA bhojana paca na jAe, taba taka punaH . nahIM khAnA caahie| koI padArtha isalie nahIM khAnA cAhie ki vaha bahuta svAdiSTa hai, yA usake khAne ke lie mana karatA hai, balki isa sambandha meM udara se parAmarza lenA Avazyaka hai| jisa samaya udara khAne kI anumati na de, usa samaya amRta ko bhI viSa ke samAna samajhakara tyAga denA caahie| bhAvaprakAza nAmaka vaidyakagraMtha meM kahA gayA hai -"AmAzaya ke do bhAga bhojana se aura eka bhAga pAnI se bharanA cAhie tathA cauthA bhAga vAyu-saMcaraNa ke lie khAlI chor3a denA cAhie / / 94 jisa prakAra bhUkha se adhika khAnA hAnikAraka hai, usI prakAra bahuta kama khAnA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| AvazyakatA se kama bhojana karane para durbalatA, glAni, anidrA-roga aura vAyu ke roga utpanna hote haiN| bhojana kI mAtrA ke lie koI taula niyata karanA ucita nahIM hai, AhAra kI mAtrA kA nirdhAraNa bhUkha ke AdhAra para yA daihika AvazyakatA ke AdhAra para karanA hI ThIka hai, ataH jitanA bhojana sukha se paca sake, utanA hI khAnA caahie| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki muni ko mAtrajJa honA cAhie, arthAt use bhojana kI mAtrA kA jJAna honA caahie| 94 kukSebhArgaddhayaM bhojostRtIye vAri puuryet|| vAyo saMcAraNArthAya caturthamavazeSayet / / - bhAvaprakAza 95 laddhe AhAre aNagAre mAyaM jANejjA, se jaheyaM bhagavayA paveiyaM - AcArAMgasUtra 1/5/113 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AhAra kA svAda evaM zarIra-saMrakSaNa - jIvana-yAtrA ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai| yadi mAnava AhAra ko grahaNa na kare, to vaha adhika samaya taka jIvana jI nahIM sakatA hai| ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ke lie; satya, kSamA Adi vratoM ke pAlana hetu mAnava kA jIvita rahanA Avazyaka hai aura jIvita rahane ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai, parantu AhAra kaisA, kaba, kitanA aura kisalie karanA cAhie, yaha viveka rakhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| mukhyataH, AhAra ke saMbaMdha meM tIna prakAra kI mAnyatAeM dekhI gaI haiM - 1. AhAra ke lie jIvana / 2. jIvana jIne ke lie yA svAsthya ke lie aahaar| 3. dharma-sAdhanA ke lie aahaar| sAmAnya mAnavoM kA mantavya hai ki AhAra bahuta hI svAdiSTa honA caahie| ve acche-se-acche miSThAnna, mirca-masAle, acAra-murabbe yukta svAdiSTa AhAra ko grahaNa karane meM Ananda kI anubhUti karate haiM, ataH unakA jIvana AhAra ke lie hI hai| dUsare prakAra ke vyaktiyoM kA yaha cintana hai ki AhAra meM svAda nahIM svAsthya pramukha honA cAhie, jo zarIra ko hRSTa-puSTa bnaae| phira vaha AhAra cAhe ubalA huA, kaccA, mirca-masAle se rahita, kaisA bhI kyoM na ho| mAtra svAsthya ke lie hI AhAra karanA caahie| tIsare prakAra ke AtmArthI sAdhakoM kA mantavya hai ki AhAra ke lie jIvana nahIM, kintu jIvana ke lie AhAra hai, isalie AhAra hitakArI, mitakArI aura pathyakArI ho, svAsthya aura dharma-donoM hI dRSTi se lAbhakArI ho| pAzcAtya saMskRti bhI isa bAta kA samarthana karatI hai - 'Sound mind lives in a sound body'. svasthya zarIra meM hI svasthya mana kA nivAsa hotA hai| gItA meM AhAra ke tIna prakAra batAe haiM - 1. tAmasika-AhAra, 2. rAjasika-AhAra 3. sAttvika-AhAra 96 AhArastvapi sarvasya trividho bhavati priyH| - gItA 16/7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva rAjasika-AhAra hamAre citta kI vRttiyoM ko ugra banAnevAlA hotA hai| tAmasika-AhAra kA adhika prayoga vyakti ko susta va nirutsAhI banAtA hai, para sAttvika AhAra hamAre cintana ko udAra, sahanazIla, vikasita aura pramudita banAtA hai| ____ adhika caTapaTe aura mirca-masAledAra AhAra karanevAlA vyakti adhikatara krodhI svabhAva vAlA ho jAtA hai| aise AhAra se usakI manovRtti kaSAyayukta ho jAtI hai, ata: adhika caTapaTe tAmasika-AhAra kA tyAga karanA caahie| . adhika cikanAIyukta gariSTha AhAra karane se zarIra kA moTApA bar3hane lagatA hai| adhika moTApA apane-Apa meM sabhI bImAriyoM kA ghara kahA gayA hai| ataH, zarIra ko custa rakhane ke lie jitanI mAtrA meM zarIra khAne ko pacA sake, utanA hI AhAra karanA caahie| AhAra kI gariSThatA nahIM, AhAra kI saMtulitatA uttama svAsthya ke lie kAraNabhUta hotI hai| sAttvika AhAra se svAsthya ke saMrakSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha mana kI zAnti, citta kI prasannatA evaM sahanazIlatA banI rahatI hai| zrImad bhagavadgItA meM kahA gayA hai - 'yoga usI vyakti ko duHkhamukta karatA hai, jisakA AhAra-vihAra, sonA-jAganA Adi kArya niyamita hote haiN|' bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bAra-bAra hamAre viveka ko jagAyA hai -"javaNaTThAe bhujijjA", "jIvana-yAtrA ko sukhapUrvaka calAne ke lie AhAra kro|" "mokkha sAhaNa heussa sAhudehasya dhaarnnaa|"97 'zarIra dhAraNa kA pavitra uddezya hai- mokss-saadhnaa| yadi AhAra meM viveka na rakhA gayA, to vaha mokSa kA sAdhana deha roga, pIr3A aura kleza kA ghara banane lagegA, ataH AhAra ko grahaNa karane ke pUrva AhAra-viveka ati Avazyaka hai| "aisA hita-mita bhojana karanA cAhie, jo jIvana-yAtrA evaM saMyama yAtrA ke lie upayogI ho sake aura jisase na kisI prakAra kA vibhrama ho aura na dharma kI bhrNsnaa||98 97 dazavaikAlikasUtra, gAthA 5/92 tahA bhottatvaM jahA se jAya mAtA ya bhavati naya ya bhavati vibhagoM, na bhaMsaNA ya dhmmss| praznavyAkaraNasUtra 214 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ___ jo manuSya hitabhojI, mitabhojI evaM alpabhojI haiM, unako vaidyoM kI cikitsA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| ve apane-Apa hI apane cikitsaka hote haiN|99 jo kAla, kSetra, mAtrA, AtmA kA hita, dravya kI gurutA-laghutA evaM apane bala kA vicAra kara bhojana karate haiM, unheM davA kI jarUrata nahIM rhtii| 100 kucha vastueM nizcita samaya meM khAnA amRtatulya hai, jaise-jyeSTha aura ASAr3ha mAsa meM namaka, zrAvaNa-bhAdrapada mAsa meM zuddha jala, Azvina-kArtika meM gAya kA dUdha, mArgazIrSa pauSa meM A~vale kA rasa, mAgha-phAlguna meM ghI aura caitra-vaizAkha meM gur3a amRta ke samAna hai|" zrIkhaMDa yA gorasa (kaccA dUdha, dahI, chAcha) ke sAtha khamaNa DhokalA, mUMga mogara kI dAla, bhujiyA, kar3hI, dAla vagairaha nahIM khAnA caahie| saMbodhaprakaraNa meM kahA gayA hai - sarva deza tathA sarvakAla meM sarva dvidalayukta kacce gorasa meM paMcendriya tathA nigoda ke jIva utpanna hote haiM, arthAt unameM pharamanTezana (sar3ana) utpanna hotI hai| ___ AiskrIma, cAkaleTa, biskiTa, zItalapeya(kolDaDriMksa) jaise kokAkolA Adi, jaMkaphUDa, zarAba-ye sabhI mAnasika, zArIrika aura dhArmika-dRSTi se akhAdya haiN| uparyukta sabhI vastuoM meM haDDiyoM kA cUrNa carbI Adi milAyA jAtA hai| inameM prayukta aisensa, jo kaI rAsAyanika prakriyAoM se nirmita hote haiM, svAsthya ke lie hAnikAraka haiM, ataH vivekapUrvaka ina khAdya-padArthoM kA tyAga karanA caahie| vyasana, arthAt burI Adata, jo isa bhava aura para bhava meM duHkha dene vAlI hai, jisameM pAna, guTakhA, supArI, pAna-masAlA, tambAkU Adi khAdima padArtha haiM, ve bhI zarIra ko nukasAna pahuMcAte haiN| ye kaiMsara, TI.bI., damA aura kaI asAdhya rogoM ko nimaMtrita karate haiM, isalie inakA tyAga karanA caahie| sigareTa, bIr3I, hukkA Adi ke mAdaka dhueM se inakA sevana karane "hiyAhArA miyAhArA, appAhArA ya je nraa| 'na te vijjA tigicchati, appANaM te timicchgaa||- oghaniyukti-578, AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI 100 kAlaM, kSetraM, mAtrAM, svAtmayaM dravya-gurUlAdhava svabalama jJAtvA yo'bhyavahArya, bhuDke kiM bheSa jaistasya / / - prazamarati 137 A. umAsvAti 101 varSAs lavaNamamRtaM / zaradi jalaM gopyshc"| hemanta zizire caamlkrsN| ghRtaM vasante gur3a shcaante| - kalpasUtra, hindI anuvAda zrI AnandasAgara sUrIzvara jI ma.sA., pR. 170 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vAle svayaM to rogI hote hI haiM, sAtha hI, parivAra aura paryAvaraNa ko bhI pradUSita karate haiM, isalie vivekapUrvaka ina sabhI cIjoM kA tyAga karanA caahie| anaMtakAya evaM bhakSyAbhakSya - mokSamArga meM aMtaraMga pariNAma pradhAna hote haiM, arthAt mokSamArga kI sAdhanA mana ke bhAvoM para Azrita hotI hai| jisa prakAra ke hamAre bhAva hoMge, vaisI hI hamArI pravRtti evaM gati hogii| bhAvoM kI uccatA evaM nimnatA kA eka kAraNa hamAre dvArA kiyA gayA AhAra hai, jo zarIra ke poSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha mana ke bhAvoM ko bhI prabhAvita karane kA kArya karatA hai| sAttvika AhAra jisa prakAra sAdhanA ke lie sahAyaka hai, vaise hI tAmasika evaM abhakSya AhAra mana ke bhAvoM meM vikRti paidA karate haiM, ataH ve sAdhanA ke mArga meM bAdhaka haiN| AhAra meM bhakSya-abhakSya kA viveka nahIM rakhane ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI zarIra rogoM se grasita hone lagatA hai aura manovikRtiyoM kA janma hotA hai, isIlie jainadarzana ke anusAra, abhakSya AhAra bhI mAMsAhAra kI taraha hI agrAhya hai, ataH usakA bhI tyAga karanA caahie| hameM AhAra-saMjJA meM yaha bhI viveka rakhanA cAhie ki kisa vastu ke bAda kyA khAyA jAe, anyathA bhakSya AhAra bhI khAdya-vastuoM ke krama kI aniyamitatA ke kAraNa abhakSya ho jaaegaa| Ayurveda ke mukhya grantha carakasaMhitA meM likhA hai -prANiyoM ke lie anna hI prANa hotA hai, kintu avidhiparvaka usakA sevana kiyA jAe to vahI prANoM ko naSTa karane vAlA viSa bana jAtA hai| vidhi, mAtrA evaM yuktipUrvaka ucita mAtrA meM khAyA gayA anna rasAyana kA kAma karatA hai| 102 abhakSya, arthAt jo khAne yogya na ho| jisameM pharamanTezana (Fermentation) kI saMbhAvanA ho, jinameM jIvotpatti tIvra gati se hotI ho, ve padArtha abhakSya kahalAte haiN| vastutaH, hama dekhate haiM ki kanda-mUla anantakAya vanaspati haiM, jinameM eka zarIra meM ananta jIvoM kA jIvana-cakra eka sAtha calatA hai| jaba unako pakAte haiM, khAte haiM, yA sukhAte haiM, to una sabhI jIvoM kA maraNa ho jAtA hai| yadi ubale AlU ko subaha se zAma taka 102 prANAH prANamRtAmannaM tadayuktA hinstyshn| viSaM prANaharaM tacca yukti yuktaM rasAyanam / / - carakasaMhitA 24/60 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva rakhate haiM, to usameM bhI pharamanTezana zIghratA se hone lagatA hai| jahA~ pharamanTezana hotA hai, vahA~ jIvotpatti nizcita rUpa se hotI hai| isI prakAra, koI bhI kaMda yA mUla abhakSya hai, kyoMki jainadarzana ke anusAra vaha jIvoM kA piNDa hai aura eka sAtha ananta jIvoM kA nAza dhArmika-dRSTi se ucita nahIM, para naitikatAsvarUpa hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki kaMda yA mUla paudhoM kA AdhAra aura AhAra- donoM haiN| jaba koI bhI kaMda yA mUla jamIna se nikAlate haiM, to vaha paudhA saMpUrNa rUpa se naSTa ho jAtA hai| inako khAne se usa paudhe kA hI nahIM, balki usakI prajAti ke bhI samApta hone kA bhaya rahatA hai| yaha ThIka vaisA hI hai, jaise eka strI kI hatyA meM jitanA doSa hotA hai, usakI apekSA eka garbhavatI strI kI hatyA meM aneka gunA doSa hotA hai, kyoMki usake garbha meM sthita bAlaka se jo vaMza-paramparA calatI, vaha pUrI taraha se naSTa ho jAtI hai, arthAt usake vaMza ko hI samApta kara diyA jAtA hai| phala ko tor3ane se bhI adhika pApa kopala (naI pattiyA~) ko tor3ane meM hai, kyoMki aisA karane se usa paudhe kI bar3hotarI (Progress) hI ruka jAtI hai| jar3a yA mUla (Root) ko khatma karanA, saMpUrNa rUpa se naSTa karanA hai| vastutaH, jahA~ pharamanTezana hotA hai, vahA~ jIvoM kI utpatti aura maraNa kA krama calatA hai| yaha dhyAna rakhanA hai - .. jIvotpatti jahA~ hai, vahA~ sabhI vastueM abhakSya haiN| kisI bhI bhakSya vastu meM jaba pharamanTezana prAraMbha ho jAtA hai, taba vaha abhakSya ho jAtI hai| jina cIjoM ke khAne se tamogaNa kI vRddhi hotI hai, hiMsA, roga, mUrchA, mRtyu Adi hone kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai, ve padArtha khAne yogya na hone se abhakSya kahe jAte haiN| jainadarzana meM vartamAna paramparA meM pracalita bAIsa prakAra ke abhakSya padArthoM kI sarvaprathama carcA hameM nemIcandrasUrikRta (bArahavIM zatI) pravacanasAroddhAra 103 meM prApta hotI hai| svopajJaTIkA meM isakA kucha vistRta varNana bhI pratipAdita huA hai| isake sAtha hI, zrAvaka ke 103 paMcabari cauvigaI hima visa karage ya savva maTTI ya rayaNI-bhoyaNagaM ciya bahuvIya aNaMta sNdhaannN|| cholavaDA vAyaMgaNa amuNianAmANi phulla-phalayANi tucchaphalaM caviya rasaM vajjaha vajjANi bAvIsaM / / - pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 4/245/46 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva aticArasUtra 104 meM bAIsa prakAra ke abhakSyoM kA bhI ullekha hai, jinakA tyAga zrAvaka evaM sAdhaka ko karanA caahie| ye bAIsa abhakSya nimna haiM - (1) vaTa (bar3a) vRkSa ke phala, (2) pArasapIpala aura pIpala ke phala, (3) pilakhaNa, (4) kaTuMbara, (5) gUlara Adi pAMca udaMbara phala, (6) madhu (zahada), (7) madirA, (8) mAMsa, (9) makkhana, (10) hima (barpha), (11) viSa (jahara), (12) olA, (13) saba prakAra kI miTTI, (14) rAtribhojana, (15) bahubIja phala, (16) anaMtakAya, (17) saMdhAna (acAra), (18) dahI, chAcha mizrita dvidala, (19) baiMgana, (20) ajJAta phala, (21) tuccha phala aura, (22) calita rs| bhakSya kA grahaNa evaM abhakSya kA tyAga kyoM ? bhakSaNa karane yogya padArthoM ko grahaNa karanA cAhie aura bhakSaNa nahIM karane yogya akhAdya-padArthoM kA tyAga karanA caahie| gAya se prApta dugdha zuddha hai, ataH bhakSya hai aura usakA mAMsa azuddha hai, ataH abhakSya hai| aisI hI vastu-svabhAva kI vicitratA hai, jaise maNidhara sarpa kI maNi grahaNa karane yogya hai aura usakA viSa mAraka hone se vipatti ke lie hotA hai, ataH vaha grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hai| mAMsa aura dUdha ke utpAdaka kAraNa samAna hone para bhI mAMsa heya hai, jabaki vidhipUrvaka evaM ahiMsaka-vRtti se gRhIta dUdha peya hai| _ vizeSataH, vegena-paramparA meM pAzcAtya deza ke loga dUdha ko bhI pazujanya hone ke kAraNa abhakSya mAnate haiM aura dUdha ke sthAna para soyAbIna ke pAuDara se bane dUdha kA upayoga karate haiN| jo dUdha se bane dahI, chAcha, makkhana, ghI kisI ko bhI grahaNa nahIM karate, ve vegena kahalAte haiN| madya, mAMsa, madhu Adi abhakSya haiM, kyoMki ina padArthoM se zarIra meM tAmasika pravRtti evaM mAdakatA bar3ha jAtI hai| 105 dUsare, ye hiMsAjanya haiN| prANI inheM grahaNa karane ke pazcAt apanA viveka kho dete haiM aura amAnavIya kRtya bhI kara baiThate haiM, kyoMki ina padArthoM ke sevana se unakI viveka-kSamatA kSINa ho jAtI hai| jitane bhI peya padArtha haiM, ve mAdakatA 104 pAkSika aticAra sAtaveM bhogopabhoga vrata meN| 105 madhu, madya navanItaM pizitaM ca mahAvikRtayastAH / valbhayante na vatina tadvarNA jntvsttr|| - puruSArtha siddhyupAya, zloka-71 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva pradAna karane vAle haiM, viveka-buddhi ko naSTa karane vAle haiM, yA viveka-buddhi para paradA DAla dene vAle haiN| 106 ve sabhI madya ke antargata Ate haiN| mAdaka padArthoM kA sevana naze kI avasthA kA pramukha kAraNa hai, jisameM sevana karane vAlA apanA hoza kho detA hai, isalie bhAMga, gAMjA, carasa, aphIma, sigareTa, bIr3I, tambAkU tathA tAr3I, vhiskI, brAMDI, zaimpena, jina, rama, porTa, bIyara Adi dezI aura videzI zarAba- ye sabhI mAdaka padArtha haiM, jo abhakSya haiM, sAtha hI madya isalie bhI abhakSya hai, kyoMki vaha vastuoM ko sar3Akara banAI jAtI hai| madirA banAne ke lie sar3Ane kI prakriyA hiMsAjanaka hai| zarkarAyukta padArtha, jaise- aMgUra, mahuA, jau, gehUM, makkA, gur3a Adi vastuoM ko sar3AyA jAtA hai, jisameM ananta ekendriya jIvoM kI utpatti ho jAtI hai| tatpazcAt, usa sar3e hue padArtha se zarAba banAI jAtI hai, jo abhakSya hI hotI hai| skandapurANakAra ne madyapAna ko sabhI pApoM se mahAn pApa mAnA hai| unhoMne kahA hai - 'eka ora tarAjU ke palar3e meM vedoM ko rakha do, dUsarI ora brahmacarya, to donoM barAbara hoNge| eka ora saMsAra ke sAre pApoM ko rakha do tathA dUsarI ora madirApAna, to donoM barAbara hoNge| isI prakAra, kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandrAcAryajI ne likhA hai - 'Aga kI nanhI sI cinagArI vizAlakAya ghAsa ke Dhera ko naSTa kara detI hai, vaise hI madirApAna se viveka, saMyama, jJAna, satya, zauca, kSamA Adi sabhI sadguNa naSTa ho jAte haiN| 108 kurAna zarIpha meM kahA gayA hai- "e ImAnavAle logoM zarAba, juA Adi nApAka haiN| ye zaitAna ke hathiyAra haiM, inase dUra rahoge, to hI tumheM jannata milegii|" isI prakAra, sabhI dharma-pravartaka dArzanika aura cintakoM ne madirApAna kI nindA kI hai aura use pApa kA mUla mAnA hai, isalie madirA ko abhakSya jAnakara usakA tyAga karanA caahie| madhu (zahada) madhumakkhiyoM kI jUThana, ugalana yA vamana hai| madhumakkhiyoM ke chattoM meM aneka sammurchana aNDe rahate haiN| ve saba komala 106 buddhi lumpati yad dravyaM madakAri tducyte| -vasunandI zrAvakAcAra -85 107 ekatazcaturovedA, brahmacarya tathaikataH / / ekataH sarvapApAni madyapAnaM tathaikataH / / -skandapurANa vivekaH saMyamo jJAnaM, satyaM zaucaM dayA kssmaa| madyAtana pralIyate sarva, taNyA vhinknnaadiv|| -yogazAstra -3/16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zarIra vAle hote haiM, jo zahada nikAlate samaya mara jAte haiM aura jaba unake zarIra kA rasa nikala jAtA hai, taba zahada bhI mAMsa ke samAna abhakSya ho jAtA hai| zahada meM sUkSma nigoda yA jIva, jinakA zarIra bhI rasarUpa hotA hai, niraMtara utpanna hote rahate haiM, jo sparza karane mAtra se maraNa ko prApta ho jAte haiN| auSadhi ke sAtha, athavA auSadhi ke rUpa meM, zahada kA prayoga karane para bhI jIvoM kI virAdhanArUpa hiMsA avazya hotI hai| zahada khAne para rasanAindriya kI lAlasA evaM kAmukatA bar3ha jAtI hai| isa prakAra, bhAvavikRti ke kAraNa bhI zahada abhakSya hai, isalie ahiMsA-dharma ke dhAraka ko madhu kA prayoga kabhI nahIM karanA caahie|109 bAsI roTI, pUr3I, breDa, pApar3a, mAlapuA, khIra, dAla, bhAta Adi khAdya-padArthoM meM jaba phaphaMda A jAtI hai, taba unameM ekendriya jIvoM kI utpatti ho jAne se ve abhakSya ho jAtI haiN| makkhana, jo ar3atAlIsa minaTa pUrva nikAlA gayA hai, usameM bhI asaMkhyAta jIvoM kI utpatti ho jAtI hai| ataH aise padArtha sevana karane yogya nahIM haiN| makkhana ko chAcha meM se nikAlakara, turaMta tapAkara ghI banA lenA cAhie, nahIM to vaha makkhana mAMsa khAne ke samAna mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki usameM jIvotpatti (pharamanTenzana) hotA kisI bhI padArtha kA acAra, cAhe Ama kA ho athavA nIMbU kA, athavA anya kisI bhI prakAra kA, jo namaka, mirca, jIrA, dhaniyA, rAI, ajavAina, sarasoM Adi DAlakara taiyAra kiyA hai, caubIsa ghanTe ke bAda usameM bhI aneka jIvotpatti ho jAtI hai, taba usameM vizeSa svAda Ane lagatA hai, acAra yA murabbA jitanA purAnA hotA jAtA hai, utanA hI rucikara lagane lagatA hai, cUMki vibhinna prakAra kI asaMkhyAta jIvarAzi usameM utpanna hotI rahatI haiM aura usI meM maraNa ko prApta hotI rahatI haiM, ataH ahiMsaka sAdhaka ko inakA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| isI prakAra se, kAMjI-bar3A Adi bhI asaMkhyAta jIvarAziyoM kA piMDa hone se abhakSya hai| 109 bhakSaNe bhavati hiMsA nityamudbhavaMti yjjiivraashiH| sparzane'pi mRyante sUkSmanigodarasajadehinaH / / 29 / / agade'pi na sevitavyaH hiMsAbhavati sevana kaale| bhAvevikRtAravalu pradAtAsukhamAbhAti kdaa|| 30||-upAsakAdhyayana, bhAga-4, gAthA-29, 30. For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vastutaH, ve sabhI vastueM, jinameM phaphUMda (khamIra) yA pharamanTezana svabhAvataH utpanna hotI haiM, abhakSya haiN| 110 bar3a, pIpala, uMbara, gUlara aura aMjIra - ye pAMca udambara phala kahe gaye haiM, ina phaloM ke bhItara sakAyika asaMkhyAta jIva nivAsa karate haiM / ina phaloM ko tor3ane para ye jIva sainyadala ke samAna andara se nikalakara bAhara Ate dikhAI dete haiM, ve prANI vikalendriya hote haiM / ina phaloM ko sukhAkara khAne para, athavA gIle hI pakva yA arddhapakva, kaise bhI khAne para ve jIva maraNa ko to prApta hote hI haiM, parantu isase dravyahiMsA kA doSa bhI lagatA hai| ina phaloM ko tor3akara dekhane para inheM koI bhI nahIM khA sakatA hai, kyoMki asaMkhyAta jIva rAzi- unameM se nikalane lagatI hai aura unameM pratisamaya jIva utpanna hote aura maraNa ko prApta hote rahate haiM / una mRtaka jIvoM kA kalevara bhI unhIM meM rahatA hai / ataH, ina pAMca prakAra ke phaloM ko bhI mAMsabhakSaNa sadRza abhakSya jAnakara inakA tyAga karanA cAhie / ' 111 bahubIja, baiMgana, ajJAta phala, tuccha phala evaM anantakAya bhI abhakSya haiN| jisameM bIja adhika hoM, jaise - khasakhasa, aMjIra Adi, inameM pratibIja eka jIva hone se inako khAnA * adhika jIvahiMsA kA kAraNa hai| baiMgana bahubIja, nidrAkAraka va kAmoddIpaka hone se abhakSya hai| jina puSpa - phaloM ko koI na jAnatA ho, unheM bhI kadApi nahIM khAnA cAhie, kyoMki ve mRtyu kA kAraNa bhI ho sakate haiN| jina phala, puSpa va pattoM meM khAnA thor3A aura pheMkanA adhika ho, ve tuccha phala kahalAte haiM, jaise- sItAphala, bilva Adi phala, araNi, mahuA, zigru Adi ke puSpa varSAkAla kI choTe-choTe kaMthura Adi se yukta bhAjI Adi bhI abhakSya haiN| ye sabhI abhakSya anantakAya evaM ananta jIvoM ke piNDa hone se abhakSya haiN| inake atirikta kaMdamUla bhI abhakSya haiM, kyoMki unameM eka hI zarIra meM aneka jIva rahate haiM / ve sabhI sAdhAraNa vanaspati kahalAte haiN| AlU, ratAlU, arabI, zakarakaMda, adarakha 112 110 rohikaudanApupaM puSpita navanItaM ca / saMghAnakaMcakAcikA madhumivaiva doSAni / / upAsakAdhyayana, adhyAya-4, gAthA 31 111 nigrodha pippala phalgu udambara pAkara phalAni ca bhakSaNe / prabhavati nitya hiMsA jIvAnAM karmakoSaM ca / / 32 / / phalAnA garbhe khalu jAtaM mRtaM nitya trasajIvAH / Alokyate kalevara mAsvAdane'pi bhavati hiMsA / / 33 / / upAsakAdhyayana, adhyAya-4, gAthA - 32, 33 jIvavicAra prakaraNa, gAthA 8 112 85 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ityAdi battIsa prakAra ke anaMtakAyoM meM pratyeka ke suI kI noMka ke barAbara khaNDa meM bhI anaMta jIva-rAzi hotI hai| inakA zarIra eka pratIta hotA hai, paraMtu usameM asaMkhyAta aura anaMta jIva hote haiM, vaha jIvoM kA sTora hAusa hai| "inako khAne vAloM ke dvArA vrata, upavAsa, yama, niyama, zIla, saMyama, devazAstra evaM guru kI kI gaI bhakti aura tIrthayAtrA- saba hI niSphala ho jAte haiN|"113 dvidala, arthAt jinakI do dAla hotI hai aura jinheM pelane para tela nikalatA hai, ve sabhI khAdya-padArtha dvidala haiN| dvidala se banI vastueM, jaise- dahIbar3e, gaTTe aadi| inheM binA ubale dahI chAcha ke sAtha khAnA abhakSya hai| inameM atizIghra khamIra uThane se jIvotpatti ho jAtI hai, ataH ye agrAhya haiN| calita rasa, jisakA svAda badala gayA ho, use calita rasa kahate haiM, vaha abhakSya hai, kyoMki yaha sar3ane yA jIvotpatti hone kA lakSaNa hai| yaha anubhavajanya hai ki pratyeka naI vastu purAnI hotI hai| samaya bItane ke sAtha vaha sar3ane, galane aura kharAba hone lagatI hai, ataH ve sabhI vastueM bhI abhakSya ho jAtI haiN| hara vastu kI avikRta avasthA meM rahane kI eka samayamaryAdA hotI hai| samaya bItane para ve bhI abhakSya ho jAtI haiN| zAstroM me kahA gayA hai -jisa vastu kA varNa, gaMdha, raMsa aura sparza badala jAtA hai, to calitarasa samajhakara use abhakSya mAnanA caahie| kitane hI padArtha eka rAta bItane para abhakSya bana jAte haiN| kaIM padArthoM kA svAda pandraha-bIsa dina meM parivartita hone lagatA hai aura kucha padArtha cAra-ATha mahIne taka bhI kharAba nahIM hote| aisI sabhI khAdya-sAmagriyoM kI samaya-maryAdA jAnakara, unako abhakSya mAnakara, unakA tyAga kara denA caahie| eka rAta bItane para abhakSya banane vAle padArtha - jina padArthoM meM namI kA aMza raha jAtA hai, ve sabhI padArtha eka rAta bItane para 'bAsI' kahalAte haiN| namI yA jalIya aMza padArtha ko thor3e samaya meM hI sar3A detA hai| pharnIcara ghara meM hai, vaha taba taka salAmata rahegA, jaba 113 A tIrthopavAsa saMyama tapadAnavratAni c| sevate kamdamUlAni ye vRkSA paMcagurU bhaanti|| - upAsakAdhyayana, 14/43 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 87 taka vaha gIlA na ho, usI taraha khAdya padArthoM meM jala yA namI kA aMza padArtha ko kharAba karane lagatA hai aura unameM jIvotpatti hone lagatI hai| rAta bItane para bAsI padArtha-114 roTI breDa dUdhapAka gulAbajAmuna kaccA mAvA parAThA raNapolI jI Adi bhajiyA bar3A DhokalA hAMDavA iiDalI DosA phacaurI-samosA jalebI khIra malAI bAsuMdI zrIkhaMDa haluA rasamalAI baMgAlI miThAI Adi sekA huA pApar3a pAnI vAlI caTanI zarabata kA esensa Adi kucha dinoM bAda abhakSya banane vAle padArtha - jainadarzana meM sUkhe padArthoM ke abhakSya hone kI eka samaya-maryAdA mAnI gaI hai| jina padArthoM ko seMkakara yA talakara banAte haiM aura jina padArthoM ko gAr3hI cAzanI banAkara taiyAra karate haiM, ve padArtha apanI pAka-paddhati ke kAraNa dIrgha samaya taka sar3ana se surakSita rahate haiM, aise padArthoM meM samaya-maryAdA mausama ke anusAra hotI rahatI hai| 714 risarca oNpha DAiniMga Tebala, AcArya hemaratnasUrijI, pR. 38 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva samaya-maryAdA, mausama ke anusAra-115 zizira kArtika zukla pUrNimA se phAlguna zukla caturdazI taka samaya-maryAdA- 30 dina grISma phAlguna zukla pUrNimA se ASAr3ha zukla caturdazI taka samaya-maryAdA - 20 dina varSA ASAr3ha zukla pUrNimA se kArtika zukla caturdazI taka samaya-maryAdA 15 dina padArtha - seMke hue baghAre hue padArtha cevar3A padArtha canA mamarA popakorna ATA khAkharA pakkI miThAI mohanathAla bUMdI ke laDDU tale hue padArtha seva gAThiyAM phApharA kar3aka mamarA cUrame ke laDDU motIcUra Adi pUrI namakIna uparyukta padArthoM kI samaya-maryAdA mausama ke anusAra sardI meM tIsa dina, garmI meM bIsa dina aura varSA meM pandraha dina kI batAI gaI hai| isa kAla ke bAda ve abhakSya ho jAte haiM, ataH usa sthiti meM unakA tyAga karanA caahie| 115 risarca oNpha DAiniMga Tebala, AcArya hemaratnasUrijI, pR. 38 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bahuta mahInoM bAda abhakSya banane vAle padArtha - kaI khAdya-padArthoM kA prAkRtika svarUpa hI aisA hotA hai ki ve cAra-ATha mahIne taka kharAba nahIM hote haiN| kaI padArthoM kI taiyAra karane kI paddhati itanI acchI hotI hai ki ve khAdya-padArtha lambe samaya taka cala sakate haiM, udAharaNa- pApar3a, bar3I, khIciyA, acAra aadi| uparyukta khAdya-padArtha samayAvadhi ke pUrva hI kisI kAraNavaza kharAba hote dikhAI deM, to abhakSya mAnakara unakA tyAga kara denA caahie| jainadarzana meM jo abhakSya kI carcA kI gaI hai, usake pIche kevala jIva-hiMsA kA hI kAraNa nahIM hai, apitu zArIrika ArogyatA, mAnasika-nirogatA aura bhAvanAoM kI zuddhatA kA bane rahanA ityAdi kAraNa bhI nihita haiN| jaise ki bahubIja vAlI vanaspatiyoM ko abhakSya mAnane ke pIche kAraNa hai ki bIja kaThora hotA hai, ataH supAcya nahIM hotA, isI prakAra, amaryAdita kAla kA bhojana bhI kabhI-kabhI viSAkta ho jAtA hai| barasAta meM dahI ko abhakSya kI zreNI meM mAnA gayA hai, isake pIche zarIra kI asvasthatA kA kAraNa hI pramukha hai| bemausama kI phala-sabjiyA~, kaI dinoM se kolDasToreja meM rakhe gae phala-sabjiyA~ Adi abhakSya ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra ke abhakSya padArthoM kA sevana karane para zArIrika, mAnasika evaM dhArmika-dRSTi se vyakti kA patana hotA hai| isake atirikta; barpha, AiskrIma, taMdUrI roTI, nAna, bAjArU ThaMDe peya, phAsTaphUDa, cAUmIga, maigI, pijjA, saoNsa, caTanI, bekarI-utpAda, kRtrima rUpa se pakAe gae phala, AlU, pyAja, lahasuna, sAbudAnA, kaTahala, baiMgana, phrIja meM rakhe khAdya padArtha abhakSya kI koTi meM Ate haiN| pharamanTezana se taiyAra kiyA gayA bhojana DosA, iDalI, khamana-DhokalA, miThAIyA~ tathA oNksiTosina iMjekzana lagAkara nikAlA gayA dUdha abhakSya ho jAtA hai| kaI patra-patrikAoM meM aMkurita anAja ko pauSTika batAkara sevana karane kA pracAra ho rahA hai, para aMkurita anAja bhI mAMsAhAra kI zreNI meM hone se isakA tyAga karanA caahie|" zramaNabhAratI samAcAra-patra. ghora hiMsA se bacAne heta - 16 agasta 2010 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isake atirikta, DaoN. nemIcaMdajI jaina kI dRSTi meM Adhunika yuga meM nimna padArtha bhI abhakSya kI koTi meM Ate haiM, kyoMki ina padArthoM kA nirmANa evaM sevana svAsthya, sabhyatA, saMskRti aura dharma ke lie hAnikAraka hai, nIce nirdiSTa kie jA rahe ina padArthoM kA pracalana vartamAna meM bar3hatA jA rahA hai, inake nAma isa prakAra haiM 1. AiskrIma 8. kArTijona 15.mAsTikevalsa .. 7. siremiksa krAkarI 2. insulina 3. eDrInelina 16.eMTIkekiMga ejenTa 17.espika 10. glisarIna 4. eMjAima 11. cIja 18.keraba goMda 5. emIlesa 6. eMbaragrIsa 12. jileTIna 13. TUthapesTa ___14. phUTelA 19. kailziyama klorAIDa 20.. kailziyama phaoNspheTa 21. kolesTerina ... 22. TesTosTerona 7. maska isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jaina-paramparA meM bhakSyAbhakSya ke saMdarbha meM gaharAI se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH, kyA khAeM, kaba khAeM aura kitanA khAeM isakA viveka Avazyaka hai| cikitsakoM kA aisA mAnanA hai ki adhikAMza bImAriyoM kA janma AhAra kA viveka nahIM rakhane se hI hotA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai -ati AhAra karane vAlA yoga-sAdhanA nahIM kara pAtA hai, kintu kevala mAtrA kA prazna hI mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| usake bAre meM bhakSyAbhakSya kA vicAra bhI utanA hI mahattvapUrNa hai| AhAra-sambandhI bhakSyAbhakSya ke vistRta vivecana kA sAra itanA hI hai ki jisa AhAra meM jIvoM kI utpatti ho gaI ho, yA tatkAla hone kI saMbhAvanA ho, vaise AhAra kA tyAga karanA caahie| AhAra-saMjJA ke vivecana meM AhAra ke sambandha meM mAtrA aura bhakSyAbhakSya kA vicAra Avazyaka hai| yaha vivekapUrvaka nirNaya lenA hogA ki 117 kyA na khAeM, kyA na pahine, kyA kAma meM na leM, DaoN. nemIcaMda jaina For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 91 kauna-sI vastu svAda ke lie bhale hI acchI ho, para svAsthya ke lie ThIka nahIM hai, aura usakA tyAga karanA caahie| bAIsa abhakSya aura rAtri bhojana bhI aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA kA nimitta hone se evaM svAsthya kI dRSTi se anupayukta hone ke kAraNa abhakSya kahA gayA hai| rAtribhojana - rAtri, arthAt sUryAsta se lagAkara dUsare dina ke sUryodaya taka kA smy| isa avadhi meM kiyA huA bhojana rAtri-bhojana ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| AhAra kaisA ho, isake sAtha hI yaha tathya bhI bahuta mahattva rakhatA hai ki AhAra kisa samaya kiyA jAe, kyoMki asamaya meM kiyA gayA mahAn kArya bhI nirarthaka ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra bAriza hone ke bAda kheta ko jotanA, sUryodaya hone ke pazcAt dIpa jalAnA aura rogI ke maraNa ke bAda vaidya kA pahuMcanA Adi vyartha haiM, usI prakAra sUryAsta ke bAda bhojana karanA mAnasika, zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika -tInoM dRSTiyoM se ucita nahIM hai| sUryAsta ke bAda kiyA gayA bhojana zarIra ke lie ahitakara bana sakatA hai, kyoMki bhojana pacAne meM bhI zrama kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| dina jAgaraNa arthAt zrama karane ke lie hai, to rAta nidrA arthAt ArAma karane ke lie hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, dina zrama hai, to rAtri vizrAma hai| sUryAsta ke bAda bhojana grahaNa karane se zarIra ko adhika zrama karanA par3atA hai| jisa prakAra sUrya kA prakAza pAkara vRkSa apanA bhojana banAte haiM, kamala sUryodaya hone para khilatA hai aura sUrya ke asta hone para sikur3a jAtA hai, usI prakAra jaba taka sUrya kA prakAza rahatA hai, taba taka usakI garma kiraNoM ke prabhAva se hamArA pAcana- tantra ThIka se kAma karatA hai aura sUrya ke asta hote hI usakI gatividhi manda par3a jAtI hai, isake sAtha hI, rAtri-bhojana se jIva-hiMsA aura aneka rogoM kI saMbhAvanA bar3ha jAtI hai, ataH rAtri-bhojana kA tyAga karanA caahie| bhojana kaba kareM - yaha cintana kA viSaya hai ki bhojana kaba kareM ? vaidyaka-zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki jaba jaTharAgni prabala ho aura khUba acchI bhUkha lage, taba For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hI bhojana karanA cAhie / bhUkha kA saMbaMdha hamArI AdatoM para nirbhara karatA hai | jaisI hama Adata DAlate haiM, usa samaya hameM bhUkha lagane lagatI hai, ataH hameM bhojana karane kI aisI Adata DAlanA cAhie, jaba AmAzaya, painkriyAja apekSAkRta adhika sakriya hoM / prAtaHkAla sUryodaya ke lagabhaga eka-do ghaMTe pazcAt AmAzaya evaM AmAzaya ke sahayogI pUraka aMga, arthAt penkriyAja Adi prakRti se adhika prANa - UrjA milane se adhika sakriya hote haiM, ataH mukhya bhojana kA sabase zreSTha samaya isake bAda hI honA caahie| isa prakAra, sUryAsta ke bAda AmAzaya evaM penkriyAja prakRti meM prANa UrjA kA pravAha kama hone se niSkriya ho jAte haiM, usa samaya kie gae AhAra kA pAcana saralatA se nahIM hotA hai, ataH usa samaya bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie / 92 118 jainadarzana meM rAtribhojana - niSedha kI mAnyatA hai| rAtri meM bhojana karane se aneka sUkSma prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, kyoMki manuSya una choTe-choTe prANiyoM ko dekha nahIM paataa| isake alAvA, choTe-choTe kucha jIva aise bhI hote haiM, jo rozanI dekhakara svataH dIpaka Adi kI lau kI ora AkarSita hote haiM tathA jalakara bhasma ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra, rAtri meM bhojana karanA hiMsA ko bar3hAvA denA hai| 19 dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu sUryAsta ke bAda tathA sUryodaya ke pahale azanAdi cAroM prakAra ke AhAroM ko mana se bhI tyAga de, yAnI inake upabhoga kI icchA mana se bhI na kare / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zramaNa - jIvana ke kaThora AcAra kA nirUpaNa karate hue spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki prANAtipAta, virati Adi pA~ca sarvaviratiyoM ke sAtha hI rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA cAhie / isa vrata kA pAlana bhI mahAvratoM kI taraha hI dRr3hatA se kiyA jAtA hai| rAtribhojana-tyAga ko dazavaikAlika kI agastyasiMha cUrNi 22 meM mUlaguNoM kI rakSA kA hetu batAyA gayA hai, isalie rAtribhojana - viramaNa ko mUlaguNoM ke 120 121 118 119 se vAriyA itthi sarAyabhattaM dazavaikAlikasUtra - 6 /23-26 120 atthaMgayammi Aicce purattha ya aNuggae / AhAramAiyaM savvaM maNasA vi na patthae / / 127 21 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, madhukaramuni, 116 / 379 vahI 8/28 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 19/31 kiM rAtIbhoyaNaM mUlaguNaH uttaraguNa ? uttaraguNa evAyaM / tadyapi savvamUlaguNarakkhA hetutti mUlaguNa sambhUtaM paThijjati / / For Personal & Private Use Only agastyacUrNi, pR. 65

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sAtha hI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM likhA hai ki rAtribhojana nahIM karane se ahiMsA-mahAvrata kA saMrakSaNa hotA hai| 123 jaina-paramparA meM to rAtribhojana-varjana kA spaSTa Adeza hai| prAcIna evaM arvAcIna jaina-granthoM ke sAtha hI vaidika-paramparA ke graMthoM meM bhI rAtribhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| rAtribhojana-tyAga ahiMsA kI kasauTI hai| isa kAraNa rAtribhojana-niSedha kI bAta kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM vibhinna dharma granthoM meM milatI hai| mahAbhArata24 meM spaSTa ullekha hai - madyamAMsAzanaM rAtribhojanaM . kandabhakSaNaM ye kurvInti vRthA teSAM tIrthayAtrA jatastapaH / / arthAta; rAtribhojana, madyapAna, mAMsAhAra evaM kandabhakSaNa meM jo hiMsA hotI hai, isake kAraNa japa, tapa aura tIrthayAtrA Adi saba vyartha ho jAte haiN| usako naraka kA prathama dvAra batAyA gayA hai| 125 mArkaNDeya RSi ne rAtribhojana ko mAMsAhAra ke samAna kahA hai| sUryAsta ke bAda anna, mAMsa aura jala rakta jaisA ho jAtA hai| 126 jo sUryAsta se pUrva bhojana kara letA hai, vaha mahAn puNya kA upArjana karatA hai| eka bAra bhojana karane vAlA agnihotra jitanA phala prApta karatA hai aura jo sUryAsta se pahale bhojana karatA hai, vaha tIrthayAtrA ke phala ko prApta karatA hai| yadi kisI ke ghara meM svajana kI mRtyu ho jAe, to kitane hI dinoM taka usakA sUtaka rahatA hai, phira sUrya asta ho jAne para bhojana kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai|127 rAtribhojana se paraloka meM vividha prakAra ke kaSTa bhogane par3ate haiN| jo rAtri meM bhojana karatA hai, vaha agale janma meM ullU, kauA, billI, 123 vizeSAvazyakabhASya - gAthA 1247 vRti 124 mahAbhArata (RzIzvara bhArata) catvAro narakadvArA, prathama rAtribhojanam parastrIgamanaM caiva sndhaanaantkaayike|| - rAtribhojana mahApApa, pR. 25 126 astaMgate divAnAthe, Apo rudhirmucyte|| annaM mAMsasamaM proktaM mArkaNDeya mhaarssinnaa| - mArkaNDapurANa 127 mRte svajana mAtre'pi, sUtakaM jAyate kila aste gate divAnAthe, bhojanaM kriyate katham ? --mArkaNDapurANa For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva giddha, zaMbara, sUara, sarpa, bicchU, goha Adi kI nikRSTa yoni meM janma grahaNa karatA hai, ataH samajhadAra aura vivekIjanoM ko rAtribhojana kA tyAga avazya karanA cAhie / | 128 jo bhavya AtmA hamezA ke lie rAtribhojana kA tyAga karatA hai, usa tyAgI ko AdhI umra ke upavAsa kA phala prApta hotA hai| 129 rAtri meM jo doSa lagate haiM, ve doSa (dina ke samaya ) aMdhere meM bhojana karane se bhI lagate haiN| kyoMki andhakAra meM sUkSma jIva dikhAI nahIM dete haiM, isalie rAta ko banAyA gayA bhojana dina meM grahaNa kiyA jAe, to bhI vaha rAtribhojana tulya hI mAnA gayA hai| 94 paM. AzAdharajI ne 'sAgAradharmAmRta 130 meM rAtribhojana - tyAga ke viSaya meM likhA hai| ahiMsAvrata kI rakSA ke lie evaM mUlaguNoM ko nirmala karane ke lie dhIra vratI ko mana, vacana aura kAyA se jIvanaparyanta ke lie rAtri meM cAroM prakAra ke bhojana kA tyAga karanA caahie| isI prakAra, ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM rAtribhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| AcArya haribhadra, hemacandra, devasena, cAmuNDarAya, vIranandI Adi sabhI zvetAmbara - digambara AcAryoM ne rAtribhojana- tyAga ko mahAvratI kI rakSA ke lie Avazyaka mAnate hue use chaThavAM aNuvrata mAnA hai| cAhe pUjyapAda akalaMka vidyAnanda zrutasAgara Adi tattvArthasUtra ke kucha vyAkhyAkAra rAtribhojana - viramaNa-vrata ko chaThavAM vrata yA aNuvrata na mAneM, tathApi sabhI ne rAtribhojana ke doSoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai aura isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki rAtribhojana zramaNa ke lie evaM sAdhaka-zrAvaka ke lie sarvathA tyAjya hai / bauddha dharma meM bhikSuoM ke lie vikAla bhojana (dina ke bAraha baje ke pazcAt se lekara dUsare dina 131 132 133 1 128 (ka) ulUkakAkamArjAra, gRddha saMbarazukarAH yogazAstra, 3/67 (kha) umAsvAti zrAvakAcAra, 329 (ga) zrAvakAcArasAroddhAra 118 uddhRta- zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, bhAga-3 129 karoti viratiM dhanyo, yaH sadA nizi bhojanAt yogazAstra 3/69 soDava~ purUSAyuvrakasya, syAdavazyamupoSitaH / / ahiMsAvrata rakSArtha mUlavrata vizuddhave / naktaM bhuktiM caturdhA'pi sadA dhIrastridhA vyajet / - sAgAradharmAmRta se uddhRta, 4 / 24 131 sarvArthasiddhi, 7/1 TIkA, pR. 343-44 132 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 7/1 TIkA, bhAga-2, pR. 534 133 tattvArthavArtika - 7 / 1 TIkA, pR. 5-458 134 tattvArthavRtti - 7/1 130 ahivRzcika godhAzca jAyante rAtribhojanAt / / , For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sUryodaya ke pUrva taka kA samaya vikAla mAnA gayA hai|) evaM rAtribhojana ko tyAjya batAyA gayA hai| 135 isa prakAra, sabhI dharmazAstroM meM rAtribhojana ko hiMsAtmaka mAnakara usakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| vaijJAnika dRSTi se rAtribhojana-niSedha - jahA~ taka dhArmika mAnyatA kA prazna hai, usameM rAtribhojana kA hiMsAdi kAraNoM se niSedha kiyA gayA hai, paraMtu rAtribhojana yogazAstra, Ayurveda aura vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa se bhI hAnikAraka hai| cikitsA-zAstriyoM kA abhimata hai ki kama se kama sone ke tIna ghaNTe pUrva bhojana kara lenA caahie| jo loga rAtri meM bhojana karate haiM aura bhojana ke turanta bAda so jAte haiM, unake zarIra meM jala, prANavAyu aura sUrya ke prakAza ke abhAva ke kAraNa AhAra sucArU rUpa se pacatA nahIM hai, jisase aneka rogoM kA janma hone lagatA hai| __ sUrya ke prakAza meM kevala prakAza hI nahIM hotA, apitu kITANunAzaka tathA jIvanadAyinI-zakti bhI hotI hai| sUrya ke prakAza se hamAre pAcana taMtra kA gaharA saMbaMdha hai| sUrya kI rozanI se zarIra meM roga-pratirodhaka zakti bar3hatI hai| bhAratIya Ayurveda kA abhimata hai ki zarIra meM do pramukha kamala hote haiM, hRdayakamala aura nAbhikamala / 136 jisa prakAra kamala sUryodaya ke sAtha khilatA hai aura sUryAsta ke sAtha baMda ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra jaba taka sUrya kA prakAza rahatA hai, taba taka usameM rahane vAlI sUrya-kiraNoM ke prabhAva se hamArA pAcanataMtra bhI ThIka kAma karatA hai| sUrya ke asta hote hI usakI gatividhi maMda par3a jAtI hai| sUryAsta hone ke bAda bhojana karane se svAsthya para bahuta prabhAva par3atA hai, isalie rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA caahie| jisa prakAra cUlhe para rakhI huI vastu ko jaba agni kI garmI milatI hai, tabhI vaha pakatI hai, usI prakAra hamAre AmAzaya meM jo bhojana hama DAlate haiM, vaha bhI peTa kI uSNatA (jaTharAgni) ke kAraNa aura sUrya kI rozanI ke kAraNa hI pacatA hai| 135 majjhimanikAya kITAgiri - sutta 70 hannAbhipadmasaMkoca caNDarocirapAyataH / ato naktaM na bhoktavyaM suukssmjiivaadnaadpi|| - yogazAstra, 3/60 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hameM yaha pratyakSa anubhava hai ki sUrya ke prakAza meM jo vizeSatA hai, vaha vidyuta ke prakAza meM nahIM hai, cAhe vaha kitanA hI tIvra aura camacamAtA kyoM na ho| sUrya kI rozanI meM hI paudhe apanA bhojana banAte haiM, jauharI dvArA hIroM kA parIkSaNa bhI sUrya kI rozanI meM hotA hai, usI prakAra sUrya ke rahate bhojana karate haiM, to vaha svAsthya ke lie lAbhadAyaka hotA hai / 96 jisa prakAra prANavAyu oNksIjana ( O 2 ) zrama kI thakAna miTAne ke lie Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra prANavAyu pAcana ke lie bhI Avazyaka hai / rAtri meM kArbanaDAyaoNksAiDa (CO2) kI mAtrA adhika bar3ha jAtI hai, jisase rAtri meM bhojana kA pAcana karane meM adhika zrama karanA par3atA hai, isalie rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA cAhie / isake atirikta aba to vaijJAnika- khoja se yaha nizcita ho gayA hai ki sUrya ke prakAza meM Infra - Red tathA Ultra - Violet- do prakAra kI kiraNeM hotI haiM, inameM se eka prakAra kI kiraNa vAtAvaraNa meM upasthita sUkSma jIvANuoM kA vinAza karatI hai, yaha lAbha rAtri ke samaya nahIM mila pAtA hai, ataH vaijJAnika - dRSTi se bhI rAtribhojana ucita nahIM hai| 137 jo rAtri meM bhojana karate haiM, unheM jaisI cAhie, vaisI gaharI nidrA nahIM AtI, ve yA to rAtri meM idhara-udhara karavaTeM badalate rahate haiM, yA svapna - saMsAra meM gote lagAte haiN| nidrA kI isa asta-vyastatA kA mUla kAraNa peTa meM par3A huA AhAra hai, kyoMki bhojana pacAne ke lie zarIra ko adhika zrama karanA par3atA hai / zarIra kI sArI UrjA bhojana ko pacAne meM hI lagatI hai, isa kAraNa gaharI nIMda nahIM AtI hai / uThate samaya aise vyakti ke cehare para bhI tarotAjagI nahIM hotI hai| bahuta se jana rAtri meM DrAyaphruTa Adi khAte haiM, parantu sUkhe padArthoM kA AhAra bhI pAcana ke lie vaisA hI hAnikAraka hai, jaisA anya padArthoM kA AhAra / rAtri meM dera se AhAra karane para usake pAcana hetu bAra-bAra pAnI pInA hotA hai| bAra-bAra pAnI pIne para mUtra - visarjana hetu bAra-bAra uThanA hotA hai, isase bhI gaharI aura pUrNa nidrA nahIM ho pAtI hai, ataH dina bhara anyamanaskatA banI rahatI hai / ataeva, rAtribhojana tyAjya hai / 137 jaina AcAra: siddhAMta aura svarUpa, pR. 872-73 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva rAtribhojana dhArmika, AdhyAtmika aura svAsthya - sabhI dRSTiyoM se hAniprada hai| atIta-kAla se lekara varttamAna yuga ke vaijJAnika bhI rAtribhojana ko ucita nahIM maante| bhale hI paristhitivaza unheM karanA par3atA hai| Adhunika sabhyatA meM loga 'Dinara' ke nAma para rAtribhojana ko mahattva dete haiN| zAdI, pArTI aura bar3e-bar3e kAryakrama meM rAtribhoja rakhate haiM, para yaha AdhyAtma aura zArIrika- donoM dRSTiyoM se anucita hai| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM hI nahIM, caraka aura suzruta jaise Ayurveda ke granthoM meM bhI rAtribhojana se hone vAlI hAniyoM kA ullekha hai, ataH jainadarzana kA kahanA hai ki sAdhaka ko rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA caahie| jainadarzana kA bhakSya - abhakSya viveka aura usakI prAsaMgikatA jIvanayAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai| jainadarzana meM pratyeka prANI meM cAra saMjJAoM kI sattA mAnI gaI hai AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura prigrh| inameM bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha - ina tIna saMjJAoM ko to manaHsthiti para aMkuza lagAkara upazAnta kara sakate haiM, parantu AhAra saMjJA kI pUrti to jIva ke jIvana-nirvAha ke lie ati Avazyaka hai, ataH AhAra kI pUrNatayA upekSA saMbhava nahIM hai| phira bhI, manuSya ko vivekazIla prANI kahA gayA hai. (Man is a rational animal) / pAzcAtya - dArzanika arastu ne manuSya ko eka vivekazIla yA vicArazIla prANI batAyA hai| manuSya cintana aura viveka ke dvArA yaha jAna sakatA hai ki kaunasI vastu khAne lAyaka hai aura kaunasI nahIM ? yadi vaha aisA nahIM karatA hai, to vaha pazutulya samajhA jAtA hai| khAdya vastueM to saMsAra meM hajAroM haiM, para kaunasI vastueM hamAre jIvana ke lie yA hamAre svAsthya ke lie upayukta haiM, yA khAdya haiM, isakA nirNaya to hama apane viveka ke dvArA hI kara sakate haiN| jo AhAra hamAre vicAroM ko, zarIra ko svAsthya ko nukasAna pahuMcAtA hai, vaha cAhe svAdiSTa bhI ho, phira bhI vaha hamArA khAdya nahIM ho sktaa| vivekapUrvaka hameM usakA tyAga karanA cAhie / zuddha, sAttvika aura zAkAhArI bhojana hI manuSya kA khAdya hai| use usakA upayoga kara apane jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI zuddhi karanA cAhie / 138 138 AhAra nidrA bhaya maithunanca, samAnyametat pazubhirnarANAm / jJAno hi teSAmadhiko vizeSo, jJAnena hInAH pazubhi samAnAH / / For Personal & Private Use Only dharma kA marma, pR. 38 97

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AhAra manuSya-jIvana ke astitva ke lie Avazyaka hai, kintu manuSya eka vivekazIla prANI hai, isalie use yaha socanA hogA ki vaha kyA khAe aura kyA nahIM khAe? pazu-jagat evaM vanaspati-jagat kA AhAra usakI apanI zArIrika saMracanA ke AdhAra para prAkRtika rUpa se hI nirdhArita hotA hai, ataH unake lie yaha vicAra Avazyaka nahIM hai ki ve kyA khAeM aura kyA na khAeM? yaha prazna kevala manuSya ke saMdarbha meM hI khar3A hotA hai ki vaha kyA, kaba aura kitanA khAe? manuSya ke saMdarbha meM zAkAhAra aura mAMsAhAra ke bIca nirNaya karane se pahale hameM yaha dekha lenA hogA ki prakRti ne manuSya kI zArIrika saMracanA kisa prakAra kI banAI hai| usake AdhAra para hI hameM yaha nirNaya karanA hogA ki usakA AhAra kyA ho sakatA hai? yadi hama zAkAhArI aura mAMsAhArI prANiyoM kI zArIrika saMracanA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to mAnava ke dA~toM aura A~toM kI zArIrika saMracanA use eka zAkAhArI prANI hI siddha karatI hai| mAMsAhArI prANiyoM ke dA~ta nukIle hote haiM, tAki ve apane khAdya ko phAr3a sakeM, jabaki zAkAhArI prANiyoM ke dA~toM kI banAvaTa aisI hotI hai ki ve apane khAdya ko cabA skeN| mAMsAhArI prANiyoM ke paMje evaM nakha bhI aise hote haiM, jisase ve apane zikAra ko phAr3a sakeM, jabaki zAkAhArI prANiyoM ke paMje aura nakha mAtra pakar3ane ke yogya hote haiM, phAr3ane ke yogya nahIM hote| mAnava kI A~toM kI banAvaTa aura usameM amla Adi kI utpatti bhI zAkAhArI pazuoM ke samAna hI hotI hai| prAkRtika rUpa se to yahI siddha hotA hai ki manuSya kI daihika-saMracanA zAkAhArI hai| eka manuSya zAkAhAra para apanA pUrA jIvana nikAla sakatA hai, kintu Aja taka koI bhI manuSya pUrNataH mAMsAhArI-jIvana nahIM jiyA hai| jo rASTra aura samAja mAMsAhArI haiM, vahA~ bhI unake AhAra kA sATha pratizata bhAga to zAkAhAra hI hotA hai| ataH manuSya ke lie zAkAhAra prAkRtika AhAra hai aura mAMsAhAra prakRti-virUddha AhAra hai|39 vastutaH, zAkAhAra eka samyaka jIvanazailI hai| jIvana jIne kI eka sahayogapUrNa aura sahaastitvapradhAna paddhati hai| yaha aisI jIvanazailI hai, jo prakRti ke saMtulana ko banAe rakhate hue manuSya ko eka acchA mAnava banAne ke lie prayAsarata hai| 139 ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 61 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 'zAka' zabda saMskRta kI 'zak' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai - yogya honA, samartha honA, sahaja honA / zak dhAtu 'zaknoti' Adi rUpoM se bhI calatI hai, ataH usakA eka artha bala, zakti, parAkrama, yogya honA bhI hai| isa prakAra, 'zAkAhAra' kA vAcyArtha huA aisA AhAra, jo manuSya kI yogyatAoM kA vikAsa kare aura use balazAlI tathA parAkramI banAe / ' sAmAnyataH, zAkAhAra meM ye do zabda sammilita haiM zAka aura AhAra / zAka se Azaya sAgapAta, tarakArI phala Adi hai aura AhAra kA abhiprAya roTI, cAvala Adi se hai| jisa prakAra dIrgha jIvana ke lie zuddha jala, zuddha vAyu Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra usake lie bhojana bhI Avazyaka hai| 140 ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.64 141 ime vai mAnavAH loke nRzaMsA mAMsa gRddhinaH / visRjya vidhimAn bhakSyAn mahArakSo gaNa iva / / anuzAsana parva vastutaH, jainadarzana meM bAIsa abhakSya aura rAtribhojana, madya - mAMsa Adi ko tyAjya batAyA hai, kyoMki "mAMsAhAra kA sIdhA saMbaMdha krUravRtti ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| mAMsAhAra aura krUratA sahagAmI haiM / karuNA ko samApta kie binA hama mAMsAhAra ke himAyatI nahIM bana skte| karuNA mAnava-jIvana kA eka aisA Avazyaka tattva hai, jisake abhAva meM manuSya eka dariMdA yA eka hiMsaka - pazu se bhI badatara bana jAtA hai| mAMsAhAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa manuSya ke jIvana meM barbaratA kA vikAsa hotA hai| phalataH, saMvedanazIlatA aura karuNA samApta ho jAtI hai| yadi mAnava meM saMvedanazIlatA aura karuNA ke tattva ko jIvita rakhanA hai, to hameM mAMsAhAra kA tyAga karanA hogaa|" 140 saMjJAe~ manuSya kI mUlavRttiyA~ haiM aura mAMsAhAra unheM ukasAne kA kArya karatA hai, ataH zAkAhAra aura mAMsAhAra ke bIca cunAva karane se pUrva manuSya ko yaha nizcaya kara lenA cAhie ki vaha mAnava-jAti meM sukha, zAnti, samRddhi, saMvedanazIlatA, samatA Adi sadguNoM ko jIvita rakhanA cAhatA hai, yA phira hiMsA, tanAva, yuddha, krUratA Adi ko apanI virAsata ke rUpa meM chor3anA cAhatA hai / "jo mAnava uttama zAkAhArI padArthoM ko chor3akara ghRNita mAMsAhAra kA sevana karatA hai, vaha sacamuca rAkSasa kI taraha hI hai| 141 jo mAnava jIvoM kA vadha karake unake mAMsa ke dvArA pitaroM ko tRpta karatA hai, vaha mUrkha surabhita caMdana ko jalAkara usakI - 99 -- For Personal & Private Use Only yudhiSThira - bhIma saMvAda, mahAbhArata,

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100 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva rAkha se apane zarIra para lepa karane kA kAma karatA hai|42 jo mAnava saba prANiyoM para dayA karatA hai aura mAMsabhakSaNa kabhI nahI karatA hai, vaha na to kisI prANI se DaratA hai aura na unheM DarAtA hai| vaha dIrghAyu, nirogI aura sukhI jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| 143 jihvA ke kSaNika svAda ke lie, yA apane peTa kI pUrti ke lie niraparAdha, mUka aura abodha prANiyoM kI hatyA karanA ghora pApa hai, aisI hiMsaka-vRtti ke manuSyoM ko svapna meM bhI sukha, zAnti kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| jo rasa meM, svAda meM, Asakta hotA hai, vaha akAla meM hI vinAza ko prApta ho jAtA hai, jaise - mAMsa ke lobha meM phaMsI machalI macchImAra ke kAMToM meM phaMsakara apane prANa gaMvA detI hai| 44 - AcArya manu ne kahA hai ki jIvoM kI hiMsA ke binA mAMsa upalabdha nahIM hotA aura jIvoM kA vadha kabhI svarga pradAna nahIM karatA, ataH mAMsa-bhakSaNa kA tyAga avazyameva karanA caahie|145 . hiMsA se pApakarma kA anubaMdha hotA hai, isalie hiMsaka vyakti ko svarga to kadApi nahIM mila sktaa| use yA to isI janma meM usakA phala prApta hotA hai, athavA agale janma meM naraka aura tiryaMcagati ke bhayaMkara kaSTa evaM vedanAeM sahana karanA par3atI haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI mAMsAhAra karane vAle jIva ko narakagAmI batAyA hai| 46 saMta kabIradAsajI ne bhI mAMsAhAra ko anucita mAnA hai aura mAMsa kA bhakSaNa karane vAle prANiyoM ko narakagAmI kahA hai|147 yastu prANivadhaH kRtvA pitRnyAMsena tarpayet / so'viddhAgcaMdanaM dagdhavA kuryAdiMgAra lepanam / / - vRddha pArAzarasmRti aghRpya sarvabhUtAnAm, yuSyAnnIrUpajaH sukhii| bhavatya bhakSyanmAMsa, dayAvAn praanninaamiih|| - mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva uttarAdhyayanasUtra - adhyayana 32/62 samutpatti ca mAMsasya, bandhabandho ca dehinaam| prasamIkSya nivarteta sarva mAMsasya bhkssnnaat|| - manusmRti 5/49 na kRtvA prANinAM hiMsA mAMsamutpadyate kvcit| na va prANivadhaH svargastasmAnmAMsa vivarjayeta / / - manusmRti, 5/48 cauhi ThoNehi jIvA neraiyAuyattAe. kammaM pakayeMti, taM jhaa| mahAraMbhatAe, mahApariggahayAe paMcidiyavaheNaM, kuNimAhAreNaM ||-sthaanaaNgsuutr - 4/4/628 mAMsa, machariyA khAta hai, surApAna se het| ve nara narakahi jAeMge, mAta-pitA sameta / / kabIra For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 101 vizva zAkAhAra pariSad ke adhyakSa pada para ArUr3ha DaoN. rAjendraprasAda ne kahA thA -"yuddha kA mUla mAMsAhAra meM hai| jisa vyakti meM prANiyoM ke prati dayA kA abhAva hai, vaha manuSya ke prati bhI dayAhIna hotA hai| mAMsa manuSya kA bhojana nahIM hai, prAcIna granthoM meM rAkSasoM va daityoM Adi ko mAMsAhArI batAyA gayA hai, isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki mAMsabhojI kI aMtaravRttiyA~ rAkSasI ho jAtI haiN| krUratA, lolupatA, kaThoratA aura pratikSaNa ugratA -ye saba mAMsAhAra ke duSpariNAma haiN| mAMsAhAra ke prabhAva se manuSya ke mana meM uttejanA, Akroza, tanAva, asaMtoSa aura jIvana se palAyana kI vRtti panapatI hai| yaha spaSTa dekhane meM AtA hai ki AjAdI ke bAda bhArata meM jisa anupAta meM mAMsAhAra bar3hA hai usI anupAta meM deza meM bhraSTAcAra, apaharaNa, vyabhicAra, balAtkAra, DakaitI, hatyAe~, taskarI Adi kI ghaTanAeM bhI bar3hI haiN| isase janajIvana AtaMkita aura azAMtimaya ho gayA hai| Ajakala samAja meM jo krUra-se-krUra hiMsA aura aparAdha ho rahe haiM, unake mUla meM madya aura mAMsa kA sevana hI mukhya kAraNa hai| pulisa kA yaha rikArDa hai ki jina pradezoM va rASTroM meM aparAdha adhika hote haiM, aparAdhiyoM ke girohoM ke jo aDDe haiM, vahA~ para mAMsAhAra aura madyapAna bhI khulakara calatA hai| mAMsAhArI hI saMsAra meM sabase adhika khataranAka aparAdha karate haiN| hatyAoM, DakaitiyoM aura balAtkAroM meM mAMsAhArI prANiyoM kA sabase jyAdA hAtha rahatA hai, isalie yaha bAta prasiddha hai - "katlakhAne hiMsA, barbaratA aura krUratA ke aDDe haiN|" saMsAra meM 85 pratizata hathiyAra niryAta karane vAle dezoM meM amerikA, jarmanI, briTena, phrAMsa, rUsa aura cIna -ye cha: rASTra haiM aura ina dezoM meM Aja bhI mAMsAhAra kA sarvAdhika pracalana hai| mAMsAhAra se bar3hatI bImAriyA~ - mAMsAhAra manuSya ko na kevala mAnasika-dRSTi se hIna, patita aura Avezagrasta banAtA hai, kintu zArIrika-dRSTi se bhI rogoM kA ghara banAtA hai| mAMsAhArI vyakti kI roga pratirodhI-zakti samApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha taraha-taraha ke bhayaMkara rogoM se grasta bhI ho jAtA hai| amerikA ke nobala puraskAra vijetA DaoN. mAikala brAuna aura DaoN. josepha golDasTIna ne aneka prayogoM evaM parIkSaNoM ke bAda yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki mAMsAhAra karane vAloM meM hRdayaroga, carmaroga, patharI Adi bImAriyoM kI sarvAdhika saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| vizva svAsthya saMgaThana (W.H.O.) ke buleTina For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva saMkhyA-637 ke anusAra manuSya ke zarIra meM lagabhaga 160 bImAriyA~ mAMsa-bhakSaNa se praviSTa hotI haiN| zAkAhArI vyakti bImAra hone para zIghra svastha ho jAte haiM, kintu mAMsAhArI meM roga pratirodhI-zakti kama hone se ve zIghra svasthya nahIM ho pAte haiN| isa saMdarbha meM kucha prasiddha DaoNkTaroM ke kathana ullekhita haiM - "zAkAhAra se zakti utpanna hotI hai, mAMsAhAra se kevala uttejanA utpanna hotI hai| parizrama ke avasara para mAMsAhArI jaldI thaka jAtA hai| aphIma, kokIna, zarAba kI bhAMti mAMsa bhI nazIlI cIja hai|" - DaoNkTara hega, ('DAiTa eNDa phUDa' pustaka se)| "zAkAhAra kA bhakSaNa karane vAle prANiyoM ko TAiphAiDa bahuta kama hotA hai|" - DaoN. zirameTa (amerikA) __ "jahA~ mAMsAhAra jitanI kama mAtrA meM hogA, vahA~ kaiMsara jaisI bhayAnaka bImAriyA~ kabhI nahIM hoNgii|" - DaoN. rasela, ('sArvabhauma bhojana pustaka se)| ___"jina baccoM ko bacapana se mAMsa khilAyA jAtA hai, ve bar3e hone para susta, AlasI, bhoMdU aura durbala hote haiM, ataH baccoM ke lie dUdha, sabjI aura anna hI sarvottama va pauSTika AhAra hai|" - DaoN. klADarsana ___ zAkAhAra-sampoSaka DaoN. nemIcaMda jaina ne isa prakAra ke aneka saMdarbha aura udAharaNa die haiM ki mAMsAhAriyoM meM aneka prakAra ke ghAtaka roga hote haiN| jahA~, jisa deza meM jitanA adhika mAMsAhAra kA sevana kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ rogoM kA utanA hI bhayAnaka AkramaNa hotA hai| mAMsAhAra zArIrika, mAnasika, AdhyAtmika, naitika Adi kAraNoM se grahaNa karanA ThIka nahIM hai| eka prANI dUsare prANI ko mAratA aura phira usa prANI ko khAtA hai, yaha bAta nizcita hI bar3I ajIba lagatI hai| bhalA, prANI prANI ko kaise khA sakatA hai ? jArja barnADa zaoN mAMsa nahIM khAte the| ve kahate the - "maiM peTa ko kabristAna nahIM banAnA caahtaa|" pazuoM ko khAne vAle kevala mAMsa ko hI nahIM khAte, mAMsa ke sAtha pazu ke saMskAra bhI khA lete haiN| 148 isa AhAra aura AdhyAtma, AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 43 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kAraNa, unakI bhAvanA bhI krUra aura uttejanAyukta ho jAtI hai| AhAra jIvana kA sAdhya nahIM hai, mAtra sAdhana hai| usakI upekSA to nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| zarIra - zAstra kI dRSTi se AhAra zarIra para hI prabhAva nahIM DAlatA, usakA prabhAva mana para bhI hotA hai / mana pavitra rahe, zAnta rahe, isake lie AhAra kA viveka honA bahuta jarUrI hai / 103 jaina - saMskRti ke anusAra, Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva se pUrva jaba taka kRSi kA vikAsa nahIM huA thA aura yaugalika sabhyatA thI, usa yuga kA mAnava kalpavRkSoM se sahaja prApta phala Adi khAkara sAttvika jIvana jItA thaa| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne manuSya jAti kI bar3hatI huI janasaMkhyA ko apane bhojana Adi kI AvazyakatA -- - pUrti ke lie khetI karanA sikhAyA / khetI ke lie upayogI pazupAlana, gopAlana Adi kI zikSA dI aura isa prakAra mAnava-sabhyatA meM khetI evaM pazupAlana Adi kA vikAsa huaa| pahale manuSya kevala phala va vanaspati se hI bhUkha miTAtA thA / kRSi evaM gopAlana Adi kA vikAsa hone para unake bhojana meM tIna prakAra ke padArtha sammilita ho gae- 1. vanoM meM sahaja niSpanna phala, 2. kRSi dvArA utpanna kiyA huA anna, dhAnya, zAka Adi tathA 3. pazuoM se prApta dUdha Adi / prAcIna kAla meM mAnava kA bhojana yahI svAbhAvika bhojana thA, jise hama Aja zAkAhAra ke nAma se jAnate haiM / samagra bhAratIya-saMskRti kA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki manuSya mUlataH zAkAhArI prANI hai| usake dA~ta, A~teM, jIbha, jigara Adi kI racanA zAkAhAra ke sarvathA anukUla hai aura mAMsAhArI prANiyoM se bilkula bhinna hai, sAtha hI usakI mAnasika va bauddhika - racanA bhI zAkAhArI - prakRti kI hai| vaijJAnikoM ne bhI aneka prakAra ke anusaMdhAna karake, purAtAttvika khojoM va mAnava jIvana vijJAna ke AdhAra para yahI niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki prAcInatama samaya meM manuSya kA bhojana kevala zAkAhAra hI thA / DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina likhate haiM ki Aja se lagabhaga tIna araba pacAsa karor3a varSa pUrva pRthvI graha para jIvana kI zurUAta huI / jIvadhAriyoM kA pUrvaja DAyanAsaura bhImakAya mahAbalI jIva jo Aja se lagabhaga dasa karor3a varSa pUrva isa pRthvI para vidyamAna thA, vaha pUrNataH tRNabhojI ( zAkAhArI) thaa| jaoNna haoNpakinsa yUnivarsiTI ke prasiddha nRtatva - vijJAnI DaoN. Alana vAvara ne prAcInatama jIvAzmoM kI khoja karake unake AkAra, racanA Adi ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki manuSya ke dA~toM aura A~toM kI racanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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104 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva tathA anya zarIragata DhAMcA phalAhAra ke AdhAra para TikA thA aura IsA se bAraha lAkha varSa pahale mAnava nissaMdeha zAkAhArI thaa| misra, sumeriyA, cIna, bhArata tathA roma evaM grIsa meM basI mAnava-jAtiyA~ bhI zAkAhArI thiiN|149 'zAkAhAra' zabda kA zAbdika artha kareM, to zA- zAnti kA, kAkAnti kA, hA- hArda (sneha) kA aura ra- rakSA kA paricAyaka hai, arthAt zAkAhAra hameM zAMti, kAMti, sneha evaM rasoM se paripUrNa kara hamArI mAnavatA kI rakSA karatA hai| kahA hai- lambI Ayu, nirogI kAyA, zAkAhAra kI hai aisI maayaa| zAkAhara se hI manuSya pUrNa evaM lambI Ayu saralatA se pA sakatA hai| jApAna meM kie gae adhyayanoM se jJAta hotA hai ki zAkAhArI na kevala svasthya evaM niroga rahate haiM, apitu dIrghajIvI bhI hote haiM aura unakI buddhi bhI apekSAkRta kuzAgra hotI hai| bAibila meM likhA hai -tuma yadi zAkAhAra karoge, to tumheM jIvana-UrjA prApta hogI, kintu yadi tuma mAsAhAra karate ho, to vaha mRta AhAra tumheM bhI mRta banA degaa| sampUrNa sRSTi meM eka bhI aisA vyakti milanA kaThina hai, jo mAtra mAMsAhAra para jIvana yApana karatA ho, jabaki aise karor3oM vyakti haiM, jo jIvanaparyaMta sirpha zAkAhAra para svAbhAvika rUpa se jIvana-yApana karate haiM, arthAt zAkAhAra apane Apa meM saMpUrNa saMtulita AhAra hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki jainadarzana meM bhakSya-abhakSya kI vivecanA kA mUla uddezya sAttvika aura saMyamita jIvana se hai| vyakti jIvana bhara bhojana karatA hai, kintu use bhojana ke samyak svarUpa ke sambandha meM bahuta kama jAnakArI hotI hai| kevala udarapUrti ke lie jaisA-taisA, jaba cAhe taba, bhakSya-abhakSya, dina-rAta kA dhyAna rakhe binA khAne vAlA vyakti peTa ko bhArI banAtA hai, bImAriyoM se duHkhI hotA hai aura asamaya hI vRddha ho jAtA hai| bhojana ke sambandha meM jainadarzana meM, bhAratIyadarzana meM, anya darzana meM evaM RSi-muniyoM, vaidyoM, cikitsakoM Adi ne bahuta sArI jAnakAriyA~ dI haiM aura hamArI saMskRti meM bhI saiMkar3oM varSoM se calI A rahI paramparAe~ bhI bhojana ke saMbaMdha meM vaijJAnika aura svAsthya saMbaMdhI AdhAra lie hue haiN| kheda isa bAta kA hai ki pazcima kI nakala meM hama apane viveka kA upayoga nahIM karate hue anya bAtoM kI taraha AhAra ke saMbaMdha meM bhI kevala andhAnukaraNa karate rahate haiN| "AhAra ke niyamoM kA 149 ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 105 ajJAna, ati AhAra aura gariSTha AhAra -ye tInoM hI sUtra jIvana ke zatru haiN| jIvana ke sauMdarya ko banAe rakhane ke lie, jIvana-zakti ko bar3hAne ke lie hitakara aura parimita AhAra kA sevana karanA caahie|150 vizvavikhyAta DaoN. meDapheDana ne batAyA hai - "bhojana ke abhAva se saMsAra meM jitane loga bhUkha se pIr3ita hokara marate haiM, usase kahIM adhika mAnava anAvazyaka atimAtrA meM bhojana karane ke kAraNa rogagrasta hokara maraNa ko prApta hote haiN|" dIrghajIvana ko prApta karane kA mahattvapUrNa sUtra - ___ yaha sUtra halkA, sAttvika, supAcya aura zAkAhArI bhojana hai| hameM bhojana kaba aura kitanI mAtrA meM karanA cAhie ? isakA viveka mAnava ne pUrNa rUpa se kho diyA hai, isa kAraNa sAttvika bhojana bhI abhakSya bana jAtA hai| isakI vivecanA hamane rAtribhojana ke saMbaMdha meM kI thii| Aja viveka-zUnya kahe jAne vAle pazu bhI bhojana kI mAtrA ke viSaya meM viveka rakhate haiM, jaise - gAya, cir3iyA~ anya pazu peTa bhara jAne ke bAda bhojana grahaNa nahIM krte| kutte kA peTa bharA huA hai, magara kahIM se dUsarI roTI mila bhI gaI, to vaha use sUMghakara calA jAtA hai, para usakA bhakSaNa nahIM karatA hai, siMha bhI peTa kI pUrti ho jAne para usake sAmane zikAra hone para bhI usake bhakSaNa kI icchA nahIM karatA hai, lekina rasalolupI mAnava jihvA ke svAda ke vazIbhUta hokara khAtA hI jAtA hai| spaSTataH, manuSya kA svayaM kA aviveka hI usake svayaM ke jIvana ke lie khatarA bana rahA hai| vartamAna yuga meM hoTaloM aura buphe-pArTiyoM kA pracalana bar3ha rahA hai tathA gharoM meM bhI pazcimI sabhyatA kA bolabAlA hone se bhakSya-abhakSya kA viveka saMbhavataH kama rakhA jA rahA hai, parantu phira bhI hama apane jIvana meM yadi AhAra-viveka aura bhakSya-abhakSya kA vivake pUrNa rUpa se rakheM, to niHsaMdeha apanI jIvanazailI ko, zArIrika-svasthatA ko, AdhyAtmika-cintana ko bahuta U~cAiyoM taka pahuMcA sakate haiM, isalie praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "aisA hita-mita bhojana karanA cAhie, 150 pahalA sukha : nirogI kAyA, candalamala "cAMda" For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jo jIvanayAtrA evaM saMyamayAtrA ke lie upayogI ho sake aura jisase na kisI prakAra kA vibhrama ho aura na dharma kI bhNsnaa| 151 vastutaH, AhAra bhoga kA kAraNa hai, to yoga kA bhii| kyoMki binA svastha zarIra ke aNAhArI-pada prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie AhAra kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra zikhara para pahu~cane ke lie pagathiyoM (sIr3hiyoM) kA sahArA lete haiM aura nadI pAra karane ke lie nAva kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai, lekina antatogatvA yaha bhI satya hai ki pagathiyoM aura nAva kA Azraya chor3ane para hI zikhara evaM kinAre para pahuMcA jA sakatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra nirAhArI-pada ko prApta karane ke lie AhAra saMjJA kA tyAga Avazyaka hai aura vaha tyAga hama tapa ke mAdhyama se kara sakate haiN| icchAoM kA virodha karanA hI tapa hai| nizIthacUrNikA meM kahA gayA hai -"tapyate aNeNa pAvaM kammamiti tapo," arthAt, jisase pApakarma tapta ho jAeM, vaha tapa hai| AtmA kA svabhAva aNAhArI hai| AhAra grahaNa karanA to zarIra kA kArya hai| aNAhArI pada ko prApta karane ke abhyAsa meM AhAra-saMjJA ko kama karanA hI 'tapa' kahalAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne tapa ke bAraha prakAra mAne haiManazana, uNodarI, vRttisaMkSepa, rasatyAga Adi chaha tapa bAhya-tapa kahalAte haiN| nirAhArI-pada kI prApti ke lie AhAra tyAga sAdhanA kA Adarza rUpa hai, 152 isalie dazAzrutaskandha meM kahA hai -"jo sAdhaka alpAhArI hai, indriyoM kA vijetA hai, sabhI prANiyoM ke prati rakSA kI bhAvanA rakhatA hai, usake darzana ke lie deva bhI Atura rahate haiN|" ataH, nirAhArI-pada ko prApta karanA eka ucca sAdhanA hai| isake lie avazyameva AhAra-saMjJA ko tyAganA hogaa| yadi AhAra-saMjJA AMzika zAnti hai, to nirAhArI-pada pUrNa zAzvata zakti kI abhivyakti hai| AhAra jIvana kA Adi hai, to aNAhAra anta ......... | 151 tahA~ bhottatvaM jahA~ se jAyA mAtA ya bhavati, na ya bhavati vibbhamoM, na bhaMsaNA ya dhammasya / / - praznavyAkaraNasUtra 2/4 152 appAhArassa daMtassa, devA daMseti taainnoN| - dazAzrutaskaMdha - 5/4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adhyAya-3 bhaya - saMjJA (Instinct of Fear) bhaya - saMjJA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa 154 - yaha sAmAnya sthAnAMgasUtra 53 meM eka prasaMga AtA hai ki ekadA prabhu mahAvIra ne apane ziSya - ziSyAoM se prazna kiyA - " kiM bhayA pANA samaNAuso " arthAt he AyuSyamAna zramaNoM ! prANiyoM ko kisase bhaya hai ? uttara dete hue prabhu mahAvIra svayaM kahate haiM- "dukkhaM bhayA", prANiyoM ko duHkha se bhaya hai / pratyeka prANI sukha cAhatA hai aura duHkha se DaratA hai manovijJAna hai| nigoda se lekara manuSya evaM devatA taka hara prANI meM 'bhaya - saMjJA' vidyamAna hai| jaiva-vaijJAnika aura manovaijJAnikoM, sabhI ne yaha tathya ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai ki prANI bhaya se surakSA cAhatA hai / bhaya se bacAva ke lie hI sArI vyavasthAe~ juTAtA hai / bhaya ke kAraNa hI vaha tra-zastroM kA vaijJAnika vikAsa kara pAtA hai / jaba bar3I machalI choTI machalI ko khAtI hai to vaha choTI machalI bhI apanI surakSA kA bhAva rakhatI hai / isa prakAra, svayaM kI surakSA ke lie pratyeka jIva kucha-na-kucha prayAsa karatA hai aura yaha prayAsa hI usa jIva kA bhaviSya banatA hai evaM usake bhAvI saMsAra kA nirmANa karatA hai| pratyeka jIva ke bhAva bhinna-bhinna hote hue bhI unake mUla meM eka hI tathya hai ki ve bhaya se chuTakArA cAhate haiM aura abhaya kI avasthA ko prApta honA cAhate haiM / astra 153 154 155 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM maharSi gardabhAlI kahate haiM - " abhaya ko cAhate ho, to abhayadAtA bno| 155 sthAnAMgasUtra meM hI Age prabhu svayaM kahate haiM- " dukkhe keNa kaDe? yaha duHkha kisane banAyA ? samAdhAna karate hue prabhu kahate haiM - 'sayaM kaDe sthAnAMgasUtra - 3 / 2 savve pANA piAuyA, suhasAyA dukkhpddikuulaa| -AcArAMgasUtra - 1 / 2/3 abhao patthivA ! tumaM abhayadAyA bhavAhi ya, aNicce jIvatogammi kiM hiMsAe pasajjasi ? 107 -- uttarAdhyayanasUtra 18/11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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108 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva maaevN'| svayaM ne hI pramAda ke kAraNa isa duHkha kA nirmANa kiyA hai, arthAt bhaya ke janmadAtA hama svayaM haiM aura usakA kAraNa hai -hamArA prmaad| 'annANA jAyate bhayaM' 1156 AdamI ko ajJAna ke kAraNa hI duHkha hotA hai, kyoMki ajJAna hI asurakSA kA bhAva hai| sAmAnya manovijJAna meM bhaya ko eka prakAra kA saMvega kahA gayA hai|157 "saMvega se tAtparya eka aisI AtmaniSTha avasthA se hotA hai, jisameM kucha zArIrika-uttejanA paidA hotI hai, phira usameM kucha khAsa-khAsa prakAra ke vyavahAra hote haiN| 158 bhaya eka aisI saMvegAtmaka-sthiti hai, jisameM kisI aisI khataranAka vastu yA ghaTanA ke prati vyakti ko pratikriyA (Reaction) karanA hotI hai, jisase vaha AsAnI se chuTakArA nahIM pA sakatA hai| bhaya-saMvega (saMjJA) zaizavAvasthA se hI hotA dekhA gayA hai| prAyaH, choTe bacce tIvra AvAja, aMdhere kamare, pazu, ekAnta paristhiti Adi se Dara jAte haiN| bar3e baccoM meM bhI bhaya ina sabhI paristhitiyoM ke alAvA kAlpanika bAtoM tathA kahAniyoM ke kAlpanika pAtroM se bhI hotA hai| bacce bhaya-saMvega (saMjJA) kI abhivyakti apane- Apako pharnIcara Adi ke pIche chipAkara, yA phira joroM se cillAkara, yA rokara karate haiM aura bar3e bacce gumasuma rahanA, galata AdatoM ko apanA lenA, Adi aneka prakAra se bhaya kI abhivyakti karate AhAra, bhaya, maithuna va parigraha Adi saMjJAoM meM AhAra ke bAda pramukha saMjJA bhaya hai| pratyeka vyakti svayaM se pUchakara dekhe ki use kisI-na-kisI bAta kA Dara hai yA nahIM ? bhaya aneka prakAra ke haiM, jaise - mRtya kA bhaya, bImArI kA bhaya, viyoga kA bhaya, garIbI kA bhaya, samAja kA bhaya Adi, sAtha hI koI rUTha na jAe, nArAja na ho jAe, naukarI se nikAla na de, apamAna na kara de Adi kA bhI bhaya hotA hai| isa prakAra, hajAroM prakAra ke bhaya sUkSma rUpa se hamArI cetanA meM rahate haiN| jJAnI ko bhI yaha bhaya rahatA hai ki koI use ajJAnI na samajhe, usakA apamAna na kara de| ucca padastha vyaktiyoM ko apanI pratiSThA va pada se girane kA bhaya 156 sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/2 157 Adhunika sAmAnya manovijJAna, pR. 423 138 By emotion we mean a subjective feeling state involving psychological arousal. accompanied by characteristic behaviors' - Baron, Byrned (Kantowitz) Psychology - 1980, P. 293 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 109 rahatA hai, sAtha hI unheM yaha bhI bhaya rahatA hai ki koI unakI galatI na dekha le, yA kisI ko unakI kamajoriyoM kA patA na cle| prAyaH, jyAdAtara vyakti pUrva pradatta saMskAroM, mAnyatAoM ke vazIbhUta hokara pApa karane se bhI Darate haiN| adhikAMza bhaya kalpanAjanita hotA hai, jaise- mArga meM khar3I gAya pAMca-sAta logoM ko apanI ora Ate dekha bhayabhIta ho jAtI hai, kAraNa gAya ko yaha sandeha hotA hai ki kahIM ve mujha para AkramaNa karane to nahIM A rahe haiN| kaI vyakti, tarUNa-vaya sadaiva banI rahe, isake lie zaktivarddhaka auSadhiyoM, TaoNnika Adi kA prayoga karate haiN| yaha bhI ve bhaya ke kAraNa hI karate haiN| vRddhAvasthA chupAne ke bhaya se vyakti bAloM ko kAlA karatA hai, zarIra kI jhurriyoM ke nivAraNa ke lie. pAuDara, kAsmeTiksa Adi kA prayoga karatA hai, garIbI ke bhaya se dhana kamAne ke lie hiMsaka-kArya karatA hai| vaha apanI icchA, abhilASA kI pUrti nahIM hone para duHkhI hotA hai| yahI duHkha prANiyoM meM bhaya utpanna karatA hai aura pratyeka jIva nirantara yaha prayAsa karatA hai ki vaha bhaya ko tyAga abhaya ko kaise prApta kare ? bhaya-saMjJA kA svarUpa - bhaya-saMjJA- jisake udaya se udvega utpanna hotA hai vaha bhaya hai| 159 bhItirbhayam bhIti ko bhaya kahate haiN| 160 aMtaraMga meM bhaya-nokaSAya kA udaya hone se tathA bahiraMga meM atyanta bhayaMkara vastu dekhane se aura usa ora dhyAna jAne se zaktihIna prANI ko jo bhaya utpanna hotA hai, use hI bhaya-saMjJA kahate haiN| yaha saMjJA AThaveM guNasthAna taka hotI hai| 161 zakti kI hInatA kA anubhava, bhayavedanIya-karma kA udaya, bhaya kI bAta sunanA aura bhaya ke viSaya meM cintana karanA - ye bhaya saMjJA ke kAraNa haiN| 162 atyanta bhayaMkara padArtha ko dekhane se, athavA pahale dekhe hue bhayaMkara padArtha ke smaraNa Adi se, zakti ke hIna hone para aura bhayakarma ke udaya yA udIraNA hone para bhayasaMjJA hotI hai| AcArAMganiyukti-TIkA meM mohanIyakarma ke udaya ko 159 ydudyaadudvegstdbhym| --sa.si.- 8/9/386/1 160 bhItirbhayam, dhavalA -19/1/2 161 tattvArthasAra, 2/36 kA bhAvArtha, vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa, vArANasI, pR.46 162 cauhiM. ThANehiM AhArasaNNA samuppajjapi, taM jahA omakoTThatAe / chuhAveyaNijjarasa kammassa udaeNaM, matIe, tdtttthovogennN|| - ThANaM 4/579 163 go. jI. 134 For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhayasaMjJA kA kAraNa batAyA hai| 64 bhayasaMjJA ke udaya se bhayabhIta prANI ke netra tathA mukha meM vikArotpatti, zarIra meM romAMca, kampana, ghabarAhaTa Adi manovRttirUpa kriyAeM hotI haiN|15 manuSya meM bhayasaMjJA sabase kama hotI hai tathA nArakiyoM meM sabase adhika hotI hai, kyoMki unameM lagAtAra mRtyu kA bhaya banA rahatA hai| prAyaH, pratyeka prANI ko kisI-na-kisI ke bhaya se saMtrasta dekhA jAtA hai| cAhe ve manuSya hoM yA deva, tiryaMca hoM yA nArakI ke jIva, alpa yA adhika, bhaya to sabhI meM hotA hai| yaha bhaya hotA kyA hai ? isake lakSaNa kyA haiM ? bhaya manuSya ke eka vicAra se jyAdA kucha nahIM hai| yaha dimAga meM uThane vAlI eka taraMga hai| yaha koI vastu nahIM, apitu manaHsthiti hai, jo prANI dvArA hI nirmita hotI hai| bhaya vAstava meM eka aMdherI rAha hai, jahAM kevala nakArAtmaka bhAva hI paidA hote haiM, palate haiM aura panapate haiM, jaise - agara isa rAha para kadama bar3hA liyA, to punaH lauTanA aura pAra honA - donoM hI muzkila haiN| vyakti eka bhaya se hI dUsare bhaya ko janma detA hai| prArambha meM bhaya choTe rUpa meM hotA hai, phira yaha bar3A mAnasika roga bhI bana jAtA hai| bhaya atIta kI yAdoM se, yA bhaviSya kI AkAMkSAoM se paidA hotA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki eka bhayabhIta vyakti kabhI mokSa nahIM pA sakatA, kyoMki jo bhaya ko jIta letA hai, vahI mokSagAmI ho sakatA hai| yaha pratyakSa sunane meM AtA hai ki mRtyu kA bhaya sabase bar3A hai| mauta se bhaya lagatA hai, kintu yaha cintana kA viSaya hai ki bhalA mauta se bhaya kyoM lagatA hai? kyA vAstava meM hamArA kabhI mauta se sAkSAtkAra huA hai? dUsare ko mRtyu se maratA huA dekhakara hameM apanI mRtyu kI kalpanA se bhaya lagatA hai| kevala bAra-bAra sunakara hamane mAnyatA ke rUpa meM yaha svIkAra kara liyA hai ki hameM bhI maranA hai| yaha kalpanA vyakti ko mRtyu se bhayabhIta banAtI hai| jaina-dArzanikoM ne apanI mAnyatA ke phalasvarUpa yaha batAyA hai ki hameM mRtyu se bhaya isalie lagatA hai, kyoMki yaha hamAre pUrvajanmoM kA saMskAra hai| jisa-jisako hamane apanA priya mAnA thA, ve hameM chor3akara cale 164 AcArAMganiyukti TIkA, gAthA-36 10 prajJApanAsUtra - 8/725 vahI, 8/5/9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva gae, yA hameM una sabako chor3akara jAnA pdd'egaa| yaha anubhava hamAre lie duHkhada hotA hai, ataH usakI smRti hameM mRtyu se bhayabhIta banAtI hai| mRtyu se bhaya kA dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki mRtyu bar3I anizcita hai, usake Ane kA samaya kisI ko jJAta nahIM hai / kucha sthitiyoM meM mRtyu ajJAta hai, isalie bhI vaha bhayotpAdaka hai, kyoMki jIvana meM jo bhI ajJAta hotA hai, vaha saba vyakti ko bhayabhIta banA detA hai| relagAr3I kI paTariyoM kI taraha jIvana sIdhA - sapATa nahIM hotA / vaha to sadA anizcita hI hai, kintu isa tathya ko svIkAra na kara pAne ke kAraNa mAnava - mana sadA bhayagrasta banA rahatA hai I 111 prANI jitanA adhika bhayabhIta hogA, vaha utanA hI hiMsaka hogaa| sA~pa, bicchU yA jaharIle jAnavara ne eka bAra kisI ko kATa liyA aura usakI mRtyu ho gii| basa, yaha bAta usake mana meM baiTha gaI, to vaha jaba-jaba sA~pa, bicchU Adi hiMsaka prANiyoM ko dekhegA, unheM mArane kA prayAsa kregaa| isa prakAra, bhayagrasta prANI hiMsAtmaka pravRttivAlA ho jAtA hai / baccoM ke komala hRdaya meM bhaya kA saMcAra svayaM unake mAtA-pitA hI karate haiN| kaI mAtAeM baccoM meM akAraNa hI aise hI bhaya ke saMskAra bhara detI haiM aura baccoM ko DarAtI rahatI haiM ki kueM ke pAsa jAoge, to usameM gira jAoge, per3a para car3hoge to girane se coTa laga jAegI, aMdhere meM bhUta pakar3akara le jAegA, akele ghara se bAhara gae, to pulisa pakar3a le jAegI Adi / aisI aneka bhayagrasta bAtoM se baccoM ke mAnasa paTala para bhaya kI chabi aMkita ho jAtI hai aura jaba isa prakAra ke prasaMga sAmane Ate haiM, to vaha baccA bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra ke bhaya ke saMskAra bAlaka ko kAyara ( Darapoka) banA dete haiM / samAja kA bhaya vyakti ko bhayayukta banAtA hai| kitane-kitane ADambara, AraMbha-samAraMbha zAdI-pArTI Adi meM isa bhaya se kiye jAte haiM ki loga kyA kaheMge? loka evaM samAja ke bhaya ke kAraNa haisiyata na hote hue bhI apanA nAma U~cA rakhane ke lie, na cAhate hue bhI, vyaktiyoM dvArA bahuta sAre AraMbha-samAraMbha (kArya) kiye jAte haiN| dUsarI ora, loga ApakI prazaMsA kareM, ApakA nAma leM, isa bhaya ke kAraNa ve bhaya se yukta bane rahate haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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112 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhaya ke kAraNa aura bhaya ke duSpariNAma - saMjJAoM ke saMdarbha meM jo tIna prakAra ke vargIkaraNa upalabdha hote haiM, una sabhI meM AhArasaMjJA ke bAda bhayasaMjJA kA ullekha milatA hai| jainadarzana kI sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnyatA hai ki sabhI saMsArI-jIvoM meM bhayasaMjJA pAI jAtI hai, cAhe ve ekendriya hoM yA pNcendriy| sAmAnyatayA, hama bendriya prANI se lekara paMcendriya manuSya taka -sabhI meM spaSTa rUpa se bhaya kI upasthiti dekha sakate haiM, kintu jaina-dArzanikoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki ekendriya jIvoM meM bhI bhayasaMjJA hotI hai| isakI vizeSa carcA hama Age kreNge| yahA~ eka udAharaNa se ise spaSTa kara dete haiN| bhArata meM chuImuI jAti kA paudhA pAyA jAtA hai, yadi usa paudhe ke pAsa se koI nikalatA hai, to usakI pattiyA~ sikur3a jAtI haiN| yaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki vaha paudhA anya kI upasthiti meM bhaya kA anubhava karatA hai| dakSiNa aphrIkA meM aneka aise paudhe pAe gae haiM, jinameM bhaya aura AkrAmakatA ke saMvega dekhe jAte haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki arhat aura siddhoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI saMsArI-jIvoM meM bhayasaMjJA kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| bhaya saMjJA kI puSTi isa bAta se bhI hotI hai ki bhaya prANI ke vyavahAra ko prabhAvita karatA hai| hamane pUrva meM saMjJA kI paribhASA karate hue batAyA thA ki saMjJAeM vyavahAra kI saMpreraka haiN| bhaya bhI vyavahAra kA saMpreraka yA uddIpaka hai, kintu bhaya kyoM utpanna hotA hai aura bhaya kI sthiti meM prANI kyA pratikriyA karatA hai - ina donoM bAtoM ko jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| Age, hama bhaya ke kAraNoM aura duSpariNAmoM kI carcA kreNge| bhaya ke kAraNa mohanIya-karma ke udaya se utpanna hone vAlA Avega bhaya hai| saMjJAoM yA vyavahAra ke preraka uddIpakoM meM bhaya kA bhI pramukha sthAna hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra bhaya kI utpatti ke cAra nimna kAraNa haiM - 1. sattvahInatA, arthAt kisI prakAra avasAda se| 2. bhayamohanIya-karma ke udaya se| 3 bhayotpAdaka vacanoM ko sunakara / 167 sthAnAMgasUtra -4/580 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ___113 113 4. bhaya saMbaMdhI ghaTanAoM ke cintana se| 1. sattvahInatA, arthAt kisI prakAra avasAda se - isa prasaMga meM sattvahInatA se tAtparya hai -bala, sAhasa, himmata, zakti Adi kI hInatA kA vicAra, arthAt jaba vyakti meM bala, zakti, sAhasa kA abhAva hotA hai| prANI ke sAmane apane se adhika balavAn prANI kI upasthiti bhaya ko utpanna karatI hai, kyoMki taba vaha apane astitva ke rakSaNa ke lie bhayagrasta bana jAtA hai, jaise -siMha ko apane sAmane upasthita pAkara sabhI Darate haiM, usakI dahAr3a-mAtra se jaMgala meM sannATA chA jAtA hai, sabhI prANI bhaya ke kAraNa apane-Apako chipA lete haiM, cUMki siMha ke sAmane anya vanya-prANI apane Apako zaktihIna samajhate haiM, isa kAraNa ve bhayagrasta hote haiN| ThIka usI prakAra, cUhA billI se, billI kutte se, zvAna gAya se; gAya zera se, zera zikArI se, zikArI pulisa se, pulisa bar3e adhikArI se, bar3e adhikArI maMtrI se, maMtrI pradhAnamaMtrI se aura pradhAnamaMtrI janatA se - isa prakAra bhaya kA yaha cakra calatA hI rahatA hai| Aja bhI loga nirdhanatA se, ijjata ke cale jAne se Darate haiM aura jIvana bhara surakSA ke upAya karate cale jAte haiM, kintu surakSA ke ye sAdhana svayaM asurakSita banAte haiM tathA vyakti bhayagrasta bane rahate haiN| manuSya ne apane ko bhaya se bacAne ke lie zastroM kA AviSkAra kiyA aura eka se bar3hakara eka bhayAnaka astra-zastra banAe, kintu phira bhI vaha asurakSita hI pAyA gyaa| - isa tathya ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pahale hI apane jJAna se dekha liyA thaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM ve kahate haiM -"atthi satyaM pareNa paraM natthi asatyaM pareNa paraM", arthAt, ahiMsA yA abhaya se bar3A koI zastra nahIM hai, ataH bhaya se mukti kA eka hI mArga hai- abhaya kA vikaas| 2. bhayamohanIya-karma - karmagrantha meM mohanIyakarma ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM -1. darzanamohanIya 2. caaritrmohniiy| punaH, darzanamohanIya karma ke tIna bheda - 1. samyaktvamohanIya, 2. mizramohanIya, 3. mithyAtvamohanIya / cAritramohanIya ke 168 AcArAMgasUtra, - 1/3/4 jassudayA hoi jIe, hAsa rai arai soga bhaya kucchaa| sanimittamannahA vA, taM. iha hAsAi mohnniiyN| - prathama karmagraMtha, gAthA 21 169 For Personal & Private Use Only

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114 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhI do bheda haiM - kaSAyamohanIya aura nokssaaymohniiy| jo kaSAya ko utpanna karane meM nimitta-rUpa hote haiM, athavA kaSAyoM kA pariNaya hotA hai, ve nokaSAya kahalAte haiN| nokaSAya mohanIya karma ke nau bheda haiM - 1. hAsya, 2. rati, 3. arati, 4. zoka, 5. bhaya, 6. jugupsA, 7. puruSa veda, 8. strIveda, 9 npuNskved| isameM bhaya-nokaSAya ko hI bhayamohanIya-karma kahA gayA hai| jisa karma ke udaya se jIva nimittoM ko prApta karake, athavA prApta kie binA bhayabhIta hotA hai, use bhayamohanIya-karma kahate haiN| jaba bhayamohanIya-karma kA udaya hotA hai, to prANI bhayabhIta banatA hai| bhayamohanIya-karma ke udaya se zarIra meM romAMca, kaMpana, ghabarAhaTa Adi kriyAeM hotI haiM,170 jo bhaya kI utpatti kI sUcaka haiN| AcArAMganiyukti kI TIkA meM mohanIyakarma ke udaya ko bhayasaMjJA kA kAraNa batAyA hai|171 mohanIya-karma darzanamohanIya-karma cAritramohanIya-karma samyaktvamohanIya mizramohanIya mithyAtvamohanIya kaSAya nokaSAya hAsya rati arati bhaya zoka jugupsA strIveda puruSaveda napuMsakaveda 170 tattvArthasAra - 2/26 171 AcArAMganiyukti TIkA, gAthA 26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 115 3. bhayotpAdaka vacanoM ko sunakara - zravaNendriya dvArA bhayotpAdaka vacanoM ko jaba sunate haiM, to mana evaM zarIra meM bhaya kA Avega jAgrata hotA hai| vyakti bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai, usake zarIra se pasInA nikalane lagatA hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti bhI bhaya kI sUcaka hai| rAta ke aMdhere meM jaba teja havA ke jhoMkoM se zA ' ' ........... zA ' ' ........... kI tIvra dhvani hotI hai, joroM se bijalI kar3akane kI AvAja hotI hai, bAdaloM kI teja gar3agar3AhaTa hotI hai, taba mana meM bhaya kA saMcAra hotA hai| rAtri meM rone kI AvAja yA kisI ke kadamoM kI AhaTa, mana ko bhaya se vicalita kara detI hai, bhayagrasta banA detI hai| isa sthiti meM vyakti itanA Dara jAtA hai ki koI use AvAja bhI lagAe yA chue, to usake mukha se cIkha taka nikala jAtI hai| DarAvane calacitra yA sIriyala aura Horror Show Adi dekhane para bhI vyakti bhayayukta bana jAtA hai, usakI cetanA meM bhaya baiTha jAtA hai| 4. bhaya sambandhI ghaTanAoM ke cintana se - bhaya saMbaMdhI ghaTanAoM kA cintana karanA bhI bhayotpatti kA cauthA pramukha kAraNa hai| prAcIna samaya kI ghaTita ghaTanAoM kA cintana karane se, una ghaTanAoM ko kahane se, DarAvane svapna dekhane yA sunane se, unheM punaH yAda karane se, jahA~ bhaya kI ghaTanA ghaTita ho jAtI hai, punaH usa sthAna para jAne se, DarAvane naoNvela par3hane se, yA aise nATaka dekhane se evaM unake sambandha meM carcA aura cintana karane se bhaya utpanna hotA hai| jaina Agama-grantha sthAnAMgasUtra meM uparyukta cAra kAraNa bhayasaMjJA kI utpatti ke mAne gae haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhI inakA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa bhASA meM kaheM, to 'bhaya' Ane vAle khatare ke prati eka bhAvanAtmaka-soca hai, yaha 'cintA' se kahIM-na-kahIM jur3A rahatA hai| bhaya kI adhikatA yA nyUnatA hamAre jIvana kI kaI ghaTanAoM ko nirdhArita karatI hai| bahuta jyAdA khatarA hogA, to bhaya bhI bahuta jyAdA hogA, kintu kaI bAra khatarA kama bhI ho, yA vaha vAstavika bhI na ho, to bhI bhaya ho sakatA hai, kintu jainadarzana kahatA hai ki mana meM vizvAsa yA zraddhA kA bhAva ho, to bhaya kama ho sakatA hai| aise kArya karane ko prAcIna samaya meM sAhasa kahA For Personal & Private Use Only

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116 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jAtA thA, jise Aja kI bhASA meM 'riska lenA' kahate haiN| bhaya se DaranA nahIM caahie| bhayabhIta manuSya ke pAsa bhaya zIghra AtA hai172 aura svayaM DarA huA vyakti dUsaroM ko bhI DarA detA hai|" daraasala, bhaya kI kama yA adhika mAtrA manuSya ke vyavahAra (Behavior) ko prabhAvita karatI hai| eka ora bahuta jyAdA bhaya khatare ko vAstavika banA detA hai, to dUsarI ora, jarA-sA bhaya sakArAtmaka hokara hameM saphalatA dilA sakatA hai| aisI sthiti meM, vaha bhaya bhaya na hokara mAtra sAhasa ke rUpa meM jIvana meM saphalatA pAne kI preraNA detA hai| jainadarzana meM use yatanA yA sajagatA (apramAdi) kahA gayA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa, hama kaha sakate haiM ki oNsTreliyA kI TIma krikeTa bahuta acchA khelatI hai, vaha vizvakapa vijetA hai| yadi bhAratIya TIma meM yaha bhaya vyApta ho gayA ki 'hama hAra jAeMge, to phira vaha bhayAkrAnta hone ke kAraNa maidAna para lar3akhar3A jAegI aura yadi binA bhaya ke prAraMbha se hI sajagatA ke sAtha khele, to jIta bhI jaaegii| maiM nahIM hArUM- aisA bhaya jarUrI. bhI hai, nahIM to khelane meM lAparavAhI hogii| ise hI Agama meM 'jiyabhayANaM kahA gayA hai| - bhUtakAla kA koI anubhaya bhaya ko paidA karatA hai| bhaya ke kaI rUpa haiM 17kAla kA mauta kA bhaya, zarIra meM roga kA bhaya, patnI ke durAcAra kA bhaya, putrI ke zIla kI rakSA kA bhaya, santAna dvArA phijUlakharcI kA bhaya, apakIrti kA bhaya, duzmana kA bhaya, sarakAra kA bhaya, Teksa kA bhaya, 8. 172 Na bhAiyav, bhItaM khu bhayA aiMti lahuyaM / - praznavyAkaraNasUtra- 2/2 173 bhIto annaM pi hu bhesejjA, vahI- 2/2 174 bhAvanAsrota - 2, pR. 171 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 117 9. 10. 11. rUpayoM ke lene-dene meM bhaya, vizvAsaghAta kA bhaya, virodhI pakSa kA bhaya, bahiSkAra kA bhaya, asaphalatA kA bhaya, garIbI yA daridratA kA bhaya, sAtha chUTa jAne kA bhaya, adhikAra china jAne kA bhaya, svAsthya bigar3a jAne kA bhaya, adhInasthoM se hAra jAne kA bhaya, aadi| 14. 16. 17. 18. yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki bhaya hI hamArI jIvanazailI ko prabhAvita karatA hai| hamAre hara kArya meM bhaya chupA rahatA hai, jaise - 1. jIne meM marane kA bhy|| 2. AzA meM nirAzA kA bhaya / ' 3. prayatna karane meM asaphalatA kA bhaya / 4. kisI ko prema karane para badale meM prema na pAne kA bhaya / 5. apanI bhAvanA aura apane vicAra apane logoM se kahane para unake curA lie jAne kA bhy| 6. logoM se milane para rizte jur3a jAne kA bhaya / 7. jyAdA haMsane se bevakUpha samajhe jAne kA bhy| 8. jyAdA rone para jajbAtI samajhe jAne kA bhaya, aadi| yadyapi bhayasaMjJA (bhaya kI saMcetanA) sabhI meM hotI hai, phira bhI jiMdagI meM jo vyakti khatarA nahIM uThAte, sambhavataH ve jiMdagI meM duHkha-darda se baca bhI jAeM, kintu ve jIvana meM badalAva lAne, Age bar3hane yA samyak 175 bhoge rogamayaM sukhe kSayabhayaM vitte'gni bhuubhRdbhym| dAsye svAmibhayaM guNe khalabhayaM vaMze kuyossidbhym|| mAne glAnibhayaM jaye ripubhayaM, kAye kRtAMtAd bhayam / sarva nAma bhayaM bhave'tra bhavinAM vairAgyamevA'bhayam / / - upadezamAlA, gAthA 20 ke vivecana meN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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118 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jIvana jIne kI kalA ko sIkha nahIM pAte haiN| aMtataH, bhayabhIta banA rahanA, jIvana meM khatare kA sAmanA na karanA hI jIvana kI vikAsa yAtrA kA sabase bar3A khatarA bana jAtA hai| bhaya ke kAraNa ko spaSTa karate hue dArzanika je. kRSNamUrti ne kahA hai - "soca hI mUla kAraNa hai bhaya kaa| bhUtaqAla kI koI duHkhada ghaTanA bhaya paidA kara detI hai ki vaha dobArA ghaTita na ho jaae| 'bhUtakAla meM yadi sukha bhogA hai, to AdamI ko bhaya lagane lagatA hai ki bhaviSya meM kahIM vaha sukha ko kho to na degaa| soca koziza paidA karatI rahatI hai aura yaha cintA-kalpanA hI Worry, Tension Adi kA rUpa le letI hai|176 - pazu yA anya jIva bhaya kI sthiti meM pahale palAyana kI koziza karegA, anyathA AkramaNa kara degA, kintu bhaya kI sthiti meM mAnava dUsare logoM kI icchAnusAra calegA aura svayaM kI prAthamikatA tyAga degaa| Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra kisI vyakti ke Dara ko hama ina lakSaNoM se pahacAna sakate haiM - cehare ke hAvabhAva (Facial Expression), A~kheM khulI raha jAnA, bhauMhe tana jAnA, oMTha khule raha jAnA, kucha bolane meM asamartha honaa| sAmAnyataH, zArIrika-parivartanoM ko hI bhaya mAnA jAtA hai, jabaki usake pIche mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika-kAraNa bhI haiN| bhaya ke zArIrika-lakSaNa nimna haiM - 1. pasInA A jaanaa| 2. palakeM jhapakAnA yA zarIra meM romAMca honaa| 3. mA~sapeziyA~ tana jaanaa| 4. coTa lagane ke Dara se anAyAsa hI apanA ceharA yA sira DhaMka lenaa| 176 caramamaMgala (hindI mAsika patrikA), pharavarI 2008, pR. 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 119 5. acAnaka bhaya kI sthiti meM AdamI kA uchala par3anA yA usake mu~ha se cIkha nikala jAnA, jaise- chipakalI acAnaka hamAre zarIra para giratI hai, to Dara ke kAraNa cIkha nikala jAtI hai aura hRdaya kI dhar3akaneM tIvra ho jAtI haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra, bhayasaMjJA kevala manuSyoM meM hI nahIM, varana jagat ke pratyeka prANI meM vyApta hai| kala taka yaha bAta kevala zArIrika-AcAra se hI mAnI jAtI thI, lekina Aja Adhunika vijJAna isa tathya ko apane yaMtroM se bhI siddha karate haiN| vaijJAnikoM ne aba aise sUkSma yaMtra bhI vikasita kara lie haiM, jo hamAre bhItarI bhAvoM meM hone vAle parivartanoM ke kaMpanoM ko grahaNa kara skeN| yadi kisI vyakti ke sAmane acAnaka koI duSTa AdamI churA lekara khar3A ho jAe, to usa vyakti ke roma-roma meM bhaya kA saMcAra ho jaaegaa| usake zarIra kI vidyuta-taraMgeM eka khAsa DhaMga se kaMpita hone lgeNgii| vaha kaMpana usake pAsa sthita vidyuta-yaMtroM meM spaSTa dikhAI degaa| yadi vyakti usa samaya vizvAsa se bharA huA hogA, to usake zarIra meM kucha anya taraha ke kaMpana hoNge| vyakti Azcaryajanaka sthitiyoM se, athavA bhayAnaka sthitiyoM se bharA huA hai, to usakI prANa-vidyuta ke pravAha meM bhI eka alaga prakAra kA kaMpana hotA hai| ye sAre kaMpana na kevala manuSyoM meM, varan pazuoM evaM vRkSoM meM bhI bhinna-bhinna bhAva-dazAoM meM bhinna-bhinna taraha se pAye jAte haiM- aisA jaiva-vaijJAnikoM aura manovaijJAnikoM ne parIkSaNa dvArA siddha kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki eka gamale meM rakhe paudhe ke pAsa yadi koI AdamI churA lekara usa paudhe ko kATane ke bhAva se jAtA hai, to vaha paudhA ThIka usI taraha kaMpita hotA hai, jisa taraha manuSya bhayagrasta hone para kaMpita hotA hai| isa prayoga ke vizleSaNa se yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaba bhayasaMjJA ke kAraNa . upasthita hote haiM, to prANI zArIrika aura mAnasika rUpa se vicalita aura kaMpita ho jAtA hai| bhayagrasta prANI hiMsAtmaka-pravRttiyoM meM lIna ho jAne se vaha apane astitva ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra, bhaya-utpatti ke cAra pramukha kAraNoM kA ullekha pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai, lekina Adhunika manovijJAna evaM vyavahAra kI dRSTi se bhaya-utpatti ke nimna kAraNa bhI ho sakate haiM - 1. pUrvajanma ke saMskAroM ke kaarnn| For Personal & Private Use Only

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120 2. ajJAna ke kAraNa / 3. mithyA jJAna ke kaarnn| 4. ahaMkAra ke kAraNa / 1. pUrvajanma ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa bhaya Aja manovaijJAnika zArIrika - saMvedanA ko hI bhaya kA kAraNa mAna rahe haiM, kintu adhyAtmavAdI dRSTi ke anusAra bhaya Aja kI hI dena nahIM hai | hamArA astitva Aja se athavA isa janma ke sAtha hI prArambha nahIM hotA hai| hamAre varttamAna astitva ke pIche ananta - ananta janmoM kI eka zrRMkhalA hai / anAdikAla se hara janma ke saMskAra hama apanI cetanA meM sameTe hue haiM / yadyapi ve saMskAra supta - gupta haiM, kintu hama unake prabhAvoM se aprabhAvita kabhI bhI nahIM raha sakate haiM / jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva - jainadarzana ke anusAra, nigoda se ekendriya - vikalendriya aura paMcendriya avasthA ko prApta karane kA mukhya kAraNa bhaya hI hai, kyoMki jaba-jaba zatruoM ne hameM DarAyA yA hanana kiyA, taba-taba hamAre jIva ne unase bacane ke lie zakti prApta karane kA saMkalpa kiyA aura akAma - nirjarA hote-hote hameM ve sArI zaktiyA~ bhI prApta hotI giiN| hama dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya se bar3hate-bar3hate paMcendriya yoni ko upalabdha hue| pratyeka samaya jIva ko yaha ahasAsa huA ki vaha nirbala hai aura prabala zatru ko parAsta karane ke lakSya se zakti ko prApta karane kA vikalpa hI hamAre vikAsa kA kAraNa banA aura yaha pUrvajanma ke saMskAra ke kAraNa hI huaa| 2. ajJAna ke kAraNa bhaya jaba taka apane svarUpa kA jJAna nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka bhaya banA hI rahatA hai| kisI vastu kA ajJAna jIva ko bhayabhIta karatA hai / prAcIna kAla meM loga megha garjana, bijalI camakanA, ati varSA, sUkhA Adi prAkRtika ApadAoM evaM avasthAoM se bhI Darate the, kyoMki unheM ina ApadAoM kA sAmanA karane kA jJAna nahIM thA / ve inheM bhagavAn kA prakopa samajhakara inase Darate rahate the, para jaba jJAna hone lagA, to unakA bhaya bhI kama hone lgaa| jaba pahalI bAra relagAr3I calAI gaI, to koI vyakti usameM baiThane ko taiyAra nahIM huA, kyoMki loga ajJAna ke kAraNa yaha samajha For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 121 rahe the ki kyA binA U~Ta, baila, ghor3e ke yaha relagAr3I koyale se banI bhApa se cala pAegI aura yadi nahIM calI yA gira gaI, to hamArA kyA hogA ? para jaba jJAna huA, to ve sahaja hI yAtrA karane lge| kahate haiM- 'ajJAnAt jAyate bhayaM', arthAt bhaya ajJAna kI saMtati hai| 3. mithyA jJAna ke kAraNa bhaya - mithyAtva galata dhAraNA yA bhramita jAnakArI ko kahate haiN| AdamI apanI hI kalpita dhAraNAoM ko dUsaroM para Aropita karake bhayabhIta banA rahatA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa, thor3I-sI rozanI ke kAraNa dikhAI de rahI rassI ko sAMpa samajha lenA mithyAjJAna hai| jaba kisI ke bAre meM sahI jAnakArI nahIM hotI hai, to ajJAta vyakti, AvAja athavA vastu se bhI bhaya banA rahatA hai| 4. ahaMkAra ke kAraNa bhaya - ahaMkAra bhaya kA pramukha kAraNa hai| ise dUsare zabdoM meM isa prakAra bhI kaha sakate haiM ki jaba taka aMhakAra hai, taba taka bhaya banA rahatA hai| yaha ahaMkAra Atma- jJAna ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI hai| 'maiM bhI kucha hU~ -yaha ahaMkAra bhaya ko utpanna karatA hai| merA nAma koI badanAma na kara de, merI pratiSThA miTTI meM na mila jAe, Adi saba 'bhaya' ahaMkAra kI dena haiM aura aMhakAra Atma ajJAna kA pariNAma hai| uparyukta kAraNoM ke atirikta sAmAjika-maryAdAoM kA ullaMghana karane para tathA naitika AcAra saMhitA ke viparIta AcaraNa karane para, yA maryAdA kA atikramaNa karane para bhI bhaya kI utpatti hotI hai| bhaya ke duSpariNAma - bhaya ke nimnalikhita duSpariNAma mAne jA sakate haiM - 1. bhaya kI sthiti meM vyakti svayaM tanAvagrasta hotA hai| tanAvagrasta hone ke sAtha-sAtha vaha kabhI-kabhI AkrAmaka bhI ho sakatA hai, jaise - koI vyakti sAMpa yA viSaile prANI ko dekhakara pahale For Personal & Private Use Only

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122 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhayabhIta hotA hai, phira use mArane kA vicAra karatA. hai, isalie kahA hai - 'bhayabhIta vyakti kisI kA sahAyaka nahIM ho sktaa| 177 2. bhaya kA dUsarA duSpariNAma yaha hai ki jisake prati bhaya hotA hai. usake prati vizvAsa kA bhAva samApta ho jAtA hai| 3. bhaya ke pariNAmasvarUpa na kevala vyakti kA manovaijJAnika-pakSa prabhAvita hotA hai, apitu usakA daihika-pakSa bhI prabhAvita hotA hai| vaha apane zarIra se vibhinna prakAra kI pratikriyAe~ karatA hai, jaise -- cillAnA, ronA, bhAganA aadi| 4. manovaijJAnikoM ke anusAra bhaya-saMvega palAyanavAditA se jur3A huA hai| vyakti jisase aura jahA~ se bhayabhIta hotA hai, vahA~ se bhAga jAnA cAhatA hai| 5. bhayabhIta vyakti apanI surakSA ke prayatna karatA hai aura usake lie vaha vibhinna prakAra ke astra-zastroM kA saMcaya bhI karatA hai| Aja vizva meM jo astra-zastroM kI aMdhI daur3a cala rahI hai, usake pIche mUlabhUta kAraNa bhaya hI hai| 6. bhayabhIta vyakti jisase bhI bhaya rakhatA hai, usake pratyeka vyavahAra ko zaMkA kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| vaha yaha socatA hai ki ve loga mere lie SaDayaMtra raca rahe haiN| 7. bhaya vyakti ke svAsthya ko bhI prabhAvita karatA hai| bhayabhIta vyakti cAhe apane svAsthya ke prati kitanA bhI sajaga rahe, vaha nirantara zaktihIna hotA jAtA hai| usake apane daihika-poSaNa ke sAre prayatna nirarthaka ho jAte haiN| isa saMdarbha meM eka kathA pracalita hai -kisI rAjA ne kisI vyakti ko yaha nirdeza diyA ki maiM tumheM yaha bakarA detA hU~, isake samyak poSaNa kA prayatna ho, para dhyAna rahe ki vaha moTA na ho| usa vyakti ne isa hetu upAya socA, vaha use acchA bhojana detA, para usane usa bakare ke piMjare ke sAmane zera kA piMjarA rakhavA diyaa| isase vaha bakarA (jIva) sadA bhayabhIta 177 bhIto avitijjao mnnusso| - praznavyAkaraNasUtra- 2/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva banA rahA aura samyak prakAra se khAte hue bhI vaha zaktihIna hI banA rahA / 8. praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA hai - " bhayabhIta vyakti tapa aura saMyama kI sAdhanA chor3a baiThatA hai, bhayabhIta vyakti kisI bhI gurutara dAyitva ,178 ko nahIM nibhA sakatA hai| " 179 9. bhaya ke saMvega meM hamArI vibhinna graMthiyoM se jina-jina rasoM kA srAva hotA hai, vaha hamAre zarIra ko prabhAvita karatA hai / isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki bhaya se na kevala mAnasika va zArIrika-stara prabhAvita hotA hai, apitu bhaya sAmAjika stara para bhI prabhAvita karatA hai / bhaya ke kAraNa pArasparika - vizvAsa samApta ho jAtA hai aura vyakti hiMsaka va AkrAmaka bana jAtA hai, ataH bhayamukta jIvana meM hI sAmAjika - saMbaMdhoM kI madhuratA raha sakatI hai / jainadarzana meM saptavidha bhaya kI avadhAraNA tathA usakA vizleSaNa saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI meM 'bhayasaMjJA' kama yA adhika mAtrA meM avazya pAI jAtI hai| kisI-na-kisI rUpa se sabhI prANI bhayagrasta bane rahate haiM / jaina-granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki svarga ke deva bhI apane cyavana (mRtyu) kAla ko jAnakara bhayabhIta ho jAte haiN| manuSya akelA rahane se katarAtA hai, ataH niraMtara 'para' meM ulajhA rahatA hai| 'para' kI kAMkSA ( icchA) jIva ko bhUta evaM bhaviSya meM ulajhAe rakhatI hai / vaha svayaM meM jI hI nahIM pAtA hai aura usakI yaha 'para' kI kAMkSA kabhI samApta nahIM hotI hai| 179 jaise bhUta kI jAnakAriyAM evaM anubhava AdamI meM bhaviSya ke prati bhI bhaya utpanna karate haiM / bhayAkula vyakti hI bhUtoM kA zikAra hotA hai, - AdamI garIbI se bacane ke lie sampatti ekatrita karatA hai / bhaviSya kI asurakSA kA bhaya vyakti kI saMcaya yA parigraha - vRtti ko bar3hAvA detA hai / kala bImAra na ho jAU~, kala mara na jAU~, isalie AdamI Aja hI surakSA ke sAdhanoM ko DhUMDhatA hai aura unakA saMcaya karatA hai| vaha ina 178 bhIto tava saMjama pi hu mujjA / 123 bhIto ya bharaM na nittharejjA / / - bhIto bhUtehiM chippara / - praznavyAkaraNasUtra - 2 /2 praznavyAkaraNasUtra - 2 /2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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124 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva surakSAtmaka-upAyoM se kalpita AzvAsana khar3e karatA hai, jabaki ajJAnavaza yaha nahIM jAna pAtA ki bAhya-tattva isa jIva ko kahIM bhI zaraNabhUta nahIM ho sakate haiM, kyoMki hara bhautika sAdhana anitya evaM asurakSita hai| ina bhUta evaM bhaviSyakAlIna bhayoM kA vargIkaraNa karate hue pUrvAcAryoM ne saptavidha bhaya pratipAdita kie haiN| prAcIna jainagraMtha 'mUlAcAra180 meM bhaya ke sAta prakAra batAye haiM, jo nimna haiM - ____ 1. ihaloka-bhaya, 2. paraloka-bhaya, 3. AdAna-bhaya, 4. akasmAt-bhaya, 5. AjIvikA-bhaya, 6. apayaza-bhaya, aura 7. mrnnbhy| 1. ihaloka-bhaya - ihaloka, arthAt yaha loka (Present World) / jahA~ hama raha rahe haiM, vahA~ apane astitva ko banAe rakhane ke lie bhayabhIta honA, apanI hI jAti ke prANiyoM se DaranA ihaloka-bhaya hai| rAjA, zatru, cora Adi anya manuSyoM se hone vAlA bhaya ihaloka-bhaya kahalAtA hai| ihaloka-bhaya se AkrAnta manuSya krodha karatA hai| yaha krodha bhI viSama evaM pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM svayaM ko bacAne kA, svayaM ko sthApita karane kA tarIkA mAtra hai| jitanI bhI sAmAjika-hiMsAe~ haiM, ve saba ihaloka ke bhaya ke kAraNa hI haiN| eka saMsthA kA dUsarI saMsthA ke sAtha kalaha, eka rASTra kA dUsare rASTra ke sAtha baira, ihaloka-bhaya ke udAharaNa haiN| pratyeka rASTra apane yahA~ surakSA vibhAga (Defence Department) rakhatA hai| mAnava svayaM bhayabhIta hai, isalie yuddha karatA hai aura usa yuddha ko surakSA kA nAma detA hai| yadi hara rASTra apanI surakSA hI karatA hai, to phira AkramaNa kauna karatA hai ? hara deza kI rASTrIya Aya kA bahutAMza 180 ihaparaloyattAeM aNuttimaraNaM ca veyaNAkassi bhayA - mUlAcAra, gAthA 53 / (1) samayasAra/AtmakhyAti, gAthA-228 (2) paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArddha, zloka - 504-505 (3) darzanapAhuDa-2, paM. jayacandra (4) rAjavArttika, hindI, adhyAya - 6/24/517 iha paraloyA''yANA-makamha AjIva maraNa msiloe|| satta bhayaTThANAI imAiM siddhtbhnniyaaii|| - pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 234, gAthA 1320 (6) satta ya bhayaThANAI ...........-pAkSikasUtra, gAthA 33 (7) sAta mahAbhaya TAlato saptama jinavara deva -yogIrAja AnaMdaghanajI, zrI supArzvanAtha stavana, gAthA 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 125 phauja evaM surakSA vibhAga para vyaya hotA hai| manovaijJAnika satya yaha hai ki bhayabhIta vyakti hI AkramaNa karatA hai, bhayarahita vyakti hI hiMsArahita hotA hai| yaha 'ihaloka-bhaya' AdamI se vibhinna surakSAtmaka-upAyoM kI khoja karavAtA hai aura vividha takanIkI evaM yAMtrikI vikAsa kA janmadAtA hotA hai| isake kAraNa hI, yuddha meM prayukta ho sakeM, aise upakaraNoM ke anusaMdhAna meM pratyeka rASTra prayatnazIla rahatA hai| eTama bama, TAima bama, misAileM evaM anya astra-zastroM kA AviSkAra ihaloka-bhaya kA hI pariNAma hai| 2. paraloka bhaya - manuSya ko pazu-pakSI, deva Adi kI tarapha se lagane vAlA bhaya paraloka-bhaya hai| yahA~ paraloka se tAtparya vijAtIya jIvoM se hone vAle bhaya se hai| isa bhaya se grasta ho manuSya pAkhaNDa karatA hai| aMdha-vizvAsa, bali-karma, ADambara, mithyA pUjApATha Adi isI bhaya kI dena haiN| prAcIna yuga meM manuSya prAkRtika ApadAoM (varSA, bAr3ha, bijalI giranA, himapAta Adi meM bhI daivIya zakti kI kalpanA kiyA karatA thA aura Aja bhI yaha saMskAra kaI jAtiyoM meM haiN| prAcInakAla se hI prAkRtika vipadAoM se svayaM ko surakSita rakhane ke lie vividha kriyAkANDa kara devoM ko prasanna karane ke prayatna kie jAte rahe haiN| pitara-pUjA, zrAddha Adi kara AdamI isa bhaya se mukta hone kI kalpanA kiyA karatA hai| isa prakAra, 'paraloka-bhaya' kA prabhAva hamAre sAhitya, dharmagrantha evaM unakI vyAkhyAoM para bhI par3A hai| Aja vijJAna ke vikAsa ne manuSya ko kAphI hada taka isa paraloka-bhaya kI kalpanA se mukta kiyA hai| . 3. AdAna-bhaya - AdAna-bhaya, arthAt corI ho jAne yA saba kucha cale jAne kA . bhy| svayaM kI dhana, sampatti, sAmAna Adi kI corI ho jAne yA naSTa ho jAne kA bhaya AdAna-bhaya hai| yaha Dara hara saMgrahazIla vyakti meM rahatA hai| bacce bhI svayaM kI vastu kI bahuta surakSA karate haiN| unake kapar3e-khilaune Adi koI anya na le leM, isa prakAra kA bhaya bAlyakAla se hI prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| 'mRtyu saba kucha For Personal & Private Use Only

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126 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva chIna legI' -yaha jAnate hue bhI AdamI mRtyuparyaMta isa AdAna-bhaya se bhayabhIta hI banA rahatA hai aura mAyA kA sevana karatA hai, svayaM kI sampatti ko chupAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| corI nA ho jAe, kucha calA na jAe, isa hetu satata jAgarUka rahatA hai| 4. akasmAt-bhaya - akasmAt arthAt acAnaka kucha ghaTita ho jAne kA bhaya, jisake saMbaMdha meM pUrva se jAnakArI nahIM hotI hai, jaise- acAnaka vidyutpAta, A~dhI, bAr3ha, Aga, apaghAta yA durghaTanA Adi kA bhaya akasmAt-bhaya hai| isa bhaya se grasita manuSya ke parigraha evaM lobha kA vistAra hotA hai| acAnaka Ane vAlI ApadAoM kA nipaTArA karane ke lie AdamI pUrva-niyojana karatA hai| riztoM-nAtoM evaM saMbaMdhoM kA vistAra, bImA kampaniyA~, baiMka-suvidhA Adi kaI sAdhanoM kI vyavasthA karanA akasmAt-bhaya kI hI dena hai| 5. AjIvikA bhaya - jIvana-yApana ke sAdhana-rUpa roTI, kapar3A aura makAna ke nahIM milane kA bhaya AjIvikA bhaya hai| manuSya jIvana jIne ke lie sAdhanoM ko ekatrita karatA hai| hara sAdhana, jaise- roTI, kapar3A, makAna kI kImata cukAnA par3atI hai| manuSya usa kImata ko upArjita karane ke lie zrama karatA hai, kar3I mehanata karatA hai, khUna-pasInA eka karatA hai, taba kahIM jAkara vaha jIvana jIne ke lie dhana ekatrita kara pAtA hai| pratispardhA ke isa yuga meM AjIvikA kA bhaya hara sAdhAraNa manuSya ko rahatA hai| pratyeka manuSya sukha-suvidhA ke lie adhikAdhika kamAnA cAhatA hai| sAdhana sImita haiM aura icchAe~ asIma haiM, ataH icchAoM kI pUrti ke lie aura jIvana yApana ke lie dhana ke saMcaya karane kA jo bhaya banA rahatA hai, vaha AjIvikA bhaya hai| 6. apayaza-bhaya jagat, samAja, parivAra Adi meM apayaza hone yA niMdita hone ke bhaya ko apayaza-bhaya kahate haiN| AjIvikA ke prazna kA samAdhAna hote hI AdamI yaza-pratiSThA ke lie jInA zurU kara detA hai| pratyeka AdamI svayaM For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 127 ko pratiSThita dekhanA cAhatA hai aura isa pratiSThA aura Adara-satkAra meM kahIM koI kamI na Ae, yaha cAha hI use isa bhaya se grasta karatI hai| AdamI sadA apayaza se DaratA hai| vaha sadA yaha cAhatA hai ki usakI sAkha banI rahe, usakI mAna-pratiSThA banI rahe, usakA yaza khaMDita na ho| vaha apane yaza ko banAe rakhane ke lie jhUThe mAnadaNDoM ko bhI apanAtA hai, kaSTa bhI sahatA hai aura aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karatA hai| isa bhaya se pratAr3ita vyakti kabhI-kabhI bahuta anarthakArI kArya bhI kara baiThatA hai| 7. maraNa-bhaya - AdamI bImArI se nahIM maratA, AdamI maratA hai -mRtyu ke bhaya se| kisI ko kaha diyA jAe ki usake zarIra meM kaiMsara kA roga hai, yaha sunakara hI vaha hatAza ho maraNa kI ora agrasara hone lgegaa| AdamI mRtyu ke Dara se hI maratA hai, mRtyu se nhiiN| yahI bhaya maraNa-bhaya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| eka vRddha bhole AdamI ne rAta ko sote samaya dA~toM ko eka kaTore meM rakha diyaa| eka baccA vahA~ AyA aura dA~toM ko khilaunA samajhakara le gyaa| vaha AdamI subaha uThA, aura usane apane pAsa meM rakhe dA~toM ko DhUMDhUMDhA, lekina ve nahIM mile| usake mana meM kalpanA jAgI -'ho sakatA hai rAta ko nIMda meM maiM dA~toM ko nigala gayA houuNgaa|' tatkAla usake peTa meM asahya pIr3A hone lgii| vaha pIr3A se chaTapaTAne lgaa| ghara vAle Ae, DaoNkTara ko bulAyA gyaa| DaoNkTara ne kahA -"oNparezana hogaa|' kalpanA hI kalpanA meM sArI sthiti bigar3a gii| peTa meM asahya pIr3A ho rahI thI, vaha yathArtha to thI, parantu thI klpnaajnit| kucha dera bAda vahI baccA hAtha meM dA~toM kI jor3I lie A phuNcaa| dA~toM ko dekhate hI usa AdamI kA darda gAyaba ho gayA aura vaha svastha ho gyaa| gharavAle dekhate hI raha ge| __aisA hamAre jIvana meM pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai ki roga mAratA nahIM, roga kA bhaya mAratA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhaya kI avadhAraNA - Adhunika manovijJAna meM vATasana (Watson,1920} ke anusAra bhaya saMvega ke vikAsa meM anubaMdha (Conditioning} kA vizeSa hAtha hotA For Personal & Private Use Only

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128 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hai| alabarTa (Albert) nAmaka eka bacce para unakA isa prayojana meM kiyA gayA prayoga ullekhanIya hai| bacce apane Dara ke saMvega kI abhivyakti apane-Apako pharnIcara Adi ke pIche chipAkara yA phira jora se cillAkara karate haiM, parantu bar3e ho jAne para bhaya kI abhivyakti cehare ke hAva-bhAva (Facial expression) ke dvArA karate haiN|182 ___'bhaya vyakti meM vidyamAna prArambhika aura AdhArabhUta mUla pravRtti hai, jise vyakti eka kramabaddha zArIrika-kriyA dvArA vyakta karatA hai, jo vyakti ke vyavahAra para pratyakSa prabhAva DAlatA hai|' - vilsana bhaya eka sazakta bhAva hai, joki khatare kA AbhAsa karAtA hai, isameM vyakti chipane aura bacane kA prayatna karatA hai, sAtha hI bhaya eka manovyathA bhI hai, jo vibhinna prakAra ke rogoM ko janma detI hai, jisake kAraNa jIvana nArakIya ho jAtA hai| manovaijJAnika horesa phalecA ne bhaya kI tulanA eka aisI jaharIlI gaisa se kI hai, jo jIvana ke lie atyanta hAnikAraka hai| -"A number of situations are known to elicit an identifible pattern of behavior called fear."183 manovaijJAnika evaM AdhyAtmika -donoM hI dRSTikoNoM se dekheM, to jJAta hotA hai ki bhaya sabhI prakAra ke mAnasika-vicalanoM kA pramukha kAraNa hai| vaoNTasana (Watson), zeyaramena (Sherman), brIjasa (Bridges) Adi manovaijJAnikoM ne sarvaprathama Dara (Fear) ko antarikSa se girate samaya mahasUsa kiyA thaa| ve gire, to asaMtulana ke kAraNa sarvaprathama Dara lagA aura jaba saMbhala gae, to Dara calA gyaa| ___ jarasila aura co-worker ne apane prayoga ke AdhAra para kahA hai ki bhaya ina cAra prakAra se ho sakatA hai184 - 1. jAnavaroM kI pratikriyAoM se, 2. AvAja se, 3. Ane vAlI Apatti kI sUcanA se aura 4.Azcaryajanaka vastu ko dekhkr| 182 Adhunika sAmAnya manovijJAna, arUNakumAra siMha, AzISakumAra siMha, pR. 424 183 Basic Psychology, P. 100 184 Jersild and his co-workers (1933). In their study four type of stimuli were used to elicit fear. There were (a) animals, (b) noises, (c) threats and (d) strange things - Basic Psychology, P. 101 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 129 unhoMne prayoga ke mAdhyama se yaha siddha kiyA hai ki choTI umra ke bacce, jo nAsamajha haiM, unheM teja AvAja aura anajAna vyakti yA vastu se adhika Dara lagatA hai, jabaki bar3I umra ke baccoM ko bhayAnaka jAnavaroM aura Ane vAlI Apatti se adhika bhaya lagatA hai| manovijJAna ke anusAra Pain, Anxiety, worry & Phobias- yaha saba bhaya ke hI vividha prakAra kahe jA sakate haiM, parantu tIvratA ke krama ke anusAra inameM aMtara dikhAI detA hai| darda aura bhaya (Pain & Fear) meM ghaniSTa sambandha hai| darda isa . bAta kA sUcaka hai ki daihika-saMracanA ko khatarA hai| vaha yaha batAtA hai ki zarIra meM koI khataranAka ghaTanA ghaTita hone vAlI hai, jaise - kisI vyakti kI aMgulI jalatI hai, to vaha hAtha khIMca letA hai, yA apanI aMgulI ko vahA~ se alaga kara letA hai| isa prakAra, darda kI anubhUti vyakti ko surakSAtmaka vyavahAra karane ke lie prerita karatI hai aura yaha surakSAtmaka-vyavahAra bhaya ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| manovaijJAnikoM ke anusAra, Dara (Fear) tathA duzcintA (Anxiety)- donoM eka-dUsare se kAphI saMbaMdhita saMvega (Related emotion) haiN| Dara eka aisI saMvegAtmaka- sthiti hai, jisameM kisI aisI khataranAka (dangerous) vastu yA ghaTanA ke prati vyakti apanI pratikriyA vyakta karatA hai, jisase vaha AsAnI se chuTakArA nahIM pA sktaa| duzcintA (Anxiety) cirakAlika Dara kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| duzcintA meM mAnasika- sthiti aspaSTa hotI hai, lekina yaha saMcayI hotI hai aura pratyeka kSaNa yaha eka khAsa sthiti taka bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| yadi hama vayaska vyakti ke bhaya aura ciMtA kA adhyayana kareM, to sarvaprathama vyakti una bhayakAraka paristhitiyoM ko sIkhatA hai, jo vastutaH duHkha utpanna karatI haiM, jaise - eka baccA agni se hAtha jala jAne ke bAda darda kI anubhUti se yaha nizcita kara letA hai ki Aga ke saMparka se darda hotA hai, ataH vaha Aga se bhayabhIta hotA rahatA hai| isa prakAra; bhaya, darda aura cintA -ye tInoM eka-dUsare se abhinna rUpa se jur3e hue haiN| jo-jo duHkhada anubhUtiyA~ haiM, ve saba bhaya ko janma detI haiN| cintA, bhaya aura duHkha -ye tInoM zabda eka-dUsare se sambandhita haiM, kintu ina tInoM meM eka krama bhI hai| duHkha kI anubhUtiyA~ bhaya ko utpanna karatI haiM aura bhaya se For Personal & Private Use Only

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130 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva cintA kA janma hotA hai| jaise-jaise duHkhada anubhUtiyA~ hameM anubhUta hotI haiM, vaise-vaise hama unase bhayabhIta hone lagate haiM aura bhaviSya meM ina bhayAnaka sthitiyoM kA sAmanA na karanA par3e, isalie cintita rahate haiN| ___ bhaya vyakti ko bhayabhIta karatA hai aura cintA mAnasika taura para nirantara bhaya ko banAe rakhatI hai| eka sipAhI pahalI bAra mazInagana calAtA hai aura use calAte samaya usake hAtha-paira kampita hone lagate haiM, to yaha vyavahAra bhaya ko pradarzita karatA hai| vahI sipAhI svapna meM jaba mazInagana calAtA hai, to nidrA meM hI bhaya se pasInA-pasInA ho jAtA hai| . isa prakAra kA bhaya kA saMvega cintA hI kahalAtA hai| yaha cintA vaha duHkhada sthiti hai, jo vyakti ke citta meM baiTha jAtI hai| isa prakAra, duHkhada anubhUti se bhaya, bhaya se cintA aura cintA se bhaya kI nirantaratA bana jAtI hai| ise hI aMgrejI meM phobiyA (Phobias) kahate haiN| durbhIti (Phobias) eka bahuta hI sAmAnya cintA vikRti hai, jisameM vyakti kisI aisI viziSTa vastu (object) yA paristhiti (situation) se satata evaM asaMtulita mAtrA meM DaratA hai, jo vAstava meM vyakti ke lie koI khatarA yA na ke barAbara khatarA utpanna karatA hai| udAharaNArtha- eka vyakti kabhI nAva meM baitthaa| saMyoga se vaha nAva ulaTa gaI aura vaha vyakti DUbane lgaa| yadyapi use DUbate hue bacA liyA gayA, kintu usake mana meM pAnI, nadI aura nAva ke prati bhaya ke sthAyI bhAva kA saMcAra ho gyaa| bhaya kA yaha sthAyI bhAva hI phobiyA (Phobia) kahA jAtA hai| yaha sthAyI bhaya kabhI daihika-kAraNajanya bhI hotA hai aura kabhI mAnasika-kAraNajanya bhii| kisI pAgala kutte ke kATane para hama kutte se Darane lagate haiN| yaha daihika-stara para hone vAlA phobiyA hai, lekina nadI meM DUbate hue bacA liye gaye vyakti ke mana meM jo bhaya banA hai, vaha mAnasika-stara kA 'phobiyA' hai| sailigamena evaM rojenahAna (Seligman & Rosenhan, 1998) ne durbhIti ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai -"durbhIti evaM satata Dara pratikriyA hai, jo khatare kI vAstavikatA ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 131 anupAta se pare hotA hai| 185 manovaijJAnikoM ne aneka prakAra ke bhaya ke sthAyI bhAvoM (phobiyA) kA varNana kiyA hai, jo vizeSa sthitiyoM meM utpanna hote haiM, jinameM se kucha nimna haiM - Acro Phobia186 High place | U~cAI ko dekhane se, Agoraphobia Open place khule sthAna ko dekhane se, Algophobia Pain darda ke kAraNa, Astraphobia Storms, thunder | tUphAna, bijalI Adi and lightening kAraNa, ke Claustro phobia closed places | baMda sthAna ko dekhakara, Hemato phobia Blood | khUna ko dekhakara, Mysophobia Contamination | bhraSTatA aura kIr3oM ke kAraNa, or germs Monophobia being alone akele rahane ke kAraNa, 185 A phobia is persistent fear reaction that is strongly out of proportion on the reality of the danger - Seligman & Rosenhan : Abnormality 1998,.P. 125 86 Abnormal Phychology and Modern life -- James C. Coleman P.N. 128. For Personal & Private Use Only

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132 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva Nyctophobia Darkness aMdhere ke kAraNa, . Ocholophobia Crowds bhIr3abhAr3a ke kAraNa, Pathophobia Disease bImAriyoM ke kAraNa, Pyrophobia Fire Aga ke kAraNa, Syphilophobia Syphilis upadaMza roga ke kAraNa, Zoophobia Animal or some | jAnavara aura vizeSa prakAra ke particular jAnavara ko dekhane para, animal isa prakAra ke sthAyI bhAva (phobiyA) bhaya ko utpanna karate haiN| phobiyA grIka zabda hai, jisakA artha hai- bhy| manovaijJAnikoM ke anusAra, phobiyA hamezA se insAnoM ke sAtha rahA hai| zaktizAlI mazInaganoM, khataranAka U~cAiyoM, zArka ke jabar3oM, giddha ke paMkhoM, zikArI kuttoM ke dA~toM, kisI mRta vyakti kI AvAja se paidA hone vAlA bhaya, khUna kI eka bUMda ko bhI dekhane se utpanna bhaya, yaha avAstavika Dara (bhaya) vijJAna kI bhASA meM phobiyA kahalAtA hai| TelIphona se lekara kampyUTara, kAra taka ke phobiyA khoje jA cuke haiN| phobiyAlisTa DaoNTa kaoNma para eka hajAra se jyAdA phobiyA maujUda haiM, jinameM sAdhAraNa se lekara viziSTa phobiyA zAmila haiN| 187 phobiyA kI kaI vajaheM hotI haiM, kaI bacce mAtA-pitA kI cetAvanI se phobiyAgrasta ho jAte haiM, yA phira kucha apane mAtA-pitA ko kisI 187 ahA! jiMdagI, maI-2010, pRSTha-18 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 133 vastu se Darate hue dekhakara Darane lagate haiN| kucha baccoM meM phobiyA taba vikasita hotA hai, jaba Dara kI pratikriyA kI atizayokti ho jAtI hai| Dara dimAga kI upaja hai, lekina isakA asara mana aura zarIra -donoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| kabhI-kabhI yaha saMvedanA itanI prabhAvazAlI hotI hai ki vyaktitva kA hissA bana jAtI hai aura astitva ke lie hI khatarA bana jAtI hai| mana meM kahIM yaha ehasAsa majabUta hone lagatA hai ki yaha Dara Apake sAtha hI khatma hogA, parantu bhAratIya-manovaijJAnika aura DaoN. haoNvarDa lAibagolDa ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki Dara kA ilAja saMbhava hai| unhoMne dasa hajAra logoM ko bhayAnaka DaroM se mukti dilavAI hai| cAhe vaha logoM ke bIca bolane kA Dara ho, yA U~cAI kA Dara, eliveTara kA Dara ho, yA titaliyoM kA Dara, sAMpa kA Dara yA DaoNkTara ke pAsa jAne kA ddr| DaoN. phIyara logoM ko apane Dara kA sAmanA karane aura usase nijAta dilavAne ke lie varkazApa Ayojita karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki sabhI phobiyA sAmAnya ciMtAoM aura Dara kI jhUThI atiraMjanA haiN| Dara sArvabhaumika hai aura svIkArokti meM hI isakA ilAja chipA hai| jaba Apa khuda ko Dara kI thor3I khurAka dete haiM aura Apako kucha nahIM hotA, to Apa isa bAta meM yakIna karane lagate haiM ki AkhirakAra yaha Apako nahIM mAra sktaa| yaha vizvAsa Ate hI Dara (phobiyA) dhIre-dhIre calA jaaegaa| isa prakAra hama phobiyA se baca sakate haiN| jaina-manovijJAna meM zaMkA, AkAMkSA, vicikitsA- ye saba bhaya ke hI rUpa mAne jAte haiN| zaMkA jahA~ bhaya hogA, vahA~ zaMkA (Doubt) avazya hogii| jo DaratA hai, vaha sadA saMvedanazIla banA rahatA hai| zaMkA sadaiva phala ke prati saMdeharUpa hotI hai| pratyeka manuSya apane karmoM ke phala ke prati zaMkAgrasta rahatA hai ki kala kyA hogA? bahuta saMgharSa, mehanata evaM parAkrama dvArA dhana, vaibhava aura ucca sthiti ko prApta kiyA hai| hama Darate haiM ki kala yaha saba calA jAe, to kyA kareMge? isa prakAra kI zaMkA sadA banI rahatI hai ki merI surakSA ko koI khatarA to nahIM hai? merA jIvana surakSita rahe- isI bhayagrasta vRtti ke kAraNa saMsAra meM niraMtara hiMsA, saMgharSa, pratispardhA banI rahatI hai| ApasI riztedAroM meM pArasparika sambandhoM meM taba-taba saMdeha paidA hotA hai, jaba-jaba For Personal & Private Use Only

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134 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AdamI ko apane nihita svArthoM meM koI bAdhA pratIta hotI hai| jaba bhI kisI ke prati saMdeha hamAre mana meM paidA hotA hai, to usake pIche svayaM ke hitoM kI rakSA kI bhAvanA hI mukhyataH kAma karatI hai| yaha zaMkA eka asamyaka soca kA pariNAma hai| 18 vIM zatAbdI ke avadhUta yogIrAja zrI AnaMdaghanajI kRta zrI saMbhavanAtha stavanAvalI meM kahA hai - bhaya caMcalatA ho je pariNAmanI re..... | vicAroM kI cacalatA ko bhaya kahate haiN| pariNAma kaho, adhyavasAya kaho, manobhAva kaho athavA vicAra kaho, eka hI haiN| jaba ye caMcala banate haiM, to bhaya ke bhUta nAcane lagate haiN| bhaya kA prAraMbha zaMkA se hotA hai aura mana caMcala bana jAtA hai| AkAMkSA AkAMkSA, arthAt cAha, kAmanA, suvidhAoM yA svahita kI pUrti kI caah| ye sAre Avega bhaya ke kAraNa bhI hote haiN| agara koI bhaya na ho, to vyakti mahattvAkAMkSI bhI nahIM hogaa| sArI AkAMkSAe~ AdamI kI bhaya-vRtti kA pratibimba haiN| hameM marane kA bhaya hai, isIlie jIne kI AkAMkSA hai, asuvidhA kA bhaya hai, to suvidhA kI AkAMkSA hai, asurakSA kA bhaya hai, to surakSA kI AkAMkSA hai, apayaza kA bhaya hai, to yaza kI AkAMkSA hai, asaphalatA kA Dara hai, to saphalatA kI kAmanA hai| vastutaH, hara prakAra kI cAha, tRSNA, kAmanA 'bhaya' kA hI pariNAma hai| jise abhaya upalabdha hai, vaha sarva kAmanAoM se rahita hai| jise jitanI jyAdA prApti kI lAlasA hai, use utanA hI jyAdA bhaya hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka garIba se eka amIra jyAdA bhayabhIta hai| eka sAdhAraNa AdamI binA aMgarakSaka (Body Guard) ke rahatA hai, kintu rAjA yA netA nahIM, kyoMki usakI kAmanAoM kA saMsAra jyAdA hai, prApti kI lAlasA jyAdA hai| yaha AkAMkSA jIvana- paryanta yojanAoM kA nirmANa karAtI rahatI hai aura ye taraha-taraha kI yojanAe~ AdamI ko niraMtara azAMta, baicena aura tanAvagrasta banAe rakhatI haiN| kAMkSA bhaya se utpanna hotI hai aura kAMkSA-pUrti ke sAdhanoM kA saMcaya surakSA kI mAMga karatA hai tathA surakSA kI kAmanA punaH bhaya utpanna karatI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 135 vicikitsA - vicikitsA zabda kA artha hotA hai- aalock-dRsstti| jahA~ bhaya hai, vahA~ kapaTa hai, mAyA arthAt pradarzana hai, dikhAvA hai, kathanI-karanI meM bhinnatA hai| jo AdamI bAra-bAra sAhasI hone kA prayAsa karatA hai, vAstava meM vaha AdamI bahuta DarA huA hai| eka Darapoka apane-Apako bahAdura batAne kA prayAsa karatA hai, niDara nhiiN| yaha eka manovaijJAnika-satya hai ki AdamI jaisA hotA hai, svayaM ko usase ulTA pradarzita karatA hai| eka ImAnadAra vyakti ke mana meM jarA bhI yaha khyAla nahIM AtA hai ki maiM jAU~ aura logoM ko kahU~ ki maiM ImAnadAra, zarIpha AdamI hU~, kintu eka beImAna AdamI dina meM pacAsoM bAra yaha kahatA rahatA hai ki maiM ImAnadAra AdamI hU~, jubAna kA pakkA huuN| jhUThA AdamI bAta-bAta meM bhagavAn kI kasama khAtA rhegaa| yaha sArA vyavahAra, AdamI ke dogalepana ko ujAgara karatA hai, jo usake bhItara ke bhaya kA hI pariNAma hai| eka abhaya ko upalabdha AdamI na to pradarzana karegA, na hI jhUThI pratiSThA pAne kI lAlasA rkhegaa| pratiSThA kI kAmanA se kiyA gayA hara vyavahAra svayaM meM nihita zaMkA, AkAMkSA va vicikitsA kA honA pramANita karatA hai| vicikitsA jhUThI pratiSThA kI kAmanA hai evaM isakI pariNati mAyA hai, kapaTa hai| para ke prati AkarSaNa para ke prati AkarSaNa, arthAta apane se anya ke prati aakrssnn| dUsaroM ke prati AkarSaNa yaha batalAtA hai ki hama svayaM se Dare hue haiM, kyoMki jo svasattA kI garimA se vaMcita hai, vahI dUsaroM ko nihAratA hai, dUsare ko pAnA cAhatA hai| kahate haiM, parAI thAlI meM ghI jyAdA usI ko dikhAI detA hai, jise svayaM kI thAlI kI gaharAI kA jJAna na ho| agara AdamI meM pratiSThA kI kAmanA na rahe, to usameM kisI bhI prakAra ke nAma kA, pada kA, adhikAra kA, AkarSaNa hI nahIM rhegaa| yahA~ taka ki suMdara-suMdara paridhAnoM kA AkarSaNa bhI yaha sUcita karatA hai ki hama saba apanI kurUpatA se bhayabhIta haiM aura apane vAstavika saundarya se aparicita haiM, ataH anya ke prati AkarSaNa aura dikhAvA bhI bhaya ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| atyanta gaharAI se dekheM, to apane nAma, makAna, dukAna, paisA, sampatti, dhana Adi ke pradarzana ke pIche bhI bhaya kI hI bhUmikA hai| hama svayaM kI paripUrNatA ko nahIM jAnate, ataH para padArthoM se apanI pratiSThA ko banAe rakhane ke lie pradarzana karate haiN| yaha Dara hai ki merA honA kaise vyakta ho, For Personal & Private Use Only

