Vasudevhindi Bharatiya Jivan Aur Sanskruti Ki Bruhat Katha

Author(s): Shreeranjan Suridevi
Publisher: Prakrit Jainshastra aur Ahimsa Shodh Samsthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/022622/1

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva prAkRta-jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha-saMsthAna vaizAlI

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DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva dvArA praNIta 'vasudevahiNDI bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA' uccastarIya zodhakArya hai| lekhaka ne 'vasudevahiNDI' grantha kA samyak vivecana kara usake mahattva para vizada prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne sambaddha mUla srotoM kA adhyayana kara bhAratIya saMskRti ke vividha pakSoM ke udghATana kA stutya kArya sampanna kiyA hai| : kRSNadatta vAjapeyI sevAnivRtta Taigora prophesara tathA adhyakSa, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti tathA purAtattva-vibhAga sAgara-vizvavidyAlaya (madhyapradeza) DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva prAkRta jaina vAGmaya ke eka adhikArI adhyetA evaM vidvAna haiN| unakA grantha 'vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA' eka sundara zodha-viSayaka grantha hai| isake prakAzana se jaina vAGmaya samRddha huA hai| DaoN. rAmajI siMha pUrva-kulapati jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanU~ (rAjasthAna)

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prAkRta- jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna granthamAlA- saMkhyA 37 sampAdana- pramukha DaoN. yugalakizora mizra nidezaka vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva ema. e. (prAkRta- jainazAstra, saMskRta evaM hindI), svarNapadaka prApta pI-ec. DI. sAhitya- Ayurveda-purANa- pAli- jainadarzanAcArya, vyAkaraNatIrtha, sAhityaratna, sAhityAlaMkAra pUrva - vyAkhyAtA: prAkRta, prAkRta- zodha-saMsthAna, vaizAlI; pUrva-upanidezaka (zodha) evaM sampAdaka : 'pariSad-patrikA', bihAra- rASTra bhASA-pariSad, paTanA prAkRta- jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI bAsokuNDa, mujaphpharapura (bihAra) san 1993 I0

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sarvAdhikAra prakAzakAdhIna prathama saMskaraNa : san 1993 I. mUlya : ru. 250.00 prAkRta-jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha-saMsthAna,vaizAlI,bAsokuNDa,mujaphpharapura (bihAra) kI ora se isake nidezaka DaoN.yugalakizora mizra dvArA prakAzita evaM tArA priNTiMga varksa,vArANasI dvArA mudrita

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mahanIyAspada paM. mathurAprasAda dIkSita (gurujI) kI puNyasmRti ko jo prAkRta ke rasalipsu tathA hindI-saudha kI gaharI nIMva kI sudRr3ha zilA the aura jinhoMne mujhe prAkRta-sAhitya ke adhyayana kI preraNA dii| -zrIraMjana sUrideva

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445 The Government of Bihar established the Research Institute of Prakrit Jainology and Ahimsa, Vaishali in 1955 with the object, interalia, to promote advanced studies and research in Prakrit and Jainology and to publish works of permanent value to scholars. This institute is one of the six research institutes being run by the Government of Bihar. The five others are (i) Mithila Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Sanskrit Learning at Darbhanga; (ii) Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute for Research in Ancient, Medieval and Modern Indian History at Patna; (iii) Bihar Rastrabhasa Parisad for Research and Advanced Studies in Hindi at Patna; (iv) Nava Nalanda Mahavihar for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Buddhist Learning and Pali at Nalanda and (v) Institute of Post-graduate Studies and Research in Arabic and Persian Learning at Patna. As part of this programme of rehabilitating and reorienting ancient learning and scholarship, this is the Research Volume No. 37 which is the Ph. D. thesis of Shreeranjan Soorideva approved by the University of Bihar. The Government of Bihar hope to continue to sponsor such projects and trust that this humble service to the world of scholarship would bear fruit in the fullness of time. .

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sampAdakIya vaktavya DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva ke zodha-grantha 'vasudevahiNDI: bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA' ko saMsthAna ke gauravazAlI prakAzanoM meM sammilita kara ise sudhI pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue hameM vyaktigata harSa evaM gaurava kA anubhava ho rahA hai / DaoN. sUrideva hindI, saMskRta tathA prAkRta-jainazAstra ke samAna rUpa se adhikArI evaM labdhapratiSTha vidvAn haiM tathA ina viSayoM meM lekhana-sampAdana kA inheM gambhIra evaM vistRta anubhava prApta hai| inakA prastuta zodha-adhyayana prAkRta-kathAsAhitya ke zodhakoM kI gaveSaNA-dRSTi se abataka prAyaH ojhala aura alpajJAta anamola nidhi ko sAMgopAMga udghATita karane kA eka zlAghanIya evaM sArthaka satprayAsa hai| AcArya saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ArSa prAkRta-bhASA meM nibaddha 'vasudevahiNDI' kA prAcya kathA-sAhitya meM viziSTa sthAna hai / yaha guNAnya dvArA paizAcI meM nibaddha 'bRhatkathA' kA jaina rUpAntara hai, jo budhasvAmI kRta 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', somadeva kRta 'kathAsaritsAgara' tathA kSemendra kRta 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI ke sAtha samAnAntara adhyayana se guNADhya ke mUlakathA ke nikaTatama pramANita hotA hai| bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya meM dRSTAntoM kA prayoga bahulatA se huA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI isa dRSTAnta-zailI kA hRdayAvarjaka prayoga milatA hai / isa sandarbha kI granthakAra dvArA kI gaI gambhIra gaveSaNA vizvasanIya hone ke sAtha hI atizaya rocaka evaM vismayakArI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kRSNakathA, rAmakathA tathA anya paurANika kathAe~ prasaMgavaza AI haiN| zodhazramI lekhaka ne prastuta grantha meM jaina aura brAhmaNa purANa-kathAoM kA tulanAtmaka mUlyAMkana bahuta saTIka DhaMga se kiyA hai| isake atirikta sRSTi-prakriyA, vedotpatti, gaNikA-utpatti Adi prasaMgoM kA zodhAnuzIlana aura mUlyAMkana prastuta grantha kA ullekhanIya vaiziSTya nirUpita karatA hai / bhAratIya pAramparika vidyAe~ aura kalAe~ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prAyogika rUpa se varNita huI haiM / ina prayogoM ke AdhAra para jyotiSa, Ayurveda, dhanurveda, vAstuzAstra, kAmazAstra evaM lalita kalAoM ke sambandha meM prApta bahumUlya sAmagrI kA bhI zodhagarbha adhyayana granthakAra ne bar3e hI vaiduSyapUrNa evaM prAmANika DhaMga se upanyasta kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' vastutaH bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kA mahAkoSa hai| isameM lokajIvana kI suramya jhA~kiyA~ dRSTigata hotI haiM / aneka nagaroM, janapadoM, dezoM, pahAr3oM aura nadiyoM kA apUrva bhaugolika citraNa isameM milatA hai / tatkAlIna dhArmika sthiti ko rekhAMkita karanevAle AcAroM aura dArzanika matoM kI bhI carcA yahA~ upasthApita hai| usa yuga kI rAjanItika paristhitiyoM, rAja-parivAra kI jIvana-paddhatiyoM evaM artha-vyavasthA kA bhI vyApaka vivecana isa grantha meM sulabha huA hai| zodhamanISI lekhaka ne apane isa grantha meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke vividha AyAmoM kA puMkhAnupuMkha vizada vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / kRtavidya lekhaka dvArA sampanna vasudevahiNDI' ke bhASika vaibhava evaM sAhityika saundarya kA pANDityapUrNa parizIlana bhI advitIya hai / nissandeha, yaha kahanA atyukti nahIM ki prastuta zodha-mahArgha grantha meM pahalI bAra upasthApita 'vasudevahiNDI' kA mahanIya zodhAlocana prAkRta-bhASA aura sAhitya ke zodha-jagat meM sarvottama sthAna Ayatta karatA hai| isa zodhagrantha ke kalAvareNya mudraNa, prastavana aura pariveSaNa ke lie tArA priNTiMga varksa ke adhisvAmI raviprakAza paNDyA saMsthAna kI ora se hArdika dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| bAsokuNDa, mujaphpharapura yugalakizora mizra 31 disambara, 1993 I. sampAdana-pramukha

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prAstAvikI AcArya saMghadAsagaNI (anumAnataH IsA kI tRtIya- caturtha zatI) dvArA prAcIna yA ArSa prAkRta-bhASA meM nibaddha 'vasudevahiNDI' kA prAcya kathA-sAhitya meM viziSTa sthAna hai| prAcyavidyA ke pAMkteya manISiyoM kI avadhAraNA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' guNADhya kI paizAcI - nibaddha nAmazeSa 'bRhatkathA' kA jaina rUpAntara hai, jo brAhmaNa- paramparA meM prApta rUpAntaroM kI apekSA mUla 'bRhatkathA' ke adhika nikaTa hai / brAhmaNa-paramparA ke rUpAntara----bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' tathA 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke sAtha 'vasudevahiNDI' kA samekita adhyayana karane para mUla bRhatkathA kI rUparekhA, yAnI kathAvastu aura saMracanA-zilpavidhi kucha aura adhika spaSTa hokara sAmane AtI hai / bhAratIya kaMthA-sAhitya meM dRSTAntoM kA prayoga - bAhulya upalabdha hotA hai / tatkAlIna kathAkAroM ne apanI racanA-prakriyA meM dRSTAntoM ko kathA - vikAsa ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM vinivezita kiyA hai / isa dRSTAnta-zailI kA prayoga - prAcurya' vasudevahiNDI' ke saMracanA - zilpa meM bhI bhUrizaH dRSTigata hotA hai / prAcIna kathAkAroM kA dRSTAnta ke prati Agraha kA mUlya isalie adhika hai ki isase kathA meM ekarasatA nahIM AtI aura kathA kI rocakatA tato'dhika bar3ha jAtI hai / kahanA na hogA ki dRSTAnta apane-ApameM prAyaH rocaka aura prasAdaka hote haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTa hai ki ina dRSTAntoM kA AyAta-niryAta -eka paramparA se dUsarI paramparA meM sahaja rUpa se huA hai / 1 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kRSNakathA, rAmakathA tathA anyAnya paurANika kathAe~ prasaMgavazAt AI haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne yathAsvIkRta paurANika kathAoM ko zramaNa- paramparA kI dRSTi se punarmUlyAMkita kiyA hai, yA unakA punarvyAkhyAna upasthApita kiyA hai / inake atirikta jaina paramparA kI rUDha kathAe~, jaise sRSTi-prakriyA, vedotpatti, gaNikotpatti, dhanurvedotpatti, harivaMzotpatti, viSNugItotpatti, koTizilotpatti, aSTApadatIrthotpatti Adi bhI isa kathAgrantha meM prasaMgAnusAra vinyasta haiM / ina kathAoM ke samIkSaNa aura tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha tathya udbhAvita hotA hai ki brAhmaNa aura zramaNa paramparA kI paurANika kathAe~ bahiraMga varNana kI vicitratA aura viSamatA ke bAvajUda antaraMga dRSTi se samasvara haiM / bhAratIya pAramparika vidyAe~ aura kalAe~ 'vasudevahiNDI' ke racayitAkA upajIvya rahI haiM / pAtroM evaM prasaMgoM ke upasthApana kI pariveza-bhUmi vibhinna vidyAoM aura kalAoM kI camatkAritA se paripUrNa hai / phalataH, isa mahatkathA meM vidyAoM aura kalAoM ke saiddhAntika vivaraNa ke sAtha hI unake prayogAtmaka rUpa bhI bahudhA prApta hote haiM / prAcIna vidyAoM ke prayoga - vistAra ke krama meM jyotiSa, Ayurveda, dhanurveda, vAstuzAstra, kAmazAstra evaM ramaNIya lalitakalAoM kA vipula varNana upanyasta huA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM lokajIvana yA sAmAnya sAMskRtika jIvana kA bahuvarNI jhA~kiyA~ milatI haiN| utsava-tyohAra, sAmAjika saMskAra, vANijya-vyApAra ke nimitta lambI sAhasika samudrayAtrA Adi ke varNana kathAsUtra meM paga-paga para piroye hue haiN| inameM adhikAMza varNana rUDha yA pAramparika haiM aura 'vasudevahiNDI' jaisI mahatkathA meM, jisameM vArtApaTu kathAkAra bahudhA pAThakoM ko yathArtha se dUra svapna-jagat mele jAte haiM, aneka sthala avazya hI kalpanAprasUta haiN| phira bhI, itihAsa aura kalpanA kA adbhuta mizraNa upasthita karanevAlI isa vilakSaNa kathAkRti kI kathAoM ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna zreSThatara sAmAjikasAMskRtika jIvana ke utkRSTatama manorama rUpa kA anumAna sahaja hI hotA hai /

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(x) 'vasudevahiNDI' se tatkAlIna bhaugolika, rAjanItika, Arthika aura prazAsanika paristhitiyoM kA bhI vizada varNana prApta hotA hai / isa mahanIya kathAgrantha meM aneka nagaroM, janapadoM, dezoM, parvatoM aura nadiyoM nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jisase prAcIna patha-paddhati aura mahAjanapadoM ke sAtizaya samRddha evaM vividha-vicitra rUpoM kA digdarzana hotA hai / prasaMgAnusAra, isa grantha meM, jainadarzana aura AcAra kI vivecanA ke krama meM jainetara darzanoM tathA vibhinna dhArmika-sAmpradAyika matavAdoM kA gambhIra aura rocaka vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / isase tatkAlIna dhArmika sthiti ko hRdayaMgama karane kA mahattvapUrNa aura prAmANika AdhAra sulabha huA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prAkRta-bhASA bhASika adhyayana kI dRSTi se apanA viziSTa mahattva rakhatI hai / yaha bahudhA ArSa prAkRta yA zvetAmbara - AgamoM kI arddhamAgadhI ke bahuta samIpa hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA paravarttI prAkRta ke vaiyAkaraNoM kA Adarza rahI hogI, isalie isa grantha kI bhASA kI rUpa-niSpatti ke viSaya meM pracalita prAkRta - vyAkaraNoM se bahuta hI kama jAnakArI milatI hai| isake atirikta, zvetAmbara - AgamoM ke kAla-nirdhAraNa tathA unakI bhASA ke parIkSaNa ke sandarbha meM bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA kA prAsaMgika mUlya hai / Agamika bhASA se sAtizaya nikaTatA rahane para bhI isa kathAkRti meM katipaya aise bhASika rUpa milate haiM, jo AgamoM, cUrNiyoM aura niyuktiyoM meM anupalabdha haiM, kintu ve rUpa pAli- bhASA prApta haiN| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA kI jahA~ eka ora AgamoM kI bhASA se sannikaTatA hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora pAli- bhASA se bhI isakI saMgati hai / ataeva, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA se arddhamAgadhI aura pAli-bhASA ke pArasparika sambandha ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| isa kathAgrantha meM kucha aise bhI prayoga upalabdha hote haiM, jo vaiyAkaraNoM ke anusAra, anupalabdha paizAcI bhASA ke viziSTa lakSaNoM se yukta haiN| guNADhya ne 'bRhatkathA' kI racanA paizAcI bhASA meM kI thii| paizAcI-viSayaka lakSaNa - vaiziSTya ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'bRhatkathA' para AdhRta isa mahatkathA kI prAkRta-bhASA meM paizAcI bhI pravRtti surakSita hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM apracalita aura dezI zabdoM kA to vizAla bhANDAra hai| ina zabdoM kI UhApohapUrvaka kI gaI vyutpatti aura tajjanita artha se na kevala prAkRta bhASA kI, apitu saMskRta-prAkRtaparamparA kI sabhI bhASAoM ke koza kI paryApta samRddhi kI sambhAvanA saMketita hotI hai / prastuta zodha-grantha meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kI uparyukta vizeSatAoM ko nimnavivRta pA~ca adhyayanoM meM pallavita kiyA gayA hai : adhyayana : 1 meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke srota aura svarUpa para vicAra karane meM krama meM isa mahatkathA ko guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' ke hI vibhinna navyodbhAvanoM meM anyatama siddha kiyA gayA hai / punaH 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kathA-saMkSepa ko upanyasta karane ke bAda isa kathAkRti kI grathana-paddhati para vizadatA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 1 adhyayana : 2 meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI paurANika kathAoM kA vivecana upasthApita kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM isa mahatkathA meM prApya kRSNakathA, rAmakathA, rUDha (mithaka kathAoM aura prakIrNa kathAoM kI zAstrIya aura saiddhAntika samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai aura niSkarSa nikAlA gayA hai ki zramaNa-paramparA meM brAhmaNa-paramparA kI purANakathAoM kA punaH saMskAra karake unheM navIna mUlya aura jIvana-bodha ke sAtizaya ramaNIya laukikAtilaukika pariveza meM upanyasta kiyA gayA hai /

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(xi) adhyayana:3 meM, vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita pAramparika vidyAoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM AlocanAtmaka vivecana prastuta karane ke krama meM yathollikhita cAmatkArika vidyAoM ke prAsaMgika paricaya kA vizada upasthApana kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI isa mahatkathA meM yathApratipAdita jyotiSa-vidyA, Ayurveda-vidyA, dhanurveda-vidyA, vAstuvidyA aura lalitakalAoM kA, brAhmaNa aura zramaNa-paramparA meM nirdiSTa zAstrIya saiddhAntika vivecana ke pariprekSya meM, sAMgopAMga, sAtha hI tulanAtmaka anuzIlana huA hai| . adhyayana : 4 meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pratibimbita lokajIvana kA savistara anuzIlana, AlocanAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka AsaMga meM, upanyasta kiyA gayA hai| isa krama meM vasudevahiNDIkAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNI dvArA citrita tatkAlIna sAmAnya sAMskRtika jIvana kA vyApaka vizleSaNa huA hai, to usa samaya kI artha-vyavasthA evaM rAjanayika prazAsana-vidhi kA bhI, jisameM vidhi aura daNDa-vyavasthA bhI sammilita hai, prasaMgoddharaNa-sahita vistRta mUlyAMkana upasthApita kiyA gayA hai / punaH, tayugIna bhaugolika sthiti evaM aitihAsika pariveza kA puMkhAnupuMkha adhyayana prasaMgollekhapUrvaka huA hai, to tatkAlIna dArzanika matavAdoM evaM sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNoM ko bhI antaHsAkSyamUlaka prasaMgoM ke AdhAra para vyAkRta kiyA gayA hai| adhyayana : 5 meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' kA bhASika aura sAhityika mUlyAMkana upasthApita kiyA gayA hai / bhASAzAstrIya parIkSaNa ke krama meM, bhASA kI saMracanA-zailI kA mUla prayogoM ke upasthApana-sahita adhyayana karake yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki isa kathAkRti kI bhASA arddhamAgadhI kI samIpavartI ArSa prAkRta yA prAcIna jaina mahArASTrI hai / punaH, sAhityika tattvoM kI mImAMsA saundaryazAstrIya dRSTikoNa se upanyasta huI hai, sAtha hI AcArya kathAkAra dvArA pratipAdita kathAtattvoM ke zAstrIya aura saiddhAntika vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA hai ki prastuta mahatkathAkRti bhAratIya aupanyAsika kathA-sAhitya ke pAryantika aura pakteiya AdigranthoM meM apanI ullekhanIya vizeSatA rakhatI hai| upasaMhAra ke bAda, pariziSTa 1 meM 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya anyatra durlabha prAkRta-zabda-prayogoM kA zabdazAstrIya vizleSaNa tathA unakI tulanAtmaka bhASika mImAMsA upanyasta kI gaI hai| pariziSTa 2 meM 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kathAnAyaka vasudeva kI aTThAIsa paliyoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai aura phira pariziSTa 3 meM 'dhammillahiNDI' ke antargata varNita dhammilla kI battIsa paliyoM kI vivaraNI prastuta kI gaI hai / punaH pariziSTa 4 meM vasudevahiNDI ke viziSTa cArcika sthaloM kI sUcI dI gaI hai / jJAtavya hai ki ina sthaloM ke, paurANika avadhAraNA ke pariprekSya meM adhyayana kI apanI nijatA aura mahattA hai| ___ anta meM, maiM vinamra nivedana karanA cAhU~gA, vasudevahiNDI' jaisI adbhuta kathAkRti kA yathAprastuta yaha zodha-adhyayana pAryantika nahIM hai / isa mahatkathA kA viSaya jitanA hI vistRta hai, utanA hI agAdha aura atalasparza / isa kathAgrantha para isa prakAra ke aneka zodhagrantha prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM / merA prayAsa AMzika hI hai, pUrNa nhiiN| isameM aneka AsaMga aise haiM, jinakI ora maiMne saMketamAtra hI kiyA hai aura jinake lie prAcya sAhitya ke gaveSakoM kA sArasvata zrama pratIkSita hai / vizeSa kara, isa kRti kA bhASika adhyayana to svatantra zodhagrantha kA viSaya hai / sAtha hI, sAMskRtika paramparA kA vyApaka pratibimba prastuta karanevAle isa kathAgrantha kA sAhityazAstrIya anuzIlana ke lie to eka nahIM, apitu aneka zodhagranthoM ke praNayana kI apekSA hogii| . viSaya-vivecana evaM prasaMgAkalana ke krama meM koSThaka meM dRSTigata honevAlI saMkhyAe~ yathAprApta 'vasudevahiNDI' ke bhAvanagara (gujarAta)-saMskaraNa kI pRSTha paMkti aura lambha ke saMketa ke lie aMkita

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(xii) haiN| pAdaTippaNI meM samAviSTa sandarbha prAyaH sambaddha mUlagranthoM se hI uddhRta hai / mUlagranthoM kI durlabhatA kI sthiti meM kahIM-kahIM sambaddha sandarbho ko anUddhRta bhI kiyA gayA hai| amUla aura anapekSita se prAyaH . bacane kA merA sahaja prayAsa rahA hai / phira bhI, truTiyA~ aura skhalana mAnava kI sahaja durbalatA hai, isalie maiM isa sUkti ke prati AsthAvAn hU~ : dhAvatAM skhalanaM kvApi bhavatyeva pramAdataH / hasanti durjanAstatrottolayanti hi paNDitAH // isa sArasvata mahAyajJa kI pUrNAhuti apAra bhagavatkRpA se hI sambhava huI hai / vyAvahArika dRSTi se, isa bahuvina zreyaHkArya kI pUrNatA kA zreya mere sahRdayahRdaya sudhI zodha-purodhA tathA sausnAtika mitra DaoN. rAmaprakAza poddAra (tatkAlIna nidezaka, prAkRta-zodha-saMsthAna, vaizAlI) ko hai, jinhoMne vaiduSyapUrNa parAmarza ke sAtha hI sAmayika protsAhana tathA preraNA se majhe svIkata granthalekhana-kArya ke prati satata gatizIla banAye rkhaa| maiM unakI sArasvata adhamarNatA sahaja hI svIkAra karatA hU~ / karnATaka kaoNleja, dhAravAr3a ke prAkRta-vibhAga ke rIDara vidvadvareNya DaoN. bI. ke. khaDabaDI kA maiM antaHkRtajJa hU~, jinhoMne katipaya tAttvika viSayoM ke viniveza kA nirdeza dekara grantha kI prAmANikatA ko tato'dhika paripuSTa kiyA hai| grantha-lekhana kI avadhi meM sandarbha-sAmagrI kI sulabhatA ke lie prAkRta zodha-saMsthAna (vaizAlI), bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad tathA risarca sosAiTI lAibrerI (paTanA) ke anusandhAna-pustakAlayoM tathA unake prabhArI padAdhikAriyoM ke saujanya-sahayoga ke prati maiM sadA AbhArI rhuuNgaa| __ prastuta zodhagrantha-lekhana kI sampannatA ke nimitta mujhe jina sandarbha-granthoM se sAhAyya aura vaicArika sambala upalabdha huA, unake mahAprajJa lekhakoM ke prati antaHkaraNa se AbhArI hone meM mujhe sahaja garva kA anubhava hotA hai| isa avasara para, maiM puNyazloka paM. mathurAprasAda dIkSita (gurujI) tathA puNyazloka DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI jaise zubhAnudhyAyI manISiyoM kA sazraddha smaraNa karatA hU~ / jJAtavya hai ki gurujI ne hI mujhe sarvaprathama prAkRta ke adhyayana kI preraNA dI aura DaoN. zAstrI ne usa preraNA kI sAkAratA ke lie AcAryamitrocita sakriya sArasvata sahayoga aura sahaja snehila AtmIyatA ke sAtha mujhe uttejita kiyaa| atizaya udAra evaM AtmIyatvavarSI RjuprAjJa sAhityika abhibhAvaka puNyazloka AcArya zivapUjana sahAya tathA AcArya nalinavilocana zarmA apane mana meM nirantara mere sAhityika utkarSa kI kAmanA sa~joye rahate the| prastuta zodha-grantha una divyAtmAoM ke amRtamaya sArasvata AzIrvacana kI ajJAta-apratyakSa zubhabhAvanA kA hI AkSarika puNyaphala hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| mere isa zramasAdhya zodha-racanAtmaka anuSThAna meM prArambha se antataka merI gRhasvAminI zrImatI latA raMjana 'saba' kI pratimUrti hokara, eka vicakSaNa 'vidhikarI' kI bhA~ti suvidhA kI samidhA juTAtI rahIM aura sthala-sthale para, yathAlikhita kathA-kAnta sAmagrI ko par3hakara yA hamAre dvArA sunakara usameM nihita loka-sAmAnyatA ke bhAvoM kI anakalatA ko unhoMne na kevala anazaMsita kiyA. apita apekSita zabdoM ke ucita saMsthApana kA sujhAva bhI diyaa| nizcaya hI, yaha zodha-grantha unakI hI gArhapatya tapasyA kA sarjanAtmaka phala hai| vizeSa ullekhya yaha hai ki mere parivAra ke sabhI prakAra ke sadasya bAla-bacce,

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(xiily bar3e-bUr3he aura vipula mitravarga 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rocaka kathAoM ko sunakara apane Antarika AhlAda se mujhe nirantara samutsAhita karate rahe / maiM eka-eka karake sabake prati kRtajJa huuN| __maiM apane vidyAnurAgI jananAntarasuhRd DaoN. yugalakizora mizra (nidezaka : prAkRta-jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha-saMsthAna, vaizAlI) kI svataHsphUrta upakAra-bhAvanA aura vidvajjanocita sahaja anugrAhitA kA RNI hU~; kyoMki yaha zodhagrantha unhIM kI guNajJatA, karmaNyatA aura vyavahArajJatA kA AzaMsanIya pariNAma hai / ise prakAzita dekhakara unheM utanA AhlAda hogA, jitanA mujhe bhI nahIM ho sktaa| AzA hai, isa zodha-grantha se kathA-sAhitya ke adhyetAoM aura kalAbhUyiSTha saMskRti ke jijJAsuoM ko nirAzA nahIM hogI / kAraNa, isakA lekhana kevala lIlayA vitataM' nahIM hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' eka aisA analpaguNa jyotirmaya kathAgrantha hai, jisapara likhanevAlA svayaM guNadIpti se samudbhAsita ho utthegaa| mUlataH bihAra vizvavidyAlaya (mujaphpharapura) kI pI-ec. DI. upAdhi ke lie zodha-prabandha ke rUpa meM prastuta yaha zodha-grantha vinamratApUrvaka, prAcyavidyA ke jijJAsu vidvajjanoM ke svAdhyAya ke lie sAgraha nivedita hai| - zrIraMjana sUrideva pI. en. sinhA kaoNlonI bhikhanApahAr3I, paTanA-800 006 san 1993 I.

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viSaya-krama prArambhikI prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kA sthAna : 1-12 adhyayana 1 'vasudevahiNDI' kA srota aura svarUpa : 13-79 (ka) 'vasudevahiNDI' tathA 'bRhatkathA' ke vibhinna navyodbhAvana : 20 'vasudevahiNDI' kA mahattva: 27; 'vasudevahiNDI' aura 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM vilakSaNa kathAsAmya : 31; 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' aura 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pUrvAparavarttitA ke katipaya vicAraNIya pakSa : 34; 'vasudevahiNDI' ke atirikta paravartI kathA - sAhitya para guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' kA prabhAva : 37 (kha) 'vasudevahiNDI' kA kathA-saMkSepa : 38. lokottaracarita vasudeva kA vilakSaNa vyaktitva : 38; kathA-saMkSepa : (ga) kathA kI grathana-paddhati : 67 pa: 40 prathama 'kathotpatti' adhikAra kI kathAvastu : 72 ; 'dhammillacarita' kI kathAvastu : 73; 'pIThikA' adhikAra kI kathAvastu : 74; 'mukha' adhikAra kI kathAvastu : 74; 'pratimukha' adhikAra kI kathAvastu : 75; 'zarIra' adhikAra kI kathAvastu : 75; niSkarSa : 76 adhyayana: 2 'vasudevahiNDI' kI paurANika kathAe~: 80- 154 kathA ke vibhinna paryAya: 80 (ka) kRSNakathA: 83 (kha) rAmakathA : 102 niSkarSa : 112 (ga) rUDha yA mithaka kathAe~: 113 rUDhakathA aura kathArUMDhiyA~ : 115 - 131; mithaka kathA : 131

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(gha) prakIrNa kathAe~ : 145 prakIrNa kathAoM meM paurANika kathAoM kA mahattva : 151; niSkarSa : 152 adhyayana:3 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pAramparika vidyAe~ : 155-291 (ka) jyotiSa-vidyA : 171 svapnaphala : 173; jyotiSiyoM, muniyoM aura tIrthaMkaroM kI bhaviSyavANiyA~: 174; zubha tithi, nakSatra, vAra, yoga, karaNa aura muhUrta : 179; zakuna-- kautuka: 185; aMgalakSaNa yA aMgavidyA : 186; puruSa-lakSaNaM aura Ayu vicAra : 189 (kha) Ayurveda-vidyA : 192 bhojana-prakaraNa : 196; garbhaprakaraNa : 200; zalyacikitsA-prakaraNa : 205; vibhinna roga aura unakI cikitsA : 211; viSa-prakaraNa : 215; rasa-prakaraNa : 217 (ga) dhanurveda-vidyA : 221 niSkarSa : 241 (gha) vAstuvidyA : 242 niSkarSa : 254 (Ga) lalita kalAe~ : 255 nRtya, nATya aura saMgIta : 265; gaNikA : lalita-kalA kI AcAryA : 170; nRtya-nATya : 280; saMgIta : 184; dyUtakalA : 288; niSkarSa : 290 adhyayana : 4 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pratibimbita lokajIvana : 292-495 (ka) sAmAnya sAmAjika jIvana : 295 (kha) sAmAnya sAMskRtika jIvana : 318 saMskRti ke vibhinna sandarbha : 319 vedAdhyayana aura yajJa : 322; vivAhasaMskAra : 330; zavadAha aura zrAddha : 340; anyAnya dhArmika kRtya : 343; jaina saMskAra : 346; dharma-sampradAya : 348; vastra aura alaMkaraNa : 352; aMga-prasAdhana aura sajjA : 360; vAdyayantra :362; pazu-pakSI-sarpa : 366; vana aura vanaspati :377; bhojana-sAmagrI : 386; naraka aura svarga : 388; deva aura deviyA~ 398; vidyAdhara aura apsarA 406; anya devayoniyA~ : 410; vaijJAnika cetanA : 415; niSkarSa : 418

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(ga) prazAsana evaM artha-vyavasthA : 419 mantripariSad : 421; rAjya-prazAsanavidhi : 425; rAjakulaH 428; vidhi vyavasthA: aparAdha aura daNDa: 433; artha-vyavasthA:446; niSkarSa : 455 (gha) bhaugolika evaM rAjanItika AsaMga tathA aitihAsika sAkSya : 456 dvIpa : 457; parvata : 461; nadiyA~, samudra aura hrada : 466; janapada, nagara, grAma, sanniveza Adi : 471 (Ga) dArzanika matavAda : 482 adhyayana:5 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhASika aura sAhityika tattva : 496-564 (ka) bhASika tattva : 498 bhASika prayoga-vaividhya : 514; saMskRta-vyAkaraNa kA prabhAva : 517 (kha) sAhityika tattva : 521 kathA ke vividha rUpa : 521; sAhityika saundarya ke vividha pakSa : 535; saundaryaH 536; niSkarSa : 542; kalpanA : 542; bimba : 546; niSkarSa : 553; pratIka : 553 (ga) bhASA kI saMracanA-zailI evaM anya sAhityika tattva: 557 sUkti camatkAra : 562; niSkarSa : 564 : upasamAhAra : 565 pariziSTaH 1 katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda: 572 pariziSTa : 2 vasudeva kI aTThAIsa patniyoM kI vivaraNI : 598 pariziSTaH3 dhammilla kI battIsa patniyoM kI vivaraNI : 600 pariziSTaH4 'vasudevahiNDI ke viziSTa cArcika sthala : 601 sandarbha-granthAnukramaNI : 602 zabdAnukramaNI : 610

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prArambhikI prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kA sthAna prAcIna saMskRta-kathAoM kI AdhArazilA bahulAMzataH divyabhUmi para pratiSThApita kI gaI hai| kintu, ThIka isakI pratibhAvanA-svarUpa prAkRta-kathAoM kI racanA-prakriyA meM divyAdivya zaktiyoM kI samanviti ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai / kAraNa, saMskRta ke kathAkAra vedoM aura upaniSadoM meM pratipAdita IzvarIya zakti kI sarvoparitA kI avadhAraNA se AkrAnta the; parantu isake viparIta prAkRta-kathAkAroM ne mAnava-zakti kI sarvoparitA ko lakSya kiyA thaa| isIlie, mAnavatva ke viniyoga athavA Izvara ke kartRtva kI apekSA usake vyaktitva meM vipula vizvAsa ke prati prAkRta-kathAkAroM kA Agraha adhika sajaga rhaa| saMskRta-kathAkAra jahA~ kevala atilaukika bhAvabhUmi ke pakSadhara bane, vahIM prAkRta-kathAkAroM ne laukika bhAvadhArA ko atilaukika pRSThabhUmi se jor3akara apane mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa kA saMketa diyaa| prAkRta aura saMskRta ke kathAkAroM kI saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ke uparyukta vaicArika svAtantrya ke mUla meM na kevala sAmpradAyika, apitu apane-apane yuga kA, arthAt samasAmayika bhASika, sAmAjika, dhArmika aura rAjanItika pariveza kA prabhAva bhI sakriya rahA hai, phalataH unhoMne apanI-apanI sAMskRtika cetanA aura bauddhika cintana yA mAnasika avadhAraNA ke anukUla bhAva-jagat meM saMcaraNa karate hue yathAsvIkRta paddhati se kathA-sAhitya ko nUtana abhiniveza diyA, naI-naI dizAe~ dI aura usake naye-naye AyAma nirdhArita kiye| kintu, sAmAnya janajIvana se sambaddha prAkRta-kathAkAroM ne tato'dhika vikAsavAdI dRSTi kA paricaya diyA, arthAt unhoMne mAnava-niyati ko daivI niyati se sambaddha na mAnakara, lokabhAvanA ko karmavAda para AdhRta sAmAjika gatizIlatA kI ora prerita kiyA; adivya ko divya se milAkara use divyAdivyatva pradAna kiyaa| cirAcarita sArvabhaumatAvAdI yugadharma ko vikasita kara usameM lokajIvana kI lokottaravAdI cetanA kI vyApaka viniyukti prAkRta-kathAoM kI maulika vizeSatA hai, jo apane sAtha, bhASika aura sAhityika samRddhi kI dRSTi se, sArasvata kSetra ke lie apUrva upalabdhi kI garimA kA saMvahana karatI haiN| vaidika yA brAhmaNa-paramparA ke saMskRta-kathA-sAhitya kI vividhatA aura vipulatA ne jisa prakAra apane yuga kA nirmANa kiyA hai, usI prakAra zramaNa-paramparA meM prAkRta-kathAvAGmaya kI vizAlatA se eka yuga kI sthApanA huI hai,| zramaNa-paramparA aura brAhmaNa-paramparA-donoM samAntara gati se pravAhita hotI A rahI haiN| donoM ke bIca koI spaSTa vibhAjaka rekhA nahIM hai| yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki koI paramparA kAla-dharma ke kAraNa kSINaprabha aura tejodIpta hotI rhe| koI bhI paramparA apane sArasvata vaibhava se hI dIrghAyu hotI hai| brAhmaNa-paramparA apane sAhityika utkarSa, dArzanika dIpti aura bhASika Rddhi se zAzvata banI huI hai, usI prakAra zramaNa-paramparA kI jaina aura bauddha-ye donoM zAkhAe~ bhI apanI mahAmahima sAhityika dArzanika-bhASika vibhUti se hI yuga-yuga kA jIvanakalpa ho gaI haiN|

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vasadevahiNDI:bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA koI bhI paramparA yA sampradAya yadi sAmAjika gati ko kevala tathAkathita dhArmika niyati se saMyojita karane kI ceSTA karatA hai, to vaha pallavita hone kI apekSA saMkIrNa aura sthAyI hone kI apekSA asthAyI ho jAtA hai| zramaNa-paramparA kI sthAyitA kA mUlakAraNa dharma, darzana aura sAhitya ke kSetra meM krAntikArI vaicArika udAratA hai| zramaNa-paramparA kI prAkRta-kathAoM meM udAradRSTivAdI sAhitya, dharma aura darzana kI samanvita triveNI pravAhita huI hai, ataeva isI pariprekSya meM prAkRta-kathAoM kA mUlyAMkana nyAyocita hogaa| Agama-paravattIM prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kI sabase bar3I upalabdhi yahI nahIM hai ki prAkRta-kathAkAroM ne loka-pracalita kathAoM ko dhArmika pariveza pradAna kiyA hai yA zreSTha kathAoM kI sarjanA kevala dharma-pracAra ke nimitta kI hai| prAkRta-kathAoM kA pradhAna uddezya kevala siddhAnta-vizeSa kI sthApanA karanA bhI nahIM hai| varaMca, siddhAnta-vizeSa kI sthApanA aura dhArmika pariveza ke prastavana ke sAtha hI apane samaya ke sampUrNa rASTradharma yA yugadharma kA pratibimbana bhI prAkRta-kathA kA pramukha pratipAdya hai, jisameM bhAvoM kI rasapezalatA, saundarya-cetanA aura nirduSTa manoraMjana ke tathya bhI svabhAvataH samAkalita ho gaye haiN| kahanA yaha cAhie ki prAkRta-kathAkAroM ne apanI kathAoM meM dharma-sAdhanA yA dArzanika siddhAntoM kI vivecanA ko sAmpradAyika Aveza se AvRta karane ke AgrahI hote hue bhI saMracanA-zilpa, bhAva-saundarya, padazayyA, bhaNiti-bhaMgI. bimbavidhAna. pratIka-ramaNIyatA Adi kI daSTi se apane kathAkAra ke vyaktitva ko khaNDita nahIM hone diyaa| hAlA~ki isa tathya se bhI inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki kisI kathAkAra yA racanAkAra ke lie jisa antarnigUDha nirvaiyaktikatA yA anAgrahazIlatA yA dharmanirapekSatA kI apekSA hotI hai, usase prAkRta-kathAkAra apane ko pratibaddha nahIM rakha ske| ve anekAnta, aparigraha evaM ahiMsA kA akhaNDa vaicArika samarthana bhI karate rahe aura apane dharma kI zreSThatA kA DiNDimaghoSa bhii| aisA isalie sambhava huA ki vaidika dharma ke yajJIya ADambaroM aura anAcAroM se vimukti ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne lokajIvana ko ahiMsA aura aparigraha se sampuTita jisa anekAntavAdI abhinava dharma kA sandeza diyA thA, vaha rAjadharma ke rUpa meM svIkRta thA, isalie usake pracAra-prasAra kA kArya rAjyAzrita buddhivAdiyoM yA darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ke samyaktva dvArA mokSa ke AkAMkSI zratajJa tathA zramaNa kathAkAroM kA naitika evaM dhArmika itikartavya thaa| isake atirikta. kathA-kahAnI pracAra-prasAra kA adhika prabhAvakArI mAdhyama siddha hotI hai, isalie kathA ke vyAja se dharma aura nIti kI bAteM bar3I saralatA se janasAmAnya ko hRdayaMgama karAI jA sakatI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAgamokta dharma ke AcArika aura vaicArika pakSa kI vivecanA aura usake vyApaka pracAra ke nimitta prAkRta-kathAe~ anakala mAdhyama mAnI gaI hoN| ataeva, tatkAlIna lokatantrIya rAjadharma ke prati kisI bhI lokacintaka kalAkAra kI pUjya bhAvanA sahaja sambhAvya hai, jo usake rASTrIya dAyitva ke pAlana ke prati sajagatA kA saMketaka bhI hai| spaSTa hai ki prAkRta-kathAkAroM kI racanA-pratibhA dharma, darzana aura sAhitya ke kSetra meM samamati thii| dhArmika cetanA, dArzanika pramA tathA sAhityika vidagdhatA ke zAstrIya samanvaya kI pratimUrti prAkRta ke kathAkAroM kI kathAbhUmi eka sAtha dharmodghoSa se mukhara, dArzanika unmeSa se prakhara tathA sAhityika suSamA se madhura hai| isIlie, prAkRta-kathAoM ke mUlya-nirdhAraNa ke nimitta abhinava dRSTi aura svatantra mAnasikatA kI apekSA hai|

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prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kA sthAna prAkRta-kathA na kevala dharmakathA hai, na hI kAmakathA aura na arthkthaa| isake atirikta, prAkRta-kathA ko kevala mokSakathA bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vastutaH prAkRta-kathA mizrakathA hai, jisameM puruSArtha-catuSTaya (dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa) kI siddhi kA upAya nirdezita huA hai| anubhUtiyoM kI sAMgopAMga abhivyakti mizrakathA meM hI sambhava hai| jIvana kI samasta sambhAvanAoM ke vinyAsa kI dRSTi se prAkRta-kathA kI dvitIyatA nahIM hai| sAmAnyatayA, prAkRta-kathAoM kI saMracanA-zailI kA pAli-kathAoM se bahuzaH sAmya parilakSita hotA hai| phira bhI, donoM meM ullekhanIya antara yaha hai ki pAli-kathAoM meM pAtroM ke pUrvabhava kathA ke mukhya bhAga ke rUpa meM upanyasta haiM, parantu prAkRta-kathAoM meM pAtroM ke pUrvabhava upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM vinyasta hue haiN| pAli-kathAoM yA jAtaka kathAoM meM bodhisattva mukhya kendrabindu haiM, aura unake kAryakalApa kI pariNati prAyaH upadeza-kathA ke rUpa meM hotI hai| isa krama meM kisI eka gAthA ko sUtrarUpa meM upasthApita karake gadyAMza meM use pallavita kara diyA gayA hai, jisase kathA kI puSTi meM samarasatA yA ekarasatA kA anubhava hotA hai| kintu prAkRta-kathAoM meM jAtaka kathAoM jaisI ekarasatA nahIM, apitu ghaTanAkrama kI vividhatA aura usake pravAha kA samanvayAtmaka Ayojana huA hai| gaharAI aura vistAra prAkRta-kathAoM kI zailI kI apanI viziSTatA hai| prAkRta-kathA kI mahattA isa bAta meM nihita hai ki isake racayitAoM ne hRdya aura lokapriya kissA-kahAnI evaM sAhityika tathA kalApUrNa galpake bIca kI mithyApratIti ke vyavadhAna ko nirasta kara diyA hai| prAkRta-kathAkAroM ne ucca aura nimnavarga ke vaiSamya ko bhI apanI kRtiyoM se dUra kara diyA hai| phalataH, inakI racanAoM meM donoM vargoM kI vizeSatAoM kA saphala samanvaya huA hai| dUsarI ora, jo loga kathAoM meM sAhityika abhiniveza aura manovaijJAnika sUkSmatAoM kI apekSA rakhate haiM, unheM bhI prAkRta-kathAoM se koI nirAzA nahIM ho sktii| yaha eka bahuta bar3I bAta hai, jo bahuta kama kathA-sAhitya ke bAre meM kahI jA sakatI hai| vyApaka aura gambhIra sUkSmekSikA se sampanna bhAratIyetara vidvAnoM ne bhI apane saMracanA-zilpa meM sampUrNa bhAratIya paramparA ko samAhRta karanevAlI prAkRta-kathA-vAGmaya kI vizAlatA para vipula Azcarya vyakta kiyA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya ke pAragAmI adhItI tathA 'e hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTrecara' ke prathitayazA lekhaka viNTaranitsa kevala isI bAta se cakita nahIM hai ki prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM janasAdhAraNa ke vAstavika jIvana kI jhA~kiyA~ milatI haiM, vaha to isalie prazaMsAmukhara haiM ki prAkRta-kathAoM kI bhASA meM eka ora yadi janabhASA kI zarIrAtmA pratinihita hai, to dUsarI ora varNya viSaya meM vibhinna vargoM ke vAstavika jIvana kA hRdayAvarjaka citra samagratA ke sAtha, mAMsala rekhAoM meM aMkita hai| isake atirikta, prAkRta-kathAkAroM kI vizvajanIna anubhUti kA pramANa yaha bhI hai ki unake dvArA prastuta abhivyakti kI vilakSaNatA, kalpanA kI pravaNatA, bhAvanAoM aura AvegoM kA vizleSaNa tathA mAnava-niyati kA bhrAjamAna citraNa ye tamAma tattva vizva ke kathAsAhitya kI vizeSatAoM kA mUlya-mAna rakhate haiN| sabase adhika ullekhya tathya yaha hai ki prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM surakSita saMsthAna aura zilpa vibhinna paravartI bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya ke AdhAradarza bane / jJAtavya hai ki prAkRta-kathA ke zilpa-vidhAna meM na kevala bAhya vailakSaNya hai, apitu usameM pratiSThita Antarika zilpa kI saundarya-cetanA meM pAThakoM se AtmIyatva sthApita karane kI apUrva kSamatA bhI hai|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA prAkRta-kathAoM kI asAdhAraNatA ne 'oNna da liTrecara oNva da zvetAmbarAz2a oNva gujarAta' ke manISI lekhaka pro. harTela kA bhI dhyAna Avarjita kiyA hai| vaha prAkRta-kathAkAroM ke kathAkauzala kI kalAtmaka viziSTatA aura aupanyAsika sthApatya para vismaya- vimugdha haiM / lokajIvana kI vividhatA kI pUrNa satyatA ke sAtha abhivyakti meM prAkRta-kathAkAroM kI sAtizaya vicakSaNatA ne 1. unheM barabasa AkRSTa kiyA hai| isalie, vaha prAkRta-kathAoM ko janasAdharaNa kI naitika zikSA kA mUlasrota hI nahIM, apitu bhAratIya sabhyatA kA lalita itihAsa bhI mAnate haiM / yaha tathya hai ki saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA yathArtha aura utkRSTa jJAna prApta karane ke lie prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kI upayogitA asandigdha hai| ucca, madhya aura nimna vargoM ke cAritrika vikAsa aura usake sahaja vistAra ko jitanI prabhAvotpAdaka sUkSmatA se prAkRta-kathAkAroM ne rUpAyita kiyA hai, utanI talasparzitA kA pradarzana anya bhASAoM ke kathAkAra kadAcit hI kara pAye haiM / mAntrika vAgmitA ke sAtha apanI sthApanA yA pratijJA ( thIsisa) ko, maulikatA aura navInatA kI prabhAvAnviti se AveSTita kara, upasthApita karanA prAkRta-kathAkAroM kI racanA-prakriyA kI anyatra durlabha sArasvata upalabdhi hai| jIvana kI jaTilatA aura dustara bhavayAtrA kI vibhISikA meM mAnava ke manobala ko satata dRDhatara aura usakI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko nirantara unnidra evaM padakrama ko avirata gatizIla banAye rakhane ke lie kAladraSTA tapodhana RSiyoM tathA darzana - jJAna - cAritra sampanna AcAryoM ne mitrasammita yA kAntAsammita upadezoM ko kathA ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA, tAki bhavayAtriyoM kA jIvana-mArga duHkha kI dAruNa anubhUti se bojhila na hokara sugama ho jAya aura unheM apanI AtmA meM nihita lokottara zakti ko Urdhvamukha karane kI preraNA bhI milatI rhe| isa prakAra, jIvana aura jagat, dik aura kAla kI sArthakatA hI kathA kA mUla uddezya hai| cAhe pUrI bhavayAtrA ho, yA sAmAnya dainandina jIvana kI khaNDayAtrA, donoM kI sukhasAdhyatA aura tato'dhika maMgalamayatA yA saphalatA ke lie kathA anivArya hai| 'zrImadbhAgavata' (10.31.9) ke anusAra, tapta jIvana ke lie kathA eka aisA amRta hai, jo na kevala zravaNa- sukhada hai, apitu kalmaSApaha bhI hai| saca pUchie, to mAnava kA jIvana hI eka kathA hai / kathA apane jIvana kI ho, yA kisI dUsare ke jIvana kI, mAnava-mana kI samAna bhAvAnubhUti kI dRSTi se pratyeka kathA tadAtmatA yA samabhAvadazA se AviSTa kara letI hai aura phira, usase jo jIvana kI sahI dizA kA nirdeza milatA hai, vaha sahaja grAhya bhI hotA hai / isIlie, bhagavAn ke dvArA kahI gaI veda yA purANa kI saMskRta-kathAe~ yA jainAgama kI prAkRta-kathAe~ yA phira bauddha tripiTaka kI pAli-kathAe~ atizaya lokapriya haiN| isa prakAra, pratyeka paramparA kA AgamasAhitya hI kathA kI AdibhUmi hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa jainAgamoM kA saMkalana arddhamAgadhI prAkRta meM huA hai / ataeva, prAkRta-kathAoM kI bIjabhUmi yA udgama-bhUmi Agama-grantha hI haiM / niryukti, bhASya, cUrNi Adi Agamika TIkA-granthoM meM bhI laghu aura bRhat sahasroM kathAe~ haiM / Agamika sAhitya meM dhArmika , AdhyAtmika tattvacintana, nIti aura karttavya kA nirdhAraNa Adi jIvanAbhyudayamUlaka viSayoM kA pratipAdana kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, saiddhAntika tathyoM kA nirUpaNa, tAttvika nirNaya, dArzanika gUDha samasyAoM ke samAdhAna tathA aneka granthila- gambhIra viSayoM ke AcAra,

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prAka prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM vasudevahiNDI' kA sthAna spaSTIkaraNa ke lie kathAoM ko mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM aura anyAnya AcAryoM ne kathA kI zakti ko pahacAnA thA, isalie unhoMne apane vicAroM ke pracAra ke lie kathA ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyaa| __prAkRta-nibaddha aMga aura upAMga-sAhitya meM prApta, Arhata siddhAntoM ko abhivyakti denevAle AkhyAna preraka aura prAMjala to haiM hI, antarnigUDha saMvedanazIla bhAvanAoM ke samudbhAvaka aura sampoSaka bhI haiN| AgamakAlIna ina AkhyAnoM kA uddezya hai-mithyAtva se upahata adhogAminI mAnavatA ko naitika aura AdhyAtmika udAttatA kI UrdhvabhUmi para pratiSThApita karanA / AgamakAla prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kA AdikAla yA saMkramaNa-kAla thaa| isa avadhi meM nIti aura siddhAntaparaka prAkRta-kathAe~ kramazaH sAhityika kathAoM ke rUpa meM saMkramita ho rahI thIM, arthAt unameM sapATabayAnI ke atirikta sAhitya-bodha kI antaraMga sajagatA aura rasAtmaka abhivyakti kI AkulatA kA saMkramaNa ho rahA thaa| arhatoM kI upadeza-vANI kI tIkSNatA aura rUkSatA ko yA usakI kar3avAhaTa ko prapAnaka rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata kara abhivyakta karane kI cintA prathamAnuyoga ke yuga meM rUpAyita huI aura sAhitya kI sarasatA se sikta hone kA avasara mila jAne se gurusammita vANI jaisI thAe~ kAntAsammita vANI meM parivartita hokara tato'dhika vyApaka aura prabhAvaka bana gaIM aura isa prakAra, saMkalana kI pravRtti sarjanAvRtti meM pariNata huii| viSaya-nirUpaNa kI sazaktatA ke lie sapATa kathAoM meM aneka ghaTanAoM aura vRttAntoM kA saMyojana kiyA gayA, unameM mAnava kI jijIviSA aura saMgharSa ke AghAta-pratyAghAta evaM pragati kI adamya Antarika AkAMkSAoM ke utthAna-patana kA samAveza kiyA gayA; isake atirikta unameM sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika jIvana meM vikRtiyA~ utpanna karanevAlI paristhitiyA~ citrita huIM aura unapara vijaya-prApti ke upAya bhI nirdiSTa hue| pANDitya ke sAtha-sAtha saundaryonmeSa, rasocchala bhAvAvega, prema-vihvalatA aura lAlitya kI bhI prANapratiSThA kI gii| isa prakAra, prAkRta-kathAe~ punarmUlyAMkita hokara AkhyAna-sAhitya ke samArambha kA mUlakalpa banIM aura unakA lakSya huA karmamala se mAnava kI mukti aura jIvana kI udAttatA ke balapara Izvaratva meM usakI carama pariNati yA mokSa kI uplbdhi| isa prakAra, spaSTa hai ki prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kI mUladhArA Agamika kathAoM se udgata hokara samakAlIna vibhinna prAkRtetara kathAoM ko siMcita-samekita karatI huI pandrahavIM-solahavIM zatI taka akhaNDa rUpa se pravAhita hotI rhii| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne ucita hI likhA hai ki Agama-sAhitya prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kI gaMgottarI hai| jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, anuttaraupapAtikadazA Adi aMga tathA rAjapraznIya, kalpikA, kalpAvataMsikA Adi upAMga prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya ke sumeruzikhara haiN| ___ uparyukta UhApoha se yaha niSkarSa sthApita hotA hai ki prAkRta-sAhitya kI vibhinna vidhAoM meM kathA-sAhitya kA Urjasvala mahattva haiN| yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM ki prAkRta-kathAsAhitya ne prAkRta-kAvyoM ko apadastha kiyA hai| isalie ki kathA-sAhitya meM yathArthatA kA jo sAtatya hai, usakA nirvAha kAvya-sAhitya meM prAyaH kama pAyA jAtA hai| hAlA~ki, asvAbhAvika AkasmikatA aura atinATakIyatA se prAcIna prAkRta-kathAsAhitya bhI mukta nahIM hai| yugInatA ke anukUla kathA-sAhitya ke zilpa aura pravRtti meM antara asvAbhAvika nhiiN| ghaTanAoM aura caritroM ke samAnAntara vikAsa kA viniyoga prAkRta-kathAkAra acchI taraha jAnate the| cetanA kI samarasatA

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA aura dhArmika sUtra kI ekatAnatA tathA upamA aura dRSTAntoM kI ekarasa paramparA ke bAvajUda prAkRta-kathAoM kI rocakatA aura ruciratA se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| cetanA ke pravAha ke sAtha caritra ke vikAsa kA pradarzana prAkRta-kathAoM kA eka aisA mUlyavAn pakSa hai ki jisase kathA-sAhitya kA nirmANa-kauzala vikasita huA hai| Agamika prAkRta-kathAsAhitya ke uttara kAla meM aparamparita prAkRta-kathA ke tIna pratinidhi AcArya kUTastha dikhAI par3ate haiM, jinhoMne kathA ke kSetra meM krozazilA kI sthApanA kI hai| inake nAma haiM : vimalasUri, saMghadAsagaNivAcaka aura hribhdr| vimalasUri aura saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ke madhyavartI AcArya pAdaliptasUri kA nAma bhI ullekhya hai, jinhoMne 'taraMgavatI' nAmaka zikharastha kathAgrantha kI racanA kI thii| 'taraMgavatI', rAmAyaNa kI paramparA se svatantra, sarvAdhika prAcIna prAkRta-kAvya hai| yadi isakI mUla pANDulipi sulabha ho jAtI, to tadanujanmA 'vasudevahiNDI' ke adhyayana ko tato'dhika sAMgopAMgatA prApta hotI / taraMgavatI-kathA kA ullekha 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' (jinabhadra), 'anuyogadvArasUtra' (AryarakSita), 'kuvalayamAlA' (udyotanasUri), 'tilakamaMjarI' (dhanapAla) Adi meM kiyA gayA hai| hAla sAtavAhana kI 'gAthAsaptazatI' meM pAdalipta-kRta gAthAoM kA saMkalana pAyA jAtA hai| terahavIM zatI ke prabhAcandra ne, jo AcAryoM evaM kaviyoM ke prasiddha caritralekhaka haiM, apane 'prabhAvakacaritra' meM pAdaliptasUri ke jIvanavRtta para prakAza DAlA hai| pAdaliptasUri vidyAdharakula ke the aura unake guru kA nAma nAgahastI thaa| anumAnataH, 'taraMgavatI' kA racanAkAla san 500 I. se pUrva hai| vIrabhadra ke ziSya nemicandra ne 'taraMgavatI' kA 'taraMgalolA' nAma se saMkSepaNa kiyA hai, jo prakAza meM A cukA hai| yaha eka dhArmika upanyAsa hai aura isakI khyAti lokottara kathA ke rUpa meM atyadhika thii| 'nizIthacUrNi' ke anusAra, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina kI mAnyatA hai ki isake bhASyakAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNI the| naravAhanadatta kI kathA laukika aura taraMgavatI, magadhasenA Adi kI kathAe~ lokottara haiM : "aNegitthIhiM jA kAmakahA, tattha loiyA NaravAhaNadattakahA louttariyA trNgvtiimgdhsennaadiinni| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhA~ti 'taraMgavatI' kI kathA uttamapuruSa meM varNita hai| AryikA taraMgavatI ne rAjagRha kI dharatI para apane jIvana kI, prema, virakti aura dIkSA kI kahAnI svayaM kahI hai / bANabhaTTa kI 'kAdambarI' jisa prakAra nAyikApradhAna kathAkRti hai, usI prakAra 'taraMgavatI' bhii| taraMgavatI ke nAyaka ke viSaya meM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne 'taraMgavatI' kI AlocanA karate hue, bar3I hI saTIka upamA upanyasta kI hai : "taraMgavatI meM nAyaka kA caritra usI prakAra dabA huA hai, jisa prakAra pahAr3I zilA ke nIce madhura srot|" nizcaya hI, jIvana ke tanAvoM aura saMgharSa ke ghAta-pratyAghAtoM ke vinyAsa kI dRSTi se yaha upanyAsa mahatomahIyAn hai / astu; ___ uparyukta prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kI AcAryatrayI meM dUsarI-tIsarI zatI ke AcArya vimalasUri ne vAlmIki paramparA se pracalita rAmakathA ko naI bhaMgimA pradAna karane ke nimitta 'paumacariyaM' kI 1. dra. 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna' : DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina; pra. madhyapradeza zAsana-sAhitya-pariSada, bhopAla, san 1962 I, pR.136 2. uparivat, pR.72 3. saMkSipta taraMgavatI' kI prastAvanA meM uddhRta, pR.7

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prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kA sthAna racanA kI, jisameM racayitA ne mAnava kI Izvaratva - prApti kI kSamatA, yAnI Izvara ke kartRtva kI apekSA unake vyaktitva meM vizvAsa kI bhAvanA para adhika bala diyA hai, sAtha hI mAnavavAda ke samarthana meM vidrohI vicAradhArA ko abhivyakti pradAna kI hai / jJAtavya hai ki pAli, arddhamAgadhI, prAkRta aura apabhraMza-sAhitya meM abhivyakta mAnavavAda kI vidrohI vicAradhArAoM ne bahudhA saMskRta-sAhitya ko bhI punarujjIvita kiyA thA / hindI kI navyAlocanA ke pravartaka AcArya nalinavilocana zarmA' ke kathanAnusAra, zramaNoM kI yaha prAcIna paramparA yA vicAradhArA kAlakrama se mArksavAda se anuprANita hokara pragativAdI hindI - sAhitya kI rIr3ha banI / 'paumacariyaM' meM, mAnavavAda kI vidrohI vicAradhArA yA paramparA kI, utkRSTa sAhityika rUpa meM, zreyaskara pariNati huI hai| kahanA na hogA ki jo sthAyI mahattva kA sAhitya hotA hai, usameM mAnavavAdI vicAradhArA anivAryataH anusyUta rahatI hai| yahA~ prAkRta-sAhitya kI prAcIna pravRtti aura paramparA para, baddhamUla dhAraNAoM ke viparIta, thor3A dRkpAta kara lenA samIcIna hogA / prAkRta aura apabhraMza-sAhitya kI paramparA yathArthatA kI paramparA hai| vedoM meM bhI yama-yamI - saMvAda Adi prasaMgoM meM yathArthatApUrNa sAhityika varNana upalabdha haiN| saMskRta - sAhitya meM bhI AdarzavAditA se kahIM adhika parimANa meM yathArthatA kA tattva samAhita hai / isakA sabase bar3A aura mUlyavAn pramANa hai kAmazAstra kA adhyayana-adhyApana tathA sAhitya meM usakA niHzaMka, nirbhIka aura nirvikAra samAveza / isIlie, AcArya nalinajI ne kahA hai ki pAzcAtya sAhitya meM yathArthatA kA jo tattva unnIsavIM zatI ke prArambha meM, saMghaTita Andolana ke bAda grAhya huA; vaha zatiyoM pUrva prAcIna sAhitya ke lie sAdhAraNa bAta thI / Adhunika hindI tathA hindItara sAhitya meM yathArthatA kI jo dhArA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha prAkRta aura apabhraMza - sAhitya se hI pravAhita hokara AI hai / zramaNoM kI paramparA mAnavavAdI paramparA hai| mAnavavAda meM ativAda ko prAzraya nahIM milatA hai| isIlie, zramaNa- paramparA ke prAkRta - kathAsAhitya ke pAtra mAnavavAdI vicAradhArA ke anusAra ativAdI hokara bhI amaryAdita nahIM haiM / ve atIta ke jJAna aura saMskAra kI sahAyatA se apane vartamAna ko maryAdita karate haiM tathA apanI vivekazakti ke AdhAra para apane atIta aura varttamAna kA sadupayoga karate haiM / kalyANamitra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAnavavAdI darzana kA saMkSepa yahI hai ki manuSya manuSya hai, manuSya-jIvana kI apanI sArthakatA hotI hai / aura, isI sUtra kA mahAbhASya na kevala prAkRta-kathAsAhitya, apitu sampUrNa zramaNa- sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai| AcArya vimalasUri ne 'paumacariyaM' meM paramparAgata rAmakathA kA saMskAra karake use Izvara ke kartRtva kI avadhAraNA ke AveSTana se mukta kiyA hai aura 'pauma ? (padma rAma) ko 'kartA' puruSa kI koTi meM na rakhakara 'karmI' puruSa ke rUpa meM upasthita karate hue mAnavavAdI mUlyoM ko abhivyakti dI hai, isIlie unhoMne rAkSasoM aura vAnaroM ko nRvaMzI batAyA hai| bAli aura sugrIva vAnara-vaMza ke prabhAvazAlI zAsaka the tathA rAvaNa rAkSasa- vaMza kA udAttacaritra zAsaka / pracaNDa parAkramI tathA -- 1. dra. 'sAhitya kA itihAsa-darzana'; pra. bihAra- rASTra bhASA-pariSad, paTanA, san 1960 I., a. 15, pR. 279 2. kauzalyA se utpanna rAma kA mukha padma jaisA thA, isIlie vimalasUri ne yA tatparavarttI apabhraMza- rAmAyaNa ke racayitA svayambhU kavi (7 vIM - 10vIM zatI ke bIca) ne rAma kA paryAyavAcI nAma 'padma' bhI rakhA hai, jisakA prAkRta- apabhraMza rUpa 'pauma' hai|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA apratihata yoddhA hanumAn bhI vAnara-vaMzI the| rAmakathA ke prasaMga meM vidyAdhara- vaMza kA samAveza prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kI maulika viziSTatA kA paricAyaka hai / indra, soma, varuNa ityAdi deva nahIM the, balki vibhinna prAntoM ke mAnava- vaMzI sAmanta the / 8 'paumacariyaM' ke nAyaka rAma aura pratinAyaka rAvaNa ke caritroM ko udAra mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa se saMvalita kiyA gayA hai| rAma aura rAvaNa donoM mAnavavAdI haiN| jIvamAtra ke kaSToM ko miTAnA hI mAnavavAda kA carama lakSya hai| mAnavavAdI ke hRdaya meM sahAnubhUti tathA pIr3itoM ke sAtha samavedanA kI bhAvanA udvelita rahatI hai| vaha sukhI ko adhika sukhI banAne kI apekSA duHkhI ko sukhI banAne ke lie vyagra rahatA hai| vastuta, vAtAvaraNa hI mAnavavAdI ke svabhAva kA nirmANa karatA hai, isalie vaha mAnava-jAti kI sAmAjika yA Arthika vyavasthA ko samunnata karane kI AkAMkSA rakhatA hai / 'paumacariyaM' ke rAma aura rAvaNa, donoM mAnava-jAti kI sarvatomukhI samunnati ke na kevala abhilASI haiM, apitu usake lie kRtaprayatna bhI haiN| caudahavIM zatI ke prasiddha sAhityazAstrI AcArya vizvanAtha ne 'sAhityadarpaNa' meM kAvyaphala kA nirdeza karate hue, 'rAmAdivatpravarttitavyaM na rAvaNAdivat' kahakara rAma ke caritra ko Adarza batAyA hai aura rAvaNa ke durAdarza kI anukRti kA niSedha kiyA hai / nizcaya hI, yaha, vizvanAtha ke kathana para, brAhmaNa- paramparA kI rAmakathA kA prabhAva hai; kintu zramaNa-paramparA ke rAvaNa kA Adarza rUpa to tato'dhika udAtta hai / 'paumacariyaM' kA rAvaNa dharmAtmA, vrataniSTha aura nItinipuNa vyakti hai / vaha paramparAgata rAvaNa kI bhA~ti kAmuka to bilakula hI nahIM hai, tabhI to usane nalakubera kI rAnI uparambhA ke kAma- prastAva ko ThukarA diyA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, usa prastAvikA ko bhI jaghanya kRtya se virata kiyA thaa| sItA kI sundaratA para mohita hokara usane usakA apaharaNa avazya kiyA, parantu usapara balAtkAra kI ceSTA kabhI nahIM kI / varan paradArApaharaNa-rUpa akArya para AtmapazcAttApa karate hue rAvaNa ne sItA se kahA thA : "anantavIrya ke caraNoM meM maiMne vrata liyA hai ki aprasanna paranArI kA maiM niyamena upabhoga nahIM karU~gA / " vaha sItA ko rAma ke pAsa lauTA denA cAhatA thA, kintu usane unheM isa bhaya se nahIM lauTAyA ki loga use kAna samajha leM / usane apane mana meM nizcaya kiyA thA ki yuddha meM rAma-lakSmaNa ko jItakara parama vaibhava ke sAtha sItA ko vApasa karUMgA, isase usakI kIrtti kalaMkita nahIM hogI / nizcaya hI yathArtha kI bhUmi para AdhRta rAvaNa kI yaha mAnavavAdI vicAradhArA usake caritra ko atizaya audAttya pradAna karatI hai / vimalasUri kI, mAnavavAda ke lie anivArya, vidrohI vicAradhArA kA yaha prabala pramANa hai, jo prAkRta - kathAsAhitya kI abhinavatA kI sudRDha mUlabhitti hai / mAnavavAda ke phalasvarUpa prAkRta - kathAsAhitya meM jahA~ eka ora dRSTikoNa meM udAttatA A gaI, vahIM prAcInatA aura zAstrIyatA ke prati pakSapAta kI pravRtti / anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa prAkRta-kathAoM meM ativAda yA yathArthavAda aura maryAdAvAda yA AdarzavAda kA adbhuta samanvaya ho gayA hai / prAkRta-kathAkAra dArzanika yA santa hone ke bAvajUda sahRdaya sAhityakAra bhI the, phalataH unakI abhivyaMjanA-vidhi meM ativAditA kI kaTutA mRdula bana gaI hai aura sataha para dArzanika rUkSatA kI jagaha mAnavatA ubhara AI hai| prAcIna kAla meM mAnavavAdI dArzanika santa racanAkAroM ne dharma ke kaTTarapana se vidroha karake, phira kisI-na-kisI prakAra ke dharma kA hI Azraya 1. gahiyaM vayaM kisoyari! aNantaviriyasya pAyamUlammi / apasannA paramahilA na bhuMjiyavvA mae niyayaM // - paumacariyaM parva 69, gAthA 23

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prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM vasudevahiNDI' kA sthAna liyA hai| jaise, mahAvIra, buddha, kabIra, nAnaka Adi ne yahI kiyA hai| pharka yahI hai ki ina mAnavavAdiyoM ne dharma ke vivecana meM vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa aura svatantra cintana se kAma liyA hai| 'paumacariyaM' meM vimalasUri ne bhI isI vaicArika AyAma ko pallavita kiyA hai| AcArya nalinajI ne apane krozazilA-saMsthApaka grantha 'sAhitya kA itihAsa-darzana' ke 'hindI-sAhitya kI mahAn paramparA' zIrSaka pandrahaveM adhyAya meM 'paramparA' kA bar3A hI prAMjala saiddhAntika vivecana kiyA hai| usI pariprekSya meM yahA~ prAkRta-sAhitya kI kAvyadRSTivAdI paramparA kA vizleSaNa apekSita hai| prAkRta kA kathA-sAhitya bar3A vizAla hai aura zramaNa-paramparA ke kathAlekhakoM ne dharma aura darzana, AcAra aura vicAroM kI kathA ke mAdhyama se, sarasa abhivyaMjanA karane meM cUDAnta kauzala aura vaiduSya kA paricaya diyA hai| Agamika kathA-paramparA yA bhAratIya prAcIna kathA-paramparA ke vikAsa meM unhoMne jo zrama-sAdhanA pradarzita kI hai, vaha eka sAtha vismita aura AhlAdita karatI hai| na kevala prAkRta-kathA kI, apitu samasta kathAsAhitya kI paramparA, prAcIna kAla se Adhunika kAla taka, avicchinna rahate hue bhI kramAgata nahIM hai / kyoMki, kramAgata paramparA kevala carvitacarvaNa yA piSTapeSaNa nahIM huA karatI / kramAgata paramparA ke vizleSaNa-krama meM AcArya nalinajI ne prasiddha pAzcAtya kavirmanASI TI. esa. iliyaTa kA kathana uddhRta kiyA hai : "paramparA kramAgata nahIM ho sakatI, yadi koI isakI AvazyakatA anubhava karatA hai, to use isakI prApti ke lie bahuta parizrama karanA par3atA hai|" prAkRta-kathAkAroM ne kramAgata paramparA kI maulika prakharatA ko naSTa hone se bacAne ke lie use navIna anubhUtiyoM ke sAna para car3hAkara parivartita kiyA hai / paramparA apratihata gativAlI nimnAbhimukha jaladhArA ke samAna hotI hai, sAtha hI usameM kAraNa aura kArya kA sAtatya bhI rahatA hai| kintu prAkRta-kathAlekhakoM ne jaladhArA meM tinake kI taraha asahAya bahane kI apekSA isa dhArA ko apanI vyaktigata pratibhA aura zrama-sAdhanA ke anurUpa, tathA samaya aura paristhiti kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra naI dizA meM mor3a diyA hai / atIta ko svAyatta karane kA prayatna aura use vartamAna ke prakAza meM dekhane kI sUkSmatA--ye donoM hI bAteM prAkRta-kathAkAroM ko, acche artha meM, paramparA se sambaddha karatI haiN| AcArya vimalasUri ne 'paumacariyaM' meM isI vikAsavAdI dRSTi se atIta kI rAmakathA-paramparA ko punarvyAkhyApita karake apanI maulika kAvyapratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| isIlie, unakI isa mahatkRti ko saMskRta kI 'vAlmIkirAmAyaNa' ke samAnAntara prAkRta kA AdikAvya kahA jAtA hai| AcArya vimalasUri (dvitIya-tRtIya zatI) ke paravartI pUrvokta donoM AcAryoM- saMghadAsagaNivAcaka (tRtIya-caturtha zatI) aura haribhadra (AThavIM-navIM zatI) ne bhI apane kathA-sAhitya ke mAdhyama se atIta kI sAMskRtika paramparA kI, samasAmayika sandarbha meM, punarvyAkhyA aura punarmUlyAMkana kiyA hai| . isa prasaMga meM, AcArya haribhadra sUri (san 730-830 I.) kI kAlajayI kathAkRti 'samarAicca- kahA' ('samarAdityakathA') ullekhya hai| yaha kathAkRti nau 'bhavoM' yA paricchedoM meM nibaddha hai| pratyeka bhava kI kathA kisI sthAna, kAla aura kriyA kI bhUmikA meM paryAvaraNa ko parivartita karatI hai| arthAt, eka bhava kI kathA agale bhava kI kathA ke upasthita hone para apane

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10 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vAtAvaraNa, kAla aura sthAna kA parivartana karatI hai| sAmAnyatayA, pratyeka bhava kI kathA svatantra hote hue bhI apanI prabhAvAnviti se agale bhava kI kathA ko AveSTita karatI hai| phira bhI, AsvAda meM ekarasatA nahIM Ane pAI hai, apitu pratyeka bhava kI kathA meM kSaNa-kSaNa navInatA se utpanna ramaNIyatA kI rasAtmaka sphUrti kA AhlAdaka praspandana vidyamAna hai| prAkRta-kathAsAhitya ko ullekhanIya samRddhi pradAna karanevAle, saMghadAsagaNI ke paravattI kathAkAroM meM AcArya haribhadra tathA unake vidvAn ziSya AcArya udyotana sUri (kuvalayamAlAkahA' ke praNetA) pakteiya haiN| bANabhaTTa (sAtavIM zatI kA pUrvArdha) - racita kUTastha saMskRta-kathAsAhitya 'kAdambarI' kI pratikalpatA kI paravattI vikAsa-paramparA haribhadra kI 'samarAiccakahA' meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| ataeva, sampUrNa bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se 'samarAhaccakahA' kA pAryantika mahattva hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI vastu, zilpa aura zailIgata prabhAvAnviti se saMvalita 'samarAiccakahA' bhI saMskRti, samAja, sAhitya evaM jJAna-vijJAna-viSayaka tattvoM kA bRhat koza hai| isIlie paravartI kAla meM haribhadra kI prAkRta-kathAoM se kaI kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA vikAsa huA aura ve aneka kathAkAroM ke kathA-granthoM kA upajIvya bniiN| ___ 'samarAiccakahA' meM, kathAnAyaka samarAditya ko usake pitA dvArA saMsAra meM Asakta banAye rakhane kA prayAsa tathA samarAditya dvArA saMsAra ko chor3a dene kA prayala evaM ina donoM ke bIca honevAlA saMgharSa bar3I mohaka zailI meM varNita hai| kahanA na hogA ki isa kathA kA bIja 'vasudevahiNDI' kI dhammilla-kathA meM surakSita hai, jo kAmakathA hote hue bhI mUlataH dharmakathA meM paryavasita hotI hai| saMghadAsagaNI kI bhA~ti hI haribhadra ne nirvaiyaktika bhAva se durAcArI, cora aura kAmalampaTa vyaktiyoM ke caritroM kA citraNa kara unake caritroM ke prati vikarSaNa utpanna kiyA hai| svayaM kathAnAyaka samarAditya ko mitragoSThI dvArA jAgatika carcA karake viSaya-paMka meM pha~sAne kI pUrI ceSTA kI gaI hai, kintu ThIka isake viparIta samarAditya kA vairAgyabhAva uttarottara dRr3ha hotA gayA hai| bhagavAn buddha ke vairAgya-kAraNoM kI taraha, vRddha, rogI aura mRta ye tIna pradhAna nimitta kumAra samarAditya kI bhI vairAgya-vRddhi meM sahAyaka hote haiN| kula milAkara, haribhadra ne bhI saMghadAsagaNI kI kathAzailI ke samAna hI yaunavRtti kI vyApakatA aura yauna varjanAoM ke vibhinna prabhAvaka aura vyApaka rUpa udbhAvita kiye haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhA~ti 'samarAiccakahA' meM saundarya-cetanA Adyanta parivyApta hai| saundaryacetanA hI saMskRti kA pradhAna aMga hai| zArIrika yA mAnasika zaktiyoM kA pratikSaNa dRr3hIkaraNa yA vikAsa athavA usase utpanna avasthA hI saMskRti hai| vAstava meM, mana, AcAra athavA ruciyoM kA pariSkAra saMskRti hai aura isakA sambandha mUlataH AtmA ke pariSkaraNa se hai| AtmA kA pariSkAra hone para hI udAtta caritra kI pratiSThA sambhava hai| pratyeka vyakti apane AcAra-vyavahAra aura cintana-manana ko sundara tathA surucipUrNa banAne kA upakrama karatA hai| sundara banane kI yaha pravRtti hI saMskRti yA saMskAra hai| AcArya haribhadra ne apanI mahArgha kathAkRti 'samarAiccakahA' ke dvArA AtmA ko susaMskRta banAne ke lie zAzvata siddhAntoM aura niyamoM kI vivecanA kI hai| isa prakAra, isa yugacetA kathAkAra ne madhyakAlIna dalita aura patita samAja ke abhyutthAna ke lie sAMskRtika jAgaraNa kA zaMkhanAda kiyA hai|

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prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kA sthAna haribhadra ke pUrvavartI aura vimalasUri ke paravattI prAkRta-kathAlekhaka saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne apanI pAryantika kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM na kevala Agamika kathA-paramparA aura na vimalasari kI kathApaddhati ko hI AtmasAt kiyA hai, apitu guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' ko svAyatta karake, zramaNa-paramparA ke pariprekSya meM, usakA navyodbhAvana kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kI maNimAlA kA alaMghya sumeru hai, jo apanI viziSTa zailI aura zilpa se prAMjala prAkRtagadya kI kathA-racanAoM meM utkRSTa sImA kA nirdhAraNa karatI hai aura jisakI rocaka tathA jJAnonmeSaka, vismitijanaka tathA cittAhlAdaka kathAe~ paravartI kathA-sAhitya meM vividha bhaMgimAoM ke sAtha rUpAntarita aura prativivartita huI haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM antaHkathAoM yA avAntara kathAoM ke rUpa meM prApya nijandharI kathAe~ to paravartI prAkRta-kathAgranthoM meM yatra-tatra mUla tathA paryAya-rUpoM meM bikharI par3I haiN| guNAva kI ApAtaramaNIya 'bRhatkathA' kA anukaraNa paravartI samagra bhAratIya sAhitya meM, vipula parimANa meM aura vyApaka rUpa se huA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vibhinna sampradAyoM ke kathAlekhakoM kI sahaja pravRtti apane siddhAntoM ko manoraMjaka zailI meM kathAoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta karane kI rahI hai| kathA-zailI ke atirikta manoraMjana kI aura koI dUsarI zailI upayukta bhI nahIM ho sktii| vedottara yA Agamottara kAla meM guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' se bar3hakara adbhuta aura apUrva dUsarI koI kathAvastu nahIM milatI / ataeva, zramaNa-paramparA ke prAkRta aura saMskRta kathAkAra yA brAhmaNa-paramparA ke saMskRta-kathAkAra, sabane samAna rUpa se 'bRhatkathA' ke kathAnaka ko, apanI vyaktigata pratibhA aura zrama-sAdhanA tathA racanA-prakriyA ke dvArA sAmpradAyika cetanA yA yugAnukUlatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue, pallavita kiyA, aura isa prakAra 'bRhatkathA' kI paramparA avicchinna rUpa se vikAsa pAtI rhii| DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne kathAkAroM kI isa pravRtti ko 'lokavRtti' kI saMjJA dI hai aura kahA hai ki yaha lokavRtti kevala saMghadAsagaNivAcaka kI mahatkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM hI nahIM milatI, apitu jinasena ne 'harivaMzapurANa', hemacandra ne 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' tathA guNabhadra ne 'uttarapurANa' aura puSpadanta ne 'mahApurANa' meM 'bRhatkathA' kI paramparA kA svatantra rUpa se anusaraNa kara isI manovRtti kA paricaya diyA hai| jo ho, ukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai, 'bRhatkathA' kI kathA sArvabhauma mahattva ko svAyatta karatA hai| ___ 'bRhatkathA' kI kathA-vibhUti kI prabhA se navyodbhAvita 'vasudevahiNDI' prAkRta aura saMskRta kI aneka kathAoM kA AdhAradarza hai / prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kA maulimukuTa 'vasudevahiNDI' na kevala uttarakAlIna AkhyAyikAoM ke lie preraNAsrota hai, apitu samasta bhAratIya yAtrAvRttAnta-sAhitya kI hI AdhArazilA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' na kevala prAkRta-kathAsAhitya ke lie, varaMca sampUrNa kathA-vAGmaya ke lie gauravagrantha hai| kyoMki, isameM vaisI bhAratIya sabhyatA citrita huI hai, jisake antaraMga meM vartamAna Abhyantara cetanA aura saMskRti bhI parilakSita hotI hai| saca pUchie, to 'vasudevahiNDI' bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA hai, jisameM na kevala bhArata kI, apitu bRhattara bhArata kI udAttatama jIvana-cetanA mUrta ho uThI hai| 1. pariSad-patrikA',janavarI, 1978 I, pR.46

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___bhAratIya sabhyatA ke itihAsa ke jisa yuga meM isa deza kI viziSTa saMskRti sabase adhika abhivyakta huI thI, usI yuga meM saMghadAsagaNivAcaka vartamAna the| vaha kAlidAsa kI taraha bhAratIya itihAsa ke svarNayuga ke kathAkAra kavi the| kAlidAsa, vikrama ke samasAmayika the yA guptoM ke, yaha isalie vizeSa mahattvapUrNa vivAda kA viSaya nahIM hai; kyoMki vikrama se guptoM taka kA samaya (na ki kevala guptoM kA, jaisA sAdhAraNataH itihAsakAra mAnate haiM) bhAratIya itihAsa kA svarNayuga thaa| isa yuga kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti sAhitya meM hI nahIM, apitu lalita, vAstu aura sthApatya Adi vibhinna kalAoM meM paripUrNatA ke sAtha vyakta huI haiN| saMghadAsagaNivAcaka isa yuga ke zreSTha kavi the aura unhoMne samaya kI bAhya vAstavikatA, arthAt sabhyatA kA citraNa to kiyA hI hai, sAtha-hI-sAtha usakI antaraMga cetanA kA bhI, jise hama saMskRti kaha sakate haiM, manohArI samAhAra prastuta kiyA hai| saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne apanI kAlajayI kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhArata kI jisa Abhyantara cetanA yA adhyAtmabhAvanA kA citraNa kiyA hai, usameM pravRttiyoM kA samanvaya abhISTa rahA hai, aura kisI bhI dazA meM vaha niSedhamUlaka nahIM hai| na ki kevala aneka jAtiyoM ke sammizraNa Adi ke kAraNa, apitu aniSedhamUlakatA ke artha meM hI bhAratIya saMskRti samanvayAtmaka hai, jo kisI bhI deza kI sabhyatA kA anivArya tathya hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne yaduvaMziyoM ko isI sAMskRtika Adarza ke pratIka ke rUpa meM dekhA hai| dharmazAstroM meM bAra-bAra udghoSita puruSArthacatuSTaya ke AyattIkaraNa ke nimitta sadAceSTa yaduvaMziyoM kI Adarza pratIka kathA ke mAdhyama se mAnava-jIvana ke mUlyoM ke viSaya meM 'vasudevahiNDI' apanA viziSTa dRSTikoNa upasthita karatI hai, isalie yaha mAnava-saMskRti kI atizaya udAtta aura advitIya lalita kathA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kA mahAmahima mahArNava hai|

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adhyayana:1 'vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa saMghadAsagaNivAcaka bhAratavarSa ke pramukha gadyakAroM meM anyatama haiN| unakI ullekhanIya gadyAtmaka kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' kI upalabdhi isalie mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai ki isase 'bRhatkathA' ke ajJAta mUla svarUpa para prakAza par3atA hai / yaha sunizcita hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne jo 'vasudevahiNDI' likhI, usameM unhoMne guNAva kI 'bRhatkathA' ko hI AdhAra banAyA hai| sudurlabha kathAzakti se sampanna 'itivRttakathaka' hone ke nAte unhoMne apanI sAhityika pratibhA, kalA-cetanA aura sArasvata zrama ke viniyoga dvArA 'vasudevahiNDI' ke zilpa-sandhAna aura antaraMga pratimAna meM aneka parivartana kiye, jisase ki 'bRhatkathA' se udgata mUlasrota ko, naI dizA kI ora mur3akara svatantra kathAdhArA ke rUpa meM saMjJita hone kA avasara milaa| ___ 'bRhatkathA' vizuddha laukika kAmakathA thI, kintu saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ko dharmakathA aura laukika kAmakathA ke mizrita rUpa meM upasthita kiyaa| saMghadAsagaNI, cU~ki jainAmnAya ke niSNAta AcArya the, isalie Agrahavaza unhoMne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM jainadharma aura darzana kI prabhAvanA karanevAle aneka prasaMgoM kA AsaMga bhI jor3a diyA; parantu mUlakathA ke sAtha unakI ThIka-ThIka bunAvaTa nahIM ho pAI aura kathA kI zilpa-saMghaTanA bhI anAvazyaka bojhila ho gaI, phalataH vaise sthaloM para zilparacanA-sambandhI unakI dRSTi udAra nahIM raha skii| hAlA~ki, isase 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mahAkAvyAtmaka aupanyAsika bhavyatA meM kamI nahIM AI hai| yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki pAThaka una dharmadarzanagUDha aMzoM ko chor3akara mUlakathA kI dhArA ke sAtha apane ko jor3a le| 'vasudevahiNDI' ko guNAnna kI 'bRhatkathA' kA jaina rUpAntara mAnanevAle DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne aisA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne ahamadAbAda ke lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRtividyAmandira se prakAzita apane, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke, a~garejI-saMskaraNa ('vasudevahiNDI : en oNtheNTika jaina varsana oNva da bRhatkathA') meM darzana-granthila prasaMgoM ko chor3akara kevala mUlakathA kAanuvAda upasthita karake sAmAnya kathApAThakoM ko anarthaka bauddhika zrama se bacA liyA hai / astu: kathAmarmajJa saMghadAsagaNI ne 'bRhatkathA' kI maulikatA meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kI maulikatA ko visarjita nahIM hone diyA hai| unhoMne 'bRhatkathA' kI laukika kAmakathA ko dharmakathA aura lokakathA meM parivartita to kiyA hI, kathAnAyaka ko badalakara sabase adhika mahattva kA parivartana kiyaa| paizAcI-nibaddha guNAnca kI 'bRhatkathA' ('baDDakahA') meM vatsarAja udayana ke putra naravAhanadatta kathAnAyaka haiM, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne andhakavRSNi-vaMza ke prasiddha mahApuruSa vasudeva ko kathAnAyaka kI garimA pradAna kii| guNAba kI 'bRhatkathA' kevala prAkRta-kathA 'vasudevahiNDI' kA hI mUlAdhAra nahIM hai, apitu 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' (budhasvAmI), 'kathAsaritsAgara' (somadeva) aura 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' (kSemendra) kA bhI AdhAropajIvya hai| isIlie, somadeva ne 'bRhatkathA' ko vividha kathAoM ke

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14 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA amRta kA AgAra kahA hai| paizAcI bhASA meM nibaddha 'bRhatkathA' kI racanA guNAya ne AndharAjA hAla sAtavAhanake samaya, I. pU. prathamazatI meM kI thii| isakI carcA I. pU. prathamazatI ke kavi kAlidAsane bhI udayanakathA (megha 1.30) ke nAma se kI hai| sAtha hI, 'hitvA hAlAmabhimatarasAm' (1.49) ke dvArA unhoMne hAla sAtavAhana kI rAjaparamparA kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai| AndhrasAtavAhana-yuga meM jala-sthala-mArgoM para aneka sArthavAha, potAdhipati evaM sAMyAtrika vyApArI aharniza yAtrA karate the| lambI yAtrA ke krama meM manovinoda ke lie aneka kahAniyoM kI racanA asvAbhAvika nahIM thI, jinameM una yAtriyoM ke deza-dezAntara-bhramaNa se utpanna anubhavoM kA sAra saMkalita kiyA jAtA thaa| sampUrNa bhArata ke sthala-bhAga para jaMgaloM, pahAr3oM, nagaroM aura gA~voM meM unake zakaTa daur3atereMgate rahate the| usI prakAra, jala-bhAga para unake pravahaNa (jahAja) tIvra gati se chUTate the| DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne kahA hai ki sAtavAhana-narezoM kI mudrAoM para aMkita jalayAnoM ke citra usa kAla ke sAmudrika vyApAra aura dvIpAntara-sanniveza kI sUcanA dete haiN| unhIM ke prayaloM se bRhattara bhArata kA vaha rUpa sampanna ho pAyA, jise 'matsyapurANa' ke lekhaka ne bAraha dvIpoM aura gyAraha pattanoM se nirmita 'nArAyaNa-mahArNava' kahakara praNAma kiyA hai : "dvAdazArkamayo dvIpo rudaikaadshpttnH|" (matsyapurANa, 248 . 22-26) vilakSaNa pratibhA se sampanna kathAkAra guNAya ne unhIM udyamI sArthoM aura nauyAtriyoM ke rocaka raMjaka anubhavoM ko 'bRhatkathA' ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyaa| 'bRhatkathA' kI uttarakAlIna vAcanAoM 'vasudevahiNDI', 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', 'kathAsaritsAgara' aura 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' se yaha sUcanA milatI hai ki guNADhya ke vistRta bhaugolika kSitija meM pUrvI aura pazcimI samudroM ke Ara-pAra ke bhUkhaNDoM kI aneka manoraMjaka kathAe~ sammilita thiiN| isI sandarbha meM DaoN. agravAla ne yaha niSkarSa upasthita kiyA hai ki 'bRhatkathA' ke rUpa meM guNAtya ne jo sAhityika satra vikramIya prathama zatI ke lagabhaga Arambha kiyA thA, vaha prAcIna va maya kA sahasrasaMvatsarIya satra bana gayA, jisameM saMskRta-prAkRta ke kaI pratibhAzAlI manISI racayitAoM ne bhAga liyaa| saMghadAsagaNivAcaka kI 'vasudevahiNDI' 'bRhatkathA' ke vikAsa kI pahalI kar3I hai aura somadeva kA 'kathAsaritsAgara' antima kdd'ii| DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', somadeva ke 'kathAsaritsAgara', kSemendra kI 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI', dharmasenagaNimahattara ke 'majjhimakhaNDa' tathA saMskRtaprAkRta-apabhraMza meM likhita anyAnya jainakathA-granthoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para isa niSkarSa kI sthApanA kI hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' guNADhya kI anupalabdha sarvottama kRti 'bRhatkathA' kA prAmANika jaina rUpAntara hai, jisakI carcA unhoMne pUrvokta 'vasudevahiNDI' ke a~garejI-saMskaraNa / meM vistAra se kI hai| 1.nAnAkathAmRtamayasya bRhatkathAyAH sArasya sajjanamanombudhipUrNacandraH / somena vipravarabhUriguNAbhirAma mAtmajena vihitaH khalu saGgraho'yam // (kathAsaritsAgara kI antima prazasti) 2.vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'saMskRta-sukavi-samIkSA' : AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, pR.86 tathA 'meghadUtaH . eka anucintana' : DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva, mukhabandha, pR.18 3. samazlokI hindI-anuvAda-sahita 'kathAsaritsAgara (prathama khaNDa) kI bhUmikA, pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSada, paTanA-4,pR.5

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vasudevahiNDI kA mota aura svarUpa 'vasudevahiNDI' ke svarUpa ke yathArtha paricaya ke lie usakI pRSThabhUmi meM 'bRhatkathA' aura usakI uttarakAlIna vAcanAoM ke viSaya meM yahA~ vizada rUpa se prakAza DAlanA samIcIna hogaa| udyotanasUri ( san 779 I.) dvArA viracita 'kuvalayamAlAkahA' ke Arambha meM 'baDDakahA' ('bRhatkathA') ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai : sayala-kalAgama-NilayA sikkhAviya-kaiyaNassa muhyNdaa| kamalAsaNo guNaDo sarassaI jassa baddhakahA // (kuvalayamAlA : pR.3, gAthA 22) 'bRhatkathA' kyA hai, sAkSAt sarasvatI hai| guNADhya svayaM brahmA hai| yaha 'bRhatkathA' sakala kalAoM kA AgAra hai| kavijana ise par3hakara zikSita banate haiN| udyotanasUri. se lagabhaga Der3ha sau varSa pUrva mahAkavi bANa (sAtavIM zatI kA pUrvArdha) ne 'bRhatkathA' kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA thA : samuddIpitakandarpA kRtagaurIprasAdhanA / haralIleva lokasya vismayAya bRhatkathA / (harSacarita : maMgalAcaraNa : zlo. 17) isa zloka meM prayukta 'samuddIpitakandarpA' vizeSaNa se yaha spasTa hai ki bANa ke samaya taka 'bRhatkathA' kAmakathA ke rUpa meM hI paricita thii| vahI usakA mUla rUpa thaa| 'kRtagaurIprasAdhanA' vizeSaNa se sUcita hotA hai ki 'bRhatkathA' kA Arambhika pATha ziva-pArvatI-saMvAda ke rUpa meM thaa| arthAt, pArvatI ne zivajI se kathA sunAne kI prArthanA kI aura pArvatI kI prasannatA ke liezivajI ne jo kathA sunAI, vahI 'bRhatkathA' huii| isI kathA-prasaMga ko somadeva ne 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke prathama lambaka meM isa prakAra upanyasta kiyA hai : himAlaya ke uttarI zikhara, kailAsa para sukhAsIna pArvatI ne ziva se koI navIna kathA sunAne kA Agraha kiyaa| taba, ziva ne pArvatI ke palI banane kI pUrvajanma kI kathA sunaaii| isapara pArvatI kruddha ho uThI aura ziva ko 'dhUrta' kahate hue unheM hRdya (manohara) kathA nahIM sunAne kA upAlambha diyaa| pArvatI ke vyaMgya-vacana sunakara ziva ne unakI prArthanA svIkAra kara lI aura divya kathA sunAne kA vacana diyaa| isase pArvatI prasanna ho giiN| ziva ko, kathA kahane ke lie udyata dekhakara pArvatI ne svayaM AjJA dI ki kathA ke samaya yahA~ koI anya vyakti praveza na kare / nandI pravezadvAra para paharA dene lagA aura ziva ne kathA prArambha karate hue kahA : "devatA sadA sukhI rahate haiM aura manuSya sadA duHkhii| isalie, unake carita manohara nahIM hote| ataH, maiM divya aura mAnuSa (sukha aura duHkha) donoM prakRtiyoM se mizrita vidyAdharoM kA carita tumheM sunAtA huuN|" ziva yaha kaha hI rahe the ki usI samaya unakA kRpApAtra gaNa puSpadanta A gyaa| kintu, dvAra para baiThe nandI ne use bhItara jAne se roka diyaa| 1.isI kathA ko kSemendra ne bhI 'bahatkathAmaMjarI' ke 'kathApITha' meM prAyaH yathAvata upanyasta kiyA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___ antaraMga vyakti ke bhI niSedha kiye jAne ke kAraNa puSpadanta ko kutUhala huA aura vaha yogazakti se zIghra hI bhItara calA gayA aura vahA~ usane ziva dvArA varNana kiye jAte hue sAta vidyAdharoM ke adbhuta carita sune / usane una sAtoM vidyAdharoM kI kathA apanI patnI jayA se kahI aura jayA ne use punaH pArvatI ko jA sunaayaa| taba, pArvatI ne ruSTa hokara ziva se kahA : "Apane koI apUrva kathA mujhe nahIM sunAI, isa kathA ko to jayA bhI jAnatI hai|" ziva ne samAdhi dvArA vastusthiti samajha lii| unhoMne puSpadanta ko abhizApa diyA aura usakI ora se kSamA mA~ganevAle mAlyavAn ko bhI zApa diyaa| zApavaza donoM manuSya-yoni meM utpanna hue| kintu, donoM gaNoM aura jayA ke prArthanA karane para pArvatI ne zApAnta kI ghoSaNA isa prakAra kI : "kubera ke zApa se vindhyAraNya meM pizAca banakara rahanevAlA supratIka nAma kA yakSa kANabhUti ke nAma se prasiddha hai| he puSpadanta ! jaba tuma usa kANabhUti ko dekhakara apane pUrvajanma kA smaraNa karoge aura yaha kathA use sunAoge, taba zApa se mukta ho jaaoge| aura, mAlyavAn jaba kANabhUti se isa kathA ko sunakara use prasArita karegA, taba kANabhUti ke sAtha vaha bhI mukta ho jaaygaa|" ___kucha samaya bItane para karuNAIhRdayA pArvatI ne ziva se abhizaptoM kI sthiti ke sambandha meM pUchA, to unhoMne batAyA ki puSpadanta kauzAmbI meM vararuci ke nAma se utpanna huA hai aura mAlyavAn ne supratiSThita nagara meM guNADhya nAma se janma liyA hai| vindhyATavI meM kANabhUti ko dekhakara vararuci ko jAtismaraNa ho AyA aura vaha kANabhUti ko sAtoM vidyAdharoM kI divya kathA sunAkara zApamukta ho gyaa| kintu, khinnahRdaya mAlyavAn martyazarIra meM guNAnya nAma se vikhyAta hokara, vana meM bhaTaka rahA thA aura pratijJAnusAra saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza ina tInoM bhASAoM ko chor3a paizAcI bhASA kA prayoga karatA thA tathA rAjA sAtavAhana kI sevA se svayaM alaga hokara vindhyavAsinI bhagavatI ke darzana ke nimitta vindhyavana meM A basA thaa| vindhyavAsinI kI kRpA se usane vindhyAraNya meM kANabhUti ko dekhaa| kANabhUti ko dekhate hI guNADhya ko bhI pUrvajAti kA smaraNa ho aayaa| paizAcI bhASA meM apanA nAma sunAkara guNADhya kANabhUti se bolA : "puSpadanta se sunI huI usa divya kathA ko zIghra sunAo, tAki hama eka sAtha zApamukta ho jaayeN|" kANabhUti ke Agraha karane para muNAya ne pahale apanA jIvana-vRttAnta sunAyA ki vaha pratiSThAna deza ke supratiSThita nagara ke somazarmA brAhmaNa kI avivAhitA putrI zrutArthA ke, nAmarAja vAsuki ke bhAI ke putra kumAra kIrtisena dvArA pratiSThApita garbha se utpanna huaa| usake utpanna hote hI AkAzavANI huI ki yaha guNADhya nAma kA brAhmaNa ziva ke gaNa kA avatAra hai| - guNAnya dakSiNadeza meM samasta vidyAoM ko prApta karake prasiddha vidvAn huA aura apane vidyAguNoM ke pradarzana kI AkAMkSA se svadeza lauTA aura supratiSThita nagara ke rAjA sAtavAhana kA mantrI bana gyaa| mantrI-pada para niyukta hone ke bAda vahA~ vivAha karake vaha ziSyoM ko par3hAte hue Ananda ke sAtha rahane lgaa|

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa dIpaka nAma ke prasiddha parAkramI rAjA ne 'sAta' nAmaka yakSa se rakSita eka bAlaka prApta kiyA, usI kA nAma sAtavAhana rakhA gayA aura vahI Age calakara sArvabhauma rAjA huaa| eka bAra vasantotsava ke samaya rAjA sAtavAhana rAniyoM ke sAtha jalakrIr3A kara rahA thaa| pAnI ke chIMToM kI bauchAra karatI huI, stanabhAra se klAnta eka sukumAra rAnI rAjA se bolI : "mujhe pAnI se mata (modakaiH: : = mA + udakaiH) maaro|" rAjA vyAkaraNa se anabhijJa thA / 'modakaiH' kA sandhi-viccheda na kara pAne ke kAraNa usane rAnI ke lie bahuta-se laDDU ma~gavAye / isapara zabdazAstrajJa rAnI ne rAjA at mUrkha kahA aura aneka prakAra se phaTakArA bhI / rAjA lajjita hokara cintA meM par3a gayA'pANDitya kI zaraNa meM jAU~ yA mRtyu kI ?' 17 guNADhya ne rAjA sAtavAhana ko chaha varSoM meM vyAkaraNa sikhA dene kA AzvAsana diyA, kintu rAjA ke anya mantrI zarvavarmA ne IrSyAvaza chaha mahInoM meM hI vyAkaraNa sikhAne kI bAta rAjA se kahI / isa anahonI bAta ko sunakara guNADhya ne krodha meM Akara zarvavarmA se kahA : "yadi tuma chaha mahIne meM rAjA ko vyAkaraNa sikhA doge, to maiM saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza, ina tInoM manuSya-bhASAoM ko sadA ke lie chor3a dU~gA / " zarvavarmA ke par3hAne para paramAtmA kI kRpA se chaha mahInoM meM hI rAjA ko sabhI vidyAe~ svayaM prApta ho giiN| rAjA ne zarvavarmA kI rAjaratnoM se gurupUjA kii| pratijJAnusAra, jaisA pahale kahA gayA, guNADhya tInoM manuSya bhASAoM ko chor3a dene ke kAraNa mauna rahane lagA / kintu maunI hone ke kAraNa vaha rAjakArya tathA sAMsArika vyavahAroM se pRthak rahane lagA aura na cAhate hue bhI rAjA se AjJA lekara do ziSyoM ke sAtha usa nagara se nikalA aura vindhyavAsinI devI ke darzana ke nimitta vindhyATavI meM praviSTa huaa| vahA~ guNADhya ne pizAcoM ke paraspara vArttAlApa ko sunakara paizAcI bhASA sIkhI, jo saMskRta, prAkRta tathA lokabhASA (apabhraMza) se vilakSaNa cauthI bhASA thI / guNADhya ne mauna tyAga kara paizAcI bolanA prArambha kiyA / janma-vRttAnta sunane ke bAda, guNADhya ke anurodha para, kANabhUti ne use paizAcI bhASA meM. sAta kathAoMvAlI divyakathA kaha sunAI, jo usane puSpadanta (vararuci) se sunI thii| vidyAdharoM dvArA haraNa ye jAne ke bhaya se guNADhya ne usa kathA ko sAta varSoM meM, sAta lAkha chandoM meM, ghora jaMgala meM syAhI aura kAgaja na milane ke kAraNa apane rakta se patte para ' likhaa| anta meM, pArvatI ke AjJAnusAra guNA ne usa divyakathA ke pRthvI para prasAra ke nimitta apane do ziSyoM - guNadeva aura nandideva se kahA aura unheM kathA-pustaka sauMpakara rAjA sAtavAhana ke pAsa bheja diyaa| ziSyoM ne rAjA sAtavAhana ke pAsa jAkara guNADhya kA vaha uttama kAvya use dikhalAyA / pizAcAkAra guNADhya ke ziSyoM aura pizAca- bhASA meM rakta se likhe usa kAvya ko dekhakara rAjA sAtavAhana ne unheM dhikkaaraa| rAjA se prApta dhikkAra kI bAta ziSyoM se sunakara guNADhya ko atyanta kheda huA / usane ziSyoM ke sAtha samIpavartI parvata para jAkara eka agnikuNDa taiyAra 1. sAta lAkha zlokoM ko apane rakta se likhanA sambhava nahIM pratIta hotA, ataH AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI kA yaha anumAna sahI hai ki "kAgaja kA kAma sUkhe camar3oM se liyA gayA aura syAhI kA kAma pazuoM ke rakta se| pizAcoM kI bastI meM aura mila hI kyA sakatA thaa|" (dra. 'hindI-sAhitya kA AdikAla', dvi. saM., san 1957 I., tRtIya vyAkhyAna, pR. 60 )

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18 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kiyA aura apanI usa 'bRhatkathA' ke eka-eka patra ko par3hakara usameM jalAnA zurU kiyaa| mRga-pakSI use sunate aura donoM ziSya azrupUrNa A~khoM se guNADhya ko dekhate the| ziSyoM ke anurodha se 'naravAhanadattacarita' nAmaka eka bhAga ko guNAya ne bacA liyA, jo eka lAkha zlokoM meM thA / jisa samaya guNADhya usa divyakathA ke eka-eka patra ko par3hakara jalA rahA thA, usa samaya jaMgala ke sabhI pazu - hirana, sUara bhaiMse Adi jhuNDa meM nizcala hokara aura caranA chor3akara A~sU bahate hue kathA ko suna rahe the / isI bIca rAjA sAtavAhana asvastha ho gyaa| vaidyoM ne batAyA, sUkhA mAMsa khAne ke kAraNa rAjA asvastha ho gayA hai| rasoiyoM se pUchatAcha kI gaI, to unhoMne batAyA ki parvata ke zikhara para koI brAhmaNa eka-eka patra par3hakara agni meM jhoMka rahA hai, isalie jaMgala ke samasta prANI ekatra hokara, nirAhAra rahakara use sunate haiM / ve kahIM carane ke lie nahIM jAte, isIlie unakA mAMsa sUkha gayA hai / rAjA kautUhalavaza guNADhya ke pAsa gayA aura pazu-pakSiyoM ke bIca baiThe use pahacAnakara namaskAra kiyaa| phira, guNADhya dvArA 'bRhatkathA' kA vRttAnta sunakara aura guNADhaya ko mAlyavAn nAmaka zivagaNa kA avatAra jAnakara rAjA usake pairoM para gira par3A aura ziva ke mukha se nikalI vaha divyakathA usase maaNgii| taba, guNADhya ne rAjA sAtavAhana se kahA ki "chaha lAkha zlokoM meM likhI chaha kathAe~ maiMne jalA diiN| eka lAkha zloka kI eka kathA bacI hai, ise le lo| mere donoM ziSya (guNadeva aura nandideva) isa kathA ke vyAkhyAtA hoNge|" aisA kahakara aura yoga-samAdhi dvArA apane mAnava-zarIra kA tyAga kara zApamukta guNADhya ne apane pUrva (mAlyavAn) pada ko prApta kiyA / rAjA sAtavAhana ne guNADhya ke donoM ziSyoM kI sahAyatA se usa kathA ke pracAra ke lie usakA dezabhASA (apabhraMza yA AndhrabhASA = telugu = prAk draviDa ) meM anuvAda karAyA aura kathApITha (kathA ke paricayAtmaka bhAga) kI bhI racanA kI / ' vicitra rasoM se paripUrNa evaM devakathAoM ko bhulA denevAlI yaha kathA, supratiSThita nagara meM nirantara pracArita hotI huI kramaza: sAre bhUmaNDala meM prasiddha ho gii| 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke prathama lambaka ke yathAprastuta kathApITha se yaha bhI AbhAsa milatA hai ki ziva-pArvatI-saMvAdamUlaka 'bRhatkathA' kI telugu (prAk - draviDa) - nibaddha koI Andhra - prati bhI rahI hogI, jise rAjA sAtavAhana ne pracAra ke nimitta apanI dezabhASA meM rUpAntarita karAyA thA aura jo bAda meM samasta bhUmaNDala meM prasiddha huI thii| isa anumAna kI pratyakSasiddhi 'bRhatkathA' ke adhItiyoM ke zodha prayAsa kA uttarakalpa hai| sAtha hI, 'bRhatkathA' ke naye bhASika AyAma kI upalabdhi ke sandarbha meM telugu (prAk - draviDa) aura paizAcI ke tulanAtmaka bhASAvaijJAnika adhyayana kI AvazyakatA bhI apekSita hai| kannar3a aura paizAcI kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana to sphuTa rUpa se huA bhI hai| 3 astu; 1. tadbhASayAvatAraM vaktuM cakre kathApITham / - kathAsaritsAgara, 1.37 2. yahI kahAnI 'naipAla-mAhAtmya' (a. 27-29) meM thor3I bhinnatA ke sAtha milatI hai| 3. dra. 'sambodhi' (traimAsika), apraila-julAI, 1977 I., lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti-vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa kahanA na hogA ki 'bRhatkathA' ne saMskRta-prAkRta-zAkhA kI (I.pU.prathama zatI ke kAlidAsa se bArahavIM zatI ke hemacandra taka) vidvanmaNDalI ko samAna rUpa se udgrIva kiyA hai| prAcIna bhArata kI laukika kathAoM kA Akara-grantha 'bRhatkathA' ujjayinInareza vatsarAja udayana aura unake parAkramI putra naravAhanadatta ke jIvanavRtta kI manorama kathA hai| kAlidAsa ne apane pAryantika kAvyagrantha 'meghadUta' ke pUrvamegha ke tIsaveM zloka meM udayanakathA ('prApyAvantImudayanakathAkovidagrAmavRddhAn') kI carcA kI hai| mallinAtha ke pUrvavartI TIkAkAra vallabhadeva ne 'udayanakathA' kI TIkA karate hue likhA hai : 'udayanakathA bRhatkathA vatsarAjavRttAntaH / spaSTa hai ki kAlidAsa ke samaya avantI meM 'bRhatkathA' bahucarcita thI, jise grAmavRddha bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha prastuta karate the| paMcama-SaSTha zataka ke prasiddha kathAlekhaka evaM nATyakAra subandhu ne apanI 'vAsavadattA' nAma kI kathAkRti meM 'bRhatkathA' ko 'lamboM' se yukta kahA hai : 'bRhatkathAlambairiva zAlabhaJjikAnivahaiH / ' arthAta, bRhatkathA ke lamboM yA sargoM meM zAlabhaMjikA yA striyoM kI kathAe~ thiiN| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki kisI bhI bRhatkathA kI lambabaddhatA kI paramparA subandhu ke samaya meM hI lambaka' zabda se prayukta hone lagI thI, jise subandhu ke paravartI kSemendra ne 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' meM aura somadeva ne 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM apnaayaa| ___kAvyAdarzakAra daNDI (saptama zatI) ne bhUtabhASAnibaddha 'bRhatkathA' ko adbhuta arthavAlI kahA hai : kathA hi sarvabhASAbhi: saMskRtena ca badhyate / bhUtabhASAmayIM prAhuradbhutArthA bRhatkathAm ||(kaavyaadrsh : 1.38) ___ mAlavarAja muMja kA sabhAsada dazarUpakakAra dhanaMjaya (navama-dazama zatI) ne rAmAyaNa Adi ke sAtha vicitrakathAoMvAlI 'bRhatkathA' kI carcA kI hai : ityAdyazeSamiha vastuvibhedajAtaM rAmAyaNAdi ca vibhAvya bRhatkathAM ca / AsUtrayettadanu netRrasAnuguNyAccitrAM kathAmucitacAruvacaHprapaJcaiH // dhanaMjaya ke bhAI, dazarUpaka kI 'avalokavRtti' nAmaka TIkA ke kartA dhanika ne vizAkhadatta (paMcama-SaSTha zataka) kI prasiddha nATyakRti 'mudrArAkSasa' ko 'bRhatkathA' para AdhRta batalAyA hai : "tatra bRhatkathAmUlaM mudraaraaksssm|" pro. bhogIlAla jayacanda bhAI sANDesarA ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke gujarAtI meM anUdita saMskaraNa kI apanI bhUmikA meM, SaSTha zataka ke dakSiNa hinda ke eka tAmrapatra tathA navama zatI ke eka kamboDiyA-zilAbhilekha meM 'bRhatkathA' ke AdarapUrvaka ullekha hone kI carcA kI hai| AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya ke anusAra, trivikramabhaTTa (dazama zatI kA Arambha) aura govarddhanAcArya (12vIM zatI) ne 'bRhatkathA' kA prazaMsApUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| 1. dra. meghadUta : eka anucintana' : DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, paTanA, pR. 240 2. 'saMskRta-sukavi-samIkSA', pUrvavat, caukhambA-saM, pR. 240

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'tilakamaMjarI' ke karttA dhanapAla (11vIM zatI) ne 'bRhatkathA' kI upamA samudra se dI hai, jisakI eka-eka bU~da se anya kitanI hI kathAoM kI racanA huii| usake Age kI anya kathAe~ kanthA (katharI) ke samAna haiM : 20 satyaM bRhatkathAmbhodherbindumAdAya saMskRtAH / tenetarakathAkanthAH pratibhAnti tadagrataH // AcArya hemacandra ne bhI 'svopajJavRtti' meM kathAoM ke bheda batalAte hue 'bRhatkathA' kA ullekha kiyA hai : "lambhAGkitAdbhutArthA naravAhanadattacaritravad bRhatkathA / " (a. 8, sU.8) spaSTa hai ki 'bRhatkathA' lambhoM meM vibhakta thI aura saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI 'bRhatkathA' ke AdhAra para 'vasudevahiNDI' kI lambhabaddha racanA kI / yathAvivecita 'vasudevahiNDI' ke srota aura svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie ina donoM kathAgranthoM ke vibhinna navyodbhAvanoM kI viziSTa carcA prAsaMgika hogI / (ka) 'vasudevahiNDI' tathA 'bRhatkathA' ke vibhinna navyodbhAvana uparyukta adhyayana se yaha nirdeza milatA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' se 'kathAsaritsAgara' taka 'bRhatkathA' ke aneka navyodbhAvana hue haiN| yaha nizcita hai ki guNADhya - kRta 'bRhatkathA' aba mUla rUpa meM prApya nahIM hai / jJAta hotA hai, kazmIrI vidvAn somadeva (11vIM zatI) ke bAda usa mahAkathA kA vilopa ho gayA / kintu kAlakrama se 'bRhatkathA' ke jo navyodbhAvana hue, unameM yathAkrama cAra abataka upalabdha haiM: 1. 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' (budhasvAmI), 2. 'vasudevahiNDI' (saMghadAsaMgaNi- vAcaka), 3. 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' (kSemendra) aura 4. 'kathAsaritsAgara' (somadeva) / pahalA, budhasvAmI - kRta 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha ' sambhavataH IsA kI dvitIya - tRtIya zatI meM, saMskRta meM, likhA gyaa| DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anumAnAnusAra, isakA racanAkAla pA~cavIM zatI hai| cU~ki DaoN. agravAla saMskRta - prAkRta ke samRddhikAla ko ApAtataH guptayuga meM mAnane ko pratibaddha rahate the, isalie unhoMne pA~cavIM zatI ke prati svAgraha vyakta kiyA hai| DaoN. agravAla pAzcAtya manISiyoM ke mantavyoM ke prakAza meM kAla-nirdhAraNa ke adhika pakSapAtI rahe haiM / kintu, yahA~ prasaMgavaza yaha jJAtavya hai ki pAzcAtyoM ne aitihAsika kAla-nirdhAraNa ke sandarbha meM bhAratIya paramparA kI soddezya upekSA kI hai / udAharaNasvarUpa, ve Ajataka kAlidAsa kA samaya nizcita nahIM kara pAye haiM / isIlie ve unheM 57 I. pU. ( I. pU. prathama zatI) ke vikrama kA samakAlIna mAnane se inakAra karate rahe haiM, yadyapi nizcita paramparA yahI hai / kahanA na hogA ki pAzcAtyoM ne bhASA aura zailI jaise tathAkathita antassAkSyoM aura aneka prakAra ke bahissAkSyoM ke cakkara meM par3akara kAlidAsa ke samaya ko sadA ke lie asamAdheya banA diyA hai| isIlie, AcArya nalinajI ne apanI pAryantika kRti 'sAhitya kA itihAsa - darzana' meM sAhityika itihAsa kI prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA kI carcA karate hue pAzcAtyoM kI ukta pUrvAgrahapUrNa pravRtti para bar3I gambhIra TippaNI kI hai : "vedoM, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANoM tathA bAda ke lekhakoM aura kRtiyoM ke bAre meM jo niHsandigdha paramparA - prApta tithikrama mAnya honA cAhie thA, use ekabAragI avizvasanIya aura nirAdhAra ghoSita kara pAzcAtyoM ne hamAre lie jo samasyA utpanna kara dI hai, usakA samAdhAna hameM naye sire se DhU~r3hanA hai (pR. 11) / 1 1. kAlidAsa ke kAla-nirNaya ke sandarbha meM vizeSa vivecana ke lie draSTavya : 'meghadUta : eka anucintana' : DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva, mukhabandha, pR. 11

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa DaoN. agravAla ne jisa prakAra kAlidAsa ko guptakAlIna mAnA hai, usI prakAra unhoMne 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke racayitA budhasvAmI ko bhI guptakAlIna svIkArate hue kahA hai ki budhasvAmI ne guptakAlIna svarNayuga kI saMskRti ke sA~ce meM 'bRhatkathA' ko DhAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai|" kintu, yaha siddha hai ki kevala guptayuga hI svarNayuga nahIM thA, apitu jaisA pahale kahA gayA, IsavI-pUrva prathama zatI ke vikrama ke yuga se guptayuga kA sampUrNa kAla hI svarNakAla thA / isI svarNima yuga kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI meM 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI racanA huI, jisameM bhAratIya saMskRti kI kalA-cetanA aura adhyAtmabhAvanA ke vareNyatama vikAsa ko mUrta rUpa diyA gayA, jo sAhityika AlocanA-jagat meM saundaryazAstrIya adhyayana kI dRSTi se apanA viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai| kyoMki, isa mahatkRti meM mAnava-jJAna kI paridhi kA ananta vistAra hai, jo saundarya-cetanA ke vistAra kA avacchedaka tattva hai, sAtha hI isakI kAvyAtmaka kathAvastu kA kAvyetara kalAoM ke sAtha saghana sambandha hai| 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke adhyayana meM kaI pAzcAtya manISiyoM ke nAma anukIrtita hote rahate haiN| bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM DaoN. agravAla ke atirikta DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina kA nAma ullekhya hai| DaoN. jaina ne 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI racanAvadhi para svatantratayA prakAza nahIM DAlA hai, kintu 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' aura 'vasudevahiNDI' ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM prayukta unakI manISA prItikara hai| DaoN. jaina, pro. lAkota dvArA nirdhArita budhasvAmI ke kAla (navama zatI) ke pariprekSya meM hI yaha niSkarSa-vAkya kahate haiM ki 'vasudevahiNDI' 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke pahale kI racanA siddha hotI hai| kintu, yaha saMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki, AcArya nalinajI ke zabdoM meM, pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhAratIya sAhityetihAsa ke tithikrama ko jAne-anajAne anizcita tathA sandigdha banAne meM yoga diyA hai| ___ 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' 'vasudevahiNDI' se pUrva kI racanA hai, yaha suvicArita tathya hai| DaoN. jaina kI, 'vasudevahiNDI' se 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI paravartitA-viSayaka mAnyatA meM isalie adhika bala nahIM hai ki vaha pro. lAkota kI dhAraNA kI punarAvRtti-mAtra hai| yoM, DaoN. jaina saMzodhanavAdI pravRtti ke udAra vicAraka haiM-bahuta hada taka samanvayavAdI bhii| isalie, vaha samaya-samaya, zodha-vikAsa kI dRSTi se apane vicAroM meM parivartana bhI karate haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kAla-nirdhAraNa meM unhoMne vaisA hI kiyA hai| ___ 'prAkRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa meM DaoN. jaina likhate haiM, "jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne 'vizeSaNavatI' meM isa grantha ('vasudevahiNDI') kA ullekha kiyA hai, isI se saMghadAsagaNI kA samaya IsavI-san kI lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai|" phira, satraha varSa ke bAda, san 1978 I. meM DaoN. jaina apane vicAroM meM saMzodhana karate hue anumAna lagAte haiM : "isa grantha ('vasudevahiNDI') meM jaina rAmAyaNa kA prAcInatama rUpa upalabdha hai aura jaina mahArASTrI kA prAcInatama svarUpa vidyamAna hai, ataeva yaha racanA IsavI-san kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI ke AsapAsa likhI huI honI caahie| 1. draSTavya : 'kathAsaritsAgara' (prathama khaNDa) kI bhUmikA (pra. pUrvavat), pR.7 2. pariSad-patrikA', varSa 17, aMka 4, pR. 46 3. sAhitya kA itihAsa-darzana' (pra. pUrvavat), pR. 11 4. pra. caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vArANasI, saMskaraNa, 1961 I, pR. 381 5. pariSad-patrikA', varSa 17, aMka 4, pR. 41

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pUrvavartitA ke viSaya meM DaoN. jaina kA yaha tarka bhI adhika puSTa nahIM hai ki 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM anupalabdha kathAvastu 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pAI jAtI hai| kyoMki, jisa kathAgrantha kI racanA pahale hotI hai, usameM jina truTiyoM yA kamiyoM ko, usI paramparA kA paravartI kathAkAra lakSya karatA hai, unheM apanI kathAkRti meM parimArjita yA paripUrita karatA hai| bRhatkathAparamparA ke kathAkAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne vahI kiyA hai| unhoMne 'bRhatkathA' kI nepAlI vAcanA 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI apUrNatA ko apanI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pUrNatva pradAna kiyA aura usakA tato'dhika pallavana-parisaMskaraNa kazmIrI vAcanA--'kathAsaritsAgara' aura 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' meM huaa| kahanA na hogA ki 'bRhatkathA' kA apane samaya meM AsetuhimAcala yA kazmIra se kanyAkumArI taka pracAra thaa| ____ DaoN. agravAla aura DaoN. jaina kI yaha dhAraNA sahI hai ki budhasvAmI aura saMghadAsagaNI ke sammukha kavi guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' kA mUlarUpa vidyamAna thaa| bahuzaH kathAsAmya ke AdhAra para yaha dhAraNA banatI hai ki racanAkAla kI dRSTi se budhasvAmI aura saMghadAsagaNI meM vizeSa dUrI nahIM hai, apitu budhasvAmI saMghadAsagaNI ke pravRddha-samakAlIna the aura unakA 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' mahAkavi guNADhya (I.pU. prathama zatI) kI, paizAcInibaddha, mahAbhAratottara bhAratIya vAGmaya ke AdikathAgrantha 'bRhatkathA' kI uttarakAlIna vAcanAoM meM prathama sthAna rakhatA hai aura 'vasudevahiNDI' dvitIya sthAna ; kyoMki sudharmA-jambUsvAmI ke saMvAda-rUpa jainasUtroM (saMkalana-kAla : tRtIya-caturtha zatI) kI saMracanA-zailI para likhita hone ke kAraNa 'vasudevahiNDI' kA racanAkAla bhI tRtIya yA caturtha zatI ke AsapAsa hI sambhava hai| isa prakAra, anumAnataH 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kA racanAkAla dvitIya-tRtIya zataka aura 'vasudevahiNDI' kA tRtIya-caturtha zataka pratIta hotA hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne sudharmA-jambUsvAmI ke saMvAda-rUpa meM prastuta Agamika yA AgamapramANa vasudeva-kathA kA, prathamAnuyoga ke anurUpa, punassaMskaraNa kiyA ho| ____DaoN. agravAla bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' ko 'bRhatkathA' kI paramparA meM dvitIya sthAna dete haiN| unakA mantavya hai ki budhasvAmI ke bAda 'bRhatkathA' kI saMskRta-vAcanA kI prApti na hokara, saMghadAsagaNIkRta 'vasudevahiNDI' hI prAkRta-vAcanA ke rUpa meM upalabdha huI hai| nizcaya hI, paizAcI 'bRhatkathA' kA prAkRta meM navyodbhAvana, bhASika dRSTi se ekazAkhIya hone ke kAraNa, apekSita thA; jise saMghadAsagaNI ne jainAmnAya ke pariveza meM upasthita kara kathA-jagat meM aitihAsika mahattva kA kAma kiyaa| yaha kArya donoM kathAkAroM ne lagabhaga eka hI samaya sampanna kiyaa| isIlie, DaoN. agravAla ko kahanA par3A hai ki "budhasvAmI ke prAyaH sAtha hI yA sambhavataH sau varSa ke bhItara 'bRhatkathA' kA eka prAkRta-saMskaraNa, jaina paramparA meM saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke nAma se taiyAra kiyaa|" isIlie, 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' tathA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathA kI dRSTi se adbhuta samAnatA hai| yadi 'vasudevahiNDI' ke jaina pariveza ko haTA diyA jAya, to donoM kI kathAe~ Apasa meM bimba-pratibimba kI taraha pratIta hoNgii| 1. pariSad-patrikA', varSa 17, aMka 4, pR. 46 2. draSTavya : 'sthAnAMga' kI bhUmikA, zrIjainavizvabhAratI (lADa)-saMskaraNa, bhUmikA-bhAga, pR. 17 3. 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke prathama khaNDa kI bhUmikA (pra. pUrvavat), pR.7

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa 23 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke Arambha meM ujjayinI kI prazaMsA aura vahA~ ke zAsaka mahAsena pradyota kI mRtyu kA ullekha hai / usake bAda usakA putra gopAla rAjyAbhiSikta huA / kintu, pitRhantA hone ke apayaza se usane rAjya kA parityAga kara diyA aura usakA bhAI pAlaka rAjA huA / usane bhI rAjya tyAga diyA aura usakA bhatIjA gopAla kA putra avantivarddhana siMhAsana para baiThA / cauthe sarga se pUre grantha meM udayana putra naravAhanadatta kI premakathA kA vistAra huA hai / budhasvAmI bhI adbhuta pratibhAzAlI kathAkAra the aura DaoN. agravAla ke uparyukta vaicArika pariprekSya meM yaha anumAna karane kA avasara milatA hai ki unhoMne (budhasvAmI ne ) lagabhaga khuSTAbda kI prathama - dvitIya zatI meM, bhArata ke svarNayuga kI utkRSTatara saMskRti kA sAkSya prastuta karanevAlI pravAhamayI saMskRta - zailI meM naravAhanadatta kI vimohaka kathA kA vinyAsa kiyA / phira bhI, kAla-nirdhAraNa ke AdhAra para, 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' aura 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pUrvAparavarttitA viSayaka kisI nizcita niSkarSa para pahu~cane ke lie zodhamanISiyoM ke UhApoha kA sAtatya apekSita hI rahegA / 1 vidvAnoM dvArA 'bRhatkathA' kI nepAlI vAcanA ke rUpa meM svIkRta 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kA mUla saMskaraNa sarvaprathama phreMcamanISI pro. lAkota ne devanAgarI lipi meM phreMca - anuvAda ke sAtha san 1908 I. meM perisa se prakAzita karAyA thA / usake bAda san 1964 I. meM, DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne pro. lAkota ke saMskaraNa kI durlabhatA dekhakara isa mahatkRti kA eka nayA saMskaraNa taiyAra kiyA, jo unakI mRtyu ke bAda, san 1974 I. meM, sAMskRtika adhyayana viSayaka pariziSTa * ke sAtha, DaoN. pI. ke. agravAla dvArA sampAdita hokara, pRthvI prakAzana, vArANasI se prakAzita huA / ina donoM saMskaraNoM ke atirikta, bihAra- rASTrabhASA pariSad kI traimAsika zodha patrikA ( ' pariSadpatrikA') meM isa mahAn kathAgrantha kA DaoN. rAmaprakAza poddAra - kRta hindI anuvAda DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva dvArA sampAdita hokara dhArAvAhika rUpa se ( varSa 16 : aMka 3 se varSa 18 : aMka 4 taka) prakAzita huA hai| DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina kI sUcanA ke anusAra, budhasvAmI kI isa racanA kI apUrNa pANDulipi nepAla se prApta huI, jo prophesara lAkota tathA rainyU dvArA sampAdita evaM phreMca bhASA meM anUdita hokara perisa se san 1908-29 I. meM prakAzita huI / lAkota ne 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' aura 'kathAsaritsAgara' kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana phreMca bhASA ke mAdhyama se kiyA aura isa viSaya para prastuta unake phreMca - nibandha revareNDa Ta bArDa dvArA a~garejI meM anUdita hokara ba~galora kI 'kvArTarlI jarnala oNva da mithika risarca sosAyaTI' se prakAzita huA / upariprastuta sandarbha se yaha spaSTa hai, budhasvAmI kA 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' para AdhRta' usakI uttarakAlIna vAcanAoM meM prathamasthAnIya hai / bhAratIya kathAzailI 1. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne caukhambhA oriyaNTAliyA, vArANasI se san 1978 I. meM prakAzita 'nArI ke vividha rUpa' nAmaka pustaka (kathA-saMgraha) kI bhUmikA (pR. 9-10 pA. Ti) meM budhasvAmI kA kAla paMcama zataka aura saMghadAsagaNI kA kAla tRtIya zataka nirdhArita kiyA hai| isa prakAra, DaoN. jaina ke mata se 'vasudevahiNDI', 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' se pUrvavartI siddha hotI hai| 2. 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kA DaoN. rAmaprakAza poddAra - kRta mUla-saha- a~garejI anuvAda; tArA buka ejeMsI, vArANasI se upalabhya hai / 3. 'pariSad - patrikA', varSa 17, aMka 4, pR. 44 4. tAbhyAmuktamazakyaM tadguNADhyenApi zaMsitum / --bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha, 14. 60

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24 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kI vikAsa-paramparA tathA saMskRti aura sabhyatA ke unnata-udAtta avasthA kI ApAtamanohara ruciratA kA saMvahana karanevAlI naravAhanadatta kI AtmakathA se kamanIya isa sadgrantha kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana abhI taka apekSita hI raha gayA hai| yaha prAcIna kathA aba bhI bhAratIya manISA kI pratIkSA kara rahI hai| pro. lAkota nizcaya hI atizaya zlAghya prajJApuruSa haiM, jinake prati hama isalie sadA kRtajJa raheMge ki unhoMne 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' jaise mahattvapUrNa bhAratIya sAhityika avazeSa ko na kevala naSTa hone se bacAyA, apitu usakA adhyayana, mUlyAMkana aura mudraNa-prakAzana kiyaa| 'bRhatkathA' ke budhasvAmI kRta saMskRta-navyodbhAvana ke bAda kSemendra kRta 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' kA pAMkteya sthAna hai| kSemendra kazmIra ke rAjA ananta (san 1029-1064 I.) ke sabhAsada the| isa pratibhAzAlI kavi kA dUsarA nAma vyAsadAsa thA |kisii bar3e kAvya ko saMkSipta karake use maulika rUpa dene meM inhoMne zlAghya kuzalatA Ayatta kI thii| inake dvArA kiyA gayA rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kA saMkSepa 'rAmAyaNamaMjarI' aura 'bhAratamaMjarI' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| inakA 'bodhisatvAvadAnakalpalatA' grantha bhI prasiddha hai| etadatirikta, 'kalAvilAsa', 'dezopadeza', 'narmamAlA' aura 'samayamAtRkA' granthoM meM kSemendra kI sArasvata pratibhA kA atizaya utkRSTa rUpa upalabdha hotA hai| 'bRhatkathA' para AdhRta kSemendra kI pAryantika kathAkRti 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' 18 lambakoM meM nibaddha hai| isameM, vicitratA, alaukikatA tathA vismayakArI rasapezalatA ke lie deza-dezAntara meM khyAta 'bRhatkathA' kA navyodbhAvana saMkSipta aura niralaMkAra hote hue bhI prabhAvaka aura sarasa hai| phira bhI, kathA kI adhika saMkSiptatA tathA aspaSTatA ke kAraNa kSemendra kI 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' utanI lokapriya nahIM huI, jitanI vaha AlocanA kA kAraNa bnii| prasiddha pAzcAtya paNDita kItha ne kSemendra kI AlocanA karate hae kahA bhI hai ki kahIM atyadhika saM etA ke kAraNa 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' kI kathAoM kA sArA AkarSaNa aura rocakatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| ghaTanAoM ke viniyoga ko adhika mahattva na dene ke kAraNa hI kSemendra kathAdakSa hote hue bhI kalAdakSa nahIM siddha ho sake aura isIlie unakI bRhatkathAmaMjarI' meM 'kathAsaritsAgara' kI bhA~ti rucikaratA nahIM A paaii| somadeva (san 1063-1081I)-kRta 'kathAsaritsAgara' 'bRhatkathA' kA antima saMskRtanavyodbhAvana hai| kSemendra kI 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' kI bhA~ti yaha bhI kazmIrI vAcanA hai| kucha viparyAsa ke sAtha yaha kathAgrantha bhI 18 lambakoM meM vibhakta hai| kSemendra kI taraha somadevabhaTTa bhI kazmIra ke rAjA ananta ke sabhApaNDita the| inhoMne ananta kI rAnI sUryamatI ke manovinoda ke lie 'kathAsaritsAgara' kI racanA kii| eka sau caubIsa taraMgoM meM vibhakta 21,388 zlokapramANa yaha grantha vartamAna rUpa meM aneka choTI-bar3I kahAniyoM kA saMgraha hai| pradhAna kathA ke sAtha aneka avAntara kathAoM ke gumphana ke kAraNa somadeva ne yathArtha hI ise kathA kI saritAoM kA sAgara 1. ityetAM vipulAzcayAM sa rAjA sAtavAhanaH / gaNADhyAcchiSyasahitaH samAsAdya bRhatkathAm // ... kSemendranAmA tanayastasya vidvatsu vishrutH| ... kathAmetAmanudhyAyandineSu vipulekSaNaH / vidadhe vibudhAnandasudhAsyandataraGgiNIm ||-upsNhaar, zloka 27, 36, 40 2. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dra. kItha : 'saMskRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa' (hindI-anu. zrImaMgaladeva zAstrI), pR. 335

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa kahA hai| yaha 'bRhatkathA' kA hI navyodbhAvana hai, isakI sUcanA kathAkAra ne kathApITha-lambaka ke prathama taraMga ke tIsare zloka meM dI hai : 'bRhatkathAyA: sArasya saGgrahaM rcyaamyhm|' 'bRhatkathA' ke sAra kA saMgraha karake 'kathAsaritsAgara' racane kI dUsarI sUcanA kathAkAra ne antima prazasti meM isa prakAra vizadatApUrvaka upasthita kI hai : nAnAkathAmRtamayasya bRhatkathAyAH sArasya sajjanamanombudhipUrNacandraH / somena vipravara-bhUriguNAbhirAma-rAmAtmajena vihitaH khalu saGgraho'yam / / 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM sarga ke lie prayukta 'lambaka' zabda apane mUla srota kI ora saMketa karatA hai| lambaka' apane mUla saMskRta-rUpa meM 'lambhaka' thaa| vivAha dvArA strI kI prApti 'lambha' ke rUpa meM pracalita thI aura isI ke anusAra alaMkAravatIlambaka, zazAMkavatIlambaka, madanamaMcukAlambaka, padmAvatIlambaka Adi alaga-alaga kathAoM ke nAma rakhe gaye hoNge| isIlie, hemacandra ne apane 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI TIkA meM bRhatkathA ko lambhoM meM vibhakta kahA hai| vAdImasiMha (navIM zatI)-kRta 'gadyacintAmaNi' meM nAyaka dvArA patnI kI prApti kA varNana karanevAle kathAkhaNDoM ko 'lambha' kI AkhyA dI gaI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI patlIprAptiparaka pratyeka kathA-vibhAga ko 'lambha' nAma diyA gayA hai, kintu 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM grantha kA vibhAga sargoM meM huA hai| yaha eka sargabaddha racanA hai, para isameM bhI pratyeka kathA ke anta meM 'lAbha' zabda prayukta hai| jaise : vegavatI-lAbha, gandharvadattA-lAbha, madanamaMjukA-lAbha Adi / somadeva kRta 'bRhatkathA' ke kazmIrI saMskRta-navyodbhAvana 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM kathA-vibhAga ke lie prayukta lambaka ( = lambhaka) zabda kA patnIprApti-paraka kathA-vibhAga ke rUpa meM arthavistAra budhasvAmI ke samaya taka nahIM huA thaa| isIlie, unhoMne bRhatkathA' ke apane naipAlI navyodbhAvana 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ko sAmAnya kAvyoM ke samAna sargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| usake upalabdha aMza meM 28 sarga haiM / jaina yA prAkRta-navyodbhAvana 'vasudevahiNDI' meM 'lambha' kA prayoga, apane mUla artha meM, arthAt mukhya nAyaka ke vijaya ke varNanaparaka mukhya kathAbhAga ke prakaraNoM ke nAmakaraNa ke lie, huA hai| kazmIrI lekhaka somadeva aura kSemendra ne kathApITha ko pahalA lambaka kahA hai aura guNADhya-viSayaka kathAvastu usakA pratipAdya hai| kintu, naipAlI-rUpAntara, arthAt budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM mUla kathApITha ke aMza mila-jula gaye haiN| kazmIrI vAcanAoM meM udayana, vAsavadattA aura padmAvatI kI sampUrNa kathAe~ haiN| parantu, naipAlI vAcanA meM use saMkSipta kara diyA gayA hai| isIlie pro. lAkota ko yaha AzaMkA hai ki budhasvAmI ke grantha kA Arambhika bhAga kadAcit khaNDita hai| phira bhI, unhoMne ne yaha mAnA hai ki kazmIrI navyodbhAvanoM kI tulanA meM naipAlI navyodbhAvana mUla bRhatkathA kA yathArtha citra upanyasta karatA hai| 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke Arambha meM somadeva ne usake svarUpa aura varNya viSayoM kA samIcIna paricaya upasthita kiyA hai aura aTThArahoM lambakoM kI nAmataH gaNanA karate hue Arambhika pratijJA meM kahA hai ki maiM 'bRhatkathA' ke sAra kA saMgraha kara rahA huuN| mere sAmane jaisA mUla thA, vaisA hI maiMne yaha grantha racA hai| thor3A bhI heraphera nahIM kiyA hai| hA~, kevala aucitya aura eka-dUsarI kathA ke sAtha anvayana kA dhyAna yathAzakti rakhA gayA hai| isameM kAvya kA aMza maiMne utanA hIM jor3A

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26 . vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA hai, jitane se kathA ke rasa kA vighAta na ho| pANDitya ke yaza ke lobha se merA yaha prayala nahIM hai| merA uddezya kevala yaha hai ki aneka kathAoM kA samUha saralatA se smRti meM rakhA jA ske| pAzcAtya manISiyoM ne 'kathAsaritsAgara' kA bar3e manoyoga se talasparza adhyayana kiyA hai, jinameM sI. eca. TaoNnI, paiMgara aura vizeSakara kItha ke nAma to dhurikIrtanIya haiM / sI. eca. TaoNnI-kRta a~garejI-anuvAda kI bhUmikA likhate hue paiMgara ne 'kathAsaritsAgara' kI bhUrizaH prazaMsA kI hai aura kathAkAra somadeva kI vilakSaNa pratibhA para vismayAbhibhUta hokara kahA hai ki IsavI-san se saikar3oM varSa pahale kI jIva-jantu-kathAe~ isameM haiM / dhuloka aura pRthvI kI racanA-sambandhI RgvedakAlIna kathAe~ bhI yahA~ haiN| usI prakAra raktapAna karanevAle vetAloM kI kahAniyA~, sundara kAvyamayI prema-kahAniyA~ aura devatA, manuSya evaM asuroM ke lomaharSaka yuddhoM kI kahAniyA~ bhI isa kathA-kRti meM haiN| bhAratavarSa kathA-sAhitya kI saccI bhUmi hai, jo isa viSaya meM IrAna aura araba se bar3hacar3hakara hai| paiMgara, kathAkuzala kAlidAsa ke bAda 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke kartA somadeva ko hI dvitIya sthAna dete haiN| kyoMki, somadeva meM kAlidAsa kI hI bhA~ti spaSTa, rocaka aura hRdayAkarSaka evaM viSayoM kI vyApakatA aura vibhinnatA se valayita kahAnI kahane kI adbhuta zakti thii| inakI kathA meM mAnavI prakRti kA paricaya, bhASA-zailI kI saralatA, varNana meM saundarya-cetanA aura bhAvazakti tathA ukticAturI ke guNa pracuratA ke sAtha bhare hue haiN| pravAha-sAtatya 'kathAsaritsAgara' kI apanI vizeSatA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki usakI kahAniyA~, eka ke bAda dUsarI, apanI abhinavatA ke sAtha, Azcaryajanaka vega se ubharatI huI sAmane AtI calI jAtI hai| paiMgara, 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke bAre meM prazaMsAmukhara zabdoM meM sollAsa kahate haiM ki yaha kathAgrantha alipha lailA kI kahAniyoM se prAcInatara hai aura alipha lailA kI aneka kahAniyoM ke mUla rUpa isameM haiM, jinake dvArA upajIvita aura paribRMhita na kevala IrAnI aura turkI lekhakoM kI, balki bokaiziyo, causara, laoN phaoNntena evaM anya aneka pAzcAtya kathAlekhakoM kI kalpanAe~ pazcimI saMsAra ko pracuratA se prApta huI haiN| sAmAjika aura rAjanItika jIvana kI aneka rocaka-romAMcaka kahAniyoM se bharapUra 'kathAsaritsAgara' bhAratIya kalpanA-jagat kA virAT darpaNa hai, jise kathAmanISI somadeva bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke lie akSaya sArasvata dharohara ke rUpa meM chor3a gaye haiN| kItha ne AlocanAprakhara mukharatA ke sAtha 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke vartamAna saMracanA-zilpa aura lambakoM ke krama kI sthApanA kI tAttvika vivecanA karate hue kahA hai ki prayAsa-bAhulya ke bAvajUda somadeva eka susaMghaTita grantha kI saphala racanA nahIM kara sake, kintu 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke utkarSa kA AdhAra usakI vastu-saMghaTanA nahIM, apitu vaha Thosa aura rucikara kathAvastu hai, jise adhItI kathAkAra ne sarala-sahaja DhaMga se manovinodaka aura AkarSaka kalAvareNyatA ke AveSTana meM upanyasta kiyA hai| zrIsuzIlakumAra de-kRta 'saMskRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa' kI pRSTha-saMkhyA 421 kI pAdaTippaNI kA havAlA dete hue DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne, bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad se paM. kedAranAtha 1. kathAsaritsAgara',1.10-12 2. vizeSa dra. kItha : 'saMskRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa' (hindI-anuvAda : zrImaMgaladevazAstrI), pR. 334-335

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa zarmA sArasvata-kRta hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke prathama khaNDa kI bhUmikA meM kahA hai ki kSemendra ke viparIta somadeva 'paMcatantra' ke lekhaka kI taraha kathA kahane kI pratibhA ke mahAkoSa the / vaha pAThaka ke mana ko AyAsita kiye vinA sAvadhAnI se abhISTa artha ko abhivyakta karane kI kSamatA se sampanna the / unakI kathAoM kA rucikara rUpa kabhI nahIM chIjatA / 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM kahAniyoM kA eka bar3hiyA gucchA 'vetAlapaMcaviMzati' nAmaka paccIsa (zazAMkavatIlambaka, taraMga 8, a. 75 - 99) kahAniyoM kA hai / kSemendra kI 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' meM bhI ye kahAniyA~ haiM / somadeva kI apekSA kSemendra kA varNana saMkSipta aura alaMkAra - rahita hai / 27 yaha prazna sambhAvita hai ki vikrama aura vetAla kI ye kahAniyA~, yAnI 'baitAlapacIsI' kI kahAniyA~ mUla bRhatkathA meM thIM yA nhiiN| isa viSaya meM harTela aura ejarTana kA mata hai ki mUla 'bRhatkathA' meM 'vetAlapaMcaviMzati' kI kahAniyA~ vidyamAna na thIM / naravAhanadatta ke upAkhyAna se spaSTataH unakA koI vAstavika sambandha bhI nahIM jAna par3atA / kItha ke anusAra, 'vetAlapaMcaviMzati' ke upAkhyAnoM para bauddha prabhAva spaSTa hai / astu; mAnava-svabhAva ke yathArtha aMkana meM somadeva sAkSAt vyAsadeva haiN| somadeva kI aneka kahAniyA~, apanI tIvra bhAvAnubhUti kI vedhakatA ke kAraNa, mana para eka bAra mudrita ho jAne ke bAda amiTa ho jAtI haiM / gyArahavIM zatI meM, jaba ki samAsabahula zailI meM likhane kI dhUma thI, vyAsazailI meM likhita somadeva kA 'kathAsaritsAgara' ananya aura anupama hai, sAtha hI zilpa kI dRSTi se eka naI dizA kA nirdhAraka bhI hai| DaoN. agravAla ne somadeva ke 'kathAsaritsAgara' kI saMracanA - zailI ko 'taraMgita zailI' kI AkhyA dI hai aura kathAoM kI sarasatA aura saghanatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara, saTIka laukika udAharaNa kA pariveza prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki somadeva kI choTI kahAniyA~ bar3I kahAniyoM ke sampuTa meM, kaTahala meM koyoM kI taraha bharI huI haiN| niHsandeha, sAhitya kI aneka zailiyoM aura abhiprAyoM ke samAhRta aMkana meM somadeva kI nipuNatA unakA sahaja guNa thii| 'kathAsaritsAgara' sacamuca kathAoM kA mahArNava hai / yaha, 'bRhatkathA' kI pUrva - paramparA ke sthApatya kA aisA vikasita kathA - vinyAsa hai, jo antima hai aura Ajataka ananukRta bhI / isI meM somadeva ke zilpa-sandhAna kA vaiziSTya aura unake kathAzilpI kI sArthakatA nihita hai / isIlie, 'bRhatkathA' ke uparivivecita tInoM saMskRta - navyodbhAvanoM meM somadeva ke 'kathAsaritsAgara' ko hI sarvAdhika lokapriyatA prApta huI, jo kisI bhI kathAkAra ke lie usakI cUDAnta saphalatA kA udghoSaka nikaSa hai 1 'vasudevahiNDI' ' kA mahattva : 'vasudevahiNDI', 'bRhatkathA' ke ukta naipAlI navyodbhAvana 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kA paravarttI ( yA kanIya samakAlIna) tathA kazmIrI navyodbhAvanoM-- 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' aura 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke pUrvavarttI, jainAmnAya para AdhRta prAkRta-navyodbhAvana hai / prAMjala gadya kI bhUmi para, parivartita kathAnAyaka aura navyatA ke sAtha upanyasta kathA kI dRSTi se yaha kathAkRti 'maulika' yA phira 'navyodbhAvana' zabda ko sarvathA sArthaka karatI hai| isake yugacetanA - sampanna kathAlekhaka ne sacce artha meM 'bRhatkathA' kI avicchinna paramparA ko naI dizA dekara use sAtizaya Urjasvala aura prANavAhinI dhArA se saMvalita kara tato'dhika gatizIla banAyA hai / saMghadAsagaNI paramparA ke andhAnugAmI nahIM, apitu

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28 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA paramparA aura aparamparA ke samanvayakArI kalAsAdhaka haiN| vaha sacce arthoM meM anekAntavAdI vicAraka haiN| isIlie, unhoMne jainAmnAya ke prati na to kabhI durAgrahavAdI pracArAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanAyA hai, na hI jainetara AmnAyoM kI vikRtiyoM aura vizeSatAoM ke udbhAvana meM pakSapAta kA pradarzana kiyA hai| kathA kI grathana- kalA meM, eka kathAkAra ke lie jo nirvaiyaktikatA yA mAdhyasthya apekSita hai, saMghadAsagaNI meM vaha bharapUra hai aura vaha sahI mAnI meM kalA kI tanmayatA kI madhuma bhUmikA meM sthita sAdhAraNIkRta bhAvacetanA-loka ke kalAkAra haiM / lokasaMgraha kI bhAvanA aura agAdha vaiduSya donoM kI maNipravAla- zailI ke manohArI darzana inakI yugavijayinI kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sadAsulabha haiN| 'bRhatkathA' ke prAcIna rUpAntara 'vasudevahiNDI' ke viSaya meM prasiddha jarmana-vidvAn oNlsaDorpha ' kA yaha anusandhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa atizaya grAhya hai ki guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' niHsandeha prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya kA eka rasamaya aura mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / isa lupta grantha ke ThIka prakAra kA nirdhAraNa aura punarghaTana kA kArya atyanta rocaka hai / somadeva - kRta 'kathAsaritsAgara' aura kSemendra-kRta 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' ke rUpa meM ina kazmIrI lekhakoM kI do kRtiyA~ jabataka vidita thIM, tabataka 'bRhatkathA' ke svarUpa kA anumAna karanA sarala thA / kintu, jaba usase Azcaryajanaka rIti se bhinna 'bRhatkathA' kA naipAlI navyodbhAvana budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke rUpa meM prApta huA, yaha samasyA kucha kaThina ho gii| phreMca vidvAn lAkota ne 'guNADhya evaM bRhatkathA' nAmaka san 1908 I. meM prakAzita apanI pustaka meM isa kliSTa prazna ko sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA aura vaha isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce : "apane do kazmIrI navyodbhAvanoM ('kathAsaritsAgara' aura 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' ) meM guNA kI mUla bRhatkathA atyanta viparyasta evaM avyavasthita rUpa meM upalabdha hai / ina granthoM meM aneka sthaloM para mUla grantha kA saMkSipta sAroddhAra kara diyA gayA hai aura inameM mUla ke kaI aMza chor3a bhI diye gaye haiM evaM kitane hI navIna aMza prakSepa rUpa meM jor3a diye gaye haiM / isa taraha mUla grantha kI vastu aura AyojanA meM beDhaMge pheraphAra ho gaye haiN| phalasvarUpa, ina kazmIrI kRtiyoM meM kaI prakAra kI asaMgatiyA~ A gaIM aura jor3e hue aMzoM ke kAraNa mUla grantha kA svarUpa paryApta vikRta ho gayA / isake viparIta, budhasvAmI ke grantha meM kathAvastu kI anukUla AyojanA ke mAdhyama se mUla prAcIna 'bRhatkathA' kA yathArtha citra prApta hotA hai / kintu, kheda hai ki yaha citra pUrA nahIM hai; kyoMki budhasvAmI ke grantha kA kevala caturthAMza hI upalabdha hai| isalie, kevala usI aMza kA kazmIrI kRtiyoM ke sAtha tulanA sambhava hai|" pro. lAkota ke uparyukta mata se 'hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTrecara' nAmaka pAryantika kRti ke prakhyAta lekhaka zrIviNTaranitsa sahamata haiN| unhoMne apanI ukta pustaka ke tRtIya bhAga meM, etadviSayaka prasaMga kI siddhi ke krama meM bar3e pANDityapUrNa DhaMga se apanA tarka upasthita kiyA hai / kintu vaha 1. zrI bhogIlAla ja. sANDesarA ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke svIkRta gujarAtI bhASAntara kI bhUmikA (pR. 9 - 13) meM oNlsaDorpha ke 'eina neve varsana Dera varlorinena bRhatkathA Desa guNADhya' ('e nyU varsana oNva di laoNsTa bRhat oNva guNADhya' ) nAmaka nibandha kA gujarAtI-anuvAda upasthita kiyA hai (mUla jarmana- nibandha kA gujarAta anuvAda zrIrasikalAla pArikha ne kiyA thA) aura usakA saMkSipta hindI-rUpAntara DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne 'kathAsaritsAgara' (pariSad-saMskaraNa) ke prathama khaNDa kI bhUmikA meM apane vivecana ke krama meM prastuta kiyA hai| isa zodha-grantha meM tadviSayaka vaicArika pallavana donoM sAmagrI (gujarAtI - hindI ) ke prariprekSya meM upanyasta kiyA gayA hai / le.

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa 29 'bRhatkathA'ke yathAprApta rUpAntaroM ke AdhAra para mUla grantha kI punarghaTanA ke prayatna ko vyartha mAnate haiM / san 1908 I. meM lAkota ne jaba apanA grantha likhA, taba unake samakSa 'bRhatkathA' kI kaThina samasyA ko sulajhAne ke lie koI upayogI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM thI / aisI sthiti meM aparyApta sAmagrI kI sahAyatA se pratipAdita unakA mata sandigdha ho, to Azcarya nhiiN| isIlie, lAkota ke. mata kA vivecana karane ke bAda viNTaranitsa ko yaha kahanA par3A hai ki bRhatkathA-viSayaka jabataka aura adhika sAmagrI na mile, tabataka lAkota ke nirNaya meM bahuta adhika saMzodhana kI guMjAiza nahIM hai| 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI upalabdhi kI carcA ke krama meM DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne pro. lAkota kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai: "bRhatkathA ke isa naipAlI - rUpAntara ko prakAza meM lAkara aura kazmIrI - rUpAntaroM ke sAtha usakA tulanAtmaka evaM AlocanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kara lAkota ne jo apanI asAdhAraNa pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai, usake lie bhAratIya saMskRti ke premI vidvAn unake RNI raheMge / "" zramaNa zodhakoM ko naipAlI aura kazmIrI navyodbhAvanoM se sarvathA vilakSaNa, 'bRhatkathA' kA eka vistRta prAkRta-navyodbhAvana 'vasudevahiNDI' ke rUpa meM upalabdha huA, jisane Azcaryajanaka DhaMga se vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA / isake racayitA saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne kathA ke zilpa aura viSayavastu ko apanI kalpanA - zakti se atizaya vimohaka rUpa pradAna kiyA / udayana ke putra naravAhanadatta ke adbhuta parAkrama ko kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva para Aropita karake prAcIna kathA kI paramparA ko naI dizA de dI / vasudeva ke paribhramaNa se sambaddha yaha uccatara kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' na kevala prAcIna jainakathAoM meM, apitu vizva ke prAcIna kathA - sAhitya meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| guNADhya se somadeva taka kI bhAratIya kathAoM ke vistRta bhaugolika kSitija para 'vasudevahiNDI' kA jyotirmaya bhAva - bhAsvara udaya nitAnta vismayajanaka hai / jaina sAhityetihAsa ke anusAra vargIkRta prathamAnuyoga ke saMskRta - nibaddha caritragranthoM meM ullekhya hemacandra-kRta 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' meM 'neminAthacarita' ke antargata vasudevacari citrita huA hai| usameM bhI jaina 'bRhatkathA' kI rUparekhA parilakSita hotI hai| isake atirikta zrIkRSNa kI prAcIna kathAoM se sambaddha jaina kathAgranthoM meM bhI 'bRhatkathA' kA saMkSipta sAra yA navyodbhAvana prApta hotA hai / kintu, saMghadAsagaNI - kRta 'vasudevahiNDI' ne to apane vistAra aura viSaya- vaividhya ke kAraNa jaina bRhatkathA kI paramparA meM krAntikArI yA yugAntarakArI parivartana upasthita kara diyA / 'AvazyakacUrNi' meM isa grantha ke ullekha se isakI kathA kI vipula vyApakatA kA anumAna sahaja sambhava hai / grantha kI saMskRta - tatsamapradhAna prAcIna prAkRta bhASA se bhI isake racanAkAla kI prAcInatA kI sUcanA milatI hai aura isakI kathA - ruciratA kI khyAti I. tRtIya . zatI se chaThIM zatI taka samAna bhAva se anudhvanita hotI rhii| isalie, guptakAla ko hI saMskRta-prAkRta kA svarNayuga mAnanevAle bhAratIya aura bhAratIyetara vidvAn isa grantha ke racanAkAla kI antima maryAdA 600 I. ke AsapAsa nirdhArita karate haiM / yoM, saMracanA kI dRSTi se, aneka vismayakArI aura kautUhalavarddhaka, bahuta hada taka rocaka aura jJAnonmeSaka bhI, antaHkathAoM se saMvalita kisI prabala puruSArthI aura pracaNDa parAkramI rAjA yA rAjaputra kI bar3I kathA hI 'bRhatkathA' nAma se saMjJita huI hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI saMracanA bhI 1. 'pariSad - patrikA', varSa 17 : aMka 4, pR. 44

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti ko bRhatkathA 'bRhatkathA' kI zailI meM kI gaI hai / bhAratIyetara dezoM meM bhI sahasrarajanIcarita' ('arebiyana nAiTsa Tela), 'alipha lailA kI kathA', 'hAtimatAI kA kissA' adi bRhatkathAoM kI paramparA rahatI AI hai| Adhunika hindI meM bhI zrIdevakInandana khatrI ke aiyArI yA tilismavAle upanyAsa 'candrAkAntA' aura 'candrakAntA-santati' bRhatkathA kA hI hindI-navyodbhAvana hai / bhale hI, inake caritanAyaka udayana yA naravAhanadatta ke badale koI dUsare hI kyoM na hoM? 'bRhatkathA' virAT upanyAsa kA hI nAmAntara hai, jise galpa kI vyApaka zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki tamila-sAhitya ke itihAsa meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke tamila-rUpAntara 'vasudevanAra sindam' (vasudeva, 'nAra' = kA, 'sindam' = hiNDana) kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| aura phira, kannar3a-sAhitya ke itihAsa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki rAjA durvinIta (san 600 I.) ne guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' kA saMskRta-rUpAntara prastuta kiyA thA, kintu durbhAgyavaza aba vaha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isa saMkSipta sUcanA se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'bRhatkathA' kA prAkRta-rUpAntara 'vasudevahiNDI' kI hRdayAvarjaka aura lokapriya kathA kI vyApakatA uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata meM samAna rUpa se banI huI thii| kahanA na hogA ki prAkRta-kathAgrantha 'vasudevahiNDI' meM 'bRhatkathA' kI paramparA kA hI navyodbhAvana huA hai| nizcaya hI, 'vasudevahiNDI' 'bRhatkathA' nahIM hai, kintu 'bRhatkathA' kI paramparA meM eka yuga-parivartaka jaina navyodbhAvana avazya hai, jo 'bRhatkathA' ke prAcInatama rUpAntara ke sAtha AdhArAdheyabhAva se jur3A huA hai| isa grantha meM 'bRhatkathA' kI vastu ko zrIkRSNa kI prAcIna kathA ke AdhAra para gumphita kiyA gayA hai| grathana-kauzala se hI isa kathAkAvya meM navyatA A gaI hai| jaina vAGmaya ke suparicita jarmana adhItI zrIyAkobI ke matAnusAra, jainoM meM kRSNa kI kathA IsavI-san se 300 varSa pUrva astitva meM A cukI thii| zrIyAkobI mAnate haiM ki I. san ke prArambha taka jainapurANa-kathA sampUrNatA kI sthiti meM A gaI thii| jainoM ne jisa samaya 'bRhatkathA' ko apanI purANa-kathA ke kalevara meM sammilita kiyA, usa samaya vaha eka suprasiddha kavi kI kRti hone ke atirikta devakathA kI bhavyatA se prabhAsvara prAcInatara yuga kI racanA mAnI jAne lagI thI, jisakI mahattA purANoM evaM mahAkAvyoM kI kathA ke samAna ho gaI thii| isIlie, 'bRhatkathA' ke jaina navyodbhAvana se mUla 'bRhatkathA' ke racanAkAla kI zatiyoM prAcInatA ko lakSya kara bUlara ne guNADhya kA samaya IsavI-san kI pahalI yA dUsarI zatI aura lAkota ne tIsarI zatI meM mAnA hai| isa sandarbha meM, oNlsaDorpha kA yaha mata ki guNADhya ko yadi bahuta prAcIna samaya meM nahIM, to use IsavI-san kI pahalI yA dUsarI zatI ke pUrvArddha meM mAnanA cAhie, amAnya nahIM hai| ___DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kA yaha kathana sarvathA yathArtha hai ki guNAtma kI 'bRhatkathA' apane yuga meM vyAsa-kRta 'mahAbhArata' ke samAna apane deza ke kAvya aura kathA sAhitya para chAI huI thI, jo Aja, kAla ke vizAla antarAla meM jAne kahA~ vilIna ho gaI hai ! isalie, usake uttarakAlIna rUpAntaroM, vAcanAoM yA navyodbhAvanoM se hI anumAna kI kucha kar3iyA~ jor3anI par3atI haiN| pro. lAkota ne vilupta bRhatkathA' kI AyojanA kA anumAna sambhavataH 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke AdhAra para isa prakAra kiyA hai : prAstAvika bhAga meM udayana aura usakI rAnI vAsavadattA evaM 1. dra. hisTrI oNva tamila liTrecara' : esa. vI. pillaI, madrAsa, san 1956 I. 2. kannar3a-sAhitya kA itihAsa : Ara. narasI vAMcA.vellara

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa 31 padmAvatI kI suvidita kathA thii| vAsavadattA kA putra naravAhanadatta jaba yuvA rAjakumAra kI avasthA ko prApta huA, taba usakA gaNikAputrI madanamaMcukA ('bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM 'madanamaMjukA' ) se prema ho gyaa| usa rAjakumAra ne apane pitA kI icchA ke viruddha usase vivAha kara liyaa| eka vidyAdhara rAjA madanamaMcukA ko hara le gyaa| madanamaMcukA ko khojate hue naravAhanadatta ne vidyAdhara-loka aura manuSya-loka meM naye-naye parAkrama kiye| dIrgha parAkrama ke bAda madanamaMcukA se usakA milana huaa| rAjakumAra naravAhanadatta svayaM vidyAdhara-cakravartI banA aura madanamaMcukA usakI pradhAnamahiSI (paTarAnI) bnii| naravAhanadatta apane pratyeka parAkrama ke bAda anta meM eka sundarI se vivAha karatA hai / isa prakAra ke pratyeka parAkrama kI kathA ke anta ko guNADhya ne 'lambha' kI saMjJA dI aura isI paddhati para naravAhanadatta kI kathA vegavatI-lambha, ajinavatI-lambha, priyadarzanA-lambha ityAdi prakaraNoM meM vibhakta huii| jaina paramparA ke anusAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM zrIkRSNa kI prAcIna kathA kI AyojanA isa prakAra huI : rUpavAn evaM pracaNDa parAkramI vasudeva ne, apane bar3e bhAI se ruSTa hokara ghara chor3a diyA aura vaha deza-dezAntara kA paribhramaNa (hiNDana) karane lge| isI krama meM, unhoMne naravAhanadatta kI bhA~ti vividha parAkrama pradarzita kiye aura aneka paliyA~ prApta kI / antima patnI ke rUpa meM unhoMne devakI ko prApta kiyaa| isake pUrva rohiNI patnI kI prApti ke krama meM svayaMvara meM hI akasmAt vasudeva kA apane bar3e bhAI samudravijaya se milana ho gayA aura vaha apane kuTumba ke sAtha milakara pUrvavat rahane lge| madanamaMcukA kA prasaMga isa kathA meM chor3a diyA gayA hai kyoMki svabhAvataH kRSNa kI kathA ke prasaMga meM usakI saMgati na thii| kathA kI mUlabhUta pAtrI madanamaMcukA ke prasaMga ko parivartita kara usake sthAna para gaNikAputrI suhiraNyA aura rAjakanyA somazrI kA praNaya-prasaMga zrIkRSNa ke putra sAmba ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA hai / isa prakAra, 'bRhatkathA' ke isa prAkRta jaina rUpAntara kI prApti se mUla 'bRhatkathA' kI vastu aura usakI AyojanA kI kaI eka apratyAzita ghaTanAoM tathA vilupta mUla grantha ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM kaI mahattvapUrNa tathyoM kA udbhAvana hotA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' aura 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM vilakSaNa kathAsAmya : budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke rUpa meM 'bRhatkathA' kA jo naipAlI navyodbhAvana upalabdha huA hai, usake aneka kathAprasaMgoM kA 'vasudevahiNDI' se sAmya hai| nizcaya hI, kazmIrI navyodbhAvanoM kI apekSA naipAlI navyodbhAvana mUlakathA ke yathArtha citra ko pratIkita karatA hai| udAharaNArtha, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI gaNikAputrI suhiraNyA kI bhA~ti 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI madanamaMjukA bhI eka vArAMganA kI putrI hai, kintu, kazmIrI navyodbhAvanoM meM madanamaMcukA ko eka bauddharAjA kI dauhitrI ke rUpa meM darasAyA gayA hai| 'kathAsaritsAgara' tathA 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' meM madanamaMcukA ke nAnA kaliMgadatta ko bhagavAn buddha kA bhakta kahA gayA hai, jisakI sArI prajA jaina (jinabhakta) thii| somadeva kI dArzanika Arhata bhAvanA spaSTa hI 'kathAsaritsAgara' para 'vasudevahiNDI' ke prabhAva 1. tasyAM kaliGgadattAkhyo rAjA paramasaugataH / abhUtArAvarasphItajinabhaktAkhilaprajAH // tadahiMsApradhAne'sminvatsa mozapradAyini / darzane'tiratizcenme tadadharmo mamAtra kaH // -kathAsaritsAgara, 6.1.12 aura 25

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ko saMketita karatI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke vasudeva kI patnI gandharvadattA campAnagarI ke cArudatta seTha kI putrI hai, parantu budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI madanamaMjukA vaNikpati sAnudAsa kI trailokyasundarI putrI hai / kazmIrI navyodbhAvanoM meM donoM ke pitA gandharvanarezaM haiN| budhasvAmI ne madanamaMjukA ke pAlaka pitA sAnudAsa kI AtmakathA ko samudrI yAtrA meM parAkrama karane kI rasapUrNa kathA ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA hai| isa aMza kI tulanA Azcarya se abhibhUta karanevAlI alipha lailA kI kahAniyoM ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| kintu kazmIrI navyodbhAvanoM meM yaha pUrI kathA chor3a dI gaI hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAvastu isa aMza meM budhasvAmI se milatI hai, kucha aMza to isase bhI adhika rasaghaniSTha haiN| budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' aura saMghadAsagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM na kevala kathAsAmya hai, apitu zabdoM aura vAkyoM ke prayoga meM bhI vismayakArI samAnatA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, vidyAdharoM kA mukhya AvAsa 'veyaDDa' (saM. vaitADhya) parvata kI uttara aura dakSiNa zreNiyoM meM pratiSThita dikhalAyA gayA hai aura 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM use hI 'vaitarddha-kSetra ke rUpa meM saMjJita kiyA gayA hai| donoM kathAkAroM ne 'bRhatkathA' se paizAcI bhASA ke isa zabda kA apane-apane DhaMga se prAkRta aura saMskRta ke bhASika pariveza meM parigrahaNa kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke cauthe nIlayazAlambha kI lalitAMga-kathA ke svayambuddha kI isa ukti-"na juddhe saMpalagge kuMjara-turagadamaNaM kjjsaahgN|" (pR. 168 : pUre grantha meM 'vasudevahiNDI' ke bhAvanagara-saMskaraNa ke AdhAra para pRSTha-saMkhyAe~ sandarbhita haiM ) kA zabdabhAvasAmya 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke nimnAMkita zloka meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : tenoktaM yuddhavelAyAM damyante turagA iti / yadetad ghuSyate loke tadetattathyatAM gatam / / (10.67) _ 'vasudevahiNDI' ke gandharvadattAlambha kI, cArudatta kI AtmakathA meM zalyopacAra ke lie tIna prakAra kI oSadhiyoM kI carcA hai : visallakaraNI, saMjIvaNI aura saMrohiNI / 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM isake pA~ca rUpa haiM : vizalyakaraNI kaacitkaacinmaaNsvivrddhnii| vraNarohaNI kAcitkAcidvarNaprasAdanI // mRtasaJjIvanI cAsAM paJcamI paramauSadhiH / (9.64-65) 'vasudevahiNDI' ke tIsare 'gandharvadattAlambha' kI 'cArudatta kI AtmakathA' kA yathAvat bimba 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke 'pulinadarzana' nAmaka navama sarga meM pratibimbita hai| isI sarga meM tathA 'dohada-sampAdana' nAmaka paMcama sarga meM aMkita 'padmabhaMjikA' yA 'patracchedya' jaisI lokasamAdRta kalA (kamalapatroM para nAkhUna se vividha prakAra ke citroM kI aMkana-kalA) 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'dhammillacarita' (pR. 58) tathA 'gandharvadattAlambha' (pR. 134) meM bhI adbhuta samAnatA ke sAtha pratyaMkita hai| jainakathA-sAhitya meM pracuratA se prayukta bhAruNDa' pakSI, jise budhasvAmI ne garur3a kA jyeSTha putra kahA hai, 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke paMcama sarga meM bhI carcita huA hai| 1. tasara ke vyApAra ke lie prasiddha vartamAna campAnagara, bhAgalapura (bihAra)

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa isa prakAra, ina donoM kathAgranthoM meM, jaisA kahA jA cukA hai, vilakSaNa kathAsAmya anekatra parilakSita hotA hai| jaise : 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke 'yauvarAjyAbhiSeka' nAmaka saptama sarga kI kathA se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pIThikA meM ullikhita buddhisena kA kathAprasaMga tulanIya hai| punaH isI prakAra, 'vasuhevahiNDI' kI pIThikA ke antargata suhiraNyA kI kathA se 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke 'mRgayAvihAra' nAmaka aSTama sarga kI kathA kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| punaH jaisA pahale kahA gayA hai, 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke 'pulinadarzana' nAmaka navama sarga se 'vasudevahiNDI' ke gandharvadattAlambha kI cArudatta kI AtmakathA kA sAmya draSTavya hai / 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke 'rathyAsaMlApa' nAmaka dazama sarga kI kAyastha-kathA ke sandarbha se bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' ke pIThikA-bhAga kI pradyumna-kathA ke puruSabheda-prasaMga kA apUrva sAdRzya hai| phira, vasudevahiNDI' ke pIThikA-bhAga kI buddhisena aura bhogamAlinI ke kathAprasaMga se 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke ukta dazama sarga kI gomukha aura gaNikA kI kathA kI samAnatA dhyAtavya hai| dazama sarga kI hI kathA se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pIThikA meM ullikhita gaNikotpatti kA prasaMga aura suhiraNyA kI kathA kA bimbAnubimba-bhAva spaSTa hai / isake atirikta, 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke 'vegavatI-darzana' nAmaka caudahaveM sarga meM aMkita akAmavatI strI ke sAtha balAtkAra karane se sira ke sau Tukar3e ho jAnevAle abhizApa se sambaddha mAnasavega kI kathA kA pratibimba 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'priyaMgusundarIlambha' kI RSidattA-kathA meM parilakSita hotA hai aura punaH 'vegavatI-lAbha' nAmaka pandrahaveM sarga kI kathA se 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'ketumatIlambha' kI vegavatI-kathA se adbhuta sAmya hai| yoM, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM 'vegavatIlambha' nAma se do svatantralambha (saM. 13 aura 15) bhI haiM / 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke 'gandharvadattA-lAbha' aura 'gandharvadattA-vivAha' nAmaka 16veM aura 17veM sargoM meM prApta kathA kA 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'gandharvadattAlambha' kI kathA se vilakSaNa sAmya kI carcA Upara prakArAntara se kI jA cukI hai| DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' ke svasampAdita aMgarejI-saMskaraNa ('di vasudevahiNDI : en oNtheNTika jaina varsana oNva di bRhatkathA') meM 'vasudevahiNDI' aura 'bRhatka thAzlokasaMgraha' kA vizada rUpa se tulanAtmaka adhyayana (pR. 28-155) kiyA hai, sAtha hI unhoMne donoM ke kathAnakoM kI samAnatA hI nahIM, donoM kI zAbdika abhivyakti kI AzcaryakAraka sadRzatA kA bhI digdarzana bar3I vidagdhatA ke sAtha kiyA hai aura samastambha rUpa meM 'zyAmalIlambha', 'gandharvadattAlambha', 'nIlayazAlambha', 'somazrIlambha', 'puNDrAlambha' aura 'vegavatIlambha' ke katipaya sthaloM ke AzcaryakArI sAmyamUlaka aMza ko puMkhAnupukha upasthita karake zodhazrama kA eka nayA pratimAna prastuta kiyA hai| ukta donoM kathAgranthoM meM isa prakAra se choTI-se-choTI bAtoM aura varNana kI kalAtmakatA meM. rocaka kathAsAdRzya ko dekhate hue yaha anumAna sahaja hI kiyA jA sakatA hai ki budhasvAmI aura saMghadAsagaNI ke samakSa guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' kA mUlarUpa nyUnAdhika antara ke sAtha vidyamAna thaa| isa sandarbha meM oNlsaDorpha kA yaha dhyAtavya niSkarSa hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kA antima kathAbhAga prAcIna 'bRhatkathA' kA viziSTa rasapezala lAkSaNika nidarzana prastuta karatA hai aura sarvAMzataH avalokana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki mUla 'bRhatkathA' kI lAkSaNikatA evaM guNADhya kI kAvyazakti apane adhikAMza jIvanta rUpa meM 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vidyamAna hai (dra. pUrvavat : 'e nyU varsana oNva di laoNsTa bRhatkathA oNva gunnaaddhy)|

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34 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___ isa UhApoha se yaha spaSTa hai ki guNAnya kI 'bRhatkathA' ke mUlarUpa ke AnumAnika darzana ke nimitta naipAlI-navyodbhAvana 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' tathA prAkRta-navyodbhAvana 'vasudevahiNDI' adhika upayukta haiN| phira bhI, 'vasudevahiNDI (jaina AsaMgoM ko chor3akara), 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' aura kathAsaritsAgara'-ina cAroM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se 'bRhatkathA' ke maulika svarUpa kI sattA AbhAsita hotI hai| 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' aura 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pUrvAparavarttitA ke katipaya vicAraNIya pakSa : 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke vyAkhyAtA phreMca-manISI pro. lAkota kI dRSTi meM 'vasudevahiNDI' nahIM A sakI thii| sabase pahale isa mahattvapUrNa grantha kI ora prAkRta ke talasparza adhItI jarmana-vidvAn luDaviga oNlsaDorpha kA dhyAna AkRSTa huaa| phalasvarUpa, unhoMne, san 1935 I. meM, roma kI 'antararASTrIya prAcyavidyA-pariSad' meM eka zodhapUrNa nibandha kA pATha kiyA, jisameM 'vasudevahiNDI' ko guNADhya kI bRhatkathA kA jaina rUpAntara batAte hue, isa grantha ko kathA-sAhitya ke itihAsa meM yugAntara upasthita karanevAlA siddha kiyaa| isake atirikta, unhoMne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke bhASApakSa para bhI svatantra lekha likhA / (vizeSa vivaraNa isI grantha ke bhASAzAstrIya adhyayana ke prasaMga meM draSTavya hai|) ___ oNlsaDorpha ke bAda isa bhAratIya grantharatna ke sandarbha meM manISiyoM kI cintanadhArA ekabAragI avaruddha ho gaI / bhArata ke isa kathArana ko parakhanevAlI vidvadRSTi kA abhAva hI rahA / bhAratIya jaina yA jainetara manISiyoM kA bhI koI viziSTa AkarSaNa isa ora nahIM dRSTigata huaa| san 1946 I. meM pro. bhogIlAla jayacandabhAI sANDesarA ne isa grantha kA gujarAtI meM anuvAda prastuta kiyaa| isake atirikta bhArata meM isapara kahIM koI carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI / yadyapi pAzcAtya manISiyoM meM isa grantha kI kathAoM ke adhyayana ke prati abhiruci banI rahI aura sphuTa rUpa se do-eka lekha bhI likhe gye| bhAratIya zAstra ke antararASTrIya khyAti ke adhItI vidvAn sTenakono ne 'vasudevahiNDI' kI katipaya viziSTa kahAniyoM kA san 1946 I. meM hI naoNrave kI bhASA meM anuvAda prakAzita kiyaa| tadanantara, san 1950 I. meM zodhapuruSa zrIagaracanda nAhaTAjI ne kAzI kI 'nAgarIpracAriNI-patrikA' (varSa 55, saM. 2007 vi) meM 'vasudevahiNDI' zIrSaka se sAmAnya paricayAtmaka lekha likhakara hindI-jagat ko pahalI bAra kathA-sAhitya meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kI anullaMghanIya sattA aura mahattA kI sUcanA dii| phira, san 1959 I. meM 'caturbhANI' ke khyAtanAmA sampAdakadvaya DaoN. motIcandra aura DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne ukta pustaka (upanAma : guptakAlIna 'zRMgArahATa') kI bhUmikA meM, prAcIna bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana kI carcA ke krama meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' ko bAra-bAra uddhRta kiyaa| punaH san 1960 I. meM, bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad se prakAzita 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke prathama khaNDa kI bhUmikA meM. DaoN. agravAla ne, yathAcarcita pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke kathanoM kA uddharaNa prastuta karate hue 'vasudevahiNDI' kA saMkSipta AlocanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyaa| punaH san 1965 I. meM. nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya ke DaoN. e. pI. jamakheDakara ne pro. es. vI. deva ke nirdezana meM 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita vidyAdharoM ke sambandha meM zodhakArya prastuta kiyaa|

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35 vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI sphuTa carcA kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM hotI rhii| san 1970 I. meM ahamadAbAda ke lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti-vidyAmandira se DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina kI kRti, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI katipaya utkRSTa kathAoM ke saMgraha - rUpa meM, 'prAkRta jainakathA-sAhitya' nAma se prakAzita huI aura phira san 1976 I. meM DaoN. jaina dvArA sampAdita - anUdita 'vasudevahiNDI' kA a~garejI - saMskaraNa ukta saMskRti - mandira se hI prakAza meM aayaa| prastuta a~garejI-saMskaraNa 'vasudevahiNDI' ke anuzIlana kI dizA meM sarvathA abhinava prayAsa hai / DaoN. jaina ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke apane ukta a~garejI- saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA meM saujanyavaza ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka dvArA kiye jAnevAle 'vasudevahiNDI' ke zodha prayAsa kI carcA to kI hI hai, unhoMne isa kathAgrantha ke vibhinna pakSoM para kIla, zikAgo, kainabarA Adi yunivarsiTiyoM meM honevAle zodha kAryoM kA bhI vivaraNa diyA hai| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke adhyayana kA vikAsa jisa rUpa meM, vidvajjagat meM hotA rahA, usa rUpa meM 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kA nahIM huA / saMskRta-granthoM ke navyodbhAvana kI paramparA kA sAtatya prAyaH parilakSita nahIM hotA / mUla 'bRhatkathA' saMskRta meM likhI gaI hotI, to kadAcit usake itane navyodbhAvanoM kI sambhAvanA nahIM hotI / guNADhya kI mUla 'bRhatkathA' ke pracAra ke lie rAjA sAtavAhana ke prayAsa kI carcA 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM kI gaI hai| isa krama meM usa rAjA ne 'bRhatkathA' kI kaI pratiyA~ (dezI bhASA meM) taiyAra karAI hoMgI, yaha anumAna bhI asatya nahIM hai / 'bRhatkathA' ke cAra prasiddha navyodbhAvakoM-- budhasvAmI, saMghadAsagaNI, kSemendra aura somadeva ke samakSa 'bRhatkathA' kI eka na eka pratilipi avazya vidyamAna rahI hogI / isakA saMketa saMskRta ke navyodbhAvakoM ne prasaMgavaza kara diyA hai; kintu, saMghadAsagaNI isa bAre meM bilakula mauna haiN| vaha itane pahu~ce hue kathAkAra the ki unhoMne 'bRhatkathA' kA jo navyodbhAvana prastuta kiyA, aura usameM aneka aisI manoraMjaka kathAe~ jor3IM ki vaha eka svatantra kathAgrantha ke rUpa meM udbhAvita huA / aura taba, azvaghoSa aura kAlidAsa ke samAna hI budhasvAmI aura saMghadAsagaNI kI pUrvAparavarttitA sahaja hI vivAdAspada ho uThI / yahA~taka ki saMghadAsagaNI ke bAre meM paricaya prastuta karanA yA unake sthAna aura kAla kA nirdhAraNa karanA bhI duSkara ho gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM pro. lAkota ke dvArA hastalekha ke AdhAra para ' prastuta budhasvAmI ke kAlanirNaya (aSTama-navama zatI) ke pariprekSya meM jaina vidvAnoM ke isa Agraha ko sahaja hI yaha avasara mila jAtA hai ki 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' 'vasudevahiNDI' kI paravarttI racanA hai / isa Agraha kA AdhAra prAkRta aura apabhraMza-sAhitya meM abhivyakta mAnavavAda kI vaha vidrohI vicAradhArA hai, jisane kaI bAra mriyamANa saMskRta-sAhitya ko punarujjIvita kiyA hai| paizAcI - prAkRta meM nibaddha guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' ne saMskRta-nibaddha 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', 'kathAsaritsAgara', 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' Adi ke rUpa meM apane navyodbhAvanoM dvArA nizcaya hI saMskRta-sAhitya ko punarujjIvana pradAna kiyA hai| aura phira, prAkRta kI saMskRta - pUrvavarttitAmUlaka vaicArika matavAda ke anubandha meM 'vasudevahiNDI' ko pUrvavarttI kahanA 1. DaoN. kItha kA anumAna hai ki hastalekhoM kI paramparA se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki upalabdha hastalekhoM ke likhe jAne (prAcIna samaya se bArahavIM zatI taka) se bahuta pahale hI ukta (bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha) grantha kI racanA ho cukI hogI / - 'saM. sA. kA itihAsa', pR. 324

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36 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA tarkasaMgata hote hue bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' aura 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM AdhArAdheya-sambandha mAnanA yA isa prakAra kA vaktavya denA saMgata nahIM hai| kintu yaha satya hai ki 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' aura 'vasudevahiNDI' ke racayitAoM ne 'bRhatkathA' kI mUla sAmagrI kA svecchAnusAra upayoga kiyaa| brAhmaNa- paramparA kI itanI camatkArapUrNa vilakSaNa kathA ko zramaNa paramparA meM bhI upasthita karanA jaina manISiyoM ke lie parama Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya bhI thA / yaha vismayakArI tathya dhyAtavya hai ki sArasvata samRddhi kI dRSTi se brAhmaNa- paramparA aura zramaNa paramparA ke sAhityika rUpoM kI pArasparikatA itanI saghana aura samAntara hai ki donoM ke bIca AdhArAdheyatA kI vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcanA atizaya kaThina kArya hai| isa sambandha meM DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina kI, 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM anupalabdha kathAvastu ke 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pAye jAne kI bAta adhika sabala nahIM pratIta hotI / yadyapi, DaoN. kItha ko 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prati dekhane kA avasara nahIM milA thA, phira bhI unhoMne yathAprApta AdhAroM se yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki "kazmIrI granthakAroM kI apekSA budhasvAmI ne apanI racanA ke AdhAra - grantha 'bRhatkathA' kA kahIM adhika satyatA se anusaraNa kiyA hai|"" 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' apUrNa raha gayA hai, kintu 'vasudevahiNDI' bhI to pUrNa nahIM hai / saMghadAsagaNI kI vilakSaNa aura vimohaka kathA yA prabandha-kalpanA ko kevala 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI anupalabdha kathAvastu na mAnakara use unakA vicitra navyodbhAvana kahanA adhika ucita yA nyAyasaMgata hogA / DaoN. kItha kA anumAna hai ki sampUrNa 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' apane upalabdha aMza ke samAna hI vistAra se likhA gayA thA, to usameM paccIsa hajAra padya rahe hoNge| kintu upalabdha aMza ukta grantha kA eka khaNDamAtra hai| kisI samucita pramANa ke abhAva meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha prArambha meM khaNDita hai athavA isake prArambha meM kazmIrI rUpAntaroM tathA naipAla- mAhAtmya meM diye hue AkhyAna' ke samAna prakRta kathA-saMgraha ke udgama ke sambandha meM koI vivaraNa bhI kabhI sammilita thA / yaha sargoM meM vibhakta hai, jinameM aba kevala aTThAIsa sarga avaziSTa haiM, jo sambhavatayA mUla grantha kA kevala eka aMzamAtra hai, phira bhI isameM lagabhaga sAr3he cAra hajAra se adhika (4539) padya haiN| 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI kathA sahasA madhya se prArambha hotI hai : pradyota kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai aura usakA putra gopAla usakA uttarAdhikArI hone ko hai, tabhI usako (gopAla ko ) isa bAta kI sUcanA milatI hai ki prajA use hI apane pitA kI mRtyu kA kAraNa samajhatI hai / phalataH, vaha apane anuja pAlaka se apane sthAna para rAjyAsIna hone kA Agraha karatA hai ( sarga 1) | pAlaka suyogya zAsaka nahIM thA / vaha kisI preraNA se, jise vaha daivI saMketa samajhatA hai, gopAla ke putra, avantivarddhana ke hita meM rAjyasiMhAsana kA parityAga kara detA hai (sarga 2) / gopAla kA putra eka mAtaMgaputrI, surasamaMjarI ke prema meM Asakta ho jAtA hai| vaha (surasamaMjarI) apane pitA ke samAna vastutaH vidyAdhara-vaMza kI hI hai, jisase vaha vivAha kara letA hai / parantu, surasamaMjarI kI kAmanA 1. dra. 'saMskRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa' (vahI), anUdita saMskaraNa, san 1960 I., pR. 323--326 2. 'naipAla-mAhAtmya' (a. 27-29) meM ziva-pArvatI-saMvAda ke rUpa meM ullikhita 'bRhatkathA' kI udgama-kathA kA, hindI meM prastuta, sArabhAga 'kathAsaritsAgara ( pariSad - saMskaraNa) ke prathama khaNDa kI, DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla- likhita, bhUmikA (pR. 20-21) meM draSTavya hai|

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37 vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa karanevAlA ipphaka' (ityaka) nAmaka eka IrSyAdagdha vidyAdhara usakI vadhU ke sAtha usakA bhI apaharaNa kara letA hai| inhIM devayoniyoM meM eka dUsare vyakti divAkaradeva dvArA unakI rakSA kI jAtI hai| anta meM samrAT naravAhanadatta rAjA avantivarddhana ke sAtha surasamaMjarI ke vivAha ke pakSa meM nirNaya detA hai aura ipphaka ko eka varSa ke lie vArANasI ke zmazAna meM preta kA abhizapta jIvana bitAne kI sajA bhI (sarga 3) / kAzyapa Adi RSiyoM ke Agraha para hI naravAhanadatta apanI sAmrAjya-prApti aura chabbIsa vivAhoM kI kathA sunAtA hai| kathA ke krama meM hI yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki madanamaMjukA se, jo kaliMgasenA gaNikA kI putrI hai, usakA vivAha hotA hai| eka dina madanamaMjukA tirohita ho jAtI hai aura phira usI ke anveSaNa-krama meM naravAhanadatta ko aneka prakAra ke romAMcaka sAhasa-pUrNa kAryoM kA pradarzana karanA par3atA hai, aura isI krama meM use aura bhI paliyA~ hastagata hotI haiN| isa prakAra, naravAhanadatta dvArA saMketita chabbIsa paliyoM ke vivAha kI kathA 'bRhatkathAzloka saMgraha' meM pUrI nahIM ho pAI hai, isalie 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' apUrNa grantha hai, jisako AdhArAdarza yA upajIvya banAkara likhI gaI 'vasudevahiNDI' ko bhI apUrNa hI chor3a diyA gayA hai| kintu, itanA spaSTa hai ki 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' aura usake bAda upalabdha 'vasudevahiNDI'-ina donoM mahattvapUrNa navyodbhAvanoM se, jaisA pahale kahA jA cukA hai, 'bRhatkathA' ke mUlarUpa ke nirdhAraNa meM paryApta sahAyatA milI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke atirikta paravartI kathA-sAhitya para guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' kA prabhAva : guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' ne na kevala 'vasudevahiNDI' ko prabhAvita kiyA hai, apitu paravartI prAkRta, apabhraMza aura saMskRta-kathAsAhitya ko bhI punarujjIvita kiyA hai / guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' para AdhRta 'vasudevahiNDI' ke antargata 'dhammillacarita' meM agaDadattamuni kI AtmakathA upalabdha hotI hai / isa kathA ko AcArya devendragaNI (11-12vIM zatI) ne 'agaDadattacariyaM' nAma se svatantra rUpa meM gAthAbaddha karake alaMkRta kAvya kA rUpa de diyaa| saMghadAsagaNivAcaka kI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI vizeSatA isa mAnI meM hai ki isake yugAntarakArI kathAlekhaka ne apane prastuta kathAgrantha meM prAkkAlIna loka-kathAoM meM bikhare hue kathAbIjoM ko samAhRta kara use aisA rasasikta aura vyavasthita rUpa diyA hai ki usakI prabhAva-paramparA kA eka asamApya pakSa hI upanyasta ho gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki agaDadatta jaisA adamya sAhasI, prabala parAkramI, mahAprAjJa aura mitamadhurabhASI puruSa loka-paramparA kA atizaya priya caritanAyaka bana gayA hai| apane puruSArtha se asambhava kArya ko bhI sambhava kara denevAle kisI vyakti ko hama sahaja hI 'agar3adhatta' kaha dete haiN| laukika kahAvatoM aura muhAvaroM meM bhI 'agar3adhatta' nAma pracalita-prathita ho gayA hai / vastutaH, yaha 'agar3adhatta' aura koI nahIM, pratyuta 'vasudevahiNDI' kI agaDadatta-kathA kA nAyaka 'agaDadatta' hI hai| prathamAnuyoga ke prakhyAta apabhraMza-kavi puSpadanta dvArA 'NAyakumAracariu' meM citrita nAgakumAra kA caritra naravAhanadatta yA vasudeva ke cAritryotkarSa kI prabhA se hI paridIpta hai| 1. 'vasudevahiNDI' meM 'ipphaka' ke sthAna para 'hepphaka' yA 'hepphaga' nAma kA ullekha huA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA isake atirikta, prathamAnuyoga ke antargata saMskRta ke pramukha kavi, jaise jinasena (8-9vIM zatI) ne 'harivaMzapurANa' hemacandra (12vIM zatI) ne 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita', jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra (8- 9 vIM zatI) ne 'uttarapurANa' aura puSpadanta (11 vIM zatI) ne 'mahApurANa' meM bRhatkathA kI paramparA kA svatantra rUpa se anusaraNa kiyA hai| 'bRhatkathA' ke antargata gandharvadattA aura cArudatta kI kathA itanI adhika lokapriya huI ki vaha prAya: paravartI sampUrNa kathA - vAGmaya meM anucitrita huI / hariSeNa (8 - 10vIM zatI) ne 'bRhatkathAkoza', devendragaNI (11-12vIM zatI) ne 'AkhyAnamaNikoza', maladhArihemacandra (12vIM zatI) ne 'bhava-bhAvanA' aura rAmacandra mumukSu (16vIM zatI) ne 'puNyAsravakathAkoza' meM ukta kathA kA samAveza kara apanI kathA - racanA ko vikasita - pallavita kiyA hai| 38 kahanA na hogA ki mahAkavi guNADhya eka sAtha hI karmaTha aura adhyavasAyI, udbhaTa pratyAlocaka, manasvI satyasandha, sukumAra zailI ke sulalita kavi, nirbhIka aura utkrAntikArI tathA rasavAdI aupanyAsika the / sAtha hI, unakI 'bRhatkathA' hRdaya-vimohaka aura sArthaka kathAkRti hai / paizAcI meM guNADhya ne itanI saphalatA ke sAtha 'romAMsa' ko apane kathAgrantha meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| ki usake prabhAva kA paravarttI kathA-sAhitya para pAramparINa saMkramaNa asahaja nahIM hai / guNADhya ke caritra-citraNa meM AdarzavAda ke puTa se hama ullasita ho jAte haiM, utsAhita ho jAte haiM, nirAza nahIM hote; ha~sane lagate haiM, rone nahIM lagate; bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa para hama garvita ho jAte haiM, usake doSoM ko par3hakara lajjita nahIM ho jAnA par3atA hai| yaha AdarzavAda akele guNA ko kathAkAroM meM agragaNya banAne ko paryApta hai / 'bRhatkathA' ko cAhe jisa dRSTikoNa se dekheM-maulikatA, caritra-citraNa, bhASA, varNana-zailI, utkRSTatA, saphalatA - sabhI taraha se vaha advitIya hai aura vizvasAhitya ke yogya kathAgranthoM meM pAMkteya hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' isI advitIya kathAgrantha kA ananya navyodbhAvana hai, jisakI prabhAvAnviti se sampUrNa bhAratIya kathA - vAGmaya hI nahIM, apitu vizva-kathAvAGmaya anuprANita hai / (kha) 'vasudevahiNDI' kA kathAsaMkSepa 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva kA yAtrA - vRttAnta upanyasta hai / vaha (vasudeva) jainoM ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke cacere bhAI the / vasudevajI ne sampUrNa bRhattara bhArata kA hiNDana, arthAt bhramaNa kiyA thA, isalie isa kathAkRti kA nAma 'vasudevahiNDI' sArthaka hai / yaha mahatkathA yA vasudeva kA yAtrA-vRttAnta sAhasika evaM romAMcakArI, zRMgArI evaM samuttejaka AkhyAnoM aura upAkhyAnoM se bharA huA hai| isake romAnI AkhyAnoM meM kAmakathAoM para AdhRta dharmakathAoM ko bar3I svAbhAvikatA se samAviSTa karane kA racanA - zilpa parilakSita hotA hai, jisase kathA - sAhitya kA yaha gaurava-grantha kAmAdhyAtma kI mahatkathA ke rUpa meM zIrSastha ho gayA hai| sAtha hI, yaha na kevala uttarakAlIna jaina lekhakoM, apitu jainetara kathAlekhakoM ke lie bhI utkRSTa kathAdarza ke rUpa pratiSThita hai| lokottaracarita vasudeva kA vilakSaNa vyaktitva : dvAravatI nagarI ke dasa dazArho (yAdavoM) meM vasudeva kA sthAna dasavA~ aura antima thaa| dasa dazArha isa prakAra haiM : samudravijaya, akSobha, stimita, sAgara, himavAn, acala, dharaNa, pUraNa, abhicanda aura

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa vsudev| cakravartI vasudeva bar3e vilakSaNa svAbhimAnI aura aparAjeya vIra yoddhA the| vaha satraha sAgaropama kAla taka svarga meM rahane ke bAda manuSya-yoni meM cyuta hue the| unheM sArA vidyAe~ adhigata thiiN| vaha citrakAritA, saMgIta, nRtya, puSpasajjA, kAmakrIr3A Adi vibhinna lalita kalAoM meM AcArya the, sAtha hI cikitsAzAstra ke bhI marmajJa the| Arhata dharma-darzana aura bArhata veda-vedAMga ke to pAragAmI vidvAn the, athaca vyAkaraNa, chanda Adi zAstroM ke bhI mahApaNDita the| lokasevA aura lokoddhAra hI unakA jIvana-vrata thaa| zalAkApuruSoM meM parigaNanIya vasudeva kA rUpa adbhuta thaa| unakA aMga-pratyaMga aMgalakSaNa yA aMgavidyA ke vizeSajJoM dvArA nirdhArita lakSaNoM se sampanna thaa| unakA rUpa-varNana karate hue saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne likhA hai ki vasudeva kI aMgazobhA aisI thI ki lokadRSTi usakA bhoga karane lagatI thI; unake zarIra para, unakA, mukuTa pahanane yogya mastaka chatra kI bhA~ti virAjatA thA; unake kAle-kAle dakSiNAvarta (dAI ora se ghugharAle) keza bar3e cikane the / mu~ha zarad Rtu ke pUrNa candra ko bhI zaramA detA thA; lalATa kA paTala ThIka arddhacandra kI taraha lagatA thA; sUrya kI kiraNoM se vikasita kamala jaisI unakI A~kheM mana moha letI thIM; unakI nAka to behada sundara thI; donoM hoMTha vIravadhUTI (indragopa) aura mUMge ke samAna bilakula lAla the; naI koMpala jaisI lapalapAtI lAla jIbha sA~pa kI jIbha ke samAna lagatI thI; unake mu~ha meM dA~ta kI paMkti kamala ke bIca chipI kundakalI kI mAlA (paMkti) ke samAna zobhA bikheratI thI; kAnoM meM laTakate kuNDaloM kI kamanIyatA mana ko ramAne lagatI thI, unakA dAr3hA bahuta vizAla thA; zaMkha jaisI garadana meM tIna rekhAe~ par3I rahatI thIM; unakA vakSaHsthala zreSThamaNi kI caTTAna ke samAna thA; hAtha ke pahu~ce yA kalAI aura kehunI ke bIca ke hisse kA racAva bar3A prazasta thA; nagaradvAra kI lauha-argalA jaisI lambI aura sudRr3ha bhujAe~ dekhate hI banatI thIM; unakI hatheliyA~ bar3I puSTa aura zubhalakSaNoMvAlI thIM; unakI kamara mana ko mugdha karanevAlI, (nAbhi ke girda) romarAji se raMjita tathA a~guliyoM kI pakar3a meM Ane lAyaka thI; nAbhi khilate kamala ke samAna thI; kaTibhAga uttama ghor3e ke kaTibhAga ke samAna vartulAkAra thA; ghuTane aura Takhane ke bIca kA bhAga (jaMghA) hAthI kI sUMr3a ke samAna ramaNIya aura sthira thA; ghuTane kI haDDI ubharI huI na hokara mAMsalatA se AvRta thI, hirana kI jaisI jA~ghe thIM; unake kUrmAkRti paira calate samaya dharatI se cipake se lagate the, jisake talave meM zaMkha, cakra aura chatra aMkita the / darpadIpta vRSabha ke samAna vaha bar3I lalita gati meM calate the; unakI, uttama artha aura svara kI gUMja yA ghulAvaTavAlI vANI ko sunakara kAna ko sukha milatA thaa| isa prakAra, unakI zArIrika saMracanA hI kaha detI thI ki isa mahApuruSa meM sampUrNa mahItala ke pAlana kI kSamatA nihita hai (padmAlambha :pR. 204) / anyatra bhI saMghadAsagaNI ne vasudeva ke apUrva rUpa ke varNana meM unakI mahAnubhAgatA ko sUcita karanevAlI alaukika AMgika saMracanA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / vahA~ bhI unake mukuTabhAjana mastaka ko chatrAkAra aura mukha ko pUrNacandra kI chavi ko hara lenevAlA kahA gayA hai / A~kheM zveta puNDarIka ke samAna thIM; phaNadhara ke phaNa ke samAna unakI bhujAe~ thIM; atizaya zobhAzAlI vakSaHsthala nagaradvAra ke bRhat kapATa ke samAna thA; zarIra kA madhyabhAga vajra ke samAna thA; nAbhi kamalakoSa ke samAna thI; unakI kaTi ke samakSa kesarI kI kaTi upahAsAspada lagatI thI; donoM Uru (ghuTane aura Takhane ke bIca kA bhAga) hastizAvaka ke mRdula zuNDAdaNDa kI taraha bhAsita hote the; jA~ghoM kI saMracanA kuruvinda (maNi-vizeSa) ke samAna gola, cikanI aura camakadAra thI; donoM paira to zubha lakSaNoM ke AgAra hI the / isa prakAra kI

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA zalAkApuruSopama zArIrika saMghaTanA vasudeva ke cakravarttitva kI sUcanA to detI hI thI, unake uttamabuddhi hone kI bhI paricAyikA thI (bhadramitrA - satyarakSitA- lambha: pR. 353) / 40 kathA-saMkSepa : vastutaH, vasudeva kA atimAnuSa madanamanohara rUpa hI unake ghara se bhAgane aura vizAla bhArata ke bhramaNa karane kA kAraNa bnaa| vasudeva ke pUrvabhava ke bAre meM saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne rAjA andhakavRSNa aura supratiSTha sAdhu ke saMvAda ke mAdhyama se bar3I manoraMjaka kathA upanyasta kI hai (dra. zyAmAvijayAlambha : pR. 114 - 120 ) / vasudeva, rAjA andhakavRSNi ke dasaveM putra the 1 vindhyaparvata kI tarAI meM avasthita siMhaguhA nAma kI corapallI ke senApati aparAjita kI patnI vanamAlA se dasa putra utpanna hue: surUpa, virUpa, mandarUpa, sAdhya, avadhya, dAha, vidAha, kuzIla evaM karaMka | bahuta pApa arjita karane ke kAraNa ye sabhI sAtavIM pRthvI para nArakI ho gye| vahA~ se gatyantara prApta karake unhoMne jala, sthala aura AkAzacArI caturindriya, trIndriya aura dvIndriya tiryagyoniyoM meM janma grahaNa kiyA aura vahA~ ke duHkhoM ko bhogakara sAdhAraNa (aneka jIvoMvAle kanda Adi) aura bAdara (sthUla) vanaspatiyoM meM utpanna hue / vanaspati-yoniyoM meM bahuta dinoM taka vAsa karane ke bAda, apane karmasaMcaya kSINa karake ve bhadrilapura ke rAjA megharatha, jisakI rAnI kA nAma subhadrA aura putra kA nAma dazaratha thA, zAsanakAla meM, eka ko chor3a, zeSa nau vanaspati- jIva, zramaNopAsaka dhanamitra zreSThI kI patnI vijayanandA ke garbha se putra rUpa meM utpanna hue, jinake nAma the : jinadAsa, jinagupta, jinadeva, jinadatta, jinapAlita, arhaddatta, arhaddAsa, arhaddeva aura dharmaruci / dhanamitra seTha ke do putriyA~ bhI huIM priyadarzanA aura sudrshnaa| usI samaya mandara nAma ke sAdhu gaNa-sahita, bhadrilapura meM zItalanAtha jinadeva kI janmabhUmi para pdhaare| apane pitA ke sAtha k navoM bhAiyoM ne mandara sAdhu ke nikaTa pravrajyA le lii| rAjA megharatha ne bhI apane putra dazaratha ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara niSkramaNa kiyaa| garbhavatI vijayanandA ne zeSa dasaveM vanaspati- jIva ko dhanadeva nAmaka putra ke rUpa meM janma dekara usakA bAraha varSoM taka lAlana-pAlana kiyA aura use usake pitA dhanamitra zreSThI ke sthAna para pratiSThita kara vaha (vijayanandA) apanI donoM beTiyoM ke sAtha pravrajita ho gaI / dhanamitra zreSThI aura rAjA megharatha to mokSagAmI hue, zeSa sabhI ( dhanadeva-sahita dasoM bhAI) acyuta nAmaka svarga meM devatA hue| vijayanandA apane putroM aura putriyoM se punaH sambandha kI bAta socakara unake prati snehAnurakta " banI rahI aura putriyoM ke sAtha zarIra tyAga karake usane bhI acyuta kalpa meM hI devatva prApta kiyA / vijayanandA acyuta kalpa se cyuta hokara mathurA nagarI ke rAjA atibala kI rAnI sunetrA ke garbha se bhadrA nAma kI putrI ke rUpa meM utpanna huI / yahI bhadrA jaba bar3I huI, taba usakA vivAha andhakavRSNi se huaa| ukta acyuta kalpavAsI devatA ( vijayanandA ke garbha se utpanna jinadAsa Adi dasa putra) vahA~ se cyuta hokara bhadrA ke garbha se hI samudravijaya Adi (dasa dazArha) nAmadhAraka putra ke rUpa meM utpanna hue aura usakI ( pUrvabhava kI vijayanandA kI) donoM putriyA~ (priyadarzanA aura sudarzanA) punaH unake garbha se kuntI aura mAdrI ke nAma se utpanna huiiN| ina donoM kA kramazaH pANDu aura damaghoSa ke sAtha vivAha huA /

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa pUrvokta (pUrvabhava meM) sAdhAraNa aura bAdara vanaspati-jIva meM upapanna vijayanandA ke dasa putroM meM zeSa eka putra (dhanadeva) gatyantara prApta karake magadha-janapada ke palAzapura grAma meM skandila nAmaka brAhmaNa kI somilA nAma kI patnI se nandisena nAmaka putra ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| bacapana meM hI usake mAtA-pitA mara gaye / 'yaha putra azobhana hai' yaha kahakara logoM ne bhI usakA parityAga kara diyaa| phalata: vaha bhikSAvRtti se apanA jIvana bitAtA rhaa| eka dina usake mAmA ne use apane pAsa bulA liyaa| mAmA ke yathAkrama utpanna tIna kanyAe~ thiiN| mAmA ne usa nandisena se kahA : "tuma yahA~ vizvasta hokara rho| tumheM maiM apanI pahalI putrI de duuNgaa| merI gauoM kI sevA-zuzrUSA karate rho|" jaba mAmA kI pahalI putrI javAna ho gaI aura use patA cala gayA ki daridra nandisena ko vaha dI jAyagI, taba usane sApha inakAra kara diyA : "yadi isa daridra se merA vivAha hogA, to maiM AtmahatyA kara luuNgii|" nandisena ne jaba yaha sunA, taba usane ise mAmA se kahA / mAmA ne use dhIraja ba~dhAyA : "agara pahalI putrI taiyAra nahIM hogI, to dUsarI de duuNgaa|" lekina, dUsarI aura isI prakAra tIsarI putrI ne bhI nandisena ke sAtha vivAha karane se inakAra kara diyaa| mAmA ne use phira Azvasta kiyA : "yadi merI tInoM putriyA~ tumheM nahIM cAhatIM, to maiM kahIM anyatra tumhArA viziSTatara sambandha kruuNgaa| tuma nirAza mata ho|" __ taba, nandisena ne socA : jaba mAmA kI lar3akiyoM ne mujhe nahIM cAhA, taba parAI lar3akiyA~ mujhe kyoM caaheNgii| isa prakAra, parama mana:santApa ke sAtha vaha mAmA ke gA~va se nikala par3A aura ratnapura calA gyaa| vahA~ vasanta Rtu meM, upavanoM meM icchita yuvatiyoM ke sAtha ramaNa karate taruNoM ko dekhakara vaha apane durbhAgyapUrNa jIvana ko kosane lagA aura isI mana:sthiti meM kucha nizcaya ke sAtha vaha latA, per3a aura jhAr3iyoM se saghana eka upavana meM calA gyaa| usa upavana ke eka latAgRha meM susthita nAma ke sAdhu prazasta dhyAna meM baiThe the| nandisena ne unheM nahIM dekhA aura unhIM ke nikaTa, marane kI icchA se apane gale meM lattara kI pha~sarI DAlane lgaa| dayAlu sAdhu ne use rokA : "nandisena ! dussAhasa mata kro|" nandisena ke mana meM zaMkA huI ki gA~va se koI mere pIche-pIche AyA hai aura vahI roka rahA hai| para, kahIM kisI ko na dekhakara phira gale meM pha~sarI DAlane lgaa| use phira sAdhu ne rokaa| nandisena, jidhara se AvAja A rahI thI, udhara hI gyaa| muni ko dekhakara usane abhivAdana kiyA aura unake nikaTa baiTha gyaa| __ susthita sAdhu ne samajhAyA : "zrAvaka ! akaraNIya kArya se maranevAlA paraloka meM bhI sukhI nahIM hotaa|" nandisena praznAtmaka svara meM bolA : "paraloka hai, isakA vizvAsa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? athavA, dharma karane se sukha milatA hai, isakA kyA pramANa hai ?" taba avadhijJAna-sampanna sAdhu ne use paraloka ke astitva aura dharmakArya se sukhaprApti meM vizvAsa utpanna karAnevAlI kathA sunaaii| susthita sAdhu se prabodhita nandisena tapasyA aura janasevA meM lIna rahakara sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM, mahAtapasvI ke rUpa meM prasiddha ho gyaa| devarAja indra ne bhI devasabhA meM aMjali bA~dhakara usakA guNa-kIrtana kiyaa| devatA bahuta prayAsa karake bhI use vyAvRtti (sevA)-dharma se vicalita nahIM kara ske| phira bhI, do devoM ne indra ke kathana ke prati azraddhAbhAva rakhate hue usakI (nandisena kI) parIkSA lii| donoM ne sAdhu kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA, jinameM eka, saniveza ke bAhara rogI hokara par3a

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42 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA gayA aura dUsarA nandisena ke AvAsa meM jAkara niSThara zabdoM meM usakI bhartsanA karane lagA : "bAhara rogI par3A huA hai aura tuma sevAvRtti svIkAra karake bhI ghara meM so rahe ho !" nandisena har3abar3Akara uThA aura bolA : " sevAkArya kA Adeza ho|" devasAdhu ne kahA : "bAhara atisAra se grasta tRSAkula rogI par3A hai| usake lie jo upAya jAnate ho, kro|" vratasthita nandisena vinA pAraNa kiye hI rogI ke lie pAnaka (viziSTa peya) khojane nikala pdd'aa| nandisena kI bhakti ke prati AsthArahita deva ne pAnaka kA kRtrima abhAva utpanna kara diyaa| phira bhI, nandisena pAnaka lekara rogI ke samIpa pahu~ca hI gyaa| rogI use gAliyA~ detA huA bolA : "tumhArA hI AsarA lekara maiM aisI hAlata meM AyA huuN| aura, tuma bhojanalampaTa banakara merI upekSA kara rahe ho? are abhAge ! tuma kevala 'sevAkArI' zabda se hI santoSa karate ho !" nandisena ne prasanna citta se namratApUrvaka nivedana kiyA : "aparAdha kSamA kareM, mujhe AjJA deM, maiM ApakI sevA karatA huuN|" yaha kahakara usane mala se bhare rogI ke zarIra ko dho diyaa| aura, use, nIroga hone kA AzvAsana dekara, upAzraya (jainasAdhuoM ke AvAsa) meM le gyaa| rogI paga-paga para use kaThora bAteM kahatA aura usakI bhartsanA karatA, lekina vaha (nandisena) yantra kI bhA~ti nirvikAra bhAva se yatla kara rahA thaa| devarogI ne usapara atyanta durgandha-yukta mala kA tyAga kara diyA, phira bhI nandisena ne durgandha kI paravAha nahIM kI, na hI usake kaThora vacanoM kI ginatI kii| isake viparIta rogI ko mIThI bAtoM se sAntvanA detA huA, usakI nAjabaradArI karatA huA, sevA meM lagA rhaa| nandisena kI saccI sevA-bhAvanA se devarogI prasanna ho gayA aura usane apanA azubha pariveza sameTa liyaa| usI samaya AkAza se ghrANamanohara phUloM kI barasA huii| donoM devoM ne sAdhu kA pratirUpa chor3akara divya rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura nandisena kI tIna bAra pradakSiNA karake kSamA yAcanA kI / devoM dvArA vara mA~gane kA Agraha karane para nandisena ne kahA : "mujhe jinopadiSTa mokSamArga prApta ho gayA hai| isalie, aura kisI dUsarI vastu se merA prayojana nhiiN|" usake bAda devoM ne usakI vandanA kI aura ve cale gye| __sAdhuoM kI sevAvRtti ke sAtha zrAmaNya kA anupAlana karate hue nandisena ke pacapana hajAra varSa bIta gye| mRtyu ke samaya, mAmA kI tInoM kanyAoM dvArA durbhAgyavaza na cAhane kI bAta usake dhyAna meM A gii| usane saMkalpa kiyA : "tapa, niyama aura brahmacarya ke phalasvarUpa maiM AgAmI manuSya-bhava meM rUpasI striyoM kA priya houuN|" yaha kahakara vaha mara gayA aura mahAzukra svarga meM indratulya devatA ho gyaa| yaha kathA sunAkara supratiSTha sAdhu ne rAjA andhakavRSNi se kahA ki "nandisena mahAzukra svarga se cyuta hokara Apake dazama putra (vasudeva) ke rUpa meM utpanna huA hai|" vasudeva jaba yuvA ho gaye, taba unake rUpa-yauvana kI prazaMsA cAroM ora phailane lgii| yuvatiyA~ unake rUpa para rIjhakara unheM ekaTaka dekhatI raha jAtIM / eka dina jyeSTha bhrAtA samudravijaya ne unheM bulavAyA aura samajhAyA ki "dina-bhara bAhara ghUmate rahane se tumhAre mukha kI kAnti malina par3a jAtI hai, isalie ghara meM hI rho| kalA kI zikSA meM DhilAI nahIM honI caahie|" taba unhoMne (vasudeva ne) vaisA hI karane kI pratizruti dii|

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa eka dina vasudeva ne bar3e bhAI kI dhAI se, aMgarAga-dravya (ubaTana) pIsatI huI gandhadravya kI prabhAriNI kubjA ke bAre meM pUchA : "yaha kisake lie vilepana taiyAra kara rahI hai ?" "rAjA (bar3e bhAI samudravijaya) ke lie|" dhAI ne uttara diyaa| vasudeva ne kahA : "mere lie kyoM nahIM ?" vaha bolI : "tumane aparAdha kiyA hai, isalie tumheM viziSTa vastrAbharaNa aura vilepana nahIM milegaa|" isake bAda dhAI vasudeva ko rokatI rahI, phira bhI unhoMne jabaradastI ubaTana le liyaa| taba vaha (dhAI) ruSTa hokara bolI : "inhIM AcaraNoM se rAjA ne tumhArA kahIM bAhara AnA-jAnA roka diyA hai| phira bhI, tuma apanI uddaNDatA se bAja nahIM aate|" vasudevane dhAI se yaha patA lagAne ko kahA ki rAjA ne kisa aparAdha se unheM roka rakhA hai / parantu, rAjA ke bhaya se vaha dhAI asaliyata kaha nahIM pAtI thI / vasudeva usake pIche par3a gaye / use eka aMgUThI dekara anunaya-vinaya kiyA, taba vaha bolI : "rAjA ko nagarapAloM ne gupta rUpa se sUcita kiyA hai ki kumAra vasudeva zaraccandra kI bhA~ti jana-jana kI A~khoM ko sukha denevAle zuddhacaritra vyakti haiM / kintu, vaha itane rUpavAn haiM ki jidhara-jidhara jAte haiM, udhara-udhara taruNiyA~ unake sAtha, unake kAmoM kA anukaraNa karatI huI, ghUmatI rahatI haiM aura ve apanI khir3akiyoM aura daravAjoM para mUrata banI yakSiNI kI taraha khar3I-khar3I dina bitA detI haiM, isalie ki vasudeva jaba lauTeMge, taba unheM ve dekha skeNgii| yahA~taka ki ve svapna meM bhI vasudeva kA nAma lekara bar3abar3AtI haiM aura bAjAra meM zAka-bhAjI, phala Adi kharIdate samaya vikretAoM se bhramavaza pUcha baiThatI haiM ki 'vasudeva kitane meM dete ho?' kumAra ko ekaTaka dekhatI striyoM se jaba unake rote baccoM ke bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki 'vatsa chUTa gayA hai, taba ve mati-viparyayavaza apane baccoM ko hI gAya kA bachar3A samajha rassI se bA~dhane lagatI haiN| isa prakAra, saba loga pAgala ho uThe haiN| ghara ke sAre kAmakAja chor3a baiThe haiM / atithi aura devapUjA meM bhI unakA Agraha zithila par3a gayA hai / isalie nagarapAloM ne rAjA ko tumhArI udyAnayAtrA para pratibandha lagA dene kA parAmarza diyA hai| rAjA ne nagarapAloM ko tumheM roka rakhane kA Adeza diyA hai aura parijanoM ko isa bAta kI gopanIyatA baratane ke nimitta AgAha kiyA hai| maiMne bhI isa paramArtha ko gopanIya rakhane kI zapatha khAI hai|" dhAI kI yaha bAta sunakara vasudeva ne socA : "yadi maiM asAvadhAnI se bAhara nikalA hotA, to bandI banA liyA gayA hotaa| athavA, abhI maiM jisa sthiti meM raha rahA hU~, vaha bhI to bandhana hI hai| isalie, isa ghara meM rahanA mere lie zreyaskara nahIM hai|" isa prakAra socakara, vasudeva ne rUpa aura AvAja ko badala denevAlI guTikAe~ taiyAra karake apane pAsa rakha lI aura 'vallabha' nAmaka sevaka ke sAtha sandhyA ke samaya nagara se bAhara nikala pdd'e| sunasAna zmazAna ke nikaTa Ane para unhoMne vallabha se kahA : "lakar3iyA~ le aao| maiM zarIra-tyAga kruuNgaa|" vallabha ne lakar3I cunakara citA raca dii| taba vasudeva ne usase kahA : "jaldI jAo, mere bichAvana se ratnapeTikA uThA laao| dAna karane ke bAda agni meM praveza kruuNgaa|" isapara vallabha ne unase kahA : "yadi ApakA yahI nizcaya hai, to maiM bhI ApakA anusaraNa kruuNgaa|" taba, vasudeva ne kahA : "tumhArI jo icchA hogI, vahI krnaa| yaha rahasya prakaTa na hone pAye, isakA khayAla rakhate hue tuma zIghra lauTakara aao|" 'yathAjJA' kahakara vallabha calA gyaa| idhara vasudeva ne, eka anAtha mRtaka ko citA para rakhakara use (citA ko) prajvalita kara diyaa| phira, zmazAna-bhUmi para par3e, kisI mRta sadhavA strI ke alaktaka rasa se eka kSamApana-patra

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA apane bar3e bhAiyoM aura bhAbhiyoM ke nAma likhA: "zuddha-svabhAva hote hue bhI nAgarikoM ne use malina kara diyA, isalie vasudeva ne agni praveza kiyA / " usa patra ko zmazAna ke eka khambhe meM bA~dhakara vasudeva jhaTapaTa vahA~ se khisaka gaye aura tejI se, jaise-taise rAste se dUra nikala jAne ke bAda phira sahI rAste se calane lage / 44 I isa prakAra, anAma aura ajJAta rahakara vasudeva ne apanA hiNDana prArambha kiyA / sandhyA ke samaya vaha sugrAma phuNce| vahA~ unhoMne snAna aura bhojana kiyaa| vaha jisa ghara meM Thahare the, usake nikaTa hI yakSAyatana thA / vahA~ aneka loga ekatra the / vasudeva ke apane nagara se bhI kucha AdamI hA~ Aye hue the / ve nagara kA, Aja kA samAcAra sunA rahe the ki kumAra vasudeva agni meM praveza kara gaye / unakA sabase pyArA sevaka 'vallabha' unakI jalatI citA ko dekha rone lagA thaa| pUchane para vaha bolA : "lokApavAda se Darakara kumAra vasudeva ne agni kI zaraNa lii|" isa samAcAra se cAroM ora rulAI aura cillAhaTa zurU ho gii| rulAI kI AvAja sunakara rAjA samudravijaya Adi navoM bhAI ghara se nikalakara zmazAna meM Aye / vahA~ kumAra ke hAtha kA likhA kSamApana- patra dekhA aura use par3hakara ve sabhI rone lge| kucha dera rone-dhone ke bAda unhoMne ghI aura zahada se citA ko sIMcA, candana, aguru aura devadAru kI lakar3iyoM se citA ko Dhakakara use phira se prajvalita kiyA / punaH pretakArya sampanna karake sabhI apane ghara lauTa gaye / " yaha samAcAra sunakara vasudeva nizcinta ho gaye ki unakA rahasya prakaTa nahIM huA thA aura unake navoM bar3e bhAiyoM ko unakI mRtyu ke sambandha meM koI zaMkA nahIM raha gaI thI / aura isIlie, ve unakI khoja bhI nahIM kraayeNge| isa prakAra, vasudeva kA vicaranA svacchanda aura nirvighna ho gayA / apanI nagarI dvAravatI (dvArakApurI) se bhAgakara vasudeva sugrAma pahu~ce the| vahA~ se vaha pazcima kI ora se calakara vijayakheTa nagara phuNce| vahA~ unhoMne, vidyAdhyayana ke nimitta kuzAgrapura (Adhunika rAjagRha) se Aye gautama brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM apanA paricaya diyA / vahA~ ke rAjA jitazatru ke do putriyA~ thIM : zyAmA aura vijayA / donoM saMgIta aura nRtyakalA meM nipuNa thIM / vasudeva ne una donoM ke samakSa apanI nRtya-gItakalA kA vaiziSTya pradarzita kiyaa| rAjA jitazatru ne prasanna hokara unake sAtha apanI donoM beTiyoM kA vivAha kara diyA / vasudeva ne jaba apanI ina donoM patniyoM ko kSatriyocita yuddhavidyA se paricaya karAyA, taba unhoMne unake brAhmaNa hone kI bAta para AzaMkA prakaTa kI / anta meM, vasudeva ne unapara apanA rahasya prakaTa karate hue unheM, ghara se chalapUrvaka bhAgane kI apanI kahAnI sunA dI / isase ve santuSTa ho gaIM / kAlakrama se, vijayA se unake eka putra huA, jisakA nAma 'akrUra' rakhA gayA / vasudeva eka varSa taka vijayakheTa meM sukhabhoga karate rhe| eka dina do pathikoM ne unheM dekhA aura ve Apasa meM bAta karane lage ki kumAra vasuMdeva se isa vyakti kI adbhuta samAnatA hai / pathikoM kI bAtacIta sunakara vasudeva ke kAna khar3e ho gaye aura unhoMne aba vahA~ rahanA kalyANakara nahIM samajhA / zyAmA aura vijayA ko vizvAsa dilAkara vaha vahA~ se cala par3e (pahalA zyAmA-vijayA lambha) /

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45 vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa vasudeva sIdhI rAha chor3akara dUra uttara dizA kI ora calate gye| himavanta parvata ko dekhate hue pUrvadeza jAne kI icchA se vaha kuMjarAvarta aTavI meM praviSTa hue| vahA~ eka sarovara meM unheM gandhahastI se lar3anA pdd'aa| jaba hAthI unakA vazaMvada ho gayA, taba vaha usapara savAra hokara use ghumAne lge| tabhI AkAzastha do puruSoM ne unakI bhujAoM ko eka sAtha pakar3akara uThA liyA aura unheM AkAzamArga se le cle| AkAzacArI puruSa vasudeva ko eka pahAr3a para le gaye aura unhoMne unhoMne vahA~ unheM udyAna meM rakha diyaa| phira, una donoM ne pavanavega aura arcimAlI ke rUpa meM apanA paricaya dete hue vasudeva ko praNAma kiyaa| isake bAda ve cale gye| usI samaya vidyAdharoM ke rAjA azanivega kI putrI zyAmalI kI bAhya paricArikA mattakokilA ne Akara vasudeva ko sUcanA dI ki rAjA apanI putrI kA vivAha unake sAtha karanA cAhate haiN| sUcanAnusAra rAjakanyA zyAmalI ke sAtha vasudeva kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| zyAmalI ke sAtha vasudeva jaba garbhagRha meM the, tabhI ekAnta meM zyAmalI ne unase vara mA~gA ki Apase merA kabhI viyoga na ho / aura taba, usane vasudeva se vara mA~gane kA kAraNa batAte hue kahA : "mere pitA do bhAI haiM-jvalanavega aura azanivega / (bar3e cAcA) jvalanavega kI patnI (bar3I cAcI) kA nAma vimalAbhA hai aura mere pitA azanivega kI patnI (arthAt merI mA~) kA nAma suprabhA hai / jvalanavega sAdhu ke upadeza sunakara kAmabhoga se virakta ho gaye aura mere pitA se unhoMne prajJaptividyA yA rAjya donoM meM koI eka grahaNa karane ko kahA; kintu pitA ne anicchA prakaTa kii| taba, jvalanavega ne apane putra (mere cacere bhAI aMgAraka) ko, usakI mA~ (vimalAbhA) ke parAmarzAnusAra, prajJaptividyA dI aura mere pitA azanivega ko, rAjya svIkAra karane ke lie vivaza honA pdd'aa| mere pitA ke rAjA hone ke bAvajUda, merI bar3I cAcI prajAoM se kara vasUlatI rhii| mere pitA (azanivega) ne jaba manA kiyA, taba bar3I cAcI ne sApha kaha diyA ki putra (aMgAraka) kI mAtA hone ke kAraNa prajAoM se kara lenA mere lie ucita hai / anta meM, aMgAraka ne mere pitA ko parAjita karake svayaM apane ko rAjA ghoSita kara diyA aura mujhe usane nirbAdha rUpa se bhAI ke aizvarya kA upabhoga karane kI anumati de dii| maiM aMgAraka ke Azraya meM rahane lgii| eka dina aMgAraka se AjJA lekara parijana-sahita maiM apane parAjita pitA ko dekhane aSTApada parvata para gaI / vahA~ aMgirA nAmaka sAdhu ne pravrajyA ke lie utsuka mere pitA se kahA ki tumhArA pravrajyA-kAla abhI nahIM AyA hai| tumheM punaH rAjyazrI prApta hogii| pitA ne jaba pUchA ki rAjyaprApti kisa prakAra hogI, taba zramaNa muni ne merI ora saMketa karate hue pitA se batAyA ki tumhArI putrI zyAmalI kA jo svAmI hogA, usI se tumheM rAjyazrI punaH prApta hogii| isa (putrI) kA svAmI arddhabharatezvara (kRSNa) kA pitA hogaa| pitA ne jaba pUchA ki usakI pahacAna kaise hogI, taba sAdhu ne batAyA ki "kuMjarAvarta aTavI meM jo gandhahastI ke sAtha yuddha karegA, use hI arddhabharatezvara kA pitA jaannaa|" mere pitA ke Adeza se pavanavega aura arcimAlI nAma ke do AdamI kuMjarAvarta meM jAkara nigarAnI karate rhe| isI krama meM Apake darzana hue aura mere pitA ke donoM AdamI hAthI kI pITha para se Apako uThAkara yahA~ le aaye| aMgAraka ko yaha bAta mAlUma ho gaI hai| vaha bar3A duSTa hai, Apako asAvadhAna pAkara kahIM mAra na ddaale| hama vidyAdharoM ke lie nAgarAja ne siddhAnta banA

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vasadevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA diyA hai ki jo vidyAdhara sAdhu ke pAsa, jinAlaya meM, bhAryA-sahita yA supta vyakti ko mAregA, vaha vidyAbhraSTa ho jaaygaa| isIlie, maiM Apase vara mA~gatI hU~ ki Apa mujhase kabhI viyukta na rheN| Apa mere sAtha raheMge, to vaha Apa para AkramaNa nahIM kara skegaa| AzaMkita zyAmalI ko vasudeva ne aMgAraka kI ora se honevAle anAcAroM ke lie Azvasta kiyaa| donoM sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| vasudeva ne zyAmalI ko saMgIta kI vizeSa rUpa se zikSA dii| sAtha hI, do vidyAe~-bandhavimokSaNI (bandhana se chur3AnevAlI) aura patralaghukikA (patte kI bhA~ti halkA banAnevAlI) bhI dIM, jinheM unhoMne zaravana (sarakaNDe ke jaMgala) meM siddha kiyA thaa| ___eka dina zyAmalI ke sAtha vasudeva soye the ki aMgAraka unheM AkAzamArga se hara le claa| zyAmalI ne aMgAraka se bahuta anunaya-vinaya kiyA, to usane use DA~Ta diyaa| anta meM, zyAmalI ne spaSTa kaha diyA ki "mere pati ko chor3a do, anyathA maiM tumheM svajana-sahita chor3a duuNgii|" taba aMgAraka ne kruddha hokara vasudeva ko pheMka diyA aura vaha ghAsa-phUsa se bhare purAne kue~ meM jA gire| subaha hone para ve kue~ se bAhara nikale (dUsarA shyaamlii-lmbh)| kue~ se bAhara nikalane para vasudeva ne apane ko aMga-janapada kI campAnagarI meM paayaa| vahA~ unhoMne adher3a umra ke eka nAgarika se, magadhavAsI gautamagotrIya skandila brAhmaNa (vasudeva kA pUrvavartI nandisena ke bhava kA nAma-gotra) ke rUpa meM apanA paricaya diyA aura batAyA ki unheM yakSiNI se prema ho gayA thaa| vaha unheM AkAzamArga se apane icchita pradeza meM le jA rahI thI, tabhI kisI dUsarI yakSiNI ne IrSyAvaza unakA pIchA kiyA aura jaba donoM yakSiNiyA~ Apasa meM lar3ane lagIM, taba vaha (vasudeva) yahIM AkAza se gira pdd'e| campAnagarI ke eka nAgarika se vasudeva ko sUcanA milI ki kuberatulya seTha cArudatta kI parama rUpasI putrI gandharvadattA saMgItavidyA meM pAraMgata hai| usake rUpa se mohita brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya sabhI saMgItavidyA meM anurakta ho uThe haiN| saMgItazikSA meM jo use (kanyA ko) parAjita kara degA, usI puNyAtmA kI vaha patnI bnegii| usa nAgarika ne unheM yaha bhI batAyA ki pratyeka mahIne saMgItavidoM ke samakSa nirNaya-parIkSA kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| ___ seTha cArudatta ke darabAra meM upasthita hone ke lie vasudeva ne eka bahAnA DhU~r3ha nikaalaa| campA meM do saMgItajJa AcAryoM kI jor3I bar3I prasiddha thii| unake nAma the-sugrIva aura jayagrIva / vasudeva ne mUrkha kA svAMga racakara sugrIva kI nijI saMgItazAlA meM praveza kiyA / upAdhyAya sugrIvane jaba unheM apanI zAlA meM bharatI karane se inakAra kara diyA, taba unhoMne ratnanirmita kaMgana brAhmaNI (upAdhyAyAnI) ko lAkara diyaa| jJAtavya hai ki vasudeva ne campA meM praveza karate samaya apane AbhUSaNoM ko eka gupta bhUmikhaNDa meM chipA diyA thaa| upAdhyAyAnI ne kaMgana dikhalAte hue upAdhyAya sugrIva se kahA ki "medhAvI honA koI Avazyaka nhiiN| yaha skandila apanI vidyA ke lie prayatna kregaa|" patnI ke isa anurodha para sugrIva ne vasudeva ko saMgIta sikhAnA svIkAra kara liyaa| bAhmaNI kA snehAzraya unake lie protsAhana bana gyaa| nirNaya-parIkSA kA jaba samaya AyA, taba sugrIva, vasudeva ko saMgIta meM anipuNa samajhakara, unheM seTha cArudatta kI sabhA meM le jAne ko rAjI nahIM huaa| vasudeva ne ratnakaMgana kA jor3A lagAte hue upAdhyAyAnI se nivedana kiyaa| brAhmaNI ne vasudeva ko protsAhita kiyA :" yadi upAdhyAya

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa tumheM jAne se rokate haiM, to usase tumhArA kyA banatA-bigar3atA hai? tuma svayaM jAo aura gandharvadattA ko parAjita kro|" vasudeva, seTha cArudatta kI saMgIta-sabhA meM phuNce| sugrIva ne sabhA meM vasudeva ko upasthita dekhA, to zaMkita hokara kahA ki "mere pAsa mata aao|" vasudeva sabhA meM Age bar3hate gye| sabhA kA saniveza dekhakara vasudeva ne kahA : "vidyAdharaloka meM hI isa prakAra kA sabhAgAra dRSTigata hotA hai|" vasudeva kI isa ukti para, seTha ne unheM gaura se dekhate hue, apanA santoSa prakaTa kiyA aura baiThane ke lie Asana diyaa| sabhA meM unhoMne citrakalA tathA vINA-viSayaka vizeSajJatA kA pradarzana karake sabhAsadoM ko camatkRta kara diyaa| vasudeva ne usa saMgIta-sabhA meM ghoSavatI (saptatantrI) vINA bajAI aura manuSyadurlabha viSNugIta bhI gAkara sunaayaa| gandharvadattA,jo sabhA meM parade ke pIche baiThI thI,sAmane maMca para AI / vasudevane usake sAtha saMgIta aura vAdya kI itanI dakSatA se saMgati kI ki sabhI 'vAha ! vAha !' karane lge| pratijJAnusAra gandharvadattA ne vasudeva ko pati ke rUpa meM varaNa kara liyaa| gandharvadattA kI do sakhiyA~-zyAmA aura vijayA bhI (pUrvokta zyAmA aura vijayA se bhinna : sugrIva aura yazogrIva kI putriyA~) apane-apane pitA kI anumati se vasudeva kI aMkazAyinI bniiN| vaha apanI ina tInoM paliyoM ke sAtha ratisukha prApta karane lge| eka dina seTha cArudatta ne apanI rocaka aura romAMcaka AtmakathA sunAte hue vasudeva se batAyA ki gandharvadattA vastutaH merI aurasa putrI nahIM, apitu pAlitA vidyAdhara-kanyA hai| yaha amitagati vidyAdhara kI putrI hai| jyotiSI ne isake bAre meM isake pitA se batAyA thA ki "yaha lar3akI zreSTha puruSa kI patnI hogI aura vaha zreSTha puruSa vidyAdhara-sahita dakSiNa bhArata kA rAjya kregaa| vahI puruSa campApurI meM cArudatta seTha ke ghara meM sthita isa lar3akI ko saMgIta ke dvArA parAjita kregaa| bhAnu (datta) seTha kA putra cArudatta kAraNavaza yahA~ aaygaa| usase bheMTa hone para yaha lar3akI use sauMpa denaa|" isalie, jyotiSI ke nirdezAnusAra hI gandharvadattA Apako samarpita kI gaI hai| ____RturAja vasanta kA Agamana huaa| eka dina vasudeva gandharvadattA ke sAtha suravana (campAnagara ke pArthavartI mahAsarovara ke nikaTastha vana) kI yAtrA para nikle| pUrA nagara unake ratha ko gherakara cala rahA thaa| vasudeva ratha se utarakara mahAsarovara ke taTa para sthita bhagavAn vAsupUjya ke mandira meM gye| vahA~ gandharvadattA-sahita unhoMne bhagavAn vAsupUjya kI vandanA kI, phira pahale se hI saje-sajAye Asana para baitthe| vizrAma ke bAda parijanoM ke sAtha vidhivat bhojana-pAna huaa| tadanantara, vasudeva vasanta kI zobhA dekhane lage aura apanI patnI ko bhI dikhAne lge| usI krama meM vasudeva ko vahA~ eka caNDAlakula dikhAI pdd'aa| vasudeva ke svAgata meM mAtaMgavRddhA ke Adeza se nIlayazA nAma kI mAtaMgakanyA ne apanA nRtya prastuta kiyaa| caNDAlakanyA nRtya ke krama meM jaba A~khoM kA saMcAra karatI, taba dizAe~ jaise kumudamaya ho jaatiiN| usake hAthoM kI bhaMgimA sAkSAt kamalapuSpa kI kAnti bikheratI aura krama se jaba vaha apane pairoM ko uThAkara nAcatI, taba uttama sArasI kI bhA~ti usakI zobhA atizaya mohaka ho utthtii| vasudeva nIlayazA ke nRtya se vismaya-vimugdha ho utthe|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA campApurI lauTane ke bAda gandharvadattA vAsaghara meM jAkara bichAvana para par3a gaI aura vyaMgyamizrata svara meM vasudeva se bolI : "Apane caNDAlakanyA dekha lI aura vaha bur3hiyA bhI ? kamalavana meM haMsa kA mana kyA nahIM ramatA ?" vasudeva ne zapathapUrvaka gandharvadattA se kahA : "maiMne to vizeSakara nRtya dekhA aura gIta sunA / mAtaMgI maiMne nahIM dekhii|" isa prakAra, mAna-manauvala meM hI unakI vaha rAta bIta gaI (tIsarA gandharvadattA - lambha) / 48 subaha hone para sabhAgRha meM baiThe vasudeva ke samakSa ukta mAtaMgavRddhA AI aura usane mAtaMgakanyA nIlayazA ko unheM arpita kara dene kA prastAva unake samakSa rkhaa| vasudeva ne jaba asamAnagotratA kI carcA karate hue nIlayazA ko svIkAra karane se inakAra kiyA, taba mAtaMgavRddhA ne vistAra se apanI vaMzakathA sunAte hue yaha siddha kiyA ki vaha jainadharma ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke vaMza kI haiM aura krIr3Avaza vidyA ke adhIna hokara hI nIlayazA mAtaMgaveza meM rahatI hai| phira bhI, vasudeva ne nIlayazA ko svIkArane meM apanI asamarthatA dikhalAI / taba, mAtaMgavRddhA dvArA prerita vetAla, rAta meM, vasudeva ko uThAkara zmazAnagRha meM le AyA / vahA~ mAtaMgavRddhA baiThI huI kucha budabudA rahI / vaha unheM vahA~ se vaitADhya parvata para le calI / rAste meM vasudeva ne eka vyakti ko dhatUre kA dhuA~ pIte hue dekhakara mAtaMgavRddhA se jijJAsA kI, to usane kahA ki "yaha aMgAraka hai| vidyAbhraSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa phira se vidyA kI sAdhanA kara rahA hai| Apa jaise zreSTha puruSa darzana se usakI vidyA siddha hogii|" taba, vasudeva ne aMgAraka se dUra rahane kI hI icchA prakaTa kI; kyoMki vaha unakI pUrvapatnI zyAmalI kA utpIDaka thA aura usane unheM bhI kue~ meM pheMka diyA thA / vasudeva kI icchA ke anusAra, mAtaMgavRddhA usase alaga haTakara calatI huI unheM vaitADhya parvata kI pramukha zreNI nIlagiri para le AI aura eka udyAna meM rakhakara calI gaI / vahA~ upasthita loga vasudeva ke rUpAtizaya ko dekhakara vismita ho uThe / nIzA ke pitA siMhadaMSTra ne vasudeva kA vipula svAgata kiyA aura zubha muhUrta meM nIlayazA ke sAtha unakA vivAha kara diyA / vasudeva nirudvigna bhAva se priyA nIlayazA ke sAtha paMcavidha viSayasukha ke samudra meM avagAhana karane lage / eka dina vasudeva, nIlayazA ke parAmarza se, vidyAdharoM kI vidyA sIkhane ke nimitta vaitADhya parvata para apanI priyA ke sAtha ghUmane lage, tabhI eka mayUrazAvaka ne chala se nIlayazA kA apaharaNa kara liyA / vastutaH vaha mayUrazAvaka chadmaveSa meM nIlakumAra vidyAdhara kA putra nIlakaNTha thA, jo yazA kA pUrvapremI thA / nIlayazA ke pitA siMhadaSTra ne use nIlayazA ke sAtha vivAha kA vacana de rakhA thA / kintu bRhaspatizarmA nAma ke jyotiSI ne siMhadaSTra ko batAyA thA ki nIlayazA arddha bharata ke svAmI (kRSNa) ke pitA kI patnI hogI, jo abhI campAnagarI meM cArudatta seTha ke ghara meM haiN| vaha vahA~ ke viziSTa sAMskRtika utsava mahAsarovara kI yAtrA ke avasara para dikhAI pdd'eNge| nIlayazA ke apaharaNa ke bAda duHkhI vasudeva usI pArvatya vanapradeza meM hiNDana karane lage (cauthA nIlayazA- lambha) / jaMgala meM bhaTakate hue sudeva eka dizA kI ora cala pdd'e| rAste meM unake damakate rUpa ko dekhakara kucha gvAloM ne unheM ghera liyA aura ve unase pUchane lage : "tuma indroM meM kauna-sA indra ho ? saca-saca batAo / " vasudeva ne apane paricaya ko chipAkara kahA: "maiM manuSya hU~ / tuma Daro

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa nhiiN| do yakSiNiyA~ mujhe AkAzamArga se liye jA rahI thiiN| bIca meM hI mere lie donoM Apasa meM lar3ane lgiiN| isI krama meM unase chUTakara maiM nIce gira par3A huuN|" isake bAda vasudeva una gvAloM ke nirdezAnusAra, rAjA kapila dvArA zAsita vedazyAmapura nAmaka nagara ke samIpavartI girikUTa gA~va ke nikaTa phuNce| vahA~ unhoMne puSkariNI meM snAna kiyA aura apane AbhUSaNoM ko kapar3e ke chora meM bA~dhakara gA~va ke bhItara praveza kiyaa| vahA~ ke mandira meM aneka brAhmaNa-bAlaka vedAbhyAsa meM nirata the| vahA~ unhoMne skandila chadmanAma se apanA paricaya diyaa| grAmanAyaka kI putrI somazrI bar3I rUpavatI thii| jyotiSiyoM ne usake bAre meM bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki vaha zreSTha puruSa kI patnI bnegii| mandira meM pratiSThita kevalajJAnI budha aura vibudha sAdhuoM kI pratimAoM ke samakSa jo zreSTha puruSa veda ke praznoM kA uttara degA, usI ko kanyA dI jaaygii| eka brAhmaNa-bAlaka se pUchakara vasudeva vahA~ ke pramukha upAdhyAya brahmadatta ke ghara pahu~ce / upAdhyAya aura upAdhyAyAnI ne vasudeva kA snehavatsala bhAva se svAgata kiyaa| vasudeva ne, dakSiNA ke rUpa meM, brAhmaNI ko kaMgana pradAna kiyaa| santuSTa brAhmaNI ne apane pati brAhmaNa brahmadatta ko dakSiNA meM prApta ka~gane dikhAye / vasudeva ne upAdhyAya brahmadatta se Arya aura anArya donoM prakAra ke vedoM kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| grAmapradhAna devadeva (suradeva) kI parIkSA pariSad meM vasudeva ne askhalita bhAva se veda kA sasvara pATha kiyA aura usakA avitatha rUpa se paramArtha bhI btaayaa| vasudeva ke praznottara se sabhI vedapAraga santuSTa ho gye| sabhI unake devatvapUrNa vyaktitva kI prazaMsA karane lge| usake bAda zubha dina meM somazrI ke sAtha vasudeva kA vivAha ho gayA aura girikUTa grAma meM rahate hue vaha sukhapUrvaka samaya bitAne lage (pA~cavA~ somshrii-lmbh)| girikUTa grAma meM rahate hue vasudeva ne eka dina eka aindrajAlika vidyAdhara ko dekhaa| unhoMne usase kRSNa caturdazI kI rAtri meM 'zumbhA' aura 'nizumbhA' nAma kI AkAza meM ur3ane aura vahA~ se nIce utarane kI do vidyAe~ prApta kI / phira, vaha somazrI se anumata hokara aura use isa bAta ko kisI se na kahane kI cetAvanI dekara sandhyA meM nikala pdd'e| aindrajAlika vidyAdhara unheM pahale pahAr3a kI guphA.meM le gayA, phira ve donoM khar3I coTIvAle pahAr3oM se bhare pradeza meM phuNce| pUjA kI vidhi samApta kI gii| usake bAda vidyAdhara ne unase kahA: "vidyA kI AvRtti zurU karo / eka hajAra ATha AvRtti pUrI hote hI vimAna utaregA aura tuma ni:zaMka usameM car3ha jAnA / vimAna jaba sAta-ATha tala Upara pahu~ca jAyagA, taba nivartanI vidyA kI, icchAnusAra, AvRtti karanA, vimAna nIce utara AyagA / maiM tumhArI rakSA ke nimitta nikaTa meM hI thoDI dara para rhNgaa|" yaha kahakara vidyAdhara calA gyaa| japa pUrA hote hI sacamuca eka susajjita vimAna utarA / vasudeva usa vimAna meM jA baitthe| vimAna eka dizA kI ora ur3a claa| jaba pahAr3a para vimAna khar3akhar3a karatA huA lar3akhar3Ane lagA, taba unhoMne AvartanI (nivartanI) vidyA kA japa prArambha kiyA, phira bhI vimAna Age hI bar3hatA calA gyaa| isake bAda unhoMne kucha AdamiyoM ke parizramajanita ucchvAsa kA zabda sunaa| subaha ho cukI thii| vaha samajha gaye ki kisI kI salAha se kisI puruSa dvArA prayukta isa kRtrima vimAna ko nizcaya hI rassI se khIMcakara lAyA gayA hai| vasudeva vimAna se nIce utarakara cala pdd'e| jaba logoM ne unakA pIchA karanA zurU kiyA, taba vaha jaldI-jaldI bhAga cale / jahA~ pIchA karanevAle loga bahuta pIche chUTa jAte the, vahA~ vaha thor3A sustA lete the| isa prakAra, bahuta dera taka pIchA karane para bhI loga unheM pakar3a nahIM ske|

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50 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA __bahuta dera bhaTakane ke bAda, aparANa meM, sUryAsta ke samaya, thake-mA~de vasudeva tilavastu nAma ke sanniveza meM phuNce| vahA~ unhoMne eka narabhakSI rAkSasa kA vinAza karake grAmINoM kA trANa kiyaa| grAmavRddhoM ne unakA bar3A sammAna kiyaa| taba mAlA pahane kucha rUpavatI kanyAe~ vahA~ upasthita huiiN| grAmavRddhoM ne vasudeva se kahA : "Apane inakA trANa kiyA hai, isalie Aja se ye ApakI AjJA meM rheNgii| ApakI AjJAkAriNI ye bAlikAe~ ucca kula meM utpanna huI haiM, isalie inheM sevikA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kreN|" __taba, vasudeva ne grAmavRddhoM se kahA : "maiM brAhmaNa huuN| svAdhyAya (vedAdhyayana) ke nimitta bAhara nikalA huuN| ina kanyAoM se mujhe koI prayojana nhiiN| inake satkAra se hI maiM apane ko pUjita mAnatA huuN| mujhe yahI santoSa hai ki Apa sabakA kalyANa huaa|" isake bAda unhoMne 'ye kanyAe~ sukhabhAginI hoM' kahakara unheM vidA kara diyaa| vasudeva ko devatulya samajhakara kanyAoM ne unapara phUla bikhere aura ve apane ghara calI giiN| bAda meM jaba ve kanyAe~ dUsaroM ko dI jAne lagIM, taba unhoMne(kanyAoM ne) yaha kahate hue sApha inakAra kara diyA ki "hamAre pati to vahI (vasudeva hI) haiN|" __ tilavastu se nikalakara vasudeva acalagrAma phuNce| vahA~ rAjamArga para sthita dhanamitra nAmaka sArthavAha kI dukAna meM gye| dhanamitra ne unheM baiThane ko Asana diyaa| vasudeva ke, dukAna meM baiThate hI sArthavAha ko lAkhagunA munAphA huaa| jyotiSI ne dhanamitra ko batAyA thA ki usakI putrI mitrazrI pRthvIpati kI patnI hogii| abhijJAna ke lie daivajJa ne dhanamitra ko yaha bhI nirdeza kiyA thA : "tumhAre pAsa jisake baiThane se lAkhagunA munAphA ho, usI kSaNa jAnanA ki yahI vaha pRthvIpati hai|" dhanamitra ne vasudeva ko pahacAnakara unakA bhavya svAgata kiyA aura zubha ghar3I meM apanI putrI mitrazrI ke sAtha unakA vivAha kara diyaa| vivAha-vidhi samApta hone para sArthavAha ne vasudeva ko solaha karor3a kA dhana diyaa| dhanamitra ke ghara ke samIpa hI rahanevAle soma brAhmaNa kI putrI dhanazrI bar3I rUpavatI thii| kintu; usake pA~ca putroM meM eka medhAvI hote hue bhI totalA thaa| isalie, vaha veda nahIM par3ha sakatA thaa| isa bAta se sabhI brAhmaNa duHkhI the| apanI patnI mitrazrI ke Agraha karane para usa brAhmaNa- bAlaka kI cikitsA ke lie vasudeva rAjI ho gye| unhoMne kaiMcI lekara phuratI se usa bAlaka kI kAlI jihvAtantu kATa DAlI aura usa ghAva para rohaNadravya (ghAva bharanevAlI vanauSadhi) lagA diyaa| taba usa bAlaka kI bolI spaSTa ho gii| brAhmaNa santuSTa hokara sAkSAt vasantazrI kI bhA~ti apanI rUpavatI putrI dhanazrI ko vasudeva ke lie prastuta kara diyA aura bolA : "deva ! mere bacce kI cikitsA karake Apane mujhe jIvanadAna diyA hai|" isake bAda vasudeva ne usa bAlaka ko veda par3hAnA zurU kiyA aura thor3e hI dinoM meM vaha bahuta sIkha gyaa| vasudeva acalagrAma meM mitrazrI aura dhanazrI ke sAtha sukhabhoga karate hue kucha dina vahA~ rahe (chaThA mitrshrii-dhnshrii-lmbh)| ____ eka dina vasudeva mitrazrI aura dhanazrI ko chor3akara nikala par3e aura vedazyAmapura jA phuNce| vahA~ unakI bheMTa usa nagara ke rAjA kapila ke mahAzvapati vasupAlita kI kanyA vanamAlA se huii|

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa 51 usase unheM sUcanA milI ki rAjA kapila kI kanyA kapilA ke arddhabharatAdhipati ke pitA kI patnI hone ke bAre meM bhRgu jyotiSI ne bhaviSya kathana kiyA hai aura usa mahApuruSa ke abhijJAna ke sambandha meM batAyA hai ki jo sphuliMgamukha ghor3e kA damana karegA, vahI arddhabharatAdhipati kA pitA hogA / vaha samprati girikUTa grAma meM devadeva ke ghara meM rahatA hai| jyotiSI kI sUcanA ke AdhAra para rAjA kapila ne aindrajAlika indrazarmA ko girikUTa bhejA / vaha aindrajAlika, vidyA kI sAdhanA ke bahAne usa puruSa ko rAtri meM, rassI meM ba~dhe yantra- nirmita vimAna para baiThAkara girikUTa grAma se bAhara parvatazikhara para le aayaa| subaha hote hI usa puruSa ne samajha liyA ki usakA apaharaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| basa, vaha vimAna se utarakara bhAga gayA, jise indrazarmA pakar3a nahIM sakA aura lAcAra hokara lauTa AyA / aindrajAlika kI viphalatA se rAjA kapila cintita ho uThe haiM / vanamAlA ko yaha sUcanA usake pitA vasupAlita se prApta huI thii| isa sUcanA meM apanI anukUlatA dekhakara vasudeva ne vedazyAmapura meM hI rahane kA nirNaya kiyaa| eka dina unhoMne rAjA kapila ke sphuliMgamukha ghor3e kA damana karake vipula lokAdara prApta kiyA / aindrajAlika indrazarmA ne, apane AyAsita karanevAle vyavahAra ke lie, vasudeva se kSamA maaNgii| rAjA ko apane jAmAtA kI pahacAna ho gaI / isake bAda zubha dina meM, rAjA ne apanI putrI kapilA kA vivAha vasudeva se kara diyA aura lajjita bhAva se battIsa karor3a kA dhana diyA / " vivAha ke bAda dhruvadarzana se prasanna vasudeva rAjA kapila ke ghara meM priyA kapilA ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka rahane lage / unakA sAlA aMzumAn (rAjA kapila kA putra) barAbara unakI sevA meM lagA rahatA thA / unhoMne apane sAle ko vibhinna kalAoM kI viziSTa zikSA dii| vahIM kAlakrama se vasudeva ke, (patnI kapilA se) 'kapila' nAmaka putra utpanna huA (sAtavA~ kapilA- lambha) / eka dina mahAvata sulakSaNa hAthI le AyA / vasudeva use vazaMvada banAkara usapara savAra ho gaye aura apanI icchA ke anusAra ghumAne lge| vaha vizvasta hAthI dekhate-hI-dekhate AkAza meM ur3a gayA aura vasudeva ko jaldI-jaldI le claa| kumAra aMzumAn vasudeva ke .. anusaraNa ke nimitta daur3ane lgaa| lekina, hAthI vasudeva ko bahuta dUra ur3A le gayA / "koI vidyAdhara hAthI kA rUpa dharakara unakA apaharaNa kara rahA hai" yaha socakara vasudeva ne hAthI ke lalATa kI haDDI (kapAlAsthi) para tIvra prahAra kiyaa| coTa khAte hI vaha hAthI nIlakaNTha ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA aura unheM chor3akara adRzya ho gayA / [ jJAtavya hai ki nIlakaNTha vasudeva kI pUrvapatnI nIlayazA ke mAmA nIlakumAra kA putra thA, jo apanI ajAtadattA patnI nIlayazA ke sAtha vasudeva ke vivAha hone ke bAda se hI unakA (vasudeva kA) vairI ho gayA thA aura nIlayazA ko, mayUrazAvaka kA chadmaveza dharakara hara le gayA thA / ] nIlakaNTha se mukta vasudeva kisI jaMgala ke tAlAba meM jA gire aura usase bAhara nikala Aye / bhUlate-bhaTakate vasudeva zAlaguha sanniveza meM jA phuNce| vahA~ vaha pUrNAza upAdhyAya ke ziSyoM ko AyudhavidyA kI zikSA dene lage / sabhI ziSya vahA~ ke rAjA abhagnasena ke lar3ake the / vasudeva ne yogAcArya pUrNAza upAdhyAya ko dhanurveda kI utpatti - kathA sunAI aura tadviSayaka zAstrArtha meM use parAjita kiyaa| rAjA ko jaba isakI sUcanA milI, taba vaha vasudeva ko apane ghara le gyaa| prasaMgavaza vasudeva ne rAjA abhagnasena ke samakSa azva aura hastisaMcAlana - vidyA kA abhUtapUrva

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52 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA pradarzana kiyaa| rAjA vismita ho uThA / sannivezavAsI prajAjana vasudeva ke rUpa, vaya aura bala kA varNana karate hue prazaMsAmukhara ho rahe the| citrakalA - kuzala vyakti vasudeva ko apanA praticchanda (maoNDela) banAne ko utsuka ho rahe the / mahaloM kI khir3akiyoM meM khar3I yuvatiyA~ unapara phUla aura maMgalacUrNa bikhera rahI thIM / rAjabhavana meM vasudeva kA rAjocita svAgata sammAna kiyA gyaa| usake bAda rAjA abhagnasena ne apanI rUpavatI patnI padmA vasudeva ko arpita kara dI / vidhivat vivAha kA anuSThAna sampanna huA / usake bAda vasudeva kA sAlA aMzumAn bhI unako khojate-DhU~r3hate vahA~ A phuNcaa| aMzumAn kI hiNDana - kathA sunane ke bAda unhoMne hAthI ke ur3ane se prArambha kara padmA se vivAha taka kI sArI kathA usase kaha sunaaii| aMzumAn kA, rAjA kapila ke putra ke rUpa meM rAjA abhagnasena ke puruSoM se paricaya karAyA gayA / rAjA abhagnasena ne santuSTa hokara aMzumAn kA sammAna kiyA / jijJAsA karane para vasudeva ne apanI patnI padmA se apane nagara-nirgama kA vRttAnta kAraNasahita batA diyA / tadanantara, vasudeva padmA ke sAtha lalitaramya kalAoM tathA aMzumAn ke sAtha vyAyAma-kalA ko prasannamana se Ayatta karate hue sukhapUrvaka dina bitAne lage (AThavA~ padmAlambha) / rAjA abhagnasena kA bar3A bhAI meghasena thA / vaha abhagnasena ko satata utpIr3ita karatA rahatA thA / isIlie, vaha jayapura se bhAgakara zAlaguhA meM Akara rahatA thaa| eka dina usane vasudeva se apanI du:khagAthA sunaaii| vasudeva ne apane sAle aMzumAn ke sahayoga se rAjA meghasena ko parAjita kara diyA / aura anta meM, sAndhivigrahika vasudeva ne donoM bhAiyoM meM mela bhI karA diyaa| abhagnasena dvArA sammAnita meghasena apanA nagara lauTa gayA / kucha dinoM ke bAda meghasena lauTakara AyA aura aparAjeya yoddhA vasudeva se kahane lagA : "deva ! merI kanyA azvasenA ApakI sevikA bane, isake lie kRpA kiijie|" vasudeva ne kahA : "padmA yadi anumati de, to vahI ho / " padmA kI anumati se meghasena ne azvasenA kA vasudeva ke sAtha pANigrahaNa karA diyA / azvasenA sarvAMgasundarI madhurabhASiNI rAjakanyA thI / meghasena ne kanyA ke sAtha hI pracura paricAraka aura vipula dhana-vaibhava pradAna kiyaa| vasudeva padmA aura azvasenA- donoM rAjakumAriyoM ke sAtha sukha se rahane lage (navA~ azvasenA-lambha) / I eka dina vasudeva ne aMzumAn se parAmarza kiyA ki kisI apUrva janapada kA bhramaNa kiyA jAya / aMzumAn ne batAyA ki yahIM samIpa meM malaya nAma kA deza hai| vahA~ lalitakalA premI jana rahate haiM aura vaha deza upavanoM aura kAnanoM kI zrI suSamA se sampanna hai| basa, vinA kisI ko sUcanA diye donoM vyakti mAthA Dhake hue, viparIta mArga se cupacApa nikala gaye aura kucha dUra jAne para phira sIdhe rAste se cle| rAste kI thakAna miTAne ke lie aMzumAn kissA sunAtA calA / bahuta dUra nikala jAne ke bAda donoM ne eka sanniveza ke bAhara vizrAma kiyA / vasudeva ne apane AbhUSaNoM ko chipAkara rakha liyaa| usake bAda donoM ne viprarUpa dharakara bhadrilapura sanniveza meM praveza kiyaa| vahA~ donoM ne apane nAma AryajyeSTha aura AryakaniSTha rakha liye / ibhyaputra vINAdatta donoM ko apane ghara le gayA aura bar3e ThATa-bATa se Atithya kiyA, phira usane donoM ke lie rAjamArga ke samIpa hI svatantra AvAsa kI vyavasthA bhI kara dI /

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa aMzumAn ne vahA~ kI cUtasabhA meM ibhyaputroM ko harAkara pracura mUlyavAn dhana prApta kiyA aura use vINAdatta ke ghara meM muharabanda karake surakSita rakha diyaa| vasudeva ne bhI dyUtakrIr3A meM vismayakArI vijaya prApta kiyaa| parAjita ibhyaputra vasudeva ke viSaya meM yaha kahate hue cale gaye ki "vipraveza meM chipA huA yaha avazya hI koI deva, gandharva yA nAgakumAra hai !" vINAdatta ke nanda aura sunanda nAma ke rasoiye ne uttama bhojana taiyAra kara vasudeva aura aMzumAn donoM ko tRpta kiyaa| pAkazAstravizArada rasoiyoM ko vasudeva ne, paridhAna ke mUlyasvarUpa, eka lAkha (rupaye) prItidAna meM diye| kintu prItidAna asvIkAra karate hue unhoMne vasudeva se nivedana kiyA ki unake (nanda-sunanda ke) pitA bhI rAjA suSeNa ke rasoiyA the| AjIvikA-vRtti se nivRtta hone ke bAda ve pravajita ho gye| taba una donoM ne pAkazAstra ke antargata cikitsAzAstra kA bhI adhyayana kiyA aura puNDradeza cale aaye| vahA~ ke rAjA ne unheM na kevala Azraya aura vRtti dI, apitu pitRtulya sneha bhI diyaa| jyotiSI ne unheM batAyA thA ki unakI sevA arddhabharata ke svAmI ke pitA ke nikaTa saphala hogii| aura, tuSTidAna meM jo unheM eka lAkha degA, vahI arddhabharata ke adhipati kA pitA hogaa| isa prakAra kahakara, una donoM ne sevaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kA Agraha karate hue vasudeva ko praNAma kiyaa| anta meM, vasudeva ne svIkRti de dI aura phira vasudeva ke anurodha para una donoM rasoiyoM ne prItidAna bhI le liyaa| ___bhadrilapura meM hI aMzumAn kI bheMTa usakI phuA se huI, jo aba AryikA ho gaI thii| vahIM tArakaseTha kI putrI sutArA ke sAtha aMzumAn kA vivAha bhI ho gyaa| isa prakAra, vahA~ aMzumAn ke sambandhiyoM kA eka pUrA varga bana gyaa| eka dina vasudeva ne vahA~ jinotsava kA Ayojana kiyaa| usa avasara para unhoMne rAjA ke samakSa nAgarAga aura kinaragItaka prastuta kiyaa| rAjA vastuta: rAjA nahIM thA, apitu vaha puruSa ke pracchanna veza meM rAjakumArI thaa| utsava samApta hote hI vasudeva bImAra par3a gaye, kintu pracchanna rAjakumArI kI paricaryA se svastha ho gaye / anta meM, pracchanna rUpa se rAjakumAra ke veza meM rahanevAlI usa rAjakumArI puNDrA ke sAtha vasudeva kA vivAha ho gyaa| kAlakrama se puNDrA garbhavatI huI aura usane 'mahApuNDra' nAmaka kumAra ko janma diyaa| bhadrilapura kI sArI prajAe~ parituSTa ho giiN| unhoMne bar3e samAroha ke sAtha putra-janmotsava mnaayaa| putra ke darzana se Anandita vasudeva kA samaya sukha se bItane lagA (dasavA~ punnddraa-lmbh)| ___ eka dina vasudeva ratizrama se khinnazarIra hokara apanI patnI puNDrA ke sAtha soye hue the, tabhI dIna-karuNa bhAva se rone kI AvAja sunakara unakI nIMda khula gii| sAmane hI hAtha meM ralapeTikA liye kalahaMsI nAma kI pratihArI khar3I thii| vaha unheM eka ora le gaI aura bolI : "ApakI patnI zyAmalI (lambha 2) Apako apanA praNAma nivedita karatI haiN| nirantara ApakA smaraNa karatI rahanevAlI devI zyAmalI ne hI mujhe Apake caraNoM meM bhejA hai|" vasudeva ne pratihArI se pUchA : "rAjA azanivega (zyAmalI ke pitA) parivAra sahita kuzalapUrvaka haiM ? devI zyAmalI svastha haiM ?" pratihArI bolI : "svAmI ! suneM / durAtmA aMgAraka vidyAbhraSTa hokara hamase jhagar3ane AyA thaa| Apake pratApa se rAjA azanivega ne yuddha meM use parAjita kara diyA aura kinaragIta nagara bhI hathiyA liyaa| samprati, rAjyalAbha se harSita parijanoM ke sAtha

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54 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA devI zyAmalI Apake darzana cAhatI haiN|" vasudeva ne sahaja prasanna hokara kahA: "kalahaMsI ! mujhe priyA zyAmalI ke pAsa le calo; usakA bhI duHkha dUra ho jaay|" vaha prasanna huI aura vasudeva ko sAtha lekara ur3a gii| lekina, kalahaMsI jaba vasudeva ko vaitADhya kI ora na le jAkara dUsarI dizA kI ora le calI, taba unhoMne samajha liyA ki nizcaya hI yaha koI dhokhA denevAlI duSTa strI hai / taba unhoMne muTThI bA~dhakara usa strI kI kanapaTTI para tIvra prahAra kiyaa| coTa khAte hI kalahaMsI ne apanA chadmarUpa chor3akara aMgAraka kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA aura Darakara usane unheM vahIM chor3a diyA aura svayaM gAyaba ho gayA / nirAdhAra vasudeva AkAza se eka jhIla meM gira pdd'e| jhIla se bAhara nikalakara vasudeva vizrAma karane lage, tabhI unheM zaMkha kI dhvani sunAI pdd'ii| unhoMne anumAna lagAyA ki nikaTa meM hI koI nagara hai / subaha hone para vaha nagara ke nikaTa gye| pUchane para patA calA ki vaha ilAvarddhana nagara hai| nagara bar3A samRddhizAlI thA / vasudeva eka vyApArI kI dukAna meM phuNce| vyApArI ne unheM baiThane ke lie Asana diyA / dukAna meM unake baiThate hI vyApArI ko eka lAkha kA munAphA huaa| parituSTa vyApArI ne unase nivedana kiyA ki " Apa mujhapara kRpA karake Aja mere yahA~ bhojana lenA svIkAra kareM / " unhoMne svIkRti de dii| isake bAda vyApArI bolA : "kisI kAraNavaza maiM bAhara jA rahA hU~, jabataka lauhU~, tabataka Apa yahIM vizrAma kareM / " usake bAda, vaha apanI gaddI para eka rUpavatI naukarAnI ko baiThAkara calA gayA / . usa naukarAnI ke mu~ha se barAbara lahasuna kI badabU AtI thI, isalie vaha pUche gaye praznoM kA uttara mu~ha ghumAkara detI thI / vasudeva ne usase kucha oSadhi - dravya ma~gavAye aura unheM ghI meM kharala kara lIyantra meM DAla diyaa| usake bAda unase goliyA~ taiyAra kIM / una goliyoM ke prayoga se naukarAnI bAlikA ke mu~ha kI badabU dUra ho gaI aura kamala kI khuzabU Ane lagI / vyApArI lauTakara AyA aura naukarAnI ke, jisakA nAma lazunikA thA, mu~ha se nikalanevAlI kamala kI khuzabU ko lakhakara bar3A prasanna huA aura vasudeva ko apane ghara le jAkara ThATabATa se svAgata kiyaa| usake bAda apanI putrI raktavatI aura lazunikA kI pUrvabhava - kathA kahakara vasudeva ko unakA paricaya diyA / sAdhu zivagupta ne vyApArI ko batAyA thA ki raktavatI arddhabharata ke pitA kI patnI banegI aura usakI pahacAna ke cihna ke bAre meM kahA thA ki dukAna meM jisake paira par3ate hI eka lAkha kA munAphA hogA aura durgandhamukhI lazunikA sugandhamukhI ho jAyagI, vahI raktavatI kA pati hogA / isake bAda zubha lagna meM vyApArI ne apanI putrI raktavatI kA vasudeva ke sAtha pANigrahaNa karA diyaa| vasudeva paramasundarI raktavatI ke sAtha viSaya-sukha kA anubhava karate hue sukhapUrvaka rahane lage (gyArahavA~ raktavatI - lambha) / eka dina varSARtu meM, vyApArI (raktavatI ke pitA) ke anurodha para vasudeva indra-mahotsava dekhane mahApura nAmaka nagara pahu~ce / vahA~ ke rAjA somadeva kI putrI somazrI, jRmbhaka deva dvArA vANI ke

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa hara liye jAne ke kAraNa, gUMgI ho gaI thii| sAdhuoM ne somazrI kI pUrvabhava-kathA kahate hue usase batAyA thA ki usakA pati satraha sAgaropama AyuHsthiti ke kSINa hone para cyuta hokara manuSya ke rUpa meM utpanna ho cukA hai aura vaha bhI pUrvabhava se cyuta hokara mahApura ke rAjA somadeva kI putrI ke rUpa meM utpanna huI hai| pati kI pahacAna ke bAre meM sAdhuoM ne saMketa kiyA thA ki hAthI ke dRSTipatha meM Ane para jaba usakA prANa saMkaTa meM par3a jAyagA aura taba usakA jo paritrANa karegA, vahI usakA pati hogaa| tabhI se somazrI gUMgI rahane lagI thii| mahApura meM vasudeva indramahotsava dekha rahe the, tabhI unheM janakolAhala sunAI pdd'aa| kAraNa jAnane ke lie vasudeva ne idhara-udhara dRSTi daudd'aaii| tabhI unheM yama kA pratirUpa vidyunmukha nAma kA matavAlA hAthI dikhAI par3A, jisane apane mahAvata ko mAra DAlA thA aura madAndha hone ke kAraNa vaha apane sAmane par3a jAnevAle AdamiyoM ko rauMdatA huA ratha para baiThI yuvatiyoM kI ora jA rahA thaa| saba loga jahA~-tahA~ bhAga-dubaka rahe the| isI bIca usa hAthI ne apanI sUMr3a se eka lar3akI ko ratha se bAhara khIMca liyaa| lar3akI "bacAo ! bacAo ! !" cillAne lgii| hastividyA meM kuzala vasudeva ne bAlikA ko Azvasta kiyA aura kSaNabhara meM hI hAthI ko apane vaza meM kara liyaa| sabhI loga vasudeva kI prazaMsA karane lge| striyA~ unapara phUla aura gandhacUrNa kI barasA karane lgiiN| vaha bAlikA prakRtistha hokara prasatra mukha se vasudeva ke pairoM para gira par3I aura bolI : "svAmI / ApakA maMgala ho| svayaM akSatazarIra rahakara Apane mujhe hAthI ke mu~ha se bacA liyaa|" usake bAda kucha socakara usane apanI cAdara vasudeva ko de dI aura vasudeva dvArA dI gaI a~gUThI usane le lii| somazrI ke pitA rAjA somadeva ko jaba yaha jJAta huA ki somazrI ko jIvanadAna denevAlA vyakti hI usakA, pUrvabhava kA, pati hai, taba usane vimAna-sadRza pAlakI bhejakara vasudeva ko rAjabhavana meM bulvaayaa| bhRgupurohita ne agni meM havana kiyA aura prasannacitta rAjA ne apanI putrI kA vasudeva se vivAha kara diyaa| isake bAda "koSa-sahita mujhapara ApakA adhikAra hai" yaha kahakara rAjA ne maMgalasUcaka battIsa karor3a kA dhana vasudeva ko diyaa| vasudeva nirudvigna bhAva se somazrI ke sAtha viSaya-sukha kA bhoga karane lage (bArahavA~ somazrI-lambha) / eka dina vasudeva sambhogajanita parizrama se khinna hokara somazrI ke sAtha soye hue the| bhojana paca jAne para unakI nIMda khulI, lekina bichAvana para somazrI ko na dekhakara udAsa ho gye| bahuta khoja-DhU~r3ha karane para bhI jaba vaha nahIM milI, taba vasudeva ne anumAna lagAyA ki kisI AkAzagAmI (vidyAdhara) ne usakA apaharaNa kara liyA hai| somazrI ko khojate hue vasudeva 'azokavanikA' meM phuNce| vahA~ somazrI unheM dikhAI pdd'ii| unhoMne usakA manuhAra karate hue pUchA : "sundarI ! kyoM akAraNa kruddha ho gaI? prasanna ho jAo / " taba usane kahA : "Aryapatra ! maiM Apase kruddha nahIM huuN| pUrvasvIkRta niyamopavAsa ke kAraNa mujhe mauna rahanA thaa| priya se priya vyakti se bhI bAta nahIM kara sakatI thii| vaha vrata Apake caraNoM kI kRpA se pUrA ho gyaa| isa vrata meM vivAha-kautuka kA sArA kAma karanA hogaa| isa vrata kA udyApana isI paddhati se hogaa|" isake bAda vasudeva ke sAtha somazrI kI vivAha-vidhi pUrI kI gii|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA somazrI ne prasAda-svarUpa vasudeva ke mu~ha meM miThAiyA~ DAlIM aura madyapAna kraayaa| naze kI sthiti meM unhoMne usake sAtha ratisukha prApta kiyaa| eka dina, bhojana paca jAne para, AdhI rAta meM jaba unakI nIMda khulI, taba unhoMne somazrI kI jagaha kisI dUsarI hI strI ko dekhaa| vasudeva ke Azcaryacakita hone para usa strI ne vegavatI ke rUpa meM apanA paricaya diyA aura batAyA ki usakA duSTa bhAI mAnasavega somazrI ko apahata kara pramadavana meM le AyA aura use apane prati anukUlita karAne ke lie usane mujhe usake (somazrI ke pAsa bhejaa| parantu, somazrI Apake prati ananya anurAga rakhatI thI, isalie vaha tanika bhI vicalita nahIM huii| vegavatI se hI vasudeva ko yaha jAnakArI prApta huI ki somazrI ke kahane para hI vegavatI vasudeva ko somazrI ke pAsa le jAne ke lie azokavanikA meM AI aura apane ko somazrI ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyaa| kintu, anta meM vegavatI ne isake lie vasudeva se kSamA maaNgii| somazrI ke mAtA-pitA ko apanI dAsiyoM se jaba yaha sUcanA milI ki vasudeva ke vAsagRha meM somazrI kI jagaha koI dUsarI hI strI hai, taba vegavatI se pUchatAcha kI gii| vastusthiti spaSTa hone para rAjA (somazrI ke pitA) ne vegavatI ko putrI-tulya sammAna diyaa| isa prakAra, vasudeva vegavatI ke sAtha, rAjamahala meM rahakara viSaya-sukha kA anubhava karane lage (terahavA~ vegvtii-lmbh)| eka dina vasudeva sambhoga-sukha ke AsvAdajanya zrAnti kI kAraNa soye hue the ki ekAeka zarIra meM ThaNDI havA lagane se jaga par3e aura unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki unheM koI AkAzamArga se hara le jA rahA hai| tabhI, unheM sAmane eka puruSa dikhAI par3A, jisakA mu~ha thor3A-thor3A vegavatI se milatA thaa| vasudeva ke mana meM yaha dhAraNA ba~dhI ki durAtmA mAnasavega unheM mAra DAlane ke lie kahIM le jA rahA hai| aisA khayAla Ate hI vasudeva ne mAnasavega para mukke se prahAra kiyaa| mAnasavega to adRzya ho gayA aura vasudeva nirAdhAra hokara gaMgAnadI ke jala kI sataha para A gire| pAnI meM parivrAjaka-vezadhArI koI puruSa khar3A thaa| usane vasudeva ko girate hI ghor3e kI bhA~ti apanI pITha para thAma liyA aura parituSTa hokara kahA : "Apake darzana se merI vidyA siddha ho gii|" phira, usane vasudeva se pUchA : "kahie, Apa kahA~ se A rahe haiM ?" vasudeva ne chadma uttara diyA : "mujhe AkAzamArga se do yakSiNiyA~ le jA rahI thiiN| rAste meM ve mujhako lekara 'merA-terA' kahakara jhagar3ane lagI aura mujhe chor3a diyaa| basa, maiM AsamAna se sIdhe yahA~ A giraa|" ___parivrAjaka se hI vasudeva ko jJAta huA ki vaha kanakhaladvAra meM A pahu~ce haiN| unheM yaha bhI patA calA ki parivrAjaka koI vidyAdhara hai / vasudeva se usa vidyAdhara ne kahA ki vaha unheM kauna-sA prItidAna de| taba, vasudeva ne usase AkAzagamana kI vidyA maaNgii| vidyAprApti ke lie vidyAdhara unheM kisI dUsare sthAna meM le gayA aura bolA : "yahA~ bahuta sAre vighna hote haiN| vighna karanevAlI . deviyA~ strIrUpa dharakara moha letI haiN| isalie, unake bIca Apa maunavrata dhAraNa kara sAhasapUrvaka saba sheNge|" isake bAda vasudeva ko dIkSA dekara vaha vidyAdhara calA gayA aura yaha kaha gayA ki eka dina-rAta bItane para vaha phira lauTakara aaygaa| ___ sandhyA ke samaya nUpura aura mekhalA jhanakAratI huI koI nayanamanohara yuvatI vahA~ AI aura vasudeva kI pradakSiNA karake unake sAmane khar3I ho gaI / vasudeva ne socA ki sAkSAt vidyA Akara upasthita huI hai| tabhI vaha praNAma karatI huI bolI : "Apase varadAna prApta kara mukta honA cAhatI huuN|"

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa vasudeva ne socA : "mujhe jisase vara mA~ganA cAhie, vaha svayaM mujhase mA~ga rahI hai| isalie, avazya hI merI vidyA siddha ho gii|" vasudeva ne usa yuvatI se kahA: " avazya vara duuNgaa|" yuvatI prasanna ho gaI aura vasudeva ko uThAkara AkAzamArga se le calI / 57 kSaNabhara meM hI vaha unheM eka parvata-zikhara para le gaI aura vahA~ usane unheM azokavRkSa ke nIce eka samatala caTTAna para rkhaa| usake bAda 'Apa ghabarAyeM nahIM' kahakara vaha calI gii| tabhI kSaNabhara meM do rUpavAn yuvA puruSa vahA~ aaye| unhoMne 'dadhimukha' tathA 'caNDavega' ke nAma se apanA-apanA paricaya dekara vasudeva ko praNAma kiyA / kSaNabhara meM vaha parivrAjaka ( vidyAdhara) bhI A gayA aura 'maiM daNDavega hU~' kahakara usane bhI vasudeva ko praNAma kiyA / / se una vidyAdharoM ne vasudeva ko eka dUsare pahAr3a ke Upara pahu~cA diyA / vahA~ saikar3oM bhavanoM yukta nagara thA / vasudeva ne usa nagara ke rAjabhavana meM praveza kiyaa| vahA~ unakI arghyapUjA kI gaI aura unheM maMgalasnAna karAyA gayA / uttama vastra pahanane ko diye gaye aura parama svAdiSTha bhojana qarAyA gayA / usake bAda vaha rezama kI taraha mulAyama bichAvanavAle palaMga para baiThe, phira sukhapUrvaka so gaye / subaha hone para vasudeva ko dUlhe ke veza meM sajAyA gayA aura phira zubha muhUrta meM dadhimukha ne prasanna hokara apanI bahana madanavegA ke sAtha vasudeva kA vivAha karA diyA aura daheja meM apAra sampatti aura paricArikAe~ pradAna kiiN| devavadhU ke sAtha devakumAra ke samAna vasudeva madanavegA ke sAtha vividha bhogoM kA sevana karane lage aura vidyAdhara unakI sevA meM saMlagna rahane lage / dadhimukha ne madanavegA ke paricaya ke krama meM batAyA ki ariMjayapura ke rAjA vibhISaNa ke vaMza meM vidyudvega nAma kA rAjA huaa| usakI rAnI vidyujjihvA thI / usake dadhimukha, daNDavega aura caNDavega nAma ke tIna putra hue aura madanavegA usakI putrI huii| eka bAra rAjA vidyudvega ne vAksiddha jyotiSI se madanavegA ke viSaya meM pUchA, taba jyotiSiyoM ne vicAra kara kahA ki yaha kanyA arddha bharata ke adhipati ke pitA kI atizaya priya patnI banegI aura putraratna ko janma degii| unakI pahacAna ke sambandha meM jyotiSI ne rAjA se kahA ki vidyA kI sAdhanA karate samaya Apake putra daNDavega kI pITha para jo A giregA aura jisakI mahAnubhAvatA se daNDavega kI vidyA tatkSaNa siddha ho jAyagI, vahI vaha mahApuruSa hogA / krama se madanavegAne garbha dhAraNa kiyaa| garbha kI zobhA se usake zarIra kI lunAI bar3ha gaI / vasanta meM kusumita campakalatA kI bhA~ti vaha madanavegA jaba vasudeva ke sAmane AI, taba unhoMne use bhramavaza 'vegavatI' nAma se sambodhita kiyaa| isapara madanavegA rUThakara calI gaI aura vasudeva usake manAne kA upAya socane lage (caudahavA~ madanavegA-lambha) / kSaNabhara meM phira madanavegA prasanna mu~ha liye lauTa aaii| isI samaya mahala meM hallA huA / vasudeva har3abar3Akara uThe, dekhate haiM ki mahala jala rahA hai ! isI kolAhala kI ghar3I meM vaha madanavegA (jo vastutaH pracchanna zUrpaNakhI vasudeva ko sAtha lekara AkAza meM ur3a gaI aura kucha dUra le jAkara unheM chor3a denA caahaa| tabhI unhoMne dekhA ki mAnasavega unheM pakar3anA cAha rahA hai| taba madanavegA (zUrpaNakhI) ne vasudeva ko chor3a diyA aura vaha mAnasavega para prahAra karane lagI / mAnasavega bhAga gyaa| AkAza meM cakkara khAte hue vasudeva magadha-janapada ke rAjagRha nagara meM puAla kI

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA TAla para A gire / vasudeva TAla se nIce utare aura vahA~ eka puSkariNI meM hAtha-pA~va dhokara unhoMne nagara meM praveza kiyaa| nagara kI vibhUti ko dekhate hue vaha chUtazAlA meM jA phuNce| vahA~ amAtya, seTha, sArthavAha, purohita, nagara-rakSaka aura daNDanAyaka Adi dhanADhya nAgarika maNi, rala aura sone kA Dhera sAmane rakhakara juA khela rahe the| vasudeva bhI dyUtakrIr3A meM sammilita ho gye| unhoMne eka lAkha mUlya kI apanI hIre kI aMgUThI dA~va para lgaaii| anta meM vaha eka karor3a kA dhana jItakara uThe aura usa dhana ko unhoMne dIna-duHkhiyoM aura anAthoM meM bA~Ta diyaa| isI samaya rAjA jarAsandha ke sipAhiyoM ne vasudeva ko bandI banA liyA; kyoMki rAjA jarAsandha ko prajApati zarmA nAmaka jyotiSI ne batAyA thA ki jo jUe meM eka karor3a jItakara garIboM meM bA~Ta degA, vahI rAjA ke zatru (kRSNa) kA pitA hogaa| vasudeva ko rAjadarabAra meM upasthita karane ke bajAya ve sipAhI unheM camar3e ke thaile meM DAlakara chinakaTaka pahAr3a para le gaye aura vahA~ se nIce kI ora lur3hakA diyaa| camar3e ke thaile meM banda vasudeva ne anubhava kiyA ki lur3hakate hue unako sahasA kisI ne thAma liyA hai aura unheM dUra le jAkara jamIna para rakha diyA hai| sA~pa jisa prakAra keMcula se bAhara nikala AtA hai, usI prakAra vasudeva camar3e ke thaile se bAhara nikala aaye| tabhI, vasudeva ne vegavatI ko rote hue dekhA / vasudeva ne use Azvasta kiyA / taba vegavatI ne pichalI bAtoM kA smaraNa dilAte hue vasudeva se kahA ki bichAvana para Apako na pAkara maiM jaga par3I aura Apake bAre meM kisI prakAra kI sUcanA na milane se rone lgii| mujhe AzaMkA huI ki bhAI mAnasavega ne Apako apahRta kara liyA hai| vidyAbala se maiMne patA lagAyA, to jJAta huA ki sacamuca mAnasavega Apako hara le gayA hai aura bhavitavyatAvaza abhI Apa vidyAdharoM ke bandI hokara unakI bahana madanavegA se vivAha kara rahe haiN| vegavatI ne vasudeva se Age batAyA ki vaha unako dekhane kI icchA se apanI mA~ kI AjJA lekara mahApura (suvarNAbhapura) se nikala par3I aura AkAzamArga se bhAratavarSa ko dekhatI huI amRtadhAra parvata para pahuMcI aura usa parvata ko pArakara ariMjayapura calI aaii| vahIM usane unako (vasudeva ko) vegavatI ke nAma se madanavegA ko sambodhita karate dekhaa| isI para madanavegA rUThakara calI gii| tabhI, hephphaga kI bahana zUrpaNakhI ne rAjamahala meM Aga lagA dI aura madanavegA kA rUpa dharakara unheM, vadha kI icchA se hara le clii| vegavatI ne kahA ki pratirodha karane para mAyAvinI zUrpaNakhI ne apane ko mAnasavega ke rUpa meM pradarzita kiyA aura usakI vidyA chIna lii| phalata:, nirupAya hokara vaha jisa ora zUrpaNakhI gaI thI, usI ora jAkara bhaTakane lgii| usI samaya use AkAzavANI sunAI par3I ki usakA pati chinnakaTaka parvata se nIce gira rahA hai| AkAzavANI sunakara vaha (vegavatI) turata isa pradeza meM calI AI aura pahAr3a se girate hue, camar3e ke thaile meM banda unako (vasudeva ko) usane thAma liyaa| __ . isa prakAra, vidyAdharI se mAnavI banI huI vegavatI ko prApta kara vasudeva bahuta prasanna hue aura usake manovinoda ke lie use sAtha lekara varuNodikA nadI ke saikata taTa para cale aaye| vahA~ unhoMne vegavatI ke sAtha pA~ca nadiyoM kI dhArAoM ke saMgama meM snAna kiyA, phira siddhoM ko praNAma kara bAhara aaye| vahA~ una donoM ne svAdiSTha phala khAye aura phira jala kA pAna aura Acamana kiyaa| vasudeva ke pAsa rahate hue vegavatI ne pratyakSa Ananda kA lAbha liyA(pandrahavA~ vegavatI-lambha) /

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59 vasudeva aura vegavatI donoM Apasa meM batacIta kA silasilA bar3hAte hue eka dUsare ko prasanna kara rahe the, tabhI unheM eka azokavRkSa ke nIce nAgapAza se ba~dhI kanyA dikhAI pdd'ii| use dekhakara vegavatI vasudeva se bolI : "yaha bAlikA uttarazreNI meM sthita gaganavallabha nagara ke rAjA candrAbha kI beTI rAnI menakA kI AtmajA bAlacandrA hai / yaha merI bAlyasakhI hai| vidyA kI sAdhanA se bhraSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha nAgapAza meM ba~dha gaI hai aura isa prakAra isakA prANa saMkaTa meM par3a gayA hai / isalie Apa ise jIvanadAna dene kI kRpA kreN|" vasudeva ne vegavatI kI bAta mAnakara jyoMhI usa kanyA ko pAzamukta kiyA, tyoMhI vaha mUrcchita hokara gira pdd'ii| vasudeva ne jaba usake mu~ha para pAnI ke chITe diye, taba vaha prakRtistha huI, aura dakSiNa pavana ke sparza se khilI vasanta-nalinI ke samAna usakI zobhA lauTa aaii| taba usa bAlikA bAlacandrA ne vasudeva se nivedana kiyA : "Aryaputra ! mere kula meM vizeSata: kaSTasAdhya vighna karanevAlI mahAvidyAe~ haiN| ApakI kRpA se merI vidyA siddha ho gii| prANa-saMkaTa kI sthiti meM mujhe jIvanadAna milaa|" taba vasudeva ne use Azvasta karate hue usase vizeSa kaSTa se vidyAoM ke siddha hone kA kAraNa puuchaa| taba usane apane nikAyavRddhoM se sunI huI kathA ko duharAte hue kahA ki hamAre kula meM nAgarAja dharaNa ke zApadoSa se lar3akiyoM ko mahAvidyAe~ kaSTa se siddha hotI haiN| bAlacandrA ne vasudeva se puna: kahA ki usake vaMza meM nayanacandra nAma ke rAjA hue the| unakI rAnI madanavegA se ketumatI nAma kI putrI utpanna huii| bhArata-vijaya ke krama meM puruSottama vAsudeva (vasudevaputra kRSNa) ne dayAdravita hokara vidyA ke purazcaraNa se khinna madanavegA ko pAza se mukta kara diyA, taba apane ko kRtArtha mAnatI huI vaha unhIM kI caraNasevikA ho gii| usI prakAra, vaha bhI apane mAtA-pitA se anujJAta hokara unakI sevikA honA caahegii| isIlie usane vasudeva se vidA mA~gI aura unase vara mA~gane kA bhI Agraha kiyaa| taba vasudeva ne bAlacandrA se, usakI zarIra-rakSA ke nimitta kaSTa uThAnevAlI vegavatI ke lie vidyAsiddhi kA vara mA~gA / bAlacandrA ne vinayapUrvaka sira navAkara vegavatI ko vidyA denA svIkAra kara liyaa| usake bAda usane vasudeva kI pradakSiNA kI aura vegavatI ko sAtha lekara AkAza meM ur3a gaI (solahavA~ baalcndraa-lmbh)| bAlacandrA aura vegavatI ke cale jAne para vasudeva dakSiNa kI ora cala pdd'e| bahuta dUra nikala jAne para unheM eka Azrama dikhAI pdd'aa| vahA~ pahu~cate hI RSiyoM ne unakA svAgata aura abhinandana kiyaa| vahA~ unhoMne RSiyoM se dharmopadeza karane kA anurodha kiyaa| taba una RSiyoM ne zaivAlI (gautamasvAmI dvArA pratibodhita eka tApasa) dvArA kathita dharma kA pravacana kiyaa| tadanantara, unhoMne vasudeva ko zrAvastI nagarI ke rAjA eNIputra kI kathA sunaaii| eNIputra kI rAjadhAnI kA vAsI kAmadeva seTha kI putrI bandhumatI thii| vaha sarvAMgasundarI aura sabhI kalAoM meM nipuNa thii| usake rUpa se vismita aneka mahAdhanI puruSa usakI yAcanA karate the, kintu seTha kisI ko bhI apanI lar3akI nahIM detA thaa| seTha kA kahanA thA ki mandira meM pratiSThita usake pitAmaha kAmadeva kI pratimA jisa vara ke lie sakI dene kA nirdeza karegI, usI vara ko vaha apanI lar3akI degaa| bhisaki....