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136 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva loga kaise jAne ? kaise mAne ? ki maiM bhI kucha huuN| basa yahI bhaya vyakti ke hRdaya meM hotA hai aura para padArthoM meM apane astitva ko kho detA hai| isa prakAra, bhAratIya-manovijJAna ne bhaya ko vibhinna rUpoM meM batAyA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhaya kI avadhAraNA aura usakI jainadarzana se tulanA jainadarzana meM jo saMjJA kI avadhAraNA hai, vaha vastutaH prANI-vyavahAra ke preraka tattva ke rUpa meM hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM mUlapravRttiyA~ (Instincts) aura saMvega (Emotions) mAne gae haiN| jisa prakAra jainadarzana meM AhArasaMjJA ke bAda bhayasaMjJA kA ullekha hai, usI prakAra Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhI bhUkha kI mUla-pravRtti ke pazcAt bhaya ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| maikaDyUgala (McDougall) ne jina caudaha mUla pravRttiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM bhaya kA bhI, ullekha milatA hai| ye caudaha mUla pravRttiyA~ nimna haiM 188 - 1. palAyanavRtti (bhaya), 2. ghRNA, 3. jijJAsA, 4. AkrAmakatA (krodha), 5. Atma-gaurava kI bhAvanA (mAna), 6. AtmahInatA, 7. mAtRtva kI saMpreraNA, 8. samUha-bhAvanA, 9. saMgrahavRtti, 10. racanAtmakatA, 11. bhojanAnveSaNa, 12. kAma, 13. caraNAgati aura 14. hAsya (aamod)| Adhunika manovijJAna yaha mAnatA hai ki bhaya kI nivRtti ke lie prANI palAyana karatA hai, jabaki jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki bhaya se mukti ke lie vyakti ko abhaya kA vikAsa karanA hogaa| Adhunika manovijJAna aura vizeSa rUpa se maikaDyUgala mUlapravRtti ke rUpa meM bhaya ko svIkAra to karate haiM, kintu ve yaha mAnate haiM ki bhaya se mukti saMbhava nahIM, jabaki jainadarzana kA kahanA hai ki abhaya kA vikAsa kara aura mamatva kA tyAga kara vyakti bhaya se vimukta ho sakatA hai| ___ jainadarzana aura Adhunika manovijJAna meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara yaha bhI hai ki Adhunika manovijJAna bhaya se mukti ke lie palAyana ko sthAna detA hai, jabaki jainadarzana prANI meM palAyana-vRtti ko svIkAra karake bhI yaha 188 jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 462 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 137 mAnatA hai ki yaha ucita nhiiN| bhaya se DaranA nahIM cAhie, kyoMki bhayabhIta manuSya ke pAsa bhaya zIghra AtA hai|189 / bhaya ke prakAroM ko lekara bhI jainadarzana meM gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM bhaya ke sAta prakAra 190 batAe gae haiM - 1. ihaloka-bhaya, 2. paraloka- bhaya, 3. AdAna-bhaya, 4. akasmAt-bhaya. 5. AjIvikA-bhaya, 6. apayaza-bhaya aura 7. maraNa-bhaya, lekina Adhunika manovijJAna kI pustakoM meM na to isa prakAra kA vargIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai aura na hI una prakAroM para gahana cintana kI prastuti dekhane ko milatI hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnika zArIrika-saMvedanA ko hI bhaya kA kAraNa mAna rahe haiM, kintu jainadarzana ke anusAra bhaya ke saMskAra anAdikAla se hamArI cetanA meM gupta rUpa se vidyamAna haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra bhaya-saMvega ke kAraNa vyakti azAnta aura zaMkAgrasta bana jAtA hai aura usakI mAnasika sthiti para prabhAva par3atA hai, para jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki bhaya ke kAraNa vyakti ahiMsaka-vRtti ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| binA ahiMsaka bane dharma-sAdhanA aura mukti sambhava nahIM hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhaya kI utpatti ke cAra kAraNa batAe gae haiM aura jainadarzana meM bhI cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha hai, para donoM ke kAraNoM meM bhinnatA hai| __ Adhunika manovijJAna91 jainadarzana192 1. jAnavaroM se (Animals) | 1. sattvahInatA ke kAraNa 199 Na bhAiyAbvaM, mItaM khu bhayA aiMti lhuyN| - praznavyAkaraNasUtra 2/2 190 sammAddiTTI jIvA NissaMkA hoti vighbhayA tenn| sattabhayavippamukkA jamhA tamhA du nnissNkaa|| - samayasAra, gAthA 228 191 Basic Psychology, P.101 192 sthAnAMgasUtra - 4/580 For Personal & Private Use Only

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138 2. AvAja se (Noises) jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 2. bhayamohanIya karma ke udaya se 3. Ane vAlI Apatti kI sUcanA se 3 bhayotpAdaka vacanoM ko sunakara (Threats) 4. Azcaryajanaka vastu ko dekhakara 4. bhaya - saMbaMdhI ghaTanAoM ke cintana (Strange Things) se / Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra bhaya se bacane ke lie vizeSa prakAra kI auSadhi Adi kA sevana kiyA jAtA hai, lekina jainadarzana meM bhaya - mukti ke lie prekSA, anuprekSA, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna para adhika bala diyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra, jainadarzana aura Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhaya - saMvega ko lekara batAyA gayA hai ki bhaya donoM hI darzanoM meM hai, para vyavahAra - rUpa se inameM antara dikhAI detA hai, lekina mUla meM bhaya kI pravRtti samAna hI hai / bhaya mukti aura abhaya kI sAdhanA bhaya eka tIvra saMvega hai / jaba bhaya kI sthiti hotI hai, usa samaya AdamI kI mukhamudrA nirAzApUrNa aura azAMta hotI hai| yahA~ mudrA se tAtparya cehare kI AkRti se hai| Dare hue AdamI ke pAsa koI dUsarA jAkara baiThegA, usake mana meM bhI acAnaka baicenI paidA ho jaaegii| yaha kyoM huA, kaise huA? use patA nahIM calegA, para vaha baicena bana jAegA / abhaya kA bhAva jaba-jaba jAgatA hai, taba-taba abhaya kI mudrA kA nirmANa hotA hai| abhaya kI mudrA kA bAharI lakSaNa hai praphullatA (Happiness) / isameM ceharA khila jAtA hai, vyakti prasanna, Anandamaya aura nirbhaya pratIta hotA hai| usake cehare para koI samasyA, koI tanAva najara nahIM AtA hai| jaba 'bhaya' kI bhAva-dhArA hotI hai, to hamAre zarIra kA simpethaiTika narvasa sisTama - 193 "Emotions are inciters to action" Geldard Fundamentals of psychology, 1963, P. 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 139 (sahayogI nAr3I- tantra) sakriya ho jAtA hai, yAnI piMgalA nAr3I sakriya ho jAtI hai aura jaba abhaya kI bhAva-dhArA hotI hai, to pairAsimpethaiTika narvasa sisTama (parAsahayogI nAr3I-tantra) sakriya ho jAtA hai, arthAt ir3A nAr3I kA pravAha sakriya ho jAtA hai| usa samaya koI uttejanA nahIM hotI, zAMti aura sukha kA anubhava hotA hai, saba kucha acchA lagatA hai|194 prazna yaha hai ki bhaya se mukta hokara abhaya kI sAdhanA kisa prakAra se kareM? adhika-se-adhika abhaya kI bhAva-dhArA ko kaise pravAhita kara sakeM? adhika-se-adhika abhaya ko kaise anubhUta kara sakeM ? bhaya aura abhaya kI sAdhanA meM yaha spaSTa hai ki bhaya heya (tyAjya) hai aura abhaya upAdeya (graahy)| hameM bhaya kI bhAva-dhArA ko tyAganA hai aura abhaya kI bhAva-dhArA ko vikasita karanA hai| ___ jaina-zAstroM meM do zabda milate haiM - bhaya aura usakA viloma abhy| 'abhaya' zabda tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke lie zakrastava stotra meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai, unheM abhaya dayANam - arthAt abhaya-pradAtA kahA gayA hai, magara cintana kA viSaya yaha hai ki bhaya ko saMjJA kahA gayA hai, abhaya ko nahIM, kyoMki abhaya to Atma cetanA hai, apramAda kI dazA hai| jainadarzana meM AtmA kI avasthA ko do rUpoM meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai - svabhAvagata aura vibhaavgt| abhaya svabhAvagata hai, ataH uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - abhaya ko cAhane vAloM dUsaroM ko abhaya pradAna karo, kyoMki abhaya kI bhAva-dhArA abhaya se hI bhegii|195 svabhAva AtmA kA apanA nija dharma hai, jabaki vibhAva usakI bhrAnta-dazA yA bhramaNA hai| vaidika-darzana meM ise hI mAyA zabda se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| isa bhramaNA ko, vibhAva kI gahana manaHsthiti ko hI cAra saMjJAoM ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai, jo zarIra aura indriyoM ke rahate hI saMbhava hai, jaise - AhArasaMjJA zarIra-dharma hone se vibhAvadazA hai, kyoMki AtmA kA svabhAva nirAhAra hai| isI prakAra, maithuna aura parigraha bhI zarIra aura indriyoM se hI sambandhita haiM, joki zarIra kI mAMga yA manaHsthiti ko parilakSita karate haiN| usI prakAra, bhaya taba taka hI saMbhava hai, jaba taka ki 194 abhaya kI khoja, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 72 195 abhaopatthivA ! tabbhaM abhayadAyA bhavAhi y| aNicce jIvalogammi ki hiMsAe psjjkhi|| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 18, gAthA 11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AtmA ke pAsa zarIra hai, jaba taka zarIra ke prati liptatA yA mamatva - vRtti hai, kyoMki chinane kA, khone kA bhaya taba hI hotA hai, jaba 'para' ke prati mamatva hotA hai| jaba liptatA hI nahIM rahatI, to bhaya kaisA ? ataH bhaya eka manobhAva hai, bhrAnti hai, isIlie jainadarzana meM saMjJA vibhAvadazA hai, magara abhaya AtmA kA nijadharma hai, svabhAvadazA hai, vaha saMjJA (vAsanA) nahIM hai / 140 prabhu mahAvIra ne sAdhakoM ko bhaya se abhaya kI ora jAne ke lie ahiMsA mahAvrata kI saMpadA pradAna kI hai| gRhastha-sAdhakoM ke lie ve hI aNuvrata - rUpa haiM tathA anagAra - sAdhakoM ke lie mahAvrata rUpa / ye pA~ca vrata kramaza: isa prakAra haiM - prathama, prANAtipAta - viramaNavrata, dvitIya, mRSAvAda - viramaNavrata, tRtIya, adattAdAna - viramaNavrata, caturtha, maithuna - viramaNavrata, paMcama, parigraha - viramaNavrata / I ye pA~coM vrata sAdhana haiM, sAdhya nahIM / sAdhya to abhaya ho jAnA hai, bhayarahita ho jAnA hai, kyoMki jainadarzana ke anusAra, sabhI prANiyoM ke bhItara nirantara calI A rahI bhaya - vRtti se mukta hue binA koI mukta arthAt abhaya ko prApta nahIM ho sakatA / mukta hone ke lie hamArI ekamAtra kamajorI, jo jItane lAyaka hai, vaha hai bhaya / mahAn sAhityakAra AcArya haribhadra dvArA racita lalitavistarA graMtha meM 'namo jiNANaM jiyabhayANaM' kI vyAkhyA meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki jinhoMne bhaya ko jIta liyA hai, ve hI jina hote haiM, anya koI nhiiN| 196 abhaya kI sAdhanA sapta bhayoM ko jItane kI sAdhanA hai / jinhoMne bhaya ko jIta liyA, ve abhaya ho ge| abhaya ko prApta karane ke lie hiMsA, caurya, adatta, maithuna, parigraha - sabhI para vijaya prApta karane ke prayAsa karanA hoNge| 196 namo jinebhya jitabhayebhya - lalitavistarA, pR. 228 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 141 1. prANAtipAta-viramaNa-vrata - jIva-hiMsA kA vicAra bhaya ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotA hai| jitanI bhI hiMsA hai, AkrAmaka-vRtti hai, vaha Atma-surakSA ke bhaya se utpanna huI pratikriyA-rUpa hai| yadi jIva meM svayaM ke bacAva kI bhAvanA na ho, to vaha dUsare jIvoM para AkramaNa kyoM kare? kyoM dUsaroM ko dabAe, DarAe, gulAma banAe ? hiMsA kA mahattvapUrNa kAraNa jIva kI mAnasikatA meM chupI huI bhayavRtti hai| jitane bhI hiMsaka sAdhanoM kA, astra-zastroM kA nirmANa hotA hai, vaha kyoM hotA hai ? kyoMki hama apanI surakSA cAhate haiN| kahate haiM ki hamAre zarIra ke aMgopAMga bhI bhaya ke kAraNa hI vikasita hue haiN| jaba yaha prANI ekendriya-yoni meM thA, vahA~ se dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya - ye sArI avasthAe~ jIva meM apane-Apa surakSA kI bhAvanA se hI vikasita huI haiN| siMha, bAgha, aura jaMgalI jAnavaroM ke nAkhUna bahuta tIkhe evaM bar3e hote haiM, ve AdamI ke zarIra ko phAr3a DAlate haiN| unase bacane ke lie AdamI ne sarvaprathama bhAle banAe, phira dhanuSa-bANa banAe aura phira dhIre-dhIre sabhI hathiyAra svajAti-bhaya aura parajAti-bhaya se bacane ke lie AviSkRta hote gae aura Aja hama paramANu bama ke yuga taka pahuMca gae haiN| tabhI AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai atthi satthaM pareNaparaM, natthi asatthaM pareNaparaM / / 197 arthAta, zastra (hiMsA ke sAdhana) eka se bar3hakara eka ho sakate haiM, kintu azastra (abhaya) se bar3hakara kucha nahIM, ataH yadi hama bhayarahita ho jAte haiM, to hiMsA svayameva hI samApta ho jaaegii| bhaya aura para ke prati mamatvavRtti se jitane-jitane aMza meM mukti hogI, utane-utane hI hama abhaya yA mukti kI dizA meM agrasara hoNge| 2. mRSAvAda-viramaNa-vrata - asatya kI vRtti bhI bhaya se hI hotI hai| usakA nimitta bhI bhaya hI hai| bhaya se hI vyakti jhUTha bolatA hai| mRSAvAdaviramaNa-vrata yaha batAtA hai ki sAdhaka asatya bhASaNa na kre| vyakti jhUTha yA asatya tabhI bolatA hai, 197 AcArAMgasUtra - 1/3/4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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142 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jaba vaha satya kahane se DaratA hai, jaba vyakti satya kA sAmanA nahIM kara * pAtA hai, taba hI use asatya kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| jhUTha bolate samaya mAtra bhaya rahatA hai| AdamI eka minaTa meM jhUTha bola detA hai, kintu jhUTha bolane ke bAda kaI dinoM taka usakA yaha bhaya nahIM miTatA ki dUsaroM ko kahIM isakA patA na laga jaae| mRSAvAdI ke mana meM yaha bhaya hamezA banA rahatA hai| eka choTe bacce se pUchA gayA, - "tuma jhUTha kyoM aura kaba bolate ho?" javAba meM usane kahA -"mammI ke bhaya ke kaarnn|" DA~Ta aura mAra ke bhaya se Darakara vaha jhUTha bolatA hai| phira, dhIre-dhIre jindagI ke hara usa pahalU para, jisake ujAgara hone se AdamI DaratA hai, jhUTha bolakara Atma-rakSA karatA hai, ataH bhaya hI jhUTha kA kAraNa hai aura abhaya satya kA hetu hai| jo abhaya hai, vaha asatya meM ramaNa nahIM karatA hai| bhayabhIta AdamI sadA atIta kI yAdoM athavA bhaviSya kI kalpanA-rUpa yathArtha meM ramaNa karatA rahatA hai| jo mAtra vartamAna meM jItA hai, vahI abhaya ko upalabdha hai| agara eka vyakti dRr3ha icchA zakti ke sAtha yaha pratyAkhyAna karatA hai, yA pratijJA karatA hai ki vaha kisI bhI paristhiti meM tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se jhUTha nahIM bolegA, to yaha bhI nizcita mAno kI usakA Dara bhAga jAegA, kyoMki saca bolane se pahale Dara lagatA hai| isa prakAra, mAtra satyavAdI hI abhaya kI sAdhanA kara sakate haiN| 3. adattAdAna-viramaNavrata - na datta iti adatta, arthAt jo nahIM diyA gayA ho, vaha adatta hotA hai|198 insAna corI kaba karatA hai ? yA corI kI bhAvanA paidA hI taba hotI hai, jaba vaha paradravya para adhikAra kara apane bhaviSya kI surakSA cAhatA hai| vyakti abhAva kI kalpanA se DaratA hai| pratipakSI kI samRddhi dekha IrSyA karatA hai, usase bhayabhIta hotA hai| yadi vaha ina bhayoM se rahita ho jAe, to corI kI AvazyakatA hI kyoM pdd'e| mAyA-kapaTa kA sahArA Darapoka vyakti hI letA hai| adatta ke viramaNa se sAdhaka svayaM ke bhItara abhaya-cetanA kA vikAsa karatA hai| corI karate cora ke bhItara kucha bhaya paidA ho jAte haiM, jaise -pakar3e jAne kA bhy| corI karate hI prANadhArA sikur3ane lagatI hai, vyakti apane ko doSI anubhava karatA hai, Guilty feel karatA hai aura bhaviSya se Darane lagatA hai, jabaki acaurya kI sAdhanA vyakti ko hara prakAra ke bhaya se yA chala-prapaMca se mukta karatI hai| 198 'adattAdAnaM steyam' - tattvArthasUtra 7/15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 143 4. maithunaviramaNa-vrata - __ maithuna kA matalaba hai - do kA yoga yA do kA nikaay| sabhI apane ekAkIpana se Darate haiM, isIlie sAthI banAne ke lie lAlAyita rahate haiN| vyakti sAthI ko pAkara kAlpanika AzvAsana prApta karatA hai, jabaki dUsarA vyakti, cAhe strI ho yA puruSa, apane ekAkIpana se bhayabhIta hone ke kAraNa hI saMbaMdha banAtA hai| sAre rizte-nAte, bhIr3a ekatrita karanA - ye saba Dara ke kAraNa hI hote haiN| apane cAroM aura bhIr3a ko dekhakara khuza honA bhI ekAkIpana ke bhaya kA hI eka rUpa hai, bhayagrasta mAnasikatA kA pratIka hai| jo abhaya hai, vahI akelA raha sakatA hai| jo abhaya hai, vahI brahmacarya ko upalabdha ho sakatA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai - jo sAdhaka kAmanAoM ko pAra gae haiM, vastutaH ve hI mukta puruSa haiN| 199 saMsAra kA sArA abrahmacarya Dara ke kAraNa hai, para-pAsaMDa meM ramaNa hI Dara ke kAraNa hai, ataH eka Dara ko jAnane aura usase mukta hone ke lie hI bhagavAn ne maithuna-vrata kI sAdhanA sAdhakoM ko pradAna kii| maithuna-viramaNa ke dvArA sAdhaka dhIre-dhIre apane yathArtha ekAkI svarUpa kA jJAna prApta kara pAtA hai aura eka bAra yadi vaha apane ekAkIpana meM ramaNa kara pAe, to phira bhaya rahA hI kahA~ ? nija Ananda kA anubhava use samasta bhayoM se mukta kara detA hai| 5. parigrahaviramaNa-vrata - __ parigraha, arthAt saMgraha kI vRtti| saMgraha kI sArI daur3a bhaya ke kAraNa hai| AdamI surakSA cAhatA hai aura isalie surakSA ke sAdhana ekatrita karatA hai, saMgraha karatA hai| yaha saMgrahavRtti bhaviSya kI asurakSA ke bhaya se hI paidA hotI hai| cAhe vaha saMgraha jIvoM kA ho athavA ajIvoM kA, vyaktiyoM kA ho athavA vastuoM kA, bhayajanya hI hai| insAna saMtAna utpanna bhI isa bhAvanA se AkrAnta hokara karatA hai ki kala yaha bAlaka bar3A hokara merI sevA karegA, mere vaMza ko banAe rakhegA, merA nAma yaza bddh'aaegaa| vastuoM ke saMgraha kI sArI pratispardhA asmitA kI bhAvanA se hI hotI hai| saMgraha kI bhAvanA bhaya se hI paidA hotI hai| vyakti bAhara gayA aura dhyAna AyA ki kamare ko to tAlA hI nahIM lagAyA hai, yA AlamArI khulI raha gayI hai, to vaha bIca rAste se hI lauTa AtA hai| kahIM koI corI na ho jAe, koI kucha na le jaae| yahA~ 'para' ke mamatva ke kAraNa hI vaha bhayabhIta ho jAtA 199 vimuktA hu te jaNA, je jaNA paargaamio| - AcArAMga- 1/2/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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144 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hai, kyoMki usakI mamatvavRtti saMgRhIta padArthoM meM hai| 'para' meM 'sva' ke AropaNa se AdamI rAta aura dina bhaya se AkrAnta rahatA hai| use nirantara yaha bhaya satAtA rahatA hai ki kahIM munIma, pArTanara, naukara, karmacArI, bhAI koI dhokhA na de de, usakI merI sampatti ko na le le| yaha parigraha kI vRtti use abhaya banAne meM bAdhaka banatI hai, kyoMki jaba taka vaha mamatvabuddhijanya mithyA bhaya kA parityAga nahIM karatA hai, vaha nirbhaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| 200 abhaya kI prApti ke lie 'para' meM 'sva' kA, arthAt apanepana kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| isI se abhaya kA vikAsa hogaa| '' isa prakAra, vaha bhaya, jo mUlataH eka manokalpanA aura mamatvajanya hai, ko jItakara vyakti abhaya bana sakatA haiN| pA~coM hI mahAvratoM ke mUla meM bhayasaMjJA se mukti kA prayAsa hI hai| vastutaH, jo abhaya ko upalabdha hai, vahI nAtha hai| jo bhayabhIta hai, vahI gulAma hai, dAsa hai| aha~t evaM siddha paramAtmA svayaM abhaya ko upalabdha haiM aura hameM bhI abhaya banane kI preraNA de rahe haiM, isIlie sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki dAnoM meM sarvazreSTha dAna abhayadAna hai (dANANa seTTha abhypyaann)| yaha abhayadAna unakI AtmajJAnamayI vANI dvArA hameM prApta hotA hai| paramAtmA kI vANI hI 'abhayadAnI' hai| vastutaH, paMca mahAvrata ke mAdhyama se hama abhaya ko prApta kara sakate haiM, sAtha hI - (1) anuprekSA, (2) prekSA, (3) maMtroM kA jApa (4) cAritra ke vikAsa aura (5) cetanA kI sajagatA ke dvArA hama abhaya kI sAdhanA kara sakate haiN| isake lie tIna sAdhana apekSita haiM - lakSyaniSThA, mArga aura sAdhana (upaay)| abhaya kA vikAsa lakSyaniSThA, mArga aura sAdhana ke binA saMbhava nhiiN| khoja karanA hogI mArga kI aura sAdhana (upAya) kii| usameM eka upAya hai - anuprekssaa| 1. anuprekSA - anuprekSA dvArA abhaya kI bhAvadhArA ko vikasita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zabda kI praNAliyAM hamAre zarIra ke bhItara banI huI haiM, jinake mAdhyama se taraMgeM hamAre pUre zarIra meM vyApta ho jAtI haiM aura ve hameM prabhAvita karatI haiN| yaha taraMga kA siddhAnta hai- bhaya kI taraMga uThI aura bhaya ke kaMpana zurU ho ge| yadi usa samaya abhaya kI taraMga ko uThA sakeM, to bhaya kI taraMga 200 "je mamAiyamaiM jahAi, se jahAi mamAiyaM" - AcArAMgasUtra- 1/2/6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vahIM samApta ho jAegI / yaha anuprekSA kA siddhAnta usa pratipakSa kA siddhAnta hai ki eka taraMga ke dvArA dUsarI taraMga kI zakti ko nirasta kiyA jA sakatA hai| zubha evaM zreyaskara taraMga ko uThAyA jA sakatA hai tathA burI taraMga ko nirasta kiyA jA sakatA hai, yA burI taraMga ko paidA kiyA jA sakatA hai aura acchI taraMga ko nirasta kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha saba hamAre puruSArtha para, hamArI grahaNa - zakti para aura hamArI dRSTi para nirbhara karatA hai / anuprekSA ke dvArA jAgarUkatA A jAtI hai aura jaba bhI mana meM bhaya kA vikalpa uThe, to tatkAla zubha bhAvoM kI jAgrati ke dvArA hama abhaya ko prApta kara sakate haiM / 2. prekSA abhaya kA dUsarA sAdhana hai - prekSA / jaise-jaise dekhane kI zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai, hamArI dRSTi satyagrAhI bana jAtI hai| Dara jitanA bhI lagatA hai, vaha asatya (kalpanA) ke kAraNa lagatA hai| asatya mAnyatA, siddhAMta, dhAraNA, saMkalpa . jo bhI asatya kA pakSa hai, vaha sArA bhaya paidA karane vAlA hai| jaise-jaise darzana kI zakti vikasita hotI hai aura saccAI ke nikaTa jAte haiM, kalpanAoM se dUra haTate haiM, hamArI zakti bar3hatI jAtI hai aura bhaya apane-Apa kama hotA jAtA hai / yathArtha meM bhaya nahIM hotA / bhaya mUrcchA aura asatya meM hotA hai / prekSA ke dvArA hamArI mUrcchA kA cakra TUTatA hai| jaba mUrcchA kA cakra TUTatA hai, to bhaya apane-Apa samApta ho jAtA hai / 3. mantroM kA jApa 145 - - jaina - paramparA, vaidika - paramparA, bauddha - paramparA sabameM bhaya kA nivAraNa karane ke lie prabhAvazAlI mantroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / kucha loga sarpa se Darate haiM, kucha rAtri meM DarAvane svapna dekhate haiM, to Dara jAte haiM, kucha loga sote-sote hI Dara jAte haiM aura kucha akAraNa hI Dara jAte haiM / ina avasthAoM se bacane ke lie saikar3oM 'abhaya mantroM kA vikAsa huA hai aura unakA prayoga bhI bahuta hotA hai / bhaktAmara aura kalyANa maMdira stotra meM sabhI prakAra ke bhaya ke nivAraNa ke lie maMtra vidyamAna haiM / yathA 'OM hI zrIM krIM klIM ivIraH raH haM haH namaH svAhA' maMtra / DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina dvArA likhita pustaka 'jainadharma aura tAntrika sAdhanA meM bhI bhaktAmara stotra kI nauvIM gAthA meM ullekhita sAta bhaya - nivAraNa maMtroM kA varNana prApta hotA For Personal & Private Use Only

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146 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hai|201 isa prakAra 'U~ hrIM zrIM arha mallinAthAya namaH' maMtra se cora Adi kA bhaya dUra hotA hai| 'U~ hrIM zrIM aha~ RSabhadevAya namaH' maMtra se saba prakAra kA bhaya dUra hotA hai, aura 'Namo abhayadayANaM' maMtra se abhaya kI zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| 202 kaI loga tAbIja aura jar3I-bUTiyoM ke dvArA bhI bhaya kA nivAraNa karate haiN| adhika bhaya lagatA hai, to loga hAtha meM tAbIja bAMdha lete haiM, jisase unakA bhaya samApta ho jAtA hai, yA kama ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, hama bhaya ko dUra kara abhaya kI sAdhanA kara sakate haiN| . 4. caritra kA vikAsa - vyakti ke kAma karane vAlI zakti hI hamAre caritra ke vikAsa kI zakti hai, hamAre caritra kA bala hai aura vaha bala jaise-jaise bar3hatA jAtA hai, AdamI meM abhaya kA vikAsa hotA hai| jaba abhaya kA bala bar3hatA hai, to aneka manokAmanAe~ jAne-anajAne hI pUrI ho jAtI haiM, kyoMki bhaya manokAmanA kI pUrti meM sabase bar3I bAdhA hai| AzaMkA aura saMdeha kI vRtti bhI abhaya ko prApta nahIM karA sakate, kyoMki bhaya se ghirA haA vyakti yA zaMkA (saMdeha) se ghirA huA AdamI saphala nahIM ho sktaa| bAbA nAgapAla kahate haiM - "maiM to kisI ko bhI na to tAbIja detA hU~, na gaMDA detA hU~, kucha bhI nhiiN| sabako kahatA hU~, AhAra zuddha karo, vyavahAra zuddha kro| isake binA kucha bhI nahIM hai|" caritra kA vikAsa hogA, taba abhaya kI sAdhanA svataH hI ho jaayegii| 'samayasAra' 04 meM kahA hai - 'jo kisI prakAra kA aparAdha nahIM karatA, vaha nirbhaya hokara janapada meM bhramaNa kara sakatA hai| isI prakAra, niraparAdha nirdoSI AtmA sarvatra nirbhaya hokara vicaraNa karatI hai| 5. cetanA ke anubhava dvArA cetanA kA anubhava, arthAt jAgrata avasthA (aatm-sjgtaa)| jaba yaha avasthA rahatI hai, to bhaya kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai| jaba AdamI caitanya ke anubhava meM hotA hai, taba sAMpa bhI kATa jAtA hai, to bhI sAMpa kA jahara 201 jainadharma aura tAntrika sAdhanA, pR. 184 202 maMtra : eka samAdhAna, AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 226-229 203 abhaya kI khoja, pR. 78 204 04 jo Na kuNai avarAhe, so NissaMko du jaNavae bhamadi - samayasAra 302 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #153
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 147 nahIM cddh'taa| jahara bhI vizeSa sthiti meM car3hatA hai| yaha pratyakSa dekhane meM AtA hai ki jaba sAMpa kATa jAtA hai, to sabhI kI koziza yahI rahatI hai ki usa vyakti ko nIMda na A jaae| use jAgrata rakhA jAtA hai| isa jAgarUkatA meM jahara nahIM cddh'taa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko caNDakauzika jaise sAMpa ne kATA, para ve avicala rahe, unheM jahara cha bhI nahIM paayaa| kyoMki ve jAgrata the, unheM cetanA kA anubhava ho cukA thA, isalie ve nirbhaya bana gae the| cetanA kA anubhava abhaya kI mudrA kA anubhava hai, kyoMki aneka bAra akAraNa bhaya hI vyakti ko bhayabhIta banA detA hai| pratikramaNa-sUtra meM brahmacarya kI bAr3a (rakSA) ke prasaMga meM 'DokarI aura chAcha' kA dRSTAnta AtA hai| kisI vRddhA strI ne kucha dina pUrva chAcha pI thI, jaba use yaha batAyA gayA ki usa chAcha meM sAMpa kA jahara thA, to sunate hI vaha (bhaya ke kAraNa) mRtyu ko prApta ho gii| uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki abhaya banane ke lie sadA yaha cintana karanA cAhie ki 'merA kisI se baira nahIM hai|' jaba taka hiMsA, asatya aura saMgraha meM Asakti hai, taba taka mAnava bhayabhIta rahatA hai| abhaya ko prApta karane ke lie inase Asakti miTAnA Avazyaka hai| 'jo pramAdI hotA hai, usako saba prakAra kA bhaya rahatA hai| jo apramAdI hotA hai, use kisI prakAra kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| 25 jaba apramAda AtA hai, taba bhaya samApta ho jAtA hai| abhaya vastutaH prajJA se AtA hai| jaba prajJA jAgatI hai, to vyakti vartamAna meM jInA svIkAra kara letA hai| jo prApta hai, use svIkAra kara lenA, ghaTanA ko ghaTanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara lenA hI jIvana kI vAstavikatA hai| eka bAra eka kisAna se kisI ne pUchA 'kyA isa bAra mUMga boyA hai?'. kisAna ne javAba diyA -"nahIM, mujhe bhaya thA ki zAyada bAriza nahIM hogii| phira usa vyakti ne pUchA -"kyA tumane makkA boyA?" kisAna bolA -"nahIM, mujhe bhaya hai ki kIr3e-makor3e na khA jaaeN|" phira usa AdamI ne pUchA -"tumane boyA kyA hai?" kisAna ne kahA -"kucha bhI nahIM, maiMne koI khatarA yA riska (Risk) uThAI hI nhiiN|" yaha niSkriyatA bhaya kA pariNAma hai| abhaya kI avasthA ko prApta karane ke lie thor3A puruSArtha aura thor3A vizvAsa jarUrI hai| bhaktAmara stotra ke antima bhAga meM AcArya mAnatuMga ne kahA hai -yadi bhayamukta bananA hai, to prabhu ke caraNoM kI zaraNa lo| prabhu kI 205 savvao pamattassa bhayaM, savvao apamattassa natthi bhayaM - AcArAMgasUtra 1/3/4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zaraNa meM rahane para koI bhaya nahIM hogA / arhat aura siddha paramAtmA abhaya ko dene vAle haiM, ataH jo abhaya kI sAdhanA karanA cAhatA hai, use - dveSa se rahita, kaSAyoM se rahita aura Asakti se rahita hokara jIvana meM vyApta saMpUrNa bhramaNAeM, jo bhaya ko dene vAlI haiM, unheM puruSArthapUrvaka haTAne kA prayAsa karanA hai| rAga 148 zrImadrAjacaMdrajI ne bhI kahA hai - "niHzaMkatA se nirbhayatA utpanna hotI hai aura usI se niHsaMgatA prApta hotI hai| 206 sahI arthoM meM bhaya mukti kA yahI mArga hai| vaizvika5- astra-zastra kI daur3a kA kAraNa bhaya yadyapi bhayasaMjJA eka manobhAva yA manovikRti hai, kintu usake kAraNa Aja sampUrNa vizva saMkaTapUrNa sthiti se gujara rahA hai / varttamAna sthiti ko dekheM, to bhayasaMjJA eka vikaTa rUpa lie hue hai| vizva kA pratyeka deza jitanA prayAsa evaM artha-vyaya mAnava-kalyANa ke lie nahIM karatA hai, utanA vaha surakSA ke lie karatA hai, kyoMki use anya zaktizAlI dezoM ke AkramaNa kA bhaya satata banA rahatA hai| Aja rASTroM meM pArasparika - avizvAsa ke kAraNa astra-zastroM kI aMdhI daur3a ne mAnava ko bhayabhIta banA diyA hai / varttamAna yuga meM ve rASTra mAnavIya kalyANa kI bAta chor3akara apane rASTra kI surakSA ko prAthamikatA dete haiN| ina sabakA kAraNa antara meM nihita bhaya hI hai| bhaya ke kAraNa pratyeka rASTra apane-Apako asurakSita samajhatA hai aura surakSA ke sAdhanoM ko juTAne meM nirantara lagA rahatA hai| Aja manuSya zarIra kI surakSA, sampatti kI surakSA, patnI evaM baccoM kI surakSA, svajanoM kI surakSA, zahara kI surakSA aura deza kI surakSA ke lie cintAtura dikhAI detA hai / - yadyapi surakSA kI bhAvanA sabhI jIvoM meM hotI hai| sukha sabhI ko acchA lagatA hai aura duHkha aura tadjanya asurakSA kisI ko pasaMda nahIM AtI hai| kahA hai- " tumhArI hI taraha vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ko duHkha azAntikAraka hai aura vahI mahAbhaya kA kAraNa hai,207 isalie vizva ke sabhI 206 207 zrImadrarAjacaMdra (mUla gujarAtI kA hindI anuvAda), patra kramAMka - 254, pR. 291 "haM bho pavAiyA ! kiM bhaM sAyaM dukkhaM asAyaM ? sabhiyA paDivaNNaM yA vievaM bhUyA / " "savvesi pANANaM, savvesi bhUyANaM, savvesiM jIvANaM, savvesiM sattANaM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #155
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva prANI kisI trAsadI se bacane hetu apanI surakSA ke lie prayAsa karate haiN| hama pratyakSa rUpa se dekhate haiM ki vanaspatikAya ke jIva (vanaspati - jagat) bhI apanI surakSA ke lie nukIle kA~ToM ko utpanna karate haiM, jaise - gulAba, babUla, nIMbU Adi ke paudhe apanI surakSA kA~ToM se karate haiN| vahIM vikalendriya (bendriya, tendriya, caurindriya) jIva apanI surakSA palAyana karake yA DaMka mArakara karate haiN| gAya, baila, hiraNa Adi pazu sIMga ke dvArA apanI surakSA karate haiN| hAthI apanI vizAla kAyA aura sUMDa se tathA kucha pakSI vizeSa prakAra kI AvAja nikAlakara apanI surakSA karate haiN| isI prakAra, sabhI prANiyoM meM sarvazreSTha mAnA jAne vAlA manuSya apanI surakSA astra-zastroM ke mAdhyama se karatA hai / astra- arthAt pheMkakara calAye jAne vAle hathiyAra, jaise- bhAlA, tIra Adi aura zastra- arthAt lohA, ispAta se banAe gae aujAra, arthAt talavAra Adi, jo zatru kA ghAta karate haiM, yAnI jo hAthoM ke dvArA calAe jAte haiM, ve zastra kahe jAte haiM, jaise- baMdUka, bama Adi / AcArAMgasUtra meM zastra do prakAra ke batalAe gae haiM dravya - zastra aura bhAva - zastra / pASANa yuga se aNu-yuga taka jitane bhI astra-zastroM kA nirmANa huA hai, ve saba dravya - zastra haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, svataH niSkriya zastra dravya - zastra haiM / unameM svataH prerita saMhAraka - zakti nahIM hotI hai| sakriya-zastra, jise AcArAMgasUtra meM bhAva-zastra kahA gayA hai, vaha asaMyama hai| vidhvaMsa kA mUla asaMyama hI hai| asaMyama ke kAraNa hI niSkriya zastroM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, mAnasika stara para rahe hue bhaya ke kAraNa hI astra-zastroM kA nirmANa evaM upayoga hotA hai| 208 saMyuktarASTra saMgha dvArA kI gaI ghoSaNA ke anusAra bhI - "yuddha pahale manuSya ke mastiSka meM lar3A jAtA hai, phira samarAMgaNa meM 209, - mAnava - mastiSka meM upajA bhaya yA asurakSA kA bhAva tathA zatru ke vinAza kI vRtti hI bhAva - zastra hai| bhAratIya - manovijJAna meM bhaya - saMvega ko hI hiMsA yA yuddha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| saMvegoM kI isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa hI manovaijJAnika saMvegoM ko eka vidhvaMsAtmaka - zakti ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| mAnava bhoga ke padArthoM kI Asakti ke kAraNa apanI AvazyakatAoM se vilAsitAoM kI ora bar3hane lagatA hai, to hiMsA usake lie Avazyaka ho 209 208 149 asAyaM aparinivvANaM mahabbhayaM dukkhaM / " AcArAMgasUtra -1/4/2 AcArAMgasUtra 1, zastraparijJA vizva zAMti evaM ahiMsA prazikSaNa, pR. 210 For Personal & Private Use Only

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150 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jAtI hai| bhaya kA saMvega hI vyakti ke hRdaya meM asurakSA kI bhAvanA utpanna karatA hai aura isa asurakSA kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa vaha AkrAmaka ho jAtA hai aura apanI surakSA ke lie astra-zastra juTAtA hai| isI prakAra, krUratA kA saMvega vyakti ko pezevara hatyAre ke rUpa meM badala detA hai| zatrutA kA bhAva vyakti meM avizvAsa paidA karatA hai, jisase vaha svayaM ko sadaiva asurakSita anubhava karatA hai| isa prakAra, yaha spaSTa hai ki mAnava-mastiSka meM upaje bhaya, bhogAkAMkSA, krUratA kA bhAva Adi saMvega hiMsA yA yuddha ke lie jimmedAra haiN| . dvitIya vizvayuddha ke bAda vizva do mahAzaktiyoM - amerikA aura rUsa ke khemoM meM baMTa gyaa| ina donoM guToM meM hathiyAroM kI hor3a meM abhUtapUrva vRddhi huii| donoM mahAzaktiyoM ne apanI rASTrIya surakSA ke lie hI nahIM, balki apane mitra rASTroM kI surakSA ke lie bhI nae hathiyAroM, vizeSakara nAbhikIya (nyUkliyara) va paramparAgata hathiyAroM kA utpAdana kiyaa| donoM mahAzaktiyA~ svayaM to bhayaMkara astra-zastroM kI hor3a meM lagI thI, sAtha hI vikasita dezoM ne apane samarthaka rAjyoM ko bhI hathiyAra denA prAraMbha kara diyaa| yaha vizva-stara para unakI zatrutA kA vistAra thaa| mAtra yahI nahIM, apane utpAdita astra-zastroM kI khapata ke lie, dUsare zabdoM meM, apanA bAjAra khojane meM anya rASTroM ko eka-dUsare ke viruddha uksaayaa| isa prakAra, vizva meM hathiyAra evaM astra-zastroM kI hor3a kA tIsarA pramukha kAraNa vyavasAya thA, arthAt dhana kamAne ke lie tIsarI duniyA ke dezoM ko hathiyAra becanA thaa| isa taraha, saMpUrNa vizva meM sainyIkaraNa kI sthiti banI, jisakA artha thA- vizva ke sabhI bhAgoM meM hathiyAroM kI hodd'| isa kAraNa, vizva meM astra-zastroM kI saMkhyA meM kaI gunA vRddhi hone lgii| Aja mAnavattA bArUda ke Dhera para baiThI hai| dvitIya vizvayuddha ke bAda antarrASTrIya cintana kA mukhya AdhAra yaha thA ki virodhI rASTroM se apanI surakSA ke lie hathiyAroM kA bhArI bhaNDAra jamA kara zAnti ko sunizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai, lekina isa dhAraNA ne vizva meM zAnti ko sunizcita karanA to dUra, mAnava kA jInA hI dUbhara kara diyaa| aba taka jitane bhI nAbhikIya-hathiyAra jamA ho cuke haiM, ve pRthvI ko kaI bAra naSTa karane ke lie paryApta haiN| vartamAna meM sabhI deza ANavika For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 151 aura anya astra-zastroM kI zakti juTAne meM lage hue haiN| yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki Aja saMpUrNa saMsAra eka bArUda ke Dhera para baiThA hai| eka bhI rASTra ne mUrkhatAvaza usameM ciMgArI lagAI, to kucha hI minaTa meM saMsAra rAkha kA Dhera bana sakatA hai| isa sabake pIche pArasparika-avizvAsa, asurakSA kI bhAvanA tathA lobha (parigraha) vRtti hI hai, jisane mAnavIya mUlyoM arthAt pArasparika-vizvAsa evaM sahayoga kI bhAvanA ko hI samApta kara diyA hai| jainadarzana kI bhASA meM kaheM, to isa sabake mUla meM bhaya evaM parigraha saMjJA hI hai| pUrva carcA meM hamane vivecana kiyA ki vizva meM astra-zastroM kI jo daur3a cala rahI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa bhaya hai| bhaya pArasparika-avizvAsa se paidA hotA hai| yadi vizva ke rASTroM meM pArasparika-vizvAsa kA vikAsa ho jAe, to yaha astra-zastroM kI daur3a svataH hI samApta ho jaaegii| Aja vizva meM niHzastrIkaraNa kI bAta cala rahI hai| niHzastrIkaraNa kA artha haiastra-zastroM ko kama karanA, niyaMtrita krnaa| amerikana insTITyUTa oNpha Diphensa enAlisisa ne niHzastrIkaraNa kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai - "koI bhI eka yojanA, jo pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se niHzastrIkaraNa ke kisI bhI eka pahalU, jaise- saMkhyA, prakAra, zastroM kI prayojana-praNAlI, usakA niyaMtraNa, usakI sahAyatA ke lie pUraka yaMtroM kA nirmANa, prayoga va vitaraNa, gupta sUcanAeM ekatra karane ke saMyaMtra, senA kA saMkhyAtmaka-svarUpa Adi ko niyamita karane se saMbaMdhita ho, niHzastrIkaraNa kI zreNI meM AtI hai| 210 isa prakAra, AMzika rUpa meM niHzastrIkaraNa kA abhiprAya adhika khataranAka samajhe jAne vAle vizeSa prakAra ke hathiyAroM meM kaTautI karanA hai, jabaki samagra yA vyApaka niHzastrIkaraNa kA abhiprAya hai -sabhI prakAra ke hathiyAroM kI samApti krnaa| niHzastrIkaraNa tabhI saMbhava hogA, jaba rASTroM meM bhaya samApta hokara pArasparika- vizvAsa jAgrata ho| yadyapi sabhI rASTra niHzastrIkaraNa ko cAhate haiM, kintu pArasparika-bhaya ke kAraNa isa dizA meM prathama kadama uThAnA koI nahIM cAhatA hai, kintu hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki isa bhaya kI vRtti se astra-zastroM kI daur3a kabhI samApta hone vAlI nahIM hai| hama 210 vizva-zAMti evaM ahiMsA-prazikSaNa, pR. 209 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #158
152 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva apanI surakSA ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM astra-zastroM kA saMgraha to karate hI haiM, sAtha hI, yaha bhI cAhate haiM ki hamAre pAsa jo astra-zastra haiM, ve hamAre pratispardhI anya rASTroM kI apekSA adhika vidhvaMsaka hoM, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA - "zastra to eka se bar3hakara eka banAe jA sakate haiM, kintu azastra (abhaya) se bar3hakara kucha nahIM hai| ina zastroM kI daur3a se mAnavatA kA kalyANa saMbhava nhiiN|'' Aja vizva .meM itanI adhika mAtrA meM saMhAraka astra-zastra nirmita ho gae haiM ki ve hamArI isa duniyA kA sampUrNa nAza karane meM samartha haiN| yadi ina saMhAraka zastroM kA prayoga kiyA gayA, to na to mAnava-prajAti bacegI, na anya prANI baceMge, isalie Aja vizva kI sabase mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatA yahI hai ki paraspara abhaya aura maitrI-bhAva kA vikAsa ho, kyoMki yahI eka aisA tattva hai, jo duniyA ko astra-zastroM kI daur3a se bacA sakatA hai| abhaya aura vizva-zAMti bhaya kI bhAvanA ko nirasta karane ke lie abhaya kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai| Aja prAyaH hara vyakti bhayAkrAnta hai, kyoMki sarvatra avizvAsa evaM asurakSA kI bhAvanA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai -"pramAdI, arthAt asajaga ko saba tarapha se bhaya hotA hai aura sajaga yA sAvadhAna bhaya-mukta hotA hai| 211 pramAda yA asajagatA isalie hai ki buddhi kA jAgaraNa to hai, kintu prajJA soI huI hai| buddhi bhaya ko miTA nahIM sakatI hai, balki bhaya ko adhika sUkSmatA se pakar3a letI hai, isalie buddhi jitanI prakhara hogI, utanA hI adhika bhaya hogaa| udAharaNataH, sAmAnya vyakti kama bhayabhIta hai, para eka par3he-likhe vyakti evaM vaijJAnika Adi ke sAmane anekoM saMkaTa haiN| unake sAmane UrjA kA saMkaTa hai, AbAdI kA saMkaTa hai, paryAvaraNa kA saMkaTa hai, paramANu astroM kA saMkaTa hai, jabaki sAmAnya vyakti ina bhayoM se pare hai| bhayabhIta vyakti surakSA kI koziza karatA hai, kintu abhaya ko prApta vyakti niDara aura zAnta hotA hai| 211 savvao pamattassa bhayaM, savvao apamattassa natthi bhyN| - AcArAMga-1/3/4 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #159
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 153 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA thA -"abhaya se bar3hakara anya koI bhI vastu nahIM" aura abhaya kA vikAsa pArasparika-vizvAsa se hogaa| kahA bhI gayA hai- "azastra meM koI pratispardhA nhiiN|' Aja vizva-zAnti ke lie niHzastrIkaraNa Avazyaka hai aura yaha niHzastrIkaraNa bhaya aura avizvAsa ko samApta karake hI saMbhava hai| isake lie hameM abhaya kA vikAsa karanA hogA, abhaya ke vikAsa se pArasparika- vizvAsa bar3hegA aura mAnava-jAti sukha aura zAntipUrvaka apanA jIvana jI skegii| vizva zAnti mAnava-jAti ke astitva, vikAsa evaM pragati ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai| yuddha kA bhaya, vikAsa evaM pragati ke sabhI sAdhanoM ko zAMtipUrNa upayoga se haTAkara yuddha yA yuddha kI taiyAriyoM ke lie mor3a detA hai| mAnava-itihAsa ke raktaraMjita pRSTha yuddha kI bhayAnakatA va vinAzakatA ke jIvanta udAharaNa haiM, kintu jaba-jaba mAnava yuddha se trasta huA, taba-taba zAnti kI adhikatama AvazyakatA anubhava kI gii| bIsavIM zatAbdI se pUrva vizva-zAMti ke sAmUhika prayAsa bahuta kama hue| kaliMga-yuddha ke pazcAt samrATa azoka ne yuddha kA parityAga kara ahiMsA ke mArga para calane kA praNa kiyA, bAda meM eziyA, aphrIkA, yUropa Adi kSetroM meM yuddhoparAnta jo sandhiyA~ huIM, unakA uddezya dvipakSIya-vivAda ko samApta kara kSetrIya-zAnti kAyama karanA thaa| prathama vizvayuddha kI vIbhatsatA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue yuddha TAlane evaM zAMti kAyama karane hetu 'lIga oNpha nezansa' kI sthApanA huI, lekina yuddha-saMkaTa phira bhI na Tala skaa| dvitIya vizvayuddha meM mahAvinAza kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| vizva meM zAnti kI sthApanA tathA paraspara vivAdoM ke hala hetu saMyuktarASTra saMgha kI sthApanA kI gii| saMyuktarASTra saMgha ke uddezyoM meM vizva-zAMti tathA surakSA ko kAyama rakhanA evaM zAnti ke lie utpanna khataroM ko sAmUhika surakSA dvArA rokanA pramukha hai| abhaya aura zAMti mAnava-jAti kI zAzvata abhilASA rahI hai| ise jIvana ke zreSThatama mUlyoM meM rakhA jAtA hai| yuddha kabhI acchA nahIM hotA aura zAMti kabhI bhI burI nahIM hotii| oNksaphorDa DikzanarI ke anusAra, 'zAMti' zabda kA artha hai- yuddha se mukti| do yuddha-zaktiyoM meM zAMti-saMdhi, arthAt yuddha kI samApti tathA yuddharata rASTroM meM saMdhi kara zAMti sthApita kI jA sakatI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #160
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva abhaya aura zAnti kevala darzana hI nahIM haiM, apitu yaha eka AcaraNa hai / vaha saMkaTakAlIna sthiti se ubarane kA upAya bhI hai| abhaya meM asIma zakti hai| usa zakti kA jAgaraNa tabhI sambhava ho sakatA hai, jaba usakA bodha ho, prazikSaNa ho aura prayoga ho / Aja hama yaha dekhate haiM ki vizva kA pratyeka rASTra apanI surakSA ke sAdhanoM ke rUpa meM astra-zastroM kI daur3a meM par3A huA hai aura apane bajaTa kA pacAsa pratizata se adhika bhAga kevala surakSA ke nAma para kharca karatA hai| yadi abhaya aura maitrI bhAva kA vikAsa ho sake, to yaha rAzi mAnava-kalyANa meM kAma A sakatI hai| isa vizAla rAzi se garIbI aura bhUkha kI pIr3A ko miTAyA jA sakatA hai, isalie jainadarzana evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yahI zikSA hai ki hama paraspara abhaya kA vikAsa kareM / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai - dAnoM meM yadi koI zreSTha dAna hai, to vaha abhaya pradAna karanA hai| 212 hama dUsaroM ko abhaya pradAna kareM aura svayaM abhaya ko prApta hoN| isa prakAra, vizvazAnti kI sthApanA ke lie abhaya aura niHzastrIkaraNa ati Avazyaka hai, 213 aura yahI varttamAna pariveza meM sabase mahattvapUrNa kArya hogA / avizvAsa zastra - vistAra ko janma detA hai, jabaki vizvAsa abhaya ko janma detA hai / abhaya se niHzastrIkaraNa saMbhava hai aura niHzastrIkaraNa se hI vizvazAnti / * 154 isa prakAra, prastuta adhyAya meM hamane bhayasaMjJA ke svarUpa evaM lakSaNoM kI carcA ke pazcAt bhayasaMjJA ke kAraNoM aura duSpariNAmoM kI carcA kI / taduparAnta, bhaya ke vibhinna rUpoM evaM prakAroM kI carcA karate hue jainadarzana meM saptavidha bhaya kI avadhAraNA aura usakA vizleSaNa prastuta kiyaa| isa prakAra, bhayasaMjJA ke vividha pakSoM ke vivecana ke pazcAt prastuta adhyAya meM, Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhaya kI kyA avadhAraNA hai - isakI carcA kI aura pAyA ki Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhaya ko eka mUlapravRtti ke rUpa meM tathA saMvega ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt, Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhaya kI avadhAraNA aura usakI jainadarzana se tulanA kI gaI hai| ina saba carcAoM ke pazcAt hamane dekhA ki pratyeka prANI meM bhayasaMjJA pAI jAtI hai, phira bhI AdhyAtmika - sAdhanA aura AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kI dRSTi se hameM bhaya se abhaya kI ora hI bar3hanA hogA, kyoMki Aja vizva meM jo astra-zastroM kI daur3a hai, rASTroM kA pArasparika - avizvAsa yA 212 213 dANANa seTTha abhayappayANaM - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra- 1 /6/23 abhao patthivA / tumaM abhayadAyA bhavAhi y| aNicce jIvalogammi kiM hisAe pasajjasi / / uttarAdhyayana- 18/11 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #161
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 155 pArasparika bhaya hI usakA mUla kAraNa hai| yadi vizva se hiMsA ko samApta karanA hai aura niHzastrIkaraNa kI dizA meM Age bar3hanA hai, to hameM abhaya kA vikAsa karanA hogaa| pArasparika vizvAsa aura sahayoga kI dhAraNA se hI abhaya kA vikAsa ho sakatA hai aura usase hI vizva zAnti kI sthApanA ho sakatI hai| jo abhaya hokara jInA jAnatA hai, use koI mAra nahIM sktaa| ekadA ravIndranAtha Taigora baiThe-baiThe patra likha rahe the| koI hatyArA hAtha meM churA lekara unake kakSa meM ghusA... pA~voM kI AhaTa suna unhoMne A~kheM uThAI .... dekhA aura patra likhane meM lIna ho ge| hatyArA bolA - "maiM tumheM mArane ke lie AyA huuN|" Taigora ke cehare para kisI prakAra kA vikAra nahIM ubhraa| ve zAnta bhAva se bole -"kucha Avazyaka patra likhane haiN| unheM likha lUM, usake bAda tuma apanA kAma kara lenaa|" mRtyu kI sAkSAt upasthiti meM bhI koI vyakti itanA nirvikAra raha sakatA hai, usane yaha pahalI bAra dekhaa| use apanI A~khoM para vizvAsa nahIM huA, para jo kucha thA, vaha satya thaa| vaha kSamA mAMgakara lauTa gyaa| jisako mRtyu kA bhaya nahIM, vahI nizcaya meM abhaya hai| nirbhayatA eka mahAn daivika guNa hai, jo manuSya ko siMha puruSa banA detA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra, buddha, dayAnanda, lUthara, liMkana aura mahAtmA gAMdhI nirbhayatA ke jIte-jAgate udAharaNa the| isa prakAra, prANiyoM meM bhaya kI sattA ko svIkAra karate hue hamane yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki sAdhaka ko apanI sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se abhaya kA vikAsa karanA hogaa| jainadarzana kA kahanA hai ki yadi hama abhaya cAhate haiM, to hameM dUsaroM ko bhaya se mukta karanA hogaa| abhaya kI cAha svAbhAvika hai, kintu vaha tabhI phalita ho sakatI hai, jaba hama dUsaroM ko nirbhaya banAeM aura yahI vartamAna yuga meM vizva zAnti kA ekamAtra sUtra ho sakatA hai| ---------000------- For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #162
156 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adhyAya-4 maithuna-saMjJA (Instinct of Sex or Sex Drive) maithuna-saMjJA meM do zabda haiM - maithuna + sNjnyaa| 'maithuna' zabda 'mitha' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai - Apasa meM milanA, jur3anA Adi aura saMjJA zabda kA artha hai - anubhUti, saMvedanA, icchA, AkAMkSA, cAha, tRSNA Asakti aadi| mohanIya-karma ke udaya se icchApUrvaka strI-prApti aura usake bhoga kI abhilASArUpa kriyA hotI hai aura strIveda ke udaya se puruSa-prApti aura usase bhoga kI abhilASArUpa kriyA hotI hai tathA napuMsakaveda ke udaya se strI aura puruSa-donoM ke bhoga kI abhilASArUpa kriyA hotI hai, jo maithuna-saMjJA kahalAtI hai| 214 tattvArthabhASya meM maithuna zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai-"strI-puruSa kA yugala mithuna kahalAtA hai| mithuna ke bhAva ko maithuna kahate haiN|215 usI prakAra, strI yA puruSa kI kAmecchA ko maithuna-saMjJA kahate haiM aura strI-puruSa ke yoga ko maithuna kahate haiN|"216 ___ AcArya pUjyapAda17 ne sarvArthasiddhi meM likhA hai - moha kA udaya hone para rAga-pariNAma se strI-puruSa meM jo paraspara saMsparza kI icchA hotI hai, vaha mithuna hai aura usakA kArya maithuna hai, arthAt donoM ke pArasparika-bhAva aura karma maithuna nahIM, apitu rAga-pariNAma ke nimitta se hone vAlI ceSTA evaM kriyA maithuna hai| yogazAstra18 meM AcArya hemacandrajI 214 prajJApanAsUtra - 8/725 215 tattvArthabhASya -9/6 216 mithunasya strIpuMsalakSaNasya bhAvaH karma vA maithunam - abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa - 5/425 strIpuMsayozcAritramohodaye sati rAgapariNAmAviSTayoH parasparasparzanaM prati icchA mithunam / mithunasya karma maithunmityucyte| - sarvArthasiddhi - 7/16 yogazAstra - 2/77 218 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #163
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 157 ne maithuna ko eka ramaNIya sukhada pratIta hone vAlA pariNAma kahA hai, para yaha pariNAma atyanta ghAtaka hai, kyoMki usase atyadhika sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| AcArya vAtsyAyana19 bhI isa satya tathya ko svIkAra karate haiN| jainAgamoM meM isake cAra kAraNa batAe haiM - zarIra meM adhika mAMsa, rakta, vIrya kA saMcaya hone se, mohanIya-karma ke udaya se, maithuna kI bAta sunane se tathA maithuna meM citta lagAne se maithuna-saMjJA hotI hai| 220 AcArAMganiyukti kI TIkA meM cAritra- mohanIya karma ke udaya ke kAraNa kAmavAsanAjanya Avega ko maithuna-saMjJA kahA gayA hai|21 tattvArthasAra meM antaraMga meM veda-nokaSAya kI udIraNA hone se tathA bahiraMga meM kAmottejaka gariSTha rasayukta bhojana karane se, maithuna-sambandhI kriyAoM meM upayoga (cittavRtti) jAne tathA kAmuka manuSyoM kI saMgati karane se jo maithuna kI icchA hotI hai, use maithuna-saMjJA kahate haiN| yaha saMjJA navama guNasthAnaka ke pUrvArddha taka hotI hai|22 dhavalAgraMtha223 meM bhI maithuna-saMjJA ke saMbaMdha meM yahI bAta kahI gaI hai| __ hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki maithuna-saMjJA vibhAva-dazA meM ramaNa karane kI vRtti hai| yauna aMgoM ke gharSaNa, yugalabhAva yA kisI anya kA sAtha cAhane aura viparIta liMga se bhoga karane kI vRtti ko maithuna-saMjJA kahate haiN| yaha saMjJA pratyeka saMsArI jIva meM pAI jAtI hai| yaha saMjJA jIva ko apanI prajAti kI vRddhi meM sahayoga pradAna karatI hai| yaha bAta ThIka hai ki maithuna-saMjJA ke binA saMsAra cala nahIM sakatA aura isIlie ise pUrI taraha se nakArA bhI nahIM jA sakatA, parantu isa sambandha meM bhI viveka ati Avazyaka hai| vastutaH, maithuna-saMjJA manuSya kI jaiva-vRtti yA pAzavika-pravRtti kI paricAyaka hai, yadi kAmavAsanAoM para viveka kI lagAma na lagAI jAe, to saMpUrNa samAja-vyavasthA khatare meM par3a sakatI hai| 219 kAmazAstra, A. vAtsyAyana 220 sthAnAMgasUtra - 4/58 221 AcArAMganiyukti TIkA, gAthA 39 tattvArthasAra - 2/36, pR. 46 223 paNidarasabhoyaNeNa ya, tassuvajoge kusiilsevaae| vedassudIraNAe, mehuNasaNNA havadi evaM || - dhavalA - 2, gAthA 226 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana kI dRSTi se jisa taraha se AhAra, bhaya, parigraha Adi saMjJAeM sabhI jIvoM meM pAI jAtI haiM, vaise hI maithuna - saMjJA bhI hai| kAmavAsanA kA sambandha cAritramohanIya karma se hai, jisakA sambandha AtmA ke sAtha anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| anAdikAla se sambandha hone ke kAraNa bhI yaha vRtti acchI ho, samyak ho - yaha bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki anAdivRtti ko khulI chor3ane meM samajhadArI nahIM hai, jaise- bhUkha laga gaI, to isakA artha yaha nahIM ki jo bhI mana meM AyA, vahI udarastha kara liyA jAya / bhUkha kI taraha kAma--bhoga bhI sahaja hai, para isa para niyaMtraNa nahIM hogA, to pazu aura mAnava meM koI antara hI nahIM raha jaaegaa| kyoMki sacce sAdhaka kI dRSTi se kAmabhoga roga ke samAna hai, 224 ataH kAma para dharma kA niyantraNa honA atiAvazyaka hai| bhaviSya meM kaSTa bhoganA na par3e, isalie abhI se apane ko viSaya-vAsanA se dUra rakhakara anuzAsita ho jAo / 225 158 vyAvahArika - jIvana meM hama dekhate haiM ki maithuna - saMjJA sabhI jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai| yahA~ taka ki ekendriya vanaspati - jagat meM bhI yaha saMjJA spaSTa dikhAI detI hai, jaise- kurubaka, azoka, tilaka Adi ke per3a strI kA AliMgana, pAda-prahAra, kaTAkSa, nikSepa Adi se phalate-phUlate haiM / gilakhI, toru Adi zAka kI utpatti bhI titalI aura bhaMvaroM ke dvArA nara evaM mAdA puSpoM ke parAgakuMjoM ke AdAna-pradAna se hotI hai| 226 cAra gatiyoM meM se manuSya aura tiryaMca meN| duHkha - vedanA adhika hone ke strI- jAti tIna hI gatiyoM meM hotI hai- deva, naraka -gati meM strI- jAti nahIM hotI aura kAraNa vahA~ maithuna - saMjJA kI alpatA hotI hai / maithuna tIna prakAra ke kahe gae haiM- (1) divya, (2) mAnuSya (3) tiryakonika | tIna maithuna ko prApta karate haiM - (1) deva (2) manuSya ( 3 ) tiryaMca aura tIna hI maithuna kA sevana bhI karate haiM- (1) strI (2) puruSa (3) napuMsaka 1227 224 225 adukkhu kAmAi rogavaM - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra - 1 / 2/3/2 mA paccha asAdhutA bhave, 1/2/3/7 accehI aNusAsa appagaM / vahI- 1 226 pravacanasAroddhAra, saMjJAdvAra 145, sAdhvI hemaprabhA zrIjI, pR. 80 227 tivihe mehuNe paNate, taM jahA - divve, mANussae tirikkhajoNie / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 159 deva yA apsarA saMbaMdhI maithuna ko divya maithuna kahate haiN| nArI arthAt manaSyinI se saMbaMdhita maithuna ko mAnaSiyaka-maithuna kahate haiM aura pazu-pakSI Adi ke maithuna ko tiryaMca-viSayaka maithuna kahate haiN| kevala ratikarma kA hI nAma maithuna nahIM hai, balki rAgabhAva-pUrvaka jIva kI jitanI bhI ceSTAeM haiM, ve sabhI maithuna haiN|28 strI ke aMga, pratyaMga, saMsthAna, madhura bolI aura kaTAkSa ko dekhane, unakI ora dhyAna dene Adi ye sabhI kAma-rAga ko bar3hAne vAle haiN| 29 isa sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki strI ke citroM, bhitticitroM yA AbhUSaNa se susajjita strI ko TakaTakI lagAkara dekhanA, kAmavarddhaka pravRtti hai| una para dRSTi bhI par3a jAe, to use vaise hI khIMca lete haiM, jaise madhyAhna ke sUrya para par3I huI dRSTi svayaM khiMca jAtI hai|230 maithuna-saMjJA kI utpatti ke kAraNa anAdikAla se pratyeka saMsArI-jIvoM meM cAra saMjJAeM pAyI jAtI haiM- AhArasaMjJA, bhayasaMjJA, parigrahasaMjJA aura maithunsNjnyaa| tiryaMcagati meM AhArasaMjJA kI pradhAnatA hai| narakagati meM bhayasaMjJA kI pradhAnatA hai, devagati meM parigrahasaMjJA kI pradhAnatA hai aura manuSyagati meM maithuna-saMjJA kI pradhAnatA hai| isa maithuna-saMjJA ke kAraNa puruSa ko strI ke bhoga kI aura strI ko puruSa ke bhoga kI icchA hotI hai| anAdikAla se AtmA meM ghara kara gaI ina saMjJAoM ko tor3anA atyanta kaThina kArya hai| nimitta prApta hote hI ye saMjJAe~ jAgrata ho jAtI haiN| jisa prakAra agni ke saMparka se moma pighalane lagatA hai, usI prakAra strI ke nimitta ko pAte hI puruSa ke bhItara kAma-vAsanAe~ jAgrata ho jAtI haiN| donoM meM saMbhoga ke lie. jo bhAva-vizeSa hotA hai, athavA donoM milakara jo saMbhoga-kriyA karate haiM, usI ko maithuna kahate haiN| maithuna hI abrahma hai|232 yahAM abrahma kA artha hai - para meM paricAraNA, ataeva usa abhiprAya se jo bhI kriyA kI jAyagI, phira cAhe vaha paraspara puruSa yA do strI milakara hI kyoM na kareM, athavA anaMgakrIr3A Adi hI kyoM na ho, vaha. saba abrahma yA maithuna hI hai| tao mehuNaM gacchaMti, taM jahA - devA, maNussA, tirikkhajoNiyA, tao mehuNaM saMvati, taM jahA - itthI, purisA, nnpuNsgaa| - sthAnAMgasUtra -3/10-12 228 dazavaikAlikasUtra - 4/4 229 vahI - 8/57 230 vahI - 8/54 prajJApanAsUtra - 8/734 maithunam brahma - tattvArthasUtra-7/11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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160 - jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva . sthAnAMgasUtra meM maithuna-saMjJA kI utpatti ke cAra kAraNa batAe gae (1) nAmakarmajanya daihika-saMracanA ke kaarnn| (2) cAritra-mohanIya karma ke udaya se| (3) kAma-bhoga sambandhI carcA karane se| (4) vAsanAtmaka-cintana karane se| nAmakarmajanya daihika-saMracanA ke kAraNa - . jisa karma ke udaya se jIva vibhinna prakAra ke zarIra, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, varNa, sparza, saMghayaNa, saMsthAna, AkRti, prakRti Adi prApta karatA hai, use nAmakarma234 kahate haiN| nAmakarma ke udaya ke kAraNa hI daihika-saMracanA kA nirmANa hotA hai| isI karma ke kAraNa strI aura puruSa kI daihika-saMracanA meM bhinnatA hotI hai| strI kA svarUpa sundara, suDaula aura prakRti se hI komala aura saumya hotA hai, isalie strI ko sundaratA kI pratimUrti kahA jAtA hai| strI ke rUpa meM Asakta kavi ko strI ke mukha meM candramA kI saumyatA ke darzana hote haiM aura vaha use 'candramukhI' kI upamA detA hai| strI ke rAga ke kAraNa hI strI kI gati meM hAthI (gaja) jaisI mastI hotI hai, isalie use gajagAminI kahA jAtA hai| usake netroM ko kamala kI paMkhur3I ke samAna mAnakara use kamalanayanI kahate haiM,235 parantu puruSa kI daihika-saMracanA strI kI apekSA kucha kaThora evaM bhinna hotI hai| isI viparIta daihika-saMracanA ke kAraNa puruSa kA AkarSaNa strI meM aura strI kA AkarSaNa puruSa meM hotA hai, ataH viparIta liMga ko prApta karane kI, paraspara bAta karane kI aura sparza karane kI icchA hotI hai, usase hI maithuna-saMjJA kI utpatti hotI hai| strI aura puruSa-donoM ke paraspara mithuna-bhAva athavA mithuna-karma kI icchA ko hI maithuna-saMjJA kahA jAtA 235 uUhiM ThANehiM mehuNasaNNA samuppajja, taM jahA - 1) citamaMsasoNiyayAe 2) mohaNijjassa _3) kammassa udaeNaM, matIe, 4) tadaTThovaogeNaM - 4/4, sUtra 58 234 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 33/13 235 brahmacarya, zrI ratnasena vijayajI, pR.56 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1611 cAritramohanIya-karma ke udaya se - cAritramohanIya-karma kI eka pravRtti veda, arthAt saMbhoga kI icchA hai, usI ke vipAkodaya se strI-puruSa meM jo sparza Adi kI icchA hotI hai, usa icchA ke anurupa jo vacana, pravRtti tathA karma (maithunakarma) hotA hai, vaha maithuna hai| The lustful desire as well as action of male and female to copulate is incontinence.237 strI-puruSa kA vAsanAyukta saMbhoga kA bhAva evaM kArya cAritramohanIya-karma ke udaya se hI hotA hai, kyoMki strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda mohanIya-karma kI prakRtiyA~ haiN| 238 kAma-bhoga kI abhilASA ko veda kahate haiN| veda, arthAt vaasnaa| puruSaveda ke udaya se strI-saMbhoga kI icchA hotI hai, strIveda ke udaya se puruSa-saMbhoga kI icchA hotI hai, napuMsakaveda ke udaya se strIsaMbhoga aura puruSasaMbhoga -donoM kI icchA paidA hotI hai| 239 jaina-zAstroM ke anusAra, vedoM ke uddIpana ke kAraNa hI maithuna-saMjJA utpanna hotI hai| jaina-kathAsAhitya ke anusAra, cAritramohanIya-karma kA jaba tIvra udaya huA, to mAsakSamaNa ke pazcAt punaH mAsakSamaNa jaisI ugra tapazcaryA karane vAle saMbhUti muni kevala strI kI kezarAzi ke sparzamAtra se kAmAtura ho gae aura strI-sukha ko pAne ke lie. apanI saMyama kI utkRSTa sAdhanA kA bhI sarvanAza karane ke lie taiyAra ho ge| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki dharma aura saMyamAdi guNoM meM nirata brahmacArI puruSa bhI maithunasaMjJA ke vazIbhUta hokara kSaNabhara meM cAritra- saMyama se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| kAma-sambandhI carcA karane se - maithuna-saMjJA kI utpatti kA tIsarA pramukha kAraNa kAma-sambandhI carcA karanA hai| kAma kA eka artha kAmanA arthAta icchA (Desire) hai aura usakA dUsarA artha hai- yauna sambandha (Sex), kAma-UrjA manuSya ke pAsa 236 tattvArthasUtra, upAdhyAya zrI kevala muni, pR. 314 237 tattvArthasUtra, chaganalAla jaina, pR. 190 238 solama ime kasAyA eso navanokasAyasaMdoho, itthI parisa napaMsakarUvaM veyattayaM tNmi| - pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 1257 vedodaya kAmapariNAmA kAmyakarma saha tyAgI, niHkAmA karUMNArasasAgara, anaMta catuSka pada paagii| zrI mallInAtha stavanA, yogirAja AnaMdaghanajI 240 praznavyAkaraNasUtra - 4/90 For Personal & Private Use Only

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162 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva aisI zakti hai, jo dUsare ke prati gatimAna ho, to yauna sambandha (Sex) bana jAtI hai| UrjA eka hai, mAtrA tathA dRSTibheda se sArA jIvana bhinna ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra kisI ke kaTu zabda jIvanabhara yAda rahate haiM, usI prakAra kisI sundara strI kA rUpa-saundarya athavA usake madhura zabdoM ke bAre meM jaba hama carcA karate haiM, to usa strI ke prati kAmavAsanA jAgrata ho jAtI hai| vyakti usa rUpa ko dekhane aura zabda ko sunane ke lie kAmAtura ho jAtA hai aura puna:-punaH usa rUpa kA pipAsu banA rahatA hai evaM vAsanA ko puSTa karatA rahatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo kAma-guNa hai, indriyAdi ke zabdAdi viSaya haiM, ve hI Avarta yA saMsAracakra haiN|241 ye viSayAtura manuSya hI dUsare ko usI prakAra paritApa dete haiM, jisa prakAra amarakaMkA nagarI kA rAjA padmarAja nAradajI ke mukha se draupadI ke saundarya kI carcA sunakara kAmAtura bana gayA aura deva kI sahAyatA se draupadI kA apaharaNa kara use apane mahala meM lekara A gyaa| 242 Adhunika yuga meM bhI kaoNlejoM kA sahazikSaNa, svataMtra jIvana, TI.vI. vIDiyo aura blU philmoM ke dekhane evaM usakI carcA karane ke kAraNa maithuna-saMjJA bhar3aka uThatI hai| jahara to khAne para hI mAratA hai, jahara ko dekhane se kisI kI mauta nahIM ho jAtI hai, kintu strI-darzana aura smaraNa bhI Atmapatana meM nimitta bana jAte haiN| vAsanAtmaka-cintana karane se - __ maithuna-saMjJA kI utpatti vAsanAtmaka cintana ke kAraNa bhI hotI hai, isIlie brahmacarya kI nau vAr3a meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki pUrvakRta kAmakrIr3A kA smaraNa karane se bhI kAmabhoga ke saMskAra punaH jAgrata ho jAte haiN| gRhastha-jIvana kI pUrvAvasthA meM yadi strI-saMsarga Adi kiyA ho, to use punaH yAda nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki vAsanAtmaka-cintana karane se bhI vAsanA jAgrata ho jAtI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra43 meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai 241 1) je guNe se AvaTTe, je AvaTTe se guNe - AcArAMgasUtra- 1/1/5 2) AturA paritAti, - vahI, 1-1-6 242 a) sthAnAMgasUtra - 10/160 .. ba) pravacana-sAroddhAra, AzcaryadvAra 138 hAsaM kiiDaM raiM evaM dappaM sahabhuttAsiyANi ya, bambhacerarao thINaM nANucinte kayAi vi|-uttraadhyynsuutr-16/6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva -"dIkSA grahaNa ke bAda pUrva jIvana meM striyoM ke sAtha anubhUta hAsya, krIr3A Adi kA kadApi cintana na kreN|" uparyukta kAraNa ke atirikta maithuna - saMjJA kI utpatti ke anya kAraNa bhI ho sakate haiM 163 1. striyoM kI kAmajanaka kathA karane se evaM striyoM ke manohara aura manorama aMgoM kA kAmarAgapUrvaka avalokana karane se| 2. atimAtrA meM AhAra- pAnI kA sevana karane se yA sarasa snigdha bhojana kA upayoga karane se / 244 3. strI, pazu, napuMsaka se yukta zayyA yA AsanAdi kA sevana karane se I 4. atimAtrA meM mAdaka padArtha, jaise- zarAba Adi kA sevana karane se / 5. zrRMgAra, vilepana, sugaMdhita itra, sundara vastrAbhUSaNa kA dhAraNa karanA, kAmavAsanA ko uttejita karane tathA maithuna - saMjJA kI utpatti ke kAraNa hote haiN| 6. kAma - vikAra utpanna karane vAle azlIla - sAhitya aura vastroM ko grahaNa karane se / 7. Adhunika yuga ke azlIla evaM kAmuka aMgoM ke pradarzana karane vAle kapar3e pahananA bhI kAmavAsanA ko utpanna karate haiM / isa prakAra, maithuna - saMjJA kI utpatti ke uparyukta kAraNa bhI ho sakate haiN| maithuna ke prakAra 1. smaraNa, bhAratIya maharSiyoM ne maithuna ke ATha prakAra batAe haiM244 2. kIrttana, 3. keli, 4. prekSaNa, 5. guhyabhASaNa, 6. saMkalpa, 7. adhyavasAya aura 8. sambhoga / ina AThoM prakAra ke maithunoM kA brahmacarya - mahAvrata meM parityAga karanA hotA hai| jaba taka mana meM kutsita vicAroM kA bhayaMkara viSa vyApta rahegA, taba taka vaha brahmacarya kI nirmala sAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA / smaraNa kIrtana keliH prekSaNaM guhyabhASaNaM, saMkalpo'dhyavAyazca kriyA nirvRttireva ca / etanmaithuSTAM pravadanti vivakSaNAH, viparIta-brahmacaryametadevASTa lakSaNam / / - pAtaMjalayoga darzanam For Personal & Private Use Only

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164 smaraNa - kAmakrIr3A sambandhI ghaTanAoM ko yAda karanA, strI-saMbaMdhI bAtoM kA smaraNa krnaa| kAma-saMbaMdhI bAtoM kA smaraNa karane se maithuna ke saMskAra uttejita hote haiM aura vyakti anucita kArya karane ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai, ataH saMyama kI surakSA ke lie kAma saMbaMdhI smRtiyoM se bacane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| azubha karma ke udaya se athavA azubha nimitta ke bala se yadi isa prakAra ke kAmuka vicAra A jAeM, to turaMta hI sAvadhAna ho jAnA caahie| azubha vicAroM se bacane ke lie mana ko sadaiva zubha pravRtti meM jor3e rakhanA cAhie / kIrttana kAma-krIr3A sambandhI vArttAlApa karanA, kisI ke sAtha baiThakara usake sambandha meM carcA karanA ityAdi / isa prakAra kI bAtacIta karane se svayaM kI vAcika - pavitratA samApta ho jAtI hai 1 keli jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva apane jIvana meM hamezA aise hI mitroM ke sAtha apanA saMga honA cAhie, jinake sAtha dhArmika aura AtmavikAsa kI bAta hotI hai| kAma-krIr3A saMbaMdhI carcA karane se bhI kAma - vRttiyoM ko uttejanA milatI hai, isalie saMyama kI surakSA ke lie vijAtIya tattvoM ke sAtha anAvazyaka vArtAlApa se sarvathA dUra rahanA cAhie / - keli, arthAt haMsI-majAka, kisI strI Adi ke sAtha hAsya-vinoda karanA, haMsI-majAka kI bAteM karanA / isa prakAra, haMsI-majAka karane se eka-dUsare ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hatA hai aura jIva Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai, ataH saMyamI AtmA ko isa prakAra kI haMsI-majAka nahIM karanA cAhie / saMyamI vyakti ko mita-parimita hI bolanA cAhie, kyoMki pratyeka zabda prabhAvazAlI hotA hai| jo vyakti idhara-udhara kI gapazapa lagAte rahate haiM, unake zabdoM kA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 165 prekSaNa - maithuna-saMjJA ko uttejita karane vAle dRzya dekhnaa| kisI strI-puruSa kI kAmakrIr3A Adi ke dRzyoM ko dekhane se svayaM ke saMyama kA nAza hotA hai, kyoMki isa prakAra ke dRzya acetana mana meM rahI suSupta vAsanAoM ko uttejita kie binA nahI rahate haiN| sinemA, TIvI, kAmuka posTara aura parde para dikhAI dene vAle kAmuka dRzyoM ko bAra-bAra dekhane se naitika-caritra kA patana hue binA nahIM rahatA hai, ataH saMyamI AtmA ko isa prakAra ke kAmuka dRzyoM ke darzana se sadA dUra rahanA cAhie, kyoMki isa prakAra ke dRzya dRSTA ke dila meM utsukatA paidA karate haiM aura phira dhIre-dhIre vyakti usa prakAra kI duSpravRtti karane ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai| guhyabhASaNa - ekAnta meM maithuna-krIr3A sambandhI gupta bAta karanA, ekAnta meM milane ke lie striyoM ko saMketa karanA Adi / saMkalpa - kisI strI ke sAtha zArIrika saMbaMdha banAne kA nizcaya karanA saMkalpa kahalAtA hai| adhyavasAya - saMkalpa ke anusAra ceSTA karane ko adhyavasAya kahate haiN| kriyA-niSpatti strI ke sAtha zArIrika saMbaMdha ko kriyA-niSpatti kahate haiN| ye maithuna ke prakAra kahe gae haiN| jo sAdhaka brahmacarya evaM saMyama ke mahattva ko samajhate haiM, unakA jIvana unnati ke zikhara para pahuMca jAtA hai| brahmacarya kA apUrva teja unake jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa meM vyApta ho jAtA hai| brahmacArI sAdhaka ko ATha prakAra ke maithuna kA tyAga karanA hI cAhie, sAtha hI, maithuna-pravRtti kA bhI tyAga karanA caahie| maithuna ke upasevana ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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166 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 'paricAraNA' 245 kahate haiN| zAstra meM pA~ca prakAra kI paricAraNA kA varNana milatA hai| kAya-paricAraNA, rUpa-paricAraNA, mnH-pricaarnnaa| 2. 4. sparza-paricAraNA, zabda-paricAraNA, 5. devoM meM pAMcoM prakAra kI paricAraNA milatI hai| bhavanapati se lekara IzAnakalpa ke deva kAya-paricAraka hote haiN| sanatkumAra aura mahendrakalpa ke deva sparzaparicAraka, brahmaloka evaM vAntakaM ke deva rUpa-paricAraka hote haiN| mahAzukra evaM sahasArakalpa ke deva zabda-paricAraka tathA Anata, prANata, AraNa va acyutakalpoM ke deva mana-paricAraka hote haiN| nau graiveyaka evaM pAMca anuttara-vimAna ke deva maithuna-pravRtti se rahita hote haiN| vastutaH, nairayika maithuna-kriyA ko prApta nahIM hote, kyoMki ve napuMsaka hote haiN| napuMsaka jIva bhI abrahma (bhAva-maithuna) kA sevana karate haiM, kintu maithuna-kriyA se rahita hote haiN| tattvArthasatra meM umAsvAti46 kahate haiM ki bArahaveM svarga se Upara ke deva zAnta aura kAma-lAlasA se pare hote haiN| unheM deviyoM ke sparza, rUpa, zabda yA cintana dvArA kAma-sukha bhogane kI apekSA nahIM rahatI, phira bhI ve nIce ke devoM se adhika santuSTa aura adhika sukhI hote haiN| isakA spaSTa kAraNa yaha hai ki jyoM-jyoM kAma-vAsanA prabala hotI hai, tyoM-tyoM citta-saMkleza adhika bar3hatA hai aura nivAraNa ke lie viSayabhoga bhI adhikAdhika Avazyaka hotA hai| jyoM-jyoM nIce se Upara devaloka kI ora jAte haiM, citta-saMkleza bhI kama hotA jAtA hai| unake kAmabhoga ke sAdhana bhI alpa hote haiM aura bArahaveM devaloka ke Upara ke devoM kI kAmavAsanA zAnta hotI hai, ataH unheM kAya, sparza, rUpa, zabda, cintana Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke bhoga kI kAmanA nahIM hotI hai| ve saMtoSajanya paramasukha meM nimagna 245 ka) sthAnAMgasUtra - 5/402 kha) prajJApanAsUtra - 4/34, 2051, 2052 246 1) kAyapravIcArA A aizAnAt mattvArthasUtra -4/8 ___2) zeSAH sparzarupazabdamanaH pravIcArAdRyodyoH - vahI- 4/9 ___3) pare'pravIcArAH - vahI-4/10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 167 rahate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki nIce-nIce kI apekSA Upara-Upara ke devoM kA sukha adhikAdhika mAnA gayA hai| maithuna-saMjJA ke svarUpa ko jAnane ke pazcAt Age hama kAmavAsanA ke svarUpa, usake lakSaNa evaM prakAroM kI carcA kreNge| kAmavAsanA kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa - 'kAma' zabda (kam + gha} dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai - kAmanA, icchA (Desire), sneha, anurAga aura dUsarA artha hai- prema, viSaya-bhoga kI icchA yA yauna sambandha (Sex) sthApita karanA aadi| usI prakAra, 'vAsanA' zabda vAs + Nic + yuc + TApa) dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai- smRti se prApta jJAna, ruci, kalpanA, mithyA-vicAra, ajJAna, abhilaassaa| isa prakAra, kAmavAsanA kA zAbdika artha- kAmanApUrvaka yA abhilASApUrvaka yauna aMgoM ke sparza yA saMgharSaNa kI icchA hai| kAma-bhoga sambandha ko 'kAma' kahate haiN| viSayAsakta manuSyoM dvArA kAmya arthAt iSTa zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa tathA sparza ko kAma kahate haiN|48 bhAratIya RSi-muniyoM ne manuSya-jIvana, ke cAra puruSArtha batAe haiN| 'puruSArtha cAtuSTya' kI avadhAraNA hindU- dharmadarzana kI AdhArazilA hai| isa avadhAraNA kA ullekha hameM jainadarzana meM mokSa-carcA ke prasaMga meM milatA hai| hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM puruSArtha-catuSTaya kA ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke grantha 'jJAnArNava' meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki prAcInakAla se hI maharSiyoM ne dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa - ye puruSArtha ke cAra bheda mAne haiM,249 kintu isa svIkRti ke bAvajUda pahale tIna puruSArtha nAzasahita aura saMsAra ke rogoM se dUSita batAe gae haiM, ataH jJAnI puruSoM ko kevala mokSa ke lie hI prayatna karane ko kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra, paramAtmaprakAza meM 247 kAmyante'milaSyanta eva na tu viziSTazarIra saMsparzadvAreNopayujyante ye te kAmAH / ___manojJeSu zabdeSu saMsthAneSu ca / - bhagavatIsUtra 248 1) te iTThA saddarasarUvagaMdhaphAsA kAmijjamANA visayapasattehiM kAmA bhvNti|- Avazyaka cUrNi, pR. 75 2) zabdarasarUpagandhasparzAH mohodayAbhibhUtaiH sattvaiH kAmyanta iti kAmAH / - hAribhadrIya TIkA pR. 85 249 dharmazcArthazcakAmazca mokSazceti maharSibhiH / purUSArtho'yamuddiSTazcaturbhedaH purAtanaiH / / - jJAnArNava, 3/4 zubhacandra, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, AgAsa,1978 250 jJAnArNava' - 3/3, vahI. 4.5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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168 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhI dharma, artha aura kAma- ina sabhI puruSArthoM se mokSa ko hI 'uttama' mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki anya kisI meM parama sukha nahIM hai| 251 vastutaH, jainadarzana kevala mokSa ko hI puruSArtha rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai, parantu nyAyapUrvaka upArjita artha aura vaivAhika-maryAdAnukUla kAma kA bhI jaina-vicAraNA meM samucita sthAna svIkRta hai| 22 cAra puruSArthoM meM sAMsArika-dRSTi se kAma-puruSArtha. kA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kAma vartamAna samAja-vyavasthA ke lie Avazyaka aura mahattvapUrNa hai| isakI upayogitA hai, isameM bhI koI saMdeha nahIM hai, kyoMki saMsAra meM jo bhI sRjana-kArya ho rahA hai, vaha 'kAma' kI UrjA se hI ho rahA hai| "kAma UrjA (Sex Energy) manuSya kI eka aisI UrjA hai, jo kisI dUsare ke prati gatimAna ho, to yauna bana jAtI hai aura yahI svayaM ke prati gatimAna ho, to yoga bana jAtI hai|"253 kAma kA svarUpa - jainadarzana meM bhI manuSya jIvana meM kAma ke mahattva ko kabhI bhI pUrNataH anadekhA nahIM kiyA gayA hai| Agamika-sAhitya spaSTataH kahatA hai -"yaha puruSa nizcita rUpa se kAmakAmI hai|254 manuSya kI kAmanAeM vizAla haiM, ananta haiM, itanA hI nahIM, ve durAgrahI aura haThI bhI haiN| - "guru se kAmA",255 unakA atikramaNa karanA sahaja nahIM hai, isIlie kAmanA ko bhArI (guru) kahA gayA hai| kAmanA ke binA koI kriyA prArambha nahIM hotI hai, parantu kisI bhI kAmanA kI pUrNa santuSTi ho nahIM pAtI, kyoMki yaha puruSa aneka citta (aneka kAmanAoM) vAlA hai| eka kAmanA santuSTa ho nahIM pAtI ki mana meM dUsarI kAmanA kA janma ho jAtA hai aura vyakti dUsare viSayoM kI ora AkRSTa ho jAtA hai| koI agara yaha socatA hai ki zayana se nIMda para, bhojana se bhUkha para athavA lAbha se kAmanAoM para vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai, to nizcita hI vaha bhrama meM hai| 256 manuSya mAnoM calanI se pAnI 251 paramAtmaprakAza, yogindudeva, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, AgAsa, vi.saM. 2029, 2.3 252 mUlya aura mUlyabodha kI sApekSatA kA siddhAnta- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, zramaNa, janavarI 1992, pR.10-11 253 mahAvIravANI, ozo-1, pR. 405 . 254 'kAmakAmI khalu purise' - AcArAMgasUtra-1/123 255 vahI- 5/2, pR. 176 250 na zayAno jeyandriAM , na bhuMjAno jayet kSudhAm / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 169 bharanA cAhatA hai, jo kabhI bhara hI nahIM sktaa|257 jisakI kAmanAeM tIvra hotI haiM, vaha mRtyu se grasta hotA hai aura jo mRtyu se grasta hotA hai, vaha zAzvata sukha se dUra rahatA hai, parantu jo niSkAma hotA hai, vaha na to mRtyu se grasta hotA hai aura na zAzvata sukha se dUra hotA hai| __kAma ke do prakAra haiM - dravya-kAma aura bhaav-kaam| viSayAsakta manuSyoM dvArA kAmya (icchita) iSTa zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ko kAma kahate haiN| jo moha ke udaya ke hetu-bhUta dravya hai, jisake sevana dvArA zabdAdi viSayoM kA sevana hotA hai, vaha dravya-kAma hai|20 tAtparya yaha hai ki manorama rUpa, striyoM ke hAsa-vilAsa yA hAvabhAva evaM kaTAkSa Adi, aMga-lAvaNya, uttama zayyA, AbhUSaNa Adi kAmottejaka dravya dravyakAma kahalAte haiN|201 zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza meM Asakta vyakti AtmA ke vAstavika rUpa ko nahIM jAna sakatA, kyoMki ye sabhI viSaya indriyoM se sambandhita haiN| indriyAM zarIra kA hI aMga haiM, AtmA to atIndriya hai| zuddha AtmA meM to varNa, rasa Adi tathA strI, puruSa Adi paryAya aura saMsthAna saMhanana hote nahIM haiN| 262 viSaya-bhoga dvArA prApta zArIrika-sukha, jise hama vastutaH sukha samajhate haiM, sukha hotA hI nhiiN| isakI tulanA khujalI ke rogI se kI jA sakatI hai| khujalI kA rogI jaise khujAlane para hue duHkha ko bhI sukha mAnatA hai, vaise hI mohAtura manuSya kAmajanya duHkha ko sukha mAnatA hai|263 na kAmajJAnaH kAmAnAM, labhaneha prshaamyti|| - AcArAMgasUtra, TippaNI-15, pR. 147 257 aNegacitte khalu aya purise, se keyaNaM arihae puuritte| - AcArAMgasUtra -3/42 gurU se kAmA, tao se mArassa aMto, jao se mArassa aMto, tao se duure| neva se aMto neva duure| - vahI- 1/5/1.. 259 nAmaM ThavaNA kAyA davvakAmA ya bhAvakAma y| - niyukti, gAthA 161 260 saddarasarUvagaMdhaphAsA udayaMkarA ya je dvaa| - niyukti, gAthA 162 jANiya mohodayakAraNANi viya'mAsAdINi davvANi tehiM abhavahariehiM saddAhiNo visayA uddijaMti ete davvakAmA / jinacUrNi, pR. 75 zramaNasUtra - 183 zramaNasUtra - 49 For Personal & Private Use Only

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170 bhAva - kAma -- 264 265 267 bhAva - kAma do prakAra ke haiM icchA - kAma aura madana- kAma / citta kI abhilASA, AkAMkSA rUpa kAma ko icchAkAma kahate haiM / icchA bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai prazasta aura aprazasta / 266 dharma aura mokSa se sambandhita icchA prazasta hai, jabaki yuddha, kalaha, rAjya kI kAmanA yA dUsare ke vinAza kI kAmanA Adi icchAeM aprazasta haiM / vedopayoga ko madanakAma kahate haiN| 208 strI ke dvArA strI - vedodaya ke kAraNa puruSa ke bhoga kI abhilASA karanA, puruSa dvArA puruSa - vedodaya ke kAraNa strI ke bhoga kI abhilASA karanA tathA napuMsakaveda ke udaya ke kAraNa napuMsaka dvArA strI aura puruSa - donoM ke bhoga kI abhilASA karanA tathA viSayabhoga meM pravRtti karanA madanakAma hai| 269 niyuktikAra kahate haiM - " viSayasukha meM Asakta evaM kAmarAga meM pratibaddha jIva ko dharma se girAte haiN| paNDita loga kAma ko eka prakAra kA roga kahate haiN| jo jIva kAmoM kI prArthanA (abhilASA) karate haiM, ve avazya hI rogoM kI prArthanA karate haiM / " ,270 - kAma kA mUla aura usake pariNAma zAstrakAroM ne kAma kA mUla saMkalpa ko kahA hai| saMkalpa kA artha kAma - adhyavasAya hai / 271 dazavaikAlika meM kahA hai jo vyakti kAmabhogoM kA nivAraNa nahIM kara pAtA, vaha saMkalpa ke vazIbhUta hokara pada-pada para viSAdaH pAtA huA zrAmaNya - jIvana kA kaise pAlana kara sakatA hai ? 272 kAma ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue zAstrakAra kahate haiM ki saMkalpa - vikalpoM se jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva - 264 vihAya bhAvakAmA icchAkAmA mynnkaamaa| - niyukti, gAthA. 162 265 tatreSaNamicchA saiva cittAbhilASarUpakAmA itIcchAkAmA 266 icchAM pasatthabhapasatthigA ya ---- / niryukti, gAthA. 163 267 tattha pasatthA icchA jahA dhammaM kAmayati mokkhaM kAmayati, apasatthA icchA jina cUrNa, pR. 76 rajjaM vA kAmayati juddhaM vA kAmayati evamAdi icchAkAmA / mayaNami veyuvogii| - niyukti, gAthA. 163 - vahI, gA. 162 hA.TI. pR. 85 268 269 jahA itthI ityivedeNa purisa patthei purisovi itthI, evamAdI - jina cUrNi, pR. 76 270 niryukti, gAthA - 164-165 271 saMkappoti vA chaMdoti vA kAmajjhavasAyo - jinadAsacUrNi, pR. 78 272 dazavaikAlikasUtra - 2/1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 171 kAma paidA hotA hai| agastyasiMhacUrNi273 meM saMkalpa aura kAma kA saMbaMdha batAte hue kahA gayA hai - kAma! jAnAmi te rupaM, saMkalpAt kila jAyase, na tvAM saMkalpayiSyAmi, tato me na bhvissysi| arthAta, he kAma! maiM tujhe jAnatA huuN| tU saMkalpa se paidA hotA hai| maiM terA saMkalpa hI nahIM karUMgA, to tU mere mana meM utpanna nahIM ho skegaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba vyakti kAma kA saMkalpa karatA hai, arthAt mana meM nAnA prakAra ke kAmabhogoM kI kAmanA karatA hai, to vaha kAmottejaka mohaka padArthoM kI vAsanA, tRSNA yA icchAoM ko jAgrata kara letA hai, taba una kAmya padArthoM ko pAne kA adhyavasAya karatA hai aura unhIM ke cintana meM rata rahatA hai, taba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki vaha kAma-saMkalpoM ke vazIbhUta (adhIna) ho gayA hai| usakA pariNAma yaha AtA hai ki jaba kAma-saMkalpa pUre nahIM hote, yA saMkalpapUrti meM koI rukAvaTa AtI hai, yA koI usakA virodha karane lagatA hai, athavA indriya-kSINatA Adi vivazatAoM ke kAraNa kAma ke kAmyapadArthoM kA upabhoga nahIM kara pAtA, taba vaha krodha karatA hai, mana meM saMkleza karatA hai, jhuMjhalAtA hai, zoka aura kheda karatA hai, vilApa karatA hai, dUsaroM ko mArane-pITane yA naSTa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| isa prakAra kI Arta-raudradhyAna kI sthiti meM vaha pada-pada para viSAdagrasta ho jAtA hai| pada-pada para viSAdagrasta honA hI saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA pariNAma hai|74 bhagavadagItA meM bhI kAma ke saMkalpa se adhaHpatana evaM sarvanAza kA krama diyA hai| kahA hai -"jo vyakti mana se viSayoM kA smaraNa-cintana karatA hai, usakI Asakti una viSayoM meM ho jAtI haiN| Asakti se una viSayoM ko pAne kI kAmanA (kAma) paidA hotI hai| kAmya-pUrti meM vighna par3ane se krodha hotA hai| krodha se aviveka arthAt mUr3habhAva paidA hotA hai| sammoha (mUDhabhAva) se smRti bhrAnta ho jAtI hai| smRti ke bhramita yA bhraSTa ho 273 dazavaikAlika, agastyasiMhacUrNi, pR. 41 274 dazavaikAlikasUtra, AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI ma., pR. 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

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172 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jAne se buddhi (jJAna-viveka kI zakti) naSTa ho jAtI hai aura buddhinAza se manuSya kA sarvanAza yAnI zreyaH sAdhana se sarvathA adhaHpatana ho jAtA hai| ___ jo manuSya zarIra meM Asakta haiM, ve viSayoM kI ora khiMce cale jAte haiM, isa prakAra bAra-bAra duHkha uThAte haiN| kAma-bhogoM ke ye kaTu pariNAma haiN| inheM jAna lenA caahie|276 indriya-viSaya yA kAmavAsanAeM vyakti ko cAroM ora se ghera letI haiN| jaise Avarta (bhaMvara) meM phaMsA vyakti nikala nahIM sakatA, vaise hI viSayoM meM ghirA huA vyakti svayaM ko asahAya pAtA hai, isIlie kahA gayA hai ki jo viSaya hai, vaha Avarta (saMsAra) hai aura jo Avarta (saMsAra) hai, ve hI viSaya haiN| yahAM viSaya aura Avartta kA ekatva pratipAdana kara yaha nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko yadi viSayoM kA grahaNa karanA hI par3e, to mUrchA nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki mUrchA se grasta vyakti icchA ke adhIna hokara viSayalolupa ho jAtA hai aura phira viSayoM se chuTakArA lagabhaga asambhava ho jAtA hai| kAmanAoM kA atikramaNa sahaja nahIM hai, ve vizAla haiM, durAgrahI aura haThIlI haiM, isalie ajJAnI puruSa unakI pUrti ke lie krUra-se-krUra karma karane ko bhI udyata ho jAte haiN| krUra karma karate hue ve sukha ke bajAya duHkha kA sRjana karate haiM aura isa prakAra 'viparyAsa' ko prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra sukha kA arthI duHkha ko prApta hotA hai| sukhavAda kI yahI viDambanA hai| sukha kI talAza apane Apa meM duHkhada hai| isI ko pAzcAtya-nItizAstra meM 'pairADaoNksa oNva heDonijma' kahA gayA hai| isI bAta ko uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai ki sabhI kAmabhoga antataH duHkhada hI hote haiM, 219 kyoMki saMsAra ke viSaya-bhoga kSaNa bhara ke lie sukhadAyI pratIta hote haiM, kintu cirakAla taka duHkhadAyI hote haiN|280 aMdara ke viSaya-vikAra hI vastutaH baMdhana ke hetu haiN|281 jo bhogAsakta hai, vaha karmoM se lipta hotA hai| bhogAsakta saMsAra meM 275 dhyAyato viSayAn puMsaH, sNgstessuupjaayte| saMgAt saMjAyate kAmaH, kAmAtkrodho'bhijAyate / / krodhAd bhavati sammohaH, sammohAt smRtivibhramaH / smRtibhraMzAt buddhinAzo, buddhinAzAt prnnshyti|| - bhagavadgItA, adhyAya-2, zloka 62-63 AcArAMgasUtra - 5/11-13 217 je guNe se AvaTTe, je AvaTTe se guNe - vahI-1/93 AcArAMgasUtra-5, 6 tathA 2/151 . savve kAmA duhaavhaa| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra -13/16 khaNamittasukkhA bahukAla dukkhaa| - vahI- 14/13 ajjhattha heuM niyayassa bNdho| - vahI- 14/19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 282 paribhramaNa karatA hai| bhogoM se anAsakta hI saMsAra se mukta hotA hai / miTTI ke sUkhe gole ke samAna virakta sAdhaka kahIM bhI viSayoM se cipakatA nahIM hai, arthAt Asakta nahIM hotA hai / 283 manaH kAma kAmavAsanA ko tIna prakAra se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai manakAma, vacanakAma, kAyikakAma / vastutaH to tInoM hI kAma jainasAdhanA-paddhati meM varjanIya haiM, parantu manakAma ko vizeSa varjanIya batAyA gayA hai| isake lie eka zabda prayukta huA hai- anaMga-krIr3A / anaMga kA artha hotA hai - aMga-hIna / zaiva logoM ne to kAma ke pratIka deva ko manoja aura anaMga nAmoM se hI ullekhita kiyA hai| jainazAstroM meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki agara Apa mAnasika rUpa se, arthAt mana ke dvArA samAgama karate haiM, to vaha bhI kAmAcAra hai, maithuna hai / vAsanApradhAna citra, calacitra Adi dekhanA tathA aprAkRtika, vikRta aura ucchRMkhala yaunAcAra meM ruci rakhanA 'anaMgakrIr3A' hai / isa viSaya meM jainadarzana meM bar3I sUkSmatA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| kevala daihika - kriyAoM se kAmAcAra hotA hai - aisA nahIM hai, balki mAnasika taura para ciMtana, kathAmaNDana athavA mAnasika stara para kriyA karanA bhI kAma hai| vacana - kAma -- 282 vahI - 25/41 283 mana kI taraha kAmayukta vacanoM kA AdAna-pradAna karane se, unheM sunane se bhI kAmavAsanA jAgrata hotI hai| isake lie jainadarzana meM kAmakathA yA strIkathA ko na karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai / samakita ke pAMca dUSaNoM meM se do dUSaNa spaSTa rUpa se isase saMbaMdhita haiM- 1. kAMkSA, 2. parapASaNDa saMstava, arthAt prshNsaa| ina do dUSaNoM meM aura kuliMgisaMstava ke dvArA para kI prazaMsA karanA, usake prati AkarSita honA naitika jIvana ke prati ayathArtha dRSTikoNa hai| azlIla saMgIta, kaiseTa Adi ko sunanA Adi caritra ke patana ke kAraNa hote haiM, ataH sadAcArI puruSa ko anaitika AcaraNa karane vAle logoM se atiparicaya yA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha nahIM rakhanA hI yogya mAnA gayA hai / varttamAna yuga meM TIvI, calacitra, reDiyo, nATaka, virattA u na lagganti, jahA sukko u golao / - 173 uttarAdhyayana sUtra 25/43 For Personal & Private Use Only -

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174 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva uttejita karane vAle sAhitya kA vAcana Adi sabhI vAcika-kAmavAsanA meM Ate haiN| taraha-taraha kI pAzcAtya kAmuka dhunoM para bajane vAlA saMgIta mana aura zarIra para gaharA prabhAva DAlatA hai aura manuSya ke kAma-aMgoM ko uttejita karatA hai, ataH jainadarzana meM usase bacane ko kahA gayA hai| kAyika-kAma - kAyika-kAmavAsanA ko protsAhita karane vAlI mukhyataH pAMca indriyAM haiM, jinakA mAlika mana hai| mana jo sUcanAoM kA AdAna-pradAna karatA hai, unakA pariNAma zarIra para hotA hai aura zarIra kAmottejanAoM kA zikAra ho jAtA hai| kAmottejanA ke bhI do prakAra haiM -prAkRta-kAmottejanA aura aicchik-kaamottejnaa| prAkRta-kAmottejanA manuSya ke zarIra kI banAvaTa kA eka bhAga hai, jo karmaprakRtiyoM ke anusAra vedodaya kA nimitta banatI hai| aicchika-kAmottejanA se tAtparya hai- icchApUrvaka yA kAma kI tIvra lAlasApUrvaka daihika-ceSTAeM karanA, caritrahIna strI-puruSoM kI saMgati karanA, unase yauna sambandha sthApita karanA Adi, isalie kahA gayA hai ki indriyoM ke dAsa asaMvRtta manuSya hitAhitanirNaya ke kSaNoM meM mohamugdha ho jAte haiN|284 kAma kI uparyukta sImAoM ko dekhate hue manuSya ko sahI nirNaya lenA Avazyaka hai| vastutaH, indriyoM ke bhoga-viSaya apane Apa meM na acche haiM, na bure haiM, kintu inake prati rAga ke kAraNa jo vikRtiyAM yA viSamatAeM AtI haiM, ve aprazasta haiN| kAmabhogoM meM yaha liptatA hI kAma ko anucita banAtI hai, ataH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI itanI nahIM hai ki kAma se vyakti pUrNataH virata ho jAe, yA use nirasta kara de| jaba taka vyakti ke pAsa zarIra hai, aisA kiyA bhI nahIM jA sakatA, kintu AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki vaha apane kAma kA vRtta kama kre| kAmanAoM ko asImita na hone de, balki unakI sImA nirdhArita karatA jAe aura dhIre-dhIre ina sImAoM ko, arthAta kAmabhoga ke dAyare ko saMkucita karatA jAe aura anta meM usase mukta ho jaae| kAma ke prati Asakti na rakhakara eka niHsaMga, niSkAma bhAva vikasita kare, kyoMki viSayabhogajanya vikRti se isI prakAra bacA jA 284 mohaM jaMti naya asNvuddaa| - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra -1/2/1/20 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sakatA hai| satpuruSa isIlie kAma Adi viSaya-bhogoM kA sevana anucita mAnate haiN| unakA kathana hai qi kamalinI kA patra svabhAva se hI jala meM lipta nahIM hotA, vaise hI satpuruSa samyaktva ke prabhAva se vikAroM aura viSayoM meM lipta nahIM hote / 285 ve bhale hI tilaka Adi lagAkara muni kA veza dhAraNa kara leM, yadi kAma ke prati apanI Asakti nahIM chor3a pAte, to ve mukta bhI nahIM ho sakate haiN| kahA gayA hai ki kucha loga to viSayoM kA sevana karate hue bhI sevana nahIM karate (arthAt viSayoM meM lipta nahIM hote) aura kucha sevana na karate hue bhI viSayoM kA sevana karate haiM (arthAt unase apane rAgAtmaka lagAva ko chor3a nahIM pAte ) / ina donoM meM spaSTa hI prathama prakAra ke loga hI sacce satpuruSa haiM, jo karma to karate haiM, kintu unameM lipta nahIM hote haiN| 286 yaha ThIka vaise hI hai, jaise atithi ke rUpa meM AyA koI puruSa vivAhAdi kArya meM lagA rahane para bhI usa kArya kA svAmI na hone se kartA nahIM hotA / kAmavAsanA ke prakAra bhAratIya- manovijJAna ne 'kAma' ko jIvana kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA hai| jainadarzana kI dRSTi se bhI kAmavAsanA sabhI prANiyoM meM hotI hai| kAmavAsanA kA sambandha mohanIyakarma se hai, jisakA sambandha AtmA ke sAtha anAdikAla se hai| yadyapi AhAra grahaNa karanA, maithuna - sevana karanA AtmA kA dharma nahIM hai, parantu zarIra dhAraNa karane se ye pravRttiyA~ banI rahatI haiM / mAnava - bhava meM bhI nyUnAdhika aMza meM cAroM saMjJAe rahatI haiM, parantu maithuna - saMjJA yA kAmavAsanA ke saMskAra vizeSa rUpa se pAe jAte hai| 285 286 1) vahI, 229 IMdhana meM jvalana - guNa rahA huA hai, lekina jaba taka use cinagArI nahIM milatI hai, taba taka IMdhana meM rahA huA jvalanta guNa prakaTa nahIM hotA hai / isI prakAra, AtmA meM rahe hue acche-bure saMskAroM ke jAgaraNa ke lie bhI zubhAzubha nimitta kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| manuSya ke bhItara jo 'kAmavAsanA' rahI huI hai, vaha kAmavAsanA bhI nimitta pAkara hI jAgrata hotI hai| yuvAvasthA, ekAMta, aMdhakAra, kusaMga, dRzya, azlIla sAhitya tathA zramaNasUtra 227 - 2 ) sevate'sevamAno'pi sevamAno na sevate / gAthA-25 175 adhyAtmasAra, prabaMdha -2, adhikAra 5, For Personal & Private Use Only

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176 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva strI-saMga Adi aise prabala nimitta haiM, jo prANI ke bhItara rahI haI kAmavAsanA ko jAgrata kara dete haiN| pravacana-sAroddhAra 87 meM kAmavAsanA ke caubIsa prakAra batAe gae haiN| mukhya rUpa se do bheda haiM -1. saMprApta, saMyogajanya kAma aura 2. asaMprApta yA vipryogkaam| saMyogajanya kAma (saMbhogajanya kAmakrIr3A) kAmiyoM ke paraspara saMyoga se utpanna sukha hai, jo caudaha prakAra kA hai| viprayoga kAma ve kAmuka sthitiyA~ haiM, jinameM saMbhoga nahIM hotA, kintu . vAsanA ko saMtRpta karane kA prayAsa hotA hai| isake bhI dasa bheda haiN| kAma saMprApta (saMyogajanya-kAma) 14 prakAra asaMprApta (viprayoga-kAma) 10 prakAra saMyogajanya-kAma ke caudaha bheda - . 1. dRSTisaMpAta- strI ke vikAravarddhaka aMgoM kA avalokana krnaa| 2. dRSTisevA- hAva-bhAva se yukta dRSTi milaanaa| 3. saMbhASaNa- kAmavarddhaka vArtAlApa krnaa| 4. hasita- vyaMgyapUrvaka madhura-madhura muskuraanaa| 5. lalita- pAsA Adi khelnaa| 6. upagUDha- kasakara AliMgana krnaa| kAmo cauvIsaviho saMpato khalu tahA asNptto| caudasahA saMpato dasahA puNa ho asNptto|| tattha asaMpatte'tyA ciMtA taha saddha saMbharaNa meva / vikkavaya lajjanAso pamAya ummAya tbbhaavo|| maraNa ca hoi dasamo saMpattaMpi ya samAsao vocchN| diTThIe saMpAo diTThIsevA yA sNbhaaso|| hasiya laliovagUhiya daMta nahanivAsa cuMbaNa cev| AligaMNa mAdANaM kara sevaNa'NaMNakIDA y|| - pravacanasAroddhAra, sAdhvI hemaprabhA zrIjI, gAthA 1062-1065 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 177 7. daMtapAta - dantakSata krnaa| 8. nakhanipAta - nakha Adi se ghAta krnaa| 9. cumbana - cuumnaa| 10. AliMgana - sparza krnaa| 11. AdAna - kAma-aMgoM ko rAgavaza sparza krnaa| 12. karaNa - kAmuka zArIrika-sthitiyA~ bnaanaa| 13. Asevana - maithuna-kriyA kA AsvAdana lenaa| 14. anaMgakrIr3A - vAsanApradhAna citra Adi dekhanA tathA aprAkRtika vikRta aura ucchRkhala yaunAcAra meM ruci rkhnaa| viprayogajanya kAma ke dasa bheda 1. artha- strI kI abhilASA krnaa| kisI strI kI saundarya- kathA sunakara use pAne kI icchA karanA, jaise-padmanAbha rAjA kA dropadI ke rUpa ke viSaya meM sunakara use prApta karane ke lie Atura ho jaanaa| 2. cintA- usakA kaisA sundara rUpa hai? usake kaise guNa haiM ? isa prakAra kA rAgavaza cintana krnaa| 3. zraddhA- strI-saMbhoga kI abhilASA krnaa| 4. saMsmaraNa- strI ke rUpa kI kalpanA karake athavA citra Adi dekhakara svayaM ko sAntvanA denaa| 5. viklava- viyogajanya vyathA ke kAraNa AhAra Adi kI upekSA krnaa| 6. lajjAnAza- gurujanoM kI lajjA chor3akara unake sammukha premikA ke guNagAna krnaa| 7. pramAda- strI ke lie vividha kriyAeM krnaa| 8. unmAda- vikSipta kI taraha pralApa krnaa| 9. tadbhAvanA- strI kI kalpanA se staMbhAdi kA AliMgana krnaa| 10. maraNa- rAga kI tIvratA ke kAraNa asahya vyathA se mUrcchita ho jaanaa| yahA~ maraNa kA artha prANatyAga se nahIM hai, zrRMgArarasa kA bhaMga ho jAne se hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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178 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vRttikAra abhinava gupta ne bhI isakI vyAkhyA isI prakAra kI hai| jainadarzana kI veda (kAmavAsanA) aura liMga (zArIrika-saMracanA) kI avadhAraNA vaidika-darzana meM jahA~ 'veda' zabda jJAna ke artha meM prayukta huA hai, vahIM jainadarzana meM veda zabda anubhUti ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| isake do rUpa haiM- jJAnAtmaka aura sNvednaatmk| uttarAdhyayanasUtra288 meM, beda jJAna ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| kahA gayA hai- jisase tattva kA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai, use veda (Agama) kahate haiN| dUsarI ora, 'vedyate iti veda:289 isa sUtra ke dvArA veda zabda kA artha anubhUti (vAsanA) yA saMvedanA bhI batAyA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para strI, puruSa Adi kI kAma sambandhI AkAMkSAoM ko bhI veda mAnA jAtA hai| veda jainadarzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai, jisakA artha maithuna kI AkAMkSA hai, jo mohanIyakarma ke karmadalikoM se utpanna hotA hai| isa artha meM strI, puruSa Adi se maithuna karane kI AkAMkSA kA utpanna honA hI veda hai| liMga aura veda meM antara yaha hai ki liMga zArIrika saMracanA hai aura veda tatsambandhI kAmavAsanA hai| yogIrAja zrI AnaMdaghanajI 291 kRta mallinAtha stavanAvalI meM bhI veda zabda kA artha kAmavAsanA kI icchA se liyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, kAmavAsanA kA anubhava honA hI veda hai| strIveda, puruSaveda evaM napuMsakaveda ke bheda se yaha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai|292 yahA~ veda zabda strI, puruSa Adi ke bAhyaliMga arthAt daihika-saMracanA kA dyotaka nahIM hai| bAhyaliMga to zarIra nAmakarma kA phala hai| veda moha-karma ke udaya kA pariNAma hai| yaha avazya hai ki bAhyaliMga se strI, puruSa evaM napuMsaka kI pahacAna hotI hai tathA veda se usakA gaharA sambandha bhI hai| prAyaH, strIliMga meM strIveda, puruSaliMga meM puruSaveda tathA napuMsakaliMga meM 288 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 15/2 289 prajJApanAsUtra, vR.pa. 468-469 290 bhagavaI viAhapaNNtI , -AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 258 291 vedodaya kAmapariNAmA kAmyakarma sahu tyAgI, niHkAmA karUNArasasAgara, anaMta catuSka pada paagii| - zrI AnaMdaghanajI bha. mallinAtha stavana, gAthA-7 292 tivihe vee paNNate, taM jahA -(1) ityivee (2) purisavee (3) npuNsgvee| - samavAyAMgasUtra-156 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 179 napuMsakaveda pAyA jAtA hai| veda kI tRpti kA sAdhana liMga hai| nauveM guNasthAna ke bAda tIna vedoM meM se kisI kA bhI udaya nahIM rahatA hai, kintu liMga kA zArIrika-lakSaNa yA liMga kI sattA banI rahatI hai| vItarAga AtmA ke veda kA kSaya ho jAtA hai, kintu zarIra ke sAtha liMga banA rahatA hai| zvetAmbara jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki tIna liMgoM meM se kisI ke bhI rahate hue vItarAga-avasthA prApta ho sakatI hai, kyoMki caudaha prakAra ke siddhoM293 meM strIliMga siddha, puruSaliMga siddha evaM napuMsakaliMga siddhoM kA bhI ullekha hai| veda ke tIna prakAra aura unakA sambandha - kAmabhoga kI abhilASA ko veda kahate haiN| vastutaH, veda ke tIna prakAra haiM - strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda / 94 strIveda 295 - puruSa ke sAtha kAma-bhoga kI icchA ko strIveda kahate haiM, arthAt strI ke dvArA puruSa se sahavAsa evaM bhoga kI icchA strIveda kahalAtI hai| puruSaveda296 - isI prakAra, strI ke sAtha kAma-bhoga kI icchA puruSaveda kahalAtI hai| _napuMsakaveda297 - strI tathA puruSa -donoM ke sAtha kAma bhoga kI icchA ko napuMsakaveda kahate haiN| prANI meM strItva sambandhI aura puruSatva sambandhI- donoM vAsanAoM kA honA napuMsakaveda kahA jAtA hai, arthAt donoM se saMbhoga kI icchA hI napuMsakaveda hai| 293 jiNa ajiNa tittha'titthA, gihi, anna saliMga thI nara npuNsaa| __ patteya sayaMbuddhA, buddha bohiya ikkaNikkA y| - navatattva prakaraNa, gAthA 55 294 'vidyate iti vedaH striyA vedaH strIvedaH, striyAH pumAMsaM pratyabhilASa ityarthaH taddhipAkavedyaM karmApi strIvedaH, purUSasya vedaH puruSavedaH, purUSasya striyAM pratyabhilASa ityarthaH, tadvipAkavedyaM karmApi purUSavedaH, nupaMsakasya vedo napuMsakavedaH napuMsakasya striyaM purUSaM ca pratyAbhilASa ityarthaH tadvipAkavedyaM karmApi napuMsakavedaH / -prajJApanA vR.pa.468-469 295 striyaH -- yoSitaH purUSaM pratyabhilASaH strIvedaH / narasya - purUSasya striyaM abhilASo naravedaH / napuMsakasya - SaNTasya strIpurUSau pratyAbhilASo npuNskvedH| -caturtha karmagrantha svopajJa TIkA, pR. 129 For Personal & Private Use Only

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180 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva veda ke do prakAra haiM - 1. dravyaveda, 2.bhAvaveda 298 | dravyaveda kA nirNaya zarIra ke bAhya cihnoM se kiyA jAtA hai| aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka avayavoM ko dravya-veda kahate haiM, jaisepuruSa-dravyaveda meM puruSa ke cihna dAr3hI, mUMcha Adi tathA strI ke cihnoM meM dAr3hI-mUMcha kA abhAva aura strI-liMgAkRti kA sdbhaav| napuMsaka meM strI-puruSa- donoM ke kucha cihn| jJAtavya hai ki dravyaveda aura liMga ekArthaka haiN| saMvedanA, abhilASA, icchA bhAvaveda haiN| 299 mohanIya karma ke udaya se strI ko puruSa ke sAtha kAmabhoga kI icchA strIbhAvaveda, puruSa ko strI ke sAtha kAmabhoga kI icchA puruSabhAvaveda tathA strI aura puruSa- donoM ke sAtha kAmabhoga kI icchA ko napuMsakabhAvaveda kahate haiN| 300 dravyaveda aura bhAvaveda sahabhAvI hote haiM, parantu kahIM-kahIM viSamatA bhI pAI jAtI hai, yAnI bAhyazarIra, AkRti aura cihna puruSa ke hote haiM, lekina bhAva strI yA napuMsaka jaise hote haiN| veda kA svarUpa kAma-vAsanA kI tIvratA kI dRSTi se jaina-vicArakoM ke anusAra puruSa kI kAma-vAsanA zIghra hI pradIpta ho jAtI hai aura zIghra hI zAnta ho jAtI hai| strI kI kAmavAsanA derI se pradIpta hotI hai aura pradIpta ho jAne para paryApta samaya taka zAnta nahIM hotii| napuMsakaveda kI kAmavAsanA zIghra pradIpta ho jAtI hai, lekina zAnta derI se hotI hai|301 strIveda - strIveda kaMDe kI agni aura bakarI ke mala kI agni ke samAna kahA gayA hai| gobara aura bakarI kA mala vilamba se prajjvalita hotA hai, kintu eka bAra prajjvalita hone ke bAda usakA tApa uttarottara bar3hatA jAtA hai| ThIka usI prakAra, strI ke mana meM puruSa ke sAtha kAmabhoga kI icchA 298 karmagraMtha caturtha bhAga, muni zrI mizrImala jI ma., pR. 114 299 bhagavaI viAhapaNNtI - AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 259 300 daNDaka prakaraNa, muni manitaprabhasAgara, pR. 550 301 jaina sAikaoNlAjI, pR. 131-134 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 181 thor3I dera se utpanna hotI hai, kintu vaha jaldI tRpta yA zAMta nahIM hotI hai aura uttarottara tIvra hotI jAtI hai|302 puruSaveda - puruSaveda ko tRNAgni ke samAna kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra tRNa, ghAsa choTI-sI ciMgArI pAkara sulaga uThatA hai aura bahuta jaldI bujha jAtA hai, usI prakAra puruSa ke mAnasa meM strI ko dekhate hI kAmavAsanA jAgrata ho jAtI hai aura kucha samaya meM hI zAnta bhI ho jAtI hai| napuMsakaveda - isa veda ko mahAnagara ke dAha ke samAna kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra nagara meM lagI Aga bahuta prayAsa karane para lambe samaya ke bAda hI zAMta hotI hai, usI prakAra napuMsaka kI kAmavAsanA lambe prayAsoM ke bAda hI zAMta hotI hai|303 cAra gatiyoM meM veda kA prarUpaNa - pRthvIkAya, apakAya, teukAya, vAyukAya evaM vanaspatikAya meM jo kAmavAsanA hai, vaha napuMsakaveda ke rUpa meM hai| isI prakAra, tIna vikalendriyoM, sammacchima tiryaMca paMcendriya, sammacchima manuSya evaM samasta nairAyika-jIvoM kI kAmavAsanA meM bhI napuMsakaveda hotA hai| devoM meM do veda hote haiM- strIveda evaM purussved| devoM meM napuMsakaveda nahIM hotA aura nairAyikoM meM napuMsaka ke alAvA donoM veda nahIM hote| garbha se paidA hone vAle tiryaMca paMcendriya aura manuSyoM meM tInoM veda hote haiN| cAra gati meM manuSya kA hI eka daNDaka aisA hai, jo avedI bhI ho sakatA hai, arthAt kAma-vAsanA kA nAza mAtra manuSyoM meM hI saMbhava hai| koI bhI jIva eka 302 veyassa sarUvaM pa. itthivee bhaMte! kiM pagAre pnnnntte| ___ u. goyamA! phuphuagnisamANe pnnnntte| - jIvAbhigama, pratipatti 2, sUtra 51(2) 303 (1) purisavee NaM bhNte| kiM pagAre paNNatte ? goyamA! vaNadavagnijAlasamANe pnnnntte| napuMsagavee NaM bhaMte! kiM pagAre paNNatte ? goyamA! mahANagaradAha samANe paNNatte smnnaauso| - jIvAbhigama, pratipatti 2, sUtra 61(2) (2) purisitthi tadubhayaM pai, ahilAso javvasA havai so u| thI-nara-napu-veudao, phuphunn-tnn-ngrdaahsmo|| - prathama karmagraMtha, gAthA 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

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182 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva samaya meM eka se adhika vedoM kA anubhava nahIM krtaa| strIveda kA udaya hone para strI puruSa kI abhilASA karatI hai tathA puruSaveda kA udaya hone para puruSa strI kI abhilASA karatA hai|304 tInoM veda, bhAvaveda kI apekSA se nau guNasthAnaka taka tathA dravyaveda arthAt liMga kI apekSA se caudaha guNasthAnaka taka pAe jAte haiN| tInoM vedoM meM jIva kA kAla - puruSa veda- . jaghanyataH-antarmuhUrta utkRSTataH -sAdhika sAgaropama zata pRthaktva strI veda- jaghanyata:-eka samaya utkRSTataH-pRthaktva koTi pUrva adhika eka sau dasa palyopama napuMsakaveda- jaghanyataH-eka samaya utkRSTataH-anaMtakAla avedI-avasthA meM jIva kA kAla - upakSamazreNI Azrita - jaghanyataH - eka samaya utkRSTataH - antarmuhUrta kSapakazreNI Azrita - anaMtakAla savedaka jIva, arthAt veda (icchA) sahita jIva tIna prakAra ke hote 1:30K 1. anAdi-aparyavasita 2. anAdi-saparyavasita 3. sAdi-saparyavasita jina jIvoM meM anAdikAla se saMvedakatA calI A rahI hai evaM kabhI samApta nahIM hotI, ve anAdi aparyavasita saMvedaka kahe jAte haiN| jina jIvoM kI saMvedakatA pUrNataH samApta ho jAtI hai, unheM anAdi-saparyavasita-saMvedaka mAnA jaaegaa| jo eka bAra avedI hokara (gyArahaveM guNasthAna se girakara) punaH saMvedI ho jAtA hai, use sAdi saparyavasita saMvedaka kahA jAtA hai| avedaka jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM- 1. sAdi- aparyavasita evaM 2. 304 ege vi ya NaM jIve egeNa samaeNaM egaM veyaM veei taM jahA - (1) itthiveyaM vA (2) purisaveyaM vA - vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra- 2/5/1 305 jIvAbhigama pratipatti- 9/232 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 183 saadi-spryvsit| jo jIva eka bAra avedaka hone ke bAda punaH saMvedaka nahIM hote, ve prathama prakAra meM tathA punaH saMvedaka hone vAle dvitIya prakAra meM Ate haiN| sAdi-saparyavasita jIvoM kI avedakatA jaghanya eka samaya evaM utkRSTa antarmuhUrta paryanta rahatI hai| alpa-bahutva kI apekSA se strI, puruSa evaM napuMsakoM meM puruSa sabase alpa haiM, striyAM unake saMkhyAtagunA haiM, napuMsaka unase bhI anaMtagunA haiN| 4. jainadarzana kI maithuna-saMjJA kI phrAyaDa ke libiDo se tulanA evaM samIkSA - ___ jainadarzana ke anusAra saMjJA eka jaivika-pravRtti hai, jo pratyeka saMsArI-jIva meM pAI jAtI hai| ina saMjJAoM meM maithuna-saMjJA bhI sammilita hai| ise hama kAmavAsanA bhI kaha sakate haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra, maithuna-saMjJA (kAmavAsanA) na kevala manuSyoM meM, apitu sabhI prANiyoM meM, yahAM taka ki ekendriya jIvoM arthAt vanaspati Adi meM bhI pAI jAtI hai aura usI se navasRjana hotA hai| vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra, sRSTi-cakra kA AdhAra maithuna-saMjJA yA kAmavAsanA hai aura unhoMne yaha bhI siddha kiyA hai ki kucha vanaspatiyA~, jaise -kurubaka, azoka, tilaka Adi ke vRkSa strI ke sparza, pAdaprahAra, kaTAkSa Adi se hI phalate-phUlate haiN| ___ jIva-vaijJAnikoM ke samAna hI manovaijJAnikoM ne bhI maithuna-saMjJA kI sarvavyApakatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM meM sigamaNDa phrAyaDa (Sigmund Freud} eka aise manovaijJAnika haiM, jo kAmatattva yA maithunasaMjJA kI sarvavyApakatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| isa prakAra tulanAtmaka-dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to maithuna-saMjJA yA kAmatattva kI sarvavyApakatA ko Adhunika manovijJAna aura jainadArzanika- donoM hI svIkAra karate haiN| phrAyaDa ne maithuna-saMjJA yA kAmatattva ko 'libiDo' kA nAma diyA hai, jisakA vAstavika artha hai - sukha kI cAha / vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki choTe se bacce se lekara bar3e taka yaha kAmatattva (libiDo) pAyA jAtA hai| jaina-dArzanika yadyapi isake niyaMtraNa kI bAta karate haiM, tathApi isakI sarvavyApakatA se ve bhI inkAra nahIM krte| phrAyaDa ne mAnasa ke tIna 500 prajJApanAsUtra, pada-18, sUtra 1326-1330 307 jIvAbhigama pratipatti 2, sUtra 62 (1-9) For Personal & Private Use Only

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184 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vibhAga kie haiM - cetana (Conscious}, arddhacetana {Subconscious) aura acetana {Unconscious} 100 cetana {Conscious} - cetana se tAtparya mana ke aise bhAga se hotA hai, jisameM ve sabhI anubhUtiyA~ hotI haiM, jinakA saMbaMdha vartamAna se hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, cetana kriyAoM kA sambandha tAtkAlika-anubhavoM se hotA hai, phalataH cetanaM vyaktitva ke choTe evaM sImita pahalU kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| kisI bhI kSaNa vyakti ke mana meM A rahI anubhUtiyoM Experiences} kA sambandha usake cetana se hI hotA hai| arddhacetana {Subconscious} - arddhacetana se tAtparya aise mAnasika-stara se hotA hai, jo sacamuca meM na to pUrNataH cetana hotA hai aura na hI pUrNataH acetn| isameM vaisI icchAe~, vicAra, bhAva Adi hote haiM, jo hamAre vartamAna cetana yA anubhava meM nahIM hote haiM, parantu prayAsa karane para ve hamAre cetana mana (Conscious mind} meM A jAte haiN| AlamArI meM hama amuka kitAba ko nahIM pAte aura thor3I dera ke lie parezAna ho jAte haiM, phira kucha socane para yAda AtI hai ki usa kitAba ko to hamane apane mitra ko de diyA thaa| vaha arddhacetana mana kA udAharaNa hogaa| phrAyaDa ke anusAra, arddhacetana cetana aura acetana kSetra ke bIca eka pula bridge} kA kAma karatA hai| acetana (Unconscious} - __ acetana kA zAbdika artha hai -jo cetana yA cetanA se pare ho| hamAre kucha anubhava isa prakAra ke hote haiM, jo na to hamArI cetanA Consciousness} meM hote haiM aura na hI arddhacetana Subconscious} meN| aise anubhava acetana meM hote haiN| acetana mana meM rahane vAle vicAra evaM icchAoM kA svarUpa kAmuka {Sexual}, asAmAjika fantisocial}, anaitika immoral} tathA ghRNita {hateful} hotA hai| cUMki aisI 308 Adhunika sAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNakumAra siMha AzISakumAra siMha, pR. 570 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 185 icchAoM evaM vicAroM ko dainika jindagI meM pUrNa karanA saMbhava nahIM ho pAtA, ataH unako damita {repress} kara diyA jAtA hai, jahA~ jAkara aisI icchAe~ samApta nahIM hotI, paraMtu thor3I dera ke lie niSkriya avazya ho jAtI haiM aura cetana meM Ane kA bharasaka prayAsa bhI karatI haiN| phrAyaDa ke anusAra, acetana anubhUtiyoM evaM vicAroM kA prabhAva hamAre vyavahAra para cetana evaM arddhacetana kI anubhUtiyoM evaM vicAroM se adhika hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki phrAyaDa ne apane siddhAnta meM acetana ko cetana evaM arddhacetana kI tulanA meM adhika mahattvapUrNa evaM bar3A {large] AkAra kA batAyA hai| cetana Conscious} arddhacetana {Subconscious acetana . {Unconscious} phrAyaDa kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki yaha kAmatattva (libiDo) acetana mana meM nivAsa karatA hai aura sattA ke rUpa meM vahA~ rahakara bhI cetana, arddhacetana (avacetana) stara para apanI abhivyakti kA prayatna karatA hai| phrAyaDa aura jainadarzana - donoM meM eka samAnatA isa bAta ko lekara bhI hai ki donoM hI arddhacetana (avacetana) yA cetana meM rahe hue ina kAma-saMskAroM ke damana ke samarthaka na hokara inake nirasana ke samarthaka haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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186 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki Id (iDa) vAsanAtmaka ahaM hai, ataH avyakta rUpa se rahe hue ina kAma-saMskAroM kA nirasana Avazyaka hai / yadyapi, yahA~ phrAyaDa aura jainadarzana meM matabheda haiM / jainadarzana maithuna - saMjJA yA kAma - saMskAroM ke pUrNataH nirasana kI saMbhAvanA ko svIkAra karatA hai, jabaki phrAyaDa aisA nahIM mAnatA, phira bhI donoM isa bAta meM ekamata haiM ki ina saMskAroM ke damana se cittazuddhi saMbhava nahIM hai| jainadarzana meM damana ko upazama ke rUpa meM aura nirasana ko kSaya ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai| jainadarzana kA kahanA hai ki damita vAsanAe~ sAdhanA ke ucca stara para sthita vyakti ko bhI nIce girA detI haiM / jainadarzana kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM kaheM, to upazama - mArga kA sAdhaka AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ke caudaha guNasthAnoM meM se gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka pahuMcakara vahA~ se giratA hai aura punaH prathama mithyAtva - guNasthAna taka A sakatA hai| 309 yaha tathya jainasAdhanA meM damana ke . anaucitya ko spaSTa karatA hai| kAmatattva ke mUla meM rAgavRtti rahatI hai / yahI rAgavRtti phrAyaDa ke darzana meM 'libiDo' ke artha meM mAnI gaI hai / 'rAga' tattva ke kAraNa hI vyakti 'para' se jur3atA hai aura 'para' ke jur3Ava kI yaha vRtti hI AdhyAtma ke kSetra meM kAmavRtti yA maithunasaMjJA kahI gaI hai| jainadarzana kAmavAsanA se mukta hokara vItarAgatA kI bAta karatA hai, jabaki phrAyaDa bhI apane manovizleSaNa ke siddhAnta 10 {Psychoanalytic theory} ke anusAra isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki vAsanA kA damana na karake usakA nirasana kara hama vAsanAoM se mukta ho sakate haiN| manovizleSaNa mana ke prati satata jAgarUkatA ke binA saMbhava nahIM / mana yA cetana kI satata jAgarUkatA hI jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kA AdhAra mAnI gaI hai| phrAyaDa aura jainadarzana donoM hI yaha mAnate haiM ki damita vAsanA yA karma - saMskAra kabhI bhI hamArI vimukti ke sAdhana nahIM bana sakate haiN| phrAyaDa ke anusAra, acetana mana hI vAsanAoM kA bhaNDAra hai aura una vAsanAoM ko damita stara para nahIM, para caitasika-stara para lAkara unakI nirarthakatA kA bodha karate hue hamArI cetanA se bahiSkRta kiyA jA sakatA 309 dekhie- guNasthAnArohaNa 310 manovizleSaNAtmaka - siddhAnta mAnava - prakRti yA svabhAva (Human Nature } ke bAre meM kucha mUla pUrvakalpanAoM (basic assumptions) para AdhArita hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 187 hai| jainasAdhanA-paddhati to samatva (samabhAva) kI sAdhanA hai|311 vAsanAoM ke damana kA mArga to cittakSobha utpanna karatA hai, ataH vaha use svIkAra nahIM hai| jainasAdhanA kA Adarza kSAyika-sAdhanA hai, jisameM vAsanA kA damana nahIM, varan vAsanA-zUnyatA hI sAdhaka kA lakSya hai| jainadarzana kAmavRtti ko jagAne meM mUla kAraNa vedamohanIya-karma ko mAnatA hai| phrAyaDa bhI janmajAta zArIrika-uttejanA ko hI isakA mUla kAraNa mAnatA hai| jainadarzana meM vedamohanIya-karma, jo Antarika hai, vAsanA ko jagAne ke lie upAdAna-kAraNa hai, parantu bAhya-kAraNa bhI nimittakAraNa hote haiM aura kucha zArIrika-kAraNa, naimittika-vAtAvaraNa, azubha saMskAra bhI kAraNabhUta hote haiM, jo nimitta milate hI prabala ho uThate haiN| saMbhUti muni 12, rathanemi 313 Adi ke paurANika- udAharaNa isa bAta ko spaSTa karate haiN| ___ jainadarzana aura phrAyaDa yaha mAnatA hai ki vAsanA ko nirasana ke dvArA hI samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra eka sundara makAna ke nirmANa ke sAtha-sAtha gaMdagI ko nikAlane ke lie nAliyoM kI ucita vyavasthA kI jAtI hai, kyoMki gaMdagI ke kAraNa makAna kA aura AsapAsa kA vAtAvaraNa dUSita na ho, usI prakAra jainadarzana bhI kAmavAsanA ke nirasana ke lie 'vivAha-saMskAra' aura 'svadAra-saMtoSavrata' kI vyavasthA kA siddhAnta pratipAdita karatA hai, jisase kAmavAsanA kA nirasana bhI ho jAe aura samAja kI vyavasthA bhI sucArU rUpa se calatI rhe| jainadarzana jahA~ icchAoM evaM vAsanAoM ko damita karanA cAhatA hai, vahIM phrAyaDa ise bAhya rUpa se nirasana kI bAta karatA hai| __phrAyaDa ke anusAra, mAnasa ke tIna prakAra haiM - cetana, arddhacetana (avacetana) aura acetn| acetana mana damita icchAoM kA saMgrahAlaya hai, jo svapna aura manovikRtiyoM ko janma detA hai| rAgadveSa-rUpa kaSAya kI pRSThabhUmi meM ve manovikRtiyA~ panapatI rahatI haiN| phrAyaDa ne jise libiDo nAma diyA thA, jainadarzana usake lie hI 'kAmanA' zabda kA prayoga kara use 3|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 23/58 312 uttarAdhyayana cUrNi 13, pR. 314 313 dazavaikAlikasUtra - 2/11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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188 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnatA hai| yaha kaSAya mohanIya-karma kA bIjatattva hai| isa dRSTi se donoM meM samAnatA dikhAI detI hai| acetana mana ke sAtha sUkSma-zarIrarUpa karma aura saMskAra jur3e hue haiN| yahI saMskAra anuvAMzikatA aura jInsa ke siddhAntoM ko samajhane meM sahayogI banate haiN| jainadarzana meM rAga-dveSa bhAvoM kA janma isI karma-cetanA (acetana mana) se hI hotA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM 'aNegacitta khalu ayaM purise', arthAt vAsanAoM ke kAraNa yaha citta aneka bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai| yaha kathana citta kI yathArthatA ko abhivyakta karatA hai, jo manovijJAna kA prasthApaka bindu hai| yahI citta karmacetanA ko utpanna karatA hai| usameM kucha prazasta hotI haiM aura kucha aprshst| cetana mana ko viveka ke kAraNa vAsanAoM se saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai| kabhI ina icchAoM kA, kAmavRtti kA nirasana bhI kiyA jAtA hai aura kabhI viveka ke mAdhyama se punaH acetana mana meM bheja diyA jAtA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jainadarzana kI maithana-saMjJA aura phrAyaDa kI kAma-saMjJA arthAt libiDo vyAvahArika rUpa se samAna haiN| Adhunika manovaijJAnika phrAyaDa yaha kahatA hai ki kAmavAsanA kA damana yA manonigraha mAnasika svAsthya ke lie. ahitakara hai| yahI nahIM, icchAoM aura vAsanAoM ke damana meM jitanI adhika tIvratA hotI hai, ve damita vAsanAe~ utane hI vega se vikRta rUpa meM prakaTa hokara kevala apanI hI pUrti kA prayAsa hI nahIM karatI haiM, varan manuSya ke vyaktitva ko bhI vikRta banA detI haiM, paraMtu jainadharma brahmacarya kI ArAdhanA ke dvArA maithunasaMjJA/kAmavAsanA ko damita karane aura mukti ko prApta karane ke mArga ko prazasta karatA hai| kAmavAsanA ke damana evaM nirasana ke sambandha meM jaina-dRSTikoNa - jaina-dRSTikoNa kAmavAsanA ke damana ke sambandha meM yaha kahatA hai ki vikAsa kA saccA mArga vAsanAoM kA upazama yA damana nahIM hai, unakA nirasana yA kSaya karanA hai, kyoMki damita citta meM vAsanA kI sattA banI rahatI hai| vAsanA ko jitanA dabAyA jAtA hai, vaha utanI hI tejI se visphoTita hotI hai, jabaki kSaya meM vAsanA dhIre-dhIre kama hokara samApta ho 314 AcArAMgasUtra- 3/1/42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 189 jAtI hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi meM bhI damana meM vAsanA Id} aura naitika mana {super ego} meM saMgharSa calatA rahatA hai, lekina kSaya meM yaha saMgharSa nahIM hotA hai, vahA~ to vAsanA jagatI hI nahIM hai| damana aura nirasana ko spaSTa karane ke lie udAharaNataH, jaise- pAnI gaMdA hai aura usameM phiTakarI DAlakara pAnI ke maila ko upazamita kiyA jAtA hai, lekina isa pAnI ko hilAne para punaH pAnI gaMdA dikhAI detA hai, parantu jaba pAnI ko philTara meM DAlakara sApha kiyA jAtA hai, to phira pAnI gaMdA hone kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM rahatI hai, jisa prakAra pAnI kI gaMdagI philTara dvArA pUrNa rUpa se sApha ho gaI, to phira gaMdA hone kI saMbhAvanA hI samApta ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra vAsanA ke kSaya se punaH vAsanA utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM rahatI hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra15 meM kahA hai - striyoM ke aMga-pratyaMga, hAvabhAva, saundarya, cAlaDhAla, aMgaceSTA Adi ko gaura se dekhane se kAmarAga kI vRddhi hotI hai tathA damita kAmavAsanA punaH jAgrata ho jAtI hai| sAmAnyataH, damana zabda kA prayoga balapUrvaka hone vAle nirodha ke artha meM kiyA jAtA hai| saMskRta-hindI-koza meM isa zabda ke aneka artha prApta hote haiN| unameM se kucha nimna haiM - dabAnA, niyantrita karanA, nirAveza, zAnta, AtmasaMyama, vaza meM karanA, jiitnaa| 16 jahA~ taka nirasana zabda ke artha kA prazna hai, usakA pracalita artha nikAlanA evaM dUra karanA hai, kintu saMskRta-hindI-koza ke anusAra isake nimna aneka artha haiM - nikAlanA, prakSepana, haTAnA, dUra karanA, udvamana, unmUlana, niSkAsana, rokanA, dabAnA vinAza aadi| jainasAdhanA-paddhati to samatva (samabhAva) kI sAdhanA hai|318 vAsanAoM ke damana kA mArga to cittakSobha utpanna karatA hai, ataH vaha use svIkArya nahIM hai| jainasAdhanA kA Adarza kSAyika-sAdhanA hai, jisameM vAsanA kA damana nahIM, varan vAsanA-kSaya hI sAdhaka kA lakSya hai| vAsanAoM kA kSaya kaise kiyA jAe ? isa saMdarbha meM AcArya hemacandra yogazAstra meM kahate haiM ki mana jina-jina viSayoM meM pravRtta hotA ho, unase use balAt nahIM rokanA cAhie, kyoMki balAt rokane se vaha la 315 dazavaikAlikasUtra - 8/57 316 saMskRtahindI koza, pR. 488 317 saMskRtahindI koza, pR. 535 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 23/58 For Personal & Private Use Only

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190 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva usa ora adhika daur3ane lagatA hai aura na rokane se zAnta ho jAtA hai| jaise madonmatta hAthI ko rokA jAe, to vaha aura adhika prerita hotA hai aura use na rokA jAe, to vaha apane iSTa viSayoM ko prApta karake zAnta ho jAtA hai, yahI sthiti vAsanAoM aura mana kI hai| sAdhaka apane-apane viSayoM ko grahaNa karatI huI indriyoM ko na to roke aura na unheM pravRtta kre| vaha kevala itanA dhyAna rakhe ki viSayoM ke prati rAgadveSa utpanna na ho| vaha pratyeka sthiti meM taTastha banA rhe| vaha apanI vRtti ko udAsIna banA le aura kiMcit bhI saMkalpa-vikalpa na kre| jo citta-saMkalpoM se vyAkula hotA hai, usameM sthiratA nahIM A sktii|19 isa prakAra, kamanIya rUpa ko dekhatA huA aura manojJa vANI ko sunatA huA, sugaMdhita padArthoM ko sUMghatA huA, rasa ke AsvAdana kA anubhava karatA huA, komala padArthoM kA sparza karatA huA aura anubhUtiyoM ko na rokatA huA bhI, udAsIna bhAva se yukta tathA Asakti kA parityAga karake, bAhya aura Antarika-cintAoM evaM ceSTAoM se rahita hokara, ekAgratA ko prApta karake sAdhaka atIva anAsakta-bhAva yA vItarAgatA ko prApta kara letA hai|320 udAsIna-bhAva meM nimagna, saba prakAra ke prayatna se rahita aura paramAnanda-dazA kI bhAvanA karanevAlA 'yogI kisI bhI jagaha mana ko nahIM jor3atA hai| isa prakAra, AtmA jaba mana kI upekSA kara detI hai, to vaha upekSita mana indriyoM kA Azraya nahIM karatA aura vAsanA ko utpanna hone ke srota ko hI samApta kara detA hai| jaise vAyuvihIna sthAna meM sthApita dIpaka nirAbAdha prakAzamAn hotA hai, usI prakAra manovRttiyoM kI caMcalatArUpI vAyu kA abhAva ho jAne se AtmA meM karma-mala se rahita zuddha AtmajJAna kA prakAza hotA hai|21 jainAcAryoM ne isa prakAra vAsanAoM evaM mana ke vilayana kI jo avasthA batAyI, vaha sahaja hI sAdhya nahIM hai, isalie vAsanAoM ko samApta karane kA vAstavika upAya brahmacarya, arthAt maithuna-saMjJA para vijaya ho sakatI hai, kyoMki bhogoM ke mAdhyama se vAsanA kI tRpti ho jAtI hai, parantu 017 yogazAstra - 12/27-28, 12/26, 12/19 320 yogazAstra - 12/23-25 vahI - 12/33-36 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 191 usakA abhAva nahIM hotaa| vaha dogune vega se punaH ubharatI hai| prArambhika dazA meM zrAvaka meM itanI sAmarthya nahIM hotI hai ki vaha brahmacarya-mahAvrata kA pAlana kara sake, ata: usake lie svapatnI-saMtoSavrata batAyA gayA hai| dampatti eka-dUsare se santuSTa aura prasanna raheM, dAmpatya kI maryAdA ke bAhara AkarSaNa kA anubhava na kreN| puruSa ke lie eka hI patnI aura strI ke lie eka hI pati kI maryAdA hara prakAra se ucita, nyAyasaMgata aura nirApada siddha huI hai| gRhasthoM ke lie yahI 'brahmacarya-aNuvrata' hai| kAmavAsanAoM kA damana aura nirasana, brahmacarya ke mAdhyama se - lAlaTena kI lau se prakAza hotA hai, parantu kA~ca kI haNDI yadi dhue~ se kAlI ho cukI ho, to lau ko Apa kitanI bhI teja kara deM, usase vastue~ sApha-sApha nahIM dikhAI detii| isI prakAra, AtmA meM jJAna kI lau hai, ananta prakAza hai, parantu mana para viSaya-vAsanAoM ke dhue~ rUpI AvaraNa ho, to satya kA darzana nahIM ho sktaa| mana kI nirmalatA ke lie tana, kI, zarIra kI nirmalatA/svasthatA atyAvazyaka hai| kisI aMgrejI cintaka ne ThIka hI kahA hai - "Sound mind lives in sound body" sabala zarIra meM hI sabala mana rahatA hai| sukha ke saikar3oM sAdhana hoM, kintu yadi zarIra svastha nahIM hai, to una sAdhanoM kA koI mUlya nahIM, koI Ananda nhiiN| jIvana kA saccA sukha, saccA Ananda svasthatA hai, arthAt 'sva' meM avasthiti hai| yaha tabhI sambhava hai, jaba viSayoM kI ora nahIM bhaageN| tana kI svasthatA kA AdhAra bhI indriyoM kA saMyama, brahmacarya evaM sadAcAra kA pAlana hI hai| brahmacarya hI tana aura mana kI svasthatA kA AdhAra hai| mahApuruSoM ne kahA hai brahmacarya jIvana hai, vAsanA mRtyu hai| brahmacarya amRta hai, vAsanA viSa hai| brahmacarya ananta zAnti hai, vAsanA azAnti hai| brahmacarya zuddha jyoti hai, vAsanA ghanA andhakAra hai| yaha vicAraNIya hai ki zIla kyA hai ? brahmacarya kyA hai ? inase zArIrika aura mAnasika-svasthatA kA kyA sambandha hai ? 322 upAsakadazAMga - 1/44 For Personal & Private Use Only

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192 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 'brahmacarya' zabda 'brahma' aura 'carya'- ina do zabdoM ke saMyoga se banA hai| brahma kA artha hai - AtmA kI zuddha dazA; carya kA artha hai - AcaraNa / AtmA ke zuddha svabhAva ko prApta karane vAlA AcaraNa brahmacarya hai| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA paramAtmasvarUpa kI sAdhanA hai| brahmavrata kI sAdhanA kA artha mana-vacana evaM kAyA se vAsanArUpI karma-bIja kA unmUlana karanA hai| 923 yadyapi brahmacarya kA mahAvratoM kI parigaNanA meM caturtha krama hai, tathApi vaha apanI adbhuta mahimA aura garimA ke kAraNa sabhI vratoM meM prathama sthAna rakhatA hai| "taM baMbha bhagavaMtaM titthayare ceva jahA muNINaM,324 arthAt brahmacarya svayaM bhagavAn hai| jaise zramaNoM meM tIrthaMkara sarvazreSTha hai, vaise hI vratoM meM brahmacarya zreSTha hai| eka brahmacarya-vrata kI jo ArAdhanA kara letA hai, vaha samasta vrata-niyamoM kI ArAdhanA kara letA hai| samasta vrata, niyama, tapa, zIla, vinaya, satya, saMyama Adi kI sAdhanA kA mUla AdhAra brahmacarya ko mAnA gayA hai| brahmacarya kA artha hai - indriyoM kI apane-apane viSayoM ke prati rahI huI Asakti samApta krnaa| praznavyAkaraNasUtra 325 meM battIsa upamAoM dvArA brahmacarya kI zreSThatA sthApita kI gaI hai, jo nimna haiM - 1. jisa prakAra samasta grahoM, nakSatroM aura tAroM meM candramA pradhAna hotA hai, usI prakAra samasta vratoM meM brahmacarya pradhAna hai| 2. maNi, muktA, zilA, pravAla aura lAla (ratna) kI utpatti ke sthAnoM (khAnoM) meM samudra pradhAna hai, usI prakAra brahmacarya sarva vratoM kA zreSTha udbhava-sthAna hai| 3. brahmacarya maNiyoM meM vaidUryamaNi ke samAna uttama hai| 4. brahmacarya AbhUSaNoM meM mukuTa ke samAna hai| 5. brahmacarya samasta prakAra ke vastroM meM kSaumayugala-kapAsa ke vastrayugala ___ke sadRza hai| 6. brahmacarya puSpoM meM zreSTha aravinda (kamala) puSpa ke samAna hai| 7. brahmacarya candanoM meM gozIrSa candana ke samAna zreSTha hai| 8. jaise auSadhiyoM, camatkArika vanaspatiyoM kA utpatti sthAna himavAn parvata hai, usI prakAra AmazauSadhi kI utpatti kA sthAna brahmacarya hai| 323 gAMdhI vANI, pR. 19 324 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, saMvaradvAra-4 325 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, saMvaradvAra-adhyayana 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 9. jaise nadiyoM meM zItodA nadI pradhAna hai, vaise hI saba vratoM meM brahmacarya pradhAna hai| 10. samasta samudroM meM svayaMbhUramaNa samudra jaise mahAn hai, usI prakAra vratoM meM brahmacarya mahAn hai / 11. jaise golAkAra ( mANDalika) parvatoM meM rucakavara (terahaveM dvIpa meM sthita) parvata pradhAna hai, usI prakAra saba vratoM meM brahmacarya pradhAna hai| 12. indroM kA airAvaNa nAmaka gajarAja jaise sarva gajarAjoM meM zreSTha hai, usI prakAra brahmacarya bhI sabhI vratoM meM zreSTha hai / 193 13. brahmacarya vanya- jantuoM meM siMha ke samAna pradhAna hai| 14. suparNakumAra devoM meM veNudeva ke samAna saba vratoM meM brahmacarya zreSTha hai| 15. jaise nAgakumAra jAti ke devoM meM dharaNendra pradhAna hai, usI prakAra sarva vratoM meM brahmacarya pradhAna hai| 16. brahmacarya kalpoM meM brahmaloka kalpa ke samAna uttama hai, kyoMki brahmaloka kA kSetra mahAn hai aura vahA~ kA indra atyanta zubha pariNAma vAlA hotA hai / 17. jaise utpAda - sabhA, abhiSeka - sabhA, alaMkAra - sabhA, vyavasAya - sabhA Adi sabhAoM meM sudharma - sabhA zreSTha hai, usI prakAra vratoM meM brahmacarya zreSTha hai| 18. jaise sthitiyoM meM lavasaptamA arthAt anuttaravimAnavAsI devoM kI sthiti pradhAna hai, usI prakAra vratoM meM brahmacarya pradhAna hai / 19. saba dAnoM meM abhayadAna ke samAna brahmacarya saba vratoM meM zreSTha haiM 20. brahmacarya saba prakAra ke kambaloM meM ratnakambala ( kRmirAgarakta) ke samAna zreSTha hai| 21. saMhananoM meM vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana ke samAna brahmacarya sarvazreSTha hai 22. saMsthAnoM meM samacaturasra - saMsthAna ke samAna brahmacarya sarvazreSTha hai| 23. jaise dhyAnoM meM zukladhyAna sarvapradhAna hai, usI prakAra vratoM meM brahmacarya - zreSTha hai| 24. samasta jJAnoM meM jaise kevalajJAna zreSTha hai, vaise hI vratoM meM brahmacarya zreSTha hai| 25. samasta lezyAoM meM zuklalezyA ke samAna vratoM meM brahmacarya zreSTha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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194 ___ jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 26. muniyoM meM jaise tIrthaMkara uttama haiM, usI prakAra vratoM meM brahmacarya-vrata uttama hai| 27. kSetroM meM mahAvidehakSetra kI taraha hI vratoM meM brahmacarya uttama hai| 28. parvatoM meM girirAja sumeru kI bhAMti vratoM meM brahmacarya sarvottama vrata 29. jaise samasta vanoM meM nandana-vana pradhAna hai, usI prakAra samasta vratoM ___ meM brahmacarya pradhAna hai| 30. jaise samasta. vRkSoM meM sudarzana jambU-vRkSa pradhAna hai, usI prakAra . samasta vratoM meM brahmacarya pradhAna hai| 31. jaise azvAdhipati, gajAdhipati aura sthAdhipati rAjA vikhyAta hotA hai, usI prakAra vratAdhipati brahmacarya vikhyAta hai| 32. jaise rathikoM meM mahArathI rAjA zreSTha hotA hai, usI prakAra samasta vratoM meM brahmacarya-vrata sarvazreSTha hai| isa prakAra, eka brahmacarya kI ArAdhanA karane para aneka guNa svataH hI prApta ho jAte haiN| brahmacarya ke prabhAva se ihaloka aura paraloka-sambandhI yaza aura kIrti prApta hotI hai, ataeva ekAgra-sthira citta se tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se vizuddha sarvathA nirdoSa brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA caahie| prAcIna sAhitya kA anuzIlana va parizIlana karane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki 'brahma' zabda ke mukhya rUpa se tIna artha haiM - 'brahma' vIrya hai| 'brahma' AtmA hai| 'brahma vidyA hai| 'carya' zabda ke bhI tIna artha haiM - rakSaNa, ramaNa aura adhyyn| isa prakAra, brahmacarya ke tIna artha hue - 1. vIryarakSaNa, 2. AtmaramaNa aura 3. vidyaadhyyn| vIryarakSaNa artha to prAyaH prasiddha hai, kintu isake Age ke do artha bhI mananIya haiN| AtmasvarUpa meM lIna honA aura satata jJAnArjana karate rahanA- ye brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ko sampUrNatA pradAna karate haiN| isa prakAra, brahmacarya kA artha huA- vikAroM kA upazamana kara jJAnapUrvaka AtmA meM ramaNa krnaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 195 vIryarakSaNa - maharSi pataMjali ne 'yogadarzana' meM brahmacarya kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai - 'brahmacarya pratiSThAyAM vIrya lAbhaH',126 brahmacarya kI pUrNa sAdhanA kara lene para apUrva mAnasika-zakti aura zarIra-bala prApta hotA hai| 'yogadarzana' ke bhASyakAra aura TIkAkAroM ne 'vIrya' zabda kA artha 'zakti aura bala' kiyA hai| jaba taka vyakti apane vIrya aura zakti kA rakSaNa nahIM karatA, taba taka zarIra ojasvI aura tejasvI nahIM banatA hai| zarIra-vijJAna kI dRSTi se zArIrika-zakti kA kendra vIrya aura zukra haiN| zarIra ke isa mahattvapUrNa aMza ko adhomukhI hokara bahane se UrdhvamukhI banAnA brahmacarya hai| vIrya ke vinAza se jIvana kA sarvatomukhI patana hotA hai| vIrya-nirmANa - bhAratIya Ayurveda-zAstra meM tathA pAzcAtya-cintakoM ne vIrya aura usakI utpatti ke sambandha meM gaharAI se anucintana kiyA hai| vaidyaka-zAstra ke Adya praNetA AcArya caraka ne apane grantha 'caraka saMhitA' meM likhA hai ki hama jo bhojana karate haiM, pAcana kriyA ke krama meM usakA sarvaprathama rasa banatA hai| rasa se rakta, phira 'mAMsa, usake bAda meda, tatpazcAta asthiyA~, asthiyoM se majjA, majjA se anta meM zukra arthAt vIrya banatA hai|327 pratyeka ke banane meM sAta-sAta dina lagate haiN| Aja bhojana kiyA, sAta dina bAda rasa banegA, caudaha dina bAda rakta, ikkIsa dina bAda mAMsa, aTThAIsa dina bAda meda, paiMtIsa dina bAda asthiyA~, bayAlIsa dina bAda majjA aura unapacAsaveM dina kahIM jAkara vIrya kA nirmANa hotA hai, joki hamAre jIvana kI amUlya zakti hai, vaha bhI sirpha Der3ha tolA hI banatA hai| bhojana ko pacAte-pacAte unapacAsa dinoM ke bAda jo zakti hamane prApta kI, vaha eka bAra ke saMbhoga meM naSTa ho jAtI hai| maharSi suzruta328 kA abhimata hai - rasa se zukra taka saptadhAtuoM ke parama teja bhAga ko ojas 326 pAtaMjali yogadarzana - 2/38 327 1) rasAt raktaM tato mAMsaM, mAMsAt bhedo prjaayte| bhedaso'sthi tato majjA, majjAyAH zukrasaMbhava / / - carakasaMhitA, a.3 zloka 6 2) samayasAra, gAthA-179 1028 rasAdinA zukrAMtAnAM dhAtunAM yatparaMtejastat khalvojastadeva blm| - sUtrasthAna, 15/19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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196 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kahate haiN| yaha ojas bala aura zaktiyukta hai| zAraMgadhara kA kathana hai329 - ojas sampUrNa zarIra meM rahatA hai| vaha atyanta snigdha, zItala, sthira, zveta, saumya tathA zarIra ko bala tathA puSTi pradAna karane vAlA hai, parantu abrahma ke kAraNa kSaNamAtra meM vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai| jaise samrATa bahuta sundara udyAna lgvaae| sundara-sundara phUla cunavAe, una hajAroM phUloM se itra banavAe, usa itra kI mAtra do-cAra bUMda upayoga meM le aura bAkI itra nAlI meM pheMka de, use mUrkhatA hI kheNge| vIrya ke hAsa se jJAna-tantu durbala ho jAte haiN| vIrya kA nAza mastiSka kA nAza hai, kyoMki vIrya aura mastiSka -donoM eka hI padArtha se nirmita haiN| donoM ke nirmAtA rAsAyanika-tattva eka se haiN| zArIrika aura mAnasika-parizrama karane se, athavA nirantara kisI kArya meM lage rahane se vIrya ke jo aNu haiM, ve mastiSka meM vyaya ho jAte haiN| jisakA vIrya AvazyakatA se adhika mAtrA meM vyaya ho jAtA hai, usakI mastiSkIya aura cintana-zakti durbala ho jAtI hai| brahmacarya : AtmaramaNa - brahmacarya kA dUsarA artha 'AtmaramaNa' hai| brahmacArI sAdhaka kAmavAsanA se apane Apa ko mukta rakhatA hai| usakA mana nirvikArI hotA hai| vaha vAsanA kA tyAga karatA hai aura vAsanA ko uddIpta karane vAle sAdhanoM kA bhI tyAga karatA hai| vAsanA se AtmA meM malinatA AtI hai aura brahma kA apUrva teja usase dhUmila ho jAtA hai| brahmacArI sAdhaka indriyoM ke viSayabhUta pudgaloM ke pariNamana ko jaisA hai, vaisA-jAnakara, apanI AtmA ko upazAnta kara, tRSNA rahita ho vihAra kre|30 sAdhaka AtmA ko vikArI bhAvoM se haTAkara apane-Apako zuddha pariNati meM kendrita karatA hai, yA brahmacarya kI jo sAdhanA karatA hai, vahI paramAtma-bhAva kI sAdhanA karatA hai| jisa sAdhaka kA mana viSaya-vAsanA ke bIhar3a vanoM meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai, vaha sAdhaka kabhI bhI antarmukhI nahIM banatA hai aura antarmukhI yA Atmakendrita hue binA brahmacarya kI sahI sAdhanA nahIM ho sakatI hai| jisakA mana bahuvidha bhoga ke viSayoM meM phaMsA huA hai, vaha brahmacarya kI 329 ojaH sarvazarIrasyaM snigdhaM zIta sthiraM sitm| somAtmakaM zarIrasya bala-puSTikaraM mtm|| - zivasaMhitA 330 dazavaikAlikasUtra - 8/59 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 197 utkRSTa sAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki vividha viSayoM ke bhoga kI AkAMkSA meM lagA huA mana kabhI sthira nahIM hotA hai| brahmacarya : vidyAdhyayana - brahmacarya kA tIsarA artha 'vidyAdhyayana' hai| atharvaveda 31 meM likhA hai ki brahmacarya se teja, dhRti, sAhasa aura vidyA kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vaha zakti kA srota hai| usase bala, sAhasa, nirbhayatA, prasannatA aura zarIra meM apUrva tejasvitA AtI hai| __ Arya-saMskRti meM brahmacarya kI mahimA aparaMpAra hai| zaktisaMpanna manobalI sAdhaka ko to jIvanaparyaMta brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA cAhie, parantu yadi jIvana-paryaMta pAlana karane meM samartha na ho, to bhI vidyArthI jIvana meM to brahmacarya kA pAlana atyanta hI Avazyaka hai| jo vidyArthI vidyArthI jIvana meM brahmacarya-pAlana meM zithila ho jAtA hai aura yena-kena upAya se apanI vAsanA kI pUrti karane kA prayAsa karatA hai, usa vyakti kI vIryazakti kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura vaha dhIre-dhIre kamajora ho jAtA hai| vidyArthI-jIvana meM to adhyayana, khela va anya pravRtti meM adhika zakti, ekAgratA va saMkalpabala kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai, jisakI prApti brahmacarya se hI saMbhava hai| vaidika-paramparA meM Azrama vyavasthA ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai| usameM sarvaprathama Azrama brahmacaryAzrama hai| brahmacarya kI sudRr3ha nIMva para hI anya Azrama Tike hue haiN| brahmacarya se buddhi pUrNa rUpa se nirmala rahatI hai, isalie vaha pratyeka viSaya ko sahaja rUpa se grahaNa kara sakatI hai| vedoM ke prazasta bhASyakAra sAyaNa32 ne brahmacArI zabda kA artha karate hue likhA hai - vedAtmaka-brahma kA adhyayana karanA jisakA svabhAva hai, vahI brahmacArI hai| veda brahma haiN| vedAdhyayana ke lie AcaraNIya karma brahmacarya hai| Rgveda 333, atharvaveda, taittarIyasaMhitA Adi meM 'brahmacarya' aura 'brahmacArI' zabda prApta hote haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa granthoM meM bhI brahmacarya zabda kI vyAkhyA hai| brahmacaryeNa vai vidyaa| - atharvaveda- 15, 5-17 atharvaveda - 11-5-1, 11-5-16 (sAyaNabhASya) Rgveda - 10-109-5 atharvaveda - 5/16 15, 11-5-1-26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vaidika-sAhitya ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki brahmacaryAzrama meM to brahmacarya kI pradhAnatA thI hI, vAnaprasthAzrama aura saMnyAsAzrama meM bhI brahmacarya ko hI mahattva diyA gayA thA, kevala gRhasthAzrama meM kAmavAsanA kI tRpti kI chUTa thI, kintu vaha chUTa bahuta hI sImita thI, kevala santAnotpatti ke lie | gRhasthAzrama meM bhI adhika samaya to brahmacarya kA pAlana hI kiyA jAtA thA / brahmacarya : apUrva kalA brahmacarya jIvana kI sAdhanA hai / vaha eka apUrva kalA hai, jo vicAra aura vyavahAra ko AcAra meM pariNata karatI hai| usase zArIrika - saundarya meM nikhAra AtA hai, mana vizuddha banatA hai / vaha kahane kI vastu nahIM, AcaraNa karane kI vastu hai / 198 brahmacarya meM amita zakti hai / vaha zakti mana meM eka apUrva kSamatA kA saMcAra karatI hai| antarAtmA meM eka prabala preraNA udbuddha karatI hai / pracaNDa zakti va daidIpyamAn teja ke kAraNa jIvana meM apUrva jyoti jagamagAne lagatI hai| brahmacarya aisI dhadhakatI huI Aga hai, jisameM tapakara AtmA kundana kI taraha damakane lagatI hai, vaha aisI adbhuta auSadha hai, jisase apUrva bala prApta hotA hai| paramAtma-tattva ke darzana karane ke lie vikAroM kA damana karanA Avazyaka hai / brahmacarya jahA~ bAhya - jagat meM hamAre tana ko svastha rakhatA hai, vahA~ antarjagat meM vicAroM ko bhI vizuddha rakhatA hai / mAnava- - jIvana meM brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ke binA sarvAMgINa vikAsa saMbhava nahIM hotA hai| jaba mana meM vAsanAe~ utpanna hotI haiM, taba citta kA vicalana bar3ha jAtA hai aura jIvana kA vikAsa ruka jAtA hai, isIlie kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka sukhAbhilASI hokara kAma - bhogoM kI kAmanA na kare, prApta bhogoM ko bhI aprApta jaisA kara de, arthAt upalabdha bhogoM ke prati bhI niHspRha rahe / 337 mAnava kA tana sAmAnya tana nahIM hai| vaha bahuta hI mUlyavAn hai / isa zarIra kA yadi sadupayoga kare, to vaha nara se nArAyaNa bana sakatA hai, 335 336 337 taittarIya saMhitA 3-10-5 zatapatha brAhmaNa -9-5-4-12 kAmI kAme na kAmae, laddhe vAvi aladdha kaNhuI / - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra - 1/2/3/6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 199 insAna se bhagavAn ho sakatA hai, para mAnava kA atyanta durbhAgya hai ki yuvAvasthA prArambha hote hI usameM vAsanA kI Aga sulagane lagatI hai| vaha usa para niyantraNa nahIM kara paataa| vAtAvaraNa kI vAyu se yaha Aga aura bhar3aka uThatI hai, jisase usake zarIra kA teja aura oja dhUmila hone lagatA hai| vikAsa kI jo kalpanAe~ usake antarmAnasa meM panapatI haiM, ve kalpanAe~ vAsanAoM kI cinagArI se bhasma ho jAtI haiM, vaha pragati nahIM kara pAtA, isalie bhArata ke tattvadarzI maharSiyoM ne brahmacarya para adhika bala diyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki brahmacarya jIvana ko sundara, sundaratara aura sundaratama banAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra38 meM brahmacarya ko sabhI tapoM meM zreSTha mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra brahmacarya ko zreSThatama vrata mAnA hai|339 atyanta duSkara brahmacarya kI sAdhanA karane vAle brahmacArI ko to deva, dAnava, gaMdharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnarAdi sabhI namaskAra karate haiN| 40 jaina-paramparA meM hI nahIM, apitu bauddha-paramparA meM bhI brahmacarya kA mahattva eka svara se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dhammapada 341 meM kahA hai - agarU aura candana kI sugaMdha lo bahuta alpa mAtrA meM hotI hai, para brahmacarya (zIla) kI aisI sugandha hai, jo devatAoM ke dila ko lubhA detI hai| vaha sugandha itanI vyApaka hotI hai ki mAnava-loka meM to kyA, devaloka meM bhI vyApta ho jAtI hai| visuddhimagga342 meM kahA hai - nirvANa-nagara meM praveza karane ke lie brahmacarya ke samAna aura koI dvAra nhiiN| bauddha-tripiTaka-sAhitya ke anuzIlana meM yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ para 'brahmacarya' tIna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| dIghanikAya43 meM brahmacarya kA prayoga buddha dvArA pratipAdita 'dharma-mArga' ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| 538 tavesu vA uttama baMbhaceraM - vahI 1/6/23 339 esa dhamme dhuve niae, sAsae jinndisie| siddhA sijjhanti cANeNa sijjhissanti thaavre| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra-16/17 340 vahI - 16-16 541 caMdanaM tagaraM vApi uppalaM atha vssikii| etesaM gaMdhaz2AtAna sIlagaMdho anuttro|| - dhammapada 4-12 saggArohana sopAnaM aMjaM sIlasamaM kuto| dvAraM vA pana nivvAna-nagarassa pvesne|| - visuddhimagga, pari-1 343 dIghanikAya, mahAparinivvANasutta, pR. 131 For Personal & Private Use Only