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60 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___ vasudeva, yaha sunakara kutUhala se bhara utthe| vaha zrAvastI ke ukta mandira ke prAMgaNa meM pahu~ca / mandira ke pujArI brAhmaNa ne unase kahA ki yadi vaha mandira ke bhItara jAkara usameM pratiSThita siddha-pratimA kA darzana karanA cAhate haiM, to kSaNabhara pratIkSA kreN| apanI putrI ke vara kA icchuka seTha yahA~ AyagA aura vaha mandira ke dvAra para lage battIsa nokoMvAle tAle ko kholegaa| yaha kahakara brAhmaNa calA gyaa| vasudeva tAlodghATinI vidyA ke bala se tAlA kholakara mandira ke andara cale gaye / mandira kA dvAra pUrvavat banda ho gyaa| mandira kA antarbhAga sugandhita dhUpa se suvAsita aura maNidIpa se prakAzita thaa| vasudeva ne siddha-pratimA ko praNAma kiyaa| tabhI, seTha ke parivAra kI AvAja sunAI pdd'ii| vasudeva, seTha ke pitAmaha kAmadeva kI pratimA ke pIche khambhe kI oTa meM jA khar3e hue| seTha ne daravAje kA kivAr3a kholaa| usane maNi-kuTTima para pratiSThita apane pitAmaha kAmadeva kI pratimA kI ujale phUloM se arcanA kI, dhUpa nivedita kiyaa| phira, pratimA ke pairoM para girakara kahane lagA : "pitAmaha ! bandhujanoM kI priya, bandhuzrI (seTha kI gRhiNI) kI putrI bandhumatI ke lie vara dIjie yA vara kI prApti kA upAya btaaie|" yaha kahakara seTha uTha khar3A huaa| tabhI, khambhe kI oTa se vasudeva ne apanA kamala-komala dAhinA hAtha bAhara nikAlakara phailA diyaa| seTha vasudeva kA hAtha pakar3akara unheM apanI ora le AyA aura 'deva ne bandhumatI ke lie vara diyA hai' aisA kahatA huA mandira kA dvAra banda karake, bAhara nikalA aura unake (vasudeva ke sAtha ratha para savAra hokara ghara kI ora cala par3A / nagara ke loga vasudeva kA rUpa dekhakara vismayavimugdha ho gye| zubha muhUrta meM seTha ne apanI kalAvatI apUrva sundarI putrI bandhumatI kA vivAha vasudeva ke sAtha karA diyaa| usake bAda rAjA eNIputra ne bhI bandhumatI-sahita vasudeva ko apane anta:pura meM bulAkara sammAnita kiyaa| vasudeva bandhumatI ke sAtha sukhabhoga karane lage (satrahavA~ bndhumtii-lmbh)| zrAvastI meM eka dina vasudeva bandhumatI ke sAtha sukhAsana para baiThe the, tabhI rAjA eNIputra kI putrI priyaMgusundarI kI samIpavartinI ATha nartakiyA~ vahA~ aaiiN| vasudeva jaba bandhumatI ke sAtha anta:pura meM gaye the, tabhI priyaMgusundarI ne unheM vahA~ dekhA thA aura usI samaya se vaha unake prati anurakta ho gaI thii| priyaMgusundarI ne apanI nartakiyoM ko yaha jAnane ke lie bhejA thA ki bandhumatI kA pati kauna hai, kaisA hai aura kahA~ se yahA~ AyA hai| nartakiyoM ne vasudeva se yaha sandarbha chipAte hue unakA pUrA vRttAnta (zauripura se bhAgane se prArambha karake abataka kA) unake hI mu~ha se ugalavA liyaa| rAjA eNIputra ne jaba priyaMgusundarI ke lie svayaMvara kA Ayojana kiyA, taba usane (priyaMgusundarI ne) vasudeva ke prati pUrvAnurAgavaza svayaMvara meM Aye rAjAoM meM se kisI kA varaNa nahIM kiyA; kyoMki usake manobhilaSita pati svayaMvara meM upasthita nahIM the| ___nAgIdevI ke kahane para vasudeva ne rAjA eNIputra ke anta:pura meM praveza kiyaa| aura udhara, devI ne rAjA se jAkara kahA ki priyaMgusundarI kA pati A gayA hai, use anta:pura meM le aao| isa prakAra, nAgIdevI kI kRpA se priyaMgusundarI ko vasudeva kA samAgama prApta huaa| anta meM, rAjA eNIputra ne rAjasI ThATabATa se vasudeva kA vivAhotsava kiyaa| vasudeva vahA~ bandhumatI aura priyaMgusundarI ke sAtha zreSTha bhoga kA Ananda lene lage / 'rUpa aura yauvana kI dRSTi se usa zrAvastI

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa nagarI meM aura saMsAre meM bhI priyaMgusundarI se bar3hakara koI nahIM hai, isa prakAra vasudeva mana-hI-mana gunate rahe aura yaha bhI socate rahe ki atIta aura bhaviSya kI paliyoM se unheM koI prayojana nahIM hai, aba vaha yahIM nivAsa kareMge (aTThArahavA~ priyaMgusundarI- lambha) / 61 [unnIsavA~ aura bIsavA~ lambha aprApya haiM / ] vasudeva mana meM jaisA soca rahe the, vaisA huA nhiiN| usI samaya unake prati anurAga rakhane vAlI pUrvapatnI prabhAvatI, jo bAda meM unakI patnI banI, vahA~ AI aura unheM priyaMgusundarI ke pAsa se, suvarNapurI meM somazrI ke pAsa le gaI / yadyapi suvarNapurI meM vaha pracchanna bhAva se rahate the, tathApi unake pratidvandvI mAnasavega ne unheM dekha liyA aura unheM bandI banA liyA / isapara vegavatI (vasudeva kI vidyAdharI patnI) ke AdamiyoM ne mAnasavega kA virodha kiyaa| taba mAnasavega bolA : "isane (vasudeva ne) merI bahana ko vinA merI anumati ke apanI patnI banA liyA hai|" vasudeva ne mAnasavega para Aropa lagAyA : "tumane merI patnI somazrI kA apaharaNa kara liyA hai|" mAnasavega ne saphAI dI : "vaha to mujhe hI pahale dI gaI thI / tumane to balapUrvaka use hathiyA liyA hai / isake lie nyAyika nirNaya ho jaay|" nyAyika nirNaya ke lie mAnasavega aura usake pakSapAtI aMgAraka, hephphaga aura nIlakaNTha ke sAtha vasudeva kA yuddha prArambha huA / prabhAvatI se prApta prajJaptividyA dvArA vasudeva ne saparivAra una cAroM pratipakSiyoM ko parAjita kara diyaa| mAnasavega kI mAtA vasudeva se putra kI prANarakSA kI bhIkha mA~gane lgii| somazrI kI, mAnasavega ke rudhira se snAna kI pratijJA pUrI karane ke nimitta vasudeva ne use (mAnasavega ko) lohUluhAna karake chor3a diyaa| isa prakAra, parAjita mAnasavega kiMkara kI bhA~ti vinamra bhAva se vasudeva kI sevA karane lgaa| phira eka dina somazrI ke kathanAnusAra vasudeva mAnasavega dvArA vikurvita vimAna se somazrI sAtha mahApura lauTa gaye / eka dina vasudeva ghur3asavArI kara rahe the ki hephphaga ne unakA apaharaNa kara liyA / AkAzamArga se kucha dUra jAne para vasudeva ne hephphaga kI pITha para tIvra AghAta kiyA / phalataH, hephphaga ne unheM chor3a diyA aura vaha bahuta bar3e hRda meM A gire / hrada se nikalakara jaba vaha sama bhUbhAga para Aye, taba pArzvasthita chinnakaTaka parvata se do cAraNazramaNa tIvragati se pakSI kI bhA~ti ur3ate hue nIce utare / vasudeva unake sAtha eka Azrama meM pahu~ce / vahA~ unhoMne zramaNoM se zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke carita sune / usI krama meM vasudeva ne vasantapura ke rAjA jitazatru kI rAnI aura jarAsandha kI putrI indrasenA kI cikitsA karake use pizAca ke Aveza se mukta kiyaa| taba rAjA jitazatru ne prasanna hokara vasudeva ke sAtha apanI bahana ketumatI kA zubha muhUrta meM vivAha karA diyA / ketumatI ke jijJAsA karane para vasudeva ne use zauripura se apane niSkramaNa kI kahAnI sunA dii| phira, eka dina jarAsandha ke AmantraNa para usake dvArA preSita dUta ke sAtha vasudeva rAjagRha ke lie prasthita hue (ikkIsavA~ ketumatI - lambha) / apane kAryasAdhana meM tatpara dUta hRdayahArI vacanoM se vasudeva ko yAtrA ke lie prerita karatA rhaa| rAjA jitazatru ke dvArA diye gaye yoddhAoM, bhRtyoM aura sainyoM se ghire hue vasudeva dUta ke

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62 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA sAtha gAya, bhaiMsa aura dhana-dhAnya se samRddha gRhapaMtiyoM se bhare mArgavartI gA~voM aura janapadoM ko dekhate hue cala rahe the| rAste meM dUta unheM krama se prApta vanakhaNDoM, AyatanoM (mandiroM) aura tIrthoM se paricita karAtA jA rahA thaa| sukhapUrvaka par3Ava DAlate aura prAtarAza (kalevA) karate hue vaha sabake sAtha magadha-janapada pahu~ce aura vahA~ eka saniveza meM Thahara gye| vahA~ se vaha rAjA jarAsandha tArA bheje gaye ratha para savAra hokara rAjagRha nagara ke nikaTa upasthita hue| nagara ke samIpa dRr3ha aura kaThina zarIra-hAthavAle solaha AdamI khar3e the| unhoMne vasudeva ko praNAma kiyA aura phira Apasa meM kacha bAtacIta kii| data ne vasadeva se kahA : "Apa kSaNabhara yahA~ vizrAma kreN| Dimbhaka zarmA Apake samIpa AyagA / usake sAtha hI Apa nagara meM praveza kreNge|" taba vasudeva ratha se utarakara puSkariNI ke nikaTavartI eka udyAna meM cale gaye, jo ujar3A huA thaa| vasudeva ke pUchane para dUta ne batAyA ki "isa udyAna kA svAmI bahuta dinoM se pravAsa meM hai, isalie upekSA ke kAraNa isakI ramaNIyatA naSTa ho gaI hai| loga aba isake nikaTavartI udyAna meM ramane lage haiN|" vasudeva aura dUta isa prakAra bAtacIta kara rahe the ki kamara kase hue cAra AdamI vahA~ aaye| ve puSkariNI meM apane hAtha-pA~va dhokara vasudeva ke nikaTa upasthita hue| do AdamiyoM ne unake paira aura do ne unake hAtha dabAnA zurU kiyaa| zeSa bAraha AdamI apane hAthoM meM vibhinna prakAra ke hathiyAra liye unake pIche khar3e ho gye| bAtacIta meM vasudeva kA dhyAna ba~TA huA thA ki una hathiyArabanda logoM ne unheM bandI banA liyaa| vasudeva ne unase pUchA : "kisa aparAdha meM mujhe bandI banAyA gayA hai ?" taba dUta ne unase kahA : "hama svecchAcArI nahIM haiN| jyotiSI ne rAjA jarAsandha se kahA hai ki 'jo ApakI putrI indrasenA ko pizAca ke Aveza se mukta karAyagA, vahI Apake zatru kA pitA hogaa|' yahI (zatru kA pitA honA hI) ApakA aparAdha hai|" usake bAda ve astradhArI, vasudeva ko per3oM se AcchAdita saghana pradeza meM le gye| vahA~ vasudeva ne unapara vajramuSTi kA prahAra kiyaa| taba ve myAna se talavAra nikAlakara vasudeva ko mAra DAlane ke lie udyata ho gaye / vasudeva bhayatrasta hone kI apekSA abhayakAraka 'namaskAra-mantra' japane lge| tabhI, unheM koI, jisakA rUpa vaha nahIM dekha sake, Upara AsamAna meM uThA le gyaa| bahuta dUra le jAkara usane unheM dharatI para chor3a diyaa| vahA~ vasudeva ko eka vRddhA strI dikhAI pdd'ii| vasudeva ne anumAna lagAyA ki usI ne unakA uddhAra kiyA hai| pUchane para usane apanA paricaya dete hue unase kahA ki vaha dakSiNa zreNI meM sthita vaijayantI nAma kI vidyAdharanagarI ke rAjA narasiMha kI bhIgIrathI nAma kI patnI hai| isa samaya usakA putra balasiMha vaijayantI kA zAsaka hai| usakI putrI amitaprabhA kA pati, arthAt usakA jAmAtA gAndhAra hai, jo puSkalAvatI meM rahatA hai| usI kI putrI (arthAt vRddhA kI nAtina) prabhAvatI unakA (vasudeva kA) smaraNa karatI, duHkha meM par3I rahatI hai| usake bAda vaha vRddhA vasudeva ko kSaNabhara meM puSkalAvatI le gii| vahA~ unheM maMgalasnAna karAyA gyaa| nayA vastra pahanakara vaha chatra-zobhita ratha para savAra hue aura jayajayakAra ke bIca nagara meM Aye / usa avasara para nagara kI vizeSa sajAvaTa kI gaI thii| khir3akiyoM meM khar3I yuvatiyA~ rUpavAn vasudeva ko dekhakara prabhAvatI ke saubhAgya para IrSyA kara rahI thiiN|

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: vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa 63 vasudeva jaba maNiratna se khacita prAMgaNavAle vAsaghara meM svaccha aura sugandhita vastra se AvRta bichAvana para baiThe, taba suvarNanirmita devI jaisI rUpavatI prabhAvatI vahA~ AI aura motiyoM kI lar3I kI bhA~ti A~sU girAtI huI vasudeva se bolI : Apa akSata aura sampUrNa zarIra ke sAtha mRtyumukha se bAhara nikala Aye, yaha mere lie bar3I prasannatA kI bAta hai|" "devI kI upAsanA karake tumane hI to mujhe jIvanadAna dilAyA hai|" vasudeva ne prabhAvatI kI zlAghA karate hue kahA / usake bAda dhAI ne prabhAvatI se kahA: "beTI ! tuma bhI zIghra nahA lo / aba bhojana ke bAda kumAra ko dekhogI / " dhAI kI bAta mAnakara prabhAvatI calI gaI / usake bAda vasudeva ko divya bhojana karAyA gayA, phira tAmbUla se unakA satkAra kiyA gyaa| unake manoraMjana ke lie nATaka pradarzita kiyA gayA aura rAtri meM saMgIta sunate-sunate hI vaha premapUrvaka so gaye / phira, prAtaH kAla meM maMgalagIta ke sAtha jage / zubha muhurta meM rAjA gAndhAra ne vasudeva ko prabhAvatI sauMpa dii| vidhivat vaivAhika anuSThAna pUrA huaa| vipula sampatti daheja meM dI gii| mAnoM alakApurI meM kubera ke samAna rahate hue vasudeva prabhAvatI ke sAtha sukhabhoga karane lage (bAIsavA~ prabhAvatI - lambha) / eka dina vasudeva saMgItamaya sandhyA bitAkara rAta meM sukhapUrvaka soye hue the ki koI ajJAta rUpa se unheM AkAza meM ur3A le gyaa| jaba unakI nIMda khulI, taba unhoMne cA~danI ke prakAza meM kisI krUramukhI strI ko dekhA / vasudeva ne usakI kanapaTTI para mukke se joradAra prahAra kiyaa| vaha strI coTa khAte hI unake pratidvandvI hephphaga ke rUpa meM badala gaI aura usane unheM chor3a diyA / vaha vizAla jalarAzi meM A gire / vasudeva nadI ke uttarI taTa para Upara hue aura vahIM rAta bitAkara sUryodaya hone para vahA~ se thor3I dUra para sthita eka Azrama meM cale gye| Azrama ke maharSi ne arghya se unako sammAnita kiyA / maharSi se unheM jJAta huA ki yaha sthAna godAvarI ke taTa para basA huA zveta janapada hai / vahA~ unakI bheMTa potanapura ke rAjamantrI sucitra se huI / vaha unheM rAjadarabAra meM le gyaa| vahA~ unhoMne rAjadarabAra ke samakSa upasthita, sArthavAha kI do patniyoM ke ApasI jhagar3e ko sulajhAne meM rAjA kI madada kii| rAjA unapara prasanna ho gayA aura usane apanI putrI bhadramitrA aura soma purohita kI putrI satyarakSitA donoM se unakA pANigrahaNa karA diyaa| donoM priyatamAoM ko saMgIta aura nRtya kI zikSA dete hue vasudeva sukhapUrvaka vahA~ rahane lage ( teIsavA~ bhadramitrA aura satyarakSitA- lambha) / eka bAra vasudeva kollakira nagara dekhane ko samutsuka ho uThe aura apanI ukta donoM priyAoM ko vinA sUcanA diye akele hI nikala pdd'e| dakSiNa-pazcima kI ora calate hue vaha kollakira nagara pahu~ce gaye aura vahA~ ke mAlAkAroM ke atithi bane / unhoMne (vasudeva ne) bar3I kalAtmakatA ke sAtha eka mAlA ( zrImAlA) taiyAra kI aura eka mAlAkAra kI aprAptayauvanA putrI ke dvArA usa mAlA ko kollakira nagara kI rAjakanyA padmAvatI ke pAsa bhejaa| mAlA gUMthane kI kalA meM nipuNa vasudeva para rAjakanyA rIjha gaI / isake bAda vahA~ kA rAjamantrI apane rAjA padmaratha ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM AyA aura vasudeva ko ratha para baiThAkara apane ghara le gyaa| vahA~ vasudeva ne mantrI se harivaMza kI kathA sunAI / jyotiSI ne rAjA se kahA thA ki usakI putrI padmAvatI kA vivAha aise vyakti se hogA, jinake caraNa-kamaloM

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64 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ko hajAroM rAjA vinaya ke sAtha pUjate haiM / usa vyakti kI pahacAna ke bAre meM jyotiSI ne batAyA thA ki jo zrImAlA banAkara bhejegA aura harivaMza kI kathA sunAyagA, vahI isakA pati hogA / jyotiSI ke isa Adeza ko saphala karane ke lie rAjA ne apanI putrI padmAvatI kA vasudeva se vivAha karA diyaa| eka dina sarovara meM padmAvatI ke sAtha jalakrIr3A karate hue vasudeva ko kASThakalahaMsa ke chadmarUpa meM hephphaga punaH AkAza meM le gyaa| vasudeva ne jaba usapara prahAra kiyA, taba vaha asalI rUpa meM Akara unheM chor3akara bhAga niklaa| vasudeva punaH usI sarovara meM A gire, jisameM padmAvatI ke sAtha jalakrIr3A kara rahe the / isa prakAra, padmAvatI ke sAtha vibhinna prakAra se ramaNa karate hue vasudeva sukha se samaya bitAne lage (caubIsavA~ padmAvatI- lambha) / eka dina vasudeva madanamohita hokara pramadavana meM cale gye| vahA~ puSkariNI ke nikaTa kadalI- latAjAla se ghire mohana - gRha meM vaha padmAvatI ke pIche-pIche cala rahe the| tabhI, sahasA 'Aryaputra ! maiM DUba rahI hU~' bolatI huI padmAvatI ne vasudeva ko sarovara meM apanI ora khIMca liyA / vaha unheM pAnI ke andara le gii| vasudeva ko pAnI kI gaharAI kA andAja samajha meM nahIM rahA thaa| jaba vaha unheM pAnI meM bahuta dUra taka le gaI, taba unheM khayAla AyA ki yaha padmAvatI nahIM hai / usakA rUpa dharakara koI unheM chalanA cAhatA hai| unhoMne usapara kasakara prahAra kiyA / Ahata hote hI usane apane ko hephphaga ke rUpa meM badala liyA aura antarhita ho gyaa| isake bAda hI vasudeva ne apane ko vanalatA ke bIca par3A huA paayaa| vasudeva ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki padmAvatI kA apaharaNa kara liyA gayA hai| vaha usake viyoga pralApa karane lage, tabhI unheM vanecaroM ne dekhA / vanecaroM ne vasudeva ko praNAma kiyA aura unase kahA : "Aie, hama Apako padmAvatI dikhalAte haiN|" isake bAda ve unheM apanI pallI ke rAjA ke bhavana meM le gaye / vahA~ unhoMne pariNata vayavAlI striyoM ke sAtha thor3I dUra para khar3I eka kanyA kI ora vasudeva kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA / kanyA ko gaura se dekhane para vasudeva ko patA cala gayA ki padmAvatI se isa kanyA kI samAnatA to hai, lekina vaha padmAvatI nahIM / vastutaH vaha palla kI putrI padmazrI thI / pallIpati ne padmazrI ke sAtha vasudeva kA vivAha kara diyaa| padmazrI vasudeva kI sevA karane lagI / vasudeva ne bar3e sneha se usa kanyA se pUchA : "priye ! tumhAre pitA ne tumheM mere jaise ajJAtakulazIla ko kaise sauMpa diyA ? " taba padmazrI ne batAyA ki "mere pitA pallIrAja ke AdamiyoM (vanecaroM) ne jaMgala meM padmAvatI ke viyoga meM vilApa karate hue Apako dekhakara pahacAna liyA thaa| isIlie vanecaroM kI sUcanA ke AdhAra para hI pallIrAja ne mujhe Apako sauMpa diyaa|" isa prakAra, vahA~ padmazrI ke sAtha vasudeva kA samaya sukhapUrvaka bItane lgaa| usake pUchane para vasudeva ne use apanA vaMza-paricaya diyA / kAlakrama se padmazrI garbhavatI huI aura yathAsamaya usane zatruoM ko jIrNa karanevAlA 'jara' nAma ke putra ko janma diyA (paccIsavA~ padmazrI -lambha) / eka dina vasudeva, padmazrI tathA usakI pavitra goda meM kilakate apane putra ko chor3akara jaMgala kI ora nikala gaye / calate-calate vaha kaMcanapura nagara phuNce| vahA~ unhoMne upavana meM Asana

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa kara baiThe hue sumitra nAmaka parivAjaka ko dekhaa| unhoMne parivrAjaka unakA svAgata karate hue unheM vizrAma karane kA Agraha kiyA / 65 vandanA kI aura usane usake bAda parivrAjaka ke sAtha vasudeva kA prakRti - puruSa ke sambandha meM tarka-vitarka huA / parivrAjaka ne sAMkhyadRSTi aura vasudeva ne jainadRSTi se paraspara vicAra-vinimaya kiyA / vasudeva kI vAcoyukti se parivrAjaka jaba santuSTa ho gayA, taba usane puruSoM se dveSa rakhanevAlI gaNikA lalitazrI, jisakA dUsarA nAma somayazA thA, ke pUrvabhava kI kathA sunaaii| taba vasudeva ne lalitazrI ke hRdaya ko prabhAvita karanevAlA eka citra banAyA, jisameM unhoMne svayaM apane ko bhI aMkita kiyA, aura use dAsI ke dvArA lalitazrI gaNikA ke pAsa bheja diyA / citra meM aMkita vasudeva ko dekhakara vaha rIjha gaI aura puruSoM ke prati banA rahanevAlA usakA dveSa gala gayA / vaha vasudeva ke lie samutsuka ho utthii| anta meM, sumitra sAdhu ne lalitazrI ke sAtha vasudeva kA vivAha karA diyaa| taba vaha usa gaNikA (lalitazrI) ke sAtha vihAra karate hue sukhabhoga meM lIna ho gaye (chabbIsavA~ lalitazrI - lambha) / eka dina vasudeva lalitazrI ko vinA sUcita kiye akele hI nikala par3e aura kuzala janoM se basAye gaye kozala- janapada meM jA phuNce| vahA~ kisI adRSTa devI ne unase kahA : "vasudeva ! maiM rohiNI kanyA tumheM sauMpa rahI hU~ / tuma use svayaMvara meM dekhakara Dhola bajA denA / " devI ke -AdezAnusAra vaha riSTapura jA pahu~ce aura vahA~ DholakiyoM ke sAtha eka ora khar3e rhe| isI samaya unheM yaha ghoSaNA sunAI par3I: " rAta bItane ke bAda, kala prAta:kAla rAjA rudhira kI beTI aura mitradevI kI AtmajA kumArI rohiNI kA sajadhaja ke sAtha padhAre hue rAjAoM ke sAtha svayaMvara hogA / " rohiNI 'rohiNI' nAma kI vidyAdevI kI pUjA kiyA karatI thI / vidyAdevI ne santuSTa hokara use Adeza diyA thA ki vaha dasaveM dazArha vasudeva kI patnI banegI aura Dhola bajAnevAle ke rUpa meM vaha use pahacAnegI / svayaMvara meM, jisameM vasudeva ke jyeSTha bhrAtA samudravijaya bhI padhAre the, jaba sabhI rAjA maMcAsIna hue, taba vasudeva Dhola hAtha meM lekara DholakiyoM ke bIca meM jAkara baiTha gaye / rohiNI jaba svayaMvara meM AI, taba vasudeva ne Dhola bajAkara rohiNI ko udbodhita kiyA / rohiNI ne sabhI rAjAoM ko chor3a DholakiyA ke rUpa meM baiThe vasudeva ke gale meM varamAlA DAla dI / kSubdha kSatriya rAjAoM ne rohiNI ke isa vyavahAra se apane ko apamAnita anubhava kiyA / ve rAjA rudhira (rohiNI ke pitA) se yuddha karane lage / rudhira kI rakSA ke lie vasudeva ko vidyAdharoM kI sahAyatA upalabdha ho gaI / yuddha ke krama meM jaba samudravijaya aura vasudeva Amane-sAmane hue, taba donoM ne eka dUsare ko pahacAna liyA / astra tyAga kara vasudeva jyoM hI samudravijaya ke caraNoM meM jhuke, tyohIM unhoMne bhI astrarahita hokara unako a~kavAra meM bhara liyaa| lambe antarAla ke bAda anAyAsaprApta alabhyalAbha-svarUpa isa sukhada bhrAtRmilana kA samAcAra sunakara vasudeva ke zeSa - bhAI akSobha, stimita, sAgara Adi bhI vahA~ A pahu~ce / samudravijaya jaba riSTapura se lauTane lage, taba unhoMne anuja vasudeva ko upadeza diyA : "kumAra ! aba tumhArA hiNDana (paribhramaNa) karanA vyartha hai| aba tuma merI A~khoM se dUra mata raho /

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66 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA tumhArI jitanI vadhue~ haiM, ve kyoM apane pIhara meM raheM? yaha tumhArA dharma nahIM ki tuma ghara na Akara hameM anAtha banAye rho|" vasudeva ne kSamA mA~gate hue kahA : "Apa jaisI AjJA deMge, vaisA hI kruuNgaa| maiMne jo kapaTa maraNa (kRtrima maraNa) ke dvArA Apako kaSTa diyA, mere usa aparAdha ko kSamA kara deN|" samudravijaya cale gye| vasudeva rohiNI ke sAtha prItisukha kA upabhoga karane lge| kAlakrama se rohiNI ne eka sulakSaNa putra ko janma diyA, jisakA nAma 'balarAma' rakhA gyaa| usa rUpavAn putra ko dekha-dekhakara rohiNI aura vasudeva Ananda prApta karate hue dina bitAne lage (sattAIsavA~ rohinnii-lmbh)| aTThAIsaveM devakI-lambha kI kathA hai ki eka dina vasudeva sukhapUrvaka soye hue the ki prAta:kAla stutipAThakoM dvArA uccArita maMgalapATha ke svara se unakI nIMda khula gaI / usI samaya unhoMne dekhA ki eka saumya devI unheM aMguliyoM ke saMketa se bulA rahI thii| vaha usake pAsa cale gye| vastuta:, vaha devI vasudeva kI pUrvapatnI bAlacandrA kI nAnI dhanavatI thii| dhanavatI ne vasudeva ko sUcanA dI ki vegavatI (vasudeva kI pUrvapatnI) kI vidyA siddha ho gaI hai aura bAlacandrA unakA smaraNa kara rahI hai| vasudeva ke Agraha para dhanavatI unheM vaitADhya parvata para le gaI / vahA~ bAlacandrA aura vegavatI ne unheM praNAma kiyaa| isake bAda vegavatI ke mAtA-pitA ne vegavatI ko unheM sauMpa diyA aura dhanavatI ne bAlacandrA ko| zubha muhUrta meM donoM paliyoM se unakA vivAha huaa| daheja meM unheM vipula sampatti prApta huiiN| eka dina vasudeva ne ukta donoM priyatamAoM se kahA : "deviyo ! mujhe bar3e bhAI ne Adeza diyA hai ki maiM unakI A~khoM se dUra na rhuuN| hama saba eka sAtha raheM / tumhAre (vasudeva ke) jIvita rahate hue merI kulavadhue~ pIhara meM na rheN| agara tuma donoM ko pasanda ho, to hama zauripura cleN|" santuSTa hokara donoM ne yaha vicAra rakhA ki yahIM vidyAdhara-loka meM hamArI jo bahaneM (sapaliyA~) rahatI haiM, ve bhI isI jagaha Akara ekatra bhAva se ApakA darzana kreN| ve sabhI jaba A jAyeMgI, taba hama eka sAtha (Apake) bar3e bhAI ke pAsa cleNgii| taba, vasudeva ne apane hAtha kA likhA paricaya-patra dhanavatI ko diyaa| vaha, use lekara calI gaI aura usI paricaya-patra ke AdhAra para vasudeva kI anya vidyAdhara-paliyoM-zyAmalI, nIlayazA, madanavegA aura prabhAvatI ko le aaii| taba, bAlacandrA ne vidyAbala se vimAna vikurvita kiyA aura vasudeva apanI ukta chahoM vidyAdharapaliyoM ke sAtha vimAna para savAra hokara zauripura pahu~ca gye| vahA~ vasudeva ke agraja samudravijaya ne sapatnIka unake rahane ke lie pahale se hI svatantra bhavana sajAkara rakha diyA thaa| ____ kucha dinoM ke bAda bar3e bhAI kI anumati se vasudeva apanI sabhI mAnuSI paliyoM ko le aaye| ve thIM--zyAmA, vijayasenA (vijayA), gandharvadattA, somazrI (mitrazrI), dhanazrI, kapilA, padmA, azvasenA, puNDrA, raktavatI, priyaMgusundarI, somazrI, bandhumatI, priyadarzanA, ketumatI, bhadramitrA, satyarakSitA, . padmAvatI, padmazrI, lalitazrI aura rohinnii| ye sabhI apane-apane parivAroM ke sadasyoM tathA akrUra, jara, kapila, balarAma Adi kumAroM ke sAtha AIM / ina sabake sAtha vasudeva parama prIti kA anubhava karate hue sukhapUrvaka rahane lge|

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- 67 vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa eka dina kaMsa kI anumati se vasudeva rAjA devaka kI putrI devakI ko varaNa karane ke nimitta mRttikAvatI nagarI ko cle| rAste meM neminArada se vasudeva ko devakI ke rUpa-guNa kI sUcanA milii| taba vasudeva ne nArada se nivedana kiyA ki vaha unake rUpa-guNa kA varNana devakI se kreN| nArada AkAzamArga se cale gye| vasudeva apane AdamiyoM ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka par3Ava DAlate, kalevA karate hue mRttikAvatI nagarI phuNce| vahA~ kaMsa ne aneka prakAra se, rAjA devaka se kanyA kI mA~ga kii| zubha dina dekhakara rAjA ne apanI putrI devakI kA vivAha vasudeva ke sAtha kara diyaa| devakI aura devatulya samRddhi ke sAtha vasudeva mRttikAvatI nagarI se cala par3e aura krama se mathurA phuNce| kaMsa ke dvArA pUrvakRta Agraha ko mUlya dete hue vasudeva devakI ke sAtha mathurA meM rahane lge| isake bAda kRSNajanma kI kathA prArambha hotI hai aura kRSNa ke bAlacarita ko adhUrA chor3akara yaha mahAgrantha samApta ho jAtA hai ! (ga) kathA kI grathana-paddhati : yathAvivRta kathA-saMkSepa se spaSTa hai ki prAkRta-bhASA meM nibaddha 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva kA hiNDana (bhramaNa)-viSayaka rocaka aura romAMcaka vRttAnta gumphita hai| bhAratIya prAcya kathA-vAGmaya ke antargata adbhuta aura apUrva yAtrAvRtta-sAhitya ke rUpa meM 'vasudevahiNDI' zikharastha hai aura grathana-paddhati kI dRSTi se isakA apanA vaiziSTya hai| - samprati, 'vasudevahiNDI' kA jo ekamAtra saMskaraNa upalabhya hai, vaha prAkRta ke prakANDa vidvAn tathA bRhattapAgacchIya saMvigna zAkhA ke AcArya munizreSTha zrImatkAntivijaya ke ziSya aura praziSya muni caturavijaya aura muni puNyavijayajI dvArA sampAdita hai aura zrIAtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara (gujarAta) se san 1930-31I. meM prakAzita huA hai| grantha ke sampAdana ke krama meM vividha jaina bhANDAroM se prApta durlabha, lagabhaga gyAraha, pANDulipiyoM kI, jinameM tADapatrIya pANDulipiyA~ bhI sammilita haiM, sahAyatA lI gaI hai| phira bhI, durbhAgya se grantha apUrNa hai / pUre grantha ke kula aTThAIsa lambhoM meM, madhya ke do lambha (saM. 19 aura 20) evaM antima upasaMhAra-aMza aprApya haiM aura bIca-bIca meM bhI kucha aMza truTita haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke yathAprApta saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA se jJAta hotA hai ki sau lambhakoM meM nibaddha yaha grantha do khaNDoM meM vibhakta thaa| pUre grantha meM aTThAIsa hajAra zlokapramANa sAmagrI thii| prathama khaNDa meM unatIsa lambhaka the, jisakI viSaya-vastu gyAraha hajAra zlokapramANa thii| dUsare khaNDa meM ikahattara lambhaka the, jisakI viSaya-sAmagrI aTThAIsa hajAra zlokapramANa thii| grantha ke ukta donoM khaNDoM ke racayitA bhI alaga-alaga the| prathama khaNDa saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne likhA thA aura dvitIya khaNDa ke racayitA the dharmasenagaNimahattara / kheda hai ki ina donoM mahAn granthakAroM ke paricaya ke sambandha meM koI sunizcita jAnakArI nahIM milatI / anAma aura ajJAta rahakara ina donoM racanAkAroM ne bhAratIya saMskRti kI tAttvika upalabdhimUlaka kartRtva meM apane-apane vyaktitva ko visarjita kara diyA ! muni caturavijaya-puNyavijayajI ne apane 'prAstAvika nivedana' meM itanA hI likhA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' ke yathAprApta prathama khaNDa ke prathama aMza ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNivAcaka sAtavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha ke suprasiddha bhASyakAra evaM AcArya jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa se pUrvavartI (cirantana) haiN| sampAdaka munidvaya ne yaha anumAna bhASyakAra (jinabhadra) ke bhASyagranthoM meM 'vasudevahiNDI' ke

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA nAmollekha ko dekhakara lagAyA hai / sampAdakadvaya ne dvitIya aMza meM granthakAra ke savizeSa paricaya prastuta karane kA saMketa to diyA hai, kintu ve paricaya upasthita nahIM kara pAye haiM aura unake dvArA yathApratijJAta tRtIya aMza kI to prastuti hI nahIM ho pAI hai| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNivAcaka kA paricaya jijJAsA aura pratIkSA kA hI viSaya banA raha gayA hai / 68 caturavijaya - puNyavijaya ne apane 'prAstAvika nivedana' meM 'vasudevahiNDI' ko 'unatIsa lambhakoMvAlI kRti' kahA hai / parantu unake dvArA sampAdita mUlabhAga meM kula aTThAIsa lambhaka hI hai, jinameM unnIsavA~ aura bIsavA~ lambhaka lupta haiN| isa prakAra, kulaM chabbIsa lambhaka hI mUla grantha meM prApta haiM / caturavijaya- puNyavijaya kI bhUmikA meM unatIsa lambhakoM kA ullekha bhrAntijanaka hai / aura, isa bhrAnti kI punarAvRtti bhI huI hai| DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina tathA DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI Adi zodha- adhItiyoM ne caturavijaya - puNyavijaya kI bhUmikA ke bhrAntipUrNa ullekha ko, vinA UhApoha kiye yathAvat svIkAra kara liyA hai|' kintu, DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne isa bhrAnti ko lakSya kara apanI sUkSmekSikA kA prazaMsanIya paricaya diyA hai / 2 'vasudevahiNDI' kI grathana-paddhati ke sandarbha meM ukta tInoM vidvAnoM ke atirikta DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne bhI AdhikArika carcA kI hai| isa sandarbha meM vistRta vivaraNa tathA sUcanA ke lie unakI zodhakRti 'di vasudevahiNDI : en oNtheNTika jaina varsana oNva di bRhatkathA' (pra. el. DI. iMsTIcyUTa oNva iNDolaoNjI, ahamadAbAda) draSTavya hai / hama yahA~ ukta vidvAnoM ke vicAroM kA anudhvanana-anusaraNa karate hue apanA mantavya vyakta kareMge / jaina paramparA meM 'vasudevahiNDI' ke do rUpa milate haiM: pahalA grantha (jo hamAre AlocanAtmakaM adhyayana kA upajIvya viSaya hai) saMghadAsagaNI-racita hai / ise prathama khaNDa kahate haiM / dharmasenagaNimahattara dvArA racita isI kA eka dUsarA khaNDa bhI upalabdha hai, jo madhyamakhaNDa (prA. majjhima yA majjhilla khaNDa) ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isakI pANDulipi, DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ke sUcanAnusAra, ahamadAbAda ke 'lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti-vidyAmandira' (el. DI. iMsTIcyUTa oNva iNDolAjI) meM surakSita hai aura ukta saMsthAna ke manISI nidezaka paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke tattvAvadhAna meM pANDulipi kA sampAdana DaoN. bhAyANI aura DaoN. ramaNIkalAla ne kiyA hai, jisakA prakAzana zIghra hI sambhAvita hai / 3 1. (ka) bihAra- rASTra bhASA-pariSad (paTanA) dvArA prakAzita 'kathAsaritsAgara' (samazlokI hindI - anuvAda-sahita) ke prathama saMskaraNa (1960I) kI DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla- likhita bhUmikA, pR. ba. (kha) DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina : 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna', prathamAnuyoga, prAkRta-prakaraNa, pR. 14 (ga) DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI : 'haribhadra ke prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana', pR. 37 2. draSTavya : 'di vasudevahiNDI : en oNtheNTika jaina varsana oNva di bRhatkathA' (vasudevahiNDI' kA a~garejI meM anUdita tulanAtmaka saMskaraNa) : saM. tathA anu. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina, iNTroDakzana : kriTikala epareTasa, pR. 15 kI pAdaTippaNI do 3. sUcanA hai ki aba yaha prakAzita ho gayA hai aura isake prakAzita ho jAne se 'vasudevahiNDI' ke lupta lambhakoM meM nibaddha, prabhAvatI (lambha) kI saMketita kathA kA pUrA aMza sulabha ho gayA hai, jisase 'vasudevahiNDI' ke zodha tathA adhyayana kI dizA meM eka abhinava AyAma udbhAvita huA hai| merA yaha kathana anumAnAdhR hai; kyoMki 'madhyamakhaNDa' kA avalokana maiMne nahIM kiyA hai| --le.

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa 69 ukta madhyamakhaNDa kI racanA, dharmadAsagaNI ne apane pUrvavartI saMghadAsagaNI kI racanA ko Age bar3hAte hue, lagabhaga do zatI bAda prastuta kI hai / usakI bhUmikA meM, DaoN. agravAla tathA DaoN. jaina anusAra, dharmadAsa ne kahA hai: "kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ne lagAtAra eka sau varSoM taka paribhramaNa kiyA aura aneka vidyAdharoM evaM rAjAoM kI kanyAoM se vivAha kiyA / saMghadAsagaNI ne vasudeva ke kevala unatIsa ' vivAhoM kA varNana kiyA thaa| zeSa ikahattara vivAhoM kI kathA unhoMne vistAra bhaya se chor3a dI thI / use madhyama yA bIca ke lambhakoM ke sAtha kathAsUtra milAte hue maiM kaha rahA hU~ / ' "2 spaSTa hai ki dharmasenagaNI-kRta 'madhyama vasudevahiNDI' meM ikahattara lambhaka satraha hajAra zlokoM pUrNa hue haiN| DaoN. agravAla kI dhAraNA hai ki dharmasena ne anumAna ke AdhAra para vasudeva ke pUrvakRta vivAhoM ke DhaMga para hI jitanI aura kathAe~ mila sakIM yA gar3hI jA sakIM, unheM jor3a-baTorakara pariziSTa-rUpa meM eka naye grantha kA ThATa khar3A kiyaa| isase yaha anumAna karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM ki mUla 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yA usase pahale kI 'bRhatkathA' meM vivAhoM kI kahAniyoM kA aisA hI vistAra thA / dharmasenagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'madhyamakhaNDa' nAma kI sArthakatA isa mAnI meM hai ki saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ke grantha kA 28vA~ lambhaka jahA~ samApta hotA hai, usase Age dharmasena ne apanA kathAsUtra nahIM calAyA, balki unhoMne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke aTThArahaveM kathA priyaMgusundarIlambha ke sAtha - apane ikahattara lambhoM kA sandarbha jor3A hai aura isa taraha saMghadAsa kI 'vasudevahiNDI' ke AsaMga meM apane kathAgrantha ko vistAra diyA / isIlie ise 'vasudevahiNDI' kA madhyamabhAga yA 'madhyamakhaNDa' kahate haiM / samprati, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke prApya saMskaraNa meM chaha prakaraNa haiM : 1. kathotpatti, 2 . dhammilahiNDI, 3. pIThikA, 4. mukha, 5. pratimukha aura 6. zarIra / antima prakaraNa 'zarIra' ke antargata hI 28 lambhakoM kI kahAniyA~ haiM, jinameM antima devakIlambha apUrNa hai aura 19 veM - 20 veM lambhakoM kI kahAniyA~ bhI lupta haiM / aTThArahaveM priyaMgusundarIlambha ke bAda ikkIsaveM ketumatIlambha kI kathA prArambha hotI hai / yahIM 18veM lambha kI samApti para dharmasenamaNI ne apane madhyamakhaNDa kI kathA upanibaddha kI hai / hai ki kula tIna sau sattara pRSThoM meM nibaddha 'vasudevahiNDI' ke yathAprApya saMskaraNa ke, chabbIsa pRSThoM meM paribaddha 'kathotpatti' nAmaka pahale prakaraNa ke bAda pacAsa pRSThoM meM nibaddha 'dhammillahiNDI' nAma kA eka mahattvapUrNa prakaraNa hai / kintu spaSTa hai, yaha prakaraNa kisI ajJAta mUlasthAna se chiTakakara 'vasudevahiNDI' meM A jur3A hai| isa 'dhammillahiNDI' prakaraNa meM 'dhammilla ' nAmaka sArthavAha-putra kI kathA hai, jisane deza - dezAntaroM meM jAkara battIsa kanyAoM se vivAha kiye / inameM kucha vidyAdhara-kanyAe~ thIM, kucha rAjakanyAe~ aura kucha sArthavAha kI putriyA~ / mUlagrantha meM ise dhyAtavya 1. kintu, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke prApta saMskaraNa meM aTThAIsa vivAhoM kA hI ullekha hai / --le. 2. " suvvai ya kira vasudeveNaM vAsasataM paribhamaMteNaM imammi bharahe vijjAhariMdaNaravativANarakulavaMsasaMbhavANaM kaNNANaM sataM pariNItaM, tattha ya sAmAviyayamAdiyANaM rohiNIpajjavasANANaM eguNatIsaM labhittA saMghadAsavAyaeNaM uvaNibaddhA / ekasattariM ca vitthArabhIruNA kahAmajjhe chaDDitA / tato haM bho loiyasiMgArakahApasaMsaNaM asahamANo AyariyasayAse avadhAreUNaM pavayaNAnurAgeNaM AyariyaniyoeNa ya tesiM majjhillalaMbhANaM gaMthanatthe abbhujjao / taM suhaito puvvahANusAreNa ceva / " - ' kathAsaritsAgara' (pUrvavat), bhUmikA - bhAga, pR. 8

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30 ___ vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'dhammillacarita' bhI kahA gayA hai aura 'dhammilla' zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai : "jaM se mAUe dhamme dohalo jAto teNa hotu 'dhammillo' ti (pR. 27) / " athavA "jamhA NaM amhaM imammi dArae gabbhagae dhammadohalo AsI, taM hou NaM eyassa dAragassa nAmadheyaM 'dhammillo tti (pR. 76) / " arthAt, garbha kI sthiti meM usakI mAtA ko dharmAcaraNa ke viSaya meM dohada utpanna huA thA, ataeva putra kA nAma 'dhammilla' rakhA gyaa| guNAnca kI 'bRhatkathA' ke naipAlI aura kazmIrI navyodbhAvanoM--'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' evaM 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' tathA 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM 'dhammillacarita' kA ullekha nahIM hai / vastuta:, 'dhammilla hiNDI' kI kathA kA vAtAvaraNa sArthavAhoM ke saMsAra se liyA gayA hai| ise apane-ApameM eka svatantra racanA mAnA jA sakatA hai, jisakI mUla saMracanA kA AdhAra naravAhanadatta yA vasudeva ke kaI vivAhoM kI kathAoM se gRhIta hai| DaoN. agravAla ne 'dhammilla' zabda kA artha kezabandha mAnate hue, isakI vyutpatti ke krama meM apane anumAna kI baisAkhI ke sahAre, isake 'dramila' yA 'tamila' zabda se vikasita hone kI sambhAvanA kI hai, jo kaSTa-kalpanA hI hai| tattvata:, 'dharmila' zabda kA hI prAkRta rUpa dhammilla' hai / 'dhammilla' ke atirikta 'dhammila' pATha bhI milatA hai, jisakI ora 'vasudevahiNDI' ke sampAdaka caturavijaya-puNyavijaya ne saMketa kiyA hai| yadyapi, unakI sampAdakIya pAdaTippaNI (pR. 27) meM mudraNa-doSa raha gayA hai| ___ 'dhammillahiNDI' yA 'dhammillacarita' ke antargata agaDadatta muni kI AtmakathA milatI hai| isakA bhI svatantra astitva hai aura yaha paravattI jainakathAgranthoM meM padyabaddha yA gadyabaddha. rUpa meM aneka bAra AvRtta huA hai| hindI meM pracalita 'agar3adhatta' zabda isI 'agar3adatta' kA vikasita rUpa hai| jIvana kI hara dizA meM apratihata gati rakhanevAlA sadAprakhara aura aparAjeya vyakti hI 'agar3adhatta' kahalAtA hai| vidyA ke kSetra meM bhI 'agar3adhatta' vidvAn hote haiM / agar3adatta muni kA carita bhI apanI ___bauddhika sutIkSNatA aura pratibhA kI prakharatA kI dRSTi se parama sAhasika (eDaveMcarasa) hai / vastuta:, 'dhammillahiNDI' ko 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA-saMracanA-paddhati kI viziSTatA kI abhijJApaka pUrvapIThikA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kathAkRti ke prathana yA usakI saMracanA kI paddhati zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke anusAra hai| isIlie, zvetAmbara jaina vidvAn isa grantha se suparicita rahe haiM aura unhoMne isa grantha ke nAmollekhapUrvaka uddharaNa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| isa grantha kA nAma to 'vasudevahiNDI' hai, kintu kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne ise 'vasudevacarita' kahA hai aura RSabhanAtha tIrthaMkara kI vandanA karane ke bAda paMcanamaskAra mantra-rUpa maMgalAcaraNa kA upanyAsa kiyA hai| yadyapi, RSabha-vandanA ke bAda paMcanamaskAra mantra kA koI aucitya nahIM hai, tathApi isake sampAdaka munidvaya ne aneka pratiyoM meM ise aMkita dekhakara mUlapATha ko hI Adara diyA hai| paMcanamaskAra ke bAda kathAkAra ne likhA hai : "aNujANaMtu maM, guruparaMparAgayaM vasudevacariyaM NAma saMgrahaM vannaissaM / "... tattha tAva suhammasAmiNA jaMbunAmassa paDhamANuoge titthayara-cakkavaTTidasAravaMsaparUvaNAgayaM vasudevacariyaM kahiyaM / " arthAt, "maiM guru-paramparAgata 'vasudevacarita' nAmaka saMgraha kA varNana kruuNgaa| . . prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaMkara, cakravartI aura dazAra-vaMza ke rAjAoM kA

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa jo varNana kiyA gayA hai, usakA anusaraNa karake sudharmAsvAmI ne apane ziSya jambUsvAmI ko 'vasudevacarita' kA upadeza kiyA hai |"(prstaavnaa : pR. 1; kathotpatti : pR. 2) kintu, 'vasudevacarita' kI apara saMjJA 'vasudevahiNDI' kI sArthakatA vasudeva ke bhramaNa-vRttAnta se sambandha rahane ke kAraNa svata: spaSTa hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'pratimukha' prakaraNa meM pradyumna aura vasudeva (dAdA aura potA) ke saMvAda ke mAdhyama se vasudeva ke hiNDana kI anvarthatA kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai| rukmiNI se utpanna kRSNaputra pradyumna ne vasudeva se kahA : "sau varSoM taka paribhramaNa karate hue Apane mere lie aneka AjiyA~ (dAdiyA~) prApta kI / para, paribhoga meM lipta zAmba (rukmiNI se utpanna, kRSNa kA hI dUsarA putra) ko dekhie / bhAnu (subhAnu : satyabhAmA se utpana kRSNaputra) ke lie jo (eka sau ATha) kanyAe~ ekatra kI gaIM, ve hI use prApta ho giiN|" isapara vasudeva ne garvapUrvaka pradyumna se kahA : "zAmba to kUpamaNDUka kI taraha sukha se prApta bhoga se hI santuSTa rahanevAlA hai| lekina, maiMne paryaTana karate hue jo sukha-duHkha anubhava kiye, vaha kisI dUsare puruSa ke lie duSkara hai|" tadanantara, pradyumna ne praNatipUrvaka vasudeva se nivedana kiyA : "pUjya pitAmaha ! Apane jisa prakAra hiNDana kiyA, use kRpayA batalAie / vasudeva ne kahA : "mere lie tumase viziSTa pautra kauna hai? lekina, tuma merI hiNDana-kathA ko phira dUsaroM se kahoge, to ve mujhe phira se sunAne ko bAdhya kreNge| isalie, jisa-jisako sunane kI icchA ho, una sabako ikaTThA karo, taba tumhAre samakSa (maiM apanA bhramaNa-vRttAnta) khuuNgaa|" vasudeva kI AjJA ke anusAra pradyumna ne prasannatApUrvaka kulakaroM, akrUra, anAdhRSTi, sAraNaka Adi yAdavagaNa tathA rAma (balarAma), kRSNa Adi sabako sAdara nimantrita kiyaa| ve sabhI praharSita mana se ekatra hue| vidvAnoM ke bIca bRhaspati ke samAna vasudeva ne pradyumna-pramukha una (yAdavoM) ke bIca virAjamAna hokara dharma, artha kAma kA niSpAdaka evaM loka, veda, kAla (samayarUDhi) aura zAstra dvArA anubhUta apanA yAtrA-vRttAnta sujanoM ke lie zravaNasukhada svara meM sunAnA prArambha kiyaa| 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' (sarga 4, zloka 1-13) meM bhI isI prakAra kA prasaMga hai| nIlagiri para, kAzyapa RSi ke Azrama meM kAzyapa ke atirikta anya muni, rAjA naravAhanadatta ke mAmA pAlaka, naravAhanadatta ke mitra aura paliyA~ baiThI haiN| unake bIca hI kAzyapa ne naravAhanadatta se anurodha kiyA : "he AyuSman ! pAlaka-sahita hama tapasvI ApakI kathA sunane kI utkaNThA se sthiracitta baiThe haiN| Apane jisa prakAra yaha durlabha aizvarya prApta kiyA aura jisa rIti se ina vadhuoM ko 1."tato (pajjuNNo) bhaNati-ajjaya ! tubbhehiM vAsasayaM paribhamaMtehiM amhaM ajjiyAo laddhAo / passaha saMbassa paribhoge, subhANussapiMDiyAo kaNNAo tAo saMbassa uvtttthiyaao| vasudeveNa bhaNio pajjuNNo-saMbo kUvadaddaro iva suhaagybhogsNtuttttho| mayA puNa paribbhamaMteNa jANi suhANi dukkhANi vA aNubhUyANi tANi aNNena puriseNa dukkara hojjanti ciMtemi / tato paNao pajjuNNo viNNavei-ajjaya ! kuNaha me pasAyaM, kaheha jahA hiMDiya ttha / bhaNai-kassa vA kaheyavvaM? ko vA me tumAe visiTTho nattuo? kiM puNa tumaM si aNNesiM sAhitao, to me puNo bAhihiMti te; to jassa jassa asthi icchA souM taM taM melAvehi / tato tumaM purao kAUNa kahehaM / tato teNa tuTeNa kulagarA akUrA'NAhiTThi-sAraNagaNA ya rAma-kesavAdI ya nimNtiyaa| te te sameyA sahAe pahaTThamaNasA |tesiNc majjhagaovasudevo bahassatI viva kovidANaM pajjuNNapamuhANaM dhamma-'tthakAma-lagaveda-samayadiTTha-sutA-'NubhUyaM pakahio suyaNasavaNaNaMdiNA sareNaM / suNaha-"-va. hiM., pratimukha, pR. 110

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72 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA aMgIkAra kiyA--vaha saba hameM khie|" kAzyapa ke isa anurodha se naravAhanadatta saMkucita ho uThe ki jo striyA~ prItivaza unapara anurakta huIM aura prIti ke kAraNa jinhoMne unakA AharaNa kiyA, unakI kAmakathA kI bAta gurujanoM ke samakSa ve kaise kaha paayeNge| isa saMkaTa kI ghar3I meM naravAhanadatta ne apanI abhISTa devI pArvatI kA smaraNa kiyaa| mahAgaurI ne pratyakSa hokara unase kahA : "RSi, mAmA, bhAryAe~, mitra aura rAjA avantivarddhana-inameM jisake lie jo bAta ucita hai, vahI suneMge, anya nhiiN|" pArvatI ke aisA kahane para mAnoM sarasvatI hI naravAhanadatta ke mukha meM prakhara hokara unakA vicitra caritra sunAne lgii| ___ parantu, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vasudeva apanI kAmakathAe~ bhI apane beToM, potoM aura anya upasthita kulakaroM evaM yAdavoM ke samakSa nissaMkoca kahate cale gaye haiN| spaSTa hai ki brAhmaNa-paramparA kI ukta kathA meM jisa zIla, saMkoca aura maryAdA kA paridhi-bandhana upasthita kiyA gayA hai, vaha tadviSayaka zramaNa-paramparA kI kathA meM dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| nizcaya hI, naravAhanadatta jahA~ adhika maryAdAvAdI haiM, vahA~ vasudeva zaThatA aura dhRSTatA yA uddaNDatA se bhI kAma lete haiN| naravAhanadatta jahA~ dhIralalita nAyaka haiM, vahA~ vasudeva dhiiroddht| naravAhanadatta kA vyaktitva adhikAMzata: pAramparika hai, kintu vasudeva adhikatara paramparA ko nayA mor3a denevAle, ataeva pragatizIla aura vikAsavAdI manovRtti se sampanna haiN| vasudeva apane hiNDana kI avadhi meM prAya: ajJAtakulazIla hokara vicaraNa karate haiM aura naravAhanadatta kvacitkadAcit hI ajJAtakulazIlatA se kAma lete haiN| naravAhanadatta apanI pradhAnamahiSI madanamaMcukA ke sahasA gAyaba ho jAne para use khojane ke nimitta bhramaNa karate haiM aura usI krama meM unheM aizvarya tathA aneka vadhae~ upalabdha hotI haiN| kinta. vasadeva, apane jyeSTha bhAI dvArA ghara se bAhara nikalane para pratibandha lagAye jAne ke kAraNa Ubakara (ghara se) chalapUrvaka bhAga nikalate haiM aura zmazAna-sthalI meM, svayaM citA meM jala marane kI bAta likhakara dUra deza cale jAte haiN| aura isa prakAra, AtmamRtyu kI mithyAkathA ko pracArita karanevAle vasudeva ko parihiNDana ke lie mithyAtva kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| sattAIsaveM rohiNIlambha meM rohiNIsvayaMvara ke prasaMga meM, paraspara yuddha karate samaya, vasudeva aura unake jyeSTha bhAI samudravijaya ne eka dUsare ko dekhA aura pahacAnA / vahIM samudravijaya ne vasudeva ko vyartha idhara-udhara na bhaTakakara apanI yathAprApta vadhuoM ke sAtha ghara lauTa Ane kA nirdeza diyA aura isa prakAra 'kosalA'-janapada ke riSTapura meM rohiNI ke pitA rAjA rudhira ke rAjya meM, vasudeva ke hiNDana ko pUrNa virAma prApta huaa| _ 'kathotpatti' Adi chaha adhikAroM (prakaraNoM) meM vibhakta 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mUlakathA 'pratimukha' se prArambha hotI hai aura 'zarIra' prakaraNa meM samApta ho jAtI hai| mUlata:, 'zarIra' hI kathA kA mukhya bhAga hai| chaThA 'upasaMhAra' to aprApya hai aura 'zarIra' kA antima bhAga bhI lupta hai, isalie aTThAIsavA~ 'devakIlambha' apUrNa raha gayA hai| prathama 'kathotpatti' adhikAra kI kathAvastu : 'vasudevahiNDI' yA 'vasudevacarita' kI mUlakathA IsA-pUrva chaThI zatI meM magadha-janapada ke rAjagRha nagara kI dharatI para kahI gaI thii| rAjA zreNika (bimbisAra) kathA ke zraddhAlu zrotA bane the aura bhagavAn mahAvIra pravaktA / paravartI kAla meM , pradhAna gaNadhara sudharmAsvAmI ne bhagavAn

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa 73 mahAvIra dvArA prokta vasudevacarita kA punarAkhyAna apane ziSya jambUsvAmI ke lie kiyaa| isI prAcIna kathA ko saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne anumAnata: IsA kI tRtIya-caturtha zatI (arthAt jaina-sUtroM ke saMkalana-kAla) meM gadyakAvya ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne jambUsvAmI ke carita se hI 'kathotpatti' adhikAra kA prArambha kiyA hai; kyoMki sudharmAsvAmI ne jambUsvAmI ko hI vasudevacarita sunAyA thaa| rAjA zreNika ke rAjyakAla meM, rAjagRha meM, RSabhadatta vaNik kI patnI dhAriNI se jambUsvAmI utpanna hue the| svapna meM dhAriNI ko jambUphala kA lAbha huA thA, isalie navajAta putra kA nAma 'jambU' rakhA gyaa| sudharmAsvAmI se mokSamArga kI prApti kA upAya jAnakara jambU ne AjIvana brahmacArI rahane kA nirNaya kiyaa| mAtA-pitA ke bahuta samajhAne-bujhAne para vaha gRhastha-dharma svIkAra karane ko rAjI ho gye| ATha sArthavAha-kanyAoM ke sAtha unakA vivAha huaa| jambUsvAmI jaba apanI navavadhuoM ke sAtha vAsagRha meM virAjamAna the, tabhI jayapura ke rAjA vindhyarAja kA jyeSTha putra prabhava nAma kA cora vahA~ aayaa| pitA ke dvArA usake choTe bhAI prabhu ko rAjya milane ke kAraNa pratikriyAvaza usane vindhyagiri kI tarAI meM coroM kA eka saniveza sthApita kiyA thaa| use vividha vidyAe~ siddha thiiN| yahIM saMghadAsagaNI ne jambUsvAmI aura prabhava ke bIca sAMsArika sukhabhoga ke tyAga aura grahaNa ke sandarbha meM, aneka manoraMjaka aura zikSAprada kathAoM aura upakathAoM ke mAdhyama se, rocaka saMvAda upasthita kiyA hai| isI krama meM jambUsvAmI ke pUrvabhava kI Azcaryajanaka kathA bhI upanyasta kI gaI hai| anta meM, jambUsvAmI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara prabhava ne unakA ziSyatva svIkAra kara liyA aura unase vidA lekara vaibhAragiri para jAkara rahane lgaa| zrAmaNya ke anupAlana ke kAraNa prabhava corapati ke paryAya se mukta hokara prabhavasvAmI ho gyaa| jambUsvAmI kI kathA ke krama meM vidyunmAlI deva kI tapovibhUti kI bAta sunakara rAjA zreNika ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se prazna kiyA : "bhagavan ! tapa karake isI bhava meM phala prApta karanevAle kitane jIva haiM aura dUsare bhava meM puNyaphala prApta karanevAle kitane? bhagavAn ne uttara diyA : "apane tapa kA isI bhava meM phala prApta karanevAle dhammilla Adi aneka ho gaye haiM aura avasarpiNI-kAla meM, paraloka meM tapa kA mUlyarUpa deva-manuja-sukha pAnevAle vasudeva Adi haiN|" yaha sunakara rAjA ko bar3A kutUhala huaa| unake kutUhala ko zAnta karane ke lie bhagavAn ne vasudevacarita prArambha karane ke pUrva, rAjA se 'dhammillacarita' kahA (kathotpatti : pR. 26) / 'dhammillacarita' kI kathAvastu : __ isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne apane kathA-naipuNya se 'dhammillacarita' kI AnuSaMgikatA ko vasudevacarita kI mUlakathA se jor3ane kA prazaMsanIya prayAsa kiyA hai| phalasvarUpa, 'dhammillahiNDI' apane-ApameM svatantra kathA hote hue bhI 'kathotpatti' adhikAra kA eka abhinna aMga bana gayA hai| sAtha hI, jaisA pahale ullekha kiyA gayA, dhammilla kA parama sAhasika romAMcakArI carita hI vasudeva ke sAhasapUrNa vismayakArI carita kI pUrvapIThikA ke rUpa meM prastuta huA hai|

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74 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___nArI-mAtra se dveSa rakhanevAlA dhammilla paristhitivaza ghora kAmacArI bana jAtA hai| anta meM, muni ke upadeza se apane cAritrika utthAna meM saphala hokara tapobala se devatva prApta kara letA hai| yahI 'dhammillahiNDI' kA mukhya viSaya hai| isIlie, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dhammillacarita kI samApti karate hue kahA hai : "evaM khalu dhammilleNaM tavokammeNaM sA iDDI laddhA (pR. 76) jaisA kahA gayA, vasudevacarita kahane ke pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ne rAjA zreNika se 'dhammillacarita' kahA thaa| usI kathA ko sudharmA ne kUNika (bimbisAra-putra ajAtazatru) se sAvadhAna hokara sunane ke lie khaa| 'pIThikA adhikAra kI kathAvastu : ___ 'vasudeva ne kisa prakAra paraloka meM phala prApta kiyA?' aisA rAjA zreNika ke pUchane para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo kathApIThikA upasthita kI, use saMghadAsagaNI ne vasudeva ke bRhd itihAsa ke prAsAda kI pITha (AdhArabhUmi) kahA hai| isI pIThikA' adhikAra meM yaha spaSTa huA hai ki dvAravatI nagarI ke svanAmadhanya dasa dazAoM meM vasudeva dasaveM aura antima the| dvAravatI nagarI Anarta, kuzArtha (kuzAvarta), surASTra aura zukarASTra janapadoM kI alaMkAra-svarUpa zreSTha nagarI thii| isI prakaraNa meM pradyumna aura zAmbakumAra kI kathA kA mohaka prasaMga upanyasta hai| rAma (balarAma) aura kRSNa kI agramahiSiyoM ke paricaya kI kathA bhI vimohaka DhaMga se kahI gaI hai| jJAtavya hai ki ye sArI kathAe~ brAhmaNAmnAya kI pAramparika kathApaddhati se paryApta bhinna rUpa meM upasthita kI gaI haiM, jisase inameM viziSTa abhinavatA aura maulikatA kA samAveza huA hai| kathAbhUmi meM sarvatra lokajIvana kI antaraMgatA anusyUta hai / kathA kahane meM vicitratA aura vividhatA kevala saMghadAsagaNI kI hI apanI vizeSatA nahIM hai, apitu yaha sampUrNa prAkRta kathA-vAGmaya kA nijI vaiziSTya hai| __ isa adhikAra meM rukmiNI aura satyabhAmA ke sapatnItva kA prasaMga bhI bar3I rucira zailI meM apAramparika rIti se citrita kiyA gayA hai| rukmiNI ke putra pradyumna aura zAmba ne to mAnoM satyabhAmA aura usake putra subhAnu ko barAbara chakAte rahane kA hI bIr3A uThA liyA hai| yahA~taka ki subhAnu ke lie ekatra kI gaI eka sau ATha kanyAoM ko bhI zAmba apane adhIna kara letA hai| 'mukha' adhikAra kI kathAvastu : 'pIThikA' ko 'pradyumnacarita' aura 'mukha' ko 'zAmbacarita' kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| aneka vismayajanaka kathAoM aura anta:kathAoM evaM avAntara kathAoM se parigumphita pradyumna aura zAmba ke adbhuta-apUrva carita ko upanyasta karane meM kathAkAra kA abhiprAya vasudeva ke vaMzajoM ke sAhasika caritra kI ora saMketa karanA hai| vasudeva ke ina vaMzajoM kI vIragAthAe~ yA premakathAe~ lokajIvana kI yugIna pravRttiyoM kI paricAyikA haiM / ata:, samAja kI sAMskRtika evaM aitihAsika gatividhi ke adhyayanArtha ina kathAoM kI bar3I upayogitA hai| deza kA saccA itihAsa aura usakA naitika aura sAmAjika Adarza kI vividhatA aura vicitratA ina kathAoM meM surakSita hai| 'mukha' adhikAra meM mukhyata: zAmba aura subhAnu ke pArasparika krIr3A-vinoda kI kathA hai| isameM zAmba aura subhAnu kI dyUtakrIr3A kA prasaMga to sarvAdhika rucikara hai| eka bAra dyUtakrIr3A meM

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa 75 subhAnu zAmba se hAra gyaa| zAmba ne subhAnu ko pakar3a liyaa| satyabhAmA ne jaba subhAnu kI hAra kI bAta sunI, taba rotI huI vaha upAlambha ke svara meM kRSNa se bolI : "zAmba Apake dulAra ke kAraNa mere beTe ko jIne nahIM degaa| isalie, use manA kiijie|" satyabhAmA ke aisA kahane para kRSNa ne zAmba ke pAsa apanA sandeza bhejA, tAki vaha subhAnu ko chor3a de| isapara bhI jaba usane asvIkAra kara diyA, taba kRSNa svayaM zAmba ke pAsa gaye aura usakI uddaNDatA ke lie use bahuta taraha se samajhAyA aura DA~TA bhii| phira bhI, cAra karor3a lene ke bAda hI zAmba ne subhAnu ko chodd'aa| ___ isa prakAra, isa prakaraNa meM, rukmiNI tathA usake putra pradyumna aura zAmba ke dvArA satyabhAmA aura usake putra subhAnu ke apamAnita-parAjita kiye jAne kA pUrA-kA-pUrA prasaMga kathA ke pradhAna guNoM-ruciratA aura rocakatA se otaprota hai| 'pratimukha' adhikAra kI kathAvastu : vastutaH, isI adhikAra se 'vasudevahiNDI' yA 'vasudevacarita' kI kathAvastu kA prArambha hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne vasudevacarita kA prArambha bar3e nATakIya DhaMga se upanyasta kiyA hai| eka dina pradyumna vasudeva kA rUpa dharakara unake ghara meM gyaa| vasudeva kI patniyoM ne, vasudeva ke bhrama meM, pradyumna ko praNAma kiyA aura usakI arcanA kI / usake bAda unhoMne pradyumna se pUchA : "deva kahA~ se A rahe haiM ?" taba usane kahA ki jyeSTha bhAI ke ghara se A rahA huuN| phira, usane batAyA ki jyeSTha bhAI ke ghara AkAzacArI zramaNa Aye the aura unhoMne bharatakSetra ke dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa kA varNana kiyaa| isake bAda pradyumna, vasudeva kI patniyoM (arthAt, apanI dAdiyoM) ke samakSa dhAtakIkhaNDa kA bhaugolika varNana karane lgaa| tabhI vasudeva ne apane Agamana kI sUcanA dii| kintu, pratihAriyoM ne unheM roka diyA aura unase pUchA : "mere rAjA to anta:pura meM virAja rahe haiN| tuma unakI taraha rUpa dhAraNa karanevAle kauna ho?" "kyA bakate ho?" kahakara pratihAriyoM ko DA~Tate hue vasudeva anta:pura ke bhItara cale gye| vahA~ unhoMne apanA hI gambhIra svara sunaa| spaSTa hai ki pradyumna ne na kevala unake rUpa kA, apitu unakI svarabhaMgI kA bhI bar3I saphalatA se anukaraNa kiyA thaa| pradyumna ne jaba vasudeva ko dekhA, taba apane svAbhAvika rUpa meM Akara usane unakI caraNa-vandanA kii| AzIrvAda dete hue unhoMne pradyumna se pUchA : "deviyoM se kauna bAtacIta kara rahA thA?" pradyumna ne uttara diyA : "ApakI pratIkSA karate hue maiMne ApakA rUpa dharakara kSaNabhara ke lie deviyoM (apanI dAdiyoM) ko mohita kiyaa|" taba ha~sate hue vasudeva ne kahA : "pote ! devatA kI bhA~ti icchAnukUla rUpa dhAraNa karanevAle tuma aneka hajAra varSa jiyo|" ____ isake bAda pradyumna ne vasudeva se unake hiNDana ke vRttAnta jAnane kA kautUhala vyakta kiyaa| aura, pradyumna dvArA sabako ikaTThA kiye jAne para vasudeva ne apanA yAtrA-vRttAnta sunAnA prArambha kiyaa| isI krama meM vasudeva ne pahale andhakavRSNi-kula kA sAMgopAMga paricaya prastuta kiyA / 'zarIra' adhikAra kI kathAvastu : __isa pA~caveM adhikAra ke kula aTThAIsa lambhoM meM yathAprApta chabbIsa lambhoM ke antargata vasudeva ne apanI AtmakathA kA vistAra kiyA hai| pUrI kathA uttamapuruSa ( pharsTa parsana) meM kahI gaI hai / yahI

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' kA mUla bhAga yA mukhya kathAbhAga hai, jo kula 257 pRSThoM meM nibaddha hai / aura, uparyukta zeSa cAroM adhikAra nAtidIrghatA se kula 113 pRSThoM meM gumphita hue haiN| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' (bhAvanagara - saMskaraNa) ke kula 370 pRSTha upalabdha haiN| jaisA kahA gayA, chaThA adhikAra 'upasaMhAra' anupalabdha hai aura antima aTThAIsavA~ lambha bhI adhUrA hI raha gayA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kA 'kathotpatti' adhikAra vizuddha jainakathA ke prArambha karane kI prAcIna zailI kA nidarzana prastuta karatA hai / isa adhikAra spaSTa hai ki mUlataH isa kathA (vasudevacarita) ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zreNika se kahA thA aura phira ise sudharmAsvAmI ne jambUsvAmI se aura yatra-tatra kUNika (ajAtazatru) se bhI khaa| isa prakAra, vasudevahiNDI' kI mUla kathA, aneka AnuSaMgika saMvAdoM ke mAdhyama se upakathAoM aura antaHkathAoM se eka-dUsare meM anusyUta hotI huI bRhatkathAjAla meM pariNata ho gaI hai, phalataH kahIM-kahIM to mUlakathA kA sUtra hI kathAkAra ke hAtha se chUTa gayA-sA pratIta hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI to pAThaka 'vasudevacarita' se phisalakara kisI avAntara kathA ke AsvAda meM tanmaya ho jAtA hai aura mUlakathA ko prAyaH bhUla baiThatA hai| lekina, kathAnipuNa AcArya saMghadAsagaNI kathAsUtra ke saMcAlana meM itane satarka haiM ki avAntara kathAoM meM khoye hue pAThaka ko punaH mUlakathA kI ghaTanAoM se bar3I sahajatA ke sAtha lA jor3ate haiN| isa prakAra, pAThaka kathA ke AsvAda kI ramaNIyatA, vividhatA aura vicitratA meM taraMgita hotA calatA hai / 76 vasudeva ke bhaugolika paribhramaNa ke rUpoM kA sUcIbaddha upanyasana 'vasudevahiNDI' kI grathana-paddhati kI apanI ullekhanIya viziSTatA hai, jisameM kathAsUtroM ke aitihAsika krama kI sahaja vyavasthA vidyamAna hai, sAtha hI lokamAnasa ke vividha rUpoM kA pratibimbana bhI / isake atirikta, loka-saMskRti ke samasta upakaraNa bhI tIvratA ke sAtha mukharita hue haiN| maukhika yA likhita paramparA dvArA kramazaH eka pIr3hI se dUsarI pIr3hI ko prApta 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA apane sampUrNa AbhijAtya ke bAvajUda lokapracalita kathAnakoM se prasUta lokakathA hI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prathita kathAe~ mUlataH kAmakathAe~ haiM, kintu unakI pariNati yA paryavasAna dharmakathAoM meM huA hai 1 niSkarSa : kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ke hiNDana kI kathA se sambandha hone ke kAraNa, apanI 'vasudevahiNDI' saMjJA kI anvarthatA se yukta isa mahatkathAkRti kI mUlakathA kA uddezya vasudeva ke carita ko udbhAvita karanA hai / yaha 'vasudevahiNDI' guNADhya kI paizAcI 'bRhatkathA' kA prAkRta-navyodbhAvana hai, jo jainAmnAya kI, vizeSataH zvetAmbara - sampradAya kI sAmAjika-dhArmika avadhAraNAoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM lipibaddha huA hai| isameM zramaNa paramparA ke kathAkAra ne brAhmaNa- paramparA meM prathita 'bRhatkathA' ke caritranAyaka naravAhanadatta kI advitIyatA ko vasudeva ke samAntara caritra-citraNa dvArA dvitIyatA pradAna kI hai / naravAhanadatta kI bhA~ti vasudeva vidyAdhara to nahIM the, kintu unhoMne vidyAdhariyoM se vivAha avazya kiyA / vidyAdhariyoM yA vidyAdharoM kI sahAyatA se hI unheM vidyAoM kI siddhi prApta huI aura vidyAdhara- loka (vaitADhya parvata kI uttara aura dakSiNa zreNI) se unakA samparka sthApi huA / brAhmaNa-paramparA kI 'bRhatkathA' aura usakI uttarakAlIna vAcanAoM ('bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', 'kathAsaritsAgara' tathA 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI) meM kathAbhUmi ko adhikAMzataH devatva ke pariveza meM upasthita

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa kiyA gayA hai, kintu jainAcArya saMghadAsagaNI dvArA kiyA gayA devatva kA mAnavIkaraNa vizeSataH ullekhya hai| zalAkApuruSa vasudeva asAdhAraNa mAnava haiN| unheM sArI vidyAe~ aura kalAe~ adhigata haiN| unakA mukhya lakSya chadma rUpa se hiNDana karanA hai| isI krama meM vaha apanI kalAoM aura vidyAoM .. dvArA AtmarakSA to karate hI haiM, paropakAra yA lokopakAra bhI karate calate haiN| unakI asAdhAraNatA se prabhAvita vidyAdharanareza yA bar3e-bar3e bhUpati apanI-apanI kanyAe~ unheM arpita karate haiN| isa sandarbha meM kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne kathA kI bunAvaTa meM kahIM-kahIM tato'dhika nandatikatA se kAma liyA hai, to kahIM-kahIM rahasya aura romAMca kA camatkArI citra bhI upasthita kiyA hai| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne vasudeva ke katipaya pratinAyakoM kI bhI sRSTi kI hai, jinameM aMgAraka, hephphaga, nIlakaNTha aura mAnasavega pramukha haiN| phira bhI, prema kI trikoNAtmaka sthiti kahIM bhI nahIM utpanna hone pAI hai| yathAprApta nAyikAe~ ekamAtra unake (vasudeva ke) prati hI samarpita dikhAI gaI haiN| unakI sabhI paliyA~ kAvyazAstra kI dRSTi se prAya: svakIyA aura anukUla nAyikAe~ haiN| nAyikA-prApti meM adhika saMgharSa kA avasara kadAcit hI vasudeva ko prApta huA hai / saMgharSa adhikatara kalA-pratiyogitA ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| unake pratinAyaka, jo prAyaH chadmaveSadhArI vidyAdhara yA vidyAdhariyA~ bhI haiM, unheM soI huI sthiti meM AkAza meM ur3A le jAte haiM aura jaba unakI nIMda khulatI hai, taba unheM vastusthiti kA AbhAsa hotA hai| vaha apane pratinAyaka kI kanapaTTI para prahAra karate haiM aura pratinAyaka asalI rUpa meM Akara adhara meM hI unheM chor3a detA hai| aisI sthiti meM aksara unheM kisI sarovara yA jhIla meM girate hue dikhAyA gayA hai, yA kahIM vaha puAla kI TAla para bhI girate haiM yA vidyAdhara yA vidyAdhariyA~ unheM kahIM parvatazikhara para yA kisI ajJAta sthAna meM le jAkara chor3a detI haiN| mahAn paryaTaka tathA vaicArika prajJA ke dhanI vasudeva na kevala kAminI-prasAdanopAya meM catura haiM, apitu aparAjeya yoddhA, apratima kathAkovida aura kuzala cikitsaka bhI haiN| vaha barAbara apane sAtha aMgUThI, kaMgana Adi AbhUSaNa tathA rUpa aura svara badala denevAlI aMjana-guTikAe~ bhI rakhate haiM, jinakA prayoga vaha deza, kAla aura pAtra ke anusAra karate haiN| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kathAkAra ne vasudeva ke carita ko kahIM-kahIM to naravAhanadatta ke carita se bhI utkRSTa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| _ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vizAla bhArata kA vaibhavazAlI citraNa upasthita kiyA gayA hai| rAjagRha aura campAnagarI athavA magadha-janapada aura aMga-janapada kA gauravazAlI citraNa upasthita karane ke krama meM bihAra kA hRdayAvarjaka citra aMkita kiyA gayA hai| hiNDana ke krama meM vasudeva padayAtrA to karate hI haiM, vidyAdharoM yA vidyAdhariyoM dvAsa bhI eka deza se dUsare deza meM pahu~cA diye jAte haiN| isa prakAra, vaha abAdhagati se dakSiNa aura uttara bhArata kA hiNDana (paribhramaNa) karate rahate haiN| __ 'dhammillahiNDI' ke alAvA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM chaha vibhAga the : kathotpatti, pIThikA, mukha, pratimukha, zarIra aura upasaMhAra (lupta) / kathotpatti, pIThikA aura mukha adhikAroM meM kathA kA prastAva huA hai| pratimukha meM vasudeva AtmakathA kA Arambha karate haiN| satyabhAmA ke putra subhAnu yA bhAnu ke lie 108 kanyAe~ ikaTThI kI gaI thiiN| kintu, unakA vivAha rukmiNI ke putra zAmba se kara

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA diyA gyaa| isapara pradyumna ne vasudeva se kahA : "dekhie, zAmba ne antaHpura meM baiThe-baiThe 108 vadhue~ prApta kara lIM, jabaki Apa sau varSa taka hiNDana karate rhe|" isake uttara meM vasudeva ne kahA : "zAmba to kue~ kA meDhaka hai, jo saralatA se prApta bhoga se santuSTa ho gyaa| maiMne to paryaTana karate hue aneka prakAra ke sukha aura duHkhoM kA anubhava kiyaa| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki dUsare kisI puruSa ke bhAgya meM isa taraha kA utAra-car3hAva na AyA hogA (pR. 110) / " vastutaH, vasudeva ke isa choTe-se saTIka vAkya meM usa mahAn yuga kI halacala kA bIja samAhita hai, jisa yuga meM vyApArodyata sArthavAha vikala hRdaya se pazcima ke yavana deza se pUrva ke yavadvIpa aura suvarNabhUmi tathA zrIlaMkA ke vizAla kSetra ko dina-rAta rauMdate rahate the| bANabhaTTa ke zabdoM meM kahA jAya, to unake pairoM meM mAnoM koI dvIpAntarasaMcArI siddha lepa lagA huA thaa| ye yaha mAnate the ki dvIpAntaroM kI yAtrA se hI lakSmI kI prApti hotI hai : 'abhramaNena zrIsamAkarSaNaM bhvti|' 'matsyapurANa' ke lekhaka ne samudra ko lalakArate hue kahA hai : he uttAla taraMgoMvAle mahArNava, Ajakala laMkA Adi dvIpoM meM nivAsa karanevAle rAkSasa hI tumhAre jala meM Ate-jAte rahe haiM, jisake kAraNa usameM kIcar3a utpanna ho gayA hai| aba apane usa jala ko zilAoM se jar3e hue prAMgaNa meM badala DAlo; kyoMki devAdhideva ziva apane parivAra ke sAtha santaraNa karanA cAhate haiN| (matsyapurANa : 154. 455) / 'mahAbhArata' ke sabhAparva (49. 16) meM likhA hai ki usa samaya pUrva se pazcima aura pazcima se pUrvasamudra taka sArthavAhoM (yAtriyoM) kA tAMtA lagA rahatA thaa| 'divyAvadAna' meM to yahA~taka kahA gayA hai ki mahAsamudra kI yAtrA kiye vinA arthopArjana kI AzA aisI hai, jaise osa kI bUMdoM se ghar3A bharane kii| vasudeva ne pradyumna ko jo uttara diyA, vaha mAnava-hRdaya ke ina bhAvoM ke sarvathA anukUla thaa| nirantara paryaTana aura dUra-dUra dezoM kA paribhramaNa yahI bhArata ke svarNayuga kA jIvanoddezya bana gayA thaa| eka bAra nahIM, kaI-kaI bAra loga jokhima uThAkara samudroM kI yAtrA karate the| avazya hI, sAtavAhana-yuga kI sAmudrika yAtrAoM ke vAtAvaraNa meM jina kahAniyoM kI saMracanA huI aura 'bRhatkathA' ke rUpa meM guNADhya ne jinakA vizada saMgraha kiyA, unakI mUlabhAvanA isI prakAra kI jala-sthala-sambandhI halacaloM se paripoSita thii| kahanA na hogA ki unakA bharapUra prabhAva 'vasudevahiNDI' tathA 'bRhatkathA' kI dUsarI uttarakAlIna vAcanAoM para pdd'aa| uparyukta prAcIna paurANika kathA ke mantavyoM kA vivecana karate hue isa sandarbha meM DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne bar3I vizadatA se prakAza DAlA hai| nizcaya hI, guNADhya se somadeva taka bhAratIya kathAoM ke vistRta bhaugolika kSitija ke ullekha kA prAthamika mahattva to hai hI, tato'dhika sAMskRtika mUlya bhI hai| yathAvarNita vistRta bhaugolika kSitija meM 'caturdik paribhramaNa' kI artha-vyaMjanA ke lie lokabhASA meM 'hiNDI' isa choTe sArthaka zabda kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| tadanusAra, saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne guNAtma kRta 'bRhatkathA' kI zailI ko to apanAyA, kintu apane grantha kA nAma badalakara 'vasudevahiNDI' kara diyaa| 1. draSTavya : 'kathAsaritsAgara' (pUrvavata), bhUmikA, pR.10-12

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vasudevahiNDI kA srota aura svarUpa 79 pradyumna ne apane vRddha pitAmaha vasudeva ko jisa prakAra anajAne hI cher3a diyA thA, usase unake (vasudeva ke) mana meM ApabItI sunAne ke lie udagra utsukatA utpanna ho gaI aura 28 (prApya 26) lambhoM ke rUpa meM unhoMne apanI 28 patniyoM kI prApti kI kathAe~ sunA dIM, jinase 'vasudevahiNDI' grantha kA zarIra banA hai| jaisA kahA gayA, granthAnta meM 'upasaMhAra' nAma kA antima bhAga bhI thA, jo isa samaya prApya nahIM hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' grantha, vasudeva aura unake vaMza - vistAra kI dRSTi se bhale hI apUrNa ho, kintu isameM yathAnibaddha vasudeva kA hiNDana- vRttAnta, bIca ke unnIsaveM aura bIsaveM lambhoM kI anupasthiti ke bAvajUda, pUrNa pratIta hotA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke yathAprApya aMza se yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya saMghadAsagaNI mahAn aupanyAsika hone ke atirikta bahuta arthoM meM krAntikArI evaM kalAcetA kathAkAra the / saMghadAsagaNI bhArata ke sacce pratinidhi tathA samakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti se prabhAvita kalAkAra the| unhoMne apane deza kI tadyugIna janajIvana ko citrita kara sArvabhauma aura sarvajanIna citra upasthita kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne saMkIrNa rASTrIyatA kI bhAvanA para vijaya prApta kara samasta bhArata kI bRhattara mAnavatA kI udbhAvanA kI hai / kisI mahApuruSa ke caritra-citraNa ke lie itihAsa ke sUkSma adhyayana ke sAtha hI kavi kI zakti aura upanyAsakAra kI sthApatya - kuzalatA bhI Avazyaka hai| lekhaka aura usake caritanAyaka ke vyaktitva kI samAnatA to jIvanI lekhana ke lie anivArya hai / kahanA na hogA ki tapovihArI cAraNazramaNa koTi ke kathAkAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNI dvArA likhI gaI, hiNDanazIla mahApuruSa vasudeva kI jIvanI vasudeva kI AtmakathA hI ho gaI hai / AtmakathA likhanA sabake vaza kI bAta nahIM, parantu saMghadAsagaNI ko vasudeva kI jIvanI likhane yA varNya vyakti se abhinna hokara usake vyaktitva kA saMzleSaNa karane meM aisI saphalatA milI hai ki eka zalAkApuruSa kA antardarzana karAnevAlI isa saphala aura adbhuta jIvanI ne lokottara AtmakathA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai /

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adhyayana:2 'vasudevahiNDI' kI paurANika kathAe~ 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA 'bRhatkathA' kI hI paramparA kA Avartana hai / paramparAgata AkhyAna yA nijandharI hone ke kAraNa hI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA ko 'lokakathA' yA 'AkhyAna' kI saMjJA se paribhASita kiyA jaaygaa| yadyapi, vidvAnoM ne lokakathA kI spaSTa paribhASA upasthita karane kI apekSA adhikAMzataH usakI vizeSatAoM ko hI saMketita kiyA hai| 'hindI-sAhityakoza' (bhAga 1) ke anusAra, loka meM pracalita tathA paramparA se maukhika rUpa meM prApta kathA hI lokakathA hai| phaMka aura vAganalsa dvArA sampAdita 'sTaiNDarDa DikzanarI oNva phokalora' meM kahA gayA hai ki lokakathA kI sunizcita paribhASA dene kA koI prayAsa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyataH, isa zabda ke antargata samasta paramparAgata AkhyAnoM aura unake vibhedoM ko svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI kA kathana hai ki 'lokakathA' zabda moTe taura para loka pracalita una kathAnakoM ke lie vyavahRta hotA rahA hai, jo maukhika yA likhita paramparA se kramazaH eka pIr3hI se dUsarI pIr3hI ko prApta hotI hai| lokakathAoM ke sambandha meM eka mata yaha bhI hai ki ve mUlataH dharmagAthAe~ hI haiN| kAla ke prabhAva se lokakathAoM ne apane 'dharmagAthA' nAma kA parityAga kara diyaa| lokakathA zabda kA prayoga kabhI-kabhI a~garejI-zabda 'phokaTela' ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM bhI hotA hai| a~garejI meM yaha zabda bahuta vyApaka artha rakhatA hai aura isameM avadAna-lokakathA, dharmagAthA, pazu-pakSIkathA, nItikathAe~ Adi loka-pracalita vArtAe~ sammilita kI jA sakatI haiN| ___lokakathA, cU~ki paramparA-prApta hotI hai, isalie isameM maulikatA prAyaH nahIM hotii| isakI maulikatA kathAkAra kI kathana-paddhati meM nihita rahatI hai| yaha paramparA yA anuzruti vizuddha rUpa meM maukhika bhI ho sakatI hai| kabhI-kabhI mukhastha nijandharI yA lokakathA meM naye-naye kathAkAroM dvArA kucha parivartana evaM parivarddhana bhI kara diyA jAtA hai| 'bRhatkathA' kI paramparAgata kathA ko upanyasta karane ke krama meM vasudevahiNDIkAra ne yahI kiyA hai, sAtha hI use jainAcAra se sambaddha karake 'bRhatkathA' ke mUla saMskAra ko bhI sarvathA badala diyA hai| 'kathA' ke vibhinna paryAya: saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kAmakathA banAma dharmakathA, upAkhyAna, anuzruti evaM AkhyAyikA Adi ko saraghA-vRtti yA madhusaMcaya-vyApAra kA Azraya lete hue isa prakAra sammizrita rUpa se upasthita kiyA hai ki use alaga-alaga karake vicAranA sambhava nhiiN| bAta ThIka bhI hai ki ina kathAbhedoM kA paraspara itanA saghana sambandha hai ki inake bIca spaSTa vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcanA kaThina hai| isIlie, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yathopanyasta samAnadharmA lokakathAoM ko vibhinna saMjJAe~ dI haiN| mukhyakathA yA viziSTa puruSa kI kathA ko to unhoMne 'carita' kahA hai, jaise 'vasudevacarita', 'jambUsvAmI-carita', 'dhammillacarita', 'RSabhasvAmI-carita' Adi / kintu, upakathAoM, antaHkathAoM yA avAntarakathAoM Adi kI saMjJAoM kA koI viziSTa vargIkaraNa nahIM hai|

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 'kathotpatti' adhikAra ke antargata jo kathAe~ AI haiM, unheM ina paryAyoM meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai : kathAnaka (kahANaya), kathA (kahA), dRSTAnta (diTuMta), jJAta (NAya), udanta aura AkhyAnaka (akkhaanny)| 'NAya' kA artha 'udAharaNa' yA 'dRSTAnta' bhI hai / prasiddha jainAgama 'NAyAdhammakahAo' kA nAmakaraNa usakI dRSTAntabahulatA ke kAraNa hI huA, aisI sambhAvanA hai| NAyAdhammakahAo, arthAt dRSTAntabahula dharmakathAe~ / budhasvAmI ne 'NAya' yA dRSTAnta ke lie 'jJApaka' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai : 'jJApakaM cAsya pakSasya zrUyatAM yanmayA shrutm|' (sarga 21. zlo. 55) isa adhikAra ke Age 'dhammillacarita' meM kathA kA eka anya paryAya 'AharaNa' bhI milatA hai| 'zarIra' adhikAra meM sagara-kathA ko 'sagara-sambandha' kahA gayA hai / isalie, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'sambandha' zabda kA prayoga kathA ke eka paryAya ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai / pUrvokta 'kathotpatti' adhikAra meM bhI prasannacandra aura valkalacIrI kA sambandha (kathA) hai / pA~caveM 'somazrIlambha' meM bhI nArada, parvataka aura vasu kI kathA ko 'sambandha' zabda se saMjJita kiyA gayA hai| solahaveM 'bAlacandrAlambha' meM vidyudaMSTra vidyAdhara kI 'kathA' kI saMjJA 'sambandha' hI hai| isa prakAra, anyatra bhI saMghadAsagaNI ne 'kathA' ke paryAya ke rUpa meM 'sambandha' zabda kA bhUyazaH prayoga kiyA hai| sAtha hI, unake dvArA prayukta 'paricaya' aura 'udAharaNa' zabda bhI kathA ke hI samAnArthI haiM / isa prakAra, 'zarIra' adhikAra meM 'kathA' ke uparyukta sabhI paryAyavAcI zabda kathAkAra dvArA bAra-bAra prayukta hue haiN| 'kathAoM' ke atirikta 'AtmakathAe~' bhI isa kathAkRti meM haiN| yoM to 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita sampUrNa 'vasudevacarita' hI AtmakathA-zailI meM upanyasta hai / kintu, isa bRhat AtmakathA meM aneka laghu AtmakathAe~ bhI samAhita haiN| jaise : 'agaDadattamuNiNo appakahA', 'uppatrohiNANiNo muNiNo appakahA', 'cArudattassa appakahA', 'mihuNitthiyA''veiyA puvvabhaviyA attakahA', 'laliyaMgayadevakahiyA puvvabhaviyA attakahA', 'sirimainiveiyA niNNAmiyAbhavasaMbaddhA attakahA', 'cittavegAattakahA', 'vegavatIe appakahA' aura 'vimalAbhA-suppabhANaM ajjANaM attakahA' / isa prakAra, ye nau AtmakathAe~ bhI anyAnya upakathAoM kI bhA~ti mUla AtmakathA ke pallavana meM sahAyaka huI haiN| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prayukta kathA ke sabhI paryAyavAcI zabda prAyaH samAnArthI haiM / yadyapi, sUkSmatA se anuzIlana karane para inameM vizeSa antara parilakSita hotA hai / 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' se bhI kathA kI vibhinna saMjJAoM meM pArthakya kA saMketa milatA hai / 'mahArNava' ke anusAra, 'kathAnaka' yadi 'kathA' yA 'vArtA' hai, to 'dRSTAnta' udAharaNa-rUpa meM kahI gaI kathA hai| 'jJAta' (NAya) ko yadi udAharaNa yA dRSTAnta kahA gayA hai, to 'udanta' ko samAcAra yA vRttAnta / 'AkhyAnaka' yadi kahAnI yA vArtA hai, to 'sambandha' kathAprasaMga hai| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prayukta 'kathA' kI sabhI saMjJAe~ svarUpataH eka dUsare kA paryAya-sAmAnya hote hue bhI arthataH viziSTa haiN| sampUrNa 'vasudevahiNDI' mUlataH AkhyAnaka-grantha yA kathAgrantha yA upAkhyAna-grantha hI hai| vizvanAtha kavirAja ne kathA use mAnA hai, jisameM sarasa vastu ko gadya meM gumphita kiyA gayA ho; 'kathAyAM sarasaM vastu gadyaireva vinirmitam / (sAhityadarpaNa, 6.332) vizvanAtha ne AkhyAna Adi ko kathA aura AkhyAyikA meM hI antarbhukta ('AkhyAyikA kathAvatsyAt) mAnA hai, isalie unakI 1.kathAparyAya-viSayaka vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie pA~caveM adhyayana kA 'sAhityika saundarya ke tattva' zIrSaka prakaraNa drssttvy|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA alaga se paribhASA unhoMne nahIM dI hai : 'AkhyAnAdayazca kathAkhyAyikayorevAntarbhAvAnna pRthguktaaH|' (tatraiva) AcArya nalinajI ke zabdoM meM, vizada galpAtmaka gadyamaya AkhyAna hI 'upanyAsa' kI saMjJA prApta karatA hai aura jisakA anagar3ha pUrvarUpa atyanta prAcIna sAhitya meM mila jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' ko yadi prAcIna upanyAsa bhI kahA jAyagA, to atyukti nahIM hogii| phira bhI, itanA nizcita hai ki na kevala bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya, apitu vizvakathA-sAhitya meM pAMkteya 'vasudevahiNDI' hindI meM aupanyAsika zilpa kI saMracanA ke prArambhika rUpa kA pratinidhitva to avazya hI karatI hai| isalie, yaha prAcIna upanyAsa kA pahalA mahattvapUrNa udAharaNa hai| isameM prAkRta-bhASA ne nayA janma grahaNa kiyA hai| isameM na kevala jIvana aura jJAna ke eka navIna pravAha . kI bahulatA hai, apitu mAnava-svabhAva ke paripuSTa tathyoM se upalabdha ullAsa kA bhI prAcurya hai| saMghadAsagaNI bauddhika dRSTi se atizaya samRddha galpakAra the| isalie, aikAntika bauddhikatA aura jIvana kI viSamatA ke prati jAgarUka tatkAlIna galpakAroM meM unakI dvitIyatA nahIM hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM meM vastuvAditA aura adhyAtmacintana kA adbhuta samanvaya huA hai| isalie, saMghadAsagaNI eka ora kAmakathA yA yaunakathA ke dvArA vastuvAda kA prabala samarthana karate haiM, to dUsarI ora unake dvArA upanyasta dharmakathAoM meM sthUla vastuvAda ke prati unakA vidroha bhI spaSTa hai| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' dvArA kathA-jagat meM eka krAntikArI prayoga kiyA hai, jisakA bahuta sArA zreya guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' ko hai, jo bhAratIya galpa-sAhitya kI samRddhatama paramparA se jur3I huI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' kI racanA karake kathA aura AkhyAyikA kI prAkRta gadya-zailI ko apane carama utkarSa para le jAkara pratiSThita kara diyA, jisakA paravartI vaibhavazAlI vikAsa AcArya haribhadra kI 'samarAiccakahA' yA bANabhaTTa kI 'kAdambarI' yA 'harSacarita' yA phira vAdIbhasiMha sUri kI 'gadyacintAmaNi' kI saMskRta-gadyazailI meM dRSTigata hotA hai| _ 'vasudevahiNDI' vibhinna prakAra kI lokakathAoM kA vizAla bhANDAra hai| kintu, vasudeva kI mUlakathA to pratyakSa hI paurANika vIragAthA hai| isalie, ise aitihAsika lokakathA yA upAkhyAna kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| 'caimbarsa inasAiklopIDiyA' (khaNDa 6, pR. 588) ke anusAra, aitihAsika lokakathA athavA upAkhyAna nAma se eka ora aMzataH paurANika kathAoM kA bodha hotA hai, to dUsarI ora yaha zabda aitihAsika vIroM kI ora saMketa karatA hai, jinake zaurya se paripUrNa kAryoM se jana-jIvana yA loka-kalpanA sadA prabhAvita rahI hai| paurANika lokakathA kA sambandha yadyapi itihAsa se rahatA hai, tathApi vaha saccA itihAsa na hokara vikRta itihAsa hotA hai| purANakAra aitihAsika tathyoM ko apanI kAvyAtmaka kalpanA aura saundaryAtmaka abhiruci ke anusAra parivartita karane meM prAyaH svatantratA yA svacchandatA se kAma letA hai| yA phira, vaha mukhya aitihAsika kathA ke samarthana meM avAntara kathAoM, vizeSataH dharmakathAoM ko upasthita karatA hai, jisase mukhyakathA kI aitihAsikatA viDambita ho jAtI hai| uparyukta pariprekSya ko hI dhyAna meM rakhakara AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne kahA hai ki isa deza meM itihAsa ko ThIka Adhunika artha meM kabhI nahIM liyA gyaa| barAbara hI aitihAsika vyakti 1. dra. mAnadaNDa : AcArya na. vi. zarmA, pR. 128

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83 vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ ko paurANika yA kAlpanika kathAnAyaka banAne kI pravRtti rahI hai| kucha meM daivI zakti kA Aropa karake paurANika banA diyA gayA hai aura kucha meM kAlpanika romAMsa kA Aropa karake nijandharI kathAoM (lIjeNDa) kA Azraya banA diyA gayA hai|' 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rAma aura kRSNa kI kathA meM citrita rAma aura kRSNa daivI zakti se sampanna hote hue bhI unakA jIvana kAlpanika romAMsa se paripUrNa hai| phalataH, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA itihAsa na hokara gadyakAvya kI madhurimA se mohita kara lenevAlI mahAkathA bana gaI hai| DaoN. kRSNadeva upAdhyAya ke anusAra, 'lIjeNDa' yA nijandhariyA~ lokakathAoM ke vaha prakAra haiM, jinake kathAnaka meM (aitihAsika) tathya tathA ghaTanA-paramparA donoM kA samanvaya pAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra, 'inasAiklopIDiyA briTAnikA' meM 'lIjeNDa' ke bAre meM batAyA gayA hai ki aitihAsika lokakathA ko vikRta itihAsa kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM aitihAsika tathya kA mukhyAMza rahatA hai, jo dharmagAthAoM athavA tRtIya zreNI kI kathAoM se samarthita athavA vikRta hotA rahatA hai| 'di sTaiNDarDa DikzanarI oNva phokalora' (khaNDa 2, pR. 612) ne 'lIjeNDa' ko upAkhyAna kI saMjJA dI hai aura batAyA hai ki upAkhyAna kisI santa athavA balidAnI kI jIvanI kA viziSTa kathAMza mAnA jAtA thA, jise dhArmika anuSThAnoM yA prItipUrNa utsavoM ke sukhada kSaNoM meM par3hA jAtA thaa| aba isa zabda kA prayoga kisI prAcIna mahApuruSa, sthAna athavA ghaTanA se sambaddha kathA ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM kalpita evaM paramparAgata tattvoM kA saniveza rahatA hai| isalie, dharmagAthA tathA paurANika kathA yA upAkhyAna kI bhedaka rekhA aspaSTa hI hai| dharmagAthA meM pradhAna pAtra devI-devatA rahate haiM tathA isakA mukhya uddezya kisI dhArmika tattva kA spaSTIkaraNa mAnA gayA hai| upAkhyAna meM sacAI rahatI hai, jabaki dharmagAthA kI satyaniSThA devI-devatAoM yA RSi-maharSiyoM yA sAdhu-santoM ke prati zraddhAlu zrotA ke vizvAsoM para AdhRta rahatI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI paurANika kathAoM kA vivecana isI pariprekSya meM apekSita hai| (ka) kRSNakathA brAhmaNa evaM zramaNa donoM paramparAoM meM kRSNakathA ke citraNa ke prati samAna Agraha hai| brAhmaNa-paramparA kA sampUrNa vaiSNava-sAhitya rAma aura kRSNa kI kathA kA hI paryAya-pratIka bana gayA hai, jo saundaryazAstrIya adhyayana kI dRSTi se apanA pAryantika mahattva rakhatA hai| kintu zramaNa-paramparA ke rAma aura kRSNa lokasaMgrahI vyaktitva se uddIpta haiN| vaiSNavoM kI taraha zramaNoM kI kRSNabhaktiparamparA meM zrIkRSNa kI kevala premamayI mUrti ko AdhAra banAkara prematattva kI savistara vyaMjanA karane kI apekSA unake lokapakSa ko udbhAvita kiyA gayA hai| zramaNoM ke kRSNa premonmatta gopikAoM kI bhujAoM se valayita gokula ke zrIkRSNa nahIM haiM, apitu bar3e-bar3e bhUpAloM aura sAmantoM ke bIca rahakara lokamaryAdA aura vidhi-vyavasthA kI rakSA karanevAle duSTadalanakArI dvArakAvAsI kRSNa haiN| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ke zabdoM meM, 'lokasaMgraha kI bhAvanA se vimukha, apane raMga meM masta rahanevAlejIva, vaiSNava bhaktoM ne jisa kRSNa ke rUpa ko lekara kAvya-racanA kI hai, vaha hAsa-vilAsa ke 1. 'hindI-sAhitya kA AdikAla' (pUrvavata), vyAkhyAna 4, pR. 77 2. lokasAhitya kI bhUmikA', pR. 281 3. hindI-sAhitya kA itihAsa' (satrahavA~ punarmudraNa), nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, pR. 112

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA taraMgoM se paripUrNa ananta saundarya kA samudra hai|' kintu, isake viparIta, sAmAjika sthiti ke prati satata satarka rahanevAle zramaNa AcAryoM ne bhagavatprema kI puSTi ke lie kRSNa kI zRMgAramayI lokottara chaTA aura Atmotsarga kI abhivyaMjanA se janatA ko rasonmatta karane kI apekSA, laukika sthUla dRSTi se yukta viSayavAsanApUrNa jIvoM para par3anevAle unmAdakArI zRMgAra ke pratikUla prabhAvoM para barAbara dhyAna rakhA hai| zramaNa-paramparA ke kRSNa kI yauvanalIlA yA kAmalIlA mUlataH unake puruSArtha yA kalA-vaicakSaNya ko hI dyotita karatI hai, jisameM unake mAnava-jIvana kI anekarUpatA pratibimbita hai, jo eka acche prabandhakAvya ke lie Avazyaka tattva mAnI jAtI hai| deza kI antarvAhinI mUla bhAvadhArA ke svarUpa ke ThIka-ThIka paricaya ke lie zramaNa-paramparA ke kRSNacarita kA anuzIlana isalie Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanA nijI maulika vaiziSTya rakhatA hai| 'zrImadbhAgavatapurANa' ke anusAra, kRSNa svayaM bhagavAn hai : 'kRSNastu bhagavAn svym|' (1.3.28) zramaNa-paramparA meM bhI jainAcAryoM dvArA kRSNa-viSayaka dhArmika lokamAnyatAoM kI upekSA nahIM kI gaI hai, apitu unakA sammAna karate hue unheM vidhivat apanI paramparA meM yathAsthAna sammilita kiyA gayA hai aura unheM 'arddhabharatAdhipati' mAnA gayA hai| rAma aura lakSmaNa tathA kRSNa aura baladeva ke prati janatA kA pUjyabhAva rahA hai aura unheM avatArapuruSa mAnA gayA hai| jainoM ne bhI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha-sAtha kRSNa (navama vAsudeva) ko bhI tirasaTha zalAkApuruSoM (karmabhUmi kI sabhyatA ke Adiyuga meM apane dharmopadeza tathA cAritra dvArA sat-asat mArgoM ke pradarzaka mahApuruSoM) meM AdaraNIya sthAna dekara apane purANoM ['harivaMzapurANa', 'pANDavapurANa' (jaina mahAbhArata), mahApurANa', triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' Adi ] meM unake jIvana-caritra kA savistara varNana kiyA hai| zramaNa-paramparA ke kRSNa jainoM ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke kula se sambaddha hai / neminAtha mahAbhArata-kAla meM utpanna hue| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke anusAra, zauripura ke yAdavavaMzI rAjA andhakavRSNi ke jyeSTha putra hue samudravijaya, jo dasa dagArDoM meM prathama the / rAjA samudravijaya se neminAtha, dRr3hanemi prabhRti putra utpanna hue| vasudeva andhakavRSNi ke sabase choTe putra (dasa dazA) meM antima) the, jinase vAsudeva kRSNa utpanna hue| isa prakAra, neminAtha aura kRSNa Apasa meM cacere bhAI the| jaisI ki prasiddhi hai, jarAsandha ke AtaMka se trasta hokara yAdava zauripura chor3akara dvArakA meM jA base the / prasaMgavaza jJAtavya hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kRSNakathA ke AdhAra para hI devendrasUri (13vIM zatI) ne 1163 gAthAoM meM 'kRSNacaritra' grantha kI racanA kii| isameM vasudeva ke janma aura bhramaNa ke vRttAnta kI bhI AvRtti hai|' ____ 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'pIThikA', 'mukha' aura 'pratimukha' nAmaka tIna adhikAroM meM kRSNa aura unake pUrvajoM-vaMzajoM kI kathA parigumphita hai / 'vasudeva ne kisa prakAra paraloka meM phala prApta kiyA?' rAjA zreNika ke isa prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unase kahA ki Apa pahale pIThikA suneM; kyoMki yaha vasudeva ke bahuta bar3e (mahAn) itihAsa ke prAsAda kI pITha (AdhArabhUmi) hai| aura, isI krama meM lagAtAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'mukha' aura 'pratimukha' nAmaka nAtidIrgha adhikAroM dvArA kRSNakathA 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'bhA. saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna', pR. 142 2. "iyANi 'vasudeveNaM kahaM paraloge phalaM pattaM' ti pucchio raNNA bhagavaM parikahei / iyANiM peDhiyA, evamahAMto (mahato) itihAsapAsAissa peddhbhuuyaa|" (peDhiyA, pR.77)

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ se sambaddha pakSoM ko bhI udbhAvita kara diyaa| kathAkAra dvArA prastuta mahAvIra-prokta kRSNakathA kA sAra isa prakAra hai: usa samaya ke Anarta, kuzArtha (kuzAvarta), surASTra aura zukarASTra (zukrarASTra) ye cAroM janapada pazcima samudra se saMzrita the| ina janapadoM kI alaMkAra-svarUpa dvAravatI kI gaNanA sarvazreSTha nagarI ke rUpa meM hotI thii| isa nagarI ke bAhara, 'nandana' vana se parivRta 'raivata' nAma kA parvata thA, jo nandanavana se ghire meruparvata ke samAna pratIta hotA thaa| dvAravatI nagarI kA vaibhavapUrNa varNana karate hue saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai ki lavaNasamudra ke adhipati susthita nAmaka deva isa nagarI ke mArgadarzaka the| kubera kI buddhi se isa nagarI kA nirmANa huA thaa| cAradIvArI sone kI banI huI thii| yaha nagarI nau yojana kSetra kI caur3AI meM phailI huI thii| isakI lambAI bAraha yojana thii| vahA~ raloM kI varSA hotI thI, isalie koI daridra nahIM thaa| rala kI kAnti se vahA~ nirantara prakAza phailA rahatA thaa| cakrAkAra bhUmi meM avasthita vahA~ ke hajAroM-hajAra prAsAda deva-bhavana ke samAna suzobhita the| vahA~ ke nivAsI vinIta, atizaya jJAnI, madhurabhASI (yA madhura nAmoMvAle), dAnazIla, dayAlu, sundara vezabhUSAvAle aura zIlavAn the (pR. 77) / isa prakAra kI dvAravatI nagarI meM dasa dharma kI taraha dasa dazAha (yAdava) rahate the| unake nAma the : samudravijaya, akSobha, stimita, sAgara, himavAn, acala, dharaNa, pUraNa, abhicandra aura vasudeva / ina dazAhoM ke sammata rAjA ugrasena devoM ke bIca indra kI taraha virAjate the| prathama dazArha rAjA samudravijaya ke nemi, dRr3hanemi Adi putra the| zeSa dazA) ke putra uddhava Adi the / antima dazArha vasudeva ke akrUra, sAraNaka, zubhadAraka Adi putra the, jinameM rAma (balarAma) aura kRSNa pramukha the| rAma yA baladeva kI agramahiSI revatI thI, jo baladeva ke mAmA raivata kI. putrI thii| kRSNa kI agramahiSI satyabhAmA thI, jo ugrasena kI, putrI thii| satyabhAmA ke atirikta, balazAlI kRSNa ne dvIpa-dvIpAntaroM se aura bhI aneka paliyA~ prApta kii| riSTapura (ariSTapura) ke rAjA rudhira kI eka putrI rohiNI se kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ne bhI vivAha kiyA thA (dra. sattAIsavA~ rohinniilmbh)| puna: sindhudeza ke vItibhaya nagara ke rAjA meru ne svecchA se apanI putrI gaurI kRSNa ko arpita kii| vRddha kulakaroM ( dazArho) se anumata vasudeva ne kRSNa ke sAtha gaurI kA pANigrahaNa karA diyA aura usake rahane ke lie ratnanirmita bhavana pradAna kiyaa| gandhAra-janapada kI puSkalAvatI nagarI ke rAjA nagnajit ke putra kA nAma viSvaksena aura putrI kA nAma gandhArI thaa| viSvaksena kI anumati se balarAma-sahita kRSNa puSkalAvatI gaye aura gandhArI ko sAtha lekara dvAravatI lauTa aaye| yAdavoM ne gandhArI kA bhI bahuta svAgata kiyA aura use AvAsa ke nimitta deva-vimAna ke samAna bhavana diyA gyaa| siMhaladvIpa ke rAjA hiraNyaloma kI rAnI sukumArI se do santAneM huI thIM : putrI lakSaNA aura putra yuvarAja drumasena (dhumatsena) / dUta se kRSNa ko sUcanA milI ki divya sundarI lakSaNA unake 1. uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya / 2. tulanIya : 'uttarAdhyayana', adhyayana 22 /

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86 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti ko bRhatkathA yogya hai| samprati, vaha apane bhAI drumasena ke saMrakSaNa meM dakSiNa meM samudrataTa para samudrasnAna aura devArcana ke vyAja se dina bitA rahI hai| sUcanAnusAra, rAma aura kRSNa samudrataTa para gaye aura drumasena kA vadha karake lakSaNA ko sAtha lekara apanI nagarI meM lauTa aaye| rAjA hiraNyaloma ne, bAda meM, kRSNa ke pAsa vipula dhana bhijavAyA aura vinamra nivedana kiyA ki usakA pUrvacintita manoratha pUrA ho gyaa| arAkSarI nagarI ke rAjA rASTravarddhana kI rAnI vinayavatI thii| unakI do santAneM thIM : putra yuvarAja namuci aura putrI susImA / eka dina susImA surASTra deza ke prabhAsatIrtha meM namuci ke sAtha snAna karane ko gaI, to usakI sUcanA guptacaroM ne kRSNa ko dii| kRSNa balarAma-sahita vahA~ gaye aura namuci kA vadha karake dUsarI lakSmI jaisI susImA ko sAtha lekara yAdavapurI lauTa aayeN| kulakaroM ne susImA kA bhI satkAra kiyA aura rahane ke lie bhavya bhavana pradAna kiyaa| gagananandana nagara ke vidyAdhararAja jAmbavAn kI rAnI zrImatI se utpanna do santAnoM meM putra kA nAma thA yuvarAja duSpasaha aura putrI kA nAma jAmbavatI thaa| AkAzacArI jaina muni ne ghoSaNA kI thI ki jAmbavatI arddhabharatAdhipati kI bhAryA hogii| vidyAdharanareza jAmbavAn ne tadanukUla pati kI khoja meM gaMgAtaTavartI nagara ke bAharI pradeza meM par3Ava DAlA / kumArI jAmbavatI bhI gaMgAsnAna karane vahA~ apane parivAra ke sAtha barAbara AtI thI, jisakI sUcanA eka vidyAdhara ne kRSNa ko dii| kRSNa anAdhRSTi (eka antakRt = usI janma meM mokSa pAnevAle muni) ke sAtha vahA~ pahu~ce / gaMgA ke bAlukA-taTa para krIr3A karatI huI jAmbavatI kRSNa ke rUpa ko dekhakara mUrchita ho gii| tabhI kRSNa ne usakA apaharaNa kara liyaa| rAjA jAmbavAn ko sUcanA milane para vaha ruSTa ho uThA aura svayaM 3. anAdhRSTi se yuddha karane ko taiyAra ho gyaa| anAdhRSTi ne rAjA ko samajhAyA : "tuma kRSNa ke prabhAva ko nahIM jAnate / tumheM to svayaM apanI putrI ko le jAkara unheM arpita karanA caahie| yadi unhoMne svayaM haraNa kara liyA, to isase bar3hakara aura uttama bAta kyA ho sakatI hai?" rAjA ne kRSNa se kahA : "merA abhiprAya to kevala AkAzacArI muni ke Adeza ko pramANita karanA thaa| aba maiM tapovana jAtA huuN| Apa duSasaha kA anupAlana kreNge| mere ajJatAjanita atikramaNa ko kSamA kreN|" kRSNa jAmbavatI ko lekara dvAravatI lauTa aaye| yAdavo ne sapatnIka kRSNa kA svAgata kiyaa| kumAra duSpasaha jAmbavatI ke lie vipula dhana aura paricArikAe~ lekara AyA aura rAma (baladeva) tathA kRSNa ko apanI praNati nivedita kii| unhoMne duSSasaha kA bandhu-vyavahAra se satkAra kiyaa| usake bAda vaha apane nagara gagananandana lauTa gyaa| AvAsa ke nimitta pradatta bhavya bhavana meM jAmbavatI kRSNa ke sAtha vihAra karane lgii| vaiSNavapurANoM meM prApta kRSNa dvArA rukmiNI-haraNa kI kathA bahuvidita hai| kintu, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita rukmiNI-haraNa kI kathA meM puruSArthapriya kRSNa kI yuddhavIratA kA eka nayA svarUpa ubharakara sAmane AyA hai| kathopakathana ke mAdhyama se kathAsandarbha yA viSayavastu kI sUcanA dene meM nipuNa saMghadAsagaNI ne atizaya lokapriya rukmiNIharaNa-viSayaka kRSNakathA ko jainAmnAya ke sA~ce meM DhAlakara punarnavIkRta kiyA hai| jainadRSTi kI lokavAdI paramparA meM rukmiNI-haraNa kI kathA kA saMracanA-zilpa kRSNakathA kI pracalita viSayavastu ke sandarbha meM, purANetihAsa ke adhItiyoM ke lie cintana kA abhinava AyAma prastuta

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ vidarbha- janapada ke kuNDinapura nagara ke rAjA bhISmaka kI rAnI vidyudvatI se utpanna do santAneM thIM- putra rukmI aura putrI rukmiNI / kRSNa ke nikaTa nArada ne rukmiNI ke rUpa- guNa kI advitIyatA kI carcA kI aura phira rukmiNI se bhI kRSNa ke guNa kA bakhAna kiyA / 87 isI bIca damaghoSa ke putra zizupAla ke sAtha rukmiNI vivAha kI bAta sthira huI / isa samAcAra ko sunakara rukmiNI kI phuA ne usase ekAnta meM kahA: "rukmiNI beTI ! tumheM smaraNa haina, bacapana meM atimuktaka ( usI janma meM mokSa pAnevAlA) AkAzacArI kumAra zramaNa ne kahA thA ki 'tuma vAsudeva kRSNa kI agramahiSI bnogii|" "smaraNa hai", rukmiNI ne kahA / phuA ne Azvasta karate hue rukmiNI se kahA: "muni kA vacana anyathA nahIM ho sakatA / baladeva aura vAsudeva anta meM avazya sunate haiM / ve itane prabhAvazAlI haiM ki samudra ne unheM rAstA diyA thA, kubera ne unake lie dvAravatI nagarI kA nirmANa kiyA thA aura ratna kI varSA bhI kI thii| vAsudeva kRSNa zizupAla aura jarAsandha kA vadha kareMge, aisI lokazruti hai / tumheM cedipati zizupAla ke lie de diyA gayA hai, isalie zizupAla kA bhI vadha karake kRSNa tumhArA pANigrahaNa kareMge / tuma apane ko nindanIya yA dayanIya mata smjho| kaho to, kRSNa ke pAsa tumhArA sandeza bhijavAU~ / " "pitA ke bAda tumhArA hI to mujhapara adhikAra hai| mere kalyANa ke lie tumhIM pramANa ho / " rukmiNI ne kahA / isake bAda rukmiNI kI phuA ne eka puruSa (lekhavAhaka) ke dvArA kRSNa ke pAsa pracchanna lekha bhejA, jisameM vivAha kI nizcita tithi kI sUcanA thI aura zizupAla ko dhokhA dene kA gupta saMketa bhI aMkita thA / lekhavAhaka ne kRSNa se yaha bhI saMketa kara diyA ki varadA nadI-taTavarttI nAgamandira meM pUjA ke vyAja se rukmiNI pahu~cegI, vahIM vaha usase mileM / lekhavAhaka kuNDinapura lauTa AyA aura usane rukmiNI evaM usakI phuA kRSNa ke nizcita Agamana kI bAta kahI aura unake varNa, cihna Adi bhI batalA diye / vivAha ke nimitta zizupAla bhI varadA nadI ke pUrvI taTa para sasammAna Akara tthhraa| rukmiNI sajadhaja kara bhadraka nAmaka antaHpura-rakSaka ke sAtha nAgamandira meM pahu~cI / pUjA ke bahAne vaha bAra-bAra mandira se bAhara A tI thii| kucha kSaNa bAda dUta ke nirdezAnusAra rukmiNI ne U~cAI meM laharAtI tAla aura garur3a se aMkita baladeva tathA kRSNa kI dhvajA dekhI / rukmiNI kI phuA ne kahA: "devatA prasanna haiM / Ao, dhIre-dhIre mandira kI pradakSiNA kro| " vAsudeva kRSNa ne rukmiNI ko dekhakara sArathi se jaldI-jaldI ratha hA~kane ko khaa| sArathi nAgamandira ke pAsa ratha le AyA / aura, kRSNa ne apanA paricaya dete hue rukmiNI ko uThAkara apane ratha para baiThA liyaa| bhadraka ne kRSNa ko lalakArA auraM dhanuSa tAna diyA / kRSNa ne usase kahA : "jAna mata do| rukmI ko jAkara samAcAra do ki rAma aura kRSNa ne rukmiNI kA haraNa kara liyA / " idhara bhaya se cillAtA huA bhadraka rukmI pAsa pahu~cA aura udhara donoM bhAI parijana sameta dUra nikala gaye / rukmI ne pratijJA kI ki bahana ko vinA mukta karAye nagara nahIM lauTUMgA / aura phira, bahuta bar3I senA ke sAtha vaha ratha para savAra hokara cala par3A / rukmiNI ko udAsa dekhakara kRSNa ne pUchA: "kyoM devI ! mere sAtha jAnA tumheM pasanda nahIM ?" rukmiNI bolI : "merA bhAI dhanurveda kA jJAtA hai, senA ke sAtha AyA hai / Apa to do hI AdamI haiM /

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vasadevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA isalie, ApakI pIr3A kI AzaMkA se udAsa huuN|" kRSNa ne kahA : "devI ! strI ke samIpa AtmazlAghA ThIka nhiiN| phira bhI merI zakti dekho|" yaha kahakara kRSNa ne nikaTavartI vizAla vRkSoM kI paMkti ko eka bANa meM cheda diyaa| chiTapuTa rUpa meM bhI jitane per3a rukmiNI ne dekhe the, unheM bhI unhoMne cIra diyA aura aMgUThI ke hIre ko a~gUThe ke dabAva se cUra-cUra kara diyaa| rukmI kI senA jaba A pahu~cI, taba kRSNa ne baladeva se kahA : "bhaiyA ! Apa bahU ko lekara ghara jAyeM / maiM inheM (zatruoM ko) rokatA huuN|" baladeva ne kahA : "kRSNa ! tumhIM bahU-sahita vizvasta hokara jaao| maiM inheM kAkabali banAtA huuN|" taba bhaya khAtI rukmiNI ne kRSNa se kahA : "deva ! 'bhAI ko maravAkara calI gaI', isa prakAra merI nindA na ho, isalie vaisI hI kRpA kiijie| Apa donoM to indra ko bhI jIta sakate haiN|" taba kRSNa ne baladeva se kahA : "bhaiyA ! ApakI bahU apane bhAI ke lie abhaya mA~gatI hai, isalie Apa kRpA kareM / " baladeva ne 'tathAstu' khaa| __ rukmI kI senA ne baladeva para AkramaNa kara diyaa| baladeva ne devaprApta zaMkha bjaayaa| zaMkha ke niSThara garjana se zatrusenA ke hAthoM se hathiyAra gira pdd'e| isake bAda rukmI ne baladeva ke ratha para zara kI varSA kara dii| lekina, baladeva ne apane bANoM se rukmI ke sAre bANa viphala kara diye, ghor3oM aura sArathI ko bhI bedha diyA / ratha ko vinaSTa kara usake dhanuSa ko bhI chinna-bhinna kara diyA aura dAyeM aMgaThe ko bhI cheda diyaa| taba, senA ke samajhadAroM ne rukmI ko rokate hue kahA : "svAmI ! yaha balarAma samartha hote hue bhI ApakA vinAza nahIM kareMge, isalie yuddha karanA hI vyartha hai|" ___ yuddha se virata rukmI vijayI hue vinA nagara na lauTane kI apanI pratijJA kI pUrti ke nimitta kuNDinapura na jAkara eka svatantra 'bhojakaTa' nagara basAkara rahane lgaa| yuddhavirAma se dUsare loga bhI prasanna hue aura anudvigna bhAva se lauTa cle| rukmiNI ko bhI sUcanA de dI gaI ki usakA bhAI akSatazarIra apane janapada ko lauTa gyaa| dvAravatI kI ora unmukha rukmiNI nagara, parvata aura deza dekhatI huI dvAravatI nagarI ke bahi:pradeza meM phuNcii| vahA~ ramaNIya upavana ko dekha kRSNa, baladeva kI AjJA se Thahara gye| baladeva ne sArathI siddhArtha ko AjJA dI : "nagaravAsiyoM se jAkara kaho ki ve vivAha ke utsava kI taiyArI kreN|" sArathI calA gyaa| idhara yakSoM ne vara-vadhU kA vaivAhika satkAra kiyaa| nAgaraka loga vahA~ pahu~ce, to cakita raha gye| vaha sthala devanagara jaisA ho gyaa| rAta bItI / prAta: vara-vadhU dvAravatI pahu~ce / rukmiNI ko rAjabhavana ke uttara-pazcima kA khaNDa AvAsa ke lie diyA gyaa| isa prakAra, kRSNa ne apane zaurya-vIrya ke pratApa se satyabhAmA ke atirikta padmAvatI, gandhArI, lakSaNA, susImA, jAmbavatI aura rukmiNI ye chaha paliyA~ upalabdha kI, jinameM mAnavI aura vidyAdharI donoM prakAra kI sundariyA~ haiN| zramaNa-paramparA ke kRSNa bhAgadhata-sampradAya kI taraha rAsalIlA-magna 'sahastra gopI eka nArAyaNa' nahIM. apita bahapatnIka vIra kSatriya-yavarAja haiN| balarAma aura kRSNa kI jor3I to bhAgavata meM bhI hai, kintu 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita yaha jor3I tato'dhika vilakSaNa hai| pArijAtaharaNa ke prasaMga meM rukmiNI aura satyabhAmA kA sapalItva vaiSNava-sampradAya ke kaviyoM ne bhI citrita kiyA hai| kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne isa prakaraNa ko jisa DhaMga se upanyasta

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 89 kiyA hai, vaha apane-ApameM atizaya adbhuta aura advitIya hai, yahA~taka ki jaina sAhitya kI kRSNakathAoM meM bhI isa kathAprasaMga kA jor3a nahIM hai / vasudeva kI patnI rohiNI aura devakI ne vastra, AbharaNa aura paricArikAe~ pradAna kara rukmiNI kA satkAra kiyA / kintu, devI satyabhAmA aura unake parijanoM ke lie rukmiNI ke AvAsa meM praveza varjita kara diyA gayA thA / satyabhAmA ne kRSNa se kahA ki Apa jo kumArI le Aye haiM, use dikhalAie / pahale to kRSNa ne TAlane kI koziza kI, lekina jaba satyabhAmA ne bahuta Agraha kiyA, taba kRSNa ne kahA : "raivata parvata ke nikaTa nandanavana meM use ( rukmiNI ko) dekhanA / " kRSNa ne mUrttikArako AjJA dI ki vaha nandanodyAna ke zrIgRha meM sthita zrI kI pratimA jalda haTA de aura usa pratimA kI pIThikA ko sajAye / mUrttikAra ne AjJA kA pAlana kiyA / kRSNa ne udyAna - yAtrA ke lie apanI deviyoM ko AjJA dI aura svayaM vaha bhI prAta:kAla rukmiNI ke sAtha sArathI dAruka dvArA cAlita ratha para savAra hokara nandanavana meM gaye aura zrIgRha meM rukmiNI ko ThaharAte hue usase kahA: "jaba deviyoM ke Ane kA samaya ho jAya, taba tuma zrIpITha para mUrttivat nizcala bhAva se khar3I ho jaanaa|" yaha kahakara kRSNa vahA~ se nikale aura ratha ke samIpa Akara khar3e ho gaye / sabhI deviyA~ vahA~ AIM / satyabhAmA ne jaba kumArI (rukmaNI) ke bAre meM pUchA, taba kRSNa ne usase zrIgRha meM jAkara usa kumArI ko dekhane ko khaa| deviyA~ vahA~ gaIM aura 'oha ! zilpI ne to sAkSAt bhagavatI kI mUrti banAI hai' kahakara unhoMne use ( rukmiNI ko) praNAma kiyA / satyabhAmA ne usa pratimA se prArthanA kI : "yadi Agantuka kumArI hI - zrI se parivarjita hogI, to maiM tumhArI pUjA kruuNgii|" yaha kahakara vaha bAhara nikalI aura usa kumArI ko cAroM ora khojane lgii| dAsiyoM ne usase kahA : "svAminI ! vaha kisI jaMgala ke rAjA kI lar3akI hogii| Apake sAmane khar3I hone kI zakti bhI usameM nahIM hai| kisI jhAr3I meM chipI khar3I hogI / " kRSNa satyabhAmA kRSNa ke pAsa jAkara bolI : " ApakI priyA to nahIM dikhAI par3a rahI hai / " ne kahA: " avazya vaha vahIM zrIgRha meM hogI, jAo, dekho|" isake bAda svayaM kRSNa devI satyabhAmA ke sAtha zrIgRha gaye / kRSNa ko dekhate hI rukmiNI mUrtipITha se utara khar3I huI aura kRSNa ke saMketAnusAra usane satyabhAmA ko praNAma kiyA / satyabhAmA ne rukmiNI se kahA ki "tumheM maiMne pahale hI praNAma kiyA hai|" kRSNa ne banate hue kahA : " kaise ?" satyabhAmA ne kahA : "yadi maiMne bahana ko praNAma kiyA, to isameM Apa kyoM bolate haiM ?" isa prakAra, kaluSita bhAva kI sthiti meM bhI satyabhAmA ne rukmiNI ko vastra aura AbhUSaNoM se sammAnita kiyA / satyabhAmA aura rukmiNI donoM garbhavatI huiiN| eka dina udyAna meM donoM ne AkAzacArI zramaNa ko dhyAna meM lIna dekhA / rukmiNI ne unakI vandanA karate hue pUchA : " bhagavan ! batAie mere peTa se putra utpanna hogA yA putrI ?" usake bAda saMtyabhAmA ne bhI pUchA / dhyAnabAdhA ke bhaya se 'putra utpanna hogA' kahate hue vaha antarhita ho gaye / I aba rukmiNI aura satyabhAmA Apasa meM jhagar3ane lagIM ki muni ne mujhe hI putra utpanna hone kA Adeza kiyA hai / rukmiNI bolI ki "pahale maiMne pUchA hai / " satyabhAmA ne prativAda kiyA : " tumane pahale pUchA sahI, lekina muni ne kucha kahA to nhiiN| mere pUchane para hI kahA hai, isalie

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA pahale mujhe hI putra hogA, tumheM nhiiN|" jhagar3ane ke krama meM hI satyabhAmA ne zarta rakhI : "jisako pahale putra hogA, usake putra ke vivAha meM dUsarI ko apane kezoM se kuzakaNDikA kI vidhi pUrI karanI hogii|" rukmiNI pracchannagarbhA thI, isalie satyabhAmA use pIr3A denA cAhatI thii| anta meM, donoM ne zarta ko svIkAra kara liyaa| ___isake bAda donoM kRSNa ke pAsa pahu~cI aura unhoMne zramaNa ke Adeza aura zarta kI bAta khii| kRSNa ne kahA : "tuma donoM ko putra hoNge| jhagar3anA vyartha hai|" usake bAda ve donoM calI giiN| vaiSNava-paramparA meM bhagavAna kRSNa ko duryodhana ke vipakSI pANDavoM ke pakSadhara ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai, kintu zramaNAcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne kRSNa aura duryodhana meM paraspara maitrIbhAva rahane kI carcA kI hai| rukmiNI aura satyabhAmA ke cale jAne ke bAda uttarApatha ke rAjA duryodhana kRSNa kI sevA meM upasthita hue| kRSNa ne sabhAsthala meM padhAre sabhI rAjAoM ko deviyoM ke vivAda ke bAre meM btaayaa| duryodhana ne kahA : "jise pahale putra hogA, samajhie, usake putra ke lie maiMne apanI putrI de dii|" isa prakAra, hAsa-parihAsa kA Ananda lene ke bAda yadunAtha kRSNa nandanavana se parivAra sahita dvAravatI lauTa gye| samaya pUrA hone para, rukmiNI ne, rAtri meM, putra pradyumna ko janma diyaa| jAtakarma saMskAra ke bAda zizu ko 'vAsudeva' nAma se aMkita mudrA bA~dha dI gii| paricArikAoM ne kRSNa ko kumArajanma kI sUcanA dii| kRSNa ratnadIpikA se Alokita mArga ko pArakara rukmiNI-bhavana meM Aye / kintu, kRSNa kI dRSTi par3ate hI kumAra ko kisI deva ne curA liyaa| rukmiNI pahale to kRSNa ko dekhakara mUrchita ho gaI, phira prakRtistha hone para putrazoka meM vilApa karane lgii| kRSNa ne sAntvanA dI : "devI ! viSAda mata kro| tumhAre putra ko khojatA huuN| jisane mere dekhate hI, merA anAdara karake bAlaka ko curA liyA, usa duSTa ko maiM zikSA duuNgaa|" yaha kahakara vaha (kRSNa) apane bhavana meM cale gye| kRSNa apane kulakaroM (vRddhoM) ke sAtha soca-vicAra kara rahe the ki usI samaya nArada vahA~ aaye| kRSNa ne nArada kA svAgata kiyaa| nArada ne kRSNa ko cintita dekhA, to vaha apanI sahaja parihAsapUrNa vacobhaMgI meM bole : "kRSNa ! ApakI to yahI cintA hogI ki kisa rAjA kI putrI rUpavatI hai; athavA kauna jarAsandha ke pakSa kA hai ?" kRSNa ne prativAda kiyA : "aisI bAta nahIM hai| rukmiNI ke sadyojAta putra ko kisI ne curA liyA hai, usI kI khoja meM cintita huuN|" nArada ne ha~sate hue kahA : "acchA saMyoga hai| satyabhAmA AsannaprasavA hai| cAraNazramaNa ke AdezAnusAra nizcaya hI use bhI putra hogaa| rukmiNI keza mur3avAne se baca gii|" kRSNa ne kahA : "nAradajI ! parihAsa vyartha hai / jAie, devI rukmiNI ko dhIraja bNdhaaie|" nArada ha~sate hue rukmiNI ke pAsa gye| usane nArada se putra-samAcAra le Ane kA Agraha kiyaa| nArada karuNArdra hokara bole : "rukmiNI ! zoka mata kro| merA nizcaya hai, jabataka tumhAre putra kI khoja na kara lU~gA, tumheM delUMgA nhiiN|" isake bAda vaha AkAza meM ur3a gye| dUsare hI kSaNa nAradajI sImandharasvAmI ke pAsa the| unhoMne unakI vandanA karake rukmiNI ke putra curAnevAle ke bAre meM puuchaa| sImandharasvAmI ne vistArapUrvaka nArada se rukmiNI ke putra

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ pradyumna aura jAmbavatI ke putra zAmba ke pUrvabhava kI adbhuta aura rocaka kathA sunAI aura batAyA ki samprati zizu pradyumna vaitADhya parvata kI dakSiNa zreNI ke pazcima digbhAga meM sthita meghakUTa nagara vidyAdhara- dampati kAlasaMvara aura kanakamAlA ke Azrama meM pala rahA hai| sAtha hI, yaha bhI nirdeza kiyA ki dhUmaketu deva pUrvajanma ke vaira kA smaraNa karake hI apane pratidvandvI madhu (rukmiNI kI kokha se utpanna kRSNaputra pradyumna) ko utpanna hote hI curA liyA aura bhUtaramaNa aTavI kI zilA para sUkhane ke lie chor3a diyA, jise vidyAdhara- mithuna (yathokta) apane ghara le gaye / 91 sImandharasvAmI se kRSNaputra ke pUrvabhava kI kathA sunakara nArada kA saMzaya miTa gayA / vaha rukmiNI ke samIpa lauTa Aye aura unhoMne usase kahA ki "sImandharasvAmI ke nirdezAnusAra, tumhArA putra jIvita hai aura vidyAdhara ke ghara meM saMvarddhita ho rahA hai / yathAsamaya putra se hogA / " yaha kahakara nAradajI AkAzamArga se cale gaye / tumhArA milana rukmiNI ke bAda satyabhAmA ne jisa putra kA prasava kiyA, usakA nAma bhAnu rakhA gayA / bhAnu jaba yuvA ho gayA, taba apane vacana ke anusAra rAjA duryodhana ne apanI putrI ke sAtha usake vivAha kA Ayojana kiyA / zizu avasthA meM hI putra ke apaharaNa ke kAraNavaza rukmiNI apane ko putravatI pramANita nahIM kara pA rahI thI, isalie satyabhAmA ne hI apane ko pahale putravatI hone kA adhikAra prastuta kiyA thaa| phalataH duryodhana usI ke putra bhAnu ke sAtha apanI putrI kA vivAha racA rahA thaa| aisI sthiti meM rukmiNI ne vyAkula hokara nArada se zIghra hI putra pradyumna ko lAkara dikhalAne kA Agraha kiyA / nArada AkAzamArga se ur3akara vidyAdharaloka sthita meghakUTa pahu~ce / vahA~ unhoMne pradyumna se batAyA ki jaba tuma garbha meM the, taba tumhArI mAtA rukmiNI ke sAtha sapatnItva ke kAraNa satyabhAmA ne zarta rakhI ki jo pahale putra paidA karegI, usake putra ke vivAha meM dUsare ko keza mur3avAnA par3egA / janma lete hI tumhArA apaharaNa kara liyA gayA, isa bAta para satyabhAmA vizvAsa nahIM krtii| vaha samajhatI hai ki rukmiNI ko putra paidA hI nahIM huaa| isalie, tumheM Aja hI calakara apanI mA~ kI pratiSThA rakhanI cAhie / isake bAda nArada ne divya sAmarthya se vimAna utpanna kiyA aura usI vimAna para car3hakara donoM vahA~ se cupake cala pdd'e| vimAna yAtrA ke krama meM nArada ne pradyumna ko sampUrNa bhArata ke nagara, bhavana, Azrama, janapada Adi kA paridarzana kraayaa| rAste meM, khadirATavI meM, sainya zivira dekhakara pradyumna ne jijJAsA kI / nArada ne batAyA ki satyabhAmA ke putra bhAnu ke vivAha meM tumhArI mA~ kA keza mur3avAyA jAyagA, usI ke lie yaha zivira Ayojita hai / taba kruddha hokara pradyumna ne kahA : "dekhie, maiM inakI pUjA karatA hU~ / " tadanantara, pradyumna ne, jise vidyAdharaloka meM rahate samaya apanI pAlikA mAtA kanakamAlA vidyAdharI se prajJapti vidyA prApta huI thI, apane vidyAbala se ukta vivAha - zivira meM aneka prakAra kI bhayAvaha aura lomaharSaka vikRtiyA~ utpanna kIM / vivAhotsava dhvasta ho gyaa| isI krama meM pradyumna ne bhAnu ko bhI aneka prakAra se taMga - tabAha kiyA / yahA~taka ki kRSNa bhI pradyumna kI capeTa meM A gaye /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA prajJaptividyA-sampanna pradyumna dvAravatI pahu~cA aura eka bher3a ke sAtha kRSNa ke ghara meM praveza kiyaa| usake praNAma karane ke bAda kRSNa ne pUchA : "bAlaka ! kisalie Aye ho?""Apa bher3a kA lakSaNa jAnate haiN| yadi sulakSaNa bher3a hai, to ise svIkAra kiijie|" pradyumna ne kahA / sattvaparIkSA ke khayAla se kRSNa ne aMgulI ke saMketa se bher3a ko apanI ora bulaayaa| pradyumna ke iMgita para bher3a ne kRSNa ke pAsa jAkara unheM apane Asana se nIce girA diyA aura unake jAnupradeza meM pIr3A phuNcaaii| usake bAda pradyumna bolA : "mahArAja ! aura kucha jAnanA cAhate haiM, to khie|" aura phira ha~satA huA ghara ke bhItara calA gyaa| __ isI prakAra, pradyumna ne brAhmaNa-bAlaka kA chadmarUpa dharakara satyabhAmA ko bhI parezAna kiyaa| phira, choTA sAdhu kA rUpa dharakara rukmiNI ko bhI taMga kiyaa| brAhmaNa-bAlaka ke rUpa meM pradyumna jaba satyabhAmA ke ghara ke dvAra para upasthita huA, taba vahA~ mAlAkAra ne use phUla kA mukuTa pahanAyA aura kubjA ne aMgarAga kA lepana kiyaa| dAiyoM ne satyabhAmA se nivedana kiyA : "koI tejasvI rUpavAn brAhmaNa-bAlaka bhojana mA~ga rahA hai|" satyabhAmA ne dAsiyoM ko Adeza diyA, "bharapUra bhojana kraao|" brAhmaNa-bAlaka Asana para baitthaa| sone ke pAtra meM bhojana parosA gyaa| bhojana parosate hI vaha use caTa kara jAtA aura satyabhAmA se zikAyata bhI karatA ki dAsiyA~ svayaM khA jAtI haiM, mujhe nahIM detiiN| satyabhAmA ne puna: Adeza diyA : "jitanA cAhatA hai, utanA do|" dAsiyA~ kahane lagI : "svAminI ! brAhmaNa-rUpa meM yaha vaDavAnala isa pUre ghara ko nigala jAyagA !" isI bIca satyabhAmA ne sunA ki pulindoM ne vivAhotsava ko dhvasta kara diyaa| udhara pradyumna ne kahA : "yadi mujhe bharapUra bhojana nahIM milegA, to maiM rukmiNI ke ghara calA jaauuNgaa|" satyabhAmA jhuMjhalA uThI : "maiM dUsare kAma meM lagI hU~, tuma cAhe rUpA ke ghara jAo yA sonA ke ghr|" brAhmaNa bAlaka-rUpadhArI pradyumna Acamana karake vahA~ se nikalakara calA gayA aura choTA sAdhu kA rUpa dharakara rukmiNI ke pAsa pahu~cA / rukmiNI ne usakI vandanA kI aura Amantrita bhI kiyaa| kSudrakarUpadhArI pradyumna ne kahA : "maiMne bahuta bar3A upavAsa kiyA hai| socatA hU~, maiMne mA~ kA dUdha pahale nahIM piyA hai| isalie, pAraNa ke nimitta mujhe jaldI khIra do|" rukmiNI ne chadmarUpadhArI pradyumna se kSaNa bhara rukane ko khaa| isI bIca vaha kRSNa ke siMhAsana para jAkara baiTha gyaa| rukmiNI ne kahA : "yaha devatA ke dvArA svIkRta Asana hai| tumhArA koI aniSTa na ho, isalie dUsare Asana para baittho|" pradyumna bolA : "mujha jaise tapasvI para devatA kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa|" isake bAda rukmiNI ne dAsiyoM se jaldI khIra taiyAra karane ko khaa| pradyumna ne prajJapti-bala se agni stambhita kara dii| khIra pakatI hI nahIM thii| isI bIca satyabhAmA ne nAI bhejakara rukmiNI se kahalavAyA ki keza mur3avAkara bhejo| laghutApasarUpadhArI pradyumna ne nAI se kahA : "muNDana karanA jAnate ho?" nAI ke 'hA~' kahane para pradyumna ne phira pUchA : "badaramuNDana jAnate ho?" nAI ke 'nahIM' kahane para pradyumna ne usase kahA : "Ao, tumheM badaramuNDana batAtA huuN|" usake bAda pradyumna ne nAI ke, camar3A-sahita sira ke bAla ko chIlakara usake hAtha meM rakha diyA aura kahA : "isI ko 'badaramuNDana' kahate haiM / " nAI apanA, lohU-luhAna sira liye lauTa gyaa|

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93 vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ isake bAda satyabhAmA dvArA prerita nAiyoM ke sAtha yAdavavRddha, rukmiNI ke kezoM ko mur3avAne aaye| jaba pradyumna ne unake anucita kulAcAra kI bhartsanA kI, taba unhoMne satyabhAmA kI zarta kI bAta khii| tabhI, yAdavavRddha jina AsanoM para baiThe the, ve unake kapar3oM se cipaka gaye / prajJaptisampanna laghutApasa ne vyaMgya kiyA : "Apa sabhI ne Asana curAne ke lie apane vastroM meM kyA lagA rakhA hai?" sabhI yAdavavRddha bar3e lajjita hue aura vahA~ se cale gye| taba pradyumna ne nAiyoM se kahA : "are ! devI ne jisake muNDana kI AjJA dI hai, usakA zIghra muNDana kro|" pradyumna kI bAta se ve sabhI mohagrasta hokara eka dUsare kA muNDana karane lge| kisI kA eka hissA mAthA mur3A huA thA, to kisI kA aadhaa| kisI kI thor3I-sI dAr3hI mur3I huI thI, to kisI ke keza aise kapace hue the, jisase usake mAthe para phatiMge baiThe hue-se lagate the| isa prakAra, sabhI nAI apanA-apanA keza hAtha meM liye, dAsiyoM kA upahAsa-pAtra banate hue vahA~ se cale gye| laghutApasa se bAtacIta karatI tathA dAsiyoM ko jaldI khIra taiyAra karane kA Adeza detI huI devI rukmiNI kI A~kheM praphullita ho gaIM aura usake stanoM se dUdha jharane lgaa| snehavatsalA mAtA ko dekhakara pradyumna kA ceharA khila utthaa| tabhI, vahA~ nArada A upasthita hue| nArada ne abhI taka rukmiNI ko putra kA darzana nahIM karAyA thA, isalie usane unheM mithyAbhASI hone kA ulAhanA diyaa| taba nArada ne kahA : "yadi devI pAsa meM hI avasthita apane putra ko nahIM pahacAnatIM, to maiM kyA karU~?" taba pradyumna ne apanA asalI rUpa dikhalAyA aura azrupUrNa A~khoM se mA~ ke caraNoM meM jhuka gyaa| mAtA rukmiNI ke bhI bahuta dinoM se ruke A~sU pravAhita ho utthe| usane beTe ke hajAra varSoM taka jIne kI kAmanA karate hue pradyumna ko a~kavAra meM bhara liyA aura phira goda meM baiThAkara usake mu~ha meM apanA stana DAla diyaa| devI ke parijana bhI azruvihvala ho utthe| isake bAda nArada ne pradyumna se kahA ki "apane pitA kRSNa se sAmAnya DhaMga se milanA tumhAre lie ThIka nahIM hogaa| isalie tama devI rukmiNI kA haraNa kara lo| isI krama meM yAdavacandra kRSNa ko parAjita karake tuma prakaTa rUpa se apane kulakaroM kI vandanA krnaa|" nArada ne apanI divyazakti se eka ratha bnaayaa| rukmiNI paricArikAoM ke sAtha usapara baitthii| usake bAda nArada ne U~cI AvAja se ghoSaNA kI : "rukmiNI kA haraNa kiyA jA rahA hai / aba jo bhI cAhe, apane bala kA pradarzana kre|" kRSNa aura yAdavavRddhoM ke sAtha pradyumna ne ghamAsAna lar3AI kii| anta meM, kRSNa ne pradyumna ke prati sudarzana cakra kA prayoga kiyaa| kintu, sudarzana cakra vinA kisI prakAra kA ahita kiye vApasa calA gyaa| aura, cakrAdhiSThita yakSa ne rahasyodghATana karate hue kRSNa se kahA : "Ayudha-ratna kA yaha dharma hai ki zatru ko mAranA cAhie aura svAmI ke bandhu kI rakSA karanI caahie| yaha (pradyumna) rukmiNI se utpanna tumhArA putra hai| nArada RSi ise yahA~ le Aye haiN| unhIM kI rAya se devI kA haraNa kiyA gayA hai|" __yaha sunakara kRSNa zAnta ho gaye aura cakra ke prati pUjAbhAva ke sAtha pradyumna ko prItipUrNa netroM se nihArane lge| taba nArada ne pradyumna se kahA : "sudarzana cakra ne rahasyodghATana kara diyaa| aba tuma pitA ke nikaTa jaao|" pradyumna nArada ke sAtha pitA kRSNa ke samIpa gayA aura unheM 1. zrImadbhAgavata, skandha 10,a.11,zlo.14-15 tathA a.85, zlo.53-54 meM samAntara rUpa se varNita kathA se tulniiy|

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94 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA praNAma kiyA / kRSNa ne AnandAzrupUrNa A~khoM se pradyumna ko a~kavAra meM bhara liyA aura usakA mAthA sU~ghate hue use AzIrvAda diyaa| usake bAda kRSNa ne pradyumna ko bar3e utsava sAtha nagara meM praveza karAyA / kulakaroM aura yAdavarAjAoM dvArA mugdha bhAva se dekhe gaye pradyumna ne rukmiNI ke bhavana meM praveza kiyaa| pradyumna ko yuvarAja kA pada diyA gyaa| isa prakAra, vijayI pradyumna ne duryodhana kI putrI ko bhAnu ke lie de diyA / satyabhAmA ne bhI pradyumna kA sammAna kiyA / tadanantara, dvAravatI kI janatA ne pradyumna ke alaukika guNoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI / kRSNa ne prasannatApUrvaka vidyAdhara aura manuSyayoni ke rAjAoM kI anukUla guNa-yauvanavAlI kanyAoM ke sAtha pradyumna kA vivAha kraayaa| aba pradyumna daugunduka deva (uttama jAti ke devavizeSa) kI taraha vividha bhogoM kA AsvAda letA huA nirudvigna vihAra karane lagA / AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke pIThikA-bhAga meM hI 'kRSNakathA' ke prasaMga meM satyabhAmA aura jAmbavatI ke bIca kRSNa dvArA vistAra kI gaI eka atizaya adbhuta lIlA kA citraNa kiyA hai, jo anyatra durlabha hai| eka dina jaba kRSNa satyabhAmA ke ghara Aye, taba usane unase nivedana kiyA ki vaha use bhI pradyumna ke samAna tejasvI putra pradAna kreN| kyoMki, jo strI apane pati kI jitanI adhika priya hotI hai, usakA putra utanA hI adhika tejasvI hotA hai| kRSNa ne satyabhAmA ko yaha kahate hue Azvasta kiyA ki cU~ki tuma merI sabhI rAniyoM meM jyeSThA ho, isalie atizaya premapAtrI ho / satyabhAmA ne avasara kA lAbha uThAte hue kahA : "yadi yaha bAta hai, to pradyumna ke samAna putra mujhe bhI diijie|" satyabhAmA kI icchApUrti ke lie kRSNa ne harirnaMgameSI (indra ke padAti- sainya kA adhipati santAnadAtA devatA) kI ArAdhanA kI / devatA jaba prasanna hue, taba kRSNa ne unase satyabhAmA pradyumna ke samAna putra kI prApti kA vara mA~gA / deva ne kahA: "jisa devI ke sAtha ApakA pahale samAgama hogA, use hI pradyumna ke samAna putra hogaa|" phira eka hAra dete hue deva ne kahA : " yaha prathama samAgatA devI ko de diijiegaa|" isake bAda devatA cale gaye / prajJaptividyA ke dvArA pradyumna ko naigameSI se kRSNa ke vara prApta karane kI sUcanA milI, to usane socA, "satyabhAmA mere prati IrSyAbhAva rakhatI hai| agara usake mere samAna putra hogA, to phira mujhase aura bhI sneha nahIM rkhegii|" vaha apanI dUsarI vimAtA jAmbavatI ke ghara calA gayA aura usane use apane samAna hI eka tejasvI putra prApta karane kA rahasya btaayaa| usake bAda usane prajJaptividyA ke bala se jAmbavatI ko satyabhAmA kI AkRti meM badala diyA / satyabhAmA jabataka prasAdhana aura devArcana meM lagI rahI, tabataka jAmbavatI apane pati kRSNa ke samIpa calI gaI aura unase samAgama sukha prApta karake hAra se suzobhita huI aura zIghra hI vahA~ se vApasa calI aaii| satyabhAmA bhI kucha dera ke bAda kRSNa ke pAsa pahu~cI aura kevala saMgama-sukha prApta kara apane ghara lauTa aaii| anta meM, kRSNa ko pradyumna ke chala kA patA cala gayA / jAmbavatI ke garbha se yathAsamaya rUpavAn zubhalakSaNa-sampanna tejasvI putra utpanna huA, jisakA nAma zAmba rakhA gayA / zAmba jaba yuvA huA, taba usakI sahAyatA se pradyumna ne apane pitA kRSNa ke pratipakSI sAle bhojakaTavAsI rukmI kI putrI vaidarbhI se vivAha kiyaa| phalataH, rukmI ko punaH

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAeM 95 eka bAra apane bahanoI ke putra (bhagine) se bhI apamAnita honA pdd'aa| bAda meM zAmba ne bhI eka gaNikAputrI suhiraNyA se vivAha kiyaa| jJAtavya hai ki rukmI ne pratijJA kI thI ki vaha apanI putrI vaidarbhI ko cANDAla ke hAtha bhale hI sauMpa degA, kintu pradyumna ke sAtha usakA vivAha nahIM kregaa| pradyumna ne cANDAlaveza dhAraNa karake rukmI ko bharamAyA aura vaidarbhI ko adhigata kara liyaa| ___ satyabhAmA se jo putra utpanna huA, usakA nAma subhAnu (bhAnu) rakhA gyaa| pradyumna aura zAmba milakara bhAnu ko barAbara parezAna karate rahate the| bhAnu ko ve vibhinna pratiyogitAoM (jaise : dyUta-pratiyogitA, AbhUSaNa-pratiyogitA, gandha-pratiyogitA Adi) meM barAbara parAjita karate rahe, usase karor3oM kI bAjI jItate rhe| eka bAra AbhUSaNa-pratiyogitA meM bhAnu kI parAjaya kI bAta sunakara rotI huI satyabhAmA ne kRSNa ko ulAhanA diyA ki zAmba Apake dulAra ke kAraNa mere beTe bhAnu ko jIne nahIM degaa| isa bAta se kRSNa bhI uttejita hue aura svayaM zAmba ke pAsa jAkara unhoMne usakI uddaNDatA ke lie use bahuta taraha se samajhAyA aura DA~TA bhii| phira bhI, zAmba ne cAra karor3a lene ke bAda hI bhAnu ko chodd'aa| zAmba itanA adhika uddaNDa ho gayA thA ki usane apane pitA kRSNa ko bhI parezAna kara diyaa| eka dina nakSatramAlA se vibhUSita kezava kI rUpazrI dhAraNa karake zAmbakumAra satyabhAmA ke mahala meM gyaa| cakita satyabhAmA ne aMguli ke saMketa se kubjA ko bulaayaa| veza, bolI, raMga, rUpa, sabameM zAmba kI kRSNa se bahuta adhika samAnatA thI, isalie bhrama meM par3I kubjA bhI kucha nirNaya nahIM kara paaii| zAmba ne kubjA se kahA : "maiMne duSTa svapna dekhA hai, usakA pratighAta apekSita hai| isalie, devI se kaho ki 'maiM cAhe kitanA bhI adhika manA karU~, phira bhI vaha mujhe paMcagavya se snAna karavA degii|" yaha kahakara zAmba calA gyaa| isI bIca kRSNa vahA~ Aye / dAsI ne zAmba ke badale, AkRtisAmya se utpanna bhrama ke kAraNa, kRSNa ko hI paMcagavya se nahalAnA zurU kiyaa| kRSNa jhallAye : "yaha kyA kara rahI ho? bhaago|" isake bAda unheM maMgalakalaza se snAna karAyA gyaa| parijanoM ke samakSa hI kRSNa ne satyabhAmA se kahA : "maiMne tumhe sabhI rAniyoM meM jyeSThA (atizaya priyA) kA pada diyaa| kyA tuma apane isa aizvarya ko ulaTanA cAhatI ho, jo mere sAtha khilavAr3a karatI ho?" satyabhAmA bolI : "mujhe kyoM ulAhanA dete haiN| maiMne to ApakI hI AjJA kA pAlana kiyA hai|" isapara kRSNa bole : "maiMne kaba kahA? tuma jhUTha bolatI ho|" jaba satyabhAmA ne sArI sthiti batAI, taba kRSNa ne ha~sakara kahA : "zAmba hogA ! kala maiMne use DA~TA thA na?" yaha sunakara satyabhAmA rUTha gaI aura bolI : "maiM to apane beToM kA khilaunA ho gaI huuN| aba merA jInA vyartha hai|" yaha kahakara vaha AtmaghAta ke lie apanI jIbha khIMcane lgii| kRSNa ne bar3I kaThinAI se use rokA aura kahA : "kala maiM usa avinIta ko daNDa dUMgA, tuma vizvAsa kro|" ___jAmbavatI ko bulavAkara kRSNa ne usase kahA : "tumhAre putra ne merA bhI tiraskAra kiyA hai|" "Apa to apane putra kA caritra jAnate haiN|" jAmbavatI bolI / "tuma bhI jaanogii|" kRSNa bole| dUsare dina gvAlA-gvAlina ke veza meM kRSNa-jAmbavatI ko zAmba ne dekhA / rUpavatI gvAlina se

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA zAmba ne pUchA: "chA~cha milegI?" 'hA~', gvAlina bolii| isake bAda 'chA~cha lU~gA' kahakara zAmba ne usakA hAtha pakar3a liyaa| tabhI kRSNa ne apanA rUpa dikhlaayaa| zAmba bhaagaa| phira, usa dina kRSNa ke samIpa nahIM aayaa| dUsare dina kRSNa ne kulakaroM ke samakSa zAmba ko bulvaayaa| vaha khaira kI kIla ko naharanI se chIlate hue sabhA meM aayaa|"shaamb ! yaha kyA ?" kRSNa ne puuchaa| zAmba ke svara meM uddaNDatA thI : "jo bItI huI bAta cher3egA, usake mu~ha meM yaha kIla DAla dI jaaygii|" vAsudeva kRSNa ne kulakaroM se kahA : "ApalogoM ne suna liyA na ? kala isane mujhe paMcagavya se snAna karavA diyA, isI bAta ko Apase kahanA cahatA hU~, to yaha mere mu~ha meM kIla DAlane kI dhamakI detA hai| isalie, aba dvAravatI meM isakA rahanA ThIka nhiiN| yahA~ se yaha nikala jaay|" ___ isapara kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ne kahA : "kRSNa, ise kSamA kara do| yaha vinodI bAlaka hamAre kula kA alaMkAra hai, jaise RSiyoM meM nArada / " isapara kRSNa ne upAlambha ke svara meM kahA : "ise Apane hI uddaNDa banAyA hai, jo mere (pitA ke sAtha bhI khilavAr3a karatA hai|" kRSNa kI bAta sunakara kulakaroM ne bhI zAmba ko dvAravatI se nikala jAne kA Adeza diyaa| aura phira, kRSNa ne zAmba se kahA : "jaba maiM aura satyabhAmA nihorA karake tumheM bulAyeM, tabhI dvAravatI aanaa|" kRSNa kI AjJA mAnakara zAmba ne vasudeva Adi pitAmahoM ko praNAma kiyA aura pradyumna se prajJaptividyA prApta kara saurASTra deza calA gyaa| eka dina prajJapti ne zAmba ko sUcanA dI ki bhAnu kA vivAha eka sau ATha kanyAoM ke sAtha ho rahA hai| vaha dvAravatI lauTa AyA aura apane chala-bala se, bhAnu ko dI jAnevAlI eka sau ATha kanyAoM ko svayaM usane hathiyA liyaa| isa upalakSya meM kRSNa ne use pacAsa karor3a kA sonA, vastrAbharaNa, zayana, Asana, yAna, vAhana, baratana tathA paricArikAe~ diiN| usake bAda zAmba mahala meM baiThA, nATyasaMgIta kA Ananda letA huA daugunduka deva kI bhA~ti nirudvigna bhAva se mAnuSya bhogoM kA upabhoga karane lgaa| ___ isa prakAra, vasudevahiNDI' ke pIThikA' aura 'mukha' prakaraNa sampUrNatayA kRSNakathA se anubaMddha haiN| 'pratimukha' prakaraNa meM bhI kRSNa ke darzana hote haiM / vasudeva jisa samaya apanA bhramaNa-vRttAnta sunA rahe haiM, usa samaya kRSNa ko bhI Amantrita kiyA gayA hai, aura vaha bhramaNa-vRttAnta ke zrotAoM meM sammilita haiN| isake atirikta asamApta 'vasudevahiNDI' kI samApti meM, antima 28veM devakIlambha meM kRSNakathA kA laghvaMza milatA hai, jisameM kRSNa ke janma lene aura gokula meM bacapana bitAne kI kathA tathA kaMsa kI putrI satyabhAmA ke sAtha vivAha karane ke krama meM dhanuSa tor3ane kI bAta bahuta hI saMkSipta rUpa meM likhI gaI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne kRSNajanma kI kathA ko, vaiSNava-paramparA kA andhAnukaraNa na karake bilakula naye pariveza meM upanyasta kiyA hai| kRSNa kA janma, varSAkAla meM, usa samaya huA, jisa samaya candramA zravaNa nakSatra se yukta thaa| kaMsa unakA zatru avazya thA, kintu unhoMne use mAra DAlane kI apekSA usakI putrI satyabhAmA se vivAha kara liyaa| kaMsa ne pUrvabhavajanita vidveSa ke kAraNa apane pitA ugrasena ko bandI banA liyA thaa| kaMsa kI pUrvabhava-kathA ke saMyojana meM kathAkAra ke racanAkauzala kI vicitratA vismita kara detI hai| pUrvabhava meM kaMsa bAlatapasvI (ajJAnapUrvaka tapa karanevAlA) thaa| vaha eka mahIne kA upavAsa (mAsa-kSapaNa) karake pAraNa ke nimitta mathurApurI meM aayaa| ugrasena ne use pAraNa ke lie apane ghara

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 97 meM Amantrita kiyA; kintu jaba pAraNa kA samaya AyA, ugrasena, kisI anya kArya meM Asakta ho jAne ke kAraNa, apanI vaha bAta bhUla gayA / kaMsa ne kahIM anyatra pAraNa kara liyaa| isa prakAra kA pramAda ugrasena se do-tIna bAra ho gyaa| phalata:, kaMsa ke mana meM vidveSa ho AyA aura 'ugrasena ke vadha ke lie maiM janma lU~gA' aisA nidAna karake vaha kAladharma ko prApta huA aura rAjA ugrasena kI patnI ke garbha meM aayaa| rAnI ko. tribali-pradeza kA mAMsa khAne kA dohada huaa| isase rAjA ne nizcaya kiyA ki yaha bAlaka utpanna hokara, nissandeha, kula kA vinAza kregaa| ata: jaba bAlaka kA janma huA, taba usa navajAta ko kAMsya-maMjUSA meM rakhakara yamunA meM pravAhita kara diyA gyaa| usa maMjUSA ko zauripura ke rasavaNik (taila Adi tarala padArthoM kA vyApArI) ne prApta kiyaa| vaha bAlaka zauripura meM hI vasudeva ke pAsa kramaza: bar3hane lgaa| samaya bItatA calA gyaa| kaMsa ne rAjA devaka kI putrI devakI ke sAtha vasudeva kA vivAha karA diyaa| devakI ke vivAha ke samaya kaMsa kI patnI jIvayazA ne madamatta hokara kaMsa ke anuja kumArazramaNa atimuktaka ko, devara hone ke nAte, bar3I dera taka parezAna kiyaa| isase kSubdha hokara kumArazramaNa ne jIvayazA ko abhizApa de diyA : "arI caMcale ! jisake lie pramudita hokara nAca rahI ho, usakA sAtavA~ putra tumhAre priya pati kA vadha kregaa|" yaha kahakara kumArazramaNa antarhita ho gye| - isI zApa se bhayAkula hokara kaMsa ne vasudeva se devakI ke sAta garbha mA~ga liye| vasudeva vacanabaddha ho gye| durAtmA kaMsa ne devakI ke chaha putra mAra ddaale| kumArazramaNa kI bhaviSyavANI kI siddhi ke lie vasudeva ne pratijJAbhaMga karake apane sAtaveM putra kRSNa ko bacA liyaa| rAtri meM jisa samaya bAlaka kRSNa kA janma huA, ghora varSA ho rahI thii| kaMsa ke dvArA niyukta paharedAra divya prabhAva se pragAr3ha nidrA meM so gye| usI samaya vasudeva bAlaka kA jAtakarma karake use vraja le cle| adRSTa devI bAlaka sahita vasudeva para chatra tAnakara cala rahI thii| unake donoM ora dIpikAe~ jala rahI thIM aura zveta vRSabha sAmane cala rahA thaa| yamunA nadI ne thAha de dii| vasudeva, yamunA pAra kara vraja pahu~ca gye| vahA~ nandagopa kI patnI yazodA ne kucha samaya pahale bAlikA prasava kI thii| vasudeva ne yazodA ko kumAra sauMpa diyA aura usase bAlikA lekara turata yathAvat apane bhavana meM lauTa aaye| bAlikA ko unhoMne devakI ke samIpa rakha diyA aura vaha vahA~ se bAhara cale gye| kaMsa kI paricArikAe~ usI samaya jaga gaIM aura unhoMne kaMsa ko bAlikA utpanna hone kI sUcanA dii| 'yaha kulakSaNA ho jAya' kahakara kaMsa ne usa bAlikA kI nAka kATa ddaalii| kaMsa ne jyotiSiyoM se atimuktaka kumArazramaNa ke Adeza ke viparIta ho jAne kA kAraNa pUchA, to unhoMne batAyA ki bhagavAn kumArazramaNa kA vacana pratikUla nahIM ho sktaa| sAtavA~ bAlaka vraja meM bar3A ho rahA hai / taba, kRSNajanma kI AzaMkA karate hue kaMsa ne usake vinAza ke lie kRSNayakSa ko Adeza diyaa| kRSNayakSa nandagopa ke gokula meM phuNcaa| phira kaMsa ne gadhe, ghor3e aura baila ko bhejaa| ve gokula ke logoM ko pIr3A pahu~cAne lge| lekina, kRSNa ne unakA vinAza kara diyaa| vasudeva ne gupta rUpa se kRSNa kI rakSA ke nimitta baladeva ko upAdhyAya ke rUpa meM vraja meM bhejaa| usane kRSNa ko samasta kalAoM kI zikSA dii| kaMsa ne jyotiSI ke vacana ko pramANita karane ke lie apanI putrI satyabhAmA ke ghara meM dhanuSa rakhakara ghoSaNA kI : "jo isa dhanuSa para DorI

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA car3hA degA, use kanyA satyabhAmA de dI jAyagI" - "jo evaM Aruhei tassa kaNNA saccabhAmA dijjaI (pR. 370) / " 98 kRSNa ne dhanuSa para DorI car3hA dI aura unhoMne jAkara vasudeva se kahA : tAta ! maiMne satyabhAmA ke ghara meM dhanuSa para DorI car3hAI hai|" ("tAta ! mayA saccahAmAghare dhaNuM vilaiyaM ti / " - tatraiva) taba vasudeva ne kahA : "beTe ! dhanuSa para DorI car3hAkara tumane bahuta acchA kAma kiyA hai| yaha pahale sehI nizcita hai ki jo dhanuSa para DorI car3hAyagA, usI ko yaha kanyA (satyabhAmA) dI jaaygii|" ("putta ! suTTu kayaM te dhaNuM sajIvayaM kareMteNa evaM puvvavivatthiyaM - jo eyaM dhaNuM sajIvaM karei tassa esA dAriyA dAyavvatti / " - tatraiva) vasudeva ke isI kathana ke sAtha saMghadAsagaNI - prokta kRSNakathA pUrI ho jAtI hai aura 'vasudevahiNDI' kA yathAprApta prathama khaNDa bhI isI vAkya ke sAtha samApta hotA hai / : isa prakAra, kRSNakathA ke sAra-saMkSepa ke avalokana se kRSNa kI mAnasika UrjA aura zArIrika ryA kI atizayatA bilakula spaSTa ho jAtI hai| zArIrika dRSTi se bhI kRSNa kA vyaktitva bar3A hI divya aura virAT hai / vaha aMgavidyA meM ullikhita sabhI zArIrika lakSaNoM se sampanna the / saMghadAsagaNI ne balarAma aura kRSNa kI zArIrika saMracanA kA citraNa karate hue likhA hai donoM bhAiyoM meM balarAma kA zarIra nirjala ( ujjvala) megha aura kRSNa kA zarIra sajala (zyAmala) megha kI chavi ko parAjita karanevAlA thA; unakI A~kheM sUrya kI kiraNoM ke saMsparza se khile hue kamaloM ke samAna thI; unake mukha pUrNacandra kI bhA~ti manorama aura kAntimAn the; unake aMgoM kI visphUrjita sandhiyA~ sA~pa ke phana kI taraha pratIta hotI thI; unakI bA~heM dhanuSa kI taraha lambI aura ratha ke jue kI bhA~ti sudRr3ha thI; zrIvatsa ke lAMchana se AcchAdita unake vizAla vakSa:sthala zobhA ke AgAra the; unake zarIroM ke madhyabhAga indrAyudha (vajra) ke samAna aura nAbhikoSa dakSiNAvarta the / unake kaTibhAga siMha ke samAna patale aura majabUta the; unake paira hAthI kI sU~r3a ke samAna gola aura sthira the; unake ghuTane sampuTAkAra aura mAMsapezI se AvRta the; hariNa kI jaisI jaMghAoM kI zirAe~, mAMsalatA ke kAraNa, DhakI huI thIM; unake caraNatala sama, sundara, mRdula, supratiSThita aura lAla-lAla nakhoM se vibhUSita the aura kAnoM ko sukha pahu~cAnevAlI unakI vANI kI gU~ja sajala megha ke svara ke samAna gambhIra thii|' isa prakAra, kRSNa aura balarAma kI zArIrika suSamA nitarAM niravadya thI / rasamadhura, kalArucira evaM saundaryoddIpta kRSNacarita ke pratipAdaka vaiSNava sampradAya ke dhArmika granthoM meM zrImadbhAgavata agragaNya hai| isameM dArzanika vivecana aura dhArmika cintana, rUpakoM aura pratIkoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / parantu dharma-darzana kI bauddhika cetanA ke utkarSa ke sAtha isameM kavitva yA kAvya kA praudiprakarSa bhI hai| usI prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' zrImadbhAgavata kI bhAi~ 1. " tesiM ca pahANA rAma kaNhA nijjala- sajalajaladacchaviharA, divasayarakiraNasaMgamAvabuddha-puMDarIyanayaNA, gahavaisaMpuNNasommataravayaNacaMdA, bhuyaMgabhogovamANasusiliTThasaMdhI, dIha dhaNu-rahajuggabAhU, pasatthalakkhaNaMkiyapallavasukumAlapANikamalA, sirivacchutthaiya-viulasiriNilayavacchadesA, suresarAyudhasaricchamajjhA, payAhiNAvattanAhikosA, mayapatthivatthimiya-saMThiyakaDI, karikarasarisathira- vaTTitorU, sAmugga- NibhuggajANudezA, gUDhasira- hariNajaMghA, samAhiya-sama-supaiTThiya-taNu-taMbanakhacalaNA, sasalilajaladaravagahira- savasuharibhitavANI / (pR. 77)

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. vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 99 dharmakathA hote hue bhI kAvyatva kI garimA se otaprota hai| kintu isa mahatkathA ke racayitA AcArya saMghadAsagaNI bhAgavatakAra ke samAna kRSNa ke caritra kI udbhAvanA kI dRSTi se nitAnta rUDhivAdI nahIM haiN| saMskRta-sAhitya ke dhArmika yuga meM bhAvoM aura caritroM yA AcAragata saMskAroM meM jahA~ atilaukikatA aura rUDhijanya paratantratA parilakSita hotI hai, vahA~ prAkRta-sAhitya kA dhArmika yuga adhikAMzata: laukika hai aura cAritrika udbhAvanA ke kSetra meM sarvathA rUr3himukta aura sAtizaya svatantra bhI hai| bhAgavatakAra ke nanda zrIkRSNa kI parama zakti se vismita haiM aura yazodA unake alaukika caritra se cakita / kintu, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kRSNa itane adhika puruSArthI aura prabhAvazAlI mahAmAnava haiM ki dvAravatI jAne ke lie samudra ne unheM rAstA diyA thA aura kubera ne unake lie dvAravatI nagarI kA nirmANa kiyA thA, sAtha hI ratna kI varSA bhI kI thii|' arthAt, kRSNa kI mAnavI zakti ke samakSa daivI zakti natamastaka thI / 'zrImadbhAgavata' kI taraha atiraMjita alaukika pAramezvarI zakti kI sarvoparitA ke siddhAnta se 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kRSNa AkrAnta nahIM haiM, isIlie saMghadAsagaNI kRSNa ke mAnavI bhAvoM ke vikAsa ko adhika dUra taka dikhAne meM saphala hue haiM / brAhmaNa-paramparA svabhAvata: brahmavAdI hai, isalie usameM mAnavIya puruSArtha kI apekSA IzvarIya zakti ke camatkAra yA bhAgyavAda ko adhika prAzraya diyA gayA hai aura zramaNa paramparA svabhAvata: zrama (puruSArtha) - vAdI hai, isalie vaha mAnavI zakti yA puruSArtha kI avadhAraNA ke prati atyadhika AsthAvAn hai / ataeva, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kRSNa parAtpara parabrahma na hokara mAnavIya jIvana aura samAja kI sAdhAraNa mAnyatAoM ke anuyAyI haiM / phalataH, kRSNa ke prati hama alaukika AtaMka se grasta hone kI apekSA sAmAjika puruSArtha kI preraNA se sphUrta ho uThate haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kRSNa meM divya aura mAnuSa bhAva kA adbhuta samanvaya huA hai / isalie, vaha avatArI yA divyapuruSa na hote hue bhI asAdhAraNa karmazakti se sampanna uttama prakRti ke puruSa haiN| vaha alaga se Izvaratva kI prApti ke lie AgrahazIla nahIM haiM, apitu unameM svataH IzvarIya guNa vikasita haiN| vaiSNava-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kRSNa ke bhAva aura caritra donoM hI alaukika haiM, isalie vaiSNava bhakti-kAvyoM meM kRSNa mahAn nAyaka ke rUpa meM brahma haiM aura gopiyA~ unakI nAyikAoM ke rUpa meM jIvAtmAe~ haiM / kintu, zramaNa paramparA kI mahArgha kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kRSNa kevala mahAn nAyaka haiM aura vaha apanI patniyoM aura putroM evaM vRddha kulakaroM aura mitra rAjAoM ke prati barAbara dAkSiNya bhAva se kAma lete haiN| vaha hiMsA yA yuddha ko bhI vyartha samajhate haiM / pratirakSAtmaka AkramaNa bhI tabhI karate haiM, jaba usake lie unheM vivaza honA par3atA hai| padmAvatI, lakSaNA, susImA, jAmbavatI aura rukmiNI ko patnI ke rUpa meM adhigata karate samaya vivazatAvaza hI unheM yuddha aura hatyA kA sahArA lenA par3A hai| apane putra zAmba kI dhRSTatA aura uddaNDatA para khIjhakara hI unhoMne use nirvAsana - daNDa diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, unakA yakSAdhiSThita Ayudharatna sudarzana cakra bhI zatru kA hI saMhAra karatA hai, kintu apane svAmI ke bandhuoM kA to vaha rakSaka hai : " AuharayaNANaM esa dhammo - 'sattU vivADeyavvo, baMdhU rakkhiyavvo sAmiNotti ( pIThikA: pR. 96 ) / " 1. " samuddeNa kira se maggo diNNo, dhaNadeNa NayarI NimmiyA bAravatI, rayaNavarisaM ca vuddhaM / " (pR. 80)

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100 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___'vasudevahiNDI' meM kRSNacaritra ke sAtha na to dhArmika alaukika bhAvanA kA sAmaMjasya ho sakA hai, na hI kRSNa ko sAdhAraNa nAyaka ke rUpa meM svIkArA jA sakA hai| aisI sthiti meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kRSNa puruSottama yuddhavIra dakSiNanAyaka' haiM / isa Adarza-bhAvanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI saMghadAsagaNI ne kRSNa ke caritra meM rUpa-parivartana Adi alaukika zakti kI sambhAvanA ke sAtha hI unakI sAmantavAdI pravRtti ko svIkRti dI aura unake vyaktitva aura kartRtva meM loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA kA bhI viniyoga kiyaa| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' kA kRSNakathA-prasaMga prAya: sabhI prakAra se aucitya kI sImA meM hI paribaddha hai| saMghadAsagaNI hRdaya se tIrthaMkaroM yA zalAkApuruSoM kA bhakta hote hue bhI vaicArika dRSTi se samakAlIna sAmAjika pravRtti aura pragati se pUrNa paricita haiN| unakA kathAkAra bhakti-bhAvanA ke Aveza meM kabhI nahIM aataa| isIlie, unhoMne kRSNa kI kathA ko rAdhA ke premAzru ke atirecana se sarvathA mukta rakhA hai| vaha yathArthavAdI kathAkAra haiN| vaha na to bhakti aura jJAna ke tarkoM meM ulajhe haiM, na hI unhoMne prema-granthi ko sulajhAne meM apanI pratibhA kA vyaya karanA ucita samajhA hai| vaha kabhI-kabhI raticatura kRSNa kI kAmakathA meM itane adhika tallIna ho gaye haiM ki usa sImA para unhoMne dhArmika bhAvanA ko bhI vismRta kara diyA hai / phalata: kRSNa rItikAlIna sAdhAraNa nAyaka ho gaye haiM aura unakI mAnuSI aura vidyAdharI paliyA~ sAdhAraNa naayikaaeN| isa sandarbha meM putraprApti ke lie kRSNa ke sAtha samAgama-sukha ko cAhanevAlI satyabhAmA aura jAmbavatI kI ahamahamikA yA pratispardhA kA pUrA-kA-pUrA prasaMga kRSNa ke lIlA-vaicitrya kI dRSTi se paryApta rucikara hai| yadyapi, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kRSNa lIlApuruSa nahIM haiM, apitu vaha satyabhAmA, rukmiNI aura jAmbavatI-ina tInoM patniyoM (zeSa padmAvatI Adi paliyA~ gauNa haiM, ginatI ke lie haiM, kRSNa ke jIvana meM unakI koI bhI viziSTa bhUmikA nahIM hai) ke sapatnItva kI pArasparika IrSyA aura dveSa tathA upAlambhajanita krodha evaM eka-dUsare ko nIcA dikhAne kI aprItikara bhAvanAoM kI dvandvila sthiti ke sAtatya ko jhelate haiM, sAtha hI pradyumna (rukmiNI-prasUta), zAmba (jAmbavatI-prasUta) aura bhAnu (satyabhAmA-prasUta)-ina tInoM putroM ke bIca pArasparika krIr3Avinoda ke krama meM utpanna avAMchita kaTutA, uddaNDatA aura dhRSTatA kA dharSaNa bhI svayaM uThAte haiN| sabase bar3I cintA kI bAta to unake lie yaha hai ki ye tInoM putra apanI mAtAoM ke hRdaya meM pratikSaNa prajvalita sapatnItva kA pratizodha bhI paraspara eka-dUsare kI mAtAoM se lene meM nahIM hicakate / pradyumna aura zAmba to satyabhAmA aura usake putra bhAnu ke pIche hAtha dhokara par3e rahate haiN| aura, satyabhAmA ko Ubakara kRSNa se kahanA par3atA hai ki "zAmba Apake dulAra ke kAraNa mere beTe ko jIne nahIM degA, isalie use manA kiijie|... maiM to apane beToM kA khilaunA ho gaI huuN| aba merA jInA vyartha hai|" yaha kahakara vaha apanI jIbha khIMcakara AtmahatyA ke lie udyata ho jAtI hai| taba, kRSNa use bar3I kaThinAI se rokate haiM aura Azvasta karate haiM : "kala maiM usa avinIta ko daNDa dUMgA, tuma vizvAsa kro|"2 1. eSu tvanekamahilAsamarAgo dakSiNaH kthitH| (sAhityadarpaNa', 3.35) 2.suyaM ca saccabhAmAe,viNNavio kaNho rovaMtIe-"saMbo tujjhaccaeNa vallAbhavAeNa Na dei me dArayassa jIviuM, : nivArijjau jai tiiri|... ahaM puttaMbhaMDANa khellAvaNiyA saMvuttA, kiM me jIvieNaM ?" ti jIhaM pkddddiyaa| kahiMci nivAriyA ya, bhaNiyA ye kaNheNa-"devi ! aviNIyassa kallaM kAhaM niggaha, vIsatthA bhvsutti|" (pIThikA : pR. 107-8)

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101 vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ eka bAra svayaM kRSNa ne hI satyabhAmA ko burI taraha chkaayaa| pratimA jaisI sundarI rukmiNI ko zrIdevI kI pratimA-pIThikA para mUrttivat nizcala khar3I karAke usake prati satyabhAmA se, dhokhe meM DAlakara, praNAma nivedita krvaayaa| kRSNa ke hI chala-chA ke kAraNa, eka bAra zAmba ne apanI mAtA jAmbavatI ko sAmAnya gAlina samajhakara riraMsAvaza usakA hAtha pakar3a liyaa| phalataH jAmbavatI aura zAmba burI taraha chake ! eka bAra pradyumna ne to apane dAdA vasudeva kA rUpa badalakara apanI dAdiyoM ko chakAyA / yahA~taka ki vaha apane pitA aura mAtA kRSNa evaM rukmiNI ko bhI chakAne se bAja nahIM AyA hai / satyabhAmA ke dvArA preSita nAiyoM aura yAdavavRddhoM kI to usane durdazA hI kara dii| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne kRSNa ko apane parivAra ke bIca hI eka ajIba gorakhadhandhe meM ulajhA huA pradarzita kiyA hai / kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI dvArA citrita kRSNacaritra lokajIvana kI manoraMjakatA aura rucivaicitrya kI dRSTi se anyatra durlabha hai| yaha kRSNacaritra kRSNa kI daivI sabalatA aura mAnuSI durbalatA ke adbhuta sAmaMjasya kA anokhA udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kRSNa na to arjunamohavinAzinI gItA ke vaktA zrIkRSNa haiM, na hI pANDavoM ke sakhA tathA salAhakAra mahArAja kRSNa / vaha to, DaoN. yAkobI ke zabdoM meM "apane uddezya kI siddhi ke lie cAhe jisa kisI upAya kA avalambana kara lete the|" isake atirikta, vaha 'gopIvallabha' yA 'mopagopIjanapriya' bhI nahIM haiM, jinakI bAlalIlA aura gopIkrIr3A ke varNanoM se mahAbhArata ke sAtha hI viSNupurANa, zrImadbhAgavata, harivaMza, padmapurANa, brahmavaivartapurANa evaM brahma, vAyu, agni, liMga aura devIbhAgavatapurANa mukharita haiN| kintu, saMghadAsagaNI ke kRSNa kA vyaktitva hI kucha dUsarA hai| kRSNa ke vyaktitva kI vibhinnatA aura vicitratA ke sambandha meM DaoN. viNTaranitja ne spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki "pANDavoM ke sakhA aura salAhakAra, bhagavadgItA ke siddhAnta ke pracAraka, bAlyakAla meM daityoM kA vadha karanevAle vIra, gopiyoM ke vallabha tathA bhagavAn viSNu ke avatAra zrIkRSNa eka hI vyakti the, isa bAta para vizvAsa honA bahuta hI kaThina hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI kRSNa ke, vaiSNava-paramparA meM citrita vyaktitva kI vipulatA para vizvAsa na karake unheM eka svatantra lokavizvasanIya vyaktitva pradAna kiyA hai| kRSNa kI bAlalIlA kA jahA~taka prazna hai; saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI apane grantha ke anta meM usakA AbhAsa-mAtra diyA hai| unhoMne kevala itanA hI likhA hai ki kRSNa ke vinAza ke lie kaMsaM ne kRSNayakSa ke atirikta, gadhe, ghor3e aura baila ko bhejaa| ve gokulavAsiyoM ko pIr3A pahu~cAne lge| lekina, kRSNa ne unakA vinAza kara diyaa| hAlA~ki kRSNa ne aisA sAhasa aura zaurya taba dikhalAyA hai, jaba vaha prAya: yuvA ho gaye haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki mahAbhArata yA vibhinna purANoM yA phira jainavAGmaya ke granthoM meM varNita zrIkRSNacaritra meM, tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se nyUnAdhika antara kahIM-kahIM bhale ho, parantu kathA kA mukhya viSaya aura kendrIya bhAva sarvatra eka hI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ke kRSNacaritra para mahAbhArata ke kRSNacaritra kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| mahAbhArata meM kRSNa kA rAjanItijJa ke rUpa meM bahuta hI sammAnapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / vAstavika 1.vizeSa draSTavya : 'bhAratIya vAGmaya meM zrIrAdhA' : paM.baladeva upAdhyAya,pra.bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA,pR.32 2. "parivaDDai ve| tato kaMseNa viNAsakae kaNhaM AsaMkamANeNa ya kasiNayakkhA AdiTThA pattA nNdgovgodde| visajjiyA khara-turaya-vasahA / te ya jaNaM pIleMti / kaNheNa ya vinnaasiyaa|" (devakIlambha : pR.369-70)

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102 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA sthiti yaha ki kRSNa ke vaMza meM, yAdavoM meM bhinna-bhinna kula the, jinameM andhakavRSNi pradhAna the / andhakavRSNi - kula meM gaNatAntrika zAsana praNAlI pracalita thI, jisake pradhAna pada para rAjA ugrasena pratiSThita the / isa gaNasaMgha ke sadasya samaya-samaya Apasa meM lar3A karate the aura unake bIca sauhArda sthApita kara rAjya calAnA nizcaya hI gurutara kArya thaa| kRSNa ne apanI viSama rAjanItika sthiti kA varNana karate hue nArada se kahA hai: "nAma to merA Izvara hai, kintu apane jAti - bhAiyoM kI naukarI karatA hU~ / bhoga to AdhA hI milatA hai, parantu gAliyA~ khUba milatI haiN| jaise Aga jalAne kI icchA se loga araNikASTha kA manthana karate haiM, vaise hI ye sambandhI gAliyoM se merA hRdaya mathA karate haiM / mere jeThe bhAI balarAma apane bala ke abhimAna meM cUra rahate haiM |..mere jyeSTha putra pradyumna ko rUpa ke mada kI behozI rahatI hai / phalataH, maiM ekadama asahAya hU~ / mere bhakta Ahuka aura akrUra sadA lar3A karate haiM / inake mAre merI nAkoM meM dama hai / merI dazA do juAr3I putroM kI usa mAtA ke samAna hai, jo cAhatI hai ki mere donoM juAr3I putroM meM eka to jIte, parantu dUsarA hAre nahIM / ' "1 kahane kA tAtparya hai ki kRSNa aharniza apane jJAtiyoM ke paraspara kalaha ke sulajhAne meM hI vyasta dikhAI par3ate haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne isI AdhAra para kRSNa ke jIvana ke kevala praur3hakAla kA hI citra upasthita kiyA hai| phira bhI, kRSNa ke uttama vyaktitva kA mahAn utkarSa yahI hai ki vaha jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM meM yazasvI tathA prabhAvazAlI siddha hue haiN| isalie, kRSNakathA ke vikAsa aura vistAra kI paramparA meM mahAbhArata aura purANoM ke sAtha-sAtha 'vasudevahiNDI' kA samAnAntara adhyayana nitAnta Avazyaka hai / jJAtavya hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kRSNakathA kA vyApaka prabhAva paravarttI jaina kRSNakathAoM para bhI vividha rUpoM meM par3A hai, jisakI vikAsa-sImA apabhraMza- kavi puSpadanta (10vIM zatI) ke 'mahApurANa' taka phailI huI dikhAI par3atI hai / (kha) rAmakathA kRSNakathA kI bhA~ti rAmakathA bhI bhAratIya kathA - sAhitya kI ratnamAlA kA maNimeru hai / rAmakathA kI vyApakatA na kevala samagra bhAratIya garimA ko Ayatta karatI hai, apitu vaha vizvajanIna pratiSThA kI arjana-kSamatA se bhI sampanna hai / kRSNakathA, apanI vyApaka khyAti ke bAvajUda, rAmakathA kI bhA~ti lokajIvana kA antaraMga nahIM ho paaii| rAmakathA kI tato'dhika vyApakatA kA kAraNa usakI prabandhAtmakatA hai, jabaki kRSNakathA prAya: AkhyAna - zailI meM hI nibaddha huI / isIlie, lokajIvana meM kRSNalIlA se adhika rAmalIlA hI atmasAt huI / kRSNakathA ko sthAnIya mahattva adhika milA, jabaki rAmakathA sImAntabhedinI bana gii| gujarAtI - sAhitya meM rAmakathA kI apekSA kRSNakathA adhika samAdRta huI / kRSNakathA se sambaddha mahAbhArata kA aMza gujarAta ke vyAvahArika aura kautUhalapriya janajIvana kI AtmA ko jitanA AkRSTa kara sakA hai, utanA rAmAyaNa nahIM / kRSNakAvya meM prabandhAtmakatA ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI kRSNapremI gujarAtI sAhityakAroM ne rAmakathAsambandhI sAhitya bhI AkhyAna - zailI maiM likhA / jainoM ne yadi rAmakathA ko prabandhAtmaka rUpa diyA, to bauddhoM ne use jAtaka yA AkhyAna - zailI meM upasthita kiyA / 1. draSTavya : 'mahAbhArata', zantiparva, a. 81, zloka 5-11 2. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'rAmakathA : utpatti aura vikAsa' : revareNDa DaoN. phAdara kAmila bulke, pR. 226

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 103 'vasudevahiNDI' ke lekhaka AcArya saMghadAsagaNI rAmakathA kI mahattA se paricita the aura vasudeva ke paryaTana kA vRttAnta likha rahe the, aisI sthiti meM rAma jaise mahAn paryaTanakArI kI kathA 'rAmAyaNa' (rAma + ayana = rAma kA paribhramaNa) kA apane yugAntarakArI kathAgrantha meM samAveza kaise nahIM karate ? brAhmaNa-paramparA ke, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha -- ina tInoM bhAratIya saMskRti ke pratinidhi mahAkAvyoM kI kathAsAmagrI ko AtmasAt karake saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI kathAkRti ko bhAratIya sAMskRtika garimA kA saMvahana karanevAlA bRhad grantha banA diyA hai / pracalita rAmakathA ko AtmasAt karake saMghadAsagaNI ne apane kathAgrantha meM jisa rUpa meM rakhA hai, vaha sAmAnya pAThakoM ke lie nAtiparicita hote hue bhI mUla kathAtattva kI dRSTi se suparicita hI hai / rAmakathA kI vyApakatA ke bAvajUda, saMghadAsagaNI kRSNakathA ke prati jitanA adhika rIjhe haiM, rAmakathA meM utanA adhika nahIM rame haiN| unake dvArA upanyasta rAmAyaNa (rAmakathA) kA sAra yahA~ prastuta hai : rAjA meghanAda ke vaMzaja rAjA balI ke vaMza meM sahasragrIva rAjA huA / usakI vaMza-paramparA meM kramaza: paMcazatagrIva, zatagrIva, paMcAzadgrIva, viMzatigrIva aura dazagrIva rAjA hue| dazagrIva hI rAmaNa (rAvaNa) ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| rAjA viMzatigrIva ke cAra paliyA~ thIM : devavarNanI, vakrA, kaikeyI aura puSpakUTA / devavarNanI ke cAra putra the : soma, yama, varuNa aura vaizravaNa / kaikeyI ke tIna putra the : rAmaNa, kumbhakarNa aura vibhISaNa tathA do putriyA~ thIM : trijaTA aura zUrpaNakhI / vakrA - ke mahodara, mahArtha, mahApAza aura khara ye cAra putra the aura AzAlikA nAma kI putrI thii| isI prakAra, puSpakUTA ke tIna putra the : trisAra, dvisAra aura vidyujjihna aura eka putrI thI kumbhinAsA / devavarNanI ke putra soma, yama Adi ke virodha ke kAraNa, rAmaNa apane parivAra ke sAtha laMkAdvIpa meM jAkara basa gyaa| usane vahA~ rahakara prajJaptividyA siddha kii| phalataH, vidyAdhara- sAmanta usake vazavarttI ho gaye / rAmaNa ke prazAsanika prabhAva se laMkApurI meM sthiratA A gii| svayaM vidyAdhara laMkAvAsiyoM kI sevA karate 1 eka dina maya nAma kA vidyAdhara apanI putrI mandodarI ko sAtha lekara rAmaNa kI sevA meM upasthita huA / mandodarI ke viSaya meM lakSaNavettAoM ne batayA thA ki isakI pahalI santAna kulakSaya kA kAraNa banegI / phira bhI, atizaya rUpavatI hone ke kAraNa mandodarI kA parityAga rAmaNa ne nahIM kiyA aura usase vivAha karake use apanI paTarAnI banA liyA / idhara, ayodhyAnagarI meM rAjA dazaratha rahate the| unake tIna rAniyA~ thIM : kauzalyA, kaikeyI aura sumitrA | kauzalyA ke putra rAma hue, sumitrA ke lakSmaNa aura kaikeyI ke bharata aura zatrughna / ye cAroM putra devatA ke samAna rUpavAn the I rAmaNa kI pradhAna mahiSI mandodarI ne jaba prathama putrI kA prasava kiyA, taba kulakSaya kI AzaMkA se usane use ratna se bharI maMjUMSA meM rakhakara mantriyoM se kahIM chor3a Ane kA Adeza diyaa| usa samaya mithilA ke rAjA janaka kI udyAnabhUmi ko jota- kor3akara usakI sajAvaTa kI jA rahI thii| mandodarI ke mantriyoM ne janaka kI udyAna bhUmi meM pahu~cakara tiraskaraNI vidyA dvArA apane ko pracchanna rakhakara ratnamaMjUSA ko hala kI noMka ke Age rakha diyA / udyAnabhUmi kI jutAI ke samaya hala kI noMka ke Age kanyA milane kI sUcanA rAjA janaka ko dI gaI / janaka ne samajhA,

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104 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA dhAriNI devI ne kRpA karake unheM yaha putrI pradAna kI hai| vaha bAlikA (sItA) apane rUpa se devatAoM ko bhI mugdha kara letI thii| janaka ne sItA ke svayaMvara kA Adeza diyaa| svayaMvara meM Aye aneka rAjakumAroM meM sItA ne rAma kA varaNa kiyaa| dazaratha ke zeSa tInoM putroM ke lie bhI janaka ne lar3akiyA~ dIM aura vipula dhana-sampatti bhI pradAna kii| sabako lekara rAjA dazaratha apane nagara lauTa gaye 1 svajanopacAra meM vicakSaNa kaikeyI kI sevA se santuSTa hokara rAjA dazaratha ne usase vara mA~gane ko kahA / " varadAna surakSita rahe / kAma par3ane para mA~ga luuNgii|" kaikeyI bolI / rAjA dazaratha kA sImAvartI rAjA ke sAtha virodha cala rahA thA / usane yuddha meM rAjA dazaratha ko bandI banA liyA / dazaratha ke mantriyoM ne prANarakSA ke nimitta jaba kaikeyI se bhAga jAne ko kahA, taba usa kSatriyANI kA svAbhimAna uttejita ho utthaa| vaha astra-zastra se sajjita huI, tane hue chatravAle ratha para savAra hokara pratipakSI rAjA se bhayaMkara yuddha karane lagI aura pITha dikhAnevAle apane sainikoM ko mRtyudaNDa dene kA Adeza usane pracArita kiyaa| anta meM, usane zatru rAjA ko parAsta kara rAjA dazaratha ko bandhana se mukta karA liyaa| taba dazaratha ne kaikeyI se kahA: "devI! tumane zreSTha puruSa kI bhA~ti kAma kara dikhAyA hai, vara mA~go / " kaikeyI bolI : "mere lie yaha dUsarA varadAna bhI surakSita rahe / kAma par3ane para mA~ga lU~gI / " aneka varSa bIta gaye / rAjA dazaratha ke sabhI putra pUrNata: yuvA ho gaye aura vaha svayaM vRddhAvasthA ko prApta hue| phalataH, unhoMne rAma ke abhiSeka kA Adeza diyaa| abhiSeka kI taiyArI pUrI ho idhara, bar3I mantharA ke bahakAne para rAnI kaikeyI kupita hokara kopaghara meM calI gii| rAjA ne jaba bahuta anunaya-vinaya kiyA, aura vara mA~gane kI bAta kahI, taba kaikeyI paritoSa se praphulla hokara bolI : " eka vara se bharata rAjA bane aura dUsare vara se rAma bAraha varSoM taka vana meM rahe / " isapara dazaratha ne kaikeyI ko aneka prakAra se mIThA-kar3avA sunAyA aura rAma ko bulavAkara azrupUrita kaNTha se kahA: "pUrvapradatta vara ke anusAra kaikeyI bharata ke lie rAjya aura tumhAre lie vanavAsa mA~gatI hai / merA varadAna jhUThA na ho, vaisA hI karo / " rAma vIraveza dhAraNa kara lakSmaNa aura ke sAtha, jaMgala cale gaye aura dazaratha unake viyoga meM vilApa karate hue mara gaye / apane mAmA ke deza se vApasa Ane para bharata ko jaba vastusthiti kA patA calA, taba unhoMne apanI mA~ ko bahuta kosA aura bandhu bAndhava- sahita rAma ke pAsa gaye / bharata se pitA kI mRtyu kA samAcAra sunakara rAma ne divaMgata pitA ke lie pretakRtya sampanna kiyaa| usake bAda azrupUrNamukhI bharata kI mA~ kaikeyI ne rAma se kahA: "tumane pitA kI bAta pUrI kara dI / aba mujhe kalaMka ke paMka se uddhAra karane ke lie kulakramAgata rAjyalakSmI aura bhAiyoM kA paripAlana kro|" kintu, rAma ne kaikeyI se isa prakAra ke anubandhana meM na DAlane kA Agraha kiyA / anta meM, rAma kI khar3AU~ lekara saparivAra bharata ayodhyA lauTa Aye / sItA aura lakSmaNa ke sAtha rAma tapasviyoM ke Azrama dekhate aura dakSiNa dizAM kA avalokana karate hue vijana sthAna meM phuNce| rAma ke rUpa ko dekhakara kAmamohita ho rAmaNa kI bahana zUrpaNakhI vahA~ AI | rAma ne usakA tiraskAra kiyA aura sItA ne bhartsanA ke svara meM kahA: "na cAhanevAle parapuruSa kI balAt prArthanA karake maryAdA kA atikramaNa karatI ho !"

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 105 sItA kI bAta para ruSTa hokara zUrpaNakhI apane bhayaMkara rUpa meM Akara sItA ko DarAne lgii| taba, rAma ne strI ko avadhya mAnakara kevala usake nAka-kAna kATa liye| isapara zUrpaNakhI ne apane beTe khara aura dUSaNa ko rAma-lakSmaNa ke viruddha bhdd'kaayaa| zastrabala aura bAhubala se lar3ate hue rAma-lakSmaNa ne khara-dUSaNa ko mAra ddaalaa| putravadha se kruddha zUrpaNakhI rAmaNa ke pAsa phuNcii| zUrpaNakhI se sItA ke rUpa kI carcA sunakara rAmaNa kAmonmathita ho utthaa| usake nirdezAnusAra usakA mantrI mArIca ratnamaya mRga banakara rAma ke Azrama ke irdagirda ghUmane lgaa| sItA ne usa mRga ko apanA khilaunA banAnA caahaa| sItA ke Agraha para rAma dhanuSa-bANa hAtha meM lekara mRga ke pIche cala pdd'e| bahuta dUra nikala jAne para rAma ne mRga ke mAyAvI rUpa ko pahacAna liyA aura usapara bANa pheNkaa| mArIca marate samaya karkaza svara meM cillA uThA : "lakSmaNa, mujhe bacAo !" vaha AvAja sunakara sItA ne rAma ko bacAne ke lie lakSmaNa ko bhejaa| lakSmaNa rAma ke rAste se daur3a cle| . isI bIca maukA dekhakara rAmaNa, vinA kisI vighna-bAdhA kI paravAha kiye, sItA ko curA le gyaa| rAste meM vidyAdhara jaTAyu se rAmaNa kI joradAra Takkara huii| lekina, use parAjita karake rAmaNa kiSkindhiparvata ke Upara se hote hue laMkA pahu~ca gyaa| jaTAyu se prApta sUcanA ke anusAra, rAma-lakSmaNa kiSkindhiparvata para phuNce| vahA~ vAlI aura sugrIva do vidyAdhara bhAI parivAra-sahita rahate the| unameM strI ke nimitta ApasI virodha thaa| bAlI se parAjita sugrIva ne apane mantrI hanuka (hanumAn) aura jAmbavAn ke sAtha jinamandira meM zaraNa lI thii| rAma-lakSmaNa ko dekhakara sugrIva Dara gayA aura bhAgane ko udyata huaa| taba hanumAn ne use samajhA-bujhAkara sthira kiyA aura vaha saumya rUpa dhAraNa kara rAma-lakSmaNa ke pAsa gyaa| hanumAn ke pUchane para lakSmaNa ne apanA paricaya dete hue kahA : "hama ikSvAku-vaMza meM utpanna rAjA dazaratha ke putra rAma aura lakSmaNa haiN| pitA kI AjJA se jaMgala Aye haiN| mRga se mohita hama jaba apane Azrama se bAhara the, tabhI merI bhAbhI sItA kA apaharaNa ho gyaa| unako hI DhU~r3hane ke lie hama donoM bhAI ghUma rahe haiN|" isake bAda hanumAn ne bAlI aura sugrIva kA paricaya diyaa| anta meM rAma kI svIkRti se agni kA sAkSya lekara, sugrIva ke sAtha rAmakI maitrI sthApita huii| rAma ke bala kI parIkSA lekara sugrIva ne unheM bAlI ke vadha ke nimitta niyukta kiyaa| bAlI aura sugrIva donoM bhAI samAna rUpavAle aura svarNamAlAoM se vibhUSita the| donoM meM pharka na jAnate hue rAma ne bANa pheMkA, isalie usakA koI prabhAva na pdd'aa| bAlI ne sugrIva ko puna: parAjita kara diyaa| taba sugrIva kI viziSTa pahacAna ke lie rAma ne use vanamAlA pahanA dii| usake bAda rAmane eka hI bANa se bAlI ko mAra DAlA aura sugrIva ko rAjA ke pada para pratiSThita kara diyaa| usake bAda, hanumAn ne sItA kA samAcAra prApta karane ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| unhoMne lauTakara rAma ke lie sItA kI priyavastu (zirobhUSaNa) arpita kii| rAma ke Adeza se sugrIva ne bharata ke pAsa vidyAdharoM ko bhejaa| bharata ne caturaMga senA bhejii| rAma sugrIva ke sAtha vidyAdharoM se surakSita samudrataTa para phuNce| isa pAra aura usa pAra sthita parvata ke bIca samudra meM pula bA~dhA gyaa| rAma kI senA laMkA ke pAsa utarI aura samudrataTa para senA ne par3Ava ddaalaa| apane sainya-zivira ke sAtha yuddhodyata rAmaNa ne rAma ke sainya-zivira kI koI paravAha nahIM kii|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vibhISaNa ne vinamratApUrvaka rAmaNa se nivedana kiyA : "jo kaura nigalA jA sakatA hai, nigalane ke bAda paca jAtA hai aura paca jAne para hitakara hotA hai, vahI kaura grahaNa karanA cAhie / hitabuddhi bhAva se Apa isa viSaya para vicAra karake rAma kI patnI ko lauTA deN| tAki, parijana kA kalyANa ho / " vibhISaNa ke isa prakAra samajhAne para bhI rAmaNa ne jaba nahIM sunA, taba vibhISaNa cAra mantriyoM ke sAtha rAma se jA milaa| sugrIva kI anumati se 'vinIta' samajhakara rAma ne vibhISaNa kA sammAna kiyA / vibhISaNa ke parivAra meM jo vidyAdhara the, ve bhI rAma kI senA aamile| 106 isake bAda rAma aura rAmaNa ke pakSa ke vidyAdhara aura mAnava sainikoM meM yuddha prArambha huA / vidyAdharoM ke A milane se rAma kI senA dinAnudina bar3hatI gaI aura rAmaNa kI senA ke pradhAna sainikoM kI saMkhyA kSINa hotI calI gii| phira bhI, yuddha-vijaya kI AkAMkSA rakhanevAlA rAmaNa (rAma kI) samasta vidyAoM ko naSTa karanevAlI jvAlavatI vidyA kI sAdhanA karane lagA / rAma ke yoddhAoM ko jaba yaha sUcanA milI ki rAmaNa vidyA kI sAdhanA kara rahA hai, taba ve laMkA meM ghusakara nagara ko rauMdane lge| isapara rAmaNa kruddha ho uThA aura jiraha - bakhtara se laisa hokara sainya-parivAra-sahita ratha para nikalA aura rAma ke sAtha ghora yuddha karane ke bAda lakSmaNa se bhir3a gayA / jaba rAmaNa ke sAre astra-zastra chinna-bhinna ho gaye, taba lakSmaNa ke vadha ke lie usane apanA cakra pheNkaa| kintu, lakSmaNa kI mahAnubhAvatA ke kAraNa vaha cakra lakSmaNa ke vakSaHsthala para sIdhe na girakara Ar3e girA / lakSmaNa ne usI cakra ko bar3I nipuNatA se rAmaNa ke vadha ke lie vApasa chodd'aa| devatA dvArA adhiSThita vaha cakra rAmaNa ke kuNDala - mukuTa sahita sira ko kATakara lakSmaNa ke pAsa lauTa aayaa| AkAza meM upasthita RSivAdI (vyantara devajAti) tathA bhUtavAdI (viziSTa devajAti) devoM ne puSpavRSTi kI, sAtha hI AkAza meM ghoSaNA kI : " bhAratavarSa meM lakSmaNa AThaveM vAsudeva ke rUpa meM upasthita hue haiN|" yuddha samApta hone para, vibhISaNa sItA ko le AyA aura vidyAdharavRddhoM se parivRta unakI vidAI kI taiyArI kii| vibhISaNa kI svIkRti se rAmaNa ke zava kA saMskAra kara diyA gayA / usake bAda rAma aura lakSmaNa ne ariMjayanagara meM vibhISaNa kA tathA vidyAdhara- zreNI ke nagara meM sugrIva kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| tatpazcAt, parivAra sahita vibhISaNa aura sugrIva sItA - sahita rAma ko vimAna se ayodhyAnagarI le aaye| vahA~ bharata aura zatrughna evaM ayodhyA ke nAgarikoM aura mantriyoM ne milakara rAma kI pUjA kI aura unheM rAjA ke pada para abhiSikta kiyA / vibhISaNa aura sugrIva ke sAtha milakara rAma ne apane mahAprabhAva se arddha bharata kSetra kA vijaya kiyA / isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne rAmAyaNa ko bahuta hI saMkSipta rUpa upanyasta kiyA hai, jisameM aneka sAre pUrvApara-prasaMga jijJAsita aura asamAhita raha gaye haiN| thor3A-bahuta pArthakya ke sAtha mUlakathA brAhmaNa-paramparA kI rAmakathA kA anusaraNa karatI hai / saMghadAsagaNI kI yathokta rAmAyaNa meM rAvaNa kI prasiddha saMjJA 'rAmaNa' hai, jisakA apara paryAya 'dazagrIva' bhI hai| yaha vidyAdhara-kula rAjA sahasragrIva ke vaMzaja rAjA viMzatigrIva kA putra hai / isakI mAtA kA nAma kaikeyI hai / rAjA sahasragrIva rAjA meghanAda kI vaMza-paramparA meM utpanna rAjA balI kA vaMzaja hai| meghanAda ko vaitADhya parvata kI dakSiNa zreNI meM sthita ariMjayapura nagara kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai| kumbhakarNa aura vibhISaNa isake do bhAI aura trijaTA tathA zUrpaNakhI nAma kI do bahaneM haiN| viMzatigrIva kI cAra

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 107 paliyoM-- devavarNanI, vakrA, kaikeyI aura puSpakUTA -- meM prathama devavarNanI ke putroM-soma, yama, varuNa aura vaizravaNa nAma ke sautele bhAiyoM-- seM virodha ke kAraNa rAmaNa parivAra sahita laMkAdvIpa meM jAkara basa gayA hai| ise prajJaptividyA kI siddhi prApta I sItA ko rAmaNa kI patnI, maya vidyAdhara kI putrI mandodarI kI prathama putrI ke rUpa meM upasthi kiyA gayA hai| lakSaNavettAoM ne mandodarI kI prathama putrI ko kulakSaya kA kAraNa batAyA thA, isalie usane apane mantriyoM ko, apanI prathama putrI ko, janma lete hI, ratnamaMjUSA meM rakhakara kahIM chor3a Ane kA Adeza diyA / mantriyoM ne tiraskariNI vidyA se apane ko pracchanna rakhakara mithilA rAjA janaka kI udyAnabhUmi kI sajAvaTa ke samaya, hala kI noMka ke Age DAla diyA thaa| jamIna jotate samaya jaba vaha kanyA prApta huI, taba rAjA janaka ne use dharatI kI adhiSThAtrI devI dhAraNI se prApta prasAda ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyaa| usI bAlikA kA nAma 'sItA' rakhA gayA / yadyapi, saMghadAsagaNI ne yahA~ 'sItA' zabda kI vyutpatti para koI vicAra nahIM kiyA hai / rAmaNa apanI isI putrI sItA ke rUpa se kAmamohita hokara isakA apaharaNa karatA hai / brAhmaNa-paramparA kI rAmakathA meM lakSmaNa aura zatrughna ko rAjA dazaratha kI tIsarI rAnI sumitrA se utpanna batAyA gayA hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne bharata aura zatrughna ko kaikeyI ke putra kahA hai / bAlI aura sugrIva vidyAdharakula ke sadasya haiM aura hanumAn tathA jAmbavAn sugrIva ke mantrI batAye gaye haiM / laMkA - vijaya tathA rAvaNa ke zava - saMskAra ke bAda rAma ne vibhISaNa ko ariMjayapura meM rAjyAbhiSikta kiyA hai aura sugrIva ko vidyAdhara- zreNI ke nagara meM / rAma kI apekSA lakSmaNa ke hAthoM rAvaNa kA vadha dikhAyA gayA hai| rAvaNa ziva kI upAsanA kI jagaha jvAlavatI vidyA kI sAdhanA karatA hai / rAvaNa se yuddha ke samaya bharata ne rAma kI sahAyatA ke lie caturaMga senA bhejI thI / isa prakAra ke thor3e-bahuta antara ke sAtha zeSa kathA brAhmaNa- paramparAvat hI hai / bauddha rAmakathA se jaina rAmakathA sarvathA bhinna hai / prAcIna bauddha sAhitya meM rAmakathA-sambandhI tIna jAtaka ('dazarathajAtaka', 'anAmakajAtaka' aura 'dazarathakathAnam ) surakSita haiM, jinameM buddha rAma kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| ina tInoM jAtakoM meM 'dazarathajAtaka' sarvAdhika prasiddha aura mahattvapUrNa hai / jAtaka aisI kathA hai, jisameM bhagavAn buddha apane asaMkhya pUrvajanmoM meM manuSya athavA pazu ke rUpa meM Ate haiM / buddha ne jaitavana meM 'dazarathajAtaka' kI kathA kahI thii| kisI gRhastha kA pitA mara gayA thaa| phalataH, vaha zokAbhibhUta hokara apanA sArA laukika karttavya chor3a baiThA / yaha jAnakara buddha ne usase kahA ki prAcIna kAla ke paNDita apane pitA kI mRtyu para tanika bhI za nahIM karate the| isake bAda dazaratha kI mRtyu para rAma ke dhairya kA udAharaNa dene ke lie buddha ne usa gRhastha ko dazarathajAtaka sunAyA / saMkSipta rUpa meM kathA isa prakAra hai : : rAjA dazaratha vArANasI meM dharmapUrvaka rAjya karate the / inakI jyeSThA mahiSI ke tIna santAneM thIM : do putra (rAmapaNDita aura lakSmaNa) aura eka putrI (sItA devI) / isa mahiSI ke marane 1. mahAbhArata ke rAmopAkhyAna se yaha prasaMga tulanIya hai / draupadI ke haraNa tathA usako punaH prApta karane ke bAda yudhiSThira apane durbhAgya para zoka prakaTa karate haiN| isapara mArkaNDeyajI rAma kA udAharaNa dekara yudhiSThira ko dhairya ba~dhAne kA prayatna karate haiN| yudhiSThira ke rAmacarita sunane kI icchA prakaTa karane para mArkaNDeyajI rAmopAkhyAna sunAte haiN| yaha rAmopAkhyAna vAlmIki kRta rAmAyaNa kA svatantra saMkSipta rUpa hai|

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108 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ke bAda rAjA ne eka dUsarI patnI ko jyeSThA mahiSI ke pada para abhiSikta kiyaa| usake bhI eka putra (bharatakumAra) utpanna huaa| rAjA ne usI avasara para usa dUsarI rAnI ko eka vara diyaa| jaba bharata kI avasthA sAta varSa kI thI, rAnI ne apane putra ke lie rAjya maaNgaa| rAjA ne spaSTa inakAra kara diyA, lekina jaba rAnI bAra-bAra Agraha-anurodha karane lagI, taba rAjA ne usake SaDyantroM ke bhaya se apane, pUrvamahiSI se utpanna donoM putroM (rAma aura lakSmaNa) ko bulAkara kahA : "yahA~ rahane se tumhAre anartha hone kI sambhAvanA hai| isalie kisI anya rAjya yA vana meM jAkara raho aura mere marane ke bAda lauTakara rAjya para adhikAra prApta kro|" ___jyotiSiyoM ne rAjA kI mRtyu kI avadhi bAraha varSa ke bAda batAI / taba dazaratha ne apane donoM putroM se kahA : "he putroM ! bAraha varSa ke bAda Akara rAjacchatra ko utthaanaa|" pitA kI vandanA karake donoM bhAI cala par3e, to sItA devI bhI pitA se vidA lekara unake sAtha ho lii| tInoM ke sAtha bahuta-se anya loga bhI cala diye| kintu, unako lauTAkara donoM himAlaya pahu~ca gaye aura vahA~ Azrama banAkara rahane lge| nau varSa ke bAda dazaratha putrazoka ke kAraNa mara jAte haiN| dUsarI rAnI apane putra bharata ko rAjA banAne meM asaphala hotI hai; kyoMki amAtya aura svayaM bharata bhI isakA virodha karate rahe / bharata caturaMgiNI senA lekara rAma ko lauTA lAne ke uddezya se vana ko cale jAte haiN| bharata ke bahuta anurodha karane para bhI rAmapaNDita yaha kahakara vana meM rahane kA nizcaya prakaTa karate haiM : "mere pitA ne mujhe bAraha varSa kI avadhi ke anta meM rAjya karane kA Adeza diyA hai| isa samaya lauTakara maiM unakI AjJA kA pAlana na kara skuuNgaa| maiM tIna varSa ke bAda lauTa aauuNgaa|" jaba bharata bhI zAsanAdhikAra asvIkAra karate haiM, taba rAmapaNDita apanI tRNa kI pAdukAe~ dekara kahate haiM : "mere vApasa Ane taka ye pAdukAe~ hI zAsana kreNgii|" pAdukAoM ko lekara bharata lakSmaNa, sItA aura anya logoM ke sAtha vArANasI lauTa Ate haiN| amAtya, rAma kI pAdukAoM ke samakSa rAjakAja kA saMcAlana karate haiN| anyAya hote hI pAdukAe~ eka dUsare para AghAta karatI haiM aura ThIka nirNaya hone para zAnta rahatI haiN| tIna varSa vyatIta hone para rAmapaNDita lauTakara apanI bahana sItA se vivAha karate haiM aura solaha hajAra varSa taka dharmapUrvaka rAjya karane ke bAda vaha svarga cale jAte haiN| anta meM, buddha ne kathA kA sAmaMjasya baiThAte hue kahA : usa samaya mahArAja zuddhodana mahArAja dazaratha the| mahAmAyA (buddha kI mAtA) rAma kI mAtA, yazodharA (rAhula kI mAtA) sItA, Ananda bharata the aura maiM rAmapaNDita thaa| zramaNa-paramparA ke antargata, paravartI kAla meM, bauddhoM meM rAmakathA kI lokapriyatA dinAnudina kSINa hotI calI gii| parantu jainoM meM rAmakathA kI priyatA apabhraMza-kAla taka laukika aura sAhityaka stara para, samAna bhAva se samAdRta banI rhii| isIlie, jaina kathA-vAGmaya meM rAmakathAsAhitya atyanta vistRta rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai| bauddha, bhagavAn buddha ko rAma kA punaravatAra mAnate haiN| jainadharma meM bhI rAmakathA ke pAtroM ko atizaya mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| rAma yA padya, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa na kevala jainamArgAnuyAyI haiM, apitu ye triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM meM parigaNita haiN| ye zalAkApuruSa haiM : 24 tIrthaMkara (apane-apane samaya ke jainadharma ke pravartaka evaM upadezaka),

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 109 12 cakravarttI (bhArata ke chaha khaNDoM ke samrAT), 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva aura 9 prativAsudeva / unakI jIvaniyA~ jainasAhitya meM mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa tathA purANoM kA sthAna grahaNa karatI haiN| rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa kramazaH AThaveM baladeva, vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva ke rUpa meM mAnya haiM / vAsudeva apane agraja baladeva ke sAtha milakara prativAsudeva se yuddha karate haiM aura anta meM prativAsudeva kA vadha karate haiN| isake bAda vaha digvijaya karake bhArata ke tIna khaNDoM ke adhikArI hote haiM aura isa prakAra arddhabharatezvara yA arddhacakravartI bana jAte haiN| yadyapi vAsudeva mRtyu ke bAda, prativAsudeva-vadha ke kAraNa, narakagAmI hote haiN| nau vAsudevoM meM lakSmaNa aura kRSNa vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aSTama vAsudeva lakSmaNa ke dvArA hI rAmaNa (rAvaNa) kA vadha darasAyA gayA hai / prativAsudeva svabhAvataH vAsudeva ke virodhI ke rUpa meM pradarzita hue haiM / jaina rAmakathA kI anyatama ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM vAnara aura rAkSasa donoM vidyAdhara- vaMza kI bhinna-bhinna zAkhAe~ haiM / prAcIna bauddhagAthAoM (dra. jAtaka : 436 tathA 510) tathA mahAbhArata ke bhI kaI sthaloM para vidyAdhara kA artha hai : AkAzacArI kAmarUpa aindrajAlika / rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA bRhatkathAmUlaka granthoM, jaise 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', 'vasudevahiNDI', 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' tathA 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM vidyAdhara alaukika zaktiyoM se vibhUSita hone ke kAraNa devayoniyoM ke antargata rakhe gaye haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' hI nahIM, apitu samagra jainakathAsAhitya meM vidyAdharoM kI bhUyaza: aura bhUrizaH carcA huI hai| hAlA~ki, rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM vidyAdhara kisI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate nahIM dikhAI par3ate / vibhinna camatkArI vidyAoM dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa hI inakI saMjJA 'vidyAdhara' huii| vAnaravaMzI vidyAdharoM kI dhvajAoM, mahaloM tathA chatoM ke zikhara para vAnaroM ke cihna vidyamAna the, isIlie ve vAnara kahalAye / 'bRhatkathA' meM, pAtra - pAtriyoM ke rUpa meM vidyAdharoM ke citraNa kA rahasya 'kathAsaritsAgara' (1.1.47-48) meM udghATita huA hai| pArvatI kI jijJAsA ke krama meM ziva ne kahA ki 'devi ! devatA sadA sukhI rahate haiM aura manuSya nitya duHkhI / isalie, unake caritra utkRSTa rUpa se manohara nahIM hote, isalie maiM divya aura mAnuSa donoM prakRtiyoM se mizrita vidyAdharoM kA caritra tumheM sunAtA huuN|' isa prakAra, mUla pravaktA ziva ke nirdezAnusAra, guNADhya ne apanI 'bRhatkathA' meM kathArasa ke paripAka kI dRSTi se sukha-duHkhamizrita prakRtivAle vidyAdharoM ko hI pAtra - pAtrI ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke pAtroM ke vidyAdharIkaraNa meM, nizcaya hI, 'bRhatkathA' kI paramparA kA prabhAva anuvarttita huA hai; kyoMki saMghadAsagaNI ke pAtra - pAtriyoM kI prakRti sukha-duHkhamizrita hai / phira bhI, lakSya karane kI bAta yaha hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne na kevala mizrita prakRti ke vidyAdharoM kA citraNa kiyA hai, apitu manuSya aura vidyAdharoM (arddhadevoM) ke jIvana kA samIkaraNa upanyasta kiyA hai| jaina rAmakathA prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza tInoM bhASAoM meM upanibaddha huI hai / kAlakramAnusAra, prAkRta meM vimalasUri (I. ke prathama zataka se tRtIya- caturtha zataka) kA 'paumacariya', saMskRta meM raviSeNa (saptama zataka) kA 'padmacarita' tathA apabhraMza meM svayambhU kavi (aSTama zataka) kA 'paumacariu' yA 'svayambhUrAmAyaNa' jaina rAmakathA ke vizAla dhArmika kAvyagrantha haiN| sampradAya-bheda kI dRSTi se jainoM ke zvetAmbara - sampradAya meM kevala vimalasUri kI rAmakathA kA samAdara hai, parantu

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110 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA digambara - sampradAya meM vimalasUri ke sAtha hI guNabhadra (navama zataka se pUrva) kI rAmakathA ( uttarapurANa : mahApurANa kA uttarArddha) bhI pracalita hai, phira bhI vimalasUri kI paramparA adhika AdRta hai / kahanA na hogA ki jainoM meM IsavI prathama zatI se AdhunikakAla taka rAmakathA kI avicchinna dhArA pravahamANa rahI hai|' Adhunika kAla meM AcAryazrI tulasI ne 'sItA kI agniparIkSA' likhakara rAmakathA kI prAsaMgikatA ko adyatanatA pradAna kI; kintu sAmpradAyika digbhrama. ke kAraNa vaha paThanIya kRti apekSita lokapriyatA se vaMcita hI raha gaI ! vimalasUri kI rAmakathA 'paumacariya' ko yadi dvitIya- caturtha zatI kI kRti mAnA jAya, taba to yaha 'vasudevahiNDI' kI samakAlIna siddha hogI aura yadi ise IsavI prathama zatI kA mAnA jAya, to kathAvastu kI tulanAtmakatA ke AdhAra para una donoM ke paraspara pUrvApara prabhAva ko vivecanA kA viSaya banAyA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rAmakathA (rAmAyaNa) atyanta saMkSipta hai aura aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jisa prakAra mahAbhArata meM, kRSNa kI atizaya vistRta kathA ke bIca rAmakathA ko kSepaka ke rUpa meM prAsaMgikatA - mAtra ke lie jor3a diyA gayA hai, usI prakAra kathAcatura saMghadAsagaNI ne vidyAdharavaMzIya meghanAda aura balI rAjAoM ke varNana ke krama meM, bar3I kuzalatA se, bhAratIya vAGmaya meM AryasaMskRti kI prathama kathA ke rUpa meM vyApaka pratiSThA prApta rAmakathA ko, samAsa- zailI meM sahI, prAsaMgikatA ke lie jor3a diyA hai| 'paumacariya' meM svayaM usake kartA ke kathanAnusAra sAta adhikAra' haiM : sthiti, vaMzotpatti, prasthAna, raNa, lavakuza (lavaNAMkuza)-utpatti, nirvANa aura aneka bhava / ye sAtoM adhikAra 118 uddezoM yA samuddezoM meM vibhakta haiN| isa prakAra, jainasAhitya meM mahApuruSoM ke caritra - lekhana meM navIna kAvyazailI ke upanyAsaka vimalasUri ne jahA~ vizAla rAmakathA likhI hai, vahA~ saMghadAsagaNI ne lagabhaga do sau paMktiyoM meM hI rAmakathA ko samAhata kara diyA hai| yadyapi, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rAmakathA para vimalasUri kA prabhAva parilakSita nahIM hotA / saMghadAsagaNI ne ise sarvathA svatantra rUpa se upanyasta kiyA hai, isalie isakI apanI maulikatA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pUrI mUlakathA magadha (rAjagRha) ke rAjA zreNika (bimbisAra) kI pRcchA ke uttara meM svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA kahI gaI hai, jabaki 'paumacariya' kI rAmakathA, vipulAcala ke manorama zikhara para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAnnidhya meM, unake pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara dvArA rAjA zreNika ke lie kahI gaI hai| 'paumacariya' ke anusAra, rAkSasarAja ratnazravA tathA usakI patnI kekasI ke cAra santAneM haiM : rAvaNa, kumbhakarNa, candranakhA aura vibhISaNa / kintu, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke anusAra, rAjA viMzatigrIva kI cAra patniyoM meM tIsarI kaikeyI se rAmaNa (rAvaNa) kumbhakarNa aura vibhISaNa - ye tIna putra tathA 1. jaina rAmakathA ke udbhava aura vikAsa-vistAra ke sAMgopAMga vivecanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie revareNDa DaoN. phAdara kAmila bulke- likhita ekamAtra AdhikArika evaM pAryantika kRti 'rAmakathA (utpatti aura vikAsa) ' draSTavya; pR. 60-71 / 2. ThiivaMsasamuppattI patthANaraNaM lavakusuppattI / nivvANamaNeyabhavA satta purANetya ahigArA // (1.32) 3. vIrassa pavaraThANaM viulagirImatthae maNabhirAme / taha iMdabhUikahiyaM seNiyaraNNassa nIsesaM // - paumacariya : 1. 34

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 111 trijaTA evaM zUrpaNakhI yA zUrpaNakhA - ye do putriyA~ utpanna huI haiN| 'paumacariya' meM 'dazAnana' nAma kI sArthakatA ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA haiM ki jaba ratnazravA ne pahale-pahala apane putra rAvaNa ko dekhA, taba zizu alaukika mAlA pahane hue thA / ratnoM kI kiraNoM se jagamagAtI isa mAlA meM pitA ko zizu rAvaNa ke aura mukha pratibimbita dikhAI par3e, isIlie isakA nAma dazamukha (dazAnana yA dazagrIva) rakha diyA gayA, kintu 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vaMzakramAgata rUpa meM viMzatigrIva kA putra dazagrIva hai / 'paumacariya' meM varNana hai ki apane mausere bhAI kA vaibhava dekhakara rAvaNa Adi bhAI tapa karane jAte haiM aura vidyAe~ prApta karate haiM; kintu 'vasudevahiNDI' meM apane sautele bhAiyoM - soma, yama Adi ke virodha ke kAraNa rAmaNa ke saparivAra laMkAdvIpa meM jA basane kI kathA citrita hai / 'paumacariya' meM rAvaNa mandodarI tathA anya chaha hajAra kanyAoM se vivAha karatA haiM, kintu 'vasudevahiNDI' ke rAmaNa kI sevA meM maya nAma kA vidyAdhara apanI putrI mandodarI ko svayaM lAkara arpita kara detA hai / 'paumacariya' meM, kharadUSaNa rAvaNa kA bhAI na hokara kisI anya vidyAdhara- vaMza kA rAjakumAra hai aura rAvaNa kI bahana candranakhA se vivAha karatA hai / kintu, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kharadUSaNa zUrpaNakhA kA putra hai, rAma ne strI ko avadhya mAnakara zUrpaNakhA ke kevala nAka-kAna kATakara use chor3a diyA hai aura yuddha ke lie Aye kharadUSaNa kA, rAma aura lakSmaNa milakara vadha kara dete haiM / anta meM, rAma ke sthAna para aSTama vAsudeva lakSmaNa ne rAmaNa ke dvArA prakSipta cakra ko hI bar3I nipuNatA se vApasa bhejakara kuNDala mukuTa - sahita samaNa ke sira ko chinna-bhinna kara dete haiM aura rAmaNa kA vaha cakra punaH lakSmaNa ke pAsa lauTa AtA hai| 'paumacariya' meM bhI lakSmaNa hI rAvaNa kA vadha karate haiM / isa sthala para vimalasUri aura saMghadAsagaNI - donoM ne jaina paramparA ke anusAra hI apanA varNanAgraha vyakta kiyA hai / paramparA kI bAdhyatA donoM ke lie mAnya huI hai / vimalasUri ne sItA ko janaka kI putrI ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne use maya vidyAdhara kI putrI mandodarI kI parityAjya putrI ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA hai / vimalasUri ne dazaratha kI kramaza: cAra rAniyoM - kauzalyA yA aparAjitA, sumitrA, kaikeyI aura suprabhA kI carcA kI hai, jabaki saMghadAsagaNI ne brAhmaNa-paramparA ke anusAra kauzalyA, kaikeyI aura sumitrA ina tIna rAniyoM kI | 'paumacariya' ke anusAra, zatrughna sumitrA ke putra haiM aura 'vasudevahiNDI' ke anusAra, bharata ra zatrughna kaikeyI ke putra haiN| 'paumacariya' meM sItA kI agniparIkSA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| agniparIkSA meM sItA saphala huI hai aura eka AryikA ke nikaTa jainadIkSA lekara svarga kI adhikAriNI banI hai / kintu 'vasudevahiNDI' meM isa prasaMga kI koI carcA nahIM hai / isa prakAra ke aneka prasaMga 'paumacariya' meM upalabhya haiM, jinakA saMghadAsagaNI kI rAmakathA se koI tAratamya nahIM milatA / uparyukta katipaya prasaMgoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'paumacariya' ke karttA vimalasUri ne rAmakathA kA jo citraNa kiyA hai, usake bahuta sAre aMza 'vAlmIkirAmAyaNa' se nitAnta bhinna haiM, kintu saMghadAsagaNI dvArA citrita rAmakathA vimalasUri kI rAmakathA se sarvathA bhinna hai / isalie, 'paumacariya' ko yadi 'vasudevahiNDI' kA pUrvavarttI mAnA jAya, to bhI usakA isapara koI bhI prabhAva parilakSita nahIM hotA /

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112 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA yo, 'paumacariya' kA racanAkAla nirvivAda nahIM hai| vibhinna vidvAnoM dvArA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se isakA kAla' IsApUrva dvitIya zataka se IsA ke caturtha-paMcama zataka taka nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| isalie, 'paumacariya' 'vasudevahiNDI' kA pUrvavattI, samakAlIna tathA paravattI bhI siddha hotA hai| jo bhI ho, kintu itanA nizcita hai ki saMghadAsagaNI 'paumacariya' kI kathA se avagata nahIM the, isalie unakI 'rAmAyaNa' pUrva kI paramparA se jur3I rahane para bhI usapara 'paumacariya' kA koI prabhAva nahIM hai| niSkarSaH __vastutaH, saMghadAsagaNI kI rAmakathA adhikAMzata: brAhmaNa-paramparA kI kathA se sAmya rakhatI hai| kathAkAra ne caudahaveM madanavegAlambha ke kathAprasaMga meM vaitADhya kI dakSiNa zreNI ke vidyAdhara meghanAda kI putrI padmazrI kI kathA ke vistAra ke krama meM apanI rAmakathA ('rAmAyaNa' ) ko eka avAntara kathA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, jisakA pUrvAparaprasaMga mUlakathA (padmazrI kI kathA) se jur3I huI hai aura jo lokAkhyAna se adhika mUlya-mahattva nahIM rkhtii| ___ aisI sthiti meM, yaha bAta spaSTataH ubharakara sAmane AtI hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' 'paumacariya' se pUrvavartI racanA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke racanAkAla ke pUrva bauddha jAtakoM aura 'vAlmIkirAmAyaNa' tathA 'mahAbhArata' kI rAmakathA kI parampara avazya vidyamAna thI aura saMghadAsagaNI ne isI paramparA kI rAmakathA ko AtmasAt karake ise apanI katipaya maulika aura navIna udbhAvanAoM ke sAtha, zramaNavAdI dRSTi se, puruSArthavAdI sAmAjika avadhAraNA ke pariprekSya meM, upasthApita kiyA hai| 'paumacariya' usa samaya racA gayA, jisa samaya jaina zramaNoM meM IzvaravAda yA avatAravAda ke khaNDana kA Agraha paryApta baddhamUla ho cukA thA / isalie, rAmAvatAra kI alaukikatA ko laukika pRSThabhUmi dene ke nimitta vimalasUri ne bauddhoM aura brAhmaNoM kI rAmakathA ko, sAtha hI usake sampUrNa mithakoM aura lokavizvAsoM ko bhI navakalpatA pradAna kI aura pUrvavartI sabhI rAmAyaNoM ko jhUTha; tarka evaM vizvAsa ke viruddha tathA paNDitoM ke lie azraddheya ghoSita kara diyaa| saMghadAsagaNI ke samaya jaina zramaNoM meM sAmpradAyika kadAgraha kadAcit tato'dhika baddhamUla nahIM huA thA, isIlie unhoMne apanI mahatkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM brAhmaNa-paramparA ko anekAntavAdI dRSTi ke anukUla nIra-kSIranyAya se AtmasAt kiyA hai| isIlie, usameM paravartI kAla ke AkramaNAtmaka saMkIrNa sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa kI apekSA bahulAMzata: sahAnubhUtipUrNa samatAmUlaka udAra bhAvanA ke divya darzana hote haiN| 1. 'paumacariya' ke kAla-nirdhAraNa ke prasaMga ke lie prAkRta-grantha-pariSad, vArANasI-5 (san 1962 I) dvArA __ prakAzita saMskaraNa kA bhUmikA-bhAga (pR.8-15) draSTavya hai| 2. taha vivarIyapayatthaM kaIhi rAmAyaNaM raiyaM / aliyaM pi savvameyaM uvavattiviruddhapaccayaguNehiM // na ya saddahanti purisA havanti je paNDiyA loe|-pumcriy : 2.116-17

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ (ga) rUDha yA mithaka kathAe~ saMskRta ke vibhinna sAhityazAstriyoM ne kathA kI saMracanA kA Adarza apane-apane DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai, jinameM daNDI, rudraTa, vyAsa, hemacandra aura vizvanAtha ke AdarzoM kA samanvaya karane para saMghadAsagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI', vidhA kI dRSTi se 'kathA' kI saMjJA Ayatta karatI hai / daNDI ke anusAra, kathA kavikalpita hotI hai| isameM vaktA svayaM nAyaka athavA anya rahatA hai / kathA meM AryA chandoM kI upasthiti rahatI hai| isameM kanyAharaNa, saMgrAma, vipralambha Adi kA varNana hotA hai / 1 rudraTa kA kathana hai ki kathA kI racanA gadya meM hotI hai| kathA ke Arambha meM devoM tathA gurujanoM kI chandobaddha stuti hotI hai| kathA kI racanA kA sAmAnya uddezya kanyA kI prApti hotA hai / vyAsakRta 'agnipurANa' ke mata se, mukhya kathA kI avatAramNA ke lie bhUmikA - rUpa meM dUsarI kathA kI yojanA kI jAtI hai aura pariccheda kA vibhAga nahIM hotA, kintu kahIM-kahIM para lambaka hote haiN| AcArya hemacandra ke AdarzAnusAra, sabhI bhASAoM meM gadya athavA padya meM dhIraprazAnta nAyakavAlI racanA kathA hotI hai| vizvanAtha kA kathAdarza hai ki kathA meM sarasa vastu gadya meM varNita hotI hai / kahIM-kahIM AryA chanda aura kahIM vaktra tathA apavaktra chanda hote haiM / prArambhaM meM, padyamaya namaskAra evaM khala Adi kA vRtta - kIrttana rahatA hai / " ukta kathAdarzoM kA samanvaya 'vasudevahiNDI' meM spaSTatayA samAviSTa hai / prAgaitihAsika pRSThabhUmi para kavi - kalpita evaM prAkRta-gadya meM racita isa mahatkathAkRti ke prArambha meM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha tathA paMcaparameSThI kA padyamaya namaskAra hai| bIca-bIca meM prAkRta kI gAthAe~ (saMskRta AryA ke sthAna meM) bhI haiN| isake, mUlata: dhIraprazAnta nAyaka vasudeva ne svayaM AtmakathA prastuta kI hai| lambaka (lambha)- baddha prastuta kathA kA uddezya kanyAprApti bhI spaSTa hI hai, jisake lie kanyAharaNa, saMgrAma, vipralambha Adi ke prasaMga bhI sahaja hI aura anivAryataH A gaye haiM / 'kathA' meM kanyAharaNa, vipralambha tathA abhyudaya jaise viSayoM ke samAveza kA samarthana bhAmaha ne bhI kiyA hai| kathA ke Adarza meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kathA nAyaka yA anya vyakti dvArA bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vasudeva ne apanI hiNDana - kathA svayaM kahI hai aura usake pUrva ke adhikAroM - kathotpatti (dhammillahiNDI), pIThikA, mukha Adi kI kathAe~ svayaM kavi ne 1. 'kAvyAdarza', 1.23 2. rudraTa : 'kAvyAlaMkAra' (paNDita namisAdhu kI TippaNI - sahita), 16. 20 3. mukhyArthasyAvatArAya bhavedyatra kathAntaram I paricchedo na yatra syAd bhavedvA lambakaH kvacit // - agnipurANa, 336. 15-16 113 4. dhIrazAntanAyakA gadyena padyena vA sarvabhASA kathA / ... yAvat sarvabhASA kAcit saMskRtena kAcit prAkRtena kAcinmAgadhyA kAcicchUrasenyA kAcit paizAcyA kAcidapabhraMzena badhyate sA kathA / -- kAvyAnuzAsana (san 19346), pR. 40 6 5. kathAyAM sarasaM vastu gadyaireva vinirmitam / kvacidatra bhavedAryA kvacidvapavaktrake / Adau padyairnamaskAraH khalAdervRttakIrttanam // - sAhityadarpaNa, 6.332-333 6. kanyAharaNasaGgrAmavipralambhodayAnvitA / -kAvyAlaMkAra

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114 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA yA anya vyakti ne kahI hai| isa mahatkathA meM mukhyakathA ke sAtha avAntara kathAoM kI anviti kA bhI bar3A nipuNa nirvAha huA hai| isa prakAra, sAhityazAstriyoM dvArA nirdhArita kathAdarza kI pratijJA (thIsisa) pUrI karanevAlI kathAkRtiyoM meM 'vasudevahiNDI' svata: eka sandarbha-grantha hai| kramabaddha kathA yA AtmakathA hone ke kAraNa 'vasudevahiNDI' kathA kI viziSTa vidhA kI dRSTi se AkhyAyikA koTi meM parigaNanIya hai| kyoMki, daNDI aura vizvanAtha ne 'AkhyAyikA' evaM 'kathA' meM koI maulika bheda nahIM mAnA hai| kathA kI hI dUsarI saMjJA AkhyAyikA hai| isalie, AkhyAyikA kathAvat hI hotI hai| AkhyAyikA meM hI AkhyAna aura upAkhyAna bhI simaTa Ate haiN| ataeva, AkhyAna yA upAkhyAna bhI kathA ke hI samAntara paryAya ke bodhaka haiN| (shesschaakhyaanjaatyH|-kaavyaadrsh, 1.28) isa prakAra, prAktana kAla meM kathA ke bhASA-mAdhyama, zailI, varNya viSaya Adi meM katipaya Adarza aura mAnyatAe~ rUr3ha ho gaI thIM, isIlie prAcIna kathA ko 'rUDhakathA' kI saMjJA prApta huii| jisa prakAra susaMskRta prAcIna kaviyoM dvArA grahaNa kI gaI paramparAgata mAnyatAe~ yA rUr3hiyA~, 'kavisamaya' yA 'kAvyarUDhi' ke nAma se carcita hotI haiM, usI prakAra kathAkAroM dvArA svIkRta paramparAgata varNana kI mAnyatAe~ 'kathArUDhi' yA 'kathAnaka-rUDhi' ke nAma se ghoSita haiM / rUDha kathAoM meM kathAnaka-rUDhiyoM kI sahaja sthiti hotI hai| kathAnaka-rUDhiyA~ lokakathA ke abhinna-anivArya aMga haiM aura cU~ki rUDhakathAe~ samagra rUpa se lokakathA yA lokAkhyAna hI hotI haiM, isalie lokakathA kI sampUrNa vizeSatAe~ inameM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| lokAkhyAna hone ke kAraNa hI 'kathA' meM prema, romAMsa aura mithaka ke sahaja saMgama kI sthiti nirantara banI rahatI hai| isalie, lokAkhyAna premAkhyAna ke paryAya hote haiN| aura isa prakAra, lokakathA, apane ukta viziSTa guNa-dharma ke kAraNa premakathA yA premAkhyAna.romAMsa-kathA rUDhakathA. mithaka kathA Adi vibhinna kathAvidhAoM kA manohara samAhAra huA karatI hai| kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' se na kevala prAkRta meM gadyabaddha kathA kI racanA-paramparA kA sUtrapAta huA, apitu kathA kI ukta samasta vidhAoM kA ekatra nidarzana bhI sambhava huaa| saMghadasagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' abhijAta kathAoM ke guNadharma kI pracuratA ke kAraNa uttama lokAkhyAnoM meM mUrdhanya hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA mUlata: kAmakathA hai, jo anta meM dharmakathA ke rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai| prAcIna rUDhakathA hone ke bAvajUda isakI adyatanatA yA ciranavInatA isa artha meM hai ki isameM Adhunika yugacetanA yA yugIna bodha kA pratinidhitva karanevAle vizvAsoM, prathA, paramparAoM tathA sAmAjika avadhAraNAoM kA sampUrNa viniyoga vidyamAna hai, jo samAja ke zikSita, alpazikSita aura azikSita janoM ke bIca Aja bhI pracalita haiN| manoraMjana, anizcayatA (saspensa) aura romAMsa ko eka sAtha upasthita karanevAlI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rUDhakathA kI paridhi meM bauddhika camatkAra, lokAnuzrutiyA~, purANagAthAe~, andhavizvAsa, lokavizvAsa, utsava, rItiyA~, 1. (ka) tat kathAkhyAyiketyeva jAtiH sNjnyaadvyaangkitaa|-kaavyaadrsh, 1.23 (kha) AkhyAyikA kathAvat syaat| sAhityadarpaNa,6.334 azAstrIyamalaukikaM ca paramparAyAtaM yamarthamapanibadhnanti kavayaH sa kvismyH| -rAjazekhara : 'kAvyamImAMsA', bi.rA. pariSada-saMskaraNa, dvitIya), pR.196

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 1 kalA-kauzala, lokanRtya-nATya Adi samasta tattva sammilita haiN| DaoN. satyendra ne isI prakAra kI kathA ko lokavArttA kahA hai| rUDhakathA meM lokakathA ke tattvoM kA antarmizraNa sahajabhAva se rahatA hai, isalie 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mUlakathA aura upakathAoM meM lokamAnasa kI sahaja abhivyakti huI hai, jisameM lokasaMskRti ke vAstavika pratibimba kA bar3A hI tIvra udbhava huA hai 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rUDhakathAoM kI sarvopari vizeSatA yaha hai ki inameM lokacetanA kI antaraMgatA lokamAnasa se gRhIta hokara bhI inakA UparI DhA~cA sAhitya kI zAstrIya mArmikatAoM para Azrita hai / inameM sArvabhauma stara para samAna rUDhiyoM aura abhiprAyoM kA upayoga huA hai, phalata: laukika saundaryabodha, lokacintA kI ekarUpatA aura sarvasAdhAraNa abhivyaMjanA - praNAlI kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAe~ vizva kI lokakathAoM se bhAvasAmya rakhatI haiM / 115 rUDhakathA aura kathArUDhiyA~ : rUDhakathAoM meM bAra-bAra vyavahRta honevAlI eka jaisI ghaTanAoM athavA eka jaise vicAroM ko kathArUDhi yA kathAnaka rUDhi kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| kathAnaka ke nirmANa aura vikAsa meM yoga denevAlI, bhUyobhUyatA ke sAtha AvRtta, ukta prakAra kI ghaTanAoM yA vicAroM kI sudIrgha paramparA hotI hai / udAharaNArtha, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kathAnAyaka vasudeva ko vidyAdhariyoM dvArA AkAza meM ur3A jAnA, antarikSa meM hI vasudeva ko pati banAne ke lie vidyAdhariyoM kA Apasa meM lar3anA aura vasudeva kA unake caMgula se chUTakara kabhI kisI bar3I jhIla meM yA kabhI kisI puAla kI TAla para A giranA eka ghaTanA hai| kintu isa prakAra kI, kathAnAyaka ko yA kisI rAjakumAra ko pariyoM dvArA AkAza meM ur3A le jAne kI ghaTanA 'vasudevahiNDI' kI hI nahIM hai, apitu, yaha 'bRhatkathA' kI paramparA se gRhIta hai aura yahI ghaTanA paramparA-krama se aneka kathAoM meM, vibhinna uddezyoM kI pUrti ke nimitta, ekAdhika bAra prayukta hokara lokapriya kathAnaka - rUDhi meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' aitihAsika paurANika vyakti ke nAma se sambaddha gadyamaya kathAkRti hai / parantu, anyAnya aitihAsika paurANika kathAoM kI bhA~ti mUlataH isameM bhI aitihAsika, paurANika aura nijandharI kathAoM kA mizraNa ho gayA hai / kathAnaka rUDhi kA vivecana karate hue AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne kahA hai ki " aitihAsika carita kA lekhaka sambhAvanAoM para adhika bala detA hai / sambhAvanAoM para bala dene kA pariNAma yaha huA hai ki hamAre deza ke sAhitya meM kathAnaka ko gati aura ghumAva dene ke lie kucha aise abhiprAya bahuta dIrghakAla se vyavahRta hote Aye haiM, jo bahuta thor3I dUra taka yathArtha hote haiM aura jo Age calakara kathAnaka - rUDhi meM badala gaye haiM / "2 isa sandarbha meM, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA bhI aitihAsika paurANika aura nijandharI kathAoM meM vizeSa pArthakya na dikhalAkara kevala sambhAvanAoM para bala diyA gayA hai| dvAravatI ke dazArha vasudeva kA vivAha aMgadeza kI zreSThipAlitA kalAvatI kanyA gandharvadattA se huA thA yA nahIM, isakI aitihAsika aura paurANika tathyAtmakatA ke prati kathAkAra Agraha nahIM rakhatA, vaha to vaisA hone kI sambhAvanA ko mUlya detA hai / vasudeva jaise bhramaNazIla abhijAta zalAkApuruSa se, yA phira 'bRhatkathAzloka 1. 'vrajaloka-sAhitya kA adhyayana', pR. 4 2. 'hindI-sAhitya kA AdikAla' (dvitIya saMskaraNa), caturtha vyAkhyAna, pR. 80

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116 vasadevahiNDI:bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saMgraha' ke anusAra, vidyAdharanareza naravAhanadatta se gandharvadattA kA vivAha nahIM hogA, to kisase hogA? isI prakAra, nIlayazAlambha meM, nIlakaNTha vidyAdhara ke, vidyA ke bala se mayUrazAvaka kA rUpa dhAraNa karane aura apanI pITha para nIlayazA ko baiThAkara ur3A le jAne kI sambhAvanA bhI asvAbhAvika nahIM haiN| puna: ikkIsaveM ketumatIlambha meM, surUpa yakSa ke, rAjA megharatha ko dharma se vicalita karAne ke lie, kabUtara aura bAja pakSiyoM ke zarIra meM manuSyabhASI ke rUpa meM anupraviSTa hone kI sambhAvanA bhI nirAdhAra nahIM hai| isa prakAra, sambhAvanA-pakSa para jora dene ke kAraNa, bahuta-sI kathAnaka-rUDhiyA~ bhAratIya sAhitya meM pracalita huIM, jinakA svIkaraNa 'bRhatkathA' ke jaina navyodbhAvaka saMghadAsagaNI ke lie bhI, apanI adbhata kathA ke prapaMca-vistAra ke krama meM anivArya ho utthaa| isa prakAra kI rUDhiyA~ na kevala kAvya aura kathAkSetra meM, apitu sampUrNa kalA-jagat-mUrti, citra, saMgIta aura sthApatya--meM bhI svIkRta huI haiN| isa prakAra, ye rUr3hiyA~ mUlata: kalA-rUDhiyA~ hI haiN| lokakalAoM--lokakAvya, lokakathA, lokanRtya, lokasaMgIta, lokacitra Adi meM bhI svatantra rUpa se aneka rUDhiyA~ athavA paramparAgata viziSTa praNAliyA~ hotI haiM, jinakI punarAvRtti meM zailiyoM kA nUtana vikAsa antarnihita rahatA hai| pAzcAtya dRSTi ke AlocakoM ne kathAnaka rUDhi ko 'phiksana moTiva' kA paryAya mAnA hai| pAzcAtya samIkSaka TI. ziple ne rUDhi yA abhiprAya (moTiva) kA tAtparya batalAte hue likhA hai ki 'moTiva' zabda se tAtparya usa zabda yA vicAra se hai, jo eka hI sA~ce meM Dhale jAna par3ate haiM aura kisI kRti yA eka hI vyakti kI bhinna-bhinna kRtiyoM meM eka jaisI paristhiti yA mana:sthiti aura prabhAva utpanna karane ke lie ekAdhika bAra prayukta hote haiN| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne, AcArya dvivedI ke vicAroM ke pariprekSya meM kathAnaka-rUDhi kA vizleSaNa karate hue, kahA hai ki kathAnaka-rUDhi kA artha hai-kathA meM bAra-bAra prayukta honevAle aise abhiprAya, jo kisI choTI ghaTanA (insIDeNTa) yA vicAra (AiDiyA) ke rUpa meM kathA ke nirmANa aura vikAsa meM yoga dete haiM / janasAmAnya ke vicAra yA lokavizvAsa para AdhRta ina rUDhiyoM kA vaijJAnika dRSTi se koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM hotaa| ___ jJAtavya hai ki sabhI kathArUDhiyA~ nirarthaka nahIM hotiiN| kucha aisI bhI rUDhiyA~ haiM, jinheM bilakula asatya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, inameM kucha tathyAMza bhI avazya rahatA hai, arthAt ye yathArtha se bhI sambaddha rahatI haiN| kathArUDhiyoM ke vizleSaNa se kathAoM ke upakaraNoM aura tattvoM para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| kisI rAjakumArI ko prApta karane ke lie sAta samudra pAra jAnevAlA rAjakumAra sAmAnya dRSTi se bhale hI asatya ho sakatA hai, kintu kathAtattva kI dRSTi se vaha ayathArtha nahIM hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' jaise ziSTa yA abhijAta koTi ke kathA-sAhitya meM upalabhya kathAnaka-rUDhiyA~ mUlata: lokasAhitya yA lokakathAoM kI dena haiN| paramparA-grathita lokakathAoM se asambaddha rUr3hiyA~ prAyovirala haiN| kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM ke mUla utsa ke rUpa meM aneka prakAra ke lokAcAroM, lokavizvAsoM aura lokacintAoM dvArA utpanna Azcarya se abhibhUta karanevAlI kalpanAoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina sabakA upayoga laukika evaM nijandharI kathAoM meM nirantara hotA rahA hai| 1. DikzanarI oNva varlDa liTarecara Tarma', pR.274 2. 'haribhadra ke prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kA AlocanAmatmaka parizIlana', pR. 261

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ isIlie, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI kI yaha dhAraNA ayuktiyukta nahIM ki loka-sAhitya meM kaI bAra prayukta evaM rUDha hokara ye rUDhiyA~ AcAra, vizvAsa evaM kalpanAoM dvArA abhijAta sAhitya taka pahu~cI haiM aura yahA~ Akara inheM eka nizcita rUpa prApta huA hai| ' pAzcAtya paNDitoM ne paramparAgata svIkRta bhAratIya kathAnaka rUDhiyoM kA bahukoNIya dRSTi se adhyayana kiyA hai, jinameM blUmaphIlDa kA nAma zikharastha hai| inake atirikta paiMgara, DablyU. nArmana brAuna Adi yUropiyana vidvAnoM ne isa dizA meM vizeSa parizrama kiyA hai / jarmana - paNDita beniphI kI kRtiyA~ bhI nijandharI kahAniyoM ke abhiprAyoM ke adhyayana meM vizeSa upayogI haiN| 117 viSaya kI dRSTi se kathAnaka rUDhiyA~ do prakAra kI hotI haiM : ghaTanApradhAna aura vicAra-vizvAsapradhAna / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rUDhakathAoM meM ina donoM prakAra kI kathAnaka rUDhiyoM kA prAcurya hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rUDhakathAoM meM prApya ina donoM prakAra kI kathAnaka - rUDhiyoM kI tIna zAkhAe~ spaSTa haiM : dhArmika rUDhiyA~, prema-sambandhI rUDhiyA~ aura yuddha-sambandhI rUDhiyA~ / yadyapi, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI samasta kathArUDhiyoM kA samAhAra mukhyataH laukika aura alaukika ina do vargoM meM ho jAtA hai / aura, isa dRSTi se, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM laukika aura alaukika kathArUDhiyoM kA adbhuta samanvaya upasthita huA hai / rUDhiyoM ke saMghaTTa se kathA meM camatkAra utpanna karane kI pravRtti saMghadAsragaNI kI nijI vizeSatA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM paramparA se pracalita pramukha dhyAtavya laukika-alaukika kathArUDhiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 1. vibhinna vidyAoM dvArA manobhilaSita kArya sampanna karanA athavA asambhava kArya ko bhI sambhava karanA / yogamadya aura yogavarttikA kA prayoga / 2. gupta rUpa se yA chala se nAyikA kA paranAyaka se avaidha praNaya yA yauna vyApAra / 3. gaNikA dvArA kAmI nAyaka se premavivAha aura gaNikA - mAtA dvArA nAyaka kA tiraskAra / 4. putrI, bahana aura mA~ kA pitA, bhAI aura putra se yauna-sambandha / 5. mA~ kA apane pAlita putra se kAma - prArthanA / 6. vezyA dvArA apanI avaidha santAna kA parityAga / 7. mAtA yA pitA dvArA santAna ke aniSTakArI hone kI sambhAvanA se use kisI abhijJAna (nizAnI yA pahacAna - cihna) ke sAtha yA vinA abhijJAna ke ratnamaMjUSA meM rakhakara jala meM pravAhita karanA / 8. manuSya kI vANI meM pazu-pakSiyoM kA sambhASaNa / 9. pUrvabhava ke sambandha kI smRti se utpanna rAga-dveSa kI parabhava meM pratikriyA / 10. jyotiSI kI bhaviSyavANI aura zubhAzubha zakuna / 11. AkAzavANI / 1. haribhadra ke prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana', pR. 262

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118 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 12. vezyA dvArA bahakAkara bhole-bhAle muni kA vivAha karA denA / 13. svarga se cyuta hone ke samaya devatA kA dyutihIna ho jAnA / 14. tIrthaMkara kI jJAna yA nirvANa prApti ke samaya caudahoM bhuvanoM yA tInoM lokoM kA prakAzita honA / 15. bhikSu ke lie dAna karate samaya dAtA gRhastha ke ghara meM paMcadivya kI utpattiM 16. rUpa - parivartana / 17. liMga parivartana | 18. parakAya- praveza / 19. muni kA zApa / 20. . deva dvArA vrataniSTha tapasviyoM kI parIkSA / 21. anAhAra se zarIra tyAga athavA AtmahatyA kI viphala ceSTA / 22. samAdhi dvArA mRtyu kA varaNa / 23. rAnI ke dohada (garbhakAla kI icchA) kI pUrti ke lie rAjA dvArA asAdhya-sAdhana kA saMkalpa aura usakA kAryAnvayana / 24. vezyA ke phande meM par3e hue putra ke lie mAtA-pitA kA zoka / 25. nAyaka yA nAyikA dvArA AtmahatyA kA prayAsa aura AkAzavANI yA muni ke Adeza se usa prayAsa se virata honA / 26. mitra kI kRtaghnatA / 27. samadhinoM kA jhagar3A / 28. sAsa kI bAta na mAnane se patohU kA durgaMjana / 29. sAsa dvArA patohU kA apamAna / karake zatru se yA mata hAthI ke AkramaNa se sundarI strI kA uddhAra / 30. yuddha 31. puruSadveSI nAyikA ko nAyaka dvArA anukUlita karanA / 32. vidyAdhariyoM dvArA nAyaka kA apaharaNa / 33. vidyAdharoM dvArA nAyikA kA apaharaNa athavA pati kA mithyA zava dikhalAkara strI ko vaza meM karanA / / 34. nAyaka ke sAtha pratinAyaka yA khalanAyaka kI zatrutA yA vaira / 35. nAyaka dvArA nAyikA kI satItva parIkSA / 36. bhAruNDa, garuDa Adi ke dvArA nAyaka kA sthAnAntaraNa / 37. nAyikA kI khoja meM nAyaka kA apAra kaSTa jhelanA evaM alabhya lAbha /

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 119 38. vidyAdhyayana karate samaya chAtra ko kisI sundarI dvArA apanI ora AkRSTa karanA aura chAtra dvArA usakA apaharaNa / 39. balapUrvaka sundariyoM kA apaharaNa / 40. mA~, pitA aura dAdA se putra aura pote kA hAsa-parihAsa aura unheM chakAnA / 41. bhAI-bhAI meM zartabandI aura bAjI jiitnaa| 42. suhAgarAta meM patnI ko cakamA denaa| 43. nirjana vana meM sundariyoM se sAkSAtkAra tathA sundariyoM ke nakha-zikha kA varNana / 4. AkAzacArI yantra dvArA AkAzamArga se yaatraa| 45. muniyoM kA AkAza meM udd'naa| 46. tapasyA dvArA mokSa kI prApti / 47. bhaMjana aura guTakA kI siddhi / 48. nAyaka dvArA abhibhAvakoM ko dhokhA dekara unakI putriyA~ prApta karanA / 49. nApaka ke guNoM para nAyikAoM kA samarpita honaa| 50. ossdhi-pryog| 51. strI kA prema-nivedana aura icchA pUrNa na hone para SaDyantra / 52. svapadarzana, citradarzana yA kIrtivarNana sunakara premAsakta honA / 53. dRSTAntoM dvArA kathAvastu kA vistAra aura svIkRta viSayavastu kA samarthana / 54. samudra-yAtrA aura jalayAna kA dhvasta hokara DUba jaanaa| 55. rAjA yA yuvarAja ke sAtha usake mantriyoM kI durabhisandhi / 56. paraloka aura dharmaphala meM vishvaas| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI uparyukta vibhinna kathAnaka-rUDhiyA~ digdarzana-mAtra ke lie yahA~ prastuta kI gaI haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM isa prakAra kI kathAnaka-rUDhiyoM kA mahAjAla bichA huA hai| phalataH, kathAnaka rUDhiyoM se samRddha 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rUDhikathAoM meM itihAsa-purANa aura kalpanA (phaikTa aura phikzana) kA adbhuta mizraNa hai / isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM saMghadAsagaNI ne kathAnaka rUDhiyoM se anuraMjita rUDhikathAoM dvArA rasasRSTi ke lie sambhAvanAoM aura kalpanAoM ke mahattva ko svIkAra karane kA tato'dhika Agraha pradarzita kiyA hai| prAcIna mahAkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mUla dhvani premAkhyAna kI hI hai| vizva meM premAkhyAnoM kI suvikasita evaM sudIrgha paramparA milatI hai| vizva kI pramukha bhASAoM ke katipaya pratinidhi premAkhyAnoM ke adhyayana aura vizleSaNa se vidvAn AlocakoM ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki vizva-bhara meM prApya premAkhyAna-paramparA kA Adisrota bhArata hai, yUnAna athavA koI anya deza nhiiN| isa dRSTi se guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' bhAratIya premAkhyAna kI AdijananI hai aura jisakA paravartI vikAsa

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' aura saMghadAsagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' aura taduttaravartI aneka saMskRta-hindI- premAkhyAnoM meM prApta hotA hai| isalie, hindI ke premAkhyAnoM ko phArasI - premAkhyAnoM para AdhRta mAnanA tarkasaMgata nhiiN| DaoN. suzIlakumAra phulla ThIka hI likhate haiM ki vAstava meM herodotasa evaM hiketiyasa nAmaka grIka-lekhakoM kI racanAoM meM isa bAta ke spaSTa pramANa milate haiM ki I.pU. chaThI zatI taka bhAratIya kathAe~ madhya eziyA se hotI huI yUnAna taka pahu~ca cukI thIM tathA vahA~ se hotI huI ye kathAe~ kramaza: samasta yUropa meM vyApta ho giiN| ' 120 premAkhyAna yA premakathA hI rUDhikathAoM kI janmabhUmi hai| isalie, rUDhikathAoM kA sambandha svabhAvata: 'romAMsa' se jur3a jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne 'romAMsa' para bar3I saghanatA aura suzliSTatA se vicAra kiyA hai jinameM jaoNrja beTamaina seNTsabarI ('insAiklopIDiyA briTAnikA, san 1965 I., khaNDa 19, pR. 438-440); DablyU. pI. kera ('epika aiNDa romAMsa', san 1957 I., pR.4); Ara. es. lUmisa tathA el. ec. lUmisa ('meDievala romAMseja', san 1957 I, prastAvanA, pR. 10); e. sI. gibsa ('miDla iMgaliza romAMsa', san 1966 I., pR. 7); DablyU. ec. haDasana ('en iNTroDakzana Tu di sTaDI oNva liTrecara, san 1967 I., pR. 108), jojepha TI. ziple ('insAiklopIDiyA oNva liTrecara, san 1946 I, khaNDa 1, pR. 211), ela. merI bArkara ('pIyarsa sAiklopIDiyA', san 1968, 69 I., pR. em-2); arnesTa e. bekara ('di hisTrI oNva iMgaliza nAvela', khaNDa 1, pR. 55), AyanavATa ('insAiklopIDiyA briTAnikA, khaNDa 16, pR. 676 ) Adi ke nAma ullekhya haiN| 2 'romAMsa' kI yathAprApya paribhASAoM yA AdarzoM ke anusAra, niSkarSa rUpa meM, usake viSaya aura zilpagata sAmAnya lakSaNoM ke bAre meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'romAMsa' kA kathAnaka videzaja, arthAt dUrastha deza yA sthAna athavA dUrastha vigata yA atIta kI pRSThabhUmi para AdhRta hotA hai / isameM khoja kA abhiprAya yA rUDhiyA~ nizcita rUpa se rahatI haiN| yaha khoja premikA yA kisI anya vastu kI ho sakatI hai| 'romAMsa' kA nAyaka zUravIra rahatA hai aura usake sAhasika parAkramoM tathA bhAvuka prema kA citraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isameM kAlpanika tathA parAprAkRtika tattvoM kA samAveza rahatA hai / kathA ke vikAsa kI apekSA usake pravarddhana yA lambA karane kI pravRtti pAI jAtI hai / isameM rahasyAtmakatA, kutUhala tathA svaira kalpanA ke lie paryApta avakAza rahatA hai / caritra-citraNa kI apekSA ghaTanAoM para hI adhika dhyAna diyA jAtA hai| isameM prema, dharma aura zaurya kA prAya: milA-julA rUpa rahatA hai| isameM vizuddha romAMsapradhAna svacchanda prema kA citraNa rahatA hai / 'romAMsa' kA varNana-mAdhyama gadya ho sakatA hai| zRMgArika prema-vyApAra kI pramukhatA, duHkhada evaM hAsyAspada ghaTanAoM kA sanniveza evaM sAhasika kRtyoM kA paridRzya ke rUpa meM citraNa romAMsa ke anivArya upAdAna haiM / ratyAtmaka prema-sambandhI ghaTanAoM ko abhUtapUrva sthAna evaM mahattva dene kA Agraha, nArI-varga ke prati romANTika zraddhA, darabArI sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa, atIta ke sAtha hI naitika guNoM, kSAtradharmI vyavahAra evaM vIratA kA AdarzIkaraNa Adi 'romAMsa' ke prathama pratipAdya viSaya haiM / kathA kI bhA~ti romAMsa evaM masanavI meM bhI upakathAoM, avAntara kathAoM aura antaHkathAoM kI yojanA rahatI hai| 1. dra. 'pariSad-patrikA', varSa 18 : aMka 3, akTUbara, 1978 I., pR. 65

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 121 uparyukta samasta lakSaNoM ke nikaSa para rakhakara 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rUDhikathAoM ko parakhA jAya, to spaSTa hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI kI isa bRhatkathAkRti meM, paraspara bahuzaH sAmya rakhanevAle kathAprakAroM, jaise premAkhyAna, premakathA, masanavI aura romAMsa ke lalita tattvoM kA eka sAtha adbhuta samAkalana upanyasta huA hai / aba yahA~ svatantra rUpa se, nidarzana- mAtra ke lie 'vasudevahiNDI' kI katipaya rUDhikathAoM kA vivecana prasaMgopeta hogA 1. vidyA yA jAdU jAnanevAle kalAvanta cora aura gRhasvAmI kI kathA (kathotpatti : pR. 7) jayapuravAsI rAjA vindhyarAja kA jyeSTha putra prabhava bar3A abhimAnI aura kalAvanta thA / apane choTe bhAI prabhu ko rAjya mila jAne se usakA abhimAna Ahata ho uThA / usane vindhyagiri kI tarAI meM jAkara apanA par3Ava DAlA aura cauryavRtti se vaha apanA jIvana nirvAha karane lagA / prabhava ne rAjagRhanivAsI jambU ke nAma aura vaibhava tathA usake vivAhotsava meM sammilita logoM ke bAre meM jAnakArI prApta kI aura corabhaToM ke sAtha tAlodghATinI vidyA se kivAr3I kholakara jambU ke ghara meM ghusa gyaa| vahA~ ke logoM ko 'avasvApinI' vidyA se sulAkara coroM ne vastra aura AbhUSaNa curAnA zurU kiyaa| gRhasvAmI jambU 'stambhinI' aura 'mocanI' ye do vidyAe~ jAnatA thA / usane vinA kisI ghabarAhaTa ke coroM se kahA : " Amantrita AgatoM ko mata chuo / " jambU ke bolate hI ve citralikhita yakSa kI bhA~ti stambhita hokara nizceSTa raha gye| bAda meM, jambU ne 'mocanI' vidyA dvArA coroM ko mukta kara diyA aura prabhava ne zrAmaNya-dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / coroM dvArA ' avasvApinI' vidyA ke prayoga kI kathArUDhi bhArata meM dIrghakAla se pracalita hai / isa prakAra kI kathA bhAratIya kathA - sAhitya meM bhUyaza: AvRtta huI hai| loka-vizvAsa hone ke kAraNa yaha lokarUDhi bhI hai / 2. gaNikA dvArA daridra nAyaka kA svIkAra aura gaNikA-mAtA dvArA tiraskAra ( dhammillacarita : pR. 28) kuzAgrapura ke sArthavAha surendradatta kA putra dhammilla apanI patnI kI ora se vimukha rahakara kevala zAstra ke anuzIlana meM hI samaya bitAtA thA / isase dhammilla ke mAtA-pitA bahuta cintita rahate the / isa bAta para dhammilla kI mA~ subhadrA aura dhammilla kI sAsa dhanadattA, arthAt donoM samadhinoM meM khUba kasakara jhar3apa bhI ho gaI / anta meM subhadrA ne apane beTe ko, 'upabhogarativicakSaNa' banAne ke nimitta, use vasantasenA nAma kI vezyA kI putrI vasantatilakA kI 'lalita goSThI' meM bharatI karA diyA aura prazikSaNa - zulkasvarUpa AdhA sahasra svarNamudrA pratidina vaha bhijavAne lagI / dhammilla vasantatilakA ke anurAga meM pUrNata: lipta ho gyaa| dhammilla ke bhaviSya nirmANa meM usake mAtA-pitA kI sArI sampatti naSTa ho gaI, phira bhI dhammilla vasantatilakA ke premapAza se apane ko mukta nahIM kara sakA / dhammilla ke mAtA-pitA vezyAsakta putra ke santApa meM ghula-ghulakara mara gaye aura dhammilla kI patnI yazomatI bhI apanA ghara becakara pitA ke ghara calI gii| eka dina,

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122 . vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vasantatilakA gaNikA kI mAtA vasantasenA ne dhammilla ko yogamadya pilAkara aceta kara diyA aura phira use adhanaMgI hAlata meM nagara se bAhara dUra le jAkara chor3a diyA gyaa| kintu, vasantatilakA daridra dhammilla ko pati ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara cukI thI, isalie usane pratijJA kI : "apane svAmI ke prati satpratijJa maiM apanI veNI bA~dhatI hU~, yaha mAnakara ki merA vaha priyatama hI Akara ise kholegaa|" isa kathA meM gaNikA dvArA daridra nAyaka kA svIkAra aura gaNikA-mAtA dvArA usakA tiraskAra to huA hI hai, sAtha hI vezyA ke phande meM par3e hue putra ke lie mAtA-pitA kA svayaM arjita zoka tathA samadhinoM ke jhagar3e kI kathArUDhiyA~ bhI citrita huI haiN| 3. duHkha ke kAraNa AtmahatyA kI viphala ceSTA (dhammillacarita : pR. 33-34) vezyA kI mAtA dvArA tiraskRta dhammila rAta-bhara nagara ke bAhara par3A rhaa| hoza meM Ane para jaba vaha apane ghara pahu~cA, taba use sArI vastusthiti kA jJAna huaa| vezyAoM kI kSaNika prIti, putra-viyoga se mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu, patnI kA ghara-dvAra becakara naihara calA jAnA Adi bAteM usake mana-mastiSka ko mathane lgiiN| anta meM prANatyAga karane ke vicAra se vaha eka jIrNa udyAna meM phuNcaa| vahA~ use eka talavAra mila gaI aura usI se vaha Atmavadha ke lie taiyAra ho gyaa| kintu, usI samaya kisI deva ne jhaTakakara talavAra ko usake hAtha se nIce girA diyaa| taba, usane lakar3I ekatra karake Aga lagA dI aura usI meM praveza kara gyaa| kintu vaha agnipuMja mahAhrada ke samAna zItala ho gyaa| usake bAda usane viSa khA liyA, lekina vaha bhI, sUkhI ghAsa kI taraha, usakI jaTharAgni meM jala gyaa| taba, vaha prANatyAga ke lie per3a kI phunagI se kUda par3A, kintu kaThora dharatI bhI usake lie rUI kA Dhera sAbita huii| isI samaya use AkAzavANI sunAI par3I : "sAhasa mata karo, sAhasa mata kro|" taba usane dIrgha ni:zvAsa lekara kahA ki "lagatA hai, merA maraNa nahIM likhA hai", aura phira socatA-vicAratA huA baiThA rhaa| - isa rUDhakathA meM duHkha ke kAraNa AtmahatyA kI viphala ceSTA kA citraNa to huA hI hai, kisI ajJAta-arUpa deva ke dvArA talavAra ko hAtha se jhaTaka denA, Aga kA jala kI taraha zItala ho jAnA, viSa kA bhI peTa meM paca jAnA, dharatI kI kaThoratA kA rUI kI komalatA meM pariNata ho jAnA aura AkAzavANI dvArA mRtyu se vimukha hone kI cetAvanI milanA Adi kaI camatkArI kathAnaka rUDhiyoM kA yugapat samAhAra huA hai| 4. vidyAbhyAsI chAtra dvArA sundarI kA apaharaNa (agaDadatta muni kI AtmakathA : pR. 35-36 aura 41-42) 'vasudevahiNDI' meM dhammillahiNDI ke antargata citrita agaDadatta kI AtmakathA bhI manoraMjaka aura camatkArI rUDhikathAoM se vyApta hai| agaDadatta, avantI ke rAjA jitazatru ke nItinipuNa sArathI amogharatha kA putra thaa| agaDadatta jaba choTA bAlaka thA, tabhI bhavitavyatAvaza usakA pitA mara gyaa| amogharatha kI jagaha rAjA ne amoghaprahArI nAma kA dUsarA sArathI niyukta kiyaa| agaDadatta kI mA~ ko yaha sahana nahIM huA aura usane putra se kahA, yadi tuma yogya hote, to apane pitA kI

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 123 jagaha niyukta hote / anta meM, agaDadatta kI mA~ ne use usake pitA ke mitra kauzAmbIvAsI dRDhaprahArI ke pAsa astra-zastra kI kalA sIkhane ko bheja diyaa| ___ chAtra ke rUpa meM agaDadatta, jisa samaya ekAnta meM, astra-zastra kA abhyAsa karatA, usI samaya par3osa ke hI yakSadatta kI lar3akI zyAmadattA use apanI ora AkRSTa karane ke nimitta phUla Adi pheMkakara mAratI / anta meM, donoM meM pragADha prema ho gyaa| aura, agaDadatta jaba astra-zastra kI vidyA meM nipuNa ho gayA, taba eka dina ujjayinI lauTate samaya usane zyAmadattA ko bhI apane ratha para baiThA liyaa| ujjayinI pahu~cakara usane rAjA jitazatru se bheMTa kI aura apanA paricaya diyA / rAjAne use usake pitA ke pada para niyukta kara liyaa| isa rUDhakathA meM vidyAbhyAsI chAtra dvArA, usakI ora AkRSTa sundarI ke apaharaNa kI rUDhi ke atirikta, pati ke mara jAne ke bAda usake pada para dUsare puruSa kI niyukti ko vidhavA dvArA sahana na kara pAne aura pratispardhAvaza isake pratikAra ke lie putra ko pitA ke tulya yogya banAne kI usakI sahaja cintA kA udbhAvana, kAmuka yuvatI kA yuvaka ko apanI ora AkRSTa karane kA prayAsa evaM balapUrvaka sundarI ke apaharaNa kI paramparAgata kathArUDhiyoM kA bhI Avarjaka nidarzana prastuta huA hai| 5. satItva-rakSA ke lie zIlavatI strI dvArA kAmuka puruSa kA vadha (dhammillahiNDI : dhanazrIkathA : pR. 49) ujjayinI ke vyApArI sAgaracandra kA vidyAbhyAsI putra samudradatta eka dina sleTa rakhane ghara ke bhItara gyaa| vahA~ usane apanI mA~ ko kisI parivrAjaka ke sAtha ramaNa karate dekha liyaa| usI samaya se use strIjAti ke prati virAga ho AyA aura usane vivAha na karane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| kintu, pitA sAgaracandra ne chalapUrvaka saurASTra deza ke girinagara ke nivAsI sArthavAha dhana kI putrI dhanazrI se usakA vivAha karA diyaa| parantu, sAgaradatta sohAgarAta meM dhanazrI ko cakamA dekara ghara se bhAga niklaa| bahuta dinoM taka vaha idhara-udhara bhaTakatA rahA aura anta meM eka dina nakha, keza aura dADhI bar3hAye bhikhamaMge ke veza meM girinagara lauTa AyA aura dhana sArthavAha ke udyAna meM mAlI kA kAma karane lgaa| mAlI ke rUpa meM usane udyAna ko sajA-sa~vArakara phUla-phala se samRddha banA diyaa| isase prasanna hokara dhana sArthavAha ne use snAna karAyA aura kapar3e pahanane ko diye| isake bAda use mAlI ke kAma se makta kara dakAna kI dekhabhAla karane kA kAma diyaa| vaha (samudradatta) Aya-vyaya meM tathA itra taiyAra karane meM kuzala thaa| dhIre-dhIre vaha nagara kA eka vizvasanIya vyakti ho gyaa| isake bAda vaha dhana sArthavAha ke bhANDAra kA prabhArI bana gayA aura 'vinItaka' nAma se apane ko prasiddha kiyaa| girinagara kA eka ArakSI-padAdhikArI (DiNDI) dhanazrI ke rUpa-yauvana se kAmAhata ho uThA aura vinItaka ke jariye use prApta karane kI ceSTA kI / dhanazrI ne vinItaka dvArA ArakSI-padAdhikArI ko apane 'azokavana' udyAna meM bulavAyA aura use yogamadya pilAkara behoza kara diyaa| usake bAda usane usIkI talavAra se usakA sira kATa ddaalaa| dhanazrI ke nirdeza se vinItaka ne kuA~ khodakara ArakSI-padAdhikArI ke zava ko usameM DAla diyaa|

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124 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___ anta meM dhanazrI ko vinItaka kA sahI paricaya prApta huA aura phira donoM sukhapUrvaka dAmpatya-jIvana bitAne lge| isa kathA meM satI aura asatI donoM prakAra kI striyoM kI cAritrika lokarUDhi para prakAza . DAlA gayA hai| sAtha hI, ArakSI-padAdhikAriyoM kI kAmukatA aura usake duHkhada pariNAma ko bhI ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| 6. pAlita putra ke prati mAtA kI kAmabhAvanA (pIThikA : pR. 91-92) vidyAdhara kAlasaMvara kI patnI kanakamAlA dvArA pAlita rukmiNI-putra pradyumna jaba pUrNa yuvA ho gayA, taba kanakamAlA usapara rIjha gaI aura kAma-manobhAvoM ko vyakta na kara pAne kI sthiti meM vaha kAmapIr3A se asvastha ho gii| pradyumna ne pUchA : "mA~, tumheM kaisI zarIrapIr3A hai ?" taba vaha bolI : "svAmI ! mujhe 'mA~' mata kho| tuma jisake putra ho, vahI tumhArI mA~ hai / " pradyumna ne kahA: "kyoM ulTI-sIdhI bAteM karatI ho? maiM kisakA putra haiM, jo isa prakAra kaha rahI ho?" kanakamAlA ne vastusthiti spaSTa kI : "hamadonoM pati-patnI ne tumheM bhUtaramaNa aTavI kI zilA para par3A dekhA thaa| vahIM se uThAkara tumheM apane ghara le Aye the| maiMne sunA thA ki kRSNa kI agramahiSI rukmiNI ke putra ko, paidA hote hI kisI ne curA liyA hai| kRSNa ke nAma se aMkita mudrA se maiM jAnatI hU~ ki tuma unhIM ke putra ho| tumheM kAmabhAva se cAhane ke kAraNa merI yaha dazA ho gaI hai|" pradyumna ne kanakamAlA ke isa kAma-prastAva ko ThukarA diyaa| taba, kanakamAlA ne use nirbhaya banAne ke lie prajJapti-vidyA sikhA dii| pradyumna ne prajJapti-vidyA ke siddha hone para bhI, kanakamAlA kI adamya kAmecchA pUrNa nahIM kii| taba, kanakamAlA ne usake vadha kA SaDyantra racA, kintu vaha prajJapti-vidyA ke bala se vahA~ se baca niklaa| isa rUDhikathA yA rUDhakathA dvArA 'bhramati ca bhuvane kandarpAjJA vikAri ca yauvanam' jaisI kathArUDhi-pradhAna kahAvata ko caritArthatA pradAna kI gaI hai| sAtha hI, nItikAra zukracArya kI isa rUDhanIti ko bhI sArthakatA prApta huI hai : suveSaM puruSaM dRSTvA bhrAtaraM pitaraM sutam / yoni: klidyati nArINAM satyaM satyaM vadAmyaham // isake atirikta, isa rUDhakathA meM strI kA nAyaka se prema-nivedana aura icchA pUrNa na hone para usake dvArA nAyaka ke vadha kA SaDyantra race jAne aura phira nAyaka ke apane vidyAbala se baca nikalane kI kathAnaka rUDhiyA~ bhI adbhuta rasa kI sRSTi karatI haiN| isa prakAra kI kathArUDhi bauddhoM ke 'mahApadmajAtaka' meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| rAjA brahmadatta ke yuvarAja padmakumAra (pUrvabhava kA bodhisattva) ke rUpa-saundarya para Asakta hokara usakI vimAtA ne usake samakSa ramaNa karane kA anucita prastAva rakhA thaa| kAmecchA kI pUrti na hone para vimAtA ne kumAra para balAtkAra kA mithyA doSAropaNa kara usakA sira kaTavA dene kA SaDyantra kiyaa|

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 125 7. pUrvabhava kI smRti kI parabhava meM pratikriyA (pratimukha : pR. 111) kaMcanapura ke do vaNik ratna arjita karane ke nimitta eka sAtha laMkAdvIpa gye| ratna arjita karake ve donoM pracchanna bhAva se sandhyA meM kaMcanapura lauTe / kuvelA meM kahIM koI rala chIna na le, isalie unhoMne use kaTareMganI ke jhAr3a ke nIce gAr3a diyA aura rAta meM ve donoM apane-apane ghara cale gye| subaha hone para una donoM meM eka vaNik kaTareMganI ke nIce par3e hue ratna ko cupake se nikAla le gyaa| usake bAda yathAnizcita samaya para donoM sAtha Aye aura ratna ko na dekhakara eka dUsare para zaMkA karate hue Apasa meM hAthApAI karane lge| phira, gusse meM Akara dA~toM se eka dUsare ko kATane lage aura patthara pheMka-pheMkakara Apasa meM lar3ate hue mara gye| marane ke bAda donoM duHkhabahula eka gati se dUsarI gati meM jAkara jaMgalI bhaiMse ho gaye aura phira paraspara sIMgoM se prahAra karate hue marakara baila ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| phira donoM Apasa meM lar3ate hue mare aura kAlaMjara pahAr3a para vAnaroM ke yUthapati ke rUpa meM paidA hue| vahA~ bhI janmAntara ke vaira kA smaraNa karate hue donoM lar3ane lage aura khUna se lathapatha hokara jamIna para gira pdd'e| sahasA vidyutsampAta kI taraha cAraNazramaNa vahA~ avatIrNa hue| unhoMne donoM vAnara-yUthapatiyoM ko vaisI avasthA meM dekha unheM samajhAyA ki tuma donoM ne krodha ke adhIna hokara vyartha hI tiryagyoniyoM kA bhoga karate hue bAra-bAra mRtyu ko prApta kiyaa| isalie, vaira kA anubandha chodd'o| nArakI, tiryagyoni aura kumanuSyoM ke bhava meM kleza pAne kI apekSA zAnta ho jAo aura jinavacana ke grahaNa ke sAtha pravrajyA dhAraNa karo, tabhI sugati prApta hogii| anta meM munivrata svIkara kara vrata kA pAlana karate hue donoM ne saudharma svarga meM devatva ko prApta kiyaa| puna: unameM se eka devaloka se cyuta hokara, manuSya-zarIra prApta karake, guru ke samIpa jinavacana sunakara zramaNa ho gayA aura dUsarA vAnarapati, karmanAza kI anicchA se, bubhukSA Adi pariSahoM ko sahatA huA jyotiSka devatA ho gyaa| karmanAza kI anicchA kI sthiti meM bhavAntara-prApti aura karmanAza kI icchA se bhavamukti isa dArzanika rUDhi kA pratiphalana isa rUDhakathA meM huA hai aura pUrvabhava ke vairAnubandha kI smRti se parabhava meM honevAlI duSpariNati to spaSTa hI hai| 8. paraloka aura dharmaphala meM vizvAsa (zyAmA-vijayA-lambha : pR. 115) vArANasI ke rAjA hatazatru kI alpavayaskA putrI sumitrA eka dina soI huI thI ki sahasA 'Namo arihaMtANaM' kahatI huI jAga utthii| taba bhikSuNiyoM ne use batAyA ki usane pUrvabhava ke saMskAravaza arhat ko namaskAra kiyA hai| sumitrA jaba sayAnI huI, taba use paraloka aura dharmaphala ke viSaya meM zaMkA utpanna huii| taba suprabha paNDita ne use paraloka meM vizvAsa utpanna karanevAlI do vaNikputroM kI kathA sunAte hue kahA ki zarIra naSTa hone para bhI devaloka meM tapasyA kA phala prApta hotA hai / yaha sunakara kumArI sumitrA ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki paraloka hai aura dharma kA phala bhI hai| isa rUDhakathA meM paraloka aura dharmaphala ke prati paramparAgata jana-vizvAsa kI sAmAnya avadhAraNA ko samudbhAvita kiyA gayA hai|

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126 vasadevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bahatkathA 9. deva dvArA vrataniSTha tapasviyoM kI parIkSA (zyAmA-vijayA-lambha : pR. 117-18) atisAra kA chadmarogI banakara eka deva vrataniSTha nandisena ke pAsa AyA aura use gAliyA~ detA huA bolA : "tumhArA hI AsarA lekara maiM aisI hAlata meM AyA hU~ aura tuma bhojanalampaTa banakara merI upekSA kara rahe ho? are abhAge ! tuma 'sevAkArI' zabdamAtra se hI santoSa karate ho !" nandisena ne prasannacitta rahakara devarogI se namratApUrvaka nivedana kiyA : "aparAdha kSamA kreN| mujhe AjJA deM, maiM ApakI sevA karatA huuN|" yaha kahakara usane mala se bhare rogI ke zarIra ko dho diyaa| aura, use nIroga hone kA AzvAsana dekara upAzraya (jainasAdhuoM ke AvAsa) meM le gyaa| rogI pade-pade use kaThora bAteM kahatA aura usakI bhartsanA karatA, lekina nandisena yantra kI bhA~ti nirvikAra bhAva se yatna kara rahA thaa| isake bAda devarogI ne usapara atyanta durgandhayukta mala kA tyAga kara diyaa| phira bhI, usane durgandha kI paravAha nahIM kI, na hI usake kaThora vacanoM kI koI ginatI kii| varan, vaha rogI ko mIThI bAtoM se sAntvanA detA huA, usakA nAja uThAtA huA, sevA meM lagA rhaa| nandisena kI saccI sevA- bhAvanA se devarogI prasanna ho gayA aura usane apanA azubha pariveza sameTa liyaa| usI samaya ghrANa aura mana ko sukha denevAle phUloM kI barasA huii| deva ne rogI kA pratirUpa chor3akara divya rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura nandisena kI tIna bAra pradakSiNA karake kSamA-yAcanA kii| deva dvArA vara mA~gane kA Agraha karane pera nandisena ne jinopadiSTa mokSamArga kI prApti kA vara maaNgaa| varadAna dekara deva calA gyaa| isa rUDhakathA meM devoM dvArA lI jAnevAlI parIkSA meM vrataniSTha vyakti kA saphala honA, vara prApta karanA, puSpavRSTi honA tathA devatva se manuSyatva kI zreSThatA siddha honA Adi kaI paramparAgata kathAnaka-rUDhiyoM kA vismayakArI viniyoga huA hai| sAtha hI, rAjA harizcandra tathA rAjA zibi Adi kI vaidika kathAoM kI rUDhiyoM se bhinna zramaNa-paramparA kI prastuta kathArUDhi, tato'dhika laukika jana-jIvana ke dharAtala para upasthApita huI hai| jJAtavya hai ki nandisena hI, rUpasI striyoM ke priya hone ke saMkalpa ke sAtha marakara mahAzukra svarga meM indrakalpa devatA huA aura vahA~ se cyuta hokara andhakavRSNi ke dazama putra vasudeva ke rUpa meM utpanna huA, jisake carita-citraNa ke nimitta saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' kI racanA kii| 10. azubha zakuna kI bhaviSyavANI (zyAmA-vijayA-lambha : pR. 119) vasudeva ATha varSa kI umra meM jaba kalAcArya ke nikaTa kalA kI zikSA grahaNa kara rahe the, tabhI kisI rasavaNik (dravapadArtha : madhu, itra, taila Adi kA vyApArI) ne unakI sevA meM bAlaka kaMsa ko sauMpa diyA aura vaha bAlaka bhI unake sAtha kalA sIkhane lgaa| eka dina jarAsandha ne vasudeva ke bar3e bhAI ke pAsa dUta bhejakara kahalavAyA ki 'siMhapura ke rAjA siMharatha ko yadi Apa bandI banA leMge, to Apako jIvayazA nAma kI putrI aura pradhAna nagara pradAna kiyA jaaygaa|' vasudeva ke mana meM icchA huI ki siMharatha kA vijaya svayaM vahI kareM, isalie unhoMne bar3e bhAI se AgrahapUrvaka

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 127 AjJA lekara, kaMsa ke sAtha siMhapura ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| siMharatha aura vasudeva meM ghora yuddha huaa| anta meM, vaha siMharatha ko bandI banAkara apane nagara meM le aaye| bar3e bhAI samudravijaya ne vasudeva kA bar3A Adara kiyA aura phira ekAnta meM le jAkara kahA : "suno kumAra ! krauSTuki naimittika (siyAra kI AvAja sunakara usapara vicAra karanevAlA jyotiSI) ne pUchane para batAyA hai ki kumArI jIvayazA donoM kuloM kA nAza karanevAlI hai, isalie vaha tumhAre yogya nhiiN|" isake bAda vimarzAnusAra, yuddha meM vasudeva kI sahAyatA karane ke puraskAra-svarUpa, vaha lar3akI kaMsa ko de dene kA nirNaya kiyA gyaa| phira, rasavaNik ko bulavAkara usase kaMsa kI prApti kI kathA sunAne kA Agraha kiyA gyaa| rasavaNik ne batAyA : "yaha bAlaka kA~se kI piTArI meM yamunA meM bahatA huA milA thaa| isake sAtha ugrasena nAma se aMkita mudrA thii|" jaba yaha bAta siddha ho gaI ki kaMsa ugrasena kA hI putra hai, taba use kumArI jIvayazA de dI gii| kaMsa ne jaba sunA ki janma lete hI use pitA ne pravAhita kara diyA thA, taba vaha bar3A ruSTa huA aura jarAsandha se varadAna meM mathurA nagarI mA~ga lii| phira, dveSavaza usane apane pitA ko bandI banA liyA aura svayaM rAjyabhAra saMbhAlane lgaa| isa rUDhakathA meM jyotiSI dvArA azubha zakuna ke AdhAra para bhaviSyavANI karane kI carcA to huI hI hai, sAtha hI pitA dvArA santAna ke aniSTakArI hone kI sambhAvanA se use pahacAna-cihna ke sAtha maMjUSA meM rakhakara jala meM pravAhita karane kI bhI kathArUDhi kA samAveza huA hai| isake atirikta, rAjaparivAra ke bar3e aura choTe bhAiyoM ke bIca gupta rAjanItika parAmarza kI paramparAgata kathArUDhi kA bhI viniyoga huA hai| isa prakAra kI ghaTanAe~ aitihAsika hoM yA na hoM, para 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kavihRdaya lekhaka kI kalpanA meM inakA AvirbhAva avazya huA thaa| 11. oSadhi-prayoga (gandharvadattA-lambha : pR. 138) cArudatta kI AtmakathA meM amitagati vidyAdhara ke lalATa para ThukI kIla ko oSadhi ke prayoga se nikAlane kI rUDhakathA paryApta manoraMjaka hai| cArudatta ne sAdhu se sunI huI kathA ko duharAte hue kahA ki vidyAdharoM ke pAsa rahanevAle camar3e ke ratnakoSa (baTue) meM AtmarakSA ke nimitta cAra oSadhiyA~ rahatI haiN| taba usake gomukha, harisiMha Adi mitroM ne amitagati vidyAdhara kA carmaratnakoSa kholA, to cAra usameM oSadhiyA~ dikhAI pdd'ii| oSadhiyoM ko sila para pIsA gayA, phira zalyavRkSa meM kIla cubhokara usapara pratyeka oSadhi kA lepa lagAkara alaga-alaga usakI parIkSA kI gii| parIkSA ke krama meM patA calA ki una oSadhiyoM meM koI zalya nikAlanevAlI hai, to koI saMjIvanI hai, to koI ghAva bhrnevaalii| cArudatta ke mitroM ne done meM auSadhi lekara use vidyAdhara ke lalATa meM ThukI kIla para cupar3a diyaa| dhUpa meM tapta kamala kI taraha kIla nikalakara dharatI para gira pdd'ii| isI prakAra, vidyAdhara ke hAthoM ko bhI kIlamukta kara diyA gayA, phira usake pairoM ko bhI kIla se mukti milii| usake ghAva para saMrohaNI (bharanevAlI) davA lagA dI gii| usake bAda jala ke chIMTe aura kele ke patte kI havA se use hoza meM le AyA gyaa| hoza meM Ate hI vidyAdhara uTha khar3A huaa|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA isa rUDhakathA meM oSadhi ke parIkSaNa ke bAda usake prayoga kI carcA kI gaI hai| isI prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne oSadhi prayoga dvArA ghor3e ke zarIra se zalya nikAlane kI kathA (dhammillacarita : pR. 53) kahI hai| oSadhi-prayoga kI yaha vidhi Ayurveda ke zAstrIya granthoM meM bhI mile, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai / yaha kavi kI kalpanA aura grAmINa vaidyoM kI paramparAgata cikitsA-praNAlI kA vicitra mizraNa hai / 128 saMghadAsagaNI ne oSadhi ke prabhAva se lar3akI ke liMga parivartana kI bhI kathA (puNDrAlambha : pR. 215) likhI hai / camaracaMcA nagarI ke rAjA pavanavega kI putrI citravegA thI / bacapana meM hI usakI jA~gha ko cIrakara usameM oSadhi bhara dI gii| lar3akI kramazaH bar3I hone lgii| usa oSadhi ke prabhAva se loga use lar3akA samajhate the| jaba vaha javAna huI, taba dhAI ne use isa rahasya ko batA diyA / use lar3ake ke rUpa meM tabataka pracchanna rakhane kA vicAra kiyA gayA thA, jabataka vivAha nimitta kisI zreSTha puruSa kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| lar3ake ke rUpa meM bhI vaha paryApta AkarSaka / eka bAra, jinotsava ke samaya, mandara zikhara para vidyAdhara garuDavega ne use dekha liyA aura lar3akI samajhakara vivAha-sambandha ke nimitta saMvAda - para saMvAda bhejanA zurU kiyaa| jaba usa lar3akI kA vAgdAna ho gayA, taba usakI jA~gha se oSadhi nikAla dI gaI aura phira saMrohaNI oSadhi ke prabhAva se usakA cIre kA ghAva bhara gayA aura vaha yathAvat pUrNa yuvA lar3akI ke rUpa meM parivarttita ho gii| isake bAda usakA bar3e ThATa-bATa se vivAha huA / prAcIna kathA-sAhitya meM, vaijJAnika zalyacikitsA paddhati se oSadhi-prayoga kI isa kathArU kI dvitIyatA kadAcit nahIM hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne jagaha-jagaha zalyacikitsA paddhati kA ullekha karake vaijJAnika kathArUDhi kI navIna paramparA kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai / brAhmaNoM ke purANoM meM jahu RSi dvArA apanI jA~gha cIrakara usameM gaMgA (jAhnavI) ko rakha lene kI mithaka kathA avazya AI hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ke yuga meM itane adhika vikasita aura vizada rUpa se prastuta kI gaI zalya-cikitsA-vijJAna kI camatkArI vArttA yA jA~gha cIrakara aura usameM oSadhi bharakara lar3akI ke liMga ko parivartita karane kI ghaTanA kI kalpanA sarvathA vismayajanaka hai aura Adhunika zalyacikitsA ke tato'dhika vikAsa ke yuga meM bhI isa taraha kI ghaTanA bahuta kama huA karatI hai, aura hone para akhabAroM kI surkhiyoM kA viSaya banatI hai ! budhasvAmI ne bhI apanI mahatkathAkRti 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI priyadarzanA - kathA (sarga 27) meM oSadhiyukta sone ke tAvIja ke prabhAva se lar3akI priyadarzanA ke liMga parivartana kI kathArUDha kA prayoga kiyA hai| 12. matta hAthI ke AkramaNa se bAlikA kA uddhAra (somazrI - lambha: pR. 221) vasudeva jaba mahApura nagara meM bhramaNa kara rahe the, tabhI nagara ko rauMdatA huA eka matavAlA hAthI (vidyunmukha AyA aura usane, indradhvaja kI pUjA dekhakara ratha para lauTatI huI yuvatiyoM meM se eka yuvatI bAlikA ko apanI sU~r3a se ratha se bAhara khIMca liyA / vasudeva ne bAlikA ko Azvasta karate hue pIche se hAthI para dhAvA bola diyA aura use vaha siMhAvali, dantAvali, gAtralIna, zArdUlalaMghana, pucchagrahaNa Adi hAthI khelAne kI vibhinna prakriyAoM se jaldI-jaldI ghumA-phi