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200 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dIghanikAya ke poTTapAda meM usakA artha 'bauddha dharma meM nivAsa'344 hai, jisase nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| brahmacarya kA tIsarA artha 'maithuna-viramaNa 345 hai| AtmA anantakAla se apane zuddha svarUpa ko vismRta kara cukI hai aura jo usakA nija svabhAva nahIM hai, use vaha apanA svabhAva mAna baiThI hai| anantakAla se vikAra aura vAsanAe~ AtmA ke sAtha haiM, para vaha AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM hai| pAnI svabhAva se zItala hai, agni ke saMsparza se vaha uSNa ho jAtA hai, para uSNatA usakA svabhAva nahIM hai| Aga kA svabhAva uSNa hai, mircI kA svabhAva tIkhApana hai, mizrI kA svabhAva madhuratA hai, vaise hI AtmA kA svabhAva vikArarahita avasthA yA svabhAvadazA hai| vibhAva karmoM kA svabhAva hai, isalie vaha aupAdhika-bhAva hai| usa vibhAva se haTakara jina-svabhAva meM ramaNa karanA hI brahmacarya hai| jaina-paramparA meM 'brahmacarya' zabda vyApaka artha ko lie hue hai| AcArAMga kA apara nAma bhI 'brahmacaryAdhyayana 346 hai| brahmacarya-adhyayana meM pravacana kA sAra hai aura mokSa kA upAya pratipAdita hai| mokSa prApti ke lie jitane bhI Avazyaka sadguNa aura AcaraNa karane yogya bAteM haiM, ve sabhI brahmacarya meM A gii|347 brahmacarya meM sAre mUlaguNoM va uttaraguNoM kA samAveza hai|48 AcArya bhadrabAhujI49 kA mantavya hai ki bhAva-brahma do prakAra kA hai - eka, zramaNa kA 'bastI saMyama' aura dvitIya, zramaNa kA 'sampUrNa saMyama' | zramaNadharma grahaNa karate samaya mumukSu sAdhaka mahAvratoM ko svIkAra karatA hai, usameM caturtha mahAvrata brahmacarya hai|350 vaha deva-sambandhI, manuSya-sambandhI yA tiryaMca-sambandhI,351 sabhI prakAra ke maithuna kA parityAga karatA hai, mana, vacana aura kAyA se na svayaM maithuna kA sevana karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, na maithuna-sevana karane vAloM kA anumodana karatA hai| 344 dIghanikAya, poTThapAda, pR. 75 343 visuddhimagga, prathama bhAga, pR. 195 346 AcArAMganiyukti, gAthA-11 347 vahI, gAthA 30 348 vhI, gAthA 30 kI vRtti 349 vhI, gAthA 28 ka) dazavaikAlikasUtra - 4/4 kha) AcArAMga zrutaskaMdha - 2,15 351 ka) dazavaikAlikasUtra-4/4 kha) samavAyAMgasUtra - 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 201 AcArya akalaMka52 ne apanA svatantra cintana prastuta karate hue kahA hai- vyakti ke dvArA svayaM ke kAmAMga Adi kA saMsparza bhI abrahma-sevana yA maithuna hI hai, kyoMki usa saMsparza se bhI kAmarUpI pizAca se citta-vikalana prArambha ho jAtA hai, ataH hasta-karma Adi bhI maithuna kahalAtA hai| yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki puruSa-puruSa yA strI-strI ke bIca jo aniSTa ceSTAe~ haiM, ve bhI abrahma haiN| sAdhaka ke lie usa abrahmacarya se chuTakArA pAnA Avazyaka hai| brahmacarya-dharma dhruva hai, nitya hai, zAzvata hai, jinadezita hai| pahale bhI prastuta dharma kA pAlana kara aneka jIva siddha hue haiM, abhI hote haiM aura Age bhI hoNge| 353 anya vrata ke paripAlana hetu, jJAnavRddhi ke lie, kaSAya para vijaya pAne hetu, svachaMda vRtti kI nivRtti ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki zramaNa guru-caraNoM meM rhe| isa uddezya se gurukulavAsa ko bhI brahmacarya kahA hai|354 brahmacaryANuvrata svadArasantoSa-vrata]355 - jaina-sAdhanA meM jahA~ zramaNa sAdhaka pUrNa brahmacarya kA vrata lekara strI-puruSa sambandhI kAma-kriyA se pUrNatayA virata ho jAtA hai, vahA~ gahastha ke lie kama-se-kama itanA to Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai ki yadi vaha apanI bhogalipsA kA pUrI taraha tyAga na kara sake, to use svapatnI taka sImita rakhe evaM sambhoga kI maryAdA kare, arthAt use sImita kre| svapatnI-santoSavrata kA pratijJAsUtra upAsakadazAMga meM isa prakAra hai - "maiM svapatnIsantoSavrata grahaNa karatA hU~, (.........) nAmaka patnI ke atirikta avaziSTa maithuna kA tyAga karatA huuN|" isa vrata kI pratijJA se spaSTa hI hai ki yaha anya aNuvratoM kI apekSA viziSTa hai| jahA~ una vratoM kI pratijJA meM karaNa aura yoga kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ isa vrata kI pratijJA meM Agama meM unakA ullekha nahIM hai| TIkAkAra kI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki gRhastha-jIvana meM santAna Adi kA vivAha karAnA Avazyaka hotA hai| 352 tattvArthavArtika 353 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 16/17 354 ka tattvArthasatra-9/6, bhASya 10 kha) svatantra vRttinivRttyartho vA gurUkulavAso brahmacaryam - sarvArthasiddhi - 9/6 355 yogazAstra-2/76 For Personal & Private Use Only

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202 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isI prakAra, pazu-pAlana karane vAle gRhastha ke lie unakA bhI paraspara sambandha karAnA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai, ataH isameM do karaNa aura tIna yoga na kahakara zrAvaka ko apanI paristhiti evaM sAmarthya para chor3a diyA gayA hai| phira bhI, itanA to nizcita hI hai ki gRhastha-sAdhaka ko eka karaNa aura eka yoga se, arthAt apanI kAyA se svapatnI ke atirikta zeSa maithuna kA parityAga karanA hotA hai| svapatnIsantoSavratI ko nimna pAMca doSoM se bacane kA vidhAna hai 1. itvaraparigRhItAgamana - itvarapari gRhItAgamana, arthAt alpa samaya ke lie saMbhoga ke lie patnI ke rUpa meM gRhIta strI se samAgama karanA, yA vAgdattA (alpavayaska patnI) ke sAtha samAgama krnaa| isa prakAra, gRhastha ke lie saMbhoga hetu alpakAla ke lie parigRhIta vAgdattA aura alpavayaskA patnI ke sAtha maithuna karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 2. aparigRhItAgamana - aparigRhItA, arthAt vaha strI jisa para kisI kA adhikAra nahIM hai, arthAt veshyaa| vezyA ke sAtha samAgama karanA -yaha aparigRhItAgamana hai| kucha AcArya aparigRhIta kA artha karate haiM -kisI ke dvArA grahaNa nahIM kI gaI, arthAt kumArI yA sva ke dvArA aparigRhIta para-strI ko bhI aparigRhIta mAnA gayA hai, ataH vezyA, kumArI athavA para-strI se kAma-sambandha rakhanA vratI gRhastha ke lie niSiddha hai| 3. anaMgakrIr3A - maithuna ke svAbhAvika aMgoM se kAma-vAsanA kI pUrti na karake aprAkRtika aMgoM, jaise- hasta, mukha, gudAdi Adi se vAsanA kI pUrti karanA, athavA samaliMgI se maithuna karanA, yA pazuoM ke sAtha maithuna karanA aadi| gRhastha-sAdhaka ko vAsanApUrti ke aise aprAkRtika kRtyoM se bacanA caahie| 356 1) upAsakadazAMga- 1/44 2) jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 281 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 203 4. paravivAhakaraNa - gRhastha-jIvana meM vyakti ko apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ke vivAha-saMskAra karane hote haiM, lekina yadi gRhastha-sAdhaka svasaMtAna evaM parijanoM ke atirikta anya vyaktiyoM ke vivAha-sambandha yA nAte-rizte karavAne kI pravRtti meM ruci letA rahe, to vaha kArya usakI bhogAbhiruci ko prakaTa karegA aura mana kI nirAkulatA meM bAdhaka hogA, ataH gRhastha-sAdhaka ke lie svasaMtAna evaM parijanoM ke atirikta anya vyaktiyoM ke vivAha-sambandha karAne kA niSedha hai, kintu DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne isakA bhinna artha kiyA hai| ve para-vivAha kA artha dUsarA vivAha karanA yA vratagrahaNa ke bAda anya vivAha karanA karate haiN| 5. kAmabhoga-tIvrAbhilASA - kAmavAsanA ke sevana kI tIvra icchA rakhanA, athavA kAmavAsanA ke uttejana ke lie kAmavarddhaka auSadhiyoM va mAdaka dravyoM kA sevana karanA bhI jaina-gRhastha ke lie niSiddha hai, kyoMki tIvra kAmAsakti aura tajjanita mAnasika-AkulatA viveka ko bhraSTa kara sAdhaka ko sAdhanA-patha se cyuta kara detI hai| isa prakAra, brahmacaryANuvrata kA pAlana zrAvaka-zrAvikA ko avazya karanA caahie| isa prakAra hI kama karate-karate eka samaya sampUrNa vAsanAoM kA kSaya bhI kara sakate haiN| abrahmacarya aura hiMsA - jainadarzana ke anusAra, eka bAra saMbhoga karane se jaghanyataH eka, do yA tIna aura utkarSataH nau lAkha jIva utpanna hote haiN| 357 jayAcArya ke anusAra, ye nau lAkha saMjJI (samanaska) jIva hote haiN| saMbhoga ke samaya jo asaMjJI (amanaska) jIva paidA hote haiM, unakI saMkhyA to isase kahIM adhika hai| isa bAta ko spaSTa karane ke lie bhASyakAra ne kahA hai - machalI ke sAtha-sAtha nau lAkha bacce utpanna ho sakate haiM, usI prakAra strI-puruSa kI 357 ka) pravacanasA ka) pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra- 246/1364 kha) goyamA! jahaNNeNaM ekko vA do vA tINi vaa| ukkoseNaM sayasahassapuhataM jIvA NaM puttattAe hvvmaagcchti|| - bhagavaI-5/88 For Personal & Private Use Only

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204 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva yoni meM eka sAtha nau lAkha jIva utpanna ho sakate haiM, kintu unameM se paripakva avasthA ko prApta karane vAle kama hI hote haiM,358 ataH zeSa sabhI jIvANu samApta ho jAte haiM, arthAt mRtyu ko prApta ho jAte haiN| isa taraha, abrahmacarya ke dvArA bahuta bar3I hiMsA hotI hai| zrI hemacandrAcAryaracita yogazAstra meM kahA hai - 'yonirUpI yaMtra meM aneka sUkSmatara jantu utpanna hote haiN| maithuna-sevana karane se ve jantu mara jAte haiM, isalie maithuna-sevana kA tyAga karanA caahie| isa taraha, abrahmacarya ke dvArA bahuta bar3I hiMsA hotI hai| saMbhavataH, isI dRSTi se brahmacarya kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue eka AcArya ne kalpanA kI hai ki tarAjU ke eka palar3e meM cAroM veda rakhe jAeM aura dUsare palar3e meM brahmacarya vrata rakhA jAe, to brahmacarya kA palar3A bhArI ho jAtA hai|360 abrahma-sevana meM hiMsA to mukhya rUpa se hotI hI hai, kintu anya pApa bhI hote haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM ki ahiMsA Adi guNa jisake pAlana se surakSita rahate haiM, yA bar3hate haiM, vaha brahma hai aura jisake hone se ahiMsA Adi guNa surakSita nahIM rahate, vaha abrahma hai| abrahma ke sevana se prANI cara aura acara -sabhI kI hiMsA karatA hai| vaha jhUTha bolatA hai, vaha binA dI huI vastu bhI grahaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra, brahmacarya ke vrata-bhaMga hone para anya sabhI vrata bhaMga ho jAte haiN| jaise parvata se girane para vastu ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e ho jAte haiM, vaisI hI sthiti vratoM kI hotI hai|362 mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI kahA hai 363 -"pA~ca mukhya vrata merI AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA ke pA~ca stambha haiN| brahmacarya unameM se eka hai| pA~coM avibhakta aura sambaddha haiN| ve eka- dUsare se sambandhita aura eka-dUsare para AdhArita haiN| yadi unameM se eka kA bhaMga hotA hai, to sabakA bhaMga ho jAtA hai|" 358 bhagavaI, vR.- 2/87 359 yoniyaMtrasamutpannA susUkSmA janturAzayaH / ___ pIDayamAna vipadyante yatra tanmaithunaM tyajet / / - yogazAstra - 2/79 ekatazcaturo vedA brahmacarya ca ekataH - aNu se pUrNa kI yAtrA, pR. 331 tattvArtharAjavArttika - 9, 6-23 praznavyAkaraNasUtra - 2/4 mahAtmA gAMdhI - di lAsTa phesa, pR. 585 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kAmavAsanA kA damana aura nirasanabrahmacarya kI nau vAr3oM (surakSA cakra) ke mAdhyama se - brahmacarya kI sAdhanA vAsanAoM ke nirasana kI sAdhanA hai / mAnava ekAnta - zAnta sthAna para baiThakara ugra- -se-ugra tapa kI sAdhanA kara sakatA hai, para jisa samaya usake arntamAnasa meM vAsanA kA bhayaMkara tUphAna uThatA hai, usa samaya vaha apane-Apako niyaMtrita nahIM rakha pAtA, ataH kAmavAsanAoM ke nirasana aura brahmacarya kI surakSA ke lie satata jAgarUkatA apekSita hai| sAdhaka ko kAmavAsanAoM ke nirasana ke lie apanA jIvana pUrNa sAdagImaya banAnA hotA hai| kAmottejaka mohapUrNa vAtAvaraNa se apane-Apako mukta karanA hotA hai, ataH AcArAMgasUtra praznavyAkaraNasUtra AcArAMgacUrNi AvazyakacUrNi tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM, sarvArthasiddhi 369 evaM rAjavArttika 370 meM brahmacarya kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha hai / yadyapi ina sabameM krama meM yA nAmoM meM kucha antara hai, parantu bhAva sabhI kA samAna hai| 364 366 367 samavAyAMga 365 1 AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra pA~ca bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra haiM , 364 AcArAMgasUtra - 2, 786-787 365 samavAyAMga, sama. 25 366 praznavyAkaraNasUtra 367 AcArAMgacUrNi, mUla pATha TippaNa, pR. 280 368 AvazyakacUrNi, pratikramaNa adhyayana, pR. 143-147 369 tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi- 7-7 370 tattvArtharAjavArttika 7-7, pR. 536 205 - 1. nirgratha zramaNa punaH - punaH striyoM kI kAmajanaka kathA na kare, kyoMki unakI kathA karane se saccAritra aura brahmacarya kA bhaMga tathA kevalI - prarUpita dharma se bhraSTa hone kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| 2. striyoM ke manohara aura manorama aMgoM kA kAmarAgapUrvaka sAmAnya yA vizeSa rUpa se avalokana na kare, usase bhI brahmacarya kA bhaMga hotA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only 368 3. nirgratha zramaNa striyoM ke sAtha kI huI pUrvarati yA pUrvakrIr3A kA smaraNa na kare / ,

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 4. atimAtrA meM AhAra- pAnI kA sevana yA sarasa snigdha bhojana kA upayoga nahIM karanA cAhie / 206 5. nirgratha muni ko strI, pazu yA napuMsaka se yukta zayyA yA AsanAdi kA sevana nahIM karanA cAhie / samavAyAMgasUtra meM varNita pA~ca bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra haiM 1. strI - puruSa - napuMsaka saMsakta zayyA aura Asana kA varjana kare / 2. strIkathA vidharjana kare / 3. striyoM kI indriyoM kA avalokana na kare / 4. pUrvakrIr3ita krIr3AoM kA smaraNa na kare / 5. praNIta (snigdha - sarasa) AhAra nahIM kare / praznavyAkaraNasUtra ke anusAra 1. viviktazayanAsana / 2. strIkathA kA parityAga / 3. striyoM ke rUpAdi ko dekhane kA parivarjana / 4. pUrvakAla meM bhukta bhogoM ke smaraNa se virati / 5. sarasa balavarddhaka Adi AhAra kA tyAga / AcArAMgacUrNi ke anusAra - 1. nirgratha praNIta bhojana tathA atimAtrA meM AhAra na kare / 2. nirgratha zarIra kI vibhUSA karane vAlA na ho / 3. nirgratha striyoM ke manohara aura manorama aMgoM ko nahIM dekhe / -- - 4. nirgratha strI, pazu aura napuMsaka se saMsakta zayyA aura Asana kA sevana na kare / 5. striyoM kI (kAmabhogajanaka) kathA na kre| AvazyakacUrNi ke anusAra - 1. AhAra para saMyama rkhe| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 2. vibhUSA ko varjana kre| 3. striyoM kI ora na dekhe / 4. striyoM kA saMstava / paricaya na kare / 5. kSudra (kAma) kathA na kare / tattvArthasUtra meM pA~ca bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra varNita haiM 1. striyoM ke prati rAgotpAdaka kathA - zravaNa kA tyAga kare / 2. striyoM ke manohara aMgoM ko dekhane kA tyAga kare / - 3. pUrvabhukta bhogoM ke smaraNa kA tyAga kare / 4. gariSTha aura iSTa rasa kA tyAga kare / 5. zarIra - saMskAra kA tyAga kare / sarvArthasiddhi tathA rAjavArttika meM bhI bhAvanAoM kA yahI krama diyA gayA hai / bhAvanAoM meM, brahmacarya meM sahAyaka tattvoM kA cintana aura manana kareM- aisA upadeza diyA gayA hai aura sAtha hI, vrata ke bAdhaka tattvoM se bacane kA saMketa bhI hai| vratI kI surakSA ke lie vidheyAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka donoM prakAra ke upAya Avazyaka haiN| jahA~ kahIM bhI jina kAraNoM se brahmacarya meM dUSaNa lagane aura skhalana hone kI sambhAvanA hai, una-una kAraNoM kA varjana ina bhAvanAoM meM kiyA gayA hai| 1. asaMsakta - vasati - bhAvanA bhAvanA kA Azaya yaha hai ki brahmacArI ko aise sthAna meM nahIM rahanA yA ThaharanA cAhie, jahA~ striyA~ uThatI - baiThatI hoM yA bAteM karatI hoM, zrRMgAra karatI huI dikhAIM detI hoM, sannikaTa vezyAlaya ho| aise sthAna para rahane se sahaja hI vikAra - bhAvanAe~ udbuddha ho sakatI haiM, citta caMcala ho sakatA hai| zramaNa ko to varjita hai hI, para brahmacArI ko bhI vahA~ nahIM rahanA caahie| jaise murgI ke bacce ko billI kA bhaya banA rahatA hai, vaise hI - 207 For Personal & Private Use Only

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208 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva brahmacArI ko strI kA bhaya banA rahatA hai,371 isalie kAmavAsanA ko jAgrata karane vAle sthAnoM kA sAdhaka pUrNa rUpa se tyAga karane kA prayAsa kre| 2. strIkathA-virati-bhAvanA - jisa prakAra strI-saMsakta AvAsa sAdhaka ke lie vAsanAjanya hai, usI prakAra strI-kathA kA kathana bhI vAsanAjanya hai| jaise strIdarzana kAmavAsanAoM ko jAgrata karatA hai, usI taraha strI kA kIrtana aura cintana bhii| kAmavAsanAoM ke zamana ke lie zramaNa aura sAdhaka ko apanA samaya Agama ke cintana-manana va Atmacintana meM vyatIta karanA caahie| vaha carcA bhI kare, to tyAga-vairAgya kI hI kre| sAdhaka ko striyoM sambandhI kAmuka ceSTAoM kA, unake hAsa-vilAsa Adi kA tathA strI ke rUpa saundarya, vezabhUSA Adi kA varNana karane se bacanA cAhie, kyoMki isa prakAra kI kathanI bhI mohajanaka hotI hai| dUsarA koI isa prakAra kI bAteM karatA ho, to unheM sunanA bhI nahIM cAhie aura na hI aise viSayoM kA mana meM cintana karanA caahie| sadA apane antarmAnasa ko pavitra vicAroM meM lagAnA cAhie, tAki saMyama meM sudRr3hatA rhe| 3. strI-rUpa-nirIkSaNa-virati-bhAvanA - strIkathA ke sAtha hI usakA rUpa bhI sAdhaka ke lie ghAtaka hai| sundaratama rUpa prApta honA -yaha puNya kA phala hai, parantu usake prati Asakti burI hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka ke teja prakAza ko dekhakara pataMgA dIvAnA banakara apane-Apako usameM bhasma kara detA hai, vaise hI sundara rUpa ko dekhakara mana bhI vicalita ho uThatA hai| jaise sUrya ke bimba para dRSTi par3ate hI use haTA liyA jAtA hai, use TakaTakI lagAkara nahIM dekhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra nArI para dRSTipAta ho jAe, to tatkSaNa hI use haTA lenA caahie| dazAzrutaskandha meM varNana hai - celanA ke udbhUta rUpa ko dekhakara kaI zramaNoM ke mana vicalita ho gae the, taba bhagavAn ne unheM udbodhana diyA ki prAyazcitta grahaNa karo, zuddhikaraNa kro| 17 jahA kukkaDapoyassa, niccaM kulalao bhyN| ___ evaM khu baMbhayArissa itthI viggahao bhayaM / / 372 vahI - 8/54 373 dazAzrutaskandha - 10 - dazavaikAlika sUtra- 8/54 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 209 4. pUrvakrIr3ita-rati-virati-bhAvanA - isa bhAvanA meM pUrvakAla meM, arthAt gRhasthAvasthA meM bhoge hue bhogoM ke cintana ke varjana kI preraNA kI gaI hai| bahuta se sAdhaka aise hote haiM, jo gRhasthadazA meM dAmpatya jIvana yApana karane ke pazcAt munivrata aMgIkAra karate haiN| unake mastiSka meM gRhastha-jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke saMskAra yA smaraNa saMcita hote haiN| ve saMskAra nimitta pAkara ubhara uTheM, to citta ko vibhrAnta kara dete haiM, citta ko vikRta banA dete haiN| kabhI-kabhI muni apane kalpanA-loka meM usI pUrvAvasthA meM pahuMcA huA anubhava karane lagatA hai| vaha apanI vartamAna sthiti ko kucha samaya ke lie bhUla jAtA hai| yaha sthiti usake tapa, saMyama evaM brahmacarya kA vighAta karane vAlI hotI hai, isalie brahmacArI puruSa ko aise prasaMgoM se nirantara bacanA cAhie, jinase kAma-vAsanA ko jAgrata hone kA avasara mile| gItA meM bhI kahA hai -'viSayoM kA cintana va smaraNa karane se puruSa una viSayoM ke prati Asakta ho jAtA hai| 5. praNIta AhAra-virati-samiti-bhAvanA - brahmacarya kI sAdhanA evaM kAmavAsanAoM ke nirasana ke lie bAhya-pariveza kA jitanA gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai, utanA hI AhAra kA bhI hai| AhAra kA sIdhA asara mana para hotA hai| yadi masAledAra caTapaTA bhojana kiyA jAe, to mana caMcala hogA, isalie zarIra vizeSajJoM kA mata hai ki sAtvika bhojana se mana meM vizuddhatA banI rahatI hai| 'AhAra zuddhau sattvazuddhi' - AhAra zuddha hone se sattva bhI zuddha hotA hai| praNIta AhAra, arthAt adhika gariSTha AhAra aura adhika mAtrA meM AhAra brahmacarya kI sAdhanA se vicalita karatA hai| sAdhaka ko na to ati snigdha AhAra karanA cAhie, na adhika mAtrA meM AhAra karanA caahie| praNIta AhAra se zarIra meM rasa, rakta uttejita ho jAte haiM aura usase vikAra bar3hate haiN| praNIta AhAra se dhAtu kupita hone se mana caMcala ho jAtA hai aura gariSTha bhojana se Alasya aura pramAda AtA hai tathA mana kI kutsita vRttiyA~ jAgrata hotI haiM, isalie sAdhaka ke lie vAsanAoM ke prazama ke lie praNIta bhojana kA niSedha hai| kahA gayA hai - jo AvazyakatA se 374 'dhyAyate viSayAn puMsaH saMthasteSUpajAyate'- gItA - 2/62 For Personal & Private Use Only

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210 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adhika bhojana nahIM karatA hai, vahI brahmacarya kA sAdhaka saccA nirgrantha hai|75 brahmacarya kI ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM ke satata cintana va manana se mana brahmacarya meM sthira hotA hai, susaMskAra sudRr3ha hote haiM aura sAdhaka brahmacarya ko dUSita karane vAle ghaTakoM se bacatA hai| jisa prakAra anAja utpanna karane vAle kheta kI surakSA ke lie kA~ToM kI bAr3a lagAI jAtI hai, Ama ke phala se lade vRkSoM kI surakSA ke lie tAroM kI bAr3a banAI jAtI hai, usI prakAra brahmacarya-vrata kI surakSA ke lie zAstra meM nau bAr3oM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jo nimna haiM - sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra - 1. vivikta zayanAsana - brahmacArI aise sthAna para zayana-Asana kare, jo strI, pazu, napuMsaka se saMsakta na ho| 2. strI-kathA-parihAra - striyoM kI saundarya-vArtA, kathA-vArtA Adi kI carcA na kre| 3. niSadyAnupavezana - strI ke sAtha ekAsana para na baitthe| usake uTha jAne para bhI eka muhUrta taka usa Asana para na baitthe| 4. strI-aMgopAMga-adarzana - striyoM ke manohara aMga-upAMga na dekhe, yadi kadAcit usa para dRSTi calI jAe, to punaH haTA le, phira usakA dhyAna na kare / 5. kuDyAntara zabda zravaNAdivarjana - dIvAra Adi kI Ar3a se striyoM ke zabda, gIta Adi na sune| 6. pUrvamoga smaraNa-varjana - pahale bhoge hue bhogoM kA smaraNa na kre| 7. praNIta bhojana tyAga - vikArotpAdaka gariSTha bhojana na kre| 8. atimAtrA bhojana-tyAga - rUkhA-sUkhA bhojana bhI adhika mAtrA meM na kiyA jaae| 9. vibhUSAvivarjana - zarIra kI sajAvaTa na kre| 375 nAimattpANAbhoyaNAbhoI se niggathe - AcArAMgasUtra - 2/3/15/14 376 sthAnAMgasUtra - 9/4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 211 - brahmacarya kI surakSA ke lie veda, upaniSad aura bauddha-sAhitya meM kucha niyama aura upaniyamoM kA ullekha avazya huA hai, udAharaNArthasmaraNa, krIr3A, avalokana Adi kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai,37 parantu jisa taraha se jaina-sAhitya meM isakA kramabaddha ullekha prApta hotA hai, vaisA varNana anyatra kahIM nahIM milatA hai| yaha eka jvalanta satya hai ki kAma para vijaya prApta karanA sarala nahIM hai| usake lie nizIthacUrNi meM eka manovaijJAnika rUpaka prastuta kiyA hai- eka bAlA, jo sAre dina niThallI baiThI rahatI thI aura apane rUpa ko sajAtI-saMvAratI rahatI thI, use tIvra vAsanAeM satAne lagI, taba samajhadAra vRddhA ne usako sampUrNa ghara kA bhAra sauMpa diyA, jisase vaha usa kAma meM itanI tallIna ho gaI ki kAmavAsanA ko bhUla gii| vaha rAtri meM itanI thakI rahatI thI ki leTate hI use gaharI nIMda A jAtI thii| vaise hI, zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko bhI dina-rAta svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM lage rahanA cAhie, jisase kAma-vAsanAeM ubuddha hI na hoN| kAma-vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta karane kA yaha saralatama upAya hai|78 vastutaH, brahmacarya kAmavAsanA ke nirasana ke lie merudaNDa ke samAna hai, isake abhAva meM sAdhaka AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA, isalie zramaNoM ke lie naiSThika-brahmacarya-mahAvrata ke pAlana karane aura zramaNopAsaka (gRhasthoM) ke lie svadArasaMtoSa-aNuvrata kA pAlana karane ko kahA gayA hai, ataH donoM ke AdhyAtmika- vikAsa ke lie brahmacarya kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hI nahIM anivArya hai| vAsanA-jaya kI prakriyA aura brahmacarya kI sAdhanA 'satyaM-ziva-sundaram'- ye jIvana ke tIna Adarza haiN| jIvana kevala satya hI nahIM, usameM sundaratA bhI cAhie aura zivatva taka pahuMcane ke lie sAdhanA bhii| prastuta saMdarbha meM satya se tAtparya saMsAra hai| zivam kA artha brahmacarya kI sAdhanA aura sundaram kA artha Adarza jIvana (vAsanAjaya kI prakriyA) se hai| jisa jIvana meM satyam, zivam, sundaram -ye tIna Adarza nahIM, vaha jIvana vAstavika jIvana nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki anAdikAla se yaha jIva apanI mUlapravRttiyoM ke kAraNa eka bhava se dUsare bhava, eka yoni se dUsarI yoni aura eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra ko prApta kara rahA hai| 377 dakSasmRti - 7/32 378 nizIthabhASya cUrNi, gAthA-574 For Personal & Private Use Only

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212 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isakA mUla kAraNa usameM rahI huI icchA, tRSNA aura vAsanA hai| vAsanAoM ke mAdhyama se jIva karma ko karatA jAtA hai aura isa kAraNa saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA krama lagAtAra calatA jAtA hai| kAra kitanI bhI acchI ho, para usameM breka sahI na hoM, to vaha kAra kabhI bhI durghaTanAgrasta ho sakatI hai| ThIka usI prakAra, jaba taka vAsanAoM para aMkuza na lagAyA jAe, to jIva zivatva ko prApta nahIM ho sakatA, isalie AtmA se paramAtmA banane ke lie, insAna se Izvara banane ke lie tathA jana se jina banane ke lie brahmacarya kI sAdhanA batAI gaI hai| isa sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se hI sAdhaka zika- bana sakatA hai| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA vAsanA-vijaya kI sAdhanA hai| mAnava ekAnta- zAnta sthAna para baiThakara ugra-se-ugra tapa kI sAdhanA kara sakatA hai, anya kaThina vratoM kI ArAdhanA kara sakatA hai; para jisa samaya usake antarmAnasa meM vAsanA kA bhayaMkara tUphAna uThatA hai, usa samaya vaha apane Apako niyaMtrita nahIM rakha paataa| 'kAmavAsanA kI lAlasA hI lAlasA meM prANI eka dina, unheM binA bhoge hI durgati meM calA jAtA hai|'379 kAlidAsa bhAratIya saMskRta-sAhitya ke kaviyoM meM apanA mUrddhanya sthAna rakhate haiN| kumArasambhava 380 unakI eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| usameM unhoMne mahAdeva ke ugra tapa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| usa tapa ke varNana ko par3hakara pAThaka Azcaryacakita ho jAte haiM, para vahI mahAdeva jaba pArvatI ke apUrva saundarya ko nihArate haiM, to sAdhanA se vicalita ho jAte haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki brahmacarya kI sAdhanA kitanI kaThina aura kaThinatama hai| bhArata ke tattvadarziyoM ne kAmavAsanA para vijaya prApta karane hetu atyadhika bala diyA hai| kAmavAsanA aisI pyAsa hai, jo kabhI bhI bujha nahIM sktii| jyoM-jyoM bhoga kI abhivRddhi hotI hai, tyoM-tyoM vaha jvAlA prajjvalita hotI jAtI hai aura eka dina mAnava kI sampUrNa sukha-zAnti usa jvAlA meM bhasmIbhUta ho jAtI hai| gRhastha-sAdhakoM ke lie kAmavAsanAoM kA pUrNa rUpa se parityAga karanA bahuta hI kaThina hai, kyoMki jo mahAn vIra haiM, madonmatta gajarAja ko parAsta karane meM samartha haiM, siMha ko mArane meM sakSama haiM, ve bhI kAmavAsanAoM para vijaya prApta nahIM kara sakate, isalie aniyantrita kAmavAsanAoM ko niyaMtrita karane ke lie tathA samAja meM 379 kAme patthemANA akAmA jaMti duggiN| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 9/53 kumArasambhava mahAkAvya se 380 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 213 suvyavasthA sthApita karane hetu manISiyoM ne 'vivAha-saMskAra 381 aura svadArasantoSavrata82 kA vidhAna kiyA hai, tAki vaha apanI vidhivat vivAhita patnI meM saMtoSa karake zeSa sabhI parastrI Adi ke sAtha maithuna-vidhi kA parityAga kre| isa prakAra, asIma vAsanAoM ko prastuta vrata ke mAdhyama se sImita kara sakate haiN| yogazAstra meM kahA hai -"samajhadAra gRhasthaupAsaka paraloka meM napuMsakatA aura ihaloka meM rAjA yA sarakAra Adi dvArA indriyacchedana vagairaha abrahmacarya ke kar3ave phala ko dekhakara yA zAstrAdi dvArA jAnakara parastriyoM kA tyAga kare aura apanI strI meM saMtoSa rkhe|"383 parastrI se tAtparya apanI patnI ke atirikta anya sabhI striyoM se hai| cAhe thor3e samaya ke lie kisI ko rakhA jAe, upapatnI ke rUpa meM, kisI kI parityaktA, vyabhicAriNI, vezyA, dAsI, kisI kI patnI athavA kanyA - ye sabhI parastriyA~ haiN| unake sAtha upabhoga karanA athavA vAsanA kI dRSTi se dekhanA, krIr3A karanA, premapatra likhanA, vibhinna prakAra ke upahAra denA, unheM prApta karane kA prayAsa karanA, unakI icchA ke viparIta kAmakrIr3A karanA vrata ke viruddha hai aura icchA se karanA parastrIsevana hai| vAlmikI RSi ne likhA hai - parastrI se anucita sambandha rakhane jaisA koI pApa nahIM hai| kavikala guru kAlidAsa ne parastrIsevana ko anAryoM kA kArya kahA hai| AcArya manu ne kahA hai - isa vizva meM puruSa ke AyuSa-bala ko kSINa karane vAlA parastrI-sevana jaisA anya koI nikRSTa kArya nahIM hai| bAIbila meM bhI kahA hai - jo vyakti parastrI ke sAtha vyabhicAra karatA hai, vaha vivekazUnya hai aura svayaM apanI AtmA kA hanana karatA hai| 'olDa TesTamenTa meM kahA hai - "parAI strI kI sundaratA dekhakara 381 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-caudahavAM, nirNayasAgara mudraNAlaya baoNmbe prathama saMska. ___1922, pR. 31 382 sadArasaMtosie avasesaM savvaM mehuNavihiM pcckkhaai| - upAsakadazAMgasUtra- 1/44 383 SaSThatvamindriyacchedaM, vIkSyAbrahmaphalaM sudhIH, bhavet svadAra saMtuSTo'nyadArAn vA vivrjyet| - yogazAstra - 2/76 paradArAbhimarzAtu nAnyata pApataraM mht| - vAlmIki rAmAyaNa-338/30 589 anAryaH paradAra vyavahAraH / - abhijJAna zAkuntalam 386 nahIdRzamanAyuSyaM loke kiMcit dRshyte| yAdRzaM purUSasyeha paravasepasevanam / / - manusmRti-4/134 384 For Personal & Private Use Only

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214 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva usakI abhilASA mata kara, kahIM aisA nahIM ho ki vaha tumheM apane kaTAkSoM meM phaMsA le|" gAMdhIvAda kI dRSTi meM svapatnIsantoSa bhI brahmacarya hI hai, kyoMki vivAha aura gRhasthAzrama kAmavAsanA ko sImita karane kA prayAsa hai| vivAha kA uddezya kevala viSaya-vAsanAoM kA sevana hI nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki patnI ko bhoga-patnI na kahakara dharmapatnI kahA gayA hai| vivAha dvArA vyakti apanI icchAoM ko niyantrita karatA hai aura svayaM ko dharma-mArga meM utprerita karatA hai, lekina isase bhI Age bar3hakara jainadarzana ke samAna gAMdhIvAda bhI gRhastha-jIvana meM pUrNa brahmacarya ke pAlana kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karatA hai aura usa para jora bhI detA hai| gAMdhIjI kA jIvana svayaM isakA pratyakSa udAharaNa hai| isa prakAra, gAMdhIvAda aura jainadarzana mAnate haiM ki strI ko bhI brahmacarya-pAlana kA puruSa ke samAna hI adhikAra prApta hai| gAMdhIjI kI dRSTi meM brahmacarya mana, vacana aura kAyA se sabhI indriyoM kA saMyama hai| gAMdhIvAdI brahmacarya ko mAtra strI-puruSa sambandha taka sImita nahIM mAnate, varan use adhika vyApaka banAte haiN| , 1. jIvana kI AdhArazilA : brahmacarya manuSya kA yaha mahAn jIvana brahmacarya kI AdhArazilA para vyavasthita rUpa se TikA huA hai, kyoMki caritra kA mUla brahmacarya hai| manuSya ke pAsa vidvattA ho, vaktRtva ho, lekina cAritra meM vaha khoTavAlA ho, to usakA jIvana saphala nahIM ho sakatA, na hI vaha sukhI aura zAnti se sampanna raha sakatA hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika harbarTa spensara 38 ke zabdoM meM- "Not education, but character is man's greatest need and man's greatest safe-guard". arthAt kevala zikSaNa hI nahIM, manuSya kA cAritra hI usakI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA hai aura jIvana kA sabase bar3A surakSaka hai, isalie cAritra ko surakSita rakhane ke lie brahmacarya-pAlana aura usakI sAdhanA atiAvazyaka hai| brahmacarya se zarIra aura mana-donoM hI sazakta banate haiN| jIvana bhI nirbhaya, sukhI, zAntimaya evaM zakti-sampanna banatA hai| vicAroM meM evaM AcaraNa meM bala bhI brahmacarya kI sAdhanA se hI AtA hai| dharmapAlana meM udyama, sAhasa, zaurya, utsAha, bala, dhairya, sahiSNutA, kSamatA Adi jina 387 gAMdhIvANI, pR. 75 388 devendra bhAratI, mAsika patrikA, 10 maI 2010, pR. 11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 215 uttamottama guNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ve saba brahmacarya se prApta hote haiN| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA kA sAdhaka yadi gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karegA, to vahAM bhI apanI jIvana-yAtrA saphalatApUrvaka sampanna kara sakegA aura yadi vaha sAdhu-jIvana aMgIkAra karegA, taba bhI apanI jIvana-yAtrA zreSTha rIti se svapara-kalyANa-sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se pAra kregaa| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA se zarIra para udbhUta prabhAva par3atA hai| AcArya hemacandrajI ne yogazAstra389 meM zArIrika-zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA mUla srota brahmacarya ko batAte hue kahA hai cirAyuSaH, susaMsthAnAM, dRr3hasaMhananA narAH / tejasvino mahAvIryA bhaveyurbrahmayarcataH / / brahmacarya kI sAdhanA se manuSya cirAyu hote haiM, unake zarIra kA saMsthAna sundara-suDaula ho jAtA hai, unakA zArIrika saMhanana majabUta ho jAtA hai, ve tejasvI aura mahAzaktizAlI hote haiN| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA hamAre Arogya-maMdira kA AdhAra-stambha hai| AdhAra stambha ke TUTane se jisa prakAra sArA bhavana Dhaha jAtA hai, vaise hI brahmacarya ke naSTa hone para sampUrNa zarIra va sAdhanA kA drutagati se nAza ho jAtA hai| brahmacarya hI hamArI sampUrNa vidyA, vaibhava, saubhAgya kA Adi kAraNa hai| vAsanAjaya kI prakriyA hamArI zreSThatA, sampUrNa unnati aura svatantratA kA bIjamaMtra hai| 2. brahmacarya kI sAdhanA se jIvana meM pragati . jJAnI gItArtha puruSa ke vacanoM ke mAdhyama se kaha sakate haiM ki brahmacarya kI sAdhanA hI jIvana meM pragati lAtI hai| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ke binA yoga, dhyAna, mauna, jApa, tapa Adi sAdhanAeM nahIM ho sktii| yogasAdhanA meM vAsanA, kAmanA, Asakti aura tRSNA Adi bAdhaka tattva haiN| ina kSudra vRttiyoM ko apanAkara koI bhI vyakti yoga-sAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA, isalie jo vyakti yoga kI sAdhanA karanA cAhatA hai tathA usake dvArA apane dhyeya ko prApta karane kA icchuka hai, usake lie sarvaprathama brahmacaryasAdhanA Avazyaka hai, isalie yama-niyama Adi ATha aMgoM meM se pAMcoM yamoM yogazAstra - 2/105 For Personal & Private Use Only

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216 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva meM brahmacarya ko bhI eka yama mAnA hai|390 bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne AcAra-yoga meM brahmacarya ko sAdhu ke lie mahAvrata ke rUpa meM aura gRhastha ke lie aNuvrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA kisI bhI vrata yA niyama ke pAlana ke lie japa-tapa-dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke lie mana kI pavitratA Avazyaka hai aura mana kI pavitratA brahmacarya se AtI hai| manuSya kA mana pavitra nahIM hogA, to idhara-udhara kI vAsanA kI galiyoM meM bhaTakatA rahegA tathA vividha vAsanAoM evaM indriyoM ke viSayoM ke AkarSaNa meM ghUmate rahane ke kAraNa ekAgratA samApta ho jAegI, usakA mana vizrRMkhalita ho jaaegaa| vizrRMkhalita mana kisI bhI sAdhanA ko ThIka DhaMga se nahIM karane degA, isalie zuddha sAdhanA kA siMhadvAra brahmacarya hai| brahmacarya ke binA kisI bhI sAdhanA meM pragati nahIM ho sktii| 3. brahmacarya : jIvana amaratva kI sAdhanA hai - mahApuruSoM ne brahmacarya ko jIvana aura kAmavAsanA (abrahma) ko mRtyu kahA hai| brahmacarya amRta hai aura abrahmacarya yA vAsanA para asaMyama viSa hai| brahmacarya anupama sukha-zAnti kA mUlasrota hai, jabaki vAsanA azAnti aura duHkha kA apAra sAgara hai| brahmacarya AtmA kA zuddha prakAza hai, jabaki vAsanA kAlimA hai| brahmacarya uttama tapa, niyama, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, samyaktva evaM vinaya kA mUla hai, jabaki abrahmacarya ajJAna, bhrAnti, azraddhA, avinaya, bhoga aura roga kA mUla hai| kimpAkavRkSa kA phala varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza meM bar3A manohara, madhura aura sugandhita lagatA hai, khAne meM bhI svAdiSTa hotA hai, jisase mana ko bhI saMtoSa milatA hai, magara khAne ke bAda vaha vyakti jI, bhI nahIM sakatA, kucha hI dera meM usakA prANa nikala jAtA hai| isI prakAra, viSayasukha sevana karate samaya bar3A manohara lagatA hai, lekina bAda meM usakA pariNAma bahuta hI bhayaMkara hotA hai, isalie jJAnI puruSoM ne brahmacarya ko amaratva kI sAdhanA ke sadRzya kahA hai| 390 ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH / - pAtaMjalayogasUtra - 2/30 ramyamApAtamAtre, yatpariNAme'tidArUNam / kimyAka phala saMkAzaM, tatkaH seveta maithunam ? - yogazAstra- 2/77 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 4. RSi-muniyoM dvArA brahmacarya kA vidhAna aura Adhunika yuga prAcIna RSi-muniyoM ne brahmacarya kI preraNA usa samaya ke samAja ko isalie dI ki pazuoM meM bhI prAyaH RtukAla ke sivAya anya samaya meM maithuna - kriyA nahIM hotI, kintu manuSya hokara bhI agara brahmacarya maryAdA ko svIkAra na kare, to phira manuSya aura pazu meM antara hI kyA raha jaaegaa| varttamAna yuga meM manuSya kAmavAsanA - sevana meM pazuoM ko bhI mAta kara gayA hai| prAkRtika - maryAdAoM ko ThukarAkara vaha jaba bhI icchA ho, ucchRMkhala rUpa se bhoga - vAsanA meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai, isalie nItikAroM, AyurvedazAstriyoM aura dharma - zAstroM ne aura RSi-muniyoM ne manuSya ke lie apanI vAsanAoM para jaya pAne ke lie brahmacarya kI sAdhanA kA vidhAna kiyA hai| prANImAtra meM mAnava zreSTha hai, kyoMki anya prANI to prAyaH nisarga ke adhIna haiM, jabaki mAnava cAhe, to prakRti ko bhI apane adhIna kara sakatA hai / varttamAna yuga kA mAnava aneka vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ke kAraNa prakRti para vijaya prApta kara rahA hai aura karatA jA rahA hai / varttamAna yuga kI vikRtiyoM aura prabala kAmavAsanA ke vAtAvaraNa ko dekhate hue mAnava ko prakRti kA gulAma na banakara brahmacarya yA sarvendriya-saMyama ke dvArA prakRti para vijaya prApta karanA cAhie / yahA~ rathanemi kA udAharaNa ullekha karane yogya hai| rathanemi 392 giranAra guphA meM dhyAnastha the, kintu varSA se vastra bhIMga jAne ke kAraNa unheM sukhAne ke lie satI rAjImatI bhI anajAne meM usI guphA meM praveza karatI hai aura vastroM ko sukhAne lagatI hai| tabhI, rAjImatI ke aMgopAMga ko dekhakara rathanemi kA mana calAyamAna ho jAtA hai| - rAjImatI se vaha, munidIkSA chor3akara, brahmacarya ko tilAMjali dekara kAmabhoga kI tRpti ke lie prArthanA karatA hai / usa samaya rAjImatI sAdhvI kahatI haiM jina bhogoM ko tuccha samajhakara tumane vamana kara diyA thA, unheM hI punaH aMgIkAra karanA, arthAt abrahma kA sevana karanA cAhate ho, isase to acchA hai ki agandhanasarpa {jo ugale hue viSa ko punaH cUsakara nahIM pItA } kI taraha maraNa ko svIkAra kara lo| yaha zabda sunakara aura abrahmacarya ko adharma kA 392 ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 22/43-44 kha) dazavaikAlikasUtra - 2 / 7-8 217 For Personal & Private Use Only

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218 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva mUla evaM aneka doSoM kA Azrava hone ke kAraNa vaha punaH saMyama meM sthira ho ge| 5. ahiMsA evaM satya ke pAlana ke lie brahmacarya kI sAdhanA Avazyaka - yaha bAta nizcita hai ki vAsanA-jaya kI prakriyA meM, ahiMsA evaM satya ke pAlana meM, brahmacarya prabala sAdhana hai| zAstrIya-bhASA meM kaheM to jisane eka brahmacarya- vrata kI sAdhanA kara lI, usane sabhI uttamottama vratoM kI ArAdhanA kI hai -aisA samajhanA caahie| tAtparya yaha hai ki eka brahmacaryavrata ke bhaMga hone para dUsare prAyaH sabhI vratoM kA bhaMga ho jAtA hai, isalie nipuNa sAdhaka ko ahiMsA, satya Adi vratoM kI samyak sAdhanA ke lie brahmacaryavrata kA sadA AcaraNa karanA cAhie, kyoMki saMsAra ke viSayabhoga kSaNabhara ke lie sukha dete haiM, kintu badale meM cirakAla taka duHkhadAyI hote haiN| 393 mana se, vacana se aura kAyA se ahiMsA kA pUrNa pAlana karanA ho, to binA brahmacarya ke yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| ahiMsA-pAlana kA artha hai- bAhya aura Antarika sNymvRtti| isase dehAsakti kSINa hotI hai, isa kAraNa strI-viSayaka aura puruSa-viSayaka vikAra bhI zAnta ho jAte haiN| saMyama aura tapa ahiMsA bhagavatI ke do caraNa haiN| saMyama aura tapa ke binA ahiMsA kA sucArU rUpa se pAlana duSkara hai| brahmacarya kA artha saMyama kI parAkASThA hai, isalie saMyamavRtti kA hAsa yA dehAsakti honA abrahmacarya hai aura vaha hiMsA bhI hai| vAsanA-jaya kI prakriyA kaise ? ___ anAdikAla ke abhyAsa ke kAraNa pratyeka AtmA meM kAma, krodha, lobha Adi mUlapravRttiyAM kusaMskAra rahe hue haiN| jaba taka AtmA meM se ye kusaMskAra mUla sahita nahIM ukhAr3e jAeMge, taba taka ina kusaMskAroM ke jAgrata hone kI pUrI-pUrI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| jisa prakAra dUdha meM ghI rahatA hai, usI prakAra IMdhana meM agni chupI huI hai, parantu agni kA nimitta pAkara hI IMdhana meM se agni prakaTa hotI hai, peTrola meM bhayaMkara Aga rahI huI hai, lekina jaba taka use cinagArI nahIM mile, taba taka vaha peTrola pAnI kI taraha zItala dikhAI detA hai| mohAdhIna saMsArI AtmA ke bhItara kAma, krodha 393 khaNamittasukkhA bhukaaldukkhaa| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 14/13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva Adi saMskAra to par3e hue haiM aura aisA hI pratIta hotA hai, mAnoM vyakti niSkAma aura akrodhI bana gayA hai, parantu jyoM hI zubha-azubha nimitta milate haiM, ve kusaMskAra turaMta jAgrata ho jAte haiM aura vyakti kAmAtura aura dhAtu bana jAtA hai| manuSya ke bhItara jo prabala 'kAmavAsanA' rahI huI hai, vaha kAmavAsanA bhI nimitta pAkara hI jAgrata hotI hai| yuvAvasthA, ekAMta, kusaMga, vIbhatsa dRzya, azlIla - sAhitya tathA strI-saMga Adi aise prabala nimitta haiM, jo AtmA ke bhItara rahI huI kAmavAsanA ko jAgrata kara dete haiN| eka choTI sI cinagArI kSaNabhara meM ghAsa ke Dhera ko jalAkara khAka kara detI hai / DrAyavara kI eka choTI-sI bhUla aneka jindagiyoM ko kSaNabhara meM naSTa kara detI hai, ThIka isI prakAra, eka choTA-sA azubha nimitta pAkara kAmavAsanA jAgrata ho jAtI hai aura sAdhanA kA patana kara detI hai, jaise saMbhUti muni 300 apane cAritra se patita hue aura naMdiSeNa muni 95 bAraha varSa taka vezyA ke jAla meM phaMse rhe| 394 396 jisa prakAra AhAra-saMjJA ko jItane ke lie tapa - dharma hai, bhayasaMjJA ko jItane ke lie abhaya-dharma hai, parigrahasaMjJA ko jItane ke lie dAna-dharma hai, usI prakAra anAdikAla se AtmA meM rahI kAma-vAsanA ko jItane ke lie brahmacarya dharma kI sAdhanA batAI hai, kyoMki bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai - "jaise kuttA raktahIna asthi ko cabAtA huA rasa ko prApta nahIM karatA, kintu apane hI tAlu se nikale hue rakta ko cUsatA huA sukha mAnatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra, kutte kI taraha kAmI vyakti kA bhI eka bhrama hotA hai ki strIbhoga se use sukha mila rahA hai, vAstava meM dekhA jAe, to vaha bhoga dvArA apanI hI zakti kA vyaya karatA hai| bhartRhari397 ne ThIka hI kahA hai - "AdamI bhoga ko nahIM bhogatA hai, paraMtu bhoga hI usakA bhoga le letA hai / " IMdhana se agni aura jala se sAgara kabhI tRpta nahIM hotA, ThIka isI prakAra, bhoga se AtmA kabhI tRpta nahIM 394 uttarAdhyayana cUrNa 13, 395 upadezamAlA, gAthA 54 396 Na lahadi jaha lehaMto, sukkhallahayamaTThiyaM rasaM suNaho / se saga - lAluga rUhiraM lehaMto maNNae sukkhaM / / mahilAdi bhogasevI, Na lahadi kiMci vi suhaM tathA puriso / so maNNadevarAo, sagakAyaparissamaM sukkhaM / / 397 bhogAH na bhuktAH vayameva bhuktAH / - bhartRhari 219 214 -bhagavatI ArAdhanA- 1255 / 56 For Personal & Private Use Only

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220 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hotI, balki vaha bhUkha aura adhika bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| solaha hajAra striyA~ jisake aMtaHpura meM thI - aisA rAvaNa98 bhI atRpta hI thA, kyoMki vaha bhoga se tRpti pAnA cAhatA thA, jo kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai| kAma-vijaya kaThina hai| anya indriyoM para vijaya prApta karanA to bhI AsAna hai, parantu sparzendriya ko jItanA atyaMta hI kaThina hai| anya tIna mahAvratoM kA pAlana karanA to phira bhI AsAna hai, parantu brahmacarya-mahAvrata kA pAlana karanA atyaMta hI kaThina hai| anya sabhI vratoM ke lie utsarga va apavAda-mArga kA vidhAna hai, paraMtu maithuna-tyAga meM kahIM bhI apavAda nahIM hai, kyoMki rAgabhAva ke binA maithuna kI pravRtti zakya hI nhiiN| yuvAvasthA meM kAma-vAsanA kA jora adhika hotA hai, ataH usa para vijaya prApta karane ke lie nimna upAya batAe gae haiM - 1. dRr3ha manobala - vastutaH, kAma kA mukhya utpatti-sthAna mana hai| mana meM vikAra utpanna hone ke bAda hI vaha vikAra vANI va kAyA meM pariNata hotA hai| kamajora mana sAmAnya kunimittoM ko pAkara bhI kAmAtura bana jAtA hai, parantu jisake pAsa dRr3ha manobala hai, vaha vyakti azubha nimittoM ke bIca bhI apanI cittavRttiyoM ko bAhara nahIM jAne detA hai| brahmacarya ke lie dRr3ha manobala hI vikaTa prasaMgoM meM Atma-santalana rakha sakatA hai| kamajora mana kA mAnava to turanta hI pravAha kI dizA meM bahane laga jAtA hai| sthUlIbhadrajI399 mana se dRr3ha the, isalie brahmacarya ke mahAn upAsaka bana ge| apane gRhastha-jIvana meM sthUlIbhadrajI kozA vezyA ke yahAM bAraha varSa taka rahe the| eka choTe se nimitta ko pAkara ve saMsAra ke samasta bhogasukhoM ko tilAMjali dekara brahmacarya-vrata meM dRr3ha ho ge| usake bAda unhoMne kozA vezyA ke bhavana meM cAturmAsa kiyaa| vaya, Rtu, bhojana Adi saba anukUla hone para bhI mana kI dRr3hatA ke kAraNa unameM leza-mAtra bhI vikAra utpanna nahIM huaa| unako patita karane ke lie kozA ne apane saba prayatna kara lie, parantu vaha niSphala hI rhii| anta meM vaha bhI vratadhArI zrAvikA bana gii| apane brahmacarya ke vrata ke kAraNa caurAsI caubIsI taka itihAsa ke pannoM para sthUlIbhadra kA nAma aMkita rhegaa| 398 yogazAstra - 2/99 399 upadezamAlA, gAthA 59 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 2. maMtra - jApa mana kA rakSaNa kare, vaha maMtra kahalAtA hai / jahA~-tahA~ bhaTaka rahe apane mana ko maMtra ke dvArA kendrita karane kA prayAsa karanA cAhie / namaskAra - mahAmaMtra athavA neminAtha prabhu Adi ke maMtra jApa se apane mana ko sthira karane se mana ke azubha vicAra svataH dUra ho jAeMge, phalasvarUpa brahmacarya pAlana meM dRr3hatA AegI / brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie navakAra mahAmaMtra ke prabhAva se seTha sudarzana kI sUlI siMhAsana bana gaI, deva - dundubhi bajane lagI, zIla kI sugandha phailane lagI, sadAcAra kI vANI mukharita ho uThI, AkAza se phUla barasane lage, kyoMki sudarzanaM zrAvaka ne parastrI ke pAsa rahane para bhI niSkalaMka manovRtti rakhI aura apane brahmacarya meM dRr3ha rahe / 3. Atma- dhyAna kA ciMtana AtmA svayaM nirvikAra caitanyasvarUpa hai / avakAza ke samaya meM AtmA ke zuddha caitanya svarUpa kA dhyAna karane se mana kI azubha vRttiyA~ vilIna ho jAtI haiN| apanI AtmA meM hI nirvikAra caitanyasvarUpa paramAtmA chipe hue haiM, - isa prakAra kI AtmajAgrati va cintana se brahmacarya - pAlana meM apUrva bala milatA hai| 4. zubha pravRtti 'kAma' kA auSadha kAma hai / kahAvata hai 'Empty mind is devil's workshop', khAlI dimAga zaitAna kA ghara hai / brahmacarya pAlana ke lie apane tana - mana ko satata zubha pravRttiyoM meM jor3e rakhane se kAmavAsanA pradIpta nahIM hotI, kyoMki avakAza milate hI tana-mana anAdi ke kusaMskAroM . meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai, isalie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zramaNa - zramaNiyoM ke lie pratidina cAra prahara svAdhyAya kI AjJA dI hai. satat zAstra- svAdhyAya meM lIna rahane se abrahma ke vicAra mana ko sparza nahIM karate haiM aura mana zuddha banatA jAtA hai / ,401 400 401 - akalaMkamanovRtteH parastrIsannidhAvapi / sudarzanasya kiM bramaH sudarzanasamunnate / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra 26/18 221 yogazAstra, gAthA 101 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 5. sAtvika AhAra - AhAra pratyeka prANI kI eka aparihAryatA hai| cAhe vyakti gRhastha ho yA muni - donoM ke lie AhAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai, paraMtu AhAra kI zuddhatA aura sAttvikatA sAdhanA meM atiAvazyaka hai| tAmasika va rAjasI- AhAra mana ko vikRta banAtA hai, ataH una anarthoM se bacane ke lie sadaiva sAttvika khurAka hI lenA caahie| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA haibrahmacaryarata bhikSu zIghra hI kAmavAsanA ko bar3hAne vAle praNIta bhojana-pAna kA sadaiva tyAga kre| brahmacArI ko ghI, dUdha Adi rasoM kA adhika sevana nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki rasa prAyaH uddIpaka hotA hai| uddIpta puruSa ke nikaTa kAma-vAsanAeM vaise hI calI AtI haiM, jaise svAdiSTa phala vAle vRkSa ke pAsa pakSI cale jAte haiN|403 6. rAtri bhojana kA tyAga - brahmacarya-vrata kI sAdhanA ke lie brahmacArI ko rAtri meM bhojana nahIM lenA caahie| yadi zakya ho, to dina meM eka bAra hI bhojana lenA caahie| saMdhyA ke bhojana va zayana ke bIca tIna se cAra ghaMToM kA aMtara avazya honA cAhie, cUMki asamaya kiyA gayA AhAra anucita vikRti paidA karatA hai, ataH brahmacArI sAdhaka ko bhAvanAzuddhi ke lie rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA cAhie aura kama khAnA cAhie, tAki bhojana sucArU rUpa se paca ske| 'kama khAnA guNakArI hotA hai 1404 7. ucita zrama - __ brahmacarya-pAlana ke lie zarIra kA ucita zrama jarUrI hai| zrama ke abhAva meM vyakti meM vAsanA prabala ho jAtI hai, isalie zramaNa-jIvana kI dainika samasta kriyAoM ko yogya Asana, mudrA, kAussaga (kAyotsarga) Adi ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, isalie Avazyaka zrama svataH mila jAtA hai| jainadarzana ke pratyeka anuSThAna ke sAtha bhinna-bhinna Asana, mudrA kA yoga 402 vahI - 16/7 rasA pagAmaM na niseviyavvA, pAyaM rasA dittikArA nraannN| ___dittaM ca kAmA samabhiddavaMti dubhaM jahA sAUphalaM va pkkhii|| - uttarAdhyayana - 32/8 404 guNakArittaNAo omaM bhottavvaM / - nizIthacUrNi -2951 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhI jur3A huA hai / pAda - vihAra, gocarI hetu paribhramaNa sthaNDila bhUmi - gamana Adi yoga aura ucita zrama ke hI aMga haiM / varttamAna yuga meM Adhunika sAdhanoM kI abhivRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha manuSya kA zArIrika zrama dina-pratidina ghaTatA jA rahA hai, isake phalasvarUpa zarIra meM vikRti paidA hotI hai / brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ucita prakAra se karane ke lie sAdhaka dvArA prANAyAma, zIrSAsana, siddhAsana, padmAsana Adi ke dvArA bhI yogya zrama kiyA jA sakatA hai| 8. niyamitatA va maryAdita nidrA zArIrika zrama ke nivAraNa ke lie nidrA kI bhI AvazyakatA rahatI hai / nidrA se kSaya huI UrjA kA punaH saMcaya hotA hai, isalie svAdhyAya, ArAdhanA aura mana ko ekAgra karane ke lie brahmacArI kI nidrA niyamita honA caahie| dera rAtri taka jAgane se aura aniyamita rUpa se nIMda lene se zarIra kA santulana TUTatA jAtA hai| vAstava meM to, rAtri ke prathama prahara ke bAda so hI jAnA cAhie aura sUryodaya ke do muhUrtta pUrva, arthAt brAhmamuhUrta meM nidrA kA tyAga kara denA caahie| kahA hai - prathama prahara meM saba koI jAge, dUsare prahara meM bhogI / tIsare prahara meM taskara jAge, cauthe prahara meM yogI / / 223 apanI bhAvazuddhi kA paramAtmA ke sAtha anusaMdhAna karane ke lie rAtri kA aMtima prahara atyanta zreSTha hai, arthAt brAhmamuhUrta meM jAgakara paramAtmA ke sAtha sambandha jor3ane kA prayAsa karanA cAhie / jaba paramAtmA meM mana lagegA, to vAsanAoM para niyaMtraNa ho jaaegaa| 9. zArIrika - Avega ko nahIM rokeM - mala-mUtra Adi jo zArIrika - Avega haiM, unheM rokane kA prayAsa nahIM karanA caahie| unheM rokane se nukasAna hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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224 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 10. azubha vAtAvaraNa se dUra raheM - nATaka, nRtya, sinemA, TIvI, vIDiyo tathA azlIla sAhitya Adi se ekadama bacakara rheN| cUMki ye viSaya-vAsanAoM ko bar3hAne kA kAma karate haiM, isalie vAsanAoM ko jAgrata karane vAle nimittoM kA bhI tyAga karanA caahie| 11. zArIrika zrRMgAra na kareM - brahmacArI kA jIvana atyanta sAdagIpUrNa honA caahie| tela, itra, . Adi sauMdarya prasAdhanoM ke prayoga se kAma-vikAra uttejita ho jAte haiM, ataH brahmacarya ke sAdhaka ko zarIra kA zrRMgAra, bhar3akIle azlIla vastra, vartamAna yuga meM pracalita upabhoga kI vastueM, jaise - phona, mobAIla, kampyUTara, neTa, TIvI, saMgIta Adi kA tyAga karanA caahie| * 12. zayanagRha - brahmacArI ko strI Adi se rahita svataMtra zayanagRha meM sonA caahie| sone ke lie bistara atyanta komala va mulAyama nahIM honA caahie| . zayanakakSa meM mahApuruSoM ke citra aMkita honA cAhie, tAki unheM dekhakara mana meM hI zubha bhAva paidA ho skeN| 13. ekAMta kA tyAga - apekSA se ekAnta lAbhakara bhI hai aura hAnikara bhii| rAma aura ramA -donoM kA dhyAna ekAnta meM hI hotA hai| ekAnta meM hI kAnta kI prApti hotI hai| rAma aura kAma- donoM se milana ekAnta meM hI hotA hai| ina saba bAtoM se spaSTa hai ki jisakA mana svAdhIna hai, aise sAdhaka ke lie ekAnta lAbhakArI hai aura jisakA mana parAdhIna hai, aise vyakti ko ekAnta milane para usakA mana kuvicAra meM bhaTaka jAtA hai| aise vyakti ko jyeSTha puruSoM ke sAnnidhya meM hI rahanA caahie| mAtA-pitA va gurvAdi ke sAnnidhya meM rahane se azubha vicAroM se pUrNatayA bacA jA sakatA hai| lajjA-guNa ke kAraNa yA dUsare vyakti kI upasthiti bhI vyakti ko pApa karane se bacA detI hai, kyoMki dUsaroM kI upasthiti meM pApa kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhaya paidA hotA hai| isI niyama ke anusAra, zramaNa - jIvana meM ekAkI vihAra kA niSedha hai aura gurvAdi ke sAnnidhya meM hI baiThane kA vidhAna hai| 14. rucipUrvaka sarjana meM lIna raheM - mana ko sadA vazIbhUta karane ke lie apanI abhiruci kA kAma use satata karate rahanA caahie| apanI rucipUrvaka sarjana meM lIna mana bhaTakegA nahIM / stuti-sarjana meM lIna zobhanamuni ko yaha patA hI nahIM calA ki unake pAtra meM kisI ne patthara rakha diyA / bhAmatI TIkA ke sRjana meM lIna vAcaspati mizra isa bAta ko bhI bhUla cuke the ki ve vivAhita haiM / sAhitya, kAvya, stuti, gIta, kalA Adi meM lIna mana anya vikRta vicAroM se mukta bana jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki mana ko kisI sarjanAtmaka kArya meM lagA deM, to kisI prakAra ke azubha vicAra chU nahIM sakate / 15. Atma-svarUpa vicAra 17. tapa nizcayadRSTi se dekhA jAe, to AtmA na puruSa hai aura na strI / yaha strI hai, yaha puruSa hai - yaha to daihika-dharma hai| strI va puruSa - donoM ke deha meM rahI huI AtmA to zuddha caitanyasvarUpa hI hai| prema to AtmA se honA cAhie, kyoMki vaha sahaja hai| deha se prema to aupAdhika hai| maiM deha nahIM, kintu AtmA hU~ / deha ke dharma mere vAstavika dharma nahIM haiM, ataH daihika-dharmoM meM AkarSita honA ajJAnasvarUpa hai| isa prakAra, Atma-svarUpa kA ciMtana karane se bhI AtmA vikAramukta banatI hai aura brahmacarya kI sAdhanA sugama banatI hai| 16. vrata - svIkAra pratijJA ke svIkAra se manobala majabUta banatA hai / jIvanaparyanta athavA varSa meM amuka dinoM meM brahmacaryapAlana kA niyama kara apane mana ko azubha vicAroM se roka sakate haiN| 225 brahmacarya kI sAdhanA meM tapa-dharma kA vizeSa mahattva hai| tapa kI sAdhanA se bhItara kI vAsanAeM nirjarita ho jAtI haiN| kAma-krodha Adi vikAra tapa se jalakara bhasmIbhUta ho jAte haiM, zarta yaha hai ki tapa vivekapUrNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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226 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ,405 honA caahie| bAra- bAra bhojana karane se, atimAtrA meM AhAra lene se evaM mAdaka bhojana karane se kAmavikAra jAgrata hote haiM, ataH sAdhaka ko apane dainika jIvana meM bhI tapa kA Azraya lenA caahie| sAdhu ke lie dazavaikAlika meM 'egabhataM ca bhoyaNaM 15 dina meM eka bAra sAttvika bhojana } kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha ekadama yuktisaMgata hai| dina meM eka bAra sAttvika bhojana lene se zarIra ke lie Avazyaka UrjA-zakti kI bhI prApti ho jAtI hai aura dainika ArAdhanA - sAdhanA meM bhI niyamitatA rahatI hai| kAmavAsanAoM kA bhojana ke sAtha sIdhA saMbaMdha hai / taSa ke dvArA AhAra - saMyama hote hI kAma para AsAnI se vijaya pAI jA sakatI hai| kAmavAsanA para vijaya prApta karane ke lie AyaMbila kA tapa eka rAmabANa upAya hai| AyaMbila ke bhojana se rasanA para to vijaya milatI hI hai, sAtha hI, kAma para vijaya bhI prApta kI jA sakatI hai, ataH sAdhaka ko AyaMbila, yA pratidina eka vigaI kA tyAga karanA caahie| sAdhaka ko apane bhAvabrahmacarya ke pAlana ke lie vivekapUrNa tapa-dharma kA AcaraNa avazya karanA cAhie / 18. kAyotsarga kAyotsarga kI sAdhanA ke dvArA bhI bhaTakate hue mana ko niyaMtrita kiyA jA sakatA hai / mana ko kendrita karane ke lie kAyotsarga zreSTha sAdhanA hai| kAyA ke utsarga ke dvArA kAyA ke mamatva kA tyAga karanA hotA hai| jahA~ kAyA kI mamatA nahIM rahegI, vahA~ kAmavAsanA kA astitva bhI kaise Tika paaegaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra prabhu bhI apane chadmastha - kAla meM adhikAMza samaya kAyotsarga kI sAdhanA meM hI bitAte the| khar3e-khar3e laMbe samaya taka kAyotsarga karane se mana kA bhaTakAva ruka jAtA hai aura sAdhaka Atmonnati ke zikhara para car3ha jAtA hai / - 406 19. azuci - bhAvanA se mana ko bhAvita kareM mAnava-zarIra ke bhItara bhayaMkara azuci hai / mala-mUtra, hAr3a-mAMsa se yaha deha bharA huA hai| Upara rahI gauravarNIya camar3I kA AkarSaNa pariNAma meM to atyanta hI khataranAka hai / strI- deha bAhara se kitanA hI suMdara kyoM na 405 406 dazavaikAlikasUtra - 6, gAthA-23 yogazAstra 4/72 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 227 ho, bhItara se to atyanta hI vIbhatsa hai| bAhara kI camar3I utara jAe, to usakI ora eka kSaNa kA bhI AkarSaNa nahIM rhegaa| abrahma ke pApa se bacane ke lie hamezA azuci-bhAvanA se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karanA caahie| 20. vijAtIya-sajAtIya sparza-tyAga - brahmacarya-pAlana ke icchuka vyakti ko vijAtIya aura sajAtIya ke aMgopAMga ke sparza kA bhI tyAga karanA caahie| isa sparza ke pApa meM hasta-maithuna kA pApa jIvana meM phalatA-phUlatA hai aura vyakti svapnadoSa Adi kA zikAra banakara sattvahIna aura zaktihIna bana jAtA hai| 21. paraloka kA vicAra kareM - abrahma ke sevana se AtmA ko paraloka meM bhayaMkara kaTu vipAka bhugatane par3ate haiN| naraka meM paramAdhAmI devatA dhaga-dhagAyamAna lohe kI putaliyoM kA AliMgana karane hetu tIvra dabAva DAlate haiN| jIte-jI camar3I utAra dI jAtI hai| yahA~ kAmabhoga meM kSaNabhara kA sukha hai, kintu pariNAmasvarUpa naraka meM lAkhoM-karor3oM-araboM varSoM taka bhayaMkara yAtanAeM bhugatanA par3atI haiN| 22. bhava-AlocanA - __pApa ke pazcAtApa meM AtmA ke UrvIkaraNa kI apUrva zakti rahI huI hai| moha va ajJAnatA ke kAraNa jo bhUleM ho cukI haiM, unako hRdaya se svIkAra karanA cAhie aura bhaviSya meM una bhUloM kA punarAvarttana na ho jAe, isake lie atyaMta hI sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki brahmacarya kI sAdhanA aura vAsanA para jaya hama mana kI ekAgratA aura vrata kI dRr3ha saMkalpatA ke mAdhyama se kara sakate haiM, kyoMki Agama-sAhitya meM kAma-bhoga ke tyAga ko brahmacarya mAnA hai| kAma aura bhoga- ye donoM paryAyavAcI nahIM haiN| sparzana aura rasanA- ina do indriyoM ke viSayoM ko 'kAma' kahA gayA hai tathA ghrANa, cakSu aura karNa-indriyoM ke viSayoM ko 'bhoga' mAnA gayA hai| kAma aura bhoga meM pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSaya kA parityAga hI brahmacarya hai| samyaka rUpa se indriyoM ko vaza meM kara brahmacarya kI sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai| vizva ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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228 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sabhI cintakoM ne vyabhicAra, viSayavAsanA, vilAsitA kI bhartsanA kI hai| bAibila meM bhI yaha svara mukharita huA hai| usI prakAra, muslima dharma meM bhI vilAsitA ko nindanIya mAnA gayA hai| aniyantrita kAmavAsanA mAnava ke saMskAroM ko vikRta banAtI hai| Aja calacitroM ke dRzya vyakti kI viSayavAsanA ko uddIpta karate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA 'brahmacaryasamAdhi adhyayana'407 brahmacarya kA mahattva pratiSThita karatA hai| isameM vaijJAnika rUpa se usa vAtAvaraNa se dUra rahane kI preraNA dI gaI hai, jisase vikAra-vAsanA jAgrata hone kI saMbhAvanA ho| yadyapi uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke yuga meM dUradarzana TIvI, philma kA AviSkAra nahIM huA thA, tathApi usameM azlIla dRzya dekhane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA vAsanA-jaya kI sAdhanA hai| isa sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se hI vyakti 'sva' kA jJAna kara zaileSI-avasthA taka pahuMca sakatA hai| 6. vyakti kA AdhyAtmika-vikAsa aura kAma-vAsanA - vyakti kA AdhyAtmika-vikAsa jIvana kA vaha sarvocca zikhara hai, jahA~ pahuMcakara AtmA karmabaMdhana meM nahIM baMdhatI hai aura apane zuddha svarUpa meM lIna ho jAtI hai| vahA~ na to koI icchA hai, na koI AkAMkSA, na koI zarIra aura na koI liNg| AdhyAtmika-vikAsa jIvana kA antima sopAna hai| usa sopAna taka pahuMcate hI vyakti kA jIvana saphala aura sArthaka ho jAtA hai| ThIka isake viparIta, kAmavAsanA eka aisI bhAvAtmaka - icchA, AkAMkSA, lAlasA aura cAhanA hai, jo vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko rokatI hai aura puna:-punaH nae karmoM ke baMdhana ke kAraNa vaha apane lakSya ko prApta nahIM kara paataa| yahA~ yaha ciMtana upasthita hotA hai ki kisa prakAra se jIvAtmA apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kare? bhAratIya jainadarzana meM vyakti kI AdhyAtmika-vizuddhi ke vibhinna staroM kA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie jainadarzana meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA hai| usameM vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA mUlyAMkana isI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para hotA hai| yaha eka prakAra kA mApadaNDa hai, tharmAmITara hai, jisake dvArA AtmA ke vikAsa kI sthiti ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| kahA gayA hai - 407 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 16/1-16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 229 "svayaM karma karoti AtmA-svayaM tatphalamaznute, svayaM bhramati saMsAre, svayaM tasmAda vimucyte|" AtmA svayaM hI karma karatA hai evaM svayaM hI usakA phala bhogatA hai, karma- bandhanoM ke kAraNa bhava-bhramaNa karatA hai tathA puruSArtha ke dvArA mokSa prApta karatA hai| apane puruSArtha ke dvArA nirvANa pAnA, paramasukha pAnA, mukti pAnA- yahI mAnava-jIvana kA parama lakSya hai| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba AtmA ke svayaM ke guNoM kA vikAsa ho| jyoM-jyoM AtmaguNa prakaTa hone lagatA hai, tyoM-tyoM karmAvaraNa haTatA jAtA hai| AtmA ke guNoM ke vikAsa kI bhUmikAoM kI kramika avasthAoM ko jaina-darzana meM 'guNasthAna' kahA gayA hai| vastutaH, guNasthAna zabda jainadarzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM sarvaprathama samavAyAMga meM jIvasthAna ke nAma se isakA ullekha huA hai| 408 samayasAra meM guNasthAna ko jIvarasa yA jIva ke pariNAma (manodazAe~) kahA gayA hai|409 gommaTasAra meM 'guNa' zabda ko jIva kA paryAyavAcI mAnakara jIva kI avasthAoM ko hI guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| yahA~ eka bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki AtmA ke AdhyAtmika- vikAsa kI dRSTi se jina vibhinna avasthAoM kI carcA kI jAtI hai, unake lie guNasthAna zabda paravartIkAla meM hI rUr3ha huA hai| uparyukta samagra carcA se spaSTa hai ki jainadarzana meM 'guNa' zabda kA prayoga saMsAra, indriyoM ke viSaya, bandhana ke kAraNa karmoM kI udayajanya avasthAe~, karmavizuddhi ke sthAna, AtmA kI vizuddhi kI avadhAraNA aura AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI avasthAe~ Adi vibhinna arthoM meM huA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -"jo guNa hai, vaha saMsAra hai aura jo saMsAra hai, vaha guNa hai|" yahA~ 'guNa' zabda saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH dekhA jAe, to solaha prakAra kI saMjJAeM vyakti ke jIvana meM sadA vyakta-avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna haiM, avasara aura abhivyakti ke upasthita hone para ve vyakta ho jAtI haiN| 408 kammavisohimaggaNaM paDucca cauddasa jIvaTThANa paNNatA ........ | - samavAyAMga-14/15, . madhukaramuni 409 samayasAra, lekhaka- kundAkundAcArya, gAthA kra. 55 410 gommaTasAra. jIvakANDa, gAthA 8 For Personal & Private Use Only

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230 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva prastuta saMdarbha meM kAmavAsanA kA artha saMjJA (mUla pravRtti) Instinct} se hai, kyoMki jaba taka jIva meM icchA, AkAMkSA aura kAmavAsanA rahegI, taba taka usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki mUlavRttiyA~ jIva kI AvazyakatA bhI haiM aura baMdha kA kAraNa bhii| AhAra-saMjJA, bhaya-saMjJA, maithuna-saMjJA aura parigraha-saMjJA Adi mUla rUpa se sAMsArika-jIva ke sAtha rahane ke kAraNa, ve karmabaMdhanoM meM jIva ko pravRtta karatI haiM, jaise - zarIra ko calAne ke lie AhAra Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, isake abhAva meM zarIra adhika samaya taka TikAyA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki AhAra grahaNa karane se zarIra ko zakti evaM sphUrti milatI hai, parantu rAga aura AsaktipUrvaka, bhakSyAbhakSya kA viveka nahIM rakhakara, mAtra svAda ke lie liyA gayA AhAra karma-baMdhana kA kAraNa banatA hai aura hamAre AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bAdhA utpanna karatA hai| tapa kI sAdhanA dvArA AhAra-saMjJA ko dhIre-dhIre samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaisA pUrvokta meM bhayasaMjJA ke vistRta vizleSaNa meM yaha bAta spaSTa kI jA cukI hai ki vyakti apanI surakSA aura sukha ke bhaya ke kAraNa hI sArI pApa-pravRttiyA~ karatA hai| bhaya jIvana kA dUSaNa hai aura abhaya jIvana kA bhuussnn| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie jIva ko abhaya kI sAdhanA karanA cAhie, tabhI vaha apane lakSya taka pahu~ca sakatA hai aura apane AdhyAtmika-vikAsa ke stara ko U~cA uThA sakatA hai| maithunasaMjJA, jaisA kahA jA cukA hai ki mohakarma ke udaya hone ke kAraNa rAga-pariNAma se strI-puruSa meM jo paraspara saMsparza kI icchA hotI hai, yaha mithuna hai aura usakA kArya maithuna hai| mithunarUpI kAmavAsanA hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sabase bar3I bAdhaka hai, isalie AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI ora bar3hane ke lie indriya aura mana ke saMyama se vAsanAtmaka-pravRtti ko haTAnA hI brahmacarya hai| isa prakAra anya saMjJAeM bhI haiM, jinake nirasana aura kSaya ke mAdhyama se hama apane Atmika-vikAsa ko bar3hA sakate haiN| zAstrakAra kahate haiM ki jaba taka jIva meM mUlapravRttiyA~ (saMjJA) aura / rAgadveSa vidyamAna haiM, taba taka vaha kisI-na-kisI yoni ke zarIra dvArA iMdriyoM Adi kI nyUnAdhikatApUrvaka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| saMsArI-jIva anaMta haiM aura ve sabhI apane-apane karmAnusAra vibhinna prakAra ke zarIra, jJAna, buddhi Adi vAle haiN| ina jIvoM meM hI tIna, cAra, dasa aura solaha prakAra kI saMjJAeM pAI jAtI haiM aura jIva kI vibhinna paryAoM yA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #237
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva avasthAoM ke sandarbha meM jina-jina apekSAoM se vicAra-vimarza yA anveSaNa kiyA jAtA hai, ve sabhI 'mArgaNA' kahI jAtI haiN| jyoM-jyoM jIva kA guNasthAna bar3hatA jAegA, vaha Atmavizuddhi ke patha para calatA calA jAegA aura usakI saMpUrNa mUlapravRttiyA~ AdhyAtmika - vikAsa ke zikhara para pahuMcakara samApta ho jaaeNgii| vahAM na to koI kaSAya raheMge, na koI lezyA (zuklalezyA ko chor3akara }, na hI veda / maithunasaMjJA yA kAmavAsanA prANIya-jIvana kA aparihArya aMga hai| prajAti ke saMrakSaNa meM bhI vaha eka Avazyaka tathya hai, phira bhI vaha mAtra daihika-tathya hai, AdhyAtmika - vikAsa ke lie dehAtIta yA vAsanA se mukti honA Avazyaka hai / itihAsa ke svarNima pRSThoM para jinakA nAma Aja bhI daidIpyamAna hai, aise aneka mahApuruSa aura mahAsatiyA~ hue haiN| unhoMne apane jIvana meM kAmavAsanA kA nirasana karake hI apanI AtmA kA kalyANa kiyA thA / unakA jIvana varttamAna yuga meM Adarza - svarUpa hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki jaba taka kAmavAsanAoM kA nirasana yA kSaya nahIM hogA aura brahmacarya kI sAdhanA nahIM hogI, taba taka AdhyAtmika vikAsa saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| yaha zAstra - pramANita tathya hai ki jitane bhI mahAyuddha aura saMgrAma hue, kucha ko chor3akara sabhI mahAyuddha maithuna - saMjJA ke kAraNa hI hue haiN| sItA, draupadI, rukmiNI, padmAvatI, tArA, kAMcanA, raktasubhadrA, ahilyA, svarNaguTikA, kinnarI, surUpavidyunmati aura rohiNI Adi ke lie jo saMgrAma hue haiM, unakA mUla kAraNa maithuna - saMjJA hI thA / dUsare zabdoM meM, maithuna - saMbaMdhI kAma-vAsanA ke kAraNa ye saba mahAyuddha hue / kahate haiM- "abrahma kA sevana karane vAle isa loka meM to naSTa hote hI haiM, paraloka meM bhI unakI durgati hotI hai,' ,,412 jaise sItA ke rUpa meM mugdha bane rAvaNa ko bemauta maranA par3A thA aura anta meM naraka meM jAnA par3A thA / draupadI ko prApta karane ke lie amarakaMkA deza ke rAjA kI yuddha meM durgati huI aura use apamAna sahana karanA pdd'aa| 14 madanarekhA ke rUpa meM pAgala bane maNiratha ne apane sage 411 413 411 praznavyAkaraNasUtra 4/91 412 'ihaloe tAva NaTThA, paraloe vi ya NaTTA mahayA / 413 vikramAkrAntavizvo'pi parastrISu riraMsayA, 1 kRtvA kulakSayaM prApa narakaM dazakandharAH / 1) sthAnAMgasUtra 10/160 414 231 - vahI - 4 / 91 yogazAstra - 2 / 99 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 415 bhAI yugabAhu kI chAtI meM churA bhoMkakara usakI hatyA kara dI thii| teIsaveM tIrthaMkara prabhu pArzvanAtha kA prathama bhava marubhUti kA thA / marubhUti aura kamaTha donoM bhAI the, para marubhUti kI patnI ati rUpavAn hone se kamaTha usa para burI najara rakhatA thaa| jaba yaha bAta marubhUti ko jJAta huI, to kamaTha ko rAjA ne nagara meM ghumAkara apamAnita kara nagara se bAhara nikAla diyaa| strIrUpa ke kAraNa hI bhagavAn ke dasa bhavoM meM kamaTha hara samaya prabhu kA dveSI banA aura anta meM usakI durgati huI parastrI cAhe kitanI hI lAvaNyayukta ho, zubha aMgopAMgoM se yukta ho, sauMdarya evaM sampatti kA ghara ho tathA vividha kalAoM meM kuzala ho, phira bhI usakA tyAga karanA cAhie, ataH parastrI ko tyAjya samajhakara chor3anA caahie| 117 232 - mAnava-deha kA astitva AyuSya kI sImAoM meM baMdhA huA hai| lAkha koziza karane ke bAvajUda bhI ise zAzvata jIvana dene meM koI sakSama nahIM huA hai| vizva raMgamaMca para aneka AtmAoM ko mAnavadeha milatI hai, kintu use saphala va sArthaka banAne vAle virale hI hue haiM / itihAsa ke pRSThoM para svarNAkSaroM se aMkita una mahApuruSoM ke pavitra jIvana kA jaba avalokana karate haiM, taba apanA hRdaya una mahAn vibhUtiyoM ke caraNoM meM sahajatA se jhuka jAtA hai / brahmacarya - dharma kI sAdhanA vAle bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI nemInAtha, vijaya seTha aura vijayA seThAnI, jaMbukumAra, sudarzanaseTha, sthUlabhadra, vajrasvAmI Adi aneka sAdhaka hue haiM, jinhoMne brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ke dvArA AtmakalyANa kiyaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki maithuna - saMjJA para vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai| 415 416 417 -000- 2) pravacanasAroddhAra, AzcaryadvAra 138 sAdhvI hemaprabhA zrIjI bharahesara - sajjhAo, gAthA - 8 zrI zrAdhdha pratikramaNasUtra prabodhaTIkA, bhAga - 2, pR. 468 zrIkalpasUtra, chaTTI vAcanA, hindI anuvAda - zrI AnandasAgarasUrIzvarajI ma.sA., pR. 280 lAvaNyapuNyAvayavAM padaM saundaryasampadaH / kalAkalApakuzalAmapi jahyAt prstriym|| - yogazAstra - 2 / 100 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #239
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 233 adhyAya-5 parigraha-saMjJA {Instinct of appropriation} "parigraha' zabda pari+grahaNa se milakara banA hai| 'pari zabda kA artha vipula mAtrA meM yA pUrNataH aura grahaNa kA artha prApta karanA, saMgraha karanA Adi hai, ataH parigraha zabda kA vistRta artha vipula mAtrA meM vastuoM kA saMgraha karane se hai, yA una para pUrNatayA apane svAmitva kA AropaNa karane se hai| 'parigrahaNaM vA parigrahaH',418 arthAt parigrahaNa hI parigraha hai| parigraha kA eka artha viSayAsakti yA saMsAra ke samasta viSayoM ke prati rAga bhAva tathA mamatva rakhanA bhI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, lobha mohanIyakarma ke udaya se saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta sacitAcita padArthoM ko AsaktipUrvaka grahaNa karane kI abhilASArUpa kriyA ko parigraha-saMjJA kahate haiN|19 padArtha asIma haiM aura icchAeM yA AkAMkSAe~ bhI AkAza ke samAna asIma haiN|420 jisa prakAra virATa sAgara meM pratipala jalataraMgeM taraMgita hotI haiM, eka jalataraMga vilIna hotI hai, to dUsarI jalataraMga uTha jAtI hai, yahI sthiti icchA tRSNA kI bhI hai| mAnava-mana meM niraMtara tRSNA yA icchA-rUpI taraMgeM uThatI hI rahatI haiN| eka icchA kI pUrti hone para dUsarI icchA janma le letI hai| dUsarI icchA pUrNa hone para tIsarI icchA udbhUta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra, icchAoM kA kahIM anta nahIM hai, isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai -"yadi mAnava ko kailAza parvata ke sadRza camacamAte svarNa aura cA~dI ke asaMkhya parvata bhI prApta ho jAeM, to bhI usakI tRSNA yA viSayoM kI prApti ke prati Asakti zAnta nahIM hotI hai|421 kahA bhI gayA hai'jahA lAho, tahA loho' arthAt jyoM-jyoM lAbha hotA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM 418 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, prAkRta/saMskRta bhAga-5, pR. 552 419 lobhodayAtpradhAna bhavakAraNAbhievaMDgapUrvikA sacittetaradavyopAdAnakriyaiva saMjJAyate'nayeti parigraha sNjnyaa| - prajJApanAsUtra - 8/725 420 icchA hu AgAsasamA aNaMtiyA -- uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 9/48 1) praznavyAkaraNasUtra - 5/93 2) suvaNNa-rUpassa u pavvayA bhave, siyA hu kelAsasamA asaMkhyA narassa laddassa na tehi kiMci.......| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra -9/48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva lobha bar3hatA jAtA hai| vastutaH lAbha se lobha kA varddhana hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra 22 meM isI tathya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 234 parigraha - saMjJA kA sAmAnya artha saMcayavRtti se hai / yadyapi saMcayavRtti sabhI prANiyoM meM pAI jAtI hai, phira bhI manuSya meM parigraha - saMjJA yA saMcayavRtti sarvAdhika hai| sAmAnya prANI apanI AhArasaMjJA kI pUrti yA daihika AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie saMcaya karatA hai, kintu manuSya kI saMcayavRtti bhinna hotI hai| vaha kevala svAmitva ko prApta karane ke lie hI prayatna karatA hai| pAzcAtya manovaijJAnika maikaDyUgala ne jina caudaha mUlavRttiyoM kI carcA kI hai, usameM usane saMcayavRtti ko bhI mUla pravRtti mAnA hai| jIvana aura deha ke saMrakSaNa ke lie saMcayavRtti Avazyaka hai, kintu jaba vaha saMcayavRtti lobha aura tRSNA kA pariNAma hotI hai, to vaha saMsAra meM saMgharSa, yuddha aura tanAva ko utpanna karane vAlI hotI hai| upabhoga aura paribhoga ke lie saMcaya utanA burA nahIM hotA hai, jitanA adhikAra - bhAvanA kI dRSTi se hotA hai| pratyeka prANI ko apanA jIvana jIne kA adhikAra hai aura isalie use upabhoga kA bhI adhikAra hai / vaha upabhoga ke lie saMcaya kare, kintu jo saMcaya ke lie saMcaya karatA hai, manovaijJAnika -dRSTi se vaha jo sAdhana hai, usI ko sAdhya banA letA hai| jaba lobha kI vRtti se saMcaya kI vRtti hotI hai, to vaha manovaijJAnika dRSTi se tanAva evaM saMgharSa kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai / AkrAmakatA kI vRtti bhI isI se panapatI hai, isIlie bhAgavat 23 meM kahA gayA hai - "jahAM taka udarapUrti kA prazna hai, yA daihika AvazyakatA kI pUrti kA prazna hai, vahA~ taka padArthoM ke upabhoga kA adhikAra pratyeka vyakti ko hai, lekina jo AvazyakatA se adhika kA saMcaya karatA hai, yA usa para apanA svAmitva mAnatA hai, vaha cora hai|" parigraha - saMjJA ke utpatti ke kAraNa vastutaH yaha satya hai ki icchAeM asIma haiM, kintu AvazyakatAeM bahuta hI sImita haiN| "peTa bhara sakatA hai, kintu peTI kabhI nahIM bharatI / " 422 423 uttarAdhyayana sUtra 32/8 yAvad mriyeta jaTharaM tAvat svatvaM hi dehInAm / adhikaM yo'bhimanyeta sa steno daNDamarhati / / - bhAgavat - 7/14/8-11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 235 eka peTI bhara jAne para dUsarI peTI bharane kI cintA satAtI hai| isa prakAra, anAvazyaka dhana-sampatti aura padArthoM kA saMgraha karanA tathA una vastuoM ke prati mamatva-buddhi aura Asakti rakhanA bhI parigraha-saMjJA to hai, kintu vaha utanA burA nahIM hai, jitanI mAtrA meM svAmitva kI bhAvanA se janita sNcyvRtti| uttama bhojana, uttama vastra, strI Adi bhogopabhoga ke sAdhanabhUta padArthoM ko dekhane se, pahale bhukta padArthoM kA smaraNa karane se, parigraha meM mamatva-buddhi rakhane se tathA lobhakarma kI udIraNA hone para parigrahasaMjJA hotI hai| 424 tattvArthasAra425 meM kahA gayA hai - "antaraMga meM lobhakaSAya kI udIraNA hone se tathA bahiraMga meM upakaraNoM ko dekhane se, parigraha kI ora upayoga jAne se aura mUrchAbhAva hone se parigraha kI icchA honA parigrahasaMjJA hai| yaha saMjJA dasaveM guNasthAna taka hotI hai| tiryaMcoM meM parigraha-saMjJA sabase kama hotI hai tathA devoM meM sabase adhika pAyI jAtI hai, kyoMki sonA aura ratnoM meM unakI sadA Asakti banI rahatI hai|26 zAstroM meM dhana-vaibhava ko nahIM, kinta dhana-vaibhava ke prati jo mana meM Asakti yA svAmitva kI bhAvanA laharA rahI hai, use parigraha-saMjJA kahA gayA hai| eka bhikhArI hai, jisake pAsa tana Dhakane ko na pUre vastra haiM, na khAne ko anna aura na hI rahane ke lie jhopar3I, parantu usake mana meM calacitra kI taraha eka ke bAda dUsarI icchAe~ A rahI haiN| usake mana meM padArthoM ke prati tIvra Asakti hai, isIlie kaMgAla hote hue bhI karor3apati kI icchAe~ usakI icchAoM ke sAmane kama haiN| vaha cAhatA hai ki palaka jhapakate hI vaha saMpUrNa vizva kA svAmI bana jaae| vastutaH, vaha daridra hone para bhI mahAn parigrahI hai, kyoMki usake mana meM tIvra parigrahasaMjJA hai|21 jaina-karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra, lobha-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se sacitta evaM acitta-dravyoM ko saMcaya karane kI jo vRtti hotI hai, vaha 424 upayaraNadaMsaNeNa ya tassuvajogeNa mucchidAe y| lohassudIraNAe pariggahe jAyade saNNA / / - gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa 137 425 tattvArthasAra, 2/36 kA bhAvArtha, pR. 46 prajJApanAsUtra - 8/711 ka) mUchinnadhiyA~ sarva jagadeva parigrahaH / mUrcchayA rahitAnAM tu, jagadevA parigrahaH / / - upAsakadazAMgasUtra kha) icchA pariNAmaM kareha - upAsakadazAMgasUtra For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 428 parigraha-saMjJA hai| prANI kI saMcayAtmaka - vRtti ke kAraNa sthAnAMgasUtra' meM parigraha-saMjJA kI utpatti ke cAra kAraNa batAe gae haiM 236 1. saMcaya karane kI vRtti se / 2. lobha-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se I 3. parigraha ko dekhane se / 4. parigraha sambandhI vicAra karane se | Age hama inakI vistRta vivecanA kareMge / 1. saMcaya karane kI vRtti se -- 429 , mukhyataH parigraha kA sIdhA sambandha to vyakti kI Asakti se hai, kintu gauNa rUpa se vastu - saMgraha kI vRtti bhI parigraha kahalAtI hai| manuSya eka dehadhArI prANI hai aura dehadhArI kI apanI kucha AvazyakatAe~ hotI haiM, jinakI pUrti padArthoM ke dvArA hI kI jA sakatI hai| deha ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai ataH Avazyaka padArthoM kA saMgraha aura usake lie artha-upArjana bhI jarUrI hai| jainadarzana meM gRhastha ke lie yaha nirdeza hai ki vaha apane puruSArtha se dhana kA arjana kare, kyoMki manuSya ko svaprayatnoM se upArjita sampatti ko hI bhogane kA adhikAra hai| gautamakulaka meM kahA gayA hai- pitA ke dvArA saMcita lakSmI nizcaya hI putra ke lie bhaginI ke tulya hotI hai aura dUsaroM kI lakSmI para - strI ke samAna hai, donoM kA bhoga varjita hai, ataH vyakti ko apanI jaivika - AvazyakatA ke lie jitanA dhana Avazyaka hai, utanA use saMcaya karane kA adhikAra hai, parantu yadi vaha bhaviSya kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie saMcaya karatA hai, to vaha dUsaroM ke adhikAroM kA hanana karatA hai| 429 varttamAna kAla meM kevala icchApUrti ke lie hI saMcaya nahIM kiyA jAtA, varan vilAsitA, suvidhA aura sukha - prApti ke lie saMcaya kiyA jA 428 cauhiM ThANehiM pariggahasaNNA samuppajjati, taM jahAavimuttayAe, lobhaveyaNijjassa kammassa udaeNaM, matIe, tadaTThovaogeNaM / - sthAnAMgasUtra 4/582 mokkhapasAhaNahetuM NANAdI tappasahaNe deho / haTThA AhAro teNa tu kAlo aNuNNAto / / nizIthabhASya, 47/91 - - For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 237 rahA hai| Aja ke vijJApana, patra-patrikAeM aisI icchA jAgrata karate haiM, jo anAvazyaka ko bhI Avazyaka banA detI haiN| unheM dekhakara aisA lagatA hai ki inake binA to hamArA jIvana cala hI nahIM sktaa| vijJApana Adi saMcayavRtti ko jAgrata karate haiM aura isase parigraha-saMjJA kI vRtti bar3hatI hI calI jAtI hai, ataH hameM AvazyakatA ko samyaka rUpa se samajhanA hogaa| 2. lobhamohanIya-karma ke udaya se+30 - jo karma jIva ko mohagrasta karatA hai, viveka-bhraSTa karatA hai, use mohanIyakarma kahate haiN| karmagrantha meM mohanIyakarma ke do bheda kie gae haiM - 1. darzana-mohanIya aura 2. caaritr-mohniiy| prastuta saMdarbha meM, cAritra-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se vratoM aura mahAvratoM ke grahaNa evaM pAlana meM bAdhA upasthita hotI hai| isake bhI do bheda haiM- 1. kaSAya-cAritramohanIya, 2. nokssaay-caaritrmohniiy| jisase duHkhoM kI prApti hotI hai, use kaSAya kahate haiN| kaS arthAt saMsAra, janmamaraNa, rAgadveSa aura Aya arthAt lAbha / jisake kAraNa bhava (saMsAra) kA vistAra hotA hai, use kaSAya kahate haiN|432 kaSAya cAra prakAra ke haiM - 1.krodha, 2. mAna, 3. mAyA aura 4. lobha / mohanIyakarma ke udaya se citta meM utpanna honevAlI tRSNA yA lAlasA lobha kahalAtI hai| jaba vyakti meM 'lobhamohanIya-karma kA udaya hotA hai, to adhikAdhika saMgraha kI lAlasA utpanna hotI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM kahA hai ki jisa prakAra mAMsa ke lie giddha Adi pakSI cakkara kATate haiM, usI prakAra lobhI manuSya iSTa padArthoM kI prApti ke lie udyamazIla rahatA hai| lobha ko AmiSAvarta kahA gayA hai| ataH, spaSTa hai ki lobhamohanIya-karma ke udaya se hI vyakti meM parigraha-saMjJA utpanna hotI hai| 430 solasa kasAya nava nokasAya, duvihaM caritta mohaNIyaM / aNa-apaccakkhANA, paccakkhANA ya sNjlnnaa|| - prathamakarmagraMtha, gAthA 17 457 kammaM kasa bhavo vA kasamAo siM jao kasAyA tA.... | -vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2978 abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, khaNDa-3, pR. 395 432 For Personal & Private Use Only

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238 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva mohanIya-karma darzanamohanIya-karma cAritramohanIya-karma kaSAya-mohanIya - nokaSAya-mohanIya krodha mAna mAyA lobha 3. parigraha ko dekhane se - parigraha-saMjJA kI utpatti kA tRtIya pramukha kAraNa parigraha-sAmagrI ko dekhane se evaM use prApta karane kA mAnasa banAne se hai| mAnava-mana kI yaha vRtti hai ki 'dUsaroM kI thAlI meM ghI adhika dikhAI detA hai| manuSya ke pAsa usakI AjIvikA nirvAha karane ke lie paryApta sAmagrI hai, para jaba usakI dRSTi dUsaroM kI sAmagrI, jaise- makAna, dukAna, vastra, AbhUSaNa, gAr3I Adi para par3atI hai, to use apanI sAmagrI kama lagatI hai| yaha kamI kI dRSTi hI bhautika vastuoM ke prati use AkarSita karatI hai aura parigraha-saMjJA ko utpanna karatI hai| yaha manovaijJAnika tathya hai ki mahilAoM ke pAsa sau sAr3iyA~ hone para bhI jaba ve apanI par3osina yA anya kI naI sAr3iyA~ dekhatI haiM, to AvazyakatA na hone para bhI ve unheM kharIdane ke lie taiyAra ho jAtI haiN| yaha vRtti AkAMkSA, icchA, parigraha-saMjJA ko bar3hAtI hai| 4. parigraha sambandhI vicAra karane se jisa prakAra bhojana kI carcA karate haiM, to bhojana grahaNa karane kI icchA jAgrata hotI hai, bhaya-saMbaMdhI vicAra karate haiM, to bhaya svataH hI lagane lagatA hai, kAma-saMbaMdhI vicAra karate haiM, to vAsanAeM prakaTa hone lagatI haiM, ThIka usI prakAra, parigraha-saMbaMdhI vicAra karate haiM, to vastuoM kA saMcaya For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 239 karane kI icchA jAgrata hotI hai| manuSya ke mana evaM mastiSka meM nirantara vicAroM kA krama calatA rahatA hai| vyakti ke vicAra hI usake kArya ke rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| mana meM yadi bhaviSya meM upabhoga ke lie vastu-saMcaya kA vicAra cala rahA hai, to nizcita rUpa se vaha saMcaya karane kA prayAsa karegA aura apane parigraha ko bddh'aaegaa| ataH, jainadarzana kA kahanA hai ki manuSya ko AvazyakatA se adhika kI saMcayavRtti se bacanA caahie| parigraha kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa - praznavyAkaraNasUtra ke TIkAkAra433 ne parigraha kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai -jo pUrNa rUpa se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha parigraha hai| pUrNa rUpa se grahaNa karane kA artha hai-mamatvabuddhi se grahaNa krnaa| vAstavika dRSTi se to parigraha Asakti, mamatvabuddhi yA mUrchA hai| mUrchA kA artha hai -kisI bhI vastu ke prati mamatva kA bhaav| yaha mamatva kI cetanA rAgavaza hotI hai aura isI cetanA ke kAraNa arjana, saMgraha Adi ke lie prANI prayatnazIla rahatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra, samagra saMsArI-jIvoM ke duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa tRSNA hai| jisakI tRSNA samApta ho jAtI hai, usakA moha bhI samApta ho jAtA hai aura jisakA moha samApta ho jAtA hai, usake duHkha bhI samApta ho jAte haiN| mUrchA yA tRSNA hI parigraha hai| tRSNA kA hI dUsarA rUpa lobha hai aura lobha ko hI sarvaguNoM kA vinAzaka kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra, lobhamohanIya-karma-phala-cetanA yA tRSNA ke kAraNa hI parigraha-saMjJA utpanna hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yadi sone aura cAMdI ke kailAza parvata ke samAna asaMkhya parvata bhI khar3e kara die jAeM, to bhI yaha duSpUrya tRSNA zAMta nahIM ho sakatI hai| cUMki dhana cAhe kitanA bhI ho, vaha sImita hai aura tRSNA ananta-asIma hai, ataH sImita sAdhanoM se isa asIma tRSNA kI pUrti nahIM kI jA sktii|437 yadi hama adhika spaSTa zabdoM meM kaheM, to jaina-dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM tRSNA yA 433 parisAmastayena grahaNaM parigrahaNa .....mUcchavizena parigrahyate AtmabhAvena mameti buddhayA grahyate iti parigrahaH / - praznavyAkaraNavRtti 215 454 mucchA pariggaho vutto| -dazavaikAlikasUtra-6/20 457 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 32/8 436 loho svvvinnaasnno| - vahI uttarAdhyayanasUtra -9/48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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240 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva Asakti duHkha kA paryAyavAcI hI bana gaI hai| yaha tRSNA yA Asakti hI parigraha (saMgrahavRtti) kA mUla hai| Asakti hI parigraha hai| mUrchA-parigraha - AcArya umAsvAti ne parigraha kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai - "mUrchA parigraha hai,438 arthAt kisI bhI vastu ke prati mamatva kA anubhava karanA, yA usa para apanA mAlikAnA haka rakhanA parigraha hai| saMsAra meM jar3a aura cetana, choTe-bar3e aneka padArtha haiM, yaha saMsArI prANI moha yA rAgavaza unheM apanA mAna letA hai| unake saMyoga meM yaha harSa mAnatA hai aura viyoga meM duHkhI hotA hai tathA unake arjana, saMcaya aura saMrakSaNa ke lie yaha nirantara prayatnazIla rahatA hai| aba to ina bAhya padArthoM para svAmitva sthApita karane ke lie aura apane dezavAsiyoM kI tathAkathita sukha-suvidhA ke lie rASTra-rASTra meM yuddha hone lage haiN| vartamAna kAla meM nyAya-nIti kI sthApanA aura asadAcAra ke nivAraNa ke lie yuddha na hokara, apane-apane svArthoM kI pUrti Adi kAraNoM se yuddha hote haiN| vAstava meM dekhA jAe, to ina saba pravRttiyoM kI taha meM mUrchA yA tRSNA hI kAma karatI hai, isalie sUtrakAra ne mUrchA ko hI parigraha kahA hai| 'maiM' aura 'mere' kA bhAva parigraha kI ora prerita karatA hai| 439 strI, puruSa, ghara, dhana-dhAnya, cetana-acetana Adi vastuoM ke prati mamatva rakhanA parigraha hai|40 anya zabdoM meM kaheM, to aisI vastuoM ke milane kI khuzI evaM unake cale jAne kA duHkha-rUpI mUrchAbhAva hI parigraha hai| jisake pAsa vipula sampatti hai, vaha avazya parigrahI hai, parantu jinake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM hai, phira bhI citta meM bar3I-bar3I AkAMkSAe~ lie rahate haiM, ve bhI parigrahI haiN| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -"muni na to saMgraha karatA hai, na karAtA hai aura karane vAloM kA samarthana bhI nahIM karatA hai| vaha para padArthoM se pUrNatayA anAsakta evaM akiMcana hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha apane zarIra se bhI mamatva nahIM rakhatA hai, saMyamanirvAha ke lie vaha jo kucha bhI alpa upakaraNa apane pAsa rakhatA hai, usa para bhI usakA mamatva nahIM hotA hai,441 isalie muni ke pAsa sAmagrI hote 438 mUrchA parigrahaH - tattvArthasUtra- 7, 17 439 The feeling of I and mine, are root causes of Infatuation. tattvArthasUtra, anu. chaganalAla jaina, pR. 191 440 so ya pariggaho ceyaNAceyaNesu davesu mucchAnimito bhvii| - jinadAsa cUrNi, pR. 151 savvatthuvahiNA buddhA sNrkssnnprigghe| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 241 hue bhI mUrchA na hone ke kAraNa vaha aparigrahI hai| jainAcAryoM ne bAra-bAra balapUrvaka kahA hai ki nyAya kI kamAI se manuSya jIvanabhara nirvAha kara sakatA hai, kintu dhana kA bhaNDAra nahIM bhara sktaa| aTUTa saMpatti to pApa kI kamAI se hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| jisa prakAra nadiyA~ jaba bharatI haiM, to varSA ke gande jala se hI bharatI haiN|442 vAstava meM parigraha Asakti hI hai| isa dRSTikoNa se, dhana-vaibhava ke apAra bhaNDAra hote hue bhI vyakti aparigrahI yA alpa parigrahI ho sakatA hai, zarta yaha hai ki usake hRdaya meM usa vaibhava ke prati anAsakti kA bhAva ho| icchA-parigraha - kundakundAcAryaviracita 'samayasAra' meM icchA ko parigraha kahA gayA hai| jisameM icchA hai, vaha parigrahI hai, jisameM icchAe~ nahIM haiM, vaha aparigrahI hai, kyoMki icchA ajJAnamaya bhAva hai| ve bhAva jJAnI ke nahIM ho sakate haiN|444 jJAnI ko AhAra kI bhI icchA nahIM hai, isa kAraNa jJAnI kA AhAra karanA bhI parigraha nahIM hai| yadi AhAra icchApUrvaka, AsaktipUrvaka aura svAda ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha bhI parigraha bana jAtA hai| jaina-karmasiddhAnta yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki asAtAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se jaTharAgni se kSudhA utpanna hotI hai, vIryAMtarAya ke udaya se usakI vedanA sahI nahIM jAtI aura cAritramoha ke udaya se grahaNa karane kI icchA jAgrata hotI hai, isalie icchA ko karmajanya mAnA hai| parigraha ke svarUpa ko batalAte hue kahA gayA hai -jJAnI khAne kI koI icchA rakhatA hI nahIM hai| yaha anicchA hI aparigraha hai| vaha bhUkha ko dekhatA hai, para bhUkha se vyAkula nahIM hotA hai| icchA kA abhAva hI aparigraha hai| pyAsA vyakti pAnI pItA hai, vaha AvazyakatA hai, para zarAbI zarAba pItA hai, vaha icchApUrvaka hai, isalie vaha parigraha hai| sAdhu vastroM kA dhAraNa lajjA ko Dhakane ke lie karatA hai, para ___avi appaNo vi dehammi nAyaraMti mamAiyaM / / - dazavaikAlikasUtra -6/21 442 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, sAdhvI candanA, pR. 466 443 jaina nItizAstra : eka parizIlana, devendra muni, pR. 324 apariggaho aNiccho bhaNido NANI ya Nicchadi adhmm| apariggaho adhammasya jANago teNa so hodi|| - samayasAra, gAthA 211 apariggaho aNiccho bhaNido NANI ya Nicchadi asnnN| apariggaho duM asaNassa jANago teNa so hodi|| - vahI, gAthA 212 apariggaho aNiccho bhaNido pANIya Nicchade paann| apariggaho du pANassa jANago teNa so hodi|| - vahI, gAthA-13 445 For Personal & Private Use Only

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242 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva gRhastha vastroM kA prayoga sundara dikhAI dene ke lie karatA hai| isa prakAra, rAgabhAva aura AsaktipUrvaka kI gaI kriyA parigrahasvarUpa hotI hai| Asakti/tRSNA-parigraha bauddha-paramparA meM bhI icchA (tRSNA) ko bandhana evaM duHkhoM kA mUla mAnA gayA hai| buddha kahate haiM ki tRSNA ke naSTa ho jAne para sabhI bandhana svataH naSTa ho jAte haiN| ve kahate haiM ki cAhe svarNa-mudrAoM kI varSA hone lage, lekina usase bhI tRSNAyukta manuSya kI tRpti nahIM hotii|146 bhagavAn buddha kI dRSTi meM tRSNA hI duHkha hai aura jise yaha viSailI tRSNA ghera letI hai, usake duHkhaM vaise hI bar3hate rahate haiM, jaise khetoM meM vIraNa ghAsa bar3hatI rahatI hai|448 icchAoM (Asakti) kA kSaya hI duHkhoM kA kSaya hai| jo vyakti isa tRSNA ko vaza meM kara letA hai, usake duHkha usI prakAra samApta ho jAte haiM, jaise kamalapatra para rakhA huA jala-bindu zIghra hI samApta ho jAtA hai| 449 isa prakAra, buddha kI dRSTi meM bhI Asakti (parigraha) hI vAstavika duHkha hai aura anAsakti (aparigraha) hI saccA sukha hai| buddha kI dRSTi meM Asakti, cAhe vaha padArthoM kI ho, cAhe kisI atIndriya tattva kI, bandhana hI hai| astitva kI cAha tRSNA hai aura mukti to vItarAgatA yA anAsakti (aparigraha) meM hI pratiphalita hotI hai,450 kyoMki Asakti hI bandhana hai|" buddha kahate haiM ki parigraha yA saMgrahavRtti kA mUla yahI Asakti yA tRSNA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki parigraha kA mUla icchA hai,452 ataH buddha kI dRSTi meM bhI anAsakti kI vRtti ke vikAsa ke lie parigraha kA visarjana Avazyaka hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne to gItA ko 'anAsakti-yoga' hI kahA hai| gItAkAra ne bhI yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki Asakti kA tattva hI vyakti ko saMgraha aura bhogavAsanA ke lie prerita karatA hai| kahA gayA hai ki Asakti ke bandhana meM baMdhA huA vyakti kAmabhoga kI pUrti ke lie anyAyapUrvaka 446 dhammapada, 186 447 saMyuttanikAya- 2/12/66, 1/1/65 448 dhammapada, 335 vahI- 336 450 majjhimanikAya-3/20 suttanipAta- 68/5 mahAniddesapAli- 1/11/107 451 452 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 243 artha-saMgraha karatA hai,453 isalie Arthika kSetra meM apaharaNa, zoSaNa aura saMgraha kI jo burAiyA~ panapatI haiM, ve saba mUlataH Asakti se pratyutpanna haiN| gItA meM kahA hai ki Asakti (icchA) aura lobha (parigraha) naraka ke kAraNa haiN| kAma-bhogoM meM Asakta manuSya hI naraka aura azubha yoniyoM meM janma letA hai|454 zrIkRSNa kahate haiM -he arjuna! tU karmoM ke phala meM rahI huI Asakti kA tyAga kara niSkAma bhAva se karma kr| purANoM meM bhI parigraha kA mUla kAraNa mamatvabuddhi ko mAnA hai| 'pari samantAt mohabuddhayA gRhyate yaH sa parigrahaH', arthAt moha (mamatva) buddhi ke dvArA jo padArtha kA grahaNa kiyA jAe, vaha parigraha hai|456 pAtaMjala yogasUtra457 meM aparigraha ko pAMcaveM yama ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kahA hai ki parigraha kA mUla kAraNa mamatva, Asakti yA tRSNA hai| parigraha yA vastuoM kA saMgraha vyakti viSaya-bhoga hetu karatA hai| cUMki bhogoM kI pUrti padArthoM se hotI hai, ataH bhogAkAMkSI ko saMsAra meM janma lenA Avazyaka hotA hai| saMsAra meM vahI janma letA hai, jisameM sAMsArika bhogoM kI kAmanA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki parigraha bhogecchAoM kA dyotaka hai aura bhogecchAe~ saMsAra meM janma lene kA kAraNa haiN| 458 yaha ukti prasiddha hai -'na tRSNAyAH paro vyAdhi na saMtoSAtparaM sukham', arthAt tRSNA se bar3I koI vyAdhi nahIM evaM saMtoSa se bar3A koI sukha nhiiN| tRSNA draupadI ke cIra ke samAna hai, jo chor3ane ke bAda hI samApta hotI hai| yaha binA pAla ke tAlAba jaisI hai, jisameM kitanA bhI pAnI A jAe vaha bharatA nahIM hai| parigraha kA mUla moha hai, Asakti hai| bAhya-parigraha kabhI bhI bAdhaka nahIM hotA, yadi moha kSINa ho jAtA hai, to vyakti ke lie parigraha koI mahattva nahIM rakhatA, isalie kahA gayA hai -"jisa vRkSa kI jar3a sUkha gaI ho, use kitanA hI sIMcie, vaha harA-bharA nahIM hotaa| moha ke kSINa hone para karmavRkSa phira se harA-bharA nahIM hotA hai| mUla ko sIMcane para hI phala lagate haiM, mUla naSTa hone para phala bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| 459 453 gItA- 16/12 454 vahI- 16/16 455 vahI- 16/16 456 purANoM meM jainadharma, sAdhvI DaoN. caraNaprabhA, pR. 138 457 ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH / - pAtaMjalayogasUtra -2/30 458 aparigrahasthairye janmakathantA saMbodhaH / - vahI- 2/39 459 sukka mUle jahA rUkkhe, siccamANe Na rohati / For Personal & Private Use Only

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244 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isI prakAra, purANa bhI parigraha kI mUla bhAvanA Asakti (tRSNA) ke tyAjya batalAte haiN| unake anusAra, agni meM IMdhana DAlane ke samAna hai viSayopabhoga se tRSNA kabhI zAMta nahIM hotii| bhUmaNDala para jitane bhI dhAnya svarNa, pazu, striyA~ Adi haiM, ve saba eka manuSya ke lie bhI tRptikAraka narha haiN| kAmanAoM ke tyAga se hI mAnava samRddha hotA hai| keza, daMta, cakSu karNa-sabhI ke jIrNa ho jAne para bhI bur3hApe meM tRSNA hI taruNa rUpa se rahatI hai| manuSya kA svabhAva aisA hotA hai ki jisake pAsa sau rupae hote haiM, vaha sahasra kI icchA karatA hai, sahasra vAlA lakSa kA adhipati honA cAhatA hai, lakSAdhipati eka vizAla rAjya prApta karane kI icchA rakhatA hai, rAjA cakravartI samrATa banane kI lAlasA rakhatA hai, cakravartI bhI devapada tathA devapada kI prApti ke bAda indrapada kI cAha rakhatA hai, kintu indrapada milane ke bAda bhI tRSNA zAMta nahIM hotI hai|401 isa prakAra, hama kaha sakate haiM ki parigraha kA mUla svarUpa Asakti aura tRSNA se jur3A huA hai| jaba taka vyAvahArika rUpa meM Asakti, mUrchA yA tRSNA samApta nahIM hotI, taba taka jIva parigraha-saMjJA se yukta banA rahatA hai| pAzcAtya-vicAraka mahAtmA TAlasTAya ne bhI How Much Land does a man needs nAmaka kahAnI meM eka aisA hI sundara rUpaka khIMcA hai| kahAnI kA sArAMza yaha hai ki kathAnAyaka bhUmi kI asIma tRSNA ke pIche apane jIvana kI bAjI lagA detA hai, kintu anta meM usake dvArA upalabdha kie gae vistRta bhU-bhAga meM kevala usake zava ko daphanAne jitanA bhU-bhAga hI usake upayoga meM AtA hai|462 461 evaM kammA na rohaMti, mohaNijje khyNgte|| - dazAzrutaskandha- 5/14 100 jIryantaH kezA dantA cakSuH zrotazca jAyete tRSNaikA niruupdrvaa| -liMgapurANa 1, zloka 21-22, pR. 410 icchati zati sahastraM sahastrI lkssmiihte| kartulakSAdhipatI rAjyaM, rAjye'pi sakalacakravartitvam / / cakradharo'pi suratvaM suratvalAbhe sakalasurapatitvam / bhavituM surapatirUz2agAtatvaM tathApi na nivartate tRSNA / / garUr3apurANa (2), 2/14-15, pR. 254 462 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra-darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 238 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 245 jisa prakAra agni meM ghRta DAlane se agni zAnta nahIM hotI, usI prakAra parigraha se tRSNA zAnta nahIM hotI, varan bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| tRSNA aura parigraha kI agni kevala tyAga ke dvArA hI zAnta ho sakatI hai| parigraha ke svarUpa kI vistRta vivecanA ke pazcAt parigraha ke lakSaNa ke bAre meM vivecanA kreNge| parigraha kA lakSaNa - lakSaNa, arthAt cihna yA phcaan| jo dharma athavA guNa jisa vastu kA kahalAtA hai, vaha usameM pUrNataH vyApya ho, usake sivAya anya kisI bhI vastu meM saMbhava na ho, vaha lakSaNa kahalAtA hai| nyAya kI bhASA meM kaheM, to 'asAdhAraNadharmatvam lakSaNasya lakSaNam', jo vastu-vizeSa kA asAdhAraNa dharma hai tathA avyApti, ati vyApti aura asambhava doSa se rahita ho, aise zabdoM kA samUha lakSaNa kahalAtA hai, jaise -jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya tathA upayoga-ye jIva ke lakSaNa haiN| 463 jahA~-jahA~ jIva hai, vahA~-vahA~ jJAnAdi guNa haiM, usI prakAra jahA~-jahA~ tRSNA, mUrchA aura Asakti hai, vahA~-vahA~ parigraha hai| amRtacaMdrAcArya viracita 'puruSArthasiddhayupAya' graMtha meM parigraha kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kahA gayA hai -"jo mUrchA hai, vaha hI parigraha samajhanA cAhie aura mUrchA mohanIyakarma ke udaya se utpanna hotI hai| 404 bAhyAbhyantara-parigraha ke prati mamatva evaM usake rakSaNa Adi ke jo vyApAra haiM, unhIM ko mUrchA kahate haiN| gAya, bhaiMsa, maNi, muktA Adi cetana-acetana bAhya-parigraha aura rAgadveSAdi abhyantara-parigraha ke saMrakSaNa, arjana Adi kI pravRtti ko mUrchA kahate haiN|. Abhyantara-mamatvarUpI pariNAma yA bhAva ko mUrchA kahate haiM, yahI parigraha hai| bAhya-parigraha isalie parigraha kahalAtA hai, kyoMki usameM, 'yaha merA hai -isa prakAra kA vicAra yA bhAva hotA hai| bAhya-parigraha sadA mUrchA kA nimitta kAraNa hone se, yA, yaha merA hai- aise mamatvabhAva se yukta hone se parigraha kahalAtA hai| 465 navatattvaprakaraNa, gAthA-5 464 yA mUrchA nAmeyaM vijJAtavyaH parigraho hoSaH / mohodayAdudIrNo mUrchA tu mamatvapariNAmaH / / - purUSArthasiddhayupAya, gAthA-111 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki parigraha kA mUla lakSaNa mUrcchA aura saMgrahavRtti hai / icchA aura mUrcchA se bharA hamArA mana jahAM taka jAtA hai, vahAM taka saba kucha parigraha ho jAtA hai| jisake mana meM para padArthoM ke prati icchA hai, mUrcchA kA bhAva hai, usake lie sArA saMsAra parigraha hai| jisake mana meM aisA mamatva yA mUrcchA-bhAva nikala gayA hai, saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI, saMsAra usakA parigraha nahIM hai| kahA gayA hai-, 246 mUrcchAcchanna dhiyAM sarva jagadeva parigrahaH / mUrcchAyAM rahitAnAM tu jagadevA'parigrahaH / / ' 465 Aja parigraha kI mUrcchA ke kAraNa asaMtoSI manuSya aneka varjita dizAoM meM jA rahA hai| dhana ke mada se nita naI cAha rakhane vAlA apane parivAra yA parijanoM meM koI navInatA nahIM dekha pAtA / usakI dRSTi kahIM anyatra hotI hai| jahA~ vyabhicAra ke avasara nahIM haiM, vahAM bhI mAnasika - vyabhicAra nirantara cala rahA hai / jIvana tanAvoM meM kasatA calA jA rahA hai aura jisake pAsa jo kucha bhI hai, vaha usameM saMtuSTa nahIM hai / saMsAra ke kisI bhI padArtha ko leM, kisI bhI upalabdhi para vicAra kara leM, jise vaha prApta nahIM hai, vaha use pAne ke lie duHkhI hai, parantu jise vaha prApta hai, vaha bhI sukhI nahIM hai| vaha to kisI aura padArtha ke lie apane mana meM AkarSaNa pAla rahA hai| usI lAlasA ke kAraNa parigraha aura saMcayavRtti bar3ha rahI hai aura yahI vRtti parigraha hai, mUrcchA hai / 466 'praznavyAkaraNasUtra' meM parigraha ke guNaniSpanna arthAt vAstavika artha ko prakaTa karane vAle nimna tIsa nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai 1. parigraha zarIra, dhana, dhAnya Adi bAhya-padArthoM ko mamatvabhAva se grahaNa karanA / 2. saMcaya - kisI bhI vastu ko adhika mAtrA meM grahaNa karanA / vastuoM ko juTAnA, ekatra karanA / 3. caya 4. upacaya- prApta padArthoM kI vRddhi karanA, bar3hAte jAnA / 466 465 mAnavatA kI dhurI, nIraja jaina, pR. 94 praznavyAkaraNasUtra 5/94 - -- 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 247 5. nidhAna - dhana ko bhUmi meM gAr3akara rakhanA, tijorI meM rakhanA, yA baiMka ___meM jamA karavAkara rakhanA, dabAkara rakha lenaa| 6. sambhAra - dhAnya Adi vastuoM ko adhika mAtrA meM bhara kara rkhnaa| ___vastra Adi ko peTiyoM meM bhara kara rkhnaa| 7. saMkara - saMkara kA sAmAnya artha hai -mizraNa krnaa| yahA~ isakA vizeSa abhiprAya hai -mUlyavAn padArthoM meM alpamUlya vastu milAkara adhika dhana arjita krnaa| 8. Adara - parapadArthoM meM Adarabuddhi rkhnaa| zarIra, dhana Adi ko atyanta prItibhAva se saMbhAlanA-saMvAranA aadi| 9. piNDa - kisI padArtha ko yA vibhinna padArthoM ko ekatrita krnaa| 10. dravyasAra - dravya arthAt dhana ko hI sArabhUta smjhnaa| dhana ko prANoM se bhI adhika mAnakara prANoM ko saMkaTa meM DAlakara bhI dhana ke lie yatnazIla rhnaa| 11. mahecchA - asIma icchA yA asIma icchA kA kaarnn| 12. pratibaMdha - kisI padArtha ke sAtha baMdha jAnA yA jakar3a jAnA, jaise bhramara sugandha ke lAlaca meM kamala ko bhedana karane kI zakti hone para bhI bheda nahIM sakatA, koza meM baMda ho jAtA hai aura kabhI-kabhI mRtyu kA grAsa bana jAtA hai, isI prakAra strI, dhana Adi ke moha meM jakar3a jAnA, use cAhakara bhI chor3a na paanaa| 13. lobhAtmA - lobha kA svabhAva, lobharUpa mnovRtti| 14. mahaddikA - mahatI AkAMkSA athavA yaacnaavRtti| 15. upakaraNa - jIvanopayogI sAdhana-sAmagrI kI sNcyvRtti| vAstavika AvazyakatA kA vicAra na karake atyadhika sAdhana-sAmagrI ekatra krnaa| .. 16. saMrakSaNA - prApta padArthoM kA AsaktipUrvaka saMrakSaNa krnaa| 17. bhAra - parigraha jIvana ke lie bhArabhUta hai, ataeva use 'bhAra' nAma __ diyA gayA hai| 18. saMpAtotpAdaka - nAnA prakAra ke saMkalpoM-vikalpoM kA utpAdaka, aneka anarthoM evaM upadravoM kA janaka / For Personal & Private Use Only

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248 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 19. kalikaraNDa - kalaha kA pittaaraa| parigraha kalaha, yuddha, baira, virodha, saMgharSa Adi kA pramukha kAraNa hai, ataeva ise kalaha kA piTArA nAma diyA gayA hai| 20. pravistara - dhana-dhAnya Adi kA vistAra bhI parigraha hai| 21. anartha - parigraha nAnAvidha anarthoM kA pradhAna kAraNa hai| 22. saMstava - saMstava kA artha hai -ati paricayaM yA acchA maannaa| yaha vRtti moha aura Asakti ko bar3hAtI hai| . 23. agupti - apanI icchAoM yA kAmanAoM kA gopana na karanA, una para niyantraNa na rakhakara unheM svacchanda chor3a denaa| 24. AyAsa - AyAsa kA artha hai - kheda yA pryaas| parigraha juTAne ke lie mAnasika aura zArIrika-kheda hotA hai, prayAsa karanA par3atA hai| . 25. aviyoga- vibhinna padArthoM ke rUpa meM dhana, makAna yA dukAna Adi ke rUpa meM jo parigraha ekatra kiyA hai, use bichur3ane na denaa| camar3I calI jAe, para damar3I na jAe -aisI vRtti aviyoga hai| 26. amukti - mukti arthAt nirlobhatA, usakA na honA, arthAta lobha kI vRtti honaa| yaha mAnasika bhAva-parigraha hai| 27. tRSNA - aprApta padArthoM kI lAlasA aura prApta vastuoM kI buddhi kI abhilASA tRSNA hai, tRSNA parigraha kA mUla hai| 28. anarthaka - isakA tAtparya hai - nirrthk| pAramArthika-hita yA sukha ke lie parigraha nirarthaka aura nirupayogI hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha vAstavika hita aura sukha ke lie bAdhaka hai| 29. Asakti - mamatA, mUrchA, gRddhi Adi parigraharUpa haiN| 30. asaMtoSa-asaMtoSa bhI parigraha kA eka rUpa hai, jisakA tAtparya hai -mana meM bAhya-padArthoM ke prati santuSTi na honaa| bhale hI padArtha na hoM, parantu antasa meM yadi asantoSa hai, to bhI parigraha hai| ataH, "mucchA pariggaho vuttoM' -isa Agamokti ke anusAra, mamatvapUrvaka grahaNa kie jAne vAle dhana-dhAnya, mahala-makAna, kuTumba-parivAra, yahA~ taka ki zarIra bhI parigraha hai| isa prakAra ye tIsa nAma parigraha ke haiN| zAnti, santoSa, samAdhi aura Anandamaya jIvana yApana karane vAloM ko parigraha ke ina rUpoM ko bhalIbhAMti samajha kara tyAganA caahie| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana meM parigraha ke prakAra jaina - AcAryoM ke anusAra, vyakti jaba taka sAMsArika - vastuoM aura unase utpanna sukhoM kI ora udAsInatA kI bhAvanA nahIM lAtA hai, taba taka naitika aura AdhyAtmika - jIvana kI zurUAta nahIM ho sakatI hai, isalie parigraha ke tyAga evaM nivRtti kI bhAvanA Avazyaka hai| vastutaH parigraha dhana aura sampatti taka hI sImita nahIM hai| manuSya kA apane ghara, parivAra tathA saMbaMdhita vastuoM ke prati itanA adhika moha bar3ha jAtA hai ki vaha una sabako apanI saMpatti samajha letA hai, isalie parigraha ke prakAroM ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai, tAki unakA tyAga kara vaha apane lakSya kI ora bar3ha ske| - jaina - zAstroM meM sirpha bAhya-padArthoM ko hI parigraha nahIM mAnA gayA hai, apitu ina bhAvanAoM, icchAoM aura AvegoM - saMvegoM Adi ko bhI parigraha mAnA gayA hai| jinake kAraNa mAnava kI dharma-sAdhanA, naitikatA aura naitika AcAra, vicAra, vyavahAra meM tanika bhI vyavadhAna par3atA hai, ve sabhI parigraha haiN| isa dRSTikoNa se parigraha ke do bheda haiM aMtaraMga - parigraha aura bAhya-parigraha | bhagavatIsUtra meM parigraha ke tIna bheda batAe haiM 467 1. karma - parigraha rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara aSTa prakAra ke kAryoM ko grahaNa karanA karma - parigraha hai / 3. bAhya bhAMDa - parigraha se parigraha rUpa ho jAte haiM / 2. zarIra - parigraha vizva meM jitane bhI jIva haiM, ve sabhI zarIradhArI haiN| yaha zarIra bhI parigraha hai, kyoMki isake prati mamatva-vRtti se parigraha utpanna ho jAtA hai| - - 249 bAhya-vastu aura padArtha bhI mamattvavRtti 467 kamma paggihe, sarIra pariggahe, vAhira bhaMDamatta pariggahe / 1 ye tInoM isalie parigraha haiM, kyoMki ye jIva ke dvArA grahaNa kie jAte haiN| ye rAga-dveSa kI abhivRddhi karate haiM, Asakti ke kAraNa banate haiM, isalie inheM parigraha kahate haiM / bhagavatIsUtra - 18/7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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250 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva antaraMga-parigraha - AtmA ke ve pariNAma, jo karmabandha yA mUrchA Adi ke pratyakSa hetu haiM, ve aMtaraMga-parigraha haiN| yadyapi ye bAhara se dRSTigocara nahIM hote, kintu antarmAnasa meM cora kI taraha chipe rahate haiN| praznavyAkaraNasUtra 468 meM aMtaraMga-parigraha kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA hai- lAlasA, tRSNA, icchA, AzA aura mUrchA- ye sabhI asaMyamarUpa aMtaraMga-pariMgraha haiN| inhIM ke kAraNa bAhya-parigraha kA saMcaya hotA hai| aMtaraMga-parigraha ke mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura azubha yoga -ye pAMca kAraNa batAe haiN|469 Agama ke vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM parigraha ke bheda-prabhedoM kI vicAra-carcA karate hue caudaha aMtaraMga-parigraha batAe gae haiN|470 mithyAtva, rAga, dveSa, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA aura veda - ye antaraMga-parigraha ke caudaha bheda haiN| kahIM-kahIM para rAga-dveSa ko kaSAya meM sammilita kara veda ke strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda- ye tIna bheda kie haiN| vastutaH, mithyAtva aura kaSAya -ye kaluSita cittavRttiyA~ haiM, jo anAdikAla se AtmA ke sAtha lagI haiM aura unhIM ke kAraNa mUrchA karatA huA AtmA karmabaMdhana (parigraha) karatA hai| bAhya-parigraha - jaba aMtaraMga meM parigrahavRtti hotI hai, tabhI bAhya-vastuoM ko grahaNa karane kI abhilASA mana meM utpanna hotI hai| jaise padArtha agaNita haiM, vaise 469 468 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, zrI madhukara muni, pR. 145 409 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, vRtti-761, sanmati jJAnapITha prakAzana (ka) praznavyAkaraNa TIkA, pR. 451 (kha) koho mANo mAyA, lobho, pejjaM taheva doso a / micchati veda arai, rai hAso sAgo bhaya-duguMchA / / -- bRhattakalpabhASya -931 (ga) micchata-veda rAgA, hAsAdi bhayA hoti chadIsA / cattAri taha kasAyA, coddasaM abbhaMtarA gaMthA / / ---- pratikramaNatrayI, pR. 175 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 251 hI parigraha ke bheda bhI agaNita ho sakate haiM, para saMkSepa meM AcArya haribhadra71 ne nau bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa72 ne bAhya parigraha ke dasa bheda batAe haiN| AcArya haribhadra dvArA varNita nau bheda kramazaH isa prakAra haiM - 1. kSetra - kheta yA bhUmi aadi| 2. vAstu - rahane ke lie makAna, dukAna aadi| 3. hiraNya - cAMdI ke sikke, AbhUSaNa Adi / 4. svarNa - svarNa aura svarNa ke AbhUSaNa aadi| 5. dhana - hIre, panne, mANaka, motI, javAharAta aadi| 6. dhAnya - gehU~, cAvala, mUMga, moTha aadi| 7. dvipada - naukara-naukarAnI, dAsa-dAsI aadi| bahuta-se loga totA, mainA, kabUtara, mora Adi pakSI bhI pAla lete haiN| do paira vAle hone se inakI gaNanA bhI parigraha ke isI bheda meM hotI hai| 8. catuSpada - gAya, bhaiMsa, Adi cAra paira vAle pazu / 9. kupya - vastra, palaMga aura anya vividha prakAra kI dhAtuoM kA sAmAna aadi| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke anusAra dasa bheda isa prakAra haiM- kSetra, vastu, dhana, dhAnya, saMcaya (tRNa, kASTha Adi kA) mitrajJAtisaMyoga (parivAra), yAna (vAhana), zayanAsana (palaMga, pITha Adi), dAsa-dAsI aura kupya / kahIM-kahIM dvipada-catuSpada ko eka ginakara dAsa-dAsI ko pRthaka kiyA hai aura kahIM-kahIM dhAtu -cAMdI, tAMbA, pItala, lohA Adi ko pRthak-pRthak bhI gina liyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki parigraha ke kaI AyAma haiN| 473 yaha 'jar3a' yA 'cetana' ho sakatA hai| jIva kA parigraha cetana-parigraha hai, jabaki ajIva kA 47] Avazyaka haribhadrIyavRtti, a. 6 472 (ka) khettaM vatthu dhaNa-dhanna saMcao mittaNAI sNjoge| jANa-sayaNAsaNANi ya, dAsI-dAsa ca kuvvayaM c|| -- bRhatkalpabhASya - 825 __(kha) vaMditusUtra, gAthA-18 473 dekheM, da kansaipTa oNpha paMcazIla (uparyukta), DaoN. kamala jaina, pR. 224-225 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #258
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva parigraha jar3a-parigraha hai| parigraha 'rUpI' yA 'arUpI' ho sakatA hai| dRzya vastuoM kA saMcaya rUpI - parigraha hai, jabaki adRzya vastuoM (jaise -vicAra, bhAva Adi) kA parigrahaNa arUpI - parigraha hai| isI prakAra, parigraha 'sthUla yA aNu' ho sakatA hai| sUkSma vastuoM kA parigraha aNu - parigraha hai tathA sthUla vastuoM kA parigraha sthUla - parigraha kahalAtA hai, kintu parigraha ke bhedoM kI sarvAdhika evaM mahattvapUrNa vidyA 'bAhya' aura 'AbhyaMtara' ke bheda meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| jaba mana meM mUrcchA hotI hai, to usa mUrcchA se, cAhe jar3a-cetana, rUpI-arUpI, sthUla- aNu, kisI bhI prakAra kI vastu ho, usakA saMgraha karanA parigraha kahalAtA hai| parigraha yA saMcayavRtti ke duSpariNAma - eka bAra jambUsvAmI ne Arya sudharmA se pUchA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM baMdhana kyA hai aura use kaise tor3A jA sakatA hai ? Arya sudharmA ne uttara diyA parigraha baMdhana hai474 aura baMdhana kA hetu hai - mamatva" / prastuta prasaMga meM baMdhana ke hetu ke rUpa meM pahalA sthAna parigraha ko diyA gayA hai, hiMsA ko usake bAda meM rakhA gayA hai| isase bhI spaSTa hai ki sabhI AzravoM meM parigraha ko gurutara Asrava yA bandhana kA hetu mAnA gayA hai| 476 252 - vastutaH, jainadarzana meM 'artha' ko hI moTe taura para parigraha mAna liyA gayA hai aura kula milAkara parigraha kA yA to pUrNa niSedha kiyA gayA hai ( munidharma), athavA use maryAdita (sImita) karane ko kahA gayA hai (gRhasthadharma) / vyakti kA jaba taka bhautika jagat se sambandha hotA hai, use apane jIvana-nirvAha ke lie bhautika saMsAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai, parantu jaba ye hI AvazyakatAeM Asakti meM badala jAtI haiM, to eka ora saMgraha hotA hai tathA dUsarI ora saMgraha kI lAlasA bar3hatI jAtI hai / isI se samAja meM Arthika viSamatA kA bIja par3atA hai| eka ora saMgraha ( parigraha ) bar3hatA hai, to dUsarI ora garIbI bar3hatI jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa, Arthika viSamatAoM ke kAraNa samAja meM kaI duSpariNAma 474 uktaM hi - " Arambhaparigrahau bandhahetu " ye'pi ca rAgAdayaH te'pi nArambhaparigrahAvantareNa bhavantIti, tena tAveva vA garIyAMsAviti tatrApi parigrahanimittaM ArambhaH kriyata iti kRtvA sa eva garIyastvAt pUrvamupadizyate / - sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, pR. 21-22 1/1/2-3 475 476 sUtrakRtAMga vahI - 1/1/4 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #259
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dikhAI dete haiN| kalikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcAryaracita yogazAstra meM kahA gayA hai - "isa parigraha meM trasareNu (sUkSma rajakaNa) jitane bhI koI guNa nahIM haiM; balki usameM parvata jitane bar3e-bar3e doSa paidA hote haiN| 477 dharmakArya ke lie bhI parigraha kI icchA karanA ucita nahIM hai| paira ko kIcar3a meM DAlakara bAda meM use dhone ke bajAya pahale hI kIcar3a kA sparza na karanA acchA hai, kyoMki koI vyakti svarNamaNi ratnamaya sopAnoM aura hajAroM khaMbhevAlA tathA svarNamaya bhUmitalayukta jinamandira banavAtA hai, usase, arthAt puNyabaMdha ke kArya se bhI adhika phala tapa-saMyama yA vratAcaraNa kA hotA hai| saMbodhasattara meM bhI isI bAta kI puSTi kI gaI hai| parigraha yA saMcayavRtti ke duSpariNAma nimna haiM 1. parigraha hiMsA kA kAraNa hotA hai| 2. parigraha duHkha, asaMtoSa aura baMdha kA kAraNa hotA hai| 3. saMcayavRtti eka sAmAjika aparAdha hai / 4. varga-saMgharSa kA kAraNa parigraha hai / 477 5 dezoM meM yuddha kA kAraNa bhI parigraha hai| 6. parigraha ke kAraNa se bhogavRtti ko bar3hAvA milatA hai| 7. garIbI kI khAI caur3I ho jAtI hai / 478 1. parigraha hiMsA kA kAraNa kevala hatyA yA raktapAta karanA hI hiMsA nahIM hai, parigraha bhI hiMsA hI hai, kyoMki hiMsA ke binA parigraha karanA asaMbhava haiN| 478 saMgraha ke dvArA dUsaroM ke hitoM kA hanana hotA hai aura isa rUpa meM parigraha bhI hiMsA hI hai / AcArya zaMkara ne kahA hai- "arthamanartha bhAvaya nityaM", artha anarthakArI hai, usa para cintana kro| maraNasamAdhi meM bhI kahA gayA hai - artha anarthoM kA 8. vijJApanoM ke mAdhyama se galata jAnakArI dekara sampatti - arjana kI pravRtti balavatI hotI hai / -- trasareNusamo'pyatra na guNaH ko'pi vidyate / doSAstu parvatasthUlAH prAduHSyanti parigrahe / / AraMbhapUrvako parigrahaH / - sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi- 1 /2/2 253 yogazAstra - 2/108 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #260
254 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva mUla hai|479 artha kI tRSNA ne kitanA anartha kiyA hai ? artha ke pIche pAgala banakara putra ne pitA kI hatyA kI, bhAI ne bhAI kA khUna kiyA, eka rASTra ne dUsare rASTra para AkramaNa kiyA, hajAroM niraparAdha vyaktiyoM ke khUna kI holI khelI gaI, hajAroM striyA~ asamaya meM vidhavA huIM, hajAroM mAtAeM putroM ke binA bilakhatI rhiiN| artha ke anartha kI kahAnI itanI lambI hai ki yadi usa bAta kA vistRta rUpa meM varNana kareM, to pRSTha-ke-pRSTha bhara sakate haiN| AvazyakatA se adhika saMcaya mAnava ko mAnava nahIM rahane detA, vaha usI mAnava kA haraNa kara letA hai tathA jisa mAnava meM mAnavatA nahIM hai, vaha dAnava ke samAna hai| yaha dAnava-vRtti hI hiMsA hai| dhana vyakti kA gyArahavA~ prANa hai, ataH dhana kA saMcaya hiMsA hai| AcArya mahAprajJajI na kevala adhyAtma ke lie, apitu svastha sAmAjika-jIvana jIne ke lie visarjana ko anivArya mAnate haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki hiMsA se bhI adhika jaTila haiparigraha kI smsyaa| vartamAna yuga kI samasyAoM ko dekhate hue aparigraha para adhika bala denA jarUrI hai| 'ahiMsA paramodharmaH' ke sAtha-sAtha 'aparigrahaH paramodharmaH -isa ghoSa kA prabala honA jarUrI hai| jisa dina 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ke sAtha 'aparigrahaH paramo dharmaH' kA svara bulanda hogA, vizva kI adhikAMza samasyAoM kA samAdhAna upalabdha ho jAegA," 480 isalie aparigraha kA vicAra aura AcAra kevala paramArtha-sAdhanA kA viSaya nahIM hai, apitu vyaktigata jIvana ke sacce sukha, svasthya samAja-saMracanA ke lie Avazyaka hai| 2. parigraha- duHkha, asaMtoSa aura baMdha kA kAraNa - saMcayavRtti aura parigraha kitanA bhI kara lo, phira bhI asaMtoSa hI rahatA hai| dhana kitanA bhI mila jAe, phira bhI tupti nahIM hotI hai, isalie vaha duHkha kA kAraNa hai| mUrchA vAle ko atyadhika dhana mila jAe, phira bhI saMtoSa nahIM hotA, balki vaha uttarottara adhika-se-adhika dhana milane kI AzA hI karatA hai aura duHkhI hotA hai| dUsare kI adhika sampatti dekhakara apanI kama sampatti meM asaMtoSa mAnane se duHkha hI hotA hai| avizvAsa bhI duHkha kA kAraNa hai| apane dvArA saMcita dhana kI rakSA karane hetu use kisI para bhI vizvAsa nahIM hotA hai, isalie vaha rAta ko bhI sukha se nahIM sotA aura dina ko bhI caina se nahIM rhtaa| vaha apane saMcita dhana ko gobara Adi 479 attho mUlaM anntthaannN| - maraNasamAdhi - 603 480 astitva aura ahiMsA, AcArya mahAprajJajI, pR. 63 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #261
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva se lIpakara chipAtA hai| dhana ke lie vaha aneka kRtya karatA hai| rizvata lenA yA denA, jhUThI sAkSI denA yA dilAnA, jhUTha bolanA ityAdi kRtya parigraha ke lie kie jAte haiN| yogazAstra 481 meM kahA gayA hai duHkha ke kAraNarUpa asaMtoSa, avizvAsa aura Arambha ko bhI parigrahavRtti kA phala mAnakara parigraha para niyaMtraNa karanA caahie| samayasAra 182 me bhI parigraha ko baMdha kA kAraNa mAnA hai / 481 3. saMcayavRtti - eka sAmAjika aparAdha dhana se jahAM taka hamArI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hotI ho, usI sImA taka vaha hamAre lie upayogI hai| isI prakAra, AvazyakatA se adhika dhana kA bhI koI upayoga nahIM hai| kauTilya ne apane arthazAstra meM utanI hI sampatti saMkalita karane ko ucita ThaharAyA hai, jitane se hamAre sAMsArika dAyitvoM kA bhalI prakAra se nirvAha ho ske| adhika parigraha aura vastuoM kA adhika mAtrA meM saMcaya eka sAmAjika- aparAdha mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai - "jahA~ taka udarapUrti kA prazna hai, yA daihika AvazyakatA kI pUrti kA prazna hai, vahA~ padArthoM ke upabhoga kA adhikAra pratyeka vyakti ko hai, lekina jo AvazyakatA se adhika kA saMcaya karatA hai, vaha cora hai| 183 dUsare prANiyoM ko upabhoga se vaMcita karake jo saMgraha karatA hai, vaha anaitika hai, sAmAjika - aparAdha hai, kyoMki usameM kahIM-na-kahIM hiMsA kA bhAva aura parigraha kI vRtti jur3I huI hai| jaina - manovaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki AvazyakatA kI pUrti to kI jAe, para usakI eka maryAdA ho / sArvajanika sar3aka para calane kA adhikAra sabako hai, parantu dUsare ke mArga ko avaruddha karane yA Takkara mArane kA adhikAra kisI ko bhI nahIM / yahI bAta saMcayavRtti / parigraha - saMjJA para bhI lAgU hotI hai aura isakA ullaMghana sAmAjika aparAdha hai| 484 asantoSamavizvAsamArambhaM duHkhakAraNam, matvA mUrcchAphalaM kuryAt parigraha - niyaMtraNam / evamaliye adatte ababhacere pariggahe ceva / kIrai ajjhavasANaM jaM teNa du vajjhae pAvaM || taha viya sacce datte babhe apariggahattaNe ceva / kIradi ajjhavasAvaM jaM teNa du vajjhade puNNaM / / bhAgavata - 6 /14/8 - 484 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina se vaiyaktika carcA ke AdhAra para 482 483 yogazAstra, gAthA 106 -- samayasAra, gAthA. 263-264 (baMdha) For Personal & Private Use Only 255