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 129 lge| anta meM, hAthI vazaMvada hokara AlasI baila kI bhA~ti mandagAmI bana gyaa| parijana aura purajana vasudeva ko dhanyavAda dene lge| kucha striyA~ phUla aura gandhacUrNa bikherane lgiiN| ____ bAlikA prakRtistha hokara prasanna mukha se vasudeva ke pairoM para gira par3I aura bolI : "svAmI ApakA maMgala ho / svayaM akSatazarIra rahakara Apane mujhe hAthI ke mu~ha se bacA liyaa|" usake bAda kucha socakara bAlikA ne apanI cAdara vasudeva ko de dI aura vasudeva kI dI huI a~gUThI svayaM usane le lii| saMghadAsagaNI kI kathArUDhiyoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye kevala kathArUDhi ke upAdAnoM kA hI saMketa nahIM karatIM, apitu unake vivaraNa kI vizadatA meM gahare paiThatI haiM, sAtha hI kathA meM bhAvI ghaTanAoM ke prati utsukatA bhI jagA detI haiN| jaise : prastuta rUDhakathA meM kathAkAra ne matta hAthI ke AkramaNa se bAlikA ko bacAne kI bAta to likhI hI hai, sAtha hI hAthI ko vaza karane kI vidyA ke kaI sUtroM kI bhI carcA kI hai aura cAdara tathA a~gUThI kI adalA-badalI se bhAvI romAMsa kI ghaTanA kI sUcanA bhI dI hai| isa prakAra, saMzliSTa kathArUDhiyoM ke kuzala prayoktA saMghadAsagaNI ne hastividyA ke vizeSajJoM ke lie jahA~ zAstrIya adhyayana kI sAmagrI prastuta kI hai, vahA~ romAMsa kI pramukha vastu ratyAtmaka premabhAvanA ke sAtha hI vIratA ke AdazIkaraNa ke pakSa ko bhI ujAgara kiyA hai| isake atirikta, isa rUDhakathA meM prayukta nAyaka ke guNoM se AkRSTa hokara usapara nAyikA ke sahaja samarpita ho jAne kI pAramparika kathArUDhi yA abhiprAya kI sahaja sundaratA mana ko sahasA abhibhUta kara letI hai| 13. putrI ke sAtha pitA kA yauna sambandha (bandhumatI-lambha : pR. 275) potanapura meM dakSa nAma kA rAjA thaa| usakI bhadrA nAma kI rAnI se mRgAvatI nAma kI putrI utpanna huii| mRgAvatI jaba yuvatI ho gaI, taba usakI madavihvala A~khoM ko dekhakara usakA pitA dakSa kAmAtura ho uThA aura usane apanI usa putrI se patnI banakara sampUrNa rAjakoSa kI adhikAriNI hone kA Agraha kiyaa| lekina, putrI ne pitA ke kAma-prastAva ko pApa kahakara ThukarA diyaa| taba, dakSa ne mahApaNDita harizmazru ke mata ko uddhRta karate hue kahA ki deha se bhinna koI jIva nahIM hai| tuma rAjyalakSmI kI avamAnanA mata kro| isake bAda vaha bAlikA apane pitA kI zRMgArapUrNa mIThI bAtoM se phusalAve meM A gaI aura rAjA dakSa apanI putrI ke sAtha viSaya-sukha kA anubhava karatA huA vihAra karane lgaa| rAjA dakSa ne prajA (beTI) ko (patnI ke rUpa meM) svIkAra kara liyA, isalie vaha 'dakSa prajApati' kahalAne lgaa| prastuta rUDhakathA meM purANa kI prasiddha kathA ko nayA mUlya to diyA hI gayA hai, pApa-puNya kI bhAvanA kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai / isake atirikta, putrI ke sAtha pitA ke yauna sambandha kI sAmAjika asvIkRti ke bAvajUda kAmalipsA kI svArthasiddhi ke lie zAstra kI apane manonukUla bhUtacaitanyavAdI vyAkhyA karane kI vakrajar3atA tathA rAjA kI niraMkuzatA kI ora bhI kathAkAra ne saMketa kiyA hai / athaca, isa kathA se, strI ke, dhana ke lobha se puruSa ke bahakAve meM Akara usake sAtha yauna sambandha sthApita kara lene kI mAnasika durbalatA bhI apanI pUrI tIvratA ke sAtha udbhAvita

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130 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA 14. gupta rUpa se nAyikA kA nAyaka ke sAtha avaidha yauna vyApAra (priyaMgusundarI - lambha : pR. 292) indraketu nAmaka vidyAdharanareza ke puruhUta aura vAsava nAma ke do putra the / vAsava apanI viziSTa zakti se nirmita airAvata para savAra hokara AkAzamArga se sampUrNa bhAratavarSa kA paribhramaNa karatA huA gautama RSi ke ramaNIya Azrama meM utarA / gautama kA pUrvanAma kAzyapa thA / gomedha yajJa karane ke kAraNa unase anya sabhI tapasvI ruSTa ho gaye aura unhoMne unheM andhakUpa meM DAla diyA / kAndarpika deva maharSi gautama ke purAne mitra the / unheM jaba isa bAta kI sUcanA milI, taba vaha vRSabha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara kue~ ke pAsa Aye aura unhoMne apanI pU~cha andhakUpa meM laTakA dI / maharSi gautama usa pU~cha ko pakar3akara bAhara nikala Aye aura tabhI se 'andhagautama' kahalAne lge| maharSi gautama se unake devamitra kAndarpika ne kahA: "deva amoghadarzI hote haiM / tumheM jo icchA ho, vara mA~go / " taba maharSi ne tapasvI viSTAzrava kI patnI menakA kI putrI ahalyA ko patnI ke rUpa mA~gA / devoM ne maharSi ko ahalyA dilavA dI / tapasvI gautama ne apane Azrama se haTakara rAjA ayodhana kI rAjyasImA meM avasthita ramaNIya jaMgala meM apanA Azrama bnaayaa| rAjA ayodhana devAjJA se prerita hokara bhAra meM anAja (cAvala) bharavAkara gautama RSi kI sevA meM pahu~cavAne lage / indraketu kA putra vAsava strIlolupa thaa| vaha gautama RSi ke parokSa meM unakI patnI ahalyA ke sAtha sambhoga karane lgaa| eka bAra jaba vaha sambhogarata thA, tabhI maharSi gautama phala, phUla aura samidhA lekara vApasa aaye| maharSi ko dekhakara vAsava Dara gayA aura usane baila kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA / kintu gautama RSi sahI vastusthiti ko jAna gaye aura parastrIgamana ke doSa ke kAraNa unhoMne vAsava ko mAra DAlA / prastuta rUDhakathA meM apane pati ke parokSa meM patnI kA parapuruSa se yauna sambandha aura pati dvArA jAra (parapuruSa) kA vadha ke atirikta, rUpa-parivartana, vidyAbala se airAvata para car3hakara AkAza meM vicaraNa, gomedhayajJa kA sArvajanika virodha Adi kathArUr3hiyoM kA bhI ekatra samAhAra huA hai, sAtha hI isa prasiddha paurANika kathA kA jaina dRSTi se laukika kathAbhUmi para punarmUlyAMkana bhI apanI abhinava ruciratA aura rocakatA ke kAraNa vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai / 15. vidyAbala se nAyikA kA vazIkaraNa (ketumatI- lambha: pR. 348) parivrAjaka-bhakta rAjA jitazatru kI rAnI kA nAma indrasenA thA / vaha magadharAja jarAsandha kI putrI thii| rAjA ke antaHpura meM parivrAjakoM kA abAdha praveza thaa| eka bAra aisA huA ki rAjA kA atizaya AdarapAtra zUrasena nAmaka parivrAjaka rAnI ke prati Asakta ho utthaa| usane apane vidyAbala se rAnI ko apane vaza meM kara liyaa| rAjA ko jaba isa bAta kI sUcanA milI, taba usane zUrasena parivrAjaka ko maravA ddaalaa| parivrAjaka ke prati Asakta indrasenA viyogAtura rahane lagI aura usI sthiti meM vaha pizAca se AviSTa ho gaI / 'bhadanta ko dekhU~gI, isa prakAra bakatI huI vaha dina-rAta vilApa karatI rahatI / bandhana, rundhana, yajJa, dhUnI dvArA avapIDana, oSadhi-pAna Adi kriyAoM se bhI cikitsaka use prakRtistha nahIM kara sake /

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131 vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ sasura jarAsandha ke nirdezAnusAra, rAjA jitazatru ne indrasenA ko bandhana, rundhana Adi se mukta kara diyaa| isake bAda rAjA ne indrasenA ko mRta parivrAjaka kI haDDiyA~ dikhalAkara usase kahA ki 'yahI tumhArA priyatama hai|' taba indrasenA ne haDDiyoM ko cunakara aura unheM kapar3e se bA~dhakara mAlA banAI aura use apane gale meM laTakA liyaa| usake bAda rAjA ke kaMcukiyoM ne paricArikAoM ke sAtha use Azrama meM le jAkara chor3a diyaa| anta meM vasudeva ghUmate-ghAmate usa Azrama meM pahu~ce aura tApasoM ke Agraha karane para unhoMne apanI viziSTa zakti se indrasenA ko pizAca ke Aveza se mukta kara diyA aura vaha phira rAnI banakara jitazatru ke anta:pura meM rahane lgii| prastuta rUDhakathA meM nAyikA ke parivrAjaka kI vidyA se vazIbhUta hone kI cirAcarita kathArUDhi ke atirikta, nAyikA ke pizAcAviSTa hone aura usake lie laukika bhUta-cikitsA kiye jAne tathA viziSTa zakti se usake prakRtistha hone Adi kaI lokarUDhiyoM kA eka sAtha citraNa huA hai| jaisA pahale kahA gayA hai, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM parigumphita upariprastuta laukika evaM alaukika rUDhakathAe~ nidarzana-mAtra haiN| isa mahatkathA kI pAramparika evaM kavi-kalpita kathArUDhiyA~ eka svatantra zodha-adhyayana kA viSaya hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI romAMsabahula kathAnaka-rUDhiyA~ to anullaMghanIya krozazilA ke samAna haiM, jinako mArgadarzaka mAnakara paravartI prAkRta-gadyasAhitya kI abAdha yAtrAe~ huI haiN| ina kathA-yAtrAoM meM AcArya haribhadrasUri (aSTama-navama khaSTazataka) kI 'samarAiccakahA' ( 'samarAdityakathA') apanI pAMkteyatA kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rUDhakathAoM yA abhiprAyoM meM lokarUDhiyoM aura pUrvabhava kI smRtiyoM ko AdhAra banAkara sambhAvanAoM ko pRthula vistAra diyA gayA hai, jo bhAvapravaNa kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI saTIka kalpanA se mUrtita hokara vibhinna bimboM aura vicAra-citroM meM pariNata ho gaI haiN| ataeva, arthagrahaNa aura bhAvagrahaNa kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI saMvegoM kI saghanatA se avaguNThita rUDhakathAe~ lokajIvana kA sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka sAdhAraNIkaraNa upasthita karatI haiN| sAtha hI, ye apanI citrAtmakatA aura bimbadharmitA kI aindriya anubhUti kI abhivyakti se isa prakAra sampanna haiM ki hamArI dRSTi, zravaNa, ghANa, sparza aura rasanA ko eka sAtha anuraMjita kara detI haiN| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI rUDhakathAoM meM, utkRSTa kalpanA-zakti dvArA bhAva aura vastuzilpa ko eka navIna sandarbha yA anukrama dekara aneka mArmika chaviyoM kA AdhAna kiyA hai| mithaka-kathA : rUDhakathA ke paryavekSaNa ke krama meM kathArUDhi kI vivecanA ke bAda pratyAsatyA mithaka-kathA kA paryAlocana apekSita hai| kathArUDhi aura mithaka ye donoM hI rUDhakathA se antaraMgatA ke sAtha sambaddha haiN| kathArUDhi yadi laukika vizvAsoM para AdhRta hotI hai, to mithaka kA AdhAra hotA hai dhArmika vizvAsa / 'mitha' yA 'mithaka' kA vizleSaNa karate hue DaoN. kumAra vimala ne kahA hai ki " 'mitha' meM dharma kI taraha vizvAsa kI vyavasthA pradhAna rahatI hai| 'mitha' kI mukhya vizeSatA

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132 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA yaha hai ki vaha nandatika mUlyoM se sampRkta aneka Adya pratIkoM kA guccha huA karatA hai| aneka dhArmika aura pAramparINa anusaraNazIla bimboM ke guccha ko hI hama 'mitha' kahate haiN|" kaoNlarija, jaoNrja vaile, henarica jimmara Adi pAzcAtya paNDitoM ke mitha-viSayaka mantavyoM ke anuzIlana ke pariprekSya meM DaoN. kumAra vimala ne apanI dhAraNA spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki 'mitha' meM prAya: mAnavetara kathAe~-vizeSakara devatAoM ke caritra aura kAryakalApa-pradhAna rahatI haiN|" 'mitha' meM mithyAtattva kI adhikatA aura samAja kI maukhika paramparAoM se sambaddha rahane kI pravRtti pAI jAtI hai| isake atirikta, mitha meM koI-na-koI 'moTipha' (vicAra-vaiziSTya) antarnihita rahatA hai, sAtha hI sAMgopAMga kathArUDhi bhI samAhita rahatI hai| isIlie, 'mitha' aura kathArUDhi meM koI spaSTa yA sthUla vibhAjaka rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sktii| kathArUDhi kI bhA~ti mitha bhI lokajIvana kI sAmUhika cetanA kI hI upaja hai| isa dRSTi se purANakathA, kalpita kathA yA dantakathA Adi ko 'mitha' kA yA 'mithaka' kathA kA paryAya mAna sakate haiN| mitha kI dantakathAtmakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI DaoN. kumAra vimala kahate haiM ki mitha kI prArambhika avasthA meM kapola-kalpanA kA tattva adhika rahatA hai| isI prasaMga meM mitha kI vyutpatti kI sArthakatA dikhalAte hue unhoMne likhA hai ki 'mitha' grIka zabda 'mAithosa' se banA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai muMha se nikalA huaa| isIlie, 'mitha' kathA yA galpa se bhI jur3A huA hai| isa prakAra, 'mitha' eka aisI jAtIya kalpanA hai, jise bAda meM calakara dhArmika vizvAsoM ne svAyatta kara liyaa| paramparA se sambaddha rahane ke kAraNa mithaka aura pratIka meM dhyAtavya sAmya hai| pratIka adhikAMzata: dharmabhAvanA aura mitha se sambaddha rahate haiN| mithaka-pratIka kI pRSThabhUmi meM vyakti-vizeSa kI nahIM, apitu samudAya-vizeSa kI dhArmika aura jAtigata yA sampradAyagata dhAraNAe~ tathA andhavizvAsa kriyAzIla rahate haiM / jaise, pustaka yA vINA sarasvatI ke lie, kamala yA kalaza lakSmI ke lie, bilvapatra yA trizUla ziva ke lie tathA tulasIpatra yA cakra viSNu ke lie mithaka-pratIka kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate haiN| jaina purANoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke bhI apane-apane mithaka-pratIka nirdiSTa hue haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI baladeva aura vAsudeva ke sambandha meM paurANika zruti kA sahArA lete hue kahA hai ki paravartI kAla meM donoM rAjA prajApati ke putra acala aura tripRSTha ke rUpa meM utpanna hue the : "iyANiM baladeva-vAsudevA payAvaissa raNNo puttA ayala-tiviThThatti, esa tAva porANA sutI (pR. 311) / " isa prakAra, dharma-bhAvanA aura paurANika dRSTi para nirbhara hone ke kAraNa mithaka kathAe~ svabhAvata: prAgaitihAsika huA karatI haiN| DaoN. rameza kuntalamegha' parIkathA (pheyarI Tela), pazukathA (phebala), lokakathA (phokaTela) aura nijandhariyoM (lIjeNDsa) jaise kathArUpoM kI bIja-cetanA tathA mUla utsa mithaka-kathA ko mAnate haiN| 1. saundaryazAstra ke tattva', pR. 252 2. uparivat, pR. 252-53 3. levisa spensa : 'di AuTalAina oNva mAitholaoNjI', pR.1 4.(ka) 'saundaryazAstra ke tattva', pR. 253 (kha) eDavina honiMga : 'DArka kaoNnsiyeTa', landana, san 1959 I, pR. 24 5. pariSad-patrikA',janavarI, 1978 I. (varSa 17 : aMka 4), pR.93

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 133 unake anusAra mithaka mAnava-jAti ke sAmUhika svapna evaM sAmUhika anubhava haiN| ye avacetana kI upaja aura tarkapUrva (pri-laoNjikala) cintana ke rUpa haiN| mithaka kI yathArthatA punIta hotI hai aura yaha punIta yathArthatA satya bhI hotI hai / isa dRSTi se mithaka AsthA para Azrita eka haThAt vizvAsa (meka-bilIpha) hai| mithaka ke pAtra aura ghaTanAe~, kAla aura deza sabhI punIta hote haiM / ataeva, mithakIya cetanA aitihAsika cetanA ko to vismRta karAtI hai, lekina apane svabhAva evaM saundaryabodhAtmaka kAraNoM se hamArI AtmacetanA ko jagAtI hai| mithaka kathA manuSya meM Adima saralIkRta pratibodha jAgarita karatI hai, arthAt svapna ke sImAntoM meM le jAkara manuSya kI Adima jAgarUkatA ko unmiSita karatI hai| phraoNyaDa kA sandarbha upasthita karate hue DaoN. rameza kuntalamegha ne kahA hai ki phraoNyaDa ke mata se mithaka - nirmiti aura svapna - nirmiti eka jaisI hai / mithakoM ke bahirvRtta meM pratIkArtha kA rahasyAtmaka avaguNThana par3A hotA hai, jisako manovaijJAnika saghanIkaraNa, sthAnAntaraNa, viparItoM meM rUpAntaraNa Adi kI vidhiyoM dvArA kholA jA sakatA hai / kula milAkara, mithaka-kathAe~ 'punIta saMskRti' kI AdhArabhUmi haiM / ' mithakoM meM sabase adhika pracalita pariyoM yA vidyAdhariyoM kI kathAe~ haiM / phraoNyaDavAdI manovizleSaka rikalina ne mithaka evaM parIkathA ke abhiprAyoM kA viziSTa adhyayana kiyA hai / inakI AdhArabhUmi yathArtha duniyA nahIM hotI, balki ye zaizava phAntAsiyoM ko jAdU kI DoroM se bunatI haiN| DaoN. rameza kuntalamegha' ne kahA hai ki parIkathAoM meM mithakIya kAla evaM deza kI nirvikalpa cetanA upasthita rahatI hai / arthAt, inameM eka samaya, eka sthAna ora eka rAjakumAra yA koI sundara rAjakumArI yA kahIM kI parI kendra meM hotI hai| inameM atiprAkRtika jAduI sammohana aura mAnavIya bholepana kI kAnta maitrI hotI hai| inameM kama-se-kama eka pAtra parI avazya hotI hai| aura bahudhA eka rAkSasa yA khalanAyaka yA pratinAyaka yA pratidvandvI bhI hotA hai, jo kramazaH mAnavIya svapnoM evaM AkAMkSAoM tathA bhayoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| inameM mAnavIya pAtra pazu yA pakSI meM rUpAntarita hokara 'idam' kI damita icchAoM kA udAttIkaraNa karate haiM / inakA kendrIya bhAvabodha kutUhala hai, tathA inakA anta barAbara sukhAnta hotA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne mithaka kathA ke rUpa meM parI yA apsarA kI jagaha vidyAdhariyoM kI kathAoM kA Akalana bar3e romANTika DhaMga se kiyA hai| caudahaveM madanavegAlambha (pR. 229) kI kathA hai : eka dina vasudeva sambhoga-sukha ke AsvAda kI thakAvaTa ke kAraNa soye hue the ki ekAeka zarIra ThaNDI havA lagane se jaga par3e aura anubhava kiyA ki unheM koI harakara AkAzamArga se le jA rahA hai| vaha kucha cintita ho rahe the ki tabhI sAmane eka puruSa dikhAI pdd'aa| gaura se dekhane para patA calA ki vaha unakA pratidvandvI, unakI hI preyasI vegavatI kA bhAI, mAnasavega hai| unake mana meM dhAraNA ba~dhI ki durAtmA mAnasavega unheM mAra DAlane ke lie kahIM le jA rahA hai| basa, marane aura mArane kI bhAvanA meM Akara unhoMne usapara mukke se joradAra prahAra kiyA / usake bAda vaha mAnasavega adRzya ho gayA / vaha bhI nirAdhAra hokara gaMgA nadI ke jala kI sataha para gira pdd'e| isa mithaka-kathA ke kendra meM vegavatI nAma kI vidyAdharI hai| cU~ki, vasudeva ne mAnasavega kI icchA ke viruddha vegavatI ko svAyatta kara liyA thA, isalie vaha unakA pratidvandvI bana gayA thA / 1. ' pariSad-patrikA', janavarI 1978 I. (varSa 17 : aMka 4), pR. 95 2. uparivat, pR. 95

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134 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA mithaka-kathAoM kI kAla evaM deza kI nirvikalpa cetanA kA udAharaNa vegavatIlambha ke prArambha (pR. 247) meM prApta hotA hai| vidyAdhara-loka ke ariMjayapura ke pravAsakAla meM eka bAra vasudeva se unakI madanavegA nAma kI preyasI rUTha gii| vaha, use manAne ke upAyoM para soca rahe the ki tabhI zUrpaNakhI vidyAdharI madanavegA kA chadmarUpa dhAraNa kara vasudeva ke pAsa AI aura usane mahala meM kRtrima agnikANDa kA bhayaMkara dRzya upasthita kara diyA aura usI halacala kI sthiti meM vasudeva ko sAtha lekara AkAza meM ur3a gii| usa vidyAdharI ne kucha dUra AkAza meM le jAkara vasudeva ko chor3a denA cAhA, tabhI unhoMne dekhA ki unakA pratidvandvI mAnasavega unheM pakar3ane ko apanA hAtha bar3hA rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM, chadma madanavegA unheM chor3akara mAnasavega para prahAra karane lgii| mAnasavega bhAga gayA aura vasadeva bhI cakkara khAte hae rAjagaha meM jAkara puAla kI TAla para gire / prastuta mithaka-kathA meM vidyAdhara-loka se martyaloka Ane meM deza aura kAla kI nirvikalpa cetanA to spaSTa hI hai; kendrIya bhAvabodha kutUhala bhI paryApta uddIpta hai| ___mAnavIya pAtra kA pazu yA pakSI meM rUpAntarita hokara 'idam' kI damita icchAoM ke udAttIkaraNa kA udAtta rUpa cauthe nIlayazAlambha (pR. 181) meM pratibimbita milatA hai| nIlayazA vidyAdharI zaizava meM hI nIlakaNTha vidyAdhara kI vAgdattA bana cukI thI, kintu yuvatI hone para vaha vasudeva kI pariNItA ho gii| tabhI se nIlakaNTha pratikriyA meM rahane lgaa| nIlayazA ke sAtha sukhabhoga karate hue vasudeva vaitADhya parvata para dina bitA rahe the| usI samaya nIlayazA ne vasudeva ko salAha dI ki vaha vidyAdharoM kI vidyA sIkha leM, anyathA vidyAdhara unheM parAjita kara deNge| apanI priyA nIlayazA se anumata hokara, vasudeva vidyA sIkhane ke nimitta priyA ke sAtha hI vaitADhya parvata para utare aura vahA~ ke ramaNIya pradezoM meM ghUmane lge| tabhI nIlayazA ne mayUrazAvaka ko vicarate hue dekhaa| usake candrakayukta paMkha bar3e cikane citra-vicitra aura manohara the| yaha vasudeva ke nikaTa Akara vicarane lgaa| use dekhakara nIlayazA bolI : "Aryaputra ! isa mayUrazAvaka ko pakar3a liijie| yaha mere lie khilaunA hogaa|" vasudeva mayUrazAvaka ke pIche laga gye| mayUrazAvaka kabhI ghane per3oM ke bIca se aura kabhI jaMgala-jhAr3a se bharI kandarAoM se hokara bar3I tejI se cala rahA thaa| taba, vasudeva ne nIlayazA se kahA : "maiM mayUrazAvaka ko pakar3ane se asamartha huuN| yaha bar3I phuratI se adRzya ho jAtA hai| tuma ise apane vidyAbala se pkdd'o|" nIlayazA daur3I aura vidyA ke prabhAva se mayUrazAvaka kI pITha para jA baitthii| mayUrazAvaka use apanI pITha para liye dUra nikala gayA aura phira AkAza meM ur3a gyaa| vasudeva socane lage : "rAma mRga ke dvArA chale gaye the aura maiM mayUra ke dvArA / nizcaya hI, nIlakaNTha ne merI priyA kA apaharaNa kara liyA !" / ___anta meM, deza-dezAntaroM kA hiNDana karate hue vasudeva ko nIlayazA mila jAtI hai aura isa mithakIya cetanAvAlI kathA kA anta sukhAnta hotA hai| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI kI mithakIya cetanAvAlI vidyAdhariyoM kI kathAoM meM sadguNoM kA vijaya pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH, mithakIya parIkathAe~ zizuoM ke sahaja sukhabodha tathA nyAyabodha kI dhAtrI ke samAna hotI haiN| mithakIya cetanAvAlI parIkathAoM meM ratyAtmaka romAMsa ke bAvajUda naitikatA kA madhura jhInA avaguNThana rahatA hai, sAtha hI unameM Adima nirbAdhita sAhasa aura ziSTa chala-kapaTa kA mizraNa

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 135 bhI pAyA jAtA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke caritanAyaka vasudeva svayaM nirbAdha sAhasa ke pratirUpa haiM aura unheM aMgAraka, hephphaga, mAnasavega Adi vidyAdharoM aura mAtaMgavRddhA, zUrpaNakhI Adi vidyAdhariyoM ke ziSTa chala-kapaTa kA bAra-bAra sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| mithaka kathA meM mithakIya cetanA se anubaddha pazukathAe~ bhI parigaNita hotI haiN| DaoN. rameza kuntalamegha kI dhAraNA hai ki pazukathAoM kA mUlarUpa ToTema (bandhutA-virodha) meM antarnihita hai| ataeva, ye kabIloM ke ApasI sambandhoM ko mitra evaM zatrupakSa ke pazuoM ke mAdhyama se prakaTa karane ke lie vyavahRta huI hoNgii| kAlAntara meM kRSi-saMskRti ke vikAsa ne inameM kabIlAI anubhavoM ke sthAna para vikasanazIla anta:sAmAjika anubhavoM kA samAveza kara diyA hogaa| pazukathAoM ke pramukha pAtra pazu-pakSI-vRkSa-nadI-parvata Adi hote haiM, jo apane svabhAva ke anusAra AcaraNa karate haiM aura mAnuSI bhASA kA vyavahAra karate haiN| pazukathAoM meM sAmAjika yathArthatA kI kaThora mImAMsA huI hai aura vyavahAravAdI dRSTAntoM ke AdhAra para naitika upadeza bhI diye gaye haiN| isa sandarbha meM, hAthI ke bhava meM sthita siMhasena kI kathA (pR. 256 : bAlacandrAlambha) udAharttavya hai : sAdhu siMhacandra kI upadeza-vANI sunakara hAthI ke bhava meM sthita siMhasena ne AjIvana brahmacArI rahane kA vrata liyA aura paMcanamaskAra-dhAraNapUrvaka aNuvrata ko svIkAra kiyaa| eka bAra vaha daladala meM pha~sakara bAhara nikalane se asamartha ho gyaa| aisI sthiti meM usane AmaraNa anazana kA nizcaya kiyaa| - idhara, camarI mRga ke bhava meM sthita purohita zrIbhUti kA zarIra jaMgalI Aga se jhulasa jAne ke kAraNa, vaha marakara vairAnubandhajanita janma-paramparA meM kukkuTa sarpa ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| bIca jaMgala meM pahu~cane para usa sarpa kI najara hAthI para pdd'ii| ruSTa hokara sA~pa ne hAthI ko kATa khaayaa| jaba viSa pUrA car3ha AyA, taba hAthI namaskAra-mantra japane lagA aura socane lagA : "yahI uttama samaya hai; merA zarIra mujhase bhinna hai aura maiM zarIra se bhinna huuN|" isa prakAra prazasta dhyAna meM avasthita hAthI mRtyu ko prApta kara mahAzukra kalpa ke zrItilaka vimAna meM satraha sAgaropama kAlAvadhi ke lie deva ho gyaa| isa mithaka kathA meM pazuoM kI manuSyavat cintana-zakti aura unakA dharmAcaraNa (mantrajapa, aNuvrata ke upadeza kA grahaNa Adi) mithakIya bodha ke mithyAtattva aura dharmabhAvana kI ora saMketa karate haiM; kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne isa mithakIya bodha ko pUrvabhava ke saMskAra kI bauddhika cetanA para AdhRta karake usameM vizvAsyatA utpanna kI hai| phalata: dhArmika AsthA para vizvAsa haThAt Azrita ho jAtA hai| isI sandarbha meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kI 'gopadAraka-kathA' (kathotpatti : pR. 13) kA bhI ullekhanIya mahattva hai : aMga-janapada meM pracura gAya-bhaiMsavAle gvAle rahate the| eka bAra caroM ne gozAlA para AkramaNa kara diyaa| ve cora eka prathamaprasUtA rUpavatI yuvatI ko bhI, use usake navajAta bacce se alaga kara, hara le gye| unhoMne use zahara (campAnagara) le jAkara vezyA ke bAjAra meM beca diyaa| yuvatI kA navajAta putra vaya:krama se javAna huA aura campAnagara jAkara ghI kA vyApAra karane lgaa| vahA~ usa gopadAraka ne vezyAgRha meM taruNa puruSoM ko svacchanda krIr3A karate dekhaa| usane icchita yuvatI ke sAtha vihAra ke vinA apane dhana ko vyartha smjhaa| vezyAgRha meM vezyAoM ko 1. pariSad-patrikA',janavarI, 1978 I. (varSa 17 : aMka 4), pR.96

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136 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA nirakhane-parakhane ke krama meM use apanI mAtA hI pasanda A gii| usake lie usane icchita zulka bhI diyaa| ___ sandhyA meM nahA-dhokara jyoMhI vaha apanI vezyA-mAtA ke pAsa calA, tyoM hI eka devI bachar3e ke sAtha gAya kA rUpa dharakara usa gopadAraka ke samakSa A khar3I huii| gopadAraka ne apane azaci-lipta gande paira ko bachar3e para rakhakara poMchane lgaa| usa bachar3e ne manuSyavANI meM gAya se pUchA : "mA~, yaha kauna AdamI apane azuci-lipta gande paira ko mujhapara rakhakara poMcha rahA hai?" gAya ne kahA : "beTe ! gussA mata kro| yaha abhAgA apanI mA~ ke pAsa akRtya karane jA rahA hai|" yaha kahakara devI adRzya ho gaI aura pratibodhita gopadAraka usa nIca kRtya se virata ho gyaa| prastuta mithaka-kathA kI mithakIya cetanA ke anusAra, isake pAtra gAya-bachar3e apane svabhAva ke anusAra AcaraNa karate haiM aura mAnuSI bhASA kA vyavahAra karate haiN| ataeva, yaha pazukathA naitika upadeza dene ke sAtha-sAtha vyaMgyAbhAsa (AyaranI) dvArA sAmAjika AlocanA bhI karatI hai| sAtha hI, isameM dharma ke mithakIkaraNa (mAitholAijezana) kA bhI sUtra khulatA hai| isa kathA meM mithakoM kA naitikIkaraNa (ethikalAijezana) bhI huA hai, isalie samagotrarati kA niSedha bhI kiyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga meM nItizlokoM kA pATha karanevAle bhAnu ke sugge aura zAmba kI mainA kI mithakIya bodhavAlI kathA (mukha : pR. 105) ko bhI udAhRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yA phira, gandharvadattAlambha kI, usa bakare kI kathA (pR. 149) ko nidarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai, jise vasudeva ne namaskAra-mantra ko hRdayaMgama karane kA upadeza diyA thA aura bakare ne apane azrupUrNa mukha ko unake prati praNAma kI mudrA meM jhukAkara upadeza ko svIkRta karane kA bhAva pradarzita kiyA thaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM isa prakAra kI aneka pazukathAe~ haiM, jinameM mithakIya parIkathA tathA nijandharI lokakathA kI sandhi upasthita huI hai| nijandhariyA~ bhI mithakIya bodhavAlI kathAoM ke pratirUpa haiN| loka-sAhitya evaM AbhijAtya-sAhitya kI sandhibhUmi para avasthita nijandhariyoM meM itihAsa evaM lokatattva kA samanvaya hotA hai| aitihAsika evaM saundaryabodhAtmaka sAmagrI ko lokatattvoM ke tAnoM-bAnoM meM bunakara nijandhariyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| mithakIya cetanA se yukta nijandhariyA~ deza aura kAla ke akSa se vimukta nahIM hotI, apitu inakI aitihAsika cetanA deza evaM kAla ke akSoM ko thor3A adala-badala detI haiN| DaoN. rameza kuntalamegha ne kahA hai : "nijandharI meM khuda itihAsa hI romAMsa kI ora purAgamana karatA hai tathA nijandharI abhiprAya (lIjeNDarI moTivja) itihAsa ke samaya, pAtra, ghaTanA, anubhava, deza, samasyA Adi kA sAmAnyIkaraNa kara dete haiN| ye sAmAnyIkRta abhiprAya mAnavIya vRttiyoM ke rUpaka evaM vAhaka bhI ho jAyA karate haiN| isalie, kula milAkara nijandhariyA~ grAmya-saMskRti kA saMzleSaNa huA karatI haiN| mithaka aura nijandharI meM sUkSma antara yaha hai ki eka yadi prAgaitihAsika hotA hai, to dUsarI aitihAsika romAMsa kA sUtrapAta karatI hai| AcArya saMghadAsagaNI-racita 'vasudevahiNDI' kI aitihAsika yA paurANika-dhArmika kathAoM meM lokatattva kA adbhuta samanvaya pAyA jAtA hai| isa sandarbha meM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhasvAmI ke 1. pariSad-patrikA' (vahI), pR. 97 /

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 137 janmotsava kI kathA (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 158 ) uddharaNIya hai : eka dina nAbhikumAra kI patnI marudevI bahumUlya zayyA para sukha se soI huI thI / svapna meM usane AkAza ke A~gana se vRSabha ko utarate dekhA / svapna meM hI vaha socane lagI ki kyA yaha calane-phiranevAlA rajataparvata hai yA ujjvala megha ? jaba vaha nikaTa AyA, taba usake prazasta manohara mu~ha, A~kha, kAna, khura, sIMga, kakud aura pU~cha ko dekhakara marudevI cakita raha gaI aura jyoMhI vaha ja~bhAI lene lagI, vRSabha usake mu~ha meM praveza kara gyaa| use taba aura Azcarya huA ki usake mu~ha meM vRSabha ke praveza kara jAne para bhI, tanika bhI zarIra-pIr3A nahIM huI, varan parama sukha prApta huaa| isake bAda vaha jaga par3I / phira, nIMda A jAne para svapna meM marudevI ne aura teraha divya dRzya dekhe / isa prakAra, kula caudaha svapna dekhane ke bAda vaha jagI / nAbhikumAra ne svapnaphala batAte hue kahA : " tumane uttama svapna dekhA hai, tuma dhanya ho / nau mahIne bItane para tuma hamAre kulakara puruSoM meM pradhAna, trailokyaprakAzaka, bhAratavarSa ke tilaka- svarUpa putra ko janma dogii|" bhagavAn RSabhasvAmI pUrvabhava meM vajranAbha the / unhoMne tIrthaMkara nAma gotra Ayatta kiyA thA / sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM taiMtIsa sAgaropama kAla taka uttama viSayasukha kA anubhava kara vaha, candramA jaba uttarASADha nakSatra meM thA, marudevI kI kokha meM avatIrNa hue| nAbhi kulakara kI patnI marudevI deva-deviyoM se samAdRta hokara sukhapUrvaka tIrthaMkara kA garbha vahana karane lgii| samaya pUrA hone para usane caitra kRSNa aSTamI ke dina uttarASADha nakSatra meM taptakAMcanavarNAbha sarvamaMgalAlaya puruSazreSTha putra ko janma diyA / usake bAda adholokavAsinI ATha dikkumAriyA~ apane-apane avadhijJAna se tIrthaMkara ke janma kI bAta jAnakara divyagati se marudevI ke ghara phuNcii| unhoMne tIrthaMkara aura marudevI kI vandanA karake janmotsava ke nimitta 'saMvarttaka' nAmaka vAyuvizeSa se pavitra kiye gaye eka yojana parimaNDala meM autsavika pradeza kA nirmANa kiyA aura ve gIta gAtI huI khar3I rahIM / phira, Urdhva lokavAsinI ATha dikkumAriyoM ne Akara gandhodaka kI varSA kI / punaH rucaka (deva- vimAna) se ATha dikkumAriyA~ AIM aura hAtha meM jhArI liye namratApUrvaka khar3I rahIM / phira, pazcima deva - vimAna se ATha dikkumAriyA~ tAlavRnta hAtha meM liye aaiiN| usI prakAra uttara deva - vimAna se ATha dikkumAriyA~ cAmara hAtha meM liye AIM / isake bAda rucaka deva-vimAna kI upadizA se cAra vidyutkumAriyA~ AIM aura cAroM vidizAoM meM dIpikA hAthoM meM liye khar3I rhiiN| tadanantara, deva - vimAna ke madhya meM rahanevAlI cAra dikkumAriyA~ saparivAra zreSTha vimAna se aaiiN| unhoMne jinamAtA marudevI kI vandanA karake use apane Ane kA prayojana btaayaa| phira, unhoMne tIrthaMkara kA jAtakarma saMskAra prArambha kiyA : navajAta ke nAbhinAla ko cAra aMgula chor3akara kATa DAlA aura usa kaTI huI nAbhi ko dharatI meM gAr3a diyA, phira usa gaDDhe ko ratna aura dUrvA se bharakara usapara vedI banA dI / usake bAda unhoMne apanI vaikriyika zakti se dakSiNa, pUrva aura uttara- ina tInoM dizAoM meM marakatamaNi kI bhA~ti zyAmala AbhUSaNoM se maNDita kadalIghara kA nirmANa kiyA / aura phira, kadalIghara ke madhyabhAga meM kalpavRkSa kI, svarNajAla se alaMkRta catuzzAlA banAI / usameM unhoMne putrasahita jinamAtA ko maNimaya siMhAsana para baiThAkara krama se tela- ubaTana lgaayaa| phira, dakSiNa-pUrva dizA meM le jAkara unhe trividha (zIta, uSNa aura dravyamizrita) jala se snAna karAyA aura phira uttarI catuzzAlA meM gozIrSa candana aura araNI kI

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138 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA lakar3I se AvirbhUta agni meM havanakArya sampanna kiyaa| isa prakAra, dikkumAriyA~ rakSAkArya pUrA karane ke bAda mAtA-putra ko janmabhavana meM livA lAIM aura maMgalagIta gAtI huI khar3I rhiiN| usI samaya devarAja indra parivAra-sahita jyotirmaya 'pAlaka' vimAna se tIrthaMkara kI janmabhUmi meM padhAre aura unhoMne jinamAtA marudevI kI vandanA karake, use avasvApinI vidyA se sulA diyA aura usake pArzva meM kumAra kA pratirUpa vikurvita kara rakha diyA, tAki marudevI vizvasta bhAva se soI rhe| usake bAda indra jina bhagavAn ko Adara-sahita apane pa~caraMge kara-kamala ke bIca acchI taraha rakhakara, mandarAcala ke zikhara kI bhA~ti, dakSiNa digbhAga meM pratiSThita parvatavizeSa ke zikhara kI 'atipANDukambalazilA' para kSaNabhara meM hI le gye| vahA~ unhoMne jinadeva ko zAzvata siMhAsana para baiThAyA aura svayaM khar3e rhe| caturvidha deva (vaimAnika, jyotiSka, bhavanapati aura vyantara) jina bhagavAn ke nikaTa jAkara vandanA karane lge| tadanantara, acyutendra (113-12veM devaloka ke svAmI indravizeSa) ne parituSTa hokara vidhipUrvaka kSIrodasAgara ke jala se pUrNa sATha hajAra svarNakalazoM se jinendra ko snAna kraayaa| usake bAda krama se sauSadhimizrita jala aura tIrthoM ke jala se bhI abhiSeka kraayaa| lokanAtha tIrthaMkara ke abhiSeka ke samaya deva prasanna mana se ratna, maNi aura phUloM kI varSA karane lge| acyutendra ne snAna karAne ke bAda tIrthaMkara ko vastra evaM AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyaa| phira usane svastika likhe aura atizaya sugandhiyukta dhUpa jalAyA, phira zrutimadhura svaroM meM stuti karake paryupAsanA meM laga gyaa| isake bAda aneka indroM ne bhI tIrthaMkara kI sAdara pUjA-vandanA kii| tadanantara devarAja indra pUrvavidhi se kSaNabhara meM tIrthaMkara ko unakI mAtA marudevI ke samIpa le aaye| pratirUpa putra ke haTate hI marudevI kI nIMda khula gaI aura indra ne 'jaya' zabda kA uccAraNa kiyaa| __usake bAda surapati ne eka jor3A rezamI vastra aura kuNDala sirahAne meM rakha diyA aura sarvavighnazamanakArI zrIsampanna phUla kI mAlAe~ bhavana kI chata se laTakA diiN| phira, vipula ratnarAzi dekara tathA bhaviSya meM rakSA ke nimitta apanI sevA arpita karane kI ghoSaNA karake indra apane loka meM cale gye| zeSa deva bhI jinendra ke praNAma se puNya-saMcaya arjita karake apane-apane sthAna ke lie vidA ho gye| __ aneka kathArUr3hiyoM se saMkula prastuta mithaka-kathA eka ora laukika vizvAsoM se vyApta hai, to dUsarI ora isameM dhArmika vizvAsa kA vipula viniyoga bhI huA hai| aneka dhArmika aura pAramparINa anusaraNazIla bimboM ke guccha se AcchAdita isa mithaka-kathA meM mAnavetara-vizeSatayA devatAoM ke caritra aura kAryakalApa citrita hue haiN| isake atirikta, isameM mithyAtattva kI adhikatA aura samAja kI maukhika paramparAoM se sambaddha rahane kI pravRtti bhI spaSTa hai, sAtha hI kapola-kalpanA ke tattvoM kA bhI prAcurya hai| dharma-bhAvanA aura paurANika dRSTi para nirbhara hone ke kAraNa isa mithaka-kathA meM prAgaitihAsikatA ke tattva bhI samAviSTa haiM, sAtha hI mitha ke, punIta saMskRti kI AdhArabhUmi hone ke kAraNa isa kathA ke pAtra, ghaTanAe~, deza aura kAla sabhI punIta haiN| isa kathA meM jAduI sammohana aura mAnavIya bholepana kI kAnta maitrI kI manoramatA kA bhI apanA mAdhurya hai| isake atirikta RSabhasvAmI ke nAbhinAla ko kATane aura use gAr3ane Adi jAtakarma ke saMskAroM meM lokatattvoM kA viniyoga bhI draSTavya hai|

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ RSabhasvAmI ke janmotsava kI kathA ke krama meM hI ikSvAku vaMza aura akAlamRtyu kI utpati kI jo mithaka kathA kahI gaI hai, usakI apanI rocakatA hai: jinamAtA marudevI ko svapna meM vRSabha ke darzana hue the, isalie mAtA-pitA ne tIrthaMkara kA nAma 'RSabha' rkhaa| bhagavAn jaba sAla bhara ke hue, taba indra vAmanarUpa dharakara Ikha kA bojha liye nAbhikumAra ke samIpa Aye / bhagavAn ne trividha jJAna (mati, zruta, avadhi) ke prabhAva se devendra kA abhiprAya jAna liyA aura unhoMne prazasta lakSaNoMvAlA apanA dAyA~ hAtha phailA diyA / santuSTa hokara indra ne pUchA : "kyA ikSu (Ikha) khAyeMge ?" cU~ki bhagavAn ne Ikha kI abhilASA pradarzita kI, isalie unake vaMza kA nAma 'ikSvAku vaMza' ho gayA / 139 mithunadharma ke anusAra, marudevI kI sahajAta kanyA sumaMgalA ke sAtha RSabhasvAmI bar3hane lage / usI avadhi meM, RSabhasvAmI ke nagara meM eka aura mithuna utpanna huA / janma lete hI mithuna ko tAlavRkSa ke nIce rakha diyA gayA thaa| tAlaphala ke girane se zizuyugma kA lar3akA mara gayA aura lar3akI ko pAlana-poSaNa ke nimitta nAbhikumAra (RSabhasvAmI ke pitA) ke saMrakSaNa meM de diyA gyaa| isa bAlikA kA nAma sunandA thA aura zArIrika saundarya se yaha devakanyA kI bhA~ti dipatI thI, isalie nAbhikumAra ne isakA yatnapUrvaka pAlana-poSaNa kiyaa| usI samaya se akAlamRtyu prArambha huii| mithakIya cetanA se yukta ukta donoM kathAprasaMgoM meM itihAsa aura lokatattva kA adbhu samanvaya hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI udAtta kalpanA dvArA aitihAsika evaM saundaryabodhAtmaka sAmagrI ko lokatattvoM ke tAnoM bAnoM meM bunakara nijandharI kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jisameM aitihAsika cetanA tathA deza evaM kAla ke akSoM ko parivartita kara diyA gayA hai / isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki itihAsa mithoM ko janma detA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM isa prakAra kI mithaka kathAoM kA bAhulya hai| vizeSakara tIrthaMkaroM ke carita-citraNa meM vinyasta mithakIya bodha apanI carama sImA kA bhI atikramaNa karatA hai / mithakIya cetanA se saMvalita 'vasudevahiNDI' kI yathAnirdiSTa kathAe~ draSTavya haiM : atharveda (atharvaveda) kI utpatti (gandharvattAlambha : pR. 151), anArya vedoM kI utpatti (somazrIlambha: pR. 185), aSTApada tIrtha kI utpatti (priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 301), AryavedoM kI utpatti (somazrIlambha: pR. 183), koTizilA kI utpatti (ketumatIlambha : pR. 348), gaNikA kI utpatti (pIThikA: pR. 103), dhanurveda kI utpatti (padmAlambha : pR. 202), naraka kA svarUpa (bandhumatIlambha: pR. 270), paraloka ke astitva kI siddhi (zyAmAvijayAlambha : pR. 115), pippalAda kI utpatti ( gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 151), brAhmaNoM kI utpatti (somazrIlambha : pR. 182), viSNugIta kI utpatti (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 128), harivaMza kI utpatti (padmAvatIlambha: pR. 356 ) aadi| ina kathAoM meM mithakIya bodha ke samasta tattva, jaise purANa, itihAsa, kavikalpanA, dantakathA, kathA, romAMsa, premAkhyAna, ratyAtmaka prema, nijandharI, dharmabhAvanA, kapola-kalpanA, lokatattva Adi ke virAT darzana hote haiM / ina kathAoM meM mitha kI jAtIya kalpanA ko dhArmika vizvasoM ne svAyatta kara liyA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI paurANika aura aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi kI mithaka kathAoM meM parAprAkRtika yA atiprAkRtika pAtroM ko prAkRta pAtroM kI bhUmikA meM utArA gayA hai, jo jainakathA kI, alaukikatA se laukikatA aura punaH alaukikatA kI ora prasthAna kI, sahaja pravRtti kA dyotaka hai| isa prakAra,

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140 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mithaka-kathAe~ na kevala laukika haiM aura na hI alaukika, apitu ve laukikAlaukika haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne mithaka-kathAoM kI asAmAnyatA ko sAmAnyIkRta karake unheM phira asAmAnya banA diyA hai, isalie ve kathAe~ kevala sAmAnya yA asAmAnya na hokara sAmAnyAsAmAnya bana gaI haiM aura isa prakAra ve mUla itihAsa kI vikRti se utpanna atiprAkRta pAtroM aura camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAoM ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gaI haiN| jAtIya jIvana ko prabhAvita karanevAlI asAdhAraNa mahattva kI ye ghaTanAe~ aura inake pAtra svabhAvata: mithika abhiprAyoM se yukta ho gaye haiN| kyoMki, prAkRtika yA atiprAkRtika ghaTanAoM kI rUpakAtmaka yA kathAtmaka abhivyakti hI mithakIya cetanA kI AdhArabhUmi hai| mithaka-kathA kI kalpanAe~ yA ghaTanAe~ satyAsthita hote hue bhI satya nahIM hotiiN| unakI sthiti satyAsatya kI hotI hai| DaoN. dinezvara prasAda ne paurastya aura pAzcAtya dhAraNAoM ke pariprekSya meM 'mitha' kI gambhIra vivecanA karate hue likhA hai ki "mitha aura satya eka dUsare ke viparIta haiM; kyoMki yadi mitha dvArA prApta samAdhAna satya pramANita ho jAya, to vaha mitha nahIM raha jaataa|... yaha satya eka ora vijJAna ke satya se bhinna hai, to dUsarI ora itihAsa ke satya se| isameM jina ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai, yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki una ghaTanAoM kI kisI sudUra yA nikaTavartI atIta kI vAstavika ghaTanAoM se pUrNa yA AMzika anurUpatA ho aura isa prakAra jinakA mUla, itihAsa meM pramANita kiyA jA ske| dainandina jIvana ke Anubhavika yathArtha se bhI unakI saMgati kA anveSaNa kaThina hai| aura, yaha kaThinAI isalie upasthita hotI hai ki mithaka-kathA meM laukika pAtroM ke jIvana kI kahAnI atilaukika pAtroM dvArA prabhAvita hotI hai| mAnava kI buddhi atilaukika bhAvoM aura vastuoM kI kalpanA aura anubhUti meM jaba parAjita yA asamartha ho jAtI hai, usI sthiti meM 'mitha' kA janma hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA RSabhasvAmI-carita ke citraNa ke krama meM vizva kI sRSTi aura usake vikAsa kI jo kathA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 157) upanyasta kI gaI hai, vaha mithakIya mUlacetanA kA viSaya hai| isalie phrAMja boAja ne kahA hai ki mithika dhAraNAe~ vizva ke saMghaTana aura utpattiviSayaka mUlabhUta vicAra haiN| kahanA na hogA ki mAnava-astitva kA mUla svabhAva hI mithaka-bodha se saMvalita hai.| jJAtavya hai ki vizva Arambha se hI mithika aura vaijJAnika, ina do bhinna, kintu paraspara pUraka staroM para avagamya rahA hai / vastuoM kA bhAvAtmaka yA kalpanAtmaka sAkSAtkAra mithika stara hai, to viviktIkaraNa aura siddhAnta-nirUpaNa vaijJAnika stara / mithika prakriyA ahantA-pradhAna hai aura vaijJAnika prakriyA idantA-pradhAna / mitha aura vijJAna, ye donoM vastusattA ke avabodha kI samAntara, samarUpa aura saMgata vidhiyA~ haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI katipaya mithaka-kathAoM meM vaijJAnika tattvoM kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki vaha apanI mithakIya cetanA meM vaijJAnika bodha . ko bhI saMvegoM se anuraMjita karake upanyasta karane meM nipuNa the| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha 1. dra. 'kAvyaracanA-prakriyA' nAmaka saMkalana-grantha (DaoN. kumAra vimala dvArA sampAdita) meM DaoN. dinezvara prasAda kA _ 'kAvya-racanA-prakriyA aura mitha' zIrSaka lekha.pa.101

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ mAnavIya bodha kI pUrNa vyAkhyA ke lie donoM vidhiyoM ko samAna rUpa se saMgata mAnate the / isa sandarbha meM viSNukumAra kI kathA (gandharvadattA - lambha: pR. 129) udAharttavya hai : 141 hastinApura ke rAjA padmaratha ke do putra the : viSNu aura mahApadma / padmaratha apane jyeSTha putra viSNukumAra ke sAtha pravrajita ho gayA aura mahApadma rAjya karane lagA / viSNukumAra anagAra dharma kA pAlana karate hue sATha hajAra varSa taka parama duzcara tapa karatA rahA / phalataH, use sUkSma - sthUla Adi vividha prakAra ke rUpa dhAraNa karane, antarhita hone tathA AkAza meM gamana karane kA viziSTa sAmarthya prApta ho gayA / eka bAra rAjA mahApadma kA purohita namuci zAstrArtha meM sAdhuoM se parAjita ho gayA / phalataH, vaha sAdhuoM ke prati vidveSa rakhane lgaa| eka dina usane apanI cATukAritA se rAjA ko santuSTa karake rAjya karane kA varadAna mA~ga liyaa| sArI prajA use hI rAjA mAnane lagI / eka dina namuci ne varSAvAsa karate hue sAdhuoM ko rAjya se bAhara nikala jAne kI AjJA jArI kI, ki sAta rAta ke bAda jo bhI sAdhu yahA~ rahegA, vaha vadhya mAnA jaaygaa| isapara sabhI sAdhu sammilita rUpa se vicAra karane baiThe / saMgha- sthavira kI AjJA se eka AkAzagAmI sAdhu kSaNa-bhara meM hI aMgadeza-sthita mandarAcala para viSNukumAra ke nikaTa upasthita hue / viSNukumAra ne unase kahA : "bhante, Aja Apa vizrAma kreN| kala cleNge|" jaba sAdhu so gaye, taba soI huI - hAlata meM hI unheM sAtha lekara viSNukumAra AkAzamArga se hastinApura pahu~ca gyaa| sAdhuoM ne use namuci ke anAcAra kI bAta batAI / viSNukumAra ne namuci se kahA ki varSAkAla meM dharatI aneka jIvoM se bhara gaI hai, isalie sAdhuoM ke saMcaraNa ke viruddha par3atI hai / varSAkAla ke bAda ye sAdhu Apake rAjya kA tyAga kara deNge| namuci ne viSNukumAra ke nivedana para kucha bhI dhyAna nahIM diyaa| taba, viSNukumAra ne namuci se kahA ki yadi Apane sAdhuoM ko bhagAne kI hI ThAna lI hai, to merI eka bAta mAnie, nirjana sthAna meM mujhe tIna paga bhUmi diijie| vahIM rahakara sAdhu apanA prANa - visarjana kreNge| namuci rAjI ho gayA / sahasA viSNukumAra roSa se prajjvalita ho utthaa| dharatI nApane ke lie apane zarIra ko virAT AkAra meM pariNata karake usane apanA paira utthaayaa| namuci Darakara viSNu ke pairoM para gira par3A aura bolA : "bhagavan ! merA aparAdha kSamA kreN|" usake bAda viSNukumAra ne 'dhuvAgIti' par3hI aura kSaNabhara meM divya rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / viSNu kA divya zarIra bar3hatA hI calA gayA / bhayavihvala loga virAT zarIra ke antarAla meM zilAkhaNDa, parvatazikhara, bar3e-bar3e per3a aura vividha Ayudha pheMkane lge| lekina, ye sabhI vastue~ viSNu ke huMkAra kI havA se chitarAkara cAroM ora girane lagate the| viSNu ke adRSTapUrva mahAzarIra ko dekhakara kinnara, kimpuruSa, bhUta, yakSa, rAkSasa, jyotiSka deva, mahoraga Adi bhaya se bhAga cale aura kiMkartavyavimUr3ha hokara kAtara bhAva se ArttanAda karate hue har3abar3I meM eka-dUsare para girane lge| sabhI khecara prANI bhaya se kA~pane lage / atizaya vismita hote hue unhoMne dekhA ki saMcaraNazIla mandarAcala kI taraha viSNu kA divya zarIra kSaNabhara meM eka lAkha yojana vistRta ho gyaa| Rddhi kI bahulatA ke kAraNa viSNu kA zarIra prajvalita agnipuMja kI taraha aura mukha

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142 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA zaratkAlIna candra kI bhA~ti pratIta hotA thaa| zarIra bar3hate-bar3hate itanA U~cA uTha gayA ki jyotiSpatha (graha-nakSatra kA mArga) kramaza: usake vakSaHsthala, nAbhi, kaTi aura jAnupradeza ke pAsa A gyaa| dharatI hilane lgii| viSNu ne apanA dAyA~ paira mandarAcala ke zikhara para rakhA aura dUsare (bA~ye) paira ko jaba Age rakhA, taba samudra kA jala udvelita ho utthaa| taba usane donoM talahatthiyoM ko eka sAtha Ahata kiyA, jisake (tAlI ke) zabda se maharddhika devoM ke aMgarakSaka atizaya trasta ho uThe ! isI samaya vipula avadhijJAnI indra ko vastusthiti kA AbhAsa huA aura unakA Asana vicalita ho utthaa| unhoMne devoM ke samakSa saMgIta aura nRtya kI maNDalI ke adhipati se kahA : "bhagavAn anagAra viSNu namuci purohita kI avamAnanA se atizaya kupita hokara tInoM lokoM ko nigalane ke lie taiyAra haiN| isalie, unheM gIta aura nRtyopahAra se anunayapUrvaka zAnta kro|" indra kI AjJA se tilottamA, rambhA, menakA aura urvazI ne viSNu kI A~khoM ke samakSa nRtya kiyA; bAje bajAye gaye; tumburu, nArada, hAhA, hUhU aura vizvAvasu ne gIta gaaye| phira, viSNu ke kAna ke samIpa stuti kI : "bhagavan, zAnta hoN|" isake bAda jinendra ke nAma aura guNoM kA kIrtana kiyaa| maharddhika deva aura vaitADhya-zreNI ke nivAsI vidyAdhara, devasamUha-sahita indra ko, bhagavAn viSNukumAra kI prasannatA ke nimitta upasthita jAnakara, zIghra hI devoM ke pAsa cale aaye| ve bhI tathAvat stuti karane evaM zAstrAnurUpa gIta gAne lge| phira, bhaure jisa prakAra kamaloM meM rasalIna ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra ve viSNu ke uThe hue caraNakamaloM para loTane lge| tumburu aura nArada ne santuSTa hokara vidyAdharoM se kahA : "Azcarya, Apa manuSya hokara bhI devoM ke sAtha stuti karane kI kSamatA rakhate haiM !" phira, unhoMne vidyAdharoM se kahA : "hama Apapara prasanna haiM / saMgIta meM ApakI atizaya anurakti hogii| samprati, Apa sapta svaratantrI se nissRta, gAndhArasvarasamUhayukta, manuSyalokadurlabha yathAnibaddha viSNugIta dhAraNa kreN|" "ApakA hamAre prati parama anugraha hai", aisA kahate hue vidyAdharoM ne viSNugIta dhAraNa (grahaNa) kiyaa| __rAjA mahApadma ne bhI namuci purohita ke durnaya kI bAta sunI aura viSNu ke vaikriyika divya mahAzarIra ko AkAza meM ApUrNa dekhA, to bhayAkula ho utthaa| usake prANa kaNTha meM A gye| nagara-janapada-sahita vaha saMgha kI zaraNa meM gyaa| saMgha ne zAsti ke svara meM rAjA se kahA : "tumane apAtra ko rAjagaddI para biThA diyA aura isa prakAra pramatta ho gaye ki phira kabhI khoja-khabara nahIM lii|" yaha kahakara zramaNasaMgha ne rAjA se viSNukumAra ko zAnta karane kA anurodha kiyaa| phira sabhI karabaddha hokara prArthanA karane lage : "bhagavan viSNukumAra ! zAnta hoN| saMgha ne rAjA mahApadma ko kSamA kara diyA hai| Apa apane vizAla rUpa ko smettie| apane pairoM kA praspandana roka diijie| Apake teja ke prabhAva se dharatI Dolane lagatI hai aura rasAtala ko jAne lagatI hai| Apake caraNoM ke nikaTa hI zramaNasaMgha upasthita hai|" viSNukumAra sAdhuoM kI prArthanA ke svara ko suna nahIM rahA thaa| kyoMki, antarikSa meM sthita usakA vizAla zarIra svara kI gati kI sImA se bhI Upara uTha gayA thaa| ___ taba, vahA~ upasthita zreSTha zrutadharoM ne kahA : "nizcaya hI, bAraha yojana se Upara antarikSa meM zabda nahIM sunAI par3atA hai| viSNukumAra kI zravaNendriya kisI aise hI bhAga meM hai, isIlie vaha hamAre zabda suna nahIM pA rahe haiN| unakA zarIra to bar3hate-bar3hate eka lAkha yojana Upara uTha gayA hai| utane Upara uThe hone para bhI vaha rUpa ke viSaya bane hue haiM, isalie unake pairoM para AghAta diijie|

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143 vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ nizcaya hI, vaha Upara se hameM dekheMge aura zramaNasaMgha ko upAsanA karate dekhakara zAnta ho jaayeNge|" sabhI sAdhu eka sAtha viSNu ke pairoM para AghAta dene lge| sparzendriya se saMjJA pAkara maharSi viSNu ne dharatI kI ora dRSTi ddaalii| parijana aura anta:pura-sahita rAjA mahApadma ko saMgha kI zaraNa meM upasthita tathA muniyoM ko kRtAMjali hokara zAnta hone kI prArthanA karate dekhakara viSNukumAra ne socA : "nizcaya hI zramaNasaMgha ne saparivAra rAjA mahApadma ko kSamA kara diyA hai| isalie, aba saMgha kI AjJA kA ullaMghana ucita nahIM hai|" isake bAda viSNukumAra apane vaikriya zarIra ko sameTakara zaraccandra ke samAna zubhadarzana rUpa ke sAtha dharatI para avasthita huaa| vidyAdhara-sahita deva-dAnava viSNu ke prati praNata hue aura puSpavRSTi karake apane-apane sthAna meM cale gye| ___atiprAkRta pAtroM tathA cAmatkArika ghaTanAoM se atizaya gajhina prastuta mithaka-kathA meM vastuoM kA bhAvAtmaka yA kalpanAtmaka sAkSAtkAra mithika stara para to hotA hI hai, vaijJAnika stara para vastuoM kA viviktIkaraNa aura siddhAnta-nirUpaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM, prastuta kathA meM pratipAdita prakAza aura dhvani kI vaijJAnika gati-prakriyA kA bhI ullekhanIya mahattva hai| sAmAnya vaijJAnika siddhAnta ke anusAra, prakAza meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki usake saMcAraNa (propegezana oNva lAiTa) ke lie kisI pArthiva mAdhyama (maiTeriyala mIDiyama) kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| prakAza kI adRzya kiraNeM sarala rekhAoM meM calatI haiN| usakI kiraNeM nirvAta sthAnoM se hokara bhI gujara sakatI haiN| parantu, dhvani ke sAtha yaha bAta nahIM hai| yaha zUnya sthAnoM se hokara nahIM gujara sktii| isake gamana ke lie pArthiva mAdhyama kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / ise dhvani-gamana (propegezana oNva sAuNDa) kA siddhAnta kahate haiN| havA meM dhvani kA vega (velosiTI oNva sAuNDa) *degc tApamAna para 1080 phuTa yA 322 mITara prati sekeNDa hotA hai; kintu prakAza kI kiraNoM kA vega (velosiTI oNva lAiTa) prati sekeNDa 1,86,325 mIla (2,98,120 ki.mI.) hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki prakAza tIvragAmI aura dUragAmI hotA hai, kintu dhvani mandagAmI aura nAtidUragAmI / Alocya kathA meM, ukta sAmAnya vaijJAnika siddhAnta kA mUla rUpa surakSita hai / yadyapi, use mithakIya bodha kI cAmatkArikatA ke sAtha atiraMjita DhaMga se upasthita kiyA gayA hai / viSNukumAra kA divya zarIra kSaNa bhara meM eka lAkha yojana vistRta ho gayA aura bar3hate-bar3hate itanA U~cA uTha gayA ki grahapatha usake ghuTane ke pAsa thA aura zarIra kA zeSa bhAga usa (grahapatha) ke bhI Upara antarikSa meM calA gayA thaa| prajvalita agnipuMja ke samAna usake zarIra kA teja aura zaratkAlIna candramA kI bhA~ti usakA mukha antarikSa meM dikhAI to par3atA thA; kintu zarIra ke eka lAkha yojana (eka araba kosa' = tIna araba bIsa karor3a kimI.) Upara uTha jAne se dharatI para prArthanA karate hue muniyoM kI dhvani use nahIM sunAI par3atI thii| kyoMki, zreSTha zrutadhara muni ke anusAra, bAraha yojana se Upara antarikSa meM zabda nahIM sunAI par3atA hai| jisa prakAra prakAza-varSoM (lAiTa Iyarsa) meM parimApya dUrI meM sthita grahoM yA nakSatroM kA prakAza dharatI se dikhAI par3atA hai, usI prakAra eka lAkha yojana kI U~cAI meM sthita viSNukumAra ke zarIra kA prakhara teja dharatI se dikhAI par3atA thaa| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne isa mithaka kathA ke dvArA sUryaloka (adhikatama dUrI 9 karor3a 2. jenarala enthropolaoNjI', pR.609

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA 45 lAkha mIla) se Upara ke antarikSa [ jahA~ AkAzagaMgA (milkI ve) ke pravAha meM tAraka-maNDala avasthita hai ] taka ko vismayakArI kalpanA kI hai| prastuta kathA vaidika-paurANika paramparA kI bali aura vAmana kI kathA kA jaina rUpAntara hai, jisameM 'viSNugIta' kI utpatti kA mithakIya AyAma upasthita kiyA gayA hai| isa kathA kA nAyaka nizcaya hI mithika vyaktitva kA pratIka hai, jo jAtIya jIvana ko prabhAvita karanevAlI asAdhAraNa mahattva kI ghaTanAoM aura unake svarUpa kA ghaTaka hone ke kAraNa mithika abhiprAyoM se yukta hai| isake atirikta prema, dharma aura zaurya yA sAhasika kRtyoM kA paridRzya ke rUpa meM citraNa Adi romAMsa ke anivArya upAdAna bhI isa mithaka-kathA meM vidyamAna haiN| romAMsa ke anya upAdAna kAlpanika tathA parAprAkRtika tattvoM kA samAveza bhI isameM hai| rahasyAtmakatA, kutUhala tathA svaira kalpanA ke tAnoM-bAnoM se bunI gaI yaha kathA mithakIya cetanAparaka kathAoM meM apanI dvitIyatA nahIM rkhtii| athavA, aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI sabhI mithaka-kathAe~ bejor3a haiN| sabakI apanI-apanI jAtIya vizeSatA hai aura unakI alaga-alaga pahacAna bhii| ___ viSNukumAra kI bhA~ti mithika vyaktitva se sampanna anekAneka pAtra 'vasudevahiNDI' meM haiM, jinameM vidyAdhara amitagati (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 140), lalitAMgadeva (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 166), cakravartI subhUma (madanavegAlambha : pR. 238), nArada (pIThikA : pR. 80) aura svayaM isa mahatkathA ke nAyaka vasudeva Adi to kUTastha haiN| vasudeva to bar3e-bar3e prANaghAtI saMkaToM meM ghira jAte haiM, kintu mithakIya upAdAnoM ke bala se turata saMkaTamukta bhI ho jAte haiN| kahanA to yaha cAhie ki bRhattara bhArata ke paryaTanakArI vasudeva apane yuga ke phAhiyAna yA hvenasAMga se bhI bar3hakara the aura yaha vaiziSTya unheM mithakIya upAdAnoM ke paryAvaraNa ke kAraNa hI prApta thaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kathArUDhiparaka mithakIya upAdAnoM meM vidyAdhara ke sparza se viSa kA nAza honA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 47); AkAzavANI (dhammilla. : pR. 34 ; vegavatIlambha : pR. 250); puSpavRSTi (zyAmAvijayAlambha : pR. 118 ; gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 131 ; tatraiva : pR. 145), hAthI kA AkAza meM ur3anA (padmAlambha : pR. 201); apsarAoM kA AkAza meM vicaraNa karanA tathA unakA adRzya honA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 143); cakraratna kI kalpanA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 330); muniyoM kA AkAza meM calanA, mahiSI kI kokha se mAnava-zizu kA janma lenA (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 278) Adi mithakoM kA apanI manoraMjakatA, kutUhala-sRSTi, vismaya aura romAMsa kI dRSTi se mahArgha mahattva hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAvastu kA kendrIya abhiprAya 'romAMsa' hai| lekina, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isa abhiprAya ko jAna lene se racanA kI avagati pUrI ho jAtI hai| bhArata ke mahAn kathAkAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne apane mithakIya abhiprAya yA abhiprAyoM kI abhivyakti ke lie rahasya aura romAMsa kA jo atilaukika aura aindrajAlika vAtAvaraNa khar3A kiyA hai, vaha isa kathAgrantha ke srotoM, nirdezoM, bimboM yA pratIkoM, purAnI kathA-paramparA ke zabdoM, bhAvoM yA arthazaktiyoM, athaca kathArUDhiyoM aura mithoM ke vizada adhyayana ke bAvajUda vizleSaNa se pare raha jAtA hai| vizvadarzana kI pUrNatama abhivyakti ke lie saMghadAsagaNI dvArA kI gaI mithoM kI racanA kathAjagat ke lie eka ullekhanIya prayala hai| mithoM ke AdhAra para kathAkAra ne mAnava-sabhyatA aura mAnava-manovijJAna, donoM kI yugapat vyAkhyA kI hai|

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 145 'vasudevahiNDI' kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki amUrta dhAraNAoM kI abhivyakti ke lie mUrta pratIkoM ke vyavahAra dvArA isake racayitA ne apanI vicAra-paddhati ko apanI anubhava-saMkula saMvedanA kI anviti kA mAdhyama banA diyA hai, phalataH yaha kathA-racanA zuSka vicAroM se nirmita zAstra nahIM, apitu mahattara rasamaya kalAkRti bana gaI hai| saca pUchie to, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mithaka-kathAoM kI carcA eka svatantra zodha-adhyayana kA viSaya hai| __ (gha) prakIrNa kathAe~ 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA romAMsa-kathA hone ke kAraNa, usameM kathA yA ghaTanA ke vikAsa-nairantarya kI apekSA usakI sahaja pravRtti pravarddhana yA lambA hone kI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to, romAMsa-kathA meM, ghaTanAoM ke vikAsa meM kSipratA yA parivartana kI apekSA gholana yA vivartana kI sthiti pAI jAtI hai| jisa prakAra kapota-kapotI Apasa meM milane para ghaNToM eka hI manaHsthiti meM guTarate rahate haiM, usI prakAra romAMsa-kathA eka samAna bhAvakendrita dazA meM vivartita hotI huI kramaza: lambI banatI calI jAtI hai| aura isa prakAra, romAMsa kI nandatikatA se ApUrNa koI bhI kathA bRhatkathA meM badala jAtI hai yA kathA kI saritA sAgara bana jAtI hai| kathA ko lambA banAne meM prakIrNa kathAoM kA sahayoga, mahattvapUrNa hone ke kAraNa, ullekhanIya hai / prasiddha jainAgama 'dazavaikAlikaniyukti' meM prakIrNaka kathA kI nirukti ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki 'prakIrNaka' nAma se jo prakIrNa (aneka prakAra kI kathAoM kA mizraNa) kathA kahI jAtI hai, use hI 'prakIrNaka kathA kahate haiN|' prakIrNa kathA kI gaNanA 'no-mAtRkA-pada' ke do bhedoM (grathita-racanAbaddha tathA prakIrNaka-muktaka) meM kI gaI hai| no-mAtRkA-pada no-aparAdha-pada ke do bhedoM (mAtRkA-pada, no-mAtRkA-pada) meM dvitIyasthAnIya hai| prakIrNa kathA apane-ApameM mukta yA svacchanda hotI hai| isameM dazavaikAlika-prokta (gAthA-saM. 208-211) akathA, vikathA aura kathA, ina tInoM prakAra kI kathAoM kA samAhAra sambhava hai| ina kathAoM ko dharmakathA, kAmakathA, arthakathA aura mizrita kathA, ina cAra svarUpoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prakIrNa kathAoM kA jAla-sA bichA huA hai| yaha kathAkRti prakIrNa kathAoM se parigumphita hokara mahAkathA meM pariNata ho gaI hai| ye prakIrNa kathAe~ 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mUla romAMsa-kathA ko pravarddhita yA lambA karane meM sahAyaka huI haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke anusAra kathA ke mukhya do bheda haiM: carita aura kalpita / caritakathA ke puna: do bheda kiye gaye haiM : strI aura puruSa kI kathA evaM dharma-artha-kAma ke prayojana se sambaddha kthaa| caritakathA viparyaya-yukta, kuzala vyaktiyoM dvArA kathitapUrva tathA apanI mati se jor3I gaI rahatI hai| prakIrNa kathA meM ina sAre kathAbhedoM kA mizraNa upalabdha hai, ataeva prakIrNa kathA ko yadi saMkIrNa yA mizrita kathA kahA jAya, to koI atyukti nahIM hogii| 1. patiNNagaM nAma jo paiNNA kahA kIrai taM paiNNagaM bhnnnni| -dazavaikAlikaniyukti, gAthA 175 2. uparivat 3. dra. dasavA~ puNDrAlambha, pR. 208-209

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146 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI ne saMkIrNa yA mizrakathA meM prApya anubhUtiyoM kI pUrNa abhivyakti kI kSamatA ko lakSya kiyA thA, kyoMki mizrakathA yA saMkIrNa kathA meM dharma, artha aura kAma, ina tInoM puruSArthoM kA eka sAtha nirUpaNa sambhava hai| dazavaikAlika kI hAribhadravRtti meM saMkIrNa kathA ko hI mizrakathA kahA gayA hai| jisa kathA meM kisI eka puruSArtha kI pramukhatA nahIM ho, varan tInoM hI puruSArthoM tathA sabhI rasoM aura bhAvoM kA mizrita rUpa pAyA jAya, vaha kathAvidhA mizrA yA saMkIrNA hai / kathAtattvoM ke mizraNa evaM saMkIrNatA se saMvalita prakIrNakathAoM meM mUlakathA ke kevala sUtra hI nahIM rahate, apitu kathyavastu, kathAnaka, pAtra, deza, kAla, paristhiti Adi pramukha kathAtattvoM ke bIja yA saMketa bhI vartamAna rahate haiN| 'mizrakathA' apane-ApameM itanA vyApaka zabda hai ki isameM sabhI prakAra kI kathA-vidhAoM yA tadanurUpa kathAtattvoM kA mizraNa upalabdha hotA hai / isIlie, isameM mUlakathA se anubaddha manoraMjana aura kutUhala ke sAtha-sAtha janma-janmAntaroM ke kathAnakoM, kathArUDhiyoM aura mithakoM kI jaTilatA bar3e AkarSaka aura mohaka DhaMga se anusyUta rahatI hai / phalata, rAjAoM yA vIroM ke zaurya, prema, nyAya, jJAna, dAna, zIla, vairAgya aura samudrI yAtrAe~; muniyoM yA vidyAdharoM ke AkAzagamana; agamya pArvatya yA jAMgala pradezoM ke prANiyoM ke astitva; vibhinna vismayakArI dvIpa-dvIpAntaroM, saMgItazAstra-chUtasabhAoM Adi kI viziSTatAoM evaM svarga-naraka, deva-dAnava ke vistRta varNana, sAtha hI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, moha Adi kaSAyoM ke duSpariNAma evaM ina manovikAroM ke sAmAjika dharAtala para manovaijJAnika citraNa prabhRti sabhI kathAvastue~ mizrakathA meM antarnihita rahatI haiN| vividha tattvoM kI mizratA ke kAraNa hI kathAnaka meM saMkIrNatA AtI hai aura kathAnaka kI yaha saMkIrNatA prakIrNa kathAoM ke mAdhyama se mUlakathA ko AcchAdita kiye rahatI hai| prakIrNa kathAoM meM mUlakathA kI prAsaMgikatA aura vizuddha kathAtattva ke atirikta puruSArthacatuSTaya, nIti, prema, rAjanIti, samAjanIti, lokatattva evaM vibhinna manovyApAroM Adi kA bhI manorama varNana rahatA hai| isalie, prakIrNa kathAe~ prAya: dRSTAntapradhAna hotI haiN| mahAkathA ke racayitA apanI mahAkathA se pAra pAne ke lie prakIrNa kathAoM se setu kA kAma lete haiN| sAtha hI, unheM apane mata kI abhivyakti yA paramata se usake samanvaya, samyaktva kI puSTi ke lie mithyAtva kA nidarzana yA mithyAtva kI sampuSTi ke lie samyaktva kI avahelanA yA vikhaNDana, dRSTAnta-pradarzana Adi racanA kI prakriyAoM meM prakIrNa kathAe~ bar3I sahAyatA karatI haiM, sAtha hI apane mata kI sthApanA kA upayukta avakAza bhI vaha prApta kara lete haiN| ataeva, zAstrIya dRSTi se prakIrNa kathA ko udyotanasari aura jinasena dvArA prokta AkSepiNI kathA ke sA~ce meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| prakIrNa kathAoM ke AkSepa yA prakSepa se hI mUlakathA ke mahadanuSThAna kI pUrNAhuti hotI hai| yadyapi, prakIrNa kathAoM meM dazavaikAlika-prokta dharmakathA kI AkSepiNI, 1. dhammo atyo kAmo uvaissai jatta suttkvvesuN| loge vee samaye sA u kahA mIsiyA NAma / / -dazavaikAlika, gAthA 266 2. sA punaH kathA mizrA nAma saGkIrNapuruSAbhidhAnAt / daza. hAri, pR. 228 3.vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya 'haribhadra ke prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana' : DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, pR.113 4.(ka) tattha akkhevaNI mnonukuulaa|- udyotanasUri : 'kuvalayamAlA', a.9, pR.4 (kha) AkSepiNI-kathAM kuryAtprAjJaH svmtsnggrhe| jinasena : mahApurANa, pra. pa, zlo. 135

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147 vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ vikSepaNI, saMveginI aura nirvedinI, ina cAroM kathAvidhAoM ke tattva pAye jAte haiM aura 'AkSepiNI' kathA kI vyApaka aura sUkSma vyAkhyA karane para usake sA~ce meM prakIrNa kathA phiTa nahIM baiThatI hai, phira bhI usake ekadezIya lakSaNa se prakIrNa ko AkSepa ke samAnAntara liyA jA sakatA hai| _ 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prakIrNa kathAe~ mukhyata: do rUpoM meM parigumphita haiN| ye prakIrNa kathAe~ do vyaktiyoM ke vArtAlApa ke krama meM, kathyamAna kathAvastu ke samarthana, nidarzana yA dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM AI haiM, jinameM kucha to aisI haiM, jo bilakula svatantra evaM kevala dRSTAntapradIpaka haiM aura jisa sthala yA prasaMgabindu para ve prArambha hotI haiM, usI bindu para samApta ho jAtI haiM aura kucha aisI haiM, jo mUlakathA ke kisI viziSTa pAtra ke pUrvabhava-carita yA usake pUrvajanma kI sthiti kA vartamAna janma para vyApaka prabhAva ke pradarzana ke lie gUMthI gaI haiM aura kathAkrama ko Age bar3hAne meM bhI apanI pUrI rocakatA aura romAMsa ke sAtha sahAyaka huI haiN| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne prakIrNa kathAoM ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya saMskRti aura jJAna-vijJAna ke utkarSa-pradarzana meM tato'dhika saphalatA Ayatta kI hai, sAtha hI kathAzilpa kI dRSTi se bhI vaha saundaryabodha ko carama pariNati para pahuMcAne meM samartha hue haiN| __saMghadAsagaNI ne apane mahAkAvyAtmaka upanyAsa 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prakIrNa kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kathA ke kaI sthApatyoM ( takanIkI vizeSatAoM ) kI sthApanA kI hai, jisakA lakSya sampUrNa bhAvAbhivyakti hai / bhAvAbhivyakti kI samasta prakriyA hI sthApatya yA takanIka hai / sthApatya hI kathA kI AdhArazilA hotI hai, jisapara kathAkAra apanI anubhUti ko abhivyakta karatA hai-kathA kA divya saudha khar3A karatA hai| bhAva ke prakAzana kI bhASika prakriyA hI zailI hai| sthApatya meM zailI kA saniveza to hotA hI hai; kintu sthApatya, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ke zabdoM meM, vaha sarvAMgINa prakriyA hai, jisameM anubhUti aura lakSya ke sAtha kathAvastu kI yojanA, caritra kI avatAraNA, pariveza kI kalpanA evaM bhAva kI saghanatA kA yathocita prakAzana kiyA jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne kalA ke kSetra meM jise sthApatya yA takanIka kahA hai, use bhAratIya kalAzAstriyoM, jaise bharata, udbhaTa, rudraTa, mammaTa Adi kI 'vRtti' aura 'rIti' ke samAnAntara rakha sakate haiM yA use vRttiyoM kI rIti kaha sakate haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prakIrNa kathAoM ke sthApatyoM kI katipaya vizeSatAe~ ullekhanIya haiN| ___vasudevahiNDI' kI prakIrNa kathAoM kI pahalI vizeSatA unakA praznottara ke rUpa meM upasthApana hai| kathA kA prArambha vaktA-zrotA ke rUpa meM hotA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' cU~ki carita-kathA hai, isalie prAkRta-kathAkAroM dvArA svIkRta sthApatya-siddhAnta ke anusAra, zreNika aura mahAvIra yA zreNika aura gautama gaNadhara meM praznottara hotA hai, athavA kisI rAjA yA rAnI yA kisI sAmAnya pAtroM ke praznoM kA kathAtmaka uttara zramaNa muni yA bhikSuNiyA~ detI haiM, aura isa prakAra mUlakathA vikasita hotI calatI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM svayaM vasudeva bhI praznakartA aura uttarakartA ke rUpa meM pradarzita hue haiN| isake atirikta, zreSThI yA vidyAdhariyA~ yA vasudeva kI paliyA~ bhI praznoM ke uttara pUrvakathA yA AtmakathA ke rUpa meM detI haiN| ina sabake alAvA udAharaNa aura dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM bhI aneka prakIrNa kathAe~ kahI gaI haiN| isa prakAra, pUrI kathAkRti meM praznottara kA jAla bichA 1. haribhadra ke prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana', pR. 122

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148 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA huA hai| praznottara-sthApatya kI vizeSatAoM kA digdarzana karAte hue AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne likhA hai : "kalpanAmUlaka kathAoM kA do vyaktiyoM kI bAtacIta ke rUpa meM kahanA kucha apratyakSa-sA hotA hai, aura kavi (yA kathAkAra) kA uttaradAyitva kama ho jAtA hai ...yaha jo do vyaktiyoM ke bIca bAtacIta ke rUpa meM kathA kahane kI paddhati hai, vaha isa deza kI purAnI prathA hai| mahAbhArata meM isI prakAra pUrvakathA kahakara zrotA-vaktA kI yojanA kI gaI hai|" ___AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne praznottara kI prathA kA vyavahAra isalie kiyA hai ki kathA meM asambhava samajhA jAne yogya viSaya para-pratyakSa banA rahe aura usakI asambhAvyatA kI mAtrA kama ho jaay| kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' manoraMjaka kathAntaroM yA pUrvakathAoM se ApAtata: AkIrNa hai / isa sandarbha meM kathopakathana yA mUlakathA ke samarthana ke rUpa meM yA praznottara-zailI meM prastuta nimnAMkita pramukha prakIrNa kathAe~ udAharttavya haiM : kathotpatti : ___1. indriyaviSaya meM prasakti ke kAraNa mRtyu ko prApta vAnara kI kathA (pR. 6); 2. viSayasukha kI upamA ke lie madhubindu kA dRSTAnta (pR. 8); 3. garbhavAsa ke duHkha ke sambandha meM lalitAMgada kI kathA (pR. 9); 4. eka bhava meM hI sambandha kI vicitratA ke pradarzana ke lie kuberadatta aura kuberadattA kI kathA (pR. 10); 5. arthaviniyoga kI virUpatA ke sambandha meM gopadAraka kA vRttAnta (pR. 13), 6. lokadharma kI asaMgati ke sambandha meM mahezvaradatta kI kathA (pR. 14); 7. sukha-duHkha kI kalpanA meM vilupta bhANDavAle vaNik kI kathA (pR. 15) / dhammillacarita : 8. vasantatilakA gaNikA kA prasaMga (pR. 28); 9. koMkaNa brAhmaNa kI kathA (pR. 29); 10. kRtaghna kaue kI kathA (pR. 33) 11. agaDadatta muni kI AtmakathA (pR. 54); 14. nAgarikoM dvArA chale gaye gAr3IvAna kI kathA (pR. 57); 15. svacchandacAriNI vasudattA kI kathA (pR. 59); 16. svacchandacArI rAjA ripudamana kI kathA (pR. 61) / pIThikA : 17. mahiSa kI kathA (pR. 85); 18. gaNikAoM kI utpatti-kathA (pR. 103) / pratimukha : 19. avadhijJAnaprApta muni kI AtmakathA (pR. 111) / zyAmAvijayAlambha : 20. do ibhyaputroM kI kathA (pR. 116) / gandharvadattAlambha : 21. pippalAda aura atharvaveda kI utpatti kI kathA (pR. 151) / 1. hindI-sAhitya kA AdikAla.tRtIya vyAkhyAna' pR.62

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nIlayazAlambha : 22. kaue aura hAthI kI kathA (pR. 168); 23. tuccha sukha kI kalpanA karanevAle siyAra kI kathA (pR. 168) / somazrIlambha : 24. Aryaveda aura anAryaveda kI utpatti kI kathA (pR. 183) / dhanazrIlambha : 25. naramAMsabhakSI saudAsa kI utpatti - kathA (pR. 197) / padmAlambha : vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 26. dhanurveda kI utpatti-kathA (pR. 202) / puNDrAlambha : 27. cittavegA kI AtmakathA (pR. 214) / madanavegAlambha : 28. rAmAyaNa kI kathA (pR. 240 ) / priyaMgusundarI lambha: 149 padmAvatIlambha : 29. gaMgarakSita kI kathA (pR. 289); 30. paradAra-doSa ke sambandha meM kaue kI kathA (pR. 292); 31. prANAtipAta ke guNa-doSa ke viSaya meM yamapAza kI kathA (pR. 294); 32. mithyAvacana ke guNa-doSa ke viSaya meM dhAraNa aura revatI kI kathA (pR. 295); 33. adattAdAna ke doSa ke viSaya meM jinadAsa kI kathA (pR. 295) 34. maithuna ke doSa ke sambandha meM jinapAlita kI kathA (pR. 296); 35. parigraha ke guNa-doSa ke bAre meM cArunandI aura phalgunandI kI kathA (pR. 297); 36. rAjakumArI sumati kI kathA (pR. 327); 37. kabUtara aura bAja kI kathA (pR. 337), 38. kunthusvAmI kA carita (pR. 344), 39. arajina kA carita (pR. 346) / ketumatIlambha : 40. indrasenA kI kathA (pR. 348) / 41. harivaMza kI utpatti - kathA (pR. 356) Adi / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke sthApatya kI dUsarI vizeSatA pUrvadIpti - praNAlI yA pratyak-darzana-zailI ('phlaizabaika' kI paddhati) hai / isa paddhati dvArA saMghadAsagaNI ne pUrvajanma kI vividha - vicitra ghaTanAoM kA jAtismRti dvArA smaraNa karAkara kathAoM meM rasavattA, kutUhala aura saundarya kA samAveza kiyA hai| isa vizeSatA dvArA kathAkAra ne varttamAna kathAprasaMga ko sahasA kisI vigata ke ghaTanAsUtra se jor3akara kathA ko vikasita karane kA mahanIya kauzala pradarzita kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM agrAMkita pUrvabhava-kathAe~ bhI pramukha prakIrNa yA saMkIrNa kathAoM meM nidarzanIya haiN| :

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150 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA kathotpatti : 1. jambUsvAmI kI pUrvabhavakathA (pR. 20), 2. sAgaradatta-zivakumAra-bhava kI kathA (pR. 23); dhammilahiNDI : 3. rAjA jitazatru ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 38); 4. dhammilla ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 74); pIThikA : 5. pradyumna aura zAmba kI pUrvabhava-kathA (pR. 85); 6. rAhuka ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 86); pratimukha : 7. andhakavRSNi ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR.112); zarIra : 8. vasudeva ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 114), nIlayazAlambha : 9. lalitAMgadeva ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 166); raktavatIlambha : 10. raktavatI aura lazunikA ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 219); somazrIlambha : 11. somazrI ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 222); bAlacandrAlambha : 12. siMhacandra-pUrNacandra kI pUrvabhavakathA (pR. 254); bandhumatIlambha : 13. mRgadhvaja aura bhadraka ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 275); ketumatIlambha : 14. zAntijina kI pUrvabhava-kathA (pR. 313); 15. maNikuNDalI, indusenA aura bindusenA ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 329); 18. ajitasena ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 330); 19. kukkuTa-yugala ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 333); 20. candanatilaka aura viditatilaka vidyAdhara kI pUrvabhava-kathA (pR. 334), 21. siMhastha vidyAdhara ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 336); 22. kabUtara aura bAja ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 338); 23. surUpa yakSa ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (pR. 338); lalitazrIlambha : 24. lalitazrI kA pUrvabhava (pR. 262); devakIlambha : 25. kaMsa kA pUrvabhava (pR. 368) Adi / pUrvabhava se sambaddha ukta samasta prakIrNa kathAe~ pUrvadIpti-praNAlI meM nibaddha huI haiN| pUrvabhava kI ina kathAoM meM kucha to pUrNakathA haiM aura kucha aMzakathA / pUrNakathA kA vaiziSTya hai ki ise saMghadAsagaNI ne kathA ke Arambha meM upasthita karake anta taka mUlakathA ke sAtha isakA nirvAha kiyA hai aura aMzakathA kI prastuti kathA ke Arambha yA madhya meM sahasA kisI pAtra kI smRti ko jagAne aura kucha samaya ke lie apane atIta meM usake kho jAne ke uddezya se kI gaI hai| ___'vasudevahiNDI' kI prakIrNa kathAe~ apane sthApatya kI dRSTi se kathotthapraroha-zilpa ke rUpa meM bhI upasthita hotI haiN| pyAja ke chilake yA kele ke stambha kI parata ke samAna jahA~ eka kathA se dUsarI-tIsarI kathA nikalatI jAya yA vaTa ke praroha kI bhA~ti zAkhA-para-zAkhA phUTatI jAya, vahA~ hI isa zilpa kI sthiti mAnI jAtI hai| isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kevala vasudeva kA hI bhramaNa-vRttAnta nahIM hai, apitu isameM aneka prakIrNa kathAoM kA saMghaTTa hai, jo apane pAThakoM kA manoraMjana to karatI hI haiM, unheM loka-saMskRti kI mahanIyatA se bhI vimohita karatI haiM / saMghadAsagaNI kI kathAbuddhi nizcaya hI asAdhAraNa hai, tabhI to unhoMne apanI varNana-zailI ko sahajagrAhya aura prabhAvazAlI banAkara kalpanAzIlatA aura saMvedanapravaNatA ke sAtha apanI smRti aura racanAzakti kA upayoga karate hue kathAsUtra ko jor3ane kA adbhuta prayAsa kiyA hai / yadyapi, isa zilpa ke kAraNa saMghadAsagaNI kI yaha bRhatkathA eka doSa se bhI AkrAnta ho gaI hai| ghaTanAjAla kI saghanatA ke kAraNa kathAe~ ekarasa sapATabayAnI-mAtra hokara raha gaI haiN| kathAoM ke pAtroM kA cAritrika utkarSa yA vikAsa kA sUtra kathAkAra ke hAtha se chUTa-chUTa-sA gayA hai| phira bhI, ekarasatA dUra karane ke lie subuddha kathAkAra ne sUkSmatama kalAcetanA ke sAtha vyApaka aura udAtta jIvana kA dRSTikoNa romAMsa aura prema ke paryAvaraNa meM upanyasta kara apanI rasagrAhI manISA kA vilakSaNa paricaya diyA hai| isa prakAra, kathotthapraroha-zilpa 'vasudevahiNDI' kI tIsarI vizeSatA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 151 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prakIrNa kathAoM ke mAdhyama se mUlakathA meM sthApatya kI aneka vidhAe~ samAviSTa ho gaI haiN| kAlamizraNa, soddezyatA, anyApadezikatA, rAjaprAsAda-sthApatya, rUparekhA kI muktatA, varNana - vaicitrya, maNDanazilpa, bhogAyatana- sthApatya, prarocana - zilpa, upacAravakratA, vizeSaNavakratA, virecana- siddhAnta, romAMsa kI yojanA, siddha pratIkoM kA prayoga, naye pratIkoM kA nirmANa, kutUhala kI yojanA, aupanyAsikatA, vRtti - vivecana, pAtrabahulatA, caritra kA udAttIkaraNa, alaukika tattvoM kI yojanA, parAprAkRtika evaM parAmanovaijJAnika zilpa, bhAgya aura saMyoga kA niyojana Adi 'vasudevahiNDI' ke aise kathA - sthApatya haiM, jo prAkRta-kathAoM, vizeSakara carita-kathAoM ke sampUrNa vaiziSTya kA udbhAvana karate haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prakIrNa kathAe~ zarIra meM bikhare zirAjAla kI taraha haiM; jinakA cetanA-pravAha antata: mUlakathA ke suSumNA - zIrSa meM jAkara kendrita ho gayA hai ! prakIrNa kathAoM meM paurANika kathAoM kA mahattva : 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prakIrNa kathAoM meM paurANika kathAoM ke mahattva nirdhAraNa ke sandarbha meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pUrI mUlakathA, arthAt vasudevacarita paurANika kathA hI hai / DaoN. e. en. upAdhye ne prAkRta-kathAoM ke guNa- vaiziSTya ko nirUpita karate hue unake pA~ca svarUpa' nirdhArita kiye haiM / jaise : 1. prabandha-paddhati meM zalAkApuruSoM ke carita; 2. tIrthaMkaroM yA zalAkApuruSoM meM kisI eka vyakti kA vistRta carita; 3. romANTika dharmakathAe~; 4. arddha- aitihAsika prabandha-kathAe~ tathA 5 upadezaprada kathAoM ke saMgraha (kathAkoSa Adi) / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yadyapi ukta pA~coM svarUpoM kA samAhAra pAyA jAtA hai, tathApi svarUpa nirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se ise dUsare prakAra kI kathAzailI meM parigaNita kiyA jAyagA / kyoMki, isameM zalAkApuruSa yA mahApuruSa vasudeva ke kathAsUtra kA Azraya lekara unakI pUrvabhavAvalI tathA anya sambaddha sAdhAraNa aura asAdhAraNa pAtroM ke caritoM ko milAkara kathAoM kI racanA kI gaI hai| phalataH, yaha paurANika zailI kA kathAgrantha hai / I jainAmnAya meM tirasaTha zalAkApuruSa prasiddha haiM / zalAkApuruSa kA caritra atizaya udAtta aura anukaraNIya hotA hai / unakA samagra jIvana samAjoddhAra yA lokopakAra ke kArya ke prati samarpita hotA hai / unake vyaktitva aura kartRtva meM sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM kI apekSA viziSTatA aura camatkAra prApta hotA hai / vasudeva, cU~ki zalAkApuruSa haiM aura unakI jIvanagAthA ko paurANika zailI meM varNita kiyA gayA hai, isIlie isa kathAgrantha meM paurANika tattvoM kI bharamAra hai, jinameM ikSvAkuvaMza, harivaMza evaM gautama, dazArha aura kAzyapavaMza Adi rAjavaMzIya rAjAoM athavA dharmatIrtha ke pravarttaka tIrthaMkaroM; bharata, sagara, sanatkumAra, subhauma, mahApadma, ratnadhvaja, vajradatta, vajranAbha, vajrasena Adi cakravarttiyoM; saikar3oM vidyAdharoM aura vidyAdhariyoM; rAjAoM aura rAjaputroM; rAniyoM aura rAjakumAriyoM, dikkumAriyoM aura deva-deviyoM; tApa-tApasiyoM aura parivrAjaka-parivrAjikAoM; AkAzagAmI cAraNazramaNoM aura zramaNAoM; AzramoM aura caityoM evaM udyAnoM aura vanoM; devaloka aura svargalokoM; narakoM aura 'pAtAlabhUmiyoM; parameSThiyoM aura prativAsudevoM; nAradoM aura brAhmaNoM aura unake putra-putriyoM; adhArmika rAkSasoM aura mAtaMgoM; janapadoM, parvatoM aura sarovaroM; vidyAoM aura vimAnoM Adi ke vipula - vistRta varNana upalabhya haiN| 1. hariSeNa - kRta 'bRhatkathAkoSa', a~garejI bhUmikA, pR. 35 /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prakIrNa kathAoM meM aneka paurANika dhArmika kathAe~ bhI haiN| samagra 'vasudevahiNDI' romAnI DhaMga se prastuta kI gaI dharmakathA hai, isalie isakI prakIrNa kathAoM meM dhArmika paurANika kathAoM kI saMkIrNatA yA mizraNa svAbhAvika hai / yadyapi, isa mahatkathA meM katipaya aisI bhI prakIrNa kathAe~ haiM, jinameM kucha arddha- aitihAsika mahattva ke haiM aura kucha kA upadezAtmaka mahattva hai / arddha- aitihAsika kathAoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna rAjakIya vyakti, vyApArI, zreSThI, dharmapracAraka evaM kalAvidoM ke carita aMkita haiM / upadezAtmaka kathAoM meM asat se sat kI ora jAne kI preraNA ko vibhinna dhArmika rUpoM ke mAdhyama se sampreSita kiyA gayA hai aura pratyAsattyA unameM sadAcAra, naitika protsAhana aura lokaraMjana ke upAdAna sahaja hI viniyukta ho gaye haiM / 152 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prakIrNa kathAoM meM paurANika kathAoM kA mahattva isa dRSTi se adhika hai ki inameM vaidika yA brAhmaNa- paramparA ke alaukika vizvAsoM ko laukika dharAtala pradAna kiyA gayA hai aura devI-devatAoM meM bhI mAnava-sAmAnya durbalatAoM kI sthiti-sambhAvyatA kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki, zramaNa paramparA kA mUla udghoSa hai ki saba kucha mAnavAyatta yA pauruSAyatta hai / 'daivAdhInaM jagatsarvam' ko vaha mAnyatA nahIM pradAna karatI / udAharaNa ke lie, vaidika paramparA kI RSyazRMga kI kathA ko valkalacIrI kI kathA meM, bali-vAmana kI kathA ko viSNukumAra kI kathA meM, rAjA zibi kI kathA ko kabUtara aura bAja kI kathA meM, dakSaprajApati kI kathA ko potanapura ke rAjA dakSa kI kathA meM, gautama aura ahalyA kI kathA ko andhagautama aura ahalyA kI kathA meM, vAlmIkirAmAyaNa kI kathA ko rAmAyaNa kI kathA meM, devakI aura vasudeva kI prasiddha mahAbhAratIya kathA ko devakI aura vasudeva kI ArhatIya kathA meM antarbhAvita karake dekhA jA sakatA hai| inake atirikta nimnAMkita paurANika kathAe~ bhI apanA viziSTa mUlya rakhatI haiM : 1. andhakavRSNi kI kathA ( pratimukha: pR. 112); 2. arajina kI kathA ( ketumatIlambha : pR. 346); 3. RSabhajina kI kathA (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 157 ) 4. kunthujina kI kathA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 344), 5. jamadagni, parazurAma aura kArttavIrya kI kathA ( madanavegAlambha : pR. 235); 6. tripRSTha vAsudeva kI kathA (bandhumatIlambha: pR. 275 tathA ketumatIlambha : 311); 7. dazArha rAjAoM kI kathA ( zyAmAvijayAlambha : pR. 114), 8. nArada, parvataka aura vasurAja kI kathA (soma zrIlambha: pR. 189) 9. pradyumna kumAra kI kathA (pIThikA: pR. 77); 10. bAhubali kI kathA (somazrIlambha: pR. 186), 11. bharata cakravartI kI kathA (tatraiva : pR. 186); 12. mallinAtha, munisuvrata aura namijina kI kathA ( ketumatIlambha: pR. 348), 13. zAntijina kI kathA (tatraiva : pR. 310); 14. zAmbakumAra kI kathA (pIThikA: pR. 77); 15. cakravartI rAjA sagara kI kathA ( priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 300), 16. sanatkumAra cakravartI kI kathA ( madanavegAlambha: pR. 235); 17. harivaMza kI utpatti kI kathA (padmAvatIlambha: pR. 356 ); 18. zreyAMsakumAra kI kathA (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 1964) Adi / niSkarSa : 'vasudevahiNDI' meM saMghadAsagaNI dvArA parigumphita paurANika kathAe~ aneka kathArUDhiyoM aura mithaka- pratIkoM se samAkIrNa haiM tathA tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta jainAmnAya meM paridIkSita rAma aura

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vasudevahiNDI kI paurANika kathAe~ 153 kRSNa ke bhI samujjvala rasapezala caritroM se samudbhAsita haiM / saMghadAsagaNI dvArA vikalpita paurANika kathAoM kI maulikatA isalie svIkArya nahIM hai ki ye pAramparika haiM; kintu maulikatA isa artha meM svIkArya hai ki ye naye DhaMga se gU~thI gaI haiM, grathana- kauzala se hI usameM navyatA AI hai / isIlie, kalAvAdiyoM ne vinyAsa kI navInatA ko mahattva diyA hai / saMghadAsagaNI kI kathA - racanA kI prakriyA meM vastu kI apekSA usakI vinyAsa bhaMgI yA prakAzana-paddhati ko mUlya denA adhika nyAyasaMgata hogaa| kyoMki, unhoMne sarvajanIna aura sArvakAlika bhAvoM aura vicAroM kA navInatA ke sAtha kalpanA - kuzala niyojana kiyA hai aura isI artha meM unakI paurANika kathAoM kI maulikatA yA abhinavatA hai / zramaNa paramparA ke prAkRta-purANa, bArahaveM zrutAMga 'dRSTivAda' ke pA~ca bhedoM (digambara-mata) meM hai I anyatama, prathamAnuyoga ke antarbhUta haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' bhI prathamAnuyoga kA hI kathAgrantha isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' ko gadyanibaddha kathA - sAhitya kA Adisrota mAnane meM koI vipratipatti nahIM / 'vasudebahiNDI' kI paurANika kathAoM ko divya-mAnuSI kathAoM yA dharmakathA - pariNAmI kAmakathAoM ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA gayA hai / isalie ki divyamAnuSI kathA yA kAmakathA sarasa aura AkarSaka hotI hai| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne paurANika kathAoM meM nUtana zilpa-sandhAna aura abhinava rUpa - vinyAsa ke mAdhyama se manorama mArmikatA aura ramaNIya bhAvaruciratA ke sAtha hI kAmAdhyAtma kA samAveza karake apanI adbhuta kathAkovidatA pradarzita kI hai| isa prasaMga meM jJAtavya hai ki jaina lekhakoM ne brAhmaNoM kI paurANika kathAoM ko naye AsaMga meM upasthita karake apane nUtana dRSTikoNa kA paricaya diyA hai; kyoMki unakI dhAraNA thI ki paurANika kathAoM ke bAra-bAra zravaNa karane se paNDitoM kA citta tRpta nahIM hotA / ' isIlie, vimalasUri ne 'vAlmIkirAmAyaNa' ke aneka aMzoM ko kalpita aura avizvasanIya mAnakara jaina rAmAyaNa ke rUpa meM 'paumacariya' kI racanA kI / isI prakAra, haribhadrasUri ne apane 'dhUrttAkhyAna' (prA. dhuttakkhANa) meM brAhmaNoM kI paurANika kathAoM para abhinava zailI meM tIvra vyaMgya kiyA / kintu, prazna yaha thA ki nivRttimArgI jainadharma ke upadezoM ko kauna-sI prabhAvotpAdaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA jAya ki lokaruci dharmapradhAna jaina AkhyAnoM kI ora AkRSTa ho / jaina muniyoM lie zRMgArika kAmakathAoM ke sunane aura sunAne kA niSedha thA, kintu sAmAnya jana ko sAdhAraNatayA kAmakathAoM meM hI rasopalabdhi hotI thii| AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne isa prakAra kI vidhi-niSedhAtmaka sthiti meM eka madhyama mArga nikaalaa| isa sambandha meM unhoMne kahA hai ki "soUNa loiyANaM NaravAhanadattAdINaM kahAo kAmiyAo logo egaMteNa kAmakahAsu rajjati / soggaipahadesiyaM puNa dhammaM soDaM pi necchati ya jarapittavasakaDuyamuho iva gulasakkarakhaMDamacchaMDiyAisu viparItapariNAmo / dhammatthakAma - kaliyANi ya suhANi dhammatthakAmANa ya mUlaM dhammo, tammi ya maMdataro jaNo, taM jaha NAma koI vejjo AuraM 1. bhRzaM zrutatvAnna kathAH purANAH prINanti cetAMsi tathA, budhAnAm / - prabandhacintAmaNi : merutuMga

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154 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA amayausahapANaparaMmuhaM osaDhamiti uvilayaM maNobhilasiyapANavavaeseNa usahaM taM pjjeti| kAmakahAratahitayassa jaNassa siMgArakahAvaseNa dhammaM ceva prikhemi| arthAt, "naravAhanadatta Adi kI laukika kAmakathAoM ko sunakara loga ekabAragI kAmakathA ke prati anurakta ho jAte haiM / pittajvara se yadi kisI rogI kA mu~ha kaDuA ho jAtA hai, to use jisa prakAra gur3a, zakkara, khA~Da, barA Adi mIThI vastue~ bhI kar3avI lagatI haiM, usI prakAra kAmakathA meM anurakta loga viparItapariNAmI sugati-patha kI ora le jAnevAle dharma ko sunanA nahIM caahte| samasta sukha, dharma, artha aura kAma se prApta hote haiM aura dharma svayaM dharma, artha aura kAma kA mUla hai| dharma ke arjana meM loga prAya: zithila rahate haiN| jisa prakAra koI vaidya amRta kI bhA~ti guNakArI (kar3avA) auSadha pIne se katarAnevAle khinna rogI ko usake manonukUla (madhura) pAna ke vyAja se usa auSadha ko pilA detA hai, usI prakAra kAmakathA meM anurakta hRdayavAle logoM ke lie zRMgArakathA ke vyAja se maiM dharma (kathA) kahatA huuN|" __ isa sandarbha se spaSTa hai ki AcArya kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne dharmakathAoM ko zRMgArika aura romAMcaka premAkhyAnoM ke pariveza meM upanyasta kara unheM lokopayogI yA janAsvAdya banAyA hai| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI paurANika kathAoM ke lakSaNa bhale hI kAmAkulita hoM, kintu unakA lakSya dharmAbhinibaddha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM, to 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM ke zarIra kAmapradhAna haiM sahI, kintu unakI AtmAe~ dharmapradhAna haiN| ____ 'vasudevahiNDI' purANetihAsa kA samasAmayika parikalpana bhI hai| isalie, saMghadAsagaNI ne paurANika kathAoM ke mAdhyama se tayugIna samasyAoM ko viziSTa sandarbha dene kI ceSTA kI hai| isa krama meM unhoMne jahA~ samAja kI pragalbha yauna nagnatA kA rocaka vinyAsa kiyA hai, vahIM sAMskRtika cetanA ko abhinava AyAma bhI diyA hai / isake atirikta, lokajIvana ko dhArmika evaM sAmpradAyika Aveza se maNDita karane kI bhAvanA se abhibhUta hokara unhoMne dharmasAdhanA ko pratiSThita karanevAlI paurANika mahApuruSoM kI caritAtmaka kathAoM kA saphala saMkalana aura saMzliSTa saMyojana karake mAnava ko Atmika utthAna kA sArasvata sandeza diyA hai| sUtravAkya meM kaheM to, 'vasudevahiNDI' AkAra-prakAra se purANa hai, aura kathA-kautUhala kI dRSTi se itihAsa kI garimA Ayatta karatI hai| 1. prastuta avataraNa isa zodhaprantha ke AdhArabhUta, yathAprApya 'vasudevahiNDI'-saMskaraNa, prathama khaNDa (AtmAnanda jainasabhA, bhAvanagara, gujarAta) meM nahIM hai| ise DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne apanI prasiddha kRti 'prAkRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa' (pR. 363-64) meM ('vasudevahiNDI', bhAga 2, muni jinavijayajI ke vasanta-mahotsava, saMvat 1984 meM prakAzita 'kuvalayamAlA' lekha se) uddhata kiyA hai|

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adhyayana : 3 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pAramparika vidyAe~ bhAratIya prAcIna vAGmaya meM vidyAoM aura upavidyAoM kI anekazaH carcA AI hai / saMskRta kAvyazAstra meM kAvya kI gaNanA vidyA meM aura kalAoM kI gaNanA upavidyA meM kI gaI hai / isIlie, AcArya bharata ne nATakoM meM sabhI kalAoM ke samuccaya kI sthiti kI carcA karate hue vidyA aura kalA kI alaga-alaga gaNanA kI hai|' aisI gaNanA isalie kI gaI hai ki vidyA jJAnAtmaka hai aura kalA yA upavidyA kriyAtmaka / zaivatantra aura vAtsyAyana ke 'kAmasUtra' meM cauMsaTha kalAoM kI sUcI prApta hotI hai, jabaki jainatantra meM bahattara kalAe~ svIkRta haiN| 'samavAyAMgasUtra' ke anusAra, 'lekha' se prArambha karake 'zakunaruta' - paryanta bahattara kalAoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| inameM ar3atAlIsavIM kalA kA nAma 'vidyAgata' hai| DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne isa vidyA ko mantra-tantra se sambaddha batAyA hai aura kahA hai ki isa vidyA dvArA apanA aura apane iSTa janoM kA iSTasAdhana aura zatru kA aniSTa sAdhana kiyA jA sakatA hai|' 'lalitavistara' meM chiyAsI kalAoM kI carcA hai / inameM bhI ar3atAlIsavIM kalA kA nAma 'mAyAkRta' (indrajAla) hai| vAtsyAyana ne 'kAmasUtra' meM jina cauMsaTha kalAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM bIsavIM kalA 'indrajAla' hai, jo jAdU ke adbhuta kheloM se sambandha rakhatI hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aneka prakAra kI pAramparika vidyAoM kI carcA ke krama meM indrajAla-vidyA kA bhI bhUrizaH varNana kiyA gayA hai / yathAvarNita vidyAoM meM indrajAla yA mAyAkRta vidyA ke vibhinna prakAra kI vivRti isa prakAra hai : stambhinI (kathotpatti : pR. 7) : jaDIkRta yA sthAvara banA denevAlI prastuta indrajAla-vidyA ko jambUsvAmI ne jayapuravAsI vindhyarAja ke jyeSTha putra, cauryavRttijIvI prabhava ke cora sAthiyoM ke lie prayukta kiyA thA / phalataH jambUsvAmI ke ghara meM corI karate hue coroM kA stambhana (mUrttivat gatihIna sthiti) ho gayA thA / aMgAraka aura zyAmalI ( vasudeva kI patnI) donoM bhAI-bahana the / zyAmalI ke vasudeva se vivAha kara lene para aMgAraka ko bar3A nAgavAra gujraa| vaha vasudeva kA pratidvandvI ho gayA / eka dina zyAmalI ke sAtha vasudeva soye the ki aMgAraka unheM hara le calA / mukhAkRti se unhoMne pahacAna liyA ki yaha zyAmalI kA bhAI aMgAraka hai / usapara jyoMhI unhoMne prahAra karanA cAhA, tyoMhI aMgAraka ne stambhinI vidyA kA prayoga kara diyA / vasudeva kA sArA zarIra stambhita ho gayA aura aMgAraka ne unheM aisA pheMkA ki ve ghAsa-phUsa se bhare purAne kue~ meM jA gire| pati ke vinAza ke bhaya se zyAmalI apane bhAI aMgAraka se bhir3a gii| vasudeva kue~ meM par3e-par3e bhAI-bahana kA yuddha dekhate rahe / anta meM, vasudeva nirupasarga hone ke lie kAyotsarga kara hI rahe the ki stambhinI vidyAdevI ha~sakara adRzya ho gaI aura vasudeva kue~ se bAhara nikala Aye (zyAmalI- lambha : pR. 125-126) / 1. na tajjJAnaM na tacchilpaM na sA vidyA na sA kalA / na saMyogo na tatkarma yannATye'sminna dRzyate // - nATyazAstra, 1.116 2. 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna' (saMskaraNa, san 1962 I), pR. 289 3. vibhinna kalAsUciyoM ke viziSTa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'kalA-vivecana' : DaoN. kumAra vimala, pR. 29-40

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156 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA ____mocanI (tatraiva : pR. 7) : gatihInatA yA acalatA se mukta karanevAlI isa vidyA se prabhava ke sAthI stambhana-mukta ho gaye the aura prabhava ne jambUsvAmI se maitrI sthApita kI thii| tAlodghATinI (tatraiva : pR. 7) : tAlA kholanevAlI isa vidyA se prabhava ne jambUsvAmI ke ghara ke kivAr3a ko kholakara corabhaToM ke sAtha bhItara praveza kiyA thaa| avasvApinI (tatraiva : pR.7) : (ka) isa vidyA meM sulA dene kI zakti nihita thii| isa vidyA dvArA prabhava ne jambUsvAmI ke parijanoM ko gaharI nIMda meM sulAkara unake zarIra se vastrAbhUSaNoM ko utArane kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| (kha) RSabhasvAmI kA jaba janma huA thA, taba navajAta zizu ke jAtakarma saMskAra aura abhiSeka ke lie svayaM devarAja indra padhAre the| vaha jinamAtA marudevI ko avasvApinI vidyA se salAkara unakI bagala meM leTe RSabhakamAra ko uThAkara pANDkambalazilA para le gaye aura unakI jagaha nakalI kumAra ko vikurvita kara rakha gaye the| vizeSa zakti dvArA kisI vastu ke pratirUpa kI racanA ko saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vikurcita karane kI kriyA' ('viubbiya) kahA hai| yaha bhI apane-ApameM eka indrajAla-vidyA hI hai (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 161) / (ga) nIlayazA-paricaya ke prasaMga (tatraiva : pR. 178) meM ullekha hai ki kruddha gandharvadattA ko manAne ke upAyoM ko socate hue vasudeva, sandhyA samaya, bichAvana para baiThe the, tabhI hAtha ke sparza se caukanne ho utthe| unheM eka vetAla jabaradastI khIMcakara le jAne lgaa| garbhagRha se unheM vetAla jaba bAhara le jA rahA thA, taba unhoMne dekhA ki sabhI dAsiyA~ soI par3I haiN| unheM nizcaya ho gayA ki vetAla ne avasvApinI vidyA se dAsiyoM ko gambhIra nidrA meM sulA diyA hai| yahA~taka ki vasudeva ke paira ke sparza hone para bhI una dAsiyoM kI nIMda nahIM ttuuttii| isa krama meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki vetAla jaba ghara se bAhara nikalane lagA, taba kivAr3a svayaM khula gaye aura jaba vaha bAhara nikala gayA, taba kivAr3a puna: yathAvat apane-Apa banda ho gaye (tula. : kRSNajanma ke samaya kA prsNg)| utsAraNI (dhammillacarita : pR. 55) : kisI aniSTakartA ko sAmane se haTAne ke lie isa vidyA yA jAdU kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| dhammillacarita meM ullekha hai ki dhammilla jaba vimalasenA ke sAtha ratha para jA rahA thA, taba rAste meM eka bhayAnaka sarpa A khar3A huaa| dhammilla ne sAdhujanoM kI paramparA se prApta utsAriNI vidyA dvArA usa viSadhara ko rAste se haTA diyaa| ___isI kathA-prasaMga meM mantra-prayoga kI bhI carcA huI hai| bhayAnaka sarpa ke bhAga jAne ke bAda jIbha se oTha cATatA, tIkSNa dAr3hoMvAlA eka bAgha mu~ha phAr3e hue vahA~ A pahu~cA, jise dhammilla ne mantraprayoga se dUra haTA diyaa| 1. kahate haiM, Aja bhI kucha cora aise haiM, jo corI karane ke lie ghara meM ghusate haiM, to isa vidyA kA prayoga karake ghara ke logoM ko sulA dete haiN| isake lie ve citAbhasma Adi ko bhI prayoga meM lAte haiN| kauTilya ke arthazAstra (adhikaraNa 14, a. 3) meM bhI prasvApana, tAlodghATana aura dvArApavAraNa mantroM kA ullekha huA hai, sAtha hI ukta mantroM kI vyAvahArika prayoga-vidhi bhI dI gaI hai| 2. Aja bhI vaidika paramparA yA zramaNa-paramparA meM mantra dvArA hI vighnoM yA bhUtoM kA apasAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika paramparA kA mantra hai : apasarpantu te bhUtA ye bhUtA bhuvi saMsthitAH / ye bhUtA vighnakartAraste nazyantu zivAjJayA //

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 157 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pippalAda aura atharvaveda kI utpatti kI kathA (gandharvadattAlambhaH pR.152) ke prasaMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki pippalAda ne atharvaveda kI racanA kI, jisameM usane mAtRmedha, pitRmedha aura abhicAra-mantroM kA prAvadhAna kiyA / jJAtavya hai ki jhAr3a-phUMka karane, kisI ko mantramugdha banAne, jAdU ke mantroM kA bure kAma ke lie prayoga karane Adi ke lie abhicAra-mantroM kI upayogitA mAnI gaI hai| jAdU karane ke lie mantra phUMkane ke kAma ko 'abhicAra' kahA jAtA hai| mAyA kA prayoga (dhammillacarita : pR.56): vibhinna vighnoM ko pAra karate hue dhammilla kA ratha jaba Age bar3hA, taba astra-zastra se sajjita kucha cora rAste meM khar3e mile / dhammilla ne eka hI lAThI ke prahAra se eka cora ko mAra ddaalaa| phira, sahasA DhAla aura bhAlA liye yuddhakuzala aneka cora Akara lar3ane lge| kintu, dhammilla ne sabako khader3a diyaa| coroM ke bhAgate hI unakA senApati garajatA huA aayaa| jitendriya dhammilla ne use mAyAbala se yantra (mazIna) kI bhA~ti ghumAyA aura maukA dekhakara eka hI bhAle ke prahAra se mAra ddaalaa| mahala banAne kI vidyA (tatraiva : pR. 68): yaha vidyA bhI vikuLaNa kI kriyA se hI sambaddha hai| dhammilla ko jaMgalI kSetra meM acAnaka milI eka sundarI bAlikA ne apanA paricaya dene ke krama meM batAyA ki vaha jisa kAmonmatta nAmaka vidyAdhara kI rati cAhatI hai, usane svarNabAlukA dvArA apanI vidyA se eka mahala banAyA hai / vaha vidyAdhara vaMzagulma meM baiThakara vidyA siddha karatA thA / dhammilla ne talavAra kI parIkSA ke kutUhala se vaMzagulma kATane ke krama meM usa vidyAdhara kA sira bhI kATa DAlA, jisase vaha mara gyaa| prajJapti (pIThikA : pR. 92-94; tatraiva: pR. 96-108; zyAmalIlambha : pR. 124; nIlayazAlambha : pR. 164; madanavegAlambha : pR. 240; ketumatIlambha : 308; tatraiva : pR. 329-330) : isa indrajAlavidyA ke siddha yA prApta ho jAne se manuSya sarvAtizAyI zakti se sampanna ho jAtA thA / svayaM vasudeva prajJapti-vidyA se balazAlI bane hue the| unake pautra, kRSNaputra pradyumna ko bhI prajJapti-vidyA siddha thii| pradyumna ko kanakamAlA vidyAdharI se prajJapti-vidyA prApta huI thii| eka bAra kanakamAlA ke putra ne pradyumna ko vizAla bAvalI meM pheMka diyA thaa| vahA~ vaha pAnI ke bhItara gar3e hue zUla meM gu~tha gayA; kintu prajJapti-vidyA siddha rahane se usakI kisI prakAra kI prANahAni nahIM huI / prajJapti-vidyA, apane sAdhakoM ko vipakSa kI sArI bAtoM kI sUcanA bhI detI thI, tAki prajJapti-vidyA-sampanna vyakti AnevAle aniSTa kI ora se sAvadhAna ho jAtA yA usake pratikAra kA upAya kara letA thaa| vimAna utpanna karanA, makAna-mahala banAnA, bhojana-vastra ekatra kara lenA, zatru ke vinAza ke lie sahasA senA khar3I kara denA, rUpa badala denA, ujAr3a denA, basA denA, yAnI hara asambhava ko chU-mantara se sambhava kara dikhAnA prajJapti-vidyA ke vaiziSTya the| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sarvAdhika samartha pAtra kI vizeSatA hai--usakA jaina paramparA meM bhUtApasAraNa yA vighnavinAza kA kAma 'NamokAra mantra' se liyA jAtA hai : vAhi-jala-jalaNa-takkara-hari-kari-saMgAma-visahara-bhayAI / nAsaMti takkhaNeNaM navakArapahANa-maMteNaM // na ya tassa kiMci pahavai DAiNi-veyAla-rakkha-mAri-bhayaM / navakArapahAveNaM nAsaMti ya sayaladuritAI // (karakaNDu-kathAnaka : DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI-kRta 'prAkRta-prabodha' se uddhRta) 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI 'NamokAramantra' ke japa dvArA saMkaTa se ubarane kA ullekha (prabhAvatIlambha : pR. 350) huA hai| Namo arahantANaM' ke japa karane se rAjAzrIvijaya kI vajrapAta se rakSA huI thii| (ketumatIlambha : pR. 316)

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158 vasudevahiNDI ': bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA prajJapti - vidyA se sampanna honA / indrajAla - vidyAoM meM prajJaptividyA apane atilaukika camatkAroM ke kAraNa sarvazreSTha thI / rAmaNa (rAvaNa) ne bhI prajJapti-vidyA kI sAdhanA kI thI / isIlie, vidyAdharoM ke sAmanta usakI sevA meM vinamratApUrvaka tatpara rahate the / prajJapti - vidyA siddha ho jAne se vidyAdhara bhI vazaMvada ho jAte the / vasudeva ko aMjana - guTikA kI siddhi pahale se thI, kintu prajJapti - vidyA unheM apanI vidyAdhara - patnI se hI prApta huI thI / vidyAoM ke dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa hI 'vidyAdhara' saMjJA sArthaka thI / vidyAoM ke adhipati vidyAdhara hI hote the / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prajJapti-vidyA kA pramukha prasaMga yathokta ATha sthaloM para upasthita huA hai / 1. Upara rukmiNIputra pradyumna ke prasaMga meM prajJapti-vidyA kI dhvaMsa aura nirmANa karane kI zakti kI carcA kI gaI hai / yahA~ eka aura prasaMga ullekhya hai ki yuddhopakaraNoM se sajjita hokara yAdavayoddhA jaba se lar3ane nikala par3e, taba pradyumna ne prajJapti ke prabhAva se yAdavayoddhA ke Ayudha vyartha kara diye, ghor3e hAthI naSTa kara diye / pradyumna ke AkramaNa karate hI yAdavayoddhA viratha ho gaye aura mUka darzaka kI bhA~ti khar3e raha gaye / isake bAda yuddha ke lie svayaM kRSNa Aye aura unhoMne jyoMhI apanA zaMkha bajAne lie use hAtha meM liyA, tyoMhI pradyumna ke Adeza se prajJapti ne usameM bAlU bhara dI / zaMkha niHzabda ho * gayA / kRSNa ne jaba sudarzana cakra chor3A, taba vaha bhI prajJapti - vidyA ke prabhAva se pradyumna ke ratha kI pradakSiNA karake lauTa gyaa| vaidika paramparA meM sudarzana cakra ko amogha kahA gayA hai, kintu zramaNaparamparA kI prajJapti-vidyA usase bhI atizAyI ho gaI hai / 2. jAmbavatI-putra zAmba ne bhI prajJaptividyA ke bala se hI satyabhAmA ke putra bhAnu ko bAra-bAra parezAnI meM DAlA thA aura usake sAtha vivAha ke lie nizcita kI gaI ATha sau rAjakanyAoM se svayaM vivAha kara liyA thA / 3. zyAmalIlambha meM aMgAraka vidyAdhara ke paricaya - prasaMga meM bhI prajJapti-vidyA kI carcA AI hai| rAjya-prApti aura prajJapti-prApti donoM kA samAna mUlya thA / isIlie, aMgAraka ne apanI mA~ vimalAbhA ke parAmarzAnusAra rAjya ke badale prajJapti-vidyA hI grahaNa kI thii| rAjya usake choTe bhAI azanivega ne svIkAra kiyA / prajJapti-vidyA ke bala se hI aMgAraka mAyA ke pradarzana meM kuzala thA / talavAra se zyAmalI ko do Tukar3e karake do zyAmalI banA denA aura lar3ate-lar3ate adRzya ho jAnA Adi prajJapti hI mAyA ke khela ke rUpa meM pradarzita haiM / 4. cauthe nIlayazAlambha meM ullekha hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke sambandhI nami aura vinami nAma ke vidyAdhara hAtha meM khaGga lekara avizrAnta bhAva se sabhAsthala meM dhyAna ke samaya bhagavAn kI sevA karate the / unakI bhagavatsevA para prasanna hokara nAgarAja dharaNa ne una donoM ke lie vaitADhya parvata ke donoM pArzvoM meM sthita do vidyAdhara- zreNiyA~ pradAna kiiN| cU~ki vahA~ paidala jAnA sambhava nahIM thA, isalie AkAzagAminI vidyA bhI dii| isake atirikta, nAgarAja ne unheM gandharva aura nAgajAti kI mahArohiNI, prajJapti, gaurI, vidyunmukhI, mahAjAlA, tiraSkramiNI (tiraskariNI), bahurUpA Adi ar3atAlIsa hajAra vidyAe~ bhI pradAna kIM / 5. rAmaNa dvArA prajJapti-vidyA kI siddhi kA ullekha pahale ho cukA hai| 6. vasudeva ne apanI vidyAdharI patnI prabhAvatI se prajJapti-vidyA prApta kara apane vidyAdhara pratidvandvI mAnasavega, aMgAraka, hephphaga aura nIlakaNTha- ina cAroM ko parivAra sahita parAjita kiyA thA /

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 7. ikkIsaveM ketumatIlambha kI kathA hai ki prazasta pariNAmavAlA anantavIrya bhI naraka se udvartita hokara jambUdvIpasthita bharatakSetra meM, vaitADhyaparvata kI uttarazreNI meM avasthita gaganavallabha nagara meM, rAjA meghavAhana kI rAnI meghamAlinI ke garbha se meghanAda nAmaka putra ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| krama se vaha bar3A huA aura eka sau dasa nagaroM ke rAjyoM meM apane putroM ko sthApita kara svayaM vidyAdhara-cakravartI ke bhogoM kA upabhoga karane lgaa| kisI eka dina vaha mandAra parvata para gyaa| vahA~ usane nandanavanasthita siddhAyatana meM prajJapti kI siddhi ke lie bhaktibhAvapUrvaka jinapUjA kii| 8. vidyAdharoM kI bhA~ti vidyAriyoM ko bhI prajJapti-vidyA siddha thii| ukta ketumatIlambha meM hI kathA AI hai ki vaitADhya parvata kI uttara zreNI meM sthita kinnaragIta nAmaka nagara ke rAjA dIptacUDa kI putrI sukAntA thii| usI kI putrI zAntimatI maNisAgara parvata para prajJapti-vidyA kI sAdhanA kara rahI thii| usI samaya eka pApI vidyAdhara use khIMca le gyaa| kintu, usI kSaNa usakI prajJapti-vidyA siddha ho gaI aura vaha pApI vidyAdhara usa vidyA ke bhaya se bhAga khar3A huaa| prajJapti-vidyA paracittajJAna(TelipaithI) aura dUradarzaka yantra (Teliskopa) kA bhI kAma karatI thii| tabhI rukmiNIputra pradyumna ne dvAravatI se dUra rahakara bhI prajJaptividyA ke dvArA svajana-parijana se ghire bhAnukumAra (satyabhAmA-putra) ko dvAravatI meM khelate hue dekhA thA aura usake citta ke bhAvoM ko par3ha liyA thA (pIThikA : pR. 94) / ___ ukta vidyAoM kI kalpanA kevala aindrajAlika kuzalatA ke rUpa meM hI nahIM, apitu devI ke rUpa meM bhI kI gii| isIlie, prajJapti-vidyA ko 'bhagavatI' kahA gayA hai| vaidika tantra meM bhI dasa mahAvidyAoM kI kalpanA deviyoM ke rUpa meM hI kI gaI hai| bandhavimokSaNI (zyAmalIlambha : pR. 125) : isa indrajAla-vidyA ke dvArA bandhana se mukta ho jAne kI kSamatA prApta hotI thii| vasudeva ne apanI tIsarI vidyAdharI patnI zyAmalI ko bandhavimokSaNI-vidyA sikhalAI thI, jise unhoMne zara (sarakaNDe) ke vana meM siddha kiyA thaa| zyAmalI ko vasudeva ke pratinAyaka aMgAraka se barAbara pakar3e jAne kA Dara banA rahatA thA, isIlie use yaha vidyA vasudeva ne dI thii| bandhavimocanI aura praharaNAvaraNI(ketumatIlambha:pR. 318): yuddha meM lar3ate samaya bandI hone para mukti dilAnevAlI tathA astraprahAra ko roka lenevAlI ina donoM vidyAoM se sampanna yoddhA aparAjeya hotA thaa| camaracaMcA nagara ke rAjA azanighoSa ne jaba potanapura ke rAjA zrIvijaya kI apahRtA rAnI 1.(ka) vaidika tantrokta dasa mahAvidyAeM isa prakAra hai : kAlI nArA mahAvidyA poDazI bhuvanezvarI / bhairavI chinamastA ca mAtaGgI vijayA jayA // (kha) matAntara meM dasa mahAvidyAeM haiM : kAlI, tArA, SoDazI, bhuvanezvarI, bhairavI, chinnamastA, dhUmAvatI, bagalAmukhI, mAtaMgI aura kamalAtmikA / nepAla mahArAja pratApasiMha-kRta 'purazcaryArNava' ('zaktisaMgama' ke pR.13 para uddhRta) meM dasa mahAvidyAe~ isa prakAra haiM : kAlI tArA chinnamastA sundarI bagalA rmaa| mAtaGgI bhuvanezAnI siddhavidyA ca bhairavI // dhUmAvatI ca dazamI mahAvidyA daza smRtaaH|

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160 vasadevahiNDI:bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA sutArA ko vApasa karane se inakAra kara diyA, taba rAjA arkakIrti ke putra amitateja ne apane bahanoI zrIvijaya kI ora se yuddha kI taiyArI zurU kara dii| isI krama meM amitateja ne zrIvijaya ko ukta donoM vidyAe~ diiN| zrIvijaya ne pratyeka vidyA ko sAta rAta taka japa karake siddha kiyaa| patralaghukikA (zyAmalIlambha : pR. 125) : (ka) isa jAdU-vidyA se zarIra ko patte kI bhA~ti halkA kara lene kI zakti prApta hotI thii| vasudeva ne isa vidyA ko bhI sarakaNDe ke jaMgala meM hI siddha kiyA thA aura use apanI patnI zyAmalI ko sikhAyA thaa| __(kha) ketumatIlambha (pR. 328) meM bhI patralaghu-vidyA kI carcA AI hai| eka dina tripurAdhipati vidyAdhara vIrAMgada ne azokavATikA se pUrvabhAratavarSa ke nandanapura ke rAjA mahendra kI do putriyoMkanakazrI aura dhanazrI ko apahata kara liyaa| vIrAMgada kI patnI vajrazyAmalinI ne bhImATavI meM una becArI donoM bahanoM ko mukta karA diyaa| phira, usane donoM bahanoM meM patralaghu-vidyA saMkrAnta kara dI, jisase ve, patte kI taraha zarIra ke halkA ho jAne ke kAraNa, ur3atI huI veNuvana meM bA~sa kI jhAr3I para jA girI aura vahA~ anazana karake kAlagata huiiN| usake bAda kanakazrI indra kI navamikA nAma kI agramahiSI huI aura dhanazrI kubera kI patnI bnii| AkAzagAminI : isa vidyA ke camatkAra se pUrI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAvastu otaprota hai| vibhinna prakAra se rUpoM kA parivartana vidyAdhariyoM ke lie sahaja sAdhya thaa| ye apanI icchA ke anusAra rUpa dhAraNa karanevAlI, sura-sundariyoM ko bhI vismita karanevAlI aura cirakAlavarNanIya lakSaNa-guNoM se sampanna zarIravAlI thiiN| ye svayaM AkAza meM to ur3atI hI thIM, dUsaroM ko bhI ur3A le jAtI thIM aura AkAzamArga se jAkara, palabhara meM kArya karake vApasa calI AtI thiiN| ye antarikSa meM hI khar3I hokara martyavAsiyoM se bAta karane meM samartha thiiN| zramaNoM ko bhI AkAzagamana kI vidyA siddha thii| vidyAdhara AkAzagamana Adi sabhI vidyAe~ jAnate the aura jaba ve kisI ko vidyAe~ pradAna karate the, taba unakI sAdhana-vidhi bhI batalA dete the| AkAzagamana kI zakti se sampanna vidyAdhara aparAjeya hote the, isIlie unase sabhI Darate the| vidyAdhara prAya: 'savidya' hote the aura manuSya 'aviccha' / 'avidya' manuSya jaba 'savidya' ho jAte the, taba vidyAdhara saMkaTakAla meM barAbara usakI sahAyatA ke lie tatpara rahate the| AkAzagamana kI vidyA se yukta damitAri vidyAdhara se parAjita hone kA bhaya rAjA AntavIrya aura aparAjita ko barAbara satAyA karatA thaa| isalie, unhoMne pUrvagRhIta vidyAoM ko, jinameM AkAzakyiA bhI sammilita thI, siddha karane kA nizcaya kiyA, tabhI saMyogavaza pUrvabhava kI vidyAe~ vahA~ upasthita ho gaI (kevumatIlambha : pR. 325) / ' 1. kauTilya ke arthazAstra (14.3) meM bhI AkAzagAmI mantra aura usakI rocaka prayoga-vidhi kA ullekha hai| AkAzagAmI mantra prasvApana Adi (yadyapi, kevala prasvApana ke aura bhI kaI matra aura unakI vicitra prayoga-vidhiyAM hai) mantroM ke samAna hai| mantra hai : 'upaimi zaraNaM cAgni daivatAni dizo daza / apayAntu ca sarvANi vazatAM yAntu me sadA // svaahaa|' isa mantra kI prayoga-vidhi isa prakAra hai : cAra rAta taka upavAsa karane ke bAda kRSNapakSa kI caturdazI ko kisI bhagna puruSa kI haDDI se baila kI mUrti banAye aura use ukta mantra se abhimantrita kre| aisA karane se do bailoM se jutI huI gAr3I vahAM upasthita ho jAtI hai| usake dvArA (vaha sAdhaka) AkAza meM caMkramaNa karatA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 161 vetAlavidyA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 150; ketumatIlambha : 317-319) : (ka) isa jAdUvidyA se kisI ke bhI zarIra ko mRta dikhalAyA jA sakatA thaa| vidyAdhara isa vidyA kA prayoga vizeSata: usa sthiti meM karate the, jaba ve kisI vivAhitA strI ko apane kAma ke adhIna banAnA cAhate the| gandharvadattAlambha meM kathA hai ki amitagati vidyAdhara kA pratinAyaka dhUmasiMha vidyAdhara ne vetAlavidyA dvArA usakI (amitagati kI) vidyAdharI patnI sukumArikA ko apahata kara apanI ora AkRSTa karane ke lie use (sukumArikA ko) usake pati (amitagati) kA mRta zarIra dikhalAyA thA aura kahA thA : "yahI tumhArA svAmI hai| merI ho jAo yA jalatI Aga (citA) meM praveza kro|" __ (kha)ketumatIlambha (pR. 317) meM bhI vetAlavidyA se sambaddha eka kathA hai : rAjA zrIvijaya aura rAnI sutArA ke apaharaNa ke bAda potanapura ke sabhI purajana kiMkartavyavimUr3ha the| tabhI, kuNDala dhAraNa kiye caMcalagati dIpazikha vidyut ke samAna AkAzamArga se nIce utarA aura vaha, sabako jayAzIrvAda dekara kahane lagA : maiM sambhinnazrotra jyotiSI kA putra hU~ / hama pitA-putra vaitADhya-zikhara para rathanUpuracakravAla nagara ke adhipati kI udyAna-zrI kA svacchanda anubhava karake jyotirvana-pradeza kI ora prasthita hue| tabhI, hamane camaracaMcAnagara ke adhipati azanighoSa ko kisI strI ko curAkara le jAte dekhaa| vaha strI cillA rahI thI : "hA zrIvijaya ! amitateja ! mujhe bcaaie| mujha anAtha aura bebasa kA apaharaNa kiyA jA rahA hai !" usa strI kA krandana sunakara hamane apaharaNa karanevAle azanighoSa kA pIchA kiyaa| tabhI hameM vipatti meM par3I, graha se abhibhUta sazarIra cintA ke samAna rAnI sutArA dikhAI pdd'ii| jaba hama donoM pitA-putra azanighoSa ko lalakAra kara usase jUjhane ke lie Amane-sAmane khar3e hue, tabhI rAnI sutArA ne hameM Adeza diyA : "jUjhanA vyartha hai| zIghra jyotirvana jaao| vahA~ mere svAmI vetAlavidyA se pIr3ita ho rahe haiN|" rAnI ke AdezAnusAra hama zIghra hI jyotirvana phuNce| vahA~ hamane rAjA ko citA para Aga kI lapaToM ke bIca rAnI ke pratirUpa (nakalI rAnI) ke sAtha svarNakAnti ke samAna sulagate dekhaa| mere pitA (sambhinna zrotra) ne vidyA ke bala se pAnI utpanna kara citA bujhA dii| taba, vetAlavidyA ghora aTTahAsa karake lupta ho gii| (ga) vetAlavidyA se mohana (hipnaoNTijma) kA bhI kAma liyA jAtA thaa| azanighoSa jaba zaraNApanna huA, taba usane spaSTIkaraNa kiyA ki vaha bhrAmarI-vidyA' siddha karane ke uddezya se bhagavAn saMjayanta ke Ayatana meM eka saptAha kA upavAsa karake lauTa rahA thA, tabhI jyotirvana ke nikaTa use prabhAmayI rAnI sutArA dikhAI pdd'iiN| unako dekhate hI usake mana meM parama snehAnurAga utpanna ho aayaa| aba vaha vahA~ se Age nahIM bar3ha pA rahA thaa| taba, usane mRgazAvaka kA rUpa 1. saMghadAsagaNI ne isakA vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| zAktatantra ke anusAra, bhrAmarI durgA kA paryAya hai| mArkaNDeyapurANAntargata durgAsaptazatI (1152-54) meM apanI bhrAmarI saMjJA kI nirukti karate hue devI ne svayaM kahA hai: yadAruNAkhyatrailokye mahAbAdhAM kariSyati // tadAhaM prAmaraM rUpaM kRtvAsaMkhyeyaSaTpadam / trailokyasya hitArthAya vadhiSyAmi mahAsuram // prAmarIti ca mAM lokAstadA stoSyanti sarvataH // arthAt, jaba aruNa nAmaka daitya tInoM lokoM meM bhArI upadrava macAyagA, taba maiM tInoM lokoM kA hita karane ke lie chaha pairoMvAle asaMkhya pramaroM kA rUpa dhAraNa karake usa mahAdaitya kA vadha krugii| usa samaya saba loga 'prAmarI' ke nAma se cAroM ora merI stuti kreNge|

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162 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA dharakara zrIvijaya (rAnI sutArA kA pati) ko mohane ke nimitta vetAlavidyA kA prayoga karake use vyAkula kara diyA aura rAnI sutArA ko lekara cala par3A / isa prakAra, spaSTa hai ki vetAlavidyA ko vibhinna prakAra kI kAryasiddhi ke lie vibhinna rUpoM meM prayukta kiyA jAtA thA / kintu, parakIyA ko dharSaNa dvArA svAnukUla banAnA hI isa vidyA kA kendrIya uddezya thA / tiraskariNI (tiraSkramaNI) : isa indrajAla-vidyA dvArA apane ko yA kisI vastu ko chipA dene kI kSamatA prApta hotI thI / vidyAdhara isa vidyA ko usa sthiti meM prayukta karate the, jaba unheM koI samAjavirodhI yA lokavidviSTa kArya karane (athavA usapara paradA DAlane kI AvazyakatA hotI thI / pradyumna kA jaba janma huA, taba dhUmaketu pUrvabhava ke vairAnubandhavaza zizu kA apaharaNa karake use bhUtaramaNa aTavI kI zilA para chor3a aayaa| zizu apane nAma se aMkita mudrA ke ratna se di rahA thaa| kAlasaMvara vidyAdhara usI samaya apanI patnI kanakamAlA ke sAtha usa ora AyA / zizu ko dekha kanakamAlA mugdha ho gaI aura use uThAkara vaitADhya parvata kI dakSiNa zreNI ke pazcima digbhAga meM base meghakUTa nAmaka nagara meM sthita apane ghara meM le AI aura vahA~ usane utsava mnaayaa| logoM kI jijJAsA kI zAnti ke lie yaha ghoSaNA karA dI gaI ki kanakamAlA kA garbha tiraskariNI 'vidyA dvArA pracchanna thaa| Aja hI pradyumna nAma se kumAra kA janma huA hai (pR. 84 : pIThikA) / isI prakAra, vidyAdharI mandodarI ko jaba sItA nAma kI pahalI putrI paidA huI thI, taba use, lakSaNazAstriyoM (jyotiSI) ke kathanAnusAra, kulakSaya ke bhaya se, mandodarI ke saMketa para usake amAtya ne ratna se bharI maMjUSA meM banda kara diyA thA aura ve tiraskariNI vidyA se apane ko pracchanna ( adRzya) karake mithilA ke rAjA janaka kI udyAnabhUmi meM calate hue hala kI noka ke nIce use rakha Aye the / navajAta zizu kA parityAga sAmAjika dRSTi se bahuta hI anucita hai, isalie mandodarI ke amAtyoM ne tiraskariNI vidyA kA prayoga kiyA (madanavegAlambha: rAmAyaNa : pR. 241 ) zumbha-nizumbhA mizrI dhanazrIlambha: pR. 195 ) : zumbhA vidyA se Upara ur3ane aura nizumbhA se nIce utarane kI kSamatA prApta hotI thI / isIlie ina donoM ko saMyukta rUpa meM 'utpata - nipatanI' isase isa bAta kA spaSTa saMketa milatA hai ki bhrAmarI vidyA, bhaure utpanna karake unase zatru ko AcchAdita kara saMkaTagrasta karane kI koI vidyA rahI hogii| saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI mahatkathAkRti ke pIThikA prakaraNa (pR. 99) meM prajJapti-vidyA ke bala se bhaure kI jagaha macchara utpanna karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| pradyumna ne vidyAbala se zAmba kA rUpa bur3hiyA (mAtaMgavRddhA) kI taraha banA diyaa| usake bAda ve donoM rAjA rukmI ke pAsa pahu~ce / mAtaMgavRddhA kI A~khoM se maccharoM kI jhar3I nikala rahI thii| una maccharoM se rukmI ke sabhAsadoM kI A~kheM Dhaka gaI thIM aura una (maccharoM) ke daMza se ve sabhI gU~ge-se ho gaye the / 1. kauTilya ne bhI apane arthazAstra (14. 3) meM antardhAna hone ke ATha prakAra ke yogoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| eka adbhuta yoga isa prakAra hai : tIna rAta taka upavAsa kiyA huA vyakti puSyanakSatra meM kuttA, billI, ullU aura bAgulI - ina cAroM jAnavaroM kI donoM A~khoM kA alaga-alaga cUrNa banAye / tadanantara, dAIM A~khoM ke bane cUrNa ko dAI A~kha para aura bAI A~khoM ke bane cUrNa ko bAIM A~kha para lgaaye| isase usa vyakti kI chAyA aura kAyA, donoM adRzya ho jAtI haiN|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 163 (prA. uppaya-nippayaNIo) kahA gayA hai| chaThe, mitrazrI-dhanazrIlambha kA prArambha hI isa vidyA kI carcA se huA hai| vasudeva ke hI mukha se isa prasaMga kA AsvAda leM : ___"eka dina girikUTa grAma ke bAhara maiMne aindrajAlika ko dekhaa| usane baragada para rahanevAle nAgakumAroM ko dikhlaayaa| maiMne socA : yaha vidyAdhara kisI kAraNa se hI yahA~ AyA hai| isake sAtha mela karanA caahie| phira, vaha aindrajAlika mujhe budha aura vibudha ke mandira meM dikhAI pdd'aa| vaha mujhe bar3e Adara se nihAra rahA thaa| maiMne pahacAna liyA ki yaha vidyAdhara hI hai| maiMne usase pUchA : 'kaho, kisalie Aye ho? kyA kara rahe ho?' merI bAta sunakara vaha mujhe ekAnta meM le jAkara kahane lagA : 'sacamuca, maiM vidyAdhara hI huuN| mere pAsa zumbhA aura nizumbhA nAma kI Upara ur3ane aura nIce utarane kI do sukhasAdhya vidyAe~ haiN| unheM maiM tumheM detA huuN| tuma usake pAtra ho / pUjA ke vidhAna kI sArI vastue~ maiM juTA luuNgaa| tuma kAla (kRSNa) caturdazI ke dina akele mujhase milo| eka hajAra ATha bAra AvRtti karane se vidyA siddha ho jaaygii|' maiMne vidyAdhara kI bAta mAna lI aura caturdazI ke dina upavAsa karake vidyAe~ grahaNa kii|" ___ saMghadAsagaNI ne isa indrajAla-vidyA kI dUsarI saMjJA 'AvartanI' aura 'nivartanI' bhI dI hai, sAtha hI isake siddha karane kI vidhi kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai| vasudeva ne apanI AtmakathA ko Age bar3hAte hue kahA: - "isake bAda maiMne (patnI) somazrI se kahA : 'maiMne eka niyama le rakhA hai, isalie mandira meM vAsa kruuNgaa|' phira, somazrI se anumata hokara aura isa bAta ko kisI se na kahane kI cetAvanI dekara maiM sandhyA meM nikala gyaa| vidyAdhara mujhe pahale pahAr3a kI guphA meM le gayA, phira vahA~ se hama khar3I coTIvAle pahAr3oM se bhare pradeza meM phuNce| pUjA kI vidhi samApta kI gii| usake bAda vidyAdhara ne mujhase kahA : 'vidyA kI AvRtti kro| eka hajAra ATha AvRtti pUrI hote hI vimAna utaregA aura tuma usameM ni:zaMka car3ha jaanaa| vimAna jaba sAta-ATha tala Upara paha~ca jAyagA, taba tuma nivartanI (nipatanI) vidyA kI, icchA ke anusAra, AvRtti karanA / vimAna nIce utara aaygaa| maiM tumhArI rakSA ke nimitta nikaTa meM hI thor3I dUra para rhuuNgaa|' yaha kahakara vidyAdhara calA gyaa|" vidyA kA camatkAra bhI vasudeva ko pratyakSa dikhAI par3A, kintu vaha to sahI mAnI meM aindrAlika ke indrajAla kA camatkAra yA chalAvA thaa| atizaya sAhasI puruSa vasudeva kI kaTu anubhUti kA AsvAda unake hI mukha se leM : "maiM ekacitta hokara vidyA kA japa karane lgaa| japa pUrA hote hI vimAna utraa| usameM ghaNTe lage hue the, jinase raMnaranAhaTa ho rahI thI aura vimAna meM vividha phUloM kI surabhipUrNa mAlAe~ laTaka rahI thiiN| usake bIca meM Asana thaa| maiMne socA : 'merI vidyA siddha ho gii| mujhe vimAna para car3ha jAnA caahie|' maiM vimAna meM jA baitthaa| vimAna dhIre-dhIre Upara uThane lgaa| thor3A Upara uThane para maiMne anumAna kiyA, vimAna parvata-zikhara kI barAbarI meM ur3a rahA hai| isake bAda eka dizA kI ora vimAna ur3a claa| phira, mujhe aisA lagA, jaise vimAna Ubar3a-khAbar3a pradeza meM skhalita hotA huA cala rahA hai / mere mana meM cintA huI : 'vimAna kahIM parvata kI dIvAra para to nahIM cala rahA hai; kyoMki yaha Upara-nIce lar3akhar3AtA cala rahA hai| sambhava hai, vidyAdhara kA koI prayoga ho|' yaha socakara maiM AvartanI (nipatanI) vidyA kA japa karane lgaa| phira bhI, vimAna Age hI bar3hatA calA

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164 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA gyaa| isake bAda maiMne kucha AdamiyoM ke parizramajanita ucchvAsa kA zabda sunaa| subaha ho cukI thii| maiMne dekhA, vahIM kucha AdamI vinA aTake-bhaTake mujhe kahIM le jA rahe haiN| maiM socane lagA : 'kisI kI salAha se kisI puruSa dvArA prayukta isa kRtrima vimAna ko nizcaya hI rassI se khIMcakara lAyA gayA hai / ' maiM vimAna se nIce utarakara bhAga calA / " apratihatA (madanavegAlambha: pR. 238 ) : yaha vidyA, apanI saMjJA ke anusAra, sAdhaka ko amogha zakti se sampanna kara detI thii| dussAdhya kAryoM ko bhI vismayakArI DhaMga se sukhasAdhya banA detI thii| yaha vidyA parazurAma ko eka navadIkSita sAdhu se prApta huI thii| isa sambandha meM eka rocaka kathA caudahaveM madanavegAlambha meM prApya hai : eka dina indrapura ke rAjA jitazatru kI paTarAnI putraprApti kI icchA se rAjA ke sAtha jamadagni RSi ke Azrama meM pahu~cI / vahA~ rAnI ne RSipatnI reNukA se kahA: "RSi se kaho ki ve mantrasiddha caru (cAvala se banI devAhutti) mujhe deM, jisase mujhe putra utpanna ho / " reNukA ke Agraha para jamadagni ne do caru mantrasiddha kiye, jinameM eka reNukA ko diyA aura dUsarA rAnI ko / rAnI ne reNukA se kahA : "tuma apanA mujhe de do| kyoMki RSi ne avazya hI apane putra kI prApti ke nimitta tumhAre caru ko viziSTa rUpa se mantrasiddha kiyA hogA / mere pAsa jo caru hai, use tuma le lo|" reNukA ne rAnI se apanA caru badala liyA / yathAsamaya reNukA ne rAma (parazurAma) ko janma diyaa| / eka bAra vyApAriyoM ke sAtha kucha sAdhu cala rahe the| jaba ve sabhI jaMgala meM praveza kara gaye, taba jamadagni ne vyApAriyoM se bichur3e hue roga se abhibhUta eka navadIkSita sAdhu ko dekhaa| vaha use apane Azrama meM le AyA aura usakI prayatnapUrvaka sevA karake use svastha banA diyA / isase sAdhu ne prasanna hokara jamadagni ko 'apratihatA- vidyA' pradAna kii| jamadagni ne usa vidyA kI sAdhanA kI aura usakI siddhi kI parIkSA ke lie, apane pharase ko usa vidyA se abhimantrita kara padmasara meM chor3a diyaa| pariNAmataH, sarovara kA sArA pAnI sUkha gyaa| isa prakAra, vidyA kI siddhi ke prati vizvasta hokara jamadagni sukhapUrvaka jaMgala meM ghUmane lagA / jvAlavatI (prA. 'jAlavaMtI' ) : caudahaveM madanavegAlambha kI rAmAyaNa-kathA meM isa vidyA kA ullekha huA hai| rAma kI senA ne jaba rAmaNa ke pradhAna yoddhAoM kA vinAza kara diyA, taba rAmaNa ne jvAlavatI vidyA kI sAdhanA prArambha kii| isa vidyA kI sAdhanA kA uddezya rAma kI senA kA vinAza thA / kintu, rAma aura lakSmaNa rAmaNa se adhika zaktizAlI the / vidyAsiddhi ke bAvajUda rAmaNa, lakSmaNa ke dvArA pratinikSipta, apane cakra se hI mArA gayA (pR. 244) / 1 AbhoginI (pR. 330): isa vidyA meM parokSa kI ghaTanA kA samAcAra prApta karane kI zakti nihita thI / ketumatIlambha kI kathA hai ki kinnaragIta nagara ke rAjA dIptacUDa kI nAtina zAntimatI ko eka pApI vidyAdhara khIMca le gayA thA / zAntimatI maNisAgara parvata para bhagavatI prajJapti-vidyA kI sAdhanA kara rahI thI / jaba vaha maNisAgara parvata para nahIM dikhAI par3I, taba 'AbhoginI' (samAcAra denevAlI) vidyA ke bala se usakI vAstavika sthiti kI sUcanA prApta kI gaI / pandrahaveM vegavatIlambha (pR. 249) meM bhI samAcAra denevAlI vidyA kI carcA AI hai| eka bAra vasudeva ko, unakI patnI madanavegA kA chadmarUpa dharakara duSTa vidyAdharI zUrpaNakhI AkAzamArga / unakI eka dUsarI vidyAdharI patnI vegavatI rote-rote behAla ho gii|

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vasadevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 165 usake mAtA-pitA ne yaha kahakara Azvasta kiyAH "beTI ! santApa chor3o ! tumhAre pAsa to vidyAe~ haiN| unakI AvRtti (japa) karake apane svAmI kA samAcAra prApta kro|" yahA~ avazya hI pUrvokta 'AbhoginI' vidyA kI ora saMketa hai| sarpavidyA (pR. 254) : isa vidyA meM viSaile sA~poM kA viSa utArane kI zakti thii| gAruDika (sarpavaidya) isakA prayoga bar3I saphalatA se karate the| solahaveM bAlacandrAlambha kI kathA hai ki mahAdAnI rAjA siMhasena eka dina bhavitavyatA se prerita hokara bhANDAra meM ghusA aura jyoMhI ratnoM para dRSTi DAlI, tyoMhI ratna para baiThe 'agandhana' nAmaka bhayaMkara sarpa ne use DaMsa liyaa| sA~pa bhAga gyaa| rAjA ke zarIra meM viSa phailane lgaa| sarpavaidya upacAra karane meM juTa gye| garuDatuNDa nAmaka gAruDika ne sA~poM ko bulaayaa| jo sA~pa aparAdhI nahIM the, unheM to vidA kara diyA, kintu 'agandhana' sarpa khar3A rhaa| gAruDika ne vidyAbala se 'agandhana' sarpa ko rAjA ke zarIra se viSa cUsane ko prerita kiyaa| parantu atizaya mAna ke kAraNa vaha sarpa viSa cUsane ko taiyAra nahIM huaa| taba, gAruDika ne use jalatI huI Aga meM DAla diyaa| mahAjAlavidyA (mahAjAlinI vidyA) : isa vidyA meM sabhI prakAra kI vidyAoM ke chedana kI zakti hotI thii| ikkIsaveM ketumatIlambha (pR. 318) meM ullekha hai ki rAjA azanighoSa ko vidyA meM adhika prauDha jAnakara usakA pratidvandvI rAjA amitateja sabhI vidyAoM kA chedana karanevAlI - mahAjAlavidyA kI sAdhanA ke lie taiyArI karane lgaa| usI krama meM vaha apane jyeSTha putra sahasrarazmi ke sAtha hImanta parvata para gyaa| vahA~ bhagavAn saMjayanta aura nAgarAja dharaNa kI pratimAe~ pratiSThita thiiN| unhIM ke caraNaprAnta meM vaha mAsika bhakta (upavAsa) aura sAptAhika pratimA (vrata) dvArA vidyA kI ArAdhanA karane lagA aura sahasrarazmi usakI dekharekha meM tatpara rahane lgaa| isa prakAra, amitateja kA vidyA ke lie sAdhanA kA yoga calane lgaa| idhara azanighoSa ne apane yuddhajayI putroM ke sAtha milakara zrIvijaya (amitateja kA bahanoI, rAnI sutArA kA pati, jise azanighoSa ne hara liyA thA) para AkramaNa kara diyaa| azanighoSa ko aneka vidyAe~ siddha thI : zrIvijaya ne jaba azanighoSa ke do Tukar3e kara DAle, taba do azanighoSa ho gye| unake do-do Tukar3e karane para cAra azanighoSa ho gaye / isa prakAra azanighoSoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI calI gaI aura zrIvijaya vismita hokara prahAra karate-karate thaka gyaa| isI bIca amitateja kI mahAjAlinI vidyA siddha ho gii| mahAprabhAvazAlI siddhavidya amitateja ko dekhakara azanighoSa ke mana meM Dara paidA ho gyaa| isalie, vaha apanI senA ko chor3akara bhAga gayA aura usake pakSadhara prAyaH sabhI vidyAdhara bhI cAroM ora bhAga cle| kathAkAra dvArA varNita isa azanighoSa kI pratirUpatA 'durgAsaptazatI' meM varNita raktabIjAsura se parilakSita hotI hai| kathA hai ki raktabIja ke jitane hI raktabindu girate the, utanI hI saMkhyA meM raktabIja utpanna ho jAte the| taba, amitateja ne, jo vidyAdhara nahIM bhAga rahe the, unapara bhISaNa AkramaNa karane kA Adeza dekara mahAjAlavidyA ko bhejaa| mahAjAlavidyA se mohita (vazIbhUta) sabhI vidyAdhara-zatru nirupAya hokara amitateja kI zaraNa meM A gire| vidyAmukhI : yaha vidyA zatru kA pIchA karane ke lie prerita kI jAtI thii| jaba azanighoSa bhAga gayA, taba amitateja ne use na chor3ane kI AjJA dekara vidyAmukhI vidyA ko bhejA / vidyAmukhI

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166 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA vidyA usakA usI prakAra pIchA karane lagI, jisa prakAra rAma ke tRNabANa ne jayanta kA pIchA kiyA thaa| vidyAmukhI vidyA dvArA vApasa Ane ko vivaza kiyA gayA azanighoSa kahIM bhI zaraNasthala na pAkara bhAgatA rhaa| anta meM jaba balabhadra kI zaraNa meM upasthita huA, tabhI vidyAmukhI ne use chor3A aura yaha samAcAra amitateja ko diyA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 319) / vidyAdevI rohiNI : vasudeva ko anukUla patnI kI prApti ke upAya kI sUcanA vidyAdevI se bhI upalabdha huA karatI thii| rohiNI nAma kI jisa patnI se vasudeva kA vivAha huA thA, usakI prApti ke upAya kI sUcanA rohiNI nAma kI vidyAdevI ne hI dI thii| hiNDana ke krama meM vasudeva jaba kozala-janapada meM the, tabhI vahA~ kisI adRSTa devI ne unase kahA : "putra vasudeva ! maiM rohiNI kanyA tumheM sauMpa rahI hU~, use svayaMvara meM dekhakara Dhola bajA denaa|" usI samaya rohiNI ke pitA rAjA rudhira kI ora se svayaMvara kI ghoSaNA prasArita huii| svayaMvara meM jaba sabhI rAjA maMca para AsIna hue, taba vasudeva Dhola bajAnevAloM ke sAtha, Dhola hAtha meM liye, DholakiyoM ke nimitta alaga se bane hue maMca para jA baiThe / rohiNI jaba svayaMvara meM padhArI, taba vasudeva ne Dhola bajA diyaa| rohiNI sabhI rAjAoM kI upekSA karatI huI vasudeva ke pAsa pahu~cI aura unake gale meM puSpamAlA (varamAlA) DAla dii| ___ vasudeva jaba rohiNI ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka vihAra kara rahe the, tabhI unhoMne rohiNI se pUchA : "devI ! tumane pUrI kSatriya-sabhA kI upekSA kara merA hI varaNa kyoM kiyA?" taba, vaha bolI : "Aryaputra ! maiM 'rohiNI' nAma kI vidyAdevI kI barAbara pUjA karatI thii| jisa samaya mere lie svayaMvara Ayojita huA, usa samaya bhI maiMne devI kI ArAdhanA karate hue anukUla vara kI prArthanA kI thii| tabhI, devI ne Adeza diyA : 'tuma dasaveM dazAha vasudeva kI patnI bnogii| Dhola bajAnevAle ke rUpa meM use tuma phcaanogii|' isa prakAra, devI ke Adeza se maiMne Apako pahacAna liyA (rohiNIlambha : pR. 366) / " sarvoSadhilabdhi-vidyA : isa vidyA ke prabhAva se zarIra kI sabhI mala-dhAtue~ (kapha Adi) oSadhi kA kAma karatI thiiN| tArthaMkara ke citAbhasma ko yA bhasmAvazeSa ko sarvavyAdhihara mAnA gayA hai| yaha vidyA vizeSa labdhi mAnI jAtI thii| isa vidyA se sabhI prakAra kI bImAriyoM se mukti mila jAtI thii| isI ko 'jallauSadhi-labdhi' bhI kahA gayA hai / yaha eka taraha kI AdhyAtmika zakti thI, jisake prabhAva se zarIra ke maila se roga kA nAza hotA thA (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 286) / ' aTThArahaveM priyaMgusundarIlambha kI kathA (pR. 295) hai ki hastizIrSa nagara meM drammadatta (prA. damadatta) nAma kA baniyA thaa| eka dina usane sAdhu anantajina ke nikaTa pravrajyA le lii| tapa ke prabhAva se vaha sarvauSadhilabdhi kI vidyA se sampanna ho gyaa| vaha zmazAna ke nikaTa vrataparvaka rahatA thaa| yamapAza mAtaMga kA putra atimukha barAbara bImAra rahatA thaa| eka bAra vaha drammadatta anagAra ke caraNoM meM upasthita huaa| usa sAdhu kI kRpA se vaha nIroga ho gyaa| putra ne sAdhu ke camatkAra kI bAta mAtaMga se khii| mAtaMga bhI apane sampUrNa rugNa parivAra ke sAtha usa sAdhu ke pAsa gayA aura unakI Rddhi kI kRpA se rogamukta hokara zrAvakadharma aura paMcANuvrata svIkAra kara liyaa| ___ isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' vidyAoM ke camatkAra kI kathAoM se bharI huI hai| ye indrajAlavidyAe~ eka nahIM, hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM thiiN| prajJapti-vidyA ke prakaraNa (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 164)

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 167 meM, jaisA pahale kahA gayA hai, nAgarAja dharaNa ne prasanna hokara nami- vinami ko gandharva aura nAgajAti kI ar3atAlIsa hajAra vidyAe~ pradAna kI thiiN| nAgarAja kI kRpA se vinami ne vaitADhya parvata kI uttara zreNI meM gaganavallabha prabhRti sATha nagara basAye the aura nami ne dakSiNa zreNI meM rathanUpuracakravAla prabhRti pacAsa nagara basAye / vaitADhya parvata para vidyA ke pralobhana se jina-jina janapadoM se jo-jo manuSya Aye, unake janapada unhIM ke nAmoM se prasiddha hue / vidyAoM kI saMjJAoM ke AdhAra para vidyAdharoM ke nikAyoM kI racanA nami aura vinami ne kii| ye sabhI vidyAdhara gandharva aura nAgakula ke the / nikAyoM kI racanA isa prakAra kI gaI thI : gaurI vidyA kI saMjJA se gaurika, manuvidyA se manupUrvaka, gAndhArI vidyA se gAndhAra, mAnavI se mAnava, kezikA se kezikapUrvaka, bhUmituNDaka vidyAdhipati kI saMjJA se bhUmituNDaka, mUlavIryA vidyA se mUlavIrya, zaMkukA se zaMkuka, pANDukI se pANDuka, kAlakI se kAlakeya, mAtaMgI vidyA se mAtaMga, pArvatI se pArvateya, vaMzalatA se vaMzalatA, pAMzumUlikA se pAMzumUlaka, vRkSamUlikA se vRkSamUlaka tathA kAlakI se kAlakeza / nami aura vinami ne ina solaha vidyAoM ke ATha-ATha nikAya Apasa meM bA~Ta liye| isake bAda ye donoM kumAra vidyAoM ke bala se deva ke samAna prabhAvazAlI hokara vajana - parijana sahita eka sAtha manuSya aura deva kA bhoga-vilAsa prApta karane lage / unhoMne nagaroM aura sabhAmaNDapoM meM RSabhasvAmI kI pratimA ko devatA kI bhA~ti sthApita karAyA aura pratyeka vidyAdhara- nikAya meM vidyA ke adhipati devatA kI pratiSThA kraaii| donoM hI kumAroM ne apane-apane putroM aura kSatriyoM se sambaddha nagaroM kA navanirmANa aura tato'dhika vistAra kiyaa| isa prakAra, vidyA se sampanna vidyAdhara apane ko devatulya mAnate the, to vidyAdhariyA~ apane ko devI ke samAna samajhatI thIM / munivRttidhArI rAjakumAra bhI vidyAsampanna hone para sarvaviziSTa ho jAte the / hastinApura ke rAjA mahApadma ke kaniSTha putra viSNukumAra ne jaba anagAra dharma svIkAra kiyA, taba usane svIkRta dharma ke prati avicalita zraddhA rakhakara, mandAra parvata para sATha hajAra varSoM taka parama duzcara tapa karake vikurvvaNa - Rddhi, sUkSma - sthUla - vividharUpakAriNI, antardhAnI, gaganagAminI Adi aneka labdhiyA~ (vidyAe~) prApta kI thIM / arthAt vaha aisI viziSTa zakti se sampanna ho gayA thA, jisase abhIpsita vastu ke tatkSaNa nirmANa meM samartha thA; usakA zarIra sUkSma-sthUla Adi aneka svarUpoM meM chUmantara se badala sakatA thA, sAtha hI vaha aneka kriyAoM ko karane meM samartha thA / vaha jaba cAhatA, antarhita- adRzya ho sakatA thA aura AkAzagamana kI bhI kSamatA usameM thI / isIlie, use jaba namuci ne tIna paga bhUmi dI, taba vikurvita virAT zarIravAle usa (viSNu) kA eka paga hastinApura (dillI) meM thA aura dUsarA paga mandAraparvata ( bhAgalapura : bihAra) para / kruddha hone para vaha tInoM lokoM ko nigalane meM samartha thaa| eka AkAzacArI muni ko sAtha lekara vaha AkAzamArga se ur3atA huA kSaNabhara meM mandAra parvata se hastinApura pahu~ca gayA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 128-129) ! vidyA ke dvArA prANahatyA taka kI jA sakatI thI, arthAt vidyAoM se mAraNa, mohana, uccATana, vazIkaraNa, stambhana Adi samasta AbhicArika kriyAe~ sambhava thiiN| isalie, vidyAoM dvArA hita aura ahita, iSTa aura aniSTa, donoM prakAra ke kAryoM kI siddhi anAyAsa kI jA sakatI thI / zANDilyarUpadhArI mahAkAla hiMsA kA samarthaka thA / usane cedirAja uparicara vasu dvArA ghora hiMsA (pazuvadha) karAkara

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168 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA use rasAtala bhijavA diyA thaa| usake bAda vaha rAjA sagara ko usI hiMsAkarma se naraka bhejane kA upakrama karane lgaa| isI krama meM usane rAjA sagara ko pazuvadha ke prati vizvAsa dilAne ke lie apane vidyAbala se vasu ko vimAna dvArA svarga jAte hue dikhlaayaa| mahAkAla ko rAjA sagara se pUrvabhava kA vaira thA, isalie use sazarIra svarga le calane kA pralobhana dekara usase ghora hiMsA karavAI (tula. : brAhmaNa purANoM kI prasiddha trishNku-kthaa)| isake bAda usapara prANaghAtaka aMkamukhI, zyenamukhI, mahAcullI aura kirAtarUpiNI vidyAoM kA prayoga kiyA (somazrIlambha : pR. 193) / isa prakAra, prANaghAtaka aura prANarakSaka, donoM vidyAoM kA vikAsa huA thaa| vidyA se bhraSTa ho jAne para sAdhaka yA sAdhikA ko nAgapAza meM ba~dhanA par3atA thA aura isa prakAra usakA prANa saMkaTa meM par3a jAtA thaa| gaganavallabha nagara ke rAjA candrAbha aura rAnI menakA kI putrI tathA vasudeva kI vidyAdharI patnI vegavatI kI bAlyasakhI bAlacandrA (vasudeva kI anya patnI) vidyAbhraSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa nAgapAza meM ba~dha gaI thI, jise vegavatI ke Agraha para vasudeva ne usa bandhana se mukta kiyA thA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 251) / aMgAraka bhI jaba vidyAbhraSTa ho gayA thA, taba usane dhatUre kA dhuA~ pIte hue bar3e kaSTa se vidyA kI punaH sAdhanA kI thI (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 179) / vidyAe~ yA mahAvidyAe~ kalakramAgata hotI thiiN| kisI-kisI kula kI mahAvidyAe~ to vizeSa kaSTasAdhya aura vina karanevAlI hotI thiiN| isIlie, bAlacandrA ne bandhanamukta hone ke bAda vasudeva se kRtajJatA ke svaroM meM kahA thA : "Aryaputra ! mere kula meM vizeSata: kaSTasAdhya aura vighna karanevAlI mahAvidyAe~ haiN| ApakI kRpA se merI vidyA siddha ho gii|" nAgarAja dharaNa vidyAoM ke adhipati the| sabhI vidyAe~ unakI vazaMvadA thiiN| vidyA sAdhanA ke niyamoM kA niyantraNa vahI karate the| bAlacandrA ke kula meM nAgarAja dharaNa ke abhizApa-doSa se hI lar3akiyoM ko mahAvidyAe~ kaSTa se siddha hotI thIM (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 264) / kabhI-kabhI do vidyAdhariyA~ Apasa meM lar3ate samaya eka dUsare kI vidyA chIna letI thiiN| zUrpaNakhI ne vegavatI se lar3ate samaya usakI vidyA chIna lI thii| RSiyoM ko AghAta pahu~cAnevAle aura anicchuka yA sapatika striyoM ke sAtha balaprayoga karanevAle savidya vidyAdhara kI vidyAoM ko nAgarAja dharaNa chIna lete the| aura phira, kSamA-prArthanA karane para vidyAe~ lauTA bhI dete the| eka bAra gaganavallabha nagara ke rAjA vidyuiMSTra ne vidyAdharoM ko apane vaza meM kara liyA aura unase, apane pratApa ke bala se vaitADhya parvata para balapUrvaka lAye gaye vrataniSTha sAdhuoM ko mAra DAlane ko khaa| vidyuddaSTra ke adhInastha vidyAdharoM ne apanI-apanI vidyA kA AvAhana kiyA aura ve astra uThAkara una muniyoM ko mArane kI icchA se khar3e ho gye| usI samaya nAgarAja dharaNa adhiSThApaka (UrdhvalokavattI) devoM se vidA lekara aSTApada parvata kI ora jA rahe the| rAste meM vidyAdharoM ko RSighAta ke lie khar3e dekhakara vaha ruSTa ho gaye aura 'guNa-doSa kA vicAra na karanevAle ApakA kalyANa nahIM hai' yaha kahakara unhoMne vidyAdharoM kI vidyAe~ chIna lI (tatraiva : pR. 250-251) / lekina, jaba vidyAdharoM ne nAgarAja dharaNa ke pairoM para girakara nivedana kiyA ki 'svAmI ! ApakA kopa hamane dekhA hai| aba Apa hamArI vidyAeM lauTAne kI kRpA kareM, taba unhoMne isa zarta para vidyAe~ lauTA dI ki "Apa jina vidyAoM kI sAdhanA kareMge, ve ApakI vazaMvada hoNgii| siddhavidya hokara bhI Apa yadi jinAyatana meM yA sAdhu yA kisI

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 169 dampati ke prati aparAdha kareMge, to puna: vidyAbhraSTa ho jaayeNge| aura taba, vidyuiMSTra ke vaMzajoM ko kabhI mahAvidyAe~ siddha nahIM hoNgii| striyoM ko bhI bahuta vighna ke sAtha, duHkhapUrNa sAdhanA dvArA yA deva, sAdhu aura mahApuruSa ke darzana se sukhapUrvaka bhI vidyAe~ siddha hoNgii|" isa prakAra, devoM ke samakSa vidyAdharoM kI vidyAprApti-viSayaka sthiti kI sthApanA karake nAgarAja dharaNa vidA ho gaye (tatraiva : pR. 264) / isI niyama ke anusAra, bAlacandrA ko, vasudeva jaise mahApuruSa ke darzana-mAtra se hI vidyA kI siddhi anAyAsa prApta ho gii| jaisA pahale kahA gayA, uparivivecita evaM yathAvivRta samasta mAyAkRta vidyAoM kI parikalpanA deviyoM ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| ye vidyAe~ mantrarUpAtmaka hotI thiiN| kyoMki, tantrazAstra meM mAntrika upAsanA apanI rahasyAtmakatA evaM parokSabhAva se phala dene kI zaktiviziSTatA ke kAraNa atizaya mahattvapUrNa mAnI gaI hai| isIlie, ye vidyAe~ guhyAtiguhya yA parama gopanIya samajhI jAtI thiiN| ina vidyAoM ko grahaNa karane tathA inheM siddha karane kI apanI viziSTa vidhi yA purazcaraNa kI paddhati hotI thii| ye vidyAe~ vizeSakara kRSNa caturdazI ke dina grahaNa kI jAtI thiiN| inakI siddhi ke lie sAdhaka-sAdhikAe~ prAya: zmazAna, parvata-zikhara, jaMgala, tIrthabhUmi, zUnya devAlaya Adi sthAnoM meM sAdhanA kiyA karate the| isa sAdhanA-krama meM vidyAoM kA vidhivat AvAhana aura visarjana kiyA jAtA thaa| vidyAoM ke siddha hone para unakI siddhi kA parIkSaNa bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| vidyAdhara ke sparza se mRta vyakti jIvita ho uThatA thaa| vidyAsiddha vyakti aparAjeya hotA thaa| vidyAsampanna puruSa para kisI anya kI vidyAoM kA koI asara nahIM hotA thaa| isIlie, jambUsvAmI dvArA prayukta 'stambhanI' vidyA se vidyAsiddha prabhava kisI prakAra prabhAvita nahIM huA (kathotpatti : pR. 7) / vidyAe~ pUrvabhava kI paramparA se bhI prApta hotI thIM, arthAt pUrvajanmArjita vidyAe~ vartamAna janma meM bhI sAtha detI thiiN| ye vidyAe~ bar3e pralobhana kI vastu mAnI jAtI thiiN| isIlie, inakI siddhi ke nimitta sAdhaka-sAdhikAe~ apanI jAna kI bAjI lagA dene ko bhI taiyAra rahate the| vidyA siddha karate samaya vighnakAriNI deviyA~ strIrUpa dhAraNa kara apane zRMgArayukta svaroM aura aneka prakAra ke hAva-bhAvoM se sAdhakoM ko moha lene kA prayAsa karatI thiiN| ye vidyAe~ jJAnAtmaka hone kI apekSA kriyAtmaka adhika hotI thiiN| isIlie, jJAnajagat meM tAntrika kriyAe~ adhika mUlya nahIM Ayatta kara skiiN| phalataH, RddhiyoM aura camatkAroM meM, unake jJAtA bhI adhika abhiruci nahIM pradarzita karate the| __ Adhunika vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI aneka camatkArI yogI puruSa hue haiM aura haiM bhI, jinameM paramahaMsa svAmI vizuddhAnanda aura unake manISI ziSya puNyazloka mahAmahopAdhyAya paM. gopInAtha kavirAja Adi ke mahanIya nAma ullekhya haiN| kavirAjajI to vartamAna sAIM bAbA ke yaugika camatkAroM ke prati atizaya AsthAvAn the| vaha svayaM ise 'abhyAsa-yoga' mAnate the aura kahate the, "vijJAna kI Azcaryajanaka pragati kI cakAcauMdha se cakita hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / vijJAna jisakI sRSTi kara rahA hai, vaha yogI kI icchA se bhI sampanna ho sakatA hai|" unhoMne yogI kI citizakti kA svarUpa batalAte hue apane guru svAmI paramahaMsa vizuddhAnanda ke 'sUryavijJAna' kA ullekhapUrvaka kahA hai : "yogasRSTi icchAzakti se hotI hai| isa sRSTi meM pRthak upAdAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| upAdAna vastuta: sraSTA kI apanI AtmA ko hI jAnanA cAhie, arthAt icchAzaktimUlaka sRSTi meM upAdAna aura nimitta donoM abhinna rahate haiN| AtmA, arthAt yogI svayaM apane svarUpa se bAhara kisI upAdAna kI apekSA na rakhakara icchAzakti ke prabhAva se andara sthita abhilaSita padArtha ko

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170 . vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA bAhara karate haiN| yaha yogasRSTi hai| tAntrika bhASA meM, yahI bindu kI visargalIlA hai| advaitabhUmi meM sthita yogI icchAzakti dvArA sRSTi kiyA karate haiM / 'zaktisUtra' meM kahA hai : 'svecchayA svabhittau vizvamunmIlayati / ' isIlie, utpalAcArya ne bhI kahA hai : cidAtmA tu hi devo'ntaHsthitamicchAvazAd bahiH / yogIva nirupAdAnamarthajAtaM prakAzayet // zaMkarAcArya ne bhI kahA hai : samagra vizva AtmA ke nija svarUpa ke antarbhUta hai| darpaNa meM pratibimbita rUpa jaise darpaNa ke antargata hai, darpaNa se pRthaka nahIM, vaise hI prakAzamAna AtmA meM pratibhAsamAna pRthak dRzya AtmA ke antargata hai, AtmA se pRthak nhiiN|" kavirAjajI ne pratyeka vastu meM anya vastu ke sattvAMza ko mAnakara, pratyeka vastu se anya vastu ke paidA hone kI yaugika kriyA kA bhI varNana kiyA hai : "pratyeka vastu kI pRSThabhUmi meM avyakta aura sUkSma rUpa se mUlaprakRti rahatI hai| AvaraNa ke tAratamya ke anusAra, vibhinna prakAra ke kAryoM kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai| yogI isa satya kA Azraya karake hI abhyAsa-yoga meM pravRtta hotA hai; kyoMki mAnava kI nija sattA meM bhI sUkSma rUpa se pUrNa bhagavatsattA athavA divyasattA vidyamAna rahatI hai, usako abhivyakta kara prakAza meM lAnA hI abhyAsayoga kA uddezya hai| acchI-burI saba sattAe~ sabhI meM rahatI haiM, jo jise abhivyakta kara sake, vahI usake nikaTa abhivyakta hotI hai| isa sandarbha meM yogasUtrakAra pataMjali ne bhI kahA hai : 'jAtyantarapariNAma: prakRtyApUrAt' (4.2) / arthAt prakRti athavA upAdAna kA ApUraNa hone se eka jAti kI vastu anya jAti meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| mAnanIya kavirAjajI ne isa siddhAnta kA parIkSaNa apane guru paramahaMsa svAmI vizuddhAnanda ke dvArA apane zaMkAlu mitra tatkAlIna kvIMsa kaoNleja ke bhautikI ke pradhAna prAdhyApaka zrIabhayacaraNa sAnyAla kI upasthiti meM karAyA thaa| abhaya bAbU ne jaba sUryavijJAna ke AdhAra para grenAiDa kA Tukar3A banAne ke lie svAmIjI se kahA, taba svAmIjI ne eka leMsa nikAlA tathA usake AdhAra para sUryarazmiyoM se rUI meM usa grenAiDa ko utAra diyA aura apUrva sundara lAla raMga kA 'grenAiDa sTona' svAmIjI ne abhaya bAbU ko sauMpa diyaa| abhaya bAbU Azcaryacakita raha gaye ! saMkalpa-zakti dvArA vastu-utpAdana ke eka namUne ke rUpa meM eka vikurvita aMgUThI sAIM bAbA ne sAptAhika 'bliTja' ke Rddhi ke prati AsthAvihIna sampAdaka zrI Ar. ke. karaMjiyA ko dI thI, jo 'om' zabda se yukta tathA sAIM bAbA kI AkRti se alaMkRta thii| isa prakAra, yaugika vibhUtiyoM meM vidyA kI tato'dhika mahattA svIkRta hai| kintu, yaugika vidyAoM kA mUlya mAyika yA cAmatkArika pradarzana taka hI sImita nahIM hai, apitu ve mAyA se mukti ke AdhyAtmika mAdhyama haiN| isIlie, tAntrika vAGmaya ke AcAryoM kI mAnyatA hai ki saMkhyA kI dRSTi se mantra aura vidyAe~ sAta karor3a haiM aura ye sabhI vidyezvara (ziva) kI AjJA ke adhIna 1.sUryavijJAna-prakaraNa, bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA' (bhAga 2),pra.bihAra-rASTra bhASA-pariSad, paTanA, pR.160-161 2. uparivat, pR. 164 3. pariSad-patrikA' varSa 18 : aMka 2 (ma. ma. gopInAtha kavirAja-smRtitIrtha), julAI, 1978 I. pR. 81 4. pariSad-patrikA' (vahI)

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 171 rahate haiN| inakA vAsasthAna yA bhuvana vidyAtattva meM haiN| vidyezvara, 'sakala' jIvoM ke uddhAra ke samaya mantroM aura vidyAoM kA, apane anugraha-kArya ke karaNa yA mAdhyama rUpa se vyavahAra karate haiN| kintu, Aja ke sAdhanAdurbala yuga meM mAyAkRta vidyAoM ke vismayakArI camatkAra kevala mithaka aura rUDha kalpanA ke rUpa meM hI pratiSThita haiN| parantu, itanA mAnanA par3egA ki avacetana ko cetana meM aura apratyakSa ko pratyakSa upasthita karanevAle aindrajAlika aura yaugika camatkAroM kA pAramparika bhAratIya prAcya- vidyAoM meM arhaNIya sthAna hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yathokta mAyAkRta yA indrajAla-vidyAoM ke atirikta jyotiSa, Ayurveda, dhanurveda, vAstuvidyA aura vividha lalitakalAoM ke rUpa meM pAramparika bhAratIya vidyAoM kA ullekha huA hai, jinakA vivaraNa-vivecana yahA~ apanA prAsaMgika mahattva rakhatA hai| (ka) jyotiSa-vidyA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita jyotiSiyoM kI jyotirvidyA zuddha gaNitapradhAna nahIM dikhAI pdd'tii| ye prAya: phalita jyotiSa ke pravaktA the| ye grahadazA, grahacakra, grahoM kI sthiti, ayanAMza, gati Adi se grahoM ke calana-kalana kA lekhA-jokhA prastuta nahIM karate the, apitu, samaya-samaya zubhAzubha nimitta kI sUcanAe~ vibhinna prAkRtika lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para dete the| isIlie, inheM prAya: sarvatra 'naimittika' kahA gayA hai| ye avadhijJAnI bhI huA karate the| ye prAya: rAjAzrita hote the, phira bhI, apane bhaviSya-bhASaNa yA Adeza-kathana meM nirbhIka rahate the| jyotiSI hokara bhI ye apane AzrayadAtA rAjA ke sAtha yuddha meM bhAga lete the| rAjA aura rAnI apane jyotiSiyoM ko atizaya Adara pradAna karate the, isIlie samAja meM unakA viziSTa sthAna thaa| sAmAnya janatA kA jIvana cU~ki rAjA ke bhAgya se jur3A huA thA, isIlie rAjA ke iSTAniSTa ko vaha apanA bhI iSTAniSTa samajhatI thii| phalataH, jyotiSI se janajIvana kA pratyakSa samparka nahIM rahatA thaa| jJAtavya hai ki bhArata ke prasiddha chaha vedAMgoM (zikSA, kalpa nirukta, chanda, vyAkaraNa aura jyotiSa) meM jyotiSa kI gaNanA hotI hai aura usakA mahattva aparampAra hai| isake atirikta bhAratIya jyotistattvoM kI paridhi itanI vizAla, bArIka, gahana aura gambhIra hai ki usakI sImA meM sampUrNa paurastya aura pAzcAtya jagat ke jyotiSa-viSayaka sAmAnya abhiprAya aura siddhAnta samAhita haiN| sAtha hI, bhAratIya kalAoM meM jyotiSa kA viziSTa sthAna nirdhArita hai| yaha samasta mAnava-jIvana ke pratyakSa aura parokSa rahasyoM kA vivecana karatA hai aura pratIkoM dvArA unakA spaSTIkaraNa bhii| saMghadAsagaNI ke pUrvavattI AcAryakoTi ke aitihAsika jyotiSiyoM tathA jyotiSa-granthoM meM sUrya (IsavI-prathama zatI) RSi-praNIta, 'sUryasiddhAnta' tathA tatsamakAlIna AcArya garga ke putra RSiputra-kRta 'jyotiSa-saMhitA' evaM vikramAditya kI sabhA ke navaratnoM meM anyatama AcArya varAhamihira (I. pU. prathama zatI) kA 'bRhajjAtaka' Adi ullekhya haiN| bhArata ke svarNakAla (I. prathama zatI se SaSTha zatI) ke prasiddha jyotiSI AryabhaTTa prathama, nimitta aura jyotiSa ke prakANDa vidvAn kAlakAcArya Adi ke samaya se bhI jyotiSa kA kramabaddha itihAsa upalabdha hotA hai| inake atirikta nAradasaMhitA, gargasaMhitA, kauTilya ke arthazAstra Adi se bhI saMghadAsagaNI kA jyotiSa-siddhAnta prabhAvita huA hogaa| yA phira, jainAgama, jaise praznavyAkaraNasUtra, sthAnAMga Adi bhI unake lie etadviSayaka AdhArabhUta yA upajIvya rahe hoNge|

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172 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA kauTilya ke arthazAstra se isa bAta kA bhI patA calatA hai ki AdikAla ke jyotiSI bhI hara taraha ke jyotiSka aura anya gaNitoM se pUrNa paricita the| usa samaya zarIra ke phar3akane kA kyA artha hai, svapa kA phala kaisA hotA hai, vibhinna prakAra ke zubha karmoM ke karane kA zubha muhUrta kauna-sA hai, yuddha kisa dina karanA cAhie, senApati kauna ho, jisase yuddha meM saphalatA mile, Adi bAtoM para bar3I sUkSmatA se vicAra kiyA jAtA thaa| isa yuga ke jyotiSI kevala zubhAzubha samaya se hI paricita nahIM the, apitu ve prAkRtika jyotiSa ke AdhAra para hAthI, ghor3A, khaGga Adi ke iMgitoM se bhI bhAvI zubhAzubha phala kA nirdeza karate the| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ke anusAra, I. pU. 100 se I. 300 taka ke jyotiSaviSayaka sAhitya ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki usa kAla meM jyotiSa-zAstra ke adhyayana meM AlocanAtmaka dRSTi vikasita nahIM huI thii| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki usa kAla meM paMcarUpAtmaka (horA, gaNita, saMhitA, prazna aura nimitta) jyotiSa meM phalita jyotiSa meM sambaddha saMhitA, prazna aura nimitta kA tato'dhika vikAsa ho cukA thaa| saMhitA meM bhUzodhana, dikzodhana, zalyoddhAra, melApaka, gRhArambha, gRhapraveza, jalAzaya-nirmANa, mAMgalika kAryoM ke muhUrta, ulkApAta, vajrapAta, vRSTi, grahaNa-phala Adi bAtoM kA vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| praznazAstra tatkAla phala batAnevAlA zAstra hai aura zakunazAstra meM, jisakA apara paryAya nimittazAstra bhI hai, ariSTa-viSaya kA pratipAdana milatA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ke kAla meM cU~ki phalita jyotiSa paryApta vikasita ho cukA thA, isalie unhoMne aMgalakSaNa, zakunakautuka, puruSabheda, janma-nakSatra, sAmudrikazAstra, ariSTa-vicAra, bhUkampa, vajrapAta, strIpuruSa-lakSaNa, zubha tithi, karaNa, muhUrta, iSTAniSTasUcanA, dIrghAyu-alpAyu hone ke lakSaNa, svapnalakSaNa Adi sAdhAraNa evaM asAdhAraNa sabhI prakAra ke zubhAzubhoM ke vivecana ko apanI mahatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| siddha-arhatoM, muniyoM yA zramaNa-cAraNoM dvArA kisI pAtra ke pUrvabhava, vartamAna bhava aura bhAvI bhava ke bAre meM usakI yathArtha sthiti ke yathAvat Adeza (jaise, pUrvabhava meM kauna thA, vartamAna bhava meM kyA hai aura bhaviSya meM kahA~, kaba aura kaisA hogA?) kA aMkana saMghadAsagaNI para 'bhRgusaMhitA' kI Adeza-kathana-zailI ke prabhAva ko dyotita karatA hai| jyotiSa-sambandhI sAmAnya lokaprasiddhi hai ki vivAha, janma aura maraNa kahA~ kaba hogA, koI nahIM batA sakatA : 'vivAho janma maraNaM kadA kutra bhaviSyati?' kintu, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke naimittika ina tInoM ke viSaya meM nizcita tithi aura samaya tathA ghaTanA ghaTane ke DhaMga para sunizcita akATya bhaviSyavANI karate haiN| isa taraha kI bhaviSyavANI kA kathana ve hI muni karate haiM, jo 'avadhijJAna' se sampanna haiN| ye avadhijJAnI muni prAya: jyotiSiyoM yA naimittikoM kI hI pratinidhi bhUmikA meM upanyasta hue haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne jyotiSI ke lie adhikAMzata: 'naimittika' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, kahIM-kahIM 'sAMvatsarika' kA bhii| donoM hI jyotiSa-tattva ke viziSTa pakSa (nimitta aura varSa) ke vAcaka haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM lagabhaga dasa jyotiSI-pAtroM ke nAmoM kI kalpanA kathAkAra ne kI hai| jaise: kezava (pIThikA : pR 82); azvabindu (ketumatIlambha : pR. 311) krauSTuki (zyAmAvijayAlambha: pR. 119); dIpazikha (ketumatIlambha : pR. 317); devila (madanavegAlambha : pR. 231); prajApati zarmA 1. dra. 'bhAratIya jyotiSa', prakAzaka : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1952 I., pR. 82

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 173 (vegavatIlambha : pR. 248); bRhaspatizarmA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 180), bhRgu (kapilAlambha : pR. 199), sambhitrazrotra (bandhamatIlambha : pR. 276-277; ketumatIlambha : pR. 311-317); jyotirvidyA kA pAragAmI brAhmaNa zANDilyAyana (ketumatIlambha : pR. 317) aura zazabindu (tatraiva : pR. 317) / kathAkAra ne ina nAmoM ko bhI jyotistattva ke saMketaka arthagarbha zabdoM ko samAsita kara nirmita kiyA hai| inake atirikta bhI aneka ajJAtanAmA naimittikoM ke bhaviSya-bhASaNa kA ullekha hai| yahA~ mUlakathA meM varNita jyotistattva ke saMketaka katipaya prasaMga uddharaNIya haiN| svapnaphala : 'vasudevahiNDI' ke prAya: sabhI pramukha pAtroM, vizeSakara tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha janma-viSayaka bhaviSyaphala (svapaphala) jur3A huA hai| prArambha ke 'kathotpatti' adhikAra meM hI ullekha hai ki rAjagRha ke nivAsI jambUsvAmI kI mAtA dhAriNI ne suptAvasthA meM pA~ca svapa dekhe the : nidhUma agni, vikasita kamaloM se bharA padmasarovara, phala ke bhAra se jhukA zAlivana, nirjala megha ke raMga kA cAra dA~toMvAlA hAthI aura rUpa, rasa tathA manorama gandha se yukta jAmuna ke phala / arhatoM ke kathanAnusAra, jambUsvAmI ke pitA RSabhadatta ne svapnaphala batAte hue apanI patnI dhAriNI ko Azvasta kiyA ki "tumheM uttamaputra prApta hogA / brahmaloka se cyuta hokara devatA tumhAre garbha meM Aye haiN|" isake bAda dhAriNI ko jinasAdhu kI pUjA kA dohada utpanna huaa| nau mahIne bItane para dhAriNI ko sulakSaNa aura varcasvI putra prApta huaa| svapna meM dhAriNI ne jAmuna ke phala dekhe the, isalie putra kA nAma 'jambU' rakhA gayA (pR. 2-3) / rukmiNI ke garbha meM pradyumna ke Ane ke prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki rukmiNI ne eka svapna meM, apane mu~ha meM siMha ko praveza karate hue dekhaa| svapnaphala batAte hue kezava ne 'uttama putra prApta hogA', aisA kahakara rukmiNI ko Azvasta kiyA (pR. 82 : piitthikaa)| RSabhasvAmI ke janma ke samaya bhI unakI mAtA marudevI ne caudaha zubha svapna dekhe the, jinameM pahalA svapna thA, suptAvasthA meM marudevI ke mu~ha meM vRSabha kA praveza honA / ukta caudahoM svapnoM kA phala batAte hue RSabhasvAmI ke pitA nAbhikumAra ne bhaviSyavANI kI : "AyeM ! tumane uttama svapna dekhA hai, tuma dhanya ho / nau mahIne bItane para tuma hamAre kulakara puruSoM meM pradhAna, trailokyaprakAzaka, bhAratavarSa ke tilaka-svarUpa putra ko janma dogI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 158-159) / " dakSaprajApati ne apanI patnI (pahale putrI, bAda meM patnI) mRgAvatI ke sAta mahAsvapna dekhane para unakA phala batAte hue kahA thA ki tumane jisa prakAra ke svapna dekhe haiM, tadanusAra tumhArA putra bhArata ke Adhe bhAga kA svAmI hogA (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 276) / svAmI zAntinAtha kI mAtA acirA ne bhI suptAvasthA meM caudaha svapna dekhe the| usake bAda hI acirA ke garbha meM zAntinAtha Aye the / zubhaM svapnoM ke uttama phala ke rUpa meM acirA ne zAntinAtha jaise tIrthaMkara ko putra ke rUpa meM prApta kiyA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 340) / isI prakAra, kunthusvAmI kI mAtA ne kunthusvAmI ke garbha meM Ane ke pUrva (caudaha) mahAsvapa dekhe the| jJAtavya hai ki paramparayA tIrthaMkara kI mAtAe~ prAya: caudaha mahAsvapna, garbhadhAraNa ke pUrva, dekhatI thiiN| (matAntara hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA ne solaha mahAsvapna dekhe the|) arajina kI mAtA ne bhI mahApuruSa ko utpatti kI sUcanA denevAle svapa dekhe the (ketumatIlambha : pR. 344, 346) /

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174 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA garbha meM kRSNa ke avatIrNa hone ke pUrva unakI mAtA devakI ne sAta mahAsvapa dekhe the| vasudeva ne atimuktaka cAraNazramaNa ke AdezAnusAra, svapnaphala batAte hue kahA thA ki tumhArA yaha sAtavA~ putra kaMsa aura jarAsandha ko mAranevAlA hogA; kyoMki cAraNazramaNa kA vacana viphala nahIM hotA (devakIlambha : pR. 369) / jyotiSiyoM, muniyoM aura tIrthaMkaroM kI bhaviSyavANiyA~ : . . taponirata prasannacandra ke bAre meM rAjA zreNika ne jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra se usake agale janma ke bAre meM pUchA, taba pahale unhoMne batAyA ki vaha sAtavIM pRthvI (naraka) meM jaaygaa| puna: thor3I dera bAda ukta prazna ke duharAne para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA ki isa samaya mRtyu ko prApta hone para vaha sarvArthasiddha loka (anuttara devaloka kA pA~cavA~ nivAsa-bhavana) meM jaaygaa| isa dvividha kathana kA rahasya tapodhyAnI prasannacandra ke mana kI kSaNa-kSaNa parivartita sthiti meM nihita hai| prathama prazna ke samaya prasannacandra raudradhyAna meM thA aura dvitIya prazna ke samaya vaha puna: prazasta dhyAna kI sthiti meM lauTa AyA thA (kathotpatti : pR. 17) / dAkSiNAtya vidyAdhara-zreNI ke zaMkhapura nagara ke rAjA puruSAnanda aura usakI patnI zyAmalatA ne jaba dharmaghoSa nAmaka cAraNazramaNa se apanI putriyoM--vidyudvatI aura vidyullatA ke bhAvI pati ke bAre meM pUchA, taba unhoMne bhaviSyavANI karate hue batAyA ki "kAmonmatta nAmaka vidyAdhara kA jo vadha karegA, vahI (arthAt dhammilla) tumhArI putriyoM kA pati hogaa|" sAdhu kI bAta sunakara rAjadampati harSa aura vismaya se bhara uThe (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 68) / isI prakAra , gagananandana nagara ke nivAsI vidyAdharanareza jAmbavAn kI putrI jAmbavatI ke bAre meM AkAzacArI jainamuni ne bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki vaha arddhabharatAdhipati (arthAt kRSNa) kI palI hogI (pIThikA : pR. 79) satyabhAmA jaba AsatraprasavA thI, taba nArada ne cAraNazramaNa ke AdezAnusAra, unake bhaviSya-kathana kA samarthana kiyA thA ki use (satyabhAmA ko) nizcaya hI putra hogA (pIThikA, pR. 84) / satyabhAmA ke lie, usake Agraha para, pradyumna ke samAna hI putra kI prApti kI icchA se kRSNa jaba harinaigameSI deva kI ArAdhanA kara rahe the, taba usa deva ne kRSNa ke lie bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki jisa devI ke sAtha ApakA pahale samAgama hogA, use hI pradyumna ke samAna putra hogA (pIThikA, pR.97)| adRSTa devatA ne adRSTavANI dvArA rAjA arcimAlI ko saceta kiyA thA ki tumane latAgRha meM prazasta dhyAna meM lIna nanda aura sunanda cAraNazramaNoM ke nikaTa rahakara mRgapara bANa pheMkA hai, isalie jIvarakSaka sAdhu tumapara kupita ho jAyeMge, to devatA bhI nahIM bacA sakegA, tumhArA vinAza ho jAyagA (zyAmalIlambha : pR. 124) / adRSTa devI ne hI vasudeva ko batAyA thA ki rohiNI unakI patnI honevAlI hai aura Dholakiye ke rUpa meM unakA vaha varaNa karegI (rohiNIlambha : pR. 364) / gandharvadattA ke pAlaka pitA cArudatta kI mAtA, campApurI kI seThAnI bhadrA ko putra nahIM hotA thaa| cAru nAma ke gaganacArI muni se seThAnI ne apanI vipula sampatti ko bhoganevAle putra kI prApti ke viSaya meM jijJAsA kI, to amoghadazI muni ne batAyA ki 'tumheM thor3e hI dinoM meM putra prApta hogaa|' yaha kahakara muni adRzya ho gye| cAru muni ne putra hone kI bhaviSyavANI kI thI, isIlie

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 175 seThAnI ne apane putra kA nAma 'cArudatta' rakhA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 133) / amitagati vidyAdhara ne eka bAra vijayasenA devI se utpanna apanI lar3akI gandharvadatA ke sambandha meM naimittika se pUchA thA, to usane bhaviSyavANI kI thI : "lar3akI zreSTha puruSa kI patnI hogii| vaha zreSTha puruSa vidyAdhara-sahita dakSiNa bharata kA rAjya karegA aura vahI puruSa campApurI meM cArudatta ke ghara meM sthita lar3akI ko saMgIta ke dvArA parAjita karegA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 153) / " eka bAra rAma (parazurAma) ne jyotiSiyoM se pUchA : "merI vaMza-paramparA cAlU rahegI?" jyotiSI ne kahA : "jisake sAmane tumhArA pharasA zithila par3a jAyagA aura jo dA~toM kA bhojana karegA, usI se tumhArA vinAza hogA (madanavegAlambha : pR. 238-239) / " eka bAra nAgarAja dharaNa ne zAnta aura prazAnta nAmaka sAdhuoM se prazna kiyA ki "maiM vartamAna bhava se udvartita hokara kahA~ janma lU~gA?" sAdhuoM ne bhaviSya-bhASaNa kiyA : "Apa yahA~ ke indratva se udvartita hokara airavatavarSa meM, avasarpiNI kAla meM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara hoNge| ApakI chaha (allA, akkA, zaterA, sautrAmaNi, indrA aura ghanavidyutA) paTarAniyoM meM allA ko chor3akara zeSa pA~coM Apake gaNadhara hoMgI aura allA devI Aja se sAtaveM dina udvartita hokara isI bhAratavarSa meM rAjA eNika-putra kI putrI (priyaMgusundarI) hokara janma legI, jo arddhabharata ke svAmI (kRSNa) ke pitA (vasudeva) ke sAtha (patnI ke rUpa meM) vibhinna bhogoM kA upabhoga karake, saMyama kA pAlana karate hue siddhi kI adhikAriNI hogI (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 305) / " aindrajAlika bhI jyotiSI ke nirdeza kA pAlana karate the / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM indrazarmA nAma ke aindrajAlika kA sAgraha ullekha hai| eka bAra bhRgu jyotiSI ne rAjA kapila se kahA ki ApakI kanyA kapilA zAstrakAroM dvArA anumata lakSaNoM se yukta hai, isalie yaha arddhabharata ke adhipati ke pitA kI patnI hogii| rAjA ne jyotiSI se pUchA: vaha kahA~ hoMge? kaise unheM jAneMge?" jyotiSI ne kahA : "maiM jyotiSa ke bala se kahatA hU~, jo sphuliMgamukha ghor3e kA damana karegA, use hI arddhabharatAdhipa kA pitA smjhnaa| vaha samprati, giritaTa (girakUTa) grAma meM devadeva (suradeva) ke ghara meM rahatA hai|" "jyotiSI kI bAta para rAjA kapila ne jijJAsA kI dRSTi apane sabhAsadoM para DAlI : "kauna vyakti anajAna giritaTa meM jAkara usa puruSa ko lA sakatA hai ?" vahA~ upasthita aindrajAlika indrazarmA ne rAjA kI bAta svIkAra kara lI : "jyotiSI dvArA nirdiSTa Apake jAmAtA (vasudeva) ko maiM le aauuNgaa|" yaha kahakara aindrajAlika indrazarmA parivAra-sahita apane svIkRta ke paripAlana ke nimitta calA gayA (kapilAlambha : pR. 199) / eka bAra, vasudeva kA sAlA (vasudeva kI patnI kapilA kA bhAI) aMzumAn vasudeva ke lie dorasoiyA (nanda aura sunanda) khoja laayaa| unake dvArA banAye gaye bhojana se santuSTa hokara vasudeva ne aMzumAn se unheM eka lAkha svarNamudrAe~ prItidAna ke rUpa meM dene kA nirdeza kiyaa| kintu, una donoM ne rupaye lene kI apekSA barAbara vasudeva kI sevA meM rahane kI icchA vyakta kii| kAraNa pUchane para unhoMne jyotiSI kI bhaviSyavANI kI ora saMketa kiyA : rAjA suSeNa ke yahA~ pitRparamparAgata rUpa se sevA karate hue unhoMne eka mitra se jyotiSI kA patA lagAyA aura usake pAsa jAkara apane bhaviSya ke bAre meM pUchA / jyotiSI ne socakara batAyA ki 'tumhArI sevA arddhabharata ke svAmI

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176 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA ke pitA ke nikaTa saphala hogii|' unhoMne jyotiSI se pUchA : 've kaise haiM aura hama unheM kaise jAneMge?' taba, uttara milA : 'tuma unheM yahIM dekhoge| tumheM jo eka lAkha mudrAe~ tuSTidAna ke rUpa meM deMge, unheM hI apanA abhISTa puruSa smjhoge|" yaha kahakara una donoM ne vasudeva ke pairoM para sira rakhakara praNAma kiyaa| (puNDrAlambha : pR. 211) vaitADhya parvata kI dakSiNa zreNI meM sthita ariMjayapura nagara ke rAjA meghanAda kI putrI padmazrI ke bAre meM devila nAmaka jyotiSI ne bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki "yaha rAjakumArI kisI cakravartI rAjA kI pradhAna mahiSI hogI (madanavegAlambha : pR. 231) / " . lakSaNavettAoM ne maya vidyAdhara kI putrI mandodarI ke viSaya meM bhaviSya-bhASaNa kiyA thA ki isakI pahalI santAna kulakSaya kA kAraNa banegI (tatraiva : pR. 240) / rAjA padmaratha ne apanI putrI padmAvatI ke pati ke viSaya meM vizvasanIya zAstrajJAna se sampanna siddhavacana jyotiSI se pUchA, to jyotiSI ne jyotiSa kI gaNanA karake batAyA ki ApakI putrI padmAvatI to aisA rAjA dUlhA prApta karegI, jisake kamala jaise pairoM ko hajAroM rAjA vinaya ke sAtha pUjate haiN|" rAjA ne jaba prazna kiyA ki 'vaha vara kahA~ milegA, aura hama use kaise jAneMge', taba jyotiSI bolA : "zIghra hI vaha yahA~ AyagA aura (padmAvatI ke pAsa) zrImAlA banAkara bhejegA aura phira vaha harivaMza kI yathArtha utpatti kI kathA khegaa|" yaha kahakara jyotiSI calA gyaa| kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM isa prakAra kI rocaka aura romAMcaka, manoraMjaka aura vismayakAraka bhaviSyavANiyoM kI bharamAra hai| bRhaspatizarmA nAma ke jyotiSI ne siMhadaMSTra kI putrI nIlayazA kA vivAha arddhabharata ke svAmI ke pitA vasudeva ke sAtha hone kI bhaviSyavANI kI thI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 180) / eka bAra vasudeva ko rAjagRha meM jarAsandha ke sipAhiyoM ne dyUtazAlA meM pakar3a liyaa| jUe meM vasudeva ne eka karor3a jItakara dInoM-daridroM meM bA~Ta diyA thaa| unhoMne sipAhiyoM se jaba apane aparAdha kA kAraNa pUchA, taba unhoMne batAyA ki prajApati zarmA nAma ke jyotiSI ne rAjA jarAsandha se kahA hai: "rAjan ! kala Apake zatru kA pitA yahA~ aaygaa|" rAjA ne jaba jyotiSI se pUchA ki use kaise jAneMge, taba usane kahA : "jUe meM jo eka karor3a jItakara dInoM meM use bA~Ta degA, vahI Apake zatru kA pitA hogaa|" isa prakAra, vasudeva ke bandI banAye jAne kA kAraNa jyotiSI kI bhaviSyavANI hI thii| rathanUpuracakravAlapura ke vidyAdhara-rAjA jvalanajaTI ke darabAra meM rahane vAlA sambhinnazrotra jyotiSI sAkSAt jyotipuruSa thaa| use vizeSa labdhiyA~-RddhiyA~ upalabdha thiiN| vaha zarIra ke kisI bhI aMga se zabda ko suna lene kI zakti se sampanna thaa| eka dina jvalanajaTI ne sambhitrazrotra se pUchA : "maiM apanI putrI svayamprabhA ko kisake hAtha sauM, rAjA azvagrIva ko yA kisI anya vidyAdharanareza ko?" sambhinnazrotra ne jyotirbala se vicAra kara kahA : "rAjA azvagrIva alpAyu hai| yaha kanyA to vAsudeva (kRSNa) kI agramahiSI hogii| vaha (vAsudeva) rAjA dakSaprajApati ke putraM tripRSTha ke rUpa meM utpanna hue haiN| unheM hI ise de diijie| maiMne jJAnadRSTi se dekha-sunakara kahA hai|" jvalanajaTI ne svIkRtipUrvaka jyotiSI se kahA "vaisA hI hogA, jaisA Apane kahA hai (bandhumatIlambhaH pR. 276) / "

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 177 svayamprabhA jaba yuvatI ho gaI, taba rAjA jvalanajaTI ne punaH apanA prazna duharAyA ki ise kisake hAtha sauMpA jAya / taba, sambhinnazrotra ne vicAra kara vistArapUrvaka kahA : "mahArAja ! suneM / jaisA ki sAdhu kahate haiM, eka bAra z2aba prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhasvAmI aSTApada parvata para padhAre, taba unase unake putra rAjA bharata ne bhAvI tIrthaMkara cakravartI baladeva aura vAsudeva ke sambandha meM prazna kiyaa| RSabhasvAmI ne uttara meM batAyA ki jo tIrthaMkara jisa kAla meM hoMge, unakA usa kAla meM prabhAva avazya pdd'egaa| atIta meM, jaisA jaina sAdhu ne kahA hai, isa prakAra ke dasa tIrthaMkara hue haiM aura cAra cakravartI bhI ho cuke haiM, jinameM baladeva aura vAsudeva, samprati, rAjA prajApati ke putra acala aura tripRSTha haiM, aisI paurANika zruti hai| maiM punaH bhaviSya kI gati ke AdhAra para kahatA hU~ ki tripRSTha azvagrIva ko yuddha meM parAjita karake vidyAdhara-sahita arddhabharata kA bhoga karegA aura Apako vidyAdharoM kA svAmitva sauNpegaa| ApakI yaha patrI (svayamprabhA) usa tripRSTha kI putravatI pradhAnamahiSI hogI, isameM sandeha nahIM hai| jyotiSI ke aisA kahane para rAjA santuSTa huA aura usane use vipula vastu, gandha aura mAlya se sammAnita kara vidA kiyA aura kahA : "Apane jo kahA hai, vaha satya ho (ketumatIlambha : pR. 311) / " rAjA azvagrIva ne jaba apane jyotiSI azvabindu se apane pratizatru ke bAre meM pUchA, taba usane kahA : "jo Apake dUta caNDasiMha kA apamAna karegA aura pazcima meM durddharSa siMha kA vinAza karegA, vahI ApakA pratizatru hogaa|" jyotiSI ke AdezAnusAra, acala aura tripRSTha ne dUta ko potanapura meM bahuta apamAnita kiyA aura tripRSTha ne, nirAyudha rahakara, kevala bhujAoM ke prahAra se hI, pazcima pradeza meM, siMha ko mAra ddaalaa| pratizatru kI isa apUrva vIratA para azvagrIva bhI bhauMcaka raha gayA aura bolA : "oha ! manuSya kA yaha kAma adbhuta hai (tatraiva : pR. 311) !" / sambhinnazrotra kA putra dIpazikha bhI bahuta bar3A naimittika thaa| usane apahRtA rAnI sutArA ke viSaya meM vastusthiti kI sUcanA dI thii| aura, zANDilyAyana ne rAjA zrIvijaya ke Arogya tathA kuzalatA kA samAcAra kahA thaa| isake lie svayaM rAjamAtA svayamprabhA ne donoM jyotiSiyoM (zANDilyAyana aura dIpazikha) ko sammAnita kiyA thA (tatraiva : pR. 317) / aSTAMgamahAnimitta kA abhyAsI zANDilyAyana jyotiSI ne to bar3I romAMcakArI bhaviSyavANI kI thii| kathA hai : eka dina devoM ke bIca indra kI taraha, hajAroM rAjAoM se ghirA potanapura kA rAjA zrIvijaya apanI sabhA meM baiThA thaa| tabhI, saumyarUpa eka brAhmaNa AyA aura rAjA ko jayAzIrvAda dekara bolA : "maiM jyotiSa-vidyA meM pAraMgata huuN| maiMne jJAnacakSu se jo dekhA hai, use Apako avazya hI sunanA cAhie / Aja se sAtaveM dina potanapura ke rAjA ke mAthe para vajra giregA, isameM sandeha nahIM hai|" yaha kahakara brAhmaNa khar3A rhaa| mahAdoSayukta brAhmaNa-vacana ko sunakara sArI sabhA aura sabhI rAje kruddha ho utthe| roSapUrNa netroM se brAhmaNa ko lakSya kara yuvarAja balabhadra ne kahA : "jaba potanapura ke adhipati ke mAthe para vajra giregA, taba tumhAre mAthe para kyA giregA?" brAhmaNa jyotiSI ne nibhIkatA se uttara diyA : "mahArAja ! kruddha na hoM, taba mujhapara AbharaNoM kI varSA hogii|" sabhI mantrI milakara rAjA zrIvijaya ke bhaya-nivAraNa kA upAya socane-vicArane lge| eka mantrI bolA : "kahA jAtA hai, samudra meM vajra kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA, isalie svAmI ko zIghra

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178 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA hI vahA~ le jaao|" dUsarA mantrI bolA : "kahate haiM ki duSamAkAla meM vaitADhya parvata para vidyA yA vajra kA prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| isalie, vaitADhya parvata para kisI gupta pradeza meM rAjA apanA dina bitAyeM / " tIsarA mantrI bolA : "bhAvI (honI) kA ullaMghana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| suneM, eka brAhmaNa thaa| bahuta upAya karane para usake eka putra huaa| usa gA~va meM eka rAkSasa rahatA thA, jisake bhojana ke nimitta kulakramAgata rUpa se pratyeka ghara se eka puruSa apane ko nivedita karatA thaa| jaba usa brAhmaNaputra kI bArI AI, taba brAhmaNI bhUtaghara ke pAsa jAkara rone lgii| bhUta ko usapara dayA ho aaii| usane brAhmaNI se kahA : "mata roo, maiM tumhAre putra kI rakSA kruuNgaa|" jaba brAhmaNaputra ne rAkSasa ke lie apane ko nivedita kiyA, taba bhUtoM ne use vahA~ se apahata kara pahAr3a kI guphA meM rakha diyA aura 'amuka sthAna meM tumhAre putra ko rakha diyA hai', aisA brAhmaNI se kahakara bhUta cale gye| kintu, guphA meM sthita ajagara brAhmaNaputra ko nigala gyaa| isa prakAra, bhavitavyatA kI anullaMghanIyatA kI kathA sunakara mantrI ne kahA : "ghora utpAtoM kA pratikAra tapa ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| ataeva, svAmI kI zAnti ke nimitta hama sabhI tapa zurU kreN|" cauthA mantrI bolA : "jyotiSI ne to potanapura ke rAjA ke lie bhaviSyavANI kI hai, rAjA zrIvijaya ke lie nhiiN| isalie zreyaskara to yaha hogA ki rAjA zrIvajaya ko sAta rAta ke lie kisI dUsare rAjya meM rakhA jaay|" taba brAhmaNa jyotiSI ne kahA : "he mahAmantrI ! Apa sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| maiM bhI rAjA kI jIvana-rakSA ke nimitta hI AyA hU~ / niyama meM rahakara hI rAjA vighna se nistAra paayeNge|" jyotiSI kI bAta ko svIkAra kara rAjA zrIvijaya antaHpura-sahita jinAyatana meM cale aaye| prajAsahita mantriyoM ne usa jagaha vaizramaNa kI pratimA kA abhiSeka kiyA aura ve rAjyopacAra se usakI sevA-pUjA karane lge| kuzAsana para baiThe zrIvijaya ne bhI sAta rAta taka Arambha aura parigraha kA tyAga kara brahmacaryapUrvaka vairAgya bhAva se poSadha (nirAhAra vrata) kA pAlana kiyaa| sAtaveM dina cAroM ora se vipula sajala megha ghira aaye| pavanavega se meghoM kA vistAra hone lgaa| bijalI camakane lgii| bhayajanaka niSThara garjanasvara gUMjane lgaa| tabhI, dopahara ke samaya bhayaMkara AvAja ke sAtha prAsAda aura vaizramaNa kI pratimA ko cUra-cUra karatA huA vajra A giraa| rAjA ke prANa baca jAne se sabane usakA abhinandana kiyA aura poSadhazAlA meM 'namo arihaMtANaM' kI dhvani gUMja uThI (ketumatIlambha : pR. 315-316) / isa kathA se spaSTa hai ki jyotiSI dvArA saMketita dunirmitta se tapa aura niyama ke AcaraNa dvArA hI bacA jA sakatA hai, kintu bhavitavyatA ko koI TAla nahIM sakatA hai| honI hokara rahatI hai| sAtha hI, jyotiSI apanI bhaviSyavANI vyakta karane meM yA bhAvI aniSTa ke bAre meM cetAvanI dene meM paryApta nirbhIkatA se kAma letA hai| isase jyotiSa-vidyA kI garimApUrNa nijatA bhI sUcita hotI hai| eka bAra potanapura ke rAjA zrIvijaya aura rAnI sutArA donoM jyotirvana (jyotirvaNa) meM ghora saMkaTa meM par3a gye| phalata:, potanapura meM ghora utpAta zurU huaa| haThAt dharatI Dolane lgii| ulkAe~ girane lgiiN| madhyAhnakAla meM hI sUrya manda par3a gyaa| vinA kisI parva-divasa (grahaNa-divasa) ke rAhu sUrya ko nigala gyaa| dizAe~ dhUla se Dhaka giiN| prakhara havA bahane lgii| prajAe~ udvigna ho

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 179 uThIM / rAjA aura yuvarAja - sahita antaHpura ke loga kSubdha ho uThe / rAjamAtA svayamprabhA bhI ghabarA uThIM / usI samaya, utpAta ko dekhakara zazabindu nAmaka jyotiSI ne kahA: "ye jo utpAta ho rahe haiM, ve rAjA ke bhAvI tIvra bhaya kI sUcanA de rahe haiM / samprati, zrIvijaya kA jIvana saMkaTa meM par3a gayA hai| zIghra hI unakI khoja kI jAya / " jyotiSI kI cetAvanI sunakara rAjAoM kA hRdaya bhayakampita ho uThA / ve kiMkartavyavimUDhase raha gye| tabhI jyotistattva kA pAraMgata zANDilyAyana ratha para car3hakara AyA aura usane sabako nirbhaya hone kA AzvAsana dete hue zrIvijaya ke saMkaTamukta rahane kA samAcAra diyA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 316-317) / vasudeva dvArA kathita harivaMza - kula kI utpatti kI kathA ke prasaMga meM bhI bijalI girane ke durnimitta kI carcA AI hai| kauzAmbI ke rAjA sammukha ne eka bAra apane Azrita vIraka nAmaka bunakara (julAhA ) kI patnI vanamAlA kA apaharaNa kara liyaa| vIraka apanI patnI vanamAlA ke viyoga meM vilApa karane lgaa| eka dina rAjA, vIraka kI rUpavatI patnI vanamAlA ke sAtha jharokhe meM baiThA vIraka ko dayanIya avasthA meM dekhakara socane lagA : oha ! maiMne bar3A anartha kiyA ! tabhI, una donoM para bijalI A girI, jisase donoM hI mara gaye (padmAvatIlambha: pR. 357) / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhaviSyavANI karanevAle jyotiSiyoM meM krauSTuki naimittika kA bhI nAma AyA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai, yaha siyAra kI AvAja sunakara zakuna vicAranevAlA jyotiSI thA / usane jarAsandha kI putrI jIvayazA (jIvadyazA) ke viSaya meM batAyA thA ki yaha bAlikA donoM kuloM kA nAza karanevAlI hai / isIlie, vasudeva ke bar3e bhAI ne vaha lar3akI vasudeva ko na dekara kaMsa ko de dI / yadyapi, jarAsandha kI sUcanA ke anusAra, siMhapura ke rAjA siMharatha ko bandI banAnevAle vasudeva ko hI vaha kanyA milanI cAhie thI / kintu, jyotiSI kI cetAvanI ke kAraNa, vaha kanyA vasudeva ke sahayoddhA kaMsa kI pariNItA banA dI gaI / uparivivRta bhaviSyavANiyoM se sambaddha samasta jyotistattva jyotiSazAstra ke 'praznavicAra' prakaraNa ke antarbhUta haiM / praznavicAra ke viSayoM meM AyurjJAna, mRtyu- prazna, jaya-parAjaya kA prazna, vivAha se sambaddha prazna, kAryasiddhi kA prazna, iSTAniSTa kA prazna Adi parigaNita haiM / isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne bhAratIya jyotiSa ke vyAvahArika siddhAntoM kA, jo vaidika paramparA ke saMhitA granthoM zramaNa paramparA ke Agama-granthoM taka meM bahuza: carcita haiM, atizaya ruciratA ke sAtha niyojana kiyA hai| zubha tithi, nakSatra, vAra, yoga, karaNa aura muhUrta : 'vasudevahiNDI' meM saMghadAsagaNI ne jyotistattva ke zubha tithi, karaNa aura muhUrta kI carcA bAra-bAra kI hai, yadyapi unhoMne unakA koI saiddhAntika gaNita nahIM prastuta kiyA hai / jJAtavya hai ki AtmakalyANa ke sAtha hI loka vyavahAra ke nirvAha ke lie jyotiSa ke do kriyAtmaka siddhAnta haiM : gaNita aura phalita | gaNita jyotiSa ke, zuddha gaNita ke atirikta karaNa, tantra aura siddhAnta ye tIna upabheda haiM aura phalita jyotiSa ke jAtaka, tAjika, muhUrta, prazna evaM zakuna ye pA~ca upabheda

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180 ___ vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA milate haiN| 'karaNa' kI carcA karake saMghadAsagaNI ne, gaNita jyotiSa ke prati AgrahI na hote hue bhI, mahattvapUrNa bhAratIya gaNita jyotiSa kI ora saMketa to avazya hI kara diyA hai| kintu, phalita jyotiSa ke jJAna ke lie tithi, nakSatra, vAra yoga aura muhUrta ke atirikta karaNa kI jAnakArI Avazyaka hai, isalie phalita jyotiSa ke siddhAntoM ke vivaraNa ke krama meM saMghadAsagaNI ne karaNa kI carcA karake phalita jyotiSa ke saiddhAntika sandarbho ko hI prAsaMgikatA pradAna kI hai| tithi: 'bahucabrAhmaNa' meM tithi kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai : 'yAM paryastamiyAdabhyudayAditi sA tithi: / ' arthAt, jisameM candramA ugatA hai aura asta hotA hai, use tithi kahate haiN| isa lakSaNa ke anusAra, cAndra mAsa meM tIsa tithiyA~ na hokara kamI-bezI hotI rahatI hai| matAntara meM, sUrya ke udayAsta ke AdhAra para bhI tithiyoM kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai, jisase saura mAsa meM sUryodayavyApinI tithiyoM kI gaNanA hotI hai| isameM prAya: tIsa tithiyA~ hotI haiN| saura mAsa meM kramaza: bAraha mahInoM meM meSa, vRSa Adi bAraha rAziyoM meM sUrya saMkrAnta hote haiM / vivAha Adi meM saura mAsa aura yajJa Adi meM sAvana yA cAndramAsa kI gaNanA hotI hai| 'muhUrttacintAmaNi' ke racayitA rAma daivajJa ne likhA bhI hai : "vivAhAdau smRta: sauro yajJAdau sAvana: smRta: / " jyotiSazAstra ke anusAra, candra aura sUrya ke antarAMzoM para se tithi kA mAna nikAlA jAtA hai| pratidina bAraha aMzoM kA antara sUrya aura candramA ke bhramaNa meM hotA hai. yahI antarAMza kA madhyama mAna hai| amAvasyA ke bAda pratipadA se pUrNimA taka kI tithiyA~ zuklapakSa kI aura pUrNimA ke bAda pratipadA se amAvasyA taka kI tithiyA~ kRSNapakSa kI hotI haiN| jyotiSazAstra meM tithiyoM kI gaNanA zuklapakSa kI pratipadA se Arambha hotI hai / varSArambha bhI caitra zukla kI pratipadA se hI hotA hai / ye tithiyA~ nandA (pratipadA, SaSThI, ekAdazI), bhadrA (dvitIyA, saptamI, dvAdazI), jayA (tRtIyA, aSTamI, trayodazI), riktA (caturthI, navamI, caturdazI) aura pUrNA (paMcamI, dazamI aura pUrNimA) ina pA~ca nAmoM se saMjJita aura vargIkRta haiN| nakSatra : kaI tArAoM ke samudAya ko nakSatra kahate haiN| 'atharvasaMhitA" meM kahA gayA hai ki "vizvadarzI sUrya ke Ate hI nakSatra aura rAtri cora kI taraha bhAga jAte haiN|" isa vAkya meM tAroM ko nakSatra kahA gayA hai| AkAzamaNDala kI dUrI nakSatroM se jJAta hotI hai| samasta AkAzamaNDala ko jyotirvijJAna ne sattAIsa vibhAgoM meM vyavasthita karake pratyeka bhAga kA nAma nakSatra rakhA hai| azvinI, bharaNI, kRttikA, rohiNI, mRgazirA, ArdrA, punarvasu, puSya, AzleSA, maghA, pUrvAphAlgunI, uttarAphAlgunI, hasta, citrA, svAtI, vizAkhA, anurAdhA, jyeSThA, mUla, pUrvASAr3hA, uttarASAr3hA, zravaNa, dhaniSThA, zatabhiSA, pUrvAbhAdrapada, uttarAbhAdrapada aura revatI ye sattAIsa nakSatra haiN| abhijit ko aTThAIsavA~ nakSatra mAnA gayA hai| jyotirvidoM kI gaNanA ke anusAra, uttarASAr3hA kI antima pandraha ghaTiyA~ aura zravaNA kI prArambhika cAra ghaTiyA~, isa prakAra unnIsa ghaTiyoM kA mAnavAlA abhijit nakSatra hotA hai / sUkSmatA se samajhane ke lie ye nakSatra sAta-sAta ke samUhoM(7 x 4 = 28) meM cAra caraNoM meM vibhakta haiN| vAra : 'RksaMhitA meM vAroM ko sAmAnyata: 'vAsara' kahA gayA hai| sAyaNAcArya ne 'vAsara' kA artha 'divasa' kiyA hai| jisa dina kI prathama horA (ghaNTA) kA jo grahasvAmI hotA hai, usa dina 1. apa tye tAvayo yathAnakSatrA yantyuktibhiH / sUrAyavizvacakSase / - atharvasaMhitA, 13 / 2 / 17 / 2. Adipralasya retaso jyotiSpazyanti vAsaram / paroyadidhyate divA / RksaMhitA : 8.6.30

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 181 usI graha ke nAma kA vAra hotA hai| sRSTi ke Arambha meM sabase pahale sUrya dikhalAI par3atA hai, isalie vaha pahalI horA kA svAmI hotA hai| ataeva, prathama vAra kA nAma ravivAra hai| isa prakAra, isI krama se somavAra, maMgalavAra, budhavAra, bRhaspativAra, zukravAra aura zanivAra ye kula sAta vAra hote haiN| bRhaspati, candra, budha, aura zukra ye saumyasaMjJaka evaM maMgala, ravi aura zani ye krUrasaMjJaka vAra mAne gaye haiN| ravivAra sthira, somavAra cara, maMgalavAra ugra, budhavAra sama, guruvAra laghu, zukravAra mRdu aura zanivAra tIkSNasaMjJaka hai| ___ yoga : jyotiSa kI gaNanA ke anusAra, sUrya aura candramA ke spaSTa sthAnoM ko jor3akara tathA kalAe~ banAkara 800 kA bhAga dene para yogoM kI saMkhyA nikala AtI hai| yogoM kI kula saMkhyA sattAIsa hai : viSkambha, prIti, AyuSmAn, saubhAgya, zobhana, atigaNDa, sukarmA, dhRti, zUla, gaNDa, vRddhi, dhruva, vyAghAta, harSaNa, vajra, siddhi, vyatIpAta, varIyAn, parigha, ziva, siddha, sAdhya, zubha, zukla, brahma, aindra aura vaidhRti / jisa prakAra nakSatroM ke alaga-alaga devatA yA svAmI haiM, usI prakAra yogoM ke bhI alaga-alaga svAmI hote haiN| karaNa : tithi ke Adhe bhAga ko karaNa kahate haiM, arthAt eka tithi meM do karaNa hote haiN| kula gyAraha karaNa hote haiM / inake nAma aura svAmI isa prakAra haiM: vava (indra), bAlava (brahmA), kaulava (sUrya), taitila (sUrya), gara (pRthvI), vaNija (lakSmI), viSTi (yama), zakuni (kaliyuga), catuSpAda (rudra), nAga (sarpa) aura kiMstughna (vAyu) / viSTi kA hI apara nAma bhadrA hai, jo azubha mAnI jAtI hai, yAtrAkAla meM to yaha vizeSa rUpa se tyAjya hai| muhUrta : 'taittirIya brAhmaNa meM dina aura rAtri, donoM ke muhUrta-saMjJaka pandraha vibhAga batAye gaye haiN| donoM pakSoM (zukla aura kRSNa) ke pandraha-pandraha muhUrta milAkara mahIne meM tIsa dinoM kI bhA~ti tIsa muhUrta mAne gaye haiN| eka muhUrta meM pandraha sUkSma muhUrta hote haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM jyotiSazAstra ke ukta samasta tattvoM kA nAmata: yathAprasaMga ullekha kiyA hai / katipaya prasaMga dhyAtavya haiM : bhagavAn RSabhasvAmI jisa samaya apanI mAtA marudevI kI kokha meM avatIrNa hue the, usa samaya candramA uttarASADhA nakSatra ke yoga meM thaa| samaya pUrA hone para marudevI ne caitra kRSNa aSTamI ke dina uttarASADhA nakSatra meM hI puruSazreSTha putra ko janma diyA thaa| (nIlayazAlambha : pU 159) / jyotiSazAstra ke anusAra uttarASADhA kA nakSatra dhanu aura makara rAzi kA hotA hai| isa rAzi meM candramA ke rahane para jAtaka vaktA, sundara, zilpajJa, prasiddha dhArmika aura zatruvinAzaka hotA hai, isIlie tIrthaMkara ke janma ke nimitta isa zubhayoga kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| bhagavAn jagadguru RSabhasvAmI ne ninyAnabbe hajAra 'pUrva' taka kevalI avasthA meM vihAra karake caudaha bhakta (upavAsa-vizeSa)-pUrvaka mAgha mahIne ke kRSNa pakSa kI trayodazI tithi ko abhijit 1.atha yadAha / citraH keturdAtA pradAtA savitA prasavitAbizAstAnumanteti / eSa eva tat / eSa va te'hano muhUrtAH / eSa raatreH|- tebA, 3 / 10 / 9 / 2. yathokta samasta jyotistattvoM ke vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : (ka) bhAratIya jyotiSa : DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI; (kha) bhAratIya jyotiSa : zaMkara bAlakRSNadIkSita, anu.: zrIzivanAtha jhArakhaNDI, prakAzana vyUro, sUcanA-vibhAga, lakhanaU ; (hindI-samiti, lkhnuu)|

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182 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA nakSatra meM aSTAdazaparvata para dasa hajAra sAdhuoM, ninyAnabbe putroM tathA ATha pautroM ke sAtha eka hI samaya meM nirvANa prApta kiyA thA (somazrIlambha : pR. 185) / mRtyu yA janma ke samaya abhijit nakSatra kA yoga kisI mahApuruSa ko hI prApta hotA hai| bhAratIya jyotiSa-paramparA janma ke samaya jisa prakAra zubha muhUrta ko anukUla mAnatI hai, usI prakAra mRtyu ke samaya bhii| zubha ghar3I meM mRtyu hone se mRtaka ke parivAra meM, bhaviSya meM jaldI koI aniSTa nahIM hotaa| anyathA, kisI ghAtaka yoga meM mRtyu hone se mRtaka ke parivAra ke anya kaI sadasya bhI lagAtAra mRtyuyoga meM par3a jAte haiN| ataeva, bhagavAn RSabhasvAmI kI mRtyu kI ghaTanA zubhayoga meM kalpita kI gaI hai / isake atirikta, zubhayoga meM mRtyu hone se svargaprApti yA mokSalAbha hotA hai| isIlie, bhagavAn RSabhasvAmI kI nirvANa-tithi eka zubhatithi mAnI jAtI hai| ____ vasudeva ke sAtha nIlayazA kA pANigrahaNa zubha nimitta aura sundara muhUrta meM huA thA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 180) / jyotiSazAstra ke sAmAnya siddhAnta ke anusAra, vivAha ke lie mUla, anurAdhA, mRgazirA, revatI, hasta, uttarAphAlgunI, uttarASADhA, uttarAbhAdrapada, svAtI, maghA aura rohiNI, ye nakSatra tathA jyeSTha, mAgha, phAlguna, vaizAkha, mArgazIrSa aura ASAr3ha, ye mahIne zubha mAne gaye haiN| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prayukta jyotiSI ke isa vAkya 'pasatthaM nimittaM, muhatto ya sohaNo' se vivAha ke ukta zubha muhUrtoM meM hI kisI eka kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| mAtaMgavRddhA ne nIlayazA ke sAtha vivAha ke nimitta vasudeva ko jisa samaya vetAla se pakar3a ma~gavAyA thA, usa samaya rAste meM unheM mAlA kI lar3iyA~, ujalA baila, hAthI, caityagRha, sAdhu Adi aneka zubha zakuna bhI dikhAI par3e the, isalie vaha saba 'prazasta nimitta' kA hI sUcaka thaa| vasudeva kA somazrI ke sAtha pANigrahaNa bhI zubha dina aura zubha vivAha-lagna meM hI huA thaa| isI prakAra, amitateja aura jyotiSabha evaM zrIvijaya aura sutArA kA vivAha zubha tithi, karaNa aura muhUrta meM huA thaa| vivAha ke bAda dhruvadarzana vaidika paramparA-svIkRta mAMgalika prathA hai| sAmavedIya gRhyasUtroM meM vidhAna hai ki dhruvanakSatra yA dhruvatAre ke darzana ke pUrva vara ko chaha mantroM ke sAtha chaha AhatiyA~ arpita karanI caahie| gRhyasUtroM meM dhruvadarzana ke aneka mantra haiN| ina mantroM meM dampati ke maMgala kI bhAvanA nihita hai| do-eka mantra draSTavya haiM : dhuvaidhi poSyA mayi mAM tvAdAd bRhaspatiH / mayA patyA prajAvatI saM jIva: zaradaH zatam // (zAMkhAyana gRhyasUtra, 1.17.3 ; pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1.8.19) arthAt, mujhe tumheM bRhaspati ne diyA hai, mere dvArA poSaNa-yogya tuma mere prati sthira ho jaao| mujha pati ke sAtha santAna-sahita tuma sau varSoM taka jIvita rho| 'ApastambagRhyasUtra' (2.6.12) kA eka mantra hai: dhruvakSitidhurvayonirbuvamasi dhruvataH sthitam / tvaM nakSatrANAM meMdhyasi sa mA pAhi pRtanyata: // arthAt, sthira nivAsavAle, sthira janmasthAnavAle, tuma dhruva (sthira) ho| tuma sthiratA se sthita ho| tuma nakSatroM ke stambha ho| aise tuma zatru se merI rakSA kro|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 'Agnivezya gRhyasUtra' (1.5.4, 6.3) meM dhruvadarzana ke nimnAMkita mantra kA viniyoga hai : dhruvaM namasyAmi manasA dhruveNa dhruvaM nau sakhyaM dIrghamAyuzca bhUyAt / adbhugdhAvasmizca pare ca loke dhuvaM praviSTau syAma zaraNaM sukhArtto // 183 arthAt, sthira citta se maiM dhruva ko namaskAra karatA hU~, hamArI mitratA sthira ho aura Ayu dIrgha ho / ihaloka aura paraloka meM aviyukta bhAva se hama dhruva kI zaraNa meM praviSTa hokara sukhI ho jAya~ / 'mAnavagRhyasUtra' (1.14.10) aura 'vArAhagRhyasUtra' (15.21) meM dhruva, arundhatI, jIvantI aura saptarSi nakSatroM ko dikhAne kI kriyA meM nimnAMkita mantra kA viniyoga hai : acyutA dhruvA dhruvapatnI dhruvaM pazyema sarvataH / dhruvAsaH parvatA ime dhruvA strI patikuleyam // arthAt, tuma avicala sthira dhruvapatnI ho, hama sabhI ora dhruva ko dekheM / ye parvata, dhruva, arthAt sthira haiM, pati ke kula meM yaha strI sthira ho jAya / isa prakAra vaidika gRhyasUtroM meM dhruvadarzana' kA atizaya anivArya mahattva hai / vivAha-saMskAra ke lie vihita yaha vaidika karma cU~ki nakSatra-darzana se sambaddha hai, isalie jyotiSazAstra ke antargata parigaNanIya hai / isI jyotiSamUlaka vaidika prathA ke paripAlana ke sandarbha meM, vasudeva ke kapilA ke sAtha vivAha hone ke bAda, dhruvadarzana se una ( vara-vadhU) ke prasanna ( 'dhuvadaMsaNasumaNaso' ) hone ke prasaMga (kapilAlambha : pR. 200) kA ullekha saMghadAsagaNI ne kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hI unapara vaidika prabhAva kA saMketa prApta hotA hai / tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ke, apanI mAtA acirA ke garbha meM Ane para kuru-janapada ke sAre prAkRtika upadrava zAnta ho gaye the aura nau mAsa, sAr3he sAta rAta-dina bItane para jyeSTha kRSNapakSa kI trayodazI tithi ko bharaNI nakSatra ke yoga meM tIrthaMkara ne janma liyA thaa| bhagavAn zAntinAtha kA kada cAlIsa . dhanuSya (cAra hAtha) U~cA thA / solaha mahIne kama paccIsa hajAra varSa taka saMsAra meM prakAza phailAkara unhoMne vidyAdhara- cAraNoM dvArA sevita sammedaparvata-zikhara para eka mAsa kA upavAsa karake jyeSTha kRSNapakSa kI trayodazI tithi ko bharaNI nakSatra meM candramA ke yoga hone para nirvANa prApta kiyA thA / janma aura mRtyu kI eka hI tithi zAyada hI kisI bhAgyavAn ko prApta hotI hai / jyotiSa kA yaha zubha yoga bhagavAn zAntinAtha jaise mahApuruSa ko sulabha huA thA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 340 tathA 343) / isI prakAra, candramA ke aneka uttama yogoM meM pahu~cane para tathA prasavakAla pUrA hone para tIrthaMkara kunthunAtha kA janma huA thaa| phira, kRttikA nakSatra meM candramA ke cale jAne para, usI zubha muhUrta meM kunthunAtha ne mahAbhiniSkramaNa karake siddhatva prApta kiyA (tatraiva pR. 345-346) / aranAtha kI mAtA, devI ne bhI jaba mahApuruSa kI utpatti ke sUcaka zubha svapnoM ko dekhA, taba unake garbha meM aranAtha aaye| nau mahIne ke bAda, dasaveM mahIne ke prArambha meM unakA janma huA / jyotiSa kI gaNanA ke anusAra, usa samaya candramA revatI nakSatra ke yoga meM thA aura pUrvadizAmukha 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'gRhyamantra aura unakA viniyoga' : DaoN. kRSNa lAla, pra, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa; pR. 160 - 165 /

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184 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA ke alaMkAra-svarUpa bRhaspati kA udaya thaa| phira jisa samaya unhoMne pravrajyA lI, usa samaya bhI candramA revatI nakSatra meM hI thA (tatraiva : pR. 346-347) / caudahaveM madanavegAlambha meM, jamadagni ke nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM, janmanakSatra kI vivecanA kA prasaMga bhI prApta hotA hai / dakSiNa arddhabharata-kSetra meM vArANasI nAma kI nagarI hai| agnizikhara aura saMghavatI vahA~ ke rAjA-rAnI the| unake eka putra utpanna huaa| usI samaya do jyotiSiyoM se sAgraha prazna kiyA gayA : "bAlaka kA janmanakSatra btaayeN|" una jyotiSiyoM meM eka ne kahA : "samprati bharaNI nakSatra samApta ho rahA hai|" dUsare ne kahA : "kRttikA nakSatra prArambha ho rahA hai / " taba donoM jyotiSiyoM ne vicAra karake aura donoM nakSatroM ke adhiSThAtA devoM ke AdhAra para usa bAlaka vA nAma 'jamadagni' rakha diyaa| kyoMki, bharaNI kA devatA yama hai aura kRttikA kA devatA agni (pR. 235) / kauzAmbI ke dRDhaprahArI ne agaDadatta ko zubha tithi, karaNa, nakSatra, dina aura muhUrta meM astra-zastra aura ratha-saMcAlana kI vidyA kA prazikSaNa denA Arambha kiyA thaa| (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 36) ___"jyotiSAM sUryacandrAdigrahANAM bodhakaM zAstraM jyotiSazAstram", arthAt sUrya, candra Adi grahoM aura kAloM kA bodha karAnevAle zAstra ko jyotiSazAstra kahA jAtA hai| isa vyutpatti ke anusAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM nabhomaNDala-sthita jyoti:sambandhI vividha viSayoM kA saMketollekha kiyA hai| prAcIna jainAgama 'samavAyAMga' aura 'sthAnAMga' ke atirikta 'sUryaprajJapti', 'gargasaMhitA', 'jyotiSkaraNDaka' Adi meM bhI jyotiSazAstra kI aneka mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura saMghadAsagaNI ke lie ye hI prAcIna jyotiSa-grantha AdhAra rahe hoNge| isIlie, jyotiSa-viSayaka jaina mAnyatAoM kA bhI ullekha saMghadAsagaNI ne kiyA hai| jaina mAnyatA meM bIsa koTAkoTi addhA sAgara kA eka kalpakAla batAyA gayA hai| isa kalpakAla ke do bheda haiM--eka avasarpiNI aura dUsarA utsrpinnii| avasarpiNI-kAla ke suSamAsuSamA, suSamA, suSamA-duSamA, duSamA-suSamA, duSamA aura duSamA-duSamA ye chaha bheda tathA utsarpiNI ke duSamA-duSamA, duSamA, duSamA-suSamA, suSamA-duSamA, suSamA aura suSamA-suSamA ye chaha bheda mAne gaye haiN| suSamA-suSamA kA pramANa cAra koTAkoTi sAgara, suSamA kA tIna koTAkoTi sAgara, suSamA-duSamA kA do koTAkoTi sAgara, duSamA-suSamA kA bayAlIsa hajAra varSa kama eka koTAkoTi sAgara, duSamA kA ikkIsa hajAra varSa evaM duSamA-duSamA kA bhI ikkIsa hajAra varSa hotA hai| prathama aura dvitIya kAla meM bhogabhUmi' kI racanA, tRtIya kAla meM Adi meM bhogabhUmi aura anta meM karmabhUmi kI racanA hotI hai / isa tRtIya kAla ke anta meM caudaha kulakara utpanna hote haiM, jo prANiyoM ko vibhinna prakAra kI zikSAe~ dete haiN| prathama kulakara, pratizruti ke samaya meM, jaba manuSya ko sUrya aura candramA dikhAI par3e, taba ve inase zaMkita hue aura apanI zaMkA dUra karane ke lie inake pAsa gye| inhoMne sUrya aura candra-sambandhI jyotiSa-viSayaka jJAna kI zikSA dI, jisase inake samaya ke manuSya ina grahoM ke jJAna 1. yaha araba-kharaba kI saMkhyA se bhI kaI gunA adhika hotA hai| 1.janavizvAsa ke anusAra, bhogabhUmi meM bhojana, vastu Adi samasta AvazyakatAoM kI vastue~ kalpavRkSoM se prApta hotI haiN| isa kAla meM bAlaka 49 dinoM meM yuvAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai aura Ayu aparimita kAla kI hotI hai| isa yuga meM manuSya ko yogakSema ke lie kisI prakAra kA zrama nahIM karanA par3atA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 185 se yukta hokara apane kAryoM kA saMcAlana karane lge| isake bAda dvitIya kulakara ne nakSatraviSayaka zaMkAoM kA nirAkaraNa kara apane yuga ke vyaktiyoM ko AkAzamaNDala kI samasta bAteM btaaiiN| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM jyotiSa kI sRSTi-prakriyA ke prAyaH samasta tattvoM ko samAhRta karane kI ceSTA kI hai| . zakunakautukaH jyotiSa kA eka pramukha aMga zakuna bhI hai| jyotiSa meM isa zAstra kA bhI svatantra vikAsa huA hai| isameM kArya ke pUrva honevAle zubhAzubha zakunoM kA pratipAdana AkarSaka DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| dhammillahiNDI kI agaDadatta-kathA meM ullekha hai ki kauzAmbI ke dRDhaprahArI ne agaDadatta ko jaba astravidyA kI zikSA denA zurU kiyA thA, taba usake pahale zakunakautuka kI kriyA pUrI kI gaI thii| zakuna meM A~khoM yA bhujAoM kA phar3akanA, savatsA gAya ko dekhanA Adi bAteM AtI haiM aura kautuka meM snAna, rakSAbandhana, havana Adi kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiN| vasudeva ke sAtha jitanI paliyoM kA vivAha huA hai, prAya: sabameM vivAha-pUrva kautuka ke sampanna hone kA ullekha saMghadAsagaNI ne kiyA hai| mAtaMgavRddhA ne vasudeva ko jisa samaya vetAla se zmazAna-gRha meM pakar3a ma~gavAyA thA, usa samaya vasudeva ko kaI zubha zakuna dRSTigocara hue the| jaise, kucha dUra nikalane para vasudeva ke pairoM se zobhAsampanna mAlA kI lar3iyA~ A lgiiN| phira, thor3I dUra Age bar3hane para anukUla ujalA baila dikhAI par3A, phira thor3I dUra para baiThA huA hAthI dikhAI pdd'aa| kucha dUra Age jAne para caityagRha milA aura vahA~ sAdhuoM kA svara sunAI pdd'aa| ina sabako vasudeva ne zubha zakuna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| dasaveM puNDrAlambha meM, vasudeva 'prazasta zakuna' dekhakara hI dyUtasabhA meM gaye the (pR. 210) / ___pA~caveM somazrIlambha ke prArambha meM bhramaNa karate hue vasudeva ko vAtamRga dikhAI par3e the| ve pakSI kI taraha ur3akara cale gye| taba vasudeva ne socA : "vAtamRgoM kA darzana to bar3A zubha hotA hai| yaha to lAbha kA sUcaka hai|" isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aneka zakunakautukoM kA yathAprasaMga varNana jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para huA hai| yadyapi, paravartI kAla meM jaina sampradAya ke aneka jyotiSiyoM ne zakunazAstra para vizadatA se vicAra kiyA hai| zakuna ke prasaMga meM hI aSTAMgamahAnimitta (ketumatIlambha : pR. 315) kI nAmataH carcA saMghadAsagaNI ne kI hai, jo nizcaya hI sthAnAMga' para AdhRta hai| sthAnAMga meM ATha prakAra ke, arthAt ATha aMgoMvAle mahAnimitta kA ullekha huA hai| jaise : bhUmi-sambandhI, utpAtoM se sambaddha, svapna-viSayaka, antarikSa-sambandhI, aMga-sambandhI, svara, lakSaNa aura vyaMjana-sambandhI, ye ATha mahAnimitta haiN| bhUmikampa Adi zubhAzubha mahAnimittoM ko 'bhauma' kahA gayA hai; Akasmika upadrava ke sUcaka mahAnimittoM ko 'utpAta' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai; zubhAzubha svapna-viSayaka mahAnimitta 'svapa' zabda se saMjJita haiM; nakSatra, graha Adi se sambaddha zubhAzubha mahAnimitta ko 'antarikSa' 1. mahANimittapadaM / aTThavihe mahANimitte paNNatte, taM jahA bhaume, uppAte, suviNe aMtalikkhe, aMge, sare, lakkhaNe, vNjne|-tthaannaag (sthaanaag),8|23 /

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186 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA kahate haiM, aMgoM ke AkAra-prakAra, sphuraNa Adi mahAnimittoM ko 'aMga' kahA jAtA hai aura svara ke anurUpa phalAphala ke sUcaka mahAnimitta 'svara' kahe gaye haiM; aMgoM ke saMsthAna yA saMracanA (rUpa, raMga, banAvaTa Adi) kI zubhatA aura azubhatA ke sUcaka mahAnimittoM ko 'lakSaNa' kahA gayA hai aura aMgoM ke massA, tila Adi cihnoM ke phalAphala kI sUcanA denevAle mahAnimittoM ko 'vyaMjana' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| ina AThoM mahAnimittoM para alaga-alaga ATha nimittazAstroM kI racanAe~ bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kahIM kathAgata ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se aura kahIM sirpha nAma lekara AThoM mahAnimittoM kA ullekha huA hai| Ayurveda ke ATha aMgoM kI taraha yaha aSTAMgamahAnimitta hI jyotiSazAstra kA merudaNDa hai| Upara, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApta aSTAMgamahAnimitta ke katipaya aMgoM para prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| yahA~ do-eka aMgalakSaNoM para, jise aMgavidyA yA sAmudrikazAstra bhI kahate haiM, prakAza-nikSepa kiyA jA rahA hai| aMgalakSaNa ke hI antargata karalakSaNa yA hastarekhAoM kA adhyayana bhI sannihita hai / yadyapi, saMghadAsagaNI ne hastarekhA kI pratyakSa carcA kahIM nahIM kI hai| kintu, katipaya pAtroM ke aMgalakSaNoM ke nirUpaNa meM unake hAtha-paira meM aMkita zubhasUcaka cihnoM kI carcA avazya huI hai| aMgalakSaNa yA aMgavidyA : ___ aMgoM kI ceSTA yA cihnoM ko dekhakara zubhAzubha kahane kI vidyA ko 'aMgavidyA' kahate haiN| sAmudrikazAstra isI kA paryAya hai| 'bRhatsaMhitA' ke ikyAvanaveM adhyAya meM isa vidyA kA pUrNa vivaraNa ullikhita hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke pramukha pAtroM ke zubhAzubha aMgalakSaNoM kA aMkana kiyA hai| rAjagRha ke sArthavAha kI palI dhAriNI ke 'jambU' nAmaka sulakSaNa aura varcasvI putra utpanna huA thaa| caritanAyaka vasudeva svayaM AkRtyA aura prakRtyA sarvazreSTha puruSa the| unakA aMga-pratyaMga prazasta lakSaNoM se sampanna thaa| unake hAthoM meM sthiratAsUcaka cihna utkIrNa the aura pairoM meM zaMkha, cakra aura Atapatra kA lAMchana thaa| vasudeva jaba dakSiNa deza meM hiNDana kara rahe the, tabhI eka madhyama vaya ke manuSya ne, jo bArIka aura sapheda kapar3A pahane hue thA tathA apane manogata bhAvoM ko aMguliyoM para gina rahA thA, kRtAMjali hokara unase kahA thA : "svAmI ! zAstrapramANa ke AdhAra para, zarIrAkRti se ApakI mahAnubhAvatA kI sUcanA milatI hai|" usa manuSya ne unake aMgalakSaNa isa prakAra batAye the : "siraM chattAgAraM kirIDabhAyaNaM tujhaM, muhaM sakalasasimaMDalacchaviharaM, seyapuMDarIkopamANi loyaNANi, bAhU bhuyagabhogasacchamA, vacchatthalaM lacchisannidhAnaM puravarakavADasaricchaM, vajjasaNNiho majjho, kamalakosasarisA NAhI, kaDI migapatthivAvahAsiNI, UrU gayakalahamuddisasaNasaNNibhappabhAsA, jaMghA kuruviMdavattasaMTThiyAo, lakkhaNAlayaM ca calaNajuyalaM / sayalamahimaMDalapAlaNAriha uttamANaM buddhIo vi uttamA ceva bhvNti|" (bhadramitrA aura satyarakSitA-lambha : pR. 353) saMghadAsagaNI ne anyatra bhI vasudeva ke zArIrika lakSaNoM kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai : "jaNaTThiIparibhujjamANasobho, mauDabhAyaNAyavattasaMThiuttamaMgo, chaccalaNaMjaNasavaNNakuMciya-payAhiNAvattaNiddhasirao, sAradagahavatisammattasommataravayaNacaMdo, caMdaddhovamaniDAlapaTTo,

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 187 ravikaraparilIDhapuMDarIyakkhaNo, sunAso, suragovaga-sila-ppavAlarattAdharoTTo, paNNaganillAliyaggakisalayasavaNNajIho, kamalabbhetaranivesiyakuMdamukulamAlAsaricchadasaNo, kuMDalavilihijjaramaNijjasavaNo, mahAhaNU, tilehAparigayakaMbukaMdharo, pavaramaNisilAtalovamavisAlavaccho, susiliTThapauTThasaMdhi, puraphalihadIharabhujo, uvaciyasAtaccalakkhaNokkiNNapANikuvalo, maNaharatararomarAiraMjiyakaraggagejjhamajhadeso, pavikasamANapaumAhanAbhI, AiNNaturagavaTTiyakaDI, karikarasammathiratarorU NigUDhajANU, eNayajaMgho, sasaMkhacakkA''yavatta-laMchiyakomalakumbhovamANacalaNo, dappiyavaravasahalaliyagamaNo, suisubhagamahattharibhitavANI, sylmhiitlpaalnnaariho|" (padmAlambha : pR. 204) isa prakAra ke zubha aMgalakSaNoM se yukta vasudeva kA vivAha padmAvatI se huA thaa| padmAvatI bhI prazasta aMgalakSaNoM se dedIpyamAna thii| lakSaNazAstriyoM ne usake aMga-pratyaMga ko prazasta batAyA thaa| pratihArI ne vasudeva se, usake aMgalakSaNoM ko batAte hue, isa prakAra kahA thA : "deva! suNaha amhaM sAmiNo abhaggaseNassa duhiyA paumA nAma paumavaNaviyaraNasamUsiyA sirIviva rUvassiNI, lakkhaNapADhagapasaMsiyamuha-nayaNa-nAsA-ho?-payohara-karakisalaya-majjhAdesajahaNorujuyala-jaMghA-calaNakamalAraviMdA, sarassaI viva paramamahuravayaNA, gatIya hNsgmnnhaasinnii| (tatraiva) isa prakAra, vasudevajI kI sabhI paliyA~ aura anya pramukha pAtriyA~ bhI prazasta aMgalakSaNoM se sampanna thiiN| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne AMgika zobhA ke varNana meM aMgavidyA ke anusAra sabhI lakSaNoM kA vizada vivaraNa upanyasta kiyA hai| agaDadatta kI preyasI patnI zyAmadattA 'savvaMgovaMgapasatya-avitaNhapecchaNijjarUvA' (dhammillahiNDI) thii| vasantatilakA kA manuhAra karate samaya dhammilla ko usane apane jisa paira se prahAra kiyA thA, vaha bhI prazasta lakSaNoM se yukta thaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne apane varNana-vaibhava ke sAtha usa sundara paira kA viniyoga isa prakAra kiyA hai : "aNupuvvasujAyaaMgulIdaleNaM, kamaladalakomaleNaM, rattAsoyathavayasannibheNaM, caMgAlattayarasollakovavasasaMjAyaseeNaM calaNeNaM aaho|" (tatraiva) isI prakAra, dhammilla ne nAgaghara meM nAgadattA ko bhI prazasta aMgalakSaNoM se vibhUSita dekhA thA (tatraiva) rukmiNI bhI apane prazasta aMgalakSaNoM ke kAraNa guNoM kA Alaya (pIThikA) mAnI jAtI thii| pradyumna ke aMgalakSaNoM ko dekhakara vidyAdharI kanakamAlA kI dhAraNA banI thI ki vidyAdhara-loka meM pradyumna ke samAna dUsarA puruSa nahIM hai (pIThikA : pR. 92) / vasudeva kI patnI zyAmalI bhI 'lakkhaNapADhagapasaMsiyasupaiTThiyasabhAvarattatalA' thI / (zyAmalIlambha) RSabhadevasvAmI kA zarIra to saubhAgyazAlI aMgalakSaNoM kA pratimAna thaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne unake aMga kI zobhA ke varNana ko isa prakAra vistAra diyA hai : "usabhasAmI pattajovvaNo ya chattasarisasiro, payAhiNAvattakasiNasiroo, sakalagahaNAyagamaNoharavayaNo, AyatabhumayAjuyalo, puMDariyaviyasiyanayaNo, ujjuyavayaNamaMDaNaNAsAvaMso, silappavAlakomalA'haro, dhavala-vimaladasaNapaMtI, cauraMgulappamANakaMbugIvo, puraphalihadIhabAhU lakkhaNajAlaMkiyapANI, sirivacchaMkiyavisAlavaccho, gayavajjamajho, akosapaumanAbhI, subaddha

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188 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA vaTTiyakaDippaeso, turagagujjhadeso, karikarAkArorujuyalo, nigUDhajANumaMDalo, kuruviMdAvattasaMThiyapasatyajaMgho, kaNayakummasarisapAdajuyalo, madhuragaMbhIramaNaharagiro, vasabhalaliyagamaNo, pbhaaprikkhittkNtruuvo|" (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 162) yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki sRSTi ke AdikAla ke kulakaroM kA aMgalakSaNa to mithaka kA viSaya hai| ve AkRtyA saikar3oM dhanuSa-pramANa U~ce hote the| eka dhanuSa kA pramANa cAra hAtha hotA thA (tatraiva: pR. 157) / vajrajaMgha bhI lakSaNazAstra kI dRSTi se sarvAMgasundara thA (tatraiva) / rAjA sagara kI bhI zarIrAkRti lakSaNayukta thI (somazrIlambha) / somazrI ke bhI mukha, A~kha, dA~ta, hAtha, paira, jaghana aura stanakalaza bahuta hI prazasta the| snAna karate samaya usake ina prazasta aMgoM ko vasudeva ne dekhA thA (tatraiva) / manoharabhASiNI rAjakanyA azvasenA (azvasenAlambha) tathA vidyAdhararAja narasiMha kI nAtina prabhAvatI ke bhI aMga parama sundara the (prabhAvatIlambha) / kAmadeva zreSThI kI putrI bandhumatI ko bhI 'pasatthapANi-pAya-jaMghoru-soNi-maMDala-majjha-thaNa-vayaNayaMdA-saMthANa-gamaNa-bhaNiyA' kahA gayA hai (bndhumtiilmbh)| zramaNa-siddhAnta ke anusAra, manuSya zubhakarma ke udaya se yadi prazasta sulakSaNa aMgoM ko prApta karatA hai, to azubha kArya ke udaya se aprazasta kulakSaNa aura anagar3ha zarIra upalabdha karatA hai| raktavatIlambha kI lazunikA dAsI apane azubha karma ke udaya se hI lasuNagaMdhamuhI' huI thii| krodha aura kSamA kA bhI aMgalakSaNa para vyApaka prabhAva par3atA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne isapara bahuta hI jamakara vicAra kiyA hai| solahaveM bAlacandrAlambha meM unakA etadviSayaka vaktavya kathA-mAdhyama se manovaijJAnika anubandha ke sAtha isa prakAra mukhara huA hai : muni saMjayanta jijJAsu vidyAdharoM se kahate haiM : "jo jIva dUsare ke prati ruSTa hone ke kAraNa hRdaya meM amarSa dhAraNa karatA hai, kintu use kAryAnvita nahIM karatA, vaha krodhAgni se bhItara-hI-bhItara sulagate rahane se vivarNamukha aura paruSakAnti hokara vyartha hI santApa jhelatA hai| kruddha hokara jo vyakti dUsare ko duHkha pahu~cAnA cAhatA hai, vaha pahale apane hI zarIra ko roSAgni kI jvAlA meM jalAtA hai, pIche kAraNa ke anusAra dUsare ko duHkha pahu~ce yA na phuNce| jisa prakAra koI vyakti ajJatAdoSavaza dUsare ko jalAne ke lie yadi apanI u~galI jalAtA hai, to pahale vaha apane ko hI jalAtA hai, pIche dUsarA koI jale yA na jle| aura phira, samartha hokara jo vyakti kisI dUsare niraparAdha ko Akroza, vadha aura bandhana dvArA kaSTa detA hai, vaha krodhadagdha, nipuNa, nirdaya, pApAcArI, adarzanIya aura parityAjya mAnA jAkara nindA kA pAtra banatA hai| aura phira, jo jIva kSamApakSa kA Azraya letA hai, vaha santAparahita, saumya aura sukhI jIvana jItA hai, sajjana usakA Adara karate haiM aura isa loka meM vaha pUjanIya tathA yaza kA bhAgI hotA hai aura paraloka meM, manuSyabhava yA devabhava meM jana-nayana-manohara rUpa aura madhura vANI se yukta hokara usa bhava ke yogya sukha bhogatA hai aura tadanusAra sthAna aura mAna kA adhikArI hotA hai (pR. 263) / " caudahaveM madanavegAlambha meM kathA AI hai ki pAzrI jaba pUrvabhava meM aMjanasenA brAhmaNaputrI ke rUpa meM utpanna huI thI, taba vaha azubha nAmakarma (zArIrika guNa) ke udaya se vikRta aMgalakSaNoMvAlI thii| usake keza rukhar3e aura bhUre the| A~kheM thor3I pIlI thiiN| dA~ta Upara-nIce

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 189 aura AkRti bar3I karkaza thii| jaba vaha yuvatI huI, taba use koI yuvA pasanda nahIM karatA thA / usake stana aura nitamba Dhale hue the / isalie vaha avAMchita vRddhakumArI ho gaI thI (pR. 232) / saMghadAsagaNI ne na kevala manuSyoM aura vidyAdharoM ke, apitu pazuoM aura pakSiyoM ke bhI aMgalakSaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| aTThArahaveM priyaMgusundarIlambha kI kathA hai : vasantapura meM rAjA jitazatru rahatA thA / usake do gomaNDala the| unameM do gomANDalika niyukta the : cArunandI aura phalgunandI / gAyoM meM jo khUbasUrata hotI yA varNa, rUpa, zArIrika saMracanA, sIMga, AkRti Adi kI dRSTi se kalyANakAriNI, maMgalamayI, khoTa-rahita aura uttama thanoMvAlI hotIM, unheM cArunandI rAjA kI gAyoM meM ginatI karatA aura isake viparIta jo gAyeM badasUrata hotIM yA varNa Adi kI dRSTi se akalyANakAriNI, amaMgalamayI, khoTa-yukta, marakhaNDI, bhayaMkara tathA thana-vihIna hotIM, unheM apanI gAyoM meM ginatI karatA / kintu, phalgunandI khUbasUrata tathA uparyukta zubha lakSaNoM se yukta gAyoM ko apanI mAnatA aura badasUrata evaM kulakSaNa gAyoM ko rAjA kI samajhatA (pR. 297) / bahuviSayajJa kathAkAra ne jisa prakAra gAyoM ke aMgalakSaNoM ko nirUpita kiyA hai, usI prakAra ghor3oM aura hAthiyoM ke bhI aMgalakSaNoM ko upanyasta kiyA hai / sphuliMgamukha ghor3e ke aMgalakSaNoM ko batAte hue kathAkAra ne kahA hai ki usake sAre aMgalakSaNa utkRSTa koTi ke the| usakA raMga khile kumuda (kamala) kI bhA~ti lAla thA / usakI U~cAI pacahattara aMgula thI / vaha eka sau ATha the aMgula lambA thA / usakA mu~ha battIsa aMgula kA thaa| usake Avarta ( zarIra ke bha~vara) zuddha khura, kAna, keza, svara, AkRti, A~kha, jA~gha, ye sAre aMga-pratyaMga prazasta lakSaNoMvAle the / vaha ghor3A itanA tejasvI thA ki usapara savArI karanA kaThina thA (kapilAlambha : pR. 199-200 ) / 1 hAthiyoM meM gandhahastI ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| ise kathAkAra ne 'uttama - bhaddalakkhaNovaveo' (uttama aura maMgalamaya lakSaNoM se yukta) kahA hai ( zyAmalIlambha: pR. 122 ) / airAvata ke samAna zreSTha vimalavAhana nAmaka cAra dA~toMvAlA hAthI saMhanana (kAyA) aura AkRti ke uttama lakSaNoM se yukta tathA nau sau dhanuSa (chattIsa sau hAtha) U~cA thA (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 157) / mayUrazAvaka ke aMgalakSaNa nirUpita karate hue kathAkAra ne batAyA hai ki vaha dekhane meM snigdha-manohara thA, piccha se usakA sArA zarIra AcchAdita thA aura usapara aneka citra-vicitra candraka camaka rahe the / isI prakAra, kathAkAra ne mRgoM, sarpoM, kukkuToM, kabUtaroM Adi ke aMgoM ke prazasta lakSaNoM ko nirUpita karane meM aMgavidyA meM apane sUkSma praveza aura parijJAna kA praur3ha paricaya upasthita kiyA hai| uparyukta tathyoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne jyotiSa-vidyA ke pramukha aMgoM meM ullekhya sAmudrikazAstra kA gahana zAstrIya adhyayana kiyA thA, jisakA sandarbhocita samAyojana atizaya nipuNatA ke sAtha apanI isa bRhatkathA meM kiyA hai / puruSa - lakSaNa aura Ayu - vicAra : puruSoM ke lakSaNa aura AyuviSayaka vicAra, donoM jyotiSa - vidyA ke phalita pakSa ke mahattvapUrNa aMga sAmudrikazAstra ke hI antargata haiN| isalie isa krama meM saMghadAsagaNI ke etadviSayaka tathyoM para dRSTipAta aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA jyotiSazAstra ke anusAra, janmakuNDalI ke sthAnavizeSa ko 'bhAva' kahate haiN| yathAnizcita bAraha rAziyoM ke anasAra ye bhAva yA sthAna bAraha hote haiN| isI sthAna ko lagna bhI kahA jAtA hai| aSTama bhAva se pradhAnata: Ayu kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / ina bArahoM sthAnoM meM, manuSya ke janmanakSatra, tithi, samaya Adi ke anusAra yathAnirdhArita nau grahoM kA nivAsa hotA hai| eka sthAna meM eka se adhika graha bhI rahate haiN| lagna meM sthita graha apane svabhAva ke anusAra phalAphala ko denevAlA hotA hai| isalie, janmakuNDalI kI grahasthiti ke adhyayana se mAnava ke sampUrNa jIvana ke adRSTa yA bhAgya kA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai| aura, isa jJAna se bhAgya yA adRSTa ke ghaTanAcakra meM, pUrvopArjita yA kriyamANa karmoM dvArA nyUnAdhikatA lAI jA sakatI hai, phira isa vidhi se adRSTa ke azubha phaloM kI bhogAvadhi meM bhI kamI kI jA sakatI hai| isalie, jIvana ko unnatizIla banAne evaM kriyamANa satkarmoM dvArA pUrvopArjita azubha adRSTa ke prabhAvoM ko manda karake, apane bhaviSya ko sudhArane ke nimitta bhI jyotiSiyoM dvArA kiyA gayA phalAdeza mAnava ke lie mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| lagna meM grahoM kI sthiti ke anusAra hI kisI manuSya ke dIrghAyu, madhyamAyu aura alpAyu hone kA jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta, pratIkoM yA zakuna-pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se bhI Ayu kA vicAra hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne zakuna-pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se hI yatra-tatra Ayu kA vicAra kiyA hai| cArudatta kI AtmakathA ke prasaMga meM, ajJAta vidyAdhara ko khojate hue jaba sabhI Age bar3he, taba unheM kapar3e aura gahane to mile hI, zallakIvRkSa ke jhAr3a meM kucha keza bhI pha~se dikhAI pdd'e| gomukha ke kahane para harisiMha ne jaba kezoM ko sUMghA, taba dhUpa meM tape una bAloM meM tIkhI khuzabU mAlUma pdd'ii| isapara gomukha ne cArudatta se kahA : "ina kezoM aura vastroM kI gandha dIrghAyu vyakti kI pratIta hotI hai| ye keza cikane aura khuzabUdAra haiM aura jar3a se ukhAr3e hue nahIM haiN| isalie, vaha vidyAdhara dIrghAyu aura zreSTha vyakti hai| isa vyakti ko rAjyAbhiSeka prApta hogA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 138) / " jJAtavya hai, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke atirikta, bRhatkathAmUlaka sabhI kathAgranthoM, jaise 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', 'kathAsaritsAgara' aura 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' meM gomukha bahuzruta pAtra ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai, isalie usane yahA~ jyotiSa-vidyA ke sAmudrika zAstra meM apanI paiTha kA bar3A praur3ha paricaya diyA hai| sRSTi ke AdikAla meM jaba mithuna-paramparA pracalita thI, taba mithuna-dampatiyoM kI striyA~ apanI Ayu ke dasaveM bhAga meM putra prasava karatI thiiN| kulakaroM ko to asaMkhya karor3a varSa kI Ayu prApta thI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 157) / tIrthaMkaroM kI Ayu bhI hajAroM-lAkhoM varSoM kI hotI thii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne tirasaTha lAkha pUrva taka rAjya kiyA thaa| jyotiSI, puruSa kI Ayu ke samApta hone kI ghoSaNA bhI karate the| eka jyotiSI ne potanapura ke rAjA zrIvijaya ke mAthe para sAtaveM dina vajra girane kI bhaviSyavANI karake unakI Ayu kI samApti kI ghoSaNA kI thii| Ayu aura bala-vIrya evaM kAryakSamatA ke anusAra hI puruSa ke tIna bheda saMghadAsagaNI ne kiye haiM: uttama, madhyama aura adhama (pIThikA : pR. 101) / dhmessnnaa meM nirata puruSa uttama hotA hai, dhanaiSaNA meM saMlagna puruSa madhyama mAnA jAtA hai aura kAmaiSaNA ko pradhAnatA denevAlA puruSa adhama kahA gayA hai| dharma kA AcaraNa karanevAlA manuSya dIrghAyu hotA hai, yaha zAstrasammata hai|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 191 isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, adhikAMzata: jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para, jyotiSa-vidyA ke tattvoM kA bar3A vyApaka upasthApana kiyA hai| kathArasa kA vighAta kiye vinA jyotiSa ke nigUr3ha pakSoM kA gambhIra vivecana saMghadAsagaNI jaise rasasiddha kathAkAra se hI sambhava thaa| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne jyotiSa ke jitane tattva abhijJApita kiye haiM, ve sUtrAtmaka haiN| isa sandarbha meM, yaha ullekhanIya hai ki eka kathAkAra vizuddha kathAkAra kI bhUmikA meM hI rahatA hai, isalie jyotiSa ke AcAryatva ko pradarzita karane kI guMjAyaza vaha kathA ke mAdhyama se hI nikAla sakatA hai| svapnaphala, bhaviSyavANI, sAmudrikazAstra ke aMgalakSaNa Adi aise jyotiSka AyAma haiM, jo prAcIna kathA ke laukikAtilaukika pAtroM ke vyaktitva-udbhAvana yA mahatkathA ke Avazyaka vistArIkaraNa meM bar3e sahAyaka haiM, isIlie saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI kathAvastu meM ina tattvoM kA jitanA adhika samAveza kiyA hai, utanA graha, nakSatra, yoga, karaNa Adi ke saiddhAntika pakSa kA nhiiN| saMghadAsagaNI kevala itanA hI pradarzita karanA cAhate haiM ki khagola aura bhUgola ke bIca meM rahanevAlA mAnava-jagat antarikSa ke jyotiSka grahatattva aura pRthvI ke zakunazAstrIya prAkRtika tattvoM ke sAtha avicchinna bhAva se jur3A huA hai, isalie use jyotiSa-tattvoM se alaga rakhakara dekhA jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| saMghadAsagaNI ke isa sUtra ko AcArya varAhamihira ke siddhAntoM ke pariprekSya meM vizleSita kiyA jAya, to spaSTa jJAta hogA ki mAnava kA zarIracakra hI grahakakSA-vRtta hai| isa kakSAvRtta ke bAraha bhAga-mastaka, mukha, vakSaHsthala, hRdaya, udara, kaTi, vasti, liMga, jA~gha, ghuTanA, piMDalI, aura paira kramaza: meSa, vRSa, mithuna, karka, siMha, kanyA, tulA, vRzcika, dhanu, makara, kumbha aura mIna ye bAraha rAziyA~ haiN| ina bAraha rAziyoM meM bhramaNa karanevAle grahoM meM AtmA ravi, mana candramA, dhairya maMgala, vANI budha, viveka guru, vIrya zukra aura saMvedana zani hai| isa prakAra, AcArya varAhamihira ne sAta graha aura bAraha rAziyoM kI sthiti dehadhArI prANI ke bhItara hI batAI hai| zarIra-sthita isa sauracakra kA bhramaNa AkAza-sthita sauramaNDala ke niyamoM ke AdhAra para hI hotA hai| jyotiSazAstra vyakta saurajagat ke grahoM kI gati, sthiti Adi ke anusAra hI avyakta zarIra-sthita grahoM kI gati, sthiti Adi ko prakaTa karatA hai| isIlie isa zAstra dvArA nirUpita phaloM kA mAnava-jIvana se aTUTa sambandha hai| ___ yahI rahasya hai ki kalpAntarakArI kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne mAnava-jIvana kI bhUmikA meM parivartamAna apane mAnuSAtimAnuSa pAtroM ko jyotiSazAstra se svabhAvata: sambaddha paridarzita kiyA hai aura isa krama meM jyotistattvoM kA jitanA upayoga sahajatayA sambhava thA, unhoMne unakA yathAprasaMga samyak viniveza kiyA hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA kathA ke vyAja se pratipAdita jyotiSazAstra jyoti:zAstra ke rUpa meM pratiphalita huA hai / arthAt vaha zAstra, jisase prakAza prApta ho yA prakAza ke sambandha meM jJAna kA upadeza mile| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ke jyotiSa-viSayaka tattvoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jisa zAstra se saMsAra kA marma, jIvana-maraNa kA rahasya aura jIvana ke sukha-duHkha ke sambandha meM pUrNa prakAza mile, vaha jyotiSazAstra hai| jyotiSAcArya DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne kahA hai

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192 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti ko vRhatkathA ki "jIvana ke Alocya sabhI viSayoM kA, isa zAstra kA pratipAdya viSaya bananA hI isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki yaha jIvana kA vizleSaNa karanevAlA zAstra hai|" ___ nizcaya hI, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI samasta kathAe~ jIvana kA vizleSaNa upasthita karatI haiM, isalie unameM jIvana-vizleSaka jyotistattvoM kA samAhAra, isa kathAgrantha ke mahAn sraSTA ke vyApaka jIvanoddezya kA paricAyaka hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| (kha) Ayurveda-vidyA AyurvedazAstra yadyapi svatantra rUpa se vikasita huA hai, tathApi jyotiSazAstra aura tantravidyA se isakI prasakti aura pratyAsatti barAbara banI rhii| bheSaja kA nirmANa, rogI kI parIkSA, rogI ke zubhAzubha svapna ke AdhAra para usake jIvana-maraNa kA nizcaya, vaidya ko bulAkara le jAnevAle dUta ke lakSaNa Adi zakunazAstrIya samasta tattvoM kA jJAna eka kuzala vaidya ke lie anivArya thaa| jyotiSa-jJAna ke vinA oSadhiyoM kA nirmANa yathAsamaya sampanna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kAraNa spaSTa hai ki grahoM ke tattva aura svabhAva ko jJAta kara tadanusAra usI tattva aura svabhAvavAlI davA kA nirmANa karane se vaha (davA) rAmabANa kI taraha amogha hotI hai| prAcIna kAla ke vaidya eka acche jyotiSI bhI hote the, isalie ve grahatattvoM ke jJAna se sampanna the aura sundara tathA apUrva guNakArI davAoM kA nirmANa kara sakate the aura jisa rogI kI cikitsA karanA svIkAra karate the, use avazya hI rogamukta kara dete the, puna: azubha zakuna ke lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para jisa rogI ke roga ko asAdhya mAnate the, usakI cikitsA karane se sApha inakAra kara dete the| jyotiSa ke aMgalakSaNa kI bhA~ti Ayurveda meM bhI aMgalakSaNa kA vidhAna suzruta ne kiyA hai| dIrghAyu vyakti kI lambAI eka sau aMgula kI mAnI gaI hai (sUtrasthAna : 35.12) / jyotiSa kI gaNanA ke AdhAra para, jyotirvid vaidya rogiyoM ke mRtyuyoga kI bhI jAnakArI prApta kara lete the aura tadanusAra hI inakI (rogiyoM kI) bImArI kI susAdhyatA, dussAdhyatA aura asAdhyatA kA nirNaya karate the| spaSTa hai ki jyotiSazAstra ke jJAna dvArA rogI kI caryA aura ceSTA ko avagata kara bahuta kucha aMzoM meM roga kI maryAdA jAnI jA sakatI hai| Ayurveda ke prAcIna grantha 'carakasaMhitA', 'suzrutasaMhitA' (I. pU. 300 ke lagabhaga), vAgbhaTasaMhitA' (aSTAMgahRdaya : sambhavata: saMghadAsagaNI ke samakAlIna) Adi meM rogI kI roga-maryAdA jAnane ke aneka niyama Aye haiN| ataeva, jo cikitsaka Avazyaka jyotistattvoM ko jAnakara cikitsAkarma ko sampanna karatA hai, vaha apane isa kArya meM adhika saphala hotA hai| jyotiSazAstra ke samyak jJAna se sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI aneka rogoM se baca sakatA hai; kyoMki adhikAMza roga sUrya aura candramA ke vizeSa prabhAvoM se utpanna hote haiN| 'phAyaleriyA' roga candramA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI ekAdazI aura amAvAsyA ko bar3hatA hai| kahanA na hogA ki jyotiSazAstra 1. bhAratIya jyautiSa' : DaoN. nemicandra zastrI : saMskaraNa Adi pUrvavat, pR. 29 1. dra. (ka) 'carakasaMhitA', sUtrasthAna, khuDDAkacatuSpAda adhyAya; (kha) suzrutasaMhitA, sUtrasthAna, unatIsavA~ viparItAviparItasvapnanidarzanIya adhyAya.tIsavA~ paMcendriyArthavipratipatti adhyAya,ikatIsavA~ chAyAvipratipatti adhyAya, battIsavA~ svabhAvipratipatti adhyAya, taiMtIsavA~ AvaraNIya adhyAya, cauMtIzavA~ yuktasenIya adhyAya, paiMtIsavA~ Aturopakra-maNIya adhyAya Adi; (ga) 'aSTAMgahRdaya',zArIrasthAna, chaThA dUtAdivijJAnIya adhyAya /

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 193 mAnava-jIvana ke pratyakSa aura parokSa sabhI rahasyoM kA vivecana karatA hai, sAtha hI pratIkoM dvArA jIvana ke samasta AvRta pakSoM ko anAvRta karatA hai, jisase manuSya ko ajJAta se jJAta kI ora bar3hane meM adhika suvidhA hotI hai| isalie, yaha kahanA atyukti nahIM ki mAnava kA koI bhI vyAvahArika kArya jyotiSa-jJAna ke vinA sampanna nahIM ho sktaa| Ayurvedokta rogacikitsA, vizeSakara jvaracikitsA aura bAlaroga-cikitsA kA sambandha to pratyakSata: tantrazAstra se hI jur3A huA hai| roganivAraNa ke lie durgAsaptazatI-prokta isa siddha mAntrika zloka kA pATha upayukta mAnA gayA hai : rogAnazeSAnapahaMsi tuSTA ruSTA tu kAmAnsakalAnabhISTAn / tvAmAzritAnAM na vipannarANAM tvAmAzritA hyAzrayatAM prayAnti // (11.29) 'carakasaMhitA' ke racayitA maharSi agniveza ke anusAra, jvara mahezvara ke kopa se utpanna huA hai| isalie, jvara-vinAza ke lie mantrajapa kA bhI vidhAna hai, vizeSatayA mahAdeva kI prasannatA ke nimitta mahAmRtyuMjaya yA mRtyuMjaya mantra kA japa to sarvaprathita hai| bAlaroga-cikitsA Ayurveda ke aSTAMga ke antargata 'kaumArabhRtya' kA viSaya hai / graha se pIr3ita baccoM ke roga-nivAraNa ke lie bhI mantrajapa kA vidhAna hai| nau bAla-grahoM (skanda, skandApasmAra, zakuni, revatI, pUtanA, gandhapUtanA, zItapUtanA, mukhamaNDikA, naigameya yA naigameSa) meM zakuni, revatI, pUtanA Adi vizeSa pIr3AkAraka haiN| suzruta meM to bAlagraha-cikitsA ke lie spaSTa hI tAntrika vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki vaidya pavitra hokara bAlaka ko purAtana ghRta se abhyaMga kare; pavitra sthAna para, bacce ke cAroM ora sarasoM bikhere aura tela kA diyA jlaaye| rogAta bacce ke pAsa sadA agni meM elAdigaNa meM paThita oSadhiyoM (ilAyacI, taja, dAlacInI, nAgakesara, tagara, kaMkuma Adi) ke sAtha tila, gehU~, ur3ada Adi meM sugandha dravya (candana, rAla Adi) milAkara havana kare / bAlaka ko gandha aura mAlA se alaMkRta kare tathA agni meM kRttikA ke lie 'svAhA-svAhA' ke uccAraNa ke sAtha AhutiyA~ pradAna kre| bAlagraha ke nivAraNa ke lie maharSi suzruta ne mantra kA vidhAna kiyA hai| mantra isa prakAra hai: namaH skandAya devAya grahAdhipataye namaH / zirasA tvAmabhivande'haM pratigRNISva me balim // nIrUjo nirvikAraca zizumeM jAyatAM drutam / bhUtAbhiSaMga-janya jvara ke nAza tathA zIghra prasava ke upAya ke lie devapUjana aura mantra kA viniyoga kiyA gayA hai| isase Ayurveda kA tantrazAstra se spaSTa sambandha suvidita hai| 1. mahAmRtyuMjaya (zaivatantrokta) matra isa prakAra hai : OM tryambakaM yajAmahe sugandhiM pussttivrdhnm| urvArukmiva bandhanAnmRtyormukSIya mAmRtAt / / 2. suzrutasaMhitA, uttaratantra, navagrahAkRtivijJAnIya nAmaka saiMtIsavA~ adhyAya, zlo. 21 /

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194 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA Ayurveda kI utpatti vaidika kAla se hI mAnI jAtI hai| paurANika anuzruti ke anusAra, samudra-manthana ke samaya Ayurveda ke, rugjAla se jIrNa janatA dvArA prazaMsita, Adideva dhanvantari pIyUSapUrNa kalaza liye prakaTa hue the| dhanvantari ke lie namaskAra-mantra isa prakAra hai : AvirbabhUva kalazaM dadhadarNavAdya: pIyUSapUrNamamRtatvakRte surANAm / rugjAlajIrNajanatAjanitaprazaMso dhanvantariH sa bhagavAn bhavikAya bhUyAt // zarIra, indriyA~, mana aura cetana AtmA, ina cAroM ke saMyoga, arthAt jIvana ko hI Ayu kahate haiM aura Ayu-sambandhI samasta jJAna ko Ayurveda / Ayu hI zarIra kA dhAraNa karatI hai| isalie AyuHkAmanA hI Ayurveda kA mUla lakSya hai| bhAvamizra ne 'bhAvaprakAza' ke mukhabandha meM Ayurveda kI nirukti batalAte hue kahA hai : anena puruSo yasmAdAyurvindati vetti ca / tasmAnmunivaraireSa Ayurveda iti smRtaH / / arthAt, AyurvedajJa vyakti svayaM Ayu ko to prApta karatA hI hai, Ayu ke viSaya meM bhI jAnakArI prApta kara letA hai| isake atirikta, bhAvamizra ne paramparAgata Ayurveda kA lakSaNa nirUpita karate hue kahA hai : Ayurveda vaha zAstra hai, jisameM Ayu, hita aura ahita (pathyApathya), roga kA nidAna tathA usake zamana kA upAya nirdiSTa rahatA hai| zloka isa prakAra hai : AyurhitAhitaM vyAdhernidAnaM zamanaM tathA / vidyate yatra vidvadbhiH sa Ayurveda ucyate // Ayurveda atharvaveda kI eka zAkhA kahI jAtI hai| paurANika kathA ke anusAra, jagatsraSTA brahmA ne prajApati dakSa ko Ayurveda kI praNAlI kA jJAna diyaa| dakSa ne donoM azvinIkumAroM ko isa kalA evaM vijJAna meM pAraMgata kiyA aura ina donoM se indra ne jJAna prApta kiyaa| indra ne yaha jJAna bhAradvAja ko diyA aura inake Atreya, caraka, suzruta Adi aneka ziSyoM ne Ayurveda ke jJAna kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| jisa vaidya ne caraka, suzruta, vAgbhaTa Adi granthoM kA adhyayana nahIM kiyA hai, vaha yamakiMkara kahA jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM ukti prasiddha hai : suzruto na zruto yena vAgbhaTe na ca vAgbhaTaH / carako nAlokito yena sa vaidyo yamakiMkaraH // 'vasudevahiNDI' ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNI ne apane pUrvavattI AyurvedAcAryoM-caraka, suzruta, vAgbhaTa evaM jainAgama ke etadviSayaka sandarbho kA vidhivat avalokana kiyA thaa| jainAgamoM meM 'uttarAdhyayana' tathA 'sthAnAMga' meM Ayurveda kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai| 'sthAnAMga' meM Ayurveda ke aSTAMga kA varNana isa prakAra hai : "aTThavidhe Auvede paNNatte, taM jahA--kumArabhicce, kAyatigicchA, sAlAI, sallahattA, jaMgolI, bhUtavejjA, khArataMte, rasAyaNe (8.26) / " arthAt, kumArabhRtyaH 1. bAlakoM kA cikitsAzAstra, 2. kAyacikitsA : jvara Adi rogoM kA cikitsAzAstra, 3. zAlAkya : kAna, muMha, nAka Adi ke rogoM kI zalyacikitsA kA zAstra, 4. zalyahatyA : zalyacikitsA kA zAstra, 1. kozakAra ApTe ne Ayurveda ko Rgveda kA upaveda kahA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 195 5. jaMgolI, agadatantra : viSacikitsA kA zAstra, 6. bhUtavidyA : deva, asura, gandharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, pizAca Adi se grasta vyaktiyoM kI cikitsA kA zAstra, 7. kSAratantra : vAjIkaraNatantra : vIryapuSTi kA zAstra aura 8. rasAyana : pArada Adi dhAtuoM dvArA kI jAnevAlI cikitsA kA zAstra / caraka, suzruta Adi meM isI cikitsAzAstra ke vikAsa ke rUpa meM aSTAMga Ayurveda kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| pracalita aSTAMga Ayurveda isa prakAra hai : zalya, zAlAkya, kAyacikitsA, bhUtavidyA, kaumArabhRtya, agadatantra, rasAyanatantra aura vAjIkaraNa / _ 'sthAnAMga' meM vyAdhicikitsA ke cAra padoM kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : "cauvihe vAhI paNNatte, taM jahA-vAtie, pittie, siMbhie, snnnnivaatie|" (4.515) / arthAt, vyAdhi cAra prakAra kI hotI hai : 1. vAtika : vAyuvikAra se honevAlI, 2. paittika : pittavikAra se honevAlI, 3. zlaiSmika : kaphavikAra se honevAlI aura 4. sAnipAtika : tInoM ke mizraNa (satripAta) se honevaalii| isake atirikta, 'sthAnAMga' meM cikitsA ke aMga, cikitsakoM ke prakAra Adi kI bhI carcA huI hai (4.516-517) / 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' meM bhI vidyA aura mantra ke dvArA cikitsA karanevAle mantra aura oSadhiyoM ke vizArada zAstrakuzala prANAcAryoM kI carcA AI hai| sAtha hI, catuSpAda-cikitsA (vaidya, rogI, oSadhi aura paricAraka) kA bhI ullekha huA hai (20.22-23) / isa prakAra, yaha sunizcita hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ke samaya meM evaM unake pUrva bhI Ayurveda-vidyA kA pUrNatama vikAsa ho cukA thaa| kahanA na hogA ki isa kAlajayI kathAkAra ne prAcIna kAla ke unnata aura vistArazIla Ayurveda-vidyA ke vibhinna tattvoM kA svAnukUla kathA ke prasaMga meM jamakara upayoga kiyA hai| kula milAkara, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM itane adhika Ayurvedika tattvoM kA viniveza kiyA hai ki yaha prasaMga eka svatantra zodha kA viSaya ho gayA hai| yahA~ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApta Ayurveda ke katipaya prasaMga upanyasta kiye jA rahe haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke etadviSayaka yathAprastuta parimita mUlyAMkana ke pAThakoM ko sthAlIpulAkanyAya se yaha spaSTa ho jAyagA ki saMghadAsagaNI eka mahAn kathAkAra hI nahIM the, apitu vaha bhAratIya cikitsAzAstra ke bhI marmajJa the| kyoMki, vaha yaha mAnate the ki dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kI siddhi svastha zarIra aura dIrgha Ayu se hI sambhava hai, isalie dIrgha Ayu aura svAsthya ke abhilASiyoM ko Ayurveda kA jJAna aura usake upadezoM kA pAlana avazya karanA cAhie / isIlie, cikitsAzAstrajJa kathAkAra ne kahA hai ki 'bahukuTumbI' loga svAsthya kI bAtoM para vizeSa dhyAna dete haiM (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 134) / AyurvedazAstra meM cikitsA-prakriyA kI sAMgatA ke lie mukhyata: tIna AyAmoM kA upadeza kiyA gayA hai| prathama to roga kA nidAna hai; dvitIya hai usakI cikitsA aura cikitsA ke krama meM prayukta honevAlI vibhinna davAoM ke nirmANa meM vyavahRta oSadhiyoM (jar3I-bUTiyoM) ke abhijJAna tathA unake rasa, guNa, vIrya, vipAka Adi kA parijJAna tIsarA AyAma hai| ye tInoM AyAma paraspara sambaddha hote hue bhI apanA svatantra astitva rakhate haiN| isalie, Ayurvedika cikitsA-paddhati meM vahI vaidya adhika saphala ho sakatA hai, jo rogoM kI samIcIna pahacAna ke sAtha hI jar3I-bUTiyoM ke sambandha meM pUrNa parijJAna rakhatA hai| jar3I-bUTiyoM ke pUrNa parijJAna ke vinA uttama oSadhi kA nirmANa sambhava nahIM hai aura uttama oSadhi ke abhAva meM cikitsA-kArya meM saphalatA asambhava hI hai| roga kA