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256 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 4. varga-saMgharSa Arthika vikAsa ke sAre prayatna kevala icchApUrti ke lie, yA kevala vilAsitA ke lie nahIM hote| jo manuSya Arthika vikAsa karatA hai, usakA eka dRSTikoNa hotA hai- suvidhaa| vyakti ko suvidhA cAhie, isalie vaha artha kA saMgraha karatA hai| isa kAraNa, samAja tIna vargoM meM baMTa jAtA hai- 1. amIra-varga, 2. madhyama-varga, 3. sAmAnya vrg| amIra-varga ke loga apanI sukhasuvidhA ke lie AlIzAna baMgale, gAr3I, AbhUSaNa Adi ke lie dhana kA saMcaya karate haiN| madhyama varga ke vyakti apanA stara sudhArane ke prayAsa se dhana ke saMcaya meM rata rahate haiM, vahIM garIba/ sAmAnya logoM kI AvazyakatA mAtra roTI, kapar3A aura makAna taka hI sImita ho jAtI hai| ve AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie artha kA prayoga karate haiN| ... vastutaH dekhA jAe, to Arthika-viSamatA kA mUla kAraNa saMgraha-bhAvanA hI hai| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki abhAva ke kAraNa saMgraha kI cAha utpanna hotI hai, lekina vastusthiti kucha aura hI hai| jIvana jIne ke lie abhAvoM kI pUrti sambhava hai, lekina kRtrima abhAva kI pUrti saMbhava nhiiN| upAdhyAya amaramunijI likhate haiM -garIbI svayaM meM koI samasyA nahIM, kintu amIroM ne use samasyA banA diyA hai| gaDDhA svayaM meM koI samasyA nahIM hai, kintu pahAr3oM kI asIma U~cAIyoM ne isa dharatI para jagaha-jagaha gaDDhe paidA kara die haiN| pahAr3a TUTeMge, to gaDDhe apane-Apa bhara jaaeNge| sampatti kA visarjana hogA, to garIbI apane-Apa dUra ho jaaegii| 485 vastutaH, AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki vyakti meM parigraha ke visarjana kI bhAvanA udbhUta ho| parigraha ke visarjana se hI vargasaMgharSa samApta ho sakatA hai| jaba taka saMgrahavRtti samApta nahI hotI, Arthika-samAnatA nahIM A sakatI hai| 5. yuddha kA kAraNa - parigraha - Aja vizva ke cAroM ora jo azAnti ke bAdala maMDarA rahe haiM aura manuSya-manuSya ke bIca jo baira-virodha bar3ha rahA hai, yadi usake kAraNoM para gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAe, to mUla meM parigraha aura ananta icchAe~ haiN| vyakti apane mAtra sAr3he tIna hAtha ke zarIra kI suvidhA ke lie duniyAbhara ke parigraha ko apane ghara meM jamA karatA hai| Aja dekhA jAtA hai ki hara 485 jainaprakAza , 8 apraila 1969, pR. 11 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #263
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ghara meM bhAI-bhAI meM, par3osI - par3osI meM tathA rASTroM ke bIca tanAva aura vaimanasya banA rahatA hai / sarvatra daMge aura phasAda hote hI rahate haiM / nyAyAlayoM meM abhI jitane abhiyoga vicArAdhIna haiM, usameM se adhikAMza ke mUla meM parigraha hI hai| astra-zastroM kA parigraha yuddha kA mUla kAraNa hai| deza kI surakSA aura zAnti ke lie zastra rakhe jAte haiM, parantu zastroM kI saMgrahavRtti kI pratispardhA itanI bar3ha gaI hai ki saMpUrNa pRthvI bArUda ke Dhera para TikI hai, kisI bhI rASTra ne apane zastroM ke bhaNDAra kA prayoga kiyA, to kucha hI samaya meM saMpUrNa sRSTi naSTa ho sakatI hai| hiTalara, nepoliyana, musolinI ne sAmrAjya lipsA ke kAraNa yuddha kiyaa| isake kAraNa yUropa aura rUsa kI bhUmi raktaraMjita huI, bhISaNa narasaMhAra huA, lAkhoM bacce anAtha hue, lAkhoM nAriyoM kI mAMga kA sindUra miTa gayA, lAkhoM niraparAdha vyakti binA mauta mAre gae, araboM kI sampatti svAhA ho gii| bamoM dvArA mAnava - saMhAra kA kaisA vIbhatsa dRzya upasthita ho gayA? agara mUla meM dekhA jAe, to saMcayavRtti kI cAha aura parigraha ke kAraNa hI mahAyuddha hue / 6. parigraha ke kAraNa bhogavRtti bar3hanA 486 sukha (bhoga) kA arthI saMgraha meM pravRtta hotA hai / jo sukha kA arthI hotA hai, vaha bAra-bAra sukha kI kAmanA karatA hai| isa prakAra, vaha apane dvArA kRta kAmanA kI vyathA se mUDha hokara viparyAsa ko prApta hotA hai / sukha kA arthI hokara duHkha ko prApta hotA hai| bhUkha se koI na mare, isa vyavasthA meM varttamAna yuga saphala huA hai, kintu muTThIbhara logoM ke saMgraha ne asaMkhya logoM ko garIbI kA jIvana jIne ke lie vivaza kara diyA hai| dUsarI samasyA yaha hai ki atisaMgraha vAle bhogavilAsa evaM aizo-ArAma kA jIvana vyatIta kara rahe haiM, kintu dinoM-dina ati sampanna loga hI mAnasika tanAva, bhaya aura AtaMka kA jIvana jI rahe haiN| dharma unake jIvana se khatma hotA jA rahA hai aura bhoga-vilAsa meM unakA samaya adhika vyatIta ho rahA hai| "jiMsa prakAra sampattizAlI vyakti ko jaMgala meM cora lUTa lete haiM, usI prakAra saMsArarUpI araNya meM prANI ko zabdAdi - viSayarUpI luTere saMyamarUpI sarvasva lUTakara bhikhArI banA dete haiN| isI taraha, Aga lagane para adhika parigraha vAlA bhAgakara jhaTapaTa nikala nahIM sakatA, vaise hI saMsArarUpI aTavI meM rahe hue puruSa ko kAmarUpI agni jalA detI hai / strIrUpI zikArI use saMsAra kI mohamAyA ke jAla meM phaMsA letI haiM, usa 486 - suhaTTI lAlappamANe saeNa dukkheNa mUDhe vippariyAsamuvedi / AcArAMgasUtra - 2 / 6'151 For Personal & Private Use Only 257

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258 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva parigrahI yAtrI ko saMyamamArga para Age bar3hane nahIM detii| bhogavRtti ke kAraNa usakI durgati ho jAtI hai| vilAsitA kevala bhoga kA poSaNa hai| isameM kAma aura ahaM- donoM vRttiyA~ nihita haiN| vilAsitA meM manuSya ko kucha patA nahIM hotA, kevala saMgaha aura artha hI bacatA hai| vilAsitA na hamArI AvazyakatA hai, na anivAryatA, na suvidhA hai, na korA mnorNjn| vaha kevala bhogavRtti kA ucchRkhala rUpa hai| 7. garIbI kI khAI caur3I ho jAnA parigraha ke arjana, saMgraha aura visarjana sabhI sIdhe-sIdhe samAja ko prabhAvita karate haiN| arjana sAmAjika aura Arthika-pragati ko prabhAvita karatA hai, to saMgraha artha ke samavitaraNa ko prabhAvita karatA hai| isa kAraNa, amIra varga meM saMgrahavRtti ke kAraNa garIbI kI khAI caur3I hotI jA rahI hai| amIra, amIra banatA jA rahA hai aura garIba varga maMhagAI tathA apanI nijI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karane ke lie niraMtara kar3A parizrama kara rahA hai, phira bhI, saMgraha aura zoSaNa kI duSpravRttiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa garIbI kI rekhA se U~cA nahIM uTha pA rahA hai| jaba eka ora amIravarga apane aizo-ArAma meM jIvana vyatIta karatA hai tathA dUsarI ora garIbI se abhiSapta vyakti ko roTI ke eka Tukar3e ke lie bhI socanA par3atA hai, taba hI varga-saMgharSa kA janma hotA hai aura sAmAjika-zAnti bhaMga hotI hai| isakA mUla kAraNa saMgrahavRtti hI hai| 8. vijJApana ke mAdhyama se galata jAnakArI aura pradUSaNa - Adhunika arthazAstra kA mukhya sUtra hai - "aniyaMtrita icchA hI hamAre lie kalyANakArI aura vikAsa kA hetu hai| jahA~ icchA kA niyaMtraNa kareMge, vikAsa avaruddha ho jAegA,"487 ataH artha ko kendra meM rakhane ke lie vijJApanoM ke mAdhyama se logoM kI icchAoM ko bar3hAyA jAtA hai aura bAjAra kA vistAra kiyA jAtA hai| vijJApanoM ke manovaijJAnika prabhAva kA upayoga karake apanI Avazyaka-anAvazyaka vastuoM kA vikraya-kara upabhoktAoM se adhika-se-adhika paisA khIMcanA pUMjIpatiyoM kA mukhya uddezya ho gayA hai| 487 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, AcArya mahAprajJa, pa. 18 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 259 vijJApanoM ke mAdhyama se upabhoktAoM ko sammohita kiyA jAtA hai| eDavaraTAijameMTa {Advertisement} kI kalA sammohana para khar3I hai| roja reDiyo, TI.vI., akhabAra, patra-patrikAoM aura sar3akoM para lage bar3e-bar3e posTara Adhunika vastuoM ke prati sammohita karate haiM aura vyakti saralatA se una vastuoM ke prati AkarSita ho jAtA hai| vAstava meM, vijJApanoM ke mAdhyama se mAtra guNavattA kA hI bakhAna kiyA jAtA hai, usake doSoM ko ujAgara nahIM kiyA jAtA, para vastuoM ke prati sammohita huA vyakti apanI jarUrata, jeba aura jaga, jahAna aura jIvana ke lAbha hAni kI cintA na karate hue nAnA prakAra kI vastuoM ko kharIdatA hai, bhogatA hai aura jI bhara jAne para unheM pheMkakara vAtAvaraNa ko dUSita karatA hai| Arthika rUpa se kamajora vyakti, jo aisA nahIM kara pAte, ve hInabhAvanA se grasita hokara eka viSAdapUrNa jIvana vyatIta karate haiM aura usakI pUrti hetu nAnA prakAra ke Arthika aparAdhoM meM lipta hone ko bAdhya hote haiN| 9. pradUSaNa - vartamAna meM vijJApana aura upabhoktA-saMskRti ke kAraNa araboM rupayoM vAle aneka nae-nae udhyoga aura sevAeM saMcAlita haiN| arthazAstrI ise Arthika vikAsa kA sUcaka mAnate haiM, kintu isa atibhogavAdI saMskRti ke bhAvI duSpariNAmoM kA cintana karane vAle kama hI raha gae haiM, kyoMki vikAsa kI tAtkAlika camaka-damaka to sabako najara AtI hai, kintu bhogavAdI saMskRti ke mUla meM nihita Arthika, sAmAjika aura prAkRtikaasantulana kisI ko dikhAI nahIM detaa| viSAkta audyogika-kacarA aura zaharoM meM bar3hate hue kUr3e ke Dhera bhI logoM ko sAvadhAna nahIM krte| __ adhika bhoga kA artha hai- adhika utpaadn| adhika utpAdana ke lie prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kA adhikAdhika dohana aura UrjA kI adhika khpt| pariNAma- prAkRtika asantulana aura prduussnn| sikur3ate jaMgala, vAtAvaraNa meM kArbana DAI oNksAiDa kI bar3hatI huI mAtrA, paramANu riekTaroM se phailatA huA reDiyAdharmI vikiraNa Aja vaijJAnikoM kI cintA ke viSaya bana gae haiN| isI ke pariNAmasvarUpa, hamAre graha kA bar3hatA huA tApamAna, vibhinna prakAra kI prAkRtika ApadAe~ aura nAnA prakAra ke asAdhya roga khatare kI ghaMTI bajA rahe haiN| yadi hAlAta nahIM badale, to ikkIsavIM sadI ke madhya taka bhISaNa prAkRtika viplava kI AzaMkA vaijJAnikoM ko ho rahI hai| upabhoktA saMskRti zanaiH-zanaiH AtmaghAtI vinAza kI ora apane kadama For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bar3hA rahI hai| prakRti ke sAre saMsAdhanoM kA bhoga hama hI kara leMge, bhale hI hamArI bhAvI pIr3hI bhUkhoM mare / 'yUja eMDa thro' saMskRti kA yahI pariNAma hogaa| agara gaharAI se cintana kareM, to isa sabake mUla meM parigraha aura vRtta 260 jainadarzana meM parigrahavRtti ke niyaMtraNa ke upAya- parigrahaparimANa-vrata vartamAna sandarbha meM Arthika samasyAe~ balavatI haiN| mAnava vyaktitva kA mApana bhI Arthika AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| jisake pAsa jitanA adhika paisA hai, vaha utanA hI bar3A AdamI mAnA jAtA hai, bhale hI vaha mana, vacana evaM karma se choTA ho, kintu jisake pAsa paisA nahIM hai, jo Arthika dRSTi se kamajora hai, vaha Aja ke samAja meM koI sthAna nahIM rakhatA, cAhe vaha kitanA hI vicArazIla, cintanazIla evaM vacana kA dhanI ho / yahI kAraNa hai ki Arthika-saMgharSa ke bhayaMkara pariNAma sAmane A rahe haiN| jisa prakAra AkAza kA koI ora-chora nahIM hotA, usI prakAra mAnava kI icchAoM kA bhI koI anta nahI hotA, kyoMki parigraha kA mUla icchA (Asakti) hai| 488 parigraha ke mUla meM kAmanA hotI hai aura kAmanA hI duHkha kA kAraNa hai - "kAme kAmahi kamiyaM khu dukkhaM / 489 kAmanAoM kA AkAza anaMta hai / yadi manuSya apanI sabhI parigRhIta vastuoM kA tyAga bhI kara de, to bhI vaha pUrNataH aparigrahI nahIM bana sakatA, isIlie mUrcchA yA Asakti ko parigraha kA sAra mAnA gayA hai| vastuoM ke prati Asakti hameM bAra-bAra unheM grahaNa karane ke lie bAdhya karatI haiN| jaba taka yaha Asakti yA mUrcchA nahIM jAtI hai, aparigraha asaMbhava hai / jaise 'amaryAdita dhana, dhAnya, kImatI sAmAna Adi se bharA huA jahAja atyadhika bhAra ho jAne se samudra meM DUba jAtA hai, vaise hI jIva bhI agara dhana, dhAnya, ghara, makAna, jamIna-jAyadAda va kheta Adi vastue~ amaryAdita yAnI AvazyakatA kI sImA se adhika rakhatA hai, to vaha bhI usa parigraha ke bojha se dabakara naraka Adi durgatiyoM meM DUba jAtA hai / kahA bhI gayA hai - mahArambha, mahAparigraha, mAMsAhAra aura paMcendriya 490 488 mahAniddesapAli 489 dazavaikAlikasUtra - 2/5 490 parigrahamahatvAddhi majjatyeva bhavAmbudhau / 1/11/107 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 261 jIvoM kA vadha- ina cAroM meM se kisI bhI eka ke hone para bhI jIva narakAyu upArjita karatA hai, dUsare zabdoM meM, atiArambha evaM atiparigraha ke kAraNa narakAyu kA baMdha karatA hai, isalie dhana, dhAnya Adi para mUrchAmamatA rUpa parigraha kA tyAga karanA caahie| parigraha-vRtti ke niyaMtraNa ke upAya - 1. icchA/mUrchA/Asakti kA tyAga kareM - bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai -"jaba taka rAga (icchA), moha aura lobha (mUrchA/Asakti) mana meM utpanna hote haiM, taba taka hI AtmA meM bAhya parigraha grahaNa karane kI baddhi hotI hai|'' ataH, jaba taka icchA ko samApta nahIM kareMge, taba taka aparigraha ke siddhAnta kA pratiphalana saMbhava nahIM hai| artha yA padArthoM kA saMgraha hI parigraha nahIM hai, mUrchA-mamatA bhI parigraha haiN| icchAoM ko na to dabAnA hai, na unheM aniyaMtrita chor3anA hai| agara icchAoM ko dabAyA jAe, to kabhI bhI avasara pAkara ve aura bhI ugratA se jAgrata hoMgI, isalie unheM samajhakara hI zamita karanA caahie| AkAMkSAoM kA vivekapUrNa zamana ho, to nizcaya hI ve kabhI bhI nahIM ubhareMgI, isalie AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- "jo parigraha kI buddhi kA tyAga karatA hai, vaha parigraha kA tyAga karatA hai|"492 yaha merA haiaisI bhAvanA prANiyoM aura padArthoM ke prati hotI hai, jaise - merI mAtA, mere pitA, merA ghara, merI bhuumi| jo vyakti buddhigata mamatva ko chor3a detA hai, vahI vAstava meM aparigrahI hai| bharata cakravartI chaha khaNDoM ke adhipati the, kintu zIzamahala meM pahuMcakara unhoMne mamatvabuddhi kA parityAga kara diyaa| chaha khaNDa kI sampatti hote hue bhI ve aparigrahI the| samavasaraNa meM virAjamAna tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kI riddhi ke parigraha ke Age to saMsAra ke sabhI parigraha phIke haiM, parantu kaSAya . ora mUrchA nahIM hone ke kAraNa unake lie parigraharUpa nahIM haiN| puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM amRtacandra svAmI kahate haiM ki kevala bAhya vastuoM ke tyAga ko hI aparigraha mAnate haiM, to jisake pAsa kucha nahIM, ve to sadA aparigrahI raheMge, jaise- bhikhArI, para usakI icchA, ___mahApota iva prANI tyajetasmAt parigraham / / - yogazAstra-2/107 491 "rAgo lobho moho saNNAo gAravANi ya udiNNA to taiyA dhattaM je gaMdhe buddhI paro kunnh|" - bhagavatI ArAdhanA 19/2 492 AcArAMga cUrNi, pR. 92 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 493 mUrcchA aura vastuoM kI Asakti ke kAraNa vaha mahAparigrahI hai| dazavaikAlika meM bhI kahA hai ki jo sadA saMgraha kI bhAvanA rakhatA hai, vaha sAdhu nahIM (sAdhu ke veSa meM) gRhastha hai / 194 262 ataH, jaina- dRSTi se kevala bAhya parigraha kA parityAga hI pramukha nahIM hai, pramukha hai- Abhyantara - parigraha kA parityAga / jaba taka Asakti nahIM miTatI, vahA~ taka bAhya-parigraha kA parityAga karake bhI Abhyantara--parigraha vidyamAna hai, to bAhya - parigraha svataH A jAegA / parigraha bahuta bar3A pApa hai| vizva meM jitanI hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla Adi kI pravRttiyA~ dekhI jAtI haiM, una sabake mUla meM parigraha hI hai / bAhya-parigraha, jaise-- dhana, vastu Adi kevala vinimaya yA kRtrima sAdhana haiM, athavA AvazyakatA - pUrti ke mAdhyama haiN| vastutaH, vastu svayaM meM koI parigraha nahIM, kintu usake grahaNa kA bhAva aura saMgraha kI icchA parigraha hai| yadi para - padArthoM ke grahaNa va saMgraha kI bhAvanA nahIM hai, kevala para padArtha kI upasthiti hai, to vaha parigraha nahIM hai, jaise- tIrthaMkara, isalie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tathA jainazAstroM meM mUrcchA ko parigraha kahA hai aura mUrcchA-tyAga ko aparigraha 1495 2. vastu ke tyAga evaM dAna kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa AcArya akalaMka496 ne sacetana aura acetana parigraha se nivRtti ko hI tyAga mAnA hai| jitane bhI mokSa ke sAdhana haiM, unameM tyAga ko sarvottama sAdhana mAnA hai|497 rAga meM duHkha aura tyAga meM sukha hai| AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai apane se bhinna sabhI padArtha para haiM, isalie vastu ke isa svarUpa ko jAnakara, jaba tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, taba vaha pratyAkhyAna (tyAga) - 493 puruSArthasiddhayupAya, A. vizuddhasAgarajI muni, gAthA 113, pR. 303 494 495 je siyA sannihiM kAmeM, gihI pavvaie na se| - dazavaikAlikasUtra-6/18 ka) dazavaikAlika - 6/20 (kha) mUrcchA parigrahaH - tattvArthasUtra - 7/12 ga) 'mUrcchA parigrahaH' iti sUtraM yathAdhyAtmAnusArega mUrcchArUparAgAdi pariNAmAnusAreNa parigraho bhavati, na ca bahiraMgaparigrahAnusAreNa / - pravacanasAratAtparyavRtti TIkA, gAthA 278 gha) mUrcchA tu mamatvapariNAmaH / - purUSArthasiddhayupAya, chanda 111 Na) mabhedamiti saMkalpa parigrahaH / - sarvArthasiddhi, a. 7 sUtra 17 496 parigrahasya cetanAcetanalakSNasya nivRttityAgaH iti nizcIyate / - tattvArtharAjavArtika, a. 9, sU.6 tyAga eva sarveSAM mokSa sAdhanamuttamam - aNu se pUrNa kI yAtrA, pR. 151 497 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 263 hotA hai| usI prakAra, jaba taka vastu ke prati tyAga kI bhAvanA vikasita nahIM hotI, taba taka mamatva banA rahatA hai aura parigraha bar3hatA hI jAtA hai| parigraha ko kama karane ke lie yA to vastu kA tyAga kara do, yA usakA dAna kara do| isase jo vastu hamAre lie saMgraha yogya aura parigraha-rUpa thI, vahI vastu dUsaroM kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kA sAdhana bana jAtI hai| vastutaH, tyAga aura dAna meM antara hai| jo hamAre lie anAvazyaka, anupayogI, ahitakArI hai, usakA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, kintu jo vastu dUsare ke lie Avazyaka, upayogI aura hitakArI hai, usa vastu kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai| upakAra ke lie vastu kA denA dAna hai| dAna meM paropakAra mukhya hotA hai, kintu tyAga meM svayaM kA upakAra mukhya hotA hai, parantu prastuta prasaMga meM donoM hI mahattva rakhate haiN| tyAga aura dAna-donoM se parigraha-vRtti kama hotI hai aura mamatva-bhAva bhI kama hotA hai, kyoMki koI bhI vyakti kisI vastu ko tabhI de sakatA hai, jaba usa vastu ke prati usakA mamatva chUTa jaae| IzAvAsya upaniSad ke prathama zloka meM hI spaSTa kahA gayA hai.98 - IzAvAsyamidaM sarva 'yatkiMca jagatyAM jagat / tena tyaktena bhuMjIthA mA gRdhaH kasyAsvidvanam ||1|| arthAt, isa carAcara jagat meM jo bhI kucha hai, vaha saba Izvara kA hai, ataH labdha (prApta) vastu kA tyAga-buddhipUrvaka hI bhoga kareM, kisI anya ke dhana kA lobha na kareM, kyoMki yaha dhana tumhArA nahIM hai| isameM tyAga aura alobha ke lie spaSTa nirdeza haiM, jo 'aparigraha' vrata kA sAra hai| - raskina ne bhI kahA hai-"dhanI AdamI dhanI (dhana kA svAmI) tabhI hotA hai, jaba vaha dhana kA dAna kara pAtA hai, nahIM to vaha garIba hI hotA hai, arthAt Apa dhanI usI dina haiM, jisa dina Apa dhana ko chor3a pAte haiN| agara Apa dhana ko nahIM chor3a pAte, to Apa garIba haiN| dAna mAlakiyata kA lakSaNa hai aura saMgraha garIbI kaa|" kahate haiM, bahatI saritA sundara aura pavitra hotI hai, para ikaTThA pAnI/ saMgrahita jala dUSita aura gaMdA hotA hai, ataH saMgrahita dhana adhika dina taka rahegA, to vaha bhI naSTa ho sakatA hai, 498 IzAvAsyAna upaniSad, zloka 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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264 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isalie dhana kA adhika saMgraha karanA hI nhiiN| yadi kiyA bhI hai, to usako dAna dekara mamatvabuddhi kA tyAga karanA caahie| 3. upabhoktA-saMskRti aura aparigraha - ___ upabhoktA-saMskRti aura aparigraha paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAeM haiN| upabhoktA-saMskRti kahatI hai - adhika se adhika vastuoM kA prayoga kro| isake viparIta, aparigraha kI vicAradhArA kahatI hai- kama-se-kama vastuoM kA prayoga kro| upabhoktA-saMskRti bhogavAda kI ora pravRtta karatI hai aura aparigraha AtmasaMyama kI or| eka, ananta icchAoM kI antahIna pUrti kA prayAsa hai, to dUsarA, icchAoM kA prisiimn| upabhoktA-saMskRti bhautika indriyoM kI saMtuSTi ke prayAsarUpa sukhavAda hai, jabaki aparigraha aatmvaadii-indriy-nigrh| upabhoktA-saMskRti bhautika-vikAsa se jur3I huI hai aura aparigraha Atmika-vikAsa se| jaina vicAradhArA bhogavAda kI isa samasyA ke prati prAcInakAla se sAvadhAna rahI hai| tapasyA aura nivRtti kI bhAvanA ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAMca mahAvratoM ke rUpa meM manuSya ko eka Adarza darzana diyA hai| pAMca vratoM meM aparigraha bhogavAda kI samasyA kA sahI nidAna hai| Aja ke bhAgadaur3a, saMgharSarata aura tanAvapUrNa jIvana kA mukhya kAraNa yahI hai ki hamane apanI icchAoM ko bahuta bar3hA liyA hai| icchAeM mahAvIra ke yuga se kaI gunA adhika bar3ha cukI haiN| isa abhizapta asaMtRpta jIvana se mukti pAne kA eka hI rAstA hai, vaha hai- upabhoktA-saMskRti ke moha kA parityAga aura icchAoM kA parisImana, arthAt aprigrh| 4. parigrahaparimANavrata - jisa prakAra aparigraha eka mahAvrata ke rUpa meM muniyoM ke lie prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra aparigrahANuvrata gRhasthoM ke lie vihita hai| zramaNa sAdhaka ke lie sampUrNa parigraha kA parityAga hai, lekina gRhastha ke lie yaha saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH gRhastha ko parigraha se adhikAdhika bacane ke lie parigraha kI kevala sImA rekhA nizcita kI gaI hai| kyoMki sabhI ArambhoM kA mUla kAraNa parigraha hai, isalie zramaNopAsaka yA zrAvaka For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #271
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 265 dhana-dhAnyAdi parigraha alpa-se-alpa kare,499 isIlie aparigrahANuvrata ko parigraha-pariNAmavrata athavA icchAparimANavata athavA sthUla parigraha viramaNavrata bhI kahate haiN| parigraha kI tRSNA ko apane lie ahitakara samajhakara aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga- sabhI prakAra ke parigraha ke prati mamatva-bhAva haTAnA, parigraha kA bhAra kama karane ke upAya karanA aura apanI zakti ke anurUpa unakI adhikatama sImA nirdhArita karake usase adhika saMgraha kA tyAga kara denAyahI 'parigraha-parimANa-aNuvrata' hai| yaha apanI "aMtahIna icchAoM ko sImita karane kA kauzala hai, ataH isakA dUsarA nAma 'icchA-parimANavata' bhI hai|500 ___ parigraha jIvana nirvAha kA Avazyaka sAdhana hai, lekina yaha sAdhana bhI yadi sAdhya hI bana jAe, to sAdhana kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM rahatI hai| jIvana meM pragati kisI bhI eka Adarza kI ora ho sakatI hai, lekina jaba jIvana meM vibhinna AdarzoM kI sthApanA eka sAtha kara lI jAtI hai, to nizcaya hI jIvanapatha vikRta ho jAtA hai aura sAdhaka ko kisI bhI lakSya para pahuMcAne meM samartha nahIM rhtaa| bhautika samRddhi kI upalabdhi aura AdhyAtmika-vikAsa- donoM ko eka sAtha Adarza nahIM banAyA jA sakatA vastutaH, vastuoM kA parigraha jar3a hai, usameM hamAre zuddha caitasika svarUpa ko bAdhA pahuMcAne kA sAmarthya bhI nahIM hai, para jaba una vastuoM ke prati apekSAbuddhi, parigrahAsakti, parigraha-tRSNA yA parigraha-saMgraha kI icchA jAgrata ho jAtI hai, to vaha sAdhanA meM bAdhaka banatI hai, isalie sUtrakAra ne parigraha parimANa vrata kahane kI apekSA icchAparimANavrata kahA hai| eka alpa-parigrahI vyakti meM bhI yadi parigraha-icchA maujUda hai, to vaha sAdhanA meM pragati nahIM kara sktaa| kahA gayA hai- "samUce saMsAra meM parigraha ke samAna prANiyoM ke lie dUsarA koI baMdhana nahIM hai|"501 sAdhanA kI dRSTi se icchAoM kA parisImana. ati Avazyaka hai| jaina dharmadarzana icchA, tRSNA yA mamatva ke parisImana ke prati atyadhika jAgarUka rahA hai| icchA kA sambandha bAhya parigraha se hI hai, ataH usakA parisImana bhI Avazyaka hai| "jaina 499 saMsAramUlamArambhAsteSAM hetuH parigrahaH / tasmAdupAsakaH kuryAdalpamalpaM prigrhm|| - yogazAstra- 2/110 500 upAsakadazAMgasUtra - 1/45 natthi eriso pAso paDibaMdho atthi savvajIvANaM savvaloe - praznavyAkaraNasUtra-1/5 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #272
266 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vicAraNA meM gRhastha sAdhaka ko nau prakAra ke parigraha kI maryAdA nizcita karanA hotI hai| 502 1. kSetra- kRSi bhUmi athavA anya khulA huA bhuumi-bhaag| 2. vAstu- makAna Adi acala sampatti / 3. hiraNya- cA~dI athavA cA~dI kI mudraaeN| 4. svarNa- svarNa athavA svarNa mudraaeN| 5. dvipada- dAsa, dAsI, naukara, karmacArI ityaadi| 6. catuSpada-pazudhana, gAya, ghor3A, bakarI Adi / 7. dhana- cala smptti| 8. dhAnya- anaajaadi| 9. kupya- ghara-gRhasthI kA anya sAmAna / hara eka gRhastha kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha ina sabhI vastuoM kI apane lie sImA nirdhArita kare, usa sImA kA ullaMghana na kare aura yadi saMbhava ho, to usa sImA ko vastuoM ke pariprekSya meM aura kama karatA jaae| eka bAra yadi gRhastha apane lie sImA nirdhArita kara letA hai, to use isa parigraha-parimANavrata ko 'manasA, vAcA, karmaNA' nibhAne kA prAvadhAna hai| gRhastha isa vrata ko kRta aura kArita- donoM hI taraha se apanAtA hai, kintu isake anumodana ke lie svataMtra hotA hai| parigraha-parimANa-vrata ke pAMca aticAra - jahA~ jainadharma meM anya vratoM ke pariprekSya meM kucha aticAroM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai, vahIM parigraha-parimANa-vrata ke bhI pAMca aticAra batAe gae haiM - upAsakadazAMgasUtra tathA tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki -(1) kSetra-vAstu (2)sonA-cA~dI (3) dhanadhAnya (4) dAsa-dAsI tathA (5) kupya kA pramANa bar3hA lenA parigrahANuvrata ke aticAra haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM - 502 kSetravAstu dhanadhAnyaM kupyabhANDadAsadAsIkanakam hiraNyAdi vastuSu mAmU parigraha prmaannvrtm| -upAsakAdhyAya sUtra-9/50 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 267 1. kSetravAstupramANAtikrama - kSetra kA abhiprAya hai- khulI bhUmi (kheta, bagIcA) aura vAstu kA abhiprAya vaha bhUmi, jisa para makAna Adi banA ho| ise aMgrejI meM Open area aura Covered area kahA jAtA hai| donoM prakAra kI bhUmiyoM kI jitanI sImA vrata grahaNa karate samaya nizcita kI hai, use bar3hA lenaa| 2. hiraNya-suvarNapramANAtikrama- cA~dI-sonA Adi mUlyavAn dhAtuoM kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana krnaa| 3. dvipada-catuSpada pramANAtikrama- dAsa-dAsI tathA pazu sambandhI maryAdA kA atikramaNa krnaa| 4. dhanadhAnyapramANAtikrama- maNi, muktA evaM dhana (pazudhana), dhAnya (anAja) kA pramANa bddh'aanaa| dhana kA abhiprAya Aja ke yuga meM nakada rupayA, baiMka-belensa, zeyara Adi bhI hai| 5. kupyapramANAtikrama- vastra, pAtra, zayyA, Asana Adi gRhopakaraNa sambandhI maryAdA kA ullaMghana krnaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saMgraha aura mamatva-rUpa parigraha kA gRhastha ke lie sarvathA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai, sabase pahale icchA ko parimita karane ke lie upadeza diyA hai; jyoM-jyoM icchA kama hotI jAtI hai, tyoM-tyoM saMgraha aura mamatva bhI kama hotA jAtA hai| uparyukta pAMcoM aticAroM kA mUla bhAva yahI hai ki gRhastha apanI AvazyakatA se adhika na to bhUmi, makAna Adi rakhe, na dhana-dhAnyaM kA saMgraha kare aura na hI maryAdA se adhika pazu Adi rkhe| dhArmika dRSTi se bhI sarva sAdhAraNa ko utanI hI sAmagrI rakhanA cAhie, jisase janatA meM AlocanA na ho tathA dUsare usase vaMcita na hoM aura apanA kArya bhI sucArU rUpeNa cala ske| 503 tayANaMtaraM ca NaM icchA-parimANassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA, na samAyariyavvA taMjahA - khettavatthu-pamANAikkame, hiraNNa, suvaNNa, pamANAikkame, dupaya-caMuppaya-pamANAikkame, ghaNa-dhanna-pamANAikkame, kuviya-pamANAikkame / - upAsakadazAMgasUtra-1/45 504 kSetravAstuhiraNyasuvarNadhanadhAnyadAsIdAsa kupyapramANAti kramAH / - tattvArthasUtra- 7/24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva digaMbara graMtha 'upAsakAdhyayana' meM parigraha - parimANa - aNuvrata meM 505 vikSepa utpanna karane vAle pAMca aticAroM kA varNana bhI milatA hai, jo nimna hai - 268 (1) ativAhana, ( 2 ) atisaMgraha ( 3 ) ativismaya (4) atilobha aura (5) ati bhAravAhana / 1. adhika lAbha kI AkAMkSA meM zakti se adhika daur3a-dhUpa karanA, dina-rAta usakI AkulatA meM ulajhe rahanA aura dUsaroM se bhI niyama - viruddha adhika kAma lenA 'ativAhana' hai / 2. adhika lAbha kI icchA se upabhoktA vastuoM kA adhika samaya taka saMgraha karake rakhanA, arthAt munAphAkhorI yA jamAkhorI kI bhAvanA rakhakara saMgraha karanA 'atisaMgraha hai| 3. apane adhika lAbha ko dekhakara ahaMkAra meM DUba jAnA aura dUsaroM ke adhika lAbha meM viSAda karanA, jalanA - kur3hanA 'ativismaya' hai / apanI nirdhArita sImA ko bhUla jAnA yA use bar3hAne kI bhAvanA karanA bhI isI meM zAmila hai| 4. manacAhA lAbha hote hue bhI adhika lAbha kI AkAMkSA karanA, kraya-vikraya ho jAne ke bAda bhAva ghaTa-bar3ha jAne se adhika lAbha kI sambhAvanA ko apanA ghATA mAnakara saMkleza karanA 'atilobha' hai / 5. lobha ke vaza hokara kisI para nyAya-nIti se adhika bhAra DAlanA tathA usakI sAmarthya se adhika apanA hissA, munAphA, byAja Adi vasUla karanA 'ati- bhAravAhana hai / ataH, sparzanAdi pAMcoM indriyoM ke yogya bhoga - paribhoga kI vastuoM meM vizeSa mUrcchA kA honA tathA kI gaI maryAdA ko bhUla jAnA - isa prakAra parigraha parimANavrata ke pAMca aticAra haiM / vratadhArI zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko ye aticAra na lage, isakI sAvadhAnI rakhanA cAhie / 505 ativAhanAdisaMgrahaM dravyasaMgrahAti bhArAropaNaM / paMcAkSaviSayamUrcchA maryAdA vismRti paMcAtyAH / / - upAsakAdhyayana- 9/51 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 269 aparigrahavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanA06 - eka zramaNa ke lie aparigraha vrata pAlana hetu nimna bhAvanAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai - pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM meM Asakti kA niSedha athavA manojJa yA amanojJa sparza, rasa, gaMdha, rUpa tathA zabda para samabhAva rkhnaa| ye bhAvanAe~ iMdriyoM ke viSaya meM Asakti kA niSedha karatI haiN| eka muni ko indriya-viSayoM meM Asakti aura kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta nahIM honA caahie| yahI usakI saccI aparigrahavRtti hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM sUtrakAra kahate haiM ki yaha to saMbhava nahIM hai ki indriyA~ apane viSaya ko grahaNa na kareM, arthAt yaha sambhava nahIM ki kAna zabdoM ko grahaNa na kareM, yaha bhI sambhava nahIM ki A~kha rUpa kA grahaNa na kare, nAka gandha kA grahaNa na kare, jIbha svAda kA anubhava na kare tathA tvacA sparza se sadA dUra rhe| aisI sthiti meM sAdhu ke lie eka hI mArga zeSa raha jAtA hai ki vaha pApa se bacane ke lie una viSayoM meM rAgabhAva yA dveSabhAva na kre| isa prakAra AcaraNa karatA huA sAdhaka parigraha ke pApa se baca jAtA hai| aparigrahavRtti saMvara rUpa zreSTha vRkSa hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA parigraha nivRtti kA upadeza usI aparigraharUpI vRkSa kA phailAva hai, samyaktva usakA mUla hai, ghRti usakA kanda hai, vinaya usakI vedikA hai, tInoM lokoM meM vyApta yaza usakA skandha hai, pAMca mahAvrata usakI vizAla zAkhAeM haiM, bhAvanAe~ usakI tvacA hai, zubha dhyAna, prazasta yoga evaM jJAna 506 paMcendriyaviSayAni santimanojJAmanojJAni nitym| __rAgadveSaM jahAti bhAvanA'parigrahasyapaMca / / -upAsakAdhyayana 9/49 507 (ka) na sakkA na souM sadA, sotvisymaannyaa| rAgadosA u je tattha, te bhikkhu parivajjae / / 131 / / no sakkA rUvamaddaTuM : cakkhuvisayamAgayaM / rAgadosA u je tattha, te bhikkhU parivajjae / / 132 / / na sakkA gaMdhamagdhAuM, naasaavisymaagyN| rAgadosA u je tattha, te bhikkhU parivajjae / / 133 / / na sakkA rasamassAuM, jiihaavisymaagyN| rAgadosA u je tattha, te bhikkhU parivajjae / / 134 / / na sakkA phAsamaveeuM, phAsavisayamAgayaM / rAgadosA u je tattha, te bhikkha parivajjae || 135|| - AcArAMgasUtra, dvitIya zrutaskandha a.15, sU. 790, gAthA 131-135 (kha) soiMdiyarAgovaraI, cakkhidiyArAgovaraI, ghANiMdiyarAgovaraI, jimiMdiyarAgoparaI, phaasiNdiyraagovrii|" - samavAyAMgasUtra - 25 (ga) AcArAMga cUrNisammata vizeSa pATha, Ti., pR. 281 For Personal & Private Use Only

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270 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva usake patte evaM aMkura haiM, zIla usakI zobhA hai, saMvara usakA phala hai, bodhi usakA bIja hai aura merUzikhara ke samAna mokSamArga usakA zreSTha zikhara hai, ataH sAdhaka ko zikhararUpI mokSa ko prApta karane ke lie aparigraha kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana karanA caahie| jJAnasAra meM kahA hai- 'parigraha kA tyAga karate hI sAdhu ke sAre pApa kSaya ho jAte haiM, jisa taraha pAla TUTate hI tAlAba kA sArA pAnI baha jAtA hai|08 saMtoSavRtti aura aparigraha saMtoSarUpI mahAn guNa apanI AtmA meM praveza kara jAe, to parigraha kI samasyA svataH hI samApta ho jAtI hai| jaba saMtoSa A gayA, to phira vastu ko prApta hone meM bhI saMtoSa rahatA hai aura vastu ke na hone meM bhI saMtoSa rahatA hai| koI azAnti nahIM, koI azuddha cintana nhiiN| sArI azAnti vahIM hai, jahA~ saMtoSa nahIM hai, kyoMki asaMtoSa ke kAraNa hI anyAya se arthopArjana kiyA jAtA hai, mana meM yaha bhAva sadA bane rahate haiM ki kisa prakAra se jyAdA se jyAdA dhana prApta kiyA jA ske| aisA vyakti eka hI nahIM, bhAvI pIr3hiyoM kI cintA bhI karatA hai| basa, isI cintana ke sAtha patana kA mArga prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| "sagaracakravartI ke sATha hajAra putra hue, taba bhI use tRpti nahIM huii| kucikarNa ke pAsa bahuta-se gAyoM ke gokula the, phira bhI use saMtoSa nahIM huA, tilakaseTha ke pAsa anAja ke aneka godAma bhare the, phira bhI usakI tRpti nahIM huI aura naMdarAjA ko sone kI pahAr3iyA~ milane para bhI saMtoSa nahIM huA, isalie parigraha kitanA bhI kara lo, vaha asaMtoSa kA hI kAraNa hai,509 sAtha hI, dhanAsakta mammaNa vaNik ke pAsa apAra dhana thA, para dhanalolupatA evaM asaMtoSavRtti ke kAraNa usakI durgati ho gaI, isalie kahA gayA hai- asaMtoSa bhI saMcayavRtti tathA tadjanya duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai| 10 zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM 'sthUla parigraha viramaNavrata' aura 'upabhoga-parimANavata' icchA parisImana kA eka vyAvahArika rUpa hai| isameM 508 tyakte parigrahe sAdhoH, prayAti sakalaM raja: pAlityAge kSaNAdeva, sarasaH salilaM yathA jJAnasAra- 5/197 509 tRpto na putraiH sagaraH, kucikarNoM na godhnaiH|| na dhAnyaistilakazreSThI, na nandaH knkotkrai|| -- yogazAstra-2/112 510 asaMtoSamavizvAsamAraMbhaM duHkhkaarnnm| - vahI- 2/106 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 271 saMkalpabaddha hokara kama-se-kama vastuoM ke prayoga se jIvana-nirvAha kA abhyAsa kiyA jAnA caahie| jaina kaSAyoM meM puNiyA zrAvaka aparigraha saMskRti kA Adarza caritra hai| vaha dina-bhara rUI se poniyAM banAtA hai aura unheM becakara jitanA dhana prApta hotA hai, usI meM apane parivAra kA pAlana-poSaNa karate hue santuSTa rahatA hai| mahAtmA kabIradAsa bhI aise hI aparigrahI the| puNiyA zrAvaka kI taraha ve bhI kapar3A bunakara apane parivAra kA pAlana-poSaNa karate aura Izvara kI bhakti meM masta rhte| ve kahate the sAMI itanA dIjie, jAmeM kuTumba smaay| maiM bhI bhUkhA nA rahU~, sAdhu na bhUkhA jaay|| icchAoM kA parisImana karate hue kabIradAsajI ne apanA jIvana phakIrI meM lagA diyaa| isI phakIrI meM hI unheM anupama sukha kI anubhUti hotI thii| kahA bhI hai cAha miTI cintA gaI, manuvA bhayA beprvaah| jinheM kacha na cAhie, ve zAho ke zahanazAha / / Adhunika yuga meM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI kama-se-kama vastuoM kA prayoga karate hue sAdagI aura sadAcAra kI sAdhanA kI aura jIvana paryanta ve satya, ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke prayoga karate rhe| "saMtoSI vyakti ke lie saMsAra ke vaibhava tinake ke samAna dikhAI dete haiN| jisake pAsa saMtoSarUpI AbhUSaNa hai, samajha lo, padma Adi nau nidhiyA~ usake hAtha meM hai| kAmadhenu gAya to usake pIche-pIche phiratI hai aura devatA bhI dAsa banakara usakI sevA karate haiN|"511 "asaMtoSI manuSya, cAhe vaha indra mahArAja aura cakravartI hI ho, use jo sukha prApta nahIM hotA, vaha sukha saMtoSI manuSya ko prApta hotA hai, jaise- abhayakumAra ne rAjapATa ko tyAgakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| sukhapradAyaka, saMtoSa ke dhAraka abhayakumAra muni AyuSya pUrNa karake sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka devaloka meM ge| isa prakAra, saMtoSasukha kA Alambana lene vAlA anya 511 sannidhau nidhayastasya kAmagavyanugAminI amarAH kiMkarAyante saMtoSo yasya bhUSaNam - yogazAstra , 1/115 For Personal & Private Use Only

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272 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vyakti bhI abhayakumAra ke samAna uttarottara sukha prApta karatA hai| 512 ataH, hama kaha sakate haiM ki jo AnaMda saMtoSI manovRtti vAloM ko prApta hotA hai, vaha sukha idhara-udhara dhanaprApti hetu daur3ane vAloM ko nhiiN| saMsAra kA koI bhI dharma-darzana parigraha ko svarga yA mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM mAnatA hai| sabhI dharma eka svara meM use heya ghoSita karate haiN| Aja aparigraha kI jIvana aura jagat meM ati AvazyakatA hai| artha-tRSNA kI Aga meM mAnava-jIvana bhasma na ho jAe, jIvanacakra artha-parigraha ke irda-girda hI na ghUmatA rahe aura jIvana kA uccatama lakSya mamatva ke aMdhakAra meM vilIna na ho jAe, isake lie aparigraha kI vRtti jIvana meM AnI cAhie, kyoMki "AvazyakatA se adhika evaM anupayogI upakaraNa (sAmagrI) adhikaraNa arthAt bandhana ke hetu haiN|''514 dhana kA sImAMkana svastha samAja ke nirmANa ke lie anivArya hai| yadi asaMcaya kI vRtti jIvana meM Ae, to samAja kI sArI viSamatAeM svataH samApta ho jaaeNgii| isa prakAra, niSkarSa ke rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki aparigrahavAda Adhunika yuga kI jvalanta samasyAoM kA sundara samAdhAna hai| isase vyakti kA jIvana ucca aura prazasta banatA hai, sAtha hI, samAja va deza kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI saralatA se ho jAtA hai| parigrahavRtti kI vijaya ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhIjI kA TrasTIzipa kA siddhAnta - ahiMsaka-rAjya kI dhAraNA ke sAtha samAja kI navIna Arthika-saMracanA ke saMbaMdha meM gAMdhIjI kA 'TrasTIzipa-siddhAMta' vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha siddhAnta Arthika vitaraNa ke prazna para naitika aura ahiMsaka samAdhAna kA eka prayAsa hai| vartamAna samAja kI Arthika vyavasthA ke saMbaMdha meM mukhya rUpa se do vicAra pracalita haiM - (1) pUMjIvAdI vicAra, (2) samAjavAdI vicaar| 512 yogazAstra - 2/114 513 saMtoSAmRtatRptAnAM yatsukhaM shaantcetsaam| kutastaddhanabubdhAnAmetazcetazca dhaavtaam|| - amara bhaye, nA maregeM, pR. 14 514 atiregaM ahigaraNa -- oghaniyukti - 741 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 273 pUMjIvAdI-vicAra utpAdana ke vyaktigata svAmitva kA samarthana karatA hai, vahIM samAjavAdI vicAra utpAdana aura vitaraNa ke kAryoM ko rAjya ke hAthoM meM sauMpatA hai| aisI vyavasthA meM vyakti kI svAbhAvika utpAdana kI preraNA samApta ho jAtI hai tathA vaha apanI sArI svataMtratA khokara yaMtravat jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| ina donoM se bhinna eka tIsare prakAra kA dRSTikoNa bhI hai, jisameM Arthika-jIvana ko tiraskRta kara AdhyAtmavAdI-jIvana vyatIta karane kI AkAMkSA hai| vAstava meM yaha palAyanavAdI-vicAra hai, jisakA AdhAra saMnyAsavAda hI hai| TrasTIzipa ke siddhAMta meM gAMdhIjI ne Upara ke tInoM siddhAntoM kI burAiyoM kA parityAga kara unakI acchAiyoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai| gA~dhIvAda meM aparigraha kA vrata 'TrasTIzipa' (nyAsa-siddhAnta ke rUpa meM vikasita huA, jisakA artha hai, apanI jarUrata kI cIjoM ko rakhane meM bhI svAmitvabhAva nahIM rahanA caahie| manuSya apanI jarUrata kI cIjeM to rakhe, lekina usa para apanA svAmitva nahIM maane|15 gAMdhIjI ke anusAra, saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM kA vAstavika mAlika Izvara hai|516 usane vizva kA sRjana kisI eka vyakti ke lie nahIM kiyA, balki samasta prANiyoM ke lie kiyA hai| vaha sarvazaktimAn hote hue bhI saMgraha nahIM karatA hai| manuSya usI Izvara kA eka choTA-sA rUpa hai, ataH use bhI utpAdana samAja-hita kI bhAvanA se karanA cAhie, svArtha kI bhAvanA se nhiiN| Izvara kI bhAMti hI use bhI bhaviSya ke lie saMgraha nahIM karanA caahie| apanI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke bAda jo dhana baca jAe, use apanA nahIM mAnakara samAja kA mAnanA cAhie tathA usa saMpatti kA sadupayoga samAjahita aura rAjyahita meM karanA caahie| yadi isa prakAra kA vicAra samAja meM rUr3ha ho jAe, to gAMdhIjI kA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki samAja meM Arthika viSamatA miTakara rhegii| TrasTIzipa ke siddhAMta meM Arthika-viSamatA miTAne kA prayatna balapUrvaka hiMsA ke AdhAra para nahIM, vicAra-parivartana aura hRdaya-parivartana 515 sarvodaya darzana, pR 281-82 516 Harijan, 23/2/47. P. 39 517 Ibid, P.39 518 Young India, PP. 368-69 For Personal & Private Use Only

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274 519 ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai, ataH TrasTIzipa ke vicAra kA pracAra hI sAmAjika Arthika viSamatA ko dUra kara sakatA hai| gAMdhIjI yaha mAnate haiM ki binA hRdaya - parivartana aura vicAra- parivartana ke kAnUna ke dvArA bhI saccA samAjavAda nahIM lA sakate haiM, ataH sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa bAta TrasTIzipa ke pakSa meM janamata taiyAra karane kI hai| TrasTIzipa - siddhAnta ke mAdhyama se gAMdhIjI samAja ko eka parivAra ke rUpa meM dekhate haiN| parivAra meM hara vyakti kI kSamatA eka samAna nahIM rahatI, ataH hara vyakti eka samAna utpAdana nahIM kara sakatA, parantu jo kucha vaha utpAdana karatA hai, usakA eka hI mAlika usa parivAra kA mukhiyA hai, jo usa saMpatti kA upayoga samasta parivAra ke lie karatA hai / ThIka usI prakAra, samAja meM bhI zakti kI viSamatA ke kAraNa utpAdana kI viSamatA hogI, isalie vyakti ko apanI zakti tathA meghA ke anukUla karor3oM ke upArjana kA adhikAra hai, para svAmitva samAja kA rahegA / samatA IT artha adhika-se-adhika samAnatA hai, isIlie gAMdhI nimnatama pArizramika aura uccatama Aya ko nirdhArita karanA cAhate the tathA samaya-samaya para use badalakara dhIre-dhIre viSamatA kama karanA cAhate the| 20 vinobA ke anusAra, TrasTIzipa - siddhAMta kA abhiprAya hai zarIra, buddhi aura saMpatti- tInoM meM se jo bhI prApta ho, use sabake hita meM lagAnA / 521 kisI bhI paristhiti meM yaha aparigraha kA uttama upAya hai| 522 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva TrasTIzipa ke siddhAnta ke pIche jo amUrcchA yA anAsakti kA bIjamaMtra hai, vaha jainAcAra - darzana aura gItA meM pahale se hI maujUda thaa| jainadarzana ne parigraha kI paribhASA karate hue yahI kahA thA ki vAstavika parigraha to mUrcchA yA Asakti hai| 23 gAMdhIvAda kI dRSTi meM aparigraha kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki basa hamAre lie jitanA Avazyaka hai, mAtra utanA hI saMgraha kreNge| AvazyakatA kI koI sImA nahIM hai, isalie AvazyakatA ke 519 Pyarelal, Towards New Horizons, PP 90-91 520 Harijan, 25/10/52, P. 301 521 sarvodaya aura svarAjya zAstra, bhAve vinobA, pR. 134 522 vahI, pR. 133 523 AcArAMgasUtra- 6/21 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva nAma para saMgraha kI abhilASA samasyA kA sahI nidAna nahIM hai, sahI nidAna hai - saMgraha kI vRtti yA svAmitva kI bhAvanA kA tyaag| TrasTIzipa kA siddhAnta svAmitva kI vRtti kA hI niSedha karatA hai| usakA nArA hai - 'svAmI nahIM saMrakSaka' / dhana-arjana kI vRtti evaM dhanasaMcaya kI vRtti meM aMtara 'arjana' zabda kA artha hai kamAnA aura 'saMcaya' zabda kA artha hai jor3akara rakhanA / vastutaH, jIvana-yAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie mAnava ko bhojana, vastra, AvAsa Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ataH jIvana kI ina AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hetu dhana kA arjana evaM saMcaya kiyA jAtA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM, to parivAra kA bharaNa-poSaNa aura ucita DhaMga se nirvAha ke lie bhI dhana kA arjana kiyA jAtA hai| dhana ke saMcaya ke pIche bhaviSya kI surakSA ko dhyAna meM rakhA jAtA hai| bhaviSya ke lie dhanasaMcaya kitanA karanA? Aja taka isakI koI nirdhArita sImA nahIM rahI hai| dhanasaMcaya ke prati Asakti aura tRSNA ke kAraNa manuSya sAta pIr3hI taka sukhapUrvaka khA sake, itane dhana kA saMcaya kara lene para bhI saMtuSTa nahIM ho pAtA hai / vaha, AThavIM pIr3hI bhI sukhapUrvaka raha sake, isalie dhana kA saMcaya karatA calA jAtA hai| * 524 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 4/5 525 kalpasUtra, patra- 3 275 - 524 " jainadarzana anekAntavAdI - darzana hai, vaha kevala nivRttiparaka darzana nahIM hai, apitu isameM pravRtti ko bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| isameM 'aparigrahavAda ke Adarza ko dekhate hue sAmAnya vyakti samajhatA hai ki jaina-dharmadarzana meM dhana kA koI sthAna nahI hai, kyoMki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- "dhana se mokSa nahIM milatA hai,' parantu dUsarI ora, jainaparamparA isa bAta ko bhI svIkAra karatI hai ki pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI mAtA caudaha svapna dekhatI hai / usameM eka svapna lakSmI kA hotA hai tathA dhana kI devI lakSmI kA svapna kula meM dhana kI vRddhi kA sUcaka mAnA gayA hai / sAtha hI, jainadharma meM zramaNadharma ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvakadharma kI bhI vyAkhyA hai aura zrAvaka ke lie to dhana kA arjana evaM saMcaya Avazyaka hai 1 jainadharma meM aparigrahavAda ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvaka ke lie parigraha - parimANa kA siddhAnta bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isase pratiphalita hotA hai ki 525 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sAmAjika - jIvana meM dhana kI AvazyakatA ko jainadharma ne svIkAra kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se jainadharma meM jahA~ eka ora paMcamahAvratadhArI, gRhatyAgI, aparigrahI zramaNa varga ke lie pUrNatayA parigraha tyAga kI vyavasthA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora, ghara-parivAra meM rahakara bhI maryAdita pravRtti karanevAle aNuvratadhArI zrAvaka ke lie parigraha - maryAdA kI bhI vyavasthA hai| 276 jaina sAhitya meM AdhyAtmika carcA ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjikavyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM artha ke viSaya meM jo kucha ullekha prApta hote haiM, unase jJAta hotA hai ki zreNika kA putra abhayakumAra arthazAstra kA jJAtA praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki usa kAla meM 'atthasattha' arthAt arthazAstra viSayaka grantha likhe jambUdvIpaprajJapti se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki bharata kA arthazAstra aura nItizAstra meM catura thaa| 28 527 jAte the| senApati suSeNa thA / 526 jainaparamparA meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko arthavyavasthA kA saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai, RSabhadeva ne apane putra bharata cakravartI ke lie arthazAstra kA nirmANa kiyA thA / 29 nandIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki vinaya se prApta buddhi se sampanna manuSya arthazAstra tathA anya laukika- zAstroM meM dakSa ho jAte haiM / 530 pUrvokta granthoM ke atirikta Agamika - vyAkhyA - sAhitya meM bhI dhana sambandhI vistRta ullekha prApta hote haiM, kintu una sabakI yahA~ carcA karanA aprAsaMgika hI hogA / jaina - paramparA meM do prakAra ke dharmoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai - (1) zramaNa {muni } dharma aura ( 2 ) zrAvaka (gRhastha dharma / yaha spaSTa hai ki artha ke abhAva meM gRhastha-ja - jIvana kA nirvAha karanA asambhava hai, ataH gRhastha ke lie nyAya-nItipUrvaka arthopArjana karanA jaina - paramparA ko bhI svIkAra rahA hai| jainAcArya haribhadra 531 aura AcArya hemacandrajI 532 ne zrAvaka ke 'mArgAnusArI 526 jJAtAdharmakathA 1 / 16, aMgasuttANi, khaMDa -3, lADanUM, pR. 4 527 praznavyAkaraNa 1 / 5, aMgasuttANi, khaMDa -3, lADanUM, pR. - 680 528 jambudvIpaprajJapti - 3 / 77, upaMgasuttANi, khaMDa-2, lADanUM, pR. 426 529 AdipurANa - 16 / 119, uddhat- prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM Arthika jIvana, pR. 9 530 naMdIsUtra - sUtra 38 gAthA 6 ( navasuttANi, lADanUM, pR 259 ) 531 dharmabindu prakaraNa 1/4-58 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 277 guNoM kI carcA karate hue nyAya-nItipUrvaka dhana ke upArjana ko zrAvaka kA eka karttavya mAnA hai| gRhastha-jIvana meM dhana yA vaibhava kI bhI AvazyakatA hone ke kAraNa zrAvaka kA eka vizeSaNa 'nyAyasampannavibhava' bhI rahA hai, arthAt nItimAn gRhastha ko sarvaprathama svAmIdroha, mitradroha, vizvAsaghAta tathA corI Adi niMdanIya upAyoM kA tyAga karake apanI-apanI yogyatA ke anusAra sadAcAra aura nyAya-nIti se dhana kA upArjana karanA cAhie, kyoMki nyAya se upArjita kiyA huA dhana hI isa loka meM hitakArI hotA hai| jisakA dhana nyAyopArjita hotA hai, vaha niHzaMka hokara apane lie usakA upayoga kara sakatA hai aura mitroM evaM svajanoM ko bhI yathAyogya de sakatA hai| apane puruSArtha aura bala se upArjana karane vAlA dhIra puruSa svAbhimAnI aura pratyeka sthiti meM niHzaMka hotA hai tathA burA kArya karane vAlA yA apanI AtmA ko kukarma se malina karane vAlA pApI vyakti pratyeka sthiti meM zaMkAzIla hotA hai| nItimAn gRhastha paraloka ke hita ke lie apane nyAyArjita dhana kA viniyoga sapta-kSetrarUpI satpAtra meM kara sakatA hai tathA dInoM-anAthoM Adi para anukampA karake unheM dAna bhI de sakatA hai, kintu anyAya se ikaTThe kie hue dhana se to donoM lokoM meM ahita hI hotA hai| anyAya evaM anItiyukta dhanArjana se kartA ko isa loka meM vadha, baMdhana aura apakIrti Adi kA bhaya rahatA hai aura paraloka meM bhI narakAdi durgati meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai, isalie nyAyavRtti evaM paramArthadRSTi se dhana-upArjana karanA hI zreSTha upAya hai| jaise meMDhaka jalAzayoM kI ora evaM pakSI pUrNa sarovara kI tarapha svataH khiMce hue cale Ate haiM, vaise hI zubhakarma vAle vyakti ke pAsa sabhI saMpattiyA~ svataH hI calI AtI haiN| jo dhana dharmAnusAra arjita aura dharmAnusAra vyaya kiyA jAtA hai, vahI artha mUlyavAn hotA hai, ataH dhanopArjana kA lakSya mAtra apanA sukha, samRddhi Adi kI vRddhi karanA hI nahIM, apitu zramaNa-brAhmaNa, dIna, anAtha, apaMga, garIba logoM kI sevA karanA bhI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki dhana kA upArjana kaise kiyA jAnA cAhie ? isameM kahA gayA hai -"jo manuSya ajJAna ke kAraNa pApa-pravRttiyoM se dhana kA upArjana karate haiM, ve vAsanA aura vaira (karma) se yogazAstra:- 1/47-56 533 yogazAstra - 1/46, vivecanA - anuvAdakartA - muni padmavijayajI, pR. 81 534 bhAratIya jIvana-mUlya, DaoN. surendra varmA, pR. 26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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278 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva baMdhe hue, anta meM marane ke bAda naraka meM jAte haiN|"535 dhana-arjana kA vahA~ taka virodha nahIM hai, jahA~ taka usake sAtha zoSaNa kI duSpravRtti nahIM jur3atI hai| sampadA ke arjana ke sAtha jaba hiMsA, zoSaNa aura saMgraha kI burAiyA~ jur3a jAtI haiM, tabhI vaha anaitika banatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| bhAratIya saMskRti kA Arthika Adarza yaha rahA hai -"zata hasta samAhara-sahastra hasta vikIrNa', arthAt sau hAthoM se dhana ikaTThA karo aura sahastra hAthoM se bAMTa do| samAja-jIvana meM zAnti tabhI sambhava hai, jaba sampadA kA upabhoga, saMgraha aura vitaraNa niyantrita ho|"536 vyakti ko apanI jaivika AvazyakatAoM ke lie zrama karanA par3atA hai, use zrama se upArjita sampatti ke bhoga kA bhI adhikAra hai, kintu usako svAmitva kA adhikAra nhiiN| zrama ke dvArA hamArI UrjA-zakti naSTa hotI hai| usakI pUrti ke lie AhAra kA bhoga Avazyaka hai, kintu yadi hama bhAvI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie saMcaya karate haiM, to yaha dUsare ke adhikAroM kA hanana hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM IzAvAsyopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai-"tuma tyAga-buddhipUrvaka bhoga karo, isase do bAteM spaSTa hotI haiMdhanArjana meM hamane hamArI zakti kA jitanA vyaya kiyA hai, usakI pUrti ke lie hI hameM bhoga kA adhikAra hai, usase adhika nahIM, kyoMki tyAga ke bAda hI bhoga sukhada lagatA hai|" 537 mala-visarjana ke bAda hI bhojana ke AsvAda kA Ananda AtA hai| dUsare yaha ki vizva meM jo sAdhana-sAmagrI hai, usa para vizva ke samasta prANiyoM kA adhikAra hai, ataH usa para kevala apanA adhikAra mAnakara usakA saMcaya karanA yA upabhoga karanA sAmAjika, AdhyAtmika aura Arthika-dRSTi se aparAdha hI hai, isIlie jainadarzana meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki dhana kA arjana sAMsArika-jIvana kA anivArya bhAva hai, phira bhI usakI eka maryAdA honA cAhie, kyoMki maryAdA se adhika saMcaya karanA naitika evaM dhArmika-dRSTi se anucita hai| dhana ke saMcaya se abhiprAya jIvana ke bhautika sAdhanoM se hai| manuSya adhikatama samaya taka jInA cAhatA hai, svayaM kI surakSA cAhatA hai, isalie 535 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 4/2 536 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2, -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.240 537 OM IzAvAsyamida sarvaM yatkiMca jagatyAM jgt| tena tyaktena bhuMjIthA mA gRdhaH ksysvihtmR|| - IzAvAsyopaniSada, gAthA-1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 279 sAdhanoM ko juTAne meM dhanasaMcaya kI pramukha bhUmikA rahatI hai| dhanArjana svarakSA kI dRSTi se vyakti ko Azvasta karatA hai| usake dvArA vaha AvAsa, vastra, anna, astra-zastra Adi vibhinna upakaraNa juTAkara apane jIvana ko mRtyuparyanta nirApada evaM sukhI banAnA cAhatA hai, isIlie dhanArjana kI pravRtti mAnava meM itanI gaharI calI gaI hai ki isake lie vaha ucita-anucita tarIkoM kA upayoga karane meM bhI hicakicAtA nahIM hai| dhanArjana aura dhanasaMcaya apane-Apa meM bure nahIM haiN| kevala dhana ke arjana aura saMcaya ke taura-tarIke ucita aura dharma-saMgata honA caahie| dhana kA saMcaya adhika ho jAe, to usakA dAna kiyA jAnA cAhie, anyathA vaha hameM hI le DUbatA hai| manuSya kA adhikAra kevala utane hI dhana para hai, jitane se usakI bhUkha miTa jaae| adhikaM saMpatti kA saMgraha dUsare ke haka para DAkA DAlane ke samAna hai| bhAratIya ciMtakoM ne sadA se hI isa bAta ko mAnA hai ki eka acche uddezya ke lie bhI hama bure sAdhanoM ko jitanA apanAte haiM, to utanA hamArA sAdhya bhI dUSita ho jAtA hai, ataH dhana kI upalabdhi ke lie bhI anaitika sAdhanoM kA upayoga varjita kiyA gayA hai| 'dhana ke upArjana ke saMdarbha meM naitika mUlyoM kA artha hai ki- (1) dhanArjana kevala vyaktigata icchAoM kI saMtuSTi ke lie hI na kiyA jAe, apitu usakI bhAgIdArI dUsaroM ke sAtha bhI ho, isalie 'dAna' ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| 538 (2) kevala utanA hI dhanopArjana kiyA jAe, jo yathArtha AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie Avazyaka ho,539 kyoMki mahAbhArata meM to spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki bhautika daridratA eka burAI aura pApa kI avasthA hai| 540 manuSya ke apane sabhI sadguNa tabhI caritArtha ho pAte haiM, jaba usake pAsa dhana hotA hai, ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dharma, sukha, sAhasa, jJAna aura gaurava dhana se hI niHsRta haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki manuSya ko apanI aura apane parivAra kI mUla AvazyakatAoM kI saMtuSTi ke lie dhanopArjana Avazyaka hai| yaha dhanopArjana use svayaM apane parizrama se aura dharmAnusAra hI karanA caahie| 540 mahAbhArata - 12-121-22 bhAgavata - 7-14-6 mahAbhArata - 12/8/14 vhI - 12/8/21 For Personal & Private Use Only

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280 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dhana kA saMcaya jIvita banA rahane meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai, lekina acche jIvana ke lie dhana ko dharmAnusAra maryAdita honA caahie| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki dhana kA arjana to nyAya-nItipUrvaka karanA cAhie, para dhana ke saMcaya kI parisImA yA maryAdA kyA hogI? kitanA dhanasaMcaya rakhanA ucita mAnA jAegA aura kitanA anucita? dhanasaMcaya kI parisImA kA nirdhAraNa kauna karegA -vyakti yA samAja? ina praznoM ko lekara DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI ne apane eka lekha meM vicAra kiyA hai|42 jaina AcAryoM ne ina praznoM kI maryAdAoM ko khulA chor3a diyA thaa| unhoMne yaha mAna liyA thA ki vyakti kitane dhana kA saMgraha kare aura kitanA tyAga de- yaha usakI AvazyakatA aura usake svaviveka para nirbhara karegA, kyoMki pratyeka vyakti kI AvazyakatAe~ bhinna-bhinna haiN| udAharaNArtha, eka udyogapati kI AvazyakatAe~ aura eka prophesara kI AvazyakatAe~ bhinna-bhinna hotI haiN| yahI nahIM, eka deza ke nAgarika kI AvazyakatAe~ dUsare deza ke nAgarika kI AvazyakatAoM se bhinna hoNgii| yuga ke AdhAra para bhI AvazyakatAe~ badalatI haiM, ataH dhanasaMcaya kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti para nirbhara hogaa| Aja arthazAstrI bhI isa bAta ko mAnakara calate haiM ki jo vastue~ eka vyakti ke lie Avazyaka haiM, ve hI dUsare ke lie vilAsitA ho sakatI haiM, jaiseeka kAra DaoNkTara ke lie Avazyaka aura vizvavidyAlaya ke kempasa meM rahane vAle prophesara ke lie vilAsitA kI vastu hogii| ataH, dhanasaMcaya kI maryAdA kA koI sArvabhauma mApadaNDa saMbhava nahIM hai| ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya ke samAja kI carcA kareM, to unhoMne jisa vratI samAja kA nirmANa kiyA thA, usameM svAmitva aura upabhogadonoM kA sImAkaraNa thaa| svAmitva eka maulika manovRtti hai| manovijJAna ke saMdarbha meM hama svAmitva kI mImAMsA kara sakate haiN| maikDyUla Adi mAnasazAstriyoM ne maulika manovRttiyoM kA eka vargIkaraNa kiyaa| mahAvIra svAmI ne manovRtti kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA- manuSya kI eka hI manovRtti hai aura vaha hai- adhikAra kI bhAvanA, saMgraha kI bhaavnaa| saba kucha adhikAra kI bhAvanA se hI ho rahA hai, dUsarI manovRttiyA~ usakI upajIvI haiN| yaha adhikAra kI manovRtti manuSya meM hI nahIM, choTe-se-choTe jIva-jantuoM aura 542 dekheM, tIrthakara, maI-1977, pR. 79 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 281 peDa-paudhoM meM bhI hotI hai| 'AcArya malayagiri ne isa mamatva aura adhikAra kI bhAvanA ko samajhAne ke lie amarabela kA udAharaNa diyaa| "amarabela prArambha meM kisI per3a kA sahArA lekara Upara car3hatI hai, phira vaha saMpUrNa per3a para apanA Adhipatya jamA letI hai, usa para chA jAtI hai aura dhIre-dhIre use khA jAtI hai| saMgraha kI bhAvanA madhumakkhI meM bhI hotI hai, eka cIMTI meM bhI hotI hai aura choTe-bar3e sabhI prANiyoM meM hotI hai| choTe-se-choTA prANI bhI apane lie saMgraha karatA hai| saMgraha kI usameM maulika manovRtti hotI hai|"543 saMgrahavRtti kA koI sArvabhauma mApadaNDa sambhava nahIM hai, isalie ise vyakti ke svaviveka para khulA chor3a diyA jaae| yadi vyakti vivekazIla aura saMyamI hai, taba vaha samAja ke hita meM nirNaya le sakatA hai aura sthiti yadi bhinna hai, to yaha adhikAra samAja ko de denA caahie| vyakti kA maulika kartavya bhI yahI kahatA hai ki dhana kA arjana naitika prakAra se aura dharmanIti se yukta ho aura dhana kA saMcaya bhii| mamatva-vRtti kA tyAga evaM samatva-vRtti kA vikAsa - yadyapi parigraha-saMjJA kI upasthiti prANI mAtra meM pAI jAtI hai, kintu parigraha-saMjJA vastutaH AtmA ko para se jor3ane kI pravRtti hai| parigraha-saMjJA ke pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti meM mamatva-vRtti kA vikAsa hotA hai| gItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai dhyAyato viSayAnpuMsaH sNgstessuupjaayte| saMgAtsaMjAyate kAmaH kaamaatkrodh'bhijaayte|| krodhAdbhavati sammohaH sammohAtsmRtivibhramaH / / smRtibhraMzAd buddhinAzo buddhinaashaatprnnshyti|| -gItA -2/62-63 arthAta, parigraha saMbaMdhI vastu kA cintana karane se usake prati Asakti utpanna hotI hai| usa Asakti ke pariNAmasvarUpa vastuoM kI kAmanA aura icchA utpanna hotI hai| kAmanAoM kI pUrti meM vyavadhAna Ane 543 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 50 For Personal & Private Use Only

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282 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva para krodha utpanna hotA hai| krodha se viveka-zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai, viveka -zakti naSTa hone para buddhi bhraSTa ho jAtI hai aura buddhi ke bhraSTa hone se vyakti kA vyaktitva hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, parigraha kI buddhi Asakti aura mamatvavRtti ko janma dekara vyaktitva ko hI vidrUpita karatI isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki jahA~ parigraha-vRtti kA vikAsa hotA hai, vahA~ para-padArthoM para mamatva kA AropaNa hotA hai aura jahA~ para-padArthoM para mamatva kA AropaNa hotA hai, vahA~ samatva kA bhaMga ho jAtA hai| samatva se tAtparya AtmA ke svabhAva se hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, samatva kI upalabdhi ke lie mamatva kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| jaba taka mamatva ko chor3A nahIM jAtA, taba taka samatva prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- "jo vyakti mamatva-bhAva kA parityAga . karatA hai, vaha svIkRta parigraha kA tyAga kara sakatA hai| jisake mana meM mamatva-bhAva nahIM hai, vahI mokSa-mArga kA dRSTA hai, ataH jisane parigraha ke duSpariNAma ko jAnakara usakA tyAga kara diyA hai, vaha buddhimAn hai| jaba taka mamatva-buddhi kA tyAga nahIM hotA hai, taba taka samatva kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA hai, isalie sarvaprathama mamatva kA parityAga Avazyaka hai| mamatva 'para' ke prati apanepana yA merepana kA bhAva hai| jo mamatva se yukta hotA hai, vaha 'para' meM 'sva' kA AropaNa karatA hai aura jo 'para' meM svatva yA apanepana kA AropaNa karatA hai, vaha mithyAtva se grasta hotA hai, ataH AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa vyakti meM mamatva-buddhi nahIM hai, vahI mokSa-mArga kA jJAtA muni hai| mamatva ke kAraNa vyakti 'para' se jur3atA hai aura 'sva' se vimukha hotA hai, ataH mamatva-buddhi kA parityAga Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| mamatva-buddhi ke tyAga kA matalaba yaha nahIM hai ki vyakti upayoga se vaMcita ho, vaha vastuoM kA upayoga kara sakatA hai, parantu unake prati merepana kA bhAva nahIM rakha sakatA hai| mamatvavRtti rAga kA hI eka rUpa hai aura jahA~ rAga hai, vahA~ cittavRtti vibhAvadazA ko prApta hotI hai, ataH vibhAva se svabhAva meM Ane ke lie mamatvavRtti kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| 'sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra- manuSya jaba taka kisI bhI prakAra kI Asakti/mamatva rakhatA 544 je mamAiyamaI jahAi se cayai mamAiyaM, se hu diTThapahe muNi jassa natthi mamAiyaM - AcArAMgasUtra, prathama zrutaskandha- 2/6/99 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 283 hai, vaha duHkha se mukta nahIM ho sktaa|45 yadi hama adhika spaSTa zabdoM meM kaheM, to jainadArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM mamatvavRtti duHkha kI paryAyavAcI hai aura yahI parigraha kA mUla hai|46 jaina AcAryoM ne jisa samatvavRtti kI carcA kI hai, usake mUla meM mamatvavRtti kA tyAga hI pramukha hai| yadyapi mamatvavRtti eka mAnasika tathya hai, mana kI hI eka vRtti hai, tathApi usakA prakaTana bAhya hai, arthAt usakA sIdhA sambandha bAhya-vastuoM se hai| vaha sAmAjika-jIvana ko dUSita karatI hai| ataH, mamatva ke prahANa ke lie vyAvahArika rUpa meM parigraha kA tyAga yA usakI maryAdA Avazyaka hai| "jo manuSya parigraharUpI kIcar3a meM phaMsakara mokSa ke lie prayatna karatA hai, vaha mUrkha phUloM ke bANoM se mAnoM merU parvata ko khaNDita karanA cAhatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki parigraha meM mamatvabuddhi rakhane vAle vyakti ke dvArA bhI samatvarUpI mokSa-lakSmI ko prApta karanA asambhava hai|47 suttanipAta meM buddha ne kahA hai ki mamatvarUpI Asakti hI baMdhana hai|48 jo bhI duHkha hotA hai, vaha saba mamatvabuddhi (tRSNA) ke kAraNa hI hotA hai|49 Asakta manuSya Asakti ke kAraNa nAnA prakAra ke duHkha uThAte haiN|50 mamatvabuddhi kA kSaya hI duHkhoM kA kSaya hai| jo vyakti isa tRSNA ko vaza meM kara letA hai, usake duHkha usI prakAra samApta ho jAte haiM, jaise kamala patra para rahA huA jala-bindu zIghra hI samApta ho jAtA hai| gItA meM bhI mamatvavRtti ke tyAga evaM samatvavRtti ke vikAsa ko hI mukti kA mArga batAyA gayA hai| Asakti aura lobha naraka kA kAraNa haiN| kAmabhogoM meM Asakta manuSya hI naraka aura azubha yoniyoM meM janma letA hai| sampUrNa jagat isI Asakti evaM mamatvavRtti ke pAza meM baMdhA huA hai aura icchA aura dveSa meM sammohita hokara paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| gItAkAra ne mamatva- vRtti ke visarjana kA eka upAya batAyA hai, vaha yaha hai ki sabhI kucha bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM samarpita kara kartRtva-bhAva se mukta hokara jIvana 946 545 sUtrakRtAMga- 1/1/2 .. dazavaikAlikasUtra --6/21 yaH saMgapaMkAnirmagno 'pyapavargAya cessttte| ___ sa mUDhAH pusspnaaraacaivibhindhaattridshaactm|| - jJAnArNava, parigraha doSa vicAra, 838 548 suttanipAta - 68/5 vahI - 38/17 theragAthA - 16/734 dhammapada, 336 552 gItA - 16/16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jInA caahie| usI prakAra, mamatva ke visarjana ke lie hRdaya meM saMtoSavRtti kA udaya honA cAhie, jabaki vyAvahArika rUpa se mamatvavRtti ke tyAga ke lie jainaAcAradarzana meM parigraha kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| jaba aisI bhAvanA aura vRtti utpanna hogI, tabhI samattvavRtti kA vikAsa saMbhava ho pAegA / 284 - vRtti kA tyAga kyoM ? mamatva - * vastutaH, yaha satya hai ki duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa mamatvavRtti yA parigraha hI hai / jaba koI vyakti apanI bImArI ko bImArI ke rUpa meM samajhatA hai, taba use dUra karane ke upAya bhI karatA hai aura aise vyakti ke niroga ho jAne kI sambhAvanAeM rahatI haiM, parantu yadi koI rogI apanI bImArI ko hI apanI svasthatA samajhane lage, to phira vaha svAsthya - prApti ke upAya kyoM karegA? taba use dhanvaMtari bhI niroga nahIM kara skeNge| parigraha ke sambandha meM hamArI dhAraNA bhI aisI hI bana gaI hai| bar3appana yA mAna - kaSAya kI rakSA ke lie hamane parigraha kI paribhASA hI badala lI hai / use pApoM kI sUcI se nikAlakara hama use puNya kA phala mAnane lage haiM / "jo vyakti mamatva ko chor3akara niHspRha ho jAtA hai, vaha cAhe jana se zUnya vana Adi meM ekAnta sthAna meM avasthita ho aura cAhe janasamudAya se vyApta nagarAdi meM ho, cAhe vaha sukhada avasthA meM ho, yA duHkhada avasthA meM ho, vaha kisI bhI prakAra ke bandha se rahita hotA hai| vaha sarvatra samatvasukha kA hI anubhava karatA hai| 553 yaha saba isalie sambhava ho sakA, kyoMki parigraha hama sabako priya lagatA hai| usake prati hamArA mamatva - bhAva jur3A hai| Aja use hI hamane apane jIvana kA AdhAra aura apanI mahAnatAoM kA mApadaNDa mAna liyA hai| jisane jitanA adhika jor3a rakhA hogA, use utanA hI U~ce Asana para hama biThAte haiM aura use utanA hI sammAna diyA jAtA hai / jo bhI saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai, usake mUla meM mamatvavRtti hI kArya karatI hai / mamatvavRtti ko pUrNa karane ke lie bahuta se loga pApa ke mArga ko apanAne aura anaitikatA ke kArya ko karane meM bhI hicakicAte nahIM haiM, arthAt juA, vyabhicAra, 553 vijane janasaMkIrNe susthite duHsthite 'pi vA / sarvatrApratibaddhaH syAtsaMyamI saMgavarjitaH / / jJAnArNava gAthA 854 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva lUTa-khasoTa, DakaitI, corI, rASTradroha, smagaliMga Adi pApa-kAryoM ko karate haiM aura saMgraha karate jAte haiN| mAtra maiM aura merepana ke bhAva se jo saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha saMgraha adhika bhI ho jAne para use puNya kA phala nahIM kaha skte| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki mamatvavRtti kA tyAga jaba taka nahIM hogA, taba taka samatvavRtti kA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra thor3I-sI AhaTa aura khatare kI AvAja se kachuA apane aMgoM ko sameTa letA hai, usI prakAra samatvavRtti ke vikAsa vAlA vyakti bhI saMsAra ke phailAva ko 'sva' meM nihita kara letA hai aura mamatvavRtti kA tyAga karatA hai / samayasAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "paradravya ( parigraha) aura AtmA kA koI sambandha nahIM hai, phira bhI ajJAna ke kAraNa jo paradravya meM mamatvavRtti rakhatA hai, vaha mithyAdRSTi hai, kyoMki nizcaya se aNumAtra bhI 'merA' nahIM hai| 54 ,554 285 niSkarSataH, vAstavika sukha to mamatvavRtti ke tyAga meM hI hai, kyoMki indriyoM ke iSTa-aniSTa viSayoM meM vyAkulatA kA parihAra karake nispRhatA yA nirmamatva ko dhAraNa karane vAlA vyakti hI vAstava meM samatvavRtti kA vikAsa kara sakatA hai aura apanI sAdhanA ke zikhara para pahuMca sakatA hai / parigraha - saMjJA ke vistRta vivecana meM eka cintana yaha bhI kiyA gayA hai ki parigraha ko yadi sImita karanA hai, to sarvaprathama hamArI AvazyakatAoM, icchAoM aura AkAkSAoM ko sImita karanA hogaa| isake lie saMtoSavRtti kA vikAsa karanA hogA, kyoMki parigraha tabhI bar3hatA hai, jaba koI vastu hameM acchI lagatI hai aura hama usa para apanA mamatva Aropita kara use apane adhikAra meM le lete haiM, cAhe vaha Avazyaka ho yA anAvazyaka, arthAt acchA laganA hI parigraha ko bar3hAtA hai, ataH isa parigraha se bacane ke lie hama yaha prayAsa avazya kara sakate haiM ki jaba bhI acchI lagane vAlI koI vastu hama grahaNa kara rahe haiM, usa samaya yaha soceM ki kyA isa vastu ke binA bhI kAma cala sakatA hai ? agara cala sakatA hai, to use kabhI bhI na kharIdeM, kyoMki yahI aparigraha kA mUla hai| saMtoSa aparigraha kA bIja hai aura sukhI jIvana isakA phala / 1554 vavahArabhAsideNa du paradavvaM mama bhAMti avididatthA / jANaMti NicchaNa du Na ya maha paramANumittamavi kiMci / / samayasAra, gAthA 324 For Personal & Private Use Only

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286 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adhyAya-6 krodha-saMjJA Instinct of Anger} yaha spaSTa hai ki manovijJAna meM jinheM prANI kI mUlapravRtti kahA jAtA hai, jainadarzana meM unheM saMjJA kahA gayA hai|555 ye pravRttiyA~ yA saMjJAe~ prANI meM janmajAta hotI haiN| dUsare, ye prANI ke vyavahAra kI preraka yA saMcAlaka bhI hotI haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se yadi hama vicAra kareM, to saMjJA ko vyavahAra ke preraka-tattva ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra, prajJApanAsUtra, aura pravacanasAroddhAra:58 meM saMjJA kA jo dazavidha vargIkaraNa upalabdha hai, usameM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna evaM parigraha-saMjJAoM ke sAtha-sAtha krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka evaM oghasaMjJAoM ko bhI sammilita kiyA hai, kyoMki ye saba prANI-vyavahAra kI preraka haiM aura vyavahAra ke rUpa meM ye abhivyakta bhI hotI haiN| jainadarzana meM cAroM kaSAyoM ko bhI jAgatika vyavahAra kI preraka ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM hama krodha-saMjJA ke svarUpa evaM usake lakSaNAdi kI vivecanA kreNge| ___ krodha eka AvegAtmaka avasthA hai, eka aisA mAnasika-manovikAra hai, jo vyakti ke zArIrika, vAcika evaM mAnasika-saMtulana ko vikRta karatA hai, sAtha hI krodha eka kaSAya, saMvega Emotion} aura pratizodhAtmaka bhAva hai, jo vyakti ko apanI vAstavika sthiti se vicalita kara detA hai| krodha ke Avega meM vyakti vicArazUnya ho jAtA hai| vaha apane hitAhita kA viveka khokara kucha bhI karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| vivekazUnya AvezAtmaka-bhAva ko krodha-saMjJA kahate haiN| krodha mohanIya-karma ke udaya se hotA hai| prANI ke mukha aura zarIra meM vikRti honA, netra aura mukha para lAlimA aura kaThoratA AnA, dAMta 555 pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 144-147, sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI, pRSTha 78-81 556 sthAnAMgasUtra - 10/105 557 prajJApanAsUtra, pada-8 558 AhA AhAra bhaya pariggaha mehuNa taha koha mANa mAyA y| lobho ha loga sannA dasa bheyA svvjiivaannN|| - pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 146 559 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna pariprekSya meM usakA mahattva, sAdhvI DaoN vinItaprajJA, pR. 491 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 560 kiTakiTAnA, hoMTha phar3aphar3AnA, A~kheM lAla ho jAnA, vyavahAra kA AkrAmaka ho jAnA krodha - saMjJA hai / mana tathA indriyoM ke pratikUla kisI bhI paristhiti ke nirmANa meM jisa padArtha yA vyakti kA hAtha hotA hai, usake prati AkrAmaka yA AvezAtmaka ho jAnA krodha - saMjJA hai / krodha kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa yogazAstra meM AcArya hemacandra ne krodha kA svarUpa varNita kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM krodha zarIra aura mana ko saMtApa detA hai, krodha vaira kA kAraNa hai, krodha durgati kI pagaDaNDI hai, krodha mokSa - sukha meM argalA ke samAna hai| 561 rAjavArttika meM kahA gayA hai karane ke krUra pariNAma krodha haiN| 502 - kundakundAcAryaviracita samayasAra meM kahA gayA hai - " zAntAtmA se pRthagbhUta yaha jo kSamArahita bhAva hai, vaha krodha hai / " 1563 krodha kI bhayaMkaratA ko upamAoM ke mAdhyama se dharmAmRta (anagAra) 504 meM isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai krodha koI eka apUrva agni hai, kyoMki agni to mAtra deha ko jalAtI hai, para krodha zarIra aura mana donoM ko jalAtA hai| krodha eka apUrva aMdhakAra hai; kyoMki andhakAra mAtra bAhya - padArthoM ko dekhane meM bAdhaka hai, kintu krodha to bAhya aura AMtarika - donoM cakSuoM ko banda kara detA hai| krodha koI eka bhayaMkara graha yA bhUta hai; kyoMki bhUta to eka janma meM aniSTa karatA hai, lekina krodha janma-janmAntara meM aniSTa karatA hai I 561 562 563 564 apane aura para ke upaghAta Adi krodha ko hama bArUda ke samAna visphoTaka aura rAsAyanika gaisa kI taraha atyanta jvalanazIla padArtha mAna sakate haiN| jisa taraha lakar3I meM lagane vAlI Aga dUsaroM ko to jalAtI hI hai, para svayaM lakar3I ko bhI 287 560 ka) pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 146, sA. hemaprabhAzrI, pR. 80 kha) saNNA : mUlavRttiyoM kI jaina avadhAraNA 2004, pR. 53 yogazAstra, prakAza 4, gAthA 9 svaparopaghAtaniranugrahAhikaurya pariNAmo'marSaH krodha / javArttika, 8/9 zAntAtmatattvAtpRthagbhUta eSa akSamArUpo bhAvaH krodhaH samayasAra, tA.vR. - 199 / 274/12 dharmAmRta aNagAra, a. 6, zloka 4 - eka lekha, DaoN. RSabhacanda jaina, zodhAdarza, julAI -- For Personal & Private Use Only

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288 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jalAtI hai, isI taraha krodhI vyakti dUsaroM kA to ahita karatA hI hai, khuda apanA bhI ahita kara letA hai| yadi vyavahAra se kaheM, to dUsaroM kI galatI kI sajA svayaM bhugatanA hI krodha hai| yadi kisI para aMgAra pheMkA jAe, to dUsare ke jalane ke sAtha-sAtha pheMkane vAle kA hAtha bhI jalatA hai| isI prakAra hI krodha-saMjJA ke svarUpa ko bhI samajhanA caahie| usa para vijaya prApta karane vAlA kSamA dharma hai| upAsakAdhyayana meM krodha ko saba prakAra kI agniyoM meM pradhAna agni kahA hai, jisako bujhAne ke lie yadi zItala jala kA prayoga kiyA jAe, taba bhI vaha zAnta na hokara prajjvalita hI rahatI hai| prajjvalita krodhAgni AtmA ke sAmAnya, asAmAnya guNoM kA nAza kara detI hai aura nAnA prakAra se AkulatAoM ko janma dekara prANiyoM ke jIvana aura jIvikA ko naSTa kara detI hai| krodharUpI agni dehadhAriyoM ko naraka meM pahu~cA detI hai| aneka prakAra se duHkhoM ko utpanna karane meM krodha sahAyaka hai| krodhI mAnava 'para kA ghAta to karatA hI hai, parantu sAtha hI apanA ghAta svayaM hI kara letA hai| krodha AtmA kI vaibhAvika-avasthA hai, ataH vaha para ke sAtha sva kA bhI ghAta karatA hai, Atmika-zAMti bhaMga karatA hai| krodha kA manovikAra yatra-tatra-sarvatra dikhAI detA hai| jaina evaM jainetara graMthoM meM krodha-kaSAya se sambandhita vivecana prApta hotA hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne kAma, krodha tathA lobha ko AtmA ke mUla svabhAva kA nAza karane vAlA naraka kA dvAra batAyA hai| krodhavRtti se hone vAlI hAni kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai -"krodha se mUr3hatA utpanna hotI hai, mUr3hatA se viveka-zakti aura Atma-sajagatA naSTa ho jAtI hai, AtmasajagatA (smRti) ke abhAva meM viveka naSTa ho jAtA hai aura viveka-zakti ke nAza se sarvanAza ho jAtA hai|" 565 kopAgnijvalatiloke mhaaduHkhsykaarnnN| svapara saukhyamAhanti duHkharAti ca jIvAnAm / / mahAripuzcakopAgni jIvAndharatinAra ke| rAti bahuvidhaM duHkha naarkgtiraavaase|| - upAsakAdhyayana - 1/269-270 566 gItA, adhyAya 16, zloka 21 67 gItA, adhyAya 2, zloka 21 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 289 krodha se saMbaMdhita vivecanA aura svarUpa ko bauddhadarzana meM vistAra se batAyA gayA hai| itivuttaka meM mahAtmA buddha ne bhikSuoM ko upadeza dete hue kahA hai -"jisa krodha se krodhI durgati ko prApta hotA hai, yogI usa krodha ko chor3a dete haiM, ataH ve phira kabhI isa saMsAra meM nahIM Ate, isalie krodha ko jar3a se ukhAr3akara pheMka denA caahie|"568 aMguttaranikAya meM krodhI manuSya kI upamA sarpa se kI gaI hai|569 saMyuttanikAya70 meM do-tIna aise prasaMga prApta hote haiM, jinameM tathAgata ko krodha karane kA nimitta prApta huA, kintu unhoMne krodha nahIM kiyaa| bhAradvAja-gotrIya vyakti kruddha hokara tathAgata ke pAsa AyA aura prazna kiyA - "kisakA nAza kara vyakti sukha se sotA hai ?" "kisakA nAza kara zoka nahIM karatA hai ?" "kisa eka dharma kA vadha karanA - he gautama! Apako rucatA hai ?" tathAgata buddha ne pratyuttara diyA - "krodha kA nAza kara sukha se sonA, krodha kA nAza kara zokamukta honA, duHkha ke mUla krodha kA vadha karanA, he brAhmaNa ! mujhe bar3A acchA lagatA hai| isI prakAra, eka kruddha vyakti buddha ko kosatA huA gAliyA~ dete jA rahA thaa| gAliyA~ dene para bhI ve zAnta bane rahe aura usa vyakti ko kahA - "bhadra! tuma kisI ke pAsa koI vastu le jAo, yadi vaha vyakti usa vastu ko svIkAra na kare, to vaha vastu kisakI rahegI?" usa kruddha vyakti ne jhuMjhalAkara kahA; -"vaha to mere pAsa hI rhegii| mahAtmA buddha ne bar3I zAnti se uttara diyA -"bhadra ! tumhAre dvArA dI jAne vAlI gAliyA~ maiM svIkAra nahIM karatA hU~, ataH ve tumhAre pAsa hI rheNgii| kahate haiM - zApa (Akroza-gAlI) dene vAle ke pAsa hI vApasa lauTa jAtA hai| buddha hI nahIM, samasta mahApuruSoM ne kSamA, samatA, sahiSNutA ko akrodha kI sthiti kahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhanA-kAla meM saMgama ke dvArA die gae upasargoM, gopAlaka dvArA kAnoM meM kIleM DAlane jaise bhayaMkara kaSToM aura anya aneka kaThora parISahoM ko bhI samatA evaM zAnta-bhAva se sahana kiyaa| kabhI bhI 568 itivRttakaM, pahalA nipAta, pahalA varga, pR.2 569 aMguttaranikAya, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 108-109 570 saMyutanikAya, pahalA bhAga, anu. bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, bhikSu dharmarakSita, saMyuta 7, pR. 129 For Personal & Private Use Only

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290 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva unhoMne apane zAnta svabhAva ko nahIM chor3A, sadaiva karuNA aura kSamA bhAvoM meM ramaNa kiyaa| bhAratIya manovijJAna meM krodha ko saMvega Emotion} kahA gayA hai| saMvega zabda kA artha hai - uttejita karanA To Excite} | isa zAbdika artha ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMvega vyakti kI uttejita avasthA kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| isI artha meM manovaijJAnika gelDArDa' {Geldard, 1963} ne kahA hai - "saMvega kriyAoM kA uttejaka hai|" yA "saMvega eka jaTila bhAva kI avasthA hotI hai, jisameM kucha khAsa-khAsa zArIrika evaM granthIya-kriyAeM hotI haiN|" 572 krodha {Angry), bhaya Fear}, khuzI {Happiness} hamAre jIvana ke pramukha saMvegoM meM se haiN|573 __ Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi meM saMvega utpanna hone kI sthiti meM aneka zArIrika-parivartana ghaTita hote haiN| bhaya, krodhAvasthA meM thAirAiDa glaiNDa gavagranthi) samucita kArya nahIM karatI, jisase svAsthya para pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai|574 svacAlita tantrikA-tantra' kA anukampI-tantra krodhAveza meM hRdayagati, rakta-pravAha tathA nAr3I kI gati bar3hA detA hai| pAcaka-kriyA meM vighna AtA hai, rudhira kA dabAva bar3hatA hai tathA eDrInala glaiNDa (adhivRkka graMthi) ko uttejita karatA hai|575 krodha ke pradIpta hone para zakti kA hAsa hotA hai, UrjA naSTa hotI hai, bala kSINa hotA hai| manovijJAna kI mAnyatA hai -tIna minaTa kiyA gayA tIvra krodha nau ghaMTe kaThina parizrama karane jitanI zakti ko samApta kara detA hai| jaise dina bhara calane vAlI havA se ghara meM utanI miTTI nahIM AtI, jitanI dhUla pAMca minaTa kI A~dhI meM A jAtI hai, vaise hI pUre dina bhara kI bhAvadazA meM itane karma-paramANu AtmA meM nahIM Ate, jitane pAMca minaTa ke krodha meM A jAte haiN| 371 Emotions are inciters to action" - Geldard : Fundamentals of psychology, 1963, P.33 372 "Emotion is a complete feeling state accompanied by characteristic motor or glandular activities." - English & English : A comprehensive dictionary Psychological and psychoanalytic terms, 1958, P. 176 573 Adhunika sAmAnya manovijJAna, arUNakumAra siMha, AzISakumAra siMha, pR. 413 574 zArIrika-manovijJAna, ojhA evaM bhArgava, pR. 214 575 sAmAnya manovijJAna kI rUparekhA, DaoN. rAmanAtha zarmA, pR. 420-421 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva "jo krodhI svabhAva ke hote haiM, unakA viveka aura dhairya to naSTa hotA hI hai, svAsthya bhI prabhAvita hotA hai / " 1576 krodha se hamAre snAyuoM {Nerves} para bAra- bAra tanAva AtA hai, isase hamArA snAyavika - saMsthAna {Nervous System} durbala hotA jAtA hai| kamajorI krodha ke prabhAva se utpanna hotI hai| adhika samaya taka bhUkhA rahane para bhI vyakti cir3acir3A aura krodhI ho jAtA hai| krodha kA eka svarUpa : pratizodha 577 kaSAya aura saMvega ke rUpa meM hamane krodha kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI, krodha kA eka svarUpa pratizodha bhI hai / pratizodha kI utpatti krodha se hotI hai, kintu pratizodha kI bhISaNatA krodha se adhika hotI hai| krodhI meM vega hotA hai, kintu kSaNika hotA hai / pratizodhI meM dhAraNa zakti hotI hai aura vaha zakti sApekSika rUpa se sthAyI hotI hai| "yadi koI vyakti hamArA ahita kare, to usake hita ko coTa pahuMcAne kI tIvra icchA hamAre mana meM uThatI hai| ahita kI isI preraka - bhAvanA kA nAma pratizodha hai / " krodhAveza meM prANI ahita karane ke lie Atura hotA hai, kintu Aveza utarate hI AturatA kA sthAna, pazcAtApa le letA hai, kintu pratizodha meM prakaTataH Aveza nahIM hotA, aprakaTa rUpa se jo pratizodhAtmaka bhAva hotA hai, vaha sthAI hotA hai| yaha bhAva vyakti ko taba taka kriyAzIla rakhatA hai, jaba taka vaha nirdiSTa ahitakara kArya sampanna nahIM kara letA / pratizodha kI bhAvanA anya jIvoM kI apekSA mAnava meM adhika hotI hai, kyoMki anya prANiyoM meM mAnava jaisI dhAraNA - zakti nahIM hotI / anya prANI kruddha ho sakate haiM, krodhAveza meM apakAra bhI unase ho sakatA hai, kintu tatkAla apakAra ke badale meM kiyA gayA apakAra 'pratizodha' nahIM kahalAtA / 'pratizodha' vaha krodha hai, jisakA hisAba-kitAba dera taka calatA rhe| pratizodharUpI. krodha kI bhAvanA mAnava-jAti ke hara varga meM aura hara yuga meM rahI huI hai| rAjanItika kSetra ho yA sAmAjika, vyAvasAyika ho yA dhArmika, aparAdha kA ho yA prema kA, hara jagaha yaha bhAvanA vidyamAna hai| hindI - sAhitya ke mUrddhanya lekhaka AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne kahA hai- "vaira krodha kA acAra yA murabbA hai / " 1578 lekha meM kahA hai- jisase hameM duHkha - 576 svAsthya rakSaka, rasavaidya DaoN. premadatta pANDeya, pR. 32 577 prakAzita mana patrikA, lekha- dayAnanda yogazAstrI, akTUbara 1984, pR. 69 578 cintAmaNi, "krodha", AcArya rAmacandra zukla, pR. 138 For Personal & Private Use Only 291

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292 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva pahu~cA hai, usa para yadi hamane krodha kiyA aura vaha krodha yadi hamAre hRdaya meM bahuta dinoM taka TikA rahA, to vaha vaira kahalAtA hai| Aga se Aga kabhI nahIM bujhatI, Aga ko pAnI se zAnta kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra pratizodha-rUpI krodha-agni ko kSamArUpI jala se zAnta kara sakate haiN| jisa prakAra guru kA ziSya ke prati krodha aura mAtA kA baccoM ke prati krodha karanA sakArAtmaka pahalU hai, kyoMki krodha ke dvArA ve baccoM ke bhaviSya ko sudhArane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiM, usI prakAra pratizodha bhI sakArAtmaka rUpa se nirmANakArI svarUpa meM jaba parivartita hotA hai, to vaha vyakti aura samAja ko vikAsa ke kSetra meM Age le jAtA hai| IrSyAlu aura pratizodha-bhAva vAlA vyakti khIMcI gaI lakIra ko choTA karane ke lie usakA kucha bhAga miTAne ke atirikta kucha nahIM socatA, jabaki yahI pratizodha yadi sakArAtmaka ho jAe, to choTI lakIra ke sAtha hI eka usase lambI lakIra khIMcakara pahale vAlI lakIra ko choTA sAbita kara detA hai| pratizodha-rUpI krodha kA yaha nirmANakArI svarUpa hI mAnava-jAti kA Adi-avasthA se vikasita avasthA taka pahuMcanA -isa bAta kA pramANa hai| krodha ke prakAra - krodha ke Avega kI tIvratA evaM mandatA ke AdhAra para krodha ke cAra bheda kie gae haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM 1. anantAnubaMdhI-krodha (tIvratama krodha) - ___ anantakAla se anubandhita 580, ananta bhavoM taka saMskAra-rUpa meM saMyukta,581 ananta padArthoM meM dhAraNAjanita, ananta saMsAra kA kAraNarUpa,82 579 ka) jala-reNu-puDhavi-pavvaya-rAI-sariso cauvviho koho| - prathama karmabaMdha, gAthA-19 kha) evAmeva cauvvihe kohe paNNate taM jahA- pavayarAisamANe, puDhavirAisamANe, vAluyarAisamANe, udagarAisamANe ___ -sthAnAMgasUtra - 4/3/311 580 anantAn bhavAnanubaddhaM - dhavalA, pu. 6, a. 1, sUtra 23 aNaMtesu bhavesu aNubaMdha -vahI a) aNaMtAnubaMdho saMsArA -vahI ba) anantasaMsAra kAraNatvA -sarvArthasiddhi, a. 8, sUtra 9 68 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 293 samyagdarzana kA vighAtaka583 anantAnubandhI (kaSAya) krodha hai| patthara meM par3I darAra ke samAna krodha, jo kisI ke prati eka bAra utpanna hone para jIvana paryanta banA rahatA hai| ajJAnAvasthA meM zarIra meM ahaMbuddhi tathA padArthoM meM mamatvabuddhi hotI hai, zarIra, svajana, sampatti Adi meM Asakti pragAr3ha hotI hai, priya saMyogoM kI prApti meM bAdhaka tattva apriya lagatA hai, svArtha meM Thesa lagane para krodha paidA hotA hai- yaha anantAnubandhI-krodha hai| 'bhAvadIpikA 584 meM vyAvahArika-stara para isa krodha kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai - krUra, hiMsaka, nimnatama, lokAcAra kA ullaMghana karane vAlA, satyAsatya ke viveka se zUnya, deva-guru-dharma para azraddhA rakhane vAlA vyakti 'anantAnubandhI krodha' se yukta hotA hai| anantAnubandhI krodha kA kAla zvetAmbara-granthoM 585 meM jIvana paryaMta evaM digambara granthoM 586 meM saMkhyAtabhava, asaMkhyAtabhava, anantabhava-paryanta batAyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kaSTa dene se saMgamadeva ne anantAnubandhI-krodha (kaSAya) kA baMdha kiyaa| 2. apratyAkhyAnI-krodha (tIvratara krodha) - __ apratyAkhyAnI-krodha kA jaba udaya hotA hai to krodhavaza vaha vrata-grahaNa meM bAdhaka banatA hai| AMzika rUpa meM tyAga-viratipAlana saMbhava nahIM ho pAtA hai| 587 sUkhate hae jalAzaya kI bhUmi meM par3I darAra jaise AgAmI varSA hote hI miTa jAtI hai, vaise hI apratyAkhyAnI-krodha eka varSa se adhika sthAI nahIM rahatA hai, kisI ke samajhAne se zAMta ho jAtA hai| samyagdRSTi ko deva-guru-dharma kA rAga hotA hai, ataH devagurudharma kA apamAna karane vAle ke prati Aveza AtA hai| vastupAla mahAmantrI ne rAjA ke mAmA dvArA eka bAla muni ko. thappar3a mArane para usakA hAtha kaTavA diyA thaa| sarasvatI sAdhvI kA gardabhilla rAjA dvArA apaharaNa hone para kAlikAcArya 583 paDhamo dasaNaghAI -gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 283 584 bhAvadIpikA, pR. 51 585 jAvajjIvANugAmiNo - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 2992 580 a) jo savvesiM saMkhejjAsaMkhejjANaMtehi -kaSAyacUrNi, a 8, gAthA 32, sUtra 23 ba) gommaTa ka., gAthA 46-47 yududayAddezaviratiM. ........ kartuM na shknoti| -sarvAthasiddhi, a 8, sUtra 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 589 dvArA vIra sainika kA veza dhAraNa kiyA gayA thaa| gardabhilla rAjA kI hatyA kara sarasvatI ko kaida - mukta kara kAlikAcArya ne prAyazcitta liyA thA / apratyAkhyAnI-krodhAdi kaSAya kA udayarUpa adhikatama kAla zvetAmbara - granthoM ke anusAra eka varSa evaM digambara- granthoM ke anusAra ' chaH mAsa varNita hai| isase adhika kAla yadi vaha krodhAdi kaSAya kA saMskAra banA rahA, to anantAnubandhI kahalAtA hai| isa kAla maryAdA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hI jaina - paramparA meM 'sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kI vyavasthA hai| 294 3. pratyAkhyAnI - krodha pratyAkhyAnI - krodha dhUla meM par3ane vAlI rekhA ke samAna kahA gayA hai| dhUla yA retI meM banane vAlI rekhA havA ke jhoMko ke sAtha miTa jAtI hai, usI prakAra pratyAkhyAnI - krodha bhI jaldI miTa jAtA hai| dhIraja se samajhAne ke sAtha viveka lauTa AtA hai aura krodha kA zamana ho jAtA hai| pratyAkhyAnI-krodha cAra mAsa se adhika sthAyI nahIM hotA / Atma-jJAna ke pazcAt sAdhaka sAMsArika kAryoM ko saMkSipta karake zrAvaka - jIvana ke bAraha vrata svIkAra karatA hai / sAdhanA - mArga para usake caraNa bar3hate jAte haiN| usake vratapAlana meM koI bAdhaka banatA hai, to use krodha Ane lagatA hai| mahAzataka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zrAvaka the / pauSadhazAlA meM dhyAnAvasthita hone para patnI revatI dvArA unheM vicalita karane kA bAra-bAra prayAsa kiyA jAne lagA / antataH kruddha hokara ve bola uThe - revatI ! tumhArA rUpa kA abhimAna Tikane vAlA nhiiN| sAta dinoM bAda tuma deha tyAgakara naraka meM utpanna hone vAlI ho| yaha krodhodaya zrAvaka, vratadhArI taka sabhI meM hotA hai / 4. saMjvalana - krodha zIghra hI miTa jAne vAlI yA pAnI meM par3ane vAlI rekhA ke samAna saMjvalana - krodha samatA evaM viveka ke Agamana ke sAtha zamana ko prApta karatA hai| zuddha svarUpa - prApti kI sAdhanA meM rata muni ko apane doSa para roSa hotA hai / zrImad rAjacandra ne 'apUrva avasara' meM kahA hai araNika 388 389 vacchara - AcArAMga, zIlAMka, TIkA, a. 2, u. 1, sUtra 190 a) chaNhaM mAsANaM - kaSAyacUrNi, a 8, gAthA 85, sUtra 22 ba) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNAnAM SaNmAsA - gommaTa ka., gAthA 46 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 295 muni ne apanI bhUla ke prAyazcitta meM anazana dhAraNa kiyaa| krodha ke prati hI krodha ho - vaha saMjvalana-krodha hai| yAjJavalkyopaniSad meM bhI isI bAta kI puSTi kI hai - yadi tU apakAra karane vAle para krodha karatA hai, to krodha para hI krodha kyoM nahIM karatA? jo sabase adhika apakAra karane vAlA hai|590 bauddhadarzana meM krodha ke tIna prakAra91 - bauddhadarzana meM bhI krodha ko lekara vyaktiyoM ke tIna prakAra mAne gae haiM - 1. ve vyakti, jinakA krodha parvata para khIMcI huI rekhA ke samAna cirasthAyI hotA hai| 2. ve vyakti, jinakA krodha pRthvI para khIMcI rekhA ke samAna alpa-sthAyI hotA hai| 3. ve vyakti, jinakA krodha pAnI para khIMcI rekhA ke samAna asthAyI hotA hai| krodha kI cAra avasthAeM - sthAnAMgasUtra93 aura prajJApanAsUtra594 meM krodha kI cAra avasthAoM kA ullekha hai- (1) Abhoganivartita, (2) anAbhoganivartita, (3) upazAnta, (4) anupshaant| 1. Abhoganivartita-krodha - sthAnAMgasUtra ke vRttikAra abhayadevasari ne Abhoga kA artha jJAna kiyA hai|995 jo manuSya krodha ke vipAka yA duSpariNAmoM ko jAnate hue bhI krodha karatA hai, usakA krodha Abhoganivartita-krodha kahalAtA hai| 590 apakAriNi kopazcetkope kopaH kathaM na te ? - yAjJavalkyopaniSad, 29 591 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM para tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 501 592 aMguttaranikAya- 3/130 595 sthAnAMgasUtra - 4. u 1, sUtra 88 cauvihe kohe paNNate, taM jahA - 1.AbhogaNivvattie. 2.aNAbhogaNivvatie, 3. uvasaMte, 4. annuvsNte| - prajJApanAsUtra, pada 14, sUtra 962-93 For Personal & Private Use Only

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296 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AcArya malayagiri ne spaSTa karate hae kahA hai596 - krodha na Ane para bhI aparAdhI ko sabaka dene ke lie krodhapUrNa mudrA banAnA Abhoganivartita-krodha hai, jaise- bacce ko bhayabhIta karane ke lie mA~ krodha kA abhinaya karatI hai| 2. anAbhoganivartita-krodha - krodha ke duSpariNAma se anajAna hokara krodha karanA anAbhoganivartita krodha hai| AcArya malayagiri ke anusAra, Adata se majabUra hokara lAbha-hAni kA vicAra kie binA akAraNa/niSprayojana krodha karanA anAbhoganivartita krodha hai|597 3. anupazAnta-krodha - udaya ko prApta krodha anupazAnta-krodha hai, arthAt krodha ke udaya kI sthiti anupazAnta-krodha hai| 4. upazAnta-krodha - supta krodha-saMskAra upazAnta-krodha hai| krodhotpatti ke kAraNa - krodha kA mUla kAraNa vyakti svayaM hotA hai, kintu bAhya-nimittoM ke AdhAra para krodha kI utpatti ko dRSTigata rakhakara bhI AgamoM meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM krodha ko catuHpratiSThita kahA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM krodhotpatti ke cAra sthAna batAe gae haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM1. AtmapratiSThita, 2. parapratiSThita 3. tadubhaya-pratiSThita, 4. apratiSThita / 595 abhogo - jJAnaM tena nivartito yajjAnam kopavipAkAdi ruussyti| - sthAnAMgavRtti, patra 182 596 prajJApanA pada 14, malayagirivRtti, patra 291 597 yadA tvenamevaM tathAvidhamuhurttavazAd guNadoSavicAraNAzUnyaH paravazIbhUya kropaM kurUte ... tadA sa kropo'nAbhoganivartitaH / -vahI caupatidvite kohe paNNate taM jahA - 1.Atapatihite, 2. parapatiTTite. 3. tadubhayapatidvite. 4. apatihite - sthAnAMgasUtra- 4/76 598 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1. AtmapratiSThita (sva-viSayaka) jo apane hI nimitta se utpanna hotA hai, jaise - hAtha se kA~ca kI banI huI koI vastu apanI lAparavAhI se nIce girakara TUTa jAne se mana kSubdha ho jAtA hai, svayaM ko dhikkArane lagatA hai, isa prakAra kA krodha AtmapratiSThita hotA hai / 2. para - pratiSThita ( para - viSayaka) jaba anya koI krodhotpatti meM kAraNabhUta ho, jaise- naukara ke hAtha se ghar3I girane para mAlika ko krodha AnA / 3. tadubhaya-pratiSThita (ubhaya viSayaka) jo krodha sva aura para - donoM ke nimitta se utpanna hotA hai, jaisekarmacArI ke hAtha se gilAsa lete-lete chUTa gayA, gira gayA aura TUTa gayA / karmacArI para krodha isalie AyA 'maine ThIka se pakar3A nahIM thA aura tumane chor3a diyaa| apane prati krodha isalie AyA ki itane garma dUdha kA gilAsa hAtha meM kyoM lene lagA ? meja para kyoM nahIM rakhavA diyA? 4. apratiSThita vaha krodha, jo kevala krodha- vedanIya ke udaya se utpanna hotA hai, Akroza Adi bAhya kAraNoM se utpanna nahIM hotaa| isa krodha meM svayameva citta kSubdha hotA rahatA hai, udvignatA - caMcalatA banI rahatI hai / - - 600 - prajJApanAsUtra 599 aura sthAnAMgasUtra meM anyApekSA bhI krodhotpatti ke cAra kAraNa batAe gae haiM- 600 -- 599 prajJApanAMsUtra, kaSAya-pada- 14, gAthA, 5 uvaMgasuttANi 4, pR. 187 cauhi ThANehiM kodhuppattI sitA taM jahA 4/80 297 (ka) kSetra - kheta, bhUmi Adi ke nimitta se krodha karanA / (kha) vastu - ghara, dukAna, pharnIcara Adi ke kAraNa se krodha karanA / (ga) zarIra - kuMrUpatA, rugNatA Adi kAraNa se kSubdha honA / (gha) upAdhi sAmAnya sAdhana-sAmagrI ke nimitta kalaha karanA / -- khettaM, paDuccA, vatyuM pdduccaa| - sthAnAMgasUtra For Personal & Private Use Only

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298 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sthAnAMgasUtra meM krodhotpatti ke dasa kAraNa batAe gae haiM, 601 jo nimnokta haiM1. manojJa zabda, sparza, rasa, rUpa aura gandha kA apaharaNa karane vAle ke prati krodha 2. amanojJa zabdAdi viSayoM kA saMyoga karAne vAle ke prati krodh| 3. iSTa viSayoM kA apaharaNa dUsaroM ke dvArA karAne vAle ke prati krodha / 4. aniSTa viSayoM kA saMyoga dUsaroM ke dvArA karAne vAle ke prati krodh| 5. priya saMyogoM ke viyoga/apaharaNa kI saMbhAvanA jisake dvArA hai, usake prati krodh| 6. apriya prANI/padArthoM kI prApti kI AzaMkA jisake dvArA hai, . usake prati krodh| 7. atIta, vartamAna yA anAgata meM manonukUla saMyogoM kA apaharaNa jisake dvArA hai, usake prati krodha / 8. bhUta, vartamAna yA bhaviSya meM jisase amanojJa saMyogoM kI prApti kI saMbhAvanA ho, usake prati krodha / 9. bhUta, vartamAna yA bhaviSya meM manapasanda viSayoM kA apaharaNa evaM nApasanda viSayoM kI prApti meM jo kAraNabhUta hai, usake prati krodh| 10. AcArya, upAdhyAya ke prati samyaka /ucita vyavahAra hone para bhI unase pratikUlatA prApta hone para krodh| krodha eka kArya hai, usake kAraNa haiM - mAna, mAyA aura lobha / abhimAna ko Thesa lagane para, mAyA prakaTa hone para athavA lobha/AkAMkSA pUrNa na hone para krodha-jvAlAe~ bhabhakane lagatI haiN| nimitta rUpa koI bhI padArtha yA prANI ho, para mUla kAraNa svayaM AtmA kI azuddha pariNati hai| krodha ke vibhinna rUpa jainadarzana meM zAstrakAroM ne pApa ke aThAraha sthAna batAe haiM, jo AtmA kA patana karate haiN| unameM chaThavAM sthAna krodha kA hai| 601 ka) dasahiM ThANehiM kodhuppatI siyA - taM jahA- mnnunnnnaaii| -sthAnAMgasUtra 10, sUtra 6 kha) kaSAyaH eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, sA.DaoN. hemaprajJA zrI, pR. 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 299 mohanIyakarma-prakRti hone ke kAraNa jaba isakA udaya hotA hai, to kArya-akArya kA viveka nahIM rhtaa| yaha vyakti kI prakRti ko krUra banA detA hai| krodha ke Aveza meM Akara prANI apane mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bhaginI, putra-putrI, svAmI-sevaka, pati-patnI, guru-ziSya Adi AtmIyajanoM ko bhI pIr3A dene meM saMkoca nahIM karatA hai| 602 kadAcit, atyanta kupita vyakti AtmaghAta bhI kara baiThatA hai| isa kAraNa, krodha ko cANDAla kI upamA dI gaI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra03 ke teIsaveM adhyayana meM kezI svAmI ne kahA hai - saMpajjaliyA ghorA aggI ciTTai, goyamA, arthAt he gautama! jalatI huI aura bhayaMkara agni hRdaya meM sthita hai, yaha agni aura koI nahIM, krodha kI hI agni hai| jaba yaha Aga bhar3aka uThatI hai, to kSamA, dayA, zIla, saMtoSa, tapa, saMyama, jJAna Adi uttamottama guNoM ko jalAkara bhasma kara detI hai, unakA nAza ho jAtA hai, yaha Aga cetana para mithyAtva kI kAlimA car3hA detI hai| jaina-vicAra meM sAmAnyatayA krodha ke do rUpa mAne gae haiM - 1. dravya-krodha aura 2. bhAva-krodha / 05 dravya-krodha ko Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTi se krodha kA AMgika-pakSa kahA jA sakatA hai, jisake kAraNa krodha meM hone vAle zArIrika-parivartana hote haiN| dravya krodha ke utpanna hone para zArIrika, mAnasika santulana bigar3a jAtA hai, zarIra meM aneka parivartana hote haiM; jaise - cehare kA tamatamAnA, A~kheM lAla honA, bhRkuTi car3hanA, hoTha phar3aphar3AnA, nathune phUlanA, jihvA lar3akhar3AnA, vAkya-vyavasthA skhalita honA, zarIra asantulita honA ityaadi| bhAvakrodha krodha kI mAnasika avasthA hai| krodha kA anubhUtyAtmaka-pakSa bhAva krodha hai, jabaki krodha kA abhivyaktyAtmaka yA zarIrAtmaka pakSa dravya-krodha hai| 602 pAsammi bahiNimAyaM, sisupi haNei kohNdho| - vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, 66 603 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 23/50 604 kruddho ........ saccaM sIlaM viNayaM hnnejj| - praznavyAkaraNasUtra- 2/2 605 1) bhagavatIsUtra- 12/5/2 2) jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN.sAgaramala jaina, pR. 500 For Personal & Private Use Only

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300 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva krodha ke vibhinna rUpa - samavAyAMgasUtra 606 evaM bhagavatIsUtra :07 meM krodha ke dasa rUpa yA samAnArthaka nAma prApta hote haiM - 1. krodha, 2. kopa, 3. roSa, 4. doSa, 5. akSamA, 6. saMjvalana, 7. kalaha, 8. cANikya, 9. maMDana, 10. vivaad| kasAyapAhuDa 608 meM bhI krodha ke dasa rUpoM kA varNana hai, jisameM 'cANDikya' evaM 'maMDana' ke sthAna para 'vRddhi' evaM 'jhaMjhA' zabda upalabdha hote ____ 1. krodha - Avega kI uttejanAtmaka avasthA krodha hai| 2. kopa - krodha se utpanna svabhAva kI caMcalatA kopa hai| saMskRta meM 'kup' dhAtu se bhAva artha meM 'ghaJ' pratyaya jur3akara 'kopa' zabda kI siddhi hotI hai| abhidhAnarAjendrakoza meM kopa ko kAmAgni se utpanna hone vAlI cittavRtti batAyA gayA hai| 609 yaha cittavRtti praNaya aura IrSyA se utpanna hotI hai| 'sAhityadarpaNa' ke anusAra, prema kI kuTila gati se jo akAraNa kruddha sthiti hotI hai, vaha kopa hai| 'bhagavatIvRtti ke anuvAdaka ke anusAra, krodha ke udaya ko adhika abhivyakta na karanA kopa hai|10 sAmAnyataH dekhane meM AtA hai ki kaI vyakti krodha Ane para vAcika-pratikriyA nahIM karate haiM; para cehare kI stabdhatA unakI asAmAnya sthiti kA bodha karA detI hai, isalie bolacAla kI bhASA meM kahate haiM - kyoM mu~ha phulA rakhA hai ? mu~ha kyoM car3hA rakhA hai ? 606 taM jahA kohe kove rose dose akhamA saMjalaNe - samavAyAMgasUtra- 52/1 607 bhagavatIsUtra, za. 12, u 5, sUtra 2 06 kasAyapAhuDa cU., a 9, gAthA 86 kA anuvAda 609 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga 7, pR. 106 1deg bhagavatIsUtra, abhayadevasUri vRtti, za. 12, u 5, sUtra 2 608 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 301 3. roSa __ zIghra zAnta nahIM hone vAlA krodha roSa hai|611 roSa kI avasthA meM vyakti ke cehare ke hAva-bhAva aura krodhAbhivyakti lambe samaya taka banI rahatI hai| isa avasthA meM A~khoM kI lAlimA se prakaTa hotA hai ki vyakti krodha kI avasthA meM hai| 4. doSa svayaM para yA dUsare para doSa thopnaa|12 kaI vyakti krodha kI sthiti meM svayaM para doSa mar3hate rahate haiM, jaise - hA~ bhAI, hama to jhUTha bolate haiM, athavA maiMne kyoM kahA? mujhe kyA par3I thI bIca meM bolane kI? 5. akSamA dUsaroM ke aparAdha ko sahana na karanA akSamA hai,813 yA aparAdha kSamA nahIM karanA akSamA hai| isa sthiti meM itanI asahiSNutA hotI hai ki bhUla para turanta daNDa dene kI pravRtti hotI hai, jaise - bacce jUte-cappala bAhara na utArakara maMdira, ghara taka le AeM, to turanta thappar3a mArane vAle kaI abhibhAvaka hote haiM, jabaki yaha bAta prema se bhI samajhAI jA sakatI hai| 6. saMjvalana - jalana yA IrSyA kI bhAvanA saMjvalana hai| krodha se bAra-bAra AgababUlA honA, saMjvalana hai| yahA~ 'saMjvalana' kA artha saMjvalana-kaSAya se bhinna hai| kaI loga vyatIta ho cuke kSaNoM ko, bIta cuke ghaTanA-prasaMgoM ko, kisI ke bole gae zabdoM ko, bAra-bAra doharAte rahate haiM aura apane ko krodha se bharate rahate haiN| 611 bhagavatIsUtra, abhayadevasUri vRtti, za 12, u. 5, sUtra 2 612 vahI, 613 vahI. 614 vahIM For Personal & Private Use Only

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302 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 7. kalaha - krodha meM atyadhika anucita zabda yA anucita bhASaNa karanA kalaha kahalAtA hai| ise sAmAnya rUpa se vAkayuddha kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnya se prasaMgoM meM bhI apane svArtha kI hAni hone para krodhAviSTa hokara kaI vyakti avivekapUrNa, anargala, uttejaka zabdoM meM bolanA prArambha kara dete haiM - yaha kalaha hai| 8. cANDikya - krodha meM ugra rUpa dhAraNa karanA, sira pITanA, bAla noMcanA, aMga-bhaMga karanA AtmahatyA karanA, cANDikya-krodha kI pariNatiyA~ haiN| 9. maMDana - daNDa, zastra Adi-se yuddha karanA maMDana hai| 615 cANDikya meM krodhAvasthA meM svayaM ko kaSTa diyA jAtA hai evaM maMDana meM dUsaroM para prahAra hotA hai| muMhamAMgA daheja na lAne para krodha meM bharakara kaI bahaoM ko jalA diyA jAtA hai| lUTapATa meM bAdhaka banane para kaI logoM ko luTere golI kA nizAnA banA dete haiN| kaI bAra krodhAveza meM pati, patnI kI hatyA kara detA hai aadi| 10. vivAda - paraspara viruddha vacanoM kA prayoga karanA yA pakSa-vipakSa meM uttejaka vArtAlApa honA vivAda hai| 'kasAyapAhuDa' meM vRddhi' evaM 'jhaMjhA' Adi ko krodha kA paryAyavAcI batAyA gayA hai|616 vRddhi - kalaha, vaira Adi kI vRddhi karane vAlI pravRtti/vyavahAra karanA vRddhi hai, jaise -apane virodhI ko jAnabUjhakara cir3hAnA aadi| 015 bhagavatIsUtra, abhayadevasUri vRtti, za. 12, u.5, sUtra 2 deg kasAyapAhuDa cU, a 9, gAthA 33 kA anuvAda For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 303 jhaMjhA - tIvra saMkleza-pariNAma ko jhaMjhA kahA gayA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM 'jhaMjhA' kA prayoga 'vyAkulatA' ke artha meM huA hai|17 sAhityakAra rAmacandra zukla ne krodha ke anya rUpa bhI batAe haiN|18 (a) cir3acir3AhaTa-krodha kA eka sAmAnya rUpa hai- cir3acir3AhaTa / citta vyagra hone para, kArya meM vighna upasthita hone para, manonukUla suvidhA prApta na hone para jhallAnA, cir3acir3AnA krodha kA rUpa hai| (ba) amarSa-kisI apriya sthiti se na baca pAne para kSobhayukta, AvegapUrNa anubhava amarSa hai| isI prakAra, krodha ke anya aneka rUpa bhI dRSTigocara hote haiN| kaI loga krodha meM bhojana chor3a dete haiM, kaI krodha meM adhika bhojana kara lete haiN| kaI loga krodhAveza meM tvarita gati se kArya karate haiM, to kaI cupacApa eka kone meM baiTha jAte haiN| kaI krodha meM bolanA chor3a dete haiM, cuppI dhAraNa kara lete haiM, kaI bar3abar3AnA prArambha kara dete haiN| kaI krodha meM apane hAthoM ko dIvAra para mArate haiM, to kaI vastuoM ko uThAkara pheMka dete haiN| ataH, uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki krodha-bhAva eka hai, kintu usake rUpa, pariNatiyA~ vibhinna dikhAI detI haiN| krodha ke duSpariNAma bhagavatIsUtra19 meM bhagavAna se prazna kiyA gayA ki jIva kisa prakAra gurutva yA bhArIpana ko prApta hotA hai ? to prabhu ne uttara diyA -pApoM ke sevana se hI jIva gurutva yA bhArIpana ko prApta karatA hai evaM nIca gati meM jAne yogya karmoM kA upArjana karatA hai| pApoM kA sevana karane se hI jIva saMsAra ko bar3hAtA hai evaM bArambAra bhava-bhramaNa karatA hai| krodha kA bhI 617 AcArAMgasUtra, a. 3, u. 3. sUtra 69 618 cintAmaNi, bhAga-2, pR. 139 kahaNNaM bhaMte ! jIvA garUyattaM havvamAgacchati ? goyamA pANAivAeNaM musAvAeNaM AdiNNAdANeNaM, mehuNeNaM pariggaheNaM koha-mANa mAyA lobha - micchadasaNasalleNaM evaM khalu goyamA jIva garUyataM hvvmaagcchti|| - bhagavatIsUtra, 1 zataka, 9 uddezka, sUtra-384 For Personal & Private Use Only

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304 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva aThAraha pApoM meM se chaThavAM sthAna hone se yaha bhI AtmA ko bhArI banAtA hai evaM isakA tyAga karane se jIva halkA hotA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra621 meM kahA hai - jaba krodha utpanna hotA hai, to prIti naSTa ho jAtI hai| jaba prIti naSTa hotI hai, to krodha ke duSpariNAma utpanna hone lagate haiN| krodha ke lie kahA hai - muni kucha kama eka karor3a pUrva kAla meM jitanA cAritra upArjita karatA hai, usa samasta cAritra ko vaha krodhayukta banakara eka muhUrta mAtra meM naSTa kara detA hai| krodhI jamI huI aura banI huI bAta ko kSaNabhara meM bigAr3a detA hai| krodha ke phalasvarUpa jIva kurUpa, satvahIna, apayaza kA bhAgI aura ananta janma-maraNa karane vAlA bana jAtA hai, isalie krodha halAhala viSa ke samAna hai -aisA jAnakara santa kadApi krodha se saMtapta nahIM hote haiN| ve sadaiva zAnta evaM zItala rahate haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI zAMta-zItala banAte haiN| upAsakAdhyayana meM kahA hai - "krodha se jisakA mana calAyamAna ho gayA hai, vaha sabhI bure kAryoM ko karatA hai| usakA koI bhI pApa-kArya zeSa nahIM raha jaataa| krodhI vyakti dharma kI maryAdA kA nAza kara detA hai aura sadA pazu ke samAna apanA avivekapUrvaka AcaraNa karatA hai| 622 sthAnAMgasUtra meM kahA hai - parvata kI darAra ke samAna jIvana meM kabhI nahIM miTane vAlA ugra krodha AtmA ko naraka-gati kI ora le jAtA hai|623 jo manuSya krodhI, avivekI, abhimAnI, durvAdI, kapaTI aura dhUrta hai, vaha saMsAra ke pravAha meM vaise hI baha jAtA hai, jaise jala ke pravAha meM kASTha / 24 krodha se manuSya kA hRdaya raudra bana jAtA hai| vaha manuSya hone para bhI nAraka jaisA, zaitAna jaisA AcaraNa karane lagatA hai,625 kyoMki krodharUpI agni 620 savvaM pANAivAyaM ...... savvaM kohaM mANaM mAya lohe ca rAga dose y| - pravacanasAroddhAra dvAra 237/gAthA 1351-1353 621 koho pIiM paNAsei ........... | - dazavaikAlikasUtra-8/27 622 ko'narthaniHzeSazca kopayuktAdhamastAM na kroti| hanti dharma maryAdA pazukhi samAcaranti nityam / / - upAsakAdhyayana- 1/275 625 pavvarayarAisamANaM kohaM aNupaviDhe jiive| kAlaM karei Neraiesu uvvjjti|| - sthAnAMgasUtra-4/2 je ya caMDe mie thaddhe, duvvAI niyaDI sddhe| vujjhai se aviNIyappA, kaLaM soyagayaM jhaa|| - dazavaikAlikasUtra-9/2/3 roseNa rUddahidao, NAragasIlo Naro hodi| - bhagavatIArAdhanA 1366 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 627 jIvana - rasa ko jalA detI hai / 1 626 krodha meM mUr3ha (pAgala) hokara vaha manuSya apane bar3oM (guru) ko bhI apazabda (gAlI) kahanA prArambha kara detA krodha vaha nazA hai, jo zarAba pie binA bhI manuSya ko unmatta banAe rakhatA hai aura jIvana kI sundaratA aura madhuratA- donoM ko naSTa kara detA hai / krodha ke duSpariNAma nimna haiM 1. krodha vivekahIna banAtA hai - krodhAvasthA meM viveka palAyana kara jAtA hai, bhale-bure kI pahacAna aura bar3e-choTe kA bheda vismRta ho jAtA hai| krodha ke mUla meM pratikAra kA bhAva hotA hai| krodha meM viveka khone ke kAraNa vyakti kI buddhi bhraSTa ho jAtI hai| krodha ke vazIbhUta vyakti aisA kRtya bhI kara DAlatA hai, jisakA pariNAma bar3A gambhIra hotA hai| eka lar3akA, jise gussA bahuta AtA thA, eka dina usake ghara meM kisI ne use Toka diyaa| lar3ake ko gussA A gyaa| saMyoga se, usa dina use parIkSA dene jAnA thA, kiMtu gusse meM bharakara usane nirNaya liyA ki maiM parIkSA dene nahIM jaauuNgaa| sabhI ne use samajhAyA, para usakI buddhi para krodha ke bAdala maMDarA rahe the, Aveza meM Akara lie gae nirNaya ne usakA pUrA varSa bekAra kara diyA / 2. krodha hiMsA ko bhar3akAtA hai 305 I krodha ke bhAva meM vyakti hiMsaka ho jAtA hai / krodha meM vyakti do rUpoM meM hiMsaka ho jAtA hai| kabhI vaha auroM ko nukasAna pahuMcAtA hai, to kabhI svayaM ko| auroM ko nukasAna pahuMcAne ke lie vaha gAlI-galauca karatA hai, hAthApAI karatA hai, athavA kisI para zastra se prahAra bhI kara detA hai / krodhAvasthA meM manuSya rAkSasa kI taraha bhayaMkara bana jAtA hai, 028 lekina kaI bAra vyakti isakA ulTA bhI kara letA hai / krodha meM Akara vaha apanA hI sira dIvAra se TakarA detA hai, bhojana kara rahA ho, to bhojana kI thAlI uThAkara pheMka detA hai| ahamadAbAda ke eka mohalle meM ghaTita huI satya ghaTanA- nala ke pAnI ke lie do striyoM ke bIca jhagar3A huaa| donoM 626 yadagnirApo adahat / atharvaveda 1/25/1 627 kroddho hi saMmUDhaH san guruM Akrozati / gItA, zAMkarabhASya- 2/63 628 koveNa rakkhaso vA NarANa bhImoM Naro havadi / - bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1361 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva eka-dUsare ko apazabda bolIM, mAmalA bigar3a gyaa| eka strI apane pUre zarIra para ghAsaleTa DAlakara aura svayaM ko Aga lagAkara A gaI aura svayaM jalatI huI usa dUsarI strI se lipaTa gaI tathA kahane lagI- "maiM to jala hI rahI hUM, lekina tujhe bhI jalAkara jaauuNgii|" dUsarI strI ne chUTane kA bahuta prayAsa kiyA, aMtataH donoM jalakara khAka ho gyiiN| 29 varttamAna meM krodha aura tadjanya dveSa ke kAraNa rASTroM meM yuddha aura hamale ho rahe haiN| vibhinna samudAyoM ke loga choTe-choTe mAmaloM meM bhar3aka uThate haiM aura krodhAtura hokara hiMsA kA tANDava samAja meM phailAte haiM / 306 3. krodha vyakti ke zArIrika svAsthya aura mAnasika-zAnti ko bhaMga karatA hai 630 tIvra krodha svAsthya ke lie ahitakara hai| krodha se yakRta, tillI aura gurde vikRta hote haiM, raktacApa bar3hatA hai, A~toM meM ghAva hote haiM, pAcaka rasa alpamAtrA meM banatA hai| amerikA kI 'lAipha megjIna meM eka sacitra lekha thA ki hRdaya vikAra (hArTa Trabala), peTa sambandhI roga (sTamaka Trabala), blaDaprezara, alsara Adi rogoM kA kAraNa krodha yA Aveza hai| 631 tIvra Aveza se hRdaya, phephar3e, mastiSka, snAyu Adi ke kAryoM meM tIvratA AtI hai| rakta mastiSka meM adhika mAtrA meM pravAhita ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI khUna meM vikAra utpanna hone lagate haiM, isalie krodhita mahilA kabhI zizu ko stanapAna na kraae| krodha ke kAraNa nAr3I phaTa jAne se kaI bAra manuSya kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| krodha ke kAraNa mAnasika-zAnti kA hAsa hotA hai / 4. krodha se samyaktva - guNa kA nAza zAstrakAra kahate haiM ki eka hI kSaNa kA krodha karor3oM varSoM ke saMyama aura tapa kI sAdhanA ko niSphala banA detA hai| kapAsa ke godAma meM Aga kI eka ciMgArI kAphI hai, vaise hI varSoM kI sAdhanA ko jalAne ke lie krodha kI eka ciMgArI kAphI hai| krodha kA Aveza eka varSa se jyAdA sthita rahe, to vaha anaMtAnubaMdhI - krodha bana jAtA hai 632 aura AtmA ko 629 dIpa bujhA jyoti jalAkara sA. suyazendrAzrI jI, pR. 83 zArIrika manovijJAna, ojhA evaM bhArgava, pR. 214 630 631 sAmAnya manovijJAna kI rUparekhA, pR. 420-421 632 prathama karmagraMtha, gAthA, 18 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 307 samyaktva-guNa se bhraSTa karatA hai| hajAroM janmoM kI sAdhanA ke bAda jo guNa-saMpadA milatI hai; vaha krodha ke eka tUphAna meM pUrI naSTa ho jAtI hai| * krodhavaza labdhAkArI kuruTa-utkuruTa muni sAtavIM naraka meM ge| * sAdhu bhI caMDakauzika sarpa bne|633 * krodhavaza zayyApAlaka ke kAnoM meM zIzA DalavAne se bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke kAnoM meM bhI kIleM ThokI giiN| guNasena-agnizarmA kI nau bhava taka vaira kI paraMparA clii|635 * kamaTha bhI dveSa ke kAraNa dasa bhavoM taka bhagavAn pArzva kA vairI banA aura anta meM durgati ko prApta huaa| 5. krodha ke kAraNa Atmadarzana saMbhava nahIM - darpaNa para phUMka mArane para vaha dhuMdhalA ho jAtA hai, phira usameM Apa apanA pratibimba nahIM dekha skte| yahI sthiti krodha ke viSaya meM hai| mana ke darpaNa meM krodha kI phUMka mArane se Atma-darzana saMbhava nahIM hai| khaulate pAnI meM Apa apanA pratibimba kaise dekha sakate haiM ? krodhI vyakti Atmadarzana kaise kara sakatA hai ? Atmadarzana, AtmAnubhUti, Atma-sAkSAtkAra samatA-bhAva meM hI saMbhava hai| 6. krodha se smaraNazakti kA nAza - hoThoM kI muskAna jahA~ hamAre cehare ke saundarya ko baDhAtI hai, vahIM krodha kI rekhA saundarya ko miTTI meM milA detI hai| krodha hamAre dimAga ko kamajora karane ke sAtha-sAtha zarIra ko bhI kamajora karatA hai| gussA AdamI ke zarIra kA raktacApa bar3hA detA hai| gItA37 meM bhI kahA hai -krodha se smRtibhrama hotA hai aura usase buddhi kA nAza hotA hai| kSubdha avasthA meM jJAna-tantu zithila ho jAte haiN| caitanya kA jJAnakSetra saMkucita ho jAtA hai| 633 AcArAMga- 1/3/2 634 kalpasUtra se 635 samarAdilya cAritra 636 kalpasUtra, hindI anuvAda zrI jina AnandasAgara sUrizvara jI, pR. 234 637 gItA, 2/63 For Personal & Private Use Only

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308 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 7. krodha prIti kA nAza karatA hai638 - krodhI vyakti kisI se prema nahIM kara sktaa| koI usakA mitra nahIM bananA caahtaa| prIti kA rasa mAnava-jIvana ko sahajatApUrvaka jIne ke lie ati Avazyaka hai| jisake jIvana meM prIti kA rasa nahIM, usakA jIvana vyartha hai| jaise vRkSa pAnI ke siMcana se harA-bharA rahatA hai, vaise hI mAnava bhI prIti ke rasa se praphullita rahatA hai| 8. tAmasika-AhAra se krodha ke duSpariNAma - kaI bAra tAmasika-AhAra athavA zArIrika durbalatA yA bAhya-paristhiti ke abhAva meM bhI krodhotpatti hotI hai| antaraMga meM kaSAya udaya hone para vyakti akAraNa hI barasa par3atA hai, aucitya-anaucitya kA viveka samApta ho jAtA hai| krodha sarva saMyogoM meM, sarva-sthaloM para, saba prakAra se aniSTakArI hai; kintu kabhI-kabhI anyAya ke virodha meM, dharmarakSA ke lie, karttavyapAlana hetu kiyA gayA krodha kSamya mAna liyA jAtA hai, jaise -strI ke satItva kI rakSA ke lie, prAcIna tIrtha aura dhArmika-graMthoM kI rakSA ke lie tathA mAtA kA putra ke prati, guru kA ziSya ke prati jo krodha hai, vaha upAdeya hai| aneka bAra aisI paristhitiyA~ nirmita hotI haiM ki yadi unakA pratikAra na kiyA jAe, to dUragAmI pariNAma bhayaMkara hote haiM, kintu jainadarzana ise ucita nahIM maantaa| vyavahAra meM dUsaroM ko daNDa diyA jA sakatA hai, kintu hRdaya meM karuNAbhAva Avazyaka hai| yaha dhAraNA bhI anupayukta hai ki adhInastha kAryakartA se samucita kArya karAne hetu krodha Avazyaka hai| kisI ko ucita preraNA dene hetu krodha nahIM, apitu svayaM kA AcaraNa apekSita hotA hai| ugratA se ugratA evaM maitrI se AtmIyatA prakaTa hotI hai| kruddha bhASA sAmane upasthita vyakti ko bhI krodhita kara detI hai, ataH krodha pratyeka dRSTi se hAnikAraka hai| krodha para vijaya ke upAya - bhAratIya-manovijJAna ke anusAra, krodha hamAre bhItara uThane vAlA eka aisA saMvega hai, jo kSaNa meM utpanna hotA hai aura kSaNa meM zAnta ho jAtA 638 'koho pIiM paNAseI' - dazavaikAlika sUtra-8/38 639 sthAnAMgasUtra- 4/1/80 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 309 hai| krodha ke kSaNa meM manuSya apane hoza-havAsa, viveka aura buddhi khokara kucha samaya ke lie uparokta viSama sthiti meM pahuMca jAtA hai| vyakti krodha ke vazIbhUta hokara apanoM aura parAyoM- donoM ko nukasAna pahuMcAtA hai| ise kSaNika saMvega isalie kahA gayA, kyoMki kaI bAra eka kSaNa ke lie vyakti Aveza aura Akroza meM Akara koI bhI nirNaya yA kArya kara baiThatA hai, jisake lie use jIvanabhara pachatAnA par3atA hai| jisa prakAra agni thor3e hI samaya meM ruI ke Dhera ko bhasma kara DAlatI hai, usI prakAra krodhAgni bhI AtmA ke samasta gaNoM ko bhasma kara detI hai| krodha utpanna hone para manuSya A~kheM hote hue bhI aMdhA bana jAtA hai| zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki vaira se vaira bar3hatA hai evaM krodha karane se krodha adhika bar3hatA jAtA hai, para isa dAnavarUpI krodha para hama vijaya pA sakate haiN| 1. dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki krodha ko upazama se naSTa karo, 40 arthAt samabhAva se krodha ko jiito| hama upazamabhAva rakheM, mauna rkheN| mauna se bar3hakara krodha jItane kA koI dUsarA upAya nahIM hai| jaba hama prativAda nahIM kareMge, to sAmane vAlA kitanI dera taka krodha karegA ? arthAt kucha samaya bAda usakA krodha svataH hI zAnta ho jAegA tathA hamAre mauna dhAraNa karane se vivAda, kalaha Adi nahIM hoNge| kahA bhI hai prabala krodha ke roga ko, hara sakatA hai kaun| usakA eka ilAja hai, mana meM rakhe maun|| 2. yadi vANI para niyaMtraNa na ho, to kSetra-parivartana ucita hai| jisa sthAna para Apa khar3e haiM, usa sthAna se gyAraha kadama pIche haTa jaaeN| pIche jagaha na ho, to dAe~ yA bAe~ cale jAe~, sAmane kadApi na jaaeN| jahA~ krodha AyA hai, vahA~ se uThakara anyatra cale jAe~, usa sthAna ko, usa kSetra ko tatkSaNa chor3a deN| 3. krodha meM Akara vyakti ko itanA khyAla A jAe ki krodha A rahA hai, to vaha saMbhala sakatA hai| agara itanA hoza sadha jAe ki krodha 640 uvasameNa haNe kohaM | - dazavaikAlikasUtra- 8/39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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310 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva A rahA hai, to phira krodha A hI nahIM sktaa| krodha ko bajAya dabAne ke, use dekhane aura jAnane kA prayAsa kreN| krodha eka prakAra kI behozI hai| behozI meM dekha pAnA kucha kaThina-sA avazya hai, lekina asaMbhava nahIM hai| sAdhanA se saba kucha saMbhava hai| sAdhanA kI jarurata hai| cintana-prakriyA se citta ko caitanya banAyA jA sakatA hai| caitanya manaHsthati krodha kI upasthiti meM saMbhava nhiiN| prazaMsA ke do zabda sunakara vyakti prasanna ho jAtA hai aura niMdA sunakara duHkhI aura udvelita ho jAtA hai| svAbhAvika hai ki jise prazaMsA prabhAvita kara sakatI hai, use niMdA bhI prabhAvita kregii| zabdarUpeNa ye pudgala-dravya haiM, jo mere (nija AtmA) ke nahIM ho sakate- isa prakAra kA cintana bhI krodha para vijaya prApta karA sakatA hai, arthAt koI apazabda bhI kahe, to apane svabhAva meM ramaNa kara krodhita na hoM, kyoMki zabda bhI pudagala haiN| 5. kSamA mAMganA krodha ko zAnta aura hRdaya ko jala kI taraha zItala banA detA hai| agara kisI kAraNavaza kabhI jhagar3A bhI ho jAe, to kevala vicAroM ke pArasparika-TakarAva se hI krodha utpanna hotA hai aura phira vaha vikarAla rUpa le letA hai, jIvana ko prabhAvita bhI karatA hai, isalie aisI sthiti meM kSamA yA saoNrI kahate haiM, to sthiti turaMta zAMta ho jAtI hai| choTI-sI bAta ko jhagar3e kA rUpa kabhI na deM, kyoMki koI bhI jhagar3A ciMgArI ke rUpa meM zuru hotA hai aura dAvAnala banakara samApta hotA hai| krodha ko jItane kA mukhya upAya kSamAbhAva hai| 6. krodha-vijaya kisI japa ke Alambana se bhI saMbhava hai| maMtra ko zvAsocchavAsa ke sAtha jor3A jA sakatA hai| vyartha ke vicAroM se haTakara antarmukhI banane kI yaha eka sarala prakriyA hai| abhyAsa-vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha kalpanA ke antazcakSuoM ke samakSa maMtrAkSaroM ko dekhane kA prayatna karane se krodha, IrSyA, AlocanA Adi duSpravRttiyA~ kSINa ho jAtI haiN| 7. nAda-zravaNa meM citta lIna hone para sahaja zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai| japa meM bAhya-dhvani evaM nAda se antardhvani kA avalambana liyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 311 jAtA hai| nIrava sthAna meM dhyAnamudrA. meM A~kheM banda karake, kAna ke chedoM ko donoM hAthoM kI aMguliyoM se banda karake antardhvani ko sunane kA prayAsa kreN| abhyAsa meM pragati hone para kabhI dhuMgharu, ghaMTa, zaMkha, bAMsurI, meghagarjanA Adi kI dhvaniyoM jaisI dhvani bhI sunAI de sakatI hai| 8. trATaka-dhyAna ke mAdhyama se bhI krodha kA zamana kiyA jA sakatA hai| 9. vicAroM kA zvAsocchavAsa se sIdhA aura gaharA sambandha hai| zvAsocchavAsa kI gati jitanI manda aura layabaddha hogI, mana utanA zAnta hogaa| krodhAvasthA meM zvAsa kI gati tIvra aura aniyamita ho jAtI hai, ataH citta-sthiti meM parivartana ke lie zvAsa-gati ko manda karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| 10. vicAra-pravAsa kA nirIkSaNa citta-zAnti kA eka sazakta sAdhana hai| krodha kaise prArambha huA ? kahA~ se prArambha huA ? usakA mUla udgama srota kauna-sA kaSAya hai ? aise praznoM ke uttara DhUMDhate jAne se mana para paristhiti kA prabhAva samApta ho jAtA hai aura vicAroM meM parivartana svAdhyAya, cintana, anuprekSA Adi ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| isa prakAra, hama dhyAna-prakriyA ke mAdhyama se krodha evaM anya kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta kara sakate haiN| 11. vyakti ke ahaMkAra ko jaba coTa lagatI hai, to use gussA AtA hai| jaba taka ahaMkAra zAMta rahatA hai, hama sAmane vAle se khuza hI rahate haiM, kintu ahaMkAra ko coTa lagate hI hama gussA kara baiThate haiN| ahaMkAra krodha kA pitA hai| krodha kA eka kAraNa AlocanA hai| yadi kisI ne viparIta TippaNI kara dI, to hama tatkAla gussA kara baiThate haiN| isa paristhiti se vijaya samatAbhAva se prApta kara sakate haiN| jaba samatAbhAva prabala hogA, to ahaMkAra aura AlocanA kA prabhAva mana-mastiSka para nahIM par3egA aura krodha samApta ho jaaegaa| 647 kaSAya : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, sAdhvI DaoN hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 137 For Personal & Private Use Only

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312 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1 12. krodha A rahA hai, to thor3A vilamba karo / pratikriyA meM zIghratA mata karo, kyoMki krodha azubha hai, krodha pApa hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM zubha karanA hai, to tatkSaNa karo, lekina agara azubha karanA hai, to vilamba karo, use kala para chor3a do| 'zubhasya zIghraM ' lokokti ke anusAra bhI zubha kArya meM dera mata kro| yadi azubha karanA hai, pApa karanA hai, krodha karanA hai, to kala para chor3a do| kucha ghanToM bAda karU~gA- jaba yaha bhAva mana meM AtA hai, to vilambatA ke kAraNa vaha kabhI krodha kara hI nahIM pAtA hai| isa prakAra, krodha ke samaya tatkAla pratikriyA na karake kala para TAla dete haiM, to krodha para vijaya prApta kara sakate haiM, kyoMki krodha kSaNika Aveza mAtra hotA hai| Aveza utara jAtA hai, to cAhakara bhI kucha azubha nahIM kara skte| 13. hama doSI haiM, to krodha kA kAraNa hI nahIM hai| yadi varttamAna meM hamArA doSa hameM dikhAI nahIM detA, to kahIM atIta meM hamArI bhUla rahI hogI - aisA mAnane para dUsare ke apamAna, tiraskAra Adi kA prasaMga nahIM banegA / duHkha dene vAlA bAhya - nimitta hai, antaraMga meM hamArA karmodaya hai| karma vipAka ko jAnane yA dekhane vAlA vizva meM sarvatra niSpakSa rUpa se eka suvyavasthita nyAya - tantra ko dekhatA hai / vaha yaha jAnatA hai ki Aja jo merA aparAdhI hai, pahale usakA maiM aparAdhI rahA hogaa| varttamAna meM merA asAtA - vedanIya athavA azubha nAmakarma kA udaya hai tathA nimitta banane vAle kA mohanIya karma kA udaya hai - yaha cintana jaba calatA hai, to krodha kabhI nahIM AtA / 14. mahApuruSoM ne prANAntaka kaSToM ke Ane para bhI apanA santulana nahIM khoyA, unake jIvana se hama bhI zikSA grahaNa kareM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saMgama, zUlapANi, yakSa Adi para maitrIbhAva rkhaa| IsA masIha ne sUlI para laTakate samaya virodhiyoM ko bhI kSamA kara dene hetu prabhu se prArthanA kii| dayAnanda sarasvatI ne bhojana meM kA~ca pIsakara milAne vAle rasoie ke prati durbhAva nahIM kiyA / 15. krodha sahanazIlatA ke abhAva meM AtA hai| jaba vyakti ke anukUla na hokara pratikUla vicAra evaM kArya hotA hai, taba krodha AtA hai| aise avasara para 'mittI meM savvabhUesa siddhAnta ko apanAeM, to For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 313 hara prANI ke prati sahAnubhUti bana jAegI aura sneha-prema kA vAtAvaraNa bana jaaegaa| 16. eka dravya dUsare dravya kA kartA nahIM hai| 42 apane sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa vyakti svayaM hai, anya nhiiN| apane bhale-bure kie hue kA anya para AropaNa karane se kSamA prakaTa nahIM hogii| dUsaroM ko apanI icchA ke anukUla pariNamana karAne kI bhAvanA mithyAtva hai evaM krodhotpatti kA kAraNa hai, ataH tattvasvarUpa kA cintana karanA cAhie aura yaha mAnanA cAhie ki eka dravya dUsare dravya kA kartA nahIM hai| 17. Asrava, saMvara evaM nirjarA-bhAvanA kI anuprekSA karanA643- nadI yA samudra kI athAha jala-rAzi para tairatI naukA yA jahAja meM chidra hone para pAnI usameM praviSTa hone lagatA hai; vaise hI krodhAdi kaSAyarUpI chidra se AtmA meM karma-praveza hotA hai| naukA meM hue chidra ko baMda karane para jala-Agamana avaruddha ho jAtA hai; usI prakAra kSamA-bhAvapUrita AtmA meM karma-nirodha hotA hai| jisa prakAra nAva meM bhare jala ko kisI pAtra se bAhara pheMka dene se nAva halkI ho jAtI hai; usI prakAra kSamArUpI yatidharma kA pAlana karane se AtmA zuddha banatI hai| 18. uttarAdhyayanasUtra44 meM kahA hai - koha vijaeNaM bhaMte! jIve kiM jANayaI? uttara- koha vijaeNaM khaMti jaNayai, arthAt, krodha para vijaya karane se kyA prApta hotA hai ? uttara- krodha para vijaya karane se kSamAbhAva prakaTa hotA hai| kSamA mokSa kA dvAra hai| kSamA vIroM kA bhUSaNa hai| sahaja kSamA hI kSamA hai, kaSAya prerita kSamA, kSamA nahIM hai| kSamA karane se jo Ananda prApta hotA hai, vaha akathanIya hai| kSamA se zatru bhI hamezA mitra bana jAte haiN| kSamA se hI zAnti prApta hotI hai tathA ihaloka evaM paraloka -donoM sukhakArI banate haiN| yogazAstra meM kahA hai - "uttama AtmA ko krodharUpI agni tatkAla zAnta karane ke lie ekamAtra kSamA kA hI Azraya lenA caahie| 642 chaha ddhaalaa| 643 644 bAraha bhaavnaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 29, gAthA 68 For Personal & Private Use Only

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314 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kSamA hI krodhAgni ko zAnta kara sakatI hai| kSamA saMyamarUpI udyAna ko harA-bharA banAne ke lie kyArI hai|"645 isake alAvA krodha - vijaya ke kucha anya saMkSipta sUtra isa prakAra 1. krodha kA nimitta mile, taba mauna ho jAeM, yA sau se ulaTI ginatI par3hanA prArambha kara deM / 645 2. krodha kI avasthA meM eka bAra apanA ceharA darpaNa meM dekha leM, to Apa krodha karanA bhUla jaaeNge| 646 3. krodha meM eka gilAsa ThaMDA pAnI pI leM aura use thor3e samaya mukha meM hI rkheN| krodha-prasaMga milane para krodha - vijaya, krodha - zamana, krodha - niyaMtraNa aura krodha-viphala karane kI dizA meM uparyukta sUtroM meM se koI bhI sUtra kA sahI samaya para sahI upayoga kiyA jAe, to saphalatA avazya milegI, kyoMki krodha ko utpanna karanA jitanA sarala hai, use sameTanA utanA hI kaThina hai| hara pApa kA hara aparAdha kA zrIgaNeza krodha se hI hotA hai, krodha kI khurAka viveka hai| viveka ke abhAva meM hI krodha apanA sAmrAjya sthApita karatA hai| yadi krodha para kSamA kA aMkuza aura jAgrati kI lagAma rahe, to krodha kabhI bhI ahitakara nahIM hogA / 4. krodha meM sAmane vAlA agara agni ho rahA ho, to Apa pAnI bana jaaeN| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai apane-Apa para bhI kabhI krodha mata karo 1646 Adhunika manovijJAna meM krodha - saMvega (Emotion } aura AkrAmakatA kI mUlavRtti Adhunika manovijJAna meM krodha ko eka saMvega aura AkrAmakatA ko eka mUlapravRtti mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH, krodha kA janma taba hotA hai, jaba krodhavahnestadahnAya zamanAya zubhAtsabhiH / zrayaNIyA kSamaikaiva saMyamArAmasAraNiH / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 29 / 40 - yogazAstra 4/11 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 315 cAra mUlabhUta saMjJAoM, arthAt AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA upasthita hotI hai| krodha kI utpatti ke sAtha hI vyakti meM AkrAmakatA kI mUlavRtti abhivyakta hotI hai| prAthamika sthiti meM AkrAmakatA Aggression} saMrakSaNAtmaka hotI hai, lekina kAlAntara meM vaha eka taraha se vyakti ke svabhAva kA aMga bana jAtI hai| manovaijJAnika-dRSTi se AkrAmakatA krodha kI abhivyakti kA hI eka rUpa krodha meM vyakti svataH tanAvagrasta banatA hai aura usameM daihika aura mAnasika-parivartana ghaTita hote haiN| isameM pahale vyakti surakSAtmaka upAya ko khojatA hai, kintu zIghra hI vaha AkrAmaka-vRtti apanA letA hai| jaba kisI prANI ko yaha jJAta hotA hai ki koI dUsarA vyakti yA prANI usake astitva ke lie khatarA upasthita kara rahA hai, to vaha pahale apanI surakSA kA prayatna karatA hai aura phira usa surakSA ke lie dUsaroM para AkrAmaka ho jAtA hai, ataH krodha ke saMvega * aura AkrAmakatA kI mUlavRtti meM kahIM-na-kahIM eka sahasambandha rahA huA hai| krodha mAnasika aura daihika-asaMtulana ko janma detA hai aura jinheM vaha apane hita-sAdhana meM bAdhaka samajhatA hai, unake prati AkrAmaka bana jAtA hai| krodha ke do pakSa hote haiM- daihika aura mAnasika / mAnasika-stara para vyakti tanAvagrasta hotA hai aura apanA mAnasika saMtulana aura viveka-kSamatA kho baiThatA hai tathA daihika-stara para tAtkAlika-prakriyAeM karane lagatA hai| mAnasika-stara para usakI vivekazIlatA . aura vicAra-kSamatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| .. baccoM para kie gae adhyayanoM se yaha spaSTa huA hai ki jaba unheM lakSya vastu [Goal object} taka pahuMcane se roka diyA jAtA hai, to unameM eka taraha kI kuNThA {Erustration} utpanna hotI hai aura usa kuNThA se phira unameM AkrAmaka vyavahAra {Aggressive behaviour} kA janma hotA hai aura ve lakSya vastu kI ora AkrAmakatA dikhalAne lagate haiN| gItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "vastu ke prati AkarSaNa se kAmanAeM utpanna hotI haiM aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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316 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kAmanAoM kI pUrti meM bAdhA upasthita hone para svataH hI krodha kA bhAva A tA hai 47 daihika - stara para vicAra kareM, to krodha meM raktacApa bar3ha jAtA hai, hoMTha bhIMca jAte haiM aura A~kheM phaTI kI phaTI raha jAtI haiM / manovaijJAnika pro. giradhArIlAla zrIvAstava 648 ne kahA hai - "bhaya krodhAvasthA meM thAyarAiDa glaiNDa [galagranthi} samucita kArya nahIM karatI, jisase svAsthya para pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai|" svacAlita tantrikA - tantra kA anukampI - tantra krodhAveza meM hRdayagati, rakta-pravAha tathA nAr3I kI gati bar3hA detA hai, jisase pAcana-kriyA meM vighna AtA hai, rudhira kA dabAva bar3hatA hai tathA eDrinala glaiNDa (adhivRkka graMthi] uttejita hotI hai | 949 ,649 krodha aura AkrAmakatA kA saMvega jaba pradIpta hotA hai, taba zarIra kI UrjA naSTa hotI hai, zarIra kA hAsa hotA hai, bala kSINa hotA hai| manovijJAna kI mAnyatA hai- tIna minaTa kiyA gayA tIvra krodha aura AkrAmakatA kI avasthA nau ghaMTe kaThora parizrama karane jitanI zakti ko samApta kara detA hai 1 daihika - hAsa ke sAtha-sAtha jaba krodha - saMvega ke sAtha AkrAmakatA kI vRtti jur3a jAtI hai, to vyakti pratipakSI ke ahita ke lie bhI tatpara ho jAtA hai aura use zaktihIna banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| krodha meM jahA~ svayaM ke prati saMrakSaNAtmaka - vRtti hotI hai, vahIM dUsaroM ko ahita yA coTa paidA karane kA bhAva bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki manovaijJAnika-dRSTi se krodha - saMvega aura AkrAmakatA kI mUlavRtti ekadUsare se jur3I huI hai| krodha jaise-jaise sthAI rUpa letA hai, AkrAmakatA kI vRtti bhI sabala hotI jAtI hai| krodha meM vyakti dUsare kA ahita karane ke sAtha-sAtha apanA bhI ahita kara letA hai, apanI Atmazakti ko kho detA hai, ataH vibhinna dharma-paramparAoM meM krodha se bacane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, isIlie AdhyAtmika - logoM meM krodha para vijaya pAne ke lie kSamArUpI zastra ko apanAne kI bAta kahI gaI hai| gItA meM eka prazna pUchA gayA thA 647 dhyAyato viSayAnpuMsa saMgasteSUpajAyate / 648 649 saMgAtsaMjAyate kAmaH kAmAtkrodho'bhijAyate / / - gItA - 2/62 zikSA manovijJAna, pro. giradhArIlAla zrIvAstava, pR. 181 sAmAnya manovijJAna kI rUparekhA, DaoN. rAmanAtha zarmA, pR. 420-421 For Personal & Private Use Only "

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 317 -"vyakti pApa-pravRtti kaise karatA hai ? uttara meM kahA gayA - "kAma, krodha hI aise tattva haiM, jo vyakti ko pApa- pravRtti meM DAlate haiN| 650 __ sArAMzataH, jainadarzana kA kahanA hai ki krodha-saMjJA eka kaSAya hai, vaha AtmA ko patana ke garta meM DAlatA hai, usase bacane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| -------000------ 650 atha kena prayuktIDayaM pApaM carati purUSaH ... kAma eSa krodha eSa rajoguNasamudbhavaH | - gItA 3/36-37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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318 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adhyAya-7 mAna (ahaMkAra)-saMjJA Instinct of Pride} jaina-graMthoM meM.saMjJAoM kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA, saMjJAoM ke caturvidha vargIkaraNa 61, dazavidha vargIkaraNa 652 aura SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa milate haiN| caturvidha vargIkaraNa meM mukhya rUpa se una saMjJAoM kA vivecana hai, jo saMsArI-jIvoM meM mukhyatayA pAI jAtI haiN| cAra mUla saMjJAeM - AhArAdi to zarIra-dharma hone se kevalI ko chor3akara . sabhI meM pAI jAtI haiN| dazavidha vargIkaraNa meM cAra mUla saMjJAeM, cAra kaSAyakrodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha tathA loka aura ogha- ye saMjJAeM bhI prAyaH dasaveM guNasthAna ke pUrva ke sabhI jIvoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| ina dasa saMjJAoM meM kaSAyarUpa jo cAra saMjJAeM haiM, unameM krodha-saMjJA ke bAda mAna-saMjJA kA sthAna AtA hai| Age kI vivecanA meM hama mAna-saMjJA kI vistRta carcA kreNge| 'mAna' eka aisA manovikAra hai, jo svayaM ko ucca evaM dUsaroM ko nimna samajhane se utpanna hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga 654 meM kahA gayA hai -"abhimAnI ahaM meM cUra hokara dUsaroM ko parachAI ke samAna tuccha mAnatA hai|" DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra- manuSya meM svAbhimAna kI mUla pravRtti hai hI, parantu jaba svAbhimAna kI vRtti dambha yA pradarzana kA rUpa le letI hai, taba manuSya apane guNoM evaM yogyatAoM ko bar3he-car3he rUpa meM pradarzita karatA hai aura isa prakAra usake antaHkaraNa meM mAnavRtti kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| 52 samavAyAMga - 4/4 652 prajJApanAsUtra, pada-8 653 ka) abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa - 7, pR. 301 kha) AcArAMgasUtra - 1/2 24 aNNaM jaNaM passati biMbabhUyaM - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, a 13, gAthA 8 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 319 abhimAnI manuSya apanI ahaMvRtti kA poSaNa karatA rahatA hai| use apane se bar3hakara yA apanI barAbarI kA guNI vyakti koI dikhatA hI nhiiN| 655 dharmAmRta (anagAra)656 meM upamA ke mAdhyama se mAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai- 'jaise sUrya ke asta hone para andhakAra vyApta ho jAtA hai aura nizAcara (rAkSasa) bhramaNa karane lagate haiM, usI prakAra vivekarUpI sUrya jaba ahaMkArarUpI astAcala kI oTa meM lupta ho jAtA hai, to mohAndhakAra vyApta ho jAtA hai| rAgadveSarUpI nizAcara ghUmane lagate haiM, caurya, vyabhicAra Adi pApakarma panapane lagate haiN| prANI dRSTihIna hokara svacchandatApUrvaka unmArga meM pravartita hone lagate haiN|" ___ mokSamArga-prakAzaka 67 meM mAna kA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai ki abhimAnI vyakti svayaM ko ucca evaM anya ko nimna pradarzita karane kI icchA rakhatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa, vaha anya kI nindA karatA hai, svaprazaMsA hetu vivAhAdi kAryoM meM kSamatA se adhika vyaya karatA hai| yadi usakI icchA pUrNa na ho, to vaha atyanta santapta hotA hai| santApa kI tIvratA meM kabhI-kabhI viSa-bhakSaNa, agni-snAna Adi se AtmaghAta bhI kara letA hai| ___mAna-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se apane ko vizeSa samajhanA aura ahaMkAra, darpa, garva Adi ke rUpa meM jIva kI pariNati ko mAna-saMjJA kahate haiN|58 ahaMkAra kI manovRtti mAna-saMjJA kahalAtI hai| pravacanasAroddhAra meM kahA gayA hai - mAnakaSAya ke udayajanya garva kI kAraNabhUta avasthA yA bhAva mAnasaMjJA hai| jIvAtmA meM jIva athavA ajIva (dhana, sampatti) Adi ke kAraNa ahaMkArapUrNa manaHsthiti ko mAna-saMjJA kahate haiN| 007 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana- bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 501 656 dharmAmRta anagAra, a.6, zloka 10 mokSamArga prakAzaka, paM. ToDaramala, pR. 53 prajJApanAsUtra - 8/725 659 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna pariprekSya meM usakA mahatva, sA.DaoN. vinItaprajJA, pR.491 660 pravacanasAroddhAra, sA. hemaprabhA, dvAra 146, pR. 80 661 daNDaka prakaraNa, muni manitaprabhasAgara, pR. 310 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva arthAt, mAnasaMjJA kA jaba udaya hotA hai, taba vyakti yathArthatA ko bhUla jAtA hai tathA madonmatta hokara aneka pApakArya bhI kara DAlatA hai| yaha svayaM ke lie anarthakArI va dUsaroM ke lie bhI akalyANakArI hotA hai / jaba mAna hotA hai, taba vinamratA naSTa ho jAtI hai| jIvana meM saphalatA ke lie vinaya ati Avazyaka hai / dhana, sampatti, sukha, prasannatA, jJAnasAdhanA Adi sabhI kSetroM meM vinaya ke binA pragati nahIM kI jA sktii| jo jhukatA hai, vahI Age bar3hatA hai| jhukanA to jIvana kI pahacAna hai, jaisA ki urdU ke eka vidvAn ne kahA hai - 320 jhukatA vahI hai, jisameM kucha jJAna hai / akar3apana to khAsa, murde kI pahacAna hai / 663 abhimAna karanA ajJAnI kA lakSaNa hai| 002 jo apanI prajJA ke ahaMkAra meM dUsaroM kI avajJA karatA hai, vaha mUrkhabuddhi (bAlaprajJa) hai| mAna kA prabhAva itanA prabala hai ki vaha dharma ko bhI adharma banA detA hai / jaise jahara peya ko apeya banA detA hai, vaise hI ahaMkAra bhI puNya ko pApa, dharma ko adharma banA detA hai / japa, tapa, dAna, dayA Adi meM jaba yaha mAnarUpI pApa chA jAtA hai, to ina kriyAoM ko nirjarA-rUpa phala prApta nahIM ho sakatA hai| umAsvAtijI mahArAja ne ThIka hI kahA hai - "jAti, kula Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke mada se unmatta jIva pizAca kI taraha duHkhI hote haiM aura paraloka meM jAti Adi kI hInatA nizcita prApta karate haiN| 004 ahaMkAra patana kI nizAnI hai, kabhI bhI abhimAna lAbhakara nahIM hotA / dIpaka jaba bujhane kI taiyArI meM hotA hai, taba kSaNabhara ke lie lau Upara uThatI hai aura bahuta teja prakAza bikheratI hai, paraMtu yaha to usake bujhane kI nizAnI hai, isI prakAra, tIvra abhimAna bhI nIce girane (patana) kI nizAnI hai| jaba vyakti abhimAna se bhara jAtA hai, to use hita-ahita kA bhAna nahIM rahatA / svayaM kA mahattva sarvopari ho jAtA hai| vyakti jo socatA hai, usI ko sahI mAnatA hai| mAna ke kAraNa hRdaya se saba sadguNa usI prakAra vidA hone lagate haiM, jisa prakAra tAlAba kA pAnI sUkhane para usake 662 bAlajaNo pagabhaI / - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/11/2 663 annaM jaNa khiMsai bAlapanne / - vahI, 1/13/14 664 jAtyAdimadonmataH pizAcavada bhavati dukhitazceha / jAtyAdi hInatA parabhave ca niH saMzaya labhate / / - prazamarati, gAthA 198 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva taTa para rahane vAle pakSI anyatra cale jAte haiN| bhArI cIja kabhI Upara nahIM uThatI hai, nIce hI giratI hai| U~cA uThane ke lie ahaMkAra ke bhAra ko kama karake mana ke bhAvoM ko halkA banAnA Avazyaka hai| mAna ke vibhinna rUpa mAna jIvana ko gahare patana - - garta meM dhakelane vAlI eka manovRtti hai / isa jagat meM dekhA jAe, to eka se bar3hakara eka abhimAnI milate haiM / kisI ko apanI - jAti kula kA abhimAna hai, to kisI ko apane rUpa para garva hai| koI apane dhana-vaibhava para itarAtA hai, to koI apanI tapasyA kA ghamaNDa karatA hai| kisI ko apanI upalabdhiyoM para mAna hai, kisI ko apane jJAna kA garva hai, to kisI ko apanI buddhi kA mada hai| mAna aneka rUpoM meM prakaTa hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM mAna ke bAraha rUpoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, vahIM samavAyAMgasUtra meM gyAraha nAmoM kA ullekha hai| inameM purnAma ko chor3akara sabhI samAna haiM 1. mAna, 2. mada, 3. darpa, 4. stambha, 5. garva, 6. AtmotkarSa, 7. paraparivAda, 8 utkarSa, 9. apakarSa, 10. unnatanAma, 11. unnata, 12. purnAma / 666 zrI abhayadevasUri dvArA bhagavatIsUtra ke vRtti - anuvAda meM ina rUpoM kA artha- nirUpaNa nimna prakAreNa kiyA gayA hai| - 665 666 667 668 - 667 1. mAna jisa karma ke udaya se mAna-bhAva utpanna hotA hai, vaha karma hI mAna hai| 07 apane kisI guNa para ahaMvRtti karanA, athavA AtmapUjA kI AkAMkSA se utpanna ahaMkAra mAna hai| 668 2. 2. mada zakti kA ahaMkAra mada kahalAtA hai| - 669 670 sthAnAMgasUtra evaM samavAyAMgasUtra meM mada ke ATha prakAra batAe gae haiM- 1. jAtimada, 2. kulamada, 3 rUpamada, 4. balamada, 5. zrutamada, 6. tapamada, 7. lAbhamada, 8. aizvaryamada / 671 321 mANe, made, dappe, zaMbhe, gavve, uttukkose, paraparivAe, ukkose, avakkose, uNNate, uNNAme, duNNAme - bhagavatIsUtra, za. 12, u. 5, sUtra 104 mANe, made, dappe, thaMbhe / - samavAyAMgasUtra, 52, sUtra 1 bhagavatIsUtra, za. 12, u.5, sUtra 3 kI vRtti sarvadAtmapUjA''kAMkSitvAt mAnaH / - tattvArthasUtrAdhigama bhASyavRtti - 8 / 10 kI TIkA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #328
322 (i) jAtimada mUla meM AtmA kI koI jAti nahIM hotI hai / samAja meM varNa-vyavasthA (jAtiyA~) karma ke AdhAra para nirmita huI haiN| ye jAtiyA~ cAra haiM- brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra / samAja meM jAti ke AdhAra para loga apane ko bar3A samajhate haiM / brAhmaNa - jAti meM utpanna hone vAlA zreSTha hai, vahIM zUdra jAti meM utpanna honA azreSTha hai - aisA bhAva hI jAtimada hai| varNa aura jAti kI vyavasthA sirpha vyavasAya ke AdhAra para huI thI, na ki jAti ke AdhAra para / bhUgavAn ne bhI kahA hai karma se hI vyakti brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra hotA hai, ataH jAti kA abhimAna chor3ane yogya hai| harikezacANDAla ne pUrvajanma meM brAhmaNa - jAti meM janma lekara jAtimada ke kAraNa aisA karmasaMcaya kiyA ki varttamAna bhava meM cANDAla (zUdra) jAti meM utpanna huaa| 73 = 672 (ii) kulamada kulamada, arthAt acche khAnadAna meM utpanna hone kA mada / acche kula meM janma le lene se koI vyakti bar3A nahIM ho jAtA, balki apane kAryoM se bar3A banatA hai, jaise harikezI muni apane sukAryoM se hI mahAn bne| jisa kula meM mahAn puruSoM kA janma hotA hai, vaha kula zreSTha kahalAtA hai / ajJAna ke kAraNa hI vyakti kula kA mada karatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tIsarA bhava marIci kA thA / usa samaya marIci ahaMkAra se nAcane lagA, jaba bharata cakravartI ne use vandana kara kahA 'tuma bhaviSya meM vAsudeva, cakravarttI evaM tIrthaMkara - tInoM pada ke bhoktA banoge / ' marIci vicAra karane lagA- 'mere dAdA tIrthaMkara, mere pitA cakravartI aura maiM zreSThAtizreSTha tIna padavI prApta kruuNgaa| aho ! hamArA kula kitanA 669 aTTha mayaTTANA paNNattA, taM jahA jAtimae, kulamae, balamae, rUvamae, tavamae, sutamae, lAbhamae, issariyamae / - sthAnAMgasUtra - 8/21 samavAyAMgasUtra - 8/1 670 671 yogazAstra - 4/13 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 672 kammuNA baMbhaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khattio / iso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kammuNA / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 12/1 673 = uttarAdhyayanasUtra 25 / 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #329
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 323 uttama hai|' isa kulamada ke pariNAmasvarUpa marIci ko mahAvIra ke bhava meM bayAsI dinoM taka devAnandA brAhmaNI kI kukSi meM rahanA pdd'aa| .. (iii) rUpamada zArIrika-vaibhava milanA alaga bAta hai aura usa rUpa kI cakAcauMdha meM andhA na bananA alaga bAta hai| deha kA lAvaNya-saundarya brahmAtmA ko madonmatta banA detA hai aura usa rUpa kI rozanI meM use saba kucha sAmAnya/nimna dikhAI detA hai| sanatkumAra cakravartI ke rUpa kI prazaMsA indra ne jaba sabhA meM kI; taba do deva rUpa parivartana kara dharA para aae| sanatkumAra snAna hetu samupasthita the| Adeza prApta kara brAhmaNadvaya sanatkumAra kI rUpa-mAdhurI kA pAna karake vAha-vAha kara isa prakAra bola uThe - "rAjana! devarAja indra se jaisA zravaNa kiyA thA, usase kahIM adhika suMdara hai ApakA saundarya / " brAhmaNoM ke isa kathana para sanatakumAra garvonmatta ho uThe aura bole -"he viproM! abhI kyA dekhate ho ? jaba vastrAbhUSaNoM se susajjita hokara sabhA meM hamArA Agamana ho, taba ina A~khoM ko khulI rkhnaa| cakravartI rUpamada se chalachalAte jaba rAjasabhA meM praviSTa hue; taba donoM brAhmaNoM ko dekha garvabharI haMsI haMsa par3e - "kaho! Apa mauna kyoM haiM ?" brAhmaNarUpadhArI devoM ke cehare para udAsI chA gaI aura unhoMne sanatkumAra se kahA -"rAjana! aba usa sundaratA meM dImaka laga cukI hai| Apako vizvAsa na ho, to svarNapAtra meM thUkakara dekha liijie| kitane kIr3e kulabulA rahe haiM ?" aisA sunakara cakravartI deha-nazvaratA ke cintana meM kho gae aura vairAgya ke pathika bne| (iv) balamada 1. pratyeka manuSya kI apanI-apanI zArIrika-saMracanA hotI hai| kisI kI dehaM sugaThita, baliSTha hotI hai, kisI kI deha nirbl| apane zaurya, parAkrama kA ahaMkAra karanA balamada hai| itihAsa meM anekoM aise vyaktiyoM ke 674 zrI kalpasUtra, mahAvIra prabhu ke sattAisa bhava yogazAstra, 4/13 vyAkhyA 675 For Personal & Private Use Only

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324 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva udAharaNa milate haiM, jinhoMne apane bala ke mada meM nirdoSa-niraparAdhoM para atyAcAra kiyaa| 676 samrATa azoka.7" ne kaliMga yuddha meM bastiyoM ko zmazAna banA diyA thaa| raNakSetra meM lAzoM ke Dhera lage the, khUna kI nadiyA~ baha calI thiiN| apanI vijaya para prasanna bane samrATa azoka ko jaba bhikSu upagupta ne raNakSetra kA dRzya dikhAyA, to unakA hRdaya pazcAtApa se bhara utthaa| unakI A~kheM nama ho gaI, sira glAni se jhuka gyaa| unhoMne apane bala kA upayoga janahAni nahIM, janahita ke lie karane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| (v) zrutamada jJAna virAT hai, isakA pAra nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| jJAna kA abhimAna jJAna ko viSAkta banA detA hai| zAstrakAroM ne kahA bhI hai. - "suyalAbhe na majjijjA" 1 arthAt, zruta pAkara bhI vyakti ko mada nahIM karanA caahie| zrutajJAna se mAnava - jIvana meM namratA, sahiSNutA, kSamA, viveka Adi guNa AnA caahie| isake viparIta, yadi uddaNDatA, aviveka evaM mada Adi pravRtti AtI hai, to vaha jJAna vyartha hai / jJAnI ko apane jJAna para ghamaNDa na kara usa jJAna ko dUsaroM meM bA~TanA cAhie / AtmA ananta jJAnAdi guNoM se sampanna hai / pratyeka AtmA meM triloka evaM trikAlajJAtA banane kI zakti chipI hai| isa Atmazakti ko vismRta kara jaba alpajJAna meM adhikatA kA bodha ho jAtA hai, to mAna ko naSTa karane meM samartha jJAna hI mAna kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai, jaise- mAstuSa muni ne jJAna kA mada kiyA thA, to unheM eka bhI zabda yAda nahIM rahatA thA / upAdhyAya yazovijayajI vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, nyAyazAstra Adi saba zAstroM kA adhyayana kara SaTdarzana ke pAragAmI bane / kAzI meM vidyAbhyAsa kara unhoMne pA~ca sau paNDitoM ko vAda meM parAjita kiyaa| zabda-vidyA kI vizAlatA, buddhi kI prabalatA, tarkazakti kI prakharatA, vaktRtvakalA meM vAcAlatA Adi aneka bAhya - zaktiyoM kA bala prApta hone para ve garviSTha bana gae / pravacana - sabhA meM ve apanI zakti ke pradarzanarUpa 676 kathA-saMgraha 677 kathA-saMgraha For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva pA~ca-pA~ca dhvajAeM apane samakSa rakhate the| eka bahana ne vaMdana kara unase pUchA- "upAdhyAyajI! gautama svAmI kitane vidvAn the ?" yazovijayajI gaMbhIra svara meM kahane lage "ve to mahAvidvAn the| ve jJAna ke sindhu the, hama to bindu bhI nahIM haiM / " bahana ne hAtha jor3akara namra nivedana kiyA "prabho! phira ve apanI vyAkhyAna sabhA meM kitanI dhvajAe~ rakhate the ?" sahaja bhASA meM kie gae isa prazna ne zrI yazovijayajI ko jhakajhora diyaa| unheM apane ahaMkAra kA bodha huA / - (vi) tapamada tapa apUrva kalpavRkSa hai, mokSa - sukha kI prApti isakA phala hai, para tapa kA mada karanA acchA nahIM hai / kucha tapasyAe~ karake vyakti apane ko tapasvI samajhane lagatA hai, jo vikRti kA kAraNa hai| ghamaNDa se tapasyA karane vAloM kI jo zArIrika zakti hai, vaha kSaNabhara meM hI samApta ho jAtI hai / karor3oM kI kImata kA mAla kaur3iyoM meM bika jAtA hai| tapasviyoM kI nindA karanA, AzAtanA karanA bhI tapamada kI koTi meM AtA hai| 678 kuragaDu muni ko kSudhAvedanIya karma ke udaya se ve bhUkha ko sahana nahIM kara sakate the| saMvatsarI' jaise parvadivasa meM bhI unhoMne cAvala kA AhAra lekara maryAdA ke anusAra sabhI muniyoM ko AhAra ke lie nimantrita kiyaa| mAsakSamaNa tapasvI munivRnda tapasyA ke ahaMkAra se grasta thA / eka muni ne kruddha hokara AhAra para thUkate hue kahA- " dhik ! saMvatsarI ko bhI khAne baiTha ge|" isa tiraskAra se bhI muni kuragaDu vicalita nahIM hue, apitu muni ke thUka ko ghI mAnakara cAvala meM milA liyaa| ve vicAra karane lage 'aho! tapasvI muni kA prasAda prApta huA hai| maiM to adhama, pAmara, tuccha prANI hU~, AhAralubdha jIva hU~, ataH eka dina ke lie bhI AhAra-tyAga nahIM kara paataa|' samatA ke bala se muni usI samaya kevalajJAnI bneN| - - (vii) lAbhamada - puNyayoga jaba prabala hotA hai; taba paga-paga para saphalatA kI vijayamAlA milatI hai| apane puruSArtha se kamAe hue lAbha para vyakti ko 'kathA-saMgraha 325 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #332
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva garva hotA hai| kaI bAra acAnaka lAbha ho jAne para bhI vyakti ghamaNDI ho jAtA hai, isa kAraNa vaha dUsaroM kA apamAna bhI kara detA hai| lAbhamada patana kA kAraNa hai| vyakti dvArA lAbha kA sadupayoga karane para hI vRddhi kI prApti hotI hai, varanA nAza ho jAtA hai, ataH lAbhamada tyAjya hai| lAbha lobha ko bar3hAtA hai| kahA bhI hai 326 lAhA loho pavaDDhaI - uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 8 /17 subhUma cakravarttI 79 SaTkhaNDAdhipati the / cakravartI padabhoktA, caudaha ratnoM ke svAmI subhUma ko atula sampadA prApta hone para bhI saMtoSa nahIM thA / saptama khaNDa jItane kI unakI bhAvanA balavatI banane lagI / devavANI se inkAra hone para bhI vijayonmAda meM unake kadama bar3ha cale / athAha jalarAzi para tairatA devAdhiSThita jalayAna acAnaka eka deva ke mana meM vicAra AyA 'yadi maiM kucha kSaNoM ke lie apanA sthAna chor3a dU~, to kyA hAni ho ?' yahI vicAra una samasta devoM ke mana meM usI samaya AyA, jinhoMne jahAja saMbhAlA huA thaa| devoM ke jahAja se haTate hI vaha jalayAna sAgara kI atala gaharAI meM jA pahuMcA aura sAtaveM khaNDa kI vijaya kA svapna lie subhUma cakravartI agalI jIvana-yAtrA para cala pdd'aa| (viii) aizvaryamada - dhana, dhAnya, jamIna, jAyadAda Adi kA mada karanA aizvaryamada hai / ye cIjeM asthAyI haiM; sadaiva banI nahIM rahatI, ataH inakA mada nahIM karanA caahie| sampatti va sattA kA moha vyakti ko bhrAnta kie binA nahIM rahatA hai, kyoMki sampatti Asakti ko evaM sattA ahaMkAra ko janma detI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM eka vidvAn ne kahA hai yauvanaM dhana-sampattiH prabhutvamavivekitA / ekaikamapyanarthAya kimu yatra catuSTayaH / / arthAt, yuvAvasthA ho, pracura dhanarAzi ho, usa para apanI hI sattA ho aura viveka kA abhAva ho - ina cAroM meM se eka bhI avaguNa anarthakArI 679 kathA-saMgraha For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hai, phira cAroM eka sAtha hoM, to kahanA hI kyA ? arthAt ghora anartha hogA / maiM atula vaibhavasampanna hU~ - aisA abhimAna aizvaryamada kahalAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra eka bAra dazArNapura nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM pdhaare| rAjA dazArNabhadra 680 hAthI para savAra hokara vizAla lAva-lazkara se susajjita caturaMgiNI senA, nAnA prakAra ke nRtyagAna - vRMda evaM vAdyayantroM sahita ThATha-bATa ke sAtha sonA-cA~dI tathA ratnoM kA dAna detA huA prabhu ke pAsa pahuMcA aura unakA vaMdana kiyaa| rAjA ko garva thA ki jisa samRddhi ke sAtha maiMne prabhu ko vaMdana kiyA, aisA vandana karane ko cakravartI tathA zakrendra bhI samarthavAn nahIM haiM / avadhijJAna se zakrendra ne jaba vizAla julUsa ke sAtha garvonnata rAjA ko dekhA, taba tatkAla indra apanI pUrNa vyavasthA ke sAtha prabhu ke vaMdana hetu Ae, indra ke vimAna ko dekha rAjA vismaya-mugdha ho gayA - "kaisA adbhuta vimAna / hajAroM hAthI, eka-eka airAvata hAthI kI ATha-ATha sU~Da / pratyeka sU~Da para virATa kamala / kamala kI karNikAoM para nRtya karatI apsarAe~ / " dazArNabhadra kA ceharA nisteja ho gyaa| usakA ahaMkAra barpha kI taraha galane lagA, aizvaryamada bikhara gayA / saMyamaraMga meM usakA mana raMga gayA aura vaha prabhucaraNoM meM dIkSita ho gayA / 3. darpa bala se utpanna ahaMkAra 81 athavA garva meM hokara duSTatA kA paricaya denA darpa hai cUra I 680 681 682 683 - 5. garva 682 4. stambha namratA kA abhAva, na jhukane kI manovRtti stambha hai / kaSAyapAhur3a meM anargala yA vacanAlApa ko stambha kahA gayA hai| garva hai| - 327 683 zakti kA ahaMkAra " yA jAti Adi kA ahaMkAra karanA 6. AtmotkarSa bhAva AtmotkarSa hai / apanI vidvattA, vibhUti yA khyAti kI uccatA kA sAmAyikasUtra, gAthA 1 darpo balakRtaH 1 - tattvArthasUtrAdhigama, bhASyavRtti - 8 / 10 kI TIkA staMbhanAt staMbhaH avanaterabhAvAt / - tattvArthasUtrAbhigama, bhASyavRtti - 8 / 10 kI TIkA garyo jAtyAdiH / - vahI For Personal & Private Use Only

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328 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 7. paraparivAda - ahaMkAra kI vaha manodazA, jisake vazIbhUta manuSya dUsaroM kI hInatA pradarzita karatA hai| 8. utkarSa - utkRSTatA kI bhAvanA, 684 athavA apanI Rddhi kA pradarzana utkarSa mAna hai| 9. apakarSa - abhimAnapUrvaka hiMsaka-pravRtti meM saMlagna honA athavA anya kisI ko usa kriyA meM pravRtta karanA apakarSa hai| 10. unnata - mAnavaza nIti kA tyAga karake anIti krnaa| 11. unnAma - vandanIya ko vandana na karanA, namaskAra karane vAle ko prati-namaskAra nahIM krnaa| 12. durnAma - doSapUrNa namana, vaMdanIya ko abhimAna, anicchA evaM avidhi se vandana krnaa| kaSAyapAhuDasUtra685 meM mAna ke dasa paryAya ullekhita haiM - mAna, mada, darpa, stambha, utkarSa, prakarSa, samutkarSa, AtmotkarSa, paribhava, utsikt| ina dasa paryAyoM meM cAra paryAya 'bhagavatIsUtra' meM nirdiSTa paryAyoM se bhinna haiN| * prakarSa- apanI vidvattA, vibhUti athavA khyAti ko prakaTa krnaa| * samutkarSa - utkarSa aura prakarSa ke lie samucita puruSArtha krnaa| * paribhava - dUsare kA tiraskAra yA apmaan| * utsikta - AtmotkarSa se uddhata yA garvayukta honaa| ahaMbhAvaM kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke anusAra mAna ke cAra bheda 686_ 684 80 sUtrakRtAMga- 1/2/51 685 kaSAya cUrNi, a 9, gAthA 87 kA hindI anuvAda ka) tinizalatA-kASThAsthika-zelastaMbhovamo maanH| - prathama karmagrantha, gAthA 19 kha) cattAri thaMbhA paNNattA taM jahA 1. selathaMbhe, 2. aTThiyoM, 3. dArUthaMbhe, 4. tinnislaataathNbhe| - sthAnAMgasUtra -4/2/293 ga) samavAyAMgasUtra- 16/111 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke preskatattva 329 1. anaMtAnubandhI-mAna - anaMtAnubandhI mAna sabase vikaTa hai| yaha patthara se bane staMbha ke samAna hai| bahuta koziza karane se bhI staMbha jhukatA nahIM hai, TUTa jAtA hai, para mur3atA nahIM hai, usI prakAra anaMtAnubandhI mAna se yukta jIvAtmA kitane hI prayatna kie jAne para bhI abhimAna nahIM chor3atA hai| vaha prANa nyauchAvara kara detA hai, parantu samajhane-jhukane aura mAphI mAMgane ko taiyAra nahIM hotA hai| "patthara ke khaMbhe ke samAna jIvana meM kabhI nahIM jhukane vAlA ahaMkAra AtmA ko narakagati kI ora le jAtA hai| 687 2. apratyAkhyAnI-mAna - apratyAkhyAnI-mAna asthi ke samAna kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra asthi bahuta sAre upAya karane para bhI mahA kaSTa evaM mahAmuzkila se mur3atI hai, usI prakAra apratyAkhyAnI-mAna se yukta jIvAtmA bahuta kaThinAI se samajhatA hai, jhukatA hai| 3. pratyAkhyAnI-mAna - pratyAkhyAnI-mAna lakar3I ke samAna hai| netara kI DaMDI jaldI mur3a jAtI hai, parantu lakar3I kI DaMDI jaldI nahIM mur3atI hai, bahuta koziza karane para mur3atI hai| ThIka usI prakAra, pratyAkhyAnI-mAna vAlA jIva jaldI nahIM jhukatA hai| 4. saMjvalana-mAna - mAna vyakti ko namane se rokatA hai, khamane se TokatA hai| cAra prakAra ke mAna meM se saMjvalana-mAna netara kI DaMDI ke samAna kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra netara kI DaMDI AsAnI se mur3a jAtI hai, usI prakAra saMjvalana-mAna vAlA vyakti bhI AsAnI se samajha jAtA hai aura mada kA tyAga kara detA hai| mAnotpatti ke kAraNa sthAnAMgasUtra 688 aura prajJApanAsUtra 689 meM mAnotpatti ke cAra kAraNa batAe gae haiM 1. kSetra ke kAraNa- kheta, bhUmi Adi adhika hone para mAna krnaa| 687 sthAnAMgasUtra - 4/2 688 cauhi ThANehiM mANuppatI sitA, taM jahA -khettaM, paDuccA, vatthu paDuccA, sarIraM paDuccA, uvahi pdduccaa| evaM NeraipANaM jAva vemaanniyaannN| -sthAnAMgasUtra- 4/1/81 689 prajJApanAsUtra, pada 14, sUtra 961 For Personal & Private Use Only

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330 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 2. vAstu ke kAraNa - ghara, dukAna, pharnIcara Adi ke kAraNa mAna krnaa| 3. zarIra ke kAraNa - zarIra kI sundaratA, lAvaNya, zreSTha svastha zarIra ke prApta hone para mAna krnaa| 4. upadhi ke kAraNa - sAmAnya sAdhana-sAmagrI, kAra, moTara, vAhana-suvidhA Adi anukUla hone para mAna krnaa| .. sthAnAMgasUtra meM mAna-utpatti ke ATha evaM dasa sthAnoM kA bhI ullekha hai| nimna dasa kAraNoM se puruSa apane-Apako 'maiM hI sabase zreSTha hU~'- aisA mAnakara abhimAna karatA hai| mada ke ATha prakAroM meM jAti, kula, bala Adi zreSTha hone para ve mAnotpatti kA kAraNa banate haiN| 1. merI jAti sarvazreSTha hai - isa prakAra jAti ke mada se| 2. merA kula sabase zreSTha hai - isa prakAra kula ke mada se| 3. maiM sabase adhika balavAn hU~ - isa prakAra bala ke mada se| 4. maiM sabase adhika rUpavAn hU~ - isa prakAra rUpa ke mada se| 5. merA tapa sabase utkRSTa hai - isa prakAra tapa ke mada se| 6. maiM zruta-pAraMgata hU~ - isa prakAra zAstrajJAna ke mada se| 7. mere pAsa sabase adhika lAbha ke sAdhana haiM - isa prakAra lAbha ke mada se| 8. merA aizvarya sabase bar3hA-car3hA hai - isa prakAra aizvarya ke mada se| 9. mere pAsa nAgakumAra yA svarNakumAra deva daur3akara Ate haiM - isa prakAra ke bhAva se| 10. mujhe sAmAnyajanoM kI apekSA viziSTa avadhijJAna aura avadhidarzana utpanna huA hai - isa prakAra ke bhAva se| uparyukta prakAra ke bhAvoM se mAna utpanna hotA hai| mAnotpatti ke nimna kAraNa bhI ho sakate haiM - 690 dasahiM ThANehiM, ahamaMtIti thaMbhijjA taM jahA - jAtimaeNa, vA, kulamaeNa...... meM aMtiyaM havvamAgacchaMti, purisadhammAto vA me uttarie, Ahodhie, NANadaMsaNe smuppnneN| - sthAnAMgasUtra- 10/12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1. dUsaroM ke dvArA apanI prazaMsA sunakara apane ko mahAn samajhane kI pravRtti honA / 2. bhautika vastuoM va sukhoM meM vizeSa mamatva honA / 3. pUrvasaMcita mAna - mohanIya karmaprakRti kA udaya honA / 4. anukUla paristhitiyoM ke hamezA banI rahane kA mithyA bhulAvA honA / 5. apane se U~ce aura bar3e guNavAnoM ke prati zraddhA va Adara kA bhAva na honA / gautama svAmI ne pUchA - "he prabho ! mAna kina - kina para pratiSThita hai, nirbhara hai ?" prabhu ne kahA "mAna cAra bAtoM para nirbhara hai|" usake cAra prakAra haiM - AtmapratiSThita, parapratiSThita, tadubhayapratiSThita, apratiSThita / ,691 - 691 1. AtmapratiSThita jo mAna apane kisI guNa para yA apanI kisI vastu para pratiSThita hotA hai, vaha AtmapratiSThita - mAna kahalAtA hai, jaise - 'maiM kuzala vaktA hU~, maiM bahuta bar3A kalAkAra hU~, mere pAsa nae-purAne graMthoM kI suvizAla lAyabrerI hai, mere pAsa basa, helikaoNpTara, havAI - jahAz2a Adi haiN| 2. parapratiSThita jo mAna dUsaroM kI hInatA para TikA ho, vaha parapratiSThita-mAna hotA hai, jaise dUsare loga nimna jAti meM utpanna hue haiM, kamajora haiM, nirakSara haiM, nirdhana haiM, Darapoka haiN| unase viparIta, maiM ucca jAti meM utpanna huA hU~, balavAn hU~ / - 3. tadubhayapratiSThita jo mAna apanI uccatA aura dUsaroM kI hInatA para eka sAtha AdhArita ho, vaha tadubhayapratiSThita hai, jaisevaha pApI hai, maiM puNyAtmA hU~, vaha hiMsaka hai, maiM ahiMsaka hU~, vaha nirdayI hai, maiM dayAlu hU~ Adi / 331 - 4. apratiSThita jo mAna binA kisI AdhAra ke svAbhAvika-sA ho, use apratiSThita mAna kaheMge, jaise koI apane-Apako sabase bar3A AdamI samajhe, bhale hI usameM bar3appana ke koI guNa na hoN| yaha aviveka kI sImA hai, eka prakAra kA nazA hai, behozI kI avasthA upattiTTite mANe paNNatte, taM jahA AtapaTThite, parapatiTThite, tadubhayapatiTThite, apatiTThite / * sthAnAMgasUtra- 4 / 1 /77 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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332 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hai, jisameM vyakti ko na apane guNa-avaguNoM kI samajha hai, na dUsaroM ke guNa-avaguNoM kii| yaha kahate atizayokti nahIM hogI ki abhimAna ke kAraNa pAgala bane vyakti isI zreNI meM gine jAte yaha cAra prakAra ke mAna nAraka se lekara vaimAnika taka ke sabhI jIvoM meM hote haiN| mAna ke duSpariNAma abhimAna, garva, ahaMkAra ye saba 'mAna' zabda ke hI samAnArthI haiN| isa mAnarUpI zatru ko pahacAnanA isalie Avazyaka hai, kyoMki isake jIvana meM praveza hone para bhI hameM yaha khyAla nahIM rahatA ki hamameM mAnarUpI zatru praveza kara hamAre Antarika-pariNAmoM ko dUSita kara rahA hai| krodha saMvega ko to mAnasika azAMti aura zArIrika kriyAkalApoM se pahacAna sakate haiM aura zabdoM kI abhivyakti ke dvArA krodha kA vamana bhI zIghra ho jAtA hai, parantu krodha se bhI bhayaMkara mAna hai| mAna kA vamana zIghra nahIM hotA, vaha to samaya ke sAtha aura puSTa hotA jAtA hai aura abhimAna meM cUra hokara dUsaroM ko parachAI ke samAna tuccha samajhatA hai| 692 jJAnArNava meM zubhacandrAcArya kA kathana hai -"abhimAnI vinaya kA ullaMghana karatA hai aura svecchAcAra meM pravartana karatA hai|"693 yogazAstra meM hemacandrAcArya ne kahA hai 694 - "mAna vinaya, zruta aura sadAcAra kA hanana karane vAlA hai, dharma, artha aura kAma kA ghAtaka hai, vivekarUpI cakSu ko naSTa karane vAlA hai|" mAna kA moTA artha 'maiM' kI bhAvanA honA hai| ahaMkAra se hI abhimAna, krodha, IrSyA, dveSa, ghRNA Adi mAnasika-doSa utpanna hote haiN| apane-Apako dUsaroM se zreSTha samajhanA aura svayaM ko adhika mahattva denA ahaMkAra hotA hai| yaha buddhi aura viveka ko naSTa karatA hai tathA apane mukAbale dUsaroM ko tuccha samajhane kI bhAvanA paidA karatA hai| ajJAnI jIva ke jaba puNya kA udaya hotA hai, taba anukUla 692 aNNaM jaNaM passati biMbabhUyaM - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, a.13, gAthA 8 693 karotyuddhatadhIrmAnAdvinayAcAralaghanam -jJAnArNava, sarga 19, gAthA 53 694 vinaya-zruta-zIlAnAM trivargasya ca ghAtakaH / viveka-locanaM lumpan, mAno'ndhaMkaraNo nRNAm / / - yogazAstra- 4/12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva saMyogoM kI prApti meM mAna-manovikAra kA udaya vizeSa rUpa se hotA hai / ucca-kula, svastha zarIra, lAvaNyavatI strI, pratibhAzAlI santAna, sukha-suvidhA, samAja meM satkAra - sammAna, kArya meM prazaMsA, kalAkauzala meM pravINatA Adi kAraNoM se abhimAna AkAza ko chUne lagatA hai| tapa, jJAna Adi zaktiyoM kI prApti ajJAnAvasthA meM madAndha banA detI hai| abhimAnI ke pAMva dharatI para nahIM ttikte| vaha apane samakSa anya ko tuccha mAnatA hai / darpa evaM dInatA - donoM mAna haiM / prApti meM darpa aura abhAva meM dInatA hotI hai| apane-Apako bar3A yA zreSTha mAnane kI bhAMti apane-Apako tuccha mAnanA bhI ahaMkAra hai 1 ahaMkArI svayaM ko U~cA pradarzita karane hetu anya vyaktiyoM kA avarNavAda (nindA) karatA hai, anya vyaktiyoM kA tiraskAra kara unheM zatru banA letA hai| itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki saMsAra meM apane samaya kI bar3I-se-bar3I hastiyoM kA ahaMkAra bhI samaya Ane para cUra-cUra huA hai, unheM apamAna aura tiraskAra sahana karanA par3A hai| ahaMkAra kA jaba atireka ho jAtA hai, taba do aura cAra jaisI sIdhI bAta bhI samajha meM nahIM aatii| prajApAla rAjA ne ahaMkAra ke kAraNa apanI putrI mainAsundarI kA vivAha kor3hI puruSa ke sAtha kara diyaa| 5 maMtrI, rAnI aura sabhAjanoM - sabhI ne manA kiyA, para ahaMkAra ke kAraNa unheM koI samajhA na sakA / zrIkRSNa duryodhana jaise abhimAnI ko samajhA nahIM sake the| rAvaNa ko bhI usake bhAI vibhISaNa ne aura rAnI mandodarI ne bahuta samajhAyA thA ki vaha sItA ko vApasa lauTA de, parantu rAvaNa ne kisI kI bAta nahIM sunii| khaMdaka RSi ne kAcare ke chilake nikalavAne para ahaMkAra kiyA thA, isa kAraNa unheM dUsare bhava meM svayaM kI camar3I utaravAnA pdd'ii| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, AgamazAstra, itihAsa Adi ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki mAnavRtti evaM ahaMkAra mAnava vikAsa meM sadA bAdhaka banakara hI rahA hai| 695 zrIpAlamayaNA caritra 333 For Personal & Private Use Only

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334 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva mAna ke duSpariNAma nimna haiM - 1. mAna se vinaya-guNa naSTa hotA hai - dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA hai -'mANo viNaya nAsaNo' 696, arthAt mAna vinaya-guNa kA nAza karatA hai aura vinaya naSTa hone para vyakti dharma karane ke lie yogya nahIM rahatA hai, kyoMki dharmarUpI mahala meM praveza karane kA dvAra vinaya hai| 'vinaya dhammo mUlo- dharma kA mUla vinaya kahA gayA hai| kaSAya-indriya vinayanaM vinayaH698, arthAta jisake dvArA kaSAya evaM indriyoM para niyantraNa rakhA jAe, vaha vinaya kahalAtA hai| jo sAdhaka garva, krodha, mAyA aura pramAdavaza gurudeva ke samIpa vinaya nahIM sIkhatA, usake ahaMkArAdi durguNa usake jJAnAdi vaibhava ke vinAza kA kAraNa bana jAte haiM; jaise bAMsa kA phala usI ke vinAza ke lie hotA hai| ataH, mAna ke kAraNa manuSya sAdhanA kI ora pragati nahIM kara sktaa|699 2. pApa kA mUla abhimAna tulasIdAsajI ne kahA hai - "dayA dharma kA mUla hai, pApa mUla abhimAna", abhimAnI vyakti svayaM ko saba kucha samajhatA hai| use apane sAmane anya sabhI loga baune dikhAI dete haiN| abhimAnI jamAlI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke siddhAMtoM ko bhI galata mAnA aura kahA ki vaha jo kahatA hai, vahI satya hai| kaDe-kaDe -yahI satya hai, paramAtmA kA siddhAnta -'kaDemANe kaDe' jhUThA hai| jamAlI abhimAna ke adhIna bana gayA aura usakA patana ho gyaa|00 mada Ate hI AtmA patana kI ora bar3hatI calI jAtI hai aura ahaMkAra se cikane dharmoM kA baMdha hotA hai| 3. abhimAna se nIca gati kI prApti - 696 dazavaikAlikasUtra- 8/38 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 698 uttarAdhyayanasUtraTIkA -patra 16 (zAntyAcArya) uttarAdhyayana, sUtra- 9/1/1 bhagavatIsUtra za.1/u.1 Na bAhiraM paribhave, attANaM Na samukkase, suyalAbhe Na majjijjA, jaccA tvssibuddhie| - dazavaikAlikasUtra- 8/30 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 335 jo abhimAna karatA hai, apane kula kA mAna karatA hai, use nIca gati kI prApti hotI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne marIci ke bhava meM abhimAna kiyA thA ...... mere dAdA prathama tIrthaMkara, mere pitA prathama cakravartI, ....maiM prathama vAsudeva banUMgA, aho! merA kula uttama hai| kula ke abhimAna ke kAraNa marIci ko mahAvIra ke bhava meM devAnandA brAhmaNI kI kukSi meM avatarita honA pdd'aa| 102 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI kahA hai- 'mANeNa ahamAgaI', arthAt mAna ke kAraNa hI nIca gati prApta hotI hai| 4. mAna guNoM kA nAzaka aura tiraskAra kA pAtra banAtA hai - ahaMkArI vyakti sarvatra tiraskAra kA pAtra banatA hai, use koI nahIM cAhatA hai, kyoMki vaha svayaM apane ko bar3A mAna baiThatA hai| ahaMkAra eka aisA viSavRkSa hai, jo binA boe hI uga jAtA hai aura jIvana meM rahane vAle sAre sadguNoM ke udyAna ko barbAda kara detA hai| rAvaNa eka hajAra vidyAoM kA jAnakAra thA aura prabhu-bhakti ke kAraNa usane nAmagotra kA upArjana kiyA, para satI sItA ke apaharaNa aura abhimAna ke kAraNa usake sAre sadguNoM kA nAza ho gayA aura vaha loka meM tiraskAra kA pAtra bnaa| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA hai -"krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha durguNa haiM, ataH inakA tyAga kro|"704 5. duHkha kA kAraNa mAna - kalA, buddhi Adi jisa-jisa kSetra meM vyakti apane ko nipaNa samajhane lagatA hai, usa-usa kSetra meM usakI Age bar3hane kI kSamatA ghaTane lagatI hai| IrSyA, dveSa, kalaha, lAlaca, mamatva Adi aneka burAiyA~ dhIre-dhIre bar3hatI rahatI haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa uttarottara duHkha bar3hatA hai| 6. mAna mRtyu kA kAraNa bhI banatA hai - abhimAnI vyakti apane-Apako mahAn aura zreSTha samajhatA hai| jaba abhimAna kA nazA car3hA huA rahatA hai, to vaha svajana-parijanoM ko bhI 702 zrI kalpasUtra, mahAvIra prabhu ke sattAIsa bhava 703 uttarAdhyayana 704 dazavaikAlikasUtra- 8/38 For Personal & Private Use Only

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336 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva anadekhA kara detA hai| usakA mAtra uddezya apane stara {Status} ko U~cA uThAnA hotA hai aura isa kAraNa vartamAna samaya meM udhArI, jamAkhorI aura rizvata jaisI burAIyA~ apane jIvana ke stara ko Upara uThAne ke lie hI kI jA rahI haiN| jaba vyakti udhArI ko cukA nahIM pAtA aura rizvata lete pakar3A jAtA hai, to apane mAna-sammAna ko Thesa na lage, isalie vaha AtmahatyA jaise kRtya bhI sahajatA se kara letA hai| ahaMkAra vyakti ko aMdhA banA detA hai| aisA vyakti tanAva-grasta rahatA hai, zakti tole binA cunautI dekara jaba parAsta hotA hai, taba maraNa hetu udyata hotA hai| abhimAnI durgati ko AmaMtraNa detA hai tathA kAlAntara meM vaha usa zakti se cyuta ho. jAtA hai| 7. saMgharSa aura yuddha kA kAraNa mAna - prAcIna aura vartamAna samaya meM saMgharSa aura yuddha kA eka kAraNa ahaMkAra aura mAna bhI haiN| mahAbhArata kA bhISaNa yuddha ahaMkAra kA hI pariNAma hai| zrIkRSNa ne zAnti sthApita karane ke lie kauravoM ko kahA ki mAtra pAMca rAjya hI pANDavoM ko de do, to prANanAza kie binA hI zAnti ho jAegI, parantu ahaMkAra kI aMtargajanA se bahare kAnoM meM zAnti-prastAva kI zabdAvalI praveza hI nahIM kara paaii| duryodhana ne tiraskArarUpI zabdoM meM kahA - "maiM pANDavoM ke lie suI kI noMka jitanI dharatI kA bhI parityAga karane ke lie taiyAra nahIM huuN|"705 ahaMkAra se bhare isa uttara ke uparAnta kurUkSetra ke maidAna meM jo ghaTita huA, use hama saba jAnate haiN| vartamAna samaya meM amerikA aura rUsa apane-apane bala ke ahaMkAra meM kaise-kaise vinAzaka astra-zastroM kA utpAdana kara rahe haiM aura yuddha ko prerita kara rahe uparyukta vivecanA se spaSTa hai ki guNoM kA garva vyakti ko avaguNI banAtA hai, dhana kA garva nirdhana banAtA hai, rUpa kA garva kurUpa banAtA hai| mere pAsa bahuta dhana hai, aizvarya hai, maiM dina ko rAta aura rAta ko dina banA sakatA hU~ -aisI ahaMkArI bhASA bolane vAle ko bhI yAda rakhanA cAhie ki jaba rAvaNa, prajApAlarAjA, duryodhana, hiTalara Adi bhI apanA astitva TikA na pAe, to hamArI to bAta hI kyA ? ataH, ahaMkAra ko 705 yAvaddhi sUcyAtIkSNAyA vidhyedagreNa maadhv| tAvadapyaparityAjyaM bhUmernaH paannddvaanprti|| - mahAbhArata- 125/26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vinamratA se jItane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| "abhimAna ko jIta lene se mRdutA (namratA) jAgrata hotI hai" 706 aura "nirabhimAnI manuSya jana aura svajana sabhI ko sadA priya lagatA hai / vaha jJAna, yaza aura saMpatti prApta karatA hai tathA apanA pratyeka kArya siddha kara sakatA hai| 707 agale adhyAya meM mAna para vijaya kisa prakAra se prApta kI jAe - isa bAta kI vistRta vyAkhyA kreNge| mAna para vijaya ke upAya phala-phUloM se ladA huA per3a jaise sahaja hI jhuka jAtA hai, vaise hI guNoM ke bhAra se AtmA vinamra hotI hai, jhuka jAtI hai, para ahaMkAra iMsAna kI eka bahuta bar3I kamajorI hai, isI ahaMkAra ke poSaNa meM iMsAna saba-kucha samarpita karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai / sattA, sampadA aura zakti ko pAkara bhale hI hama ahaMkAra karane lageM, para isakA sthAyitva nahIM hai / bhAratIya - saMskRti laghutA se prabhutA pAne kI saMskRti hai / dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki mAna vinaya kA nAza karane vAlA hai,708 ataH mAna para vijaya mRdutA se prApta kI jA sakatI hai| anudita mAna kA nirodha aura udaya prApta kA viphalIkaraNa yaha mAna - vijaya hai| mAna - vijaya se mAna ke kAraNa hone vAlI hAniyoM se sahaja hI bacA jA sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai - "mAnavijaya se vinaya guNa kI prApti hotI hai, mAna - vedanIyakarma nahIM baMdhatA hai tathA pUrva meM baMdhe hue karmoM kI nirjarA ho jAtI hai| 710 709 mAna ko jItanA eka duSkara kArya hai, phira bhI nimna prakAra se mAna para vijaya prApta kara sakate haiM sundaratA kA garva hone para azuci bhAvanA kA cintana karanA caahie| zarIra kyA hai ? asthi majjA, rakta, mala-mUtra 1. zarIra kI svasthatA, 706 mANavijae NaM maddavaM jaNayaI / 707 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 29/68 sayaNassa jaNassa pio, Naro, amANI sadA havadi loe / gANaM jasaM ca atyaM, labhadi sakajjaM ca sAhedi / / - bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1379 708 mANo viyaNAsaNo / dazavaikAlika- 8/38 709 710 - mANaM maddavayA jiNe / vahI - 8 / 39 mANaM vijaeNaM maddavaM jaNayai, mANa veyaNijjaM kammaM na baMdhai, puvvabaddhaM ca nijjarei / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 29/69 337 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ityAdi durgandhamaya padArthoM se nirmita camar3e kI cAdara se DhaMkI yaha deha hai| zrImad rAjacandra ke zabdoM meM 711_ 338 khANa mUtra ne mala nI, roga jarA nuM nivAsa nuM dhAma / kAyA evI gaNI ne, mAna tyajI ne kara sArthaka Ama / / na jAne kaba Arogya bigar3a jAe, surUpatA kurUpatA meM parivartita ho jaae| rAjA zreNika ne rAjagRhI ke rAjapatha se gujarate hue nagara ke bAhara tIvra durgandha kA anubhava kiyaa| khojabIna ke pazcAt jJAta huA durgandhA nAmaka bAlA kI deha se yaha gandha phaila rahI thI / prabhu mahAvIra ke samakSa isa ghaTanA kI carcA karane para prabhu ne kahA - "rAjan ! yaha durgandhA kucha hI samaya meM durgandha se mukta hokara saundarya - pratimA banakara nikharegI aura bhaviSya meM tumhArI rAnI bnegii|" kurUpatA surUpatA meM aura surUpatA kurUpatA meM parivartita hotI hai| athAha rUparAzisampanna rAjakumAra cakravartI kI deha kAlAntara meM solaha rogoM se grasta ho gaI thI, ataH, he jIva ! deha kI sundaratA kA kyA abhimAna krnaa| 712 2. sattA, sampatti, suvidhA, sAdhana, satkAra, sammAna, svajana, sAthI, smRti Adi meM ahaMkAra puSTa hone para vicAra karanA cAhie / he Atman! puNya-karma ke udaya se tujhe ye saba anukUlatAe~ prApta huI haiN| pApa-karma ke udaya se pratikUlatAe~ milatI haiN| puNya aura pApa - donoM karma haiM, jar3a tattva haiN| jIva aura jar3a sarvathA bhinna tattva haiN| jar3a tattva ke AdhAra para apanA mUlyAMkana karanA ajJAna hai / " jIva sadA se zuddha aura arUpI hai, paramANumAtra bhI tIna kAla meM merA hotA nahIM", phira bAhya sAdhana ke saMgraha aura satkAra se tU kyoM mAna karatA hai / " 713 3. jahA~ mada (ahaMkAra) hai, dUsaroM se apane ko ucca samajhane kA bhAva hai, vahA~ mRdutA nahIM, jar3atA hai| jahA~ jar3atA hai, vahA~ kaThoratA hai, vahA~ hRdayahInatA hai| aise vyakti ke hRdaya meM AtmIyatA yA karuNA jaga nahIM sakatI hai| isake viparIta, jahA~ nirabhimAnatA hai, vinamratA hai, usameM apane ko dUsaroM se bar3A samajhane kA bhAva nahIM AtA, dUsaroM ko bhI apane hI 711 tattvajJAna, pR. 149 712 kaSAya : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. sAdhvI hemaprajJA, pR. 140 713 samayasAra, gAthA 38 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva samAna samajhane kA bhAva jagatA hai| isI prakAra, mada kA mardana karanA hI mArdava hai, jo mada, mAna, ahaMkAra ke tyAga se hI saMbhava hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - "jo manasvI puruSa, kula, rUpa, jAti, buddhi, tapa, zruta aura zIla Adi ke viSaya meM thor3A bhI mada nahIM karatA hai, usake mArdavadharma hotA hai, " athavA 'mRdorbhAvo mArdavam' arthAta mRdubhAva kA honA mArdava hai| mAna - vijaya ke lie mArdava-dharma kA pAlana sarvazreSTha hai / ,, 714 4. svajana - parijana Adi cetana jagat ke saMyoga meM bhI vyakti abhimAna karatA hai / svajanoM kI yogyatA kA garva hotA hai| pati ke kamAU hone kA garva patnI ko, patnI kI sundaratA kA abhimAna pati ko hotA hai / santAna kI pratibhA kA ahaMkAra mAtA - pitA karate haiN| saMyogoM meM mAna kI manovRtti hone para anitya - bhAvanA kA cintana karanA cAhie / saMyoga kabhI zAzvata nahIM hotA, saMyoga kA viyoga avazya hogaa| sarAya meM AyA pathika jaise prAtaH samaya apane gantavya kI ora prayANa kara jAtA hai, saMdhyAkAla meM vRkSa para Ae pakSI bhora hote hI dAnA-pAnI ke lie apanI-apanI dizA meM ur3a jAte haiM; usI prakAra AyuSya kSaya hone para saba jIva saMyoga ke dhAge tor3akara agalI gati meM prasthAna kara dete haiN| saMyogoM meM abhimAna kaisA ? 5. dhana-sampatti Adi yadi bahutAyata meM milI hai, to usakA upayoga dUsaroM kI sevA - sahAyatA meM niHsvArtha bhAva se karane se mAna aura ahaMkAra kA bhAva samApta hotA dikhAI detA hai / 6. sabhI prANiyoM ko samAna evaM Atmavat smjheN| isase mAna kI bhAvanA samApta ho jAtI hai / jaba sabhI samAna haiM, to kauna choTA evaM kauna bar3A? mUla meM AtmA anantajJAna, darzana, Adi guNoM se yukta hai, phira alpa jJAnAdi meM ahaMkAra kaisA ? bAhubalIjI ko ahaMkAra ke kAraNa eka sAla taka ghora sAdhanA karane para bhI kevalajJAna prApta nahIM huA, jyoM hI bahanoM ke vacana suna mAnarUpI gaja se nIce utare, kevalajJAna prakaTa ho gyaa| kahA gayA hai 714 - kularUvajAdibuddhisu tavasudsIvesu gAravaM kiMci jo Navi kuvvadi samaNo mAdava- dhammaM have tassa / bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 49 / 154 339 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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340 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva mA bahatu ko'pi garva iha jagati paNDito'haM caiv| A sarvajJo matitaH taratamayogena mtivibhvaaH|| 15 arthAta, maiM paMDita hU~ -aisA garva koI na kare, kyoMki sarvajJa ke alAvA bhI taratama yoga se matiyukta vaibhavavAn eka-se-bar3hakara-eka mileMge, ataH jJAnamAn! bar3e-choTe kA mAna tyAgane yogya hai| 7. AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai - "yaha jIvAtmA aneka bAra uccagotra meM janma le cukA hai aura aneka bAra nIca gotra meM, isa prakAra vibhinna gotroM meM janma lene se na koI hIna hotA hai aura na koI mahAn,"716 isalie U~ca-nIca, gotra ke abhimAna kA tyAga karanA cAhie aura sabhI ko samAna dRSTi se dekhane se mAna-bhAva para vijaya pA sakate haiN| ____8. jamIna-jAyadAda ke svAmitva kA garva kisakA Tika pAyA hai ? "hasanti pRthvI nRpati narANA..... | " pRthvI una rAjAoM, jAgIradAroM para ha~satI huI kahatI hai -"maiM kabhI kisI ke sAtha gaI nahIM, kintu mujhe merI-merI kahane vAle yahA~ sadA rahe nhiiN| kisakA garva ? aura kisalie garva ? ___9. mAna-jaya hetu vinaya-guNa dhAraNa karanA caahie| yogazAstra meM kahA hai - "doSarUpI zAkhAoM ko vistRta karane vAle aura guNarUpI mUla ko nIce le jAne vAle mAnasarUpI vRkSa ko mArdava namratArUpI nadI ke vega se jar3asahita ukhAr3a pheMkanA caahie|" ___ uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai - mAna kA pratipakSI gaNa vinaya hai| vinaya ke aneka bheda haiM- lokopacAra, arthAt mAtA-pitA kA vinaya krnaa| lokottara, arthAta mokSa heta se vinaya krnaa| bhaya, arthalipsA, yA kAmabhoga Adi se kiyA gayA vinaya (namana) uttama vinaya nahIM hai| vinaya sahaja ho, hara paristhiti meM ho, tabhI vaha vinaya mAna para vijaya prApta karA sakatA hai| 715 puSpa-parAga, muni zrI jayAnandavijayajI, pR. 156 716 se asaiM uccAgoha, asahaM niiaagoe| ___nI hINe, no airitte...... || - AcArAMgasUtra- 1/2/3 717 utsarpayan doSazAkhA guNamUlAnyadho nyn| unmUlanIyo mAnadrustanmArdava-saritplavaiH ||-- yogazAstra- 4/14 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 341 'caNDarudrAcArya18 ko kandhe para baiThAkara jaMgala pAra karate hue nUtana muni ne guru ke samasta karkaza vacanoM evaM tAr3anA-tarjanA para paramavinaya rkhaa| unake hRdaya meM eka bhI asat vikalpa utpanna nahIM huaa| mAna-mardana hone para aura krodhAdi manobhAvoM kA kSaya karate hue muni ne kevalajJAna kA varaNa kiyaa| dvArikAdhIza zrIkaSNa kA prasiddha prasaMga hai - jIrNa-zIrNa vastroM meM sudAmA ke Ane para bhI vinamra bhAva se bhAvavibhora hokara zrIkRSNa pA~va dhone ke lie svayaM baitthe| dhUli-dhusarita pA~voM kA prakSAlana karane ke lie pAnI lene kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM par3I, svayaM ke netra-jala se hI pAda-prakSAlana kara diyaa| aise behAla bivAina soM paga, kaMTaka jAla lage puni joe, hAya mahAdukha pAyo sakhA tuma, Ae, itau na kitai dina khoe| dekhi sudAmA kI dIna dasA, karuNA kari kai karuNAnidhi roe, pAnI parAta ko hAtha chuo nahi, nainana ke jala soM paga dhoe|| samyagdRSTi se adhika deza-virata zrAvaka evaM usase adhika saMyata (muni) meM 'mAna' manobhAva kI mandatA hotI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama ziSya caudaha hajAra zramaNoM ke nAyaka gautama gaNadhara eka zrAvaka se kSamA yAcanA karane ge| kSamA-prArthanA karane meM ahaMkAra bAdhaka nahIM bnaa| tana kA jhukanA hI vinaya nahIM hai, balki mana kA jhukanA vinaya hai| Adara, satkAra, mAna, bar3AI ko chor3anA bahuta duSkara hai, kintu asaMbhava nhiiN| yadi vyakti mAna ke kAraNa hone vAlI hAniyoM ko samajhe, to inako chor3a sakatA hai| sAdhanA meM ahaMkAra jahara hai, bhale hI vaha kisI bhI prakAra kA kyoM na ho| ahaMkAra ke kAraNa kiyA gayA japa, tapa, sAmAyika, svAdhyAya aura jJAna niSphala ho jAtA hai, ataH hama ahaMkAra ko chor3a vinaya ko apnaaeN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -'apanI AtmA kA hita cAhatA huA sAdhaka apane ko vinaya meM sthApita kre| 719 jaise havA se bhare phuTabAla ko khela ke maidAna meM cAroM ora se pairoM kI mAra khAnA par3atI hai, usI prakAra abhimAna se bhare jIva ko bhI karma kI mAra khAnA par3atI hai, 718 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 29, gAthA 69 719 'viNae Thavejja appANaM, icchaMto hiymppnno| -uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 1/6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isalie mAna saMjJA kA tyAga kara usa para vijaya prApta kara mokSa - patha para apane kadamoM ko bar3hAne kA prayAsa karanA cAhie / 342 -000 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 343 adhyAya-8 mAyA-saMjJA Instinct of Deceity: bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya-manovijJAna meM saMjJA zArIrikaAvazyakatAoM evaM manobhAvoM kI vaha mAnasika-saMcetanA hai, jo mAnavIya vyavahAra kI preraka banatI hai| jainadarzana saMjJA zabda ko mUlapravRtti kA samAnArthaka mAnatA hai| AhArAdi cAra mUla pravRttiyA~ sabhI jIvoM meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se vidyamAna haiN| ye mUlapravRttiyA~ zarIrajanya hone se sabhI jIvoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| kevalI bhagavAna ko chor3akara jo zarIradhArI jIva haiM, unameM ye mUlapravRttiyA~ rahatI haiN| jainAgamoM meM saMjJA kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se milatA hai, jinameM saMjJA ke dazavidha vargIkaraNa 720 ke antargata AhArAdi cAra mUla saMjJAoM ke sAtha-sAtha krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha -ye cAra kaSAya-rUpa saMjJAe~ aura loka evaM ogha- saMjJA pramukha rUpa se ullekhita haiN| kaSAyarUpa saMjJAeM mAnasika vikAroM ke kAraNa utpanna hotI haiM aura prANIya-vyavahAra kI preraka banatI haiN| 'mAyA' zabda mA+yA se banA hai| 'yA' kA artha 'jo' tathA 'mA' kA artha 'nahIM' hai| isa prakAra, jo nahIM hai, usako prastuta karanA mAyA hai| ise dUsare zabdoM meM kapaTAcAra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| mAyA-saMjJA se tAtparya kapaTavRtti se hai| mukhyataH, hRdaya kI vakratA kA nAma mAyA hai| "mAyA mohanIyakarma ke udaya se azubha-adhyavasAyapUrvaka mithyAbhASaNa Adi rUpa kuMTila vAgvyApAra kI pravRtti ko mAyA-saMjJA kahate haiN| 721 pravacanasAroddhAra meM kahA hai .- mAyAkaSAyajanya, saMklezapUrvaka asatyabhASaNa Adi karanA mAyA-saMjJA hai| 22 jIva kI mAyA-kapaTarUpa manaHsthiti ko mAyA-saMjJA kahate haiN| 23 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza ke anusAra, mohanIyakarma ke mAyA 720 prajJApanAsUtra- 8/725 vahI- 8/725 pravacanasAroddhAra, bhAga-2, dvAra-146, sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI, pR.80 daNDakaprakaraNa, gAthA-12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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344 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva nAmaka upakarmaprakRti ke udaya se asatyavacanAdirUpa jo kriyAeM hotI haiM, unheM mAyA nAmaka saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| 24 mAyA kA svarUpa - mukhyataH, hRdaya kI vakratA kA nAma mAyA hai| jaise baMjarabhUmi meM boyA bIja niSphala ho jAtA hai, malina cAdara para. car3hAyA kesariyA raMga vyartha ho jAtA hai aura namaka lage bartana meM dUdha vikRta ho jAtA hai; ThIka vaise hI mAyA-buddhi se kiyA gayA dharma-kArya bhI saphala nahIM ho pAtA hai| aNagAra-dharmAmRta meM mAyAvI kA svarUpa isa prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai -'jo mana meM hotA hai, vaha kahatA nahIM hai, jo kahatA hai, vaha karatA nahIM hai, vaha mAyAvI hotA hai| 25 AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -mAyAvI aura pramAdI bAra-bAra janma letA hai, usakA saMsAra-paribhramaNa kabhI samApta nahIM hotaa| kitanI bhI sAdhanA ho, para yadi mAyA-rUpI manobhAva kRza nahIM hue, to sampUrNa sAdhanA nirarthaka hai| 26 vastutaH, mAyAvI zahada lagI churI ke samAna hotA hai, jo mRdu vyavahAra se vizvAsa jagAkara vizvAsaghAta karatA hai| vaha svArthasiddhi meM catura, chala-kapaTa kA Azraya lekara vizvAsaghAta karatA hai| krodha aura mAna to khulakara prahAra karate haiM, paraMtu mAyA chipakara ghAta karatI hai| vaha vyakti kI AdhyAtmika- pragati meM bAdhA DAlatI hai aura unnati ke mArga ko avaruddha karatI hai| mAyA gati ko hI nahIM, mAyA saubhAgya ko bhI naSTa kara durbhAgya ko janma detI hai|28 dUsaroM ke sAtha mAyA karake hama thor3I dera ke lie thor3A-sA lAbha bhale hI prApta kara leM, paraMtu satya bAta mAlUma hote hI bhayaMkara hAni uThAnA par3atI hai| mitratA kA AdhAra vizvAsa hai aura "mAyA isI vizvAsa ko miTAkara mitroM kI saMkhyA ghaTA detI hai|"729 724 mAyodayenAzubhasaMketazAdanRtasaMbhASaNAdikriyaiva saMjJAyate'nayeti mAyA sNjnyaa| - abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, bhAga 6/255 725 yo vAcA svamapi svAntaM ...... / -dharmAmRta, a 6, gAthA 19 mAI pamAI puNa ei gabbhaM - AcArAMgasUtra-1/3/1 17 mAyA gipddigghaao| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra durbhAgyajananI mAyA, mAyA durgatikAraNam / / - vivekavilAsa mAyA mittANi naasedd| - dazavaikAlika- 8/38 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hai|730 sarvArthasiddhi graMtha meM AtmA ke kuTila bhAva ko mAyA kahA gayA rAjavArttika meM, 'dUsaroM ko Thagane ke lie jo kuTilatA yA chala Adi kie jAte haiM, ve mAyA haiM yaha batAyA gayA hai| ,731 345 dhavalA ke anusAra - ' apane hRdaya ke vicAroM ko chupAne kI jo ceSTA kI jAtI hai, use mAyA kahate haiN| 732 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza meM mAyA kI jo aneka paribhASAeM dI gaI haiM, unameM se kucha isa prakAra haiM aura ve mAyA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kara detI haiM 1. 'sarvatra svavIryanigUhane 733 arthAt, saba jagaha apanI zakti ko chipAnA mAyA hai| Alasya evaM bImArI Adi kA bahAnA banAkara sAmarthya hote hue bhI kisI kArya ko karane se iMkAra kara denA mAyA hai| Alasya to manuSya ke zarIra meM rahane vAlA mahAn zatru hai| Alasya hi manuSyANAM zarIrastho mahAripuH / / yaha Alasya hI hameM mAyApravRtti karane ke lie prerita karatA hai aura hameM mAyAvI banAtA hai| vastutaH, kabhI vyakti meM kisI kArya ko karane kA sAmarthya nahIM hotA hai, to vaha Alasya aura bImArI kA bahAnA banAkara mAyAcAra karatA hai aura apanI zakti ko chipAtA hai| 2. zaThatayA manokkAyapravarttane 734 " dhUrtatApUrvaka kI gaI mana-vacana - kAyA kI pravRtti hI mAyA hai / mana kI pravRtti cintana hai, vacana kI pravRtti bhASaNa hai aura kAyA kI pravRtti vividha kAryakalApa haiN| hara samaya koI-na-koI pravRtti calatI hI rahatI hai, 730 731 AtmanaH kuTilabhAvI mAyAkR / - sarvArthasiddhi - 6 /16/334/2 parAtisaMghAnatayopahitakauTilyaprAyaH praNidhirmAyA .. / - rAjavArttika - 8 / 9/5/574/31 732 svahRdayapracchAdArthamanuSThAnaM mAyA / - dhavalA - 12 /4 733 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza bhAga -6, pR. 251 734 abhidhAna rAjendrakoza, bhAga-6, pR. 251 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva parantu jaba isa pravRtti meM dhUrtatA kA mizraNa ho jAtA hai, taba vaha mAyA bana jAtI hai| vyakti jaba nyAya-anyAya kI paravAha na karake apane anucita svArtha kI siddhi ke lie mana-vacana-kAyA kI kapaTarUpa pravRtti karatA hai, taba vaha mAyAvI kahalAtA hai| 346 735 3. sva - paravyAmohotpAdake vacasi apane ko aura dUsaroM ko bhrama meM DAlane vAle kathana mAyA haiN| mokSa ke lie kevalajJAna, kevalajJAna ke lie karmakSaya aura karmakSaya ke lie jisa tyAga, tapa aura kAyotsarga- - dhyAna kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai, usase bacane ke lie kutarka kA sahArA lekara mokSa ke svarUpa kA hI khaNDana karane kA prayAsa karate hue kahanA ki mokSa meM athavA siddhazilA para aisA kyA hai, jo dekhane aura jAnane yogya ho? yadi nahIM hai, to phira sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI banane se kyA lAbha ? sukha vahIM mila sakatA hai, jahA~ sukha ke sAdhana hoM, philma, TIvI, vIDiyo, gemsa, kavi sammelana Adi manoraMjana ke sAdhana jo saMsAra meM haiM, ve siddhazilA para nahIM haiM, isa prakAra jahA~ sukha ke sAdhana hI nahIM haiM, vahA~ sukha kaise ho sakatA hai ? jahA~ sukha nahIM, usa mokSa kI prApti kA prayatna kyoM kiyA jAe ? isa prakAra apane ko aura dUsaroM ko bhrama meM DAlane vAle, gumarAha karane vAle kathana karanA mAyA hai / 737 samayasAra aura zakrastava meM jisa 'siddhagati' nAmaka sthAna ke lie dhruva, acala, anupama, ziva, aruja, ananta, avyAbAdha aura apunarAvRtti jaise vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA ho, jahA~ sthita vizuddha jIva sarvajJa, sarvadarzI tathA ananta zAzvata sukha kA anubhava karanevAlA ho, usake viSaya meM aisI bhrAmaka bAteM karanA mAyA hai 1 4. paravaJcanAbhiprAyeNa zarIrAkAranepathyamanovAkkAya kauTilyakaraNe "dUsaroM ko Thagane kI icchA se zarIra ke AkAra, vezabhUSA, mana, vacana, kAyA ko kuTila banAnA mAyA hai / " - 738 736 735 vahI 736 dattu savvasiddhe dhuvamacalamaNovamaM gaI patte I samayasAra, gAthA - 1 737 sivamaya lamarU amaNanta makkhayamavvAbAhamapuNarAviti siddhigai nAmadheyaM ThANaM / pATha abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga-6, pR. 251 -- For Personal & Private Use Only -- zakrastava

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dUsaroM ko Thagane ke lie loga muMha para nakAba lagA lete haiN| vibhinna dezoM - prAntoM kI vezabhUSA dhAraNa kara apane ko kisI pradeza - vizeSa kA nivAsI batAnA, mana caMcala bhale ho, parantu sarala aura sahaja batAnA, apanI mAtRbhASA chor3akara kisI anya pradeza kI bhASA bolanA, jisase sunane vAle loga use apane pradeza kA nivAsI samajhane lageM, kAyA ko kuTila banAnA, arthAt laMgar3Akara calanA, donoM A~kheM isa taraha rakhanA, jisase loga aMdhA samajheM aura dayAvaza bhIkha dene lageM- ye sAre kArya mAyA ke antargata Ate haiN| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to dUsaroM ko Thagane ke lie yA dhokhA dene ke lie jo kArya kie jAte haiM - aise pratyeka kArya mAyA haiM / dikhAvA, DhoMga, pAkhaNDa, ADambara, dhUrtatA, chala, dhokhA, kapaTa, mAyA Adi zabda eka hI artha ko sUcita karate haiM / darzana se dUra rahakara loga kevala pradarzana karanA cAhate haiM, unakI yahI vRtti mAyA hai| dUsaroM ko Thagakara, dhokhA dekara hama bhale hI thor3I dera ke lie AnaMdita ho jAeM aura apane-Apako samajhadAra mAnane lageM, kintu hama dUsaroM ko bhale hI chaleM, lekina chAle to apanI AtmA meM hI pdd'eNge| bAlaka kA vyavahAra ekadama nicchala hotA hai, kintu vahI bAlaka jaba pAlaka banatA hai, to usakA mana cAlAka bana jAtA hai| kahate haiM, jaba mana meM rAga-dveSa, viSaya - kaSAya Adi kI gAMTha par3anA prAraMbha ho jAe, to samajha lenA cAhie ki bacapana khatma ho gyaa| sarpa bAhara kitanA hI laharAkara Ter3hA-mer3hA cale, kintu jaba bhI vaha bila meM praveza karatA hai, to use sarala aura sIdhA honA par3atA hai, usI prakAra, hamArA jIvana saMsAra meM kitanA hI Ter3A-mer3hA ho, kintu apane AtmagRha meM Ane ke lie ekadama sIdhA-sarala honA hI par3egA / mAyA ke vibhinna rUpa vastutaH mAyA kI pravRtti sabhI prANiyoM meM pAI jAtI hai| pratyeka prANI apane svArtha aura lAbha ke lie mAyA kA sahArA letA hai / mAyA kA artha hI hai - dUsaroM ko Thagane kA mAnasika pariNAma | dUsaroM ko Thagane ke lie jo mAyA karatA hai, vaha paramArtha se apane-Apako hI ThagatA hai / rAjA ho yA raMka, brAhmaNa ho yA vaNik, sunAra ho yA saMnyAsI, dampatti ho yA vezyA, zikArI ho yA cANDAla - sabhI apanI svArthasiddhi ke lie mAyA ke vibhinna rUpoM kA prayoga karate haiM, jaise. 347 -- For Personal & Private Use Only

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348 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva rAjA kUTanIti, SaDyaMtra, jAsUsI aura gupta prayogoM dvArA kapaTapUrvaka vizvasta vyakti kA ghAta karake dhana ke lobha se dUsaroM ko Thagate brAhmaNa mastaka para tilaka lagAkara, hAtha Adi kI vividha mudrAoM kA pradarzana karake, maMtrajApa kara tathA dUsaroM kI kamajorI kA lAbha uThAkara hRdayazUnya hokara bAhya-dikhAvA karake logoM ko Thaga lete haiN| * vaNijana galata nApataula karake kapaTa-kriyA karate haiM tathA sAmAna ko kama taulakara bhole-bhAle logoM ko Thagate haiN| sunAra sone-cAMdI meM anya dhAtuoM kA mizraNa kara logoM ko Thagate haiN| kaI loga sira para jaTA dhAraNa kara, mastaka muMDAkara yA lambI-lambI zikhA-coTI rakhavAkara, bhasma ramAkara, bhagavA vastra pahanakara yA nagna rahakara, Upara se pAkhaMDa racakara bhadra evaM zraddhAlu yajamAnoM ko Thaga lete haiN| sneharahita vezyAeM apane hAva-bhAva, vilAsa, mastAnI cAla dikhAkara athavA kaTAkSa karake yA anya kaI taraha ke nRtya, gIta Adi se kAmI puruSoM ko kSaNabhara meM AkarSita karake Thaga letI haiN| juArI jhUThI saugandha khAkara, jhUThI kaur3I aura pAse banAkara dhanavAnoM se rupae aiMTha lete haiN| mahAbhArata meM duryodhana ke mAmA zakuni ne mAyAvI pAsoM se pANDavoM ko caupar3a meM harAyA thA aura draupadI ke sAtha hI hastinApura sahita saba kucha jIta liyA thaa| dampati, mAtA-pitA, sage bhAI, mitra, svajana, seTha, naukara tathA anya loga paraspara eka-dUsare ko Thagane meM nahIM cuukte| dhanalolupa puruSa nirlajja hokara khuzAmada karane vAle cora se to hamezA sAvadhAna rahatA hai, kintu pramAdI ko Thaga letA hai| mahAbhArata kathA se For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 349 kArIgara aura cAMDAla apane purakhoM se pracalita vyApAra-dhandhe se apanI AjIvikA calAte haiM, magara chala se zapatha khAkara acche-acche sajjanoM ko Thaga lete haiN| * krUra vyantaradeva, arthAt bhUta, preta, pizAca, rAkSasa Adi manuSyoM aura pazuoM ko pramAdI jAnakara prAyaH aneka prakAra se hairAna karate haiN| * Thagane meM catura zikArI mAyAvI-jAla bichAkara thor3e- se mAMsa aura dAne kA lobha dekara prANiyoM ko pakar3ate haiN| mAyA ke bahutere raMga aura DhaMga hote haiN| samavAyAMgasUtra meM mAyA ke satraha paryAyavAcI batAe haiN|40 | ye haiM - mAyA, upadhi, nikRti, valaya, gahana, nyavama, kalka, kurUka, dambha, kUTa, jimha, kilviSitA, anAcaraNatA, gUhanatA, vaMcanatA, parikuMcanatA aura saatiyog| / bhagavatIsUtra meM mAyA ke pandraha samAnArthaka nAma die gae haiN| 741 'samavAyAMgasUtra' meM die satraha paryAyoM meM se daMbha evaM kUTa ko 'bhagavatIsUtra' meM nahIM liyA gayA hai| 42 ina paryAyoM kA artha nimnokta hai - 1. mAyA- kapaTAcAra, mAyA kA bhAva utpanna karane vAlA krm| 2. upadhi- Thagane ke uddezya se vyakti ke nikaTa jaanaa| 3. nikRti- Adara-satkAra se vizvAsa jamAkara vizvAsaghAta krnaa| 4. valaya- vakratApUrvaka vacana aura vyavahAra meM valaya ke samAna . . vakratA ho| 5. gahana- Thagane ke lie atyanta gUr3ha bhASaNa krnaa| 6. nyavama- nIcatA kA Azraya lekara tthgnaa| 14" mAyA u vahI niyaDo valae ..... - samavAyAMgasUtra- 52/1 147 bhagavatIsUtra, za.12. u.5, sUtra 4 142 1 se 8, evaM 9 se 13 bhagavatIsUtra, za. 12, u. 5, sUtra 4 ke hindI anuvAda se lie gae For Personal & Private Use Only

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350 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 7. kalka- hiMsAdi pApa-bhAvoM se tthgnaa| 8. kurUka- nindita vyavahAra krnaa| 9. dambha- zakti ke abhAva meM svayaM ko zaktimAn maannaa| 10. kUTa- asatya ko satya btaanaa| 11. jimha- ThagI ke abhiprAya se kuTilatA kA Alambana / 12. kilviSi- mAyA prerita hokara kilviSI jaisI nimna pravRtti krnaa| 13. anAcaraNatA- Thagane ke lie vividha kriyAeM krnaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM anAcaraNa ke sthAna para AdaraNatA zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jisakA artha anicchita kArya bhI apanAnA hai| 14. gUhanatA- mukhauTA lagAkara tthgnaa| 15. vaMcanatA- chala-prapaMca krnaa| 16. parikuMcanatA/pratikuMcanatA- kisI ke sahaja uccArita __ zabdoM kA khaNDana karanA, viparIta artha lagAnA, yA anartha krnaa| 17. sAtiyoga- uttama padArtha meM hIna padArtha kA saMyoga karanA, jise vartamAna bhASA meM milAvaTa kahA jAtA hai| kasAyapAhaDa44 meM bhI mAyA ke gyAraha paryAyoM meM se kucha samavAyAMga ke samAna haiM evaM kucha bhinna haiN| bhinna paryAyavAcI nAma nimna haiM - 1. anRjutA- vakratApUrvaka vacanoM ko khnaa| 2. grahaNa- anya ke manonukUla padArthoM ko svayaM grahaNa kara lenaa| 3. manojJamArgaNa- kisI ke gupta abhiprAya ko jAnane kI ceSTA krnaa| 1 kaSAyapAhuDa- 9/88 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 351 4. kuhaka - kisI kI gupta bAta ko jaannaa| 5. channa - gupta prayogoM athavA vizvAsaghAta karane kA prayAsa krnaa| mAyA ke vibhinna rUpoM kI carcA meM yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki isameM dUsaroM ko Thagane ke lie SaDyaMtra race jAte haiN| mAyA se jo jagat ko ThagatA hai, vAstava meM vaha apanI AtmA ko hI ThagatA hai| apane pApakAryoM ko chipAne kI vRttivAlA vaha vyakti bagule ke samAna mAyArUpa pApakarma karatA hai| jaise bagulA machalI Adi ko dhokhA dene ke lie dhyAna-ceSTA karatA hai, usI taraha mAyAvI jagat ko ThagatA hai aura vaha apanI mAyA ko chipAtA phiratA hai| jisa prakAra Ubar3a-khAbar3a dIvAra para citra ke vibhinna raMga va citra ThIka prakAra se nahIM ubharatA, usI prakAra mAyAvI kA kiyA gayA dharma-kArya bhI saphala nahIM ho pAtA hai| mAyA ke cAra prakAra45 - 1. anaMtAnubandhI-mAyA (tIvratama kapaTAcAra)- anaMtAnubandhI mAyA kaThina bAMsa ke mUla ke samAna kahI gaI hai| jisa prakAra vana meM utpanna hue majabUta bAMsa kA mUla bhAga atyadhika vakra evaM majabUta hone se aneka bAra khIMcane para bhI khisakatA nahIM hai, vaha TUTa jAtA hai, para vakratA kA tyAga nahIM karatA, usI prakAra anaMtAnubaMdhI mAyA ke malina pariNAmoM se yukta jIvAtmA apane jIvana ko mRtyu ke yajJa meM homane ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai, parantu apanI vakratA ko kisI bhI kImata para nahIM chor3atA hai| ... 2. apratyAkhyAnI-mAyA (tIvratara kapaTAcAra)- apratyAkhyAnI-mAyA bhaiMsa ke sIMga ke samAna kuTila kahI gaI hai| bhaiMsa kA sIMga vakra hotA hai, vaha vakratA atyadhika parizrama karane para hI samApta hotI hai, usI prakAra apratyAkhyAnI mAyAvI jIvAtmA kI vakratA ati parizrama ke bAda hI samApta hotI hai| 745 ka) prathama karmagraMtha -- gAthA. 19-20 kha) cauvidhA mAyA paNNatA, taM jahA....aNaMtAnubaMdhIna mAyA, apcpkkhaannksaayaa| -sthAnAMgasUtra -4/1/86 For Personal & Private Use Only

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352 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 3. pratyAkhyAnI-mAyA (tIvra kapaTAcAra)- pratyAkhyAnI-mAyA gomUtrikA ke samAna kahI gaI hai, vaha dhArA vakra aura Ter3hI-mer3hI hotI hai, parantu havA se ur3atI miTTI athavA pichale pAMva se ur3atI dhUla se jisa prakAra vaha vakratA zIghra naSTa ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra pratyAkhyAnI mAyA se yukta jIvAtmA kI vakratA bhI kucha samaya pazcAt samApta ho jAtI hai| 4. saMjvalana-mAyA (alpa kapaTAcAra)-saMjvalana mAyA bAMsa kI chAla ke. samAna hai| jisa prakAra bAMsa kI chAla mur3a jAtI hai aura sIdhI bhI ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra saMjvalana mAyAyukta jIva zIghra hI mAyA yA prapaMca kA tyAga kara detA hai aura saralatA dhAraNa kara letA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "RjubhUta-sarala vyakti kI hI zuddhi hotI hai aura sarala hRdaya meM hI dharmarUpI pavitra vastu ThaharatI hai -aisA vicAra kara hRdaya ko sarala banAne kA prayatna nirantara karate rahanA caahie|"746 vyavahAra meM dUsaroM ko ThaganA nizcaya meM apane-Apako ThaganA hai| chipakara kie jAne vAle pApa sarvajJa to jAnate hI haiM, prakRti bhI usakA badalA letI hai - yaha socakara mAyArUpI pApa se bacanA caahie| mAyotpatti ke kAraNa sthAnAMgasUtra'7 meM mAyA kI utpatti ke cAra pramukha kAraNa batAe gae haiM - 1. kSetra ke kAraNa - kheta, bhUmi Adi ko prApta karane ke lie kUTanIti kA prayoga krnaa| 2. vAstu ke kAraNa - ghara, dukAna, pharnIcara Adi kAraNoM se mAyA utpanna honaa| 3. zarIra ke kAraNa - kurUpatA, rugNatA Adi kAraNoM se bhI mAyAvI vyakti dvArA mukhauTA lagAkara apane Apako suMdara yA bImAra dikhAne kA bahAnA kara mAyA kA sevana krnaa| 740 sohI ujjUya bhayassa, dhammo suddhassa citttthii| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra-3/12 147 cauhiM ThANehiM mANuppattI sitA- taM jahA- khetaM pdduccaa|- sthAnAMgasUtra- 4/1/81 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 353 4. upadhi ke kAraNa - sAmAnya sAdhana-sAmagrI ko prApta karane ke lie mAyA kI pravRtti krnaa| mAyA kI utpatti meM ukta cAra kAraNa sabhI jIvoM meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| vastutaH, uparyukta cAra prakAra ke alAvA mAyA ke nimna kAraNa bhI ho sakate haiM - 1. mAyA ke lie mAyA - vyApAra meM jhUTha, ThagAI, atyadhika munAphA, milAvaTa, karoM kI corI, vizvAsaghAtAdi sAre kukRtya, dhana (mAyA) kamAne kI bhAvanA se hI kie jAte haiM aura yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki dhanArjana meM naitikatA Avazyaka nahIM hai| 2. bhaviSya kI hAni kA vicAra na hone se - jhUTha, corI, ThagI Adi kukRtya mere samAja athavA rAjya meM ujAgara na ho jAeM, isase bacane ke lie vyakti dvArA mAyApUrvaka vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai aura pulisa evaM rAjyoM ko dhokhA dekara vaha apanA svArtha siddha karatA hai| 3. mAna ke lie mAyA - vyakti apanI mAna-pratiSThA, ahaMkArAdi ke poSaNa ke lie evaM apane durguNoM ko chipAkara guNI kahalAne ke lie bhI mAyA kA prayoga karatA hai| 4. pUrva saMskAroM se - kaI jantu, jaise -chipakalI, billI, cItA, bagulA tathA kaI mAnava pUrvajanma ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa janma evaM svabhAva se hI kapaTI hote haiN| 5. dUsaroM ko gumarAha karane ke lie - apanI sthiti, cAhe vaha dhana-saMbaMdhI ho, svabhAva-saMbaMdhI, durguNa-saMbaMdhI athavA jJAna-saMbaMdhI, vaha dUsaroM ko mAlUma na par3a jAe, isa kAraNa asalI sthiti ko chipAkara jhUThA dikhAvA kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna samaya meM vijJApanoM ke dvArA logoM ko sammohita kiyA jAtA hai| vastu kI guNavattA kA jhUThA bakhAna kara janatA ko ThagA jAtA hai| aMdara kucha aura bAhara kucha' kA pradarzanAdi sabhI mAyAcAra ko utpanna karate haiM aura bholI-bhAlI janatA ko Thagate haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 748 1 adhyAtmasAra meM yazovijayajI kahate haiM' kA tyAga karanA sarala hai, deha ke AbhUSaNa kA bhI sakate haiN| kAmabhogoM kA bhI tyAga karanA sarala hai, kintu daMbha - sevana (mAyA) arthAt jIvana meM doharepana kA tyAga karanA bahuta muzkila hai / " - "rasa ke prati Asakti saralatA se tyAga kara mAyA ke duSpariNAma 354 kuTilatA kA apara paryAya mAyA hai / mAyAcArI socatA kucha hai, bolatA kucha hai aura karatA kucha hai| mAyAvI ke triyoga meM ekarUpatA nahIM hotii| usake bhAvoM meM malinatA, vacanoM meM madhuratA, kriyA meM vizvAsaghAta hotA hai / vaha chala-kapaTa dvArA kAryasiddhi cAhatA hai / Aja pratyeka vyakti kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM mAyA kA sevana kara rahA hai| vidyArthI chala-prapaMca kara parIkSA meM pAsa hone kA prayAsa karatA hai, vyApArI mApa-taula meM kapaTa karate haiM, vastu meM milAvaTa karate haiM, kharAba vastu ko acchI batAkara becate haiM / yaha aneka prakAra ke bahAne banAnA dAyitva se bacane kA prayAsa hai| aise vyakti sAmane prazaMsA karate haiM, pIche nindA - AlocanA karate haiM aura mukha meM rAma-bagala meM churI' kI kahAvata ko caritArtha karate haiN| kaI vyakti dharmasthAna meM dhArmika hone kA DhoMga karate haiM, lekina bAkI samaya chala-kapaTa karane meM lage rahate haiM / isa taraha, vyakti ke antarahRdaya meM sthita mAyAsaMjJA kA prasAra sarvatra dikhAI detA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM mAyA se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai - jo mAyA - kaSAya se yukta hai, vaha bhale hI nagna (nirvastra) rahe, ghora tapa se kRza hokara vicaraNa kare, eka-eka mAsa kA lagAtAra upavAsa kare, to bhI anantakAla taka vaha garbhavAsa meM AtA hai, arthAt usakA janma-maraNa samApta nahIM hotA / "74 ,,749 mokSamArga prakAzaka meM kahA hai- isa mAyA se vazIbhUta huA jIva nAnAvidha kapaTa - vacana bolatA hai, prANAntaka saMbhAvanA hone para bhI chala 748 sutyajaM rasalAmpaTyaM sutyajaM dehabhUSaNam / tyA kAmabhogAzca dustyajaM daMbhasevanam / / adhyAtmasAra, adhyAya-3, gAthA - 59 749 ....... iha mAyA mijjai, AgaMtA gAya NaMta so ! - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, a. 2, u. 1. gAthA 9 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 355 karatA hai aura chala dvArA kAryasiddhi na ho, to svayaM bahuta saMtapta hotA hai| mAyA mahAdoSa hai, isase nivRtti kA upAya DhUMDhanA caahie| jJAnArNava ke anusAra- yaha mAyA avidyA kI bhUmi, apayaza kA ghara, pApakarma kA vizAla garta tathA mokSamArga kI avarodhaka hai| 51 mAyA ke duSpariNAma nimna haiM 1. mAyA maitrI kI nAzaka- dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA hai - mAyA se mitratA tathA acche sambandhoM kA nAza hotA hai,52 kyoMki mitratA kA AdhAra hI vizvAsa hai aura yadi koI apanI svArthasiddhi ke lie vizvAsaghAta karatA hai, to vaha hamezA ke lie mitroM ko kho detA hai| kahate haiM - 'kASTha kI hAMDI dobArA nahIM car3hAI jaatii| 753 kASTha kI haMDiyA yadi dAla yA bhAta rAMdhane ke lie cUlhe para car3hA dI jAe, to vaha pahalI bAra meM hI jalakara rAkha bana jAegI, isalie use dUsarI bAra car3hAne kA savAla hI paidA nahIM hotaa| jo mitra eka bAra ThagA jAtA hai, vaha sAvadhAna ho jAtA hai, dUsarI bAra vaha cakkara meM nahIM AtA hai| 2. mAyA strIveda kA bandha karAtI hai-dharmakriyA meM thor3I bhI mAyA karane se strIveda kA bandha ho jAtA hai, jaise -mAyA ke sevana se mahAbala muni ko strIrUpa meM mallI bananA pdd'aa| 3. tiryajaca-gati kA bandha- sthAnAMgasUtra meM tiryaMcAyubandha ke cAra kAraNoM meM mAyA aura. gUDha mAyA ko pramukha kAraNa batAyA gayA 750 mokSamArga prakAzaka, paM. ToDaramala, pR. 23 jJAnArNava, sarga-19 dazavaikAlikasUtra- 8/38 755 kASThapAMtryAmekadaiva, padArthaH khalu radhyate / / - nItivAkyAmRta 754 1) kalpasUtra - mallinAtha critr| 2) daMbha lezo'pi mallayAdeH strI tvAnarthanibaMdhanam, atastatparihArAya yatitvyaM mhaatmnaa| -adhyAtmasAra, gAthA-3/22 755 sthAnAMgasUtra 4, u. 4, sUtra 629 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva T tattvArthasUtra meM mAyA ko tiryaMcagati kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai cAritramohanIya karma ke udaya se AtmA meM jo kuTila bhAva paidA hotA hai, usase vyakti tiryaMcagati kA baMdha kara letA hai / mAyA yaha bhava to bigAr3atI hI hai, isase agalA bhava bhI bigar3a jAtA hai, isalie zubhacandrAcArya ne kahA hai - "donoM lokoM ko bigAr3ane vAlI mAyA ke prapaMca meM mata pdd'o|',757 356 4. mAyA asatya-anartha kI jananI evaM durguNoM kI khAna yogazAstra. meM kahA gayA hai ki mAyA asatya kI jananI hai, vaha zIla arthAt saccAritrarUpI vRkSa ko kATane ke lie kulhAr3I ke samAna hai| yaha mithyAtva evaM ajJAna kI janmabhUmi hai aura durgati kA kAraNa hai | 758 mAyA ke vazIbhUta hokara mAnava mRSAvAda kA sevana karatA hai| vaha apanI galatiyoM ko chipAkara, asatya bhASaNa karatA hai / vAstava meM dekhA jAe, to mAyA ke binA jhUTha Thahara nahIM sktaa| jhUTha, corI, karacorI, jamAkhorI, vizvAsaghAta, deza, samAja aura parijanoM ke sAtha gaddArI Adi aneka durguNa mAyA ke kAraNa utpanna hote haiN| mAyAvI vyakti aMdara se kucha aura tathA bAhara se kucha aura hotA hai| jalate aMgAre kI apekSA rAkha meM chipe aMgAroM kI bhayaMkaratA adhika hotI hai| jo zatru hai, usase hama sAvadhAna raha sakate haiM, para jo mitra banakara zatru kA kArya karatA hai, usase bacanA kaThina ho jAtA hai, jaise- bagule aura kaue ke bAre meM eka kavi ne kahA hai - tana ujalA mana sAMvalA, bagulA kapaTI bhekha / yAyU~ to kAgA bhalA, bhItara bAhara eka / / 5. mAyAcAra se ahaMkAra puSTa hotA hai - vyakti jaba kisI ko ThagatA hai, dhokhA detA hai aura saphala ho jAtA hai, taba itanA prasanna hotA hai, mAnoM koI puraskAra prApta huA ho aura usa saphalatA se prerita hokara vaha adhika lAbha ke lie bar3I ThagI karatA hai, dhokhA 756 mAyA tairyagyonasya.... ...... -- tattvArthasUtra, a. 6, sUtra 17 757 alaM mAyA prapaMcena, lokadvayavirodhinA / - jJAnArNava, gAthA 996 758 asUnRtasya jananI, parazuH zIlazAkhinaH / janmabhUmiravidyAnAM mAyA durgatikAraNam / / 1 756 yogazAstra 4/15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 357 detA hai aura apane ahaMkAra ko puSTa karatA hai| yaha silasilA kabhI rukatA nahIM hai| yaha rukatA tabhI hai, jaba usakI pola khulatI hai, yA pakar3A jAtA hai| vartamAna samaya meM bhraSTa netA deza ke sAtha mAyAcAra aura bhraSTAcAra ke mAdhyama se deza ko dImaka kI taraha khokhalA kara rahe haiM aura apane-Apako mahAn samajha rahe haiN| mAyA sAdhanA meM bAdhaka hai- jisa kArya se dUsaroM kA duHkha bar3hatA ho, vaha dharma nahIM ho sktaa| dharma vaha hotA hai, jisase apanA bhI aura dUsaroM kA bhI sukha bar3he aura duHkha ghtte| dagA kisI kA sagA nahIM hotaa| vaha jIvana-sAdhanA meM bAdhaka banatA hai| chala karane vAloM kA mana mailA ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra gaMdale jala meM pratibimba dikhAI nahIM detA, usI prakAra maile mana meM AtmA ke darzana nahIM ho sakate, isalie jJAnI puruSoM ne mana ko nirmala karane kI bAta kahI hai| tana se Apa padmAsana lagAkara baiTha gae, parantu mana yadi bhaTakatA rahA, to sAdhanA kaise saphala ho sakatI hai ? yoM to bagulA bhI eka TAMga para khar3A hokara ekAgratA se dhyAna karatA hai, parantu vaha vAstava meM usakA dhyAna nahIM, durdhyAna hai| usakA sArA dhyAna sirpha machalI pakar3ane ke lie hai, isalie yaha dharma nahIM ho sakatA - tana kA to Asana jamA, mana ke kaTe na paaNkh| bagulA to dhyAnI banA, para machalI para A~kha / / 59 7. mAyA se svayaM ko bhI hAni-nItikAroM kA kathana hai ki AcArya, naTa, dhUrta, vaidya aura bahuzruta -inase kuTilatA, mAyAcAra kabhI nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki inake sAtha kuTilatA karane para hamArI apanI hI hAni hotI hai| AcArya ke sAmane yadi apane aparAdha hama saralatApUrvaka svIkAra kara lete haiM, to unake dvArA pradatta prAyazcitta se Atmazuddhi ho sakatI hai, parantu yadi aparAdha chipA lete haiM, to bhItara-hI-bhItara aparAdha karane kA zalya banA rahegA aura Atmazuddhi kabhI nahIM hogii| zAstroM meM lakSmaNA sAdhvI 759 jayanta pravacana parimala, pR. 90 700 AcArye ca naTe dhUrte, vaidya-vezyA-bahuzrute, kauTilyaM naiva karttavyam ....... - nItizAstra For Personal & Private Use Only

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358 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva evaM rukmaNI sAdhvI ke udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| unakI sAmAnya-sI mAyA bhI unake bhavabhramaNa kA hetu bana gii| lakSmaNA sAdhvI61 - lakSmaNA sAdhvI ne eka bAra cakravAka evaM cakravAkI kI praNaya-kriyA ko kucha kSaNoM taka dhyAna se dekhaa| unake hRdaya meM vAsanA ke supta saMskAra jAgrata ho ge| unakA mana vikAra-bhAvoM meM bahatA rhaa| kucha dera meM vicAroM se ubarane ke bAda unake mana ko eka jhaTakA lagA - aho ! maiM kahA~ kho gaI thii| saMyamI jIvana meM aisA vicAra kyA zobhAspada hai ? mujhase kitanA jaghanya aparAdha huA hai| kyoM na maiM prAyazcitta kI agni meM Atmadeva ko pavitra kara lU~ ? guru-caraNoM meM vinamra aMjalibaddha praNAma ke uparAnta lakSmaNA ne manda svara meM prazna kiyA - "he pUjyA! kisI pakSI-yugala kI vAsanAtmaka-kriyA. dekhakara yadi vikAra-pariNAma AeM, to kyA prAyazcitta karanA cAhie ?" gurujI ne gaMbhIratA se pratiprazna kiyA - "yaha prAyazcitta kise lenA hai ?" lakSmaNA ke mAthe para pasIne kI bUMdeM jhilamilA utthii| pApa ko svIkAra karane kA sAhasa vaha juTA nahIM paaii| sahasA mukha se bola phUTa par3e -"kisI ne yaha prazna karane ke lie mujhe kahA thaa|" basa, saba samApta ho gyaa| mAyA ne prAyazcitta karane kI bhAvanA ke uparAnta bhI prAyazcitta nahIM karane diyaa| usakI dIrghakAlika tapasyA bhI pApa ke dAga ko dho nahIM pAI aura vaha mAyA saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA kAraNa bana gii| rukmI762 - kaI zramaNa-zramaNiyA~ AcAryazrI se apane pApoM kI AlocanArUpa prAyazcitta grahaNa kara rahe the| acAnaka AcAryazrI ne rukmI sAdhvI para dRSTipAta kiyA aura pUchA - "he AryA! Apako prAyazcitta lenA hai ?" rUkmI ne sahaja-saumyatA se kahA - "nahIM bhagavan!" para AcAryazrI ne kahA - "atIta meM jaba tuma rAjakumArI thI, to tumane eka rAjakumAra ko vikAramaya dRSTi se dekhA thaa|" rukmI cauMka par3I - 'o ho! kyA vahI rAjakumAra ye AcArya haiM ?' usake pA~voM tale dharatI khisakane lgii| mAyA ne apanA A~cala phailAyA, kyoMki rukmI sAdhvI ke akhaNDa brahmacarya kI khyAti dUra-sudUra taka vyApta thii| rukmI ne sahaja hone kA prayAsa karate hue kahA - "bhagavan! vaha kaTAkSa mAtra ApakI parIkSA hetu thaa|" AcArya mauna ho gae, 761 kaSAya : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI, pR. 32 kathA-saMgraha 762 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 359 para zAstra kahate haiM - rukmI sAdhvI kA pApa mApha nahIM huaa| mAyA ne usa pApa ko itanA gaharA kara diyA ki janma-janmAMtara meM use ukhAr3anA kaThina ho gyaa| naTa, dhUrta aura vaidya ke sAtha kapaTa karane se IMTa kA javAba patthara se milegaa| DaoNkTara yA vaidya ko yadi roga kA khulAsA ThIka taraha se nahIM kareMge, to ve cikitsA bhI ThIka prakAra se nahIM kara paaeNge| isI prakAra, bahuzruta vidvAn, jJAnI ke sAmane bhI apanI zaMkAeM chipA leMge, to ajJAnatA kisa prakAra se dUra hogI ? isa prakAra kI mAyA svayaM ko nukasAna pahuMcAtI hai| 8. mAyA-mRSAvAda eka pApa hai- aThAraha pApasthAnakoM meM mAyA evaM mRSAvAda -donoM svataMtra bheda- rUpa meM varNita haiN| donoM kA saMyukta rUpa mAyA-mRSAvAda bhI eka pApasthAnaka hai| mAyA ke binA asatya bhASaNa saMbhava nahIM hotA hai| asatya kI jananI hI mAyA hai| yaha pApa-sthAna mAyAvI hI sevana kara sakatA hai| asatya ko satya rUpa de denA, pApa ko chipA lenA, galata hote hue bhI acche hone kA DhoMga karanA mAyA mRSAvAdI' kA kArya hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai - mAyA sahasroM satya ko naSTa kara DAlatI hai| mAyA-mRSAvAda se lobha bar3hatA hai, ataH isase bacanA caahie| mAyAvI avizvAsapAtra hotA hai - mAyAcAra se yukta vyakti mIThA bolakara logoM kA vizvAsa jItate haiM, phira pITha meM churA ghoMpa dete haiN| jaise pahAr3a dUra se kitane hI sundara dikhAI dete hoM, kintu nikaTa jAne para bar3I-bar3I guphAe~, vizAla caTTAneM, kAMTedAra sUkhe per3a, sA~pa, biccha, siMha, bhAlU Adi bhayaMkara vastuoM aura hiMsaka prANiyoM ke darzana hote haiM, usI prakAra cANakya ne kahA hai - "adhika ziSTAcAra zaMkA ke yogya hotA hai|"766 pahale jo vyakti dUra-dUra rahatA thA, sAmane Ane para namaskAra taka nahIM karatA thA, vaha yadi caraNa 765 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 32/30 764 dazavaikAlika-8/37 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 19/45 766 atyupacAra: zaDikatavya - cANakyanIti For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva chUne meM lagA rahatA hai, to samajha lenA cAhie ki avazya koI bar3A dhokhA dene vAlA hai| namaskAra namaskAra meM aMtara hotA hai, sabhI namaskAra samAna nahIM hote, kyoMki dhokhebAja vyakti dogunA jhukatA hai, jaise- cItA, cora aura kamAna / 360 namana - namana meM pharka hai, saba samAna mata mAna / dagAbAja dugunA nameM, cItA, cora, kamAna / / yaha mAyA kA phailAva sAre saMsAra meM samAyA huA hai| azubhAzaya se satya ko asatyaM batAnA, chala-kapaTa karanA, apane akRtya ko anya para Aropita karanA, tapasvI na hote hue bhI apane ko tapasvI batAnA sabhI mAyA hai| yaha satya hai ki mAyA kabhI phalIbhUta nahIM ho sakatI hai| dUsaroM ko dhokhA denA svayaM ko bahuta bar3A dhokhA denA hai, isalie jIvana ke utthAna ke lie hamArA jIvana samyaka rUpa se nizchala aura sarala honA caahie| hamArI prIti aura kRtya niHsvArtha hone caahie| jisa dina yaha saralatA aura sahajatA hamAre hRdaya meM A jAegI, usI dina se hamArA jIvana mAyArahita hokara, jIvana meM dharma kA AnaMda barasane lgegaa| isa AnaMda ko prApta karane ke lie mAyA para vijaya prApta kaise kareM, isakI carcA hama Age kareMge / mAyA para vijaya kaise ? mAyA - vijaya ke nimna upAya haiN| .. 767 1. " sohI ujjUya bhUyassa, dhammo suddhassa ciTThaI " uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki RjubhUta - sarala vyakti kI hI zuddhi hotI hai aura sarala hRdaya meM hI dharmarUpI pavitra vastu ThaharatI hai - aisA vicAra kara hRdaya ko sarala banAne kA prayatna nirantara karate rahanA cAhie / 767 saralatA dharma kI jananI hai| saralatA binA mukti saMbhava nahIM hai| suI meM praveza lene hetu dhAge ko sIdhA honA hotA hai, sarala, narama sApha-sutharI jamIna meM hI bIja boyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra sarala hRdaya meM samyakatvarUpI bIja - vapana hotA hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 3/12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 361 2. mAna-vijaya ke lie niraMtara yaha ciMtana karate rahanA cAhie ki kAryasiddhi chala-prapaMca se nahIM, puNyodaya se hotI hai| asaphalatA kA yoga hone para chala aura mAyA bhI siddhi meM sahAyaka nahIM bnte| 3. vyavahAra meM dUsaroM ko ThaganA nizcaya meM apane-Apako ThaganA hai- aisA vicAra bAra-bAra karate rahanA caahie| 4. saccAI aura saralatA mAnava-jIvana kA sAra hai- yaha samajhakara jIvana meM inakA AcaraNa karanA caahie| ___5. chipakara kie jAne vAle pApa sarvajJa to jAnate hI haiM, prakRti bhI usakA badalA letI hai, yaha socakara mAyA ke pApoM se bacanA caahie| 6. pratidina zAma ko dina bhara meM kI gaI pravRttiyoM meM kahA~-kahA~, kitanI-kitanI mAyA, dikhAvA, ThagAI, pravaMcanA Adi kA sevana kiyA, usako yAda kara bhaviSya meM aisA na karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa karanA caahie| 7. mAyA aura asatya eka sikke ke do pahalU haiN| sarala vyakti ko asatya kA Azraya nahIM lenA par3atA, gar3he-gar3hAe, bane-banAe ko yAda nahIM rakhanA pdd'taa| sarala AdamI tanAva meM nahIM, apitu mastI meM jItA hai| 8. kabhI-kabhI mAyAvI vyakti apane hI zabda-jAla meM pha~sa jAtA hai, isalie kapaTa-pravRtti ko chor3akara sIdhe-sarala zabdoM kA prayoga karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| 9. yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki mAyA-kaSAya ananta duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai, tiryaMca-gati kA hetu hai| 68 10. mAyAvI puruSa yadyapi aparAdha nahIM karatA, tathApi vaha apane mAyAvI svabhAva ke doSa ke kAraNa sarpa ke samAna pratyeka ke lie avizvasanIya hotA hai, isalie mAyA kA pratipakSa dharma saralatA dharma hai, jo ki amRta ke samAna kahA gayA hai| 769 jagat ke logoM ke lie 768 mAyA tiryagyonasya - tattvArthasUtra, a. 6, sUtra 17 tadArjavamahauSadhyA jagadAna jayejjagadadrohakarI mAyAM viSadharImiva / / -yogazAstra-4/17 itnaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ArogyadAyinI prItivizeSa RjutA (Arjava ) hai, jo kapaTa- bhAva ke tyAgapUrvaka mAyAkaSAya para vijaya prApta karAkara mukti kA kAraNa banatI hai / 362 kuTilatA kI kIla se jakar3A huA kliSTacitta evaM Thagane meM zikArI ke samAna dakSa manuSya svapna meM bhI sukha ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA / bhale hI manuSya samagra kalAoM catura ho, samasta vidyAoM meM pAraMgata ho, lekina bAlaka jaisI saralatA na ho, kapaTarahita hRdaya na ho, to sAdhanA meM saphalatA prApta nahIM kara sakatA / gaNadhara gautamasvAmI zrutasamudra meM pAraMgata the| pacAsa hajAra ziSyoM ke guru, phira bhI Azcarya hai ki ve navadIkSita ke samAna saralatA ke dhanI banakara bhagavadvavacana sunate the| kitane hI duSkarma kie hoM, lekina saralatA se jo apane kRta duSkarmoM kI AlocanA kara letA hai, vaha samasta karmoM kA kSaya kara detA hai, parantu yadi lakSmaNA sAdhvI kI taraha kapaTa rakhakara dambhapUrvaka AlocanA kI, to usakA pApa alpamAtra hote hue bhI vaha saMsAravRddhi kA kAraNa banegA / mokSa aura sAdhanA meM saphalatA use hI milatI hai, jisakI AtmA meM saba prakAra kI saralatA ho / jisake mana, vANI aura karma (kAyA) meM kuTilatA bharI hai, usakI mukti kisI prakAra bhI nahIM hotI, ataH vivekabuddhi se saralabhAva kA Azraya lekara mAyA para vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI kahA hai - "mAyA - vijaya se saralatA AtI hai, mAyA - vedanIya kA bandha nahIM hotA tathA pUrvabaddha mAyA kI nirjarA ho jAtI hai 1770 pramAdavaza hue kapaTa- AcaraNa ke prati AlocanA karake jo sarala hRdaya ho jAtA hai, vaha dharma kA ArAdhaka hai| jaba taka mana niSkapaTa aura mAyArahita nahIM banatA, sAdhanA saphala nahIM ho sktii| kahA bhI hai caMgA, to kaThautI meM gaMgA / bhakta ne guru se pUchA pahuMcane kA sarala mArga kyA hai ?" guru ne kahA svarga mila jAyagA / " 770 mAyA - vijaeNaM ajjavaM jaNayai mAyA - veyaNijjaM kammaM ca baMdhai, puvvabaddhaM ca nijjarei / - mana "gurudeva ! svarga (mokSa) "vatsa! sarala bana jAo, - uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 29/70 For Personal & Private Use Only -

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AcArya haribhadrasUri kA eka suprasiddha graMtha hai - lalitavistarA / yaha zakrastava kI eka pANDityapUrNa dArzanika - vivecanA hai / isa graMtha meM mAyA kI tulanA 'mAtA' se kI gaI hai doSAcchAdakatvAt saMsArijanmahetutpAd vA mAteva mAyA / 71 jisa prakAra mAtA apane putra ke doSoM ko DhaMkatI hai, usI prakAra mAyA se bhI manuSya apane doSoM ko DhaMkane kA prayAsa karatA hai| dUsare artha meM mAtA jisa prakAra prANiyoM ke janma kA hetu banatI hai, usI prakAra mAyA bhI prANiyoM ke saMsAra meM janma lene kA hetu banatI hai| vastutaH, apane doSoM ko miTAne kA, haTAne kA, dUra karane kA prayAsa acchA hai, paraMtu una doSoM para paradA DAlane kA prayAsa burA hai / 771 -0000 lalitavistarA, A. haribhadrasUri, vivecanakAra pU. pa. zrI bhAnuvijayajI, pR. 10 363 For Personal & Private Use Only

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364 adhyAya-9 772 773 774 775 776 saMjJAoM ke dazavidha aura SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa meM AThavIM saMjJA lobha-saMjJA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| vaise, saMjJA ke caturvidha vargIkaraNa meM caturtha parigrahasaMjJA bhI hai, jisakA mUla kAraNa lobha hI hai / yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki lobha aura parigraha meM kyA aMtara hai ? sAmAnya dRSTi se saMgraha kI vRtti lobha hai aura saMgraha kI pravRtti parigraha hai / saMgrahavRtti kI bAhya- abhivyakti parigraha hai aura Antarika sthiti hI lobha hai| lobha eka manodazA hai aura parigraha usI lobha kA bAhya pariNAma hai| isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki lobha hetu hai aura parigraha usakA pariNAma hai| lobha ko kaSAya kahA gayA hai aura parigraha ko saMjJA, phira bhI vyAvahArika - dRSTi se donoM meM kisI sImA taka samarUpatA bhI hai| lobha bar3hane se saMcayavRtti bar3hatI hai aura saMcayavRtti se lobha bar3hatA hai| kahA bhI hai- 'jahA lAho tahA loho, lAhA loho pavaDDhai "2, arthAt jyoM-jyoM lAbha bar3hatA hai, tyoM-tyoM lobha bar3hatA jAtA hai| lAbha se lobha ghaTatA nahIM, pratyuta bar3hatA hI hai / .772 lobha-saMjJA {Instinct of Greed} 773 774 'lobha' zabda lubh + ghaJ ke saMyoga se banA hai, jisakA artha lolupatA, lAlasA, lAlaca, atitRSNA Adi haiN| dhana Adi kI tIvra AkAMkSA yA gRddhi lobha hai / ' bAhya-padArthoM meM jo, 'yaha merA hai' - isa prakAra kI anurAgarUpa buddhi kA honA lobha kahalAtA hai| 75 yogya sthAna para dhana ko vyaya nahIM karanA bhI lobha hai| 7" dhavalA meM AkAMkSA yA apekSA ko jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 8 /17 saMskRta hindI koza, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana vArANasI, pR. 886 anugrahapravaNadravyAdyabhikAGkSAvezo lobhaH / - rAjavArttika- 8/9/5/574 /32 brAhmArtheSu mamedaM buddhirlobhaH / - dhavalA - 12/4 yuktasthale dhanavyayAbhAvo lobhaH / - niyamasAra, tA.vR. 112 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 777 lobha kahA gayA hai| " lobha eka aisI manovRtti hai, jisake vazIbhUta hokara pApoM ke daladala meM pAMva rakhane ke lie bhI vyakti taiyAra ho jAtA hai| lobha-saMjJA 'lobha ke udaya se citta meM padArthoM kI prApti ke lie jo vAsanA utpanna hotI hai, vahI lobha - saMjJA hai| 778 'lobha vedanIyakarma ke udaya se sacitAcita padArthoM ko prApta karane kI lAlasA hai, jo kaSAya ke udaya ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai| ise hI lobhasaMjJA kahate haiN|"" prajJApanAsUtra meM bhI sacitAcita vastuoM kI prApti kI icchA ko lobha-saMjJA kahA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM lAlasApUrvaka dravya ke grahaNa aura saMgraha kI abhilASA ko lobhasaMjJA kahA gayA hai| 781 pravacanasAroddhAra meM 'lAlasA rakhate hue sacita yA acita dravyoM kI prArthanA karanA lobha-saMjJA hai, jo lokakaSAyajanya hai| 782 365 783 ataH, spaSTa hai ki lobhamohanIya karma ke udaya se citta meM utpanna honevAlI tRSNA, icchA, lAlasA lobhasaMjJA kahalAtI hai / jIva kI lAlacI manaHsthiti ko bhI lobha-saMjJA kahate haiM / pAzcAtya - manovaijJAnika mekaDyUgala ne jina caudaha mUlapravRttiyoM kI carcA kI, unameM saMgrahavRtti ke rUpa meM lobha kA bhI samAveza kara liyA gayA, kyoMki saMgrahavRtti lobhabhAvanA ke kAraNa hI saMbhava ho sakatI hai| jitanI lobha kI pravRtti bar3hegI, saMgraha kI vRtti utanI hI adhika bar3hatI calI jAegI / 778 - 777 garhA kAGkSA lobhaH / - dhavalA - 1/1 lobhodayAtpradhAnabhavakAraNAbhievaMgapUrvikAsacittetaradravyotpAdanAkriyaiva saMjJAyate'nayeti / - abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, 779 bhAga-6, pR. 755 lobhavedanIyodayato lAlasatvena lobhodayAllobhasattavAnvitA sacittetadravyaprArthanaiva saMjJAyate'nayeti lobhasaMjJA / - sthAnAMgasUtra10/1051 780 sacitdravyaprArthanAyAm - prajJApanA- 8/725 781 bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga - 2, AcArya mahAprajJa, za.7, u.8, 782 pravacanasAroddhAra, sA. hemaprabhAzrI, dvAra 146, gAthA 924, pR. 80 783 daNDakaprakaraNa, gAthA 12 784 jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.462 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bauddhadarzana meM bhI bAvana caitasika-dharmoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| caitasika-dharma ve tathya haiM, jo citta kI pravRtti ke hetu haiM / unameM bhI lobha, dveSa aura moha ko akuzala citta ke preraka kahA gayA hai| 366 gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki Asakti kA tattva hI vyakti ko saMgraha aura bhogavAsanA ke lie prerita karatA hai| kahA gayA hai - "Asakti ke bandhana meM baMdhA huA vyakti kAmabhoga kI pUrti ke lie anyAyapUrvaka artha-saMgraha karatA hai| "785 yahA~ kAmabhoga kI lAlasA kA artha lobhavRtti se hai| gItA ke anusAra, Asakti aura lobha naraka kA kAraNa haiM / kAmabhogoM meM Asakta manuSya hI naraka aura azubha yoniyoM meM janma letA hai / ' 786 ataH, jainadarzana meM varNita lobhasaMjJA, bauddhadarzana kA lobha nAmaka caitasika-dharma, gItA kI Asakti aura manovijJAna kI saMgrahavRtti meM nAma se cAhe asamAnatA dikhAI detI hai, parantu artha kI dRSTi se ye sabhI ekarUpa haiM / lobha kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa lobha, arthAt lAlaca kA artha adhika pAne kI lAlasA hai| yaha lAlasA vyakti meM aneka durguNoM ko janma detI hai| jaba lobha kA bhUta mana meM savAra ho jAtA hai, taba vyakti karttavyAkarttavya, hitAhita, acchAI-burAI, nyAya-anyAya evaM satyAsatya ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai| usakA viveka kuMThita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki usakA ekamAtra uddezya adhikAdhika lAbha kamAnA hI hotA hai, cAhe vaha ucita tarIke se ho, yA anucita tarIke se / usakA sArA dhyAna lAbha kamAne meM hI lagA rahatA hai| isa lobha ke kAraNa vaha bhUkha-pyAsa taka kI bhI paravAha nahIM karatA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM 787 lobha ko AmiSAvartta kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mAMsa ke lie giddha Adi pakSI cakkara kATate haiM, usI prakAra lobhI manuSya iSTa padArthoM kI prApti ke lie udyamazIla rahatA hai / 785 gItA - 16/12 786 787 vahI - 16/16 AmisAvatasamANe lobhe -- |- sthAnAMgasUtra, 4, u.4, sUtra 653 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 367 AcArAMgasUtra meM varNana hai788 - sukha kI kAmanA karane vAlA lobhI bAra-bAra duHkha ko prApta karatA hai| prazamarati meM789 lobha ko saba vinAzoM kA AdhAra, saba vyasanoM kA rAjamArga batAyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM 790 ullekha hai - yaha merA hai, vaha merA hai, isa mamatvabuddhi ke kAraNa hI bAla jIva vilupta hote haiN| Age kahA hai - yathAvasara saMcita dhana ko to dUsare ur3A lete haiM aura saMgrahI ko apane pApakarmoM kA duSphala bhoganA par3atA hai, kyoMki lobha mukti-mArga kA bAdhaka hai| __ jJAnArNava meM lobha ko anartha kA mUla tathA pApa kA bApa kahA gayA. hai| lobha se pIr3ita huA puruSa apane mAlika, guru, bandhu (hitaiSI), vRddha, strI, bAlaka tathA kSINa, durbala, anAtha, dInAdikoM ko bhI niHzaMkatA se mArakara dhana ko grahaNa karatA hai| 193 manuSya taba taka hI mitratA kA pAlana karatA hai, cAritra-bala meM vRddhi karatA hai, AzritoM kA samyaka rIti se poSaNa karatA hai, jaba taka vaha isa lobha ke vazIbhUta na ho, kyoMki lobha se grasta vyakti ko kucha bhAna hI nahIM hotaa| vaha apanI mastI meM masta banA rahatA hai| cANakyanIti meM kahA hai - "eka janma se andhA hotA hai, use dikhAI nahIM detA, kAmAndha ko kucha bhI nahIM dikhatA, jo nazA karake madonmatta ho jAe, use bhI kucha dikhAI nahIM detA aura jo kisI svArtha ke 788 suhaTThI lAlappabhANe saeNa dukkheNa mUDhe vippariyAsamuveta.... / -AcArAMgasUtra, a.2, u.6, sUtra 151 789 sarva vinAzAzrAyiNa ......... | - prazamarati, gAthA 29 790 mamAI luppaI bAle ............ | - sUtrakRtAMga- 1/1/1/4 anne harati taM vittaM, kammI kammehi kiccatI - vahI - 1/9/4 icchAlobhite muttimaggassa plimNthuu| - sthAnAMgasUtra- 6/3 svAmigurUbandhuvRddhanabalAbAlAMzca jiirnndiinaadiin| vyApAdya vigatarAMko lobhA" vittmaadtte|| - jJAnArNava, sarga 9, gAthA 70 For Personal & Private Use Only

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368 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva lobha se andhA ho jAtA hai, use bhI kisI kAma meM koI doSa dikhAI nahIM detA / " #794 hitopadeza meM lobha ko saba pApoM kI jar3a kahA gayA hai- "lobha se krodha utpanna hotA hai, lobha se hI kAmanA utpanna hotI hai, lobha se hI moha paidA hotA hai tathA lobha se hI nAza hotA hai, isalie lobha ko pApa kA hetu (kAraNa) samajhA gayA hai / " #795 796 zrImadbhagavadgItA meM kAma, krodha aura lobha ko naraka kA dvAra batAyA gayA hai, jo AtmA ko adhogati pradAna karate haiM, ata: ina tInoM kA hI tyAga karanA cAhie / ' lobha ke svarUpa ko batalAte hue hemacandrAcArya ne yogazAstra meM spaSTa kahA hai- "jaise lohA Adi saMba dhAtuoM kA utpattisthAna khAna hai, vaise hI prANAtipAta Adi samasta doSoM kI khAna lobha hai| yaha samasta guNoM ko nigala jAne vAlA rAkSasa hai, Aphata (duHkha) rUpI beloM kA kanda (mUla) hai| vastutaH, lobha dharma-artha-kAma aura mokSarUpI puruSArthoM meM bAdhaka hai, 797 ataH lobha durjeya hai|. jaise sabhI pApoM meM hiMsA bar3A pApa hai, sabhI karmoM meM mithyAtvaM mahAn hai aura samasta rogoM meM kSayaroga bhayAnaka hai, vaise hI saba avaguNoM meM lobha mahAn avaguNa hai| vastutaH, aisA kahate haiM ki lobha pApoM kA mUla hai| lobhI vyakti ko sampUrNa saMsAra kI sampatti bhI kyoM na mila jAe, phira bhI usakI tRpti nahIM hotI / vaha sadaiva atRpta hI banA rahatA hai| nirdhana manuSya sau rupae kI abhilASA karatA hai, sau pAne vAlA hajAra kI icchA karatA hai aura hajAra rupayoM kA svAmI lAkha rupae pAnA cAhatA hai / lakSAdhipati karor3a kI lAlasA karatA hai aura koTipati rAjA banane kA svapna dekhatA hai, rAjA ko cakravartI banane kI dhuna savAra hotI hai, 794 na pazyati ca janmAndhaH kAmAndho naiva pazyati / na pazyati madonmatto, hyarthI doSAn na pazyati / / lobhAtkrodhaH prabhavati, lobhAtkAmaH prajAyate / lobhAnmohazca nAzazca, lobhaH pApasya kAraNam / / trividhaM narakasyedaM dvAraM nAzanamAtmanaH / kAmaH krodhastathAM lobhastasmAdetattrayaM tyajet / / AkaraH sarvadoSANAM guNagrasanarAkSasaH / kando vyasanavallInAM, lobhaH sarvArthabAdhakaH / / 795 796 797 cANakyanIti- 6/7 hitopadezamitra 26 gItA - 16/21 yogazAstra-4/18 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva aura cakravarttI ko deva banane kI lAlasA jAgatI hai / deva bhI indrapada prApta karanA cAhatA hai, magara indrapada prApta hone para bhI to icchA kA anta nahIM hotA hai, ataH prArambha meM thor3A-sA lobha hotA hai, vahI bAda meM zaitAna kI taraha bar3hatA jAtA hai| 798 varttamAna meM AdamI kitane varSa taka jIvita raha sakatA hai ? adhika-se-adhika sau varSa taka jIvana raha sakatA hai, parantu vaha taiyArI karatA hai, hajAroM varSoM kii| sau varSa taka jIvita rahane vAlA vyakti hajAra varSa kI sAmagrI saMcaya karane ke lie AkAza-pAtAla eka karake, duHkhamUlaka pravRttiyoM kA sahArA le, pApa-puNya, dharma-adharma kA sahArA lekara aura lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara saMcaya karatA hai| jisa prakAra billI cUhA mArane meM, nevalA sarpa mArane meM aura siMha hiraNa ko mArane meM pApa nahIM mAnatA, usI prakAra asaMtoSI lobhI jIva saMgraha meM bhI pApa nahIM maantaa| AdhyAtmayogI zrI AnandaghanajI ne lobha (tRSNA) kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai - "ar3hAI dvIpa ko cArapAI banA diyA jAe, AkAza ko takiyA va dharatI ko or3hane kI cAdara banA dI jAe, taba bhI asantoSI manuSya yahI kahegA ki mere paira to bAhara hI rahate haiM / " pUMjI lAkha rupae kI hone para bhI yadi rattI bhara bhI sukha na mile, to isakA kAraNa tRSNA aura asantoSa hI haiN| cakravartI jaisI Rddhi-siddhi milane para bhI lobha - pravRtti jyoM kI tyoM rahe, to mana sadA baicena banA rahatA hai| jisake jIvana meM puNya adhika evaM lobha kama hotA hai, vaha vyakti sukhI hotA hai aura jisake jIvana meM lobha adhika evaM puNya kama hotA hai, vaha atyanta duHkhI hotA hai| kadama-kadama para usake sAmane duHkha ke kAMTe hI biche rahate haiM / duHkha kA kAraNa lobha hai| jisameM lobha nahIM hotA, usakA duHkha naSTa ho jAtA hai| duniyA meM jitane bhI baMdhana haiM, unameM se jakar3ane vAlA lobha hI hai| baMdhana koI nahI cAhatA, kyoMki baMdhana paratantratA hai, sukha svataMtratA hai| 798 799 1) dhanahInaH zatamekaM sahastraM zatavAnapi / sahastrAdhipatirlakSaM, koTiM lakSezvaro'pi ca / / 2 ) koTIzvaro narendratvaM narendrazcakravarttitAm / cakravartI ca devatvaM, devo'pIndratvamicchati / / 3) indratve'pi hi samprApte, yadIcchA na nivartate / mUla laghIyAMstallobhaH, sarAva iva vardhate / / - yogazAstra - 4/19-21 taka dukkhaM hayaM jassa na hoi loho / - uttarAdhyayana-32/8 369 For Personal & Private Use Only

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370 lakSaNa - lobha ke lakSaNa ke saMdarbha meM carcA kareM, to vastutaH lobha eka Antarika - manobhAva hai| bAhya svarUpa se hama nahIM darzA sakate ki yaha vyakti lobhI hai, parantu usake kriyAkalApoM ke mAdhyama se usake lobhI hone kA patA calatA hai| asaMtoSavRtti, icchA, AkAMkSA, tRSNA, dhana ke prati atyadhika Asakti, kaMjUsa pravRtti aura thor3e-se lAbha ke lie asatyabhASaNa kA prayoga karanA lobhI vyakti ke pramukha lakSaNa haiM / cintAmaNi meM 'lobha' se saMbaMdhita vicArAtmaka nibandha meM uddhRta lobha ke do ugra lakSaNa batAe haiM 800 1. asaMtoSa aura 2. anya vRttiyoM kA dAsa / . jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jaba lobha bahuta bar3ha jAtA hai, taba prApta meM santoSa nahIM hotA aura adhika pAne kI cAha banI rahatI hai| aisI sthiti meM vyakti mAna-apamAna, karuNA-dayA, nyAya-anyAya to bhUla hI jAtA hai; kintu kaI bAra kSudhA - tRSA, nidrA-vizrAma, sukha-bhoga kI icchA bhI dabA letA hai| lobha kI pravRtti ekendriya jIva se lekara paMcendriya jIva taka sabhI jIvoM meM suSupta aura jAgrata avasthA meM pAI jAtI hai / isa bhUmaNDala para lobha kA ekachatra sAmrAjya hai| lobha ke kAraNa hI ekendriya per3a-paudhe bhI dhana milane para use apanI jar3a meM dabAkara, pakar3akara Dhake rakhate haiN| dhana ke lobha meM dvIndriya, trIndriya aura caturindriya jIva bhI apane gAr3e hue nidhAna para mUrcchApUrvaka jagaha banAkara rahate haiM / sarpa, goha, nevale, cUhe Adi paMcendriya jIva dhana ke lobha se nidhAna vAlI jagaha para Asaktivaza baiThe rahate haiM / pizAca, mudgala, bhUta, preta, yakSa Adi apane yA dUsare ke dhana para lobha va mUrcchAvaza nivAsa karate haiN| AbhUSaNa, udyAna, bAvar3I Adi para mUrcchAgrasta hokara devatA bhI cyava kara pRthvIkAyAdi yoni meM utpanna hote haiM / sAdhu bhI upazAntamoha - guNasthAna taka pahuMcakara krodhAdi para vijaya prApta kara lene para bhI ekamAtra alpalobha ke doSa ke kAraNa nIce ke guNasthAnoM meM A girate haiN| mA~sa ke Tukar3e ke lie jaise kutte Apasa meM lar3ate haiM, vaise hI eka mAtA ke udara meM janme hue sage bhAI bhI thor3e-se dhana ke lie paraspara lar3ate haiM / lobhAviSTa manuSya rAjya, gA~va, parvata evaM vana kI sImA para adhikAra jamAne ke lie sahRdayatA ko tilAMjali dekara grAmavAsI, rAjyAdhikArI, dezavAsI aura zAsakoM meM paraspara 800 cintAmaNi, bhAga-2, pR. 83 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 371 phUTa DAlakara apanA svArtha siddha karate haiN| lobha ke kAraNa manuSya mAlika ke Age naTa kI taraha nAcatA hai, usakA premabhAjana banane kA nATaka karatA hai aura svArtha siddha hone para usa ora dekhanA bhI pasaMda nahIM krtaa| sthAnAMgasUtra meM cAra sthAna aise haiM, jo kabhI nahIM bharate, arthAt pUrNa nahIM hote, hamezA apUrNa hI rahate haiM, jaise - samudra, zmazAna, peTa aura tRssnnaa| __ 1. samudra - samudra meM aneka nadiyA~ Akara milatI haiM, phira bhI samudra kabhI pUrA nahIM bharatA, usameM phira bhI nadiyoM kA jala samA lene kI kSamatA banI rahatI hai| 2. zmazAna - zmazAna meM karor3oM bAla, yuvA, vRddha, strI-puruSa ke zava jalAe jAte haiM, kintu phira bhI vaha khAlI hI rahatA hai| 3. peTa - peTa meM subaha, dopahara aura zAma kucha-na-kucha DAlate hI rahate haiM, phira bhI vaha khAlI-kA-khAlI hI rahatA hai| ___4. tRSNA - tRSNA eka virATa gaDDhA hai, use sumeru parvata se bhI nahIM bharA jA sktaa| vaha hamezA khAlI hI rahatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -"sone evaM cA~dI ke kailAza parvata kI taraha asaMkhya parvata bhI kisI lobhI manuSya ko de die jAeM, to bhI usake lie to ve aparyApta hI hoMge, kyoMki icchAe~ to AkAza ke samAna ananta haiN| 801 lobhAviSTa prANI dhanArjana ke aneka tarIke apanAtA hai| vaha sAmagrI meM milAvaTa karatA hai, taula-mApa meM gar3abar3I karatA hai, yadi naukarI para hai, to rizvata lekara aniyamita kArya bhI kara detA hai| adhika dhana ke lAlaca meM taskarI, hatyA Adi ghRNita kArya bhI nahIM chodd'taa| eka bAra jisake mana meM lobha basa jAtA hai; samajho vaha durguNoM ke daladala meM pha~satA hI calA jAtA hai| lobhI vyakti kama dekara adhika lenA cAhatA hai| usake andara se AtmIyatA evaM karuNA samApta ho jAtI hai, phira bhI lobha kA aMza kama nahIM hotaa| yadi lobha chor3a diyA gayA hai, to tapa Adi kI sAdhanA kA kyA prayojana aura agara lobha nahIM chor3A hai, to bhI tapa se kyA prayojana ? 801 suvaNNa-rUppassa u pavvayA bhave, siyA hu kailAsasamA asNkhyaa| - narassa luddhassa na tehi kiMci, icchA hu AgAsasamA annNtiyaa||- uttarAdhyayanasUtra-9/48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva samasta zAstroM ke paramArtha kA manthana kara yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sAdhaka ko lobha ko naSTa karane kA puruSArtha karanA cAhie / lobha ke vibhinna rUpa lobha - pravRtti vyakti kI icchAoM aura tRSNAoM para Azrita hotI hai / jitanI adhika lobha kI pravRtti vyakti ke antaraMga meM vyApta hotI hai, usakI pUrti ke lie vaha nirantara udyama karatA hai| cAhe vaha udyama ucita ho yA anucita, satya ho yA asatya, samyak ho yA asamyak, una sabakI cintA kie binA apanI lobhapravRtti kI pUrti ke lie vaha prayatnazIla dikhAI detA hai| 372 vastutaH, pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSaya evaM mAna - kaSAya jaba puSTa hote haiM, to lobha apane pA~va jamAnA prAraMbha kara detA hai| vastu-vinimaya kA eka sAdhana dhana hai aura viSayabhoga ke sAdhanoM kI prApti dhana dvArA hotI hai, ataH vyakti apanI lobha - pravRtti kI pUrti ke lie rAta-dina daur3a lagAtA hai, vahA~ usakI AvazyakatAeM gauNa hokara lobha - pravRtti pramukha ho jAtI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM lobha ke solaha paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI tathA samavAyAMgasUtra meM caudaha paryAyavAcI kI carcA kI gaI hai| 803 802 - samavAyAMgasUtra meM lobha ke nimna caudaha paryAya batAe haiM lobha, icchA, mUrcchA, kAMkSA, gRddhi, tRSNA, bhidhyA, abhidhyA, kAmAzA, bhogAzA, jIvitAzA, maraNAzA, nandi evaM rAga / bhagavatIsUtra meM ina caudaha paryAyoM ke atirikta tIna anya paryAya bhI die haiM jo isa prakAra haiM- AzaMsana, prArthana, lAlapana / 'samavAyAMgasUtra' meM naMdI evaM rAga ko bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai evaM 'bhagavatIsUtra' meM naMdIrAga ko eka hI paryAyavAcI batAyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kI abhayadevasUri vRtti ke anusAra ina paryAyavAciyoM kI vyAkhyA nimna hai 803 1 802 ahaM bhaMte / lobhe icchA, mucchA, kAMkhA, gehI, taNhA, vijjhA, abhijjhA, AsAsaNayA, patthaNayA, lAlappaNayA, kAmAsA, bhogAsA, jIviyAsA, maraNAsA, naMdirAge ... / - bhagavatIsUtra, za. 12, u. 5, samavAyAMgasUtra 52, sUtra 1 - sUtra 106 lobhe icchA mucchA kAMkhA | For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1. lobha saMgraha karane kI vRtti lobha hai / - 2. icchA iSTa-prApti kI bhAvanA, abhilASA icchA hai| icchA kA saMbaMdha kisI vastu yA viSaya se hotA hai| vaha vyakti ko para se jor3atI hai / paradravyoM kI cAha hI icchA hai, tIna loka ko pAne kI bhAvanA icchA hai| 804 3. mUrcchA saMrakSaNa meM hone vAlA - 4. kAMkSA aprApta padArtha kI AzaMsA, jo nahIM hai, bhaviSya meM use pAne kI icchA kAMkSA hai| 806 kAMkSA aura icchA meM sUkSma antara yahI hai ki kAMkSA want hai, to icchA will hai| sUkSma dRSTi se kaheM, to AkAMkSA icchA kI janaka hai / 804 305 806 mohanIyakarma ke udaya se citta meM utpanna hone vAlI 5. gRddhi prApta padArtha meM hone vAlI Asakti, prApta iSTa vastuoM meM abhirakSaNa kI pravRtti gRddhi kahalAtI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM, to apanI vastu meM Asakti rakhanA gRddhi hai / tIvra saMgraha - vRtti mUrcchA kahalAtI hai, yA padArtha ke anubaMdha, prakRSTa mohavRtti mUrcchA hai| 6. tRSNA prApta padArtha kA vyaya na ho - isa prakAra kI icchA tRSNA hai| jo vastu apane adhikAra meM hai, usa vastu ke prati vyaya na karane kI icchA tRSNA hai| -- 373 7. bhidhyA viSayoM ke prati hone vAlI saghana ekAgratA, arthAt iSTa vastu para apanI dRSTi sadA jamAe rakhanA / vaha kahIM idhara-udhara na calI jAe aura koI le na jAe, isa prakAra kI icchA hI bhidhyA hai / - 8. abhidhyA viSayoM ke prati hone vAlI virala ekAgratA, caMcalatA yA nizcaya se Diga jAnA / - icchAbhilASastrailokyaviSayaH / - tattvArthasUtra bhASyavRtti - 8 / 10 mUrcchA prakarSaprAptA mohavRddhiH / - tattvArthasUtra bhASyavRtti - 8 /10 bhaviSyatkAlopAdAnaviSayAkAMkSA 1 vahI For Personal & Private Use Only

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374 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 9. AzaMsanA - icchita vastu kI prApti ke lie diyA jAne vAlA aashiirvaad| 10. prArthanA - prArthanA karanA, yAcanA karanA, mAMganA Adi, arthAt sampatti, dhana, icchita vastu kI yAcanA karanA prArthanA hai| 11. lAlapanatA - iSTa vastu ko prApta karane ke lie bAra-bAra prArthanA karanA aura jaba taka vastu prApta na ho jAe, taba taka prArthanA karate rhnaa| 12. kAmAzA - kAma kI icchA, zabda, rUpa Adi ko pAne kI icchA kAmAzA hai| 13. bhogAzA - gaMdha, rasa Adi padArthoM ko bhogane kI kAmanA bhogAzA hai| madhura svara, suMdara rUpa, SaTrasa bhojana, surabhI gaMdha aura mulAyama vastrAdi ko bhogane kI icchA bhogAzA hotI hai| 14. jIvitAzA - jIvita rahane kI icchaa| jIva kI sabase prathama icchA jijIviSA (jIne kI prabala icchA) hai aura vaha anta taka rahatI hai| AcArAMga meM bhI kahA hai -'sabve pANA piAuA',807 sabhI prANiyoM ko apanI jiMdagI pyArI hai aura jIvita rahane kI icchA hI jIvitAzA hai| 15. maraNAzA - marane kI icchaa| duHkha, nirAzA, mAna-sammAna meM hAni ke bhaya se, vyApAra meM nukasAna yA kisI ke viyoga ke kAraNa mRtyu kI icchA hI maraNAzA hai| 16. naMdirAga - prApta samRddhi meM hone vAlI prasannatA, raMjanAtmaka-manovRtti naMdirAga hai| vyakti kI prasannatA usakI sampatti aura dhanAdi ko dekhakara aura bar3hatI hai aura una vastuoM ko dekhane se milane vAlI khuzI hI naMdirAga hai|808 807 AcArAMgasUtra- 1/2/3 808 lobhe tti sAmAnyaM icchA ............... nNdiraag| - bhagavatIvRtti- 12/106 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 375 kasAyapAhuDa meM lobha ke bIsa rUpoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai 809 - kAma, rAga, nidAna, chanda, stava, preya, doSa, sneha, anurAga, AzA, icchA, mUrchA, gRddhi, sAzatA, prArthanA, lAlasA, avirati, tRSNA, vidyA, jihvA / samavAyAMga evaM bhagavatIsUtra meM die lobha ke paryAya evaM kasAyapAhuDa meM die paryAyoM meM tIna-cAra paryAyoM meM sAmyatA hai, anya bhinna haiN| kasAyapAhuDa meM ullekhita paryAyoM kI nimna vyAkhyA hai - 1. kAma - strI, puruSa Adi kI abhilaassaa| 2. rAga - vissyaaskti| 3. nidAna - janmajanmAMtara saMbaMdhI sNklp| 4. chanda - manonukUla vezabhUSA meM vicrnaa| 5. stava - vividha viSayoM kI abhilASArUpa cintn| 6. preya - priya vastu kI prApti hetu tIvra bhAva / 7. doSa - IrSyAgrasta hokara parigraha-bahulatA kI icchaa| dUsaroM ko nIcA dikhAne ke lie parigraha kA saMcaya kara apane-Apako mahAn batAne kI icchaa| 8. sneha - priya vastu yA vyakti ke vicAra meM ekaagrtaa| 9, anurAga - atyadhika snehAdhikyatA rakhanA, arthAt vastu yA vyakti ke prati ati lagAva rkhnaa| 10. AzA - avidyamAna padArtha kI aakaaNkssaa| 11. icchA - parigraha-abhilASA / 12. mUrchA - saMgraha meM gAr3ha aaskti| 13. gRddhi -parigraha-vRddhi hetu ati tRssnnaa| 14. sAzatA - prtisprdhaa| 15. prArthanA - dhanaprApti kI atIva kaamnaa| 16. lAlasA - abhIpsita saMyoga hetu caahnaa| 17. avirati - parigraha-tyAga ke bhAva kA abhAva / 809 kAmo rAga NidANo ............. | - kaSAyacUrNi, a.9, gAthA 89 For Personal & Private Use Only

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376 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 18. tRSNA - viSaya-pipAsA, vastuoM kI icchaa| 19. vidyA - pUrva saMskAravaza jisakA nirantara anubhava ho| 20. jihvA - uttamottama bhogopabhoga sAmagrI ke lie jihvA lapalapAnA, rasadAra phala, miSThAnna, sundara paridhAna, AbhUSaNa Adi ke lie icchA krnaa| uparyukta bheda lobha manobhAva ke haiN| jaba bhI kisI vastu yA vyakti Adi ko prApta karane kI tIvra icchA hotI hai aura usake lie jIva jaba ucita aura anucita sAdhana-sAmagrI kA upayoga karane kA udyama karatA hai, vaha lobha hai| lobha kI AgamAnusAra rUpa-bheda vivecanA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki sAdhana-sAmagrI ke saMgraha karane kI jo-jo AkAMkSA jIva meM utpanna hotI haiM, ve sabhI lobha kI hI paryAya kahalAtI haiN| lobha ke cAra bheda 10 - 1. anaMtAnubandhI-lobha 2. apratyAkhyAnI-lobha 3. pratyAkhyAnI-lobha 4. saMjvalana-lobha 1. anaMtAnubaMdhI-loma - anantAnubaMdhI-lobha ko kiramicI ke raMga kI upamA dI gaI hai| vastra phaTa jAtA hai, para kiramicI kA pakkA raMga nahIM chUTatA, usI prakAra, anantAnubaMdhI lobha se saMkliSTa pariNAmoM vAlA jIva kisI bhI upAya se lobha nahIM chor3atA hai| jijIviSA, svasthatA, saMyoga-prApti kA lobha anantAnubandhI-lobha hai| jaba jIva deha ko 'maiM' svarUpa mAnatA hai, taba vaha jIne kI AkAMkSA, Arogya kI vAMcchA, iSTa padArthoM ke saMyoga kI kAmanA, priya vyaktiyoM se sambandha banAne kI bhAvanA rakhatA hai| vaha mammaNa seTha kI bhAMti kabhI bhI tRpti aura saMtoSa dhAraNa nahIM karatA hai| yaha samyaktva se jIva ko dUra rakhatA hai aura naraka-gati kA kAraNa banatA hai| 810 ka) bhagavatIsatra- 15/5/5 kha) prathama karmagraMtha, gAthA 20 ga) sthAnAMgasUtra- 4/87 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 377 2. apratyAkhyAnI-lobha - apratyAkhyAnI-lobha ko kAjala ke kAle dAga kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra kAjala ke kAle dhabbe atyadhika parizrama se miTate haiM, usI prakAra bahuta prayatna karane para evaM dina-rAta samajhAne se hI apratyAkhyAnI-lobha hRdaya se dUra hotA hai| apratyAkhyAnI-lobha vrata-niyama meM bAdhA utpanna karatA hai| kSAyika-samyaktvI vAsudeva zrIkRSNa ne apane rAjya meM ghoSaNA kI thI, 'jo bhI nagaravAsI prabhu neminAtha ke caraNoM meM saMyama grahaNa kare, usake kuTumba-pAlana kA dAyitva merA hai| ve apane nikaTastha pratyeka vyakti ko pravrajyA-aMgIkAra hetu preraNA dete the, kyoMki unako apratyAkhyAnI kA udaya cala rahA thA, isalie vaha vratAdi nahIM le sakate the| 3. pratyAkhyAnI-lobha pratyAkhyAnI-lobha ko kIcar3a ke raMga kI upamA dI gaI hai| kapar3e para lagA kIcar3a kA mailA raMga AsAnI se nahIM chUTatA hai, usI prakAra pratyAkhyAnI-lobha bhI mehanatapUrvaka miTatA hai| yaha sarvavirati meM bAdhaka banatA hai| isakI sthiti mAtra cAra mAsa taka rahatI hai| sAdhanA kSetra meM tvarita gati se agragAmI hone kI bhAvanA, bAraha vrata grahaNa kara pratimAeM dhAraNa karane kI icchA isa lobha meM hotI hai| 4. saMjvalana-lobha - saMjvalana-lobha ko haldI ke raMga kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra vastra para par3A haldI kA raMga sAbuna se dhokara dhUpa meM sukhAne se ur3a jAtA hai, usI prakAra zAstra-vAcana, pravacana-zravaNa, sadguru ke saMyoga Adi kAraNoM se jo lobha zIghra naSTa ho jAtA hai, vaha saMjvalana-lobha hai| zIghrAtizIghra mukti kA Ananda mile, yaha cAha bhI saMjvalana-lobha hai| gajasukumAra ne nemInAtha prabhu ke caraNoM meM dIkSA svIkAra karake sarvaprathama yaha prazna kiyA thA -"prabho! mujhe jaldI-se-jaldI mukti kaise prApta ho ?" pUrvavartI adhyAyoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke lie kucha udAharaNa prastuta kie gae haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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378 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vastutaH, krodha se aprIti kA janma hotA hai aura krodha kI Aga meM jaba viveka bhasmIbhUta ho jAtA hai, taba vyakti choTe-bar3e, apane-parAe ko anadekhA karake kucha bhI bola jAtA hai, jisase saMbaMdhoM meM darAra A jAtI hai, ataH krodha kI tIvratA-maMdatA ko pradarzita karane ke lie darAra (rekhA) kA sahArA liyA gayA hai| abhimAna vinaya aura namratA kA haraNa karatA hai| abhimAnI. vyakti jhuka nahIM pAtA hai, ataH use rekhAMkita karane ke lie DaMDe kA sahArA liyA gayA hai| mAyA se RjutA-saralatA kA vinAza hotA hai, isakA svabhAva vakratA evaM kuTilatA hai| chAla vakra hone se usake AdhAra para cAra dRSTAMta kie gae haiN| lobha vyakti se hiMsaka, adhArmika kriyAeM karavAtA hai| una saMkliSTa adhyavasAyoM ke kAraNa AtmA dUSita (raMjita) hotI hai, ataH lobhI vyakti kI manaHsthiti ko raMgoM ke dvArA paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, saMjvalana, pratyAkhyAnI, apratyAkhyAnI aura anantAnubaMdhI krodha-saMjJA, mAna-saMjJA, mAyA-saMjJA aura lobha-saMjJA kramazaH manda, tIvra, tIvratara aura tIvratama haiN| lobhotpatti ke kAraNa - sthAnAMgasUtra meM lobhotpatti ke cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai 1. kSetra ke kAraNa, 2. vastu ke kAraNa, 3. zarIra ke kAraNa, 4. upadhi ke kaarnn| nArakoM se lekara vaimAnika-devoM taka ke sabhI jIvoM meM ina cAra kAraNoM se lobha kI utpatti hotI hai| 1. kSetra ke kAraNa - kheta, bhami Adi ko prApta karane ke lie prayAsa krnaa| yaha kSetra, kheta aura bhUmi merI ho jAe aura jaba taka vaha apane adhikAra meM nahIM For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hotI, lobha kI pravRtti bar3hatI hI hai| eka kheta kA svAmI bana jAne para hRdaya meM dUsare kheta kharIdane kA lAlaca utpanna ho jAtA hai / kahA gayA hai"yadi kisI eka vyakti ko dhana-dhAnyAdi se paripUrNa yaha sampUrNa vizva de diyA jAe, to bhI vaha usase saMtuSTa nahIM hotA, itanI duSpUra hai yaha lobhAtmA / "" 811 2. vastu ke kAraNa ghara, makAna, pharnIcara Adi bhautika vastuoM ke prati rAgabhAva rakhane se lobha kI pravRtti utpanna hotI hai aura isa lobha-pravRtti ke kAraNa saMgrahavRtti bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| vastu to jar3a padArtha hai, vaha kucha bhI nahIM karatI, paraMtu bAjAra se nikalate samaya vastu ko dekhakara jIva kI lobha-saMjJA jAgrata ho jAtI hai, jo parigraha kA kAraNa banatI hai| 3. zarIra ke kAraNa zarIra ko svastha rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isake lie zuddha aura sAttvika AhAra atiAvazyaka hai| lobhI vyakti zarIra kA khyAla nahIM rakhakara AhAra Adi meM kaMjUsI karatA hai aura svAsthya ko kharAba karatA hai| eka AdamI bImAra par3A, usane vaidya se pUchA - "mere ilAja meM kitanA kharca hogA ?" vaidya ne kahA- "eka hajAra / " - "agara maiM mara jAUMgA, to jalAne (agnisaMskAra) meM kitanA kharca hogA ?", 811 "tIsa rupe|" taba seTha bole - "isase to maranA hI acchA hai, lekina itanI mahaMgI davAI kabhI nahIM luuNgaa|" rupae sahastra ilAja meM, dAha kriyA meM tIsa / 379 1) cauhiM ThANehi lobhuppattI sitA jahA khettaM paDuccA, vatyuM paDuccA, 2) sarIraM paDuccA, uvahiM paDuccA evaM NerayANaM jAva vemANiyANaM / - sthAnAMgasUtra- 4 / 83 kasiNaM pi jo imaM loyaM, paDipuNNaM dalejja ikkarasa / teNAvi se una sa turase, iha duSpUraNa ime AyA / / uttarAdhyayana- 9/16 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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380 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva maranA hI acchA rahA, taba to vIsavAsIsa / / 4. upadhi ke kAraNa - upadhi, arthAta sAmAnya saadhn-saamgrii| cetanA kA jaba bhautika-jagat se sambandha hotA hai, to use aneka vastueM apane prANamaya jIvana ke lie Avazyaka pratIta hotI haiN| yahI AvazyakatA jaba Asakti meM badala jAtI hai, to eka ora saMgraha hotA jAtA hai, dUsarI ora saMgraha kI lAlasA bar3hatI jAtI hai, isalie upadhi arthAt bhoga-upabhoga kI sAdhana-sAmagrI bhI lobha ko ukasAne meM nimitta banatI hai| uparyukta kAraNoM ke atirikta nimna kAraNoM se bhI lobha utpanna hotA hai - pUrvakRta lobha-mohanIya nAmaka karma-prakRti ke udaya se lobha utpanna hotA hai| * jIvana kI asthiratA, dhana kI caMcalatA, karmaphala Adi AdhyAtmika vicAroM ke nitya cintana-manana ke abhAva se lobha-pravRtti bar3hatI hai| apane se nIce vAloM kI tarapha kabhI daSTi nahIM DAlane aura apane se Upara ke stara ke logoM kI dhana-sampadA dekhakara bhI lobha utpanna hotA hai| saMtoSa ke sahI svarUpa va usake lAbha ko nahIM samajhane se lobha bar3hatA hai| * samAja meM ijjata yA pratiSThA prApta karane ke lie lobhI vyakti niraMtara sAdhana-sAmagrI ke saMgraha ke cintana meM DUbA rahatA hai| apane se jyAdA dhana yA bhautika-padArtha vAle ko sukhI samajhane se lobha bar3hatA hai| * dhana yA bhautika-padArthoM ko hI sukha kA kAraNa samajhane-rUpa ajJAna se lobha utpanna hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 381 lobha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai - sthAnAMgasUtra012 tathA prajJApanAsUtra913 meM lobha ke cAra prakAra nimna haiM- 1. Abhoganivartita, 2. anAbhoganivartita, 3. upazAnta aura 4. anupshaant| 1. Abhoganivartita-lobha vRttikAra zrI abhayadevasUri ne 'Abhoga' kA artha jJAna kiyA hai|814 lobha ke duSpariNAmoM ko jAnate hue bhI lobha karanA Abhoganivartita lobha kahalAtA hai| vyakti jAnatA hai ki lobha karane se saMgrahavRtti aura karmabaMdha hotA hai, para phira bhI dhana kamAne ke lie vaha dina-rAta mehanata karatA rahatA hai| 2. anAbhoganivartita-lobha - . lobha ke duSpariNAma se anajAna hokara lobha karanA anAbhoganivartita-lobha hai| Adata se majabUra hokara lAbha-hAni kA vicAra kie binA akAraNa yA niSprayojana lobha karanA anAbhoganivartita hai, jaisemasmaNa seTha ke pAsa dhana kI koI kamI nahIM thI, phira bhI Adata ke kAraNa vaha dhana kA lobhI thaa| 3. upazAnta-lobha - supta lobha-saMskAra upazAnta-lobha haiN| 4. anupazAnta-lobha - udaya ko prApta lobha anupazAnta-lobha hai| pUrvakRta lobha-mohanIyakarma kA jaba udaya hotA hai, vastu Adi padArtha ko prApta karane kI icchA jAgrata hotI hai, yaha anupazAnta-lobha hai| 812 caunvihe lobhe paNNate, taM jahA- 1. AbhogaNivvattite, 2. aNAbhogavivattite, 3. uvasaMte, 4. aNavasaMte evaM -NeraiyANaM jAva vemaanniyaannN|- sthAnAMgasUtra-4/91 813 prajJApanAsUtra 814 Abhogo-jJAnaM tena nirvartito ......... - sthAnAMgavRtti, patra 182 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #388
382 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva lobha ke prakAra kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha lobha ke cAra pratiSThAna bhI sthAnAMgasUtra meM batAe gae haiM - 1. Atma-pratiSThita, 2. para-pratiSThita, 3. tadubhaya-pratiSThita, 4. apratiSThita / yaha cAroM prakAra kA lobha nArakoM se lekara vaimAnika-devoM taka ke sabhI jIvoM meM hotA hai| 1. Atma-pratiSThita sva-nimitta} - jisa lobhotpatti meM kAraNa svayaM hI hoM, jaise- lATarI kA TikaTa svayaM ne kharIdA aura lATarI khulI hI nahIM, isa kAraNa dUsarI bAra saphalatA pAne ke lAlaca meM aura TikaTa kharIdanA aura lobha kI bhAvanAoM kA bar3hanA AtmapratiSThita-lobha hai| 2. para-pratiSThita {para-nimitta} - dUsaroM ke nimitta hone para apane dhana kA vyaya nahIM krnaa| svayaM ke lie kharca karanA, para dUsaroM para eka TakA bhI kharca nahIM karanA para-pratiSThita lobha hai, jaise -mitroM ke sAtha hoTala meM gae, bhojana kiyA, para paisoM kA bhugatAna svayaM nahIM kiyA, bila kA bhugatAna anya se karavAnA para-pratiSThita lobha ke antargata AtA hai| 3. tadubhaya-pratiSThita - jisa lobha ke kAraNa sva tathA para -donoM hoM, jaise -yAtrA kA Ananda lene ke lie mitroM sahita progrAma banAnA aura use tIrthayAtrA kA nAma dekara usakA bhugatAna anya vyaktiyoM yA saMsthAoM se krvaanaa| 4. apratiSThita - bAhya-nimitta nahIM hone para antaraMga meM lobha-mohanIyakarma ke udaya se iSTa vastu ko prApta karane ke lie jo udvignatA-caMcalatA banI rahatI hai, 815 caupattiTThite lobhe paNNate, taM jahA- ApapatiTTite, parapattiTThite, tadubhayapatihite, apatihite evaM NeraiyANaM jAva vemaanniyaannN| -sthAnAMgasUtra- 4/79 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 383 vaha apratiSThita- lobha hai| apratiSThita-lobha meM vyakti kA ekamAtra uddezya dhana kA saMcaya hotA hai, jaise- svAsthya-lAbha ke lie mahaMgI auSadhi nahIM kharIdanA, bhale hI mRtyu ho jAe, para dhana kharca nahIM karanA, isIlie yaha kahAvata prasiddha hai- 'camar3I jAe para damar3I na jaae'| Age hama lobha ke duSpariNAmoM kI aura lobha-vijaya ke upAyoM kI carcA kreNge| lobha ke duSpariNAma - dazavaikAlikasUtra ke AThaveM adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai -"krodha prIti kA nAza karatA hai, mAna (ahaMkAra) vinaya kA nAza karatA hai, mAyA mitratA kA nAza karatI hai aura lobha sabhI sadguNoM kA nAza kara detA hai| 816 yahA~ lobha ko sarva sadguNa- vinAzaka kahA gayA hai| lobha-pravRtti se vartamAna aura AgAmI- donoM jIvana naSTa hote haiM, kyoMki lobha ke kAraNa hI tRSNA. utpanna hotI hai| tRSNA meM aMdhA banA vyakti kyA ucita hai, kyA anucita hai- isakA viveka khokara duSkarmoM meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai| lobha ke kAraNa Akula-vyAkula banA mana kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie saba kucha kara gujarane kA mAnasa banA letA hai, bhale hI ve sattA, sampatti, sundarI Adi kisI se bhI sambandhita hoN| lobha kI pUrti na hone para vaha hatyA aura AtmahatyA ke stara taka pahuMca jAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA hai -"nirbhaya akelA vicarane vAlA siMha bhI mAMsa ke lobha se jAla meM phaMsa jAtA hai, usI prakAra Asaktivaza manuSya bhI lobha meM phaMsakara apanA vinAza kara letA hai| 817 lobha ke duSpariNAma nimnalikhita haiM - 1. saMgrahavRtti - lobha saMgrahavRtti kA prathama sopAna hai| lobha ke kAraNa hI vyakti meM lAlasA utpanna hotI hai| AvazyakatA na hone para bhI lobha-pravRtti ke kAraNa vaha dhana kA saMcaya karatA hai| dhanasaMcaya deza, samAja aura vyaktiyoM meM vargabheda, saMgharSa, hiMsA, tanAva Adi sAmAjika-viSamatAoM kA kAraNa banatA hai| cetanA kA jaba bhautika-jagat se saMbaMdha hotA hai, to use aneka 816 koho pIiM paNAsei mANo viNaya nnaasnno| ____mAyA mittANi NAsei, lobho svvaavinnaasnno|| - dazavaikAlikasUtra- 8/38 87 sIhaM jahA va kuNimeNaM, nibbhayamegaM caraMti paasennN| - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra- 1/4/1/8 For Personal & Private Use Only