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196 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA sahI nidAna aura tadanukUla oSadhi kA prayoga evaM oSadhi ke nirmANa kA jJAna hI Ayurvedika cikitsA-paddhati kI apanI vizeSatA hai, jo use elopaithI se viziSTatara banAtI hai / Ayurveda meM, roga ke nidAna ke lie mAdhavAcArya-praNIta 'mAdhavanidAna' sarvazreSTha mAnA jAtA hai aura dravyoM (jar3I-bUTiyoM) ke rasa-guNa-vIrya-vipAka Adi ke atirikta unakI utpatti, nAma, lakSaNa, prayoga vidhi kA vaividhya, guNa, sevana ke yogyAyogya pAtra evaM manuSya kI sRSTi aura usakI zArIrika saMracanA (zarIra-saMsthAna) Adi aneka tathyoM kI jAnakArI ke lie bhAvamizra- kRta 'bhAvaprakAza' kA pUrvakhaNDa' ekamAtra AdhikArika grantha hai, hAlA~ki bhAvamizra kA yaha mUlyavAn prakaraNa 'carakasaMhitA' aura 'suzrutasaMhitA' para AdhRta hai| cikitsA - vidhi kI dRSTi se caraka, suzruta aura vAgbhaTa kA ullekhanIya sthAna to hai hI, tatparavartI 'bhAvaprakAza' ke uttarakhaNDa meM pUrvaparamparAgata rogacikitsA kI tato'dhika vizada aura vikasita praNAlI kA samyagdarzana hotA hai| isake atirikta, kASThauSadhiyoM (jar3I-bUTiyoM) se bananevAlI davAoM ke nuskhe ke khayAla se 'zAMrgadharasaMhitA' aura 'bhaiSajyaratnAvalI' ye donoM pAryantika kRtiyA~ mAnI jAtI haiM phira rasa-rasAyana ke nirmANa kI dRSTi se 'rasendrasArasaMgraha', 'rasataraMgiNI', 'rasaratnasamuccaya', 'rasArNava' Adi grantha pAMkteya haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yathopanyasta Ayurvedika cikitsAdhikAra ke ukta tInoM AyAmoM kA viniveza huA hai| cikitsA-karma meM Ayu kI parIkSA sarvopari hotI hai| isalie, 'suzrutasaMhitA' meM vaidyoM ko Adeza diyA gayA hai ki ve prayatnapUrvaka rogI kI Ayu kI parIkSA kreN| rogI ke dIrghAyu hone para hI cikitsA saphala hotI hai| isalie, cikitsA-karma meM Ayu kI parIkSA kI parokSa carcA saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI kI hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke tRtIya gandharvadattAlambha meM ullekha hai ki vasudeva jaba cArudatta kI saMgIta-sabhA meM pahu~ce, taba unhoMne sabhA kI bhitti para aMkita hastiyugala ko alpAyu btaayaa| taba seTha ne unase pUchA : "kyA citrakarma meM bhI Ayu kI parIkSA hotI hai ?" (sAmI ! kiM cittakamme vi AuparikkhA asthi pR. 128 ) ? yahA~ 'api' zabda ke prayoga se yaha vyaMjita hotA hai ki cikitsAzAstra meM Ayu kI parIkSA to hai hI, citrakarma meM bhI Ayu kI parIkSA hai, yahI seTha cArudatta ke vismaya kA kAraNa hai / rogI ke dIrghAyu hone ke aneka prakAra ke lakSaNa Ayurveda-granthoM meM kahe gaye haiN| 'bhAvaprakAza' meM ullekha hai ki jo rogI svAda aura gandha ko jAnatA hai, vaha dIrghAyu hotA hai| svAda aura gandha jAnane ke kAraNa hI amitagati vidyAdhara ne apane kapar3e aura vastra meM gandha (i) kA prayoga kiyA thA aura usI AdhAra para cArudatta seTha ke sAthI gomukha ne vidyAdhara ke keza aura vastroM sU~ghakara usake dIrghAyu hone kI kalpanA kI thI (ime kesavatthatyAiNo gaMdhA dIhAuNo samuppaNNassa pR. 138) / bhojana- prakaraNa : Ayurveda meM dinacaryA kA bar3A mahattva hai| dinacaryA meM bhI bhojanavidhi sarvapramukha hai| isIlie, 'aSTAMgahRdaya' (vAMgbhaTa) aura 'bhAvaprakAza' meM bhojanavidhi para vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tadanusAra, 1. " AturamupakramamANena bhiSajA''yurAdAveva parIkSitavyam / " - sUtra, 35 13 /

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197 vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ saMghadAsagaNI ne kathAprasaMgavaza bhojana-vidhi ko vizeSa mUlya diyA hai aura batAyA hai ki pAkazAstra cikitsAzAstra ke adhIna hai| dasaveM puNDrAlambha kI kathA meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki vINAdatta nanda aura sunanda nAma ke do rasoiyoM ko le aayaa| ina donoM ke pitA rAjA suSeNa ke rasoiyA raha cuke the| inhoMne vasudeva ke lie jo bhojana taiyAra kiyA thA, vaha AyurvedazAstra ke anukUla sundara varNa, rasa aura gandha se sampanna; hita, mita aura pathya thaa| ye donoM rasoiye pAkazAstrI to the hI, cikitsAzAstrI bhI the / vasudeva ko unhoMne apane paricaya ke krama meM batAyA thA ki cUMki pAkazAstra cikitsAzAstra ke adhIna hai ("tigicchAyattaM sUyaM ti"; pR. 211), isalie, unhoMne pAkazAstra sIkhane ke silasile meM cikitsAzAstra bhI siikhaa| vAgbhaTa ne bhI bhojana kI vyavasthA meM hita, mita aura pathya AhAra kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai : kAle sAtmyaM zuci hitaM snigdhoSNaM laghu tanmanA: / SaDrasaM madhuraprAyaM nAtidrutavilambitam // __ (aSTAMgahRdaya : sUtrasthAna : 8.35) saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita Ayurveda ke mUla siddhAnta prAcIna AyurvedazAstra kA anusaraNa to karate haiM, lekina usake upasthApana meM Ayurveda ke siddhAntakAra kI apekSA adhikAMzataH unakA kathAkAra kA rUpa hI ubharakara sAmane AtA hai / jaise, unhoMne Ayurveda ke bhojanaviSayaka sarvasammata do siddhAnta-sUtroM ko upasthita kiyA hai : samaya para bhojana Arogyavarddhaka hotA hai aura mana yA citta ke asvastha rahane para bhojana meM aruci ho jAtI hai ("kAle bhuttaM AroggaM karei"; "vakkhittamatissa na royae bhoyaNaM"; pR. 213); kintu isa viSaya ko ratyAtmaka aura romAMsapradhAna pariveza meM, bhUtacikitsaka ke hAthoM sauMpa dene se usakA manoraMjaka kathAtattva hI pradhAna ho gayA hai aura Ayurveda kA siddhAnta gauNa par3a gayA hai| vasudeva kI svIyokti meM hI isa sandarbha ko dekheM : "utsava samApta hote hI maiM bImAra par3a gyaa| nanda-sunanda rasoiye ne bhojana taiyAra kiyA aura unake hara taraha se Agraha karane para bhI mujhe bhojana lene kI icchA nahIM huI / aMzumAnne pUchA: "Apako kyA zArIrika pIr3A ho rahI hai? Apa bhojana nahIM karanA cAhate haiM, to pathya Apake lie le AyA huuN|" maiMne kahA : 'jina-jAgarotsava meM jisa (puruSavezadhArI) strI ke sAtha maiM saMgIta prastuta kara rahA thA, merA hRdaya usI ke sAtha calA gyaa| usake sAtha samAgama kI AturatA kI manaHsthiti ke kAraNa mujhe bhojana meM ruci nahIM raha gaI hai|" _____ merI yaha bAta sunakara aMzumAn bolA : "AryajyeSTha ! vaha to rAjA hai (strI nahIM), aura Apa dUsare ke vaza meM hokara kaisI ayukta bAta karate haiM ? lagatA hai, kisI bhUta se Apa AviSTa ho gaye haiN|" yaha kahakara vaha bAhara nikala gyaa| phira thor3I hI dera meM apane sAtha katipaya bhUtacikitsakoM ko lekara AyA aura rote hue usane unase kahA ki 'AryajyeSTha ke zarIra meM kisI prakAra kI pIr3A na ho, aisI dayApUrNa cikitsA kA upAya Apa soceM / ' bhUtacikitsakoM ne aMzumAn se kahA : "rAjaputra ! akAraNa Apa duHkhI mata hoM / hama jo homa, aMjana, pAna Adi kI kriyA kareMge, use Apake AryajyeSTha vahA~ rahakara bhI, nahIM dekha skeNge|" maiMne aMzumAn aura bhUtacikitsakoM ke bIca calanevAlI yaha bAtacIta sunI, to aMzumAn ko DA~TA,

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198 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA dhamakAyA aura DarAyA bhii| taba aMzumAn ne mere asvastha hone kI sUcanA rAjA ko dii| rAjA turanta mere pAsa phuNcaa| pratihArI ne rAjA ke Ane kI sUcanA dii| rAjA (puruSa-veza meM strI) mere bichAvana ke nikaTa hI apane Asana para baitthaa| usane apane kamala-komala parama sukumAra hAthoM se mere sira, lalATa aura vakSaHsthala kA sparza kiyA aura phira vaha bolA : "zarIra garama to nahIM hai| nirdoSa bhojana le sakate haiN| yaha kahakara rAjA ne nanda-sunanda ko Adeza diyA : 'bhojana le Ao, samaya para kiyA gayA bhojana ArogyadAyaka hotA hai'|" . isa kathAMza meM Ayurveda kA eka aura siddhAntasUtra nihita hai : "jvarI vyakti kA zarIra garama na rahe, to vaha nirdoSa bhojana le sakatA hai" ("Na mhe umhA sarIrassa, nihosa bhottavvaM bhoyaNaM ti"; pR. 213) / 'suzrutasaMhitA' meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jvarI vyakti ko, jvaravega ke zAnta hone para atizaya laghu bhojana mAtrAnusAra denA cAhie, anyathA vaha jvaravega ko bar3hA detA hai : sarvajvareSu sulaghu mAtrAvadbhojanaM hitam / vegApAye'nyathA taddhi jvaravegAbhivarddhanam / / (uttaratantra : 39.145-146) kintu isa kathA-prasaMga se yaha bAta bhI spaSTa hotI hai ki caraka aura suzruta ke samaya meM yathAprathita bhUtacikitsA kI vidhi kA saMghadAsagaNI ke samaya meM, zikSita-samudAya ke bIca avamUlyana ho cukA thA, tabhI to vasudeva ne bhUtacikitsakoM se bAtacIta karate hue aMzumAn ko na kevala DA~TA, apitu DarAyA aura dhamakAyA bhii| yadyapi, rAjakula meM bhUtacikitsA kI prathA sAgraha pracalita thii| ketumatIlambha meM kathA hai ki vasantapura ke rAjA jitazatru kI patnI indrasenA, jo magadharAja jarAsandha kI putrI thI, jaba zUrasena nAmaka parivrAjaka ke vazIkaraNa meM par3a gaI, taba rAjA ne usa parivrAjaka kA vadha karavA diyaa| rAnI parivrAjaka ke viyoga meM Akula rahane lagI aura usI sthiti meM pizAca se AviSTa ho gii| bhUtAbhiSaMga ke vizeSajJa cikitsaka bandhana, rundhana, yajJa, dhUnI dvArA avapIDana, oSadhi-pAna Adi kriyAoM se bhI prakRtistha nahIM kara sake / anta meM, jarAsandha ke kahane para jitazatru ne rAnI indrasenA ko Azrama meM rakhavA diyA, jahA~ vaha vasudeva dvArA kI gaI cikitsA se pizAcamukta ho gaI (pR. 348-349) / isa kathA-prasaMga se yaha spaSTa saMketa milatA hai ki jo vasudeva apane prati bhUta-cikitsA ke lie aMzumAn dvArA kiye gaye Ayojana para use DA~Tate, DarAte aura dhamakAte haiM, vahI vaha svayaM bhUtavidyA ke na kevala vizeSajJa haiM, apitu pizAcAviSTa rAnI ko apanI cikitsA se prakRtistha bhI kara dete haiN| kintu vasudeva ke carita meM do virodhI AyAmoM ke vinyAsa kA gUDhArtha, pUre kathA-prasaMga ko dekhane se, spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vasudeva bhUtavidyA ke jJAtA hote hue bhI use jaldI prayoga meM nahIM lAnA cAhate the aura vaha svayaM vastutaH bhUtAviSTa to hue nahIM the, apitu kAmadazA kI sthiti-vizeSa (arati) meM pahu~ce hue the, isIlie unhoMne galata nidAna karanevAle aMzumAn ko DA~TA aura ddraayaa-dhmkaayaa| aura phira, unhoMne jo bhUtacikitsA kI, vaha unakI sadAcAramUlaka vivazatA thii| Azrama meM tApasoM ne rAnI indrasenA ke kaSTa ko dekhakara unase Agraha kiyA thA : "Apa to bar3e 1. 'mAdhavanidAna ke anusAra, bhUtabhiSaMgajvara se bI manuSya AkrAnta hote haiN| hAsya, rodana, kampana Adi isake lakSaNa haiN| aMgarejI meM ise 'phIvara oNpha ivila spriTsa' kahate haiN|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 199 prabhAvazAlI dikhAI par3ate haiM, yadi Apake pAsa koI zakti- vizeSa ho, to ise (rAnI ko) pizAca se mukta karAie, tAki vaha becArI punaH sukhamaya jIvana prApta kare aura isa prakAra Apa RSiyoM aura rAjA ke bhI priyakArI hoN|" spaSTa hai ki yahA~ vasudeva kA vyaktitva eka mahAtAntrika cikitsaka ke rUpa meM ubharatA hai / Aja bhI 'AtmArAma' koTi ke bar3e-bar3e tAntrika vartamAna haiM, jo tantravidyA yA bhUtavidyA ke pAraMgata hote hue bhI use vyavahAra-jagat meM prakaTa nahIM krte| aise Adhunika mahAn tAntrikoM meM puNyazloka mahAmahopAdhyAya paM. gopInAtha kavirAja kA nAma sAdara ullekhanIya hai / bhAratIya tAntrika sAdhanA meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki tantravidyA ke siddha ho jAne para vaha mAtRsvarUpA vidyA ananta prakAra aizvarya evaM vividha vibhUtiyA~ vyaSTigata AtmasvarUpa ko dene ke lie taiyAra ho jAtI hai, kintu ina aizvaryoM kI kAmanA karane evaM inako svIkAra kara lene para mahAyogI yA mahAtAntrika samaSTi-rUpa meM jIvoM ke sAtha sambandha rakhakara unake samaSTi-prema ko nahIM pA sakatA / ataeva, isI mahAbhAvadazA kI sthiti meM vasudeva aizvaryoM kA tyAga karake jagatkalyANa ke lie akhaNDa mahAyoga-sAdhanA meM pravRtta hue the| isase vasudeva dvArA Atmajagat yA saiddhAntika jagat meM bhUtavidyA kA adhikAdhika mUlyana aura parajagat yA vyavahAra - jagat meM usakA tato'dhika avamUlyana spaSTatayA sUcita hotA hai / astu saMghadAsagaNI ne bhojana ke hI prasaMga meM zAstropadiSTa bhojana ke vividha prakAroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| AyurvedazAstra meM bhojana ke chaha prakAra nirdiSTa haiM : bhakSya, bhojya, carvya, coSya yA cUSya, lehya aura peya / pUr3I, laDDU, miThAI Adi bhakSya haiM; bhAta, dAla Adi bhojya kahe gaye haiM; cUr3A, canA Adi carvya haiM, to Ikha, dADima Adi cUSya; punaH pAnaka, zarkarodaka Adi peya haiM, to rasAlA (sikharana), caTanI, khaTamiTThI Adi lehya mAne gaye haiN| raktavatIlambha (pR. 218) kI kathA meM ullekha . hai ki vasudeva jaba lazunikA ke AzrayadAtA vyApArI ke ghara para gaye, taba vahA~ unheM SaDvidha bhojana sammAnita kiyA gayA / bhojana sone aura cA~dI ke baratanoM meM parosA gayA thaa| Ayurvedika dRSTi se sone ke baratana meM bhojana doSanAzaka pathya aura dRSTivarddhaka mAnA gayA hai aura cA~dI ke baratana meM bhojana netrahitakAraka evaM pitta-kapha-vAta- nAzaka kahA gayA hai| vasudeva ke lie yathAnirdiSTa sakuzala upAyoM se siddha kI gaI bhojana-sAmagrI parosI gaI thI : jaise siMhakesara miThAI, mU~ga ur3ada ke laDDU Adi bhakSya; mulAyama svaccha kalama cAvala kA bhAta (Adi bhojya); rAjAoM ke lie . AsvAdya lehya padArtha; jihvA ko prasanna karanevAle, vividha vastuoM se taiyAra kiye gaye peya Adi / isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya ke pAkazAstrI cikitsAzAstra ke anukUla hI bhojana taiyAra karate the / kalama cAvala kA bhojana pathya aura supariNAmI mAnA jAtA thA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 180 ) / isI prasaMga meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki ghI Adi cikane padArthoM se bane bhojana kI cikanaI dUra karane ke lie hAtha aura mu~ha ko ur3ada ke cUrNa se dhoyA jAtA thA aura bhojana ke bAda mu~ha kI zuddhi (mukhazuddhi) ke lie phala khAne kA vidhAna thA / mukhasugandhi ke lie tAmbUla grahaNa 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'pariSad-patrikA' : ma. ma. paM. gopInAtha kavirAja -smRtitIrtha, varSa 18, aMka 2, julAI, 1978 I, pR. 59 / 2. draSTavya : bhAvaprakAza, dinacaryAdiprakaraNa, zloka 124 /

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200 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA karane kI bhI prathA thii| pAkazAstrI dvArA taiyAra kiye gaye bhojana kA varNana svayaM vasudeva karate haiM: 'bhojana taiyAra ho gayA hai', isa prakAra kahate hue pAkazAstrI upasthita hue| taba dhAI ne kanyA se kahA : "beTI ! tuma bhI jaldI nahA lo| aba bhojana karane ke bAda kumAra ko dekhogii|" dhAI kI bAta mAnakara prabhAvatI calI gii| maiM bhI sonA, ratna aura maNi ke pAtroM meM lAI gaI bhojana-sAmagrI kA Ananda (AsvAda) lene lgaa| bhojana catura citrakAra ke citrakarma kI bhA~ti manohara thA, saMgItazAstra ke anukUla gAye gaye gIta ke samAna usameM vividha varNa the, bahuzruta kavi dvArA racita "prakaraNa' ke samAna usameM aneka rasa the, priyajana kI sammukha-dRSTi kI bhA~ti vaha snigdha thA, sarvoSadhi ke samAna tathA milAkara taiyAra kiye gaye sugandha dravya ke samAna vaha sugandhapUrNa thA, sAtha hI jinendra ke vacana ke samAna hitakArI bhI thaa| khAne ke bAda jaba maiM zAnta huA, taba maiMne tAmbUla grahaNa kiyA (prabhAvatIlambha : pR. 352) / " ___ bhojana ke bAda tAmbUla-grahaNa kA upadeza 'bhAvaprakAza' meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| ratikAla meM, sokara uThane para, snAna aura bhojana ke bAda, vamana karane ke bAda, yuddha evaM rAjAoM aura vidvAnoM kI sabhA meM tAmbUla-carvaNa kA Adeza bhAvamizra ne kiyA hai| tAmbUla ko 'surapUjita' aura 'svargadurlabha' kahA gayA hai| isake aneka guNa aura grahaNa kI vidhiyA~ Ayurveda meM varNita haiN|' 'bhAvaprakAza nighaNTu' meM tAmbUla kA guNavAcaka eka manorama zloka hai : tAmbUlaM kaTutiktamuSNamadhuraM kSAraM kaSAyAnvitaM vAtaghnaM kaphanAzanaM kRmiharaM daurgandhyadoSApaham strIsambhASaNabhUSaNaM dhRtikaraM kAmAgnisandIpanaM tAmbUlasya sakhe trayodaza guNA: svarge'pyamI durlabhAH // satyanArAyaNa-pUjA ke samaya tAmbUla-arpaNa kA jo mantra hai, usameM use 'surapUjita' kahA gayA hai: lavaGgakarpUrayutaM tAmbUlaM surapUjitam / prItyA gRhANa deveza mama saukhyaM vivarddhaya // kahanA na hogA ki na kevala bhAratIya cikitsAzAstra meM, apitu sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti meM, tAmbUla bhojanottara mukhasugandhi kA hI nahIM, apitu zreSThatara sammAna kA bhI pratIka hai| kannauja-nareza se unakI rAjasabhA meM pAna ke do bIr3e evaM baiThane ke Asana prApta karanA bar3e sammAna kI bAta mAnI jAtI thI :tAmbUladvayamAsanaM ca labhate yaH kaanykubjeshvraat|' garbhaprakaraNa : cikitsAzAstra meM zarIrI hI adhikRta hai, isalie zarIrI kI utpatti ke parijJAna ke nimitta Ayurveda meM 'garbhaprakaraNa' nAma se svatantra adhyAya kI hI sRSTi kI gaI hai| maharSi agniveza-praNIta 'carakasaMhitA' tathA vAgbhaTa-kRta 'aSTAMgahRdaya' ke zArIrasthAna meM isa sandarbha ko 'garbhAvakrAnti' 1. bhAvaprakAza, zloka 180-181 evaM 189-196 /

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 201 nAmaka adhyAya meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai aura bhAvamizra ne 'bhAvaprakAza' meM ise 'garbhaprakaraNa' aura 'bAlaprakaraNa' ke antargata rakhA hai| 'bhAvaprakAza' cU~ki paravartIkAlIna Ayurveda-grantha hai, isalie prAcIna granthoM ke AdhAra para nirmita hote hue bhI isameM tadviSayaka samasAmayika vijJAna ke vikAsa kA bhI lekhA-jokhA samAhata hai| garbha kI utpatti-bhUmi rajasvalA strI hotI hai aura kAmapUrvaka mithunoM kA saMyoga hone para strI ke garbhAzaya meM zuddha zoNita aura zukra ke mela se garbha kA upakrama hotA hai aura vaha jaba utpanna hotA hai, taba bAlaka kahalAtA hai| jainoM ke dvAdaza aMgoM meM tRtIya sthAnAMga' ('ThANaM) ke pA~caveM sthAna ke sUtra 103-106 meM 'gabdhadharaNapadaM' zIrSaka se garbhadhAraNa ke sambandha meM bar3I vizadatA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 'sthAnAMga' ke ukta sandarbha meM batAyA gayA hai ki puruSa ke sahavAsa ke vinA bhI strI garbha dhAraNa kara sakatI hai| isake pA~ca kAraNa haiM : 1. puruSa-vIrya se saMsRSTa sthAna ko guhya pradeza se AkrAnta kara baiThI huI strI ke yonideza meM zukrapudgaloM kA AkarSaNa hone para; 2. zukra-pudgaloM se saMsRSTa vastra ke yonideza meM anupraviSTa ho jAne para; 3. putrArthinI hokara svayaM apane hI hAthoM se zukra-pudgaloM ko yonideza meM anupraviSTa kara dene para; 4. dUsaroM ke dvArA zukra-pudgaloM ke yonideza meM anupraviSTa kiye jAne para aura 5. nadI, tAlAba Adi meM snAna karatI huI strI ke yonideza meM zukrapudgaloM ke anupraviSTa ho jAne para / ukta pA~ca kAraNoM meM dvitIya kAraNa se- zukrapudgaloM se saMsRSTa vastra ke yonideza meM anupraviSTa ho jAne para garbha kI utpatti kI eka kathA 'vasudevahiNDI' ke priyaMgusundarIlambha (pR. 298) meM AI hai| eka bAra rAjA cArucandra apanI rAnI kAmapatAkA ke sAtha campAnagarI ke eka udyAna meM ThaharA thaa| rAnI ke sainikoM ne phala-phUla ke nimitta pUre udyAna ko lUTa liyA aura use dhvasta kara diyaa| isase udyAnapati caNDakauzika ne ruSTa hokara rAjA ko zApa de diyA : "durAcArI ! cUMki tumane mere udyAna ko lUTa liyA aura use dhvasta kara diyA, isalie maithuna-samprApti ke samaya tumhAre mAthe ke sau Tukar3e ho jAyeMge, jisase tumhArI mRtyu ho jaaygii|" yaha sunakara rAjA ko bhaya ho AyA aura vaha udyAna se nikalakara nandanavana calA gyaa| vahA~ rAjya kA parityAga karake usane tapasvI kI rIti se pravrajyA le lI aura rAnI evaM maMjulA dhAI ke sAtha rahakara vaha tapazcaryA karane lgaa| ___ eka bAra kisI dina praharSita rAjA ke valkala-vastra meM zukrapudgala (zukrakITa) A gyaa| devI kAmapatAkA ne usI valkalavastra ko pahana liyaa| phalataH, ve zukrapudgala rAnI kI yoni meM praveza kara gye| rAnI ne yathAsamaya putrI prasava kii| usakA nAma RSidattA rakhA gyaa| isa prasaMga se spaSTa hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI kathA-kalpanA ke sandarbha meM 'sthAnAMga' ko pramukha rUpa se apanA AdhArAdarza banAyA hai| Ayurveda eka ora yadi jyotiSa aura tantravidyA se jur3A huA hai, to dUsarI ora, garbhAvataraNa ke prasaMga meM, vaha darzana (sAMkhyadarzana)-zAstra kA bhI anugamana karatA hai, jaba vaha yaha kahatA hai ki sUryakiraNa aura sUryakAnta maNi ke saMyoga se jisa prakAra Aga paidA hotI hai, usI prakAra zukra aura raja ke saMyoga se jIva utpanna hotA hai| vaha anAdi ananta AtmA jIva rUpa meM kaise utpanna

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202 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA hotI hai, yaha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| isa cidAnandaikarUpa jIva ko mana se bhI nahIM jAnA jA sakatA hai| bhAvamizra ne kahA hai: AtmA'nAdiranantazcAvyakto vaktuM na zakyate / cidAnandaikarUpo'yaM manasA'pi na gamyate // (bhAvaprakAza: garbhaprakaraNa: zlo. 35) isa sandarbha meM maharSi suzruta kahate haiM ki strI aura puruSa ke saMyoga ke samaya vAyu zarIra se teja ko utpanna karatI hai| yaha teja vAyu ke sAtha milakara zukra ko kSarita karatA hai / kSarita zukra yoni meM pahu~cakara Arttava ke sAtha mila jAtA hai| isake bAda agnISomAtmaka sambandha se banA garbha garbhAzaya meM pahu~catA hai| isake sAtha meM kSetrajJa, vedayitA, spraSTA, ghrAtA, draSTA, zrotA, rasayitA puruSa sraSTA, gantA, sAkSI, dhAtA, vaktA ityAdi paryAyavAcaka zabdoM se vAcya akSaya, acintya, bhUtAtmA avyaya - rUpa AtmA sUkSma indriyoM yA liMgazarIra ke sAtha, apane karmoM ke anusAra sattva, raja, tama tathA daiva, Asura aura pazu bhAvoM se yukta vAyu se prerita hokara, garbhAzaya meM praviSTa hokara sthiti karatA hai|' 'praznopaniSad' meM prajAkAmI prajApati dvArA sRSTi kI bAta kahI gaI hai : " tasmai sa hovAca prajAkAmo vai prajApatiH sa tapo'tapyata sa tapastaptvA sa mithunamutpAdayate / rayiM ca prANaM cetyetau me bahudhA prajAH kariSyata iti (1.4) / " jisa prakAra RtukAla, kSetra (kheta), ambu (jala) aura bIja ke saMyoga se aMkura utpanna hotA hai, usI prakAra vidhipUrvaka RtukAla, kSetra (garbhAzaya), ambu (annarasa) aura bIja (zukra- zoNita) ke paraspara milane se nizcita rUpa meM garbha rahatA hai (suzruta: zarIrasthAna, zloka 33) / niSkarSa yaha ki zukra sira se nakha taka ke sampUrNa avayavoM kA sAra hai| isameM sampUrNa zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMga ke pratinidhi mile rahate haiM / isa zukra ke sAtha AtmA bhI avataraNa karatI hai| AtmA ke sAtha pUrvajanmakRta karma bhI zarIra meM avatIrNa hotA hai / isIlie pUrvajanma nirantara zAstrAbhyAsa ke kAraNa antaHkaraNa ko pavitra kiye hue loga vartamAna janma meM sattvabahula hote haiM aura ina puruSoM ko apane pUrvajanma kI jAti kA smaraNa rahatA hai / jina karmoM kI preraNA se manuSya yaha zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai tathA pUrvajanma meM jina karmoM kA use abhyAsa rahatA hai, vaha unhIM karmoM aura guNoM ko isa janma meM pAtA hai| suzruta ke isa mata kA samarthana 'zrImadbhagavadgItA'' ke isa zloka se bhI hotA hai : pUrvAbhyAsena tenaiva hiyate hyavazo'pi saH / jijJAsurapi yogasya zabdabrahmAtivarttate // ( 6.44 ) 1. suzrutasaMhitA, zArIrasthAna, 3 / 4 / 1. bhAvitAH pUrvadeheSu satataM zAstrabuddhayaH / bhavanti sattvabhUyiSThAH pUrvajAtismarAnarAH // karmaNaAcoditA yena tadApnoti punarbhave / abhyastAH pUrvadeheye tAneva bhajate guNAn // - suzrutasaMhitA : zArIrasthAna, 2 / 57-58 /

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 203 kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM yA samasta jainakathAoM kI mUla bhAvadhArA kA vistAra pUrvajanma aura jAtismaraNa kI avadhAraNA se huA hai| isalie, garbha meM avatarita honevAle tIrthaMkara yA viziSTa vidyAdhara yA bhUpativizeSa ko pUrvajanma kA smaraNa banA rahatA hai| AyurvedajJoM dvArA garbha meM praviSTa jIvAtmA ke garbhavAsakAla kI avadhi sAmAnyataH nau mahIne kI mAnI jAtI hai / isa avadhi meM jIva sarvAMgasampanna aura saprANa ho jAtA hai / suzruta ne nau mahIne taka garbhavAsakAla mAnA hai| bhAvamizra ne naveM, dasaveM aura vikRti kI sthiti meM gyArahaveM aura bArahaveM mahIne bhI striyoM dvArA garbha ke prasava kI bAta likhI hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke garbhavAsakAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| yoM sAmAnyatayA unhoMne 'samaya pUrNa hone para' yA 'samaya prApta hone para' prasava kI bAta kahI hai / zAntinAthasvAmI ne nau mAsa aura sAr3he sAta rAta-dina bItane para janma liyA thA / (pR. 340 ) / arajina svAmI ne nau mahInA bItane ke bAda dasaveM mahIne ke prArambha meM janma grahaNa kiyA thA (pR. 346) / RSabhasvAmI kI prasavottara upacAra vidhi to eka mithaka kA hI rUpa le liyA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne anukUla santAna (putra) kI prApti ke nimitta, ArAdhanA ke lie naigameSI yA harinaigameSI.' deva kI jo kalpanA kI hai, vaha Ayurvedokta bAlagraha naigameya yA naigameSa se tulanIya hai / satyabhAmA ne pradyumna jaisI varcasvI putra - santati kI prApti ke lie kRSNa se jaba anurodha kiyA, taba kRSNa ne harinaigameSI ( naigameSI) kI ArAdhanA kI thI / deva ne prasanna hokara kRSNa se kahA thA ki jisa devI ke sAtha ApakA pahale samAgama hogA, usI ke pradyumna jaisA putra hogaa| kintu, isameM jAmbavatI ne bAjI mAra lI aura use hI pradyumna ke samAna tejasvI zAmba nAmaka putra prApta huaa| (pIThikA, pR. 97) suzru ne bAlaka kI rakSA ke lie naigameSa deva kI rUpa-racanA aura usakI pUjA-prArthanA kA upadeza kiyA hai aura pUjA-vidhAna meM batayA hai ki bacce ko baragada ke vRkSa ke nIce snAna karAye / baragada ke vRkSa ke nIce SaSThI tithi ko bali nivedita kare aura isa prakAra prArthanA kare: "bakare. ke samAna mukha, caMcala A~kha aura bhauMhoMvAle, kAmarUpa, mahAyazasvI ('mahAyazAH' kI jagaha 'mahAzayAH' pAThAntara kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, tadanusAra mahAn AzayavAle, yAnI atizaya udArahRdaya) bAlakoM ke pitA naigameSa deva bAlaka kI rakSA kreN| " 2 AsannaprasavA ke upacAra kI vidhi meM bhAvamizra ne likhA hai ki AsannaprasavA nArI ko, usake sAre zarIra meM tela cupar3akara garama jala se snAna karA denA cAhie aura phira mAtrAnusAra ghI mizrita kunakunA yavAgU use pilAnA caahie| isI Ayurvedokta mata ke anusAra saMghadAsagaNI ne pippalAda kI utpatti kI kathA (pR. 152 ) ke prasaMga meM likhA hai ki AsannaprasavA sulasA ke prasava kA sama nikaTa jAnakara nandA ghI liye hue vahA~ phuNcii| eka dUsare prasaMga meM saMghadAsagaNI ne yavAgU-pAna 1. harinaigameSI deva ne hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ko garbhAvasthA meM brAhmaNI ke garbha se kSatriyA ke garbha meM antarita kiyA thA, aisI jainazruti hai / 'sthAnAMga ' (10.160) ne ise dasa mahAzcayoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai| 2. ajAnanazcalAkSibhU : kAmarUpI mahAyazAH / bAlaM bAlapitA devo naigameSo'bhirakSatu // uttaratantra, 36.11 3. bhAvaprakAza, garbhaprakaraNa, zlo. 344

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204 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| Ayurveda-granthoM meM cAvala yA jau ke gAr3he mA~r3a ko yA mA~r3a kI kA~jI ko 'yarAgU' kahA gayA hai| suzruta ke anusAra, yavAgU adhika patalA nahIM honA cAhie / ( yavAgUviraladravA; sUtrasthAna, zlo. 345) / yavAgU hRdaya ke lie priya, tRptikAraka aura balavIryavarddhaka hotA hai (tatraiva, zlo. 343) / isIlie, saMghadAsagaNI ne thakAna miTAne ke krama meM yavAgU-pAna kA ullekha kiyA hai / dhanArthI cArudatta bhaTakatA huA jaba tridaNDI ke pAsa pahu~cA hai, taba usake naukara ne cArudatta ko snAna karAkara yavAgU pIne ke lie diyA hai / (pR. 146) / jisa strI ko putra nahIM hotA, use saMghadAsagaNI ne 'uccaprasavA' kahA hai| ise suzruta ke zabdoM meM 'nivRttaprasavA' kahA jA sakatA hai| hAlAMki, paribhASA ke anusAra, donoM do prakAra kI vandhyAe~ haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'uccaprasavA' kA prayoga vizuddha vandhyA ke artha meM hI kiyA hai| cArudatta kI mAtA uccaprasavA, yAnI vandhyA thii| use putra nahIM hotA thaa| anta meM cArumuni ke varadAnakalpa AzIrvAda se use putra cArudatta prApta huaa| kintu suzruta ne 'nivRttaprasavA' usa strI ko kahA hai, jo pUrvasantAna ke bAda lagAtAra chaha varSoM taka putra prasava na kre| chaha varSa ke bAda putra hone para vaha alpAyu hotA hai| vandhyA ke artha meM 'uccaprasavA' zabda saMghadAsagaNI kA svakalpita hai yA caraka, suzruta, vAgbhaTa Adi prAcIna Ayurveda-granthoM se itara kisI prAcIna Ayurveda-saMhitA se liyA gayA hai| cikitsakoM ne ApannasattvA (garbhiNI) ke lie madhuraprAya, snigdha, hRdaya ke lie priya, patalA aura halkA, acchI taraha se taiyAra kiyA gayA evaM agnidIpaka bhojana kA vidhAna kiyA hai| isIlie saMghadAsagaNI ne garbhavatI puNDrA ko cikitsakopadiSTa bhojana ke prati tatpara pradarzita kiyA hai, sAtha hI usake dohada ko sadA 'avimAnita' batAyA hai| 'suzrutasaMhitA' meM kahA gayA hai ki garbhavatI strI indriyoM ke jisa-jisa viSaya kA bhoga karanA cAhatI hai, vaidya ko cAhie ki garbha-hAni ke bhaya se una-una padArthoM ko lAkara garbhiNI ko de| garbhavatI strI kI icchA ke pUrNa hone para guNazAlI putra utpanna hotA hai aura isake viparIta garbha yA garbhavatI meM vikAra A jAtA hai| garbhavatI strI ke jina-jina viSayoM kI pUrti nahIM hotI, garbha ko unhIM-unhIM viSayoM meM pIDA hotI hai, usakI vahI-vahI indriya vikRta ho jAtI hai| garbhavatI kI icchA (dohada) ke anusAra hI tadviSayaka svabhAvavAlI santAna utpanna hotI hai| isIlie, saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI samasta garbhavatI kathApAtriyoM ke lie unake dohada kI pUrti kI icchA kI barAbara carcA kI hai| aura, dohada ke anusAra hI santAna utpanna hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| kaMsa ke pitA ugrasena kI palI, yAnI kaMsa kI mAtA ko garbha ke tIsare mahIne meM rAjA ke udara kI bali kA mAMsa khAne kA dohada utpanna huA thaa| (devakIlambha, pR. 368) pratyeka garbhiNI kA dohada bhI apane-Apa meM prAyaH vicitra hotA hai| dohada bhI daivayoga se (prAktana karmoM ke kAraNa) hI utpanna hotA hai / 1. nivRttaprasavAyAstu punaH SaDbhyo varSebhya UrdhvaM prasavamAnAyA nAryAH kumaaro'lpaayurbhvti| - zArIrasthAna, 10.66. 2. bhAvaprakAza, garbhaprakaraNa, zlo. 331 3. zArIrasthAna, a. 3,zlo. 19-21

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 205 zalyacikitsA - prakaraNa : 'carakasaMhitA,' 'suzrutasaMhitA' aura 'aSTAMgahRdaya', ina tInoM prAcIna Ayurveda-granthoM meM zalyacikitsA-vidhi, arthAt zastra aura astrakarma kA vidhivat ullekha huA hai, kintu zalyacikitsA ke sAMgopAMga upadeza kI dRSTi se suzrutasaMhitA kI pAryantikatA prasiddha hai| vartamAna samaya meM jo 'suzrutasaMhitA' upalabdha hai, usapara saMskRta meM kevala DalhaNAcArya kI TIkA milatI hai / usameM unhoMne jejjada, gayadAsa, bhAskara Adi vidvAnoM kI TIkA aura paMjikA kA nAma-kIrtana kiyA hai| hAlA~ki, ina AyurvedAcAryoM kA koI svatantra grantha nahIM miltaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kaI aise Ayurvedika prasaMga bhI Aye haiM, jinakA samarthana pUrvavartI caraka aura suzruta tathA samakAlIna vAgbhaTa yA phi paravartI 'bhAvaprakAza' Adi se nahIM hotA / nizcaya hI, saMghadAsagaNI kA tadviSayaka AdhAra - srota kucha dUsarA rahA hogA, jisake bAre meM kucha bhI anumAna karanA kaThina hai / suzruta, spaSTa hI, caraka ke paravartI kAla kI racanA hai / isalie, caraka meM jahA~ prAcInatA ke tattva vidyamAna haiM, vahIM suzruta meM yugIna prathAoM kA samAveza parilakSita hotA hai / suzruta meM jaina yA bauddhakAlIna zabdoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / jaise: vizikhA, bhikSusaMghATI Adi / 'suzrutasaMhitA' ke pratisaMskarttA ke rUpa meM DalhaNAcArya ne prasiddha bauddhabhikSu nAgArjuna kA nAmollekha kiyA hai; kintu yaha vivAdAspada hai / 'suzrutasaMhitA' ke DaoN. bhAskara govinda ghANekara dvArA mUla-saha anUdita saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai ki cU~ki 'suzrutasaMhitA' meM brAhmaNoM kI pradhAnatA hai, isalie yaha, bauddhoM ke udayakAla ke pazcAt, jaba puSyamitra ne punaH brAhmaNoM kA rAjya sthApita kiyA, nirmita huI hai| bauddhakAla meM Ayurveda kI vizeSa unnati huI thI / takSazilA kA vizvavidyAlaya Ayurveda ke lie prasiddha thA / bauddhakAlIna prasiddha cikitsaka jIvaka ne yahIM zikSA grahaNa kI thii| kintu isa sandarbha meM yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki ahiMsAvAdI bauddhoM ke kAraNa hI pUrvavarttI kAla meM bhAratIya zalyazAstra (sarjarI) kA paryAptaM hrAsa huaa| phira bhI, Adhunika zalyazAstrajJa AcArya suzruta ko hI zalyazAstra kA pitA mAnate haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM zalyazAstra se sambaddha kaI aise prasaMga Aye haiM, jinakA vivecana aura vivaraNa prAcIna bhAratIya zalyazAstra ke pariprekSya meM karanA samIcIna hogaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM se spaSTa hai ki cikitsA ke sandarbha meM saMghadAsagaNI tathAkathita ahiMsAvAdI nahIM the / hAlA~ki, DalhaNAcArya ne zarIra - hiMsaka karma ko zastrakarma (cIra-phAr3a) kahA hai aura zarIra - ahiMsaka karma ko astrakarma / phira bhI, cU~ki yaha kArya para ko du:khahIna karane se sambaddha hai, isalie hiMsAmUlaka hote hue bhI pariNAmata: ahiMsAmUlaka hai / isa prasaMga se yaha bhI saMketita hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ke kAla meM bhAratIya zalya-cikitsA tAto'dhika vikasita ho cukI thI / saMghadAsagaNI ne eka ora zalyacikitsA kA upadeza kiyA hai, to dUsarI ora vizalyIkaraNa kI oSadhiyoM' kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai / puNDrAlambha kI kathA (jo 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI 1. saMskRta meM 'oSadhi' kA bar3A vyApaka artha hai| oSadhi kI paribhASA hai : 'phalapAkAntA oSadhayaH / ' arthAt, phala paka jAne ke bAda naSTa ho jAnevAle sabhI prakAra ke paudhe 'oSadhi' haiN| 'oSadhi' zabda kA hI 'auSadhi' ke rUpa meM bhI prayoga kozakAra ApTe ne svIkAra kiyA hai| prastuta grantha meM, davA ke samaSTyAtmaka artha (vanaspati, jar3I-bUTI aura usase nirmita auSadha) ke lie 'oSadhi' kA prayoga, jo prAcIna AyurvedAcAryoM ko bhI abhimata hai, kiyA gayA hai| - le.

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206 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA priyadarzanA-kathA ke prasaMgavizeSa se anucchAyita hai) meM, puNDrA kI utpatti ke krama meM, citravegA dvArA kahI gaI AtmakathA meM ullekha hai ki citravegA, vaitADhya parvata kI uttara zreNI meM sthita camaracaMcA nAma kI nagarI ke rAjA pavanavega kI rAnI puSkalavatI kI putrI ke rUpa meM utpanna huii| vaha kisI puruSottama kI mahilA hogI, isa pratyAzA meM use tabataka kumAra ke rUpa meM rakhane ke lie, usakI jA~gha ko cIrakara usameM oSadhi bhara dI gii| usake prabhAva se vaha kumAra ke rUpa meM dekhI, sunI aura samajhI jAne lgii| eka bAra vaha jinotsava ke avasara para mandarAcala para gaI / vahA~ vaitADhya parvata kI dakSiNa zreNI meM sthita ratnasaMcayapura ke vidyAdharanareza garuDaketu ke putra aura usakI patnI lokasundarI ke Atmaja kA garuDavega ne use (citravegA ko) lar3akI ke rUpa meM pahacAna liyA aura vaha usapara atizaya anurakta ho utthaa| garuDavega ke sAtha jaba usakA vAgdAna ho gayA, taba usakI jA~gha se vaha auSadhi nikAla dI gaI aura saMrohiNI (ghAva bharanevAlI davA) ke prayoga se vaha (citravegA) yathAvat ho gii| usake bAda bar3e DATa-bATa se usakA garuDavega ke sAtha vivAha huaa| isa prakAra, AtmakathA kahane ke bAda, vidyAdharI citravegA ne puNDrA kI phuA AryA vasumatI ko apanI jA~gha ke cIre hue sthAna ke gaDDhe ko dikhAyA aura vaha auSadhi bhI usane use dikhaaii| auSadhi ko bahuta prabhAvazAlI jAnakara AryA vasumatI ne kautUhalapUrvaka use (auSadhi ko) apane pAsa rakha liyaa| usake bAda citravegA ne vasumatI ko saMrohiNI auSadhi bhI dikhAI, jise vasumatI ne vakahrada se bar3I kaThinAIM se prApta kI krliyaa| kucha dina bItane para vasumatI kI patohU (puNDra kI patnI) ne putrI prasava kii| taba vasumatI ne vidyAdharI se prApta auSadhi ko navajAta kanyA kI jA~gha meM zalyakriyA dvArA sthApita kara diyaa| isa bAta ko vasumatI, usakI patohU aura dhAI ke sivA cauthA koI vyakti nahIM jAnatA thaa| usa lar3akI kA nAma puNDrA rakhA gayA thaa| cU~ki vasudeva zreSTha puruSa the, isalie unhoMne auSadhi ke bala se puruSabhAvApanna yuvatI puNDrA ko kumArI ke rUpa meM pahacAna liyaa| taba vasumatI ne puNDrA kI jA~gha cIra kara vaha auSadhi nikAla dI aura saMrohiNI auSadhi lagAdI, jisase cIre kA ghAva bhara gayA isa ke bAda anukUla zreSTha vara vasudeva ke sAtha puNDrA kA vivAha ho gyaa| ____ Adhunika cikitsAvijJAna-jagat meM zalyakriyA ke dvArA liMga-parivartana kI katipaya ghaTanAe~ dekhI-sunI gaI haiM, kintu jA~gha cIrakara, usameM auSadhi rakhakara lar3akI ko icchita kAla taka lar3akA banAye rakhane kI ghaTanA to apane-ApameM atizaya adbhuta hai aura vartamAna zalyazAstriyoM ke lie eka cunautI bhii| yadyapi, sahaja hI yaha sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki saMghadAsagaNI ke kAla meM bhAratIya zalyakriyA apane apanI vaijJAnikatA ke vikAsa para pahu~ca gaI thI ! caraka ne chaha zastrakarma mAne haiM : pATana, vyadhana, chedana, lekhana, proMchana aura sIvana / lekina, suzruta ne ATha zastrakarma svIkRta kiye haiM: chedya, bhedya, lekhya, vedhya, aiSya, AhArya, visrAvya aura sIvya / vAgbhaTa ne suzruta-prokta ATha zastrakarma ke atirikta pA~ca aura ginAye haiM: utpATana, kuTTana, manthana, grahaNa aura dAhana / 'vasudevahiNDI' kA uparyukta zastrakarma chedana yA chedya ke antargata haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne jise saMrohiNI kahA hai, use caraka, suzruta aura vAgbhaTa ne 'ropaNa' kI saMjJA dI hai| aura, sabane, ghAva bharane ke auSadhi-nirdeza ke krama meM ropaNataila, ropaNacUrNa, ropaNavartikA, ropaNakaSAya, rasakriyA Adi kA nuskhA bhI prastuta kiyA hai| zalyakriyA ke bAda kucha vraNoM meM gaDDhe

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 207 par3a jAte haiM aura kucha meM mAMsa ubhara AtA hai| suzruta ne donoM ke nivAraNa ke lie alaga-alaga nuskhe diye haiN| ciracirI kI jar3a, asagandha, tAlapatrI (musalI), suvarcalA (sUryamukhI yA dhuraphI) kI jar3a evaM kAkolyAdigaNa (kAkolI, kSIrakAkolI, jIvaka, RSabhaka, medA, mahAmedA, Rddhi vRddhi, balA, atibalA) meM paThita oSadhiyA~ utsAdana yA mAMsa bharane ke kArya meM prazasta haiM; phira kAsIsa, saindhavanamaka, kiNva, kuruvinda (lAla ratna), mainasila, murage ke aNDe ke chilake, camelI kI kalI, zirISa, karaMja aura dhAtu (haritAla, puSpa-kAsIsa, rasAMjana Adi) ke cUrNa ubhare hue mAMsa ko kATane ke lie prazasta haiM / saMghadAsagaNI kI 'saMrohiNI' suzruta kA 'utsAdana' pratIta hotI haiM / saMghadAsagaNI jA~gha cIrane se utpanna ghAva ke gaDDhe ko bharane ke lie 'saMrohiNI' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai aura suzruta ne ise 'utsAdana' kahA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne vinA zastrakarma ke hI oSadhi dvArA zalyacikitsA kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ye oSadhiyA~ haiM: vizalyakaraNI, saMjIvanI aura saMrohaNI (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 138) / 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM mAMsavivarddhanI aura varNaprasAdinI, ina do atirikta oSadhiyoM ke nAma parigaNita haiN| cU~ki, saMrohiNI meM hI mAMsavarddhana aura camar3e ke raMga ke prasAdana (varNaprasAdana) ke guNa samAhita haiM, isalie saMghadAsagaNI ne tIna hI oSadhiyA~ svIkRta kI haiN| hAlA~ki, saMghadAsagaNI ko cAra oSadhiyoM kI nAmAvalI denI cAhie thii| kyoMki, vidyAdhara ke carmakoSa meM AtmarakSArtha rahanevAlI cAra oSadhiyoM kI carcA (cArudatta kI AtmakathA meM) unhoMne kI hai : "vijjAharANaM kila cammarayaNamaMDukkIsu osahIo cattAri attANaM rakkhiuM / (ttraiv)| ukta zalyauSadhiyoM kI pUrva-parIkSA ke lie cArudatta ne apane gomukha Adi mitroM se kahA ki sila para oSadhi ko pIso, phira kSIravRkSa meM zalya cubhokara usapara oSadhi kI parIkSA kro| phira vidyAdhara ko jIvita kro| jJAtavya hai ki pA~ca lohe kI kIloM se biMdhA huA yaha vidyAdhara kadamba ke per3a se cipakA huA pAyA gayA thaa| parIkSA ke krama meM patA calA ki cAroM oSadhiyoM meM koI zalya nikAlanevAlI hai, to koI saMjIvanI hai, to koI ghAva bhrnevaalii| yahA~ bhI kathAkAra ne cAra davAoM kI carcA karake tIna ke hI vivaraNa diye haiN| ise kathAkAra kA pramAda hI mAnA jAyagA, usake tIna dIna oSadhiyoM kI svIkRti ke sambandha meM cAhe hama jo tarka deN| ___ ukta oSadhiyoM ke prayoga aura usake camatkAra se citta cakita ho jAtA hai| ve sabhI mitra vidyAdhara ke pAsa gye| done meM oSadhi lekara use pahale lalATa para ThukI prANaghAtaka kIla para cupar3a diyaa| dhUpa meM tapta kamala kI taraha kIla nikalakara dharatI para gira pdd'ii| usane apanA mu~ha thor3A Upara utthaayaa| marubhUti ne use sahArA diyaa| tadanantara, catura mitroM ne usa vidyAdhara ke donoM hAtha kIla se mukta kara diye| usake hAthoM ko harisiMha aura tamantaka ne sahArA diyaa| vidyAdhara ke zatru ne usake marmasthaloM ko chor3akara kIleM ThokI thIM, isalie usakA mukha vivarNa nahIM huA thaa| isake bAda usake donoM pairoM ko kIlamukta kara diyA gayA aura phira pItAmbara-uttarIyadhArI usa vidyAdhara ko kele ke patte ke bichA vana para liTA diyA gyaa| anya mitroM ne vidyAdharake ghAvoM para saMrohiNI oSadhi lagA dii| jala ke chITe aura kele ke patte kI havA se use hoza A gyaa| ___ isa prakAra kI oSadhi dvArA zalya nikAlane kI vidhi suzruta ne bhI dI hai| 'suzrutasaMhitA' ke sUtrasthAna ke sattAIsaveM 'zalyApanIya' adhyAya meM unhoMne kahA hai ki "kucha zalya (raja, tinakA 1.sUtrasthAna,37.30-32

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208 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA Adi) aise hote haiM, jo A~sU, chIMka, udgAra, khA~sI, mala, mUtra aura vAyu ke vega se, A~kha Adi avayavoM se apane-Apa bAhara A jAte haiN| mAMsa ke andara ghuse zalya, jo ki svayaM na pakatA ho, usako oSadhiyoM se pakAkara galA denA caahie| gala jAne para pUyarakta ke vega se athavA bhArIpana ke kAraNa zalya svayaM gira par3atA hai|" suzruta kI isI vidhi ko saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vizalyakaraNI' dvArA mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| suzruta ke anusAra, zalyavraNI vyakti ko mulAyama gaddedAra bichAvana para sonA caahie| cU~ki jaMgala meM vaisA bichAvana milanA sambhava nahIM thA, isalie vidyAdhara ko cArudatta ke mitroM ne kele ke narama patte ke bichAvana para liTA diyA thaa| isa kathAprasaMga meM saMjIvanI oSadhi kI pratyakSa carcA to nahIM AI hai, kintu usa vidyAdhara ke saMjIvana ke lie prayukta jala ke chITe aura kele ke patte kI havA ko tatsthAnIya mAnA jA sakatA hai| yA phira, vidyAdhara to zalyapIDA se mUrcchita ho gayA thA, isalie zalya nikalate hI vaha hoza meM A gyaa| saMjIvanI ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA to usake marane para hI hotii| isIlie, saMghadAsagaNI ne saMjIvanI kA vivaraNa prastuta karanA aprAsaMgika samajhA hogaa| __ saMjIvanI bUTI, yAnI mRtaka ko jilAnevAlI jar3I aba mithaka kI vastu bana gaI hai| hAlA~ki, Aja bhI balavIryavarddhaka peya (Asava) vizeSa yA jvaranAzaka vaTI ke rUpa meM 'mRtasaMjIvanI' saMjJA Ayurveda meM surakSita hai| suzruta ne dhanvantari kA vacana uddhRta karate hue kahA hai ki atharvaveda (Ayurveda) ke jAnanevAle eka sau eka mRtyue~ mAnate haiN| unameM eka kAlamRtyu hai, zeSa saba mRtyue~ Agantuka haiN| bhAratIya Ayurvedika cintana meM mRtyu para bar3A gahana vicAra kiyA gayA hai / kAlamRtyu aura akAlamRtyu ke sambandha meM vicArakoM ke do varga spaSTa haiN| kAlamRtyu ke pakSadharoM kA kahanA hai ki akAla meM koI nahIM maratA, isalie akAlamRtyu hotI hI nhiiN| jo jisa kAla meM maratA hai, usake lie vahI kAlamRtyu hai| saikar3oM bANoM se bIdhe jAne para bhI koI akAla meM nahIM maratA aura jisakA mRtyukAla A jAtA hai, usake lie tinakA bhI bANa ho jAtA hai| ___ akAlamRtyu ke samarthakoM kA tarka hai ki jisa prakAra asamaya meM varSA hotI hai, asamaya meM phUla aura phala lagate haiM, asamaya meM hI (acAnaka) diyA bujha jAtA hai, usI prakAra mRtyu bhI asamaya meM ho sakatI hai| jala, agni, viSa, zastra, bhUkha, vyAdhi pahAr3a se giranA, striyA~, rAjakula-ye sabhI akAlamRtyu ke kAraNa banate haiM, isalie catura vyakti inase bhaya khAtA hai| jisa prakAra tela aura battI se yukta dIpaka bhI vAyu ke prabala jhoMke se bujha jAtA hai, usI prakAra Agantuka mRtyu ke kAraNa manuSya kSaNAt mara jAtA hai| devatA bhI kAla ko dhokhA nahIM de sakate, isalie caraka, suzruta, vAgbhaTa Adi ne apamRtyu ke vinAza ke upAyoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai / kevala mRtyu hI ho, akAlamRtyu nahIM, to ukta sabhI Ayurveda ke pravaktAoM kA prayatna vyartha hI ho jaaygaa| . aisI sthiti meM yaha siddha hai ki akAlamRtyue~ haiM, aura unase rakSA karane ke kAraNa hI vaidyoM ko 'prANAcArya' kahA jAtA hai| bhAvamizra ne kahA hai: vyAghestattvaparijJAnaM vedanAyAca nigrahaH / etad vaidyasya vaidyatva na vaidyaH prabhurAyuSaH / / 1. ekottaraM mRtyuzataM yatharvANaH pracakSate / tatraikaH kAlasaMyuktaH zeSAzcAgantavaH smRtAH //

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 209 kAlamRtyu ke pakSadharoM ne isa zloka kA artha kiyA hai: "vyAdhi ke tattva kA parijJAna aura vedanA kA nigraha, yahI vaidya kA vaidyatva hai| vaidya Ayurbala kA prabhu nahIM hotaa|" kintu, akAla-mRtyuvAdiyoM ne 'na' zabda ko dehalI-dIpakanyAyaai anvayitta kara isakA artha isa prakAra lagAyA hai: "vyAdhi kA tattva-parijJAna aura vedanA kA nigraha, yahI vaidya kA vaidyatva nahIM hai, apitu vaidya Ayu kA bhI prabhu hai|" ___ isIlie, AyurvedazAstra ke roganidAna meM yaha ukti prasiddha hai ki jo vaidya sannipAtajvara kI cikitsA karatA hai, vaha mAnoM mRtyu se yuddha karatA hai: ('mRtyunA saha yoddhavyaM sannipAtaM cikitstaa)| isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki akAlamRtyu athavA Agantuka yA apamRtyu kI sthiti sunizcita hai| aura, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA carcita 'saMjIvanI' yA budhasvAmI-prokta 'mRtasaMjIvanI' oSadhi yA oSadhi akAlamRtyu yA apamRtyu se bacAnevAlI hogI, isalie usakI vaha saMjJA sArthaka hai / aura, aisI sthiti meM yaha anumAna asahaja nahIM ki usa samaya apamRtyu se bacAnevAlI pratyeka oSadhi 'saMjIvanI' saMjJA se uddhRSTa hotI rahI ho / saMghadAsagaNI ne aura bhI do-eka prasaMgoM meM akAlamRtyu se bacane kI ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai| agaDadatta kI preyasI zyAmadattA ko nagarodyAna meM jaba kAkodara sarpa ne kATa khAyA thA, taba vaha viSa ke Avega se kSaNabhara meM hI aceta ho gaI thI aura rotA-kalapatA agaDadatta ne use devakula ke dvAra para le jAkara DAla diyA thaa| taba AdhI rAta ke samaya do vidyAdhara usake pAsa Aye aura unhoMne zyAmadattA kI hAlata sunakara use apane hAthoM se chU diyA aura vaha uThakara khar3I ho gaI (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 46) / jyotirvana meM kukkuTa sarpa ke kATa khAne se rAnI sutArA kI bhI akAlamRtyu ho gaI thI, jisase vaha punaH jIvita ho gaI ( ketumatIlambha : pR. 316) / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, RSabhasvAmI ke samaya se akAlamRtyu hone lagI thii| kathA hai ki mithuna sRSTi ke samaya janma leta hI bar3akI aura bar3ake ko tAlavRkSa ke nIce rakha diyA gyaa| tAlaphala ke girane se bar3akA mara gayA aura tabhI se akAlAptyu prArambha huii| isake pUrva kAlamRtyu hI hotI thI (nIlayazAlambha, pR. 161) / kahanA na hogA ki akAlamRtyu se rakSA ke lie hI 'saMjIvanI' oSadhi kA AviSkAra vidyAdharoM ne kiyA hogaa| jainamAnyatA ke anusAra, prAya: vidyAdhara aura zramaNa muni bhI usa samaya cikitsaka kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyA karate the| astu; amitagati vidyAdhara ke prasaMga meM, saMghadAsagaNI ne ullekha kiyA hai ki vidyAdhara ke zatru ne usake marmasthaloM ko chor3akara kIleM ThokI thI, isalie usakA mukha vivarNa nahIM huA thaa| suzruta ke anusAra, sirA Adi marmasthala ke biMdhane para vraNI ke sparzajJAna kI zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai aura usakA raMga pIlA par3a jAtA hai| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne suzruta kI Ayurvedika vidhi ke anusAra hI apane zalyaviSayaka siddhAnta kA ullekha kiyA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne jihvAtantu kI zalyakriyA karake totalepana kI cikitsA kA ullekha kiyA hai| sunandA brAhmaNI ke putroM meM eka, medhAvI to thA, lekina totalA thaa| isalie, vasudeva kI patnI mitrazrI ne unase anurodha kiyA ki sunandA brAhmaNI kA putra veda par3hane meM asamartha hai, 1.liGgAni marmasvabhitADiteSu sparza na jAnAti vipANDuvarNo / - sUtrasthAna, a. 25, zlo. 40

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210 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA isalie sabhI brAhmaNa duHkhI haiN| Apa koI cikitsA karake use adhyayana ke yogya banA deN| taba zalyazAstra ke vizeSajJa vasudeva ne mitrazrI kI prasannatA ke lie totale brAhmaNa bAlaka kI cikitsA karanA svIkAra kara liyaa| isake bAda unhoMne kaiMcI (prA. kattarI) lekara phuratI se usa bAlaka kI kAlI jihvAtantu kATa DAlI aura usa ghAva para rohaNadravya (ghAva bharanevAlA vandravyaSadhau) lagA diyaa| taba, usa bAlaka kI bolI spaSTa ho gaI (mitrazrI-dhanazrIlambha, pR. 198) / suzruta ke anusAra, yaha zalyakriyA bhI chedya astrakarma ke hI antargata hai| suzruta ne chedya astroM kI saMkhyA bIsa ginAI hai| inameM 'zarArimukha' eka hai| yaha duharI coMcavAle pakSI ke mukha ke samAna hotA hai, jise loka meM kaiMcI (kattarI < kartarI) kahate haiM / 'aSTAMgahRdaya' meM vAgbhaTa ne chabbIsa astrasaMkhyA dI hai, jinameM 'kartarI' kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| a~garejI meM ise (peyara oNva sIjasa) kahA jAtA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne manuSya ke atirikta, pazuoM meM ghor3e kI bhI zalyacikitsA kA upadeza kiyA hai / dhammillahiNDI kI kathA hai : dhammilla ne dekhA ki gA~va ke nikaTa gA~va kA svAmI eka ghor3A liye hue thaa| grAmasvAmI ko kucha puruSoM ne ghera rakhA thaa| pUchane para dhammilla ko patA calA ki ghor3e ke zarIra meM zala cubha gayA hai| kinta, zarIra ke bhItara dhaMse hue zUla kA koI patA nahIM cala rahA hai| anta meM grAmasvAmI ne dhammilla se Agraha kiyA ki isa gA~va meM koI vaidya nahIM hai, isalie vaha kRpA karake ghor3e ke prANa bacA leN| dhammilla ne dhyAna se dekhA, phira bhI zarIra ke bhItara dhaMsA huA zalya use nahIM dikhAI pdd'aa| taba parIkSaNa ke lie usane kheta kI gIlI miTTI lekara ghor3e ke samUce zarIra para lepa diyaa| kSaNabhara meM zarIra ke lepa kA vaha hissA, jahA~para zalya thA, sUkha gyaa| taba usa pradeza ko cIrakara dhammilla ne zalya nikala diyA tathA ghI aura zahada se ghAva kA mu~ha bhara diyaa| ghAva bhara jAne ke bAda ghor3A svastha ho gayA (pR. 53) / suzruta ne tvacA ke bhItara zalya chipa jAne para usake upacAra meM batAyA hai ki tvacA ko lepana se snigdha evaM svedana se svinna karake miTTI, ur3ada, jau, gehU~, gobara, inako pIsakara lepa kara denA caahie| jahA~ sUjana, lAlI yA vedanA pratIta ho, vahA~ zalya samajhanA caahie| athavA, jame hue ghI, miTTI yA candana ghisakara lepa kara denA caahie| jahA~ zalya kI garamI se ghI pighalane lagatA hai yA candana aura miTTI kA lepa sUkhane lagatA hai, vahA~ zalya samajhanA caahie|' spaSTa hai ki saMghadAsagaNI kI kathA meM aMkita zalyacikitsA kA yaha prasaMga suzruta dvAsa yathAnirdiSTa zalyopacAra-vidhi para AdhRta hai| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM ullikhita zalyakriyA ke sAre prasaMga, Ayurveda ke prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA upadiSTa paddhati ke anukUla hone ke kAraNa, saMghadAsagaNI ke, aSTAMga Ayurveda ke antarbhUta, zalyacikitsA ke gambhIra anuzIlanakartA hone kI sUcanA dete haiN| 1. tatra, tvakpranaSTe snigdhasvinnAyAM mRnmASayavagodhUmagomayamRditAyAM tvaci yatra saMrambho vedanA vA bhavati, tatra zalyaM vijAnIyAt; styAnaghRtamRccandanakalkairvA pradigdhAyAM zalyoSmaNA''zu visarati ghRtamupazuSyati cAlepo yatra, tatra zalyaM vijAnIyAt / " -sUtrasthAna, 26.12

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 211 vibhinna roga aura unakI cikitsA : saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pramukhatayA kAsa, zvAsa, jvara, dAha, kukSizUla, bhagandara, kaNDU (khujalI), praroha (raktArza = khUnI bavAsIra), atIsAra, visUcikA, kuSTha Adi kaI mahArogoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM kuSTha kI cikitsA para vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai| jainAgamoM meM solaha bhayaMkara rogoM kI carcA bAra-bAra AI hai| ye solaha roga hai: zvAsa, kAsa, jvara, dAha, kukSizUla (peTadarda), bhagandara, arza (bavAsIra), ajIrNa, dRSTiroga, mUrddhAzUla (siradarda), akAraka (arocaka), netrapIr3A, karNapIr3A, kaNDU (khujalI), udararoga aura koTharoga (AmAzaya kA rog)| ye solahoM roga bar3e AtaMkakArI hote haiM, isalie inheM 'rogAtaMka' kahA gayA hai / 'upAsakadazAMga' ke caturtha adhyayana meM kathA hai ki vArANasI ke gRhapati zramaNopAsaka zUradeva ko vratavicalita yA dharmacyuta karane ke lie vighnakArI deva ne usake zarIra meM ukta solaha rogAtaMka eka sAtha utpanna kara diye the| kintu, vaha zramaNopAsaka nirbhaya aura avicala bhAva se dharmadhyAna meM lIna rhaa| isI prakAra kI kathA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI AI hai| caudahaveM madanavegAlambha kI kathA kA prasaMga hai : cakravartI rAjA sanatkumAra ne apane putra ko rAjyAdhikAra sauMpa diyA aura kapar3e ke chora para lage ghAsa kI taraha bhAratavarSa ke prazAsana kArya se alaga hokara zrAmaNya svIkAra kara liyaa| sUtra aura artha ke jJAna se sampanna vaha mahAnubhAva rAjA eka lAkha varSa taka tapovihAra karatA rhaa| tabhI usake zarIra meM ATha AtaMkakArI roga kAsa, zvAsa, jvara, dAha, udarapIr3A (kukSizUla), bhagandara, kaNDU aura praroha (raktAza) utpanna hue| yahA~ saMghadAsagaNI ne solaha rogAtaMkoM kI saMkhyA na dekara 'kevala ATha ke nAma diye haiN| __ isI kathA ke krama meM kathAkAra ne isa bAta kI mImAMsA kI hai ki roga pUrvakarmAnubandha-janita hote haiN| isalie, rogamukta hone ke bAda bhI manuSya karmAnubandha ko prApta kara puna: rogagrasta ho sakate haiN| isalie, tapa aura saMyama kI auSadhi dvArA rogoM kI cikitsA karane se, karmAnubandha ke abhAva kI sthiti meM, manuSya puna: kabhI rogagrasta nahIM hote| isIlie, sAkSAt indra ne cikitsaka kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sanatkumAra kI cikitsA kI, jisase vaha rogamukta ho gyaa| kintu karmAnubandhavaza puna: rogagrasta ho jAne kI AzaMkA se tapa aura saMyama-rUpa auSadhi kA sevana karatA rahA (madanavegAlambha : pR. 234-235) / cikitsaka rUpadhArI indra ne zleSmauSadhi, yAnI thUhara ke patte kA rasa rAjA ke zarIra ke eka aMga meM cupar3akara ragar3a diyaa| phalata:, rAjA kA zarIra rogamukta ho gyaa| suzruta ne sehuNDa, yAnI thUhara ko muSkAdigaNa meM parigaNita kiyA hai aura bhAvamizra ne guDUcyAdivarga meN| bhAvamizra ke anusAra, thUhara meM eka sAtha ukta AThoM rogoM ke atirikta aura bhI kaI rogoM ke nAza karane kI zakti nihita hai| isIlie, indra dvArA prayukta ekamAtra zleSmauSadhi (thUhara) se hI rAjA ke sAre rogAtaMka dUra ho gye| 1.sehuNDo recanastIkSNo dIpanaH kaTuko guruH / zUlAmASThIlikAdhmAnakaphagulmodarAnilAn // unmAdamohakuSThArzaH zothamedo'zmapANDutAH / vraNazothajvaraplIhaviSadUSIviSaM haret // -guDUcyAdivarga, zlo.74-75

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212 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA __jallauSadhi aura sarvoSadhi kI bhA~ti zleSmauSadhi ko bhI labdhi-vizeSa mAnA gayA hai, jisameM zarIra kI dhAtue~ oSadhi kA kAma karatI haiN| indra ko cU~ki labdhividyA siddha thI, isalie unhoMne rAjA ke zarIra para apanA zleSmA cupar3a diyA thaa| zleSmauSadhi kA yaha eka pAramparika artha bhI sambhava hai| nirvANaprApta tIrthaMkara ke zarIra ke bhasma se zarIra-pIr3A ke naSTa hone kI bAta bhI isI tathya kI pAramparikatA ko saMketita karatI hai (somazrIlambha : pR. 185) / prathama zyAmAvijayAlambha ke do ibhyaputroM kI kathA ke prasaMga meM, nandisena dvArA kI gaI asAdhya atisAra ke rogI kI paricaryA (vaiyAvRttya) kI, devoM dvArA parIkSA lene kI ghaTanA kA ullekha huA hai| isameM nandisena atisAra kI zAnti ke lie 'pAnaka' kI khoja karatA hai (pR. 117) / atisAra se grasta vaha rogI tRSA se abhibhUta thaa| roga ke lakSaNa ke anusAra vaha rogI pittAtisAra se grasta thA; kyoMki use pyAsa laga rahI thI aura usake mala se durgandha A rahI thii| ataeva, pAnaka (zarabata) kA sevana usake lie Avazyaka thaa| caraka ne pittAtisAra ke ukta lakSaNa batAte hue usakI cikitsA meM peya, tarpaNa Adi ke prayoga kA Adeza kiyA hai| caraka-prokta pAnaka (zarabata) kA eka nuskhA isa prakAra hai : indrajau ke phala aura chAla ko atIsa ke sAtha milAkara pIsa lenA cAhie aura unheM cAvala ke pAnI (dhoana) meM gholakara, zahada milAkara zarabata banA lenA caahie| yaha pAnaka pittAtisAra ko nAza karatA hai| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA atisAra ke rogI ke lie kiyA gayA pAnaka kA nirdeza AyurvedazAstra ke sarvathA anukUla hai| yahA~ nandisena ko rogI ke uttama paricAraka ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| rogI use gAliyA~ de rahA thA, yahA~taka ki usane usapara durgandhapUrNa mala kA bhI tyAga kara diyaa| phira bhI, vaha rogI ki hitabhAvanA ke sAtha usakI sevA meM lagA rhaa| caraka, suzruta Adi ne Ayurveda kI cikitsA ke cAra caraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : vaidya, auSadha, paricAraka aura rogii| paricAraka ke lie cAra guNa anivArya haiM : sevAkarma ko jAnanevAlA, karmakuzala, rogI ke prati prIti rakhanevAlA tathA pavitratA kA khayAla krnevaalaa| yahA~ nandisena, nizcaya hI, Ayurvedokta paricAraka ke guNoM se vibhUSita dikhAyA gayA hai| apacya padArtha khAne se visUcikA (haijA) roga utpanna hotA hai, aisA Ayurveda ke nidAnakAroM kA kathana hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai ki pUrvabhava meM agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti zRgAla aura zRgAlI the| unhoMne bhUkha se vyAkula hokara camar3e kI banI jue kI sUkhI rassI khA lI thI, isalie ve donoM visUcikA roga se pIr3ita hokara mara gaye (piitthikaa)| suzruta ne kahA hai ki parimita (vastu aura mAtrA ke anusAra) AhAra-vidhi ko na jAnanevAle, dUSita AmAzayavAle, ajitendriya aura bhojanalampaTa mUrkha loga visUcikA roga se pIr3ita hote haiN| 1. sakSaudrAtiviSaM piSTvA vatsakasya phalatvacAm / pibet pittAtisAraghnaM taNDulodakasaMyutam // - carakasaMhitA, cikitsitasthAna, a. 19, zloka 57 .. 2. carakasaMhitA, sUtrasthAna,9.8 3. suzrutasaMhitA, uttaratantra,56.5

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 213 prAya: vAta-pitta ke pratiloma hone se zUlaroga utpanna hotA hai, isalie AyurvedajJoM ne zUlarogI ke lie vAta-pitta kA anulomana karanevAlI, arthAt dIpana- pAcana auSadhi dene kI anuzaMsA kI hai| tadanusAra hI dhammilla jyoMhI 'saMvAha' nAmaka vanyagrAma meM pahu~cA, tyoMhI use zUlaroga se kA~patI huI eka strI dikhAI par3I / dhammilla ko usa rogiNI para dayA A gaI aura usane vAtapittAnulomaka anukUla auSadha use diyA, jisase vaha svastha ho gaI (dhammillacarita : pR 69) / krimikuSThI rogI ke nAma se hI mana AtaMkita ho uThatA hai / usake yathArtha rUpa kI parIkSA aura usakI samIcIna cikitsA karanevAle vaidya kA sAhasa aura dhairya to nizcaya hI sAtizaya prazaMsanIya hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne aise hI eka sAhasI aura kuzala vaidya kI carcA kI hai, jisane eka krimikuSThI sAdhu kI cikitsA karake use kuSThamukta kara diyA thaa| yaha vaidya pUrvabhava ke svayaM RSabhasvAmI the, jo vatsAvatI vijaya kI prabhaMkarA nagarI meM suvidhi nAmaka vaidya ke putra kezava ke rUpa meM utpanna hue the / kathAkAra ne kathA ke mAdhyama se kuSTha kI sAMgopAMga cikitsA - vidhi ko bar3I rocakatA ke sAtha isa prakAra upanyasta kiyA hai : I vartamAna bhava meM kezava vaidya ke rUpa meM utpanna, pUrvajanma ke RSabhasvAmI ke, pUrvabhava ke pote zreyAMsanAtha, zreSThiputra abhayaghoSa ke rUpa meM varttamAna bhava meM utpanna hue| prabhaMkarA nagarI ke rAjaputra, purohitaputra, mantriputra aura sArthavAhaputra ke sAtha abhayaghoSa kI maitrI ho gaI / eka dina ve pA~coM mitra jaba ekatra the, taba unhoMne krimikuSThI (krimipUrNa kodavAle) vratadhArI sAdhu ko dekhA / pA~coM mitroM ne parihAsapUrvaka vaidyaputra kezava se kahA: "Apako isa taraha ke tapasvI kI cikitsA nahIM karanI cAhie, apitu jo dhanavAn haiM, unakI hI cikitsA Apa kareM / " vaidyaputra ne kahA: "maiM to dhArmika vyakti ko nIroga karU~gA, vizeSakara sAdhu kI paricaryA to avazya hI kruuNgaa| isa sAdhu ne deha kI mamatA chor3a dI hai, isalie auSadha pInA nahIM cAhatA hai, phalata: bAhyopacAra - auSadha ke abhyaMga aura mardana ke dvArA isakI cikitsA kI jaaygii| mere pAsa 'zatasahasrapAkataila' hai / gozIrSacandana aura kambalarala (zreSTha mulAyama UnI kambala) kI AvazyakatA hai|" pA~coM mitroM ne vaidya kI bAta mAnate hue kahA : "isa kor3hI kI Apa cikitsA kareM, hama sabhI vastue~ juttaayeNge|" rAjaputra ne kambalaratna diyA / gozIrSacandana bhI ma~gavA liyA gyaa| usake bAda vrata meM sthita sAdhu se nivedana kiyA gyaa| " bhagavan ! hitabuddhi se hama Apako jo pIr3A deMge, usake lie Apa hameM kSamA kareMge / " isake bAda sAdhu ke pUre zarIra meM ukta taila cupar3a diyA gyaa| usase kor3ha ke kIr3e kulabulA uThe aura bhayaMkara pIr3A dete hue bAhara nikalane lge| pIr3A se mUrcchita sAdhu ko kambala se Dhaka diyA gyaa| kambala ThaNDA thA, isalie usameM kIr3e cipaka gye| isake bAda ThaNDI jagaha meM kambala ko jhAr3akara kIr3oM ko naSTa hone ke lie chor3a diyA gyaa| kuSThI sAdhu ke zarIra para candana kA lepa lagA diyA gyaa| isase sAdhu jaba hoza meM A gayA, taba punaH usake kor3ha para taila cupar3a diyA gyaa| kIr3e usI krama se bAhara nikalane lge| phira, mUrcchita sAdhu ko kambala se Dhaka diyA gyaa| tatpazcAt, candana kA lepa lagAkara sAdhu ko prakRtistha kara diyA gayA / jaba krimi bilakula naSTa ho gaye, taba sAdhu ke zarIra para candana kA lepa karake ve sabhI mitra apane-apane ghara cale gaye (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 177) /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ukta kathAprasaMga se kuSTha kI adbhuta cikitsA-vidhi kI jAnakArI to prApta hotI hI hai, Ayurvedika siddhAnta ke katipaya mahattvapUrNa AjJAta AyAma bhI ubharakara sAmane Ate haiN| prathama to yaha ki purAkAla ke vaidya kuzala manISI aura sarvatomukhI pratibhA se sampanna hone ke sAtha hI sAdhaka aura tapasvI bhI hote the| tabhI to, sAdhu kI vaiyAvRtti (sevA) meM lagA huA vaidyaputra kezava ne vizeSa ugra zIlavrata aura tapovidhi se apane ko bhAvita karake samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyA aura vaha acyutakalpa meM indra- samAna deva ho gayA / dvitIya, yaha ki purAkAla ke vaidya, dhanavAn rogiyoM kI apekSA dhArmika vRtti ke logoM-muniyoM aura sAdhuoM kI cikitsA ke prati vizeSa, AgrahI hote the aura cikitsA-kArya meM honevAlI pIr3A ke lie kSamA-prArthanA ke bAda hI unakI (sAdhuoM kI ) cikitsA meM pravRtta hote the / tRtIya, sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha ki prAcIna kAla ke vaidya rogiyoM ko kImatI-se-kImatI davA, apanI ora se niHzulka dete the| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki tatkAlIna vaidyoM meM dayA aura sevA - bhAvanA kUTa-kUTakara bharI rahatI thii| apane inhIM utkRSTa guNoM ke kAraNa usa samaya ke vaidya rAjAoM dvArA pUjita hote the / rogiyoM ke abhibhAvaka rogiyoM ke prANoM ko vaidyoM ke hAthoM sauMpakara nizcinta ho jAte haiM, isalie vaidya kA uttaradAyitva bahuta adhika bar3ha jAtA hai| suzruta ne vaidyoM ke lie prasaMga aura prayojanavaza vyAkaraNa, sAMkhya, nyAya, vaizeSika, jyotiSazAstra Adi kA jJAtA hone kA Adeza kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki eka hI zAstra ko par3hanevAlA vyakti zAstra ke nizcaya ko nahIM jAna sktaa| isalie, jisane bahuta-se zAstra par3he hoM, use hI saccA cikitsaka samajhanA caahie| guru ke mukha se upadeza kiye gaye zAstra ko grahaNa karake, pATha evaM artha dvArA bAra-bAra abhyAsa karake jo vaidya cikitsA-kArya karatA hai, vahI saccA vaidya hai, zeSa saba cora haiN| ' caraka ne bhI vaidya ke lie cAra guNa Avazyaka mAne haiM : zAstra kA samucita jJAna, cikitsA-karma kA pracura pratyakSa anubhava, cikitsA-kArya meM kuzalatA (siddhahastatA) aura pavitratA / vAgbhaTa ne bhI vaidya ke lie caraka - prokta guNoM kA hI anukIrttana kiyA hai : 'dakSastIrthAttazAstrArtho dRSTakarmAzucirbhiSak / arthAt, vaidya ko dakSa honA cAhie, sAtha hI vaha upAdhyAya se zAstra ke artha ko pUrNarUpa se grahaNa kiyA huA ho, bahuta bAra cikitsA-karma dekhA huA ho aura kAyika, mAnasika aura vAcika doSoM se rahita ho, arthAt vaha bahirantaH pavitra ho / isake viparIta jo vaidya hote haiM, ve nindanIya mAne jAte haiM / vaidya kevala zarIra-cikitsaka hI nahIM hote, manazcikitsaka bhI hote haiN| isalie, vAgbhaTa ne buddhi, dhairya, AtmA Adi ke viziSTa jJAna ko manodoSa ke lie zreSTha auSadha kahA hai : 'dhIdhairyAtmAdivijJAnaM manodoSauSadhaM prm|" 214 isIlie, saMghadAsagaNI ne ArttadhyAnI vaidyoM kI nindA kI hai| ujjayinI meM tApasa nAma kA zreSThI thA / vaha cikitsA-kArya meM kuzala thA / kintu usameM durguNa yaha thA ki vaha Aya-vyaya-viSayaka heraphera tathA kRSiviSayaka hiMsAkarma meM saMlagna rahanevAlA ArttadhyAnI ( vibhinna prakAra se bhaviSya kI duzcintA meM magna rahanevAlA) thA, isIlie marakara vaha zUkara- yoni meM utpanna huA (pIThikA) / 1. suzrutasaMhitA, sUtrasthAna, 4. 6-8 2. carakasaMhitA, sUtrasthAna, 9.6 3. aSTAMgahRdaya, sUtrasthAna, 1.28 4. uparivat, 1.26

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 215 AyurvedazAstra meM kuSTha, mahArogoM meM parigaNita hai| vAtavyAdhi, prameha, kuSTha bavAsIra, bhagandara, patharI, mUDhagarbha aura udararoga, ye ATha mahAroga haiN| isalie, inakI cikitsA kaThina mAnI jAtI hai| caraka aura vAgbhaTa ne kuSTha-cikitsA. vistAra se likhI hai aura paravattI AyurvedavidoM ne bhii| kintu krimikuSTha kI carcA ekamAtra suzruta ne hI kI hai aura isakI cikitsA ke krama meM nIma, Aka aura saptaparNa kA kvAtha pIne tathA kIr3oM se bhare ghAvoM para lagAne ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke tailoM (jaise : vajrakataila, mahAvajrakataila Adi) aura lepoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne jisa 'zatasahasrapAkataila' yA 'krimikuSThaharataila' tathA gozIrSacandana ke lepa kA ullekha kiyA hai, yA phira kambalaratna dvArA kor3ha se kIr3oM ko nikAlane kI jo adbhuta vidhi dI hai, vaha Ayurveda ke prAcIna granthoM meM bhI nahIM milatI / saMghadAsagaNI dvArA nirdiSTa krimikuSTha kI cikitsA paddhati Ayurveda-jagat ke lie, nissandeha, zodha aura gaveSaNA kA viSaya hai| . isI prakAra, kauzAmbI kA rAjA jitazatru pUrvabhava meM azubha karma ke udaya se kuSThI ho gayA thaa| usake pitA ne aneka vaidyoM se davA karAI, kintu kuSTha dUra nahIM huaa| eka bAra yavanadeza ke rAjA dvArA bhejA gayA dUta kauzAmbI aayaa| usane cikitsA-vidhi meM kuSThI rAjA ke pitA se batAyA ki apane isa putra ko ghor3e ke bachar3e ke lahU meM DubAkara rkhie| kuSThI rAjA ke pitA ne putrasnehavaza kuSTha ke upacAra ke lie rAjakula ke eka ghor3e kA vadha karavA diyA (dhmmillhinnddii)| yavanadezakI yaha kuSTha-cikitsA-vidhi bhI apane-ApameM paryApta vismayakArI aura vicAraNIya bhI hai| viSa-prakaraNa : viSa aura usase sambaddha cikitsA kI carcA dvArA saMghadAsagaNI ne Ayurveda ke aSTAMga meM anyatama, 'agadatantra' meM bhI apane gambhIra praveza kI sUcanA dI hai| AyurvedazAstra meM viSa do prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM: sthAvara aura jNgm| suzruta ke anusAra, sthAvara viSa pacapana prakAra ke haiM aura phira inake avAntara bheda bhI aneka haiN| per3a-paudhoM ke mUla, patte, phUla, phala, chAla, dUdha, sAra, goMda aura kanda tathA haratAla Adi dhAtu ye dasa, sthAvara viSa ke, adhiSThAna haiN| sthAvara viSa ke, caraka ke anusAra, AThaveM aura suzruta ke anusAra, sAtaveM vega meM manuSya kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| jaMgama viSa ke solaha adhiSThAna haiM : jaise, kisI jIva kI dRSTi, zvAsa, dA~ta (jabar3A), nakha, mala, mUtra, zukra, lAra, Arttava, mukha-sandaMza (mukhauSTha), apAnavAyu, coMca, haDDI, pitta, zUka (kisI tinake kI noka) aura shv| maharSi Atreya ke upadezAnusAra, unake ziSya agniveza yA caraka maharSi ne jaharIle jantuoM kI daMSTrA se utpanna viSa ko jaMgama viSa kahA hai| sthAvara viSa jaMgama viSa ko aura jaMgama viSa sthAvara viSa ko naSTa kara detA hai| isIlie, kahA jAtA hai : 'viSasya vissmaussdhm|' samudra-manthana ke samaya, utpanna hote hI isa viSa ne logoM ke mana meM viSAda utpanna kiyA, isIlie ise 'viSa' kahA jAne lgaa| jaMgama viSa ke phailane kI pravRtti nIce se Upara kI ora hotI hai aura sthAvara viSa kI gati Upara se nIce kI ora rahatI hai| . saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sthAvara aura jaMgama donoM prakAra ke viSoM kI carcA kathAvyAja se kI hai| jaMgama viSa meM sarpaviSa kA aura sthAvara viSa meM kamala ke phUla meM mizrita

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216 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA tAlapuTa viSa kA ullekha kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| sarpa-cikitsA ke sandarbha meM caraka aura suzruta ne bar3I sUkSmatA se vicAra kiyA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne prAya: dRSTiviSa sarpa, bhujaparisarpa, kukkuTa sarpa, kAkodara sarpa, agandhana sarpa Adi kI carcA kI hai| suzruta ne sA~poM ke cAra vargoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : dIkara, maNDalI, rAjimAn aura nirviSa / suzruta ne 'parisarpa' saMjJaka sarpa kI gaNanA davIMkara-varga meM kI hai; kintu kathAkAra ne zeSa soM ke nAma kisI anya srota se liye haiN| mAdhavIlatA ke jhUle para krIr3A karate samaya zyAmadattA ko kAkodara sarpa ne DaMsa liyA thA, jisase vaha kSaNabhara meM hI viSa ke vega se aceta ho gaI thii| bAda meM vidyAdhara ke sparza se vaha viSamukta huI (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 46-47) / ranoM ke Dhera para sarpa ke rahane kI kalpanA bar3I purAnI hai| rAjA siMhasena eka dina bhavitavyatA se prerita hokara bhANDAra meM ghusA aura usane jyoMhI ratnoM para dRSTi DAlI, tyoM hI ranoM para baiThe agandhana sarpa ne use DaMsa liyaa| gAruDI ne vidyAbala se agandhana sarpa ko rAjA ke zarIra se viSa cUsane ke lie prerita kiyA, kintu sarpa bar3A abhimAnI thA, vaha viSa cUsane ko taiyAra nahIM huA, phalata: viSa se abhibhUta rAjA mara gayA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 254) / sarpa-cikitsA ke krama meM caraka aura suzruta ne mantra aura AcUSaNa kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu jisa sA~pa ne DaMsA ho, usI sA~pa ko mantrabala se bulAkara, use apane viSa ko cUsakara vApasa lene kI vidyA kI carcA unhoMne nahIM kI hai| lekina, suzruta ne isa bAta kI carcA avazya kI hai ki svayaM sarpadaSTa vyakti hI usI sA~pa ko kATe ('sa daSTavyo'thavA sarpo') / ___saMghadAsagaNI ne zaravana ko dRSTiviSa sarpa kA AvAsasthAna batAyA hai evaM bhujaparisarpa ko AkAza meM ur3anevAlI, sarpajAti kA nirdiSTa kiyA hai| kukkuTa sarpa ne rAnI sutArA ko jyotirvana meM DaMsa liyA thaa| mantrauSadhi se cikitsA karane para bhI vaha baca nahIM pAI, tatkSaNa mara gii| Ayurveda ke anusAra, sarpa do prakAra ke hote haiM: divya aura bhauma / divya soM kI dRSTi aura ni:zvAsa meM viSa hotA hai, kintu bhauma soM kI daMSTrA meN| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne donoM prakAra ke soM kI carcA apanI mahatkathA meM kI hai| _ 'vasudevahiNDI' ke ketumatIlambha meM prApya sthAvara viSa kA eka prasaMga ullekhya hai| rAjA zrIsena ke donoM putra-indusena aura bindusena anantamati nAma kI gaNikA ke kAraNa jaba devaramaNa udyAna meM Apasa meM lar3ane lage, taba unheM rokane se asamartha hokara rAjA ne tAlapuTa viSa se bhAvita kamalapuSpa sUMghakara mRtyu kA varaNa kara liyaa| caraka, suzruta aura vAgbhaTa tInoM prAcIna AyurvedAcAryoM ne sthAvara viSa meM 'tAlapuTa' kI gaNanA nahIM kI hai| isalie, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita yaha sthAvara viSa bhI bhinnasrotaska pratIta hotA hai, jo zodhakartAoM ke lie praznacihna banA huA hai| prAcIna AyurvedajJoM ne, nAnA prakAra kI oSadhiyoM se nirmita kRtrima viSa ko 'gara' saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| yaha prAya: dera se yA jaldI bhI asara karanevAlA hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA 1. kalpasthAna, 5.6 2. kRtrimaM garasaMjJaM tu kriyate vividhoSadhaiH / hanti yogavazenAzu cirAcciratarAcca tat // - aSTAMgahRdaya, uttarasthAna, 35.6

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 217 ullikhita 'yogamadya" yA 'puSkaramadhu' 'gara' saMjJaka viSa kI koTi meM parigaNanIya hai / dhanazrI DiNDI ko behoza karane ke lie 'yogamadya' lekara azokavanikA meM vinItaka ke sAtha AI thI. (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 52) / phira, gaNikA vasantatilakA kI mA~ ne cArudatta ko 'yogapAna' pilAkara aceta kara diyA thA aura use bhUtaghara meM DalavA diyA thA (tatraiva) / isI prakAra, cArudatta ko, usake mitroM ne chalapUrvaka, jisa 'puSkaramadhu' ko devopabhogya aura amRtopama kahakara pilAyA thA, jisase use cakkara Ane lagA thA, vaha bhI eka viziSTa prakAra se taiyAra kiyA gayA, madhu kA bhrama utpanna karanevAlA, madya hI thA (gandharvadattAlambha), yadyapi vaha ghAtaka nahIM thaa| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya, Ayurve-granthoM ke viSa-prakaraNa meM yathAprastuta 'gara'-prayoga kA prasaMga bhI Ayurveda-vidyA ke vivaraNa ke sandarbha meM apanA ullekhanIya mUlya rakhatA hai| rasa-prakaraNa : Ayurveda ke ATha aMgoM meM rasAyanatantra kA bhI mahanIya sthAna hai| kSipra ArogyakArI hone ke kAraNa cikitsA-kSetra meM rasacikitsA sarvazreSTha mAnI gaI hai| isIlie, kahA gayA hai ki 'kSipramArogyadAyitvA- dauSadhebhyo'dhiko rasaH / ' rasacikitsA ke AvirbhAvaka sAkSAt zivajI mAne jAte haiN| prAcIna rasacikitsakoM meM prasiddha bauddhabhikSu nAgArjuna kA nAma mUrdhanya hai| unhoMne lohe se sonA banAne kI vidhi kA AviSkAra kara bhAratIya rasAyana-tantra ko ullekhanIya pAryantikatA pradAna kI hai| lohe se sonA banAne kI adbhuta rahasyamayI ghaTanA prAya: sabhI prAcInatama bhAratIya kathAoM meM AvRtta hotI rahI hai| isIlie, isa rocaka-romAMcaka aura rahasya-vismayamayI pAramparika ghaTanA ko apanI mahatkathA meM samAviSTa karane kI guMjAiza saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI nikAla lI hai| durgama suvarNadvIpa meM jAkara sone kI prApti yA lohe se sonA banAne ke rasa kI upalabdhi prAcIna kathAnAyakoM ke puruSArtha yA jIvanoddezya kI carama pariNati yA parA kASThA mAnI jAtI thii| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke gandharvadattAlambha meM etadviSayaka rocaka kathA isa prakAra upanyasta kI hai : jaba autpAtika A~dhI se cArudatta kI nAva naSTa ho gaI, taba bahuta dera ke bAda nAva kA eka takhtA usake hAtha laga gyaa| usI ko pakar3akara lahara ke sahAre bahatA huA vaha sAta rAta ke bAda udumbarAvatI ke taTa para A lgaa| aura taba, vaha samudra se bAhara A gyaa| khAre pAnI meM dera taka rahane se usakA zarIra sapheda par3a gayA thaa| vaha eka latAkuMja ke nIce baiThakara vizrAma karane lgaa| usI samaya eka tridaNDI vahA~ aayaa| vaha use sahArA dekara gA~va meM le gyaa| apane maTha meM usane usake lie abhyaMga kI vyavasthA kI aura pUchA : "ibhyaputra ! kaise isa Aphata meM par3a gaye?" usane tridaNDI se yAtrA para nikalane aura Aphata meM par3ane kI apanI kahAnI saMkSepa meM batAI / taba vaha tridaNDI sahasA phUTa par3A : "o abhAge ! mere maTha se nikala jaa|" vaha vahA~ se nikala pdd'aa| thor3I hI dUra gayA thA ki tridaNDI ne usase lauTane kA Agraha karate hue kahA : 1. kauTilya ne bhI apane arthazAstra meM aneka prakAra ke yogamayoM kI carcA kI hai, jinameM medakayoga,prasanAyoga, Asavayoga, sambhArayoga Adi ke banAne kA vidhivat nuskhA bhI unhoMne prastuta kiyA hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie 'arthazAstra ke dUsare adhikaraNa kA paccIsavA~ adhyAya draSTavya hai|

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218 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA "beTe ! maiMne to tumhArI vinamratA kI parIkSA ke lie tumheM DA~TA thaa| anajAna kI taraha kyoM apane ko mauta ke mu~ha meM DAla rahe ho? agara dhana kamAnA cAhate ho, to merI AjJA kA pAlana kro| merI sevA-upAsanA se tumheM anAyAsa dhana milegaa|" usake bAda usa tridaNDI ke naukaroM ne usa (cArudatta ko) snAna karAyA aura yavAgU (jau kA mA~r3a) pilaayaa| isa prakAra, vahA~ usake kucha dina bIte / eka dina usa parivrAjaka ne Aga dhadhakAkara usase kahA : "dekho !" isake bAda usane kAle lohe para rasa cupar3akara use aMgAroM meM chor3a diyA aura phira bhAthI se dhauMkanA zurU kiyaa| thor3I hI dera meM vaha lohA uttama sonA bana gyaa| usake bAda parivrAjaka ne usase pUchA : "dekhA tumane?" "atyanta adbhuta dekhA !" usane khaa| parivrAjaka ne puna: kahA : "agara mere pAsa sonA nahIM hai, to bhI maiM bahuta bar3A sonevAlA huuN| tumheM dekhakara tumhAre prati merA putravat sneha umar3a AyA hai| tuma dhana ke lie kleza uThA rahe ho, ata: tumhAre lie 'zatasahasravedhI' rasa lAne jA rahA huuN| isake bAda tuma kRtArtha hokara apane ghara lauTa jaaoge| pahale kA lAyA huA rasa to bahuta thor3A hai|" vaha cArudatta parivrAjaka kI bAta para laTTa ho gayA aura bolA : "tAta ! aisA hI kreN|" parivrAjaka ne rasa lAne kI taiyArI zurU kii| aneka upayogI upakaraNa apane sAtha rakhe, pAtheya bhI rakha liyaa| aura, cArudatta ko sAtha lekara rAta ke aMdhere meM gA~va se nikala pdd'aa| kramaza; ve donoM hiMsraka jantuoM se bhare ghora jaMgala meM phuNce| rAta meM ve calate the aura dina meM pulindoM ke bhaya se chipakara rahate the| krama se ve pahAr3a kI guphA se nikalakara eka tRNAcchanna kue~ ke pAsa pahu~ce / parivrAjaka vahIM Thahara gayA aura cArudatta se bhI vizrAma karane ko khaa| usake bAda vaha parivrAjaka camar3e kA vastra pahanakara kue~ meM paiThane lgaa| cArudatta ke jijJAsA. karane para usane kahA : "ghAsa se DhakA yaha kuA~ auMdhe mu~ha pyAle kI taraha hai| isI ke madhyabhAga meM vajrakuNDa hai| usI kuNDa meM yaha rasa risatA rahatA hai| maiM kue~ meM utaratA huuN| tuma choTI maciyA para tUMbA rakhakara nIce laTakAnA aura taba maiM rasa se hbA bhruuNgaa|" cArudatta ne parivrAjaka se kahA : "maiM hI kue~ meM utaratA huuN|" "nahIM beTe ! tuma Dara jaaoge|" parivrAjaka ne sneha ke sAtha khaa| "nahIM ddruuNgaa|" yaha kahakara cArudatta ne camar3e kA kUrpAsaka (kuratA) pahanA aura kue~ meM utarane lgaa| parivrAjaka ne yogavartikA jalAkara usI ke prakAza meM cArudatta ko kue~ meM utAra diyaa| kue~ ke tala para pahu~cate hI rasakuNDa dikhAI pdd'aa| parivrAjaka ne tUMbA lttkaayaa| cArudattane karachula se qhUbe meM rasa bharakara use maciyA para rkhaa| parivrAjaka ne rassI khIMcakara tUMbA Upara uThA liyaa| cArudatta pratIkSA karane lagA ki parivrAjaka puna: maciyA ko kue~ meM lttkaaygaa| dera hone para cArudatta ne kue~ se AvAja dI : "tAta ! rassI lttkaaie|" kuA~ bahuta gaharA thaa| cArudatta jaise mahAmUrkha ko kue~ meM chor3akara parivrAjaka calA gyaa| nirAza, kintu sAhasI cArudatta usa kue~ se bAhara nikalane kA upAya socane lgaa| prastuta kathAprasaMga meM saMghadAsagaNI dvArA nirdiSTa lohe ko sonA banAnevAlA 'zatasahasravedhI' rasa aura usake udgamasthala vajrakuNDa, donoM hI rahasyAtmaka haiN| kintu, lohe se sonA banAne kI mUla parikalpanA nirAdhAra nahIM hai| bhAratIya Ayurveda-vidyA ke lie yaha kArya bhI asambhava nahIM thaa| AcArya vAgbhaTa-viracita 'rasaratnasamuccaya' meM, sone ke prakaraNa meM prAkRtika aura kRtrima sone kI

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 219 carcA huI hai| sonA pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai : prAkRta, sahaja, vahni se utpanna, khanija aura rasendra (pArada) ke vedha (svedana Adi) se utpanna / prAkRta suvarNa, jisase brahmAjI ne suvarNamaya brahmANDa kA nirmANa kiyA thA, devoM ke lie bhI durlabha hai| pArada ke vedhanakarma se utpanna suvarNa 'rasendravedha-saMjAta' kahalAtA hai| rasaratnasamuccayakAra ne pratyeka khanija dhAtu ko 'loha' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| loha tIna prakAra ke haiM : zuddha loha, pUtiloha aura mizraloha / sonA, cA~dI, tA~bA aura lohA, ye cAra zuddha loha haiM; rA~gA aura sIsA, ye donoM pUtiloha haiM tathA pItala, kA~sA aura rukmaloha, ye tInoM mizraloha haiN| isa prakAra, lohA aura sonA, donoM ke eka hI varga ke hone ke kAraNa lohA se sonA bananA sahaja hI sambhava hai| Aja bhale hI lohe se sonA banAne kI vidhi aura sAmagrI duSprApya ho gaI hai, kintu prAcIna bhArata meM isakI sambhAvyatA thii| yadyapi usa yuga meM bhI yaha kArya sarvajanIna nahIM ho pAyA aura Ayurveda-vidyA se adhika tantravidyA kA viSaya banakara nAmazeSa ho gyaa| bhAratIya rasAyanatantra ke itihAsa meM lohe se sonA banAnevAle nAgArjuna ke atirikta aura bhI aneka rasAyanAcArya ke nAma surakSita haiM, jinameM Adima, candrasena, laMkeza, vizArada kapAlI, mattamANDavya, bhAskara, sUrasena, ratnakoza, zambhu, sAttvika, naravAhana, indrada, gomukha, kambali, vyADi surAnanda nAgabodhi, yazodhana, khaNDa kApAlika, brahmA, govinda lampaka (Ta) aura hari ke nAma mUrdhanya haiN| ina AcAryoM dvArA racita aneka rasatantra aura rasasaMhitAe~ bhI haiM, jinameM 'dattAtreyasaMhitA,' 'rudrayAmalatantra', 'kAmadhenutantra', 'kAkacaNDIzvaratantra', 'nAgArjunatantra', 'svacchandabhairavatantra', 'manthAnabhairavatantra', 'rasapArijAta' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| isa prakAra, bhAratavarSa meM rasAyanAcAryoM kI camatkArI rasanirmANa-prakriyA kI eka paripuSTa paramparA rahI hai| Azcarya nahIM ki ve aise rasa bhI taiyAra kara sakate the, jisase lohA sonA bana jAtA thaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prastuta kathA meM saMghadAsagaNI ne kathAcchala se lohe se sonA banAne kI prakriyA kA ullekha karake bhAratIya rasAyanatantra kI mahatI malyavatI paramparA kI ora hI saMketa kiyA hai| - uparivivecita Ayurvedika tattvoM ke atirikta aura bhI tadviSayaka katipaya sphuTa prasaMga 'vasudevahiNDI' meM upalabdha hote haiN| jaise : vasudeva ne lazunikA nAma kI dAsI ke mu~ha kI badabU ko dUra karane ke lie durgandhanAzaka golI taiyAra kI thii| vasudeva ke zabdoM meM hI yaha kathAprasaMga prastuta hai : maiM usa rUpavatI naukarAnI se kucha pUchatA thA, to vaha mu~ha ghumAkara uttara detI thii| maiMne kahA : "bAlike ! mu~ha ghumAkara kyoM bAta karatI ho? kyA tuma vivekahIna ho?" vaha bolI : "mere mu~ha se lahasuna kI gandha AtI hai, isalie yaha jAnakara bhI ApakI ora mu~ha karake kaise bai?" maiMne kahA : "duHkhI mata ho| maiM gandhadravya ke yoga se tumhAre gale ke zvAsa kI durgandha ko dUra kara duuNgaa| maiM jina vastuoM ko kahatA hU~, unheM le aao|" vaha sabhI sAmagrI le aaii| maiMne sabhI dravyoM ko ghI meM milAkara kharala kiyA aura unheM nalIyantra meM bhara diyaa| usake bAda unase goliyA~ bnaaiiN| una goliyoM ke prayoga se badabU dUra ho gaI aura lazunikA ke mu~ha se kamala kI taraha 1. prAkRtaM sahajaM vahnisambhUtaM khnismbhvm| rasendravedhasaJjAtaM svarNa paJcavidhaM smRtam ||-rsrlsmuccy,5.2 2. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavyaH rasaratnasamuccaya, suralojjvalA bhASATIkA, caukhambA-saMskaraNa, bhUmikA, pR.2

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220 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA sugandha Ane lgii| krama-krama se maiM usake mu~ha meM goliyA~ rakhatA calA gayA aura isa prakAra vaha pUrNataH sugandhamukhI ho gii|" (raktavatIlambha : pR. 218) bhAvamizra ne bhI mukha kI durgandha dUra karane kA eka nuskhA diyA hai : kAlA jIrA, indrajau aura kUTha ko cabAne se tIna dina meM mukha kI durgandha naSTa ho jAtI hai / kintu vasudevajI kA nuskhA rAjocita pratIta hotA hai aura vaha golI bilakulaM Ayurvedokta gandhadravya se hI, ghI meM kharala kara nalIyantra ke dvArA taiyAra kI gaI hai / isase gandha kevala dUra hI nahIM hotI, apitu vaha kamala kI sugandha meM badala jAtI hai| - isake atirikta, saMghadAsagaNI ne Ayurveda ke prasiddha paMcakarmoM meM vamana-virecana (kathotpatti : pR. 13) kI carcA kI hai; davA ke kharala karane aura usameM bhAvanA dene (raktavatIlambha : pR. 218) Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai; zatapAkataila se abhyaMga (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 177) karane kI bAta bhI AI hai| sAtha hI, Ayurvedika jar3I-bUTiyoM meM triphalA kA rasa (somazrIlambha : pR. 189), gozIrSacandana, araNI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 160), priyaMgu (tatraiva : pR. 161), tumbarucUrNa (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 148), zilAjatu (kathotpatti : pR. 6) Adi ko bhI kathAvyAja se upanyasta kiyA hai| yahA~taka ki navajAta zizu ko ghUTI (pIThaka) pilAne kI vidhi kI ora bhI kathAkAra kI dRSTi gaI hai (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 152) / kathAkAra-prokta sarada-garama kI viruddha sthiti meM aneka prakAra ke roga utpanna hone kA bhI eka prasaMga draSTavya hai : mitra ke sAtha cArudatta nadItaTa para baiThA thaa| tabhI, marubhUti ne nadI meM utarakara gomukha se kahA : "tuma bhI utaro, kyoM dera kara rahe ho?" taba gomukha bolA : "cikitsakoM ne kahA hai ki rAstA calakara sahasA pAnI meM nahIM utaranA caahie| talave kI do zirAe~ Upara jAkara gale se jur3atI haiN| vahIM do netragAminI zirAe~ haiN| ina zirAoM ko vikRta hone se bacAne ke lie garamI se santapta zarIravAle ko pAnI meM utaranA niSiddha hai| yadi koI utaratA hai, to sarada-garama kI viruddha sthiti meM vaha kubar3epana athavA andhepana kA zikAra ho jAtA hai / isalie, thor3A vizrAma karake pAnI meM utaranA ucita hai|" zArIravijJAna ke AdhAra para sarada-garama kI viruddha sthiti meM utpanna honevAle viziSTa rogoM kI utpatti kA yaha vivecana saMghadAsagaNI kI vilakSaNa aura vismayakArI AyurvedajJatA kA dyotaka hai| isa prakAra, niSkarSa rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM Ayurveda-vidyA ke vibhinna laukika aura zAstrIya AyAmoM ko yathAprasaMga upasthApita karake apanI AyurvedamarmajJatA siddha kI hai| kahanA na hogA, saMghadAsagaNI ne apane samaya ke Ayurveda-jagat kI aisI viziSTa bAnagI prastuta kI hai, jisakA bhArata ke cikitsAzAstra ke itihAsa ke lie atizaya mahattva hai| tIsarI-cauthI zatI ke anantara bhI Ayurveda-kSetra meM kitane hI mahattvapUrNa parivartana hote gaye, jinake tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM 'vasudevahiNDI' ke Ayurvedika prasaMga apanA tato'dhika mUlya rakhate haiN| aitihAsika dRSTi se unakA adhyayana bhAratIya svarNakAla ke Ayurvedika itihAsa para nayA prakAza DAla sakatA hai| ___ isake atirikta, saMghadAsagaNI ne hAthiyoM, ghor3oM aura gAyoM kI jisa mAnasika aura zArIrika sthiti kA citraNa kiyA hai, usase unake, Ayurveda ke upAMga, hastyAyurveda, azvAyurveda aura gavAyurveda ke tattvajJa hone kA bhI spaSTa saMketa milatA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 221 dhammillahiNDI kI dhanazrI - kathA kA vinItaka (samudradatta) to kAmazAstrokta cauMsaTha kalAoM meM anyatama vRkSAyurveda meM bhI kuzala thaa| tabhI to, usane kucha hI dinoM meM dhana sArthavAha ke ArAma ko sarvaRtusulabha phUloM aura phaloM se samRddha kara diyA ("tato so rukkhAyuvveyakusalo taM ArAmaM kaivaehiM divasehiM savvouyapuNphaphalasamiddhaM karei"; 50) / prAcIna bhAratIya svarNayuga puruSArthapradhAna rAjAoM aura nyAyapradhAna. rAjadarabAroM kA yuga thA / hAthI, ghor3e, gAya-bhaiMsa Adi unake amUlya anivArya upakaraNa yA pazudhana ke rUpa meM surakSita rahate the, isalie unake svAsthya kI dekhabhAla kI svatantra vyavasthA bhI anivAryata: rahatI thI / Adhunika rAjatantra kI samApti aura pazudhana ke hrAsa ke yuga meM bhI pazu-cikitsAlayoM kI upasthiti prAkkAlIna aSTAMga AyurvedazAstra ke vyApaka vikAsa aura usake mahAn lakSya prANimAtra kI kalyANabhAvanA ko hI pratIkita karatI hai / (ga) dhanurveda-vidyA bhAratIya prAcyavidyA meM dhanurveda yA dhanurvidyA sampUrNa Ayudhaveda yA AyudhavidyA ke lie prayukta huA hai| dhanurveda kI atirucira utpatti-kathA likhate hue saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM dhanurveda ko Ayudhaveda bhI kahA hai| kathA isa prakAra hai : isa bharatakSetra meM, mithuna-dharma ke 'avasAna-kAla meM kulakaroM dvArA pravarttita hAkAra, mAkAra aura dhikkAra kI daNDanIti kA loga jaba ullaMghana karane lage, taba mithunoM sahita devoM ne nAbhiputra RSabhazrI ko prathama rAjA ke rUpa meM gaddI para baitthaayaa| usa samaya ke manuSya prakRtyA bhadra aura namra hote the aura svabhAvata: unameM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kama huA karate the| usa samaya astra kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI thI / jaba RSabhasvAmI ke prathama putra bharata samasta bhAratavarSa ke rAjA hue aura unheM caudaha ratna aura nau nidhiyoM kA svAmitva prApta huA, taba 'mAnava' nAmaka nidhi ne unako vyUha-racanA tathA astra-zastra evaM kavaca ke nirmANa kA upadeza kiyaa| kAlAntara meM kaThorahRdaya rAjAoM aura amAtyoM ne apanI mati se vibhinna zastroM kI racanA kI aura unake prayoga kI paddhati kA bhI pracAra kiyA / vidvAnoM ne astrazastra - vidyA se sambaddha aneka zAstroM kI racanAe~ kiiN| isI krama meM astroM, apAstroM aura vyastroM kA pracAra huA tathA Ayudhaveda evaM saMgrAma ke yogya mantroM ke bhI prayoga prArambha hue (padmAlambha: pR. 202) / zrAmaNya-paramparA - prokta astravidyA kI yaha Avarjaka utpatti-kathA brAhmaNa- paramparA ke sandarbha meM vivecya hai / kisI nizcita lakSya para dhanuSa kI sahAyatA se bANa calAne kI kalA ko dhanurvidyA (ArcarI) kahate haiM / dhanurvidyA kA janmasthAna anumAna kA viSaya hai| lekina, aitihAsika sUtroM se siddha hotA hai ki isakA prayoga pUrvadezoM meM bahuta prAcIna kAla se hotA thA / sambhava hai, bhArata se hI yaha vidyA IrAna hote hue yUnAna aura araba dezoM meM pahu~cI thii| bhAratIya sainyavijJAna yA astravidyA kA nAma 'dhanurveda' honA siddha karatA hai ki vaidika kAla se hI prAcIna bhArata meM dhanurvidyA pratiSThita thI / saMhitAoM aura brAhmaNoM meM vajra sAtha hI dhanurbANa kA ullekha milatA hai / 'kauzItakibrAhmaNa' meM likhA hai ki dhanurdhara kI yAtrA dhanuSa ke kAraNa sakuzala aura nirApada hotI hai / jo dhanurdhara zAstrokta vidhi se bANa kA prayoga karatA hai, vaha bar3A yazasvI hotA hai /

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222 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___ yajurveda (22.22) meM, maMgalakAmanAparaka eka prasiddha mantra meM kSatriyoM ke lie kahA gayA hai ki "ArASTra rAjanyaH zUra' iSavyo'tivyAdhI mahAratho jaaytaam|" arthAt, vIra kSatriya iSukarma yA bANa-sandhAna meM nipuNa (iSavya) tathA bar3I dUra-dUra taka lakSyavedha karanevAlA (ativyAdhI) ho| veda kA hI eka dUsarA mantra hai, jisameM AkarNakRSTa dhanuSa kA AlaMkArika yuddhopayogI varNana hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "vitatAdhi dhanvan jyA iyaM samane paaryntii| arthAt, yuddhasthala meM zatru ko parAsta karane ke lie jyA ko dhanuSa para car3hAkara itane bala se AkarSaNa kare ki jyA kAna taka pahu~ca jAya / isa prakAra, dhanurvidyA kA nirdeza karanevAle kitane hI vAkya vaidika sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| upaniSatkAla meM dhanurvidyA itanI adhika pracalita tathA lokapriya thI ki adhyAtmavidyA jaise gahana viSaya ke upadeza ke lie dhanurvidyA ko hI upamAna mAnA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM atharvavedIya 'muNDakopaniSad' ke dvitIya muNDaka ke dvitIya khaNDa ke do mantra (saM. 3-4) udAharttavya haiN| pahalA mantra hai : dhanurgRhItvopaniSadaM mahAstraM zaraM hyapAsAnizitaM sandhayIta / Ayamya tadbhAvagatena cetasA lakSyaM tadevAkSaraM somya viddhi / / arthAt, upaniSatpratipAdita jJAnarUpI mahAstra dhanuSa ko hAtha meM lekara usapara upAsanA-rUpI tIkSNa bANa kA sandhAna kro| he saumya ! apanI cittavRttiyoM ko kendrita karake akSarabrahma ko apanA lakSya samajhakara kevala usakA hI cintana kro| dUsarA mantra isa prakAra hai, jisameM pUrvamantrokta rUpaka ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai : praNavo dhanuH zaro hyAtmA brahma tllkssymucyte| apramattena veddhavyaM zaravattanmayo bhvet|| arthAt, oMkAra hI dhanuSa hai, AtmA hI bANa hai, parabrahma paramezvara hI usakA lakSya kahA jAtA hai, vaha pramAdarahita manuSya dvArA hI bIMdhe jAne yogya hai| isalie, usake bedhane meM (lakSya ko prApta karane kI kriyA meM) lakSyaikatAna bANa ke samAna tanmaya ho jAnA caahie| lakSya ke prati isI tanmayatA kA varNana mahAbhArata meM bhI hai| dhanurvidyA ke zikSaNa ke krama meM AcArya droNa ne eka kRtrima cir3iyA banAkara U~ce vRkSa para rakha dI aura apane tejasvI ziSya arjuna se, lakSyavedha kI AjJA dekara bANa chor3ane se pUrva prazna kiyA ki isa samaya tumheM kyA-kyA 1. pUrI RcA isa prakAra hai : vakSyantI vedA ganIganti karNa priyaM sakhAyaM prisssvjaanaa| yoSeva ziGkte vitatAdhi dhanvajyA iyaM samane pArayantI // - yajurveda, 29.40 arthAt, strI jisa prakAra mAnoM kucha kahatI huI-sI kAna ke samIpa AtI aura apane priya sakhA-sadRza pati kA AliMgana karatI huI ekacitta ho karane yogya gRhasthokti kRtya putrotpatti Adi kAryoM ke pAra lagA detI hai, usI prakAra yaha dhanuSa kI DorI dhanuSa para kasI huI mAnoM kucha kahatI huI-sI kAna ke pAsa taka AtI hai aura apane priya mitra ke samAna dhanurdaNDa kA AliMgana karatI huI dhvani karatI hai aura vahI saMgrAma ke pAra lagA detI hai|

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vasadevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 223 vastue~ dikhAI par3atI haiN| taba, arjuna ne uttara diyA : "mujhe cir3iyA kI A~kha ko chor3akara aura kucha bhI nahIM dikhAI pdd'taa|" 'zaravattanmayo bhavet' kA yaha utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| yogazAstra meM bhI cittavRtti ko lakSya para kendrita karane ke krama meM yathAbhimata dhyAna ('yathAbhimatadhyAnAdvA'; samAdhipAda : 39) anivArya mAnA gayA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI, vasudeva tathA pUrNAza upAdhyAya kI ukti-pratyukti dvArA yogavidyA aura AyudhavidyA kI ekakriyatA kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa karate hue kahA hai : "karaNasahito puNa AyA kayapayatto cakkhidiya-soiMdiya-ghANidiyapautto lakkhadese cittaM niveseUNa hiyaicchiyamatyakajjaM samANeti (padmAlambha : pR. 202) / " arthAt, indriyasahita AtmA ko ceSTAzIla rakhakara, cakSurindriya, zrotrendriya evaM ghrANendriya kI ekatAnatA ke sAtha citta ko lakSya para lagAyA jAtA hai, to manovAMchita rUpa se astra-prayoga siddha hotA hai| yahA~ bhI bahazruta kathAkAra ne mokSasiddhi ke samAnAntara lakSyasiddhi ke lie upaniSad ke 'zaravattanmayo bhavet' yA yogazAstra kI dhyAnatanmayatA kI anivAryatA kA sabala samarthana kiyA hai| dhanurveda kI nirukti se bhI yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki dhanurvidyA samagra astravidyA kA vAcaka hai| 'dhanUMSi upalakSaNena dhanurAdIni astrANi vidyante jJAyante'neneti / ' 'dhanuH' pUrva 'vid' dhAtu se karaNa artha meM 'gha' pratyaya kA yoga hone se 'dhanurveda' zabda niSpanna huA hai| yahA~ upalakSaNa se, dhanuSa se itara astroM kA bhI bodha hotA hai| isa prakAra, viziSTa artha meM sampUrNa astravidyA ke bodhaka zAstra ko dhanurvidyA kahate haiM aura sAmAnya artha meM dhanuSa calAne ke kauzala kI jAnakArI denevAle viziSTa jJAna ko dhanurveda kahA jAtA hai| paM. dezabandhu vidyAlaMkAra ne likhA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM dhanurvidyA zabda itanA vyApaka thA ki pratyeka vIrocita kArya dhanurvidyA ke antargata samajhA jAtA thaa| dhanurvidyA zabda kI itanI adhika vyApakatA hI isa bAta kA sAkSya hai ki usa kAla meM dhanuSa-bANa kA bahuta adhika pracAra thaa| jaise lehya, coSya, caLa, peya, bhakSya, bhojya Adi sabhI padArtha 'bhojana' zabda se vyavahata hote haiM; kyoMki bhojana meM inhIM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, vaise hI usa kAla meM dhanurvidyA kA itanA adhika pracAra thA ki sabhI vIrocita zArIrika kRtya dhanurvidyA ke antargata samajhe jAte the, jinameM zastrAstra-vidyA ke sAtha mallavidyA bhI parigaNita thii| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI isI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para bANavidyA (dhanurveda) ke prazikSaNa ke krama meM samasta yuddhAstroM ke sIkhane kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / avantI janapada kI ujjayinI nagarI ke rAjA jitazatru kA sArathI amogharatha dhanurveda (iSvastra) ke sAtha hI usake aMgabhUta zastravidyA, rathayuddhavidyA, bAhuyuddha (Nijuddha = kuztI, mallavidyA) tathA azvasaMcAlana-vidyA meM bhI nipuNa thA ( "Isatyasatya-rahajuddha-nijuddha-turagaparikammakusalo amoharaho nAma nAmeNaM"; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 36) / saMyogavaza, amogharatha apane putra agaDadatta ko bacapana meM hI chor3akara cala bsaa| taba, rAjA jitazatru ne amogharatha kI jagaha amoghaprahArI ko sArathI ke sthAna para niyukta kiyaa| isase agaDadatta kI mA~ nirantara zokAgni meM jalatI-jhulasatI rahatI thii| eka dina usane apane beTe agaDadatta se batAyA ki yadi tumhAre pitA jIvita hote, to tuma bhI dhanurveda aura zastravidyA meM kuzala hote aura, amoghaprahArI kI jagaha tumhArI hI niyukti hotii| 1. dra. 'dhanurvidyA',pra. gurukula AryolA, barelI, pR. 12

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224 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA anta meM, apanI mA~ ke parAmarza ke anusAra, agaDadatta apane pitA ke sahAdhyAyI parama mitra dRr3haprahArI ke nikaTa dhanurveda aura zastravidyA sIkhane ke lie kauzAmbI calA gayA / dRr3haprahArI uttama sArathI hone ke sAtha hI dhanurveda aura zastravidyA kA pAragAmI vidvAn thaa| agaDadatta ne kauzAmbI pahu~cakara dRr3haprahArI ko 'dhanurveda, zastravidyA aura rathacaryA meM kuzala AcArya' kahakara sambodhita kiyaa| dRr3haprahArI ne use putravat sneha dete hue kahA : "maiMne jitanA zikSaNa prApta kiyA hai, utanA saba kucha tumheM bhI sikhaauuNgaa|" isake bAda zubha tithi, karaNa, nakSatra, dina aura muhUrta meM, zakunazAstrIya vidhi pUrI karake dRr3haprahArI ne agaDadatta ko dhanurveda kA prazikSaNa denA prArambha kiyaa| isa kathA-prasaMga se spaSTa hai ki dhanurveda ke jJAna meM sampUrNa Ayudhaveda kA jJAna samAhRta hai| sAtha hI, isameM samasta yuddhavidyA kI kalAoM kA parijJAna bhI nihita hai| isalie, prAcIna kAla ke rAjA vyAvahArika abhyAsapUrvaka dhanurveda par3hate the| usa yuga meM jo manuSya dhanurvidyA meM zreSTha hotA thA, vaha rAjasamAja meM prasiddha aura sammAnanIya vIra puruSa ke rUpa meM pUjA jAtA thaa| 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM budhasvAmI ne likhA hai ki vArANasI ke rAjA brahmadatta kA sabhAmaNDapa zruti, smRti, purANa Adi granthasAgara ke pAragAmI vidvAnoM se vibhUSita to thA hI, dhanurveda Adi ke tattvajJa aura kalAdakSa logoM se bhI suzobhita thaa|' 'rAmAyaNa', 'mahAbhArata' Adi prAcIna saMskRta-granthoM meM dhanurveda kA yatheSTa vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| 'hindI-vizvakoza' ke sampAdaka prAcyavidyAmahArNava nagendranAtha vasu ne carcA kI hai ki misradeza ke pirAmiDoM meM bhI dhanurdhArI vIroM kI atiprAcIna mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| grIsa aura roma ke prAcIna granthoM meM bhI dhanurvidyA kA samIcIna varNana milatA hai| kintu, itanA spaSTa hai ki suniyojita praNAlI ke sAtha dhanurvidyA ke zikSaNa kI paramparA kA pravartana bhAratavarSa meM hI huaa| pArasI meM jo dhanurveda kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai, vaha saMskRta-granthoM meM prApya tadviSayaka tathyoM kA anuvAda-mAtra hai| bhAratIya mAnyatA ke anusAra, Arya RSiyoM ne kSatriya rAjakumAroM ko sikhAne ke lie dhanurvidyA-viSayaka jina granthoM kA pracAra kiyA, ve hI dhanurveda ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| madhusUdana sarasvatI ne 'prasthAnabheda' grantha meM dhanurveda ko yajurveda kA upaveda kahA hai| nagendranAtha vasu ne pUrvakAla meM pracalita aneka dhanurvedoM kI carcA kI hai| prasiddha dhanurvedoM meM vaizampAyanokta dhanurveda kI mahIyasI pratiSThA thii| isake atirikta 'zukranIti', 'kAmandakanIti', 'agnipurANa', 'vIracintAmaNi', 'laghuvIracintAmaNi', 'vRddhazAMrgadhara', 'yuddhajayArNava', 'yuddhakalpataru', nItimayUkha' prabhRti granthoM meM bhI dhanurveda kA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra brAhmaNoM ke nikaTa veda, cikitsakoM ke nikaTa Ayurveda aura saMgItajJoM ke bIca gandharvaveda samAdRta thA, usI prakAra kSatriyoM dvArA dhanurveda ko samAdara diyA jAtA thaa| dhanurveda meM saiddhAntika jJAna ko jitanA mahattva prApta thA, utanA hI yA usase bhI adhika samAdara AbhyAsika yA vyAvahArika kriyA ko upalabdha thaa| ... 'agnipurANa' meM kahA gayA hai ki sarvaprathama brahmA aura mahezvara ne dhanurveda kA pracAra kiyaa| mahezvara svayaM mahAn dhanurdhara the| unake dhanuSa ke do nAma koza-prasiddha haiM : pinAka aura ajagava / isIlie unheM 'trizUlapANi' ke sAtha hI 'pinAkapANi' bhI kahA jAtA hai| viSNu kA dhanuSa 1. zrutismRtipurANAdigranthasAgarapAragaiH / dhanurvedAditattvajJaiH kalAdakSazca sevitam // (27.20)

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 225 zRMganirmita thA, isalie unake dhanuSa ko zAMrgadhanuSa kahA jAtA hai aura ve svayaM zAMrgapANi the / kahA jAtA hai ki mahezvara aura brahmA dvArA pracArita dhanurveda Ajakala lupta ho gayA hai / madhusUdana sarasvatI ke 'prasthAnabheda' ke anusAra, sarvaprathama vizvAmitra ne dhanurveda kA pravartana kiyA / 'mahAbhArata' ke dhanurdharoM meM arjuna tathA rAmAyaNa ke dhanurdharoM meM rAma aura lakSmaNa ke nAma hI adhika prAsaMgika haiM / arjuna to bAyeM hAtha se bhI dAyeM hAtha kI bhA~ti pUrI kSamatA ke sAtha apane prasiddha dhanuSa gANDIva ko khIMcate the, isIlie unheM 'savyasAcI' kahA gayA / ' 'mahAbhArata' meM jisa prakAra droNAcArya mahAn dhanurvedAcArya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiM, usI prakAra rAmAyaNa meM rAma-lakSmaNa ko dhanurveda kI zikSA denevAle vareNya AcArya ke rUpa meM vizvAmitra kI pratiSThA hai / pravidita hai ki vizvAmitra ne rAma aura lakSmaNa ko yuddhavidyAoM ke sAtha hI aneka yuddhAstra bhI diye the / 1 bhAratIya dhanurveda-granthoM meM dhanurveda yA Ayudhaveda ke cAra pAda kahe gaye haiM: dIkSApAda, saMgrahapAda, siddhipAda aura prayogapAda / dIkSApAda meM dhanuSa evaM vibhinna astra-zastroM ke lakSaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM; saMgrahapAda meM AcAryoM ke lakSaNa aura sarvavidha astra-zastra Adi ke saMgraha kA nirUpaNa hai; siddhipAda meM guru aura vibhinna sampradAyoM ke viziSTa siddhAstroM kI vivRti dI gaI hai tathA prayogapAda meM devArcanA, astrasiddhi tathA astrazastroM kI prayogavidhi nirUpita kI gaI hai / yoM to, brAhma, vaiSNava, pAzupata, prAjApatya, Agneya Adi bhedoM se Ayudha aneka prakAra ke haiM, aura usa samaya ke kSatriyakumAra samantra aura sAdhidaivata AyudhoM se sampanna hote the, arthAt unheM AyudhoM ke mantra tathA unake devatA siddha rahate the, sAtha hI padAti, rathI, gajArohI aura azvArohI, yAnI caturaMgiNI senA unakI anuvarttinI rahatI thii| astroM ke prazikSaNa yA prayoga kA prArambha maMgalAcArapUrvaka hI hotA thA / prAcIna dhanurvedajJoM ne AyudhoM ko pramukhatayA cAra vargoM meM rakhA hai: mukta, amukta, muktAmukta aura yntrmukt| mukta, yAnI pheMkakara prayoga kiye jAnevAle AyudhoM ko 'astra' tathA amukta, yAnI vA pheMkakara calAye jAnevAle AyudhoM ko 'zastra' kahA gayA hai| cakra muktAstra hai, to khaGga amukta zastra / bhAle aura barache ko 'muktAmukta' Ayudha mAnA gayA hai / kyoMki, inheM kabhI pheMkakara aura kabhI vinA pheMke hI prayoga meM lAyA jAtA hai / usa yuga meM dhanuSa se mukta bANa hI yantramukta astra kA pratinidhitva karatA thaa| nAlikAstra ( bandUka Adi) kA AviSkAra to usa yuga meM nahIM huA thA, kintu AgneyAstra ke rUpa meM agnibANa ke prayoga kA ullekha avazya milatA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI yantramukta aura pATi ka, ina do prakAra ke dhanurAyudhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ( dhammillahiNDI : pR. 36) / vaizampAyana ke dhanurveda se jJAta hotA hai ki sarvaprathama khaDga kA AviSkAra aura pracAra huA / pIche calakara veNaputra rAjA pRthu ke samaya meM dhanuSa kA pracalana prArambha huA / vRddhazAMrgadhara ne dhanuSa 1. mahAbhArata meM savyasAcI kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai : ubhau me dakSiNI pANI gANDIvasya vikarSaNe / tena devamanuSyeSu savyasAcIti mAM vidu : 11 (ApTe ke saMskRta-hindI-koza se uddhRta)

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226 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA - aura usake nirmANa kI prakriyA para gambhIra sUkSmekSikA se prakAza DAlA hai| unake anusAra dhanuSa do prakAra haiM : yaugika dhanuSa aura yuddhadhanuSa / sahaja saMcAlana ke yogya dhanuSa ko uttama dhanuSa mAnA jAtA thA / dhanurdhArI kI apekSA bhArI dhanuSa ko adhama kahA jAtA thA / adhama dhanuSa se lakSyabhraSTa ho jAne kI sambhAvanA rahatI thii| 'yuktikalpataru' ke mata se yuddhadhanuSa ke do prakAra the : zAMrga aura vaiNava / zRMganirmita dhanuSa ko zAMrga aura veNu yA bA~sa se bane dhanuSa ko vaiNava kahA gayA hai| vaizampAyana ke anusAra, zAMrga dhanuSa tIna jagaha se jhukA huA hotA thA aura vaiNava dhanuSa meM jhukAva barAbara krama se rahatA thaa| paurANika anuzruti ke anusAra, viSNu ke zAMrga dhanuSa ko vizvakarmA ne banAyA thA, jo sAta bittA lambA thaa| aba yaha dhanuSa duSprApya ho gayA hai| azvArohI aura gajArohI ke kAma meM AnevAlA dhanuSa sAr3he chaha bittA lambA hotA thA / tIna, pA~ca, sAta aura nau gA~ThoMvAlA dhanuSa uttama aura cAra, chaha tathA ATha gA~ThoMvAlA dhanuSa adhama mAnA gayA hai| bahuta purAne, kacce tathA ghise cikane bA~sa kA dhanuSa hI uttama hotA thA / 'agnipurANa' meM dhanuSa kI nirmANa praNAlI, usakI AkRti saMracanA tathA takanIkI sUkSmatAoM para vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tadanusAra, cAra hAtha kA dhanuSa uttama, sAr3he tIna hAtha kA madhyama aura tIna hAtha kA adhama mAnA gayA hai / 'agnipurANa' meM 'upalakSepaka' (gulela) kI bhI carcA hai / yaha bhI dhanuSAkRti hotA hai, jisakI caur3I jyA para patthara yA miTTI kI sUkhI golI rakhakara prakSepaNa kiyA jAtA hai / 'agnipurANa' ke mata se dhanuSa kI DorI pATa kI hotI thI, jo moTAI meM kaniSThikApramANa aura sarvataH samAna rahatI thii| bA~sa kI, mahIna lambI karacI se bhI jyA kA nirmANa hotA thA / pazucarma se bhI pratyaMcA banAI jAtI thI, jo prAya: hiraNa, bhaiMse, gAya, baila, bakare Adi kI khAla se taiyAra kI jAtI thI / akavana kI sUkhI chAla aura mUrvAlatA kI bhI DorI prAcIna kAla meM adhika pracalita thI / usa yuga meM dhanuSa ke sAtha hI, tIra ke nirmANa meM paryApta vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa apanAyA yA thaa| tIra havA kATatA huA, sIdhe jAkara lakSya kA vedha kare, etadartha usameM paMkha bhI lagAyA jAtA thA / ye paMkha prAyaH kAka, haMsa, mayUra, krauMca, vaka aura cIla pakSiyoM ke hote the / vRddhazAMrgadhara ne tIra ke phala ke kaI AkAra batAye haiN| jaise : ArAmukha, kSurapra, gopuccha, arddhacandra, sUcImukha, bhalla, vatsadanta, dvibhalla, karNika, kAkatuNDa aadi| karNika tIra ke zarIra meM ghusane para usakA bAhara nikalanA bar3A kaThina hotA thaa| lauhakaNTaka phala zarIra meM tIna aMgula cheda kara detA thA / phala meM vajralepa kA vidhAna bhI pracalita thA / vRddhazargadhara ne to vajralepa kA nuskhA bhI diyA hai : pIpala, seMdhAnamaka aura kUTha tInoM auSadhiyoM ko gAya ke mUtra meM pIseM auSadhakalka ko zara meM lagAkara use agnidagdha kareM, phira tela meM Dubo deN| isase bANa meM vizeSa zakti A jAyagI / isa prasaMga kA vizeSa varNana 'bRhatsaMhitA' meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai / lohe kA sampUrNa bANa 'nArAca' kahalAtA thaa|' 'agnipurANa' tathA anyAnya dhanurvedoM meM bANa chor3ane ke kaI niyama batAye gaye haiN| jaise: samapada, vaizAkha, maNDala, AlIDha, pratyAlIDha, daNDa, vikaTa, sampuTa svastika, nizcala Adi / ye saba sthitiyA~ dhanurdhara ke khar3e hone kI haiN| dhanuryuddha 1. sarvalohamayA vANA nArAcAste prakIrttitAH / - agnipurANa

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 227 meM khar3e rahane kI prakriyAoM kI bhA~ti dhanuSa-bANa pakar3ane kI bhI kaI paddhatiyA~ pracalita thiiN| zAstrakAroM ne inheM mukhyata: do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai : guNamuSTi aura dhanurdaNDamuSTi / guNamuSTi ke pA~ca bheda kahe gaye haiM : patAkA, vajra, siMhakarNa, matsarI aura kAkatuNDI / puna: dhanurmuSTi ke bhI tIna bheda batAye gaye haiM : adha:sandhAna, UrdhvasandhAna aura samasandhAna / bANa ke dUranikSepa ke lie adhaHsandhAna kiyA jAtA thA aura dRr3hatara AsphoTa ke lie UrdhvasandhAna evaM nizcala lakSya ke lie samasandhAna upayukta mAnA jAtA thaa| prAcIna yuga meM zarAkarSaNa kI praNAlI bhI adbhuta thii| pratyaMcA ko kAna taka khIMca le AnA 'arddhacandrAkAra AkarSaNa' kahalAtA thA; keza taka 'kaizika', zRMga (vakSa) taka 'zAMrgika', karNa taka 'vatsakarNa', grIvA taka 'bharata' aura kandhe taka pratyaMcA kA AkarSaNa 'skandha' kahA jAtA thaa| vaizampAyana ne isa prasaMga kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| tIra dvArA vedhanIya vastu ko 'lakSya' yA 'zaravya' kahate haiN| yuddha ke samaya aneka prakAra ke lakSyabheda karane par3ate the| kabhI cakra ke samAna ghUmatI huI vastu ko lakSya banAnA par3atA thA, to kabhI vAyuvega se daur3atI huI vastu ko| vaizampAyana, zAMrgadhara Adi ne cAra prakAra ke lakSya nirdhArita kiye haiM : sthira, cala, calAcala, dvycl| sthira rahakara sthira vastu para lakSya-sandhAna karanA 'sthiravedha' kahA jAtA thA; AcArya ke upadezAnusAra, sthira bhAva se khar3A rahakara cala vastu para lakSya kA sandhAna karanA 'calavedha' mAnA jAtA thA; ghor3e para ghUma-ghUmakara cala aura acala vastuoM ko apane lakSya kA viSaya banAne ko 'calAcalavedha' kahate the aura vedhya tathA dhanurdhArI donoM jaba prabala vega se ghUma rahe hoM, aisI sthiti meM cala lakSya kA vedha karanA 'dvayacala' kahalAtA thaa| sATha dhanu, arthAt 240 hAtha kI dUrI se lakSyavedha karanA uttama mAnA jAtA thA; cAlIsa dhanu, arthAt 160 hAtha kI dUrI se lakSyavedha karanA madhyama aura bIsa dhanu, arthAt assI hAtha kI dUrI se lakSyavedha karanA adhama kahA jAtA thaa| tAtparya yaha ki jo dhanurdhara jitanI adhika dUrI se lakSyavedha karane meM saphala hotA thA, vaha utanA hI adhika uttama koTi kA lakSyavedhaka samajhA jAtA thaa| kAlidAsa ne cala lakSya para bANa kI saphalatA ko dhanurdhAriyoM kA utkarSa mAnA hai : 'utkarSaH sa ca dhanvinAM yadiSava: sidhyanti lakSye cale ('abhijJAnazAkuntala', 2.5) / ' 'raghuvaMza' meM rAma aura lakSmaNa ke dhanuSoM ke TaMkAra kA varNana aura 'abhijJAnazAkuntala' meM duSyanta ke yuddhakauzala kA citraNa siddha karatA hai ki kAlidAsa ko dhanurvidyA kI acchI jAnakArI thii| sambhava hai, saMghadAsagaNI para kAlidAsa ke dhanurvarNana kA prabhAva par3A ho| prAcIna dhanurvedajJoM ne dhanuSa ke prazikSaNa kA samaya-nirdhAraNa bhI kara diyA hai| sUryodaya ke samaya pazcima kI ora, aparAhya meM pUrva kI ora, sUryAsta ke samaya uttara kI ora evaM yuddhakAla ke atirikta aura dUsare samaya meM dakSiNa kI ora zarAbhyAsa karanA caahie| puruSapramANa, arthAt sAr3he tIna hAtha U~cA candravat golAkAra kASThaphalaka meM lakSyavedha kA prazikSaNa prazasta mAnA gayA hai|' 1. dhanurveda-sambandhI viziSTa tathyoM kI jAnakArI ke lie nimnAMkita sandarbha-grantha draSTavya haiM : (ka) hindI-vizvakoza : zrInagendranAtha vasu (kha) hindI-vizvakoza : pra. kAzI-nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI (ga) dhanurvidyA' : paM. dezabandhu vidyAlaMkAra, gurukula AryolA, barelI