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384 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vastue~ apane prANamaya jIvana ke lie Avazyaka pratIta hotI haiN| yahI AvazyakatA jaba Asakti meM badala jAtI hai, to eka ora saMgraha bar3hatA hai, to dUsarI aura saMgraha kI lAlasA bar3hatI jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa, sAmAjika-jIvana meM Arthika-viSamatA bar3hatI jAtI hai| Rgveda meM kahA hai - "jisake pAsa saMpatti kA eka bhAga hai, vaha do bhAga vAle patha para calatA hai, do bhAga vAlA tIna bhAga vAle kA anukaraNa karatA hai, ataH kAmanAoM kA daNDa nirantara bar3hatA rahatA hai aura ye kAmanAeM saMgrahavRtti ko prerita karatI haiN| deg uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM prabhu mahAvIra ne yahI kahA hai -"jahA lAho, tahA loho, lAhA lAho pavaDaDhai',819 arthAt lAbha ke sAtha-sAtha lobha bar3hatA rahatA hai| zabda badalakara yahI bAta saMta tulasIdAsa ne yo kahI hai - "jimi pratilAma loma adhikaaii| pAzcAtya-vicAraka ne bhI inhIM zabdoM ko isa prakAra kahA hai - 'The more they get, the more they want' ve jitanA adhika prApta karate haiM, utanA hI adhika cAhate haiN| vastuoM ke saMgraha kI icchA hI lobha hai, jo sukha kI nAzaka hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM batAyA hai - "jo sadA saMgraha karane kI icchA mana meM rakhatA hai, vaha gRhastha hI hai, pravrajita (sAdhu) nhiiN| jitanI lobhavRtti yA tRSNA bar3hatI hai, utanI hI saMgrahavRtti bar3hatI jAtI hai aura jitanI saMgrahavRtti meM vRddhi hotI hai, utanA hI duHkha meM vRddhi hotI hai|820 2. lobha eka sAmAjika-hiMsA - lobhavRtti eka sAmAjika-hiMsA hai| lobhavRtti ke kAraNa hI saMgraha kI bhAvanA prabala hotI hai| vastutaH, yaha spaSTa hai ki 'saMgraha' hiMsA se hI pratyutpanna hotA hai, kyoMki binA zoSaNa ke saMgraha asambhava hai| vyakti saMgraha 818 Rgveda - 10/117/8 819 1) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 9/17 2) je sayA sanmihI kAme, gihI pavvaie Na se| - dazavaikAlika sUtra-6/19 820 ye taNhaM baDaDhenti te upadhiM vddddhenti| ye upadhiM var3aDhenti te dukkha vddddhenti|| - saMyuttanikAya- 2/12/66 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 385 ke dvArA dUsaroM ke hitoM kA hanana karatA hai| samAja meM utpanna dahejaprathA lobha kA hI eka rUpa hai| lobha se grasta vara-pakSa vadhU-pakSa se dhana (daheja) kI yAcanA karatA hai, yadi dhanapUrti nahIM huI, to vadhu ko zabda-bANoM se pratAr3ita kiyA jAtA hai, usase mArapITa kI jAtI hai aura kaI bAra to kerosIna DAlakara jiMdA jalA diyA bhI jAtA hai| samAja meM utpanna isa kuprathA kA mUla yadi dekheM, to vaha lobha hI hai| lobha jaba taka samAja meM vyApta rahegA, taba taka hiMsA kA sAmrAjya samAja meM sadA bddh'egaa| lobhAndha vyakti svArtha kI siddhi ke lie, dhana kI prApti ke lie krUra banakara kisI kI bhI hatyA kara DAlatA hai, cAhe vaha mAtA ho, pitA ho, putra ho, bahina ho, mitra ho, mAlika ho, yA sagA bhAI821 | dhana ke lie Atura rahane vAle to apane gurudeva taka kI paravAha nahIM karate haiN| 82 yathAvasara saMcita dhana ko to dUsare ur3A lete haiM aura saMgrahI ko apane pApakarmoM kA duSkara phala bhoganA par3atA hai|823 3. tRSNA kA mUla lobha hai - icchA, spRhA, vAsanA aura tRSNA yadyapi paryAyavAcI zabda pratIta hote haiM, parantu inameM sUkSma aMtara bhI hai| vastu kA cAhanA- icchA hai| atyAvazyaka vastu kI icchA- spRhA hai| prApta vastu ko TikAe rakhane kI spRhA - vAsanA hai aura TikI vastu ko bar3hAne kI vAsanA- tRSNA hai| jo tRSNA kA gulAma ho jAtA hai, vaha jIvanabhara daur3a-dhUpa karatA rahatA hai| kabhI zAMti yA sukha kA anubhava use nahIM ho paataa| dhana hI usake jIvana kA lakSya bana jAtA hai, paraMtu jIvanabhara parizrama karake ikaTThe kie gae samasta dhana ko vaha yahIM chor3a jAtA hai| aMtima sAMsa chUTate hI dhana bhI chUTa jAtA hai, paraMtu tRSNA taruNI banI rahatI hai / 81 AgAha apanI mauta se, koI bazara nhiiN| sAmAna sau barasoM kA hai, pala kI khabara nhiiN|| 821 mAtaraM pitaraM bhrAtaraM, svasAraM vA suhara / lobhAviSTho naro hanti, svAminaM vA shodrm|| - bhojaprabandhaH arthAturANAM na gurUrna bandhuH / anne haraMti taM vittaM, kammI kammehi kicctii|- sUtrakRtAMga- 1/9/4 824 tRSNAM na jIrNA vayameva jIrNAH / 823 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 825 yaha tRSNA vyakti ko karttavya se vimukha kara detI hai, dharma ke mArga se dUra le jAtI hai, asaMtoSa ke samundara meM Dubo detI hai aura azAMti ke jaMgala meM bhaTakA detI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM 'kapila brAhmaNa' kA udAharaNa prasiddha hai - usane do mAzA svarNa kI prApti kI icchA rAjA ke samakSa prakaTa kI / rAjA ne prasanna hokara kahA "he vipra ! do mAzA hI nahIM, tumhArI icchAnusAra dhana (svarNa) tumheM prApta hogaa| kaho! kitanA cAhie ?" 386 - kapila kSaNabhara stabdha raha gyaa| usake mana meM tRSNA kI taraMgeM tIvra vega se uThane lgiiN| kitanA mAMganA ? do mAzA, nahIM / sau svarNamudrA ? nahIM / eka hajAra svarNamudrA ? nhiiN| eka lAkha svarNa mudrA ? nahIM, nahIM / AdhA rAjya ? nhiiN| kyA sampUrNa rAjya ? hA~-hA~, yahI ThIka hai| turanta viveka ne lobha ko thappar3a lgaayaa| o ho ! kaisA merA lobha ? kaisI merI tRSNA ? mana tattva - cintana kI zreNI para ArUr3ha ho gayA / yaha tRSNA to eka viSa - latA ke samAna hai, jo bhayaMkara hai aura bhayaMkara phala paidA karane vAlI hai826 aura aisA cintana karate hue usane samasta karmoM kA kSaya kara liyA, kaivalya ko prApta kara binA kucha mAMgre cala diyA / isI prakAra, mammaNa seTha 8 27 kA udAharaNa bhI prApta hotA hai - "lobha aura tRSNA ke kAraNa arddharAtri meM uphanatI nadI se lakar3iyA~ bAhara lAte dekhakara zreNika mahArAjA dayArdra ho uThe aura kahA - " jo cAhie mAMga lo| " "rAjan ! kevala eka baila cAhie / " nRpati ne Adeza diyA - "inheM gozAlA meM le jAo aura jo baila ye lenA cAhe, inheM de diyA jAe, para mammaNa seTha ko koI baila pasanda nahIM AyA / "rAjan! mere baila jaisA Apake pAsa eka baila bhI nahIM", mammaNa ke ye zabda sunakara rAjA cauMka ge| "aisA baila hamArI gauzAlA meM nahIM hai, to hama tumhArA baila dekhane jarUra AeMge" - mahArAjA zreNika ne kahA / mahArAnI celanA evaM maMtrI - parivAra ke sAtha samrATa mammaNa seTha ke yahAM phuNce| samrATa ne gRhAMgaNa meM praveza kiyA, lekina baila dikhA nahIM / 825 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 8 826 bhavatahA layA vRttA, bhImA bhImaphalodayA / - uttarAdhyayana-32/48 827 kathA saMgraha For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 387 mammaNa abhyAgatoM ko tala-kakSa meM le gae aura vahAM paradA httaayaa| bhItara kA dRzya dekhate hI sabakI A~kheM visphArita ho giiN| ratnajaTita svarNa nirmita balada jor3I thii| eka baila kA eka sIMga abhI ratnajar3ita honA zeSa thaa| rAjA ne dA~toM tale aMgulI dabA lI aura socane lagA - itanA dhana aura phira bhI itanA parizrama? itanI tRSNA ? dhanyavAda hai -tere isa lobha ko| 4. asaMtoSa - lobha kA janma asaMtoSa se hotA hai aura Asakti ke kAraNa manuSya kI asaMtoSa-vRtti prabala hotI jAtI hai| manohara, AkarSaka padArthoM ko dekhakara manuSya kI bhogopabhoga kI bhAvanA balavAn hotI hai| subhUma cakravartI2 SaTkhaNDAdhipati the| cakravartI padabhoktA, caudaha ratnoM ke svAmI subhUma ko atula sampadA prApta hone para bhI saMtoSa nahIM thaa| saptama khaNDa vijaya kI bhAvanA balavatI banane lgii| devavANI se inkAra hone para bhI vijayonmAda meM kadama bar3ha cle| athAha jalarAzi para tairatA devAdhiSThita jalayAna - acAnaka eka deva ke mana meM vicAra AyA -yadi maiM kucha kSaNoM ke lie apanA sthAna chor3a dUM, to kyA hAni hai ? yahI vicAra una samasta devoM ke mana meM usI samaya AyA, jinhoMne jahAja saMbhAlA huA thaa| devoM ke jahAja se haTate hI vaha jalayAna sAgara kI atala gaharAI meM jA pahuMcA aura sAtaveM khaNDa kI vijaya kA svapna lie subhUma cakravartI agalI jIvana-yAtrA para cala pdd'aa| 5. lobha pApa kA bApa - lobha duHkha evaM pApoM kA mUla hai| lobhI vyakti ko sampUrNa saMsAra kI sampatti bhI kyoM na mila jAe, phira bhI usakI tRpti nahIM hotii| lobha ke kAraNa vyakti kitanA gira sakatA hai| eka rAjasthAnI kahAvata hai'mIThA rai lAlaca meM aiMTho khAve, arthAt, mIThI cIja ke lobha meM par3akara kisI kA jUThA taka khAne ko vyakti taiyAra ho jAtA hai| rAjya ke lobha meM duryodhana ne pANDavoM aura kuntI ko jalAne ke lie lAkSAgRha bnvaayaa| 829 rAjya ke lobha meM vibhISaNa ne rAma ko laMkA ke sAre bheda batA die, jisase 828 829 kathA saMgraha mahAbhArata kathA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 830 rAvaNa ko apanI suvizAla senA ke bAvajUda bhI hAranA pdd'aa| rAjya ke lobha se hI auraMgajeba ne apane pitA zAhajahA~ ko kaida kiyA aura apane bhAiyoM ko maravA diyA / nandarAjA ke pAsa svarNa ke Dhera the, phira bhI unheM zAnti nahIM thI / lobha para pApa pratiSThita hai| lobha hI pApa kI mAtA hai aura rAga-dveSa ko utpanna karane vAlA lobha hI pApa kA mUla kAraNa hai| 831 lobhI manuSya dhana ko dekhatA hai, kintu usase utpanna hone vAle duHkha ko nahIM dekhatA hai| billI dUdha ko dekhatI hai, kintu lAThI ke prahAra ko nahIM dekhtii| laukika-kathA meM pApa kA bApa lobha ko hI batAyA hai / 388 6. lobha mukti - mArga kA bAdhaka hai sAdhanA - mArga meM sthira honA ho, to lobha - kaSAya kA zamana kara hI mukti-mArga meM agrasara ho sakate haiM, paraMtu lobha kI pravRtti ke kAraNa vyakti sampatti-arjana meM hI lagA rahatA hai aura usakA upabhoga bhI nahIM kara paataa| sthAnAMgasUtra 2 meM kahA hai "icchA lobhi te muttimaggassa palimaMtha arthAt, lobha mukti-mArga kA bAdhaka hai| lobhI vyakti mukti-mArga kI ora agrasara nahIM ho sktaa| mammaNa seTha ne ati lobha ke phalasvarUpa naraka - Ayu kA bandha kiyA / 7. lobha IrSyA ko bar3hAtA hai lobha - pravRtti ke kAraNa IrSyA utpanna hotI hai / vyakti kI yaha mAnasika pravRtti hotI hai ki vaha dUsaroM ko bar3hatA dekhatA hai, to usake mana meM IrSyA utpanna ho jAtI hai aura usase Age bar3hane ke lie vaha pratispardhA prAraMbha kara detA hai| vaha IrSyArUpa pratispardhA, cAhe dhanasaMcaya, vidyAdhyayana, kalAtmaka vyavasAya ke kSetra meM ho, yadi unake mUla meM dekheM, to lobha hI ina sabakA saMpAdaka hai / 830 831 - 1 rAmAyaNa kathA lobha pratiSThA pApasya, prasUtirlobha eva ca / dveSa-krodhAdijanako lobhaH pApasya kAraNam / / 832 sthAnAMgasUtra 1 bhojaprabandha For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 389 8. samAja meM juA aura bhraSTAcAra kA kAraNa lobha - binA parizrama ke virAT sampatti prApta karane kI tIvra icchA, lAlasA juA hai| yaha lAlasA bhUta kI taraha mAnava ke sattva ko cUsa letI hai| jisako yaha lata laga jAtI hai, vaha mRga-marIcikA kI taraha dhana-prApti kI abhilASA se adhika-se- adhika dhana bAjI para lagAtA calA jAtA hai aura sArA dhana naSTa ho jAtA hai| Rgveda meM dyUta-krIr3A ko tyAjya mAnA hai|833 sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI caupar3a yA zataraMja ke rUpa meM juA khelane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki hArA juArI lobha ke kAraNa dogunA khelatA hai| 834 eka pAzcAtya-cintaka ne bhI likhA hai - juA lobha kA baccA hai aura phijUlakharcI kA pitA hai|935 jue meM Asakta vyakti dhana kA nAza karatA hai|996 eca.DablyU.vIcara kA abhimata hai -"juA, cAhe vaha tAza ke pattoM ke rUpa meM khelA jAtA ho, yA ghur3adaur3a athavA dvandva-yuddha yA saTTe ke rUpa meM, sabhI meM binA parizrama kie dhana prApta karane kI icchA nihita hai| A~khoM se aMdhA manuSya A~kha ke sivAya bAkI saba iMdriyoM se jAnatA hai, kintu jue meM aMdhA huA manuSya saba iMdriyAM hone para bhI kucha nahIM jAna paataa|938 samAja meM bhraSTAcAra, kAlAbAjArI, rizvatakhorI, milAvaTa, anyAya, anIti, zoSaNa, maica-phiksiMga -ye sabhI aparAdha lobha ke kAraNa hI hote corI kA kendra : lobha - corI kA vAstavika artha hai- jisa vastu para apanA adhikAra na ho, usake mAlika kI binA anujJA yA anumati ke usa para adhikAra kara lenaa| corI kA mUla kendra lobha hai| lobha ke kAraNa manuSya dUsaroM kI vastu ko hathiyAne, yA use apane adhikAra meM karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| 833 akSarmA divyaH / -Rgveda-10/34/13 834 aTThAe na sikkhejjA -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-9/10 835 Gambling is the child of avarice, but the father of prodigality. 836 jueM pasattassa dhaNassa naaso| - gautama kulaka 837 Gambling with cards or dice or strokes in all is one thing, it is getting money without giving an equivalent for it. 838 akkhehi Naro rahiyo, Na muNai sesiMdaehi veei| jUyaMdho Na ya keNa vi, jANai saMpuNNkaraNo vi||- vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, 66 For Personal & Private Use Only

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390 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai- "binA dI huI kisI bhI vastu ko grahaNa na kro|839 yahA~ taka ki dA~ta kuredane ke lie eka tinakA bhI na lo|940" koI bhI cIja AjJA lekara grahaNa karanA cAhie 841 vaidika-dharma meM bhI corI kA spaSTa niSedha hai| 42 kisI kI bhI koI cIja grahaNa na kreN| mahAtmA IsA ne bhI kahA- tumheM corI nahIM karanA cAhie / 943 corI eka lobhajanya vAsanA hai, jo eka bAra laga jAne para chUTatI nahIM hai, jisase mAnava ke dayA, ahiMsA, kSamA, sattva Adi sadguNa naSTa ho jAte haiN| corI se prApta dhana, jIvana meM zAnti nahIM detaa| vastutaH, lobhasaMjJA ke duSpariNAma aura prabhAva se saMsAra kA koI prANI aparicita athavA aprabhAvita nahIM hai; kintu use duHkha aura anIti kA kAraNa mAnane vAle loga virala haiN| isa lobhavRtti ko samajhakara isakA zamana kreN| lobha para vijaya kaise? uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM pUchA gayA hai -"lobha ke vijaya se jIva ko kauna-sA lAbha hotA hai ?" prabhu ne uttara diyA -"lobha vijaya se saMtoSa utpanna hotA hai| lobha- vedanIyakarma kA baMdhana nahIM hotA tathA pUrvabaddha karma kI nirjarA hotI hai| yogazAstra meM kahA hai -"lobharUpI samudra ko pAra karanA atyanta kaThina hai| usake bar3hate hue jvAra ko rokanA duSkara hai, ataH mahAbuddhimAn puruSa ko cAhie ki saMtoSarUpI bA~dha bAMdhakara use Age bar3hane se roka le|845 839 adinnamannesu ya No gahejjA- sUtrakRtAMgasUtra- 10/2 840 dantasohaNamAissa adattassa vivajjaNaM- uttarAdhyayanasUtra 19/28 841 aNunnaviya gennhiyvv| - praznavyAkaraNasUtra- 2/3 842 kasyacit kiMmapi no hrnniiym| - yajurveda- 36/22 843 Thous shall not steal - Bible lobhavijayeNaM bhaMte! jIve kiM jaNayai ? lobhavijaeNaM saMtosibhAvaM jaNayai, lobhaveyaNijja kammaM ne bandhai, pavvabaddhaM ca kammaM nijjare i.... / - uttarAdhyayana - 29/70 845 lobha sAgara muvelamativelaM mahAmatiH / 844 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 391 __ 1. jaise jala ko rokane ke lie bA~dha bAMdhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra lobha para vijaya pAne ke lie saMtoSarUpI bA~dha bAMdhA jAnA caahie| dhana burA nahIM hai, kintu dhana kA lobha burA hai| jo apanI AvazyakatAoM para aMkuza rakhatA hai aura ImAnadArI se kamAe hue dhana se apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA hai, vahI saMtuSTa rahatA hai, sukhI rahatA hai| 2. sAMsArika bhogoM meM sukhAbhAsa hotA hai, sukha nhiiN| para-padArthoM se yA para-dravyoM se kabhI zAzvata sukha nahIM mila sakatA hai| maMthana kare dina rAta jaba, ghRta hAtha meM Ave nahIM, raja reta pile rAta dina, para tela jo pAve nahIM, sadbhAgya bina jo saMpadA, milatI nahIM vyApAra meM, nija AtmA ke bhAva bina, tyoM sukha nahIM saMsAra meM / / 846 3. samAja meM ijjata yA nAma bhI lobha se ikaTThe kie gae dhana se prApta nahIM hotii| saccI ijjata to kSamA, paropakAra, saralatA Adi sadguNoM se hI milatI hai| 4. icchA mAtra karma-bandha aura lobha kA kAraNa hai| janma-maraNa ke cakra meM nimitta icchA hai| lobha se hI icchA utpanna hotI hai, ataH sammAna kI abhilASA, pada kI kAmanA, indriya-viSayoM kI abhIpsA, jIvana-surakSA kI cAhanA, svasthatA kI AkAMkSA ko kama karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| 5. bhautika suvidhA-sAdhana bhI lobha se nahIM, puNya se prApta hote haiN| jahAM lobha hai, vahAM vyAkulatA hai, prApta padArthoM ke saMrakSaNa kI cintA, viyoga kA bhaya banA rahatA hai| 6. lobhajaya ke lie icchAoM ko alpa karanA, sva-strI, sva-dhana meM saMtoSa dhAraNa karanA tathA bAhya-parigraha tyAgakara Abhyantara parigraha-granthiyoM ko tor3ane kA puruSArtha karanA cAhie / saMtoSasetubandhena, prasarantaM nivArayet / / - yogazAstra- 4/22 846 paM. hukumacaMda bhaarill| - bAraha bhAvanA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #398
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 7. lobha - vijaya ke lie sAdhaka ko vicAraNA-stara para bAraha - bhAvanA kA cintana evaM AcaraNa - stara para bAraha tapa kA avalambana grahaNa karanA cAhie / 392 lobhI vyakti marate dama taka bhI saMtapta rahatA hai, jabaki saMtoSI mRtyu ke samaya bhI haMsatA rahatA hai| bAdazAha sikandara jaba apanI aMtima sAMseM le rahA thA, to usakI A~khoM se AMsU baha nikle| logoM ko bar3A Azcarya huA ki sikandara mahAn hokara bhI kyoM ro rahA hai ? sikandara ne kahA - "jisa daulata ke lie mere hAtha AjIvana yuddha karate rahe haiM, ve hIM hAtha Aja khAlI ho gae haiM / " AyA thA jo sikandara, duniyA se le gayA kyA ? the donoM hAtha khAlI, bAhara kaphana se nikale / lobhI lobha meM hI mara jAtA hai, parantu santoSI marakara bhI amara ho jAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM bhagavAn ne kahA hai - "saMtosiNo no pakareMti pAvaM", arthAt saMtoSI kabhI pApa nahIM karatA / suprasiddha vicAraka sukarAta kA kathana hai "saMtoSa prAkRtika dhanADhyatA hai aura aizvarya kRtrima nirdhanatA hai / " - jisake pAsa saMtoSa hai, vaha to svabhAva se hI dhanavAn hai aura jisake pAsa kevala dhana hai, dhana kA lobha hai, vaha banAvaTI garIba hai| garIba na hote hue bhI usane apane Upara garIbI or3ha rakhI hai| aisA vyakti kabhI sukhI ho hI nahIM sakatA / santa tukArAma kA kahanA hai isalie sadA saMtuSTa rho| yaha saMtoSa "saMtoSa hI sukha hai, zeSa saba duHkha, terA uddhAra kara degA / " -- vaha saMtoSa hI hai, jo vyakti ko zaktizAlI banAtA hai, kSamAzIla banAtA hai, sahiSNu banAtA hai aura sabase bar3hakara use sukhI banAtA hai, isIlie use sarvazreSTha dhana mAnA jAtA hai - 'saMtoSaH paramaM dhanam / ' For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #399
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva nIMva ke binA imArata nahIM, bIja ke binA vRkSa nahIM, tantu ke binA vastra nahIM, usI prakAra krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - ina kaSAya-saMjJAoM ke binA saMsAra - paribhramaNa saMbhava nahIM hai / saMsAra kA AdhArastambha ye cAra kaSAyarUpI saMjJAeM haiM / dazavaikAlikasUtra847 meM cAroM kASAyika pravRttiyoM ke jaya ke upAya batalAe gae haiM * krodha ko kSamA se, mAna ko mRdutA (vinayabhAva) se, ko saralatA se jIteM aura lobha ko saMtoSa se jIteM / - mAyA niyamasAra Rs 848 aura yogazAstra 849 meM bhI isI prakAra kahA gayA hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne isI Azaya se kahA hai ki jaba taka ina kASayika - pravRttiyoM kA kSaya nahIM hogA, una para jaya prApta nahIM hogI, taba taka mukti saMbhava nahIM / 847 "na digambara hone se, na zvetAmbara hone se, na tarkavAda se, na tattva - carcA se, na pakSa kI sevA se mukti hai, vastutaH kaSAyamukti hI mukti hai / " lobha sabhI kaSAyoM kA rAjA hai, usa para vijaya prApta kara lene para sabhI kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta ho jAtI hai, ataH saMtoSa se lobha para vijaya prApta karanA cAhie / 848 849 nAsAmbaratve, na sitAmbaratve, na tarkavAde na ca tattvavAde, na pakSasevAzraeNa mukti, kaSAyamukti kila muktireva / ,850 850 393 -000- uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM maddavayA jiNe / mAyaM cajjavabhAveNa lobhaM saMtosao jiNe / / - dazavaikAlikasUtra - 8/39 kohaM khamayA mANaM samaddaveNajjaveNa mAyaM ca / saMtoseNa ya lohaM jayadi khu e cahuvihakasAe / / - niyamasAra, gAthA 115 kSAntyA krodho, mRdutvena mAno, mAyA''rjavena ca / lobhazcAnIhayA, jeyAH kaSAyAH iti saMgrahaH / / - yogazAstra - 4/23 sambodha saptavartikA, gAthA 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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394 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adhyAya-10 lokasaMjJA aura oghasaMjJA ke vibhinna artha (Worldly injoyment and common sense) saMjJA jaina-manovijJAna kA eka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa zabda hai| jainadarzana meM saMjJI aura saMjJA -ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| saMjJI zabda vivekazIlatA kA bhI vAcaka hai| anya dRSTi se vaha vyavahAra kA preraka bhI mAnA jAtA hai| nandIsUtra meM tIna prakAra ke saMjJI batAe gae haiM1. kAlikopadeza, 2. hetUpadeza, 3. dRSTivAdopadeza | ina saMjJI ke AdhAra para hama saMjJAoM ke bhI tIna bheda kara sakate haiM- 1.kAlikopadezikI, 2. hetupadezikI, 3. dRssttivaadopdeshikii| isakA artha isa prakAra se hai ki kAlika-sUtroM ke adhyayana se, hetu ke upadeza se aura dRSTivAda ke adhyayana se vyavahAra se jo preraNA milatI hai, vahI ina saMjJAoM kA artha hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM ke do pakSa haiM - eka, jJAnAtmaka aura dUsarA- sNvegaatmk| saMvegAtmaka-saMjJAoM ko hama vAsanAtmaka bhI kaha sakate haiN| yahA~ vAsanAtmaka artha vyApaka artha meM gRhIta hai| saiddhAntika-dRSTi se jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se jo caitasika-sthiti banatI hai, vaha jJAnAtmaka-saMjJA hai tathA vedanIya aura mohanIya-karma ke udaya se jo saMjJAeM utpanna hotI haiM, ve saMvegAtmaka aura vAsanAtmaka-saMjJA haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke bhASyakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ne ogha-saMjJA kA artha darzanopayoga aura loka-saMjJA kA artha jJAnopayoga kiyA hai|852 ___ saMjJAoM kA jo dazavidha vargIkaraNa853 kiyA jAtA hai, usameM nauveM aura dasaveM krama para lokasaMjJA aura oghasaMjJA ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| yadyapi saMjJAoM ke vargIkaraNa meM donoM ko alaga-alaga sthAna diyA gayA 851 naMdIsUtra - 61 852 bhagavaI, AcArya mahAprajJa, jainavizvabhAratI, lADanUM, za.7. u. 8, sUtra 161, pR. 382 1) sthAnAMgasUtra - 10/105, 2) prajJApanAsUtra, pada-8, 3) pravacanasAroddhAra, sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI, dvAra 146, gAthA 924, pR. 80 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #401
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 395 hai, kintu yadi hama gaharAI se vicAra kareM, to lokasaMjJA aura oghasaMjJA kA saMbaMdha sAmAnya {Generality} se hai| isa dRSTi se sAmAnya dharma kI bAta karate haiN| kisI vyakti vizeSa ke lie jo niyama aura sAdhanA hotI hai, vaha vizeSa kahI jAtI hai, jabaki sabhI ke lie jo niyama aura sAdhanAeM batAI jAtI haiM, ve sAmAnya hotI haiN| abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa854 meM ogha zabda kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA hai - ogha zabda sAmAnya kA sUcaka hai| nizIthacUrNi ke AdhAra para bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki zAstra kA jo sAmAnya abhidhAna hotA hai, vaha ogha kahA jAtA hai| usI meM ogha ko do prakAra se vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - dravya-ogha aura bhaav-ogh| AdhyAtmika ko bhAva-ogha aura paraMparAgata upadezoM ko dravya-ogha kahA gayA hai| jo zabda saMkSepa meM bhI vyApaka artha kA bodhaka hotA hai, use bhI ogha kahate haiN| isa prakAra, ogha zabda sAmAnya siddhAMtoM ke saMkSepa meM kie gae vivecana ogha-saMjJA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| "prANImAtra meM rahane vAlI sAmAnya anukaraNa kI vRtti yA sAmudAyikatA kI bhAvanA ogha-saMjJA hai, arthAt apanI jAti, varga Adi ke anukaraNa kI vRtti oghasaMjJA hai| 855 prajJApanAsUtra meM -"matijJAnAvaraNIya-karma ke kSayopazama se saMsAra ke sundara rucikara padArthoM yA lokapracalita zabdoM ke anurUpa padArthoM (arthoM) ko sAmAnya rUpa se jAnane kI abhilASA oghasaMjJA hai|"856 pravacanasAroddhAra ke anusAra -matijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se zabdAdi kA sAmAnya jJAna honA, oghasaMjJA hai|857 sthAnAMgavRtti meM bhI ogha-saMjJA kA artha sAmAnya avabodha-kriyA, darzanopayoga yA sAmAnya pravRtti-kriyA hai / 858 vastutaH, ogha-saMjJA indriya aura mana se pRthaka, cetanA kI eka svataMtra kriyA hai| per3a para latAoM kA car3hanA, baiThe-baiThe paira hilAnA, tinake tor3anA, binA soce-vicAre kisI kArya ko karane kI dhuna yA sanaka ko ogha-saMjJA kahate haiN| sparza-rasAdi ke vibhAga ke binA jo sAdhAraNa jJAna hotA hai, vaha ogha-saMjJA hai| bhUkaMpa yA tUphAna Ane se pahale pazu-pakSI 854 abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, bhAga-3, pR. 86 155 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna pariprekSya meM usakA mahattva - sAdhvI DaoN. vinItaprajJA, pR. 491 856 "matijJAnAvaraNakarmakSayopazamat zabdAdyarthagocara sAmAnyavaSodhakriyAyAm"- prajJApanAsUtra, pada-8 857 pravacanasAroddhAra, sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI, dvAra--146, gAthA 924, pR. 80 858 matijJAnAdyAvaraNakSayopazamAcchabdAdha gocara sAmAnyAvabodhakriyaiva sNjnyaayte'nyetyoghsNjnyaa| -sthAnAMgavRtti, patra 479 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva usakA AbhAsa pAkara apane biloM, ghoMsaloM yA anya surakSita sthAnoM meM pahuMca jAte haiN| kaI machaliyA~ dekha nahIM sakatI, parantu sUkSma vidyuta dhArAoM ke jarie pAnI meM upasthita rukAvaToM kA jJAna kara saMcAra karatI haiN| yaha saba ogha -saMjJA hI hai / varttamAna ke vaijJAnika Ajakala chaThavIM indrI kI kalpanA kara rahe haiM, usakI tulanA oghasaMjJA se kI jA sakatI hai| 859 396 860 jaina - paramparA meM jo niyuktiyAM upalabdha haiM,, unameM dazavaikAlikasUtra para ogha - niryukti kA ullekha milatA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki dazavaikAlikasUtra para jo niyukti likhI gaI hai, usameM piMDaniryukti aura oghaniyukti pramukha haiN| unameM piMDa - niyukti kA saMbaMdha sAdhu kI bhikSAcaryA se hai aura oghaniryukti kA saMbaMdha sAdhu ke anya AcAra-niyamoM se hai| yadyapi niryukti kA karttA bhadrabAhusvAmI ko mAnA jAtA hai, kintu aisA lagatA hai ki oghaniryukti paravartIkAlIna jaina-AcAryoM ne likhI hai, kyoMki AcArya bhadrabAhukRta jina niyuktiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, unameM oghaniyukti aura piMDaniryukti kA kahIM nAma-ullekha nahIM hai| sAmAnyataH, oghaniyukti meM sAdhu ke sAmAnyAcAra kA hI varNana hai| isa sAmAnya vivecana meM piMDaniryukti ke aneka viSayoM ko bhI sammilita kiyA gayA hai| oghaniyukti ko Avazyakaniryukti kA hI pUraka graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| pUrNavijayajI ke saMgraha meM oghaniyukti ke vRhadbhASya kI eka hastalikhita prati kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / isameM sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra ke saMdarbha meM SaDAvazyaka, dazavidhasAmAcArI Adi kA bhI ullekha huA hai| sAmAnyataH, yaha niryukti sAdhu - AcAra se sambandhita hai, isalie niyuktikAra ne yaha spaSTa rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai ki isameM caraNakaraNAnuyoga kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, ataH yaha graMtha mUlataH sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra se saMbaMdhita hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM ullekha kiyA hai ki SaDAvazyaka, dazavidha - sAmAcArI, dasa zramaNadharma, paMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, tIna gupti Adi sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAroM kA AdhAra lekara yaha niyukti likhI gaI hai / isake viSayavastu kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pratilekhana, piMDa, upadhi, parimANa, anAyatana, pratisevana, Alocana, vizuddhi, AbhogamArgaNA, gaveSaNA Adi kA vivecana hI isa niyukti meM huA hai / 859 navabhArata TAimsa (mumbaI) 24 maI 1970 uddhat - ThANaMsUtra muninathamala jainavizvabhAratI, lADanUM, pR.999 oghaniryukti - 2 860 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isase hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki oghasaMjJA kA mUlataH saMbaMdha AcAra ke sAmAnya niyamoM se hI hai / yadyapi oghaniyukti kI viSayavastu kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to hameM kahanA hogA ki sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra-niyamoM kA saMbaMdha hI ogha - saMjJA hai / jahAM taka loka-saMjJA kA prazna hai, vaha oghasaMjJA kI apekSA adhika vyApaka artha kI sUcaka hai| jahAM ogha - saMjJA sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra kI bAta karatI hai, vahAM loka-saMjJA janasAmAnya kI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM kI carcA karatI hai| isa prakAra, jahAM oghasaMjJA sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAroM kI carcA karatI hai, vahIM loka-saMjJA janasAmAnya ke sAmAnya avabodha aura sAmAnya pravRttiyoM kI carcA karatI hai| vaha laukika - AcaraNa se saMbaMdhita hai, jaise- zvAna yakSarUpa hai, vipra ko deva mAnanA, kaue ko pitAmaha mAnanA - aisI jo loka-pravRttiyA~ hai, unakI carcA loka-saMjJA kA viSaya hai| 'matijJAnAvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se saMsAra ke sundara, rucikara padArthoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane kI tIvra abhilASA loka-saMjJA hai / 861 yahI bAta sthAnAMgavRtti meM bhI kahI gaI hai| sAmAnyataH, jaina - paramparA meM unhIM ke AcAroM ko lokottara AcAra kahA jAtA hai, para jana-sAmAnya ke AcAroM ko lokAcAra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| gatAnugatika yA kAlakrama se calI AI pravRttiyoM kA anusaraNa karanA lokasaMjJA hai| 862 sAmAnyataH, jaina - paramparA meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki munijanoM ko lokasaMjJA kA anusaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie, kintu jahA~ taka gRhasthoM kA prazna hai, unake lie yaha mAnA gayA hai ki unheM loka-paramparA kA nirvAha karanA caahie| digambara - paramparA ke somacandradeva kA kathana hai - " jisase samyaktva kI hAni na ho, AcAra kA virodha na ho, vaha lokAcAra bhI gRhastha ke dvArA mAnya hotA hai|"863 lokasaMjJA ko loka-rIti kahA gayA hai| 861 862 863 397 baMjA kahe. Alama use bajahA samajho, AvAja khalka kareM, nakkArae khudA samajho / prajJApanAsUtra, pada 8 matijJAnAdyAvaraNakSayopazamAcchandAdyagocara tadvizeSAvaSodhakriyaiva saMjJAyate'nayeti lokasaMjJA / - sthAnAMgavRtti, patra 479 yaMtra samyaktvarnahAni na vratadUSaNaM .. laukikovidhi / - somadeva For Personal & Private Use Only

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398 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jisako duniyA ucita samajhatI hai, use ucita mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki janasAmAnya kI AvAja Izvara kI AvAja hai, kintu jaina-paramparA ise mAnya nahIM krtii| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatI hai ki lokasaMjJA anuzrota hai, jo saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hai| sAdhaka ko pratizrota kA AcaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| isa prakAra, jaina-paramparA meM lokasaMjJA ko upekSA kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha84 meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai -"muni ko lokasaMjJA kA tyAga karanA cAhie, kyoMki yaha janasAdhAraNa kI bhoga-pravRtti ko sUcita karatI hai|" loka aura oghasaMjJA meM samAnatA aura bheda - ogha-saMjJA aura loka-saMjJA -donoM hI sAmAnya AcAra aura vyavahAra kI vAcaka haiN| isa dRSTi se donoM meM samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai, kintu jaina-paraMparA meM ogha-saMjJA ko sAmAnya muni-AcAra mAnA gayA hai, jabaki loka-saMjJA ko sAmAnya prANI-vyavahAra kA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para vicAra kareM, to ogha-saMjJA kA saMbaMdha AcAra ke sAmAnya siddhAMta se hai, jabaki loka-saMjJA kA saMbaMdha prANI-vyavahAra kI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM se hai| ogha-saMjJA nivRttiparaka sAmAnya AcAra kI bAta karatI hai, vahIM loka-saMjJA pravRttiparaka AcAra kI bAta karatI hai| jaina-paramparA meM saMjJAoM ke caturvidha vargIkaraNa meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha -ina cAra saMjJAoM ko prANI-vyavahAra kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| sAmAnya dRSTi se yaha cAroM saMjJAeM loka-saMjJA meM samAhita ho jAtI haiN| isI prakAra, saMjJAoM ke dazavidha vargIkaraNa meM jo cAra kaSAya-rUpI saMjJA arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI carcA kI gaI hai, vaha bhI sAmAnya dRSTi se prANIya-vyavahAra kI preraka hone se loka-saMjJA meM samAhita ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra, lokasaMjJA ke antargata sAmAnya prANI-vyavahAra ke mUla preraka tattva samAhita hote haiM, kintu yaha loka-saMjJA sAMsArika-pravRtti kI vAcaka hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - "AhAra nidrA bhaya maithunaM, sAmAnyametad pazubhiH narANAm / jJAno hi teSAmadhiko vizeSo, jJAnenahInA nara pazubhiH smaanaa|| 865 864 taM pariNAya mehAvI viittA logaM, vaMtA logassaNaM se maimaM parakkamijjAsittibemi- AcArAMgasUtra-3/1/178 805 jaina dharma-darzana evaM saMskRti, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 163 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 399 ukta zloka ke prAraMbhika cAra tattva AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna kA saMbaMdha lokasaMjJA se hai, jabaki ogha-saMjJA kA saMbaMdha jaina-AcAryoM ne dharma ke sAmAnya niyamoM se mAnA hai| isa prakAra, loka-saMjJA aura ogha-saMjJA meM antara hai| jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM ogha-saMjJA nivRttiparaka munijIvana ke sAmAnya niyamoM kI carcA karatI hai, isa dRSTi se vaha upAdeya mAnI gaI hai, jabaki loka-saMjJA jaina-AcAra meM sadaiva upekSaNIya aura tyAjya hai| isa prakAra, jaina dharmadarzana ke kSetra meM loka-saMjJA heya hai aura ogha-saMjJA upAdeya hai| ogha-saMjJA kI upAdeyatA aura loka-saMjJA kI heyatA kA prazna - yahAM sAmAnya rUpa se yaha prazna khar3A hotA hai ki yadi ogha-saMjJA aura loka-saMjJA sAmAnya AcAra kI vAcaka haiM, to eka ko upAdeya aura dUsarI ko heya kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? yaha satya hai ki prANI-jIvana pravRtti aura nivRtti -donoM ke AdhAra para khar3A huA hai, phira bhI dArzanika-dRSTi se yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai ki Akhira ina donoM saMjJAoM meM ogha-saMjJA ko upAdeya aura heya kyoM mAnA gayA hai, jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM saMketa kiyA hai ki ogha-saMjJA nivRttiparaka hai aura loka saMjJA pravRttiparaka hai| ___ jainadharma mUlataH nivRttiparaka dharma hai, kyoMki vaha zramaNa-paramparA kA anusaraNa karatA hai| zramaNa-paramparA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sahAyaka tattvoM ko upAdeya aura bAdhaka tattvoM ko heya mAnA gayA hai| ogha-saMjJA sAmAnya muni-AcAra kI bAta karatI hai| adhika vyApaka rUpa se kaheM, to yaha sAmAnya vivekayukta mAnavIya mUlyoM kI bAta karatI hai, jabaki lokasaMjJA sAmAnya prANI-vyavahAra kI bAta karatI hai| jaina dharmadarzana kA kahanA hai ki manuSya aura sAmAnya prANiyoM meM jo pAzavika- pravRttiyA~ haiM, ve to samAna hI haiM, manuSya kI vizeSatA ina pAzavika-pravRttiyoM se Upara uThakara mAnavIya mUlyoM ke vikAsa meM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-darzana meM ogha-saMjJA ko upAdeya aura loka-saMjJA ko heya mAnA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki manuSya aura pazujIvana meM kucha bAteM samAna haiM, lekina manuSya kI vizeSatA una sAmAnya vAsanAtmaka-tattvoM ke AdhAra para na hokara viveka aura dharma ko pradhAnatA dete hue pAzavika-jIvana meM Upara uThane meM hI hai, ataH jainadharma-darzana kI dRSTi meM loka-saMjJA heya aura ogha-saMjJA upAdeya For Personal & Private Use Only

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400 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ogha-saMjJA aura loka-saMjJA meM bheda - ogha-saMjJA aura loka-saMjJA ke bheda ko spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra ke bhASya 866 meM AcArya mahAprajJajI ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki ogha-saMjJA kA artha darzanopayoga aura loka-saMjJA kA artha jJAnopayoga kiyA gayA hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki AcArya mahAprajJajI ne bhI ise vimarzanIya mAnA hai| siddhasena gaNI ne 'ogha-saMjJA' kA artha anindriya-jJAna kiyA hai| unake anusAra, jo jJAna indriya aura mana ke binA sAmAnya cetanA se hotA hai, vaha ogha-saMjJA hai| 867 aisA jJAna per3a-paudhoM aura choTe jIva-jantuoM meM bhI hotA hai| ve prakampanoM aura saMvedanoM ke AdhAra para bhAvI ghaTanAoM ko bhI jAna lete haiM, jabaki loka-saMjJA vaMza-paramparA se honevAlA jJAna hai| vRttikAra ne likhA hai ki ye saMjJAeM spaSTa rUpa meM paMcendriya jIvoM meM hotI haiM, ekendriya Adi jIvoM meM kevala karmodayarUpa hotI haiN|88 varttamAna vaijJAnikoM ne yantroM ke mAdhyama se per3a-paudhoM meM ina saMjJAoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai, isalie ekendriya Adi jIvoM meM yaha spaSTa vijJAta hotI haiN| vastutaH,,sthAnAMga-TIkA869 meM oghasaMjJA darzanopayogarUpa hai tathA lokasaMjJA jJAnopayogarUpa hai| AcArAMga kI TIkA 870 , pravacanasAroddhAra 871 , prazamarati 872 , prajJApanAsUtra 873 meM bhI matijJAnAvaraNa-karma ke kSayopazama se zabdArthaviSayaka sAmAnya bodha hotA hai, usakA nAma hai - oghasaMjJA aura vizeSa bodha-prApti ko loka-saMjJA kahate haiN| AcArAMgasUtra TIkA meM kahA gayA hai - per3a para latA kA car3hanA, per3a se lipaTanA ogha-saMjJA kA sUcaka hai| ise avyakta saMjJA bhI kahate haiN| rAta par3ane para kamala-puSpa saMkucita hotA hai, niHsaMtAna kI gati nahIM hotI, mayUrapaMkha kI havA se garbhadhAraNa hotA hai, kutte yakSarUpa haiM, kaue pitAmaha haiM, brAhmaNa deva haiM, ityAdi saba loka-saMjJA kahI jAtI haiN|| 866 bhagavatIsUtra (bhagavaI) bhAga-2, AcArya mahAprajJa, jainavizvabhAratI lADanUM za. 7, u. 8, sU. 161 pR. 382 867 ogha :-sAmAnya apravibhaktarUpaM yatra na sparzanAdInIndriyANi tAni manonimittimAzrIyante, kevalaM matyAvaraNIyakSayopazama eva tasya jJAnAsyotpattau nimittam, yathA vallyAdInAM nIvrAghabhisarpaNajJAnaM na sparzana nimittaM na manonimittamiti, tasmAt tatra matyajJAnAvaraNa-kSayopazama eva kevalo nimittIkriyate oghjnyaansy| - tattvArthasUtrAdhigama bhASyavRtti- 1/14, pR. 78 868 bhagavatIvRtti - 7/161 869 sthAnAMga TIkA AcArAMga kI TIkA pravacanasAroddhAra, 146 dvAra, sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI, pR. 80-81 prazamarati, bhAga-2, bhadraguptavijayajI, pR. 285 prajJApanAsUtra, saMjJApada, 8/625 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 401 jaina-paramparA meM ogha-saMjJA aura loka-saMjJA ko jisa prakAra se bhinna rUpa meM dekhA gayA hai, usa prakAra se hama yaha mAna sakate haiM ki ogha-saMjJA jJAnarUpa hai aura loka-saMjJA vAsanArUpa hai| darzanopayoga aura jJAnopayoga ogha-saMjJA kA pariNAma hai, jabaki vAsanAtmaka, anubhUtyAtmaka saMvedanAeM, loka-saMjJA kA pariNAma hai, kyoMki ye saMjJAeM matijJAnAvaraNa aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se hotI haiM, kyoMki AgamoM ke anusAra loka-saMjJA sabhI jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai| sArarUpa meM kaheM, to ogha-saMjJA jJAnarUpa hai aura loka-saMjJA vAsanArUpa hai| eka anya apekSA se aisA bhI mAnA gayA hai ki sAmAnya pravRtti ogha-saMjJA hai aura vizeSa pravRtti loka-saMjJA hai, ataH yaha nirNaya hI samucita pratIta hotA hai ki ogha-saMjJA vivekajanya hai aura loka-saMjJA vAsanAjanya hai, isalie jaina AcAryoM ne ogha-saMjJA ko grAhya aura loka-saMjJA ko tyAjya mAnA hai| AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ne saMjJAoM kA jo dazavidha vivecana kiyA hai, usameM saMjJAoM ko jJAnAtmaka aura * saMvegAtmaka -donoM mAnA hai, kintu kauna-sI saMjJA kisa karma ke udaya se hotI hai, ise nimna rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai 874 saMjJA karma zArIrika-mAnasika kriyA aura parivartana 1. AhAra kSudhAvedanIya kA udaya hAtha se kaura lenA, mukha kA saMcalana, AhAra kI khoja Adi 2. bhaya bhayamohanIya kA udaya udbhrAnta dRSTi, vacanavikAra, romAMca | Adi 3. maithuna | vedamohanIya kA udaya | aMgoM kA avalokana, sparza, kaMpana Adi 874 bhagavaI, A.mahAprajJa, jainavizvabhAratI, lADanUM, za.7,u.8.sU.161, pR. 382 For Personal & Private Use Only

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402 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 4. parigraha 5. krodha 6. mAna 7. mAyA | lobhamohanIya kA udaya AsaktipUrvaka dravyoM kA grahaNa aura | | saMgraha naitroM kI rukSatA, dAMta aura hoThoM krodhavedanIya kA udaya kI phar3akana Adi | mAnavedanIya kA udaya | ahaMkArapUrvaka zarIra kI akar3ana | mAyAvedanIya kA udaya saMklezapUrvaka mithyA bhASaNa, chipAne | Adi kI kriyaa| lobhapUrvaka dravya ke grahaNa aura lobhavedanIya kA udaya saMgraha kI abhilaassaa| matijJAnAvaraNa aura | zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA | vizeSa avabodha kI kriyA kSayopazama matijJAnAvaraNa aura varaNa kA | sAmAnya avabodha kI kriyA kSayopazama 8. lobha 9. loka 10. ogha isa AdhAra para hama spaSTa rUpa se dekhate haiM ki prathama cAra saMjJAeMAhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha tathA cAra kaSAya- krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye saba mohanIya-karma ke udaya se mAne gaye haiN| isameM bhI mAtra AhAra-saMjJA kSudhAvedanIya kA udaya mAnA hai, zeSa ko mohanIyakarma ke vibhinna rUpoM kA hI udaya mAnA hai, ataH hamArA yaha nirNaya adhika yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai ki loka-saMjJA vAsanAtmaka hai aura ogha-saMjJA jJAnAtmaka hai| jaisA ki bhASya meM mAnA gayA hai ki hama vizeSa avabodha nahIM kara sakate, para usameM vizeSa aura sAmAnya- donoM kaha sakate haiN| loka-saMjJA para vijaya kaise ? yaha satya hai ki lokasaMjJA aura oghasaMjJA mAnavIya-jIvana meM vyavahAra ke preraka tattva ke rUpa meM kArya karatI haiM, lekina jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM kahA hai ki AhAra, nidrA, bhaya, maithuna kI jo sAmAnya pravRttiyAM pazujagat evaM manuSyajagat meM pAyI jAtI haiM, unameM manuSya kI upAdeyatA yahI hai ki vaha ina pAzavika-pravRttiyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhate hue viveka ke mAdhyama se inheM parizodhita kareM, kyoMki mAnavatAvAdI- darzana meM manuSya evaM pazu- donoM meM nimna tIna bAtoM meM aMtara mAnA gayA hai - For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1. manuSya kA vyavahAra vivekazIlatA ke AdhAra para hotA hai, jabaki pazu kA vyavahAra usakI mUla pravRttiyoM ke AdhAra para hotA hai| yaha satya hai ki pazu aura manuSya - donoM ko AhAra cAhie, kintu pazu apanI svAbhAvika pravRttiyoM ke AdhAra para apane AhAra kA cayana karatA hai, jabaki manuSya meM vivekazIlatA kA guNa hone se vaha apane AhAra ke cayana meM svatantra hotA hai / manuSya yaha vicAra kara sakatA hai ki use kaba, kitanA aura kyA khAnA hai aura kyA nahIM khAnA hai ? jabaki pazu prakRti se nirdhArita hai| vaha apanI prakRti ke AdhAra para hI AhAra kA cayana karatA hai / pazu meM AkAra ke cayana kI yaha svataMtratA nahIM hotI, jo manuSya meM hai / vaha apanI prakRti ke AdhAra para hI apane AhAra ko grahaNa karatA hai / isa prakAra, AhAra kA preraka - tattva samAna hone para bhI AhAra ke prati sAmAnya prANI - vyavahAra aura mAnavIya vyavahAra meM aMtara hotA hai| 403 2. manuSya kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM AtmasajagatA hotI hai| vaha kyA kara rahA hai? vaha yaha jAna sakatA hai, vicAra kara sakatA hai, jabaki pazu meM AtmacetanA na hokara bhI vaha apanI prANIya - prakRti ke AdhAra para vyavahAra karatA hai| usakA vyavahAra aMdhapravRtti hai, jabaki manuSya kI pravRtti meM AtmasajagatA hotI hai| isa prakAra, prANIya - vyavahAra aMdhapravRtti hai, jabaki mAnavIya - vyavahAra Atma- sajagatA para AdhArita hotA hai| yadi manuSya apanI Atma- sajagatA aura vivekazIlatA kA AdhAra nahIM letA hai, to usakA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra bhI heya kI koTi meM calA jAtA hai| 3. manuSya aura pazu - jIvana ke aMtara kA tIsarA AdhAra saMyama kI zakti hai| manuSya dvArA AtmaniyaMtraNa saMbhava hai, parantu pazu meM AtmaniyaMtraNa kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| manuSya jIvana-mUlyoM meM heya kA tyAga aura upAdeya ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai| vaha viveka aura zAMti ke AdhAra para unake lie kyA zreyaH hai aura kyA zreyaH nahIM hai - yaha nirNaya lene meM samartha hotA hai, jabaki pazu meM aise saMyama ke sAmarthya kA abhAva hotA hai| isa prakAra, uparyukta tInoM guNoM ke AdhAra para manuSya loka - saMjJA para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai aura apane AcAra evaM vyavahAra ko, upAdeya ko prAsaMgika banA sakatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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404 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AcArAMgasUtra875 meM kahA gayA hai ki muni ko loka-saMjJA kA sarvadA tyAga karanA caahie| usI bAta kA samarthana karate hue upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI dvArA viracita jJAnasAra 876 meM aSTaka ke mAdhyama se loka-saMjJA ko tyAjya batAyA hai| loka-saMjJA para vijaya prApta karane ke lie nimna saMketa die haiN| prAptaH SaSThaM guNasthAnaM bhavadurgAdrila, ghanam / loka - saMjJArato na syAnmunirlokottarasthitiH ||1|| saMsAra kI viSama parvatamAlAoM ko lAMghane jaisA chaThavAM guNasthAna prApta lokottara sthita muni lokasaMjJA meM rata nahIM hotaa| uparyukta zloka meM kahA gayA hai ki muni kA mArga loka-mArga nahIM hai, lokottara-mArga hai| lokamArga aura lokottara mArga meM jamIna-AsamAna kA aMtara hai| lokamArga mithyA dhAraNAoM para calatA hai, jabaki lokottara-mArga kevalajJAnI vItarAga bhagavaMta dvArA nirdezita nirbhaya mArga hai, ataH muni ko lokottara-mArga kA parityAga kara laukika-mArga ko kadApi nahIM apanAnA cAhie, kyoMki loka-saMjJA dobArA saMsAra ke viSama pahAr3oM para car3hAI karAne vAlI hai| muni yaha saMkalpa kare -maiM to apanA chaThavAM guNasthAna hI kAyama rakhUgA aura sAtaveM-AThaveM guNasthAna para pahuMcane ke lie prayatna karatA rhuuNgaa| isa prakAra, muni lokasaMjJA se apane patana ko bacA sakatA hai| yathA ciMtAmaNiM datte baDharo bdriiklaiH| hahA jahAti saddharma tathaiva janaraMjanaiH / / 2|| jisa taraha koI mUrkha bera ke badale meM cintAmaNi ratna detA hai, ThIka usI taraha koI mUr3ha loka-raMjanArtha apane saddharma ko taja detA hai| arthAt, yadi tuma saddharma ke mAdhyama se loka-prazaMsA pAnA cAhate ho, to vaha kRtya ciMtAmaNi-ratna ke badale bera kharIdane jaisA hai, kyoMki 875 AcArAMgasUtra- 3/1/178 876 jJAnasAra, vivecanakAra zrI bhadraguptavijayajI gaNIvara, gAthA, 177-184, pR. 330 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva saddharma kA phala loka - prazaMsA nahIM hai, balki AtmA ko paramAtmA banAnA hai| loka-saMjJAmahAnadyAmanustroto'nugA na ke / pratistroto'nugastveko rAjahaMso mahAmuniH ||3|| 405 loka-saMjJArUpI mahAnadI ke pravAha ke anuyAyI ( pravAha kI dizA meM bahane vAle) kauna nahIM hote ? arthAt aneka hote haiM, kintu viparIta pravAha ke anuyAyI ( pravAha ke viparIta tairane vAle ) rAjahaMsa jaise mAtra munizvara hI hote haiN| loka-saMjJA rUpI nadI ke pravAha meM bahanA, pravAsa karanA koI bar3I bAta nahIM hai / khAnA, pInA, or3hanA, pahananA, vikathAeM karanA, parigraha ikaTThA karanA, bhogopabhoga kA Ananda lUTanA, gaganacumbI bhavana-nirmANa karanA, tana ko sApha - sutharA rakhanA, sajAnA-saMvAranA, vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa karanA Adi samasta kriyAeM sahaja svAbhAvika haiN| inameM koI vizeSatA nahIM aura na hI Azcarya karane jaisI bAta hai| muni ko cAhie ki vaha ina Adarza - paddhati, paramparA aura lokasaMjJA ke rIti-rivAja se dUra rahe / lokamAlambya karttavyaM kRtaM bahubhireva cet / tathA mithyAdazAM dharmo, na tyAjyaH syAt kadAcana / / 4 / / yadi lokAvalambana ke AdhAra se bahusaMkhya manuSyoM dvArA kI jAne vAlI kriyA karane yogya ho, to phira mithyAdRSTiyoM kA dharma kadApi tyAga karane yogya nahIM hogA / (kyoMki saMsAra meM mithyAdRSTi hI adhika haiM, samyakadRSTi atyalpa haiM / ) vastutaH, jo durgati meM jAte jIvoM kA bacA na sake, vaha dharma kaisA? AtmA para rahe karmoM ke baMdhanoM ko chinna-bhinna na kara sake, use dharma kaise kahA jAe ? bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya bhI gozAlaka kA apanA anuyAyI - varga bahuta bar3A thaa| usase kyA gozAlaka kA mata svIkArya ho sakatA hai ? vAstava meM, 'bahumata se jo AcaraNa kiyA jAe, usakA hI AcaraNa karanA cAhie - yaha mAnyatA ajJAnamUlaka hai, isalie lokasaMjJA ke anusaraNa kA bhagavAn ne niSedha kiyA hai| sirpha usI bAta kA anusaraNa karanA zreyaskara hai, jisase Atmahita aura lokahita - donoM saMbhava hoM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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406 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zreyo'rthino hi bhUyAMso loke lokottare na ca / stokA hi ratnavaNijaH stokAzca svAtmasAdhakA ||5|| vAstava meM dekhA jAe, to lokamArga aura lokottaramArga meM mokSArthiyoM kI saMkhyA nagaNya hI hai, kyoMki jaise ratna kI parakha karane vAle jauharI bahuta kama hote haiM, vaise hI, Atmonnati hetu prayatna karane vAloM kI saMkhyA bhI nyUna hI hotI hai| mokSa ke 'arthI, arthAt sarva karmakSaya ke icchuka / AtmA kI parama vizuddha avasthA kI prApti ke abhilASI isa saMsAra meM nyUna hI hote haiM, -nahIMvat, jinakI gaNanA aMgulI para kI jA sakatI hai, usI prakAra ratna kI parakha karane vAle jauharI aura Atmasiddhi ke sAdhaka bhI duniyA meM alpa haiM / nIcairgamanadarzanaiH / loka-saMjJAhatA hanta zaMsayati svasatyAMgamarmaghAtamahAvyathAm / / 6 / / kheda kA viSaya hai ki lokasaMjJA se vyAkula natamastaka hokara dhImI (manthara) gati se calate hue apane satya - vratarUpa aMga meM hue marma prahAra kI mahAvedanA ko prakaTa karate haiM / uparyukta zloka kA tAtparya, muni lokasaMjJA ke vazIbhUta hokara apane lakSya se na bhaTake, dikhAve aura pradarzanarUpI dharma kA tyAga kare, satyadharma aura samyakdharma kA anusaraNa jaba karegA, to sAdhaka kA mastaka sadA U~cA aura gati sadA tIvra rahegI / AtmasAkSikasaddharmasiddhau kiM lokayAtrayA / tatra prasannacandrazca bharatazca nidarzane / / 7 / / arthAt, AtmA ke sAkSIbhAvarUpa dharma hI satdharma hai, isalie isakI siddhi meM logoM ke sAmane dikhAvA karane kA kyA prayojana hai, arthAt aisA karane se koI lAbha nahIM hai| isa prasaMga meM prasannacaMdra rAjarSi aura samrATa bharata ke udAharaNa yathocita haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 407 cakravartI bharata bAhya-dRSTi se Arambha-samArambha se yukta saMsAra-rasika dRSTigocara hote the, lekina Atma-sAkSI se nirlipta pUrNa yogIzvara the| kisI ne ThIka hI kahA hai -"bharatajI mana meM hI vairAgI, jabaki prasannacaMdra rAjarSi bAhyadRSTi se ghora tapasvI, Arambha-samArambharahita, mokSamArga ke pathika the, lekina Atma-sAkSI se yuddhapriya bAhya-bhAvoM meM lipta the| zrI 'mahAnizItha sUtra meM kahA gayA hai - dhammo appskkhio| dharma Atma-sAkSika hai| yadi hama AtmasAkSI se dhArmika-vRtti ke haiM, to phira loka-vyavahAra se kyA matalaba ? lokasaMjJojhivaH saadhuH,prbrhmsmaadhimaan| sukhamAste gatadrohamamatAmatsarajvaraH / / 8 / / lokasaMjJA se rahita, zuddhAtma-svarUpa meM lIna tathA jisakA droha, mamatA aura guNadoSarUpI jvara utara gayA hai, naSTa ho gayA hai - aisA sAdhu sukha meM (Ananda meM) rahatA hai| . uparyukta aSTaka kI vivecanA kA uddezya yaha hai ki lokasaMjJA para sAdhaka vijaya kisa prakAra se kre| vastutaH, lokaraMjanArtha loka-prazaMsA prApta karane hetu lokaruci kA anusaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, jise lokasaMjJA kahate haiM, jo muni aura sAdhaka-jana ke lie niSiddha hai| sAdhaka ko sadA smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki droha, mamatA aura matsara - ye patana meM girAne vAlI gaharI khAIyAM haiM, loga bhale hI unameM masta baneM, para sAdhaka kA unakA zikAra nahIM bananA hai| kIcar3a meM, gaMde pAnI ke pravAha meM sUara loTatA hai, haMsa nhiiN| muni rAjahaMsa ke samAna hai, ataH muni ko loka-saMjJA kA parityAga zreyaskara batAyA hai| ogha-saMjJA para vijaya - ogha-saMjJA vastutaH AcAra aura vyavahAra ke sAmAnya nirdeza se saMbaMdhita haiN| una nirdezoM kA pAlana karanA hI ogha-saMjJA para vijaya prApta karanA hai| ogha-saMjJA para vijaya prApta karane ke upAyoM kI carcA karate hue For Personal & Private Use Only

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408 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zvetAMbara-paramparA meM oghaniyukti nAmaka graMtha likhA gayA hai| isameM mukhya rUpa se sAdhu-jIvana ke AcAroM kA pratipAdana hai| isameM varNita viSaya isa prakAra haiM -1. pratilekhana, 2. piMDagrahaNa, 3. upadhi- parimANa, 4. anAyatana-varjana, 5. pratisevana, 6. Alocana, 7. vishuddhi| oghaniyukti ina sAta viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki muni-jIvana ke kyA karaNIya haiM aura kyA akaraNIya haiM aura isake sAtha-sAtha vistAra se carcA karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pratilekhana Adi kina-kina niyamoM ke anusAra karanA cAhie, sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI ko kauna-kaunasI sAmagrI rakhanA cAhie, yA vaha kitane parimANa meM honA caahie| anAyatana-varjana meM isa bAta kI carcA kI gaI hai ki kina-kina sthAnoM para ThaharanA caahie| isa prakAra, kina-kina niyamoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie aura kina-kina kI AlocanA karanA cAhie, isakI bhI vizeSa carcA hai| AbhogamArgaNA ke aMtargata yaha bhI carcA kI hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI ke lie kyA-kyA bAteM niSiddha haiN| isa prakAra, ogha-saMjJA meM saMjJA zabda vAsanA yA sAmAnya pravRtti kA vAcaka na hokara vizeSa pravRtti kA vAcaka hai, isalie oghaniyukti meM yahI batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI ko apanI sAmAnya pravRtti kisa prakAra karanA caahie| usake lie kyA niSiddha haiM -isakI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jo karaNIya hai, use kaise kiyA jAtA hai ? isa prakAra, ogha-saMjJA kA artha sAmAnya pravRtti na hokara vivekayukta pravRtti mAnA jAnA caahie| yazovijayajI ne 'adhyAtmasAra meM oghasaMjJA kA artha jJAna aura viveka kiyA hai| isa prakAra, ogha-saMjJA vastutaH vivekayukta AcaraNa kA hI pratipAdana karatI hai| -------000----- 877 878 1.paDilehaNaM, 2. ca piMDa, 3. uvahipamANaM, 4. aNAyayaNavajjaM, 5 paDisevaNa, 6. mAloaNa, 7. jaha ya visohI suvihaannN|| - oghaniyukti-2, gAthA-2 adhyAtmAbhyAsakAle'pi kriyA kApyevamasti hi, zubhaudhasaMjJAnugataM jJAnamapyasti kiNcn| - adhyAtmasAra, adhyAya 2, gAthA 28 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sukha-saMjJA aura duHkha - saMjJA (Instinct of Pleasure & Pain) saMjJA ke SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa meM sukha-saMjJA aura duHkha - saMjJA kA krama gyArahavAM aura bArahavA~ hai / sAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAlI sukhada anubhUti sukhasaMjJA hai aura asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAlI duHkhada anubhUti duHkhasaMjJA hai / 879 Adhunika manovijJAna meM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki sukha sadaiva anukUla isalie hotA hai ki usakA jIvanI-zakti ko banAe rakhane kI dRSTi se mUlya hai aura duHkha pratikUla hotA hai, kyoMki vaha jIvanI-zakti kA hrAsa karatA hai| yahI sukha - duHkha kA niyama samasta vyavahAra kA cAlaka hai| jaina - dArzanika bhI prANIya - vyavahAra ke cAlaka ke rUpa meM isI sukha - duHkha ke niyama ko svIkAra karate haiM / anukUla ke prati AkarSaNa aura pratikUla ke prati vikarSaNa -yaha prANIya-svabhAva hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha priya hai, anukUla hai aura duHkha apriya hai, pratikUla hai / " prANI sukha prApta karanA cAhate haiM aura duHkha se bacanA cAhate haiM / " uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai - "saMsAra meM janma kA duHkha hai, jarA, roga aura mRtyu kA duHkha hai, cAroM ora duHkha - hI - duHkha hai, ataeva vahA~ prANI niraMtara duHkha hI pAte rahate haiM / pravacanasAra meM AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai"jo sukha indriyoM se prApta hotA hai, vaha parAzrita, bAdhAsahita, vicchinna, baMdha kA kAraNa tathA viSama hone se vastutaH sukha nahIM, duHkha hI hai | 882 880 881 879 adhyAya - 11 isakA Azaya yaha hai ki jainadarzana bhautika evaM aindrika - sukhoM ko sukha - rUpa nahIM mAnatA hai, kyoMki ve kSaNik evaM viyoga - dharmA haiM / vastutaH, pravacana - sAroddhAra, dvAra 146, sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI, pR. 925 880 savve pANA piAuyA, suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA / AcArAMgasUtra - 1/2/3 881 jamma dukkhaM jarA dukkhaM, rogA ya maraNANi ya / uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 19/16 882 aho dukkho hu saMsAro, jattha kIsanti jaMtuNo / / - saparaM vAdhAsahiyaM, vivicchaNNaM baMdhakAraNaM visamaM / jaM indiyahi laddhaM taM sokkhaM dukkhameva tahA / / 409 pravacanasAra - 1/16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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410 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva saMsAra meM vItarAgatA hI sukha hai|983 jo parAdhIna hai, vaha saba duHkhada hai aura jo svAdhIna hai, vaha saba sukha hai|884 viSNupurANa meM kahA hai -sukha-duHkha vastutaH mana ke hI vikAra haiN|985 sukha ke bhItara duHkha aura duHkha ke bhItara sukha sarvadA vartamAna rahatA hai, ye donoM hI jala aura kIcar3a ke samAna paraspara mile hue rahate haiN| 000 dUsaroM ne jise sakha kahA hai, AryoM ne use duHkha kahA hai| AryoM ne jise duHkha kahA hai, dUsaroM ne use sukha kahA hai| duHkhI sukha kI icchA karatA hai, sukhI aura adhika sukha cAhatA hai, kintu sAMsArika-duHkha-sukha meM upekSAbhAva rakhanA hI vastutaH sukha hai|988 __ uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki sukha-duHkha saMjJA vyakti kI anubhUti- mAtra hai| jaba vyakti vikAroM aura vikRtiyoM se yukta hotA hai, to vaha duHkhI hotA hai, vyAkula hotA hai aura jaba ye vikRtiyA~ aura vikAra samApta ho jAte haiM, to sukha kA sAmrAjya sthApita ho jAtA hai| sukha saba cAhate haiM aura isakI talAza bhI saba karate haiM, parantu sukha kI talAza meM adhikatara milatA hai-duHkha, kyoMki talAza hI duHkha hai| jahA~ talAza hai, cAha hai, kAmanA hai, vahIM duHkha hai| jaba hamArI talAza, cAha, kAmanA, icchA, AkAMkSA, AzA kI pUrti hotI hai, to hama kucha dera ke lie 'sukhI' mahasUsa karate haiM, parantu tatkAla hI duHkhI bhI mahasUsa karate haiM, kyoMki eka icchA kI pUrti hote hI anaginata naI icchAoM kA janma ho jAtA hai| icchAoM ko AkAza ke samAna ananta kahA gayA hai| jitanI icchAoM kI pUrti hogI, naI icchAeM dviguNita evaM triguNita rUpa se bar3hatI jAeMgI aura vyakti adhika duHkhI hotA jaaegaa| 883 sukhA virAgatA loke - suttapiTaka, udAna- 2/1 savvaM paravasaM dukkhaM, savvaM issariyaM sukhaM / - vahI- 2/9 manasaH pariNAmo'yaM sukhaduHkhAdilakSaNAH / - viSNupurANa - 2/6/47 886 sukhamadhye sthitaM dukhaM duHkhamadhye sthitaM sukham / dvayamanyo'nyasaMyukta procyate jalapaMkavat / / - AdhyAtmarAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkANDa-1/23 887 appiyehi sampayogo dukkhaM, piyehi viyogo dkkh| - saMyattanikAya -54/2/1 888 dukkhI sukhaM patthayati, sukhI bhiyyopi icchti| upekkhA pana santattA, sukhamicceva bhaasitaa|| - visuddhimagga- 1/238 887 icchA hu AgAsasamA annNtiyaa| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 9/48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva prasaMgAnusAra, eka rAjA bahuta bImAra ho gyaa| kuzala vaidyoM ke ilAja se bhI ThIka nahIM huaa| anta meM, eka vaidya ne ilAja batAyA ki aise AdamI kI kamIja lAo, jo atyanta khuza ho, paraMtu dUra-dUra taka dUta va saMdezavAhaka bheje jAne para bhI saphalatA nahIM milii| eka dina eka vyakti haMsI se loTa-poTa hote milA, to rAjA ke sainika use pakar3akara rAjA ke pAsa le ge| rAjA ne jaba usakI kamIja mAMgI, to usane javAba diyA"yadi mere pAsa kamIja yA koI bhI vastu hotI, to kyA maiM kabhI sukhI ho sakatA thA ? rAjan! mere pAsa kucha nahIM hai aura na pAne kI icchA hai, isIlie maiM sukhI va prasanna huuN|" usakI khuzI kA rAja yahI thA ki usake pAsa koI vastu nahIM thI, arthAta vaha niSkAma aura aparigrahI thaa| vAstavika duHkha yA roga kAmanA aura vastuoM kI cAha kA hai| inase hI vyakti duHkhI hotA hai| vastu, vyakti aura kIrti kI kAmanA ke samApta hote hI AdamI sukhI ho jAtA hai| sukha aura duHkha kA artha tathA unakI sApekSatA - sukha zabda 'sukh+ac dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai, jisakA artha haiprasanna, Anandita, khuza Adi / 990 aMgrejI meM ise plez2ara Pleasure) kahate haiM, jisakA artha viSaya-sukha, Ananda, saMtoSa Adi hai|991 duHkha zabda mUlataH saMskRta bhASA kA 'duHkhaM' zabda hai| yaha zabda vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| 'duSTAni khAni yasmina yA duSTaM khanati yaH sa duHkhaM', jisakA artha hai -jo pIr3A detA hai, vaha duHkha hai, ataH jo pIDAkAraka yA arucikara hai, vaha duHkha hai| kaThinatA se prApta, baicenI, kheda, raMja, viSAda, vedanA aura kaSTa dene vAlA duHkha hai / 992 sukha-duHkha kA lakSaNa - 890 saMskRta-hindI koza, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI, pR. 1114 391 Bhargava's Standard Illustrated Dictionary of the English Language -P.N. 629 . 892 vAmanaM zivarAma ApTe, saMskRta-hindI koza, pR.-462 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #418
412 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva duHkha kA lakSaNa batAte hue AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM 'sadaseddhedyodaye'ntaraD.gahetau sati bAhyadravyAdiparipAkanimittavazAdutpadyamAnaH prItiparitAparUpaH pariNAmaH sukhaduHkhamityAkhyAyate / 893 arthAt, "sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya ke udayarUpa antaraMga hetu ke rahate hue bAhyadravyAdi ke paripAka ke nimitta se jo prIti aura paritAparUpa pariNAma utpanna hote haiM, ve kramazaH sukha aura duHkha kahe jAte haiN|' dUsare zabdoM meM, pIr3A-rUpa AtmA kA pariNAma duHkha hai aura isake viparIta sukha hai| . vIrasenAcArya likhate haiM -'aNitthasamAgamo igotthaviyo ca dukkhaM nAma / 894 arthAt, aniSTa artha ke samAgama aura iSTa artha ke viyoga kA nAma duHkha hai aura viSaya-sevana kI tRSNA (lAlasA) se indriyoM kA nivRtta ho jAnA hI vAstavika sukha hai|995 sukha-duHkha ke bheda - isa saMsAra meM sukha-duHkha ke AdhAra para pravRtti evaM nivRtti sarvatra dikhAI detI hai| vartamAna samaya meM sukha kI paribhASA ke rUpa meM sAmAnyataH vyakti bhautika-sAmagrI ke bhoga-upabhoga kI suvidhA ko sukha mAnatA hai tathA bhautika-sAmagrI ke abhAva yA anupalabdhi ko duHkha mAnatA hai| vAstava meM sukha kyA hai ? isa prazna kA sabase saMkSipta aura sarala uttara yahI hai ki vaha saba sukha hai, jisameM mana kI AkulatA, vyAkulatA, cAha-cintA, AzA-abhilASA va abhAva miTe tathA mana nirmalatA zAnti, samabhAva aura Ananda se bhara jaae| sukha kA upAya hai- sadbhAva kI jindagI jInA, jo hai, usakA AnaMda lenaa| jitanA prApta hai, utane meM saMtoSa rakhanA hI sukha hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai- kA araI ke ANaMde ?896 arthAt, "jJAnI ke lie kyA duHkha, kyA sukha? kucha bhI nahIM, arthAt jJAnI use hI kahA gayA hai, jo saMtoSI ho| jo saMtoSI hai, vahI sukhI hai|" 893 sarvAthasiddhi- 5/20 894 sarvAthasiddhi- 6/11 gItA, zaMkara bhASya - 2/66 kA araI ke ANaMde ? - AcArAMgasUtra- 1-3-3 895 896 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 413 sukha kA abhAva hI duHkha hai| antakaraNa yA mana meM udbhUta hone vAle vibhinna bhAvoM meM sukha aura duHkha ke bhAva hI pramukha haiN| sukha anukUla-vedanIya hotA hai, arthAt isakI anubhUti anukUla pratIta hotI hai| duHkha pratikUla-vedanIya hotA hai, arthAt isakI anubhUti pratikUla pratIta hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, sukha acchA lagatA hai aura duHkha burA lagatA hai| vAMchita yA priya ke prati kisI rUpa se sambaddhatA kA bhAva sukhAtmaka, sukharUpa yA sukhada hotA hai aura apriya ke prati sambaddhatA kA bhAva duHkhAtmaka, duHkharUpa yA duHkhada hotA hai| sAmAnya artha meM sukha-duHkha sApekSa zabda haiM, eka vikalpAtmaka-sthiti hai| duHkha ke viparIta jo hai, usakI anubhUti sukha hai, yA sukha duHkha kA abhAva hai| jainadarzana 'nirvANa' meM jisa ananta saukhya kI kalpanA karatA hai, vaha nirvikalpa sukha hai| sukha ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki jaina-vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM 'sukha' zabda kA kyA artha abhipreta hai| vastutaH, jainAgamoM kI bhASA prAkRta hai| prAkRta meM 'suha' zabda ke saMskRta bhASA meM 'sukha' aura zubha -aise do rUpa banate haiN| jainAgamoM meM suha zabda vibhinna sthaloM para bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| jainAcAryoM ne 'sukha' dasa prakAra ke kahe haiM _898 1. Arogyasukha, 2. dIrghAyuSyasukha, 3. sampattisukha, 4. kAmasukha, 5. bhogasukha, 6. santoSasukha, 7. astitvasukha, 8. zubhabhogasukha, 9. niSkramaNasukha aura 10. anaabaadhsukh| sampatti yA artha gArhasthika-jIvana ke lie Avazyaka hai aura sAMsArika-sukhoM ke lie kAraNabhUta hone se use 'sukha' kahA gayA hai|999 sAMsArisampatti yA Apa duHkha ke bhedoM ko batAte hue AcArya kundakunda likhate haiM -'AgaMtuka mAnasikaM sahajaM sArIriyaM cattAri dukkhaaii| 900 arthAt, duHkha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai - Agantuka, mAnasika, svAbhAvika tathA 897 bRhatkalpabhASya- 57/7 898 sUtrakRtAMga, 737 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaNDa-7, pR. 1018 00 bhAvapAhuDa, gAthA-11 899 For Personal & Private Use Only

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414 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zArIrika / acAnaka bijalI Adi girane se, athavA acAnaka koI durghaTanA Adi se jo duHkha prApta hotA hai, use 'Agantuka duHkha' kahate haiN| priyajanoM ke durvyavahAra Adi se tathA iSTa vastu kI prApti na hone ke kAraNa jo duHkha prApta hotA hai, use 'mAnasika duHkha' kahate haiN| jIva ke nija svabhAva se utpanna hone vAle duHkha ko 'svAbhAvika duHkha' kahate haiN| jaise kisI kA svabhAva krodhI, cir3acir3A yA lar3AkU ho Adi, isase bhI vyakti duHkhI hotA hai| jisakA zarIra moTA ho, choTA ho, nATA ho, patalA ho, kAlA ho, adhika lambA ho yA zArIrika-bImAriyoM se grasta ho- ye saba duHkha zArIrika-duHkha haiN| svAmI kArtikeya duHkha ke pA~ca bheda batAte hue likhate haiM - asurodarIyi duHkhaM sArIraM mANasaM tahA vivihaM / khittubmavaM ca titvaM aNNoNNakayaM ca paMcavihaM / / 901 arthAt, pahalA asurakumAroM ke dvArA nAraka jIvoM ko diyA jAne vAlA duHkha, dUsarA zArIrika-duHkha, tIsarA mAnasika-duHkha, cauthA kSetra se utpanna hone vAlA duHkha aura pAMcavA~ paraspara diyA jAne vAlA duHkha / sAMkhyakArikA meM duHkha ke tIna prakAra batAe haiM - AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika evaM aadhidaivik| ___ 1. AdhyAtmika-duHkha - vyakti ke Antarika, zArIrika aura mAnasika -kAraNoM se abhivyakta yA utpanna hone vAle duHkhoM ko AdhyAtmika-duHkha kahA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika-duHkha do prakAra ke hote haiMzArIrika aura maansik| vAta, pitta aura kapha kI viSamatA Adi se utpanna hone vAlA duHkha mAnasika-duHkha hai, jaise -priyajana ke viyogAdi se utpanna duHkh| 2. Adhibhautika-duHkha - Adhibhautika-duHkha vaha hai, jo vibhinna prANiyoM, jaise- manuSya, pazu, sarpa, khaTamala, macchara Adi ke dvArA utpanna 901 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA -35 02 duHkhatrayAbhighAtAt - sAMkhyakArikA -1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hotA hai| sardI, garmI, vRkSa, parvata, nadiyAM Adi ke dvArA jo duHkha hotA hai, vaha bhI Adhibhautika - duHkha hai / 3. Adhidaivika - duHkha deva, yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta, preta evaM graha Adi ke Aveza ke kAraNa evaM duSTa graha Adi ke duSTa prabhAva se hone vAlA duHkha Adhidaivika-duHkha kahalAtA "AdhidaivikaM zItoSNavAtavarSIsanyavazyA yAvezanimittam / hai / -903 - mUlataH ye hI trividha duHkha haiM tathA pratikUla aura vedanIya hone se tInoM hI tiraskAra karane yogya haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA haiM janma duHkharUpa hai, jarAvasthA duHkharUpa hai, roga aura maraNa bhI duHkharUpa hai| vastutaH to, yaha samUcA saMsAra hI duHkhamaya hai; kyoMki saMsAra meM janma, jarA aura mRtyu lage hue haiM, jisase prANI bAra-bAra pIr3ita hotA hai| 904 415 906 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM cAroM gatiyoM, arthAt naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya evaM deva ko duHkharUpa hI mAnA gayA hai, 905 kyoMki sabhI meM maraNa kA duHkha lagA huA hai| ina daihika - duHkhoM ke atirikta mAnasika - duHkha bhI hai; jinakA ullekha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM milatA hai| vastutaH daihika - duHkhoM kA kAraNa bhI mAnasika - duHkha haiM, kyoMki jainAcAryo kI dRSTi meM sukha evaM duHkha - donoM hI vastugata {Objective } na hokara manogata viSayagata {Subjective} hote haiN| vastueM to una sukha yA duHkha ke bhAvoM kI nimitta mAtra haiN| aneka bAra yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki eka hI vastu do bhinna mAnasika sthitiyoM meM kabhI sukharUpa hotI haiM aura kabhI duHkharUpa / sukha aura duHkha kI anubhUti meM mana kI bhUmikA atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAnI gaI hai| vastutaH, jaba taka citta Asakta hai, icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM se jur3A huA hai, taba taka duHkhoM se nivRtti sambhava nahIM hai / icchA aura AkAMkSA, jo manojanya hai, vahI yathArtha duHkha hai, kyoMki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ icchA yA AkAMkSA hai, vahAM apUrNatA hai aura jahA~ apUrNatA hai, vahA~ duHkha hai | 907 903 sAMkhyakArikA, DaoN. ravikAnta maNi, pR. 62 904 19/16 905 906 907 uttarAdhyayana sUtra vahI - 19/10 - uttarAdhyayana- 19/45 vahI - 32/ 94 For Personal & Private Use Only

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416 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva aupaniSadika-RSiyoM ne bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ve spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki jo alpa hai, apUrNa hai, vaha sukha nahIM hai|908 vAstavika sukha AtmapUrNatA meM hai aura jaba taka vyakti meM icchAeM aura AkAMkSAeM haiM, taba taka Atmika-Ananda yA AtmapUrNatA sambhava nahIM hai| sukha vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM aura duHkha vyavahAra ke nivartaka ke rUpa meM sabhI paristhitiyAM sukha aura duHkha se yukta hotI haiM, phira bhI sukha ko vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM aura duHkha ko vyavahAra ke nivartaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH, yaha sanAtana satya hai ki sabhI vyaktiyoM aura prANiyoM ko sukha priya hai aura duHkha apriya hai| 'saMsAra ke pratyeka prANadhArI kA ekamAtra lakSya hai- sukh| sabhI prANI, jIva, bhUta evaM sattva sukha-sAtA cAhate haiM, duHkha unako apriya hai| 909 yadi gaharAI se vicAra kareM, to sukha karmabaMdhana kA kAraNa hai aura duHkha mukti kaa| karmagraMtha ke anusAra, puNya ke udaya se vyakti bhautika sukha ko prApta karatA hai aura usa sukha ko bhogatA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA hai 910 --"yadi anya nimitta se sukha mAnate haiM, to bhrama hai| jisa vastu ko sukha kA kAraNa mAnate haiM, vaha hI vastu kAlAntara meM (kucha samaya bAda) duHkha kA kAraNa ho jAtI hai|" bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM meM vyasta hokara vyakti pramAdI bana jAtA hai aura apane puNya ko samApta karatA rahatA hai| pramAda ke kAraNa nae karmoM kA baMdhana karatA calA jAtA hai| isake viparIta, jo vyakti duHkhI hai, vaha sadA jAgrata avasthA meM rahatA hai, apane kArya ke prati sajaga rahatA hai aura duHkha se mukta hone ke lie prayAsa karatA hai| isa prakAra, duHkha vyakti ko Upara uThAtA hai aura utthAna kI ora le jAtA hai| kahate haiM -prabhu kA nAma bhI duHkha ke kSaNoM meM adhika liyA jAtA hai| kabIra ne bhI kahA hai - duHkha meM sumirana saba kare, sukha meM kare na koya / jo sukha meM sumirana kare, duHkha Ave na koya / / 908 upaniSad - 7/13/1 - (chandogyopaniSad, pR. 785} 909 savve pANA, savve jIvA, savve bhUA, savve sattA ..... suhasAyA, dukkhpddikuulaa| 910 kAttikeyAnuprekSA, saMsArAnuprekSA, gAthA 61 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva "naraka-gati ke jIva atyanta duHkha aura vedanA ko sahana karate haiM, isalie marane ke bAda sadA tiryaMca aura manuSya-gati meM hI unakA janma hotA hai| isake viparIta, devagati ke jIva sukha aura bhoga meM masta rahate haiM, isalie marane ke bAda unakA janma bhI tiryaMca aura manuSya-gati meM hotA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki nAraka ke jIva duHkha ko sahana karane meM apanA utthAna kara lete haiM aura devatAgaNa sukhabhoga ke kAraNa apanA patana kara lete haiN|" sukha aura sukhAbhAsa -donoM vyakti ke vyavahAra ke preraka banate haiN| vyakti ke sabhI kAryoM kA lakSya sukha ko prApta karanA hai| cAhe vaha sAdhu ho yA gRhastha, rAjA ho yA raMka, manuSya ho yA pazu, sainika ho yA sAhUkAra - sabhI ke vyavahAra kA preraka mAtra sukha ko prApta karanA hai| sukha prApta ho, sukha kI anubhUti ho, isIlie ve kucha karate bhI haiN| sAdhu aura saMnyAsI apanI sAdhanA Atmika-sukha ko prApta karane ke lie karate haiN| gRhastha apane parivAra ko sukhI rakhane ke lie -roTI, kapar3A aura makAna ke sAtha-sAtha anya Avazyaka vastuoM kI pUrti ke lie prayAsa karatA hai| rAjA rAjya kI khuzahAlI ke lie aura prajA ko sukhI aura prasanna rakhane ke lie prayAsa karatA hai| raMka apane jIvanopayogI vastuoM kI prApti meM apane-Apako sukhI samajhatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai -"sabhI jIvoM ko prANa pyAre haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA, sabhI sukha ko prApta karanA cAhate haiM, isIlie pakSIjagat ke prANI bhI jIvana ko surakSita rakhane ke lie ghoMsalA banAte haiM aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI sukhapUrvaka rahate haiN| sainika deza ko khuzahAla aura samRddha banAne ke lie dina-rAta sarahadoM para tainAta rahate haiM, tAki deza sukhI va surakSita raha ske| sAhUkAra-vyApArIgaNoM kA uddezya uttama vastuoM ke vinimaya dvArA janasAmAnya ko lAbhAnvita karanA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki saMsAra ke lagabhaga sabhI kArya sukha aura prasannatA prApta karane ke lie kie jAte haiN| nyAyazAstra meM yaha ukti prasiddha hai- "binA uddezya ke mUrkha vyakti bhI kisI kArya meM pravRtti nahIM krtaa| usI prakAra, yaha kahane meM bhI atizayokti nahIM hogI ki vyakti kA mukhya uddezya sukha prApta karanA hI hai| binA sukha prApti ke lie koI vyakti prayAsa nahIM krtaa| punaH, yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki sukha kaisA ho? kSaNika yA sadAkAlIna, zAzvata, kyoMki sukha kI dhAraNA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sabhI prANiyoM meM alaga-alaga hotI hai, koI kisI vastu meM sukha mAnatA hai, to kisI ko anya vastu meM sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| pratyeka prANI kI ruci - pravRtti bhinna-bhinna haiM / 418 isa dRSTi se, prANiyoM ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama -- bhavAbhinandI aura dUsare - mokSAbhinandI | bhavAbhinandI jIva bhautika sukhoM kI icchA karate haiM, unakI prApti meM hI sukha mAnate haiM aura unakA viyoga hote hI duHkhI ho jAte haiN| sabhI avikasita prANI isI koTi ke haiM, kintu mAnava, jo vikasita prANI hai, unameM se adhikAMza bhI isI koTi ke haiM, ve bhI bhautika sukhoM kI aura lAlAyita rahate haiM / abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa 911 meM sukha ko AnandarUpa tathA duHkha ko asAtAvedanIyakarmarUpa mAnA hai| AnandasvarUpa bhautika sukha aneka prakAra ke haiM / upAdhyAya kevalamuni ne tattvArthasUtra 12 ke prAraMbha meM bhautika sukhoM ko suvidhA kI dRSTi se nau vargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai 1. jJAnAnanda jJAna se abhiprAya yahA~ bhautika jJAna hai / bahuta se vaijJAnika naI-naI khoja / zodha karane meM hI Ananda mAnate haiM / kucha loga zakti prApta karake dUsaroM kA ahita karate haiM aura Ananda mAnate haiN| kucha loga nita nae ghAtaka zastra, saMhAraka - sAmagrI ke AviSkAra meM hI jIvana lagA dete haiN| isI prakAra, bahuta se mAnava bauddhika - zakti prApta karake dUsaroM ko Thagate haiM, dhokhA dete haiM, jAsUsI karate haiM aura isI prakAra ve apane prApta jJAna meM Ananda mAnate haiM / 2. premAnaMda mAnava cAhatA hai ki sabhI usase prema kreN| jaba taka mAtA-pitA, pati-patnI tathA samAja ke anya vyakti usase prema karate haiM, taba taka vaha apane ko sukhI mAnatA hai| yadi isameM thor3I bhI kamI huI, to duHkhI ho jAtA hai| 911 - 3. jIvanAnaMda vyakti jIvana ke lie upayogI vastuoM kA upabhoga karake AnaMda manAtA hai| vaha cAhatA hai ki sukha-suvidhA ke sabhI 912 - -- sukhamAnandarUpaM duHkhamasAtodayarUpamiti tAbhyAM samAnvito yukaH / - abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, bhAga-7, pR. 1019 tattvArthasUtra (hindI vivecana sahita ) upAdhyAya zrI kevalamuni, pR. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 419 sAdhana use upalabdha hoN| isameM kamI Ate hI vaha hIna bhAvanA se grasta hokara saMsAra kA sarvAdhika duHkhI vyakti apane ko mAnatA hai| ___4. vinodAnaMda - kucha vyaktiyoM ko khelakUda, manoraMjana, hAsa-parihAsa Adi meM AnaMda AtA hai| jaba vinoda ke lie vyakti tAza, caupar3a, juA Adi khelatA hai, to hAra jAne para svayaM duHkhI hotA hai aura yaha vinoda vyasana bana gayA, to saMpUrNa jIvana hI duHkhI ho jAtA hai, barbAda ho jAtA hai aura aisA vyakti patana ke garta meM gira jAtA hai| ____5. raudrAnaMda - raudrAnaMda taba hotA hai, jaba vyakti dUsare prANiyoM ko duHkha dekara sukha manAtA hai| ___6. mahattvAnaMda - pratyeka mAnava kI bhAvanA hotI hai ki samAja ke, parivAra ke, jAti ke aura yahA~ taka ki saMsAra ke sabhI loga use mahattvapUrNa mAneM, usakA Adara kareM, usakI AjJA kA pAlana kareM, sabhI usakI prazaMsA kreN| yadi kisI ne usakI AjJA kI avahelanA kara dI, to vaha duHkhI ho jAtA hai| 7. viSayAnaMda - viSayAnaMda kA abhiprAya hai - pAMcoM indriyoM aura mana ke sukhoM ko sukha mAnanA, icchita vastuoM kI prApti kI abhilaassaa| isa AnaMda kA dAyarA itanA vistRta hai ki sabhI prakAra ke bhautika sukha isameM samA jAte haiM, kintu isa sukha kI prApti ke lie sabala zarIra, indriya, dhana Adi Avazyaka haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja ke yuga meM dhana ke lie ApAdhApI macI huI hai| Aja kA mAnava betahAzA indriya-sukhoM ke pIche bhAga rahA hai| 8. svataMtratAnaMda. - mAnava hI nahIM, pazu bhI svataMtratA cAhatA hai aura isI meM AnaMda manAtA hai| vaha kisI bhI prakAra kA baMdhana-maryAdA nahIM caahtaa| baMdhana use duHkhadAyI lagatA hai, kintu ye sabhI sukha vAstavika sukha nahIM haiM, sukhAbhAsa haiN| duHkha ke bIja inameM chipe haiN| isakA pariNAma duHkha, kaSTa aura pIr3A hI hai| 9. saMtoSAnaMda - ise AtmAnaMda bhI kaha sakate haiN| prAyaH vastuoM ko tyAgakara jo sAdhanA-mArga kI ora bar3ha jAte haiM, AtmaciMtana, prabhu-bhajana, svAdhyAya Adi meM sukha tathA AnaMda kI anubhUti kara ve saMsAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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420 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kI lAlasA se mukta hote haiM, aise vyakti virale hI hote haiN| inakA lakSya mokSAbhimukhI hotA hai| prANImAtra kA jitanA bhI prayAsa hai, jitanA bhI puruSArtha vaha karatA hai, usakI do hI dizAeM haiM- kAma athavA mokSa / kAmanApUrti patana kA mArga hai aura kAmanA Adi se mukti pAne kA prayAsa unnati kA mArga hai, vizuddhi kA mArga hai, siddhi kA mArga hai, mokSa kA mArga hai aura zAzvata sukha kA mArga hai, isalie sukha ko vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| duHkha vyavahAra ke nivartaka ke rUpa meM vastutaH, jJAniyoM ne duHkha ko mukti kA kAraNa mAnA hai| kyoMki duHkha se nivRtti hone para hI sukha kI prApti hotI hai, isalie duHkha ko vyavahAra ke nivartaka ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM janma, jarA, roga aura mRtyu ko duHkharUpa mAnA hai aura saMpUrNa saMsAra ko hI duHkhamaya kahA hai| paMcasUtra ke prathama adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai- yaha saMsAra, janma, jarA, maraNa, saMyoga, viyoga, roga, zoka Adi duHkhasvarUpa haiN| pariNAma meM bhI janma-maraNAdi duHkha utpanna karane vAlA hai aura duHkha kI paramparA kA janaka hai, arthAt isake Age bhI bhavabhramaNa evaM duHkhoM kA pravAha banA hI rahatA hai| duHkha ke nivarttana ke lie sarvaprathama duHkha kI utpatti ke kAraNoM ko samajhakara hI duHkha se mukti prApta kI jA sakatI hai|914 duHkha kA kAraNa - duHkha kA mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? isakA udgama sthala kaunasA hai ? ina praznoM ko jJAniyoM ne aneka prakAra se varNita kiyA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM sabhI duHkhoM kA mUla srota- "AraMbha-hiMsAjanya pravRtti hai| pramAdI vyakti kaSAyoM ke vaza hokara Arambha-hiMsA karatA hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa azubha karmoM kA baMdha karake naraka, tiryaMca Adi durgatiyoM meM nAnA prakAra ke duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai tathA janma, jarA aura maraNa ko prApta karatA rahatA hai|"975 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM duHkha kA kAraNa saMsAra meM kie duSkRta-pApa haiN| 913. ....... dukkharUve, dukkhaphale, dukkhaannubNdhe| - paMcasUtra, gAthA-1/2 974 samuppAyamajANaMtA, kahaM nAyaMti saMvaraM ? - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra -1/1/3/10 975 AraMbhajaM dukkhamiNAMti NaccA, mAI pamAI puNa- ei gbyN.....| AcArAMgasUtra. prathamazrutaskaMdha 3/1/172 10 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra - 5/1/315 916 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 421 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM duHkha ke kAraNa avidyA, moha, kAmanA, Asakti evaM rAga-dveSa Adi haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM- isa jar3a zarIra meM Atmabuddhi kA honA hI saMsAra ke duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai, isalie zarIra meM Atmatva kI mithyA kalpanA ko chor3akara bAhyaviSayoM meM indriyoM ko rokatA huA antaraMga meM praveza kre|" 917 AcArya guNabhadra likhate haiM -"sarvaprathama zarIra utpanna hotA hai, isa zarIra se duSTa indriyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| ve apane viSayoM ko cAhatI haiM aura ve viSaya mAna-hAni, parizrama, bhaya, pApa evaM durgati ko dene vAle haiN| isa prakAra se, samasta anarthoM kI paramparA kA mUla kAraNa zarIra hI hai| 918 AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM- "isa saMsAra se jo-jo bhI duHkha jIvoM ko sahane par3ate haiM, ve saba isa zarIra ke grahaNa ke kAraNa hI sahane par3ate haiN| isa zarIra se nivRtta hone para phira koI bhI duHkha nahIM hai| 919 bauddhagraMtha mahAsatipaTTAna meM tRSNA ko hI duHkha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|920 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki tRSNA se parAjita vyakti ke mAyA-mRSA aura lobha bar3hate haiM, jisase vaha duHkha se mukti nahIM pA sktaa| duHkha kI prakriyA kA krama nimna hai - jahA~ Asakti hai, vahA~ rAga hai, jahA~ rAga hai, vahA~ karma hai, jahA~ karma hai, vahA~ bandhana hai aura bandhana svayaM duHkha hai| vastutaH, duHkha kA mUla kAraNa mamatva, rAga-bhAva yA Asakti hai| yaha rAga yA Asakti tRSNAjanya hai aura tRSNA moha-janya hai| moha hI ajJAna hai, yadyapi ajJAna (moha) aura mamatva meM kauna prathama hai- yaha kahanA kaThina hai| ina donoM meM pahale murgI yA aNDe ke samAna kisI kI bhI pUrvAparatA sthApita karanA asaMbhava hai|921 918 917 mUlaM saMsAraduHkhasya deha evaatmdhiisttH| __tyaktvainAM pravizedantarbahiravyApRtendriyaH / / -samAdhizataka, zloka-15 978 Adau tanorjananamatra hatendriyANi kADa,kSanti tAni viSayAviSayAzca mAna hAniprayAsabhayapApa kuyonidAH syurmUlaM tatastanuranarthaparaM parANAm ||-aatmaanushaasn, zlo.195 919 bhavodbhavAni duHkhAni yAni yAnIha dehibhiH / sahyante tAni tAnyuccairvapurAdAya kevlm|| -jJAnArNava, adhikAra-7, dohaka 11 mahAsatipaTTAna, uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 32/6,7,8 uddhRta- uttarAdhyayanasUtra dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna pariprekSya meM usakA mahatva- sAdhvI DaoN. vinItaprajJA For Personal & Private Use Only

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422 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva duHkhamukti ke upAya - ___ bhAratIya-darzanoM meM jaina, bauddha, sAMkhya Adi darzanoM ke cintana kA Arambhika sopAna bhale hI duHkha rahA ho, kintu usakI antima pariNati to pUrNa duHkhavimukti yA nirvANa kI prApti meM hai| bhAratIya-darzana kA mUlamaMtra'aMdhakAra se prakAza kI ora, asat se sat kI ora tathA mRtyu se amaratva kI ora agrasara honA hai|' samAdhizataka meM duHkhamukti ke upAya ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai"bheda-vijJAna ke dvArA jo puruSa AtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai, usake sabhI duHkha naSTa ho jAte haiN|"922 AtmAnuzAsana meM kahA hai -"iSTa vastu kI hAni se zoka aura phira usase duHkha hotA hai tathA phira usake lAbha se rAga tathA phira usase sukha hotA hai, isalie buddhimAn puruSa ko iSTa kI hAni meM zoka se rahita hokara sadA sukhI rahanA caahie| 923 bauddhadarzana ke cAra AryasatyoM meM duHkha ke kAraNa kI vivecanA ke sAtha-sAtha duHkha-nivAraNa kI svIkRti aura duHkha-nivAraNa ke upAyoM kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| jainadarzana duHkha-vimukti ko mokSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| sAMkhyadarzana AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika evaM Adhi-daivika duHkhoM kI vivecanA ke sAtha puruSa evaM prakRti ke bhedajJAna ko duHkha-nivRtti kA upAya batalAtA hai, arthAt jaba taka puruSa apane-Apako prakRti se bhinna nahIM samajha letA, use duHkha se mukti nahIM mila sktii| isI prakAra, gItA niSkAma karma ko duHkha-mukti kA sAdhana mAnatI hai| 24 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki sampUrNa jJAna ke prakAzana, ajJAna evaM moha ke visarjana tathA rAga aura dveSa ke unmUlana se 922 AtmavibhramajaM duHkhmaatmjnyaanaatprshaamyti| nAyatAstatra nirvAnti kRtvApi paramaM tapaH / / - samAdhizataka, zloka 41 925 AtmAnuzAsana, zloka- 186-187 924 gItA - 2/39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ekAnta sukharUpa mokSa kI upalabdhi hotI hai samApti hone para hI duHkha samApta hotA hai / uparyukta vivecanA se spaSTa hai ki duHkha nivarttaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaba taka ajJAna, moha, mamatva, kaSAya-bhAva kA visarjana nahIM kareMge, sukha kI upalabdhatA prApta nahIM ho sakatI / saMkSepa meM kaheM, to duHkha - vimukti ke lie vItarAga yA anAsakta jIvana-dRSTi kA nirmANa Avazyaka hai| vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi tabhI sambhava hai, jaba vyakti spaSTa rUpa se jAna le ki sAMsArika sukha vastutaH sukha na hokara mAtra sukhAbhAsa haiM / 925 I rAga-dveSa aura moha kI vastutaH jIvoM ko jo bhI sukha yA duHkha milate haiM, unheM na to Izvara detA hai, na hI koI devI-devatA kI zakti yA mAnava de sakatA hai| jo bhI sukha yA duHkha ke rUpa meM phala milatA hai, ve saba apane hI dvArA isa bhava meM yA pUrvabhava meM kie hue sAtA - asAtAvedanIyarUpa karmabIja ke phala 1 423 sukha ke bIja bone para jIvana kI vATikA sukha-zAnti ke sugandhita puSpoM se mahakatI milatI hai aura duHkhoM ke bIja bone para duHkha, zoka, azAnti, cintA, asvasthatA, tanAva Adi asAtAvedanIyakarma ke phala prApta hote haiM, ataH jo manuSya sukhoM ke jhUle para jhUlanA cAhatA hai, use kheda, khinna, pIr3ita, duHkhI aura azAnta jIvoM ke duHkhoM ko apanA duHkha samajhakara sukhoM ke bIja bonA cAhie, duHkhoM ke bIja hargija nahIM bonA cAhie, tabhI manuSya sukhAnubhava kara sakatA hai aura duHkha se baca sakatA hai tathA apane aura dUsaroM ke jIvana ko santuSTa, sukhI aura zAnta banA sakatA hai. 1926 925 926 927 sukhavAda kI avadhAraNA aura usakI samIkSA 'prayojanamanuddizya mando'pi na pravarttate', 927 arthAt prayojana ke binA mUrkha yA alpabuddhi vAlA vyakti bhI kisI kArya meM pravRtta nahIM hotA uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 32/2 jJAna kA amRta se bhAvAMzagrahaNa, pR. 277, uddhRta - karmavijJAna, AcArya devendramuni, pR. 292. pramANanayatattvAloka -- 1 / 1 sUtra vivecanA se uddhRta / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 928 hai| isI prakAra, manuSya bhI karma isalie hI karatA hai ki use sukha prApta ho / binA sukha mile koI karma nahIM karatA, balki sukha milane para hI karatA hai, ataH sukha kI hI vizeSa rUpa se jijJAsA karanI cAhie / sukhavAda ke anusAra, karma kA sAdhya sukha kI prApti athavA tRpti hai| vahI karma zubha hai, jo hamArI indriyaparatA (vAsanAoM) ko saMtuSTa karatA hai| vaha karma azubha hai, jisase vAsanAoM kI pUrti athavA sukha kI prApti nahIM hotii| sukhavAda ke anusAra, sukha hI parama maMgala hai, sukha hI jIvana kA sarvocca lakSya hai, kyoMki duHkha se sabhI udvigna hote haiM aura sukha sabhI ko abhISTa hai| ,929 cANakya-nIti meM bhI kahA hai - " pratyeka manuSya ko apane sabhI karmoM kA lakSya kevala adhika-se-adhika sukha ke upabhoga ko banAnA caahie| sukha kA tAtparya varttamAna kSaNa kA sukha hai; atIta aura anAgata sukha nahIM / cArvAka bhI sukhavAdI haiM, unakA kahanA hai- jaba taka jIvana hai, taba taka sukha se jInA cAhie, RNa lekara ghI pInA cAhie, kyoMki mRtyu ke bAda phira zarIra na rahegA aura isa kAraNa upabhoga ke avasara nahIM mileNge| 1 yajurveda ke zAntipATha meM kahA gayA hai - sabhI sukhI hoM, sabhI niroga hoM, sabhI zubha kA darzana kareM aura koI duHkhI na ho / ' jaina - AcAradarzana bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki samasta prANIvarga svabhAva se hI sukhAbhilASI haiN| dazavaikAlikasUtra spaSTa rUpa se prANIvarga ko parama (sukha) dharmI mAnatA hai| 933 TIkAkAroM ne parama zabda kA artha sukha karate hue isa prakAra vyAkhyA kI hai "pRthvI Adi sthAvara prANI aura dvIndriya Adi trasa-prANI -isa prakAra sarva prANI 'parama' arthAt sukhadharmI haiM, sukhAbhilASI haiM / sukha kI abhilASA karanA prANiyoM kA naisargika svabhAva hai| 930 931 932 934 424 928 yadA vai sukhaM labhate'tha karoti nAsukhaM labdhavA karoti sukhameva lavhavA karoti sukhaM tveva vijijJAsitavyamiti / - chAndogya upaniSad - 7/22/1 duHkhAdudvijate sarvaH sarvasya sukhamIpsitam / - mahAbhArata zAntiparva - 13 930 gate zoko na karttavyo bhaviSyaM naivaM cintayet / 929 -139/69 vartamAna kAlena vartayanti vicakSaNAH / / - cANakyanIti- 13 / 2 931 932 sarve santu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrAni pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhabhAgbhavet / / - yajurveda, zAntipATha savvepANA paramAhammiA - dazavaikAlikasUtra - 4 / 9 dazavaikAlika TIkA, pR. 46 933 yAvajjIvaM sukhaM jIvet, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH / / 934 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 425 AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI kahA hai- "sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha priya hai, anukUla hai aura duHkha apriya hai, pratikUla hai| vastutaH, sukhavAda kI carcA prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya-cintakoM ne kI hai| sukhavAdiyoM ke aneka upasampradAya haiM, unameM manovaijJAnika-sukhavAda aura naitika- sukhavAda pramukha haiN| manovaijJAnika-sukhavAda eka tathyaparaka siddhAnta hai, jisake anusAra yaha manovaijJAnika satya hai ki vyakti sadaiva sukha ke lie prayAsa karatA hai, jabaki naitika-sukhavAda kI vicAradhArA yaha mAnakara calatI hai ki sukha kA anusaraNa karanA cAhie yA sukha hI vAMchanIya hai| naitika-sukhavAda ke vicArakoM meM mila prabhRti kucha vicAraka naitika-sukhavAda ko manovaijJAnika-sukhavAda para AdhArita karate haiN| mila kA kahanA hai ki koI vastu yA viSaya kAmya hai -isakA pramANa yaha hai ki loga vastutaH usakI kAmanA karate haiN| sAmAnya sukha kAmya hai, isake lie ise chor3akara koI pramANa nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka manuSya sukha kI kAmanA karatA hai,936 lekina sukhavAda ko manovaijJAnika AdhAra para khar3A karane kA mila kA yaha prayAsa tArkika-dRSTi se ThIka nahIM hai| yadi sabhI manuSya svabhAvataH sukha kI kAmanA karate haiM, to phira, 'sukha kI kAmanA karanA cAhie'- isa kathana kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA, jabaki naitika-Adeza ke lie 'cAhie' Avazyaka hai, lekina manovaijJAnika- sukhavAda isa 'cAhie' ke lie koI avakAza nahIM chodd'taa| isI kAraNa, sijavika tathA samakAlIna vicArakoM meM DyUreMTa Dreka Adi ne sukhavAda ko vizuddha naitika AdhAra para khar3A kiyA hai|937 naitika sukhavAdI-vicAradhArA kI dUsarI mAnyatA yaha bhI hai ki vastutaH jo sukha kAmya hai, vaha vaiyaktika nahIM, varan sAmAnya sukha hai| yaha dhAraNA upayogitAvAda ke nAma se bhI jAnI jAtI hai| jaina-AcAradarzana meM naitika-sukhavAda ke samarthaka kucha tathya milate haiN| mahAvIra ne kaI bAra yaha 935 sabve suhasAyA dukkhddiklaa| -AcArAMgasUtra- 1/2/3/81 956 1) nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, pR. 161 para uddhRta 2) jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.122 937 kaNTemparari ethikala thyorIja, pR. 196 For Personal & Private Use Only

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426 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatantva kahA hai -"jisase sukha ho, vaha kro| 938 isa kathana ke AdhAra para yaha phalita nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki mahAvIra naitika-sukhavAda ke samarthaka the| yadi hama jaina-naitikatA ko kisI vizeSa artha meM sukhavAda ke nAma se pukAranA ucita samajheM, to usake naitika-AcaraNa kA caramAdarza anAbAdhaM sukha kI upalabdhi hI hai -yahI mAnanA hogaa| anAbAdha sukha vastutaH AdhyAtmika-Ananda kI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM hama zuddha evaM pUrNa AtmasvarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiN| duHkha kA kAraNa tanAva hai aura tanAva kA kAraNa rAgadveSa hai| jaba AtmA rAgadveSarUpa tanAva ko samApta kara detI hai aura arhat yA vItarAga-avasthA ko prApta kara letI hai, to use isa vAstavika sukha kA lAbha hotA hai, jo vAsanAtmaka-sukhoM kI apekSA ananta gunA adhika hai| jainAgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki vAsanAoM kI pUrti se prApta hone vAle laukika-sukha vItarAga ke sukha kA anantavAM bhAga bhI nahIM hote, arthAt vItarAga ke sukha kI tulanA meM laukika-sukha kucha bhI nahIM hai| sukhavAda ke anusAra bhI sukha mana yA citta kI zAnta avasthA hai| yaha jitanI pragAr3ha cirakAlIna tathA nirantara ho, utanA hI sukha adhika hotA hai| vairAgya (vItarAgadazA) manuSya kI aisI hI pragAr3ha cirakAlIna aura nirantara zAntavRtti hai| yaha vRtti karma karane se nahIM, varan karma kA paripAlana karake ekAnta meM citta ko ekAgra karane se AtI hai, ataeva sukhavAda kI tArkika-parAkASThA yaha hai ki vairAgya (vItarAgadazA) hI ekamAtra zreya hai|940 mahAbhArata meM bhI vAsanAmUlaka evaM aindrika-sukhoM ko atyanta nimna koTi kA sukha kahA gayA hai| yahI nahIM, maharSi vedavyAsa kahate haiM - "binA tyAga kie sukha nahIM milatA, binA tyAga ke paramatattva kI upalabdhi bhI nahIM hotii| binA tyAga ke abhaya kI prApti bhI nahIM hotI, ataH saba kucha tyAga karake sukhI ho jaao|"941 isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki na kevala jaina-paramparA meM, varan bauddha aura vaidika- paramparAoM meM bhI sukha ko apane 958 ahAsuhaM devaannupiyN| -upAsakadazAMgasUtra-1/2 939 adhyAtmatattvAloka, pR. 630 940 1) nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, pR. 231 2) uddhRta - jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pR. 126 941 mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 6583 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva eka viziSTa artha meM hI naitika jIvana kA sAdhya mAnA gayA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina- vicAraNA aura sAmAnya rUpa se anya sabhI bhAratIyavicAraNAoM meM naitika - sAdhya ke rUpa meM sukha ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pAzcAtya - sukhavAda kI avadhAraNA pAzcAtya - vicArakoM meM sukhavAda ke sarvaprathama pravartaka erisTipyasa the / erisTiyasa ke anusAra, jIvana kA carama lakSya bhoga hI hai| jJAna aura sAmAjika-saMskRti kI upAdeyatA unake dvArA bhoga-prApti para hI avalambita hai| ve kahate haiM ki jIvana ko zAntimaya aura sukhamaya banAne ke lie darzana ke adhyayana para atyadhika bala diyA jAnA caahie|" unake anusAra, darzana mAnava-kalyANa kA upAya hai, sAdhana hai | 942 - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne apane zodha-prabandha meM kahA hai ki pAzcAtya-vicArakoM meM arastu kA nAma agragaNya hai| arastu ke naitika-darzana meM zubha kA pratimAna 'svarNima mAdhyama (Golden Mean) mAnA gayA hai| arastu ke anusAra, pratyeka guNa apanI madhyAvasthA meM hI naitika-zubha hotA hai| usane sadguNa aura durguNa kI kasauTI ke rUpa meM isI 'svarNima mAdhya' ko svIkAra kiyA hai| sadmArga madhyamamArga hai, arthAt sAMsArika sukhoM meM atyadhika bhoga-vilAsa aura virakti ke rUpa meM tapamArga yA deha-daMNDana -donoM anucita haiN| saMyama donoM kI madhyAvasthA ke rUpa meM sadguNa hai| 943 427 jainadarzana meM arastu ke isa mAtrAtmaka mAnaka dRSTikoNa kA samarthana AcArya guNabhadra ke AtmAnuzAsana nAmaka grantha meM bhI milatA hai / ve likhate haiM ki sukha kA anubhava karanA burA nahIM hai, lekina usake pIche jo vAsanA hai, vaha burI hai| sukha bhoga se koI pApa nahIM hotA, pApa hotA haisukha - bhoga kI vAsanA ke kAraNa, kyoMki yaha vAsanA samyak dRSTikoNa kI ghAtaka hai / vAsanA se samyaktva kA nAza hotA hai, jabaki samyaktva sukha kA hetu hai / vAsanA mAtrAtikramaNa kI ora le jAtI hai aura yahI mAtrAtikramaNa pApa hai| AcArya ise aura adhika spaSTa karate hue miThAI kA udAharaNa dete haiN| ve kahate haiM ki 'ajIrNa' miSThAna bhojana se nahIM hotA, vaha hotA hai, 942 nItizAstra, DaoN. esa. ena.ela. zrIvAstava, pR. 37-39 943 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 128 For Personal & Private Use Only

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428 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva usakI mAtrA kA atikramaNa karane se| 944 isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM bhI arastu ke samAna mAtrA ke mAnaka kA vicAra upalabdha hai| isa prakAra, spaSTa hai ki jaina, bauddha, vaidika aura pAzcAtya-darzanoM meM sukhavAda ko alaga-alaga prakAra se batAyA gayA hai, para mUla meM dekheM, to mana kI zAnti, citta kI prasannatA aura suvidhApUrNa jIvana hI sukhavAda kA samarthana karatA hai| sukhavAda kI samIkSA karate hue DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne likhA hai ki sukhavAda kI jainadarzana ke anusAra pramukha AlocanA yaha hai ki vaha sukha ko hI ekamAtra sAdhya mAnatA hai, jabaki cetanA ke anya pakSa bhI samAna rUpa se naitika-sAdhya banane kI apekSA rakhate haiN| sukhavAda cetanA ke mAtra anubhUtyAtmaka-pakSa ko svIkAra karatA hai aura usake bauddhika-pakSa kI avahelanA karatA hai, yahI usakA ekAMgIpana hai| jaina-dArzanika sukhavAda ko svIkAra karate hue bhI bauddhika evaM jJAnAtmaka-pakSa kI avahelanA nahIM karate aura isa rUpa meM ve sukhavAdI vicAraNA ke tattvoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI AlocanA ke pAtra nahIM banate haiN| 945 sukha aura Ananda kA antara - parAdhInatA va abhAva duHkha hai, bhautika-padArthoM kI prApti sukha hai tathA vikAroM se vimukti hI Ananda hai| jahA~ vikAra nahIM, vahA~ Ananda-hI-Ananda hai| Ananda kabhI AkAza se nahIM giratA aura na hI pAtAla se prakaTa hotA hai| vaha to AtmA se prAdurbhUta sahaja upalabdhi hai| sukha kA AdhAra sattA nahIM, satya hai| nItse ne sukha kA AdhAra sattA ko maanaa| phrAyaDa kI dRSTi meM sukha kA mUla kAraNa 'kAma' hai| mArksa kA abhimata hai ki 'artha' ke abhAva meM sattA aura kAma -donoM kA koI astitva nahIM hai| isa saMdarbha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai - sukha na sattA meM hai, na kAma meM aura na artha meN| sukha to AtmA meM hai, apane-Apa meM hai| jaise phUla kI sugandha phUla meM hai, zakara kI miThAsa zakara meM hai, dIpaka kA prakAza dIpaka meM hai, vaise hI AtmA kA sukha AtmA meM hai aura AtmA kA 944 AtmAnuzAsana - 28 949 jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 128 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sukha hI Ananda hai / AtmA AnaMda kA anaMta sAgara hai, sukha kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai tathA nirAkulatA va zAnti kA asIma koSa hai 1 lekina, Aja paristhitiyA~ isase ekadama viparIta haiM, jo jIvana AnaMda kA koSa hai, vaha Aja duHkha / pIr3A kA mahAsAgara bana gayA hai, kyoMki manuSya abhAva meM jI rahA hai| jo usake pAsa hai, vaha usakA AnaMda nahIM uThAtA aura jo nahIM hai, usake pIche hamezA bhAgatA rahatA hai, jo anupalabdha hai, usakA duHkha sadA bhogatA hai| gItA zaMkarabhASya meM kahA hai - " viSaya - sevana kI tRSNA (lAlasA) se indriyoM kA nivRtta ho jAnA hI vAstavika sukha hai / " 946 bauddhadarzana ke udAna meM kahA gayA hai- choTe-bar3e sabhI prANiyoM ke prati saMyama aura mitrabhAva kA honA hI vAstavika AnaMda hai| 7 jo isa loka meM kAmasukha hai aura jo paraloka meM svarga ke sukha haiMve saba tRSNA ke kSaya se hone vAle AdhyAtmika - sukha kI solahavIM kalA ke barAbara bhI nahIM haiN| 948 ataH, mAnava apane Apako yadi nigraha kare, tabhI vaha Ananda ko prApta kara sakatA hai| sukha aura Ananda meM aMtara 1. vastutaH sukha vyakti ko bhautika padArtho se prApta hotA hai, para Ananda vyakti kI AtmAnubhUti hai| jaba citta zAnta, prazAnta aura prasanna hotA hai, to Ananda kA jharanA hRdaya se prasphuTita hotA hai / 946 947 2. sukha bhautika hai aura Ananda AdhyAtmika / bhautika sukha bAhyavastuoM ke mAdhyama se prApta kiyA jAtA hai, vaha parAzrita hai / sundara strI evaM bhautika sukha - sAdhanoM se vyakti bAhya - rUpa se sukhI ho sakatA hai, parantu vAstavika sukha Atmika - Ananda hai, jo ki mAtra anubhava kA viSaya hai / indriyANAM viSayasevAtRSNAto nivRttiH yA tat sukham / abyApajjaM sukhaM lokaM prANabhUtesu saMyamo / yaM ca kAmasukhaM loke, yaMcidaM diviyaM sukhaM / taNhakkhayasukhastete, kalaM nAgghanti solasiM / / 948 3. sukha sahajatA se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaise koI bhUkha ke kAraNa, pyAsa ke kAraNa, athavA dhana ke abhAva se duHkhI hai, to gItA (zaMkarabhASya ) - 2/63 429 udAna- 2/1 vahI - 2 /2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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430 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhojana, pAnI aura dhana kI upalabdhatA use sukhI banA degI, lekina Ananda kI prApti AkAMkSA kI samApti para hI hotI hai / 4. jo nahIM cAhane para bhI A jAtA hai, vaha duHkha hai, jo cAhate hue bhI nahIM rahatA, vaha sukha hai, jo sadAkAla banA rahatA hai, vaha Ananda hai / 5. sukha saMgraha meM hai, Ananda tyAga meM hai| 6. sukha duHkha koM prazama (dabA ) kara detA hai| Ananda duHkha kA kSaya ( khatma kara detA hai / 949 7. viSaya - sukha pratikSaNa kSINa hokara nIrasatA meM pariNata hotA hai / isake sAtha abhAva, azAnti, parAdhInatA, cintA, jar3atA, bhaya Adi agaNita duHkha lage rahate haiM, parantu Ananda jaba prakaTa hotA hai, to vaha uttarottara bar3hatA jAtA hai aura antataH mukti ke sopAna taka pahuMcA detA hai| vastutaH samyak Ananda, vahI hai, jo AtmA ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karane meM sahAyaka bane / 949 kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ne apanI pustaka 'dukhaH rahita sukha meM sukha ko viSaya - sukha aura Ananda ko AdhyAtmika sukha kahA hai| unhoMne viSaya - sukha aura AdhyAtmika - sukha kI tulanA kI hai, jisameM kucha tathya isa prakAra haiM viSaya - sukha (sukha) 1. viSayasukha kSINa hotA hai| 1 bhogya sAmagrI va bhoktA - donoM ke bane rahane para bhI pratikSaNa kSINa hotA hai aura kSINa hote-hote aMta meM samApta ho jAtA hai / 2 viSayabhoga ke sukha kA aMta 2 nIrasatA meM hotA hai| duHkharahita sukha, kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, pR. 53 AdhyAtmika - sukha (Ananda) AdhyAtmika sukha akSaya hotA hai| viSaya- vikAra ke tyAga se jitanA sukha prakaTa huA hai, usa avasthA ke bane rahate usa sukha meM kSINatA nahIM AtI / isameM sadA sarasatA banI rahatI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 431 | 3 | yaha abhAvayukta hotA hai| 3 | isameM abhAva kA abhAva hotA hai, arthAt yaha vaibhava (saMpannatA) yukta hotA hai| | 4 | yaha jar3atA lAtA hai| 4 | yaha cinmaya banAtA hai| 5 | yaha pramAda utpanna karatA hai| 5 | yaha jAgarUka banAtA hai| isake phalasvarUpa duHkha 6 / yaha sadA hI sukhamaya rahatA hai| milatA hai| yaha bAdhA (aMtarAya) yukta 7 | isameM bAdhA upasthita nahIM hotI, hotA hai| yaha sadA banA rahatA hai| isakA aMta avazyaMbhAvI hai| isakA aMta honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, yaha akSaya hai, anaMta hai| 9 yaha zrama se milatA hai| | yaha vizrAma se milatA hai| | 10 | yaha mohamaya hotA hai| 10 | yaha nirvikAra evaM prItimaya hotA 12 14 11 | isakI tRpti kabhI nahIM 11 isase sadA tRpti rahatI hai| hotii| yaha indriyajagat ke stara 12 | yaha AMtarika-stara para upalabdha para, arthAt bAhya-stara para hotA hai| prApta hotA hai| | 13 | yaha saMkIrNa hotA hai| 13 | yaha anaMta rasayukta hotA hai| | kAmanApUrti meM isa sukha kA 14 | kAmanAnivRtti va tyAga se isa bhAsa mAtra hotA hai| sukha kA anubhava hotA hai, yaha | vAstavika sukha kAmanApUrti vAstavika sukha hotA hai| | meM nahIM hotaa| 15 | yaha nijasvarUpa kI smRti 15 | yaha nijasvarUpa kI smRti jAgrata - bhulAtA hai| karatA hai| 16 | yaha vakratA, kaThoratA, krUratA, 16 | yaha bhava kA aMta karatA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga-dveSa Adi doSoM ko bar3hAtA hai| | isake bhogI ko bAra-bAra | 17 | yaha amRtarUpa hai, mRtyurahita maranA par3atA hai, ataH yaha | | | karatA hai| viSatulya hai| | 18. | yaha nijasvarUpa se vimukha 18| isase nijasvarUpa meM ramaNatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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432 karatA hai| yaha rati-aratimaya hone se avirati utpanna karatA hai| navIna bhoga kI pravRtti ko janma detA hai| 20 isake Adi va anta meM duHkha hotA hai 19 24 21 yaha sukha - duHkha kA bhaya paidA 21 karatA hai| 22 ise balapUrvaka roka nahIM sakate, ise surakSita banAe rakha nahIM sakate, jaisejavAnI, bacapana, nirogatA Adi sukha 23 isameM rAga rahatA hai / yaha kSitija ke samAna hai, jo kevala bhAsita hotA hai, paraMtu prApta kabhI nahIM hotA hai, astitvahIna hotA hai / 25 yaha puNyoM kA kSaya karane vAlA hai / 26 isase vyaktitva aura samAja - rASTra dUSita hotA hai| hai 19 1 20 22 23 24 25 26 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AtI hai| yaha rati-aratirahita viratimaya hotA hai / isake Adi, madhya evaM aMta meM sukha rahatA hai yaha duHkha ke bhaya se rahita karatA hai / abhaya banAtA hai| -000 ise surakSita banAe rakhane meM bala va zrama kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hotii| vastutaH, AdhyAtmika - sukha aura vaiSayika - sukha kA saMkSipta meM vivecana kiyA hai| nizcayAtmaka rUpa se kaha sakate haiM ki saMsAra meM koI bhI sukha aisA nahIM hai, jisakA kAraNa viSayasukha na ho / samasta duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa viSayasukha hI hai, parantu AnaMda Atmika sukha hai evaM vAstavika sukha yaha virAgatA yA vItarAgatA se hotA hai| yaha sat, sattAvAna, astitvavAlA hai / yaha pApoM kA kSaya karane vAlA hai / isase vyaktitva, suMdara samAja - rASTra kA nirmANa hotA hai vasuMdaratA AtI hai I For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 433 adhyAya-12 dharma-saMjJA Instinct of Religion} saMjJAoM kA jo SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa 950 hai, usameM sarvaprathama AhArAdi cAra saMjJAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| usake bAda dazavidha saMjJAoM meM cAra kaSAyarUpa saMjJAoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha} ke sAtha-sAtha loka-saMjJA aura ogha-saMjJA kA vivecana AtA hai| jahA~ taka saMjJAoM ke SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa kA prazna hai, usameM eka saMjJA dharmasaMjJA bhI hai| vastutaH, dharmasaMjJA mohanIyakarma ke kSayopazama se kSamA, mArdava Adi dharmoM ke sevana-rUpa hai| 951 AcArAMgasUtra 952 meM * zAstrakAra ne saMjJA kA artha cetanA Consciousness} kiyA hai| yahA~ cetanA kA tAtparya dhArmikatA kI cetanA se hai| isameM una tathyoM kA vivecana hotA hai, jo hameM dharma kI ora agrasara karate haiN| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki dharma kA sAratattva bhAvanA Feeling} hai| dharma tarka-vitarka evaM vAda-vivAda kA viSaya na hokara anubhUti, vizvAsa evaM zraddhA kA viSaya hai| yaha dharma kA prAthamika artha hai| dharma ko aMgrejI meM 'rilIjana' Religion} kahA jAtA hai| 'rilIjana' zabda ri+lIjera se banA hai| isakA zAbdika artha hotA hai - phira se jor3a denaa| dharma manuSya ko manuSya se aura AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA hai| dharma kA avataraNa manuSya ko zAzvata zAMti evaM sukha 950_1) AcArAMgasUtra- 1/1/2 2) jIvasamAsa, anu. sAdhvI vidyayutaprabhAzrI, pR. 71 951 pravacanasAroddhAra, sA. hemaprabhAzrI, dvAra 146, pR. 81 AcArAMgasUtra- 1/1/2, akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, pR.4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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434 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva se yojita karane ke lie huA hai,953 jo mAnavIya ekatA ke AdhAra para hI saMbhava hai| 'dharma' zabda 954 vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'ghRJ-dhAraNe' dhAtu meM 'man' pratyaya lagAne se banatA hai| ghRJ kA artha hai - sthApita, surakSita, nitya, sahAyaka aura dhAraNa kiyA huA Adi, jabaki 'man' pratyaya kA artha hai - yAda karanA, mAnanA, pUjA karanA aura pratyakSa karanA aadi| hindU-dharmagraMthoM aura jaina-AgamoM meM isI AdhAra para dharma ko alaga-alaga taraha se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| usake vyutpattiparaka artha nimna haiM - dhriyate lokaH anena iti dharmaH -jisase loka ko dhAraNa kiyA jAe, vaha dharma hai| dharati dhArayati vA lokaM iti dharmaH - jo loka ko dhAraNa kare, vaha dharma hai| dhriyate yaH sa dharma - jo dhAraNa kiyA jAe, vaha dharma hai| maharSi kaNAda ne dharma kI vyAkhyA karate hue vaizeSikasUtra meM likhA hai- jisase sAMsArika-vikAsa tathA niHzreyasa kI prApti ho, vaha dharma hai,955 arthAt ve vicAra, siddhAMta aura AcaraNa dharma kahalAte haiM, jinase manuSya kI sAMsArika, sAmAjika-unnati ke sAtha-sAtha Atmika-unnati bhI ho| isa prakAra, dharma bar3A vyApaka zabda hai, jisameM manuSya kA zarIra, mana, buddhi, AtmA, loka-paraloka, karma, upAsanA Adi saba kucha sammilita haiN| dazavaikAlikacUrNi meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa taraha kisI vastu ko eka sthAna se uThAkara dUsare sthAna para dharA jAtA hai, usI taraha saMsAra ke prANiyoM ko burI gati meM jAne se jo bacAtA hai, yA duHkha se chuTakArA dilAtA hai, sAtha hI ukta sukha ko prApta karAtA hai yA ucca gati meM 953 dhArmika sahiSNutA aura jainadharma, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.2 254 ka) dhriyate lokA'nena, dharati lokaM vA ghR + mn| -saMskRta hindI koza, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI, pR. 488 kha) dhAraNAd dharma ityAhuH dharmo dhArayate prajAH / -vAlmIki rAmAyaNa-7/59, prakSepa-2/70 955 yato'myudayaniH zreyasasiddhi sa dhrmH| - vaizeSikadarzana- 1/1/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 435 pahuMcAtA hai, vaha dharma hai|956 vastutaH, dharma vaha hai, jo jIvoM ko patana se uThAkara unnata yA ucca sthAna para dharatA hai| AcArya samaMtabhadra kA kahanA hai -"jo uttama sthAna para dharatA hai, vahI dharma hai|"957 dharma jIvana kA eka sazakta rUpa hai, jisakI akSuNNa dhArA anAdikAla se pravAhita hotI jA rahI hai| dharmacetanA jIvana jIne kI kalA kA parama upAdeya tattva hai, isI kAraNa dharma kI aparivartanIya evaM avarNanIya vizeSatAoM ko jIvana ke vyavahAra-pakSa se saMyojita kara diyA gayA hai| mAnava koI bhI ho, dharma kI jijIviSA se vimukha nahIM ho sktaa| jisakI dharmaprANatA naSTa ho jAtI hai, usakA jIvana nissAra, niSprANa aura sattvahIna ho jAtA hai| dharma kI pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI paribhASA - zabdoM kA vaha samUha, jo kisI viSaya meM mukhya siddhAMtoM ko pUrI taraha se spaSTa karatA hai,958 paribhASA kahA jAtA hai - paritaH bhASate iti paribhASAH / jo viSaya ko cAroM ora se varNita kare, vaha paribhASA hai| aneka pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne dharma ke artha ko vyAkhyAyita karane hetu aneka paribhASAe~ dI haiM, jo dharma ke marma ko spaSTa karatI haiN| pAzcAtya-vicArakoM ke anusAra, dharma kI vahI paribhASA nirdoSa evaM saMtoSaprada kahI jA sakatI hai, jo dharma ke jJAnAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka aura kriyAtmaka {Knowing, feeling & doing or willing} pakSa para prakAza DAlatI ho| buddhi, bhAvanA aura kriyA -tInoM ke samaveta rUpa ko hI dharma kahA jA sakatA hai| buddhi kA artha hai - jJAna, bhAvanA kA artha haiM - zraddhA aura 956 yasmAjjIvaM narakatiryagyoni kumAnuSadevatveSu prayatantaM dhArayatIti dhrm| ukta ca - durgatiprasRtAna jIvAna, yasmAddhArayate yataH |dyte caitAn zubhasthAne, tasmAddharma iti sthitaH / / dazavaikAlika, jinadAsagaNi cUrNi, pR.15 957 dezayAmi samIcInaM dharma karmanivarhaNam, saMsAra duHkhataH sattvAn yo dhArayatyuttame sukhe| - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 2 paritaH pratitAkSarApi sarva viSaya prAptavatI gatA pratiSThAna ....... / - saMskRta hindI koSa, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI, pR. 587 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kriyA kA artha hai - AcAra | jaina - paramparA ke anusAra bhI zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa - tInoM dharma haiM aura ye tInoM hI mokSa ke sAdhana bhI haiN| 959 pAzcAtya - vicArakoM dvArA dharma kI paribhASAe~ isa prakAra dI gaI 436 :960 (Hegal) - "Religion is the knowledge possessed by the finite mind of its nature as absolute mind." "Religion is the belief in I.bI. Telara' (E.B. Taylor) spiritual beings." maiksamUlara' (Maxd Muller) absolute dependence." hi (Kant)" Religion is the recognition of all duties as divine commandments." 3R (Metthew Arnold) - "Religion is morality touched with emotion." "Religion is a feeling of gailave (Galloway) "Religion is a man's faith in a power beyond himself whereby he seeks to satisfy. Emotional needs and gain stability of life and which he expresses in act of worship and service." - As (Edgar s. Brightman) - "Religion, then is a total experience which includes this concern this devotion and this expression." (Martineau) - "Religion is a belief in and wprship of an everlasting God that is divine mind and will rulling the universe and holding moral relations with mankind." 959 tattvArthasUtra - 1/1 960 dharmadarzana, pro. rAmezvara prasAda zarmA, pR. 26-28 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva pro. phlinTa Prof. Flint } ne dharma kI isa prakAra kI paribhASA dI hai, jo dharma ke sabhI Avazyaka pahaluoM para prakAza DAlatI hai| hIgela, I. bI. Telara, maiksamUlara ne jo dharma kI paribhASAeM dI haiM, unameM dharma ke ekamAtra jJAnAtmaka - pakSa ko hI spaSTa kiyA gayAM hai| kAMTa ne apanI paribhASA meM jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha kriyAtmaka pahalU para bhI dhyAna diyA hai, lekina bhAvanAtmaka pahalU kI upekSA kara dI hai| dArzanika gailave, brAiTamaina, mATinyU aura pro. phlinTa ne dharma kI jo paribhASAeM dI haiM, unameM vizvAsa (zraddhA), vicAra (jJAna) aura AcAra - tInoM kA samAveza kara liyA gayA hai, isalie yaha paribhASA nirdoSa evaM saMtoSaprada hai / pAzcAtya - paramparA meM dharma ko vividha rUpa se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI bhAratIya - paramparA meM bhI dharma ko aneka rUpoM meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| unameM se kucha pramukha dRSTikoNa isa prakAra haiM - 1. dharma niyamoM yA AjJAoM kA pAlana hai| - 437 jaina - paramparA meM dharma AjJApAlana ke rUpa meM vivecita hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA hai ki merI AjJAoM ke pAlana meM dharma hai| 961 mImAMsAdarzana meM dharma kA lakSaNa Adeza yA AjJA mAnA gayA hai| usake anusAra, vedoM kI AjJA kA pAlana hI dharma hai| 962 jaina - paramparA meM laukika-niyamoM yA sAmAjika-maryAdAoM ko bhI dharma kahA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM grAmadharma, nagaradharma, saMghadharma Adi ke sandarbha meM dharma ko sAmAjika vidhi-vidhAnoM ke pAlana ke rUpa meM hI dekhA gayA hai| uparyukta paribhASAoM kI carcA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne apane zodha-prabaMdha meM bhI kI hai / islAma dharma kA artha AjJApAlana aura Atma-samarpaNa karanA hai / islAma-dharma kI yaha sabase bar3I zikSA (paribhASA) hai ki allAha kI AjJA kA pAlana kareM tathA usake sAmane sabhI prakAra se AtmasamarpaNa kareM 1965 964 961 ANAe mAmagaM dhammaM - AcArAMgasUtra- 1/6/2/185 962 mImAMsAdarzana- 1/1/2 963 dasavihe dhamme paNNatte, taM jahA - gAmadhamme, nayaradhamme, raTThadhamme... / - sthAnAMgasUtra - 1/101/7.60 jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAraNadarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, 964 pR. 9 965 vizvadharmadarzana kI samasyAe~, DaoN. bI. ena. siMha, pR. 228 For Personal & Private Use Only

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438 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 2. dharma cAritra kA paricAyaka hai - jaina-paramparA meM dharma kI dUsarI paribhASA cAritra ke rUpa meM dI gaI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne dharma kA lakSaNa caritra mAnA hai| pravacanasAra meM AcArya kundakunda ne bhI cAritra ko hI dharma kA lakSaNa mAnA hai| AcArAMganiyukti ke anusAra - zAstra evaM pravacana kA sAra AcaraNa hai| vaidika-paramparA meM manu ne AcAra ko paramadharma kahakara dharma kA lakSaNa cAritra yA AcaraNa batAyA hai| AcAra ko spaSTa karate hue manu ne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki AcaraNa kA vAstavika artha rAgadveSa se rahita vyavahAra hai| ve kahate haiM ki rAgadveSa se rahita sajjana vidvAnoM dvArA jo AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura jise hamArI antarAtmA ThIka samajhatI hai, vahI AcaraNa dharma hai|70 3. jo durgati aura duHkha se bacAe, vaha dharma - gItArtha jJAniyoM ne dharma kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai -'durgato prapatantamAtmAnaM dhArayatIti dharma:71, arthAt, durgati meM girate hue jIvoM ko jisase zubha sthAna meM dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, use dharma kahate haiN| pravacanasAra kI tAtparyAkhyAvRtti ke kartA ke anusAra72 - dharma vaha hai, jo mithyAtva, rAga Adi se hamezA saMsaraNa kara rahe bhavasaMsAra se prANiyoM ko Upara uThAtA hai aura vikArarahita zuddha caitanyabhAva meM unheM dhara detA hai|" isa duniyA meM jo bhI jIva Ae, vartamAna meM haiM aura bhaviSya meM AeMge, ve saba isa duniyA meM kisI-na-kisI prakAra se duHkhI rahate rahe haiM aura rheNge| jIvoM ko ina sAMsArika-duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie jo iSTa sthAna taka pahuMcA de, dhara de, vaha dharma hai|973 966 sthAnAMgasUtra TIkA- 4/3/320 pravacanasAra- 1/7 AcArAMganiyukti- 16/17 manusmRti- 2/108 vahI- 2/1 971 dazavaikAlikasUtra sUtra vyAkhyA meM 1/1 972 mithyAtvarAgAdisaMsaraNarUpeNa bhAvasaMsAre prANinamuddhRtya nirvikArazuddhacaitanye dharatIti dhrmH| - pravacanasAra ___ -tAtparyavRtti- 7/9 973 ka) iSTe sthAne dhatte iti dharmaH / -sarvArthasiddhi- 9/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 439 hemacandrAcArya ne kahA hai - "durgati meM girate hue jIvoM ko dhAraNa-rakSaNa karane ke kAraNa hI use dharma kahate haiN| vaha saMyama Adi dasa prakAra kA hai, sarvajJoM dvArA kathita hai aura mokSa ke lie hai| 974 paramAtmaprakAza meM kahA hai - dharma jIva ko mithyAtva, rAga Adi pariNAmoM se bacAtA hai aura use apane nija, zuddha bhAva meM sthira karatA hai|975 yahI bhAvArtha mahApurANa, cAritrasAra aura dravyasaMgraha-TIkA78 meM bhI hai, jo dharma ko paribhASita karate haiN| dArzanika ozo ne mahAvIra vANI meM kahA hai -"jarA aura maraNa ke teja prabhAva meM bahate hue jIva ke lie dharma hI ekamAtra dvIpa, pratiSThA, gati aura uttama zaraNa hai|"979 yogasAra meM dharma ko paribhASita karate hue sApha-sApha zabdoM meM ghoSaNA kI hai - "sirpha par3ha lene se 'dharma' dharma nahIM ho jAtA, pustaka aura picchI dhAraNa kara lene se bhI dharma nahIM hotA, kisI maTha meM rahane se bhI dharma nahIM hotA, keza-loca karane ko bhI dharma nahIM kahA jA sakatA, balki 'dharma' vaha hai, jisameM rAga-dveSa ko chor3akara apanI AtmA meM hI vAsa kiyA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ne nija-AtmA meM rahane ko dharma kahA hai, kyoMki vaha (nijAtmavAsa) paMcama gati kahe jAne vAle 'mokSa' taka pahuMcAtA hai|980 kha) dharmo nIcaiH padAduccaiH pade dharati dhaarmikm| - tatrAjavajjavo nIcaiH padamuccaistadavyaya / / - paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArddha, 715 ga) mahApurANa- 2/37 ka) durgatiprapatatprANidhAraNAda dharma uccte| saMyamAdirdazavidha sarvajJAkto vimuktye|| yogazAstra-2/11 kha) jJAnArNava - 2/157 ga) rAjavArtika - 9/2/3 . 975 bhAvavisuddhaNu appaNau dhammu bhaNe viNu lehu / caugai dukkhaMiM jo dharai jIva paMDatau ehu||-prmaatmprkaash-2/68 976 mahApurANa-47/302 cAritra sAra, 3 978 dravyasaMgraha TIkA, 35 979 jarAmaraNavegeNaM, vujjhamANANa pANiNaM / dhammo dIvo paiTThA ya, gaI saraNamuttamaM / / -ozo, mahAvIra vANI, bhAga.1, pR. 348 ' dhammaNu paDhiyaI hoi dhammu Na potthA picchiyahaM / dhammaNa maDhiya-paesi dhammu Na matthA luciyiN|| rAya rosa ve pariharivi jo appANa vsei| so dhamma vi jiNa uttimau jo paMcamagai nnei|| -yogasAra-46-48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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440 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 4. dharma karttavya kI vivecanA karatA hai - jaina paramparA meM ahiMsA, saMyama aura taparUpa dharma ko utkRSTa maMgala ke rUpa meM bhI paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| 981 isa prakAra, dharma ko vizvakalyANakAraka batAyA gayA hai|982 mahAbhArata meM dharga kI paribhASA isa rUpa meM kI gaI hai ki jo prajA ko dhAraNa karatA hai, athavA jisase samasta prajA (samAja) kA dhAraNa yA saMrakSaNa hotA hai, vahIM dharma hai| 983 gItA meM dharmazAstra ko kAryAkArya athavA karttavyAkarttavya kI vyavasthA dene vAlA batAyA gayA hai| 984 uparyukta paribhASAoM kI carcA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne apane zodha-prabaMdha meM bhI kI hai| 5. dharma parama zreya kI vivecanA karatA hai - dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM dharma ko bhAva-maMgala aura siddhi (zreya) kA kAraNa kahA hai| AcArAMganiyukti meM bhI dharma kA aMtima lakSya nirvANa batAyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki loka kA sAra dharma hai, dharma kA sAra jJAna hai, jJAna kA sAra saMyama (sadAcAra) hai aura saMyama kA sAra nirvANa hai| 985 isa prakAra, dharma ko paramazreya kA udbodhaka mAnA gayA hai| kaThopaniSada meM bhI zreya aura preya ke vivecana meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo zreya kA cayana karatA hai, vahI vidvAn hai| 986 AcArya zubhacandra ne dharma ko bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika-abhyudaya kA sAdhaka batAyA hai| 987 jaina-paramparA meM dharma kI eka paribhASA vastu-svabhAva ke rUpa meM bhI kI gaI hai|988 jisase svasvabhAva meM avasthiti aura vibhAvadazA kA parityAga hotA hai. vaha dharma hai. kyoMki svasvabhAva hI hamArA paramazreya ho sakatA hai aura isa rUpa meM vahI dharma kahA jAtA hai| dharma kA lakSaNa yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai -jo AtmA kA parizuddha svarUpa hai aura jo Adi, madhya aura anta-sabhI meM kalyANakAraka hai, vahI 981 dhammo maMgala mukkiTuM, ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| -dazavaikAlikasUtra- 1/1 982 abandhUnAmasau bandhurasakhInAmasau skhaa| anAthAnAmasau nAtho, dharmo vizvaikavatsalaH / / -yogazAstra- 4/100 983 mahAbhArata, karNaparva- 69/59 984 gItA- 16/24 AcArAMganiyukti, 244 kaThopaniSad- 2/1/2 987 amolasUkti, ratnAkara, pR. 27 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaNDa-4, pR. 2663 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 990 dharma hai|988 vaizeSikasUtra meM dharma kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai - jisase abhyudaya aura niHzreyas kI siddhi hotI hai, vaha dharma hai sikkha dharma ke pravarttaka gurUnAnaka ne 'hRdaya kI pavitratA' ko hI dharma mAnA hai / 1 IsAIdharma kSamA aura dayA ko dharma mAnatA hai / IsA ne sUlI para car3hate hue bhI apane zatruoM ke prati kSamAzIlatA ko kAyama rkhaa| unakI antima prArthanA thI - "bhagavAn! inako kSamA karanA, ye becAre nahIM jAnate ki ye kyA kara rahe ,992 haiM dharma kI ina aneka vyAkhyAoM ke ullekha kA prayojana yahI hai ki hama dharma ke vyApaka svarUpa ko, jo vibhinna dharmadarzanoM meM batAyA gayA hai, usako hRdayaMgama kara sakeM / ye vyAkhyAe~ spaSTa karatI haiM ki jIvana ko ucca, pavitra aura divya banAne vAle jo bhI vidhi-vidhAna yA kriyAkalApa haiM, ve sabhI dharma ke antargata haiM / bhAratIya - paramparA kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM dharma kI kisI ekAMgI paribhASA para hI bala nahIM diyA gayA, varan dharma ke vividha pakSoM ko ubhArane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ve kahate haiM ki veda evaM smRti kI AjJAoM kA paripAlana, sadAcAra aura Atmavat vyavahAra dharma kA lakSaNa hai| vastutaH, pAzcAtya - paramparA meM ina vividha paribhASAoM kA Agraha dekhA jAtA hai| jaina - paramparA meM kArttikeyAnuprekSA aura dazavaikAlikasUtra meM pradarzita dharma kI paribhASAeM dharma ke sabhI tathyoM ko spaSTa karatI haiN| 441 993 dazavaikAlika meM dharma ko utkRSTa maMgala kahA hai| 'maMgala' zabda kA artha hai- pApa yA burAiyoM kA nAza aura sukha evaM kalyANa kI prApti / tAtparya yaha hai ki jo AcAra-praNAlikA hamAre jIvana ko pApa kI kAlimA se bacAtI hai; jIvanagata burAiyoM ko dUra karatI hai aura jisase kalyANa kA patha prazasta hotA hai, vahI dharma hai| isa vyApaka paribhASA se jainAgamapratipAdita dharma sArvabhauma dharma kA darjA prApta kara letA hai| jisase AtmA kA maMgala ho, vaha Atma-dharma hai| jisase rASTra kA maMgala ho, vaha 989 vahI, pR. 2669 990 vaizeSikasUtra, uddhRta nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa, pR. 6 991 dharma-darzana, pro. rAmezvara prasAda zarmA, pR. 414 992 "Father! forgive them for they know not what they do" - Jesus 993 dazavaikAlikasUtra - 1/1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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442 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva rASTradharma hai aura jisa AcAra-praNAlI se vizva kA maMgala ho, vaha vizvadharma hai| isI prakAra, yaha paribhASA sabhI samAjoM aura vargoM para lAgU hotI hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA94 meM kahA gayA hai - dhammo vatthu sahAvo, khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhammo | rayaNattayaM ca dhammo, jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhmmo|| .. arthAt, vastu-svabhAva dharma hai, kSamAdi dazavidha dharma haiM, ratnatraya dharma haiM aura jIvoM kI rakSA karanA dharma hai| yaha dharma kI. eka vyApaka paribhASA hai| dharma kI isa paribhASA kI vyAkhyA hama agale pRSThoM meM vistRta rUpa se kreNge| dharma kA samyak svarUpa - 'samyaka' zabda kA artha hai - ThIka, sahI, yathArtha yA satya / jainadarzana meM dharma ke samyak svarUpa ko spaSTa karane vAle aneka sUtra aura gAthAeM haiN| ve jahAM eka ora dharma ke bAhya-svarUpa para prakAza DAlatI haiM, vahIM ve dUsarI ora, dharma kI antarvastu ko bhI spaSTa karatI haiN| ajJAta aura adRzya zaktiyoM ke bAre meM jAnane kI lAlasA mAnava meM AdikAla se hI rahI hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI kalpanA hai ki mAnava kI isI ruci ne dharma ko janma diyA, kintu yaha ucita nahIM hai| Adimayuga se lekara sabhya samAjoM taka hameM dharma, dhArmika-kriyAkANDa aura Izvara sambandhI vicAra dekhane ko milate haiN| bhArata jaise dharmaparAyaNa deza meM to prAtaHkAla uThane se lekara rAtri taka tathA janma se mRtyu taka aneka dhArmika-kriyAeM sampanna kI jAtI haiN| una kriyAoM meM, cAhe ve vaiyaktika hoM, sAmAjika yA pArivArika hoM, kahIM-na-kahIM dharma-bhAvanA nihita hotI hai| sAmAnyatayA, mAnava kI sampUrNa kriyAoM kA kendra dharma mAnA gayA hai aura jIvana kA antima lakSya dharma ko arjita kara mokSa ko prApta karanA hI hai, kintu jaina- cintakoM kA mAnanA hai ki dharma hI eka aisA pavitra anuSThAna hai, jisase AtmA kI vizuddhi hotI hai|995 994 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 478 995 egA dhammapaDimA. jaM se AyA pjjvjaae| -sthAnAMgasUtra-1/1/40 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 443 __dharma ke svarUpa ko jAnane kI jijJAsA pratyeka mAnava meM pAI jAtI hai| dharma kyA hai ? isakA svarUpa kaisA hai ? ina praznoM ke Aja taka aneka uttara die gae haiM, kintu jaina-AcAryoM ne dharma kA jo svarUpa evaM usake lakSaNa batAe haiM, ve vilakSaNa haiM, jinameM se mukhya cAra lakSaNoM ko svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA96 meM saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai, jo dharma ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate haiN| dhammo vatthusahAvo, khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhmmo| rayaNattayaM ca dhammo, jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhammo / / arthAt, vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai| kSamA Adi bhAvoM kI apekSA se vaha dasa prakAra kA hai| ratnatraya (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra) bhI dharma hai tathA jIvoM kI rakSA karanA bhI dharma hai| sAmAnyataH, 'dharma' zabda aneka arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| isa saMsAra meM jo bhI padArtha haiM, una sabakA apanA-apanA svabhAva hai, jaise- jala kA dharma hai -zItalatA, Aga kA dharma hai -jlaanaa| yahA~ dharma se hamArA tAtparya vastu ke svAbhAvika-guNoM se hotA hai, kintu jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki duHkhI evaM pIr3itajanoM kI sevA karanA manuSya kA dharma hai, athavA guru kI AjJA kA pAlana karanA ziSya kA dharma hai, to yahA~ dharma kA artha hotA haikarttavya yA daayitv| isI prakAra, jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki merA dharma jaina hai, yA usakA dharma IsAI hai, to yahA~ dharma kA matalaba kisI divyasattA-siddhAnta yA sAdhanA-paddhati ke lie hamArI zraddhA, AsthA yA vizvAsa se hai| prAyaH, hama dharma se yahI tIsarA artha lete haiM, jabaki yaha tIsarA artha dharma kA abhirUr3ha artha hai, vAstavika artha nahIM hai| saccA dharma sirpha dharma hai, vaha na hindU hotA hai, na jaina, na bauddha, na IsAI, na islAma / hamArA saccA dharma to vahI hai, jo hamArA nija svabhAva hai,997 isIlie jaina AcAryoM ne 'vasthu sahAvo dhammo'998 ke rUpa meM dharma ko paribhASita kiyA hai| pratyeka ke lie jo usakA nija-guNa hai, sva-svabhAva hai, vahI dharma hai| sva-svabhAva se bhinna jo bhI hogA, vaha usake lie dharma nahIM, adharma hI hogaa| 996 kArtikeyAnuprekSA- 478 997 dharma kA marma, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 14 998 bhAvasaMgraha, gAthA-373 For Personal & Private Use Only

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444 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1. vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai - vastutaH, jala kA svabhAva hai -shiitltaa| jala ko Aga para tapA-tapAkara kitanA hI garma kara sakate haiM aura yadi usa garma jala meM hAtha ko DAleM, to hAtha jala jAegA, yAnI tIvra agni ke samparka meM Ane para pAnI Aga jaise svabhAva vAlA ho jAtA hai| yaha pAnI kA svabhAva nahIM, vibhAva hai, vikRti hai, usa garma pAnI ko yadi hama jalatI huI Aga para DAla deM, to vaha garma pAnI usa Aga ko bujhA degA, aisA kyoM ? kyoMki jala kA mUla svabhAva zItalatA hai, uSNatA to agni ke saMyoga se utpanna huI, jo para ke nimitta se hai, svabhAva nhiiN| gItA99 meM kahA hai -"svadharma hI zreSTha hai, paradharma bhayAvaha hai, arthAt apanA dharma vahI hai, jo apanA nija svabhAva hai, vibhAvatA to paradravyoM ke kAraNa AtI hai, jo adharma hai| koI bhI vyakti caubIsoM ghaNTe krodha kI sthiti meM nahIM raha sakatA, kintu zAnta raha sakatA hai, ataH manuSya ke lie krodha vidharma hai, adharma hai aura zAnti svadharma hai| jaba taka jIva saMsAra meM hai, isakI pravRttiyoM meM raMgA huA hai, taba taka usa para karmoM ke bandhanoM kI kAlikha car3hatI rahatI hai, jisakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki jIva ke jo mUla guNa haiM, jo usakA svabhAva (cetanA) hai, vahI malina ho jAtA hai| apane meM se malinatA ko, kAlikha ko, jisa kSaNa vaha nikAlakara pheMka detA hai, usa kSaNa vaha apane zuddha nija-svabhAva ko prApta kara letA hai| eka bAra apane isa zuddha svabhAva ko pA lene ke bAda phira usameM malinatA nahIM AtI, ataH AtmA yA cetanA kA jo svabhAva hogA, vahI hamArA vAstavika dharma hogaa| dharma ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie 'cetanA' ke svalakSaNa ko jAnanA hogaa| cetanA kyA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara bhagavatIsUtra000 meM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama ke bIca hue eka saMvAda se milatA hai - gautama pUchate haiM, "bhagavAn! AtmA kyA hai ? aura AtmA kA artha yA sAdhya kyA hai ?" mahAvIra uttara dete haiM - "gautama! AtmA kA svarUpa 'samatva' hai aura samatva ko prApta kara lenA hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai|" 999 svadharme nidhanaM zreya paradharmo bhayAvahaH |-giitaa- 3/35 1000 bhagavatIsUtra -1/9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 445 yaha bAta na kevala dArzanika-dRSTi se satya hai, apitu jIvazAstrIya aura manovaijJAnika-dRSTi se bhI satya hai| jIvazAstra (Biology} ke anusAra, jIvana kA lakSaNa hai -Antarika aura bAhya-saMtulana ko banAe rkhnaa| phrAyaDa nAmaka suprasiddha manovaijJAnika kA kathana hai - caitta-jIvana aura snAyujIvana kA svabhAva yaha hai ki vaha vikSobha aura tanAva ko miTAkara samatva kI sthApanA karatA hai| vikSobha, tanAva aura mAnasika-dvandvoM se Upara uThakara zAnta, nirdvandva manaHsthiti ko prApta karanA -yaha hamArI svAbhAvika apekSA hai aura yahI dharma hai| AcArAMgasUtra001 meM "samiyAe dhamme AriyehiM paveie' kahakara dharma ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| kahA hai - samatA dharma hai, viSamatA adharma hai| jisa prakAra AtmA jJAna hai aura jJAna hI AtmA hai (appA NANaM, NANaM appA), usI taraha samatA, AtmA aura dharma bhI ekarUpa 2. kSamA Adi dasa prakAra ke bhAva dharma haiM - dharma se Azaya jahA~ vastu ke svabhAva se hai, vahIM kSamA Adi dasa sadguNa bhI dharma kahe gae haiN| uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya tathA brahmacarya - ye dasa dharma ginAe gae haiN| 1002 ye sabhI dharma vastutaH dharma kI apekSA dhArmika-karttavya haiM, jinake nirvAha se manuSya apane sva-svabhAva meM sthita ho sakatA hai| ye dasa dharma manuSya ke kartavyoM kI ora saMketa karate haiM ki use kyA karanA cAhie ? use apane svabhAva meM sthita hone ke lie dUsaroM ko kSamA kara denA cAhie, vinamra honA 100 AcArAMgasUtra -1/8/3 1002 1) uttamakhamamaddavajjava saccasauccaM ca saMjamaM cev| tavacAgamakiMcaNhaM, bamha idi dasaviho dhmmo|| - samaNasuttaM, gAthA 84 2) dasavidhe samaNadhamme paNNatte, taM jahA khaMtI, muttI, ajjave, maddave, lAghave, sacce, saMjame, tave, ciyAe, bNbhcervaase| -- sthAnAMgasUtra- 10/16 3) samavAyAMgasUtra, 10 4) uttamaH kSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatya - saMyamatapastyAgAkiMcanabrahmacaryANiH dharmaH / - tattvArthasUtra-9/6 5) dhRtiH kSamA damo'steyaM zaucamindriya nigrahaH / ghIrvidhA satyamakrodho dazakaM dharmalakSaNam / / -manusmRti 6) dvAdazAnuprekSA -71-80 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva cAhie, kuTilatA bacanA cAhie, kisI ke prati bhI mamatva nahIM rakhanA cAhie ityAdi / manuSya ke ye sabhI sAdhAraNa karttavya haiM | 446 ina karttavyoM meM kucha karttavya svayaM se saMbaMdhita haiM tathA kucha anya se| mArdava, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcana aura brahmacarya mUlataH vaiyaktika - sadguNa haiN| kSamA, Arjava, satyAdi sAmAjika - sadguNa ke sAtha vaiyaktika - sadguNa bhI haiN| cUMki samAja ke bIca meM koI spaSTa vibhAjana-rekhA nahIM ho sakatI, isalie ina sadguNoM ko bhI vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika- donoM koTiyoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| ye ekAntika - sadguNa nahIM haiM / dharma ke ina dasoM lakSaNoM meM se pratyeka ke sAtha 'uttama' vizeSaNa lagAyA jAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki dharma ke ye dasoM lakSaNa 'dharmasaMjJA' ko tabhI prApta kara pAeMge, jabaki ve 'uttama' zreNI ke hoNge| pUjA yA khyAti ke lie kSamA, mArdava, Arjava Adi ko jIvana-paddhati meM svIkAra kara lenA kabhI zuddha dharma kA svarUpa nahIM hai / ' cUMki unameM 'uttamatA' ho hI nahIM sakatI hai,' isalie ye dharma nahIM hoNge|' 1003 1004 1005 "aksara hama rAga-dveSa, ghRNA, Asakti, mamatva, tRSNA, kAma, krodha, ahaMkAra Adi ko adharma (pApa) kahate haiM aura kSamA, zAnti, anAsakti, nirveratA, vItarAgatA, virAgatA, nirAkulatA Adi ko dharma kahate haiM / " cUMki kSamA Adi dharma dhAraNa karane se nae karmoM kA AnA (Asrava) to banda ho hI jAtA hai, sAtha hI, pUrva meM baMdhe karma bhI nirjarita hone lagate haiM aura jIva ko 'mokSa-pada pAnA sahaja ho jAtA hai, isI Azaya se ina dasoM ko 'dharma' kahA gayA hai| 3. ratnatraya (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra) bhI dharma kA svarUpa haiM jainadarzana meM dasa sAmAnya dharmoM ke atirikta kucha vizeSa dharma bhI haiM, jo muniyoM aura sAmAnyajana ke lie alaga-alaga nirdhArita kie gae haiM, - 1003 ka) iSTa prayojanaparivarjanArthamuttamavizeSaNam / sarvArthasiddhi, -9/6 kha) rAjavArttika - 9/6/26 cAritrasAra - 58/1 dharma kA marma, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 16 1004 1005 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1006 jo dharma ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate haiN| dharma ke do rUpa mAne gae haiM 1. zrutadharma, 2. caaritrdhrm| zrutadharma kA eka artha hai jIvAdi tattvoM ke svarUpa kA jJAna aura unake prati zraddhA | cAritradharma kA artha hai saMyama aura tapa / cAritradharma do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai, eka anagAradharma aura dUsarA aagaardhrm| anagAradharma zramaNa-dharma yA munidharma hai, jabaki AgAra -dharma gRhastha yA upAsakadharma hai| 1007 dharma ke sambandha meM cAhe jitane hI mata banA lie jAeM, parantu jaba taka ve mokSa kA nimitta na baneM, taba taka ve eka tarkajAla hI mAne jAeMge / AgamAnusAra - dharma mokSa kA kAraNa tabhI bana pAtA hai, jaba vaha samyaktva se yukta ho / 11008 cAhe muni ho yA zrAvaka, dharmAcaraNa meM samyaktva honA jarUrI hai, tabhI vaha 'dharmasaMjJA ko prApta kara pAtA hai, kyoMki dAna, brahmacarya, upavAsa, aneka prakAra ke vrata, yahA~ taka ki muniliMga ko bhI dhAraNa karanA tabhI sArthaka hotA hai, jaba vyakti samyaktva se saMyukta ho| isake binA ye saba saMsAravRddhi ke kAraNa hote haiN| 1009 dharma kA carama lakSya mukti (mokSa) hai aura AtmA kI karmaphala kI vizuddhatA evaM moha evaM kSobha se rahitatA hI mokSa hai| mokSarUpI merU para pahuMcane ke lie ratnatraya - rUpI sIr3hiyA~ cAhie, tabhI vaha apane gantavya taka pahuMca sakatA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra ko ratnatraya kahA gayA hai| saccI zraddhA, saccA jJAna aura saccA AcaraNa hI mokSa kA mArga hai | 1010 samyagdarzana samasta ratnoM kA sArabhUta ratna evaM muktirUpI prAsAda para ArohaNa karane kA prathama sopAna hai samyagdarzana / vastutaH, 'samyakdarzana' zabda 1006 1007 1008 sthAnAMgasUtra - 2/1 vahI - 2 / 1 ka) eyArasadasabheyaM dhammaM sammattapuvvayaM maNiyaM / sAgArANagArANaM uttamaM suhasaMpajutte hi / / 1009 kha) na dharmastadvinA kvacit / - paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArddha, 717 dANaM pUjA sIlaM upavAsaM bahuvihaMpi khivaNaMpi / sammajudaM mokkhasuhaM sammaviNA dIhasaMsAraM / / - rayaNasAra, 10 samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / - tattvArthasUtra - 1/1 1010 447 - bAraha anuprekSA, 68 For Personal & Private Use Only

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448 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva samyaka+darzana -ina do zabdoM se milakara banA hai, jisakA sIdhA aura sarala artha hai - sahI DhaMga se yA acchI prakAra se dekhnaa| "vastusvarUpasya yaH nizcitiH tadarzanama, 1071 arthAt, tattva athavA padArtha apane svarUpa se jaise haiM, unako usI rUpa meM dekhanA samyagdarzana hai| rAga aura dveSa A~kha para car3he raMgIna cazme ke samAna haiM, jo satya ko vikRta karake prastuta karate haiN| vastutaH, rAga-dveSa aura pUrvAgraha ke ghere se Upara uThakara satya kA darzana karanA hI samyagdarzana hai| jaina-paramparA kI dRSTi se -(1) tattva ke yathArtha svarUpa para zraddhA karanA, (2) sudeva, suguru aura sudharma para zraddhA rakhanA, (3) Atmatattva para zraddhA rakhanA aura (4) jinezvara deva ke vacanoM para zraddhA rakhanA hI samyagdarzana hai, lekina hameM yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki dRSTi ke nirdoSa aura nirvikAra hone para hI satya kA yathArtha rUpa meM darzana hogA aura usa para. zraddhA yA AsthA hogii| samyakadarzana kA zraddhAparaka artha bhaktimArga ke prabhAva se jainadharma meM AyA hai| mUla artha to dRSTiparaka hI hai, lekina zraddhAparaka artha bhI sAdhanA ke lie kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| samasta jagat ke tattvoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna hI samyagdarzana hai,1012 athavA tattva-ruci bhI samyagdarzana hai| 1013 Apta, Agama aura tattvArtha-zraddhA se samyaktva kI upalabdhi hotI hai, 1014 isalie apane-apane svabhAva meM sthita tattvArtha ke zraddhAna ko samyagdarzana kahate haiN| samayasAra kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki jIvAdi jo nau tattva haiM, bhUtArthanaya se unako jAnanA evaM mAnanA hI samyagdarzana hai| 015 1011 jainadarzana, (samyak jJAna darzana cAritra ke pariprekSya meM) DaoN. sAdhvI subhASA, pR. 27 1012 tattvArtha zraddhAnaM smygdrshnm| -tattvArthasUtra- 1/2 1013 1) mokSapAhuDa - 38 2) jJAnArNava - 6/5 3) abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaMDa-5 pR. 24, 25 4) attAgamataccANaM saddahaNAdo haMvai sammata - niyamasAra, 5 1014 1) attAgamataccANaM, jaM saddahaNaM suNimmalaM hoi| saMkAidosarahiyaM, taM sammattaM muNeyavvaM / / - vasunandizrAvakAcAra, gAthA 6 1015 jIvAdIni navatattvAni bhUtArthenAbhigatAni smygdrshnm| -samayasAra, 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 449 AdhArabhUta tathya ko tattva kahate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra 1016 , yogazAstra017 aura navatattva-prakaraNa'018 meM bhI nau yA sAta tattvoM ke astitva meM sadbhAvapUrvaka zraddhA rakhanA hI 'samyaktva' hai| bRhadravyasaMgraha ke anusAra - jIva Adi padArthoM kA zraddhAna karanA samyaktva hai aura vahI AtmA kA svarUpa hai|1019 Age, isI sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki vItarAga sarvajJa zrI jinendra dvArA kahe hue jo zuddha jIva Adi tattva haiM, unameM cala, malina va avagAr3ha doSoM se rahita jo zraddhAna hai, ruci hai, athavA, 'jo jinendra ne kahA, vahI satya hai'- isa prakAra kI nizcayarUpa buddhi kA nAma samyagdarzana hai aura vaha samyagdarzana abhedanaya se AtmA kA svarUpa hai, arthAt AtmA kA pariNAma hai| 1020 AcArAMgasUtra meM samyagdarzana zabda AtmAnubhUti, AtmasAkSAtkAra, sAkSIbhAva Adi arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| 1021 AcArya kundakunda ke zabdoM meM - vyavahAranaya se jIvAdi tatvoM kA zraddhAna karanA samyaktva hai, kintu nizcayanaya se AtmA kA zraddhAna hI samyaktva hai| 1022 paravartIkAla meM jaina sAhitya meM prAyaH 'darzana' zabda deva, guru aura dharma ke prati zraddhA aura bhakti ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra -sudeva, suguru aura sudharma meM zraddhA samyaktva hai| 1023 samyaktva kI yaha vyAkhyA mukhyataH gRhastha-zrAvaka kI apekSA se kahI gaI hai, arthAt 1017 1016 tahiyANaM tu bhAvANaM, sambhAve uvesnnN| bhAveNa saddahaMtassae sammae taM viyAhiNaM / / -uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 28/15 rUcirjinoktatattveSu, smyshrddhaanmucyte| -yogazAstra- 19 (prathama prakAza) 1018 jIvAinavapatthe, jo jANai tassa hoi smmttN| bhAveNa saddahato, ayANamANevi smmttN|| - navatattvaprakaraNa, gAthA 51 1019 jIvAdIsaddahaNaM sammattaM rUvamappaNo taM tu - bRhdadravyasaMgraha, gAthA 41 (pUrvAddha) 1020. jIvAdIsadhaNaM sammattaM vItarAgasarvajJapraNItazuddhajIvaditattvaviSaye calamalinAvagAr3harahitatvena zraddhAnaM rUcinizcayaidamevetthameveti nizcayabuddhiH smygdrshnm| "rUvamappaNo taM tu taccAbhedanayena rUpaM svarUpaM tu punaH, kasyAtmana AtmapariNAma ityrthH| - bRhadadravyasaMgraha, vyAkhyA, tRtIya adhikAra, gAthA 41, pR. 130 1021 AcArAMgasUtra - 3/2/28, aMgasuttANi, lADanUM, khaMDa-1, pR. 29 1) jIvAdIsaddahaNa sammataM, jiNavarehiM pnnnntN| vavahArANicchayado; appANaM havai sammattaM / / -darzanapAhuDa, 20 2) sarvAthasiddhi / tAtparyavRtti-155/220/11 1023 yA deve devatAbuddhi, gurau ca gurUtAmatiH, dharme ca dharmadhIH zuddhA, samktva midmucyte| -yogazAstra- 3/2 1022 For Personal & Private Use Only

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450 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zrAvaka ko arihaMtadeva ke prati puNya-bhAva, suguru ke prati sevA-bhakti ke pariNAma tathA dharmatattva ke prati anuSThAna-bhAva rakhanA caahie| isa prakAra, deva, guru evaM dharma meM zraddhA rakhanA samyaktva hai| 1024 mokSapAhuDa, 1025 AvazyakasUtra1026, kArtikeyAnuprekSA1027, yogazAstra1028 Adi meM aThAraha doSoM se virahita sudeva, nirgrantha pravacana arthAt mokSamArga ke upadezaka suguru tathA hiMsA Adi se rahita sudharma haiM, ina sabhI meM zraddhA kA honA samyagdarzana hai| saMkSepa meM, tattva ke do bheda haiM,1029 eka-jIva aura duusraa-ajiiv| jIva kA lakSya ziva hai, kintu usakA bAdhaka tattva ajIva hai| jIva' ziva bananA cAhatA hai, para ajIva-tattva jIva meM paya-pAnIvat ghula-mila jAne ke kAraNa jIva apanA zuddha svarUpa pahacAna nahIM pAtA hai| vaha anAdi/anantakAla se apane azuddha rUpa ko hI zuddha rUpa samajhane kI bhayaMkara bhUla kara rahA hai, apane-Apako zuddha caitanyasvarUpa na mAnakara zarIra se, indriyoM se, mana se karmodayajanita manuSya-paryAyoM Adi se abhinna samajhatA rahA hai, jo mithyA dhAraNA hai| ise hI jaina-dArzanikoM ne mithyAtva kahA hai| 1030 rAtri ke andhakAra ko dUra kie binA jaise sahastrarazmi sUrya' udita nahIM hotA, vaise hI mithyAtvarUpI andhakAra ko naSTa kie binA samyagdarzana utpanna nahIM hotaa| 1031 jaba AtmA meM samyagdarzana kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, taba vaha AtmA jIva aura ajIva kA pRthaktva samajha letA hai| maiM jar3a nahIM cetana hU~, merA svarUpa zuddha cetanA hai, mujhameM rAga, dveSa Adi kI jo vikRti hai, vaha jar3a ke saMsarga se hai, maiM samprati karmoM se baddha hU~, kintu karmoM ko naSTa kara eka dina maiM avazya hI mukta banUMgA -isa prakAra kI niSThA usake antarmAnasa meM 1024 dharmasaMgraha, prathama bhAra 1025 1026 1027 1028 hiMsA rahita dhamme aTThArahadosavajjie deve| niggaMtha pavvayaNe sahRhaNaM hoi sammataM / / -mokSapAhuDa, mUla 90 arihanto maha devo, jAvajjIvaM susAhuNo guruunno| jiNapaNNataM tattaM ia sammattaM mae gahiyaM / / - AvazyakasUtra kArtikeyAnuprekSA, mUla, 317 yA deve devatAbuddhigurau ca gurUtAmatiH / dharme ca dharmadhIH zuddhA smyktvmidmucyte|| -yogazAstra- 2/2 jIvarAsI ceva ajIvarAsI ceva -sthAnAMgasUtra- 2/4/95 mithyA viparItA dRSTiryasya sa mithyaadRssttiH| -karmagrantha TIkA-2 anirdUya tamo naiza; yathA nodyte'shumaan| tathAnudbhidya mithyAtvatamo nodeti drshnm|| -mahApurANa-119/9/200 1029 1030 1031 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 451 jAgrata hotI hai aura yahI bhAvanA samyagdarzana ko nirmala kara mokSa-patha para agrasara karatI hai| jainadarzana meM samyagdarzana-prApti ke do kAraNa haiM - eka, naisargika aura dUsarA, adhigamika'032 | jo dUsare ke upadeza ke binA svayaM apane Apa se utpanna hotA hai, use naisargika-samyagdarzana kahate haiM tathA guru Adi ke upadeza -zravaNa, manana, adhyayana yA paropadeza se jo niSThA jAgrata hotI hai, vaha adhigamika-samyagdarzana hai| samyagdarzana ke lakSaNa1033 - jainadarzana meM samyaktva ke guNa-rUpa pAMca lakSaNa svIkAra kie haiN| kisI prANI meM samyagdarzana hai yA nahIM, isakI pahacAna ke lie jJAniyoM ne sama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA va AstikyarUpI lakSaNoM kA varNana kiyA hai| samyagdarzana ke guNoM (lakSaNa) kA vivecana isa prakAra hai - 1. sama - - sama kA abhiprAya hai- smtaa| sabhI prANiyoM ko apane hI samAna smjhnaa| 'zama' kA abhiprAya krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA nigraha karanA tathA mithyAgraha, durAgraha kA zamana hai| 'zrama' yahA~ puruSArtha aura parizrama -donoM hI rUpoM meM varNita hai| samyaktvI apanI AtmA kI unnati ke lie kisI anya kI sahAyatA kI apekSA na karake svayaM hI puruSArtha karatA hai aura parizrama karake mokSamArga para agrasara hotA hai| 2. saMvega - jisase . kaSAyoM kA vega 'sama' ho jAe, vahI saMvega hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra 1034 ke TIkAkAroM ne saMvega kA artha mokSa kI abhilASA 1032 1) tannisargAdadhigamAdvA - tattvArthasUtra- 1/3 .:. 2) jJAnArNava - 6/6 3) sthAnAMgasUtra - 2/1/70 4) paMcAdhyAyI - 2/658-659 5) anagAradharmAmRta - 2/47/171 1033 __ shm-sNveg-nirvedaa'nukmpaa''stikylkssnnaiH| lakSaNe: paMcabhiH samyaka smyktvmuplkssyte|| - yogazAstra- 2/15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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452 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva (ruci) kiyA hai| vastutaH, mana meM krodha Adi ke bhAva (vega) Ane para pratikriyA nahIM karanA hI saMvega (sam+vega) hai| saMvega ke mokSAbhilASI artha ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya rAmacandrasUri likhate haiM -"daivIya-sukhoM ko bhI duHkharUpa mAnanA (jo yathArtha meM sukhAbhAsa hai, kintu pariNAmataH duHkhasvarUpa hai) tathA ekamAtra mokSa kA sukha hI saccA sukha hai -aisA mAnakara evaM mokSa ke svarUpa ko jAnakara use prApta karane kI tIvra abhilASA rakhanA hI saMvega hai| 1035 3. nirveda - . yaha samyaktva kA tIsarA lakSaNa hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI TIkAoM meM nirveda kA artha viSayoM se virakti hai, arthAt sAMsArika-pravRttiyoM ke prati udAsIna-bhAva nirveda hai| nirveda sAdhanA--mArga meM agrasara hone meM atyanta sahAyaka hotA hai| isase niSkAma bhAvanA tathA anAsakta-dRSTi kA vikAsa hotA hai| 'nirgata veda yasmin sa nirveda', vyutpattiparaka vyAkhyA ke anusAra - krodha Adi kaSAyoM ke vedana kA abhAva nirveda hai, arthAt mana meM krodha Adi se sambandhita saMkalpa-vikalpa kA abhAva honA nirveda hai| nirveda ke prabhAva se jIva Arambha kA parityAga kara saMsAra-mArga kA viccheda karatA hai aura mukti ko upalabdha karatA hai|1036 4. anukampA - 'anukampA' zabda anu+kampana ke yoga se banA hai; 'anu' arthAt tadanusAra evaM 'kampana' arthAt anubhuuti| isa prakAra, dUsare vyakti kI anubhUti kA svAnubhUti meM badala jAnA anukampA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, kisI prANI ke duHkha se pIr3ita hone para usI ke anurUpa duHkha kI anubhUti kA honA anukampA hai| ise samAnubhUti bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| paropakAra kI pravRtti mUlataH anukampA ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| anukampA se hI 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' kA udghoSa sphuTita hotA hai| 1034 1035 1036 uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA (zAntyAcArya), patra 577 samyagdarzana, rAmacandrasUri, pR.-284 1) uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 29/3 2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna pariprekSya meM usakA mahatva, sAdhvI DaoN. vinIta prajJA, pR. 310 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 453 5. Astikya - 'asti bhAvaM Astikyam' - astitva (sattA) meM vizvAsa Astikya hai| asti-hai; zAzvata rUpa se hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, nau tattvoM evaM SaTadravyoM kI sattA ko svIkAra karane vAlA hI Astikya hai| samyagdarzana kA mahattva - mAnava-jIvana ke vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika -donoM kSetroM meM samyagdarzana kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yathArtha dRSTikoNa evaM samyakazraddhAna ke abhAva meM jIvana kI AdhyAtmika-vikAsayAtrA asambhava hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samyagdarzana kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue ise mokSa kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai -"darzana arthAt anubhUti ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA, jJAna ke binA cAritra prApta nahIM hotA aura cAritra ke binA mokSa (karmakSaya) nahIM hotA hai|"1057 isa saMdarbha meM manusmRti meM bhI kahA gayA hai -"samyagdRSTisampanna vyakti ko karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA hai, lekina samyagdarzana se vihIna vyakti saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai|" 1038 bauddhadarzana meM bhI mithyA dRSTikoNa ko saMsAra kA kinArA evaM samyaka dRSTikoNa ko nirvANa kA kinArA mAnA gayA hai| 1039 samyagdarzana ke zraddhAparaka artha ke sandarbha meM gItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai- 'zraddhAvAllabhate jJAnam', arthAt zraddhAvAn hI jJAna ko prApta karatA hai| 1040 AdhyAtmayogI AnandaghanajI likhate haiM ki jisa prakAra rAkha para lIpanA vyartha hai, usI prakAra zuddha zraddhA ke binA samasta kriyA vyartha hai,141 isIlie 'samyagdarzana' ko 'mukti kA adhikAra-patra' kahA jAtA hai| 1042 samyagdarzana jIvana kI amUlya nidhi hai| jise yaha amUlya nidhi prApta ho jAtI hai, vaha zUdra bhI devatulya hai - aisA tIrthaMkaroM ne kahA hai| 1043 Is 1038 1039 1040 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 28/30 samyakadarzana sampannaH karmabhirna nibaddhayate, darzanena vihInastu, saMsAraM prtipdyte| -manusmRti- 6/74 aMguttaranikAya - 10/12, uddhata-jaina bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana gItA - 17/3 Anandaghana caubIsI-stavana jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, dvibhAga, DaoN.sAgaramala jaina, pR.51 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-28 1041 1042 1043 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kahA jAtA hai ki zrIkRSNa ke pAsa sudarzana cakra thA, jisase sampUrNa zatruoM ko parAjita karake ve trikhaNDa ke adhipati bana ge| yadi AtmArUpI kRSNa ke bhI samyagdarzanarUpI sudarzanacakra hai, to vaha bhI kaSAyarUpI zatruoM ko parAjita kara eka dina trilokInAtha bana sakatA hai| kahA gayA hai ki dharmarUpI motI samyagdarzanarUpI sIpa meM hI panapatA hai / 454 samyagjJAna - ratnatraya meM dUsarA ratna samyagjJAna hai, jo dharma ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karatA hai| sabhI AdhyAtmika - darzanoM meM jJAna ko AtmA kA mUla guNa mAnA gayA hai| jJAna ke dvArA hI vyakti apane hita-ahita, ucita - anucita, zreya-preya athavA heya - jJeya evaM upAdeya kA bodha prApta kara sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM jJAna ko mukti kA ananya sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| jJAna ajJAna evaM mohajanya andhakAra ko naSTa kara sarvatathyoM (yathArthatA) ko prakAzita karatA hai| satya ke svarUpa ko samajhane kA ekameva sAdhana jJAna hI hai / AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - jJAna hI manuSya - jIvana kA sAra hai, 1045 lekina dharma ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie evaM mokSamArga kI sAdhanA ke lie samIcIna jJAna kaunasA hai, ise jAnane ke lie jJAna ke svarUpa kA saMkSipta vivecana Avazyaka hai / 1044 1047 jaina-dharmadarzana meM jJAna ke do rUpa mAne gae haiM - 1. samyakjJAna, 2. mithyaajnyaan| samyakjJAna ke lie jo AdhAra prastuta kiyA gayA, vaha yaha hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezarUpa gaNadharapraNIta jainAgama yathArthajJAna hai aura zeSa mithyAjJAna hai, 1046 kintu ekAntataH aisA bhI nahIM hai| nandIsUtra " aura abhidhAna rAjendrakoza meM kahA hai ki eka yathArtha dRSTikoNa vAle (samyakadRSTi ) ke lie mithyA zruta (jainetara Agama grantha) bhI samyak zruta hai, jabaki eka mithyAdRSTi ke lie samyakazruta bhI mithyAzruta hai| jainAcAryoM ne yaha dhAraNA prastuta kI thI ki yadi vyakti kA dRSTikoNa zuddha hai, 1048 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 32/2 -darzanapAhuDa, 31 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaNDa-7, pR. 515 nandIsUtra, sUtra, 41 1) abhidhAna rAjendrakoza, khaNDa-7, pR. 514 2) jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 72 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 455 satyAnveSI hai, to usako jo bhI jJAna prApta hogA, vaha bhI samyaka hogaa| isake viparIta, jisakA dRSTikoNa durAgraha, durabhiniveza se yukta hai, jisameM yathArtha lakSyonmukhatA aura AdhyAtmika-jijJAsA kA abhAva hai, usakA jJAna mithyAjJAna hai| jainadarzana meM mokSamArga ke lie upayogI jJAna ko hI samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai| jisa jJAna se AtmasvarUpa kA bodha nahIM hotA, athavA heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA viveka nahIM hotA, vaha jJAna mithyArUpa hotA hai evaM mokSaprApti ke lie anupayogI hotA hai|1049 jisa vyakti meM jJAna aura prajJA hotI hai, vahI nirvANa ke samIpa hotA hai| gItAkAra kA kathana hai ki ajJAnI, azraddhAlu aura saMzayayukta vyakti vinAza ko prApta hote haiM, 1050 jabaki jJAnarUpI naukA kA Azraya lekara pApI-se-pApI vyakti pAparUpI samudra se pAra ho jAtA hai| 1051 jJAnAgni samasta karmoM ko bhasma kara detI hai| 1052 isa jagat meM jJAna ke samAna pavitra karane vAlA anya kucha nahIM hai|1053 vastutaH, samyagjJAna hI sacce dharma aura sukha kA kAraNa hai| jaba taka samyagjJAna nahIM hotA, taba taka. vikAroM kA vinAza hokara vicAroM kA vikAsa nahIM hotA, isIlie dazavaikAlikasUtra meM spaSTa kahA hai ki pahale jJAna hai, phira dayA arthAt caaritr| 1054 isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki samyagjJAna kA sthAna cAritra se bhI pahale hai| samyakacAritra - nizcayadRSTi se cAritra kA saccA artha samabhAva yA samatva kI upalabdhi hai| jainadarzana meM caritra hI dharma hai- cArittaM khalu dhmmo| isa dharma ke ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa- ye tIna bheda haiN| 1056 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 dhammapada - 372 gItA-4/40 vhI -4/36 vahI -4/36 vhI -4/36 paDhamaM NAma tao dayA, evaM ciTThai savvasaMjae" -dazavaikAlikasUtra-4/10 pravacanasAra, gAthA 7 dhammo maMgalamukkiTaM ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| -dazavaikAlikasUtra- 1/1 1054 1055 1056 For Personal & Private Use Only

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456 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kahA gayA hai - 'jo karma ke caya (saMcaya) ko rikta kare, vaha cAritra hai|1057 caritra kI yahI vyAkhyA nizIthabhASya meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| 1058 AdhyAtmika-jIvana kI pUrNatA cAritra ke mAdhyama se hI prApta hotI hai| AcArAMganiyukti meM kahA gayA hai - jJAna kA sAra AcaraNa hai aura AcaraNa kA sAra nirvANa yA paramArtha kI upalabdhi hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra, citta athavA AtmA kI vAsanAjanya malinatA aura asthiratA ko samApta karanA samyakacAritra hai|1059 vastutaH, citra kA sambandha zarIra se va caritra kA sambandha AtmA se hai| bhAratIya-janamAnasa citra ko Adara kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai, phira bhI vaha citra kI pratiSThA meM utanA zraddhAvAn nahIM, jitanA caritra meM hai, kyoMki caritra guNa ko pratibimbita karatA hai aura samyak AcaraNa hI vyakti ko dharma meM sthira karatA hai| dUsare artha meM, svarUpa meM ramaNa karanA hI cAritra hai, yahI vastu kA svabhAva hone se dharma hai| 1000 dravya jisa samaya jisa bhAva-rUpa arthAta paryAya meM pariNamana karatA hai, usa samaya vaha usI rUpa meM hotA hai -aisA kahA gayA hai, isalie dharmapariNata AtmA ko dharma samajhanA caahie| AdhyAtma-sAdhanA meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra -ina tInoM kA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| 1067 dRSTi kI vizuddhi se jJAna vizuddha hotA hai 1062 aura jJAna kI vizuddhi se hI cAritra nirmala hotA hai1063 aura ina tInoM ke sammilita artha ko dharma kahate haiN| 1057 1058 1059 1060 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 28/33 nizIthabhASya, uddhata jainadarzana aura kabIra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 125 1) AcArAMganiyukti -244 2) jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra-darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2, pR. 84 svarUpe caraNaM caaritrN| svasamaya pravRttiriktarthaH tadeva vstusvbhaavtmaaddhrm| - pravacanasAra, gAthA 7-8 tivihe samme paNNatte, taM jahA-NANasamme, daMsaNasamme crittsmme| -sthAnAMgasUtra3/4/114 nAdaMsaNissa nANaM - uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 28/30 nANeva vinA na huMti caraNaguNA - vahI- 28/30 1061 1062 1063 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 4. jIvoM kI rakSA karanA dharma hai 1064 dharma kA caturtha svarUpa jIvoM kI rakSA karanA hai / bhAratIya - cintakoM ne aura jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA jitanI gaharAI se cintana kiyA hai, utanA vizva ke anya vicArakoM ne nahIM / "ahiMsA paramo dharmaH" - ahiMsA hI paramadharma hai| ahiMsA AtmA kA avalokana hai, jIvana kI pavitratA hai, mana kA mAdhurya hai, maitrI kA mUlamantra hai, sneha, sauhArdra aura sadbhAvanA kA sUtra hai, dharma - saMskRti, samAja kA prANa hai aura sAdhanA kA patha hai / 1065 1066 1067 1068 'hiMsA' zabda hananArthaka 'hiMsi' dhAtu se banA hai| hiMsA kA artha haipramatta yoga se dUsaroM ke prANoM kA apaharaNa karanA, duSprayukta mana, vacana yA kAyA ke yogoM se prANa - vyaparopaNa karanA / ahiMsA kA artha haiprANAtipAta se virati / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke anusAra, jJAnI hone kA sAra yaha hai ki kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kre| ahiMsA hI samagra dharma kA sAra hai, ise sadaiva smaraNa rakhanA cAhie / ' AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA hai- bhUta, bhaviSya aura varttamAna ke sabhI arhat yaha upadeza karate haiM ki kisI bhI prANa, bhUta, jIva aura sattva ko kisI prakAra kA paritApa, udvega yA duHkha nahIM denA cAhie, na kisI kA hanana karanA cAhie - yahI zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai / samasta loka kI pIr3A ko jAnakara arhatoM ne isakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| vastutaH, ahiMsA kA mUlAdhAra jIvana ke prati sammAna, samatvabhAvanA evaM advaita - bhAvanA hai| samatvabhAva se sahAnubhUti tathA advaitavAda se AtmIyatA utpanna hotI hai, jo ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| sabhI prANI jIvita rahanA cAhate haiM, koI maranA nahIM cAhatA, ataH nirgrantha prANavadha (hiMsA) kA niSedha karate haiN| 1 11070 jaina- vicAraNA hiMsA ke do pakSoM se vicAra karatI hai / prathama, dravyahiMsA aura dvitIya, bhAvahiMsA / hiMsA kA bAhya-pakSa dravyahiMsA hai aura hiMsA kA vicAra karanA bhAvahiMsA kahalAtA hai / yaha eka mAnasika avasthA hai, jo pramAdajanya hai| AcArya amRtacandra hiMsA ke 1069 457 1064 mahAbhArata- 11/13 1065 pramattayogAt prANavyaparohaNaM hiMsA / - tattvArthasUtra 7/13 1066 maNavayakAehi joehiM duppauttehi jaM pANavavaropaNaM kajjai sA hiMsA / - dazavaikAlika, jinadAsacUrNi, prathama adhyAya ahiMsA nAma pANativAyaviratI dazavaikAlika, jinadAsacUrNi, pR. 15 1067 1068 1069 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra- 1/4/10 AcArAMgasUtra- 1/4/1/127 dazavaikAlika - 6/11 1070 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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458 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva bhAvAtmaka-pakSa para bala dete hue hiMsA-ahiMsA kI paribhASA isa prakAra karate haiM -rAgAdi kaSAyoM kA abhAva ahiMsA hai aura unakA utpanna honA hI hiMsA hai| yahI jaina-AgamoM kA sAra hai| 071 jisa prakAra hAthI ke paira meM saba prANiyoM ke paira samA jAte haiM. usI prakAra ahiMsA meM saba dharmoM ke artha va tattva samA jAte haiN| aisA samajhakara jo ahiMsA kA pratipAlana karate haiM, ve nitya aMmRta (mokSa) meM vAsa karate haiN| 1072 abhiprAya yaha hai ki sabhI dharmoM ne, paMthoM ne, santoM aura maharSiyoM ne eka svara meM ahiMsA ke mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ahiMsA dharma, saMskRti, samAja aura rASTra ke yogakSema kA mUlAdhAra hai| ahiMsA ke abhAva meM dharma, saMskRti, samAja aura rASTra kA koI bhI mUlya nahIM hai| ahiMsA eka amRtakalaza ke samAna hai, jisakA svAda sabhI ke lie madhura hai, madhuratama hai| jahA~ ahiMsA hai, maitrI hai, karuNA hai, dayA hai, sneha hai, sauhArdra hai, sadbhAvanA hai, vahIM sarvodaya hai aura jahA~ sarvodaya hai, vahIM zAnti hai, sukha hai aura vahIM dharma hai| dharma ke svarUpa kI vistRta vyAkhyA ke antargata hamane dharma ke vastu-svabhAvarUpa, kSamAdi sadguNoMrUpa, ratnatrayarUpa aura ahiMsArUpa -ina sabhI ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| yadi hama dhyAna se dekheM, to dharma ke svarUpa kI ye vyAkhyAeM mUla meM vastu-svabhAvarUpa paribhASA kA hI vistAra hai| antataH, kSamA Adi sadguNa, ratnatraya aura ahiMsA AtmA ke hI to svabhAva haiN| eka svabhAva ke kathana meM anya svabhAvoM kA kathana svataH hI sammilita ho jAtA hai, ataH isa svabhAva kI prApti meM sahAyaka tattva bhI upacArarUpa se dharma ke svarUpa hI mAne jAte haiN| 1071 1072 oghaniyukti, 754 yathA nAgapade'nyAni padAni padagAminAm / sarvANyevApi dhAryante padajAtAni kaunyjre|| evaM sarvamahiMsAyAM dharmArthamapi dhiiyte| amataH sa nityaM vasati yo'hiMsA prtipdyte|| - mahAbhArata- 12/237/18/19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dharma kI jIvana meM upAdeyatA manuSya eka sAmAjika - prANI hai / samAja se alaga-thalaga rahanA usake lie na ucita hai aura na hI sNbhv| samAja meM rahate hue samAja ke lie adhika-se-adhika upayogI banA raha sake, isI meM usake jIvana kI upAdeyatA hai, sArthakatA hai, jo dharma se hI saMbhava hai / svastha citta vAle vyaktiyoM se hI svastha samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai, asvastha vyakti vahI hai, jisakA mana vikAroM se vikRta rahatA hai, ataH sukhI - svastha samAja kA nirmANa karane ke lie vyakti-vyakti ke citta ko nirmala karanA nitAMta Avazyaka hai| eka-eka vyakti svastha evaM svaccha-citta ho, zAMtacitta ho, to hI samagra samAja kI zAMti banI raha sakatI hai| dharma isa vyaktigata zAMti ke lie eka anupama sAdhana hai aura isI kAraNa vizva - zAMti kA bhI ekamAtra sAdhana hai| AdaraNIya satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA kA kathana hai - dharma na hindU bauddha hai, dharma na muslima jaina / dharma citta kI zuddhatA, sukha, zAMti aura caina / / 1073 dharma kA artha saMpradAya nahIM hai| saMpradAya to manuSya - manuSya aura varga-varga ke bIca dIvAreM khar3I karane evaM vibhAjana paidA karane kA kAma karatA hai, jabaki zuddha dharma dIvAroM ko tor3atA hai, vibhAjanoM ko dUra karatA hai| zuddha dharma manuSya ke bhItara samAe hue ahaMbhAva athavA hInabhAva ko jar3a se ukhAr3a pheMkatA hai, mAnava mana kI AzaMkAeM uttejanAeM, udvignatAeM dUra karatA hai aura use svacchatA aura nirmalatA ke dharAtala para pratiSThita karatA hai I dharma manuSya kI AdhyAtmika - AvazyakatA hai| yaha vaha viziSTa mAdhyama hai, jisake dvArA manuSya satya, ziva aura sundara ke pUrNa svarUpa kI khoja karatA hai| dharma mAnava - astitva ke uccatama mUlyoM ke sAtha vyakti kA sIdhA aura sahaja samparka sthApita karane kA sAdhana hai / " dharma eka Adarza jIvana-zailI hai, sukha se rahane kI pAvana paddhati hai, zAnti prApta karane kI vimala vidyA hai tathA sarvajana - kalyANI AcArasaMhitA hai, " 1073 jo sabake lie hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -dharma jalAzaya hai aura brahmacarya ghATa (tIrtha) hai, usameM snAna karane se AtmA zAnta, nirmala aura zuddha ho dharma jIvana jIne kI kalA, satyanArAyaNa goyanakA, pR. 7 - 459 For Personal & Private Use Only

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460 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jAtI hai|1074 isI prakAra, bauddhadarzana meM bhI sacce snAna kA artha mana, vANI aura kAyA se sadguNoM kA sampAdana mAnA gayA hai| 1975 na kevala jaina aura bauddha-paramparA meM, varan vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha vicAra prabala thA ki dharma citta kI yathArtha zuddhi yA AtmA ke sadguNoM ke vikAsa meM nihita hai| Atmazuddhi yA vikAramuktatA dharma se hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| mAnava-jIvana meM dharma kI upAdeyatA atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| dharma ne hI mAnava kI AdhyAtmika aura naitika-cetanA ko jAgrata kara usake jIvana ko suvyavasthita kiyA hai| mahAn vidvAna kAlidAsa ne dharma ko 'trivarga' kA sAra kahA hai| 1076 artha aura kAma kI pUrtti dharma dvArA hI hotI hai| mAnava-itihAsa kI pRSThabhUmi para dRSTipAta karane se pratIta hotA hai ki dharma mAnava-jAti kA vaha sahAyaka, saMrakSaka aura saMbala hai, jo usake samasta duHkhoM kA samUla nAza kara zAnti aura sauhArdra kI utpatti karatA hai| 1. dharma vyakti ko ucca sthiti meM sthira karatA hai dharma vyakti ko saMsaraNAtmaka-jagat se Upara uThAkara nirvikAra zuddha caitanyabhAva meM pahuMcA detA hai| jisa taraha gIle bichAvana para par3e ro rahe bAlaka ko usake mAtA-pitA dUsare svaccha aura mulAyama bichAvana para liTA dete haiM, usI prakAra sAMsArika-bandhana meM par3e duHkhI mAnava ko dharma AdhyAtma ke nirmala, svaccha aura uccapada para AsIna kara detA hai| dharma manuSya kI vyAvahArika-jIvana kI arthahInatA aura kSaNabhaMguratA kA pATha par3hAtA hai aura use isa tathya kA jJAna detA hai ki isa jagat se bhI pare eka ucca AdhyAtmika-jagat hai, vahI manuSya kA Adarza sthAna hai| isa Adarza sthAna ko prApta karanA manuSya kA pramukha aura sarvocca lakSya hai| dharma manuSya ko vyAvahArika-jIvana ke duHkhoM aura kaSToM ko dUra kara unheM sahana karane kI zakti pradAna karatA hai| 1074 1075 1076 dhamme harae, baMbhe santititthe aNavile attpsnnlese| jahiMsi bahAo vimalo visuddho susIibhUo pajahAmi dos|| -uttarAdhyayanasUtra-12/46 jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA talanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 497 anena dharmaH savizeSamadyaH me| trivarga sAraH pratibhAti bhaavini| tvayA manonirviSayArtha kaamyaa| yadeka evaM pratigRhya sevyte|| -kAlidAsa, kumArasaMbhavam-5/38 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 461 2. dharma vyakti ke vikAsa kA advitIya sAdhana hai - DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ne dharma ko vyakti ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne dharma kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai"yaha cAroM vargoM ke aura cAroM AzramoM ke sadasyoM dvArA jIvana ke cAra prayojanoM (dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa) ke sambandha meM pAlana karane yogya manuSya kA samUcA karttavya hai| jahA~ sAmAjika-vyavasthA kA sarvocca lakSya hai ki manuSya ko AdhyAtmika-pUrNatA aura pavitratA kI sthiti taka pahuMcAne ke lie prazikSaNa liyA jAe, vahA~ isakA eka atyAvazyaka lakSya isake sAMsArika-lakSya ke kAraNa isa prakAra kI sAmAjika-dazAoM kA vikAsa karanA bhI hai, jinameM janasamudAya naitika, bhautika aura bauddhika- jIvana ke aise stara taka pahuMca sake, jo sabakI bhalAI evaM zAnti ke lie ho, kyoMki yaha dazA pratyeka vyakti ko apane jIvana aura apanI svataMtratA ko adhikAdhika vAstavika banAne meM sahAyatA detI hai|" 1077 inhIM mArgoM se / calakara vyakti apanA vikAsa karatA hai, ataH dharma vyakti ke vikAsa kA advitIya sAdhana hai| 3. dharma vyakti ko tanAvoM se mukta karatA hai - mAnava-mana kI azAnti aura duHkha ke kAraNoM ke mUla meM mAnasika tanAva yA manovega hI mukhya haiN| mAnava-mana kI azAnti evaM usake adhikAMza duHkha kaSAyajanita haiM, ataH zAnta aura sukhI jIvana ke lie mAnasika-tanAvoM evaM manovegoM se mukti pAnA Avazyaka hai| dharma vyakti ke tanAvoM ko mukta karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| dharma vyakti ke jIvana meM samatva kI sthApanA karatA hai aura kaSAyoM ko prazama karatA hai, isase vyakti tanAvoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| kitanA bhI krodhI vyakti paramAtmA ke mandira meM praveza karatA hai, to usakA krodha zAnta ho jAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki dharma vyakti ke tanAvoM ko mukta karatA hai| 4. dharma vyakti ko sadguNoM se yukta banAtA hai - dharma mAnava ke sampUrNa vyaktitva ko samyaka dizA pradAna kara bhautika aura AdhyAtmika-vijaya prApta karAtA hai| dharma meM saccI AsthA 1077 sarvapallI DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana kA dharma evaM darzana, DaoN. DI.e. gaMgAdhara, pR. 53 For Personal & Private Use Only

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462 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva rakhane vAlA vyakti dharma ke prati lagAe gae AkSepoM se vicalita nahIM hotA hai| dhArmika AsthA kI anivAryatA para bala dete hue mahAtmA gA~dhI ne yahA~ taka kaha DAlA hai -"dharma-bhAvanA ke binA koI bhI bar3A kArya nahIM huA hai aura na kabhI bhaviSya meM hogaa| 1078 manuSya kI samasta upalabdhiyA~ dharma ke sahayoga se paripUrNa hotI haiM aura eka ujjvala bhaviSya kA saMdeza detI haiN| vastutaH, dharma mAnavamAtra kA kalyANakartA hai| yadi dharma ko mAnava-jIvana se pRthak kara diyA jAe, to mAnava barbara ho jaaegaa| usake jIvana kA artha aura mUlya samApta ho jAegA aura usake astitva kI upAdeyatA naSTa ho jaaegii| dharma vyakti ko sadguNoM se yukta banAtA hai| yadi dharma ke prati zraddhA aura vizvAsa sahI aura naiSTika hai, to satya Izvara ke darzana hoNge| manuSya ko dharma ke prati pUrNa AsthAvAn honA usakI unnati aura vikAsa ke lie atyanta mahattva rakhatA hai| 5. dharma zAnti kI sthApanA karatA hai - dharma mAnava-mAnava se prema aura vizva-bandhutva kI bhAvanA ko jAgrata karatA hai tathA ekatA aura zAnti kA saMcAra karatA hai| Adhunika yuga bhautika-vikAsa kA yuga hai, bhautikatA aura Adhunika vastuoM kI pratispardhA ke kAraNa vyakti azAnta banA huA hai| vyakti kI icchA, AkAMkSA, tRSNA, Adhunika navIna sAdhanoM ke prati mUrchA, lAlasA ne azAnti kI jvAlA vikarAla kara dI hai| paga-paga para vyakti pIr3A aura kaSToM ko jhelatA hai| vaha jAnatA hai, para pakar3atA usI Aga ko hai, jo use nirantara jalA rahI hai| isa kAraNa, samAja ke pratyeka ghaTaka meM ghRNA, avizvAsa, mAnasika tanAva va azAnti ke bIja prasphuTita ho rahe haiN| vartamAna yuga meM manuSya apanI AvazyakatAoM yA icchAoM ko asImita rUpa meM bar3hAkara phira unakI pUrti hetu mArA-mArA phiratA hai aura sukha prApti kI AzA karatA hai| yaha to marubhUmi meM pyAsa bujhAne ke samAna hai| icchAoM kI vRddhi meM sukha nahIM, varan unake saMyama aura santoSa meM hI sukha hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai sva saMtuSTaH svadharmastho yaH sarve sukhamedhate / / 1079 1078 1079 nIti : dharmaH darzana (gAMdhIjI) sampA. rAmanAtha 'sumana', pR. 143 mahAbhArata For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 463 jo AtmasantoSI aura apane dharma meM sthita hai, vahI sukha prApta karatA hai| kavi rahIma ne kahA hai - godhana, gajadhana, bAjidhana aura ratanadhana khaan| jaba Ave santoSa dhana, saba dhana dhUri smaan|| jIvana meM jisa sukha aura zAnti kI prApti kI apekSA hameM hai, vaha na to isa lakSyavihIna bhautika-daur3a se prApta ho sakatI hai aura na AvazyakatAoM ko nirbAdha gati se bar3hAne se| vastutaH, vAstavika sukhazAnti to andara hI hai aura dharma isa zAnti kI sthApanA karatA hai| 6. dharma pArivArika aura sAmAjika-jIvana meM samarasatA lAtA hai - bhAratavarSa dharmapradhAna deza hai| bhArata kI yaha khyAti Adhunika bhAratIya-jIvana ke kAraNa nahIM, varan isa kAraNa hai ki prAcInakAla se bhArata kI prajA kA jIvana dharma se anuprANita rahA hai| jaba se mAnava-samAja kA nirmANa huA, sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA bhI abhyudaya huA, tabhI se prajA ke eka viziSTa varga ne dharmasambandhI cintana aura usake pracAra-prasAra ke lie apanA jIvana samarpita kiyA aura usa varga kI paramparA Aja bhI akSuNNa rUpa se calI A rahI hai| dharma vyakti aura samAja ke bIca eka setu kA kArya karatA hai| samAja meM burAiyoM ko dharma niyaMtrita karatA hai aura parivAra meM bhI zAnti, samatA aura sauhArdra ko sthApita karatA hai| isa prakAra, dharma pArivArika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM samarasatA lAtA hai| 7. dharma pArasparika sahayoga aura maitrI-bhAva kA saMsthApaka hai - dharma vyakti ko maitrI, pramoda, karuNA aura mAdhyastha kI bhAvanAoM se otaprota karatA hai| AcArya amitagati kahate haiM - satveSu maitrI guNISu pramodaM kliSTeva jIveSu kRpA-paratvam / madhyasthabhAvaM viparIta vRtto, sadAmamAtmA viddhAtu dev|| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva arthAt, he prabhu! mere mana meM prANiyoM ke prati mitratA, guNIjanoM ke prati pramoda, duHkhiyoM ke prati karuNA tathA duSTajanoM ke prati mAdhyastha-bhAva vidyamAna rahe / " ,1080 isa prakAra, ina bhAvanAoM ke mAdhyama se samAja ke vibhinna prakAra ke vyaktiyoM se pArasparika sahayoga aura maitrIbhAvAdi kI sthApanA kara sakate haiM / pArivArika aura sAmAjika - jIvana meM hamAre pArasparikasambandhoM ko sumadhura evaM samAyojanapUrNa banAne tathA sAmAjika- TakarAva ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kara unheM dUra karane ke lie unakA yogadAna mahattvapUrNa hai| isa prakAra, AcArazuddhi para bala dekara vyakti - sudhAra ke mAdhyama se samAja-sudhAra kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| 8. dharma vyakti ko jIvana jIne kI zailI sikhAtA hai 464 dharma jIvana jIne kI kalA hai| svayaM sukha se jIne kI tathA auroM ko sukha se jIne dene kI kalA hai| vAstavika sukha kI anubhUti hamAre bhItara hI hotI hai| vaha sukha AMtarika zAMti meM hai aura AMtarika zAMti citta kI vikAra - vihInatA meM hai, citta kI nirmalatA meM hai / citta kI vikAra- vihIna avasthA hI vAstavika sukha-zAMti kI avasthA hai, jo dharma se hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai, vahI zuddha dharma hai / dharma mahaja zAstrIya - jJAna meM nahIM, AcaraNa meM hai / "dharma saiddhAMtika - mAnyatAoM meM nahIM, siddhAMtoM kA jIvana jIne meM hai| dharma AcaraNa meM utare, to hI paripUrNa hotA hai, samyak hotA hai, anyathA mithyA hI rahatA hai, cAhe use bauddha kaheM yA jaina, IsAI kaheM yA hindU, muslima kaheM yA yahUdI, pArasI kaheM yA sikkha yA aura kucha | " dharmapAlana kA mukhya uddezya hai - hama acche AdamI bneN| dharma kA sAra to citta kI zuddhatA meM hai, rAga-dveSa, moha ke baMdhanoM se mukta hone meM hai, viSama paristhitiyoM meM bhI citta kI samAnatA banAe rakhane meM hai, maitrI, karuNA, muditA meM hai| 1081 dharma mokSa kA sAdhana bhAratIya - ciMtana meM dharma sAmAjika - vyavasthA aura sAmAjika- zAMti ke lie hai, kyoMki dharma ko 'dharmo dhArayati prajAH ' 1082 ke rUpa meM bhI 1080 uddhat 1081 1082 dharma kA marma, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 62 dharma jIvana jIne kI kalA, satyanArAyaNa goyanakA, pR. 76 1) manusmRti - 8/15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 465 paribhASita kara usakA saMbaMdha hamAre sAmAjika-jIvana se jor3A gayA hai| vaha loka-maryAdA aura loka-vyavasthA kA hI sUcaka hai| puruSArtha-catuSTaya meM kevala mokSa hI eka aisA puruSArtha hai, jisakI sAmAjika-sArthakatA vicAraNIya hai| _ 'mokSa' zabda saMskRta kI 'muc' dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai, jisakA zAbdika artha hai -mukta karanA, svataMtra karanA, chor3a denA evaM DhIlA kara denA, isalie mokSa kA artha hai- mukti, svataMtratA, chuTakArA evaM nivRtti| 083 yaha eka dhArmika-siddhAMta hai, jisakA artha hai -saMsAra se nivRtti aura AdhyAtmika-jIvana meM cir-vishraanti| mokSa kA saMbaMdha mukhyataH manuSya kI manovRtti se hai| baMdhana aura mukti- donoM hI manuSya ke manovegoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| rAga-dveSa, Asakti, tRSNA, mamatva, aham Adi kI manovRttiyA~ hI baMdhana haiM aura inase mukta honA hI mukti hai| mukti kI vyAkhyA karate hue jaina-dArzanikoM ne kahA thA ki moha aura kSobha se rahita AtmA kI avasthA hI mukti hai| AcArya zaMkara kahate haiM -'vAsanAprakSayo mokSaH / 1984 vastutaH, moha aura kSobha hamAre jIvana se jur3e hue haiM aura isalie mukti kA saMbaMdha bhI hamAre jIvana se hI hai| vastutaH, mokSa mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti hai| mokSa yA mukti kA artha hai- chuTakArA / manuSya ko saba duHkhoM se chuTakArA mila jAe- yahI mokSa hai| bhAratIya-sAhitya meM mokSa ke paryAyavAcI aneka zabda haiM, udAharaNataH -mukti, siddhi, nirvANa, amRtatva, bodhi, vimukti, vizaddhi, kaivalya ityaadi| mokSa kA artha hai -AdhyAtmika-paripUrNatA, antima lakSya kI prApti evaM duHkhoM kI smaapti| jo mokSa prApta kara letA hai, vaha saMsAra meM punaH vApasa nahIM AtA, sAtha hI, vaha zubha aura azubha se Upara uThA huA hotA hai aura sadaiva zAzvata zAMti kA upabhoga karatA hai| .. nirvANa aura mokSa -ye donoM zabda paryAyArthaka haiN| nirvANa kA artha hai- klezoM aura tRSNA kI smaapti| isakA saMbaMdha avinazvara aura sarvocca 2) jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-2, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 157 1083 saMskRta-hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pR. 819 1084 vivekacaDAmaNi, 318 For Personal & Private Use Only

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466 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva svataMtratA kI prApti se bhI hai| moniyara viliyamsa nirvANa zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue isakA artha karate haiM- antagata, zAnta, dRzya, jIvanmukta, padArthamukta, sarvocca sattA se sambaddha, samasta icchAoM aura vikArIbhAvoM se mukta aura paramAnanda prApta / 085 ___ mokSa AdhyAtmika-jIvana kA antima sopAna hai| mAnava kA dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika-jIvana mokSamArga para agrasara hokara hI prakAzamAn hotA hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA kA tAdAtmya hI mokSa va paramAnanda kI carama anubhUti hai| jIva brahma meM lIna hokara mokSa-pada ko prApta karatA hai| AtmA kA yahI saccA jJAna mokSa hai| dharma aura mokSa eka-dUsare ke sAdhana aura sAdhya ke rUpa meM sampRkta haiN| eka mArga hai, dUsarA phala, eka upAya hai, dUsarA gaMtavya / gaMtavya arthAt mokSa vaha prayojana hai, jisa taka kevala dharmarUpI mArga dvArA hI pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| mokSa kevala ve hI prApta kara sakate haiM, jo dharma-mArga para calate haiN| jainadarzana meM mArga aura mArga-phala- ina do avadhAraNAoM meM antara kiyA gayA hai| dharma mokSa kA upAya hai aura isIlie mokSamArga hai| jo vyakti samyaka mArga para calatA hai, vahI antataH mokSa prApta karatA hai| isa mArga (dharma) ke anusaraNa ke phalasvarUpa hI nirvANa saMbhava ho sakatA hai| 1086 jainadarzana meM samatva ko dharma kahA gayA hai| jo dharma hai, vahI samatva hai| 1087 tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti kahate haiM ki baMdha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva ho jAne aura nirjarA hone se karmoM kA atyanta abhAva ho jAnA, unakA saMpUrNataH naSTa ho jAnA, mokSa hai|1088 vastutaH, mokSa akelA pAne kI vastu nahIM hai| isa saMbaMdha meM vinobA bhAve ke udgAra vicAraNIya haiM -"jo samajhatA hai ki mokSa akele hathiyAne kI vastu hai, vaha usake hAtha se nikala jAtA hai, 'maiM' ke Ate hI mokSa bhAga 1085 1086 1087 Monier Miner-Williams, A Sanskrit English Dictionary, P.P.834-35 samaNasuttaM, pR. 229 vahI, pR. 274-275 baMdhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm kRtsnakarmakSayo mokssH|- tattvArthasUtra -10/2-3 1088 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 467 jAtA hai; merA mokSa -yaha vAkya hI galata hai| 'merA' miTane para hI mokSa milatA hai| 1089 dharma eka amRta tattva hai aura vaha sArvajanika hai, sArvakAlika hai, sArvabhaumika hai, sarvadA aura sarvathA upAdeyarUpa hai| isa virAT vizva meM mAnava eka sarvazreSTha aura sarvajyeSTha prANI hai| usake amUlya jIvana kA lakSya mukti-prApti hai| yahI usakA carama aura parama sAdhya-bindu hai| isa sAdhya kI siddhi meM dharma pradhAna AdhAra hai| dharma vastutaH eka aisA rAjapatha hai, jo hameM mukti-prAsAda meM pahaMcA detA hai| dharma aura mukti -donoM eka-dUsare ke sampUraka haiN| inakA jo saMbaMdha hai, vaha abhinna hai, acchedya aura abhedya hai| -------000---- 1089 AtmajJAna aura vijJAna, pR. 71 For Personal & Private Use Only

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468 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva adhyAya-13 (a) moha-saMjJA Instinct of delusion} moha-saMjJA kA svarUpa saMjJAoM ke caturvidha aura dazavidha vargIkaraNa meM to kahI bhI moha-saMjJA kA ullekha nahIM milatA, kintu saMjJAoM kA jo SoDaSavidha1090 vargIkaraNa hai, usameM moha-saMjJA ko terahavAM krama diyA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA meM moha ko karmabaMdhana kA mUla hetu mAnA gayA hai| 1091 'moha' zabda ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sat aura asat meM viveka kA abhAva hI moha hai| jo isa viveka ko kuMThita karatA hai, use mohanIya-karma kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH, moha vyakti ko sata aura asata kA viveka karane se vimukha kara detA hai aura sat aura asat ke viveka kA yaha abhAva hI moha kahA jAtA hai| moha ke kAraNa hI vyakti 'para' meM 'sva' kA AropaNa karatA hai| pravacanasAra meM AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM- moha se hI 'maiM' aura 'merA' bhAva utpanna hotA hai| 1092 'aham' aura 'mam'- donoM kA AdhAra moha hI hai| yahA~ aham se tAtparya ahaMkAra se hai aura mam se tAtparya merepana ke mithyAbhAva se hai| viveka kA abhAva hone se vyakti meM yaha mithyA dhAraNA janma letI hai| merepana kA bhAva hI mamatva kahalAtA hai| 1093 moha aura tadjanya mamatvavRtti ke kAraNa vyakti 'para' ko apanA mAnane lagatA hai| para ko apanA mAnanA ajJAna-dazA hai| isa prakAra kA bhAva hI 'moha-saMjJA hai| vItarAga-dazA kI prApti ke pUrva dasaveM guNasthAna taka isa moha-saMjJA kA astitva rahatA hai| moha ke udaya ke abhAva meM, kintu antasa meM usakI sattA rahane para upazAntamoha-saMjJA prApta hotI hai| yaha gyArahavAM guNasthAna 1090 1091 1) AcArAMgasUtra- 1/2/2 vivecanA 2) abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaNDa-7, pR. 301 1) uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 32/7 2) karmavijJAna, A. devendramuni, bhAga-4, pR. 226 kIradi ajjhavasANaM, ahaM mamedaM ti mohAdo - pravacanasAra- 2/91 mametyasya bhAvo mamatvaM / - svayambhUstotra, TIkA 10 1092 1093 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #475
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 469 hai| sattA meM rahA huA sUkSma moha bhI udaya meM Akara kriyAzIla hokara vyakti ko patana kI ora le jAtA hai, kintu moha kA pUrNataH nAza hone para vyakti zIghra hI vItarAga-dazA ko prApta kara mokSa ko pA letA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -"mohagrasta hone vAlA sAdhaka na isa pAra kA rahatA hai, na usa pAra kA, arthAt! na isa loka kA rahatA hai aura na paraloka kaa| 1094 anekAneka kAmanAoM ke kAraNa manuSya kA mana bikharA huA rahatA hai| vaha apanI kAmanAoM kI pUrti kyA karanA cAhatA hai, eka taraha se chalanI ko jala se bharanA cAhatA hai| 1095 dhavalA meM kahA gayA hai -krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati-arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda, napuMsakaveda aura mithyAtva -inake samUha kA nAma hI moha hai| paMcAstikAya meM kahA gayA hai -darzanamohanIya ke vipAka se jo kaluSita pariNAma hote haiM, ve hI moha haiN| samayasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo moha se grasta hai, ve ajJAnI haiM aura vyavahAra meM hI vimUr3ha haiM, ve hI paradravya ko merA kahate haiM, jo jJAnI haiM, ve nizcaya se pratibaddha ho gae haiM, ve kaNamAtra bhI pudgaladravya ko, yaha merA hai -aisA nahIM khte|1090 vastutaH, jIva ke saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA mUla kAraNa moha hai| yaha saMsAra moha kI hI lIlA hai| itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki jaba bar3e-bar3e mahAn puruSa moha ke Age parAjita ho gae, to sAdhAraNa manuSya kI to bAta hI kyA, bar3e-bar3e tapasvI mahApuruSa bhI moha kI bhISaNa zakti ke Age natamastaka ho jAte haiN| cAra jJAna ke dhanI, aneka labdhiyoM ke svAmI zrI indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara bhI (prazasta) moha ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI upasthiti meM kevalajJAna kI prApti nahIM kara ske| 1097 apAra samRddhi ke tyAgI zAlibhadramuni ko bhI thor3e-se mAtA ke moha ke kAraNa eka aura janma lenA pdd'aa| 1098 bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra, gRhatyAgI bharata ko eka mRgazizu ke prati moha ke kAraNa apanI sAdhanA se vicalita hokara 1094 ittha mohe puNo puMNo snnaa| no havvAe no paaraae| -AcArAMgasUtra- 1/2/2 1095 aNegacitte khalu ayaM purise, se keyaNaM arihae puuritte| -vahI-1/3/2 samayasAra, gAthA 324 zrIkalpasUtra, 126, zrI jina AnandasAgara sUrIzvarajI ma.sA. pR. 262 kathA-sAhitya 1096 1097 1098 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #476
470 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva mRgayoni meM janma lenA pdd'aa| 1099 rAmAyaNa ke anusAra, dazaratha kA apanI patnI kaikeyI ke prati moha ke kAraNa hI zrIrAma ko caudaha varSa kA vanavAsa svIkAranA pdd'aa| 100 ataH, moha ke kAraNa AtmA mUr3ha banakara apane hitAhita kA kartavya-akartavya kA, satya-asatya kA, kalyANa-akalyANa kA bhAna bhUla jAtA hai| jaise madyapAna karake munaSya bhale-bure kA viveka kho baiThatA hai, paravaza hokara apane hitAhita ko nahIM samajhatA, vaise hI moha ke prabhAva se jIva sat-asat ke viveka se rahita hokara paravaMza ho jAtA hai aura use AtmA ke zuddha svabhAva kA bhAna nahIM rhtaa| vastutaH, jo mohita karatA hai, yA jisake dvArA mohA jAtA hai, vaha mohanIya-karma hai| 101 jo karma AtmA meM mUr3hatA utpanna karatA hai, vaha karma mohanIya karma kahalAtA hai| ATha karmoM meM yaha sarvAdhika zaktizAlI hai| sAta karma yadi prajA haiM, to mohanIya-karma rAjA hai| yaha karma prANIya-jIvana ko sabase adhika prabhAvita karatA hai| dUsare karma jIva kI eka-eka zakti ko AvRtta karate haiM, 1102 jabaki mohanIya-karma jIva kI aneka mUlabhUta zaktiyoM ko AvRtta nahIM, vikRta aura kuNThita bhI kara detA hai, jisase AtmA apane zuddha jJAtA svabhAva (jJAtA-dRSTAbhAva) ko bhUlakara rAga-dveSa meM phaMsa jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa, mohanIya-karma ko AtmA kA zatru kahA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha samasta duHkhoM kI prApti meM nimitta kAraNa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mohanIya karma ko bhI janma-maraNAdi duHkharUpa saMsAra kA mUla kahA hai| mohanIya-karma ko AgamoM se karmoM kA senApati kahA hai| jisa prakAra senApati ke cala basane para senA meM bhagadar3a maca jAtI hai, vaise hI mohakarma ke naSTa ho jAne para zeSa sAre ghAtIkarma naSTa ho jAte haiM, zeSa rahe cAra aghAtIkarma bhI AyuSyakarma kI samApti hote hI samApta ho jAte haiN| 103 1099 1100 1101 1102 kalyANa, bhAgavatAMka, varSa-16, aMka-1, 1998, pR. 418 vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se mohayati mohyate'neti vA mohniiym| - sarvArthasiddhi- 8/4/380/5 ka) karmavAda, pR. 60 kha) dharma aura darzana, AcArya devendra muni, pR. 72 ga) jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra, DaoN. lAlacandra jaina, pR. 204 ka) dhavalA- 1, 1, 1/43 kha) karmavAda, pR. 60 1103 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #477
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 471 moha ke prakAra mukti ke lie jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai, kintu jaba taka vyakti satya ke saMdarbha meM moha se yukta rahatA hai, to vaha paradravyoM ko apanA mAnatA rahatA hai| jaina-paramparA meM moha ko do prakAra se vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai|104 eka, darzanamoha aura dUsarA, caaritr-moh| darzanamoha kA artha viparyaya yA viparIta samajha hai| jJAna aura darzana -donoM kA samyak na honA darzanamoha kahA jAtA hai aura usake kAraNa jo AcaraNa pradUSita hotA hai usako cAritramoha kahate haiN| darzanamoha bhrAnta dRSTikoNa kA sUcaka hai aura cAritramoha mithyA AcaraNa kA sUcaka hai| jaina-paramparA meM kahA gayA hai ki darzanamoha ke kAraNa mithyA dRSTikoNa yA mithyA samajha utpanna hotI hai aura isake phalasvarUpa vyakti kA AcaraNa bhI dUSita ho jAtA hai, jo kaSAyoM kA janaka hai| ___ moha vastutaH doharA kArya karatA hai| eka ora se vaha AtmA ke darzana arthAt zraddhA ko vikRta va bhraSTa karatA hai, to dUsarI ora se vaha cAritra ko vikRta aura kuNThita karatA hai| isa kAraNa se moha ke do rUpa haiN| eka hai - zraddhArUpa aura dUsarA hai - prvRttiruup| anya darzanoM ne jise 'avidyA' yA 'mAyA' kahA hai, use jainadarzana ne moha kahA hai| darzanamoha ke kAraNa samyaka dRSTikoNa lupta-sA ho jAne se jIva mithyA dhAraNAoM aura vicAradhArAoM kA zikAra ho jAtA hai, usakI viveka-buddhi asantulita ho jAtI hai| cAritramoha ke kAraNa vaha parabhAva ko svabhAva mAna baiThatA hai| vastutaH, cAritramoha ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai -kaSAyamoha aura nokaSAya-moha / 105 - kaSAya, arthAt jo AtmA ke svAbhAvika-guNoM zAnti, mRdutA, RjutA aura samatA Adi ko kRza yA naSTa kare, use kaSAya kahate haiN| 106 1104 1105 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga-3, pR. 340 1) carittamohaNaM kammaM duvihe tu viyAhi yN| kasAya-mohaNijjaMtu nokasAyaM taheva yN| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra -33/10 2) duvihaM caritta-mohaM-kasAyaveyaNIyaM nokasAyamidi -kammapayaDI, 55 3) prajJApanAsUtra- 23/2 1) kaSaH saMsArastasya Ayo lAbha iti kaSAyaH / 2) cAritra pariNAmakaSaNAt kaSAyaH / -tattvArtharAjavArttika- 9/7 3) kaSyante hiMsyante parasparamasmina prANina iti kaSaH / 1106 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #478
472 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva mohajanya kaSAyikabhAvoM ke kAraNa saMsAra-paribhramaNa kI vRddhi hotI hai, kyoMki kaSAya hI karmabandha kA viziSTa hetu hai| kaSAya ke kAraNa hI karmoM kA sthitibandha aura rasabandha hotA hai aura jaba taka ye donoM haiM, taba taka jIva mukta nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki bandha ke anya kAraNa mithyAtva, avirati aura pramAda bhI kaSAya ke udaya se hI niSpanna hote haiN| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -krodhAdi cAroM kaSAya saMsArarUpI vRkSa (janma-maraNarUpI cakra) ke mUla kA siMcana karate haiM,107 kyoMki rasabandha aura sthitibandha kA sabase bar3A AdhAra agara koI hai, to kaSAya hI haiN| vastutaH, ina cAroM kaSAyoM, arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA, aura lobha kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiM, ataH yahA~ unake vistAra meM jAnA ucita nahIM hogA, phira bhI hama itanA to kaha sakate haiM ki jaba taka kaSAya kI sattA hai, taba taka moha rahatA hai| cAritramohanIya kA dUsarA upaprakAra 'nokaSAya' hai| nokaSAya zabda do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai| nokaSAya jaina-dArzanikoM ne 'no' zabda ko sAhacarya ke artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai, 'no' kA artha -ISat, alpa athavA sahAyaka hai,108 ataH hama inheM alpa yA choTe kaSAya athavA sahAyaka kaSAya kaha sakate haiN| vastutaH, nokaSAya pradhAna kaSAyoM ke sAtha utpanna hote haiM aura unheM uttejita bhI karate haiN| pAzcAtya-manovijJAna meM unheM mUlapravRttiyA~ Instincts} kahA gayA hai| 1109 karmagraMtha ke anusAra, jo kaSAya na hoM, kintu kaSAya ke sahavartI hoM, kaSAya ke udaya ke sAtha jinakA udaya hotA hai, kaSAyoM ko utpanna karane meM tathA uddIpana karane meM jo sahAyaka hoM, unheM 'nokaSAya' kahate haiN| 110 nokaSAyoM para pAzcAtya-vicArakoM ne jahA~ mAtra manovaijJAnika-dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai, vahA~ jaina-vicAraNA meM jo kaSamayante gacchantyebhirjantavaH iti kaSAyAH / / - prathama karmagrantha TIkA gA. 17 1107 cattAri ee kasiNA kasAyA siMcaMti mUlANi punnbhvss| - dazavaikAlikasUtra 8/40 1108 ___1) abhidhAnarAjeMndrakoza, khaNDa-4, pR. 2161 2) jaina bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 503 tulanA kIjie - jIvanavRtti aura mRtyu vRtti (phrAyaDa) 1110 1) kaSAya-sahavartitvAt kaSAya-preraNAdapi hAsyAdinavakasyoktA nokssaay-kssaaytaa| - prathama karmagrantha TIkA 17 jassa kammassa udaeNa jIvo NokasAye vedayati taM NokasAya vedaNIyaM NAma - dhavalA, 13/5 1109 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #479
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 473 mAnasika-tathya naitika-dRSTi se azubha hote haiM, unheM nokaSAya kahA gayA hai| kaSAyoM ke sahacArI kAraNarUpa manobhAvoM ko nokaSAya kahA gayA hai, yadyapi manovaijJAnika-dRSTi se vicAra karane para nokaSAya ve prAthamika sthitiyAM haiM, jinase kaSAya utpanna hotI hai1111 aura jo kaSAyoM ke pariNAma bhI hote haiN| nokaSAya ke bheda bhI nau haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM- 1. hAsya, 2. rati, 3. arati, 4. zoka, 5. bhaya, 6. jugupsA, 7. strIveda, 8. puruSaveda, 9. npuNskved| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM nokaSAya ko 'saptavidha' yA 'navavidha' kahA gayA hai|1113 vastutaH, nokaSAya kaSAyoM kA hetu aura pariNAma-donoM hote haiN| isa prakAra, mithyA athavA samyaka samajha ke abhAva ke kAraNa kaSAya janma lete haiM aura kaSAya ke kAraNa dRSTikoNa dUSita hotA hai, isalie kahA gayA hai ki darzanamoha ora cAritramoha meM kauna prAraMbhika hai -yaha batAnA kaThina hai| jaise murgI aura aNDe meM kauna pahale huA- yaha batAnA saMbhava nahIM hai, usI prakAra kaSAyoM ke kAraNa moha utpanna hotA hai yA moha ke kAraNa kaSAya, isameM kisI kI prAthamikatA nirdhArita kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai|114 ___ isa prakAra, jahA~ moha kI sattA hotI hai, vahA~ janma-maraNa kI paraMparA satata rUpa se calatI rahatI hai, kyoMki jainAcAryoM kI mAnyatA hai ki jaba taka vyakti mohajanya kaSAyoM se grasita hai, taba taka mukti saMbhava nahIM hai| mukti ke lie kaSAyoM para, arthAt moha para vijaya prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| moha mokSa meM bAdhaka jo apanA nahIM hai, usake prati mamatva kI bhAvanA rakhanA moha hai| vastutaH, moha mokSa meM bAdhaka hai| 'tattvArthasUtra' ke dasaveM 'mokSa' adhyayana ke 1112 uddhRta-jaina bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN.sAgaramala jaina, pR.501 1) tattvArthasUtra- 8/10 2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 32/102_3) sthAnAMgasUtra - 9/500 4) prajJApanAsUtra- 23/2 5) karmaprakRti 62 6) pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 215, bhAga-1, sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI, pR. 262 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 33/11 jahA ya aNDappabhavA balAgA aNDaM balAgappabhavaM jahA y| emeva mohAyayaNaM khu taNhA mohaM ca taNhAyayaNaM vynti|| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra-32/6 1113 1114 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #480
474 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva prathama sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- "moha ke kSaya hone para aura jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa tathA antarAya ke kSaya se kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai| 1115 vAcaka umAsvAti ke anusAra, moha ko sarvaprathama rakhane kA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki sabhI karmoM ke baMdha kA pradhAna kAraNa moha hI hai| jahA~ moha hai, vahA~ rAga-dveSa haiM, jahA~ rAgadveSa haiM, vahA~ kaSAya haiM, jahA~ kaSAya haiM, vahA~ no kaSAya haiM, jahA~ nokaSAyAdi haiM, vahA~ aThAraha pApasthAnoM kA sevana hotA hai aura jahA~ aThAraha pApasthAnoM kA sevana hotA hai, vahA~ nizcita rUpa se karmabaMdha hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai -"karmabaMdha ke bIja rAgadveSa haiM aura rAga-dveSa kI utpatti moha se hotI hai| vaha moha hI janma-maraNa kA mUla kAraNa hai aura janma-maraNa kI yaha paramparA hI vAstava meM duHkha hai|"1116 jaba taka moha ko naSTa nahIM kareMge, taba taka mokSa prApta nahIM ho sktaa| "moha ke naSTa hone para hI tRSNA, duHkha, lobha, parigraha -sabhI naSTa ho jAte haiN|" 1117 mohakarma saba karmoM meM sabase balavAn hai, kyoMki moha vyakti ke darzana aura cAritra-guNa ko dUSita karatA hai| darzana-guNa ke dUSita hone para jo padArtha jaisA hai, usakI usI,rUpa meM pratIti nahIM hone detA hai| moha ke kAraNa dRSTi dUSita ho jAtI hai, sahI-galata kA bhAna nahIM rahatA, galata ko bhI sahI mAna liyA jAtA hai aura isa mithyA jJAna ke kAraNa vyakti baMdhana ke pAza meM baMdha jAtA hai| paMcAdhyAyI ke anusAra, 'darzanamohanIya ke udaya se jIva anAtmIya padArthoM ko AtmIya aura adharma ko dharma samajhane lagatA hai| 118 vastutaH, moha kI upasthiti se vyakti kI sthiti madonmata puruSa ke jaisI ho jAtI hai| jaba vyakti samyak-darzana se patita hotA hai, to moha ke kAraNa usakA caritra dUSita hotA hai, usameM 'aham' aura 'mam' kA bhAva prabala hotA hai| moha-mamatva ke kAraNa hI saMsAra meM sAre duSkRtya kie jAte haiN| maiM sukhI hoUM, merA parivAra sukhI rahe, mujhe mAna-sammAna mile, merI pratiSThA samAja meM banI rahe- ina sabako prApta karane ke lie vaha duSkRtoM ko karatA hai aura / / 1116 117 mohakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevlm| - tattvArthasUtra- 10/1 rAgo ya dAso viya kammabIyaM kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vynti| kammaM na jAI-maraNassa mUlaM dukkhaM ca jAI-maraNaM vayanti ||-uttraadhyynsuutr-32/7 vahI- 32/8 tathA darzanamohasya krmnnstuudyaadih| api yAvadanAtmIyamAtmIyaM manute kuttttkuu|| - paMcAdhyAyI- 2/990 118 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 475 samyakacAritra se bhI patita ho jAtA hai| samAja meM vyApta corI, DakaitI, jamAkhorI, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hiMsA Adi sabhI burAiyA~ mam (mere) aura aham (maiM) ke poSaNa ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotI haiN| jaba taka vyakti meM moha hai, svArtha hai, mamatva hai, taba taka baMdhana nizcita rUpa se hai, arthAt moha hai, to mokSa nahIM hai| jainadarzana ke mUlamaMtra 'namaskAramaMtra' 1119 ke prathama zabda 'namo' kA artha vastutaH naman, namaskAra yA praNAma karate haiM, para prastuta prasaMga meM hama 'namo' zabda kA artha na+mo(ha) arthAt 'moha nahIM -aisA bhI kara sakate haiN| maMtra kA prathama zabda yahI darzAtA hai ki yadi moha nahIM hogA, to vyakti sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se apanI AtmA kA utthAna kara mokSa prApta kara skegaa| moha ke duSpariNAma - 1. karmabaMdhana kA pramukha kAraNa moha - jaina-paramparA meM bandhana ke mUlabhUta tIna kAraNa rAga, dveSa aura moha mAne gae haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM rAga aura dveSa - ina donoM ko karma-bIja kahA gayA hai1120 aura una donoM kA kAraNa moha batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi rAga aura dveSa sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM, phira bhI unameM rAga hI pramukha hai| rAga ke kAraNa hI dveSa hotA hai| vastutaH, rAga moha kA hI rUpa hai| jaina-kathAnakoM ke anusAra, indrabhUti gautama kA mahAvIra ke prati prazasta rAga bhI unake kaivalya kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka rahA thaa| isa prakAra, mohajanya rAga hI bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa hai| AcArya kundakunda rAga ko pramukha kAraNa mAnate hue kahate haiM -rAgayukta AtmA hI karma-bandha karatA hai aura rAga se vimukta mukta ho jAtA hai -yahI jinezvara paramAtmA kA upadeza hai, isalie Asakti yA rAgabhAva mata rkho| 127 yadi rAga kA kAraNa jAnanA cAheM, to jaina-paramparA ke anusAra moha hI isakA kAraNa siddha hotA hai, yadyapi moha aura rAga-dveSa sApekSa rUpa meM eka-dUsare ke kAraNa banate haiN| isa prakAra, dveSa kA kAraNa rAga aura rAga kA kAraNa moha 1119 1120 bhagavatIsUtra -- 1 1) uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 32/7 2) jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, bhAga 1, pR. 361. 1121 samayasAra, 157 For Personal & Private Use Only

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476 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hai| moha tathA rAga paraspara eka-dUsare ke kAraNa haiM, ataH rAga, dveSa aura moha -ye tInoM hI jaina-paramparA meM bandhana ke mUla kAraNa haiN| bauddha-paramparA meM bhI lobha (rAga), dveSa aura moha ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| 1122 isa sambandha meM AcArya narendradeva likhate haiM - "lobha aura dveSa kA hetu moha hai, kintu paryAya se rAga, dveSa bhI moha ke hetu haiN| 1123 gItA ke anusAra, AsurI-sampadA bandhana kA hetu hai| 124 usameM dambha, darpa, abhimAna, krodha, pAruSya evaM ajJAna ko AsurI-sampadA kahA gayA hai| zrIkRSNa kahate haiM - dambha, mAna, mada se samanvita Asakti (kAmanAoM) se yukta tathA moha (ajJAna) se mithyAdRSTitva ko grahaNa kara. prANI asadAcaraNa se yukta ho saMsAra-paribhramaNa karate haiN| 125 vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki moha-jAla meM AvRtta aura kAmabhogoM meM Asakta puruSa apavitra narakoM meM girate haiN| 1126 icchA, dveSa aura tajjanita moha se sabhI prANI' ajJAnI bana saMsAra ke bandhana ko prApta hote haiN| 127 DaoN.sAgaramala jaina ne apane zodha-prabaMdha meM kahA hai -yahA~ gItAkAra rAga, dveSa aura moha ke ina tIna kAraNoM kI vyAkhyA hI nahIM karatA, varan icchA-dveSa se utpanna moha kahakara jainadarzana ke samAna rAga, dveSa aura moha kI paraspara sApekSatA ko bhI abhivyakta kara detA hai|1128 sAMkhya-yogadarzana ke yogasUtra meM bandhana yA kleza ke pAMca kAraNa mAne gae haiM- 1. avidyA (moha), 2. asmitA (ahaMkAra), 3. rAga (Asakti), 4. dveSa aura 5. abhiniveza (mRtyu kA bhy)|129 inameM bhI avidyA (moha) hI 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 aMguttaranikAya- 3/33, pR. 137 bauddhadharmadarzana, pR.25 gItA - 18/15 vahI - 16/10 gItA-16/16 vahI- 7/27 gItA (zA)- 7/27 jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN.sAgaramala jaina, bhAga-1, pR. 65 avidyA'smitArAgadveSAbhinivezA: klezAH / - yogasUtra- 2/3 1129 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 477 pramukha kAraNa hai, kyoMki moha sahita rAgadveSa kA samAveza bhI avidyA meM ho jAtA hai| nyAyadarzana meM jainadarzana ke samAna bandhana ke mUlabhUta tIna kAraNa mAne haiM- rAga,dveSa aura moh| rAga ke bhItara kAma, matsara, spRhA, tRSNA, lobha, mAyA tathA dambha kA samAveza hotA hai tathA dveSa meM krodha, IrSyA, asUyA, droha (hiMsA) tathA amarSa kA samAveza hotA hai| moha meM mithyAjJAna, saMzaya, mAna aura pramAda hote haiM, kyoMki rAga-dveSa aura moha aMjJAna se hI utpanna hote haiN| 1130 uparyukta vivecana ko sArAMza rUpa meM kaheM, to lagabhaga sabhI dharmadarzanoM meM karmabandha yA duHkha kA mUla kAraNa moha hI mAnA hai| 2. duHkhoM kA mUla moha hai 'IsibhAsiyAiM meM duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa moha ko batAyA hai| 1131 vastutaH, mohanIya-karma ko AtmA kA 'ari (zatru) kahA hai, kyoMki vaha samasta duHkhoM kI prApti meM nimitta kAraNa hai| mohanIya-karma ke binA zeSa karma apane-apane kArya kI utpatti karate hue nahIM pAe jAte haiN| moha kendrIya karma hai aura zeSa karma usake adhIna haiN| yadyapi mohanIya-karma kI sattA naSTa hone para bhI aghAtI-karmoM kI sattA rahatI hai, phira bhI aisA isalie kahA jAtA hai ki mohanIya ke naSTa hote hI janma-maraNAdi se ghire hue duHkharUpa saMsAra ke utpAdana kI sAmarthyatA una aghAtI-karmoM meM nahIM rahatI hai| AyuSyakarma kI samApti hone para zeSa rahe tIna aghAtI karma bhI samApta ho jAte haiN| 1132 isI kAraNa se, mohakarma ko sabhI karmoM kA rAjA kahA gayA hai| dazAzrutaskaMdha meM kahA hai - jisa vRkSa kI jar3a sUkha gaI ho, use kitanA hI sIMcie, vaha harA-bharA nahIM hotA, usI prakAra moha ke kSINa hone para karma bhI phira se hare-bhare nahIM hote|1133 isibhAsiyAiM meM kahA hai - mUla ko sIMcane para hI phala lagate haiN| mUla naSTa hone para phala bhI naSTa 1130 nItizAstra, pR. 63 1131 1132 moha mUlANi dukkhaanni| - isibhAsiyAiM-2/7 1) dhavalA- 1, 1, 1/43 2) karmavAda, pR. 60 sukkamUle jadhA rUkkhe, siccamANe Na rohti| evaM kammA na rohati, mohavijje khajaM gte|| - dazAzrutaskaMdha- 5/1 1133 For Personal & Private Use Only

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478 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra jaba taka moha hai, taba taka janmamaraNAdi. ke duHkha haiN| 134 moha ke samApta hone para janma-maraNa ke cakrarUpI duHkha bhI samApta ho jAte haiN| 3. moha se mamatva bar3hatA hai - mahAbhArata meM spaSTa kahA hai -"bandha aura mokSa ke lie kramazaH do hI pada prayukta hote haiM- 1. mama aura 2. nirmm| jaba kisI padArtha ke prati mama arthAt mamatva yA merApana kA bhAva AtA hai, taba hI prANI karma-bandhana se baMdha jAtA hai aura jaba kisI padArtha ke prati nirmama (merA nahIM hai) bhAva AtA hai, taba bandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| 135 __ "ajJAna meM mohita buddhi vAlA jIva mithyAtva rAgAdi vividha pariNAmoM se yukta haA zarIrAdi aura zarIra se bhinna strI, putra Adi mizra padArthoM ke saMbaMdha meM aisA mAnatA hai ki yaha merA hai aura maiM inakA hU~, yaha merA hai, yaha pUrva meM merA thA, aura bhaviSya meM bhI merA hogaa| 1136 __ "jo jIva moha se yukta haiM, ve vizva ke sabhI padArthoM se alaga hote hue bhI ajJAna, rAga-dveSa aura moha ke kAraNa vizva ke samasta para-padArthoM ko apanA mAnate haiN| yaha ekamAtra moha kA hI pariNAma hai| isakA mUla moha hI hai aura jinameM yaha moha nahIM hotA, ve hI yati, sAdhu, RSi, muni haiN|1137 vastutaH, mokSa ke abhilASI jIva ko kabhI-kabhI zarIrAdi para padArthoM ke prati mamatva yA mUrchA ke badale paramAtmA yA guru ke prati bhI mamatva utpanna ho jAtA hai, kintu jainadarzana meM ise bhI mukti meM bAdhaka kahA gayA hai| jo vyakti mohagrasta hotA hai, usakI dRSTi dUSita hone se vaha putra, putrI, strI, dhana, makAna, anya sAdhana-sAmagrI ko apanA kahatA hai, para ye sabhI bhI jaba taka jIvana hai, tabhI taka apane kahalAte haiN| patnI ghara kI 1134 1135 1136 mUlasite phaluppattI, mUlaghAte hataM phl| - isibhAsiyAiM- 1/6 dve pade bandha-mokSAya, nirmameti mameti c| mameti adhyate jantuH, nirmameti vimucyte|| - mahAbhArata - 4/72 samayasAra, gAthA 20-23 vizvAdRibhakto'pi hi yatprabhAvA, dAtmAnamAtmA vidadhAti vishvm| mohaikakando'dhyavasAya eSa, nAstIha yeSAM yatayasta eva / / amRtakalaza, amRtacandrAcArya 1137 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 479 deharI taka, svajana zmazAna taka aura yaha zarIra citA taka hI sAtha detA hai, phira bhI moha-mamatva ke kAraNa vyakti apanI tRSNA ko pradIpta karatA hai aura ina paradravyoM ko apanA mAna letA hai| jo vyakti aisA karatA hai, vaha 'ajJAnI' hai, kyoMki ajJAnI jIva moha se AvRtta hote haiM aura 'moha ke kAraNa jIva bAra-bAra janma-maraNa ke Avarta meM phaMsatA hai' 1139 aura 'rAgadveSa karatA huA mamatvabuddhi rakhatA huA, pApakarma karatA hai| 1740 garmI ke samaya registAna kI tapatI bhUmi meM muga pyAsa se vyAkula hokara daur3a lagAtA hai, sAmane camakatI retIlI bhUmi use dhUpa ke kAraNa pAnI ke samAna pratIta hotI hai, vaha daur3atA huA usake samIpa jAtA hai, para pAnI na milane para nirAza ho jAtA hai, punaH Age dRSTi daur3AtA hai, vahA~ bhI pAnI najara AtA hai, para punaH retI dekhakara pyAsa se vyAkula huA daur3a-daur3akara thaka jAtA hai aura antatogatvA prANoM kA tyAga kara detA hai, para kucha bhI prApta nahIM kara paataa| yahI dazA yahA~ jIva kI banI huI hai| maMgatarAyajI bAraha bhAvanAoM meM isakA sundara citraNa karate hue kahate haiM -"moharUpI mRgatRSNA ke kAraNa paradravya meM sukha kI kAMkSA meM yaha cetanarUpI mRga yatra-tatra bhramaNa kara rahA hai| socatA hai, yahA~ sukha milegA, aba milegA- isI ArtadhyAna meM prANoM ko kho detA hai, jIva ko kiMcit mAtra bhI hAtha nahIM lgtaa| paradravya se sukha kI cAha meM bhaTakatA huA, paradravyoM ko apanA banAtA hai, mAnatA hai, kintu kabhI bhedajJAna karane kI ceSTA nahIM krtaa|141 4. moha Atmatattva ke bodha meM bAdhaka - moha se yukta jIva Atmatattva ko nahIM samajhatA hai| mai AtmA hU~, jJAna-darzana mere guNa haiM, apanI AtmA ke alAvA sabhI 'para' haiM, vyartha haiM, unake prati merApana mithyA kalpanAmAtra hai -isa paramasatya kA AbhAsa bhI mohAndha jIva ko nahIM hotA hai| mohAsakta avivekI jIva 'para' kI ciMtA 1138 maMdA moheNa paauddaa| -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-3/1/11 1139 moheNa gaDamai maraNAI ei| -AcArAMgasUtra- 5/3 1140 rAga-dvosassiyA vAlA, pApaM kuvvaMti te bhu| - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra -1/15/7 1141 bArahabhAvanA, maMgatarAyajI, gAthA 12-13, uddhRta, prazAntavANI, pR. 59 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva karatA rahatA hai| 'para' kI cintA meM vaha svayaM kabhI duHkhI hotA hai, kabhI udAsa hotA hai, kabhI prasanna hotA hai, kabhI nArAja hotA hai, kabhI harSa, to kabhI zoka se yukta hotA hai| moha ke kAraNa usakI samajha samyak nahIM bana pAtI aura Atmatattva ke bodha meM bAdhaka banatI hai| nizIthacUrNi meM kahA hai - vivekajJAna kA viparyAsa hI moha hai| 1142 5. sammoha manuSya ke vinAza kI antima sthiti - vastutaH, moha kA hI eka rUpa sammoha hai, jisakA artha mUr3hatA hotA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai 480 "krodhAd bhavati sammohaH, sammohAt smRti vibhramaH / 1143 krodha se atyanta mUr3hatA paidA hotI hai aura mUr3hatA se smRtivibhramaM hotI jAtI hai, kyoMki krodha se manuSya kI cintana-zakti kSINa ho jAtI hai| jo kucha thor3A-bahuta viveka kA prakAza rahatA hai, vaha bhI moha ke saghana AvaraNa ke kAraNa, lupta ho jAtA hai, buddhi' meM vibhrama, vikSiptatA aura caMcalatA paidA ho jAtI hai| gItA meM Age to yahA~ taka kahA hai "smRti bhraMzAd buddhinAzo, buddhinAzAt praNazyati / smRti ke vinAza se buddhi kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura buddhi ke nAza se vyaktitva kA nAza ho jAtA hai, ataH he arjuna - yadA te mohakalilaM, buddhirvyatitariSyati / tadA gantAsi nirveda, zrotavyasya zrutasyaca / / ' 1144 arthAt, jaba taka terI buddhi moha ke daladala ko bilkula chor3akara Upara AegI aura moha se pAra ho jAegI, tabhI terI AtmA kucha sunane yogya hogI aura sunane mAtra se vairAgya ko prApta karegI / 1142 1143 1144 moho viNNA vivaccAso / gItA - 2/63 vahI - 2/52 - nizIthacUrNibhASya, gAthA 26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 481 6. moha manuSya ko dharma se patita karatA hai moha se AkrAnta manuSya dharma ke prati bhI udAsIna rahatA hai| dharma ke prati usake hRdaya meM zraddhA nahIM hotI hai, pavitra bhAva paidA nahIM hote haiN| vaha dharma ke sundara, samyaka zreSTha prabhAva ko nahIM jAna pAtA hai, kyoMki use saMsAra hI lubhAvanA lagatA hai| use mAna-sammAna kI cAha, lobha kA saMga, kapaTa dvArA vastuprApti kI cAha, kAma-bhoga ke sAdhana use acche lagate haiN| moha ke kAraNa use satya kA darzana nahIM ho pAtA, isalie vaha apane nijadharma aura vyAvahArika-dharma se patita ho jAtA hai| nija-dharma se tAtparya sva-svabhAva kA bhAna aura vyAvahArika-dharma, arthAt naitika-jIvana ke AdarzoM sahita samAja meM jiinaa| 7. moha-mamatva kA bojha naraka le jAtA hai mUrchA kaho, mamatva kaho, parigraha kaho yA moha kaho, artha eka hI hai| mamatva aura moha se raMjita vyakti saMsAra-sAgara ke bahuta nIce sAta naraka taka jA sakatA hai, isalie mamatva, mUrchA, moha ko tor3ane kA samatva pAne kA upadeza sabhI jJAnI puruSa dete haiN| zAstroM meM ullekhita hai ki vAsudeva avazya naraka meM jAte haiM, kyoMki mRtyu-paryaMta parigraha kA, mamatva kA, tyAga nahIM karate haiM aura sabhI baladeva mokSa meM jAte haiM, kyoMki ve mRtyu ke pahale parigraha kA tyAga kara dete haiN| ThIka vaise hI, jo cakravartI mRtyu taka mamatvabuddhi banAe rahate haiM, vaha avazya sAtavIM naraka meM jAte haiM, jo mRtyu ke pUrva mamatva kA tyAga kara dete haiM, ve svarga athavA mokSa meM jAte haiN| jaina-kathAnakoM ke anusAra, bharata cakravartI vagairaha sarvathA aparigrahI the, isalie mokSa meM gae, sanatkumAra cakravartI ne deha-mamatva kama kiyA, to ve tIsare devaloka meM gae aura subhUma cakravartI ne mamatva-parigraha-moha nahIM tyAgA thA, isalie naraka meM ge|114 145 1145 bhAvanA-stotra, bhAga-1, sAdhvI sulakSaNAzrI, pR. 269 For Personal & Private Use Only

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482 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki moha ke kAraNa hI manuSya kI durgati hotI hai, paraMtu isa moha ko bhI tyAgA jA sakatA hai, ataH Age, isa moha para vijaya kaise ho- isa bAta kI carcA kreNge| moha para vijaya kaise prApta kareM ? moha vAstava meM eka mAnasika-Avega hai| mAnasika AvegoM para vijaya kaise prApta kI jAe-yaha eka prazna hai ? moha vastutaH doharA kRtya hai, jisameM eka to vaha vyakti ke dRSTikoNa ko bhramita karatA hai tathA use doSayukta banAtA hai| dRSTi ke dUSita hone para vastusthiti kA nirNaya samyaka prakAra se nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| .. moha para vijaya prApta karane ke lie samayasAra meM kundakundAcArya ne jitendriya, jitamoha tathA kSINamoha- ina tIna prakAra se moha ko jItane kI bAta kI hai| jitendriya honA, arthAt indriya para vijaya prApta krnaa| bAhya-vastuoM ke prati jisakA moha adhika hotA hai, use apanI indriyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhanA caahie| cUMki indriyoM ke viSaya parAzrita haiM, ataH moha para vijaya pAne ke lie sarvaprathama cittavRtti ko indriyoM ke viSayoM arthAt bAhya-viSayoM se haTAkara 'sva' meM sthita karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| jo indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara apane jJAnasvabhAva ke dvArA AtmA ko jAnatA hai, use hI niyama se, arthAt naya se sAdhu kahA jAtA hai| 146 viSaya apane Apa meM acche yA bure nahIM haiM, sAdhaka kI dRSTi meM mohajanya rAgadveSa ke kAraNa viSaya anukUla yA pratikUla bana jAte haiN| moha mIThA jahara hai, madhu-mizrita viSa hai| vaha mana ko madhura lagatA hai, kintu pariNAma isakA bhI viSatulya hai| bhagavadgItA meM isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| "pratyeka indriya ke artha (viSaya) ke sAtha rAgadveSa vizeSa rUpa se avasthita rahe hue haiN| sAdhaka una rAgadveSarUpI moha ke vazIbhUta na ho, kyoMki yaha moha hI aMtaraMga zatru hai|1147 1146 jo iMdiye jiNittA NANasahAvAdhiyaM muNadi aadN| __taM khalu jididiyaM te bhaNaMti je NicchidA saahuu|| - samayasAra, gAthA-31 indriyasyendriyasyArthe rAga-dveSau vyvsthitau| 1147 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #489
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 483 AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI kahA hai - jo anAyAsa prApta manojJa zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ko pAkara moha nahIM karatA tathA amanojJa pApajanya azubha zabdAdi ko pAkara pradveSa bhI nahIM karatA, vahI sAdhaka paMDita arthAta jitamoha kahalAtA hai| 1148 uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kahA hai - ina pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSayoM ke grahaNa ke prati mana meM jarA bhI moha na kareM, mana ko caMcala na hone deM, vacana se acchI-burI pratikriyA prakaTa na kareM tathA kAyA ko bhI usake prabhAva se zUnya banA deN| mana meM zubha yA azubha rUpa, zabda, rasa, gandha aura sparza kA smaraNa-manana na kareM aura na Asakti, moha, lAlasA, vAsanA, lipsA Adi kreN|1149 isa prakAra, hama moha ko jIta sakate haiM, paraMtu kundakundAcArya samayasAra meM kahate haiM ki mAtra indriyoM ke viSaya ko samApta karane se moha para vijaya prApta nahIM ho sakatI, isake lie vastu ke prati jo Asakti hai, use haTAne kA prayAsa karanA caahie| isa prakAra ke vyakti ko hI 'jitamoha' kahA gayA hai| jitamoha vyakti moha ko jAna to rahA hai, dekha bhI rahA hai ki yaha burA hai, jaise- koI vyakti bAhya-rUpa se miThAI kA tyAga karatA hai, vaha jAna rahA hai ki yaha tyAga miThAI ke prati usakI jo Asakti hai, use kama karegA, usa vyakti ne bAhya-rUpa se to moha ko jIta liyA hai, paraMtu aMdara banI rahane vAlI Asakti ko nahIM jIta pAyA hai|150 yahA~ para bhI moha kI sattA mAnanI to hogii| kSINamoha' vaha hai, jo moha kA saMpUrNa rUpa se kSaya kara detA hai| jo vyakti AMtarika rUpa se bhI moha ko tyAga detA hai, vahI kSINamoha kahalAtA hai|1151 . kundakundAcArya ne moha ko jItane ke lie sarvaprathama bAhya-indriyoM ke viSaya ko tyAgane kI bAta kI, phira bAhya-vastu kA tyAga to moha ko 1148 1149 1150 tayorna vazamAgacchetau hAsya pripnthinau|| - bhagavadgItA- 3/34 AcArAgasUtra- 2/3/15/131-135 je sadda-rUva-rasa-gaMdhamAyae, phAse ya saMpappa mnnunnnnpaave| gehI paosaM na karejja paMDie, sa hoti daMte virae akiNcnnN|-uttraadhyynsuutr, vRtti 32 jo mohUM tu jiNita NANasahAvAdhiyaM muNai aad| taM jidamohaM sAhuM paramaTThAviyANayA viti|| - samayasAra, gAthA 32 jimohassa dujaiyA khINo moho havijja saahuss| taiyA hu khINamoho bhaNNadi so nnicchyviduuhi|| - vahI, gAthA 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #490
484 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke preratattva jItane ke lie kiyA, para phira bhI kucha aMza meM moha ke prati Asakti banI rhii| moha para pUrNa rUpa se vijaya prApta karanA hai, to kSayamoha se hI saMbhava hai| mokSa kA kSaya hI vyakti ko mokSa taka pahuMcA sakatA hai| 2. bhedavijJAna dvArA moha para vijaya jisa prakAra dUdha aura pAnI eka kSetrAvagAhI rahate hue bhI bhinna-bhinna haiM, vaise hI ekakSetrAvagAhI rahate hue bhI zarIra AtmA se bhinna hai, donoM ke guNa-dharma samAna nahIM haiN| jaise dUdha pAnI kI taraha ekaniSTha dikhane vAle zarIra evaM AtmA bhI eka nahIM haiM, to phira sAkSAt rUpa se bhinna-bhinna dikhAI dene vAle dhana, makAna, putra, strI Adi atyanta bhinna padArtha jIva ke kaise ho sakate haiM ? moha para vijaya pAne ke lie nirantara yaha bheda-vijJAna karate rahanA caahie| jaise nAriyala alaga hai aura chilakA alaga, dUdha alaga aura pAnI alaga hai, vaise hI zarIra alaga hai aura AtmA alaga hai, yA karma alaga aura AtmA alaga hai| yaha cintana yA vicAra karo ki yaha zarIra acetana hai, tuma cetana ho, zarIra ajJAnI hai, jar3a hai, tuma jJAnI ho, anAdikAla se moha ke kAraNa eka mAne jA rahe ho| jaise puruSArtha ke dvArA dUdha-pAnI ko alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai, vaise hI bhedajJAna dvArA moha para vijaya prApta kara AtmA aura zarIra ko bhinna-bhinna mAnA jA sakatA hai| 3. moha ko tor3ane ke lie ekatva-bhAvanA - jisakA jaisA svabhAva hai, usako usI rUpa meM na samajhanA moha hai aura jisakA jaisA svabhAva hai, usako usI svarUpa meM samajhanA hI mokSamArga kI uttama sIr3hI hai| aSTa karmoM meM sabase khataranAka moha hI hai| agara mohanIya-karma para vijaya prApta ho jAe, to aisA mAnanA cAhie ki senApati para niyaMtraNa sthApita ho gayA hai| jisa senA kA senApati niyaMtraNa meM A jAe, usa senA ke pA~va ukhar3ane meM samaya nahIM lagatA hai| duHkhamaya saMsAra ko sukhamaya mAnakara usameM Asakta rahane kA mukhya kAraNa mohanIya-karma kA hI pariNAma For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #491
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 485 "egohaM natthi me koI nAhamanassa kssvi| 1152 maiM ekAkI hU~, saMsAra ke sAre saMbaMdha nAzavAn haiM- isa prakAra kI bhAvanA moha-baMdhana ko tor3ane ke lie khaDga ke samAna hai| 4. akelA AyA hU~, akelA jAU~gA, isa ekatva-bhAvanA se moha para vijaya pAeM - moha ko jItane ke lie yaha bhAva sadA rakhanA cAhie ki 'akelA AyA hU~, akelA jAU~gA' / jaba yaha bAta maMtrarUpeNa vyakti ke jIvana meM rama jAe, to moha kA astitva hI khatma ho jaaegaa| vyakti akelA hI garbha meM utpanna hotA hai aura apanA zarIra banAtA hai, vaha janmatA bhI akelA hai, kramazaH bAla, kizora, yuvAna aura vRddha bhI akelA hI hotA hai, akelA hI roga-zoka bhogatA hai, akelA hI saMtApa-vedanA sahatA hai aura akele hI maratA hai, akelA hI naraka ke duHkha sahana karatA hai| naraka meM paravazatA se duHkha akele ko hI sahana karane par3ate haiN| moha ke kAraNa vyakti apekSA rakhanA prAraMbha kara detA hai aura apekSA kI pUrti nahIM hotI hai, to vaha duHkhI hotA hai, isalie mana meM jaba yaha dRr3ha saMkalpa rahegA ki maiM akelA AyA hU~ aura akelA hI jAU~gA, dUsare svajana-parijana merA kucha bhI nahIM kara sakate, isase nizcita rUpa se moha para jaya kI jA sakatI hai| . prazamarati meM umAsvAti ne bhI kahA hai - "mai akelA hU~, akelA paidA hotA hU~ aura maratA bhI akelA hI hU~, naraka meM jAtA hU~, to bhI akelA aura svarga kI saira karatA hU~, to bhI akelA, maiM akelA hI manuSya-gati meM janma letA hUM aura pazuyoni meM jAU~, to bhI maiM svayaM hI - yaha cintana satata karate rahanA caahie| 153 5. samatva se 'moha para vijaya - yadi sabhI karmoM se mukti pAnA hai tathA zArIrika-mAnasika saMtApoM se, klezoM se mukta honA hai, to ekatva aura samatva kI ArAdhanA karanA hogI, ekatva-bhAvanA kA cintana pratidina karanA hogaa| upAdhyAya zrI 1152 1153 AvazyakasUtra, gAthA 7 ekaMsya janma maraNe, gatayazca zubhAzubhA bhvaavrte| tasmAdAkAlikA hitamekenaivAtmanaH kAryam / / - prazamaratiprakaraNa - 153 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #492
486 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vinayavijayajI zAntasudhArasa graMtha meM cauthI ekatva-bhAvanA ko samajhAte hue kahate haiM - "sonA jaisI kImatI dhAtu bhI yadi halkI dhAtu se mila jAtI hai, to apanA nirmala rUpa kho baiThatI hai, vaise hI AtmA parabhAva meM apanA nirmala rUpa kho baiThatI hai| 1154 "parabhAva ke prapaMca meM par3I huI AtmA na jAne kitane svAMga racatI hai, para vahI AtmA anAdi karmoM ke maila se mukta ho jAe, to zuddha sone kI bhA~ti camaka uThatI hai|1159 hamane bahuta bAra manuSya-janma pAyA, parantu AdhyAtma-ciMtana nahIM kiyaa| aba AdhyAtmika-dRSTi pAkara moha kI chAtI meM AtmA ke ekatva kA tIra mAranA hI hai, moha mamatva ko naSTa karanA hI hai| vAra ananta cukIyA cetn| iNa avasara mata cuuk| mAra nizAna moharAya kI chAtI meM mata uk|| isa prakAra, moha para vijaya prApta karane ke lie jJAnasAra meM yazovijayajI ne moha-aSTaka ke mAdhyama se, moha para vijaya kisa prakAra se ho, isakI carcA kI hai,1156 jise hama yahA~ yathAvat prastuta kara rahe haiM - ahaM mameti mantro'yaM, mohasya jagadAndhyakRt / ayameva hi napUrvaH, pratimantro'pi mohajit ||1|| 'maiM' aura 'merA' -yaha 'moha' rAjA kA maMtra hai, vaha jagat ko aMdhA aura ajJAnI banAnevAlA hai, jabaki isakA pratirodhaka maMtra bhI hai, jo moha para vijaya hAsila karAnevAlA hai| zuddhAtmadravyamevA'haM, zuddhajJAnaM guNo mm| nAnyo'haM na mamAnye ce-tyaho mohastramulvaNam / / 2|| 1154 pazya kAMcanamitarapudgalamilitamaMcati kAM dshaam| kevalasya tu tasya rUpaM viditameva bhavAdRzAm / / - zAntasudhArasa graMtha-4/5 1155 1) evamAtmani karmavazato bhavati ruupmnekdhaa| karmamalarahite tu bhagavati bhAsate kAncavidhA / / - vahI-4/6 2) pravacanasAra, gAthA-7 1156 jJAnasAra -mohatyAga, 4, gAthA 25-32, zrI bhadraguptavijayajI, pR. 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #493
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 487 ___ moha kA hanana karanevAlA eka hI amogha zastra hai aura vaha hai : maiM zuddha Atma-dravya hU~, kevalajJAna merA sthAyI guNa hai, maiM usase alaga nahIM aura anya padArtha mere nahIM, isa prakAra kA cintana krnaa| isase moha samApta hone lagatA hai| yo na muhyati lagneSu, bhAveSvaudayikAdiSu / AkAzamiva paD.kena, nA'sau pApena lipyate / / 3 / / jo jIva lage hue audAyika bhAvoM meM mohamUr3ha nahIM hotA hai, vaha jIva, jisa taraha kIcar3a se AkAza lipta nahIM hotA, ThIka vaise hI pApoM se lipta nahIM hotaa| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki moha rAjA bhale hI anekavidha bAhya-Abhyantara AkarSaNa paidA kare, apanA jAla phailAe, para jIvAtmA ko usake vazIbhUta nahIM honA cAhie, balki usase dUra rahanA cAhie, taba moha kA jIva para prabhAva nahIM par3egA, vaha moha bAra-bAra prayatna karake hAra jaaegaa| jisa taraha koI vyakti AkAza ko malina karane ke lie kIcar3a uchAle, to usase AkAza malina nahIM hotA, ThIka usI taraha, moha dvArA uchAle gae kIcar3a se AtmA malina nahIM hotI aura nA hI vaha pApa ke adhIna hotI hai| ___kahA gayA hai - arAga-adveSa ke kavaca ko moha ke tIkSNa tIra bhI bhedane meM pUrNatayA asamartha haiN| pazyanneva paradravya-nATakaM pratipATakam / bhavacakrapurastho'pi, nADamUDhaH parikhidyate / / 4 / / anAdi-anaMta karma-pariNAmarUpa rAjA kI rAjadhAnI-svarUpa bhavacakra nAmaka nagara meM vAsa karate hue bhI ekendriya Adi nagara kI galI-galI meM para-dravya ke janma-jarA aura maraNarUpI nATaka ko dekhatI huI mohavimukta AtmA duHkhI nahIM hotii| vikalpacaSakairAtmA, pItamohA''savo hyayam / bhavoccatAlamuttAla - prapaJcamadhitiSThati / / 5 / / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #494
488 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vikalparUpI madirA-pAtroM se sadA moha-madirA kA pAna karanevAlA yaha jIvAtmA, sacamuca jahA~ hAtha U~ce kara tAliyA~ bajAne kI ceSTA kI jAtI hai, vaise saMsArarUpI madirAlaya kA Azraya letA hai| moha-madirA kA nazA, arthAt vaiSayika-sukhoM kI cAha, usameM aTakA jI na jAne kaise unmatta, pAgala bana maujamastI karatA hai| jaba taka moha-madirA ke caMgula se AjAda na huA jAe, vikalpa ke madirA-pAtra pheMka na die jAeM, taba taka nirvikAra jJAnAnanda meM sthirabhAva asaMbhava hai| jaba taka jJAnAnanda meM sthira na hoM, taba taka parabrahma meM magna honA to dUra rahA, usakA sparza taka kaThina hai| sthiratA ke pAtra se jJAnAmRta kA pAna karane vAlI jIvAtmA hI vivekI, vizuddha vyavahArI bana sakatI hai| nirmalaM sphaTikasyeva, sahaja rUpamAtmanaH / adhyastopAdhi sambandho, jar3astatra vimuhyati / / 6 / / __ AtmA kA svAbhAvika siddha svarUpa sphaTika jaisA nirmala hai| usameM upAdhi kA saMbaMdha Aropita karake avivekI jIva usameM phaMsatA hai| anAropasukhaM moh-tyaagaadnubhvnnpi| AropapriyalokeSu, vaktumAzcaryavAn bhavet / / 7 / / vItarAga sarvajJa bhagavan dvArA pratipAdita yogamArga para niraMtara gatizIla yogI puruSa, devAdhideva kI ananyakRpA se jaba moha kA kSaya-upazama karane vAlA banatA hai aura usa para chAe mohAdi-AvaraNa ke prabhAva ko nahIMvat banA detA hai, taba AtmA ke svAbhAvika sukhoM kA anubhava karatA hai aura rAta-dina asatyAcaraNa meM khoe mithyAtvI jIvoM ko apanA anubhava kahane meM Azcarya karatA hai| yazciddarpaNavinyasta-samastA''cAracArUdhIH / kva nAma sa paradravye-'nupayogini muhyati? || 8 / / __paradravya taba taka hI mana ko malina, mohita karane meM samartha hotA hai, jaba taka zIze ke darpaNa meM manuSya apane saundarya aura vyaktitva ko For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #495
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva dekhane kA prayatna karatA hai / vaha jaise-jaise AtmasvarUpa ke darpaNa meM apane vyaktitva ko (jJAna - darzana - cAritra Adi) sundaratA ko gaura se dekhane kA prayatna karatA hai, vaise-vaise paradravyoM ke prati rahI Asakti, prIti-bhAva kama hone lagatA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jyoM-jyoM jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM vIryAcAra - ye pAMca AcAroM ke pAlana kI gati bar3hatI jAegI, tyoM-tyoM Atma - svarUpa kI sundaratA meM bar3hotarI hone se - dravyoM ke sambandha meM jIvAtmA kI Asakti (moha) kama hone lgegii| para (ba) zoka - saMjJA (Instinct of Sorrow} zoka-saMjJA kA svarUpa 1158 saMjJAoM ke SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa ke antargata 'zokasaMjJA' kA krama pandrahavAM hai| zoka vastutaH eka manogatabhAva hai, jo iSTaviyoga aura aniSTa - saMyoga ke kAraNa hotA hai|' yaha hama svAbhAvika rUpa se dekhate haiM ki jaba hamArI kisI priya vastu yA svajana kA saMyoga hotA hai, to mana prasanna ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI jaba aniSTa yA pratikUla vyakti kA saMyoga hotA hai, to mana khinna ho jAtA hai| aisA manobhAva lagabhaga sabhI jIvadhAriyoM ke vyavahAra meM dekhA jAtA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, vanaspati - jagat bhI isase prabhAvita hotA hai| jainadarzana meM zoka ko saMjJA aura manovijJAna meM eka mUlapravRtti kahA gayA hai| 1157 jainadarzana ke anusAra, vastutaH zoka nokaSAya - mohanIyakarma kI eka pravRtti hai| no- kaSAya cAra pradhAna kaSAyoM ke pariNAma hote haiM yA unheM uttejita karate haiN| jisa karma ke udaya se jIva kisI nimittapUrvaka athavA binA kisI nimitta ke bhI zokAkula hotA hai, use zoka - mohanIyakarma kahate haiM 1158 1157 1) AcArAMgasUtra - 1/2 / 2 vivecanA 2) abhidhAnarAjendrakoza khaNDa - 7, pR. 301 489 sa ca sacitAcittAmizrANamiSThAnAM viyogena, aniSTAnAM saMyogena ca bhavati / abhidhAna rAjendrakoza, bhAga-7, pR. 1157 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #496
490 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva abhidhAnarAjendrakoza meM iSTa kA viyoga hone para jo udvega citta meM utpanna hotA hai, use zoka kahA gayA hai| 159 sthAnAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -nokaSAya aura vedanIyakarma ke udaya se jIva priya vastu yA vyakti ke virahAdi nimittoM meM athavA pUrva meM bhoge hue duHkha ke prasaMgoM ko yAda karake rotA hai, cIkhatA hai, cillAtA hai, Akrandana karatA hai, chAtI pITatA hai, mAthe ko dIvAra se TakarAtA hai, bhUmi para loTatA hai, AtmahatyA karane ko prerita hotA hai, use zoka kahate haiN|1180 sarvArthasiddhi meM ullekha hai - upakAra karanevAle se sambandha ke TUTa jAne para jo vikalatA hotI hai, vaha zoka hai| 161 dhavalA meM kahA gayA hai ki zoka aratipUrvaka hotA hai, jahA~ arati hai, vahA~ zoka hai|162 bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki zoka se asAtAvedanIya-karma kA baMdha hotA hai, 1163 kyoMki jaba jIva dUsaroM ko duHkha detA hai, rulAtA hai, pITatA hai, paritApa detA hai, zoka utpanna karatA hai, to jIva asAtAvedanIya-karma kA baMdha karatA hai| tattvArthAsUtra meM bhI isI bAta kA samarthana karate hue AcArya umAsvAti likhate haiM ki duHkha, zoka, tApa, Akrandana, vadha, parivedana svayaM karane se, anya ko karAne se athavA donoM ko eka sAtha utpanna karane se asAtAvedanIya-karma kA baMdha hotA hai| 1164 zoka kA vistAra-kSetra bahuta vizAla hai| jaba zoka utpanna hotA hai, to vaha svayaM ko to zokagrasta karatA hI hai, sAtha hI usake Asa-pAsa ke prANI bhI usa zoka se prabhAvita hote haiN| krodha vastutaH vyakta hokara samApta ho jAtA hai, paraMtu zoka vyakti ko dImaka kI taraha khokhalA banA detA hai| zoka jaba utpanna hotA hai, to vyakti nirAza ho jAtA hai| use saMsAra kI koI bhI vastu iSTa nahIM lagatI hai| vaha andara hI andara apane Apako 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1) iSTaviyoganAzAdijanite cittodvege - vahI 2) niyamasAra, gAthA 131 nokaSAyavedanIyakarmabhede, yadudayena zokarahitasyApi jIva syAkrandanAdiH zoko jaayte| -sthAnAMgasUtra- 9/69 anugrAhakasaMbandhavicchede vaiklavyavizeSaH zokaH / - sarvAthasiddhi-6/11-338/12 aradIe viNA sogaannuppttiie| - dhavalA- 12/4 paradukkhaNayAye, parasoyaNayAe, paratippaNayAe, parapiTTaNayAe, para pariyAvaNayAe, bahUNaM jAva sattANaM dukkhaNayAe soyaNayAe jAva pariyAvaNayAe evaM khalu goyamA! jIvANaM assAyAveyaNijjAkammA kijjnte| - bhagavatI, za. 7 u. 6, sU. 286 duHkhazoka tApAkrandanavadhaparivedanAnyAtma parobhayasthAnAnya sddedysy|-tttvaarthsuutr- 6/12 1164 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #497
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva naSTa karane kI yojanA banAtA rahatA hai aura AtmahatyA karane ke lie bhI tatpara ho jAtA hai / manovijJAna jise nirAzA, vizAda (Depression}, udAsI, khinnatA, tanAva [Tension} yA cintA kahatA hai, vastutaH ve saba zoka ke hI rUpa haiM / zoka eka aisI mAnasika vikRti hai, jisameM vyakti ke bhAva ( feelings }, saMvega {emotions} evaM tatsambandhI mAnasika - dazAoM meM itanA utAra-car3hAva hotA hai ki usakA apanA dina-pratidina kA jIvana bhI astavyasta ho jAtA hai| vizAda ke kAraNa vyakti ke sAmAjika evaM vaiyaktika - jIvana meM bhI aneka taraha kI samasyAe~ utpanna ho jAtI haiM / vastutaH, manovaijJAnika aisA mAnate haiM ki jaba vyakti viSAda kI avasthA meM hotA hai, to bhUkha, nIMda evaM zArIrika - vajana meM kamI hotI jAtI hai / vyakti kI kriyAzakti kama ho jAtI hai, usakI apanI abhiruci {interest} khatma ho jAtI hai tathA usakA kisI kArya meM mana nahIM lagatA hai / aise vyaktiyoM meM nIMda kI kamI, zArIrika - vajana meM kamI, thakAna, spaSTa rUpa se socane kI kSamatA meM kamI tathA apane ayogya hone kA bhAva utpanna ho jAtA hai, yahA~ taka ki AtmahatyA [suicide } kI pravRtti Adi bhI isake kAraNa hI hotI hai|' 1165 491 viSAda arthAt udAsI eka vikAra hai| Diprezana eka bar3A roga hai| udAsa vyakti apanI kSamatAoM kA ThIka se upayoga nahIM kara pAtA hai, usakI zaktiyA~ murajhA jAtI haiM, kSINa ho jAtI haiM, sImita ho jAtI haiM, jabaki prasanna rahane vAlA vyakti apanI zaktiyoM kA sahI upayoga kara pAtA hai| ataH, spaSTa hai ki zoka aura udAsI vyakti kI zArIrika aura mAnasika-zakti ko kamajora banA detI hai / zoka ArttadhyAna kA hI eka rUpa hai jainadarzana meM zoka ko saMjJA ( mUlapravRtti) ke rUpa meM, nokaSAya ke rUpa meM aura ArttadhyAna ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH, 1165 Adhunika asAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNakumAra siMha, pR. 444 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #498
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zabda - saMracanA kI dRSTi se saba alaga-alaga pratIta hote haiM, paraMtu mUla meM sabakA svarUpa prAyaH samAna hI hai / zoka-saMjJA aura nokaSAya ke rUpa meM zoka kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| yahA~ hama ArttadhyAna ke rUpa meM zoka kI carcA kareMge / 492 "Rte bhavam Arttam"- isa niyukti ke anusAra, Rta arthAt duHkha ke nimitta ke kAraNa saMkliSTa adhyavasAya kA nAma ArttadhyAna hai / ArttadhyAna f 'artti' zabda kA artha cintA, pIr3A, zoka, duHkha, kaSTa Adi haiN| isake sambandha se jo dhyAna hotA hai, vaha ArttadhyAna hai| jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna ko 'cittanirodha' kahA hai| 1166 citta kA nirodha ho jAnA hI dhyAna hai| 'dhyAna' zabda kA sAmAnya artha cetanA kA kisI eka viSaya yA bindu para kendrita honA hai / ' 11167 cetanA jisa viSaya para kendrita hotI hai, vaha prazasta yA aprazasta - donoM hI ho sakatA hai| isa hetu se dhyAna ke cAra prakAra kahe gae haiM - 1. ArttadhyAna, 2. raudradhyAna, 3. dharmadhyAna aura 4. zukladhyAna / 68 tattvArthasUtra meM 'paremokSahetuH sUtra se spaSTa hotA hai ki prAraMbha ke do dhyAna Artta aura raudra-dhyAna saMsAra ke hetu yA saMsAra bar3hAne vAle haiM aura pare arthAt anta ke do dhyAna (dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna) mokSa ke kAraNa haiM / 1168 1169 prastuta prasaMga meM saMsAravartI sakarmI jIvoM ko zubha yA azubha karmoM ke udaya se kramazaH iSTa kA saMyoga aura aniSTa kA viyoga tathA iSTa kA viyoga aura aniSTa kA saMyoga anAdikAla se hotA AyA hai| isa saMyoga-viyoga ke kAraNoM se mana meM saMkalpa - vikalpa utpanna hote hI rahate 1166 1167 1168 1169 1) uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnam / - tattvArthasUtra - 9 / 27 2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - 30/35 dhyAnazataka - 2 1) cattAri jhANA paNNattA, taM jahA - aTThejhANe, roddejhANe, dhammejhANe, sukkejhANe - bhagavatI, za. 25, u.7, sUtra 237 2) dhyAnazataka - 5 3) ArttaraudradharmazuklAni, - tattvArthasUtra - 9 / 29 4) jaina dharma aura tAntrika sAdhanA, DaoN.sAgaramala jaina, pR. 258 tattvArthasUtra - 9/30 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #499
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 493 haiN| ise hI 'ArtadhyAna' kahate haiM aura isa ArtadhyAna kA jo bhAva hai, vahI zoka hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM, to cetanA rAga yA Asakti meM DUbakara kisI vastu aura usakI upalabdhi kI AzA para kendrita hotI hai, to use ArttadhyAna kahA jA sakatA hai| aprApta vastu kI prApti kI AkAMkSA yA prApta vastu ke viyoga kI saMbhAvanA kI cintA meM citta kA DUbanA ArtadhyAna hai|1170 jinezvara bhagavAn ne isake mukhya cAra bheda kahe haiM171 - 1. amanojJa-aniSTa saMyoga - aniSTa athavA apriya (vyakti, vastu Adi) kA saMyoga hone para usake viyoga ke lie bAra-bAra cintA krnaa| 2. manojJa iSTa saMyoga - iSTa kA saMyoga hone para usakA viyoga na hone kI bAra-bAra cintA krnaa| 3. AtaMka - jvara, kuSTa Adi aneka prakAra ke rogoM kI prApti hone para, athavA pratikUla paristhiti Ane para yaha vicAra hotA hai ki isakA zIghra nAza ho- isa prakAra duHkha yA kaSTa Ane para usake dUra hone kI bAra-bAra cintA krnaa| 5. bhogecchA - anubhava kie athavA bhoge hue kAma-bhogoM ke viyoga na hone kI vAMchA karanA aura usakA vicAra karate rhnaa| __ mUlataH ArttadhyAna vartamAna ke sambandha meM to hotA hI hai; kintu yaha bhaviSya kI AzaMkA-kuzaMkAoM ke anavarata vicAra ke rUpa meM bhI hotA hai, joki zokasvarUpa hai| zarIra aura sAMsArika-bhogoM Adi ke viSaya meM hone se yaha saMsAra bar3hAne vAlA hai, ataH ise durdhyAna kahA gayA hai| 1170 1171 tattvArthasUtra -9/31 1) aTTe jhANe caubihe paNNatte, taM jahA -amaNuNNasaMpaogasaMpautte tassa vippaoga saMti samaNA gae yAvi bhavati ....... | - bhagavatI, za.25, u.7, sUtra 238 2) tattvArthasUtra -9/32 3) sthAnAMgasUtra -4/60-72 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #500
494 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vastutaH, yaha spaSTa hai ki uttama samAdhi kI prApti sAtaveM (apramattasaMyata) guNasthAna meM hotI hai, ataH ArttadhyAna sAtaveM guNasthAna se pahale-pahale, arthAt chaThaveM pramattasaMyata-guNasthAna taka hotA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM 1172 ArttadhyAna ke nimna cAra lakSaNoM kA ullekha huA hai| vastutaH, jaba zoka vyApta hotA hai, taba bhI yahI lakSaNa sAmAnyataH dekhane meM Ate haiN| 1. krandanatA - ucca svara se ronaa| 2. zocanatA - dInatA prakaTa karate hue zoka krnaa| 3. tepanatA - A~sU bhaanaa| 4. paridevanatA - karuNA-janaka vilApa krnaa| zoka ke duSpariNAma - zoka eka mAnasika avasthA hai, mAnasika avasthA do prakAra kI hotI hai, eka -prasannatA kI aura dUsarI -udAsI (zoka) kii| eka khilA huA phUla hai, to dUsarA murajhAyA huA phUla / vikasita phUla sabako acchA lagatA hai aura murajhAyA huA phUla acchA nahIM lagatA, usI prakAra prasannatA jahA~ vyakti ko sakriya karatI hai, vahIM udAsI use niSkriya karatI hai| zoka kI avasthA meM vyakti kA citta astavyasta ho jAtA hai aura usake AsapAsa rahe vyakti bhI zoka ke kAraNa prabhAvita ho jAte haiM, jaise - kalpasUtra meM 1173 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mAtA ke garbha meM rahate hue yaha vicAra kiyA ki anya mAtAoM kA garbha jaba phiratA hai, taba usake peTa meM pIr3A hotI hai, isalie maiM hilanA-calanA baMda kara dUM, jisase merI mAtA sukhI hogii| aisA nizcaya kara udara ke eka hisse meM prabhu nizcalatA se raha gae, taba trizalAdevI ko isa prakAra kA zoka vyApta ho gyaa| vaha kahane lagI "aho! merA garbha kisI duSTa deva ne hara liyA hai, yA garbha mara gayA hai- cyava ho gayA hai, gala gayA hai, khira gayA athavA sthAna-bhraSTa ho gayA hai| pahale merA garbha hilatA thA, calatA thA, aba calatA-phiratA nahIM hai, merA garbha kuzala nahIM hai|" trizalA devI kA mana khinna ho jAtA hai| kheda huA, 1172 1175 sthAnAMgasUtra -4/60-72 zrI kalpasUtra, zrI AnandasAgarasUrizvarajI ma.sA., gAthA 91, pR. 160 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #501
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zokasamudra meM praveza kara, mu~ha nIce kara, gAla para hAtha dharakara dRSTi jamIna para rakhakara ve socane lagI aura isa taraha zokagrasta hokara kahane lagI paMDitajanoM ne satya hI kahA hai ki abhAgiyoM ke ghara para ciMtAmaNi - ratna nahIM Thahara sakatA, daridriyoM ke ghara nidhAna prakaTa nahIM hotA, alpa puNyavAloM kI amRta-pAna kI icchA pUrI nahIM ho sakatI / he deva ! mujhe dhikkAra ho, tumane aisA kyA kiyA ? merA manoratharUpI vRkSa jar3amUla se ukhAr3a diyaa| pahale netra dekara phira chIna lie / mujhe meruparvata para car3hAkara jamIna para paTaka diyaa| aho ! aho ! kyA karU~ ? kahA~ jAU~ ? kisake Age pukAra karU~... ? trizalA mAtA ke zokagrasta hone para rAjya sabhA meM nRtya - gIta, gAna, vAjiMtra Adi banda karA die gae, U~cI AvAja se koI bola nahIM sakatA, rAjA siddhArtha zoka - sAgara meM DUba gae, rAjamahala sArA zUnya ho gayA, sArI rAjadhAnI meM zoka chA gayA, rAjadhAnI duHkhoM kA bhaMDAra ho gaI, saMtApa kA sAgara bana gayA, khAna-pAna - dAna - snAna - bolanA - sonA mAnoM saba vismaraNa ho gayA, tamAma nAgarika zUnyacitta aura vimUr3ha ho ge| isa prakAra, samagra kSatriyakuMDa grAma zoka-samudra meM nimagna ho gayA hai|' 1174 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne avadhijJAna se dekhA ki mere viyoga ke kAraNa mAtA- pitA evaM nagarajana zokAkula ho rahe haiM / mAtAdi ko azubha karmoM kA baMdhana na ho, isalie unhoMne zoka kA parihAra kiyA aura garbha meM yaha abhigraha liyA ki mAtA - pitA ke jIvita rahate maiM dIkSA nahIM lUMgA, kyoMki unheM akuzalAnubaMdhI zoka hogaa| 175 yahA~ akuzalAnubaMdhI - zoka kA tAtparya apane iSTa ke viyoga se hai / 1174 1175 zoka ke duSpariNAma nimna haiM 495 - 1. zoka ke kAraNa udAsI [ Sadness }, nirAzA (hopelessness }, duHkha { unhappiness ], doSabhAva, bekArI kA bhAva Adi pradhAna hote haiN| inameM udAsI sabase pradhAna lakSaNa hai / zrI kalpasUtra, jinaAnaMdasAgarasUrizvarajI ma.sA., gAthA - 92, pR. 161 bhagavaMittha nAyaM pariharamANe akusalANabaMdhi ammApiisogaMti / - paMcasUtra, adhyAya-3, gAthA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #502
496 - jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 2. zoka ke kAraNa vyakti dravita ho jAtA hai, A~khoM se A~sU bahanA, chAtI pITanA, dUsare jIvoM ko rulAnA, zokasaMtapta karanA Adi kriyAkalApa karatA hai aura ina hetuoM se zoka-mohanIyakarma kA baMdhana karatA hai| jaba yaha karma udaya meM AtA hai, taba jIva zokasAgara meM DUba jAtA hai| 3. zoka ke kAraNa ciMtA anxiety} aura tanAva {tension} adhika bar3ha jAtA hai, isa kAraNa unheM apane zauka hobby, manoraMjana tathA parivAra -sabhI arthahIna lagate haiM, inase unheM kisI prakAra kA koI Ananda nahIM aataa| manovaijJAnika to yahA~ taka kahate haiM ki viSAda (zoka) ke kAraNa pramukha jaivika-kriyAe~, jaise- bhojana evaM yauna sambandha bhI inake lie koI sArthaka sukha kA sAdhana nahIM raha jAtI haiN|1176 4. zoka vyakti ke citta meM nakArAtmaka bhAvoM kA uddIpaka bana jAtA hai| zokAvasthA meM vyakti itanA udAsa ho jAtA hai ki vaha apane-Apako samApta karane ke lie bhI tatpara ho jAtA hai| 5. AcArya mahAprajJajI ne udAsI kA eka kAraNa graMthiyoM kA rasAyana-srAva saMtulita nahIM honA bhI mAnA hai| jerATonina rasAyana kI kamI ke kAraNa udAsI akAraNa hI A jAtI hai| 117 yaha mastiSka kA eka rasAyana hai| isakI kamI yA asaMtulana udAsI (zoka) kA kAraNa banatA hai| 6. zoka ke kAraNa vyakti vastu-tattva kA sahI jJAna nahIM kara sakatA, isalie zoka mukti meM bAdhaka hai| 7. zoka ke kAraNa vyakti kA ciMtana nakArAtmaka ho jAtA hai| vaha apane-Apako asaphala, ayogya aura doSabhAva {guilt feeling} se yukta mAnatA hai| aisA vyakti jIvana meM jaba-jaba asaphala hotA hai, usakA pUrNa dAyitva vaha apane Upara le letA hai aura apane bhaviSya ko nirAzA evaM udAsI se bharA samajhatA hai, isa kAraNa, 1176 1177 Adhunika asAmAnya manovijJAna, arUNakumAra siMha, pR. 445 soyA mana jaga jAe, AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 100 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 497 usakI bauddhika kSamatA intellectual ability} dina-pratidina giratI jAtI hai aura saMzaya {Confusion} bar3hatA jAtA hai| vaha ghaTanAoM ko ThIka DhaMga se yAda nahIM rakha pAtA hai| zoka ke kAraNa vaha choTI-choTI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI ThIka DhaMga se nahIM kara pAtA hai| 8. zoka ke kAraNa bhUkha kama lagatI hai tathA zArIrika-vajana meM kamI AtI hai, yA isake viparIta bhUkha adhika lagatI hai yA zArIrikavajana meM vRddhi hotI hai| 9. UrjA kI kamI tathA thakAna kA anubhava hotA hai| 10. zokagrasta vyakti apanI jiMdagI kI kriyAoM evaM dabAvoM se bacane ke lie AtmahatyA {suicide) karane meM bhI nahIM hickicaataa| vastutaH, zoka eka mAnasika-vikAra hai, jise sakArAtmaka vicAroM ke mAdhyama se haTAyA jA sakatA hai| agale adhyAya meM, zoka para vijaya kisa prakAra se kareM- isa bAta kI carcA kreNge| zoka para vijaya kaise ? / zoka kA viparIta zabda utsAha hai, zoka tabhI hotA hai, jahA~ utsAha kI kamI hotI hai| jahA~ utsAha hai, AtmavizvAsa hai, dRr3ha nizcaya aura puruSArtha hai, vahA~ zoka kabhI bhI apanA sAmrAjya sthApita nahIM kara sktaa| zoka para vijaya hama mana kI dRr3hatA aura majabUta vicAroM ke dvArA kara sakate haiM, kyoMki vyakti zoka tabhI karatA hai, jaba usako nirAzA aura asaphalatA prApta hotI hai| vaha asaphalatA ko hI apanA mAnakara nirutsAha hokara zoka-sAgara meM DUba jAtA hai, jaise "gaNadhara gautama kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati asIma anurAga thaa| gautama jaba devazarmA ko pratibodha dene ke bAda vApasa pAvApurI kI ora A rahe the, usa samaya jAte hue devatAoM ke mukhoM se tathA avarUddha kaNThoM se eka hI zabda nikala rahA thA -"Aja jJAna kA sUrya asta ho gayA hai, prabhu mahAvIra nirvANa ko prApta ho gae haiN| antima darzana karane zIghra clo|" devoM ke mukha se niHsRta ukta zabda gautama ke kAnoM meM pahuMce aura ve sahasA For Personal & Private Use Only

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498 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva nirAdhAra, nirIha, asahAya bAlaka kI bhAMti sisakiyA~ bharate hue vilApa karane lage178 "prabhu to padhAra gae, aba merA kauna hai ?" antara kI gaharI vedanA ubharane lagI, dizAe~ andhakAramaya pratIta hone lagI aura citta meM zUnyatA vyApta hone lgii| tanika jAgrata hote hI upAlambha ke svaroM meM ve bola uThe "he prabhu! Apane mujha raMka para yaha asahanIya vajrapAta kaise kara DAlA ? mujhe majhadhAra meM chor3akara kaise cala die ? aba merA hAtha kauna pakar3egA ? merA kyA hogA? merI naukA kauna pAra lagAegA ? he prabho! Apane yaha kyA kiyA ? mere sAtha kaisA anyAya kara DAlA ? vizvAsa dekaraM vizvAsa bhaMga kyoM kiyA ? aba mere praznoM kA uttara kauna degA ? merI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kauna karegA ? maiM kise prabhu kahU~gA? aba mujhe 'hai gautama!' kahakara prema se kauna bulAegA ? he karuNAsindhu! mere kisa aparAdha ke badale Apane aisI kaThoratA baratakara anta samaya meM mujhe dUra kara diyA?1179 aisI dayanIya evaM karuNa sthiti meM bhI unake A~suoM ko poMchane vAlA, bhagna hRdaya ko AzvAsana dene vAlA aura gahana zoka ke saMtApa ko dUra karane vAlA isa pRthvItala para Aja koI na thaa| jaba gautama meM AtmanirIkSaNa tathA prazasta zubha adhyavasAyoM kA dIpaka prakAzita huA, moha, mAyA, mamatA ke zeSa bandhana kSaNamAtra meM bhasmIbhUta ho ge| unakI AtmA ekatva bhAvanA ke sAtha pUrNa nirmala bana gaI aura unake jIvana meM kevalajJAna kA divya prakAza vyApta ho gyaa| isa prakAra, unakA samasta zoka samApta ho gyaa| gautama ko jJAta ho gayA ki prabhu ke prati mamatA, Asakti, anurAga kI dRSTi to maiM hI rakhatA thA, merA yaha prema ekapakSIya thaa| merI isa rAgadRSTi ko dUra karane ke lie hI prabhu ne anta samaya meM mujhe dUra kara, prakAza kA mArga dikhAkara, mujha para anugraha kiyA hai| 180 1178 1179 1) bhagavatIsUtra- 14/7 2) bhagavAn mahAvIra, upAdhyAya kevala muni, pR. 192 1) gautamarAsaH parizIlana, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, pR. 56-61 2) zrIkalpasUtra gautamarAsa : parizIlana, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, pR. 61 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 499 AtmavizvAsa zoka ko samApta karatA hai 1181_ svayaM kA svayaM para vizvAsa honA sudRr3ha vyaktitva kI pahacAna hai| Atma- vizvAsa vyaktitva-vikAsa kA eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai| Aja kA vyakti thor3I-sI asaphalatA aura aniSTa kI prApti para zoka karatA hai tathA nirAzA, hatAzA, avasAda, nirutsAha ke cakravyUha meM ghira jAtA hai| vyakti zarIra se bUr3hA ho, para mana se nahIM, kyoMki kahA gayA hai - "mana ke hAre hAra hai, mana ke jIte jiit|" jisake hRdaya meM utsAha, UrjA, umaMga aura AzA hai, vaha vRddhAvasthA meM bhI yuvA hai| zoka, saMtApa, nirAzA, aniSTa vastueM usako prabhAvita nahIM kara sktiiN| hameM yaha vizvAsa rahanA cAhie ki hara AtmA meM anaMta zakti bharI par3I hai, AvazyakatA hai sirpha usa para rahe AvaraNa ko haTAne kii| bhaya, AzaMkA, hIna bhAvanA se svayaM ko sadA dUra rkheN| jahA~ bhI AtmavizvAsa kA dIpaka jalegA, zokarUpI aMdhakAra usake astitva ko chU na sakegA, kyoMki 'AtmavizvAsa hI sampUrNa saphalatAoM kI jananI hai|' dRr3ha nizcaya se zoka para vijaya - dRr3ha nizcaya ke jAgate hI supta zaktiyA~ sakriya ho uThatI haiM, jo nizcita rUpa se vyakti ke mana meM chAI udAsI aura zokAvasthA ko samApta kara detI haiN| jaba mana meM lakSya pAne kI chaTapaTAhaTa ho, to saMkalpazakti svataH hI saMgRhIta aura tIvra ho jAtI hai, phira udAsI aura zoka kA koI sthAna nahIM hotaa| vaha vyakti lakSya ko prApta kara hI vizrAma letA hai| yaha saMkalpazakti sabhI meM samAhita hai, AvazyakatA hai, ise jAgrata karane kii| khudI ko kara bulaMda itanA, ki hara takadIra se pahale khudA baMde se khuda pUche, batA terI rajA kyA hai ? sAhasa - zoka ke kAraNa vyakti apane-Apako nirutsAhI-asahAyI mAnatA hai, para jo vyakti sAhasI, utsAhI hotA hai, vaha kabhI zoka nahIM krtaa| 1181 ___ 1) saphalatA kA saphara, sohanalAla kamala sipAnI, pR. 9 2) ApakI saphalatA Apake hAtha, zrI candraprabha, pR. 37 3) mana kA sampUrNa vijJAna, dIpa trivedI, pR. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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500 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sAhasI kabhI hArate nahIM haiM, ve hara asaphalatA ke bAda dogune sAhasa evaM caugune utsAha ke sAtha apane lakSya kI ora Age bar3hate haiN| abrAhama liMkana satraha bAra parAjita hone ke bAda cunAva meM jIte aura amerikA ke rASTrapati bne| sAhasa pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke bIca samAdhAna DhUMDha letA hai| jahA~ sAhasa kI rozanI hai, vahA~ bhaya, cintA, AzaMkA, thakAna, nirAzA, asaphalatA kA koI astitva nhiiN| 'sarva sattve pratiSThitam', yadi ApameM sattva hai, himmata hai, sAhasa hai, to saba kucha hai, anyathA kucha bhI nahIM hai| jahA~ sAhasa hai, vahA~ siddhi hai| puruSArtha - . zoka aura nirAzA ko puruSArtha ke mAdhyama se bhI haTAne kA prayAsa kara sakate haiN| madhumakkhiyA~ satata zrama se hI madhu kA bhaMDAra bharatI haiM, kisAna zrama karake anna kA bhaMDAra bharatA hai, yadi donoM hI puruSArtha na kareM, to kArya meM saphala nahIM ho sakate, usI prakAra zoka asaphalatA se hI utpanna hotA hai, para jaba puruSArtha kareMge, to asaphalatA prApta hI nahIM hogI aura zoka kA astitva hI samApta ho jaaegaa| prekSAdhyAna se - AcArya mahAprajJajI1182 ne udAsI, zoka, cintA se ubharane ke lie prekSAdhyAna ko karane ke lie prerita kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM -svayaM kI samasyA kA samAdhAna svayaM meM khojane kI ceSTA karanA caahie| prekSAdhyAna ke mAdhyama se hama ekAgratA ko sAdhane kA abhyAsa karate haiN| ekAgratA sadha jAe, to vicaya-dhyAna karate caleM, usa para ekAgra hote cleN| Apako pratIta hogA ki samasyA kA samAdhAna ho gayA hai aura samasyA sulajha gaI hai| dhyAna kA mukhya prayojana saccAI ko khojanA hai| jaba saccAI kA patA laga gayA, to zoka aura saMtApa sabhI samApta ho jaaeNge| saMtulita AhAra - vaijJAnika udAsI (zoka) se mukti pAne ke lie poSaka AhAra paryApta mAtrA meM grahaNa karane ko prerita karate haiN| yadi poSaka AhAra paryApta 82 soyA mana jaga jAe, AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 101 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 501 mAtrA meM hotA hai, to vyakti udAsI se chuTakArA pA letA hai| poSaka AhAra ke abhAva meM udAsI tatkAla A jAtI hai| jisa AhAra meM viTAminsa aura emino esiDa kA ucita saMtulana hotA hai, usake sevana se udAsI kA eka hetu samApta ho jAtA hai| nakArAtmaka bhAva mana meM na AeM - zoka se bacane ke lie niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM se bacane kA prayAsa karanA cAhie, kyoMki vyakti ko nakArAtmaka-bhAva adhika Ate haiN| AdamI nakArAtmaka bhAva meM jItA hai, isalie khinnatA, avasAda, udAsI, AtmahatyA kA bhAva AnA, ghara se palAyana karanA Adi soca mana-mastiSka meM calatI rahatI hai| nakArAtmaka bhAva mana meM na AeM, isakA abhyAsa isa saMkalpa ke dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai ki Aja maiM nakArAtmaka vicAroM ko mana meM nahIM Ane dUMgA, sakArAtmaka vicAroM meM hI rhuuNgaa| isa prakAra kA cintana karate hue nakArAtmaka-bhAvoM se mukta hote jaaeNge| ___ zoka para vijaya ke lie upayukta vivecanA ke sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki prANI pravRtti se baMdhatA hai aura nivRtti se mukta hotA hai| pravRtti bAMdhatI hai aura nivRtti mukta karAtI hai| pravRti tabhI baMdhatI hai, jaba usake pIche avidyA ke saMskAra raha jAte haiN| vItarAga bhI pravRtti karatA hai, kintu vItarAga baMdhatA nahIM hai| zoka ko bhI mUla-pravRtti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaba bhI zoka hogA, ArtadhyAna hogA aura baMdha kA kAraNa banegA, isalie zoka se mukti ke lie jJAtAdRSTA bhAva meM rahanA Avazyaka hai| mAtra AtmaramaNatA aura svabhAva meM citta kI vRttiyA~ raheM, anya pravRttiyoM meM nahIM raheM, aisI sthiti meM zoka-saMjJA svataH hI samApta ho jaaegii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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502 (sa) vicikitsA - saMjJA (jugupsA ) ( Instinct of disgust} vicikitsA (jugupsA) saMjJA kA svarUpa 1183 jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM ke jo caturvidha, dazavidha aura SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa prApta hote haiM, unameM SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa meM vicikitsA ko bhI saMjJA kahA gayA hai / saMsArI jIvoM kI jo svAbhAvika pravRtti hotI hai, use saMjJA kahA gayA hai / tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka TIkA meM vicikitsA yA jugupsA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai - "isake udaya se apane doSoM kA saMvaraNa karane kI aura paradoSoM ko ujAgara karane kI jo vRtti hotI hai, use jugupsA kahate haiM sAmAnyatayA, dUsaroM meM jo kamI yA burAiyoM ko dekhane kI pravRtti hai, vahI jugupsA hai| yaha apane doSoM ko chipAne aura dUsaroM ke doSoM ko ujAgara karane kI sAmAnya pravRtti ke antargata AtI hai / ' kabhI-kabhI jugupsA kA artha ghRNA kA bhAva bhI hai| dUsaroM ke zarIra, vastra athavA jJAnAdi meM kamI ko dekhakara usake prati ghRNA kA jo bhAva utpanna hotA hai, vaha jugupsA hai| 1184 1185 sAmAnyataH, jugupsA-saMjJA dUsaroM ke prati dveSarUpa hotI hai / vastutaH, jugupsA no - kaSAya kA hI eka rUpa hai| 11187 vyakti apane ahaMkAra ke pAritoSaNa ke lie dUsaroM kI kamI ko dekhatA hai| dUsaroM ke prati ghRNA kA bhAva mAna- kaSAya kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa hai| jainadarzana meM samyaktva ke jo lakSaNa batAe gae haiM, unameM vicikitsA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| naitika athavA dhArmika- AcaraNa ke phala ke prati saMzaya karanA, arthAt sadAcAra kA pratiphala milegA yA nahIM - aisA saMzaya 1183 1) AcArAMgasUtra- 1/1/2 2) abhidhAnarAjendrakoza khaNDa-7, pR. 301 1184 yadudayAdAtmadoSasaMvaraNaM paradoSAviekaraNaM sA jugupsA / sarvArthasiddhi - 8 / 9, 386/1 1185 kutsAprakAro jugupsA / ..AtmIyadoSasaMvaraNaM jugupsA / rAjavArttika- 8/9, 4/574/18 jugupsana jugupsA jesiM kammANamudaeNa duguchA uppajjadi tesiM duguch| iti saNA-vA 6/1,9-1 1186 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 1187 1) sthAnAMgasUtra- 9/69 4) prathamakarmagraMtha gAthA 21 2) tattvArthasUtra - 8/10 3) prajJApanAsUtra - 23 / 2 5) pravacanasAroddhAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 503 karanA vicikitsA hai| 1188 "saMtaMmi vi vitigicchA, sajjhejja Na me ayaM aTTo"- yaha kArya hogA yA nahIM, yaha vicikitsA hai| vicikitsA, arthAt mati kA viplava honaa| eka anya prakAra se vicikitsA kI vyAkhyA ghRNA se kI gaI hai| sAdhu ke malina vastra, pAtra, upakaraNa Adi dekhakara nindA, gardA karanA dugucchA (vicikitsA) kahalAtI hai| jJAnAvaraNIya aura mohanIya-karma ke udaya se hone vAlI cittaviluptirUpa sthiti vicikitsAsaMjJA hai, 1189 yA citta kI asthira samIkSAvRtti vicikitsA-saMjJA hai| dUsare jIvoM kI prakRti, yA vyakti evaM padArtha Adi ke prati ghRNA/aruci kA bhAva jugupsA-saMjJA kahalAtI hai| vastutaH, amerikA ke prasiddha manovaijJAnika maikaDUgala McDougal} ne jina caudaha mUlapravRttiyoM kI carcA kI hai, unameM vikarSaNa kI mUlapravRtti aura sAmAnya manovijJAna meM ghRNA Disgust} kA saMvega jainadarzana kI vicikitsA-saMjJA ke samAna hI hai| manovaijJAnika ghRNA ke bhAva ko eka saMvega ke rUpa meM varNita karate haiN| 1190 ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra krodha, bhaya, khuzI, Dara Adi saMvega jIvana ke pramukha saMvega haiM, usI prakAra bahuta sAre logoM meM ghRNA kA bhAva bhI pAyA jAtA hai, jo vyakti ke mana aura mastiSka meM uttejanA paidA karatA hai, jisase vyakti ko vastu aura vyakti ke prati ghRNA kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| jugupsA Avazyaka bhI aura anAvazyaka bhI - jugupsA Avazyaka bhI hai aura anAvazyaka bhI, kyoMki jahA~ kisI ke prati mamatva kA poSaNa ho rahA hai, rAgAdi bhAvoM kI vRddhi ho rahI hai, vahA~ 1188 1) nizIthasUtra- 1/24 vidu kucchati va bhaNNati, sA puNa aahaarmoymsinnaaii| tIsu vi dese gurUNA, mUlaM puNa savvihi hotii| - vahI - 1/25 2) dekhie gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 29 kI aMgrejI TIkA, je.ela.jainI, pR. 22 3) jainasiddhAnta bola saMgraha, prathama bhAga, bhairodAna seThiyA, pR. 178 4) jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana,bhAga-2, DaoN.sAgaramala jaina, pR.60 1189 1) mohodayAt cittaviplutto...... | - abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga-6, 1191 2) pravacana-sAroddhAra, saMjJAdvAra 147, sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI, gAthA 925, pR. 81 1190 190 uttarAdhyayanasUtra dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna pariprekSya meM usakA mahattva -sAdhvI DaoN. vinItaprajJA, pR. 492 For Personal & Private Use Only

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504 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jugupsA karanA Avazyaka bhI hai| vyakti kA sabase adhika mamatva zarIra se hotA hai, vaha zarIra ke prati Asakti adhika rakhatA hai| zarIra ko sajAne-saMvArane, acchA dikhAI dene ke lie vaha apanA sArA dhana aura samaya lagAtA hai aura karmabaMdhana karatA calA jAtA hai| usa samaya use yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki usakA zarIra hAr3a-mAMsa kA banA piMjarA hai, sadA naSTa hone vAlA hai, usa nazvara deha ke poSaNa meM vaha apanA samaya kyoM barbAda kara rahA hai| dharma ke sAdhanarUpa jo zarIrAdi haiM, ve svabhAva se hI apavitra haiM, ataH isa prakAra usake prati jugupsA karanA bhI nirjarA kA kAraNa banatA hai| jugupsA anAvazyaka bhI vastutaH, jugupsA zabda 'gupa rakSaNe' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai- rakSaNa kI icchA aura dUsarA artha mAnasika - glAni bhI hai| mAna aura aham ke vazIbhUta hokara, dUsaroM ko nIcA dikhAne evaM svayaM ko ucca aura mahAn batAne ke lie jo ghRNA, glAni, niMdA, AlocanA kI jAtI hai, vaha baMdhana kA kAraNa banatI hai| jugupsA kA bhAva samyagdarzana meM bAdhaka banatA hai| samyagdarzana ke pAMca aticAroM meM vicikitsA (jugupsA) bhI eka hai / aticAra se abhiprAya aise asadAcaraNa se hai, jinase samyagdarzana kI virAdhanA hotI hai| inheM dUSaNa bhI kahA jAtA hai, jo satya ko apane zuddha svarUpa meM vijJAta karane meM bAdhaka hote haiN| inase vrata -bhaMga to nahIM hotA, parantu usakA samyagdarzana avazya prabhAvita hotA hai| zaMkA, kAMkSA, vicikitsA, anyadRSTi - prazaMsA aura anyadRSTisaMstavaina pA~ca doSoM ko upAsakadazAMga 191, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 192, tattvArthasUtra' Adi meM samyagdarzana ke pA~ca aticAra batalAye gaye tathA yogazAstra' aura samyaktvasaptati' meM inhIM ko 'dUSaNa' kahA gayA hai / cala, mala aura agAr3ha doSoM meM jugupsA maladoSa hai, jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa kI nirmalatA ko 1195 1191 1192 1193 1194 * 1195 zaMkA kAMkSA vicikitsA mithyAdRSTipraMzasanam / tatsaMstavazca paMcApi samyaktvaM dUSayantyalam / / - yogazAstra, - 2/17 dUsijjai jehi imaM te dosA paMca vajjaNijjA u / saMkA kaMkhA vigacchA, paratitthipasaMsasaMyavaNaM / / - samyaktvasaptati, gAthA 28 upAsaka dazAMgasUtra, prathama adhyayana, pR. 46-47 bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 16/62/14 zaMkAkAGkSAvicikitsA'nyadRSTiprazaMsAsaMstavAH samyagdRSTeraticArAH / - tattvArthasUtra - 7/18 1193 For Personal & Private Use Only 1194

Page #511
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 505 prabhAvita karatI hai| paMDita AzAdharajI kahate haiM -krodha Adi ke vaza ratnatrayarUpa dharma meM sAdhana, kintu svabhAva se hI apavitra zarIra Adi meM jo glAni hotI hai, vaha vicikitsA hai| yaha samyagdarzana Adi ke prabhAva meM aruci-rUpa hone se samyagdarzana kA mala-doSa hai|196 jo mokSa meM bAdhaka bane, vaha sAdhaka ke lie sadA tyAjya hai, kyoMki vicikitsA kA bhAva vyakti ko vicalita karatA hai, para se jor3atA hai aura samabhAva meM sthira nahIM hone detaa| vicikitsA se citta vicalita ho jAtA hai aura ghRNAdi ke bhAva mana ke pariNAmoM ko bhI malina karate haiM, isalie jugupsA anAvazyaka hai| samayasAra meM kahA hai -jo jIva sabhI vastu-dharmoM meM glAni nahIM karatA hai, vaha jIva nizcaya kara vicikitsAdoSarahita samyagdRSTi jIva hotA hai| 197 vicikitsA ke prakAra mUlAcAra graMtha meM vicikitsA ke do prakAra batAe gae haiM - 1. dravyavicikitsA, 2. bhAvavicikitsA1198 1. dravyavicikitsA "sAdhaoM ke zarIra ke viSThAmala, mUtra, kapha, nAka kA mala, cAma, hAr3a, rUdhi, mAMsa, lohI, vamana, sarva aMgoM kA mala, lAra ityAdi maloM ko dekhakara unase ghRNA karanA dravya-vicikitsA hai|"1199 dravyavicikitsA se tAtparya, bAhyavastu aura vAtAvaraNa ko dekhakara jo ghRNA kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai, vaha dravyavicikitsA hai| malina vastra, 1196 kA 1198 dharmAmRta, AnAgAra, dvitIyodhyAya, zloka 79 jo Na karedi juguppaM cedA savvesimeva dhmmaann| so khalu Nivvidigiccho sammAdiTThI munneyvyo|| - samayasAra, gAthA 231 vidigicchA vi ya duvihA dabve bhAve ya hoi nnaayvvaa| - mUlAcAra, gAthA 252 uccAraM passavaNaM khelaM siMghANayaM ca cmmtttthii| pUyaM ca mamasoNidavaMtaM jallAdi saadhuunnN|vhii, gAthA 253 1199 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #512
506 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva malina kSetra, gRhAdi meM malinatA, daridratA dekhakara ghRNA ke bhAva jAgrata hote haiN| vastutaH, dravyavicikitsA hI bhAvavicikitsA ko utpanna karatI hai| 2. bhAvavicikitsA mUlAcAra graMtha meM kahA gayA hai - kSudhAdi bAIsa parISahoM meM saMkleza-pariNAma karanA bhAvavicikitsA hai, 1200 arthAt hRdaya meM. ghRNA ke bhAvoM kA honA bhAvavicikitsA hai| ___ bhAvavicikitsA, vastutaH apane meM apanI prazaMsA dvArA apane guNoM kI utkarSatA ke sAtha-sAtha jo anya ke guNoM ke apakarSa meM buddhi hotI hai, use bhAvavicikitsA kahate haiN| 1201 bhAvavicikitsA ke kAraNa vyakti yaha socatA hai ki jainamata meM saba acchI bAteM haiM, paraMtu vastra ke AvaraNa se rahitatA arthAt nagnatA aura jalasnAna Adi kA na karanA -yahI eka dUSaNa hai|' vicikitsA (jugupsA) dravya se ho yA bhAva se -donoM ko samyakadarzana kA aticAra mAnA gayA hai| dravyavicikitsA ko sApha-saphAI Adi ke prayAsoM se haTAyA jA sakatA hai, para jo bhAvarUpeNa vicikitsA mana meM baiTha jAtI hai, use haTAne meM thor3A parizrama lagatA hai| vizeSa prakAra ke dhyAna, ekatva-svarUpa aura azuci bhAvanA kA smaraNa karake hI bhAvavicikitsA ko haTAne meM saphalatA prApta kara sakate haiN| ___ Age, hama vicikitsA para kisa prakAra vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai, isakI carcA kreNge| 1201 1200 khudAdie bhaavvidirgichaa| - mUlAcAra, gAthA 252 AtmanyAtmaguNotkarSabuddhayAM svAtmaprazaMsanAt paratrApyapakarSeSu buddhirvicikitsatA smRtaa| - paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArddha, zloka 578 1202 yatpunajainasamaye sarva samIcInaM paraM kintu vastrApravaraNaM jalasnAnAdikaM ca na kurvanti tadaiva duussnnm| -dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gAthA -41/172/11 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #513
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 507 vicikitsA para vijaya kaise ? sajIva athavA ajIva dravyoM ke prati ghRNA/ aruci ko vicikitsA (jugupsA) saMjJA kahate haiM, jo mohanIya-karma ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai| jIva kA deha ke prati pragAr3ha AkarSaNa hotA hai, usase vimukti pAnA ati duSkara hai, jaba taka deha para Asakti banI rahegI, taba taka rAga aura dveSa kI dRSTi bhI banI rahegI, vyakti kisI se rAgavaza mamatva aura kisI se dveSavaza ghRNA karatA rahegA, ataH eka AdhyAtmika- dRSTi kA vikAsa karake hama vicikitsA para vijaya prApta kara sakate haiN| ___AdhyAtmika-vikAsa ke dasaveM sopAna, jise pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM 'sUkSmasamparAya-guNasthAna' kahA jAtA hai, usake anusAra, anya sabhI kaSAyoM ke kSaya yA upazama ho jAne para bhI sUkSma lobhakaSAya kA udaya rahatA hai aura vaha sUkSma lobha deha ke prati Asakti-rUpa hotA hai, ataH dehAsakti se mukta hone ke lie 'azuci- bhAvanA' kA cintana avazya karanA caahie| svazarIra kI azunitA (apavitratA) kA cintana karanA azuci-bhAvanA hai| isa bhAvanA ke pariprekSya meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -"yaha zarIra anitya hai, azucirUpa hai aura azuci se hI utpanna huA hai| 1203 isI sambandha meM prazamarati meM AcArya umAsvAti ne bhI kahA hai -yaha zarIra pavitra ko bhI apavitra banAtA hai, isakI Adi evaM uttara-avasthA azucirUpa hai, ataH zArIrika-azucitA kA ciMtana karanA caahie| 1204 jJAtAdharmakathA ke anusAra - mallikumArI (unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara) ne zarIra kI azucitA ke mAdhyama se vivAha karane ke lie Ae hue rAjakumAroM ko vairAgyavAsita kiyA thaa| 205 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zarIra ko rogoM evaM vyAdhiyoM kA ghara kahA hai| 1206 isa prakAra, azucitA kI bhAvanA kA prayojana zarIra kI apavitratA kA bodha karAkara AtmA ko deha ke mamatva se mukta karanA 1203 1204 1205 1206 imaM sarIraM aNiccaM asuiM asuisaMbhavaM / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, gAthA- 19/13 prazamarati, 155 jJAtAdharmakathA, AThavA~ adhyayana uttarAdhyayanasUtra -10/27 evaM 19/14 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #514
508 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hai| deha kA AkarSaNa kama hone para vyakti kA dhyAna AtmA kI ora jAtA hai| vaha antarmukhI hokara karmabaMdhana se bacane kA prayAsa karatA hai| __vastutaH, azuci-bhAvanA ke mAdhyama se hama svazarIra para ghRNA ke bhAva rakheMge, to hameM dUsaroM ke prati ghRNA utpanna hI nahIM hogI, kyoMki dUsaroM kI apekSA jyAdA gaMdagI to hamAre (svazarIra) meM dikhAI de rahI hai| svayaM ke pAsa hI azuci jyAdA hai, isakA jJAna ho jAe, to kisI bhI para padArtha ke prati ghRNA kA bhAva utpanna nahIM hogA aura dhIre-dhIre vicikitsA . samApta ho jaaegii| dhyAna ke mAdhyama se - vicikitsA para vijaya dhyAna ke mAdhyama se kI jA sakatI hai| dhyAna meM bAhya-vastu se nAtA TUTa jAtA hai| mana ekAgra, AtmalIna aura antarmukhI ho jAtA hai| dhyAna meM mAtra Atmadarzana ke sivAya anya parapadArtha dikhAI nahIM dete haiN| dhyAnAvasthA meM vyakti, vastu aura anya para na to dveSa hotA hai, na rAga hotA hai| isa sthiti meM ghRNAdi ke bhAva nahIM ho sakate, ataH dhyAna vicikitsA ko dUra karane kI zreSTha cikitsA hai| dravyasaMgrahaTIkA meM kahA gayA hai -nizcaya se to nirvicikitsA- guNa ke bala se samasta rAga-dveSajanya Adi vikalparUpa taraMgoM kA tyAga karake nirmala AtmAnubhava karanA, yA nija zuddhAtmA meM sthiti karanA, nirvicikitsA nAmaka guNa hai|1207 vicikitsA para vijaya kA lakSya yaha hai ki isa zarIra ke prati mamatva kama ho, daihika-sundaratA ke prati AkarSaNa kama ho aura manuSya apanI Atmika-sundaratA kA darzana kre| kastUrI kAlI hai, to kyA ? guNavAn hai, hajAroM rupayoM kI tolA bhara AtI hai, zakara sapheda hai, kintu kastUrI jaisI guNavAn nahIM hai, isalie pattharoM se tulatI hai| vastutaH, bAharI rUpa kA koI mUlya nahIM hai, mUlya AtmA kI sundaratA kA hai| 1207 nizcayena punastasyaiva vyavahAranirvicikitsA guNasya balena samastadveSAdivikalparUpakallolamAlA tyAgena nirmalAtmAnubhUtilakSaNe nijazuddhAtmani vyavasthAnaM nirvicikitsA guNa iti| -dravyasaMgraha TIkA- 41/173/2 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #515
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 509 aSTAvakra RSi 1208 kA zarIra ATha sthAnoM se vakra thA, kintu AtmajJAna meM ve bahuta zreSTha the, isalie bar3e-bar3e RSi bhI unheM praNAma karate the| cakravartI sanatkumAra apane saundarya kA itanA vikRta rUpa dekhakara dahala utthe| zarIra aura vaibhava kI nazvaratA ko jAnakara unhoMne pravrajyA le lii| unake zarIra meM roga utpanna hokara kramaza: bar3hate jA rahe the, paraMtu unhoMne na to kisI prakAra kA upacAra kiyA aura na zArIrika-pIr3A se vyAkula bne| unheM aisI AtmAnubhUti ho rahI thI ki zarIra hai hI nhiiN| bhayaMkara bImArI meM bhI ve auSadhi kA prayoga nahIM karate the| ve kahate theroga zarIra kA hai, AtmA kA nahIM, paraMtu devoM ke Agraha se unhoMne apane thUka se zarIra ke eka bhAga kA roga miTAkara dikhA diyA aura eka dina apanI sAdhanA meM saphala hokara mukti ko prApta hue| ____ guNagrAhI dRSTi jahA~ hogI, vahA~ vicikitsA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki jagat ke jitane bhI jJeya padArtha haiM, ve sabhI guNoM se yukta haiN| yadi dRSTi guNagrAhI ho, to vastuoM ke prati kaisI ghRNA aura kaisI vicikitsA ? jaise-zrIkRSNa mahArAjA jaba apanI senA ke sAtha gujara rahe the, to rAste meM unhoMne eka sar3I huI kutiyA ko dekhaa| jugupsA ke kAraNa sabhI sainikoM ne nAka para hAtha rakha lie, paraMtu zrIkRSNa bole 'kutiyA kI daMtapaMkti kitanI sundara hai|' jaba dRSTi samyaka ho jAtI hai, taba sabhI vastueM guNoM se yukta dikhAI detI haiN| samayasAra graMtha meM AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - samyakadRSTi jIva kI dRSTi samyaka hotI hai| jo jIva sabhI vastu-dharmoM meM jugupsA, glAni nahIM karatA, vaha jIva vicikitsA-doSa se rahita samyakadRSTi ko prApta hotA hai| 1209 pAzcAtya-cintakoM ne bhI kahA hai ki sundaratA dekhane vAloM kI A~khoM meM hotI hai| 1210 yadi dRSTi samyaka hai, to sabhI vastueM samyaka aura sundara dikhAI detI haiN| 1208 1209 na janma, na mRtyu, zrI candraprabha, pR. 10 samayasAra, gAthA 231 "Beauty lies in the eyes of beholder. 1210 For Personal & Private Use Only

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510 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva Adhunika manovaijJAnika bhI yahI mAnate haiM ki ghRNA ko sakArAtmaka soca ke mAdhyama se dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki nakArAtmaka soca dRSTi ko dhUmila banAtA hai| jahA~ sakArAtmaka soca hai, vahA~ na to vikarSaNa (maikaDUgala kI caudaha mUla pravRttiyoM meM se eka) hogA aura na hI ghRNA-saMvega utpanna hogaa| uparyukta vivecanA se spaSTa hai ki vicikitsA saMjJA (jugupsA) para vijaya azucibhAvanA, dhyAna, mamattvavRtti ke tyAga aura sakArAtmaka soca ke mAdhyama se prApta kara sakate haiN| --------000------- For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #517
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 511 adhyAya-14 "jainadharma meM saMjJA kI avadhAraNA kI bauddhadharma meM _caitasikoM kI avadhAraNA se tulanA bauddha-darzana meM cAra prakAra ke tattva (padArtha) mAne gae haiM, yathA - 1. citta, 2. caitasika, 3. rUpa aura 4. nirvaann| 1211 prastuta prasaMga meM, yahA~ hama jainadarzana kI saMjJA kI avadhAraNA se tulanA karane ke lie kevala citta aura caitasikoM kA hI varNana kreNge| manuSya-jIvana meM jo bhI caitasika-pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM, ve cAhe zubha hoM yA azubha, unheM bauddhadarzana meM nimna cha: bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai - lobha, dveSa, moha, alobha, adveSa aura amoha (prjnyaa)| ina chahoM meM prathama tIna azubha haiM aura antima tIna zubha haiN| bauddhadarzana kI bhASA meM prathama tIna akuzala aura antima tIna kuzala haiN| jahA~ taka jainadarzana kA prazna hai, unameM bhI rAga, dveSa aura moha ko sthAna diyA hai, kintu jaba hama inakI tulanA saMjJA se karate haiM, to saMjJAoM meM dazavidha vargIkaraNa meM lobha aura SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa meM moha kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi dveSasaMjJA kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha nahIM hai, kintu mAna-kaSAya aura mAyA-kaSAya vastutaH dveSa ke hI rUpa haiN| bauddhadarzana meM alopa, adveSa aura amoha ko kuzala dharma kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ye saMsAra ke kAraNa nahIM hote haiN| jisa taraha se jainadarzana meM rAga, dveSa evaM kaSAya se rahita ryApathika-karma saMsAra-baMdha ke kAraNa nahIM haiM, usI prakAra bauddhadarzana meM alopa, adveSa aura amoha (prajJA) se janita pravRttiyA~ bhI baMdha kA kAraNa nahIM hotI haiN| jahA~ taka jainadarzana kI saMjJAoM kI avadhAraNAoM se tulanA karane kA prazna hai, usameM ogha aura dharma ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI saMjJAeM saMsArI 12 / / tattha vutthApidhammatthA catudhA prmtthto| citaM cetasika rUpaM nibbAnamiti sbbthaa| -abhidhammatthasaMgaho, uddhRta- bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, bhAga-1, bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, pR. 464 For Personal & Private Use Only

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512 jIvoM meM karmabaMdha kA kAraNa hI hotI haiN| citta aura caitasika-dharmoM meM yaha antara hai ki citta adhiSThAyaka hai aura caitasika-dharma usameM rahate haiN| citta AdhAra hai aura caitasika Adheya haiN| yaha citta jainadarzana meM bhAva - mana ke rUpa meM paribhASita hai / caitasika hamAre mana kI vibhinna avasthAe~ yA paryAyeM haiM / bauddhadarzana meM kula caitasikoM kI saMkhyA bAvana mAnI gaI hai| ina bAvana caitasikoM ko nimna tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai -- 1. sAdhAraNa caitasika jo pratyeka citta meM sadaiva rahate haiM / ye sAta haiM 1. sparza, 2. vedanA, 3. saMjJA, 4. cetanA, 5. AMzika ekAgratA 6. jIvitendriya, 7. manovikAra / " 1212 2. prakIrNa- sAmAnya caitasika jo pratyeka citta meM yathAvasara utpanna hote rahate haiN| ye chaha haiM - 1. vitarka, 2. vicAra, 3. adhimokSa ( Alambana meM sthiti) 4. vIrya (sAhasa), 5. prIti (prasannatA) aura 6. chanda (icchaa)| 1213 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 3. akuzala caitasika ye caudaha haiM - 1. moha, 2. nirlajjatA, 3. abhIrutA (pApa karane meM bhayabhIta nahIM honA), 4. caMcalatA, 5. lobha, 6. mithyAdRSTi, 7. mAna, 8. dveSa, 9. IrSyA, 10. mAtsarya (kaSTa), 11. kaukRtya (pazcAtApa yA zoka), 12. satyAna ( citta kA tanAva ), 13. mRddha ( caitasikoM kA tanAva) aura 14. vicikitsA ( saMzayAlucana ) / ' 1214 1212 1213 4. kuzala caitasika - ye paccIsa haiM 1. zraddhA, 2. smRti, 3. hI, 4. apatrayA (pApoM se bhaya karanA), 5. alobha, 6. adveSa, 7. tatramadhyasthA ( viSaya meM apekSA karanA) 8. kAyaprazrabdhi (prasannatA), 9. cittaprazrabdhi (cittoM kA zAnta honA), 10. kAyalaghutA ( ahaMkAra kA bhAva ) 11. cittalaghutA, 12. kAyamRdutA, 13. cittamRdutA, 14 kAyakarmaNyatA, 15, cittakarmaNyatA 1214 - - phasso vedanA saJjJA cetanA ekaggatA jIvitindriyaM manasikAro ceti santi me cetasikA savvacittasAdhAraNA nAma / abhidhammatthasaMgaho cetasika kaNDo / - bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, bhAga-1, bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, pR. 466 vitakko vicAro aSimokkhoM vIriyaM pIti chando ceti chayime cetasikA pakaNNikA nAma / - vahI moho ahirIkaM anottappaM uddhaccaM lobho diTTi mAno doso issA macchariyaM kukkuccaM thinaM middhaM vicikicchA ceti cuddasi me cetasikA akusalA nAma / - abhidhammattha saMgaho / - vahI For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 513 (citta-saralatA), 16. kAyaprAguNya (samarthatA), 17. cittaprAguNya, 18. kAyaRjutA, 19. cittaRjutA, 20. samyak vANI, 21. samyak karmAnta, 22. samyak AjIva, 23. karuNA, 24. muditA aura 25. amoha (prjnyaa)|215 isa prakAra ye bAvana caitasika-dharma kuzala, akuzala aura avyAkRta-karmoM ke preraka haiN| jahA~ taka jainadarzana kI saMjJAoM kA prazna hai, ve bhI karma kI preraka haiN| ina bAvana caitasikoM meM jo caudaha akuzala caitasika haiM, unakI tulanA hama jainadarzana kI saMjJAoM se kara sakate haiN| ina caudaha caitasikoM meM moha, lobha, mAna aura vicikitsA - ye cAra akuzala caitasika jainadarzana kI solaha saMjJAoM kI avadhAraNA meM pAe jAte haiN| jainadarzana kI saMjJAoM meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, sukha, duHkha, zoka ke nAma yadyapi ina caitasikoM meM nahIM pAe jAte haiM, kintu gaharAI se vicAra karane para ye sabhI bauddhadharma meM bhI mAnya haiN| jahA~ taka jainadharma meM loka, ogha aura dharma-saMjJA kA prazna hai, unameM se dharma aura loka ko hama kuzala caitasikoM meM mAna sakate haiN| jainadarzana kI saMjJA kI avadhAraNA aura bauddhadarzana ke caitasikoM kI avadhAraNA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki donoM ko hI karma kA preraka mAnA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM jo SoDaSavidha saMjJAoM kA vargIkaraNa milatA hai, usameM dharma aura ogha-saMjJA ko kuzala caitasikoM meM aura zeSa ko akuzala caitasikoM meM mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki bauddhadarzana meM zobhana yA kuzala caitasikoM meM zraddhA aura jo ASTAMgika mArga kA nirdeza hai, vaha saba dharmasaMjJA ke aMtargata A jAte haiM aura amoha (prajJA) ko hama oghasaMjJA se jor3a sakate haiN| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 1216 ne bhI apane zodhaprabaMdha meM kahA hai ki jainadarzana meM svIkRta lagabhaga sabhI saMjJAeM bauddhadarzana ke isa vargIkaraNa meM 1215 saddhA sati hirI otappaM alobho adoso tatra majjhattatA kAyappassaddhi cittappassadi kAyalahutA cittalahutA kAyamudutA cittamudutA kAyakammaJatA citakammannatA kAyapAguJatA cittapAguJjannatA, kAyujukatA cittujukatA ceti ekanavIsati me cetasikA sobhana sAdhAraNA naam| -abhidhammattha saMgaho, cetasika kaannddo| For Personal & Private Use Only

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514 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva A jAtI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, varana bauddhadarzana unakA kAphI gahana vizleSaNa bhI prastuta karatA hai, lekina mUlabhUta dhAraNAoM ke viSaya meM donoM kA dRSTikoNa samAna hI hai| ---000---- 1216 jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra-darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga-1, DaoN.sAgaramala jaina, pR.465 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 515 adhyAya-15 "jainadharma kI saMjJA kI avadhAraNA aura manovaijJAnika maikaDyUgala Mc-Dougall} kI mUlavRtti kI avadhAraNA kA tulanAtmaka vivecana amerikA ke prasiddha manovaijJAnika maikaDyUgala ke anusAra, mUlapravRtti kevala yAMtrika Mechanical} kriyA mAtra nahIM hai, balki vaha eka aisI janmajAta manodaihika (Psychophysical} pravRtti hai, jisase prabhAvita hokara vyakti kisI uttejanA-vizeSa kI ora apanA dhyAna detA hai, kisI vizeSa prakAra ke saMvega athavA Aveza kA hI anubhava karatA hai tathA usa uttejanA vizeSa ke prati viziSTa (Specific} DhaMga kI hI pratikriyA prakaTa karatA hai| maikaDyUgala ke anusAra, mUlapravRttiyoM kI nimnalikhita vizeSatAe~ haiM, jo jainadharma kI saMjJAoM se aMzataH bhinna bhI haiM aura aMzataH samAna bhI haiN| maikaDyUgala ke anusAra, mUlapravRttiyA~ janmajAta manodaihika-pravRtti haiN| ve janmanA haiM, vyakti unheM sIkhatA nahIM,1217 jaise -bayA pakSI ghoMsalA banAne kA kAma sIkhakara nahIM karatA, balki svataH karatA hai| jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM ko karmajanya arthAt janmanA mAnA gayA hai| mAtra dharma aura ogha saMjJAeM arjita haiM, zeSa sabhI saMjJAeM mukhyataH vedanIya-karma aura mohanIya-karma ke udaya se hotI haiN| AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi aisI hI saMjJAeM haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra, arihaMta aura siddha jIvoM ko chor3akara ye saMjJAe~ lagabhaga sabhI saMsArI-jIvoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| maikaDyUgala ke anusAra, mUlapravRttiyA~ jIva ko eka vizeSa prakAra ke padArtha yA kriyA kI ora avalokana karane ke lie prerita karatI haiM, jaise 1217 Instincts are inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned. -Understanding Psychology, Robert S. Feldman P.N. 289 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sabhI billiyA~ cUhoM kA zikAra karane ke lie unheM dhyAnAvasthita hokara dekhatI haiM, pakSI ghoMsalA banAne ke lie ghAsa phUsa aura TahanI Adi para vizeSa dhyAna dete haiM / jainadarzana kI bhI yaha mAnyatA satya hai ki jaba saMjJAoM kA udaya prabala hotA hai, to jIva bhI usa ora AkRSTa hotA hai, icchita vastu ko prApta karane kA prayAsa karatA hai, isake sAtha hI, jainadarzana yaha bhI mAnatA hai ki saMjJAoM ko viveka ke mAdhyama se pariSkArita kara sakate haiN| jaba AhAra - saMjJA kI prabalatA hotI hai, taba bhI vyakti vivekapUrvaka yaha dhyAna rakhatA hai ki usake lie kyA grAhya haiM aura kyA tyAjya haiM, usI prakAra anya saMjJAoM meM bhI samajha sakate haiN| isa prakAra, jainadarzana saMjJAoM ko mAtra aMdhapravRtti na mAnakara unameM mAnavIya - viveka ko sthAna detA hai / 516 maikaDyUgala ke anusAra, mUlapravRtyAtmaka - kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha vyakti eka vizeSa prakAra ke saMvega kA anubhava karatA hai| jaba hama kisI sA~pa ko dekhakara prANarakSA ke lie bhAgate haiM, to usa samaya bhaya kA anubhava karate haiM, kintu jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki jaba bhayasaMjJA kA udaya hotA hai, tabhI vyakti ko bhaya lagatA hai aura vaha bhAgatA hai| yaha satya hai ki kisI vyakti ko sA~pa se Dara lagatA hai, kintu kisI ko yaha Dara nahIM bhI lagatA hai, kyoMki usameM bhayasaMjJA kA udaya nahIM hai| jaina - karmagraMthoM ke anusAra, bhaya AThaveM guNasthAnaka ke anta meM, arthAt AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kI eka vizeSa avasthA meM nahIM bhI lagatA hai| lobha evaM maithuna kA bhAva bhI dasaveM guNasthAna meM samApta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, jainadarzana ke anusAra AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAoM meM ye saMjJAeM lupta hotI jAtI haiN| manovaijJAnikoM aura jaina - dArzanikoM ke mata meM yaha mahattvapUrNa aMtara hai / 1 mUlapravRttyAtmaka - kriyAe~ jIvanarakSaka vyavahAra meM sahAyaka hotI haiM jaba hama kisI hiMsaka jAnavara ko dekhakara bhAgate haiM, to usa bhAgane kA ekamAtra dhyeya hotA hai - usa jAnavara se apane jIvana kI rakSA karanA / isI prakAra, kisI prakAra kI mUlapravRttyAtmaka - kriyA kyoM na ho, lekina usakA dhyeya pratyakSa yA apratyakSa rUpa se jIvana-rakSA kA hotA hai| jainadarzana meM oghasaMjJA aura dharmasaMjJA ke atirikta sabhI caudaha saMjJAeM jIvanasaMrakSaNAtmaka haiN| jahA~ oghasaMjJA vastutaH sAmAnya AcAra - niyamoM ke pAlana ke prati prerita karatI hai, vahIM dharmasaMjJA vyakti ko AdhyAtma-pakSa kI ora prerita karatI hai, ataH ye donoM mUlapravRttiyoM se bhinna haiM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 517 mUlapravRttyAtmaka kriyAe~ zrRMkhalAbaddha aura jaTila hotI haiN| mUlapravRtti se eka hI kriyA prerita nahIM hotI, balki kaI kriyAe~ prerita hotI haiM, isIlie inheM zrRMkhalAbaddha aura jaTila vyavahAra kahA jAtA hai, jaise -aNDA seMkane, ghoMsalA banAne Adi kI kriyaaeN| jainadarzana ke anusAra, jaba taka saMjJAe~ banI rahatI haiM, karmabaMdhana kA krama calatA rahatA hai| maikaDyUgala ne sahajakriyA Reflex action} aura mUlapravRtyAtmakakriyAoM ko janmajAta mAnA hai, kyoMki koI bhI prANI inheM apane jIvana ke anubhavoM se nahIM sIkhatA hai| inakI yogyatA jIva meM janma se hI maujada rahatI hai aura ye usa dhyeya ko pUrA karane meM sahAyaka hotI haiM; jIva ko usakA vizeSa jJAna arjita ho yA na ho, kintu kucha samAnatAoM ke hote hue bhI jainadarzana aura Adhunika manovijJAna, arthAta donoM meM jo bhI bhinnatAe~ haiM, ve donoM ko eka-dUsare se pUrNataH bhinna karatI haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhI sahaja kriyAoM aura mUlapravRttiyoM meM antara mAnA gayA hai, jo mUlapravRttiyoM ko jainadarzana ke thor3A nikaTa lA detA hai| vastutaH, sahaja-kriyA sarala (Simple} aura mUlapravRttyAtmaka-kriyA jaTila (Complex} hotI hai| koI cIja nAka meM par3ane se tatkAla chIMka AtI hai aura vaha samApta ho jAtI hai, lekina ghoMsalA banAne kI mUlapravRttyAtmaka-kriyA meM kaI kriyAe~ sammilita rahatI haiM, isIlie sahajakriyA ko sarala aura mUlapravRttyAtmaka-kriyA ko jaTila kahA jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM bhI saMjJA ko karmajanya hone se sarala, kintu usameM viveka kA yogadAna hone se vaha jaTila bhI hai| uparyukta vizeSatA se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki sahajakriyA kSaNika hotI hai, kintu mUlapravRttyAtmaka-kriyA sApekSatayA dIrghakAlika hotI hai| Upara ke udAharaNa meM chIMka ke zurU hone aura samApta hone meM dera nahIM hotI, kintu ghoMsalA banAne kI kriyA zIghra samApta na hokara bahuta dinoM taka hotI rahatI hai| ____ jIvana ke anubhavoM kA asara sahaja-kriyA para nahIM par3atA, isalie usameM kabhI kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM hotA hai| mUlapravRttyAtmaka-kriyA ' ke sAtha aisI bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki isa para jIvana ke anubhava kA prabhAva par3atA hai aura isameM parivartana bhI hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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518 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana bhI maikaDyUgala kI isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai| vaha svIkAra karatA hai ki chIMkane kI kriyA sahaja hai, usameM parivartana nahIM lAyA jA sakatA, paraMtu AhArAdi saMjJAoM ko vizeSa prayatna, prayAsa aura prakriyA ke dvArA parimArjita aura anta meM samApta bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| sahajakriyAoM ko zarIra ke kisI eka bhAga se sambandhita kara sakate haiM, kintu mUlapravRttyAtmaka-kriyA ke sambandha meM aisA karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| sahajakriyA se dhyeya kI pUrti tatkAla hotI hai, kintu mUlapravRttyAtmaka-kriyA se tatkAla aisA ho, yaha jarUrI nahIM hai| cUMki mUlapravRtti sambandhI kriyAe~ svayaM dera taka hotI haiM, ataH unake dhyeya kI prApti bhI vilamba se hotI hai| mUlapravRtti ke prakAra Kind of Instincts} vidvAnoM ne mUlapravRttiyoM kA vargIkaraNa kaI AdhAroM para kiyA hai| maikaDyUgala ke anusAra bhI mUlapravRttiyA~ vibhinna prakAra kI haiN| yahA~ hama ina mUlapravRttiyoM kI jainadarzana meM varNita saMjJAoM ke SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa se tulanA kareMge, sAtha hI yaha dekhane kA prayAsa bhI kareMge ki ina donoM meM kitanI samAnatAe~ evaM vibhinnatAeM haiN| Adhunika manovaijJAnika saMvega Emotion} ko bhI mUlapravRttiyoM se sambandhita karate haiN| saMvega kI saMkhyA to aneka hai, phira bhI maikaDyUgala kI caudaha mUlapravRttiyoM ke nimna caudaha saMvega haiM - |jaina-saMjJAe~ 1. AhArasaMjJA | 2. bhayasaMjJA | 3. maithunasaMjJA 4. parigrahasaMjJA 5. krodhasaMjJA 6. mAnasaMjJA | 7. mAyAsaMjJA | maikaDyUgala kI mUlapravRttiyA~ 1. bhojana DhUMDhanA | 2. bhAganA 3. lar3anA/AkrAmakatA 4. utsukatA 5. racanA 6. saMgraha | 7. vikarSaNa mUlapravRttiyoM se sambaddha saMvega | 1. bhUkha | 2. bhaya | 3. krodha 4. Azcarya 5. racanAtmaka Ananda 6. saMgraha-bhAva 7. ghRNA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 519 8. lobhasaMjJA | 8. zaraNAgata honA | 8. karuNA 9. lokasaMjJA 9. yaunapravRtti | 9.kAmukatA (Sexuality) 10.oghasaMjJA | 10. zizurakSA 10. sneha (mUlapravRttiyoM se alaga hai) 11. sukhasaMjJA 11. dUsaroM kI abhilASA 11. ekAkIpana kA bhAva 12. duHkhasaMjJA | 12. AtmaprakAzana 12. utsAha 13. dharmasaMjJA | 13. vinItatA 13. AtmahInatA (mUlapravRttiyoM se | alaga hai) 14. mohasaMjJA 14. haMsanA 14. prasannatA 15. zokasaMjJA | 16. vicikitsA | (jugupsAsaMjJA) jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM kI jo avadhAraNA hai, vaha pAzcAtya-manovijJAna ke maikaDyUgala ke mUlapravRttiyoM ke siddhAMta se bahuta kucha samAnatA rakhatI hai| tulanAtmaka- dRSTi se vicAra karane para jainadarzana meM mUlabhUta cAra saMjJAeM- AhArasaMjJA, bhayasaMjJA, maithunasaMjJA aura parigrahasaMjJA mAnI gaI haiM, unakI samarUpatA maikaDyUgala kI mUlapravRttiyoM se dekhI jA sakatI hai, jaise- jainadarzana meM jo AhArasaMjJA batAI gaI hai, use maikaDyUgala ne bhojana kI khoja nAmaka mUlapravRtti mAnA hai aura usakA AdhAra 'bhUkha' saMvega ko batAyA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra, sabhI saMsArI-jIvoM meM AhArasaMjJA hotI hai, mAtra vItarAga kevalI-paramAtmA meM AhArasaMjJA ko lekara matabheda haiN| digambara- paramparA unameM AhArasaMjJA kA abhAva mAnatI hai, zvetAmbara unameM bhI AhAra-grahaNa mAnate haiN| usI prakAra, maikar3ayugala kI bhAgane kI mUlapravRtti kA saMbaMdha jainadarzana kI bhayasaMjJA se jor3A jA sakatA hai| maikaDyUgala ne bhI isa bhAgane kI pravRtti kA AdhAra 'bhaya' kA saMvega hI mAnA hai| isI krama meM, jainadarzana kI maithunasaMjJA ko maikaDyUgala kI yaunapravRtti ke samarUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai| manovijJAna ne isakA saMbaMdha kAmukatA ke saMvega se mAnA hai| yaunapravRtti yA kAmukatA vastutaH maithunasaMjJA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kI hI abhivyakti hai| isI prakAra, jainadarzana parigrahasaMjJA kI bAta karatA hai, use maikaDyUgala ne saMgraha kI pravRtti mAnA hai| manovaijJAnikoM ne ise saMgraha - bhAvarUpa saMvega batAyA hai / 520 jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM kA jo dazavidha vargIkaraNa milatA hai, usameM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - ina cAroM ko bhI saMjJA ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| jaina-darzana jise krodha kahatA hai, maikaDyUgala ne use AkrAmakatA kI mUlapravRtti mAnA hai, manovijJAna ne isakA saMvega krodha mAnA hai| jainadarzana meM jise mAnasaMjJA kahA gayA hai, use maikaDyUgala ne AtmaprakAzana kI mUlapravRtti mAnA hai| mAnasaMjJA ahaMkAra kA hI eka rUpa hai aura AtmaprakAzana bhI ahaMkAra kI hI abhivyakti kA eka mAdhyama hai| jainadarzana ne jise mAyAsaMjJA kahA hai, vastutaH vaha vyakti meM rahI huI chipAne kI vRtti kA hI pariNAma hai, arthAt rUpa meM to nahIM, kintu maikaDyUgala kI zaraNAgata kI pravRtti se isakA saMbaMdha dekhA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH, vyakti meM apane ko bacAne kI bhAvanA hai, zaraNAgatatA aura mAyA/ kapaTavRtti bhI gaharAI meM usase jur3A huA tattva hI hai, kyoMki usameM bhI apanI kamiyoM ko chipAne kI pravRtti hI kAma karatI hai / jainadarzana meM jo lobhasaMjJA kI carcA hai, vaha vastutaH prAraMbhika cAra saMjJAoM meM parigrahasaMjJA se bahuta adhika dUra nahIM hai / parigraha kI bhAvanA, saMgrahavRtti aura lobha - saMjJA prAyaH paryAyavAcI hI mAne jA sakate haiN| lobha eka mAnasika-sthiti hai aura saMgrahavRtti isakI hI bAhya - abhivyakti hai / jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM ke SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa meM vicikitsA nAmaka saMjJA kA ullekha hai| vastutaH yaha ghRNA kI bhAvanA yA vikarSaNa kA hI eka rUpa hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jainadarzana kI solaha saMjJAoM meM se nau saMjJAeM kahIM-na-kahIM maikaDyUgala kI caudaha mUlapravRttiyoM aura unake saMvegoM se hI jur3I huI hai| loka, ogha, sukha, duHkha, dharma, moha aura zoka - ye sAta saMjJAeM aisI haiM, jinakA mUlapravRtti ke rUpa meM kahIM koI ullekha nahIM huA hai, phira bhI sukha ke prati AkarSaNa aura duHkha ke prati vikarSaNa kA bhAva to pratyeka prANI meM pAyA jAtA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - " sabhI duHkha apriya For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #527
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 521 haiM, sukha priya" / 1218 ye AkarSaNa aura vikarSaNa ke bhAva hI jainadarzana meM rAga aura dveSa ke tattvoM ke rUpa meM varNita haiN|1219 saMvegoM meM inheM sneha aura ghRNA ke bhAva kahA gayA hai| zizurakSA Adi kI pravRtti bhI kahIM-na-kahIM rAgajanya hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jainadarzana meM jo saMjJAoM kA vivecana hai, vaha Adhunika manovijJAna kI mUlapravRttiyoM aura sthAI bhAvoM kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha bahuta kucha samarUpatA rakhatA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna mUlapravRttiyoM ko janmanA mAnatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra bhI ye pUrvakarmajanya hone ke kAraNa inheM janmanA mAnA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI jainadarzana meM dharma aura ogha -ye do saMjJAeM Adhunika manovijJAna se bhinna hI haiN| yadyapi dharma kA tAtparya vastusvabhAva mAnane para use kisI rUpa se Adhunika manovijJAna ke sAtha jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI donoM meM bahuta-kucha antara hai, kyoMki Adhunika-manovijJAna apane ko prANIya-vyavahAra taka sImita rakhatA hai, jabaki jainadarzana prANIya-vyavahAra ke pIche daihika aura caitasika -donoM bAtoM ko svIkAra karatA hai, phira bhI lokottara-jIvana yA mokSa kI bAta karatA hai| jainadarzana meM ina saMjJAoM kA AdhAra na kevala jaivavRtti hai, apitu usake pIche karmajanya bhautika-pakSa evaM AdhyAtmika-pakSa bhI rahA huA hai| Adhunika-manovijJAna vastutaH prANI-vyavahAra kA vijJAna hai, ataH vaha apane ko prANI-vyavahAra kI vyAkhyA taka hI sImita rakhatA hai, parantu jainadarzana dharma- AdhArita hai, isalie vaha prANI-vyavahAra ke pIche eka AdhyAtmika-dRSTi ko bhI mAnakara calatA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kevala, vyavahAra kyA hai aura kaisA hai ? taka hI apane Apako sImita karatA hai; jabaki jainadarzana, prANIvyavahAra aisA kyoM hai aura use kaisA honA cAhie ? ina pahaluoM ko lekara sUkSmatA se vicAra karatA hai| vyavahAra ke kAraNa kI khoja aura jIvana-lakSya kA nirdhAraNa -yaha Adhunika- manovijJAna se jainadarzana kI bhinnatA ko sUcita karatA hai| 1218 AcArAMgasUtra- 1/4/2 1219 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- 32/7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana kevala tathyAtmaka hI nahIM, vaha AdarzapUrvaka bhI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki usane saMjJAoM ke isa vargIkaraNa meM bhI oghasaMjJA aura dharmasaMjJA ko eka Adarza preraka ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA hai| isa prakAra, maikaDyUgala ke mUlapravRtti ke siddhAMta aura jainadarzana meM AMzika samarUpatA hote hue bhI AMzika - vaibhinya bhI hai| 522 -000 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #529
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 523 adhyAya - 16 BYHET {Conclusion} prANI-vyavahAra gatizIla hotA hai| pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM isa prANIya- vyavahAra ko gati dene vAle preraka-tattvoM ko mUlapravRttiyoM Instincts}, saMvegoM Emotions} evaM sthAI-bhAvoM (Sentiments} ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| pAzcAtya- manovijJAna ke prANIya-vyavahAra ke ina preraka-tattvoM ko jainadarzana meM 'saMjJA' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM ye pravRttiyA~ janmajAta mAnI gaI haiN| jainadarzana inameM se AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi kucha pravRttiyoM ko janmajAta mAnatA hai, to dharma Adi kucha pravRttiyoM ko arjita bhI mAnatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, ina sabhI pravRttiyoM kA saMbaMdha laukika-jIvana se hI hai| yadyapi jainadarzana meM jinheM saMjJA kahA gayA hai, ve Adhunika manovijJAna kI mUlapravRttiyoM, saMvegoM aura sthAI bhAvoM se bhinna nahIM haiM, phira bhI inameM AMzika samAnatA hI dekhI jAtI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, ye sabhI pravRttiyA~ saMsArI-jIvoM meM hI pAI jAtI haiM, jIvoM meM nahIM, kyoMki prAyaH ye sabhI dehAzrita haiM, kintu jainadarzana kA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki prANI aura vizeSa rUpa se manuSya kA yaha dAyitva hai ki vaha inase Upara uThane kA prayatna kare, kyoMki vaha ina vAsanAjanya jaivika-mUla-pravRttiyoM se Upara uTha sakatA hai| saMjJA zArIrika AvazyakatA aura mAnasika-saMcetanA hai, jo abhilASA aura AkAMkSA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI hai aura prANI ko usa dizA meM vyavahAra karane ko prerita karatI hai| sAmAnyatayA, hama kaha sakate haiM ki saMjJAoM yA vyavahAra ke abhiprerakoM se bAdhita hokara hI jIva isa loka meM karma karatA hai aura una karmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa sAMsArika-sukha yA duHkha ko prApta hotA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, inhIM saMjJAoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa vyakti tanAvagrasta bhI hotA hai| jainadarzana kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki kSudra prANI se lekara manuSya taka- sabhI saMsArI-jIvoM meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #530
524 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva parigraha-rUpa vRttiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, unameM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke tattva bhI pAe jAte haiM, phira bhI jainadarzana meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki manuSya inase Upara uTha sakatA hai, ataH jahA~ Adhunika manovijJAna meM mUlapravRttiyA~ eka bAdhyatA-rUpa haiM, vahA~ jainadarzana meM kama-se-kama manuSyoM ke lie ye bAdhyatA-rUpa nahIM haiM, kyoMki manuSya meM ina para vijaya pAne kI kSamatA hai| jainadarzana kI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki vItarAga paramAtmA meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha,, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, duHkha, moha, zoka aura vicikitsA -ina bAraha saMjJAoM kA abhAva hotA hai, ve. laukika-pravRttiyoM se bhI rahita hote haiN| isa prakAra, jainadarzana ke anusAra yadyapi saMjJAe~ vyavahAra kI preraka haiM, kintu phira bhI ve mAnavIya vyavahAra ke lie bAdhyatA-rUpa nahIM haiN| vyakti apane dRr3ha saMkalpa ke bala para inase Upara uTha sakatA hai| sAtha hI, jainadarzana meM yaha 'saMjJA' zabda vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta hotA rahA hai| vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI apekSA se saMjJA zabda nAma yA pahacAna kA vAcaka hai, lekina prastuta zodhaprabaMdha meM hamane saMjJA zabda kA jo artha gRhIta kiyA hai, vaha isase bhinna hai| yadyapi sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka tattvArthasUtra kI TIkA meM saMjJA kA artha nAma yA pahacAna batAyA gayA hai,1220 phira bhI prastuta prasaMga meM saMjJA kA yaha artha abhipreta nahIM hai| sAmAnyatayA, vyakti ke jIvana ke abhipreraka ke rUpa meM saMjJA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM saMjJA eka pAribhASika zabda hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne saMjJA kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai -"vedanIya tathA mohanIya-karmoM ke udaya se evaM jJAnAvaraNIya tathA darzanAvaraNIya-karmoM ke kSayopazama se AhArAdi ke prati jo vAsanAtmaka-abhiruciyA~ hotI haiM tathA ucita yA anucita kI vivekAtmaka-pravRtti hotI hai, vahI saMjJA hai| 221 isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM 'saMjJA zabda do arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| vedanIya va mohanIya-karma ke udaya se AhAra, bhaya, maithuna Adi kI jo abhilASA, abhiruci hotI hai, vaha bhI saMjJA hai, sAtha hI jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se jo heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA viveka jAgrata hotA hai, vaha vivekAtmaka-zakti bhI saMjJA kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra, 1220 saMjJA naametyucyte| -tattvArthasUtra - 2/24/181/10 bhagavatIvRtti- 6/161, uddhRta-bhagavaI, khaMDa-2, AcArya mahAprajJa, jainavizvabhAratI lADanUM, pR. 382 1221 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #531
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana meM saMjJA zabda kA prayoga do arthoM meM dekhA jAtA hai - vAsanAtmaka evaM vivekAtmaka | jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM kA jo caturvidha vargIkaraNa pAyA jAtA hai, usameM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha - saMjJAeM samAhita haiM, yaha saMjJA kA vAsanAtmaka pakSa hai| isI prakAra, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - ina cAra kaSAyoM ko uddIpta karane vAlI vRtti ko bhI saMjJA kahA gayA hai, ye bhI mAnavIya vyavahAra ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa se hI saMbaMdhita haiN| isI krama meM, laukika-pravRttiyAM tathA sukha - duHkha Adi kI abhipreraka vRttiyA~ bhI saMjJA kahI gaI haiM, sAtha hI moha, zoka, vicikitsA Adi ko bhI saMjJA meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai| ye sabhI vAsanAtmaka pakSa kI paricAyaka haiN| loka-saMjJA se prANI meM jo loka-paramparA ke andhAnukaraNa kI pravRtti pAI jAtI hai, vaha bhI saMjJA kahI jAtI hai, kintu jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM ke isa vAsanAtmaka - pakSa kI apekSA bhI vivekAtmaka pakSa ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai / saMjJAoM ke SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa meM caudaha saMjJAeM vAsanAtmaka - pakSa ko hI abhiprerita karatI haiM, para ogha aura dharma-saMjJA aisI saMjJAeM haiM, jo saMjJA ke vivekAtmaka pakSa ko prastuta karatI haiN| saMjJA ke donoM pakSoM kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiM, ataH abhI yahA~ vistAra se varNana karanA ucita nahIM / 1222 'saMjJA' zabda kI vyutpatti sam + jJAna se bhI mAnI jAtI hai| yaha prANI meM rahI huI vicAra-vimarza kI sUcaka hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki jaina - AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM matijJAna ke jina paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM saMjJA zabda ko matijJAna kA paryAyavAcI mAnA hai| isa prakAra, saMjJA viveka - sAmarthya kI bhI sUcaka hai / aindrikajJAna aura vimarzAtmakajJAna bhI saMjJA ke antargata hI Ate haiM, yahI kAraNa hai ki AcAryoM ne ogha aura dharma ko saMjJA ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA hai / isa prakAra, hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jainadarzana meM saMjJA zabda jIvavRtti aura vivekavRtti - donoM kA hI paricAyaka rahA hai| vaha yaha batAtA hai ki prANI jo bhI vyavahAra karatA hai, usake pIche koI bhI saMjJA avazya rahatI hai / yadyapi vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAtmaka - saMjJAe~ vyavahAra M preraka rahI haiM, phira bhI vAsanA kI apekSA viveka ko pradhAnatA dene ke uddezya 1222 525 mati: smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram / - tattvArthasUtra - 2/13 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #532
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva se saMjJA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnI gaI hai| jainadarzana meM ina saMjJAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| pahalA - udayajanya, jo karma ke udaya se prApta hotI haiM aura dUsarI - kSayopazamajanya, jo karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hotI 1 526 udayajanya saMjJAe~ mohanIyakarma ke udaya se hotI haiM, isalie ve saMsAra kA kAraNa bhI hotI haiM, kintu jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se jo saMjJAe~ utpanna hotI haiM, ve prANI ke vivekAtmaka - pakSa para vizeSa bala detI haiN| viveka-AdhArita saMjJAoM ke tIna prakAra mAne gae haiN| 1. hetuvAdopadezikI - saMjJA, 2. dIrghakAlika - saMjJA 3. dRSTivAdopadezikI - saMjJA / ' 1223 1. hetuvAdopadezikI - saMjJA vaha saMjJA, jisameM varttamAna ke saMdarbha meM hI jJAna, ciMtana aura upayoga ho aura duHkha - mukti kA evaM sukha prApti kA uddezya ho, use hetuvAdopadezikI - saMjJA kahate haiM, jaisegarmI ho, to chAyA meM jAnA, sardI ho, to dhUpa meM jAnA, bhUkha lagane para AhArAdi ke lie pravRtti karanA Adi / 2. dIrghakAlika saMjJA vaha saMjJA, jisameM bhUta, varttamAna evaM bhaviSyakAla - tInoM kAloM kA vicAra - cintana hotA hai, use dIrghakAlika - saMjJA kahate haiM / manobalaprANa vAle samasta jIvoM meM yaha saMjJA pAI jAtI hai| isakA dUsarA nAma saMprasAraNa-saMjJA bhI hai| 3. dRSTivAdopadezikI -saMjJA jo jIva samyagdarzana ke pariNAmasvarUpa AtmA kA hita-ahita socate haiM, aviveka, aniSTa, akaraNIya, abhakSya kA tyAga karake iSTa, karaNIya evaM bhakSya ko svIkAra karate haiM, una jIvoM kI saMjJA dRSTivAdopadezikI - saMjJA hotI hai| paMcendriya garbhaja manuSyoM meM hI ye saMjJAe~ hotI haiM / 1223 -- isa prakAra, mohanIya karmaprakRti ke udaya se hone vAlI saMjJAe~, jo udayajanya saMjJA haiM, inakA vargIkaraNa bhI aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| saMjJAoM kA jo caturvidha, dazavidha aura SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa pAyA jAtA hai, unameM caturvidha ke antargata Ane vAlI cAra saMjJAe~ (AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura daNDaka prakaraNa, gAthA-33 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 527 parigraha), saMjJAoM ke dazavidha vargIkaraNa meM nau saMjJAe~ (AhAra Adi cAra tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka) vAsanArUpa aura ogha vivekarUpa saMjJA haiN| isI prakAra, saMjJAoM ke SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa meM- AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka, sukha, duHkha, moha, zoka, vicikitsA -ye caudaha saMjJAe~ vAsanAtmaka-pakSa kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| isameM dharma aura ogha vivekAtmaka-pakSa kI paricAyaka haiN| ye donoM saMjJAe~ kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM darzanAvaraNa aura jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se hotI saMkSepa meM, vAsanAtmaka-saMjJAe~ bhavavRddhi kA kAraNa haiM vivekAtmaka-saMjJAe~ saMsAra se vimukti kA kAraNa haiN| aura saMjJAoM ke svarUpa evaM unake vAsanAtmaka evaM vivekAtmaka-pakSa ko lekara jo pramukha carcA hamane pUrva meM kI hai, usakA sAra nimna hai - jainadarzana meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, aura parigraha nAmaka jina cAra saMjJAoM kA vivecana milatA hai, ve saMjJAe~ mUlataH vyakti ke vAsanAtmaka-jIvana kI paricAyaka haiN| 1224 manovijJAna kI bhASA meM hama inheM mUlapravRtti bhI kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki inakA AdhAra jaivika hai| zarIradhArI sabhI prANiyoM meM inakA astitva mAnA gayA hai| jaba ina cAra saMjJAoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha -ina cAra saMjJAoM ko jor3a diyA jAtA hai, to ye. AThoM hI mUlataH prANI kI jaivika-vRtti kI paricAyaka hI lagatI haiN| isa prakAra, saMjJAoM ke caturvidha aura dazavidha -donoM vargIkaraNoM meM kevala loka aura ogha-saMjJA ko chor3a deM, to zeSa AThoM saMjJAe~ prANI kI jaivika-mUlapravRttiyoM kI hI paricAyaka haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, ina dazavidha saMjJAoM meM lokasaMjJA bhI prANiyoM kI sAmAnya jaivika-pravRttiyoM kI hI paricAyaka hai| isa prakAra, saMjJAoM ke dazavidha vargIkaraNa meM nau saMjJAe~ mUlataH prANI ke jaivika aura vAsanAtmaka pakSa ko hI prastuta karatI haiN| inameM oghasaMjJA bhI sAmAnya vyavahAra kI hI vAcaka hai, kintu oghaniyukti2 Adi jaina-granthoM meM ogha zabda kA jo artha diyA gayA hai, usase ise vAsanAtmaka na mAnakara vivekAtmaka bhI mAnanA par3atA hai| 1224 1225 1226 upAsakAdhyayanasUtra, gAthA- 56-56 vyaktitva kA manovijJAna, arUNakumAra siMha, AzISakumAra siMha, pR. 191 oghaniyukti-2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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528 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana ke anusAra, vyakti kA viveka cAhe kitanI hI prasupta avasthA meM kyoM na ho, viveka kA eka pakSa to avazya hI udghATita rahatA hai, kintu yaha viveka prANI ke sAmAnya vyavahAra se jur3A hai yA AdhyAtmika vyavahAra se- yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai| jainadarzana meM oghaniyukti meM naitika evaM dhArmika-AcAra ke sAmAnya niyamoM kA ullekha hai, ata: ogha ko vivekapUrNa AcAra ke sAmAnya niyamoM kA vAcaka bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra, jaina-AcAryoM ne oghaniyukti nAmaka graMtha meM ogha ko vAsanAtmaka-pakSa se na jor3akara mAtra sadAcArAtmaka vivekapUrNa jIvana se bhI jor3A hai| ise AcAra ke niyamoM kI sAmAnya samajha ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai| 1227 isa prakAra, oghasaMjJA ko vAsanA aura viveka -donoM se sambandhita mAnA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM kA eka SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa bhI milatA hai,228 isameM se sukha, duHkha, moha, zoka aura vicikitsA -ina pAMca saMjJAoM ko milA leM, to solaha meM se caudaha saMjJAe~ mUlataH jaivika-mUla-pravRttiyA~ haiM, jo jIvana ke vAsanAtmaka-pakSa kI hI paricAyaka haiN| jJAtavya hai ki saMjJAoM ke isa SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa meM pUrva kI cAra aura dasa saMjJAe~ bhI samAhita ho jAtI haiN| isa prakAra, SoDaza saMjJAoM meM ogha ko aMzataH aura dharma ko pUrNataH prANI ke vivekAtmaka-pakSa se jor3A jA sakatA hai, zeSa sabhI caudaha saMjJAe~ prANI ke vAsanAtmaka-pakSa se hI saMbaMdhita haiN| dharmasaMjJA ko hama kisa artha meM gRhIta kareM, yaha eka vicAraNIya-pakSa hai| 'dharma' zabda vastutaH svabhAva kA vAcaka hai, ataH prANI-svabhAva ko bhI dharma kahA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se dharma bhI jaivika-mUlavRtti ke rUpa meM sthApita hotA hai, kintu jaina-AcAryoM ne dharma ko kevala prANI-svabhAva ke rUpa meM hI vyAkhyAyita nahIM kiyA, apitu ve use eka vivekAtmaka aura sadAcArAtmaka pakSa ke rUpa meM bhI pratipAdita karate haiM, isalie dharma-saMjJA prANI ke vivekAtmaka pakSa se saMbaMdhita hai| 1227 oghaniyukti-2 1228 1) AcArAMgasUtra- 1/1/2 vivecana meN| 2) prazamarati pariziSTa, bhAga-2, zrI bhadraguptavijayajI, pR. 284 vatthu sahAvo dhammo, bhAva saMgraha, gAthA 373 1229 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana kI yaha mUlabhUta mAnyatA hai ki jIva kisI bhI avasthA meM ho, usameM jJAna aura darzana - pakSa to aMzataH sadaiva udghATita rahatA hI hai, ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki saMjJAe~ kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM prANI ke vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAtmaka - donoM pakSoM ko abhivyaMjita karatI haiN| 1230 jainadarzana meM saMjJA ko vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAtmaka - donoM mAnA gayA hai / saMjJA ke vivekAtmaka pakSa ko spaSTa karate hue AcArAMgasUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prArambha meM kahA gayA hai - prANiyoM ko isa bAta kA jJAna yA viveka hI nahIM hotA hai ki maiM kahA~ AyA huuN| AcArAMgabhASya meM AcArya mahAprajJajI ne bhI yahA~ 'saNNA' zabda kA artha saMjJAna yA viveka hI kiyA hai, 1231 kintu jaba saMjJA ( saNNA) kA sambandha AhAra, bhaya, maithuna yA parigraha kI vRtti se jor3A jAtA hai, to use eka jaiva - vRtti yA jIvana ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa ke rUpa meM bhI vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai| usake ye donoM artha jainAgamoM meM pratipAdita haiM / saMjJA vivekazIlatA ke rUpa meM - jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM vivecana kiyA hai ki jaina - paramparA meM 'saMjJA' zabda cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAtmaka - donoM pakSoM ke lie prayoga huA hai / AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka, sukha-duHkha, moha, zoka aura vicikitsA - ye sabhI saMjJAeM cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka-pakSa se saMbaMdhita haiM / lokasaMjJA bhI sAmAnya laukika - pravRttiyoM se jur3I hone se usakA saMbaMdha bhI hamAre jaivika - cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka - pakSa se hI rahA huA hai| 1230 1231 saMjJAoM kI jo carcA jaina - paraMparA meM milatI hai, usameM ogha aura dharma - ye do saMjJAeM hI aisI haiM, jinakA saMbaMdha hama cetanA ke vivekAtmakapakSa se jor3a sakate haiM / yadyapi hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai ki yadi hama oghasaMjJA ko sAmAnya pravRtti ke rUpa meM aura dharmasaMjJA ko prANI - svabhAva ke artha meM grahaNa karate haiM, to inakA saMbaMdha bhI cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa se hogA, kintu ogha kA artha vivekapUrNa AcaraNa aura dharma kA artha vibhAva se 529 ihamegesi no saNNA bhavai, AcArAMgasUtra- 1/1/1 AcArAMgabhASya, AcArya mahAprajJa, jainavizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM, pR. 16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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530 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva svabhAva meM sthita hone kI prakriyA mAneM, to ina donoM kA saMbaMdha viveka se mAnanA hogaa| / yadyapi jainadarzana meM saMjJA ko mUlataH jaivika vAsanAtmaka-pahalU ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai, kintu jaina-darzana kI yaha bhI mAnyatA rahI hai ki ina jaivika-vAsanAtmaka-pravRttiyoM ke Upara niyaMtraNa yA vijaya prApta karane aura apane sahaja cetana svabhAva meM arthAt jJAtAdRSTAbhAva meM sthita rahane kA sAmarthya manuSya meM hai| jaina-AcArazAstra kI vizeSatA yahI hai ki usane sadaiva vAsanA para viveka kA aMkuza rakhA hai| pratyeka saMjJA ke vivecana meM hamane yaha dikhAyA hai ki una saMjJAoM para vijaya kaise prApta kreN| sAmAnyataH, jo saMjJAe~ jIvana-vyavahAra ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa kI uddIpaka haiM, una para to niyaMtraNa Avazyaka hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki saMjJA arthAt apanI vivekazakti ko krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka-pakSa meM nivezita na kreN| 1232 yahA~ vAsanA para viveka ke aMkuza kI bAta spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| saMjJA aura saMjJI meM aMtara - jainadarzana meM saMjJA ke vAsanAtmaka-pakSa ko saMjJA aura vivekAtmakapakSa ko saMjJI ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM saMjJA aura saMjJI -ye do zabda spaSTa rUpa se prayukta hue haiN| sAmAnyatayA, saMjJI vaha kahA jAtA hai, jisameM vivekAtmaka mana ho| isI vivake-kSamatA ke AdhAra para jaina-AcAryoM ne saMjJA aura saMjJI meM aMtara kiyA hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne yaha mAnA hai ki saMjJI prANI hI mokSa kA adhikArI hotA hai, jabaki mAtra saMjJA hone para kisI ko mokSa kA adhikAra 1232 aNAsitA nAma mahAsiyAlA, pagabhiNo tattha syaaykovaa| khajjati tattha bahukUrakammA, adUrayA saMkaliyAhiM baddhA / / 20 / / sadAjalA nAma nadI bhiduggA, pavijjalA lohviliinntttaa| jaMsI bhiduggaMsiM pavajjamANA, egAiyA'NukkamaNaM kreNti|| 21 / / eAI phAsAiM phusati bAlaM, niraMtaraM tattha ciradvitIyaM / Na hammamANassa tu hoti tANaM, ego sayaM paccaNuhoti dukkhaM / / 22 || -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-2/5/20,21,22 - 1233 saMjJinaH samanaskAH / -tattvArthasUtra- 2/25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva prApta ho -yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| zvetAmbara-paraMparA meM AhAra-saMjJA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI saMjJAoM kI upasthiti meM mokSa kA abhAva mAnA hai| digaMbara-paramparA to AhAra-saMjJA kI upasthiti meM bhI mokSa kI saMbhAvanA svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| dharma aura ogha-saMjJA ko jaba hama vivekAtmaka-rUpa se svIkAra karate haiM, taba vaha mokSa kA sAdhana banatI hai, lekina mokSa-avasthA to nizcaya meM saMjJA aura saMjJI se bhinna hai| mokSa-dazA meM na saMjJA rahatI hai aura na saMjJA kA bhAva rahatA hai| 1234 jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM jahA~ saMjJA zabda sAmAnya jaivikapravRttiyoM kA vAcaka hai, vahIM saMjJI zabda vivekazIla prANiyoM kA hI vAcaka hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne yaha mAnA hai ki jisameM heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA viveka ho, vahI saMjJI kahalAtA hai| 1235 isa AdhAra para ve yaha mAnate haiM ki saMjJA sAmAnyataH saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM meM pAyI jAtI hai, kintu saMjJI ve hI hote haiM, jo heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kI vivake-kSamatA se yukta hote haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra, sAMsArika-prANiyoM meM uccastarIya paMcendriya prANI aura manuSya hI aise haiM, jo saMjJI-pada ke adhikArI haiN| yadyapi nArakoM aura devoM meM saMjJIpanA mAnA gayA hai,1236 kintu ve donoM kI bhogabhUmiyA~ haiN| yahA~ ve kevala apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA bhoga karate haiM, unameM tyAga-mArga yA nivRtti-mArga meM Age bar3hane kI kSamatA nahIM hotii| cAhe unameM heya, jJeya yA upAdeya kA viveka ho (kyoMki naraka meM bhI samyagdRSTi jIva hote haiM), kintu na to unameM heya kA parityAga karane kI aura na upAdeya ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA hotI hai aura vaha apanI jaivika-vRttiyoM se bhinna jIvana jI sakate haiN| yadyapi kucha pazu, deva evaM nAraka, saMjJA aura saMjJI -donoM haiM, phira bhI heya kA parityAga aura upAdeya kA grahaNa karane kI zakti na hone ke kAraNa ve usI jIvana meM mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM haiN| isa prakAra, sAmAnya rUpa se hama kaha sakate haiM ki sAmAnyatayA saMjJAe~ prANIya-jIvana ke vAsanAtmaka aura jaivika-pakSa ko prastuta karatI haiM, jabaki saMjJA kA bhAva prANI ke vivekAtmaka-pakSa ko prastuta karatA hai| yahA~ hameM yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki jJAnAtmaka viveka-kSamatA aura 1234 1235 prajJApanAsUtra; sUtra 1965-1973 dravyAnuyoga, bhAga-1, muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala', adhyAya-9 pR. 270 prajJApanAsUtra, sUtra 1968-1973 1236 For Personal & Private Use Only

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532 janadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva AcaraNAtmaka viveka meM aMtara hai| jJAnAtmaka-viveka deva, nAraka aura paMcendriya-tiryaMca meM bhI hotA hai, kintu AcaraNAtmaka viveka kevala manuSya meM hI pAyA jAtA hai, isalie manuSya meM jJAnAtmaka-viveka aura AcaraNAtmaka-vivake-donoM kI hI saMbhAvanA hai| yadyapi jainadarzana meM tiryaMca paMcendriya ko bhI saMjJI kahA gayA hai, kintu usameM AcaraNAtmaka viveka-kSamatA sImita hotI hai| paramparAgata mAnyatA ke anusAra, ve kevala aMzataH hI zrAvaka-vrata kA pAlana kara sakate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki isa sambandha meM Adhunika jaiva-vaijJAnikoM aura jaina-cintakoM meM matabheda haiN| unameM jJAnAtmaka-viveka kI saMbhAvanA hai, kintu AcaraNAtmaka-viveka kI sImita saMbhAvanA hone se ve bhI mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM haiM aura isa dRSTi se ve saMjJI hote hue saMjJAoM para pUrNataH vijaya pAne kI zakti se rahita hote haiN| manuSya hI eka aisA prANI hai, jo saMjJA para apane saMjJIpana ke dvArA pUrNataH vijaya prApta kara mokSa kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra, hama kaha sakate haiM ki saMjJA prAyaH prANI ke vAsanAtmaka jaivika-pakSa ko prastuta karatI hai, to saMjJIpanA prANI ke vivekazIla-pakSa ko prastuta karatA hai| saMjJA sabhI jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai, kintu saMjJIpanA mAtra kucha jIvoM meM hI hotA hai aura usameM bhI heya, jJeya aura upAdeya ke viveka ke sAtha heya kA pUrNatayA tyAga aura upAdeya ke grahaNa kI sAmarthya mAtra manuSya meM hI hai| manuSya saMjJAyukta bhI hai aura saMjJI bhI hai| vaha apane saMjJIpana ke dvArA saMjJAoM para vijaya prApta karane kI sAmarthya rakhatA hai, yahI usakI vizeSatA hai| paMcendriya jIvoM meM ye saMjJAeM spaSTataH anubhUta hotI haiM aura ekendriya Adi jIvoM meM avyakta rUpa se hotI haiN| prastuta zodhaprabandha ke prathama adhyayana meM saMjJAoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa zodhaprabandha kA dvitIya adhyAya AhArasaMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| kSudhA-vedanIyakarma ke udaya se AhAra ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane kI abhilASA AhAra-saMjJA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isakI utpatti ke nimna cAra kAraMNa batAeM haiM - 1. peTa ke khAlI hone se, arthAt zArIrika saMracanA ke kAraNa AhAra kI AMkAkSA hone para, 2. kSudhA vedanIya karma ke udaya se, For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 533 3. AhAra sambandhI carcA se, 4. AhAra kA cintana karane se / yadyapi bhAratIya saMskRti dharma aura adhyAtma-pradhAna hai, kintu dharma aura adhyAtma kI sAdhanA deha-Azrita hai| bhAratIya manISiyoM ne yaha mAnA hai ki dharma-sAdhanA ke lie zarIra Avazyaka hai| binA zarIra ke sAdhanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kintu yaha zarIra AhAra-Azrita hai, AhAra ke binA zarIra nahIM cala sakatA, ataH zarIra ke rakSaNa aura poSaNa ke nimitta AhAra ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, kintu bhAratIya--ciMtakoM kA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki jIvana ke lie bhojana aparihArya hote hue bhI svastha evaM saMyamI jIvana ke lie AhAra kA viveka Avazyaka hai| jaba taka jIvana hai, taba taka AhAra kI AkAMkSA bhI rahI huI hai, kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki jo bhI cAhA, yA jaba bhI cAhA, khA liyA jaay| usake lie AhAra kA viveka bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki binA AhAra-viveka ke svAsthya aura sAdhanA -donoM saMbhava nahIM hai| prastuta dvitIya adhyAya meM hamane AhAra kI anivAryatA ko svIkAra karate hue yaha nirdhArita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki manuSya meM AhAra kA viveka kisa rUpa meM ho| AhArasaMjJA manuSya meM baiThI huI pAzavika -pravRtti kI paricAyaka hai, to AhAra-viveka usa pAzavika-pravRtti ko mAnavIya-guNa pradAna karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki hamaneM dvitIya adhyAya meM jahA~ eka ora AhArasaMjJA ke svarUpa, usakI upasthiti aura anivAryatA kI carcA kI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora AhAra ke viveka kI carcA bhI kI aura batAyA hai ki jaina-paramparA ke anusAra manuSya ko kyA, kaba aura kitanA khAnA cAhie, kyoMki AhAra ke viveka ke abhAva meM svayaM vyakti kA svAsthya bhI khatare meM par3a jaaegaa| vartamAna yuga meM manuSya apane svAsthya ke prati sajaga huA hai, ataH AhAra-saMjJA kA tathyAtmaka aura mUlyAtmaka-vivecana kiyA jAnA cAhie, yaha yuga kI mAMga hai| prastuta zodhaprabaMdha meM hamane 'isI dizA meM prayatna kiyA hai| isa zodhaprabaMdha kA tRtIya adhyAya bhaya-saMjJA se sambandhita hai| mohanIya-karma ke udaya se utpanna hone vAlA Avega bhaya hai, udvegoM ke mUla meM bhaya kI sattA rahI huI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra bhaya kI utpatti ke cAra kAraNa nimna haiM 1. sattvahInatA se, For Personal & Private Use Only

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534 2. bhayamohanIya karma ke udaya se, 3. bhayotpAdaka vacanoM ko sunakara, 4. bhaya sambandhI ghaTanAoM ke cintana se / yadyapi bhaya-saMjJA eka manobhAva hai, kintu usake kAraNa Aja sampUrNa vizva saMkaTapUrNa sthiti se gujara rahA hai / varttamAna sthiti ko dekheM, to bhaya-saMjJA yA aMdhavizvAsa eka vikaTa rUpa liye hue hai / vizva kA pratyeka deza jitanA prayAsa evaM arthavyaya mAnava-kalyANa ke lie nahIM karatA hai, utanA vaha surakSA ke lie karatA hai, kyoMki use anya zaktizAlI dezoM ke AkramaNa kA bhaya satata banA rahatA hai| Aja pArasparika- avizvAsa ke kAraNa astra-zastroM kI aMdhI daur3a ne mAnava ko bhayabhIta banA diyA hai| varttamAna yuga meM ve mAnavIya - kalyANa kI bAta chor3akara surakSA ko prAthamikatA dete haiN| isI saMdarbha meM jainadarzana meM saptavidha bhaya kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha milatA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se usakA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| jainadarzana bhaya ke sthAna para abhaya (ahiMsA) kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa ko pramukhatA detA hai / prANImAtra bhaya se kaise mukta ho, vizva meM zAnti kaise sthApita ho evaM mAnava-jAti kA kalyANa kaise ho, ina bAtoM kA tathyAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAnA cAhie / prastuta zodhaprabaMdha meM hamArA yahI uddezya rahA hai ki mAnavatA ko hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa prANI - jagat ko bhaya se kaise mukta kiyA jAe / isa zodhaprabaMdha kA caturtha adhyAya maithuna - saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai | cAritramohanIya karma ke udaya ke kAraNa kAmavAsanAjanya Avega maithuna-saMjJA kahalAtI hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM maithuna - saMjJA ke cAra kAraNa batAe haiM-. 1. nAmakarmajanya daihika - saMracanA ke kAraNa, 2. mohanIya karma ke udaya se, 3. kAmasambandhI carcA karane se, 4. vAsanAtmaka - cintana karane se / jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva strI-puruSa kI kAmecchA ko maithuna - saMjJA kahate haiN| jainadarzana meM aMtaraMga kAmecchA ke samAna hI bahiraMga maithuna - pravRtti ko bhI karmabandha kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH, maithuna - saMjJA manuSya kI pAzavikapravRtti kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 535 paricAyaka hai| isa para vijaya pAne hetu jaina-darzana meM brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ko mukti kA sopAna batAyA gayA hai| yaha bAta ThIka hai ki maithuna-saMjJA ke binA saMsAra nahIM cala sakatA, isIlie ise pUrI taraha se nakArA nahIM jA sakatA, parantu isa sambandha meM bhI viveka atiAvazyaka hai| yadi kAmavAsanAoM para viveka kI lagAma na lagAI jAe, to sampUrNa samAja-vyavasthA khatare meM par3a sakatI hai| prastuta caturtha adhyAya meM hamane kAmavAsanA sambandhI vikAroM ko viveka kI tarAjU meM tolane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, sAtha hI kAmavAsanA ke jaya kI prakriyA aura brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ke mahattva ko bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai tathA yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki kAmavAsanA kA nirasana kaise saMbhava hai| zodhaprabaMdha kA paMcama adhyAya parigraha-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| lobha mohanIya-karma ke udaya se sacitta va acitta dravya kA saMcaya karane kI vRtti parigraha-saMjJA hai| prANI kI saMcayAtmaka vRtti ke kAraNa isakI utpatti ke cAra prakAra batAe haiM - 1. saMcaya karane kI vRtti se, 2. lobha-mohanIya karma ke udaya se, 3. artha sambandhI kathA sunane se, 4. parigraha sambandhI vicAra karane se| tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'mUrchA parigraha hai| vastutaH, saMcaya meM gAr3ha Asakti parigraha-saMjJA hai| parigraha do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai - 1. bAhya, 2. aabhyntr| prastuta zodha meM parigraha ke svarUpa evaM lakSaNa kI carcA to kI hI gaI hai, sAtha hI saMcaya-vRtti se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM ko bhI darzAyA gayA hai| samAja meM saMcaya-vRtti ko lekara jo ApA-dhApI yA arAjakatA phailI huI hai, usakA nirAkaraNa kaise sambhava hai, yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI mahAtmA gAMdhI kA TrasTIzipa kA siddhAnta kitanA sArthaka ho sakatA hai aura mAnava-jIvana meM mamatva-vRtti kA tyAga evaM samatva-vRtti kA vikAsa kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai, isa dizA meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| . . zodha-prabandha kA SaSTha adhyAya krodha-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| krodha-saMjJA mAnasika-manovikAra to hai hI, kintu uttejaka Avega bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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536 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva hai, jisake uttejita hote hI vyakti bhAvAviSTa ho jAtA hai| usakI vicAra- kSamatA aura tarkazakti lagabhaga zithila ho jAtI hai| prastuta adhyAya meM krodha ke svarUpa, lakSaNa, kAraNa aura usake vibhinna rUpoM ke bAre meM carcA to kI hI gaI hai, sAtha hI krodha-saMjJA se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM ko bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM krodha saMvega aura AkrAmakatA kI mUlavRttiyoM para prakAza DAlate hae, krodha-saMjJA para vijaya kaise prApta kI jAe evaM jIvana meM mAnasika-zAMti. kisa prakAra sthApita kI jAe, isakI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| . zodhaprabaMdha kA saptama adhyAya mAna-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| svayaM ko ucca evaM dUsaroM ko nimna samajhanA yA ahaMkAra kI manovRtti mAnasaMjJA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "abhimAnI aham meM cUra hokara dUsaroM ko parachAI ke samAna tuccha mAnatA hai| mAnasaMjJA vinayabhAva aura maitrIbhAva kA hanana karane vAlI hai| ahaMkAra dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa-puruSArtha kA ghAtaka hai evaM vivekarUpI cakSu ko naSTa karane vAlA hai| isa prakAra, prastuta zodhaprabandha ke saptama adhyAya meM mAnasaMjJA kA svarUpa, usake bheda evaM usake duSpariNAmoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, sAtha hI, mAnasaMjJA yA ahaMkAravRtti para vijaya kisa prakAra se prApta kI jAe- yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zodhaprabaMdha kA aSTama adhyAya mAyA-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| mAyA saMjJA se tAtparya kapaTavRtti se hai| mukhyataH, hRdaya kI vakratA kA nAma mAyA hai| jaise baMjara bhUmi meM boyA bIja niSphala jAtA hai| malina cAdara para car3hAyA kesariyA raMga vyartha ho jAtA hai, namaka lage bartana meM dUdha vikRta ho jAtA hai; ThIka vaise hI mAyAvI kA kiyA gayA dharma-kArya bhI saphala nahIM ho pAtA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha ke aSTama adhyAya meM mAyAsaMjJA arthAt kapaTavRtti kA svarUpa, bheda evaM usake duSpariNAmoM para carcA kI gaI hai, sAtha hI, mAyA saMjJA yA kapaTavRtti para vijaya kisa prakAra se prApta kI jAe- yaha bhI batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zodhaprabaMdha kA navama adhyAya lobha-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| mohanIyakarma ke udaya se citta meM utpanna hone vAlI tRSNA yA lAlasA lobha kahalAtI hai| lobha eka aisI manovRtti hai, jisake vazIbhUta hokara vyakti pApoM ke daladala meM paira rakhane ke lie bhI taiyAra ho jAtA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM lobha-pravRtti ko amiSAvarta kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mAMsa For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ke lie giddha Adi pakSI cakkara kATate haiM, usI prakAra lobhI manuSya iSTa padArthoM kI prApti ke lie udyamazIla rahatA hai| prastuta zodhaprabaMdha ke navama adhyAya meM lobhasaMjJA se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM ko bhI batalAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, lobhavRtti para vijaya ke kyA upAya ho sakate haiM, yaha bhI khojane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai I isa zodhaprabaMdha kA dazama adhyAya lokasaMjJA evaM oghasaMjJA se sambandhita hai| loka- vyavahAra se cetanA kA prabhAvita honA lokasaMjJA hai, yA aisI icchA karanA, jaise- saMsAra meM merI pUchaparakha ho, merI pratiSThA meM vRddhi ho aura bhautika sukhoM kI prApti ho Adi kI abhilASA lokasaMjJA hai| upaniSadoM meM evaM jaina - grantha AcArAMga, isibhAsiyAiM Adi meM lokaiSaNA kA ullekha huA hai| hamArI dRSTi meM laukeSaNA kA tAtparya laukika- upalabdhiyoM kI AkAMkSA se hai| isake sAtha hI, prastuta zodha-prabandha meM lokasaMjJA kI prAsaMgikatA para vicAra karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, lokasaMjJA ke duSpariNAmoM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isI adhyAya meM lokasaMjJA ke sAtha-sAtha oghasaMjJA kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| prANImAtra meM rahane vAlI sAmAnya anukaraNa kI vRtti yA sAmudAyikatA kI vRtti oghasaMjJA hai / jo vRtti sampUrNa jAti, varga Adi meM samAna rUpa se pAI jAtI hai, vaha vRtti oghasaMjJA hai| jainAcAryoM ne janasAdhAraNa kI vRtti ke anusAra AcaraNa karane ko, athavA loka- pracalita vyavahAra kA samarthana karane ko oghasaMjJA kahA hai / prastuta zodhaprabandha ke isa dasaveM adhyAya meM oghasaMjJA ke artha ko vistArapUrvaka samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| samAja evaM janasAmAnya ke hita ko dhyAna meM rakhakara lokasaMjJA aura oghasaMjJA para kaise vijaya prApta kI jAe, yaha batAne kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai I 537 isa zodhaprabaMdha kA gyArahavAM adhyAya sukhasaMjJA aura duHkhasaMjJA se sambandhita hai| sAtAvedanIya - karma ke udaya se hone vAlI sukhada anubhUti sukhasaMjJA hai aura asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAlI duHkhada anubhUti duHkhasaMjJA hai / Adhunika manovijJAna meM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki sukha sadaiva anukUla isalie hotA hai ki usakA jIvana-zakti ko banAye rakhane kI dRSTi se mUlya hai aura duHkha isalie pratikUla hotA hai ki yaha jIvanazakti kA hrAsa karatA hai / yahI sukha - duHkha kA niyama samasta vyavahAra kA cAlaka hai| jaina - dArzanika bhI prANIya - vyavahAra ke cAlaka ke rUpa meM isI sukha - duHkha ke niyama ko svIkAra karate haiM / anukUla ke prati AkarSaNa aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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538 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva pratikUla ke prati vikarSaNa- yaha prANIya-svabhAva hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -"sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha priya hai, anukUla hai aura duHkha apriya hai, pratikUla hai|" sabhI prANI sukha prApta karanA cAhate haiM aura duHkha se bacanA cAhate haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha ke gyArahaveM adhyAya meM sukha aura duHkha saMjJAoM kA artha tathA unakI sApekSatA ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, sukha vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM aura duHkha vyavahAra ke nivartaka ke rUpa meM kisa prakAra kArya karate haiM, isa bAta kA bhI ullekha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta, sukhavAda kI avadhAraNA evaM bhautika-sukha aura Atmika-Ananda meM kyA antara hai, isako bhI samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa zodhaprabaMdha kA bArahavA~ adhyAya dharma-saMjJA se sambandhita hai| AtmA kI karmakSaya ke nimitta se hone vAlI svabhAva-pariNati dharmasaMjJA hai| . jainadarzana meM sva-svabhAva meM avasthiti aura parapariNati se nivRtti ko hI dharmasaMjJA kahA gayA hai| prastuta zodhaprabaMdha meM dharma ke vibhinna kArya, usakI paribhASAe~ evaM dharmasaMjJA kA samyaka svarUpa kyA hai, yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, dharma kI jIvana meM kyA upAdeyatA hai- isa bAta ko samajhAne kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| dharmasaMjJA hI mokSa kA sopAna kisa rUpa meM hai, use bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha ke terahaveM adhyAya meM hamane mohasaMjJA, zokasaMjJA aura vicikitsAsaMjJA kI carcA kI hai| yahA~ moha kA artha sAMsArika-padArtha ke prati mamatva kI vRtti hai, moha 'para' meM 'sva' kA AropaNa hai aura isalie vaha mokSa meM bAdhaka hai| prastuta adhyAya meM mohasaMjJA kI vivecanA karate hue yaha bhI batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki moha para vijaya kaise prApta kI jaaye| isI prakAra, isa adhyAya meM zokasaMjJA kI carcA kI gaI aura use ArtadhyAna kA hI rUpa batAyA gayA hai| isa zoka ke sAtha yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki isake kyA duSpariNAma hote haiM aura usa para vijaya kaise prApta kI jA sakatI hai? isa prakAra, isa adhyAya meM vicikitsA-saMjJA arthAt ghRNA kI vRtti kI carcA kI gaI hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki yaha vRtti kisake prati Avazyaka hai aura kisake prati anAvazyaka hai| mukhya rUpa se hamArA pratipAdya yaha hai ki jahA~ se rAga kA janma hotA hai, vahA~ jugupsA sAdhanA kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 539 Avazyaka aMga hai aura jahA~ dveSa kA janma hotA hai, vahA~ jugupsA anAvazyaka hai| vastutaH, jugupsA kI vRtti hameM rAga aura dveSa se mukti dilAtI hai aura isa prakAra vaha hamAre AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sahAyaka banatI hai| isa zodhaprabandha kA caudahavAM adhyAya jainadharma meM saMjJAoM kI avadhAraNA kA bauddhadharma meM caittasikoM kI avadhAraNA se tulanA se sambandhita hai| isameM bauddhadarzana ke bAvana caittasikoM ke svarUpa Adi ko spaSTa karake unakI jainadarzana kI saMjJAoM ke sAtha tulanA kI gaI hai| zodhaprabandha ke paMdrahaveM adhyAya meM jainadarzana kI saMjJA kI avadhAraNA aura manovaijJAnika maikaDyUgala kI mUlavRtti kI avadhAraNA kA tulanAtmakavivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura unameM rahI huI samAnatA aura bhinnatA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| zodhaprabandha kA antima solahavAM adhyAya upasaMhAra-rUpa hai| isameM saMjJA aura saMjJI meM antara, saMjJA vivekazIlatA {Faculty of Reasoning} kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI adhyAyoM ke sAratattva kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| . . vastutaH, hamArI cetanA para dharmasaMjJA (viveka) ko chor3akara anya saMjJAoM (vyavahAra ke preraka tattvoM) kA jo Adhipatya hai, use kaise tor3eM ? citta ko vAsanAmukta kaise kareM tathA saMjJAoM ke saMskAroM ko kaise miTAe~Aja yaha sAdhanA ke kSetra kA bhI jvalaMta prazna hai| isa prazna ke nirAkaraNa ke samyak upAya kI khoja hI prastuta zodha-prabandha kA mukhya lakSya rahA hai| Ayurveda kA siddhAnta hai ki bImArI eka hotI hai, parantu bheda ke kAraNa usake aneka rUpa ho jAte haiM, jaise darda darda hai, para sthAnabheda ke kAraNa sira kA darda, ghuTane kA darda, chAtI kA darda, kaMdhe kA darda, gardana kA darda Adi usake aneka rUpa ho jAte haiM, isI prakAra, saMjJA mUlataH daihika evaM caitasika-paryAyarUpa eka hI hai, mAtra svarUpa-bheda ke AdhAra para usake aneka prakAra ho jAte haiN| AhAra ke prati jo icchA aura tadjanya jo Asakti hotI hai, vaha AhArasaMjJA kahalAtI hai| cetanA meM jaba bhaya kA saMvega utpanna hotA hai aura tadjanya jo daihika-pratikriyAeM hotI haiM, ve bhayasaMjJA kahalAtI haiM tathA For Personal & Private Use Only

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540 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva parigraha yA saMcayana ke prati jo Asakti yA mUrchA kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai, vaha parigrahasaMjJA kahalAtI hai| vaise dekhA jAe, to saMjJA 'para' ke prati rAgAtmaka bhAva hI hai, parantu usakI jina-jina daihika-pratikriyAoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakti hotI hai, ve bhinna-bhinna saMjJAoM kA rUpa le letI haiN| cetanA kisI samaya kisI eka viSaya para saghana hotI hai aura kisI eka viSaya para virala hotI hai| nArakIya jIvoM meM bhaya-saMjJA, devatAoM meM parigraha-saMjJA, tiryaMca meM AhAra-saMjJA aura manuSya meM maithuna-saMjJA prabala hotI hai| yaha vibhAjana pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se kiyA jAtA hai| vaise to sabhI prANIya jIvoM meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha saMjJAe~ hotI hI haiM, kintu sabakA eka samaya meM prabala honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, kintu dharma-saMjJA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI saMjJAoM meM rAga-bhAva yA caitasika-Asakti hI pradhAna hotI hai, ataH vaha rAga-bhAva, tRSNA yA Asakti kaise chUTe, yaha saMjJA-mukti kA upAya hai| prastuta zodhaprabaMdha kA sAra yahI batalAnA hai ki saMjJAoM ko jAne, pahacAneM aura una para vijaya prApta karane kA prayAsa kreN| yaha asaMbhava nahIM hai ki hama saMjJAoM se mukta na hoN| AdamI kA vyaktitva parivartanazIla hai, vaha cetanA ke stara para saMjJAoM ke AvaraNa ko tor3a sakatA hai, arthAt isa prakAra anAsakta, vItatRSNA yA vItarAga . jIvana-dRSTi kA vikAsa kara apanI cetanA meM vivekazIlatA kA vikAsa kara sakatA hai| yadi yaha sambhava nahIM hotA hai, to sAdhanA kI bAta hI vyartha ho jAegI, dharma-sAdhanA kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAegA tathA hamAre puruSArtha kI bhI koI sArthakatA nahIM hogii| jaina dharmadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki -'pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatI hai| paramAtmapada kI yaha prApti tRSNA, rAga-dveSa evaM moha para vijaya arthAt saMjJAoM para vijaya-prApti ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| AtmA paramAtmA bane, hamArI cetanA nirAkula ho sake, yaha batAnA hI isa zodhaprabandha kI upAdeyatA hai| -------000------- For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 541 sandarbha-graMtha-sUcI jaina AgamoM kI sUcI kra | grantha kA nAma saMpAdaka/anuvAdaka prakAzaka sana | anuyogadvArasUtra | saMpA. madhukaramunijI zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1984 byAvara antakRtdazAMgasUtra | saMpA.yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) vi.sa. 2031 AcArAMgasUtra saMpA. AtmArAmajImuni samadarzI | jainAgama prakAzana samiti, jaina | 1963 (bhAga-1,2) sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA | AcArAgasUtra vA.pra./AcArya tulasI jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) | 2000 saM./AcArya mahAprajJa 5. | AcArAMgasUtra bhAga-1 | saMpA. nemIcaMda bAMThiyA zrI akhila bhAratIya sudharma, jaina | 2006 pArasamala caNDAliyA saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, byAvara (rAja.) 6. | AcArAMganiyukti / saM. zIlAMkakRta Agamodaya samiti, sUrata vi.saM. 1973 AvazyakasUtra saM. jinendragaNI harSapuSyAmRta jaina granthamAlA, 1975 lAkhAbAkhala, zAntipurI (saurASTra) AvazyakasUtra saM. yuvAcArya zrI mizrImala Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) 9. | Avazyakaniyukti a | saM. bhadrabAhukRta niyukti kI | Agamodaya samiti, bambaI 1928 malayagiri TIkA 10. | amidhAna rAjendrakoSa / / koza-saMkalana zrImadra zrI abhidhAnarAjendrakoza 1986 (bhAga 1-7) rAjendrasUrijI ma.sA. prakAzana saMsthA, ahamadAbAda | Agama zabdakoSa AcArya tulasI, AcArya mahAprajJa | jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 1980 | jaina Agama : vanaspati | AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) | 1996 koza 11. | 13. isibhAsiyAI suttAiM | saM. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara 14. . uttarAdhyayanasUtra | saM. A. madhukaramuni prAkRtabhAratI akAdamI, jayapura | 1988 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1984 byAvara For Personal & Private Use Only

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542 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 15. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 16. | uttarAdhyayananiyukti | sa. AcArya mahAprajJa sa. zAntisUri 1927 17. | upAsakadazAMgasUtra sa. AcArya madhukaramuni 18. | upAsakadazAMgasUtra 19. | oghaniyukti saM. AcArya mahAprajJa | saM. vijayajinendra sUri 20. | aupapAtikasUtra saM. yuvAcArya zrI mizrImala jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, (rAja.) | 2000 devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, 1984 byAvara jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, (rAja.) | 2000 zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, | 1989 lAkhAbAkhala, zAMtipurI zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, | 1989 lAkhAbAkhala, zAMtipurI AnandasAgarajI, sailAnA 1976 jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) / vi.saM. 2033 jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) | 1964 zrI Agana prakAzana samiti, byAvara haidarAbAda sikandarAbAda jaina 2446 21. | kalpasUtra 22. | ThANaM saM. AnandasAgarajI muni nathamala (mahAprajJa) 23. | dasaveAliyaM saM. AcArya mahAprajJa 24. | nandIsUtra saM. AcArya madhukaramuni 1984 25. | nizIthasUtra vyAkhyA, amolaka RSi . saMgha 26. | praznavyAkaraNa saM. AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizvabhA 27. | prajJApanAsUtra saM. A. madhukaramuni 28. | bhagavatIsUtra sa. yuvAcArya zrI madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1993 vyAvara (rAja.) zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara (rAja.) jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) | 1994 29. sa. AcArya mahAprajJa | bhagavaI (viAhapaNNatti) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra saM. AcArya madhukara muni 1991 31. | samavAyAMgasUtra saM. AcArya madhukara muni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) | 1991 jJAtAdharmakathAMga saM. AcArya madhukara muni 1981 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 543 bauddha-paramparA ke tripiTaka-granthoM kI sUcI prakAzaka sana 1. mahAbodhi sabhA, kalakattA 1963 | kra | grantha kA nAma | saMpAdaka/anuvAdaka aMguttaranikAya anu. bhadanta Ananda kauzavyAyana abhidhammatthasaMgaho AcArya anuruddha/ anu. bhadanta Ananda kauzavyAyana buddha vihAra, lakhanaU 1960 3. dhammapada buddha vihAra, lakhanaU anu. rAhulajI bhikSu jagadIza majjhimanikAya nava nAlaMdA mahAvihAra, saMskaraNa majjhimanikAya (hindI) mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha nava nAlaMdA mahAvihAra dharmarakSita mahAbodhisabhA 1954 saMyukta nikAya saMyukta nikAya | anu. jagadIza kAzyapa (hindI) suttanipAta anu. bhikSu dharmaratna digambara-paramparA ke granthoM kI sUcI | mahAbodhisabhA, banArasa 1950 grantha kA . nAma saMpAdaka/anuvAdaka prakAzaka san tattvArtharAjavArttika | akalaMkadeva, saM. pro. mahendra | bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18, 1997 kumAra jaina (bhAga 1-2) iMsTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, naIdillI puruSArthasiddhiyupAya | zrI amRtacandrAcArya paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa | 1966 dharmAmRta anagAra paM. AzAdhara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prakAzana, saM. kailAzacandrazAstrI naIdillI tattvArthasUtra vAcaka umAsvAti, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI | 2007 saM. paM. sukhalAla siMghavI | tattvArthasUtra vAcaka umAsvAti, zrI jaina divAkara sAhityapITha, | 1987 saM.upAdhyAya zrI kevalamuni mahAvIra bhavana, 156, imalI bAjAra, indaura prazamarati / vAcaka umAsvAti paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, mumbaI 1950 7. prazamarati vAcaka umAsvAti, zrI vizvakalyANa prakAzana TrasTa, | vi.saM. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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544 8. 9. 11. 10. pravacanasAra niyamasAra 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 20. (bhAga 1-2) paMcAstikAyasaMgraha 21. samayasAra 22. kArttikeyAnuprekSA mokSamArga prakAzaka chahaDhAlA 19. SaTkhaNDAgama (SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA sahita) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) dravyasaMgraha (bRhaddravyasaMgraha) pravacana - sAroddhAra (bhAga 1-2) sarvArthasiddhi bRhadravyasaMgraha (TIkAsahita) mUlAcAra jJAnArNava anu. bhadraguptavijayajI kundakundAcArya kundakundAcArya kundakundAcArya kundakundAcArya A. kArttikeya paM. ToDaramala kavivara daulatarAma A. nemicandra A. nemicandra A. nemicandra, anu. sAdhvI hemaprabhAzrI pUjyapAda devanandI, saM. phUlacandra zAstrI puSpadaMta bhUtabali, saM. phUlacandra zAstrI brahmadeva AcArya vaTTakerasvAmI AcArya zubhacandra jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva mahesANA. gu. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa zrI pAThana digambara jaina digambara jaina triloka zodha sasthAna zrI rAjacandra granthamAlA, agAsa sAhitya prakAzana e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura paMDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4 bApUnagara jayapura zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura bhAratIya jJAnapITha, lodI roDa naIdillI jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura zrImadrarAjacandra Azrama, agAsa bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSad zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImadrAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa For Personal & Private Use Only 2042 2000 1950 1982 1950 1960 1994 1978 1966 1999 1999 1985 vi.saM. 2022 1996 1995

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 545 1983 sana 1962 zrI ratnakaraNDaka | zrI samantabhadra AcArya zrI madhyakSetrIya mumukSu maNDala zrAvakAcAra saMgha, sAgara (ma.pra.) vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM kI sUcI kra | grantha kA nAma | saMpAdaka/anuvAdaka prakAzaka | atharvaveda saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI Rgveda saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI kalyANa (bhAgavatAMka) 'kalyANa kAryAlaya, solahaveM varSa vizeSAMka gItApresa, gorakhapura zrImadbhagavadgItA gItApresa, gorakhapura gItA (zAMkarabhASya) gItApresa, gorakhapura 1962 1998 2018 | gItA (rAmAnujabhASya) gItApresa, gorakhapura 2008 garUr3a purANa mahAbhArata vedavyAsa saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI gItApresa, gorakhapura pustaka maMdira, mathurA manusmRti AcArya manu vi.saM. 2015 10. | mArkaNDeyapurANa vedavyAsa gItApresa, gorakhapura saM. 2057 gItApresa, gorakhapura 2057 11. zrImadvAlmIkIya . maharSi vAlmIki rAmAyaNa 12. zrI viSNupurANa (hindI / vedavyAsa anuvAda sahita) paravartI AcAryoM evaM lekhakoM kRta sUcI gItApresa, gorakhapura . 2057 kra | saMpAdaka/anu | vAdaka grantha kA nAma prakAzana san annamabhaTTa tarkasaMgraha motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI | 1985 | Adhunika sAmAnya manovijJAna 2008 | motIlAla banArasIdAsa, | dillI AzISakumAra siMha For Personal & Private Use Only

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546 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatatta 3. arUNakumAra siMha uccatara sAmAnya manovijJAna | motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 1997 A arUNakumAra siMha vyaktitva kA manovijJAna | 2000 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 5 arUNakumAra siMha | Adhunika asAmAnya manovijJAna | 2001 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA-2 | | 6. amara muni | 7. | ojhA evaM bhArgava | sUkti triveNI / zArIrika manovijJAna | 1983 haraprasAda bhArgava pustaka, 4/230, kacaharI ghATa, AgarA 8.. | ozo | mahAvIra vANI (1+2) rebala pabliziMga hAusa prA. | 1998 li., 50 koregA~va pArka, puNe jaina divAkara sevAsaMgha, | 1992 bAjAra roDa, karnATaka kevala muni bhagavAna mahAvIra 10. | kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA / duHkharahita sukha | 2005 kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA jaina dharma meM dhyAna 2007 giradhArIlAla zrIvAstava zikSA manovijJAna | 1972 prAkRta bhAratIya akAdamI, jayapura prAkRta bhAratIya akAdamI, jayapura nyU bilDiMgsa, amInAbAda, lakhanaU zA. bhImarAja bhagavAnacandajI dhArIvAla, po. gar3ha bhivAnA (rAja.) sAhitya bhaMDAra, subhASa bAjAra, meraTha zrI paMcasUtra zrI ciraMtanAcArya saM. zrI | jitendravijayajI citaraMjanadAsa sAMkhyakArikA (DaoN. rAmakRSNa AcArya) 15. | citaraMjanadAsa sAMkhyakArikA | (DaoN. rAmakRSNa AcArya) 15. | zrI candraprabhasAgara | ApakI saphalatA Apake hAtha haMsA prakAzana, jayapura 2008 | 2005 | jitayazA phAuMDezana bI-7. anukaMpA dvitIya ema.AI. roDa, jayapura pustaka mahala, dillI prAkRta vidyApITha vaizAlI, 16 | zrI candraprabha sAgara na janma na mRtyu 2003 zrI jinabhadragaNi vizeSAvazyakabhASya For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 547 zramAzramaNa bihAra zrI jinasenAcArya | mahApurANa jayaprakAza nAtha eMDa kaMpanI, | 1973 meraTha | DaoN. je.ena. sinhA nItizAstra jayaprakAza nAtha eMDa kaMpanI, meraTha 20 muni tarUNasAgara duHkha se mukti kaise mile ? ahiMsA mahAkuMbha prakAzana, | 2010 196, sekTara-18, pharIdAbAda (hariyANA) 21 | | devendrasUrikRta, sa.pa / karmagrantha (1-5) zrI marUdhara kesarI sAhitya | 1976 muni zrI mizrImalajI prakAzana samiti, jodhapura, byAvara 22 | A. devendramuni karmavijJAna (1-9) zrI tAraka gurU jaina | 1993 graMthAlaya, zAstrI sarkila, udayapura 23 | A. devendramuni dharma, darzana, manana aura mUlyAMkana zrI tAraka gurU jaina 1983 graMthAlaya, zAstrI sarkila, udayapura 24 | A. devendramuni aNu se pUrNa kI yAtrA zrI tAraka gurU jaina 1995 graMthAlaya, zAstrI sarkila, udayapura 25 | A. devendramuni vyasana chor3o, jIvana mor3o | zrI tAraka gurU jaina | 1996 graMthAlaya, zAstrI sarkila, udayapura 26 A. devendramuni | bhagavAn mahAvIra eka anuzIlana | zrI tAraka gurU jaina 1974 zAstra graMthAlaya, zAstrI sarkila, udayapura 27 dulIcanda jaina jinavANI ke motI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, | 2000 vArANasI 28 | zrI dharmadAsagaNI upadezamAlA jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA khArageTa, | vi.sa. bhAvanagara, saurA. 2041 29 | nIraja jaina mAnavatA kI dhurI . prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, 2006 mujaphpharanagara 30 maharSi pataMjali, | pAtaMjala yogasUtra (abhinava prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 2009 For Personal & Private Use Only

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548 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jayapura | saM. kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA | nirUpaNa) bharatasiMha upAdhyAya bauddhadarzana evaM bhAratIya-darzana (1-2) bhairodAna seThiyA zrI jaina siddhAMta bola saMgraha 2011 | 1998 33 | AcArya mahAprajJa | soyA mana jAga jAe 1998 -434 AcArya mahAprajJa / avacetana mana se samparka 35 AcArya mahAprajJa | abhaya kI khoja 36 | AcArya mahAprajJa mahAvIra kA arthazAstra | agaracaMda bhairodAsa seThiyA jaina paramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana, lADanUM (rAja.) jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana, 1984 lADanUM (rAja.) jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana, lADanUM (rAja.) jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana, lADanUM (rAja.) jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana, lADanUM (rAja.) jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana, | 1978 lADanUM (rAja.) jahAja maMdira, mAMDavalA vi.saM. (rAja.) 2533 jahAja maMdira, mAMDavalA 2009 (rAja.) prAcya vidyApITha, dupAr3A roDa, zAjApura, ma.pra. 37 | AcArya mahAprajJa mahAvIra kA svAsthya zAstra 38 | AcArya mahAprajJa | cetanA kA urdhArohaNa 39 | muni manitaprabhasAgara | prathama karmagrantha / 40 | muni manitaprabhasAgara daNDakaprakaraNa adhyAtmasAra 41 | yazovijayajI, anu. DaoN. prItidarzanAzrIjI yazovijayajI, vivecana bhadragupta vijayajI yazovijayajI, jJAnasAra vizvakalyANa prakAzana TrasTa | 2042 bhavana, mahesANA jJAnasAra 1995 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura anugaNi maNiprabhasAgara DaoN. rAmanAtha zarmA | sAmAnya manovijJAna kI rUparekhA | kedAranAtha rAmanAtha, 132, kAlija roDa, meraTha 1979 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 549 vi.saM. 2055 Robert S. Understanding Tata Mc Graw Hill Feldman Psychology Publishing Company Limited, New-Delhi | vadidevasUri pramANanayatattvAloka jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, 1972 pAtharDI, ahamadAbAda | muni vinayasAgara | gautamarAsa : parizIlana prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 1987 jayapura 48 | sAdhvI DaoN. vinItaprajJA | uttarAdhyayana dArzanika zrI candraprabhu mahArAja juna 2002 anuzIlana evaM vartamAna pariprekSya | jaina maMdira TrasTa, 345 minTa meM usakA mahatva sTrITa 49 | vAmana zivarAma ApTe | saMskRta-hindI koza motIlAla banArasIlAla vArANasI 50 haribhadrasUri zrI lalita vistarA divyadarzana TrasTa dvArA kumArapAla vizAha, 36 kalikuNDa sosAyaTI, dholakA, (gujarAta) 51 A. hemacandrAcArya yogazAstra nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana 1975 saMgha, dillI-6 52 | A. hemacandrAcArya | triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara 53 | A. zrI hemaratnasUri | rIsarca oNpha DAInIMga Tebala arhad dharma prabhAvaka TrasTa saM.. prArthanApITha, 17, ilorA pArka | 2063 sosAyaTI, jaina derAsara ke pAsa, nAraNapurA, cAra rastA, ahamadAbAda 54 | sA. DaoN. hemaprajJAjI | kaSAya : eka tulanAtmaka zrI vicakSaNa prakAzana, indaura | 1999 adhyayana 55 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina | jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra | rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratIya | 1982 darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana | saMsthAna, jayapura (bhAga 1-2) 56 | DaoN. sAgaramala jaina dharma kA marma | prAcyavidyApITha, dupAr3A roDa, | 2010 zAjApura, ma.pra. For Personal & Private Use Only

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550 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 1994 58 | DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 59 | DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 1997 jaina dharmadarzana evaM saMskRti pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, (bhAga-1) vArANasI ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA prAcya vidyA zAjApura | jainadharma aura tAMtrika sAdhanA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI nItidarzana kI pUrva pIThikA prAkRta bhAratIya akAdamI, jayapura nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa senTrala buka Dipo, ilAhAbAda / | jainadarzana, samyakajJAna darzana ke | bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, pariprekSya meM dillI 60 | saMgamalAla pANDe 2005 saMgamalAla pANDe | 1969 62 | DaoN. sAdhvI subhASA | 2004 patra-patrikAeM anekAnta vIra sevA mandira, naIdillI sa. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara, u.pra. vijayazIlacandrasUri 2. | anusandhAna saM. ajaya virATa carama maMgala (mAsika patrikA) kriznA grAphiksa, kirITa harajIbhAI paTela, 966, nAraNapurA, jUnA gAma, ahamadAbAda jaya gurUdeva sAhitya 'elArakA hAusa' 11vIM 'I' roDa, saradArapurA, jodhapura jinavANI, dukAna naM. 182 ke upara, bApU bAjAra, jayapura-03 (rAja.) jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM, rAja. zrI tArakagurU jaina granthAlaya, gurU puSkara mArga, udayapura (rAja.) jinavANI pro. DaoN. dharmacandra jaina | tulasI prajJA / mumukSu zAntA jaina / devendrabhAratI vIrendra DAMgI For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 551 zodha-prabandha-sAra pAzcAtya-manovijJAna meM prANIya-vyavahAra kA preraka-tattva mUlapravRttiyoM Instincts} ko mAnA gayA hai| inhIM prANIya-vyavahAra ke preraka-tattvoM ko jainadarzana meM 'saMjJA' kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana aura Adhunika-manovijJAna -donoM meM ye pravRttiyA~ janmajAta mAnI gaI haiN| prANIya-vyavahAra kI preraka yA saMcAlaka ina mUlavRttiyoM ko hI saMjJA kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki mUlapravRttiyoM ke samAna saMjJA bhI janmanA hotI hai| eka anya apekSA se, saMsArI-jIva ke jIvatva ko jisase jAnA yA pahacAnA jAtA hai, use saMjJA kahate haiN| vastutaH, jIva ke jIvatva ko usake bAhya evaM AbhyAntara-vyavahAra se hI jAnA jAtA hai, ataH jo isa vyavahAra kA preraka-tattva hai, vahI saMjJA hai| saMjJA zArIrika AvazyakatAoM evaM manobhAvoM kI vaha mAnasika-saMcetanA hai, jo abhilASA yA AkAMkSA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI hai aura hamAre vyavahAra kI preraka banatI hai| saMjJAoM se bAdhita hokara hI jIva isa loka meM karma karatA hai aura karma ke pariNAmasvarUpa jIva sAMsArika-sukha yA duHkha ko prApta hotA hai| dUsare, inhIM saMjJAoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa vyakti tanAvagrasta bhI banatA hai| kSudra prANI se lekara vikasita manuSya taka, sabhI saMsArI-jIvoM meM jo AhAra, bhaya, maithuna va parigraha rUpa vRttiyA~ pAI jAtI haiM, jainadharma meM unheM saMjJA kahate haiN| jainadarzana meM saMjJA eka pAribhASika zabda hai| usameM saMjJA kI zAstrIya paribhASA isa prakAra hai - "vedanIya tathA mohanIya-karma ke udaya se evaM jJAnAvaraNIya tathA darzanAvaraNIya-karma ke kSayopazama se AhArAdi kI prApti kI jo abhilASA, ruci yA manovRtti hai, vahI saMjJA hai|" jainAgamoM meM saMjJA zabda vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai, jaise - 1. nAma yA vAcaka zabda ke artha meM Noun} 2. vivekazakti ke artha meM Knowledge & Reason} 3. icchA yA abhilASA ke artha meM Desire} For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva sarvArthasiddhi graMtha meM 'saMjJA' kA artha nAma hai - " saMjJA nAmetyucyate / vyakti, vastu, sthAna evaM bhAva ko jo nAma diyA jAtA hai, arthAt jisa nAma se vaha pahacAnA jAtA hai, vyAkaraNa - zAstra kI apekSA se use hI saMjJA kahate haiM / yadyapi saMjJA ke kAraNa hI vyakti kI apanI pahacAna hotI hai aura usI pahacAna ke kAraNa hI vaha vizva meM jAnA jAtA hai, kintu prastuta prasaMga meM saMjJA zabda isa artha meM gRhIta nahIM hai| 552 yadi saMjJA kI vyutpatti sam + jJAna se mAneM, to vaha vicAra-vimarza kI pravRtti ke rUpa meM siddha hotA hai / tattvArthasUtra meM matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha karate hue, usameM saMjJA ko matijJAna kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| manuSya meM jJAnAvaraNIya - karma ke kSayopazama se, jo jJAna va viveka kI zakti prakaTa hotI hai, use bhI saMjJA kahA gayA hai| isI AdhAra para, hita kI prApti aura ahita kA tyAga karane kI kSamatA jisa jIva meM hotI hai, use saMjJI kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ noindriyAvaraNIyakarma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hue viveka - sAmarthya ko bhI saMjJA kahA gayA hai / vimarza-rUpa mana ke abhAva athavA anya indriyoM ke jJAna se yukta, jIva asaMjJI hote haiM, kintu prastuta - prasaMga meM saMjJA kA yaha artha bhI sImita hai / vyApaka artha meM saMjJA saMsArI - jIvoM ke vyavahAra kI preraka daihika yA caitasika - Antarika - vRtti hai| kyoMki, jainAgamoM meM saMjJA kA eka artha icchA yA AkAMkSA {Desire} bhI liyA gayA hai, phira bhI icchA, AkAMkSA tathA saMjJA meM antara hai| saMjJA prasupta yA avacetana meM rahI huI icchA hai| AhAra Adi viSayoM kI avyakta icchA ko saMjJA kahA gayA hai| yaha prasupta cetanA vAle ekendriya Adi meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| jainadarzana meM jIva - vRtti { wants], kSudhA {Appetite}, abhilASA Desire }, vAsanA ( Sex}, kAmanA {wish}, AzA {Expectation ], lobha (Greed}, tRSNA (Thirst}, Asakti {Attachment} aura saMkalpa (Will } - ye sabhI saMjJA ke paryAyavAcI rUpa meM prayukta hue haiM, jinakA sAmAnya artha zarIra, indriyoM aura mana kI apane viSayoM kI cAha se hai| pratyeka jIva- tattva, cAhe vaha ekendriya ho yA paMcendriya, usameM AhAra Adi saMjJAe~ avyakta yA vyakta rUpa meM avazya pAI jAtI haiN| ekendriya se lekara pazujagat taka prANI meM jIvavRtti ke sAtha-sAtha kSudhA kA bhI yoga rahatA hai, lekina mAnavIya stara para to saMjJA ke aneka rUpa upalabdha hote haiM / isa stara para avyakta AkAMkSAe~ cetanA ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 553 stara para Akara vyakta ho jAtI haiN| vastutaH, jIvavRtti se lekara saMkalpa taka ke sAre staroM meM icchA ke mUlatattva kI dRSTi meM koI antara nahIM hai, cAhe vaha AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kI saMjJA kyoM na ho, aMtara hai to kevala cetanA meM usake spaSTa bodha kaa| sabhI prANIya-pravRttiyoM evaM AkAMkSAoM kA mUla kAraNa saMjJA hai| vartamAna yuga meM sAmAnya manovijJAna, zikSA manovijJAna, bAla-manovijJAna, kAma-manovijJAna Adi meM prANiyoM kI ina mUlavRttiyoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| jainadarzana kI ye saMjJAeM vastutaH Adhunika manovijJAna kI mUlavRttiyoM se bahuta-kucha samAnatA rakhatI haiM, jo prANI kI Antarika-manovRtti aura bAhyapravRtti -donoM ko sUcita karatI haiM, jisase prANI kI jIvana-zailI kA bhalIbhAMti adhyayana ho sakatA hai| ina saMjJAoM ke adhyayana dvArA manuSya yA kisI bhI prANI kI vRtti-pravRttiyoM kA patA lagAkara usake jIvana meM sudhAra yA parivartana lAyA jA sakatA hai| isI dRSTi se saMjJAoM ke adhyayana kA jIvana meM bahuta mahattva hai| svayaM kI vRttiyoM ko TaTolakara aura tadanusAra usameM saMzodhana parivarddhana karake hama AtmacikitsA kara sakate haiN| atIta kAla se Aja taka pratyeka prANI anukUla pariveza meM rahanA cAhatA hai| vaha pratikUla pariveza kA tyAga kara anukUla pariveza ke sAtha samAyojana karatA hai, kintu yahA~ prazna hai - 1. vaha aisA kyoM karatA hai ? 2. kisa prakAra karatA hai ? 3. usakA uddezya kyA hai ? uparyukta sabhI pravattiyA~ hameM eka bAra yaha socane ko vivaza karatI haiM ki unake pIche kauna-sA tattva hai| vastutaH, unake pIche yA mUla meM jo tattva hai, vahI saMjJA hai| manuSya eka vicArazIla prANI hai, isalie cintana aura manana karanA usakA pradhAna lakSya hai| cintana-manana kI yogyatA se hI AcaraNa meM vivekazIlatA prakaTa hotI hai| vivekapUrNa AcaraNa meM hI mAnava-jIvana kI mahattA hai| yoM to AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi sAmAnya pravRttiyA~ manuSya aura pazu sabameM hotI haiM, kintu apanI viveka-zakti ke kAraNa hI manuSya For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ucita yA anucita kA bheda kara sakatA hai| jJAna nyUnAdhika rUpa meM ekendriya jIvoM se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM hotA hai, phira bhI saMjJI prANiyoM meM vivekazakti spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai / 554 prANI-jagat meM Asakti yA AkAMkSA kA mUla kAraNa parigraha - saMjJA hai parigraha - saMjJA ke kAraNa hI jIva sukha - duHkha kI prApti karatA hai| sukha kI prApti ke lie hI prANI pUrA saMsAra racAtA - basAtA hai| cIMTI rahane ke lie miTTI kA TIlA banAtI hai, to cUhe, sA~pa, chachUndara Adi bila banAte haiM, pakSI ghoMsalA banAte haiM, to jaMgalI pazu guphAoM aura kaMdarAoM meM apane rahane ke lie jagaha khojate haiM aura manuSya apane lie makAna kA nirmANa karate haiMaisA kyoM ? kyoMki prANImAtra kI yaha icchA hotI hai ki vaha pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI sukhapUrvaka rhe| ve ghara isalie bhI banAte haiM ki zIta, uSNa evaM varSAkAla meM ve surakSita raha sakeM, yA phira koI balavAn prANI una para hamalA kare, to ve apane ko surakSita rakha skeN| isa bhaya ke kAraNa bhI ve apane lie anukUla jagaha kI khoja karate haiN| AhAra Adi cAra saMjJAeM bAhya - rUpa se dRzya haiM, para mAnasika - saMjJAeM to mana meM jamI rahatI haiM va jIvana-zailI ko satata dizA detI rahatI haiN| krodhAdi kaSAyoM evaM nokaSAyoM se sambandhita jo mAnasika - saMjJAeM haiM, ve karmoM ke baMdha kA mUla kAraNa haiN| prANI viSaya - kaSAyoM meM par3akara bhavabhramaNa ko bar3hAtA hai evaM lakSya se bhaTaka jAtA hai| yahA~ taka ki jaba jIva kAma, vAsanA, krodha, lobha Adi saMjJAoM ke vazIbhUta ho jAtA hai, to vaha pazutulya vyavahAra karatA hai| use hita-ahita kA bhAna hI nahIM rahatA / isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki prANI - vyavahAra kI preraka hone se saMjJAoM kA hamAre jIvana meM bahuta adhika mahattva hai| prANI - vyavahAra gatizIla hotA hai| pAzcAtya - manovijJAna meM isa prANIya- vyavahAra ko gati dene vAle preraka tattvoM ko mUlapravRttiyoM {Instincts}, saMvegoM {Emotions } evaM sthAI- bhAvoM (Sentiments } ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai / pAzcAtya - manovijJAna ke prANIya - vyavahAra ke ina preraka-tattvoM ko jainadarzana meM 'saMjJA' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM ye pravRttiyA~ janmajAta mAnI gaI haiN| jainadarzana inameM se AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi kucha pravRttiyoM ko janmajAta mAnatA hai, to dharma Adi kucha pravRttiyoM ko arjita bhI mAnatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jainadarzana ke anusAra, ina sabhI pravRttiyoM kA saMbaMdha laukika - jIvana se hI hai| yadyapi jainadarzana meM jinheM saMjJA kahA gayA hai, ve Adhunika manovijJAna kI mUlapravRttiyoM, saMvegoM aura sthAI bhAvoM se bhinna nahIM haiM, phira bhI inameM AMzika samAnatA hI dekhI jAtI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, ye sabhI pravRttiyA~ saMsArI - jIvoM meM hI pAI jAtI haiM, jIvoM meM nahIM, kyoMki prAyaH ye sabhI dehAzrita haiM, kintu jainadarzana kA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki prANI aura vizeSa rUpa se manuSya kA yaha dAyitva hai ki vaha inase Upara uThane kA prayatna kare, kyoMki vaha ina vAsanAjanya jaivika - mUla - pravRttiyoM se Upara uTha sakatA hai| saMjJA zArIrika - AvazyakatA aura mAnasika - saMcetanA hai, jo abhilASA aura AkAMkSA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI hai aura prANI ko usa dizA meM vyavahAra karane ko prerita karatI hai / sAmAnyatayA, hama kaha sakate haiN| ki saMjJAoM yA vyavahAra ke abhiprerakoM se bAdhita hokara hI jIva isa loka meM karma karatA hai aura una karmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa sAMsArika sukha yA duHkha ko prApta hotA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, inhIM saMjJAoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa vyakti tanAvagrasta bhI hotA hai| jainadarzana kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki kSudra prANI se lekara manuSya taka - sarbhI saMsArI jIvoM meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha - rUpa vRttiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, unameM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke tattva bhI pAe jAte haiM, phira bhI jainadarzana meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki manuSya inase Upara uTha sakatA hai, ataH jahA~ Adhunika manovijJAna meM mUlapravRttiyA~ eka bAdhyatA - rUpa haiM, vahA~ jainadarzana meM kama-se-kama manuSyoM ke lie ye bAdhyatA - rUpa nahIM haiM, kyoMki manuSya meM ina para vijaya pAne kI kSamatA hai| jainadarzana kI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki vItarAga paramAtmA meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, duHkha, moha, zoka aura vicikitsA - ina bAraha saMjJAoM kA abhAva hotA hai, ve laukika - pravRttiyoM se bhI rahita hote haiN| isa prakAra, jainadarzana ke anusAra yadyapi saMjJAe~ vyavahAra kI preraka haiM, kintu phira bhI ve mAnavIya - vyavahAra ke lie bAdhyatA - rUpa nahIM haiN| vyakti apane dRr3ha saMkalpa ke bala para inase Upara uTha sakatA hai| 555 sAtha hI, jainadarzana meM yaha 'saMjJA' zabda vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta hotA rahA hai| vyAkaraNa - zAstra kI apekSA se saMjJA zabda nAma yA pahacAna kA vAcaka hai, lekina prastuta zodhaprabaMdha meM hamane saMjJA zabda kA jo artha gRhIta For Personal & Private Use Only

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556 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva kiyA hai, vaha isase bhinna hai| yadyapi sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka tattvArthasUtra kI TIkA meM saMjJA kA artha nAma yA pahacAna batAyA gayA hai,1237 phira bhI prastuta prasaMga meM saMjJA kA yaha artha abhipreta nahIM hai| sAmAnyatayA, vyakti ke jIvana ke abhipreraka ke rUpa meM saMjJA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM saMjJA eka pAribhASika zabda hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne saMjJA kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai -"vedanIya tathA mohanIya-karmoM ke udaya se evaM jJAnAvaraNIya tathA darzanAvaraNIya-karmoM ke kSayopazama se AhArAdi ke prati jo vAsanAtmaka-abhiruciyA~ hotI haiM tathA ucita yA anucita kI. vivekAtmaka-pravRtti hotI hai, vahI saMjJA hai|-30 isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM saMjJA zabda do arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| vedanIya va mohanIya-karma ke udaya se AhAra, bhaya, maithuna Adi kI jo abhilASA, abhiruci hotI hai, vaha bhI saMjJA hai, sAtha hI, jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se jo heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA viveka jAgrata hotA hai, vaha vivekAtmaka-zakti bhI saMjJA kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM saMjJA zabda kA prayoga do arthoM meM dekhA jAtA hai -vAsanAtmaka evaM vivekaatmk| jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM kA jo caturvidha vargIkaraNa pAyA jAtA hai, usameM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha-saMjJAeM samAhita haiM, yaha saMjJA kA vAsanAtmaka pakSa hai| isI prakAra, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha -ina cAra kaSAyoM ko uddIpta karane vAlI vRtti ko bhI saMjJA kahA gayA hai, ye bhI mAnavIya vyavahAra ke vAsanAtmaka-pakSa se hI saMbaMdhita haiN| isI krama meM, laukika-pravRttiyAM tathA sukha-duHkha Adi kI abhipreraka-vRttiyA~ bhI saMjJA kahI gaI haiM, sAtha hI, moha, zoka, vicikitsA Adi ko bhI saMjJA meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai| ye sabhI vAsanAtmaka pakSa kI paricAyaka haiN| loka-saMjJA se prANI meM jo loka-paramparA ke andhAnukaraNa kI pravRtti pAI jAtI hai, vaha bhI saMjJA kahI jAtI hai, kintu jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM ke isa vAsanAtmaka-pakSa kI apekSA bhI vivekAtmaka-pakSa ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| saMjJAoM ke SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa meM caudaha saMjJAeM vAsanAtmaka-pakSa ko hI abhiprerita karatI haiM, para ogha aura dharma-saMjJA aisI saMjJAeM haiM, jo 1238 1237 saMjJA naametyucyte| -tattvArthasUtra - 2/24/181/10 bhagavatIvRtti-6/161, uddhRta-bhagavaI, khaMDa-2, AcArya mahAprajJa, jainavizvabhAratI lADanUM, pR. 382 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 557 saMjJA ke vivekAtmaka-pakSa ko prastuta karatI haiN| saMjJA ke donoM pakSoM kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiM, ataH abhI yahA~ vistAra se varNana karanA ucita nhiiN| "saMjJA' zabda kI vyutpatti sam + jJAna se bhI mAnI jAtI hai| yaha prANI meM rahI huI vicAra-vimarza kI sUcaka hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki jaina AcArya umAsvAti 1239 ne tattvArthasUtra meM matijJAna ke jina paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM saMjJA zabda ko matijJAna kA paryAyavAcI mAnA hai| isa prakAra, saMjJA viveka-sAmarthya kI bhI sUcaka hai| aindrikajJAna aura vimarzAtmakajJAna bhI saMjJA ke antargata hI Ate haiM, yahI kAraNa hai ki AcAryoM ne ogha aura dharma ko saMjJA ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra, hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jainadarzana meM saMjJA zabda jIvavRtti aura vivekavRtti-donoM kA hI paricAyaka rahA hai| vaha yaha batAtA hai ki prANI jo bhI vyavahAra karatA hai, usake pIche koI bhI saMjJA avazya rahatI hai| yadyapi vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAtmaka-saMjJAe~ vyavahAra kI preraka rahI haiM, phira bhI vAsanA kI apekSA viveka ko pradhAnatA dene ke uddezya se saMjJA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnI gaI hai| jainadarzana meM ina saMjJAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai, pahalI- udayajanya, jo karma ke udaya se prApta hotI haiM aura dUsarI- kSayopazamajanya, jo karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hotI haiN| udayajanya saMjJAe~ mohanIyakarma ke udaya se hotI haiM, isalie ve saMsAra kA kAraNa bhI hotI haiM, kintu jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se jo saMjJAe~ utpanna hotI haiM, ve prANI ke vivekAtmaka-pakSa para vizeSa bala detI haiN| viveka-AdhArita saMjJAoM ke tIna prakAra mAne gae haiN| 1. hetuvAdopadezikI-saMjJA, 2. dIrghakAlika-saMjJA 3. dRssttivaadopdeshikiisNjnyaa|24 1. hetuvAdopadeMzikI-saMjJA - vaha saMjJA, jisameM vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM hI jJAna, ciMtana aura upayoga ho aura duHkha-mukti kA evaM sukha-prApti kA uddezya ho, use hetuvAdopadezikI-saMjJA kahate haiM, jaise 1239 matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram / - tattvArthasUtra - 2/13 daNDaka prakaraNa, gAthA-33 1240 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva garmI ho, to chAyA meM jAnA, sardI ho, to dhUpa meM jAnA, bhUkha lagane para AhArAdi ke lie pravRtti karanA Adi / 558 2. dIrghakAlika - saMjJA vaha saMjJA, jisameM bhUta, varttamAna evaM bhaviSya - tInoM kAloM kA vicAra - cintana hotA hai, use dIrghakAlika - saMjJA kahate haiN| manobalaprANa vAle samasta jIvoM meM yaha saMjJA pAI jAtI hai| isakA dUsarA nAma saMprasAraNa- saMjJA bhI hai / -- 3. dRSTivAdopadezikI -saMjJA jo jIva samyagdarzana ke. pariNAmasvarUpa AtmA kA hita-ahita socate haiM, aviveka, aniSTa, akaraNIya, abhakSya kA tyAga karake iSTa, karaNIya evaM bhakSya ko svIkAra karate haiM, una jIvoM kI saMjJA dRSTivAdopadezikI - saMjJA hotI hai| paMcendriya garbhaja manuSyoM meM hI ye saMjJAe~ hotI haiN| - isa prakAra, mohanIya-karmaprakRti ke udaya se hone vAlI saMjJAe~, jo udayajanya saMjJA haiM, inakA vargIkaraNa bhI aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| saMjJAoM kA jo caturvidha, dazavidha aura SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa pAyA jAtA hai, unameM caturvidha ke antargata Ane vAlI cAra saMjJAe~ (AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha), saMjJAoM ke dazavidha vargIkaraNa meM nau saMjJAe~ (AhAra Adi cAra tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka) vAsanArUpa aura ogha vivekarUpa saMjJA haiN| isI prakAra, saMjJAoM ke SoDaSavidha vargIkaraNa meM- AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka, sukha, duHkha, moha, zoka, vicikitsA - ye caudaha saMjJAe~ vAsanAtmaka - pakSa kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM / isameM dharma aura ogha vivekAtmaka pakSa kI paricAyaka haiN| ye donoM saMjJAe~ kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM darzanAvaraNa aura jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se hotI haiM / saMkSepa meM, vAsanAtmaka - saMjJAe~ bhavavRddhi kA kAraNa haiM aura vivekAtmaka-saMjJAe~ saMsAra se vimukti kA kAraNa haiN| saMjJAoM ke svarUpa evaM unake vAsanAtmaka evaM vivekAtmaka - pakSa ko lekara jo pramukha carcA hamane pUrva meM kI hai, usakA sAra nimna hai jainadarzana meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha nAmaka jina cAra saMjJAoM kA vivecana milatA hai, ve saMjJAe~ mUlataH vyakti ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva vAsanAtmaka - jIvana kI paricAyaka haiM / ' 1241 manovijJAna kI bhASA meM hama inheM mUlapravRtti bhI kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki inakA AdhAra jaivika hai| 1242 zarIradhArI sabhI prANiyoM meM inakA astitva mAnA gayA hai| jaba ina cAra saMjJAoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - ina cAra saMjJAoM ko jor3a diyA jAtA hai, to ye AThoM hI mUlataH prANI kI jaivika - vRtti kI paricAyaka hI lagatI haiN| isa prakAra, saMjJAoM ke caturvidha aura dazavidha - donoM vargIkaraNoM meM kevala loka aura ogha -saMjJA ko chor3a deM, to zeSa AThoM saMjJAe~ prANI kI jaivika - mUlapravRttiyoM kI hI paricAyaka haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, ina dazavidha saMjJAoM meM lokasaMjJA bhI prANiyoM kI sAmAnya jaivika pravRttiyoM kI hI paricAyaka hai| isa prakAra, saMjJAoM ke dazavidha vargIkaraNa meM nau saMjJAe~ mUlataH prANI ke jaivika aura vAsanAtmaka - pakSa ko hI prastuta karatI haiN| inameM oghasaMjJA bhI sAmAnya vyavahAra kI hI vAcaka hai, kintu oghaniryukti' Adi jaina-granthoM meM 'ogha' zabda kA jo artha diyA gayA hai, usase ise vAsanAtmaka na mAnakara vivekAtmaka bhI mAnanA par3atA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, vyakti kA viveka cAhe kitanI hI prasupta avasthA meM kyoM na ho, viveka kA eka pakSa to avazya hI udghATita rahatA hai, kintu yaha viveka prANI ke sAmAnya vyavahAra se jur3A hai yA AdhyAtmika - vyavahAra se- yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai| jainadarzana meM oghaniryukti meM naitika evaM dhArmika- AcAra ke sAmAnya niyamoM kA ullekha hai, ataH ogha ko vivekapUrNa AcAra ke sAmAnya niyamoM kA vAcaka bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra, jaina-AcAryoM ne oghaniryukti nAmaka graMtha meM ogha ko vAsanAtmaka pakSa se na jor3akara mAtra sadAcArAtmaka vivekapUrNa jIvana se hI jor3A hai| ise AcAra ke niyamoM kI sAmAnya samajha ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai| 1244 isa prakAra, oghasaMjJA ko vAsanA aura viveka - donoM se sambandhita mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1243 jainadarzana meM saMjJAoM kA eka SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa bhI milatA 12415 isameM se sukha-duHkha, moha, zoka aura vicikitsA - ina pAMca saMjJAoM 1241 upAsakAdhyayanasUtra, gAthA - 56-56 1242 vyaktitva kA manovijJAna, aruNakumAra siMha, AzISakumAra siMha, pR. 191 1243 1244 1245 oghaniryukti-2 oghaniyukti-2 1) AcArAMgasUtra- 1/1/2 vivecana meM / 2) prazamarati pariziSTa, bhAga - 2, zrI bhadraguptavijayajI, pR. 284 559 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva ko milA leM, to solaha meM se caudaha saMjJAe~ mUlataH jaivika-mUla-pravRttiyA~ haiM, jo jIvana ke vAsanAtmaka - pakSa kI hI paricAyaka haiM / 560 jJAtavya hai ki saMjJAoM ke isa SoDazavidha vargIkaraNa meM pUrva kI cAra aura dasa saMjJAe~ bhI samAhita ho jAtI haiN| isa prakAra, SoDaza saMjJAoM meM ogha ko aMzataH aura dharma ko pUrNataH prANI ke vivekAtmaka pakSa se jor3A jA sakatA hai, zeSa sabhI caudaha saMjJAe~ prANI ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa se hI saMbaMdhita haiN| I 1246 dharmasaMjJA ko hama kisa artha meM gRhIta kareM, yaha eka vicAraNIya pakSa hai| 'dharma' zabda vastutaH svabhAva kA vAcaka hai, ataH prANI - svabhAva ko bhI dharma kahA jA sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se dharma bhI jaivika mUlavRtti ke rUpa meM sthApita hotA hai, kintu jaina - AcAryoM ne dharma ko kevala prANI - svabhAva ke rUpa meM hI vyAkhyAyita nahIM kiyA, apitu ve use eka vivekAtmaka aura sadAcArAtmaka - pakSa ke rUpa meM bhI pratipAdita karate haiM, isalie dharma-saMjJA prANI ke vivekAtmaka pakSa se saMbaMdhita hai / jainadarzana kI yaha mUlabhUta mAnyatA hai ki jIva kisI bhI avasthA meM ho, usameM jJAna aura darzana - pakSa to aMzataH sadaiva udghATita rahatA hI hai, ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki saMjJAe~ kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM prANI ke vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAtmaka - donoM pakSoM ko abhivyaMjita karatI haiN| jainadarzana meM saMjJA ko vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAtmaka - donoM mAnA gayA hai| saMjJA ke vivekAtmaka pakSa ko spaSTa karate hue AcArAMgasUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prArambha meM kahA gayA hai - prANiyoM ko isa bAta kA jJAna yA viveka hI nahIM hotA hai ki maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~ / AcArAMgabhASya meM AcArya mahAprajJajI ne bhI yahA~ 'saNNA' zabda kA artha saMjJAna yA viveka hI kiyA hai, 1248 kintu jaba saMjJA ( saNNA) kA sambandha AhAra, bhaya, maithuna yA parigraha kI vRtti se jor3A jAtA hai, to use eka jaiva -vRtti yA jIvana ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa ke rUpa meM bhI 1247 1246 1247 1248 vatthu sahAvo dhammo - bhAva saMgraha, gAthA 373 ihamegesi no saNNA bhavai, AcArAMgasUtra - 1/1/1 AcArAMgabhASya, AcArya mahAprajJa, jainavizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM, pR. 16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 561 vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai| usake ye donoM artha jainAgamoM meM pratipAdita saMjJA vivekazIlatA ke rUpa meM - ___ jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM vivecana kiyA hai ki jaina-paramparA meM saMjJA zabda cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka aura vivekAtmaka- donoM pakSoM ke lie prayoga huA hai| AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka, sukha-duHkha, moha, zoka aura vicikitsA -ye sabhI saMjJAeM cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa se saMbaMdhita haiN| lokasaMjJA bhI sAmAnya laukika-pravRttiyoM se jur3I hone se usakA saMbaMdha bhI hamAre jaivika-cetanA ke vAsanAtmakapakSa se hI rahA haA hai| saMjJAoM kI jo carcA jaina paraMparA meM milatI hai, usameM ogha aura dharma -ye do saMjJAeM hI aisI haiM, jinakA saMbaMdha hama cetanA ke vivekAtmakapakSa se jor3a sakate haiN| yadyapi hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai ki yadi hama oghasaMjJA ko sAmAnya pravRtti ke rUpa meM aura dharmasaMjJA ko prANI-svabhAva ke artha meM grahaNa karate haiM, to inakA saMbaMdha bhI cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka-pakSa se hogA, kintu ogha kA artha vivekapUrNa AcaraNa aura dharma kA artha vibhAva se svabhAva meM sthita hone kI prakriyA mAneM, to ina donoM kA saMbaMdha viveka se mAnanA hogaa| yadyapi jainadarzana meM saMjJA ko mUlataH jaivika vAsanAtmaka pahalU ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai, kintu jainadarzana kI yaha bhI mAnyatA rahI hai ki ina jaivika-vAsanAtmaka pravRttiyoM ke Upara niyaMtraNa yA vijaya prApta karane aura apane sahaja cetana svabhAva meM arthAt jJAtAdRSTrAbhAva meM sthita rahane kA sAmarthya manuSya meM hai| jaina-AcArazAstra kI vizeSatA yahI hai ki usane sadaiva vAsanA para viveka kA aMkuza rakhA hai| pratyeka saMjJA ke vivecana meM hamane yaha dikhAyA hai ki una saMjJAoM para vijaya kaise prApta kreN| sAmAnyataH, jo saMjJAe~ jIvana-vyavahAra ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa kI uddIpaka haiM, una para to niyaMtraNa Avazyaka hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki saMjJA arthAt apanI vivekazakti ko krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi cetanA ke vAsanAtmaka-pakSa meM nivezita na For Personal & Private Use Only

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562 1249 kareM / parilakSita hotI hai / jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatatva yahA~ vAsanA para viveka ke aMkuza kI bAta spaSTa rUpa se saMjJA aura saMjJI meM aMtara jainadarzana meM saMjJA ke vAsanAtmaka pakSa ko saMjJA aura vivekAtmaka pakSa ko saMjJI ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM saMjJA aura saMjJI - ye do zabda spaSTa rUpa se prayukta hue haiN| sAmAnyatayA, saMjJI vaha kahA jAtA hai, jisameM vivekAtmaka - mana ho / isI vivake - kSamatA ke AdhAra para jaina - AcAryoM ne saMjJA aura saMjJI meM aMtara kiyA hai / 1250 jaina AcAryoM ne yaha mAnA hai ki saMjJI prANI hI mokSa kA adhikArI hotA hai, jabaki mAtra saMjJA hone para kisI ko mokSa kA adhikAra prApta ho - yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| zvetAmbara - paraMparA meM AhAra - saMjJA ko choDakara zeSa sabhI saMjJAoM kI upasthiti meM mokSa kA abhAva mAnA hai| digaMbaraparamparA to AhAra-saMjJA kI upasthiti meM bhI mokSa kI saMbhAvanA svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| dharma aura oghasaMjJA ko jaba hama vivekAtmaka rUpa se svIkAra karate haiM, taba vaha mokSa kA sAdhana banatI hai, lekina mokSa - avasthA to nizcaya meM saMjJA aura saMjJI se bhinna hai / mokSa - dazA meM na saMjJA rahatI hai aura na saMjJA kA bhAva rahatA hai|' ,1251 1249 - jaina - AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM jahA~ 'saMjJA' zabda sAmAnya jaivikapravRttiyoM kA vAcaka hai, vahIM saMjJI zabda vivekazIla prANiyoM kA hI vAcaka hai| jaina - AcAryoM ne yaha mAnA hai qi jisameM heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA viveka ho, vahI saMjJI kahalAtA hai / ' isa AdhAra para ve yaha mAnate haiM ki 1252 1250 1251 1252 aNAsitA nAma mahAsiyAlA, pagabbhiNo tattha sayAyakovA / khajjati tattha bahukUrakammA, adUrayA saMkaliyAhiM baddhA / / 20 / / sadAjalA nAma nadI bhiduggA, pavijjalA lohavilINatattA / jaMsI bhiduggaMsi pavajjamANA, egAiyA'NukkamaNaM kareMti / / 21 / / eAI phAsAiM phusati bAlaM, niraMtaraM tattha ciraTTitIyaM / Na hammamANassa tu hoti tANaM, ego sayaM paccaNuhoti dukkhaM / / 22 / / tattvArthasUtra -2/25 -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra -2/5/20,21,22 saMjJinaH samanaskAH / prajJApanAsUtra, sUtra 1965-1973 dravyAnuyoga, bhAga-1, muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala' adhyAya-9, pR. 270 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #569
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva saMjJA sAmAnyataH saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM meM pAyI jAtI hai, kintu saMjJI ve hI hote haiM, jo heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kI viveka - kSamatA se yukta hote haiM / 1253 jainadarzana ke anusAra, sAMsArika - prANiyoM meM uccastarIya paMcendriya prANI aura manuSya hI aise haiM, jo saMjJI - pada ke adhikArI haiM / yadyapi nArakoM aura devoM meM saMjJIpanA mAnA gayA hai, ' kintu ve donoM kI bhogabhUmiyA~ haiM / yahA~ ve kevala apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA bhoga karate haiM, unameM tyAga - mArga yA nivRtti - mArga meM Age bar3hane kI kSamatA nahIM hotI / cAhe unameM heya, jJeya yA upAdeya kA viveka ho ( kyoMki naraka meM bhI samyagdRSTi jIva hote haiM), kintu na to unameM heya kA parityAga karane kI aura na upAdeya ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA hotI hai aura vaha apane jaivika - vRttiyoM se bhinna jIvana jI sakate haiN| yadyapi kucha pazu, deva evaM nAraka, saMjJA aura saMjJI - donoM haiM, phira bhI heya kA parityAga aura upAdeya kA grahaNa karane kI zakti na hone ke kAraNa ve usI jIvana meM mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM haiN| isa prakAra, sAmAnya rUpa se hama kaha sakate haiM ki sAmAnyatayA saMjJAe~ prANIya-jIvana ke vAsanAtmaka aura jaivika-pakSa ko prastuta karatI haiM, jabaki saMjJA kA bhAva prANI ke vivekAtmaka pakSa ko prastuta karatA hai / yahA~ hameM yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki jJAnAtmaka viveka - kSamatA aura AcaraNAtmaka-viveka meM aMtara hai| jJAnAtmaka - viveka deva, nAraka aura paMcendriya-tiryaMca meM bhI hotA hai, kintu AcaraNAtmaka viveka kevala manuSya meM hI pAyA jAtA hai, isalie manuSya meM jJAnAtmaka - viveka aura AcaraNAtmaka - vivake- donoM kI hI saMbhAvanA hai| yadyapi jainadarzana meM tiryaMca-paMcendriya ko bhI saMjJI kahA gayA hai, kintu usameM AcaraNAtmaka viveka-kSamatA sImita hotI hai| paramparAgata mAnyatA ke anusAra, ve kevala aMzataH hI zrAvaka - vrata kA pAlana kara sakate haiM / jJAtavya hai ki isa sambandha meM Adhunika 'jaiva-vaijJAnikoM aura jaina - cintakoM meM matabheda haiN| unameM jJAnAtmaka - viveka kI saMbhAvanA hai, kintu AcaraNAtmaka - viveka kI sImita saMbhAvanA hone se ve bhI mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM haiM aura isa dRSTi se ve saMjJI hote hue saMjJAoM para pUrNataH vijaya pAne kI zakti se rahita hote haiM / manuSya hI eka aisA prANI hai, jo saMjJA para apane saMjJIpana ke dvArA pUrNataH vijaya prApta kara mokSa kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| - 1253 563 prajJApanAsUtra, sUtra 1968-1973 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #570
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva isa prakAra, hama kaha sakate haiM ki saMjJA prAyaH prANI ke vAsanAtmaka jaivika-pakSa ko prastuta karatI hai, to saMjJIpanA prANI ke vivekazIla - pakSa ko prastuta karatA hai| saMjJA sabhI jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai, kintu saMjJIpanA mAtra kucha jIvoM meM hI hotA hai aura usameM bhI heya, jJeya aura upAdeya ke viveka ke sAtha heya kA pUrNatayA tyAga aura upAdeya ke grahaNa kI sAmarthya mAtra manuSya meM hI hai| manuSya saMjJAyukta bhI hai aura saMjJI bhI hai| vaha apane saMjJIpana ke dvArA saMjJAoM para vijaya prApta karane kI sAmarthya rakhatA haiyahI usakI vizeSatA hai| 564 paMcendriya jIvoM meM ye saMjJAeM spaSTataH anubhUta hotI haiM aura ekendriya Adi jIvoM meM avyakta rUpa se hotI haiM / prastuta zodhaprabandha ke prathama adhyayana meM saMjJAoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isa zodhaprabandha kA dvitIya adhyAya AhArasaMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| kSudhA - vedanIyakarma ke udaya se AhAra ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane kI abhilASA AhArasaMjJA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM isakI utpatti ke nimna cAra kAraNa batAe haiM 1. peTa ke khAlI hone se, arthAt zArIrika saMracanA ke kAraNa AhAra kI AMkAkSA hone para, 2. kSudhAvedanIya - karma ke udaya se, 3. AhAra sambandhI carcA se, 4. AhAra kA cintana karane se / yadyapi bhAratIya-saMskRti dharma aura adhyAtma - pradhAna hai, kintu dharma aura adhyAtma kI sAdhanA deha Azrita hai / bhAratIya manISiyoM ne yaha mAnA hai ki dharma-sAdhanA ke lie zarIra Avazyaka hai| binA zarIra ke sAdhanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kintu yaha zarIra AhAra - Azrita hai| AhAra ke binA zarIra nahIM cala sakatA, ataH zarIra ke rakSaNa aura poSaNa ke nimitta AhAra ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, kintu bhAratIya - ciMtakoM kA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki jIvana ke lie bhojana aparihArya hote hue bhI svastha evaM saMyamI jIvana ke lie AhAra kA viveka Avazyaka hai| jaba taka jIvana hai, taba taka AhAra kI AkAMkSA bhI rahI huI hai, kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki jo bhI cAhA, yA jaba bhI cAhA, khA liyA jaae| usake lie AhAra kA viveka bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 565 Avazyaka hai, kyoMki binA AhAra-viveka ke svAsthya aura sAdhanA- donoM saMbhava nahIM haiN| prastuta dvitIya adhyAya meM hamane AhAra kI anivAryatA ko svIkAra karate hue yaha nirdhArita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki manuSya meM AhAra kA viveka kisa rUpa meM ho| AhArasaMjJA manuSya meM baiThI huI pAzavika-pravRtti kI paricAyaka hai, to AhAra-viveka usa pAzavika-pravRtti ko mAnavIya-guNa pradAna karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki hamane dvitIya adhyAya meM jahA~ eka ora AhAra-saMjJA ke svarUpa, usakI upasthiti aura anivAryatA kI carcA kI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora, AhAra ke viveka kI carcA bhI kI aura batAyA hai ki jaina-paramparA ke anusAra manuSya ko kyA, kaba aura kitanA khAnA cAhie, kyoMki AhAra ke viveka ke abhAva meM svayaM vyakti kA svAsthya bhI khatare meM par3a jaaegaa| vartamAna yuga meM manuSya apane svAsthya ke prati sajaga huA hai, ataH AhAra-saMjJA kA tathyAtmaka aura mUlyAtmaka-vivecana kiyA jAnA cAhie- yaha yuga kI mAMga hai| prastuta zodhaprabaMdha meM hamane isI dizA meM prayatna kiyA hai| isa zodhaprabaMdha kA tRtIya adhyAya bhaya-saMjJA se sambandhita hai| mohanIya-karma ke udaya se utpanna hone vAlA Avega bhaya hai, udvegoM ke mUla meM bhaya kI sattA rahI huI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra, bhaya kI utpatti ke cAra kAraNa nimna haiM - 1. sattvahInatA se, 2. bhayamohanIya karma ke udaya se, 3. bhayotpAdaka vacanoM ko sunakara, ... 4. bhaya sambandhI ghaTanAoM ke cintana se| yadyapi bhaya-saMjJA eka manobhAva hai, kintu usake kAraNa Aja sampUrNa vizva saMkaTapUrNa sthiti se gujara rahA hai| vartamAna sthiti ko dekheM, to bhaya-saMjJA yA aMdhavizvAsa eka vikaTa rUpa liye hue hai| vizva kA pratyeka deza jitanA prayAsa evaM arthavyaya mAnava-kalyANa ke lie nahIM karatA hai, utanA vaha surakSA ke lie karatA hai, kyoMki use anya zaktizAlI dezoM ke AkramaNa kA bhaya satata banA rahatA hai| Aja pArasparika-avizvAsa ke kAraNa astra-zastroM kI aMdhI daur3a ne mAnava ko bhayabhIta banA diyA hai| vartamAna yuga meM ve mAnavIya-kalyANa kI bAta chor3akara surakSA ko For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #572
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva prAthamikatA dete haiN| isI saMdarbha meM jainadarzana meM saptavidha bhaya kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha milatA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se usakA adhyayanaM Avazyaka hai| jainadarzana bhaya ke sthAna para abhaya (ahiMsA) kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa ko pramukhatA detA hai / prANImAtra bhaya se kaise mukta ho, vizva meM zAnti kaise sthApita ho evaM mAnava jAti kA kalyANa kaise ho - ina bAtoM kA tathyAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAnA cAhie / prastuta zodhaprabaMdha meM hamArA yahI uddezya rahA hai ki mAnavatA ko hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa prANI - jagat ko bhaya se kaise mukta kiyA jAe / 566 isa zodhaprabaMdha kA caturtha adhyAya maithuna - saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai | cAritramohanIya karma ke udaya ke kAraNa kAmavAsanAjanya Avega maithuna -saMjJA kahalAtI hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM maithuna - saMjJA ke cAra kAraNa batAe haiM. 1. nAmakarmajanya daihika - saMracanA ke kAraNa, 2. mohanIya karma ke udaya se, 3. kAmasambandhI carcA karane se, 4. vAsanAtmaka - cintana karane se / strI-puruSa kI kAmecchA ko maithuna - saMjJA kahate haiN| jainadarzana meM aMtaraMga kAmecchA ke samAna hI bahiraMga maithuna - pravRtti ko bhI karmabandha kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH, maithuna - saMjJA manuSya kI pAzavika pravRtti kI paricAyaka hai| isa para vijaya pAne hetu jainadarzana meM brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ko mukti kA sopAna batAyA gayA hai| yaha bAta ThIka hai ki maithuna - saMjJA ke binA saMsAra nahIM cala sakatA, isIlie ise pUrI taraha se nakArA nahIM jA sakatA, parantu isa sambandha meM bhI viveka atiAvazyaka hai| yadi kAmavAsanAoM para viveka kI lagAma na lagAI jAe, to sampUrNa samAja-vyavasthA khatare meM par3a sakatI hai| prastuta caturtha adhyAya meM hamane kAmavAsanA sambandhI vikAroM ko viveka kI tarAjU meM taulane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, sAtha hI kAmavAsanA ke jaya kI prakriyA aura brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ke mahattva ko bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai tathA yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki kAmavAsanA kA nirasana kaise saMbhava hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #573
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 567 zodhaprabaMdha kA paMcama adhyAya parigraha-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| lobha-mohanIya-karma ke udaya se sacitta va acitta-dravya kA saMcaya karane kI vRtti parigraha-saMjJA hai| prANI kI saMcayAtmaka-vRtti ke kAraNa isakI utpatti ke cAra prakAra batAe haiM - 1. saMcaya-karane kI vRtti se, 2. lobha-mohanIya karma ke udaya se, 3. artha sambandhI kathA sunane se, 4. parigraha sambandhI vicAra karane se| tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'mUrchA, parigrahaH / vastutaH, saMcaya meM gAr3ha Asakti parigraha saMjJA hai| parigraha do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai - 1. bAhya 2. aabhyntr| prastuta zodha meM parigraha ke svarUpa evaM lakSaNa kI carcA to kI hI gaI hai, sAtha hI saMcaya-vRtti se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM ko bhI darzAyA gayA hai| samAja meM saMcaya-vRtti ko lekara jo ApA-dhApI yA arAjakatA phailI huI hai, usakA nirAkaraNa kaise sambhava hai- yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, mahAtmA gAMdhI kA TrasTIzipa kA siddhAnta kitanA sArthaka ho sakatA hai aura mAnava jIvana meM mamatvavRtti kA tyAga evaM samatvavRtti kA vikAsa kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai, isa dizA meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| zodha-prabandha kA SaSTha adhyAya krodha-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| krodha saMjJA-mAnasika-manovikAra to hai hI, kintu uttejaka Avega bhI hai, jisake uttejita hote hI vyakti bhAvAviSTa ho jAtA hai| usakI vicAra-kSamatA aura tarkazakti lagabhaga zithila ho jAtI hai| prastuta adhyAya meM krodha ke svarUpa, lakSaNa, kAraNa aura usake vibhinna rUpoM ke bAre meM carcA to kI hI gaI hai, sAtha hI krodha-saMjJA se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM ko bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM krodha saMvega aura AkrAmakatA kI mUlavRttiyoM para prakAza DAlate hue krodha-saMjJA para vijaya kaise prApta kI jAe evaM jIvana meM mAnasika-zAMti kisa prakAra sthApita kI jAe, isakI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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568 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zodhaprabaMdha kA saptama adhyAya mAna-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| svayaM ko ucca evaM dUsaroM ko nimna samajhanA yA ahaMkAra kI manovRtti mAnasaMjJA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- "abhimAnI aham meM cUra hokara dUsaroM ko parachAI ke samAna tuccha mAnatA hai|" mAnasaMjJA vinayabhAva aura maitrIbhAva kA hanana karane vAlI hai| ahaMkAra dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa-puruSArtha kA ghAtaka hai evaM vivekarUpI cakSu ko naSTa karane vAlA hai| isa prakAra, prastuta zodhaprabaMndha ke saptama adhyAya meM mAnasaMjJA kA svarUpa, usake bheda evaM usake duSpariNAmoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, sAtha hI, mAnasaMjJA yA ahaMkAravRtti para vijaya kisa prakAra se prApta kI jAe- yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zodhaprabaMdha kA aSTama adhyAya mAyA-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| mAyAsaMjJA se tAtparya kapaTavRtti se hai| mukhyataH, hRdaya kI vakratA kA nAma 'mAyA' hai| jaise baMjara bhUmi meM boyA bIja niSphala jAtA hai, malina cAdara para car3hAyA kesariyA raMga vyartha ho jAtA hai, namaka lage bartana meM dUdha vikRta ho jAtA hai; ThIka vaise hI mAyAvI kA kiyA gayA dharma-kArya bhI saphala nahIM ho pAtA hai| prastuta zodhaprabandha ke aSTama adhyAya meM mAyA-saMjJA arthAt kapaTavRtti kA svarUpa, bheda evaM usake duSpariNAmoM para carcA kI gaI hai, sAtha hI, mAyA saMjJA yA kapaTavRtti para vijaya kisa prakAra se prApta kI jAe- yaha bhI batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zodhaprabaMdha kA navama adhyAya lobha-saMjJA ke vivecana se sambandhita hai| mohanIya-karma ke udaya se citta meM utpanna hone vAlI tRSNA yA lAlasA lobha kahalAtI hai| lobha eka aisI manovRtti hai, jisake vazIbhUta hokara vyakti pApoM ke daladala meM paira rakhane ke lie bhI taiyAra ho jAtA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM lobha-pravRtti ko amiSAvarta kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mAMsa ke lie giddha Adi pakSI cakkara kATate haiM, usI prakAra lobhI manuSya iSTa padArthoM kI prApti ke lie udyamazIla rahatA hai| prastuta zodhaprabaMdha ke navama adhyAya meM lobhasaMjJA se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM ko bhI batalAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, lobhavRtti para vijaya ke kyA upAya ho sakate haiMyaha bhI khojane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa zodhaprabaMdha kA dazama adhyAya lokasaMjJA evaM oghasaMjJA se sambandhita hai| loka-vyavahAra se cetanA kA prabhAvita honA lokasaMjJA hai, yA aisI icchA karanA, jaise-saMsAra meM merI pUchaparakha ho, merI pratiSThA meM vRddhi For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva 569 ho aura bhautika-sukhoM kI prApti ho Adi kI abhilASA lokasaMjJA hai| upaniSadoM meM evaM jaina-grantha AcArAMga, isibhAsiyAiM Adi meM lokeSaNA kA ullekha huA hai| hamArI dRSTi meM lokeSaNA kA tAtparya laukika upalabdhiyoM kI AkAMkSA se hai| isake sAtha hI, prastuta zodhaprabandha meM lokasaMjJA kI prAsaMgikatA para vicAra karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, lokasaMjJA ke duSpariNAmoM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isI adhyAya meM lokasaMjJA ke sAtha-sAtha ogha saMjJA kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| prANImAtra meM rahane vAlI sAmAnya anukaraNa kI vRtti yA sAmudAyikatA kI vRtti oghasaMjJA hai| jo vRtti sampUrNa jAti, varga Adi meM samAna rUpa se pAI jAtI hai, vaha vRtti oghasaMjJA hai| jainAcAryoM ne janasAdhAraNa kI vRtti ke anusAra AcaraNa karane ko, athavA loka-pracalita vyavahAra kA samarthana karane ko oghasaMjJA kahA hai| prastuta zodhaprabandha ke isa dasaveM adhyAya meM oghasaMjJA ke artha ko vistArapUrvaka samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| samAja evaM janasAmAnya ke hita ko dhyAna meM rakhakara lokasaMjJA aura oghasaMjJA para kaise vijaya prApta kI jAe- yaha batAne kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa zodhaprabaMdha kA gyArahavAM adhyAya sukhasaMjJA aura duHkhasaMjJA se sambandhita hai| sAtAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se hone vAlI sukhada anubhUti sukhasaMjJA hai aura asAtAvedanIya-karma ke udaya se hone vAlI du:khada anubhUti duHkhasaMjJA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki sukha sadaiva anukUla isalie hotA hai ki usakA jIvana-zakti ko banAe rakhane kI dRSTi se mUlya hai aura duHkha isalie pratikUla hotA hai ki yaha jIvanazakti kA hRAsa karatA hai| yahI sukha-duHkha kA niyama samasta vyavahAra kA cAlaka hai| jaina-dArzanika bhI prANIya-vyavahAra ke cAlaka ke rUpa meM isI sukha-dukha ke niyama ko svIkAra karate haiN| anukUla ke prati AkarSaNa aura pratikUla ke prati vikarSaNa- yaha prANIya-svabhAva hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -"sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha priya hai, anukUla hai aura duHkha apriya hai, pratikUla hai| sabhI prANI sukha prApta karanA cAhate haiM aura duHkha se bacanA cAhate haiN| prastuta zodhaprabandha ke gyArahaveM adhyAya meM sukha aura duHkha-saMjJAoM kA artha tathA unakI sApekSatA ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, sukha vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM aura duHkha vyavahAra ke nivartaka ke rUpa meM kisa prakAra kArya karate haiM- isa bAta kA bhI ullekha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, sukhavAda kI avadhAraNA evaM bhautika-sukha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #576
570 jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva aura Atmika-Ananda meM kyA antara hai, isako bhI samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa zodhaprabaMdha kA bArahavA~ adhyAya dharma-saMjJA se sambandhita hai| AtmA kI karmakSaya ke nimitta se hone vAlI svabhAva-pariNati dharmasaMjJA hai| jainadarzana meM sva-svabhAva meM avasthiti aura parapariNati se nivRtti ko hI dharma-saMjJA kahA gayA hai| prastuta zodhaprabaMdha meM dharma ke vibhinna kArya usakI paribhASAe~ evaM dharmasaMjJA kA samyaka svarUpa kyA hai- yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI, dharma kI jIvana meM kyA upAdeyatA hai, isa bAta ko samajhAne kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| dharmasaMjJA hI mokSa kA sopAna kisa rUpa meM hai, use bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha ke terahaveM adhyAya meM hamane mohasaMjJA, zokasaMjJA aura vicikitsAsaMjJA kI carcA kI hai| yahA~ moha kA artha sAMsArika-padArtha ke prati mamatva kI vRtti hai, moha 'para' meM 'sva' kA AropaNa hai aura isalie vaha mokSa meM bAdhaka hai| prastuta adhyAya meM mohasaMjJA kI vivecanA karate hue yaha bhI batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki moha para vijaya kaise prApta kI jaae| isI prakAra, isa adhyAya meM zokasaMjJA kI bhI carcA kI gaI aura use ArttadhyAna kA hI rUpa batAyA gayA hai| isa zoka ke sAtha yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki isake kyA duSpariNAma hote haiM aura usa para vijaya kaise prApta kI jA sakatI hai? isa prakAra, isa adhyAya meM vicikitsA saMjJA arthAta ghRNA kI vRtti kI carcA kI gaI hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki yaha vRtti kisake prati Avazyaka hai aura kisake prati anAvazyaka hai| mukhya rUpa se hamArA pratipAdya yaha hai ki jahA~ se rAga kA janma hotA hai, vahA~ jugupsA sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai aura jahA~ dveSa kA janma hotA hai, vahA~ jugupsA anAvazyaka hai| vastutaH, jugupsA kI vRtti hameM rAga aura dveSa se mukti dilAtI hai aura isa prakAra vaha hamAre AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sahAyaka banatI hai| isa zodhaprabandha kA caudahavAM adhyAya jainadharma meM saMjJAoM kI avadhAraNA kA bauddhadharma meM caitasikoM kI avadhAraNA se tulanA se sambandhita hai| isameM bauddhadarzana ke bAvana caittasikoM ke svarUpa Adi ko spaSTa karake . unakI jainadarzana kI saMjJAoM ke sAtha tulanA kI gaI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva zodhaprabandha ke paMdrahaveM adhyAya meM jainadarzana kI saMjJA kI avadhAraNA aura manovaijJAnika maikaDyUgala kI mUlavRtti kI avadhAraNA kA tulanAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura unameM rahI huI samAnatA aura bhinnatA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| zodhaprabandha kA antima solahavAM adhyAya upasaMhAra - rUpa hai| isameM saMjJA aura saMjJI meM antara saMjJA vivekazIlatA Faculty of Reasoning} kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI adhyAyoM ke sAratattva kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai 1 vastutaH, hamArI cetanA para dharmasaMjJA ko chor3akara saMjJAoM kA jo Adhipatya hai, use kaise tor3e ? citta ko vAsanAmukta kaise kareM tathA saMjJAoM ke saMskAroM ko kaise miTAe~ Aja yaha sAdhanA ke kSetra kA bhI jvalaMta prazna hai, isa prazna ke nirAkaraNa ke samyak upAya kI khoja hI prastuta zodha-prabandha kA mukhya lakSya rahA hai| 571 Ayurveda kA siddhAnta hai ki bImArI eka hotI hai, parantu bheda ke kAraNa usake aneka rUpa ho jAte haiM, jaise darda darda hai, para sthAnabheda ke kAraNa sira kA darda, ghuTane kA darda, chAtI kA darda, kaMdhe kA darda, gardana kA darda Adi usake aneka rUpa ho jAte haiM, isI prakAra, saMjJA mUlataH daihika evaM caitasika-paryAyarUpa eka hI hai, mAtra svarUpa - bheda ke AdhAra para usake aneka prakAra ho jAte haiM / AhAra ke prati jo icchA aura tadjanya jo Asakti hotI hai, vaha AhArasaMjJA kahalAtI hai / cetanA meM jaba bhaya kA saMvega utpanna hotA hai aura tadajanya jo daihika - pratikriyAeM hotI haiM, ve bhaya - saMjJA kahalAtI haiM tathA parigraha yA. saMcayana ke prati jo Asakti yA mUrcchA kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai, vaha parigrahasaMjJA kahalAtA hai / vaise dekhA jAe, to saMjJA 'para' ke prati rAgAtmaka bhAva hI hai, parantu usakI jina-jina daihika - pratikriyAoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakti hotI hai, ve bhinna-bhinna saMjJAoM kA rUpa le letI haiN| cetanA kisI samaya kisI eka kisI eka viSaya para virala hotI hai| devatAoM meM parigraha - saMjJA, tiryaMca meM maithuna - saMjJA prabala hotI hai| yaha vibhAjana viSaya para saghana hotI hai aura nArakIya jIvoM meM bhaya - saMjJA, AhAra - saMjJA aura manuSya meM pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se kiyA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #578
jainadarzana meM vyavahAra ke prerakatattva jAtA hai| vaise to sabhI prANIya-jIvoM meM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha - saMjJAe~ hotI hI haiM, kintu sabakA eka samaya meM prabala honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, kintu dharma- saMjJA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI saMjJAoM meM rAga - bhAva yA caitasika - Asakti hI pradhAna hotI hai, ataH vaha rAga-bhAva, tRSNA yA Asakti kaise chUTe - yaha saMjJA - mukti kA upAya hai| 572 prastuta zodhaprabaMdha kA sAra yahI batalAnA hai ki saMjJAoM ko jAneM, pahacAneM aura una para vijaya prApta karane kA prayAsa kreN| yaha asaMbhava nahIM hai ki hama saMjJAoM se mukta na hoN| AdamI kA vyaktitva parivartanazIla hai, vaha cetanA ke stara para saMjJAoM ke AvaraNa ko tor3a sakatA hai, arthAt isa prakAra anAsakta, vItatRSNA yA vItarAga jIvana - dRSTi kA vikAsa kara apanI cetanA meM vivekazIlatA kA vikAsa kara sakatA hai| yadi yaha sambhava nahIM hotA hai, to sAdhanA kI bAta hI vyartha ho jAegI, dharma - sAdhanA kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAegA tathA hamAre puruSArtha kI bhI koI sArthakatA nahIM hogii| jaina-dharmadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai - 'pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatI hai|' paramAtmapada kI yaha prApti tRSNA, rAga-dveSa evaM moha para vijaya, arthAt saMjJAoM para vijaya prApti ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| AtmA paramAtmA bane, hamArI cetanA nirAkula ho sake- yaha batAnA hI isa zodhaprabandha kI upAdeyatA hai / -000 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pa.pU. hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. For Personal & Private Use Only ,

Page #580
dIkSA paricaya ke parimala meM... janma nAma : sArikA (DaoNlI) bhANDAvata janma 29 jUna 1976, mahidapura (ma.pra.) mAtAjI zrImatI kiraNa bAlA pitAjI zrIyuta abhayakumArajI bhANDAvata mAgha vadI 5, 30 janavarI 2005, zaMkhezvara tIrtha (gujarAta) dIkSA dAtA guru : pa.pU. zAsana prabhAvaka vyAkhyAna vAcaspati zrI jayAnaMda muni jI ma.sA. guruvaryA pa.pU. suprasiddha vyAkhyAtrI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. dIkSA nAma : sAdhvI pramuditA zrI jI adhyayana ema.e. (aMgrejI sAhitya) ema.e. (darzana zAstra) pI.eca.DI. viSaya - 'jaina darzana meM saMjJA kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (rAja.) nyAya, vyAkaraNa, SaDadarzana, AgamoM kA adhyyn| bhASA prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, aMgrejI, gujarAtI bhASA kA jnyaan| parivAra se dIkSita : pa.pU. mahAna AtmasAdhikA guruvaryA zrI anubhava zrI jI ma.sA. pa.pU. vicAra zrI jI ma.sA. evaM pa.pU. sudIrgha saMyamI vinodazrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU. suprasiddha vyAkhyAtrI guruvaryA zrI hemaprabhA zrI jI ma.sA. pa.pU. dIrghatapasvI zrI jayaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. (dAdI ma.sA.) pa.pU. saralamanA zrI mRdulA zrI jI ma.sA. pa.pU. prajJAsaMpannA zrI vinItaprajJA zrI jI ma.sA. vicaraNa kSetra : rAjasthAna, gujarAta, madhyapradeza For Personal & Priva Printed al Akrati Offset, UJJAIN Ph. 0734-2561720