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228 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'rAmAyaNa' aura 'mahAbhArata' meM kaI sthaloM para zabdavedhI bANa kA ullekha huA hai| rAjA dazaratha zabdavedhI bANa calAne meM kuzala the aura arjuna ko bhI zabdavedhI bANa kA vizeSajJa mAnA jAtA thaa| yahA~taka ki 'zabdavedhI' zabda arjuna aura dazaratha kA paryAyavAcI bana gayA hai| zabdavedhI bANa kA abhyAsa bar3A kaThina hotA thaa| uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhArata meM AdikAla se hI dhanurveda kA pracalana, priyatA aura prakhyAti rahI hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, vizeSataH usake 'dhammillahiNDI' prakaraNa meM dhanurveda yA Ayudhaveda kA jo varNana kiyA hai, usase unake prAcyabhAratIya dhanurveda-vidyA ke sUkSmAtisUkSma tathyoM ke vizada aura gambhIra jJAna kI sUcanA milatI hai| yahA~ saMghadAsagaNI kI Ayudhaveda-vidyA kI vizeSatA kA vivecana bhAratIya prAcIna dhanurvidyA ke pariprekSya meM prAsaMgika hogaa| kathAkAra ne bhAratIya prAcIna dhanurveda ke AdhAra para apane varNya ko vistAra to diyA hI hai, kahIM-kahIM unakI etadviSayaka udAtta kalpanA kI ramaNIyatA aura camatkAritA tato'dhika hRdayAvarjaka ho uThI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne dhanurveda kI zikSA prArambha karane kA zAstrIya vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| dRDhaprahArI ne agaDadatta ko dhanurveda kA prazikSaNa dene ke krama meM pahale bANa ko khIMcane kI prakriyA batAI / phira, pA~ca prakAra kI dhanurmuSTi (dhanuSa ko pakar3ane kI kalA : guNamuSTi ke pA~ca bheda) kA upadeza kiyaa| isake bAda hI, zreSTha dhanurdhara ko jItane kI zakti agaDadatta ko prApta ho gii| muSTibandha kI kuzalatA bhI use upalabdha ho gii| phira, zIghra lakSyavedha meM aura lakSyavedha ke samaya khar3e hone kI vidhiyoM (samapAda, vaizAkha, maNDala, AlIDha Adi) meM bhI usane dakSatA Ayatta kara lI, sAtha hI vaha dRDha prahAra kI kSamatA se bhI sampanna ho gyaa| puna: pATitaka (vidArita karanevAlA) aura yantramukta, ina do prakAra ke dhanurAyudhoM kI bhI zikSA pUrI huI / tadanantara, aura bhI anyAnya, zikSakopadiSTa zastravidhiyoM, jaise tarupatana (bANa se per3a girAnA), chedya, bhedya, yantrAstra aura sphArakAstra (TaMkArayukta astra) ke saMcAlana, (rathacaryA-vidhi) Adi kA sAMgopAMga prazikSaNa pUrA huA (agaDadattacarita : pR. 36) / agaDadatta kI vidyA jaba siddha ho gaI, taba vaha ujjayinI lauTa AyA aura guru kI AjJA pAkara apanI zikSA ke pradarzana ke lie jitazatru ke rAjadarabAra meM upasthita huaa| vahA~ usane, khaDga aura DhAla kA saMcAlana, hAthI kA khelAnA, ghUmate hue cakra kA vedha (arthAt, calavedha), gatizIla lakSya kA gatizIla hokara vedha (arthAta. drayacalavedha) pracaNDa havA meM kA~pate hae lakSya kA vedha (arthAt calAcalavedha) Adi jitanI dhanurvidyAe~ usane sIkhI thIM, una sabako yathAvat pradarzita kiyaa| sabhI prekSaka vismita aura hatabuddhi hokara agaDadatta ke dhanuH kauzala ko dekhate aura usakI prazaMsA karate rhe| ___ yahA~ saMghadAsagaNI ne vaizampAyana tathA vRddhazAMrgadhara-prokta lakSyavedha-vidhiyoM kI ora saMketa to kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI apane dhanurveda-viSayaka gahana adhyayana ke AdhAra para aura bhI aneka zastrAstroM aura unakI saMcAlana-vidhiyoM tathA hAthI ke khelAne kI vidhi kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai| isase, yaha spaSTa hai ki purAkAla ke sArathI ko vyApaka dhanurveda-jJAna arjita karanA anivArya hotA thA aura vaha kevala sArathI hI nahIM hotA thA, apitu sampUrNa yuddhavidyA meM pAraMgata aparAjeya yoddhA kI bhUmikA kA bhI nirvAha karatA thaa| tabhI to agaDadatta rAjA jitazatru ke rAjya meM, apane sArathI pitA kI gaddI hAsila karane meM saphala huaa|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 229 dAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita astra-zastra aura yathAcarcita yuddhavidyA ke vihaMgAvalokana se unake Ayuveda-viSayaka zAstrIya parijJAna para cakita camatkRta raha jAnA par3atA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ke yuga meM cora seMdhamArI bhI karate the aura isa kArya ke lie ve suvidhApUrvaka seMdha lagAne lAyaka, bhavana ke bhUmibhAga ko pahacAna kara vahA~ 'ArAmukha naharanI' se seMdha lagAte the : "tassa ya ArAmuheNa naharaNeNaM saMdhi chiMdiraM payatto suhacchedabhUmibhAge niviTTho"; (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 40) / seMdha kA dvAra itanA bar3A hotA thA ki cora usameM praveza karake dhana se bharI bar3I-bar3I peTikAe~ bAhara nikAla le jAte the / vibhinna astra-zastroM ke sAtha hI lAThI calAne kI prakriyA meM kuzalatA bhI usa yuga meM anivArya thI / dhammilla jaba kamalasenA aura vimalasenA ko ratha para le jA rahA thA, tabhI rAste meM use kucha cora mile, jo talavAra, DhAla, bhAlA Adi zastrAstroM se susajjita the / unake hAtha meM khaGga aura phalaka (talavAra aura DhAla) ke alAvA zakti aura tomara nAma ke do prakAra ke bhAle bhI the / isakA pUrA rucikara prasaMga isa prakAra citrita hai : zastrAstradhArI cora aneka dezoM kI bhASAe~ bola rahe the ('NANAvihadesabhAsAvisArae; tatraiva : pR. 55) / ve bar3e vega se dhammilla ke sAmane aaye| coroM ko dekhakara kamalasenA aura vimalasenA kA~pane lagIM / dhammilla ne unheM Azvasta kiyA aura vaha rAste para morcebandI karake khar3A ho gyaa| DhAla aura bhAlA liye cora jaba nikaTa A gaye, taba dhammilla ne eka cora ko eka hI lAThI ke prahAra se girA diyA aura usake bhAle aura DhAla chIna liye| dhammilla ko 'gRhItAyudha' dekhakara yuddhakuzala coroM ne usapara sahasA AkramaNa kara diyA / dhammilla DhAla ke prayoga kI kalA meM nipuNa rahane ke kAraNa coroM ke bIca meM ghusakara mAra karane lgaa| cora cAroM ora bikhara gaye aura DhAla, zakti aura tomara jaise viziSTa AyudhoM ko chor3akara bhAga khar3e hue| taba, unakA senApati garajatA huA AyA, jise jitendriya dhammilla ne mAyAbala se yantra kI bhA~ti ghumAyA aura dA~va dekhakara eka hI bhAle ke prahAra se mA giraayaa| senApati ko marate dekha zeSa sabhI cora bhAga gye| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke do prasiddha vIra pAtra dhammilla aura agaDadatta ko dhanurveda yA Ayudhaveda-vidyA ke pAragAmI yoddhA ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA hai / dhammilla sArathI kI vidyA meM kuzala to thA hI, khaDga ke saMcAlana meM bhI bar3A nipuNa thA / eka dina dhammilla rAjA kapila ke tejasvI ghor3e ko pherane ke lie taiyAra huA / azvaparicArakoM ne ghor3e ko lagAma, jIna Adi se sajjita kiyA / dhammilla phuratI se mAnoM pakSI kI taraha ur3akara anAyAsa hI ghor3e para car3ha gyaa| usane, rathacaryA meM kuzala hone ke kAraNa, ghor3e ke svabhAva ko pahacAna liyA thA, isalie use vibhinna rIti se pherakara apanA vazavarttI banA liyA / ghor3A Ubar3a-khAbar3a bhUmi ko pAra karake kanakabAlukA nadI ke nikaTa jAkara apane mana se khar3A ho gayA / dhammilla ghor3e se utarA tathA usane use lagAma, jIna Adi se mukta karake vidA kara diyA aura svayaM dakSiNa kI ora cala pdd'aa| kanakabAlukA nadI ke pradeza ko pAra karane para use per3a se laTakatI, kamala ke koSa meM AvRta, maNikhacita mUThavAlI, citra-vicitra hAra jaisI talavAra dikhAI pdd'ii| cAroM ora dekhakara usane per3a se talavAra utAra lI aura use myAna se bAhara nikaalaa| tIsI ke phUla kI bhA~ti nIlAbha, tila ke tela kI dhArA jaisI cikanI vaha talavAra adbhuta thI / apanI camaka se vaha ghUmatI-sI pratIta hotI thI, apane halakepana (jo kisI bhI astra kA viziSTa

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230 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA guNa- hotA hai) ke kAraNa ur3atI-sI mAlUma hotI thI aura kauMdhatI bijalI kI taraha duSprekSya hote hue bhI darzanIya 1 yaha sAmAnya asi nahIM, apitu 'asiratna' thA / ise dekhakara dhammilla vismita raha gayA / talavAra kI parIkSA ke khayAla se dhammilla ne use kasakara muTThI se pakar3A aura ghane purAne vaMzagulma para calA diyA / kele ke dhar3a kI bhA~ti vaMzagulma ke Tukar3e ho gaye / talavAra kI tIkSNatA dekhakara dhammilla vismayAbhibhUta raha gayA (tatraiva : pR. 67) / spaSTa hai ki vIra puruSa talavAra ko vyavahAra meM lAne ke nimitta usakI pUrvaparIkSA karate the / isa prakAra kI khaDgaparIkSA kI kathA vimalasUri ne 'paumacariya' meM bhI kiyA / rAma jaba daNDakAraNya pahu~ce, taba vahA~ eka dina lakSmaNa ko eka talavAra milii| rAma ne usakI zaktiparIkSA ke lie usase jhuramuTa para vAra kiyA thaa| ke prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya meM prAyaH sarvatra talavAra ko, rUpa-raMga kI dRSTi se, nIlotpala yA atasIpuSpa sadRza nIlAbha batAyA gayA hai| yaha uttama talavAra ke lakSaNa ko abhivyakta karatA hai| prAcIna saMskRta-sAhitya meM bhI talavAra vIra rasa kI jananI mAnI gaI hai| vIra rasa kI puSTi ke lie nAyaka kA talavAra kI mUTha paraM hAtha rakhanA anivArya hotA thA / kintu, saMghadAsagaNI kI talavAra -viSayaka parikalpanA kI dvitIyatA kadAcit durlabha hogI / saMghadAsagaNI ne aneka prakAra ke prAcIna zastrAstroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| gadA, purAkAla ke yuddha meM pracalita pramukha Ayudha thii| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI prasaMga AyA hai ki siMhapura ke rAjA siMharatha se yuddha karate samaya vasudeva ne usake ratha ke ghor3oM ko sArathI - sahita bedha DAlA thA aura unake yuddha-sahayogI kaMsa ne gadA ke prahAra se usake ratha kI dhurI kA agrabhAga tor3a DAlA thA ('kaMseNa ya se phalihappahAreNa rahadhurAtuMDaM bhaggaM; zyAmA- vijayAlambha : pR. 119) / arddhacandra aura ArAmukha to usa kAla ke pramukha Ayudha the; kyoMki saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bar3e Agraha ke sAtha inakI carcA kI AvRtti kI hai / dhanurveda prazikSita agaDadatta, jaba apanI preyasI zyAmadattA ko sAtha lekara, ratha para apanA deza (kauzAmbI se ujjayinI) lauTa rahA thA, tabhI rAste meM use yAtrA kI nirvighnatA ke lie aneka zastrAstroM ke prayoga karane par3e / pahale to sAmane upasthita AkramaNodyata matavAle hAthI ke kumbha para usane tIna bANa chodd'e| hAthI joroM se cigghAr3atA aura taruzAkhAoM ko tor3atA huA bhAga niklaa| ratha ke kucha dUra Age bar3hane para eka bhayAnaka sA~pa dekhakara zyAmadattA bhayatrasta ho uThI / ghor3e aura ratha kI AvAja sunakara sA~pa krodhAbhibhUta ho uThA thA / agar3adatta ne arddhacandra ( vRddhazAMrgadhara - prokta bANa - vizeSa ) se usakA phana kATa ddaalaa| spaSTa hai ki arddhacandra vedhyAstra na hokara chedyAstra thA / sA~pa ke marane ke bAda eka bhayAnaka vyAghra rAste meM A khar3A huA / taba agaDadatta ne usake mu~ha para pA~ca bANa chodd'e| usa bhayaMkara bANa - prahAra se vaha bhI bhAga khar3A huA / usake bAda coroM kA eka dala vighna banakara sAmane aayaa| sabhI cora aneka zastrAstroM aura kavacoM se laisa the / unhoMne agaDadatta ko cAroM ora se ghera liyaa| agaDadatta astra-zastra ke saMcAlana meM bar3A nipuNa thA / usane bar3e kauzala se bANa chor3anA zurU kiyaa| zaraprahAra se vitrAsita cora idhara-udhara bhAgane lge| tabhI coroM ko Azvasta karatA huA unakA senApati arjuna rathaprahAra ke yogya

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 231 bhUmibhAga para A ddttaa| vaha ghor3e para savAra thaa| agaDadatta ne apane ratha ko arjuna ke sAmane lA bhidd'aayaa| donoM paraspara bANoM kA prahAra karate hue jUjhane lge| taba, agaDadatta ne socA ki sAmAnya vidhi se arjuna ko jItanA sambhava nahIM hai; kyoMki arjuna bhI rathayuddha meM bar3A kuzala thaa| usake bAda agaDadatta ko 'astrazAstra' meM kahI gaI viziSTa vidhi kA smaraNa ho AyA : "viseseNa mAyAe satyeNa ya haMtavvo appaNo vivaDDamANo sattu' ti; (tatraiva : pR. 45) / arthAt, jaba zatru adhika balazAlI pratIta ho, taba vaisI sthiti meM vizeSa prakAra kI mAyA (chala) ke prayogapUrvaka zastra se usakA vinAza karanA caahie| 'astrazAstra' ke isI siddhAnta ke anusAra, agaDadatta ne sarvAlaMkAra-vibhUSita zyAmadattA se adhovastra ko DhIlA karake ratha ke agale hisse para baiThane ko khaa| vaha cora senApati zyAmadattA ke rUpayauvana ke vilAsa se vismita ho gayA aura ekaTaka use hI dekhatA raha gyaa| agaDadatta ne cora-senApati ko asAvadhAna dekhakara nIlotpalasadRza ArAmukha (vRddhazArgadha-prokta bANa-vizeSa) se usake stanapradeza (chAtI) para prahAra kiyaa| usake bAda vaha (arjuna) ghor3e se utarakara "maiM yuddha meM strImukha dekhate rahane se, kAma ke bANa se mArA gayA" kahate hue mara gyaa| apane senApati ko marA huA dekhakara zeSa sabhI cora bhAga gye| isa prasaMga se yaha spaSTa hai ki purAkAla ke dhanurdhara astrayuddha meM chala se bhI apane atizaya balI pratipakSiyoM ko vinaSTa kara DAlate the| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA nirdiSTa yaha chalayuddha bhI apane-ApameM adbhuta aura vismayakArI hai, sAtha hI agaDadatta kI alokasAmAnya pratyutpannamatiyukta yuddhacAturI kI ora bhI saMketa karatA hai| isake atirikta, isase kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI apUrva kalpanA kI parA kASThA bhI sUcita hotI hai| navama azvasenAlambha meM bhI saMghadAsagaNI ne yuddhAstroM ke varNana ke krama meM tIkSNa khaDga aura zakti ke sAtha hI kunta (bhAle) aura nArAca (sampUrNa lauhamaya bANa) kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| punaH caudahaveM madanavegAlambha meM tAmasa astra kI carcA AI hai| kathA hai ki trizekhara aura daNDavega jaba eka dUsare para bANoM kI varSA karate hue paraspara jUjhane lage, taba trizekhara ne tAmasa astra kA nikSepa kiyA, phalataH cAroM ora andhakAra chA gyaa| mAyAvI trizekhara, apane astroM ke chinna-bhinna ho jAne para kupita ho uThA aura jisa prakAra megha parvata ko Dhaka letA hai, usI prakAra bANoM kI varSA karatA huA vaha AyA aura garaja uThA : "o vIra ! samprati apanI rakSA kro|" taba, daNDavega ne bhI astracAlana kI kuzalatA kA pradarzana prArambha kiyaa| antarikSa meM indradhanuSa ke ugane se jaise varSA ruka jAtI hai, vaise hI daNDavega ne apane razmiraMjita bANoM se trizekhara kI bANavarSA ko vyartha kara diyaa| taba, trizekhara ne daNDavega ke vadha ke lie svarNakhacita 'svastika bANa' kA nikSepa kiyaa| isa prakAra, usake dvArA pheMke gaye astroM ko daNDavega rokatA rhaa| phiraM, daNDavega ne apane amogha astroM se trizekhara ke marmadeza meM prahAra kiyaa| phalataH, vaha chinnarajju indradhvaja kI bhA~ti aceta hokara dharatI para gira par3A (pR. 246) / satrahaveM bandhumatIlambha meM bhI rAjA jitazatru ke mantrI dvArA upadiSTa naraka ke varNana ke krama meM saMghadAsagaNI ne aneka zastrAstroM kA ullekha kiyA hai / avadhijJAna ke kAraNa pUrvajanma ke vairAnubandha kA smaraNa ho Ane se narakavAsI eka dUsare ko dekhakara bhAlA, lAThI, gulela, tIra, mUsala Adi

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232 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA astra-zastra vikurvita kara paraspara prahAra karate haiN| asipatravana nAmaka naraka meM to nArakI jIva tIkhI talavAra aura trizUla jaise patte ke cAroM ora cakkara kATate haiM (pR. 271) / / ___eka bAra megharatha devodyAna kI ora niklaa| tabhI, bahuta sAre bhUta vahA~ aaye| ve apane hAthoM meM talavAra, trizUla, bhAlA, bANa, mudgara (gadA) aura pharasA liye hue the (ketumatIlambha : pR. 336) / vRddhazAMrgadharokta 'kSurapra' bANa kI carcA bhI saMghadAsagaNI ne kI hai| vajrAyudha ke astrAgAra meM cakraratna nAma kA astra utpanna huA thA, jise eka hajAra yakSa sa~bhAlate the| cakraratna, cakravartI rAjAoM ko digvijaya karate samaya mArganirdeza (upAyanirdeza) bhI karatA thaa| kumAra vajrAyudha ne cakraratla dvArA nirdezita mArga (upAya) kA anusaraNa karate hue sampUrNa maMgalAvatI vijaya ko jIta liyA thaa| cakravartI rAjA bharata ke AyudhAgAra meM bhI cakraratna utpanna huA thA aura usane unakA, digvijaya ke krama meM, mArganirdezana kiyA thA (tatraiva : pR. 330) lakSmaNa ne devatAdhiSThita cakra se hI rAmaNa kA vadha kiyA thA, aura rAmaNa ke vadha ke bAda vaha cakra lakSmaNa ke pAsa lauTa AyA thA (madanavegAlambha : pR. 245) / pratyeka cakravartI ke astrAgAra meM cakrarala ke utpanna hone kI paramparA thI / adhInastha vidyAdhara apane rAjA kI AjJA se AyudhoM kI varSA bhI karate the| sabhI zastrAstra prAyaH devatAdhiSThita hote the| subhauma kI dRSTi par3ate hI rAma (parazurAma) kA pharasA zithila par3a gayA thA aura pharase meM adhiSThita deva nikala bhAge the (tatraiva : pR. 239) / kabhI-kabhI lakSyabhraSTa ho jAne para bANa apane dhanurdhara ke pAsa lauTa bhI AtA thaa| cedinagara ke rAjA vasu ke rAjya meM, eka bAra eka vyAdha ne jaMgala meM mRga mArane kI icchA se bANa chodd'aa| kintu, mRga AkAzasphaTika patthara (netrendriya kI apekSA sparzendriya se jAnane yogya pAradarzI cAmatkArika patthara) kI Ar3a meM khar3A thaa| phalataH, mRga ko na bedha sakane ke kAraNa bANa vyAdha ke pAsa lauTa AyA (somazrIlambha : pR. 190) / saMghadAsagaNI ne zabdavedhI bANa kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| bhUtacaitanyavAdI dArzanika indriyoM ko hI AtmA mAnate haiM, kintu AtmavAdI dArzanika indriyoM se AtmA ko bhinna mAnate haiN| isI dArzanika prasaMga ke vivecana ke krama meM kathAkAra ne kahA hai ki "zabda sunakara cakSurindriya ke viSaya rUpa para koI zabdavedhI bANa nahIM chor3atA ('sadaM ca soUNa cakkhu visae sahavehI na rUve saraM NivAejja'; padmAlambha : pR. 203) / " zabda yA AvAja ko lakSya kara bANa chor3anA aura ThIka-ThIka lakSyavedha karanA bar3I kaThina sAdhanA kA kAma thaa| . saMghadAsagaNI kI kathA ke anusAra, vidyAdhara, astra ke rUpa meM nAgapAza kA bhI prayoga karate the| brAhmaNa-paramparA ke 'mahAbhArata', 'rAmAyaNa' tathA purANagranthoM meM brahmapAza evaM nAgapAza kA bhUrizaH ullekha huA hai| brahmapAza, brahmazakti se paricAlita pAza (bandhana-vizeSa) thaa| yaha brahmA dvArA adhiSThita astravizeSa thaa| rAvaNa se prerita hokara meghanAda ne hanumAn para brahmapAza yA brahmAstra kA prayoga kiyA thaa| hanumAn meM brahmAstra kI avahelanA kI bhI kSamatA thI, kintu usakI apAra mahimA ke miTa jAne kI AzaMkA se unhoMne usakI mahimA ko mAna liyA thaa| brahmabANa se jaba hanumAn mUrcchita ho gaye, taba meghanAda uneko nAgapAza se bA~dhakara azokavATikA se rAvaNa ke darabAra meM le gayA thaa| nAgapAza mUlataH bA~dhanevAlA astra thA / aisA bhI kahA jAtA hai ki yaha nAgakA pAza (phandA) thA / nAga yA sA~pa ko hI astra banAkara zatruoM ko bA~dhane ke lie pheMkA jAtA thaa| ise varuNa kA astra mAnA gayA hai / isake phande meM DhAI phere hote the| kozakAra ApTe ne ise varuNa

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 233 kA zastra yA yuddha meM zatruoM ko pha~sAne ke lie prayukta honevAlA eka prakAra kA 'jAdU kA jAla' kahA hai / vidyAdhara, isa jAdUI jAla ke prayoga meM bar3e nipuNa the / solahaveM bAlacandrAlambha (pR. 251) meM kathA hai ki vasudeva ko azokavRkSa ke nIce zyAmala zilA para baiThI svarNanirmita devI jaisI kanyA bAlacandrA nAgapAza se ba~dhI dikhAI par3I thii| vidyA kI sAdhanA se bhraSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa hI vaha nAgapAza meM ba~dha gaI thii| vidyAdhara nAgarAja dharaNa ke zApadoSa se hI vaha nAgapAza meM Abaddha huI thI, jo saMjayanta muni ke samaya se hI, pA~ca nadiyoM kI saMgamabhUmi para sthita varuNodikA nadI ke taTa para vidyAdharoM kI vidyAsAdhanA kI bhUmi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita sImAnara parvata para vidyA kI sAdhanA kara rahI thI / nAgapAza kI carcA ikkIsaveM ketumatIlambha (pR. 330) meM bhI AI hai| kathA hai ki eka dina sudarzanA nAma kI gaNikA vasantakAla meM, phUla kI DaliyA hAtha meM lekara vajrAyudha ke pAsa pahu~cI aura una phUloM ko dikhalAtI huI usase bolI : "deva ! devI lakSmImatI nivedana karatI hai ki svAmI ! 'suranipAta' udyAna meM vasantazrI kA anubhava karane caleM / " kumAra vajrAyudha sAta sau rAniyoM ke sAtha nikalA aura udyAnasthita 'priyadarzanA' nAma kI bAvalI meM sabake sAtha jalakrIr3A karane lgaa| kumAra ko jalakrIr3A ke krama meM ratiprasakta jAnakara vadha ke vairI vidyuddaMSTra ne usa vajrAyudha kumAra ke Upara pahAr3a girA diyA aura sudRr3ha nAgapAza se use bAMdha diyaa| usa upasarga ko dekhakara bhI kumAra vajrAyudha nirbhIka banA rahA aura pahAr3a ko bhedakara tathA sudRr3ha nAgapAza ko tor3akara bAhara nikala AyA / vidyAdhara- kumAriyA~ bhI AvazyakatAvaza astra dhAraNa karatI thiiN| eka dina vajrAyudha vipula ratnoM se maNDita sabhA meM battIsa hajAra rAjAoM se ghirA huA tathA zIrSarakSaka (aMgarakSaka), purohita, mantrI aura mahAmantrI ke bIca apane siMhAsana para baiThA thaa| usI samaya tharathara kAMpatA huA aura bhaya se utpanna ghighiyAhaTa ke sAtha 'zaraNa deM, zaraNa deM, kahatA huA eka vidyAdhara rAjA vajrAyudha ke pAsa pahu~cA / usI kSaNa usakA pIchA karatI huI talavAra aura DhAla hAtha meM liye, lalita aura lacIlI dehayaSTivAlI koI vidyAdharakumArI AI aura usake pIche gadA hAtha meM liye eka vidyAdhara pahu~cA (tatraiva) | ikkIsaveM ketumatIlambha (pR. 313) meM hI, tripRSTha aura azvagrIva kI yuddhakathA ke prasaMga meM, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'sahasrAracakra' nAmaka eka adbhuta astra kA ullekha kiyA hai / jaba azvagrIva ne tripRSTha ke yuddha kA AmantraNa svIkAra kara liyA, taba donoM kI senAe~ prekSaka ke rUpa meM khar3I ho giiN| jora-jora se cillAte hue vyantara devajAti ke RSivAdita aura bhUtavAdita devoM se AkAza AcchAdita ho gayA / tripRSTha aura azvagrIva jUjhane lage / vyantaradeva tripRSTha (kezava ke pratirUpa) ke ratha para puSpavarSA karane lage / vidyAdhara- nareza azvagrIva tripRSTha ke vadha ke lie jina astroM ko chor3atA, unheM vaha, sUrya jisa prakAra andhakAra ko naSTa kara detA hai, usI prakAra, apane vividha astroM se viphala kara detA / taba azvagrIva ne tripRSTha ke vadha ke lie 'sahasrAracakra' kA prayoga kiyaa| lekina, vaha cakra tripRSTha kI pradakSiNA karake usake pairoM ke pAsa Akara ruka gayA aura usake hAtha

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234 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA meM lete hI vaha prajvalita ho utthaa| taba usa tripRSTha ne taruNa sUrya ke samAna bhAsamAna cakra ko azvagrIva ke vadha ke lie chodd'aa| vaha cakra azvagrIva kA sira lekara vApasa calA AyA / brAhmaNa-paramparA meM jisa prakAra kezava yA viSNu ke sudarzana cakra kI parikalpanA kI gaI hai, * usI prakAra zramaNa - kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne kezava - pratirUpa prajApati -putra tripRSTha ke astra ke rUpa meM 'sahasrAracakra' kI parikalpanA kI hai| 'sahasrAracakra' bhI devAdhiSThita hI thA, tabhI to duSTa vidyAdhara azvagrIva dvArA prakSipta 'sahasrAracakra' bhagavatsvarUpa kezavapratirUpa tripRSTha kA anugata ho gayA aura usake saMketa para hI saMcAlita hotA rahA / isIlie, vyantaroM ne AkAza se udghoSa kiyA thA ki bhAratavarSa meM yaha vAsudeva utpanna huA hai| kahanA na hogA ki zastrAstroM ke mAnavIkaraNa yA daivIkaraNa kI yaha bhAvanA prAcIna bhAratI kI sAMgrAmikatA meM cirAcarita prathA bana gaI thI / "vasudevahiNDI" ke kathAnAyaka vasudeva svayaM AyudhavidyA ke vizeSajJa the| jaba vaha bhUlate-bhaTakate hue zAlaguha sanniveza meM pahu~ce, taba vizrAma karane kI icchA se usa sanniveza ke bahirbhAga meM sthita udyAna meM cale gye| vahA~ rAjA abhagnasena ke lar3ake AyudhavidyA kA abhyAsa kara rahe the| vasudeva ne unase pUchA : "kyA tumaloga guru ke upadeza se zastra calAne kA abhyAsa kara rahe ho, yA 'apanI mati se ?" rAjakumAra bole : "hamAre upAdhyAya kA nAma pUrNAza hai| agara AyudhavidyA jAnate ho, to hama sabhI dekhanA cAhate haiM ki tumheM kahA~taka astrazikSA prApta hai / " nizAnebAjI meM nipuNa vasudeva se rAjakumAroM ne jahA~-jahA~ kahA, vahA~-vahA~ unhoMne bANa pheMkakara dikhAyA / vasudeva ke acUka nizAne se vismita hokara ve unase kahane lage : "tuma hamArA upAdhyAya bana jaao|" vasudeva ne kahA : "maiM pUrNAza kI AzA ko tor3anA nahIM caahtaa|" phira bhI, rAjakumAra vasudeva ke pIche par3a gaye : "kRpA karo, hama sabhI tumhAre ziSya haiN|" vasudeva ne rAjakumAroM kA upAdhyAya bananA svIkAra kara liyA / rAjakumAroM ne vasudeva ke lie AvAsa kI vyavasthA kI aura apane upAdhyAya pUrNAza ko sUcanA diye vinA ve unakI (vasudeva kI) sevA karane lage / rAjakumAra kSaNabhara ke lie bhI vasudeva ko nahIM chor3ate the aura unake lie bhojana-vastra kI bhI cintA karate rahate the / pUrNAza ko isakI khabara milii| zAstravettAoM se ghirA huA vaha vasudeva ke pAsa AyA aura unase pUchane lagA : " AyudhavidyA jAnate ho ?" taba, vasudeva ne kahA: "maiM astra jAnatA hU~, apAstra aura vyastrI jAnatA huuN| paidala yA hastyArohI sainika lie astra hai, ghur3asavAra ke lie apAstra hai aura khaDga, kanaka, tomara, bhindipAla, zUla, cakra Adi vyastra haiN| maiM astra chor3ane ke tIna prakAra bhI jAnatA hU~: dRDha, vidRDha aura uttara / " vasudeva ke astra sAdhane kI prakriyAoM ke pradarzana se pUrNAza cakita raha gyaa| usake bAda jijJAsA karane para vasudeva ne pUrNAza ko dhanurveda-vidyA kI utpatti batAI (padmAlambha : 201-202 / isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI kI, Ayudhaveda kI jAnakArI, prAcIna dhanurvidyA para AdhRta hote hue bhI, lakSaNa, vargIkaraNa, prayoga aura adhikArI prayoktA ke nirUpaNa kI dRSTi se, usakI upasthApanapaddhati sarvathA maulika hai aura isIlie vaha bhAratIya prAcIna astravidoM kI gaNanA meM pAMkteya sthAna adhikArI pramANita hote haiN| saMghadAsagaNI kevala kathAkAra hI nahIM the, apitu bhAratIya prAcyavidyA ke AcArya the / isIlie, kathAkrama meM yathAprasaMga unakA AcAryatva. bar3I prakharatA se mukharita

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 235 huA hai| phira bhI, unakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve kathA meM rasavighAta kI sthiti nahIM Ane dete, kintu yaha bAta to prakaTa ho hI jAtI hai ki unhoMne 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA ko AcArya - zailI meM upanyasta kI hai / nizcaya hI, vaha kathAkAra se adhika kathAcArya the / AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne na kevala yuddha ke AyudhoM kA vaiziS Tya-vivecana kiyA hai, apitu yuddha meM usake prayoga kI vidhi aura yuddhanIti para bhI prakAza DAlA hai, sAtha hI yuddhakalA kI bhI vizada-gambhIra aura AdhikArika avatAraNA kI hai / navama azvasenAlambha (pR. 206 - 207) meM saMghadAsagaNI ne yuddha karane kI prAcIna vidhi kA vizadatA se ullekha kiyA hai| yuddhakalAvizArada vasudeva ke prekSakatva meM abhagnasena aura meghasena rAjAoM kI senA niyamAnusAra yuddhabhUmi meM eka dUsare se bhir3a gaI - rathI ke sAtha rathI, ghur3asavAra ke sAtha ghur3asavAra, padAti ke sAtha padAti, hastyArohI ke sAtha hastyArohI aura yoddhA ke sAtha yoddhA lar3ane lge| donoM senAoM meM eka sAtha tUrya- ninAda aura kalakala kI dhvani gU~ja uThI / "maiM tumhArA vinAza karatA hU~, kSaNabhara Thaharo " isa prakAra bolate hue yoddhAoM kI pukAra kI AvAja cAroM ora phaila gaI / apanI bANavidyA ke guNoM ko dikhalAte hue vIra puruSoM ne bANoM se AsamAna ko Dhaka diyA / meghasena kI senA bar3e vega se abhagnasena kI senA ko parAsta karane lagI / tIkSNa khaDga, zakti, bhAle aura bANoM se Ahata abhagnasena ke yoddhA pIr3ita ho utthe| meghasena kI senA kA dabAva jaba adhika bar3a gayA, taba abhagnasena yuddha-vimukha hokara apane nagara kI ora lauTa claa| megha kI taraha garajatA huA meghasena Age bar3ha AyA aura abhagnasena ke nirAza tathA duHkhI sainikoM ko rauMdate hue abhagnasena ke sanniveza zAlaguha meM ghusane lagA / abhagnasena vasudeva kA sasura thaa| apane sasura kI senA kI pastI dekha unhoMne apane sArathI sAle aMzumAn se kahA : " zIghra ratha ke ghor3oM ko hA~ko / maiM meghasena ke ghamaNDa ko cUra karU~gA / " vasudeva ko sammukha AyA dekha meghasena ke yoddhA, yathArtha ko jAne vinA, unapara andhAdhundha AyudhoM kI varSA karane lge| vasudeva ne apane kSiprakArI hastakauzala se una yoddhAoM ke astroM ko viphala kara diyaa| kucha sainikoM ko bandI banA liyA gayA aura kucha rathahIna kara diye gye| isake bAda aMzumAn bar3I kuzalatA se, vasudeva ke nirdeza ke anusAra, ratha ko meghasena ke nikaTa le gyaa| meghasena kAlamegha kI taraha bANa barasAtA huA AyA / vasudeva ne varSA ko rokanevAle nairRtya pavana kI bhA~ti bANa calAkara usakI bANavarSA ko roka diyA / zaravRSTi meM viphala hone para bhI jaba meghasena ne yuddha kI tatparatA nahIM chor3I, taba vasudeva ne 'sambandhI' jAnakara usake zarIra kI rakSA karate hue dhanuSa, dhvaja aura sArathI ko naSTa kara diyA aura ghor3e ko bhI pIr3ita kiyaa| phira unhoMne use cetAvanI dI : " hathiyAra DAla do, varanA tumheM mAra ddaaluuNgaa|" meghasena kiMkartavyavimUDha ho utthaa| aMzumAn ne use pakar3a liyA aura apane ratha para lA chor3A / meghasena parakaTe pakSI kI bhA~ti avicala khar3A rhaa| usakI vaha hAlata dekhakara usake vinAzakArI yoddhA pIche bhAga cle| idhara abhagnasena ke sainikoM ko bala milaa| unhoMne meghasena

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236 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ke sAre ratha, ghor3e aura hAthI naSTa kara diye / anta meM, vasudeva ne meghasena ko bandI banAkara use abhagnasena ke senApati ke jimme sauMpa diyaa| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne prAcIna yuddhavidhi kA sAMgopAMga lomaharSaka citra upanyasta kara diyA hai| prastuta prasaMga se yuddha ke katipaya mahattvapUrNa prAkkAlIna nIti-niyama bhI ubhara kara sAmane Ate haiN| niyamAnusAra, rathI ke sAtha rathI, ghur3asavAra ke sAtha ghur3asavAra, hastyArohI ke sAtha hastyArohI aura padAti ke sAtha padAti yoddhA hI yuddha karate the| yoddhA isa yuddha-niyama ke pAlana meM sadA tatpara rahate the| prAcIna kAla ke yuddha meM, ratha ke sArathI kI bhUmikA bar3I mUlyavAn hotI thii| sArathI svayaM rathacaryA ke atirikta dhanurvidyA yA Ayudhaveda meM pAraMgata hotA thaa| isIlie, mahAbhArata meM kRSNa, eka sArathI ke rUpa meM tato'dhika pratiSThita haiN| bANavidyA meM viphala athavA yuddha meM kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho jAne para rAjA ko astra aura rathahIna karake use bandI banA liyA jAtA thaa| jo yoddhA yathArtha sthiti yA yuddha kI nIti ke jAnakAra nahIM hote the, ve andhAdhundha bANa calAkara nindA ke pAtra banate the| yadi paraspara do sambandhiyoM meM yuddha hotA thA, to ve eka dUsare kI zarIra-rakSA karate hue lar3ate the| isa prakAra, prAcIna yuddha ke niyamoM meM hiMsA aura ahiMsA-nItiyoM kA adbhuta samanvaya rahatA thaa| pA~caveM somazrIlambha (pR. 187) meM, bharata ke sAtha bAhubalI ke yuddha ke varNana-krama meM, saMghadAsagaNI ne katipaya atisUkSma aura vismayakArI yuddhavidhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bharata ke choTe bhAI tathA takSazilA ke adhipati bAhubalI ne jaba samagra bhAratavarSa ke zAsaka rAjA bharata kI adhInatA svIkAra nahIM kI, taba bharata pUrI senA ke sAtha takSazilA-vijaya ke lie prasthita ho gye| bAhubalI takSazilA se nikalakara rAjya kI sImA para AyA aura vahIM usane bharata se morcA liyaa| donoM meM pahale uttama koTi kA yuddha- dRSTiyuddha huaa| dRSTiyuddha meM A~kha sthira rakhakara paraspara eka dUsare kI A~kha meM A~kha DAlakara dekhanA par3atA thaa| bharata isa yuddha meM parAjita ho gayA, yAnI usakI palakeM jhapaka giiN| taba, donoM meM madhyama koTi kA muSTiyuddha Arambha huaa| isameM bhI bharata apane ko parAjita mAna cintita ho utthaa| unheM jaba apanA cakravattI-pada hAtha se phisalatA huA dikhAI par3A, tabhI devI ne unake hAtha meM cakra de diyaa| usI samaya bAhubalI ne cakrasahita bharata ko Ate dekha unapara vIrocita vyaMgya kiyA : "Apane adhama yuddha kA Azraya le liyaa| muSTiyuddha meM hAra gaye, to hathiyAra uThA liyA !" bharata ne kahA : "maiMne apanI icchA se astra nahIM uThAyA, devI ne mere hAtha meM de diyA hai|" bAhubalI kA vyaMgya tIkhA ho uThA : "yadi Apa zreSTha puruSa kA putra hokara bhI maryAdA kA ullaMghana karate haiM, to phira sAmAnya logoM kI kyA ginatI? isameM ApakA doSa nahIM hai| RSabhasvAmI kA putra hone ke nAte loga ApakI prazaMsA karate haiM, lekina Apa viSayalolupatA ke kAraNa akArya karate rahate haiN| yadi Apa jaise zreSTha puruSa viSaya ke adhIna hokara akArya karate haiM, to isa prakAra ke pariNAmavAle bhoga vyartha haiN|" yaha vicAra kara bAhubalI ne saba prakAra ke hiMsA-vyApAroM ko chor3ane kA saMkalpa kiyA aura kAyotsarga karane lgaa| anta meM, bharata, bAhubalI ke putra somaprabha ko rAjya dekara pazcAttApa karate hue apane nagara ayodhyA lauTa aaye|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 237 prastuta prasaMga se spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM astrayuddha adhama yuddha mAnA jAtA thA aura muSTiyuddha tathA dRSTiyuddha kramazaH madhyama aura uttama / uttama aura madhyama yuddha meM hArane ke bAda hI adhama astrayuddha kA sahArA liyA jAtA thA tathA bhAvuka evaM niyamapAlaka yoddhA kabhI-kabhI yuddhabhUmi meM hI virakta hokara hiMsA ke vyApAra se apane ko alaga kara lete the| prAcIna itihAsa meM bhI aisI ghaTanA kA vivaraNa prApya hai| uDIsA ke prasiddha kaliMga-yaddha meM bhISaNa narasaMhArakArI anyAya-yuddha dekhakara samrATa azoka ne ahiMsAvAdI bauddhadharma, anya aitihAsika mata se jainadharma svIkAra kara liyA thaa| yuddha meM purApracalita zastrahiMsA ke virodha kI isI bhAvanA se, Adhunika rAjanItika yuga meM, niHzastrIkaraNa kI nIti yA paMcazIla yA saha-astitva kA siddhAnta vikasita huA hai| yuddhavidyA meM niSNAta caritanAyaka vasudeva ne muSTiyuddha yA mallayuddha bhI kiyA thaa| chaThe mitrazrI-dhanazrIlambha (pR. 196) kI kathA hai ki bhUlate-bhaTakate vasudeva sUryAsta ke samaya jaba tilavastu nAma ke saniveza meM pahu~ce, taba narabhakSI rAkSasa se nitya AtaMkita rahanevAle vahA~ ke nAgarikoM ne apane dvAra banda kara liye| nAgarikoM ko nirdaya jAnakara vasudeva sanniveza se thor3I dUra para sthita mandira meM cale gaye aura daravAjA banda karake so gye| AdhI rAta meM eka puruSa vahA~ AyA aura vaha U~cI AvAja meM kahane lagA : "ai musAphira ! daravAjA kholo, nahIM to kivAr3a tor3akara bhItara ghusa jAU~gA aura tumheM mAra ddaaluuNgaa|" usakI AvAja se vasudeva jaga gaye aura usa puruSa se bole : "mujhe jagAo mata, anyathA tumheM zikSA denI pdd'egii|" taba vaha puruSa vasudeva para ruSTa ho uThA aura jora-jora se cillAne lgaa| vasudeva ne daravAjA khola diyaa| tabhI eka vikarAla puruSa unake sAmane A khar3A haa| vaha hAtha meM laTTha liye hae thaa| zarIra vizAla aura naMgA thaa| nakha-keza bar3e-bar3e aura dAr3hI bar3hI huii| dA~ta bar3e bhayaMkara / usake zarIra se kacce naramAMsa aura carabI kI gandha A rahI thii| apane U~ce-U~ce kandhoM se vaha aura adhika bhayAvaha dikhAI par3a rahA thaa| apane ghane kezoM ko jhaTakArate hae usane vasudeva para lAThI calAI, lekina usake prahAra ko viphala karate hue vasudeva ne usakI garadana pakar3a lii| usake bAda donoM meM muSTiyuddha hone lgaa| vasudeva jaba usa narabhakSI ko pITate, taba vaha jora se cillA utthtaa| vaha bAra-bAra pIche haTatA aura phira AkramaNa krtaa| vasudeva bhI usake zarIra ke sparza se bacate hue apanI muTThiyoM aura hatheliyoM se usake vAra ko rokate rhe| tilavastu ke nAgarika usa narabhakSI puruSa kI tIkhI cillAhaTa se jaga gaye aura Dhola bajAte hue Apasa meM kalakala karane lge| isI bIca usa puruSa ne vasudeva ko pakar3a liyaa| tabhI, parAjita karane ke khayAla se vasudeva ne usa puruSa ko apanI donoM bhujAoM se kasakara dbaayaa| vaha joroM se cillA uThA aura lahU ugalate hue niSprANa hokara gira pdd'aa| dhanurvidyAvizAradoM ne isa prakAra kI mallavidyA ko vIrocita kRtyoM meM sabase hIna prakAra kA mAnA hai| mallavidyA meM kisI bAhya sAdhana kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, apitu apane zarIra se sambaddha hAtha-pA~va Adi avayavoM kI sahAyatA se hI saba kAma karanA par3atA hai| vartamAna bhArata meM ise kuztI kahate haiN| isI prakAra, jApAna meM ise 'jijuTsu' ( = yuyutsu) tathA yUropIya dezoM meM ghusebAjI (baoNksiga) kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi vasudeva kA uparyukta muSTiyuddha vizuddha mallayuddha

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238 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA nahIM hai, tathApi zastravidyA ke mukhya tIna bhedoM (AghAta, chedana aura bhedana) meM se AghAta bhI isameM mizrita hai| AghAta meM lAThI yA isI jAti ke anya zastroM kI gaNanA hai| narabhakSI puruSa ne sarvaprathama lAThI se hI vasudeva para AghAta kiyA thA, kintu vasudeva ne lAThI ke isa dA~va ko bacA liyA thaa| mallavidyA, zastravidyA se nikRSTa hote hue bhI, prAcIna bhArata meM atizaya pracalita thii| pANini, anubhUtisvarUpAcArya Adi prAcIna bhAratIya vaiyAkaraNoM ke dvArA 'alaM yoge caturthI' ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'alaM mallo mallAya' kA prayoga isa bAta kA sabala sAkSya hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' se yuddhaniyama ke sandarbha meM yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki prAcIna bhArata meM yuddha prArambha karane ke pUrva dUta bhejakara cetAvanI dI jAtI thii| dUta ko apamAnita kara vApasa bheja denA yuddha kI avazyambhAvitA kA saMketa hotA thaa| azvagrIva kA dUta caNDasiMha jaba potanapura bhejA gayA thA, taba acala aura tripRSTha ne use bahuta apamAnita kiyA thA (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 276) / zatruoM yA pratipakSiyoM kI pahacAna ke nimitta jyotiSiyoM ke Adeza kA bhI Azraya liyA jAtA thaa| astrahIna vyakti ke sAtha astrahIna hokara hI lar3A jAtA thaa| yaha niyama na kevala mAnava-zatru, apitu vanya hiMsaka jantu ke sandarbha meM bhI lAgU thaa| tabhI to azvagrIva kA pratizatru tripRSTha jaba pazcima pradeza meM siMhabhaya ko zAnta karane gayA thA, taba vaha mahAbalazAlI siMha ko paidala calate dekhakara svayaM ratha se nIce dharatI para utara par3A aura socA, "yaha siMha to nirAyudha hai, isalie Ayudha ke sAtha isase lar3anA ThIka nhiiN|" taba, tripRSTha ne apanA hathiyAra pheMka diyA aura kevala bhujAoM ke prahAra se hI siMha ko mAra DAlA (tatraiva : pR. 277) / prAcIna kAla meM rAjAoM yA vidyAdharoM ke bIca yuddha ke do hI pramukha kAraNa rahe haiM- pratipakSa kI kanyA kA AyattIkaraNa aura adhInasthatA yA vazaMvadatA kA asvIkaraNa; arthAt, rAjyaprApti aura kanyAprApti / yoM, rAnI yA rAjA kA pratipakSiyoM dvArA apaharaNa kara liye jAne para bhI unakI vApasI ke lie yuddha karanA Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya ho jAtA thaa| vidyAdhara prAyaH apane vidyAbala se yAna, vAhana, sainya, astra-zastra Adi vikurvita karake lar3ate the, sAtha hI ve mAyAyuddha karate the tathA bhayaMkara mantrasiddha astroM kA bhI prayoga karate the| azvagrIva vidyAdhara ke sainikoM ne tAlapizAca, zvAna, zRgAla, siMha Adi ke bhayaMkara rUpoM kI racanA karake pAnI, Aga, astra-zastra Adi vastue~ tripRSTha kI senA para pheMkakara use parAjita karane kI ceSTA kI thI (ketumatIlambha : pR. 312) / prAcIna kAla ke yoddhA zaMkha bhI bajAte the| kucha yoddhAoM ke astra-zastra to unake apane khAsa huA karate the| parazurAma kA kuThAra, arjuna kA gANDIva, ziva kA trizUla Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| mahAbhArata-yuddha meM kRSNa ke mahimAzAlI pAMcajanya zaMkha kI prabhutA Aja bhI avismaraNIya banI huI hai| kezava ke pratirUpa tripRSTha ne jaba apanA mahAsvana (bhayaMkara AvAja karanevAlA) zaMkha bajAyA, taba mAyA aura indrajAla kA prayoga karanevAle tathA svecchA-nirmita rUpa dhAraNa karanevAle (kAmarUpa) vidyAdharoM ne usa zaMkha kI kSubdha samudra ke samAna gambhIratara AvAja ko vajrapAta kI bhA~ti sunA aura ve cillAte hue bhAga khar3e hue| kucha kAyara vidyAdharoM ke hAthoM se zastra gira par3e aura kucha parakaTe pakSI kI bhA~ti dharatI para lur3haka gaye (ttraiv)| prAcIna yuddha meM rAjA parokSa meM hI rahakara apane senApatiyoM ko yuddha-saMcAlana kA Adeza-nirdeza dete the aura unake sainika gAjara-mUlI kI bhA~ti kaTate rahate the| balavAn rAjA jaba isa bAta kI

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 239 bhayAnakatA kA anubhava karate the, taba pratipakSI rAjA ko svayaM yuddhabhUmi meM pratyakSa hokara lar3ane kA sandeza dUta ke dvArA bhejate the / dUta avadhya hotA thA / aisI hI sthiti meM tripRSTha ne azvagrIva ke pAsa apane dUta ke dvArA sandeza bhijavAyA thA : "yaha yuddha to mere aura tumhAre bIca ho rahA hai / isalie, dUsare becAroM ke vadha se kyA lAbha? siMha ko jagAkara kharagoza kI taraha kyoM chipe hue ho ? yadi rAjya prApti kI icchA hai, to eka ratha para akele mere sAtha yuddha karo athavA merI zaraNa A jAo / " azvagrIva ne tripRSTha kA sAmarika AmantraNa svIkAra kara liyaa| usake bAda donoM kI senAe~ prekSaka ke rUpa meM khar3I ho gaIM (ttraiv)| spaSTa hai ki prAcIna yuddha ke niyamAnusAra do rAjA ekAkI bhAva se jaba paraspara lar3ate the, taba zeSa senAe~ taTastha ho jAtI thIM / rAnI ke apaharaNa kara liye jAne para duHkhAtura rAjA pratipakSI rAjA ke pAsa pahale dUta bhejakara rAnI ko lauTA dene kA Agraha karatA thaa| nahIM lauTAne para yuddha avazyambhAvI ho jAtA thaa| rAnI 'sutArA' ke apaharttA azanighoSa ne jaba rAjA zrIvijaya ke sAle amitateja vidyAdhara dvArA preSita marIci dUta ke sandeza ko ThukarA diyA, taba donoM ora se bhayaMkara lar3AI prArambha ho gii| roSAviSTa zrIvijaya ne, yuddhabhUmi meM, amogha prahAra karanevAle khaDga ke AghAta se apanI patnI ke apaharttA azanighoSa ke do Tukar3e kara diye / azanighoSa mAyAvI thaa| usake jitane Tukar3e hote, utane hI azanighoSa utpanna ho jAte / anta meM, zrIvijaya ne mahAjAlavidyA dvArA use parAjita kiyA (tatraiva : pR. 318) / isa sandarbha meM 'durgAsaptazatI' meM varNita raktabIja daitya kI kathA smaraNIya haiN| raktabIja ke rakta kI jitanI bU~deM giratI thIM, unase utane hI raktabIja utpanna ho jAte the / Adhunika kAla meM vidyAdhara aura unake mAyAyuddha yA mantrasiddha AyudhoM kA prayoga svaira kalpanA kA viSaya bana gayA hai, kintu chalayuddha yA kUTayuddha Adhunika kAla meM bhI prAcIna mAyAyuddha kI bhAvasmRti ko udbhAvita karate haiM / 'mahAbhArata' meM kaurava - pANDavoM ke bIca hue chalayuddha ke aneka udAharaNa Aja bhI surakSita haiM / saMghadAsagaNI dvArA upanyasta yuddhavarNanoM meM, sattAIsaveM rohiNIlambha (pR. 365) kA yuddhavarNana bhI ullekhya hai / DholakiyA ke chadmarUpa meM avasthita vasudeva ko kozala- janapada ke rAjA rudhira kI putrI rohiNI ne jaba pati ke rUpa meM varaNa kara liyA, taba jarAsandha ke ukasAne para svayaMvara meM upasthita sabhI kSatriya rAjA bhar3aka uThe / inameM vasudeva ke jeThe bhAI samudravijaya bhI the / svayaMvara ke lie samAgata kSatriya rAjAoM aura rAjA rudhira ke sainyoM ke bIca yuddha zurU huA / vividha AyudhoM se ApUrita, phaharatI dhvajAoMvAle ratha raNAMgana meM daur3ane lage; phU~ke jAte hue zaMkha kI dhvani se kolAhala maca gayA; kumbhasthala se jharate madajalavAle matta hAthiyoM ke dA~toM kI TakarAhaTa kI hor3a laga gaI; vega se daur3ate hue ghor3e ke kaThora khuroM se Ahata dharatI se ur3anevAlI dhUla, A~khoM meM dhundha aura kirakirI paidA karane lagI evaM kruddha yoddhAoM dvArA chor3e gaye bANoM se sUrya kI razmiyA~ AcchAdita ho giiN| usI samaya ariMjayapura ke adhipati vidyAdhararAja dadhimukha ne vasudeva ko darzana diyA / usane vasudeva ko praNAma karake unake lie vidyAbala se ratha taiyAra kara diyA / vasudeva ratha para ArUDha ho gaye / svayaM vidyAdhararAja unakA sArathI banA / svayaMvara meM upasthita kSatriyoM se, rAjA rudhira apane putra hiraNyanAbhasahita parAjita hokara bhAga claa| kintu dadhimukha ke sAtha vasudeva akele DaTe rhe| unheM DaTA huA dekhakara sabhI rAjA

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vismita ho uThe : "are ! yaha puruSa to mahAbalazAlI hai, jo akelA hokara bhI bahutoM ke sAmane ar3A huA hai !" taba pANDurAjA (jarAsandha) ne kahA: "yaha kSatriyadharma nahIM hai ki bahuta rAjA akele eka vyakti se yuddha kreN|" taba sabhI rAjAoM meM eka-eka rAjA krama se lar3ane lge| jarAsandha kI bAta ko pramANa mAnakara zatrujaya nAma kA rAjA bANa barasAtA huA A phuNcaa| vasudeva ne phuratI se dhanuSa se chUTate hue bANoM ko apane arddhacandra bANoM se kATa ddaalaa| usake bhAga jAne para pratikUla bAteM karatA huA dantavakra aayaa| vasudeva ne usa zaTha ke sira ko mukuTahIna kara diyA aura usake ratha kI dhvajA kATa pheMkI, sAtha hI ratha ko bhI chinna-bhinna kara diyA, jisase vaha viratha ho gyaa| taba kAlamukha kAlamegha kI taraha garajatA huA aayaa| lekina, use bhI vasudeva ne kuNThita kara diyaa| una saba rAjAoM ko parAjita dekhakara jarAsandha ne vasudeva ke jyeSTha bhrAtA samudravijaya ko Adeza diyA : "Apa ise jItakara kSatriyoM kI anumati se kanyA prApta kreN|" samudravijaya vasudeva ke sammukha Akara bANa chor3ane lge| vasudeva unapara prahAra na karake zastroM ko kevala kATate rhe| unheM ruSTa jAnakara vasudeva ne pahale se likhakara rakhA gayA, apane nAma se aMkita bANa, vandanA ke nimitta, unake pAdamUla meM arpita karane kI icchA se pheNkaa| samudragupta bANa meM aMkita 'vasudeva' nAma ko par3hakara vAstavika sthiti se jyoM hI avagata hue. tyoMhI dhanuSa kA parityAga kara zaratkAlIna kamalahRda kI bhA~ti prazAnta ho gye| vasudeva astra chor3akara bar3e bhAI ke pAsa phuNce| vasudeva ko apanI ora Ate dekhakara samudravijaya bASpapUrita netroM ke sAtha ratha se utare aura caraNoM para jhukate hue vasudeva ko uThAkara unhoMne apane a~kavAra meM bhara liyaa| donoM milakara bahuta dera taka rote rhe| bahuta dinoM se bichur3e hue vasudeva ke milana ke samAcAra se yuddhabhUmi kA vIra rasa sneha-vAtsalya rasa se AplAvita ho gyaa| _____ saMghadAsagaNI dvArA vinyasta prastuta bhayAnaka yuddha ke varNana se bhI katipaya prAcIna yuddha-niyamoM kI sUcanA milatI hai| sarvaprathama ullekhanIya tathya to yaha hai ki prAcIna yoddhA bhayaMkara-se-bhayaMkara yauddhika sthiti meM bhI anaitika yA niyamaviruddha AcaraNa nahIM karate the| pratipakSI rAjA ke vadha kI apekSA use parAjita karane kA hI Agraha adhika rahatA thaa| vadha prAyaH usI rAjA kA kiyA jAtA thA, jo nara na hokara narapizAca yA narapazu huA karatA thaa| pITha dikhAkara bhAga jAnevAle rAjA kI apekSA adhInatA svIkAra kara maitrI sthApita karanevAlA rAjA adhika nItinipuNa aura prazaMsanIya mAnA jAtA thaa| isake atirikta, akele lar3anevAle rAjA yA yoddhA ke prati sAmUhika AkramaNa karanA pracalita yuddhanIti ke viruddha samajhA jAtA thaa| isIlie, mahAbhArata meM akele abhimanyu para sapta mahArathiyoM ke sammilita AkramaNa ko nindanIya karAra diyA gayA thaa| isI niyama ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jarAsandha ne ekAkI lar3ate hue vasudeva ke sAtha svayaMvara meM upasthita kSatriya rAjAoM ko eka-eka karake lar3ane kA Adeza diyA thaa| vastutaH, prastuta yuddha kA saMcAlana jarAsandha hI kara rahA thaa| prAcIna yuddhaniyama ke anusAra choTA bhAI apane aurasa bar3e bhAI ke sAtha yuddha karanA anucita mAnatA thaa| isIlie, vasudeva ne apane agraja samudravijaya para bANa kA prahAra na karake apane nAma se aMkita bANa ko unake caraNoM meM nivedita kiyA thaa| yuddha ke samaya yuddha karanevAle rAjAoM ko unake mitrarAjA, sahAyatA ke lie, yAna, vAhana, Ayudha aura sainyasahita yuddhabhUmi meM A

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ the| uparyukta yuddha meM bhI vasudeva kI sahAyatA ke lie ariMjayapura kA vidyAdharanareza dadhimukha vidyAbala se ratha taiyAra kara aura svayaM sArathI banakara yuddhasthala meM A DaTA thA / kula milAkara, prAcIna yuddha meM mAnavatA kI rakSA aura kama-se-kama hiMsA kI ora yoddhA rAjAoM kA dhyAna rahatA thaa| ve rAjA yuddhapriya hone ke sAtha mAnavatApriya bhI hote the tathA astrayuddha ko mUlataH adhama koTi kA yuddha mAnA jAtA thA / niSkarSa : 241 isa prakaraNa ke prArambha meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM AcArya saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prokta dhanurveda kI utpatti-kathA se yaha spaSTa hai ki mithunadharma ke avasAnakAla meM daNDanIti ke Adima tIna prakAra'hAkAra', 'mAkAra' aura 'dhikkAra' ke ullaMghana karanevAle vakrajaDa logoM kI bahulatA ke kAraNa unheM anuzAsita karane ke lie rAjA kI parikalpanA kI gaI aura nAbhiputra RSabhazrI (Adi tIrthaMkara) ko rAjA ke rUpa meM gaddI para baiThAyA gayA / unake samaya kI prajAoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kama hote the / usa prAcIna kAla ke loga Rju jaDa, yAnI prakRtyA bhadra aura sIdhe-sAde the / madhyakAla ke manuSya RjuprAjJa hue, kintu uttarakAla loga vakrajaDa hote gaye, jo apanI svArthasiddhi ke lie dhArmika yA naitika siddhAntoM kI apane mana ke anukUla vyAkhyA karane lage, sAtha hI sAmAjika niyamoM kA ullaMghana bhI / aisI sthiti meM sAmAnya janatA ko anuzAsita karanA anivArya ho gayA / kintu, jaba RSabhasvAmI ke prathama putra bharata samasta bhAratavarSa ke rAjA hue aura unheM devatAdhiSThita caudaha ratna' aura nau nidhiyoM kA svAmitva prApta huA, taba astra-zastra kI pUrti karanevAlI 'mAnava' nAmaka nidhi ne bharata ko vyUharacanA evaM astra-zastra aura kavaca ke nirmANa kA upadeza kiyaa| kAlAntara meM jaba svArthamUlaka bhAvanAoM kA adhikAdhika vikAsa huA aura jyoM-jyoM kaThorahRdaya hote gaye, tyoM-tyoM apane amAtyoM ke parAmarza se apanI mati ke anusAra unhoMne vibhinna astroM kI racanA kI aura unake prayoga kI paddhati kA bhI pracAra kiyaa| isa prakAra, Ayudhaveda yA sampUrNa sainyavijJAna kA nAma hI dhanurveda ho gyaa| isase siddha hai ki Ayudhaveda meM dhanuSa-bANa kA sarvAdhika mahattva thaa| sAtha hI, prAcIna yuddhoM meM vibhinna astra-zastroM ke alAvA pramukhatA dhanuSa-bANa ke prayoga kI hI thI / saMghadAsagaNI ke yathAvizleSita Ayudhaveda ke vibhinna AyAmoM se yaha spaSTa hai / dhanurvidyA bAhubala se sampanna vyakti kI hI vazaMvadA hotI thI / Aja bAhubala kI kamI ke kAraNa hI dhanurvidyA kA hrAsa ho gayA hai| samprati, santAla, kola, bhIla Adi anusUcita janajAtiyoM ko chor3a anya jAtiyoM meM dhanurvidyA kA vizeSa Adara nahIM hai / vibhinna vaijJAnika AgneyAstroM ke AviSkAra ne to pUrI prAcIna zastrAstravidyA ko hI nAmazeSa kara diyA hai / 1. 'sthAnAMga' (767-68) meM caudaha cakravarttiratnoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM: cakraratna, chatraratna, carmaratna, daNDaratna, asiratna, maNiratna, kAkaNIratna, senApatiratna, gRhapatiratna, varddhakIratna, purohitaratna, strIratna, azvaratna aura hastiratna / 2. jainasampradAyokta nava nidhayoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : kAla, mahAkAla, pANDu, mANavaka, zaMkha, padma, naisarpa, piMgala aura nAnA ratna | ye nidhiyA~ kramazaH RtuoM ke anukUla mAlyAdika nAnA dravya, bhAjana, dhAnya, Ayudha, vAditra, vastra, bhavana, AbharaNa aura ratna pradAna karane kI zakti rakhatI thIM /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA (gha) vAstuvidyA sanAtanI paramparA ke anusAra, bhAratIya vAstuvidyA yA sthApatyaveda atharvaveda kA upaveda hai / isase spaSTa hI isa vidyA kI prAcInatA sUcita hotI hai / 'matsyapurANa' meM bhRgu, atri, vasiSTha Adi jina aTThAraha vAstuzAstra ke upadezakoM kA ullekha huA hai, unameM aneka upadezaka vaidika RSi yA vaidikakAlIna mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| sthApatya nAma kA upaveda hI paravartI kAla meM vAstuzAstra athavA zilpazAstra ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa| brAhmaNagranthoM, vizeSatayA vAtsyAyana ke 'kAmazAstra' meM vAstuvidyA cauMsaTha kalAoM meM parigaNita huI hai| bauddhoM ke 'lalitavistara' meM varNita chiyAsI kalAoM meM udyAnanirmANa aura rUpakalA ke antargata vAstuvidyA kA viniyoga huA hai| jainoM ke 'samavAyAMgasUtra' ke anusAra, bahattara kalAoM meM 'vAstumAna' kI bhI gaNanA huI hai / rAjazekharasUri ke 'prabandhakoza' kI bahattara kalAoM kI sUcI meM bhI 'prAsAdalakSaNa' aura 'pASANakarma' nAma se vAstuzAstra ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, bhAratIya prAcyavidyA ke anekAneka granthoM meM prApya kalAoM kI sUcI meM, prAya: sarvatra, vAstuvidyA ko samAdaraNIya sthAna diyA gayA hai / bhAratIya kalAoM meM vAstuzAstra yA sthApatyazAstra, zilpazAstra aura citrazAstra - mukhyataH ye tIna kalAe~ hI viziSTa haiN| bhavana nirmANa, pratimA yA mUrti nirmANa tathA citrakarma-vidhAna, ye tIna vAstuzAstra ke mukhya viSaya haiN| isa prakAra, vAstuzAstra kA kSetra bar3A vyApaka ho jAtA hai / vAstuzAstra cU~ki zilpazAstra kA bhI pratinidhi hai, isalie vastroM aura alaMkAroM kI nirmiti-kalA bhI vAstuzAstra antarbhUta hai ! saMghadAsagaNI kI vAstukalpanA ko yadi unake dvArA citrita vastroM aura alaMkAroM kI kalAramaNIya vividhakalpatA se jor3akara dekhA jAtA hai, to unakI kalAbhUyiSTha kalAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' vAstuzAstra kA uttama nidarzana siddha hotI hai 1 242 mAnava hRdaya meM nihita AtmarakSA aura sukhaprApti kI bhAvanA se hI bhavana nirmANakalA kA AvirbhAva huA hai / isI ko sarvasAdhAraNa kI bhASA meM vAstuzAstra yA vAstuvijJAna (sAinsa oN bilDiMga kaMsTrakzana) kahate haiM / yaha sthApatyazAstra yA abhiyantraNA (iMjIniyariMga) kA eka upAMga hai / sthApatyazAstra kI upayuktatA ke sambandha meM sUkSmekSikA se vicAra karane para yaha siddha hotA hai ki vAstuvidyA yA sthApatyakalA kASTha, pASANa Adi padArthoM ke naisargika rUpa meM icchAnurUpa parivartana karatI huI unameM saundarya utpanna karatI tathA unakI upayogitA bar3hAtI hai| isa kalA ke dvArA prakRti-nirmita jaDa padArthoM meM vibhinna manohArI bhAvoM kI utpatti hotI hai, jisase deza kA mUrttimAn itihAsa prakaTa hotA hai tathA vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ke guNadharma, svabhAva, AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAroM kA jJAna prApta hotA hai / AdikAla meM, maukhika paramparA meM surakSita yaha kalA kAlakrama se vedasUtragranthoM, smRtiyoM aura purANoM meM samAviSTa ho gayA / veda, purANa Adi meM tathA rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM jo vizvakarmA aura mayAsura (mayadAnava ) kA ullekha huA hai, ve tatkAlIna sthApatyazAstra ke pUrNajJAtA evaM sUtradhAra ( sthapati) the / vizvakarmA ke anuyAyI dhArmika vastuvijJAna ( mandira Adi) aura mayAsura ke anuyAyI vyAvahArika vAstuvijJAna (rAjabhavana Adi) ke pravartaka sthapati the / gRha-nirmANa-sambandhI vidyA yA kalA hI vAstuvidyA yA vAstukalA hai| gRha yA vAsasthAna ko hI 'vAstu' kahate haiM, jisameM prANI nivAsa karate haiN| isIlie vAstu kI vyutpatti meM kahA

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 243 gayA hai: 'vasanti prANino yatra / ' nivAsArthaka vas dhAtu ke sAtha 'tuN' pratyaya ke yoga se 'vAstu' zabda niSpanna huA hai / isa vAstu kA AdhAra ghara yA bhavana avazya hai; kintu bhavana-nirmANa ke atirikta yaha kucha aura bhI hai| eka vAstuzAstrI' ne vAstukalA kI lalitakalA se tulanA karate hue bar3A saTIka kahA hai ki kavitA kevala padya-racanA hI nahIM hai, apitu vaha aura kucha hai / madhura svara meM gAye jAne para vaha aura adhika prabhAvazAlI ho jAtI hai| usake sAtha jaba upayukta saMgIta aura layayukta nRtyaceSTAe~ bhI hotI haiM, taba vaha kevala manuSya ke hRdaya yA indriyoM ko hI AkRSTa nahIM karatI, apitu inake gauravapUrNa mela se nirmita sAre vAtAvaraNa se use avagata karAtI hai| isI prakAra, vAstu-kalpanA dArzanika gatividhiyoM, kAvyamaya abhivyaktiyoM aura sammilita layAtmaka, saMgItAtmaka evaM varNAtmaka arthoM se paripUrNa hotI hai aura aisI utkRSTa vAstukRti mAnava ke antarmAnasa ko chUtI huI sabhI prakAra se usakI prazaMsA kA pAtra banatI hai aura phira vizvavyApI khyAti arjita karatI hai, sAtha hI bhAvI pIr3hiyoM kI prerikA bhI hotI hai / sUcanArtha nivedita hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ke pUrvavartI aura paravarttI aneka vAstuvidoM kI vAstuvidyA-sambandhI grantha upalabdha haiM, jinameM katipaya ullekhya haiM: 'garuDapurANa', 'matsyapurANa', 'agnipurANa', 'devIpurANa', 'yuktikalpataru', 'vAstukuNDalI', vizvakarmA dvArA racita 'vizvakarmaprakAza' aura 'vizvakarmIya zilpazAstra'; mayadAnava - kRta 'mayazilpa' aura 'mayamata'; kAzyapa aura bharadvAja - kRta 'vAstutattva'; vaikhAnasa aura sanatkumAra- prokta 'vAstuzAstra'; 'mAnavasAra' yA 'mAnasAravastu', 'hayazIrSapaMcarAtra' Adi pUrvavartI grantha, haiM, to 'samarAMgaNasUtradhAra' (bhojadeva), 'vAstusAra' yA 'rAjavallabhamaNDana' (sUtradhAramaNDana), 'vAstuziromaNi' (mahArAja zyAma zAha zaMkara), 'vAstucandrikA' (karuNAzaMkara aura kRpArAma), 'vAstupuruSavidhi' (nArAyANabhaTTa), 'vAstupUjanapaddhati', 'zAkalIya vAstupUjAvidhi' (yAjJikadeva), 'vAstupradIpa' (vAsudeva), AzvalAyanagRhyeokta 'vAstuzAnti', zaunakokta 'vAstuzAntiprayoga' (rAmakRSNabhaTTa), 'vAstuzAnti' (dinakarabhaTTa), 'vAstuyAgatattva' (smArta raghunandana), 'ToDarAnanda' yA 'vAstusaukhya' (ToDaramala) Adi paravartI haiN| kauTilya ke yuga meM vAstuvijJAna prasiddhi kI carama zikhara para thA / unhoMne apane arthazAstra ke ikkIsaveM adhyAya meM kuzala vAstuvaijJAnikoM kA sAdara ullekha kiyA hai, sAtha hI vAstuvidhi samasta upakaraNoM kI vizada carcA kI hai| grAma samudAyoM aura nagaroM kI racanA vizeSata: durga-nirmANa kI rUparekhAoM kA spaSTa aMkana isa grantha meM huA hai| kauTilya ne vAstu-parimANa kI prAcIna mAnyatA meM vikAsa karake yaha niyama banAyA thA ki gRha-nirmANa ke lie bhUmi - aMzoM kA vibhAjana evaM vitaraNa nirmAtAoM kI vRtti ke anurUpa honA caahie| Adhunika kAla ke vAstuoM kA nirmANa paramparAdhRta na hokara nirmAtAoM kI ruci aura pravRtti ke anusAra hI huA karatA hai / 2 saMghadAsagaNI dvArA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita vAstuprakaraNa se yaha sahaja anumeya hai ki 'aupapAtikasUtra' Adi jainAgamoM ke atirikta brAhmaNoM ke vaidika tathA paurANika grantha evaM mayadAnava tathA vizvakarmA ke prAcInatara vAstuzAstra, kauTilya kA arthazAstra Adi usa bahuzruta kathAkAra ke AdhArAdarza rahe hoMge / 1. hindI - vizvakoza, khaNDa 10, kAzI - nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI, pR. 448 2. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dra. 'svatantra kalAzAstra' : DaoN. kAnticandra pANDeya, caukhambA prakAzana, san 1967 I., pR. 593 se 625

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI kI kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' ke saMracanA-vidhAna meM hI rAjaprAsAdIya sabhyatAmUlaka sthApatya kA vinyAsa huA hai, to phira usakI kathAoM meM vAstuzAstrIya tathyoM kA viniveza kaise nahIM ho ? 'vasudevahiNDI' svayaM rAjaprAsAda ke samAna hai (dra. pIThikA: pR. 76) / prAcIna bhAratIya vAstuzAstriyoM ne jisa prakAra vAstupuruSa aura usake aMga- upAMga kI kalpanA karake vAstu meM prANapratiSThA ko pratIkita kiyA hai, usI prakAra saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathotpatti, pIThikA, mukha, pratimukha aura zarIra kI kalpanA karake isa kathAkRti ko sthApatya-puruSa ke pratIka ke rUpa meM upasthApita kiyA hai| 244 prAcIna vAstuzAstriyoM ne sarpAkAra meM vAstupuruSa yA vAstudeva kI parikalpanA kI hai| 'garuDapurANa' ke anusAra, vAstupuruSa, vAstu kI bAIM ora sote haiM aura tIna-tIna mahIne ke bAda eka dizA se dUsarI dizA meM cale jAte haiN| itanA hI nahIM, prAcIna vAstuvidoM ne vAstunAga ke sira, pRSTha kroDa aura pAda kI bhI kalpanA kI hai, sAtha hI vibhinna rAziyoM aura mahInoM meM usake aMgoM ke vAsa karane kI dizAoM kA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai / jaise : agahana, pUsa aura mAgha, yAnI vRzcika, dhanu aura makara rAziyoM meM vAstunAga kA sira dakSiNa meM, pRSTha pUrva meM, kroDa pazcima meM aura pAda uttara rahatA hai| aisI sthiti meM pazcima kI ora pUrvadvAra kA gRha banAnA cAhie Adi / isake atirikta yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki vAstudeva ke kroDa meM makAna banAye, pRSTha para nahIM / isa prakAra, vAstuvidyA kA sambandha jyotiSa - vidyA se sahaja hI jur3a jAtA hai| vAstupuruSa ko hI prAsAdapuruSa kahA jAtA hai / yahA~taka ki prAsAda kI nIMva meM vAstupuruSa kI sthApanA kA mantra' bhI upalabdha hotA hai| prAcIna vAstuvettAoM ke anusAra, vAstumaNDala ko sAmAnyata: ikyAsI paga kA honA cAhie / vAstu ke samIpa per3a lagAne kA bhI viziSTa vidhAna prApta hotA hai| vAstu ke samIpa kaNTakamaya vRkSa se zatrubhaya, kSIrIvRkSa se arthanAza aura phalIvRkSa se prajAkSaya hotA hai| ina saba vRkSoM kI lakar3iyoM kA prayoga bhI gRhanirmANa meM nahIM karanA caahie| yadi ina vRkSoM ko lagAkara kATane kI icchA na ho, to doSa parihAra ke lie una vRkSoM ke nikaTa punnAga, azoka, ariSTa, bakula, panasa, zamI aura zAlavRkSa lagA denA cAhie / vAstumaNDala meM kauna-sA vAstu kisa dizA meM rahanA cAhie, isakA bhI nirdeza prAcIna . vAstukAroM ne kiyA hai| vAstu ke sammukha devAlaya, agnikoNa meM pAkazAlA, pUrva meM praveza - nirgama aura yajJamaNDapa, IzAnakoNa meM gandhapuSpAlaya, uttara meM bhANDAragRha, vAyukoNa meM gozAlA, pazcima meM vAtAyanayukta jalAgAra, nairRta koNa meM kuza, kASTha Adi kA gRha aura astrAgAra tathA dakSiNa kI ora atithizAlA kA nirmANa karanA cAhie / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra, vAstukalA karaNAnuyoga kA viSaya hai / yativRSabhAcArya- racita 'tiloyapaNNatti' ke nau adhikAroM meM varNita nau lokoM (sAmAnyaloka, nArakaloka, bhavanavAsIloka, manuSyaloka, tiryamloka, vyantaraloka, jyotirloka, devaloka aura siddhaloka) ke varNana ke krama meM, 1. namo bhagavate vAstupuruSAya mahAbalaparAkramAya sarvAdhivAsitazarIrAya brahmaputrAya sakala brahmANDadhAriNe bhUbhArArpitamastakAya purapattanaprAsAdagRhavApisaraH kUpAdeH sannivezasAnnidhyakarAya sarvasiddhipradAya prasannavadanAya vizvambharAya paramapuruSAya zakravaradAya vAstoSpate namaste / paurANika vAstuzAntiprayoga /

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 245 tRtIya adhikAra kI gAthA bAIsa se bAsaTha taka asurakumAra Adi bhavanavAsI devoM ke bhavanoM, vedikAoM, kUToM, jinamandiroM evaM prAsAdoM kA varNana upalabdha hai| bhavana kI vAstu-saMracanA meM batAyA gayA hai ki pratyeka bhavana kI cAroM dizAoM meM cAra vediyA~ hotI haiM, jinake bAhya bhAga meM azoka, saptacchada, campaka aura Amra, ina vRkSoM ke upavana rahate haiM / ina upavanoM meM caityavRkSa sthita haiM, jinakI cAroM dizAoM meM toraNa, ATha mahAmaMgala dravya aura mAnastambha - sahita jina - pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiM / vediyoM ke madhya meM vetrAsana ke AkAravAle mahAkUTa hote haiM aura pratyeka kUTa ke Upara eka-eka jinamandira sthita hotA hai| pratyeka jinAlaya kramazaH tIna koToM se ghirA huA hotA hai aura pratyeka koTa meM cAra-cAra gopura hote haiN| ina koToM ke bIca kI vIthiyoM meM eka-eka mAnastambha, nau-nau stUpa, vana, dhvajAe~ aura caitya sthita haiM / jinAlayoM ke cAroM ora ke upavanoM meM tIna-tIna mekhalAoM se yukta vApikAe~ haiM / dhvajAe~ do prakAra kI haiM : mahAdhvajA aura kSudradhvajA / mahAdhvajAoM meM siMha, gaja, vRSabha, garur3a, mayUra, candra, sUrya, haMsa, padma evaM cakra ke cihna aMkita haiN| jinAlayoM meM vandana, abhiSeka, nRtya, saMgIta aura Aloka, inake lie alaga-alaga maNDapa haiM; krIDAgRha, guNanagRha ( svAdhyAyazAlA) tathA paTTazAlAe~ (citrazAlA) bhI haiM / jinamandiroM meM jinendra kI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta, devacchanda ke bhItara zrIdevI, zrutadevI tathA yakSoM kI mUrtiyA~ evaM aSTamaMgala dravya bhI sthApita hote haiN| ye ATha maMgaladravya haiM: jhArI, kalaza, darpaNa, dhvaja, camara, chatra, vyajana aura supratiSTha / jina - pratimAoM ke AsapAsa nAgoM aura yakSoM ke yugala apane hAthoM meM camara liye hue sthita rahate haiM / asuroM ke bhavana sAta, ATha, nau, dasa Adi bhUmiyoM (maMjiloM) se yukta hote haiM, jinameM janma, abhiSeka, zayana, paricaryA aura mantraNA - inake lie alaga-alaga zAlAe~ hotI / unameM sAmAnyagRha, garbhagRha, kadalIgRha, citragRha, AsanagRha, nAdagRha, latAgRha Adi hote haiM tathA toraNa, prAkAra, puSkariNI, vApI aura kUpa, mattavAraNa aura gavAkSa dhvajA-patAkAoM evaM nAnA prakAra kI putaliyoM se susajjita hote haiN| isa prakAra, yativRSabhAcArya ne vAstu kA sAmAnya Adarza prastuta kiyA hai| prAkRta-sAhitya meM varNita vAstu-vinyAsa ke AdhArAdarza ke rUpa meM 'tiloyapaNNatti' kI upayogitA sandigdha nahIM hai / yaha mahattvapUrNa kRti bhArata ke svarNakAla kI avadhi (caturtha paMcama zatI) meM likhI gaI hai, isalie sambhava hai, saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI apane vAstuvarNana ke sandarbha meM 'tiloyapaNNatti' kA prabhAva grahaNa kiyA ho / ukta sAmAnya bhavana ke atirikta jainavAstukalA meM, jinendra kI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA ke samaya janmamahotsava ke lie mandara meru kI racanA; nandIzvara dvIpa kA nirmANa; samavasaraNa (sabhAbhavana) kI racanA; mAnastambha kI sthApanA, caitya, caityavRkSa evaM stUpa, zrImaNDapa, gandhakuTI, guphAe~ aura unameM aMkita mUrtiyA~, mandira, nagara Adi kA vinyAsa prabhRti vAstu bhI apanA ullekhanIya mahattva rakhate haiN| saca pUchie to, vAstukalA meM hI Alekhya, Alepya Adi kalAe~ bhI samAhRta ho jAtI haiM aura isa prakAra vAstukalA hI samasta kalAoM kI AdhArabhUmi siddha hotI hai / 1. jaina vAstukalA ke vizeSa adhyayana ke lie draSTavya : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina; vyAkhyAna 4 (jainakalA), pR. 292

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM AcArya saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne vibhinna vAstuoM kA jo bhavyojajvala kalpa (vidhi-vidhAna) upanyasta kiyA hai, usase unake gambhIra vAstuprAjJa hone kA saMketa milatA hai / yahA~ unakI katipaya vAstu- parikalpanAe~ draSTavya haiM / 246 ikkIsaveM ketumatIlambha (pR. 341 ) kI kathA hai ki jaba tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ko kevalajJAna utpanna huA thA, taba yathAyocita 'samavasaraNa' kA, devaloka jaisA vAstuvinyAsa kiyA gayA thA, jisakA varNana isa prakAra hai : bhavana aura vimAna ke adhipati gandhodaka aura phUla barasAte Aye tathA bhagavAn kI vandanA karake atizaya prasanna mana se khar3e ho gaye / vyantara devoM ne cAroM ora eka yojana-paryanta devaloka jaisA pariveza khar3A kara diyaa| vikasita netroMvAle vaimAnika jyotiSka aura bhavanapati devoM ne ratna, sonA aura cA~dI ke prAkAra kSaNabhara meM banA diye, jo maNi, sonA aura ratna se nirmita kapizIrSa ( kaMgUre) se suzobhita the / unameM se pratyeka meM rajatagiri (vaitADhya ) ke zikhara-sadRza cAra dvAra bnaaye| vahA~ jagadguru tIrthaMkara jisa nandIvatsa vRkSa ke nIce prasannamukha baiThe the, vaha divya prabhAva se lokacakSu ko Ananda denevAle, kalpavRkSa ke samAna sundara raktAzoka se AcchAdita ho gyaa| usake nIce AkAzasphaTika se nirmita, pAdapITha- sahita aura devoM ke lie vismayajanaka siMhAsana rakhA gyaa| Upara gaganadeza ke alaMkArabhUta, pUrNacandra ke pratibimba ke samAna chatra-para-chatra tana gye| bhavyajanoM ke bodhanahetu bhagavAn pUrvAbhimukha baitthe| yakSa khar3e hokara ca~vara DulAte rhe| sone ke sahastradala kamaloM se pratiSThita taruNa ravimaNDala ke samAna, sAmane tIrthaMkara ke caraNamUla meM dharmacakra thaa| sabhI dizAoM ke mukha dhvajAoM se suzobhita the / tuSTa hokara devoM ne dundubhiyA~ bjaaiiN| narttakiyoM ne nRtya pradarzita kiye / gandharvoM ne gAna kiyaa| bhUtoM ne siMhanAda kiyA aura jRmbhaka devoM ne phUla barasAye / siddha cAraNoM ne stuti kii| vaimAnika deviyA~ pradakSiNA karake praNAma kI mudrA meM bhAvI sAdhu ke sthAna se dakSiNa aura agnikoNa meM Akara baiTha giiN| bhAvI sAdhviyoM ke pazcima aura bhagavAn ke nairRtyakoNa meM vyantara aura jyotiSka deviyA~ A baiThIM / pazcima dvAra ke uttara meM bhavanapati, vyantara aura jyotiSka deva baiThe / uttara dvAra para vaimAnika deva aura pUrva dvAra para manuSya mAnuSiyA~ Akara baiThe / isa prakAra, yahA~ saMghadAsagaNI ne jisa uttama vAsturacanA kA viniyoga kiyA hai, vaha 'tiloyapaNNatti' meM upadiSTa bhavana-nirmANavidhi se sAmya rakhatA hai, jisakI bhavya manohara AkRti ko kathAkAra ne apanI kalpanA kI vareNyatA se daivika udAttatA pradAna kI hai / bhavanapati, jyotiSka, vaimAnika aura vyantara deva brAhmaNa-paramparA ke, vAstuvidyA ke marmajJa vizvakarmA aura mayadAnava ke hI pratirUpa haiM, jo mahArgha vAsturacanA meM apanI dvitIyatA nahIM rakhate / prAcIna yuga meM catuzzAla bhavana banAne kI paripATI thI / saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI catuzzAla bhavana kA ullekha kiyA hai / dhammilla kisI dina priyajana ke sAtha catuzzAla bhavana ke bhItarI bhAga meM baiThA thA ('annayA kayAi piyajaNasahio abbhitarille cAusAle acchai; dha. hi. : pR. 73) / cAra makAnoM ke varga yA cAroM ora cAra bhavanoM se ghire hue catuSkoNa vAstu ko catuzzAla kahA jAtA thaa| paravarttIkAlIna vAstuvid bhojadeva (vikrama kI navama-dazama zatI) ke 'samarAMgaNasUtradhAra' se bhI saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita catuzzAla ke nirmANa kI paripATI kA samarthana hotA hai| bhojadeva ne apanI ukta kRti meM 'catuzzAlavidhAna' nAmaka eka svatantra adhyAya (saM. 26) kI

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247 vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ hI racanA kI hai| isameM unhoMne batAyA hai ki catuzzAla bhavana ke aneka bheda hote haiM aura rAjAoM ke lie ATha sau hAtha ke vyAsa meM nirmita catuzzAla zubhaprada hotA hai| dhammilla ko yaha catuzzAla rAjabhavana kuzAgrapura ke rAjA amitradamana se prApta huA thaa| ___cauthe nIlayazAlambha (pR. 171) meM saMghadAsagaNI ne sarvatobhadra prAsAda kA ullekha kiyA hai| kathA hai ki eka dina svayamprabhA sandhyA samaya 'sarvatobhadra' prAsAda para baiThI huI thI, tabhI usane nagara ke bAhara, deva ko AkAza se utarate dekhA / ('kayAiM ca paose savvaobhaddagaM pAsAyamabhirUDhA passAmi nayarabAhiM devsNpaayN)| prAcIna daivajJa vAstukAroM meM varAhamihira (I.pU. prathama zatI) aura unakI pAryantika jyotiSa-kRti 'bRhatsaMhitA' kI bar3I prasiddhi hai / varAhamihira ne apanI ukta kRti meM sarvatobhadra prAsAda kI nirmANavidhi dI hai aura usa krama meM batAyA hai ki uttamagRha kA vistAra jitane hAtha hogA, usake solahaveM bhAga meM cAra hAtha yoga karane se prApta yogaphala hI usa gRha kA 'ucchAya' (U~cAI) hogaa| ucchrAya se naugune aura assI hAtha meM usake dazAMza ko ghaTAne se jo bacegA, vahI stambha ke agrabhAga kA parimANa hogaa| stambha ke bhI pA~ca prakAra haiM: rucaka, vajra (aSTakoNa), dvivajra (SoDazakoNa), pralInaka (battIsa konoMvAlA) aura vRttagupta (vRttaakaar)| stambha ke parimANa meM nau kA bhAga dene se jo bhAgaphala hotA hai, vaha 'vahana' hai| jisa vAstu ke cAroM ora isI prakAra ke vahana aura dvAra hote haiM, vaha 'sarvatobhadra' kahalAtA hai| sacamuca, sarvatobhadra prAsAda prAcIna vAstuvidyA ke zailpika camatkAra kI ora saMketa karatA hai| varAhamihira ne nirdeza kiyA hai ki jisa vAstu ke zAlAkuDya (bhavana-bhitti) ke cAroM ora sabhI alinda (cabUtarA) pradakSiNa bhAva meM nimnabhAga taka jAte haiM, use 'nandyAvartta' kahate haiN| isa vAstu meM pazcima-dvAra nahIM hotaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne zAntijina ke pUrvabhava kI kathA (ketumatIlambha) ke krama meM, aparAjita ke bhava kI carcA kA upakrama karate hue, prANata kalpa ke nandyAvarta aura svastika vimAna (bhavana) kA ullekha kiyA hai| yathAnAma svastika bhavana kI saMracanA svastika cihna ke AkAra kI hotI thii| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA saMketita nandyAvarta aura svastika-bhavana kA samarthana 'samarAMgaNasUtradhAra' se bhI hotA hai| prAcIna vAstuzAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa vAstu ke pazcima kI ora eka tathA pUrva kI ora do alinda zeSa taka rahate haiM aura jisake do ora ke alinda utthita aura zeSa sImA taka vivRta (phaile) rahate haiM, usako 'svastika' vAstu kahate haiN| isameM pUrvadvAra nahIM hotaa| prAcIna vAstu meM chatadAra barAmade kI saMracanA kI jAtI thii| saMghadAsagaNI re isa prakAra ke vAstu ko 'avalokana' (= avaloyaNa) kI saMjJA dI hai: "avaloyaNagaeNa ya me diTTho nayaramajjhe 1. catuzzAlAni vezmAni yAni teSAM zatadvayam / dvicatvAriMzadadhikaM catuzzAlazatASTakam // zreSThamaSTazataM rAjJAmetAni tu yathAkramam / (zloka saM.3,6 aura 16) 2. nandyAvartagRhe sarvA nandyAvartA bhavanti taaH| dve mUSe rucake syAtAmAyate tvavakosime // trinAbhamuttaradvAraM zastaM sarvaguNAnvitam / AdhAdvituryAsaptamyo yatra tat svastika smRtam // (a. 24, zlo.78 aura 139)

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248 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA bahujanasAuhakayaparivAro... / " (puNDrAlambha : pR. 213) / yaha 'avalokana rAjabhavana ke U~ce zikhara para chatadAra barAmade yA maNDapa ke rUpa meM hotA thA, jahA~ se rAjA-rAnI nagara ke aura nagara ke bAhara ke dRzyoM kA avalokana karate the| kathAnAyaka vasudeva ne bhI tAraka seTha ke vimAna ke 'avalokana' se nagara ke bIca kA dRzya dekhA thaa| bar3e bhavanoM ko vimAna kahA jAtA thA, jo prAya: sAta maMjiloM se kama kA nahIM hotA thaa| kAlidAsa ne bhI alakA-varNana ke krama meM vimAnAgrabhUmi' kI carcA apane meghadUta-kAvya meM kI hai| purAkAla meM rAjabhavana se sambaddha vAstu prekSAgRha bhI huA karatA thaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne ullekha kiyA hai ki vasudeva ke sAtha nIlayazA kI pANigrahaNa-vidhi pUrI hone ke bAda vara-badhU ko prekSAgRha (= pecchAghara) meM baiThAyA gayA, jahA~ donoM kA viziSTa zRMgAra-prasAdhana kiyA gayA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 180) / prekSAgRha ko nATyazAlA yA raMgazAlA kahate haiM, jahA~ nATyakarmiyoM ke lie zRMgAra-prasAdhana kI vividha sAmagrI kI vyavasthA rahatI hai / isIlie, vasudeva aura nIlayazA ko prekSAgRha meM le jAkara baiThAyA gayA thaa| paricArikAe~ prekSAgRha meM unheM sajAkara vAsagRha (zayanagRha) meM le gaI thIM, jahA~ svarNadIpa jala rahe the| saMghadAsagaNI ke anusAra, prekSAgRha se sambaddha bhojanagRha bhI thA, tabhI to vasudeva jaba dUsare dina prAta: jage, taba prasAdhanakArya-kuzala paricArikAoM ne unakA prasAdhana kiyaa| usake bAda vAsagRha se nikalakara ve prekSAgRha meM Aye, jahA~ unake lie kalamadAna cAvala kA supAcya bhojana upasthita kiyA gyaa| prAcIna yuga ke rAjabhavana se sambaddha vividha vana-upavana-udyAna aura krIr3AgRha bhI hote the| jaise : latAgRha, jAlagRha, kadalIgRha Adi / saMghadAsagaNI ne ina vAstuoM kA eka sAtha ullekha kiyA hai / vegavatI ke apaharaNa ho jAne ke bAda, vasudeva use pramadavana meM, usakI sakhI ke ghara meM aura phira idhara-udhara khojane lge| jaba vaha kahIM nahIM dikhAI par3I, taba vasudeva use krIr3A ke nimitta gaI huI mAnakara Age bar3he aura latAgRha, jAlagRha aura kadalIgRha meM DhU~r3hane lge| (vegavatIlambha : pR. 225) / bhAratIya svarNakAla ke kaviyoM meM prAya: sabhI ne apanI kAvyakRtiyoM yA kathAgranthoM meM latAgRha yA latAmaNDapa (latAoM se nirmita maNDapAkAra sthAna) kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI dvArA citrita jAlagRha, mohanagRha aura kadalIgRha, ye tInoM nAticarcita vAstu haiN| jAlagRha, jAlIdAra khir3akiyoMvAle ghara ko kahA jAtA thA, jisameM baiThakara anta:puravAsI loga bahirbhAga kA dRzyAvalokana karate the| saMghadAsagaNI ke pUrvavartI mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne bhI jAlIdAra gavAkSa kA citraNa kiyA hai : "jAlAntarapreSitadRSTiranyA.........(raghuvaMza: 7.9) / " isake atirikta 'meghadUta' meM bhI aneka jagaha 'jAla' kA prayoga mahAkavi ne kiyA hai (uttaramegha, 6-7) / kadalIgRha, kadalIstambha se nirmita yA kadalIvRkSa se AveSTita ghara ko kahA jAtA thaa| kAlidAsa ne pratyakSa rUpa se 'kadalIgRha' kI carcA to nahIM kI hai; kintu kanakakadalI se AveSTita, samaNIya, ataeva darzanIya krIDAzaila kA varNana avazya kiyA hai| kadalIgRha bhI to antaHpuravAsinI lalanAoM ke 1. avalokana = prAsAda ke sabase UparI bhAga meM eka aisA choTA maNDapa yA sthAna, jahA~ se bAhara kI ora dekhA jA ske| 'divyAvadAna' meM ise 'avalokanaka' (pR. 221) kahA gayA hai| - dra. caturbhANA : saM. DaoN. motIcandra tathA DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, saMskaraNa : san 1959 I, pR. 172 kI ttippnnii| 2. netrAnItAH satatagatinA ydvimaanaaprbhuumiiH| meghadUta, u. me. 6 3. krIDAzailaH knkkdliivessttnprekssnniiyH|-meghduut, u. me. 14

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 249 lie krIr3AgRha hI thaa| tabhI to, vasudeva ne vegavatI ko krIr3A ke nimitta kadalIgRha meM gaI huI mAnA thaa| mohanagRha to spaSTa hI kAmakeli kA gRha thA (padyazrIlambha : pR. 359) / vAstu yA bhavana nirmANa ke mukhya upAdAna IMTa aura patthara haiN| prAcIna vAstukAroM ne IMTa aura pASANa ko milAkara vAstunirmANa ko anucita mAnA hai| vAstu kA nirmANa kevala IMTa yA kevala prastara se hI honA caahie| prAcIna vAstuzAstra 'hayazIrSapaMcarAtra' meM bAraha aMgula kI pUrNata: lAla raMga kI pakkI IMToM ko vAstunirmANa ke lie upayukta mAnA gayA hai| kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne miTTI se chiyAnabbe aMgula kI IMTeM banAne kA prAvadhAna rakhA hai| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki Aga meM pakAne ke bAda sabhI IMTeM eka-eka aMgula choTI ho jAtI haiN| IMTa banAne kI yaha prakriyA zANDilya ne sagara ko sikhAI thii| ukta vidhi se sagara ne IMTeM banAkara unheM taha-para-taha rakhate hue AvA taiyAra kiyA thaa| jaba IMTeM pakakara taiyAra ho gaIM, taba rAjA sagara ne unase agale pairoM para khar3e puruSa kI U~cAI ke barAbara yajJavedI taiyAra kI thii| yaha yajJavedI prayAga aura pratiSThAna (jhUsI) ke bIca gaMgAtaTa para banAI gaI thii| bhojadeva ne bhI kevala patthara yA kevala pakkI IMTa se prAkAra-nirmANa kA samarthana kiyA hai| donoM upAdAnoM kA mizraNa unheM bhI mAnya nahIM hai| 'garuDapurANa' ke saiMtAlIsaveM adhyAya meM bhI prAsAda-nirmANa kA kA vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| prAsAda ke samAnAntara hI mandira aura devagRha ke sthApatya ko pratiSThA prApta hai| prAsAda jahA~ manuSya ke sukha aura prasannatA ke lie hotA hai, vahA~ mandira aura devagRha devArAdhanA aura dharmAcaraNa ke vAstu ke pratIka haiN| isIlie, 'prAsAda' kI vyutpattiM 'prasIdanti asminniti' (pra + sad + gha) kI gaI hai, to 'mandira' kI vyutpatti meM kahA gayA hai: 'mandyate supyate vA stUyate vA'tra (madiG svapane stuto, madiG + kirc)|' isI prakAra 'gRha' kI vyutpatti hai : 'gRhyate dharmAcaraNAya yat (grah + k)|' gRha-mAtra gRhasthoM ke dharmAcaraNa kA AdhAra yA Azraya hai| devagRha to svayameva dharmasthala hai| purANoM meM, vizeSatayA 'agnipurANa' meM devamandira kI bar3I prazasti kI gaI hai| 'bRhatsaMhitA' meM, vAstutattva kI dRSTi se, devamandira yA devagRha ke bIsa prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaise : meru, mandara, kailAsa, vimAnacchada, nandana, samudga, padA, garuDa, nandivarddhana, kuMjara, guharAja, vRSa, haMsa, sarvatobhadra, ghaTa, siMha, vRtta, catuSkoNa, SoDazakoNa aura aSTakoNa / purANoM meM mandira banAne ke aneka phala kahe gaye haiN| vAstumaNDala meM devagRha kA nirmANa Avazyaka mAnA jAtA thaa| kahA gayA hai ki vAstumaNDala ke cAroM ora pA~ca hAtha U~cA prAkAra banavAnA cAhie aura prAkAra ke cAroM ora vanopavana se suzobhita viSNugRha kA bhI nirmANa karAnA caahie| mandira nirmANa ke lie vaizAkha, ASADha, zrAvaNa, kArtika; agahana, mAgha aura phAlguna mAsa prazasta haiM tathA nakSatroM meM azvinI, rohiNI, mUlA, uttarASADha, svAtI, hastA aura anurAdhA zubhadAyaka haiN| isI prakAra, vajra, vyAghAta, zUla, vyatIpAta, atigaNDa, viSkumbha, gaNDa aura parigha yogoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI yogoM meM mandira kA nirmANa phalaprada hotA hai| prAsAda yA mandira ke nirmANa meM sthAna parIkSA (bhUmi aura miTTI kI parIkSA) anivArya hotI hai| 'matsyapurANa' meM kahA gayA hai : "pUrva bhUmi parIkSeta pachAdvAstuM 1. vaporzvabhAgagaM madhyaM sthUlopalazilAcitam / kuryAtrAkAramuddAmaM yadvA pakveSTakAmayam // -samarAMgaNasUtradhAra, 23.25

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA prakalpayet / " devamandira ke nirmANa ke lie vana kA upAnta, nadI, parvata, nirjhara kI upAntabhUmi aura udyAnayukta purapradeza prazasta hai / devagRha banavAnevAle ko iSTApUrtta ('yajJa Adi puNyakAryoM evaM kuA~tAlAba khudavAnA, bAgIcA lagavAnA, atithizAlA banavAnA Adi dharmakAryoM ke anuSThAna) kA phala prApta hotA hai| 250 prAcIna vAstukalA ke marmajJa saMghadAsagaNI ne kalAvareNya prAsAdoM ke nirmANa kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM kA citraNa to kiyA hI hai, mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI saMracanA - kalA kA bhI manorama aMkana kiyA hai| uparivivRta vAstu-pariveza meM yahA~ unake dvArA eka sAtha varNita nagara, mandira aura mUrti ke vinyAsa kA kalAramaNIya rUpa draSTavya hai : zrAvastI nagarI ke samIpasthita phUla-phala ke bhAra se jhuke per3oM se suzobhita upavanoM meM vizrAma karate hue vasudeva ne usa nagarI para apanI dRSTi DAlI / vidyAdharapurI kI zobhA dhAraNa karatI huI vaha nagarI indra kI buddhi se nirmita svargapurI jaisI laga rahI thI / vahA~ unhoMne eka aura manuSyaloka kI dRSTi ko vismita karanevAlA mandira dekhA / vaha mandira nagara ke prAkAra kI taraha prAkAra se ghirA huA thaa| usa mandira kI bhUmi vinaya aura naya AveSTita pratIta hotI thii| usakI saphedI (ujjvalatA) darzanIya thii| usake chajje, aTArI aura jharokhe bar3I sundaratA se banAye gaye the / usake sone ke kaMgUre para kapotamAlA virAja rahI thI aura usakA zikhara (gumbada ) oSadhi se prajvalita rajatagiri (vaitADhya parvata) kI coTI ke samAna thA / 1 ukta mandira ko kisI devatA kA Ayatana samajhakara vasudeva vizAla gopura (mukhyadvAra) se usa nagarI meM praviSTa hue| vahA~ unhoMne ATha sau khambhoM se vibhUSita tathA vividha kASThakarma se upazobhita maNDapa dekhA, jisameM tIna pairoMvAlA eka bhaiMsA pratiSThita thA, jo jAlagRha (sacchidra gavAkSavAlA ghara) meM brahmAsana para baiThA thaa| kAle ratna se usake zarIra kI sundara racanA kI gaI thI, uttama cikanI indranIla maNi ke sIMga the, lohitAkSamaNi se gar3hI gaI usakI lAla-lAla A~kheM thIM, kImatI padmarAgamaNi se usake khuroM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA aura gale meM mUlyavAn motI jar3e sone ke ghu~gharUoM kI mAlA par3I thI (satrahavA~ bandhamatIlambha: pR. 268 ) / saMghadAsagaNI ke isa bhavya varNana se nagara, mandira aura mUrti -- ina tInoM sthApatya kA spaSTa citra upalabdha hotA hai / saMghadAsagaNI kA yaha sthApatya - varNana svayaM unake gahare nirIkSaNa kA pariNAma hai| kathAkAra ke isa vAstuvarNana meM mUrtti aura mandira ke nirmANa kI vidhi ke bar3e mahattvapUrNa AyAma udbhAvita hue haiN| devakula ke vAstu kI pariracanA ke sAtha hI kathAkAra ne yathAprasaMga bhUtagharoM ke vAstu kI bhI parikalpanA kI hai. / isI krama meM 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya saMghadAsagaNI ke aura bhI katipaya nayanamanohara vAstu-vinyAsa uddharaNIya hai : dvAravatI nagarI kA vAstu prAcIna nagara - saMracanA ko pratIkita karatA hai| prAcIna nagara - saMracanA kI do-eka dhyAtavya vizeSatAe~ jaina AgamoM meM varNita haiM, jinakI AvRtti prAyaH sampUrNa prAkRtakathAvAGmaya ke nagaroM kI saMracanA aura svarUpa ke nirUpaNa meM upalabdha hotI hai| prAcIna vAstukAroM ne nagara kI saMracanA meM usake tIna AyAmoM ko vizeSa rUpa se ubhArA hai: prathama, usakI Arthika yA sAmpattika samRddhi-sambandhI, dvitIya, usakI aneka prakAra kI kalAoM, vidyAoM, yAna-vAhanoM tathA manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM kI pracuratA-sambandhI aura tRtIya, nagara kI vAstu

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 251 racanA-sambandhI / nagara kI racanA ke katipaya vAstumaNDana isa prakAra haiM : nagara kI rakSA ke nimitta usake cAroM ora parikhA (khAI) hotI thI, nagara U~ce-U~ce prAkAroM se ghirA hotA thA, jinake cAroM ora (cAroM dizAoM meM) cAra-cAra dvAra hote the| prAkAra kA AkAra dhanuSAkAra kahA gayA hai| ina dvAroM meM gopura aura toraNoM kI zobhA kA vizeSa mUlya thaa| koTa yA prAkAra ke kapizIrSa (kaMgUre) U~ce hote the, jinapara zataghnI (topa) Adi astra-zastroM kI sthApanA kI jAtI thii| nagara meM rAjamArgoM evaM caryApathoM (phuTapAtha) ko bar3I suvyavasthita rIti se banAyA jAtA thA, jinameM tripatha aura catuSpatha (tirAhe aura caurAhe) bar3e acche DhaMga se banAye jAte the| nagara meM sthAna-sthAna para vizAla udyAnoM, sarovaroM tathA kUpoM aura prapAoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| mahala katAroM meM banAye jAte the, sAtha hI devAlayoM, bAjAroM aura dUkAnoM kI bhI samIcIna vyavasthA rahatI thii| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita dvAravatI nagarI meM prAcIna nagara-vinyAsa kI, saMkSepa meM hI sahI, manorama jhA~kI milatI hai : dvAravatI nagarI janapadoM kI alaMkArasvarUpA thI, cU~ki vaha nagarI lavaNasamudra ke bIca meM banI thI, isalie lavaNasamudra ke susthita nAma ke devatA dvArakAvAsiyoM ke lie samudra meM rAstA banAte the; kubera kI buddhi se usa nagarI kA nirmANa huA thA, usake prAkAra sone ke bane the, vaha nau yojana caur3I aura bAraha yojana lambI thI, vahA~ ratnoM kI varSA hone se, nirdhanatA ne usa nagarI kA parityAga kara diyA thA, rala kI prabhA se vahA~ andhakAra nahIM raha pAtA thA aura cakrAkAra bhUmi meM nirmita hajAroM-hajAra prAsAdoM se maNDita vaha nagarI devaloka kA pratirUpa pratIta hotI thii| dvArakA ke nivAsI vinIta aura vijJAna (kalA)-kuzala the| unake nAma bhI madhura the, dayAlu aura dAnI hone ke sAtha hI ve zIlavAn, sajjana tathA suveza the (pIThikA : pR. 77) / isI prakAra, kathAkAra ne zrAvastI nagarI ko 'suprazasta vAstu kA niveza' kahA hai (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 265) / ____ saMghadAsagaNI ne kollakira nagara ke vAstu-vinyAsa ko bhI bar3I ruciratA aura manoramatA ke sAtha upasthApita kiyA hai : kollakira nagara meM 'saumanasa' nAma kI vanadevI ke Ayatana meM anna aura pAnI kA vitaraNa ho rahA thA aura jagaha-jagaha susajjita prapAmaNDapa (panazAlA) bane hue the, bAdaloM ke vega ko rokanevAlI prAsAda-paMkti se vaha nagara saMkIrNa thA aura nagara cAroM ora se rajatagiri ke samAna parakoTe se ghirA huA thA (caubIsavA~ padmAvatIlambha, : pR. 355) / ___ saMghadAsagaNI ke anusAra, sRSTi ke prArambha se hI vAstukalA kA utkarSa upalabdha hotA hai, jise kathAkAra ne 'bahukAlavarNanIya' (prA. 'bahakAlavaNNaNijje') kahA hai| usa samaya kI bhUmi rUpa, gandha aura sparza meM manohara aura mRdula thI, jo paMcavarNa maNi aura ratna se bhUSita sarovara ke talabhAga kI bhA~ti sama aura ramaNIya thii| aisI hI bhUmi para nirmita madhu, madya, dUdha, ikSurasa tathA prAkRtika jala se bharI huI vApI, puSkariNI aura dIrghikAoM kI sopAna-paMktiyA~ ratna aura zreSTha suvarNa se khacita thIM aura usI prakAra kI bhUmi para aneka bhavana bhI bane hue the (cauthA nIlayazAlambha : pR. 157) / RSabhasvAmI kA janma hone para zizu kA jAtakarma saMskAra sampanna karane ke lie AI dikkumAriyoM ne jisa kadalIgRha aura catuHzAlA kA nirmANa kiyA thA, usakA vAstuvinyAsa bhI camatkRta karanevAlA hai : devavimAna ke madhya meM rahanevAlI cAra dikkumAriyoM ne zizu tIrthaMkara kA

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252 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA jAtakarma-saMskAra prArambha kiyA- navajAta ke nAbhinAla ko, cAra aMgula chor3akara, kATa DAlA aura use dharatI meM gAr3a diyA, phira usa gaDDhe ko rala aura dUrvA se bharakara vahA~ vedI (pIThikA) banA dii| usake bAda unhoMne apanI vaikriyika zakti se dakSiNa, pUrva aura uttara- ina tInoM dizAoM meM marakata maNi kI bhA~ti zyAmala AbhUSaNoM se maNDita kadalIghara kA nirmANa kiyA aura phira kadalIghara ke madhyabhAga meM kalpavRkSa kI, svarNajAla se alaMkRta catuHzAlA banAI / usameM unhoMne putrasahita jinamAtA ko maNimaya siMhAsana para baiThAkara krama se tela-ubaTana lagAyA (tatraiva : pR. 160) / prastuta kadalIgRha kA vAstu-vinyAsa vidyA-vikurvita hai, isalie vAstukalpajJa kathAkAra dvArA isake nirmANa kI vidhi meM kI gaI lokottara bhAvakalpanA kA mizraNa asahaja nahIM hai| ikkIsaveM ketumatIlambha (pR. 314) meM, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA svayaMvara-maNDapa kA manohArI vAstuvidhAna upanyasta kiyA gayA hai| rAjA arkakIrti kI putrI sutArA ke lie potanapura ke rAjA tripRSTha dvArA Ayojita svayaMvara ke nimitta maNDapa sajAyA gyaa| maNDapa ke donoM ora kamala se Dhake jalapUrNa svarNakumbha rakhe gaye aura maNDapa ko maNimaNDita toraNoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA; sarasa aura sugandhayukta mAlAoM se veSTita saiMkar3oM stambha banAye gaye; svarNakamaloM kI mAlAoM se AveSTita vipula putaliyA~ khar3I kI gaIM, pA~ca raMga ke phUloM se maNDapabhUmi ko AcchAdita kiyA gayA aura ghrANa tathA mana ko priya laganevAle vividha dhUpa jalAye gye| usake bAda vidyAdhara-sahita sabhI rAjA apane-apane rAjacihnoM se alaMkRta hokara, devakumAra ke samAna saja-dhajakara maMca para ArUDha hue| tIrthaMkara aranAtha ne pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke uddezya se jisa vaijayantI nAma kI zivikA para savAra hokara mahAbhiniSkramaNa kiyA thA, usakI kalAtmaka vAstusajjA kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ke vAstuparaka maNDana-vidhAna ('zukranItisAra' ke anusAra, naukA, ratha Adi savAriyoM ke banAne kI kalA) kI sUkSmajJatA kA udghoSa karatI hai : usake bAda bahukAlavarNanIya vaijayantI zivikA upasthita kI gaI, jo uttama sone kI zreSTha racanA se vibhUSita thii| usameM kalpavRkSa ke phUla saje the, jinapara bhaure guMjAra kara rahe the| usake stUpa meM vidruma, candrakAnta, padmarAga, aravinda, nIlamaNi aura sphaTika jar3e hue the| usake sone ke khambhoM meM aMjana aura lAla raMga se mizrita rekhAoM se bAlakoM (bAlakAkRti putaliyoM) ko citrita kiyA gayA thA, jinake mukha-vivara se muktAjala ke nikalane kA vilAsa pradarzita thaa| usameM marakata, vaiDUrya aura pulakamaNi se khacita vedikA banI huI thii| gozIrSacandana kI chaTA se damakatI tathA kAlAguru dhUpa se vAsita usa zivikA se nikalatA huA mohaka saurabha sabhI dizAoM meM phaila rahA thaa| deva aura manuSya usa zivikA ko Dho rahe the (ikkIsavA~ ketumatIlambha : pR. 347) / ___ gavAkSoM se jhA~kate hue strImukha kI aMkana-ruci bhAratIya svarNakAla ke vAstu kI vizeSatA thii| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, jagaha-jagaha, prasaMgAnusAra bhavana ke vAtAyanoM (khulI khir3akiyoM, gavAkSoM (jAlIdAra khir3akiyoM) evaM dvAroM para Akara sundariyoM ke jhA~kane yA puSpavRSTi karane Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| rUpavAn vasudeva jaba ghara se bAhara nikalate the, taba rUpalolupa taruNiyA~ vAtAyanoM, gavAkSoM evaM dvAroM para Akara unake punardarzana kI pratIkSA meM citrAMkita-sI khar3I rahakara pUrA dina bitA detI thiiN| mUla isa prakAra hai: "kumAro sArayacaMdo viva jaNaNayaNasuhao

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253 vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ suddhacAritto jAe jAe disAe nijjAi tato tato taruNivaggo teNa samaM takkammo bhamati, jA ya taruNIo tAo vAyAyaNagavakkhajAlaMtara duvAradesesu 'niyattamANaM passissAmo' tti potyakammajakkhIo viva divasaM gameMti .. " (prathama zyAmAvijayAlambha, pR. 120) / isI prakAra, zreSThI kAmadeva kI putrI bandhumatI ke sAtha divya zivikA para savAra hokara atizaya priyadarzana vasudeva jaba rAjakula kI ora cale, taba rUpavismita mahala kI yuvatiyA~ pA~ca raMga ke sugandhita phUla aura gandhacUrNa barasAne lagI aura dekhane ke lobha se antaHpura ke loga (strIjana) vAtAyanoM, gavAkSoM aura chajjoM kI jAliyoM para umar3a Aye : "pAsAyagayAo juvatIo vimhitAo muyaMti kusumavarisaM surahipaMcavaNNANi gaMdhacuNNANi ya. . . DhabbalobheNa ya aMteurajaNeNa vAyAyaNa-gavakkha-vitaDDiyajAlaMtarANi pUriyANi" (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 281) / isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne AsthAnamaNDapa, abhyantaropasthAna, zayanagRha Adi rAjaprAsAda ke vAstuviSayaka vibhinna aMgoM aura upAMgoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| manuSyoM ke vAsagRha ko bhavana aura devoM ke vAsagRha ko vimAna kahA jAtA thaa| 'sthAnAMga' (6.107) ke anusAra, vimAna kI U~cAI chaha sau yojana hotI thii| saMghadAsagaNI ne yathAprasaMga bhavana aura vimAna, donoM hI vAstuoM kA aMkana kiyA hai| prAcIna vAstukAroM (varddhakiratna) meM vAstunirmANa ke prati sahaja Adara rahatA thA aura ve daivI zakti se sampanna hote the tathA apanI vAsturacanA meM sahaja sukha kA anubhava karate the| isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' (somazrIlambha : pR. 309) meM likhA hai ki paramaguru tIrthaMkara RSabhasvAmI kI parinirvANa-bhUmi meM, prathama cakravartI rAjA bharata ke Adeza se, daivI zakti se sampanna zreSTha vAstukAroM ne sampUrNa Adara ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka aneka stUpoM aura jinAyatanoM kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| vaha jinAyatana sabhI prakAra ke ratnoM se jaTita thA aura vahA~ deva, dAnava aura vidyAdhara AgrahapUrvaka arcanA-vandanA ke lie Ate the| saMghadAsagaNI ke anusAra, prAsAda ke sAtha atizaya durlabha rUpa (sundariyA~) aura viSayasukha kA nityasambandha hai ('dullahatare vva rUva-pAsAya-visayasuhasaMpagADhe, ketumatIlambha : pR. 340) / saMghadAsagaNI ke anusAra, prAcIna vAstuzilpI suraMga khodane yA talaghara banAne meM bhI kuzala the| rAjagRha kI saptaparNI guphA kI suraMga bhI prAcIna itihAsa kA eka adbhuta sthApatya hai / lAkSAgRha se suraMga khodakara pANDavoM ke nikala bhAgane kI kathA mahAbhArata meM prasiddha hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke eka kathA-prasaMga meM ullekha hai ki duzcaritra purohita ko bA~dha rakhane ke lie puSyadeva ne apane ghara meM suraMga (bhUmighara) khudavAI thI (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 296)|lohe ko sonA banAne ke rasa kI prApti ke lobha meM kue~ (vajrakuNDa) meM praviSTa cArudatta ko chor3a tridaNDI jaba bhAga gayA thA, taba vaha (cArudatta) usa kue~ se sambaddha suraMga ke rAste, kue~ meM pAnI pIne ke lie AnevAlI goha kI pU~cha pakar3akara bAhara nikalA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 147) / agaDadatta muni kI AtmakathA meM bhI carcA AI hai ki pracchannacaura tridaNDI ke zAntigRha ke bhItara bane bhUmighara meM usakI bahana rahatI thI (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 41) / dhArmika sthaloM, vizeSakara mahantoM aura paNDoM ke tathAkathita pUjAgRhoM meM suraMga yA bhUmigRha hone kI bAta Aja bhI satya hai| ye bhUmigRha, khAsa taura se chipakara kiye jAnevAle jaghanya anAcAroM ke aDDe (kendra) huA karate haiN| Adhunika kAla meM bhI, bhAgalapura (prAcIna aMga) jile ke kA~variyA bAbA kI prasiddha dharmazAlA ke

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254 vasudevasiDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA antarbhAga meM sthita bhUmigRha ke, durAcAra aura vyabhicAra kA kendra hone kI bAta prakAza meM AI hai| sAtha hI, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kapaTa-tridaNDI kI agaDadatta dvArA kI gaI hatyA kI tulanA ukta kA~variyA bAbA kI hatyA se sahaja hI kI jA sakatI hai| kAlabheda aura dezabheda ke bAvajUda vAtAvaraNa, pAtra aura ghaTanA kI dRSTi se donoM vRttAntoM meM saghana sAmya hai| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI kI vAstu-parikalpanA meM lokajIvana ke zAzvata pakSoM kA sahaja samAveza bhI bar3I samIcInatA ke sAtha huA hai aura isakI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI surakSita hai| . niSkarSa : ___'vasudevahiNDI' ke vAstuviSayaka uparyukta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki saMghadAsagaNI vividha imAratoM kI vyApaka saMkalpanA aura dUragAmI vAstu-kalpanA ke abhikalpana se sambaddha kalAoM aura vidyAoM meM pAraMgata the| nakze aura paimAne dvArA pratirUpa banAye binA unhoMne apanI vaicArika zakti se utkRSTa koTi ke bhavana aura unake paryAvaraNa taiyAra karane meM jisa kalArucira AsthA kA paricaya diyA hai, usase yaha sahajagamya hai ki vaha vAstukalA ko yathocita rUpa meM samajhate the aura bhavanoM yA vibhinna vAstuoM ke abhikalpana tathA unakI racanA ke nirdezana kI apUrva kSamatA unameM Atmastha thii| vaha sacce artha meM vAstuka (AciMTekTa) the| saMghadAsagaNI kI vAstu-kalpanA meM kAlabodha tathA sthAna-jJAna ke sAtha hI yugIna pravRtti zrI pratibimbita hai| apanI sarjanAtmaka pratibhA ke bala para kathAkAra ne jo vAstusRSTi kI hai, vaha navIna aura asAdhAraNa hone ke sAtha hI bhAvanApUrNa aura upayukta hai| kathAkAra kA vAstuviSayaka anumAna bilakula spaSTa hai, jise unhoMne pratyutpanna kalpanA-cAturya tathA vipula varNanaprauDhi se mUrta evaM pratyakSa kara diyA hai| kathAkAra dvArA sRSTa vAstu se vAstukAra ke udyama, utsAha, saMracanAtmaka samRddhi, racanA-paddhati kI anekatAnatA, sAtizaya saundarya aura vAstavika upayogitA ke sAtha hI usake sAMskRtika svarUpa kI pavitratA prakaTa hotI hai| isI netRtvapUrNa naiSThika sarjanAtmakatA ke kAraNa hI vAstukAra ko mUrtimAn sraSTA kahA gayA hai aura vAstukalA ko sabhI kalAoM kI jananI mAnA gayA hai| kahanA na hogA ki AcArya saMghadAsagaNI kuzala vAstukoM ke anivArya guNoM aura vizeSatAoM se paricita the| vAstukalA meM lalitakalA ke saMskAra kI pratiSThA ke nimitta urvara aura udAra viveka dvArA niyantrita kalpanAzakti kA prayoga apekSita hai| vAstuka kA yaha viveka sAmAnya saundaryazAstra (lalitakalA) aura dArzanika pakSa ke jJAna para AdhRta hotA hai| isake lie use bahuzruta aura bahupaThita, ataeva bahubhASAbhijJa honA Avazyaka hai| brAhmaNa-paramparA ke prasiddha vAstukAra vizvakarmA aura mayadAnava mahAn zAstrajJa the| unakI cakita-vismita karanevAlI vAstu-racanA kI carcA aura arcA meM 'rAmAyaNa', 'mahAbhArata' aura purANoM kI aneka mUlyavAn paMktiyA~ mukhara haiN| mandira yA bhavana kI vAsturacanA puruSAkRti yA paramapuruSAkAra kI racanA kA anukalpa hotI hai| phalataH, vAstukAra mAnava ke paryAvaraNa kA AkalpI hotA hai| ataeva, prAMzuprajJa kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne mAnavIya bhAvoM ke mUlyAMkana ke lie apanI vAstu-parikalpanA ko bhUgola,

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 255 samAjazAstra, arthazAstra, vanaspati-jIvana kA jJAna tathA pura-niveza evaM nAgarika Akalpana se sambaddha karane kI mahatI prajJA kA prauDhatama paricaya upanyasta kiyA hai| kathAkAra kI yathAvarNita vAstuvidhi se yaha spaSTa saMketita hai ki usane paramparA-prathita vAstukalA ko lalitakalA kI zAkhA ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai, isalie usane stama bhavana-nirmANa kA jo paryAvaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, vaha kalAtmaka ruci ke lie atyanta priya, saundarya-bhAvanA kA paripoSaka aura sAtizaya Anandavarddhaka ho gayA hai| (Ga) lalita kalAe~ bhAratIya cintakoM ne jIvana aura kalA meM avicchinna sambandha svIkAra kiyA hai| upayoga, arthAt bodha yA cetanA hI jIva kA lakSaNa hai|' jIva AtmA kA hI paryAyavAcI zabda hai| cetanAzakti-sampannatA yA cetanA hI AtmA kA guNa hai| bodha, cetanA aura jJAna, sabhI samAnArthI haiN| jIva hI jIvana kA sRSTibIja hai| jIva kA upayoga yA jJAna sva-para-prakAzarUpa hai, isalie use apanI sattA kA avabodha hotA hai ki 'maiM huuN'| dUsare, use isa bAta kI bhI pratIti hotI hai ki mere pAsa anya padArtha bhI haiN| prakRti se prApta ye anya padArtha usa jIva yA AtmA ke lie aneka prakAra se upayogI siddha hote haiM / kucha padArtha to bhojya-sAmagrI banakara jIva ke zarIra kA poSaNa karate haiM aura kucha padArtha jaise vRkSa, guphA, parvata Adi prakRti kI pratikUla sthitiyoM-varSA, tApa, zIta Adi se usakI rakSA karate haiM aura use Azraya bhI dete haiN| manuSyetara prANI yA jIva, jaise pazu-pakSI Adi prAkRtika padArthoM kA upayoga kevala sAmAnya jIvana-yApana ke lie karate haiN| kintu, manuSya apanI jJAnazakti kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa unakA upayoga vizeSa DhaMga se karatI hai| manuSya svabhAvataH yA prakRtyA jijJAsu hotA hai| vaha prakRti ko vizeSa rUpa se, gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi se samajhanA cAhatA hai| isI bodhaviziSTatA yA jJAnaguNa ke kAraNa usane prakRti para vizeSAdhikAra sthApita kiyA hai aura vijJAna tathA darzanazAstroM kA vikAsa isI krama meM huA hai| sadasadviveka kI kSamatA manuSya ke jJAnaguNa kA dUsarA ullekhanIya pakSa hai| isI guNa kI preraNA se usane dhArmika aura naitika Adarza sthApita kiye haiM aura tadanusAra hI apane jIvana ko parimArjita, saMskRta aura kalAvareNya banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| mAnava-samAja kI uttarottara sabhyatA ke vikAsa tathA saMsAra meM anekavidha mAnava-saMskatiyoM ke AviSkAra kA yahI kAraNa hai| ___saundarya kI upAsanA manuSya kA tIsarA viziSTa guNa hai| vaha apane poSaNa aura rakSaNa ke nimitta jina padArthoM kA mAdhyama grahaNa karatA hai, unheM uttarottara sundara aura ramaNIya banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| svAdu aura rucikara bhojya padArthoM kI sRSTi athavA sundara veza-bhUSA kA nirmANa usakI saundaryopAsaka pravRtti kA hI paricAyaka haiN| kintu mAnava kI saundaryopAsanA yA mAnavIya sabhyatA ke carama vikAsa meM usakI kalA-sAdhanA hI vizeSa sahAyaka huI hai| yaha kalA mukhyataH pA~ca rUpoM meM vibhakta hai : gRhanirmANa (vAstu yA gRhanirmANa kalA), mUrtikalA, citrakalA, saMgItakalA aura kaavyklaa| ina pA~coM kalAoM kA prArambha mAnava-jIvana ke lie upayoga kI dRSTi se hI huaa| 1. upayogo lkssnnm|'-tttvaarthsuutr : umAsvAti. 28

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* 256 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA ___ DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne ina pA~coM kalAoM kI mAnavIya upayogitA kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai ki manuSya ne prAkRtika guphAoM Adi meM rahate-rahate kramazaH apane Azraya ke lie lakar3I, miTTI aura patthara ke ghara banAye; apane pUrvajoM kI smRtirakSA ke lie prArambha meM nirAkAra aura phira sAkAra pASANa-stambhoM Adi kI sthApanA kI; apane anubhavoM kI smRti ko rUpAyita karane ke lie rekhAcitra khIMce aura apane baccoM ko sulAne aura rijhAne yA manovinoda ke lie gIta gAye aura kisse-kahAnI sunaaye| kintu, usane apanI ina kalA-pravRttiyoM meM uttarottara aisA pariSkAra kiyA ki kAlAntara meM unake bhautika upayoga kI apekSA unakA saundarya-pakSa adhika prabala ho gayA aura isa prakAra ina upayogI kalAoM ne lalitakalAoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| kahanA na hogA ki Aja lalitakalAe~ hI kisI bhI deza yA samAja kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke anivArya pratIka mAnI jAtI haiN| __Upara yathAvyAkRta sandarbha se yaha spaSTa hai ki kalA kI maulika preraNA manuSya kI jijJAsA aura usakI saundaryAbhivyakti kI sahaja icchA yA svAbhAvika vRtti se upalabdha hotI hai| isalie, kalA kA uddezya kalA hote hue bhI, prAkRtika saundaryavRtti kI abhivyakti ke lie svIkRta AlambanoM kI dRSTi se (usakA uddezya) jIvana kA utkarSa bhI hai| aisI sthiti meM, DaoN. kumAra vimala ke vicArAnusAra, kalA meM, manuSya ko usake vAstavika pariveza meM, caturdika phaile hue yathArtha ke vRtta meM, dekhane aura aMkita karane kI ceSTA sahaja hI pratiSThita ho jAtI hai, phira bhI kalA pUrNataH laukika yA vyAvahArika na rahakara nyUnAdhika rUpa meM lokottara yA vyavahAra-jagat se kiMcit bhinna avazya hI banI rahatI hai| prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM kalA ke prati AdhyAtmika yA dhArmika dRSTikoNa ko vizeSa mUlya diyA gayA hai| yaha bAta sAmAnyataH bhAratIya aura vizeSataH jaina kalAkRtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| brAhmaNa-paramparA meM kalA-darzana ke tIna mukhya nikAya the : rasabrahmavAda, nAdabrahmavAda tathA vastubrahmavAda / bhAratIya darzana kI 'sarvaM khalvidaM brahma kI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para hI kalA ke tInoM nikAyoM (rasa, nAda aura vastu) ko brahmamaya dekhA gayA hai| vyutpatti kI dRSTi se bhI 'kalA' zabda kA artha AdhyAtmika bhAvanA se jur3A huA hai| 'kalA' zabda kI siddhi 'kal' dhAtu ke sAtha 'kac' pratyaya aura strIvAcI 'TAp' (A) pratyaya ke yoga se huI hai| kal dhAtu ko pANini prabhRti prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM ne gatyarthaka aura saMkhyAnArthaka mAnA hai| 'saMkhyAna' zabda kI siddhi 'khyA' dhAtu se na hokara (jisakA artha kathana, udghoSaNa yA saMvAdana hotA hai) 'cakSiA vyaktAyAM vAci', arthAt vyakta vAgarthaka (spaSTa vANI meM prakaTana ke artha kA vAcaka) 'cakSiG' (cakS) dhAtu se huI hai| 'cakSiG' ke sthAna para 'khyA' Adeza ho jAtA hai, jisakA artha avadhAnapUrvaka dekhanA bhI hai ('ayaM darzane'pi'-siddhAntakaumudI, 374) / 'saMkhyAna' zabda kA artha gaNanA karanA yA saMkalana hotA hai| isI AdhAra para vaha manana, cintana aura dhyAna se bhI jur3a jAtA hai| 'kumArasambhava' meM mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne dhyAna ke artha meM hI 'prasaMkhyAna' kA prayoga kiyA hai| ("zrutApsarogItirapi kSaNe'smin haraH prasaMkhyAnaparo bbhuuv|"-ku saM., 3.40) arthAt, "usa samaya kevala ziva hI 1. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna' (jainakalA) : vyAkhyAna 4, pR. 282 2. kalA-vivecana',prAkkathana, pR.8

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 257 divya apsarAoM ke gItoM ko sunakara bhI AtmadhyAna meM saMlIna raha gaye / " isa prakAra, 'kalA' zabda kA artha vaha mAnavIya kriyA hai, jisakA vizeSa lakSaNa 'dhyAna- dRSTi se dekhanA', 'gaNanA yA saMkalana karanA', 'manana aura cintana karanA' evaM 'spaSTa rUpa se prakaTa karanA hai / ' vAtsyAyana ke pUrvavartI babhruputra pAMcAla ne kalAoM ko mUla aura Antara- ina do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA thA / pAMcAla ke mata se mUla kalAe~ cauMsaTha haiM aura Antara kalAe~ pA~ca sau aTThAraha / isa prakAra, bhAratIya sAhitya meM kula pA~ca sau berAsI kalAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / sampradAyAnusAra, vibhinna AcAryoM ne kalAoM kI vibhinna sUciyA~ prastuta kI haiM, kintu cauMsaTha mUla kalAe~ hI bahucarcita aura lokAdRta haiN| bauddha AmnAya ke prasiddha grantha 'lalitavistara' meM chiyAsI se adhika kalAoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai, to jaina AmnAya ke prasiddha sUtra 'samavAyAMga' tathA rAjazekharasUri ke 'prabandhakoza' meM chiyAsI kalAoM kI sUcI upalabdha hotI hai / 'samavAyAMga' tathA 'prabandhakoza' kI kalAsUciyoM meM bhUyazaH pArthakya hai / 'samavAyAMga' ne 'lekha' se 'zakunaruta' taka bahattara kalAe~ mAnI haiM, to 'prabandhakoza' ne 'likhita' se 'kevalI - vidhi' taka bahattara kalAoM kI gaNanA kI hai| kintu zaivatantra aura vAtsyAyana ke 'kAmazAstra' tathA 'zukranItisAra' meM bhI kevala cauMsaTha kalAoM kI hI sUcI prApta hotI / kalAoM kI cauMsaTha saMkhyA ke aucitya ke sambandha meM aneka tarka prastuta kiye gaye haiM, jinakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki cauMsaTha kI saMkhyA dhArmika rUpa se pavitra hai, isalie kalAe~ cauMsaTha hI mAnI gaIM / 'bhAgavatapurANa' kI TIkAoM meM bhI cauMsaTha kalAoM kI hI gaNanA kI gaI hai| yadyapi, bANabhaTTa kI 'kAdambarI' meM ar3atAlIsa kalAe~ parigaNita haiM / 'kAmasUtra' ke TIkAkAra yazodhara ne apanI eka svatantra sUcI dI hai aura unheM zAstrAntaroM se prApta cauMsaTha mUlakalAe~ kahA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki inhIM cauMsaTha mUla kalAoM ke bhedopabheda pA~ca sau aTThAraha hote haiM / 3 prAcIna kalAzAstriyoM ke anusAra, zreSTha kalA vaha hai, jo AtmA ko paramAnanda meM lInakara detI hai / sambhogottara vizrAnti denevAlI kalA saccI kalA nahIM hai / vizrAntiryasyAH sambhoge sA kalA na kalA matA / lIyate paramAnande yayAtmA sA parA kalA || bAbhravya pAMcAla ke pazcAt bharatamuni ne apane nATyazAstra meM kalAoM ko 'mukhya' aura 'gauNa'- ina do rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA / antatogatvA, bhAratIya brahmavidoM ne kalAoM kA vibhAjana 'svatantra' aura 'Azrita' ina do rUpoM meM kiyaa| DaoN. kAnticandra pANDeya ne ukta donoM kalAoM ke lakSaNa nirdhArita karate hue kahA hai ki svatantra kalAe~ ve haiM, jo parabrahma yA paratattva ko indriyagrAhya rUpa meM anubhavakartA ke sAmane upasthita karatI haiM, jisase sahRdaya vyakti ko parabrahma ke satya svarUpa kA anubhava prApta ho jAtA hai ('lIyate paramAnande ) ; kintu Azrita yA upayoginI kalAe~ ve haiM, jo mAnava-jAti ke upayoga meM AnevAlI vibhinna vastuoM ko utpanna kara usakI sukhavRddhi meM sahAyaka hotI haiM / pAzcAtya kalAzAstrI hIgela dvArA svIkRta pA~ca prakAra kI lalitakalAoM ko 1. vizeSa draSTavya : svattkalAzAstra (pUrvavat), pR. 4 / 2. uparivat, pR. 25 3. vizeSa dra. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, (pUrvavat, pR. 291

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258 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA prAcIna / bhAratIya kalAcAryoM ne tIna prakAra kI svatantra kalAoM-kAvya (nATya), saMgIta aura vAstu (gRha, mUrti aura citrazilpa) meM hI antarbhukta mAnA hai / nizcaya hI, lalitakalAoM kI ukta paMcavidhatA unake paravarttI bhedamUlaka vikAsa ko dyotita karatI hai 1 1 prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM kalA ko 'mahAmAyA kA cinmaya vilAsa' kahA gayA hai| prAcInoM lAgata dRSTikoNa meM tIna bAtoM kI pramukhatA prApta hotI hai : (ka) kalA ke AvaraNa meM tattvavAda, (kha) kalA meM kalpanA kA tattva aura (ga) kalA kI aitihya paramparA / prAcIna kalAmarmajJoM ne kalA ko mahAziva kI Adi sisRkSA-zakti se sambaddha mAnA hai / 'lalitAstavarAja' se jJAta hotA hai ki ziva ko jaba lIlA ke prayojana kI anubhUti hotI hai, taba mahAzaktirUpA mahAmAyA jagat kI sRSTi karatI hai / ataH, ziva kI lIlAsakhI hone ke kAraNa mahAmAyA ko 'lalitA' kahA gayA hai aura yaha mAnA gayA hai ki inhIM 'lalitA' ke lAlitya se lalitakalAoM (phAina ArTsa) kI sRSTi huI hai / ' paravartI kAla meM saundaryazAstra ke cintaka jaba zilpa aura usake darzana para sUkSma vicAra karane lage, taba kalA kA vibhAjana yA vargIkaraNa upayogI aura lalitakalA ke rUpa meM huA / arvAcIna yuga meM 'kalA' zabda meM nihita saundarya cetanA itanI abhivyaMjaka ho uThI ki 'lalita' vizeSaNa ke vinA hI vaha abhIpsita artha ko dyotita karane lgii| aura isa prakAra, sAmAnya vyavahAra meM 'lalitakalA' ke lie 'kalA' kA hI vyavahAra hone lagA / kAlakrama se kalA kI sarjanA aura bhAvanA meM AdhyAtmika cetanA kA hrAsa hotA calA gayA aura vaha 'surati - sAdhanA ke ucca stara se ratikrIr3A ke zayanAgAra meM utara aaii| isa prakAra, lalitakalA 'lolikA kalA' ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gii| zaivadarzana meM bhogalAlasA se lipta kalAsRSTi ko 'lolikA' kahA gayA hai| isa vinAzakAriNI kalA ke doSa se bacane ke lie zaivadarzana ne kalA-sarjanA meM 'jJAna' (pratyabhijJA) kI AvazyakatA kA nirdeza kiyA hai| jJAnahIna kalA 'doSAlayA' aura jJAnasampanna kalA 'zubhA' hotI hai / kintu, kalA meM kAmabhAvanA yA ratyAtmakatA kA vikAsa AdikAlIna hai / prAcyavidyA meM pratipAdita zaivazAktAgama-sammata kAmakalA kI AdhyAtmikatA yA usakI brahmasvarUpatA kA Akalana karate hue mahAmahopAdhyAya paM. gopInAtha kavirAja ne likhA hai ki 'a' kAra-rUpa prakAza ke sAtha 'ha' kAra - rUpa vimarza kA, arthAt agni ke sAtha soma kA sAmyabhAva hI 'kAma' yA 'ravi' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| zAstra meM jisa agnISomAtmaka bindu kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, vaha bhI yahI hai| ziva hI 'a' aura zakti hI 'ha' hai - bindurUpa meM yahI 'ahaM' athavA pUrNAhatA hai / sAmyabhaMga hone para yaha bindu praspandita hokara zukla aura rakta bindu ke rUpa meM AvirbhUta hotA hai / isa praspandana - kArya se jo abhivyakta hotA hai, use hI zAstra meM saMvit athavA caitanya ke nAma se varNita kiyA jAtA hai| isI kA dUsarA nAma citkalA hai|.. prakAza zuklabindu hai aura vimarza raktabindu tathA donoM kA pArasparika anupravezAtmaka sAmya mizrabindu hai / isI sAmya kA dUsarA nAma paramAtmA hai| jaisA pahale kahA gayA, isI ko 'ravi' yA 'kAma' ke nAma se pukArate haiN| agni aura soma isI kAma ke kalAvizeSa haiN| ataeva, kAmakalA kahane se tInoM binduoM kA bodha hotA hai| ina tIna binduoM kA samaSTibhUta mahAtrikoNa hI divyAkSarasvarUpA 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dra. 'kalA-vivecana' (pUrvavat, pR. 26-27

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 259 AdyAzakti kA apanA rUpa hai / isake madhya meM ravi-bindu devI ke mukharUpa meM, agni aura soma-bindu stanadvaya ke rUpa meM tathA 'ha'kAra kI arddhakalA athavA hArddhakalA yoni-rUpa meM kalpita hotI hai| yaha hArddhakalA ati rahasyamaya guhyatattva hai / parama sattA kI yAmala avasthA meM eka cit tathA dUsarI Ananda ke rUpa meM AvirbhUta hotI hai, kintu donoM hI kalA haiM- citkalA aura aanndklaa| ye donoM hI niSkala paramasattA ko pRSThabhUmi meM rakhakara udita hotI haiN| yaha niSkala paramasattA yadi sat hai, to ye donoM hI kalAe~ usakI antaraMga kalA cit aura Ananda ke rUpa meM gRhIta hone yogya haiN| ina tInoM ko milita rUpa meM saccidAnanda brahma kahate haiN| vAtsyAyana ne bhI kalA meM kAmakalA kI AnuSaMgikatA ko ziva aura pArvatI ke rativilAsa se anubaddha kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhAratavarSa meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ye cAra puruSArtha haiM aura samagra mAnava-jIvana inhIM puruSArthoM kI siddhi kA upAya nirantara DhU~r3hatA rahatA hai| puruSArtha kI siddhi hI jIvana kA carama lakSya hai| ukta puruSArthoM kI siddhi ke lie vedAnuvartI sAhitya ko cAra prazAkhAoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA-dharmazAstra, arthazAstra, kAmazAstra aura mokSa (darzana) zAstra / kAmazAstra kA sarvotkRSTa grantha vAtsyAyana-kRta kAmasUtra hai| vAtsyAyana ne kAmakalA ko paramparAgata jJAnadhArA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue likhA hai ki devAdhideva mahAdeva ke pratiSThita anucara nandI ne apane svAmI ke gRhadvAra para usa samaya kAmasUtra ko eka sahasra adhyAyoM meM likhA, jisa samaya ziva aura pArvatI ratikrIDA meM nimagna the| isa kRti ko uddAlakaputra zvetaketu ne pA~ca sau adhyAyoM meM saMkSipta kiyaa| zvetaketu kI isa kRti ko babhUputra pAMcAla ne saMkSipta karate hue eka sau pacAsa adhyAyoM meM yathAnirdiSTa sAta viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA : 1. sAdhAraNam (sAmAnya baate)| 2. sAmprayogikam (kAmasiddhi ke upAya evaM sAdhanoM kI praapti)| 3. kanyAsamprayuktakam (vivAha kI vidhiyA~ aura usake ruup)| 4. bhAryAdhikArikam (palI ke dharma aura krtvy)| 5. pAradArikam (dUsare kI patnI ke prema ko pAne ke upAya tathA saadhn)| 6. vaizikam (vezyAoM se sambaddha baate)| 7. aupaniSadikam (rahasyamaya, arthAt gupta rogoM ke upcaar-nirdesh)| pATaliputra meM nivAsa karanevAlI vezyAoM ke Agraha para dattaka ne isa grantha ke vezyAlayoM se sambaddha aMza kA pRthak rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA aura pAMcAla-praNIta grantha ke anya viSayoM kA pratipAdana kramaza: cArAyaNa, suvarNanAbha, ghoTakamukha, gonIya, goNikAputra tathA kucumAra ne kiyA thaa| vAtsyAyana ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki unakA kAmazAstra pAMcAla-racita grantha para AdhRta hai| 1. tAntrika vAGmaya meM zAktadRSTi (dvi.saM), pR.89 aura 261 2. kAmasUtra,4 3. tatraiva, 5 4. tatraiva, 381

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260 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA isalie, unakA kAmazAstra bhI sAta bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai, jinakA upavibhAjana cauMsaTha prakaraNoM meM kiyA gayA hai / ataeva, inhIM prakaraNoM ke anusAra isameM una cauMsaTha kalAoM kA varNana hai, jo mAnava-jIvana ke puruSArtha 'kAma' kI siddhi meM sahAyaka haiN| jJAtavya hai ki pUrvokta nandI-racita sahasrAdhyAyAtmaka kAmazAstra Aja aprApya hai / 'lalitavistara' kI chiyAsI kalAoM meM parigaNita cauMsaTha kAmakalAoM ('catuHSaSTi kAmakalitAni cAnubhaviyA, 21. 215 ) se yaha spaSTa dyotita hotA hai ki usa kAla taka kalAoM kA kAma ke sAtha kSetra-bIjasaMyoga ho cukA thA aura ve udAtta AdhyAtmikatA kA pratiloma bana cukI thIM / kathApaNDita kSemendra ke 'kalAvilAsa' kI kalAsUcI se yaha samarthana milatA hai ki paramparayA vezyAe~ bhI kalA kI adhiSThAtrI ke rUpa meM svIkRta thIM / kintu yaha dhyAtavya hai ki dyUta, vezyA, pAna Adi kalAoM ko uttarakalA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai 1 Adhunika saundaryavAdiyoM ne upayogitA aura saundarya ke AdhAra para kalA ko upayogI kalA aura lalitakalA - ina do vargoM meM bhale hI vibhakta kara diyA hai, kintu pUrvokta pA~ca kalAoM kI pratyeka vidhA ke lAlitya ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kalA jaba bhI hogI, lalita hI hogI, cAhe vaha upayogI kalA hI kyoM na ho / yadyapi, yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki upayogI kalA kA sambandha hamArI bhautika AvazyakatAoM kI sampUrti tathA sabhyatA ke krama vikAsa se hai, jabaki lalitakalA hamAre saundaryabodha, sAMskRtika vikAsa aura AdhyAtmika cetanA se sambaddha hai| phira bhI, upayogitA aura saundarya meM kisI prakAra kA antarvirodha yA pArasparika vaiSamya nahIM hai / DaoN. kumAra vimala ne isa sandarbha ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki upayogitA aura saundarya meM na to pArasparika virodha hai aura na inakI yugapat sthiti meM karkaza rasabAdha; pratyuta inakI ubhayaniSThatA kAna ko karNaphUla aura karNaphUla ko kAna pradAna karatI hai / 3 kalA kA uparyukta vibhAjana vastutaH arastU kI dena hai| arastU ke anusAra upayogI kalA lalitakalA kI bhA~ti prakRti kA anusaraNa nahIM prastuta karatI, apitu usake abhAvoM kI pUrti karatI hai| tadanusAra, upayogI kalA kA mUla uddezya manuSya kI una AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hai, jinake lie prakRti ne koI vikalpa nahIM prastuta kiyA hai| aura, upayogI kalAoM kI yaha pUrti-prakriyA svatantra na hokara prakRti ke anukaraNa para Azrita hai| isa prakAra, kula milAkara, arastU kA kalA-siddhAnta anukaraNavAda para AdhRta hai| arastU kI yaha sthApanA hai ki anukaraNa kavitA, saMgIta aura nRtya meM laya-tAla ke Azraya se sampanna hotA hai / ukta kalAtrayI meM tAlagati, bhASA aura rAga meM se eka athavA sabake yoga se anukaraNa kI sRSTi kI jAtI hai / kahanA na hogA ki kalAoM kA prakAra-nirdhAraNa, vibhAjana aura vargIkaraNa kI carcA paryApta vivAda kA viSaya hai tathA isapara pAzcAtya aura paurastya kalA - manISiyoM ne bahuvidha vivecana ko vipula vistAra diyA hai| svIkRta prasaMga meM itanA jJAtavya hai ki saMghadAsagaNI jaise prAcIna AtmaniSTha vicAraka ne kalAoM 1. kAmasUtra, 41 . 2. hAriNyazcaTulatarA bahulataraGgAzca nimnagAminyaH / nadya iva jaladimadhye vezyAhRdaye kalAzcatuH SaSTiH // 3. kalA-vivecana (pUrvavat), pra. saM., san 1968 I, pR. 45 kalAvilAsa, sarga4, vezyAvRtta

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 261 ke vibhAjana aura vargIkaraNa kA koI saMketa nahIM diyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM kalAe~ apanI samagratA aura vyApakatA ke sandarbha meM hI grAhya huI haiN| AcArya saMghadAsagaNI dvArA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita kalA-sandarbha kA mUlAdhAra 'samavAyAMgasUtra' yA 'aupapAtika sUtra' meM parigaNita bahattara kalAoM ko hI mAnA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki unhoMne apanI kalA-carcA meM jagaha-jagaha bahattara kalAoM kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| jaise : "devaloge ya devA devIo ya savve bAvattarikalApaMDiyA bhavaMti (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 288) / " (arthAt, devaloka meM deva aura deviyA~ sabhI bahattara kalAoM meM paNDita hote haiN)| "kAleNa ya lehAiyAsu gaNiyappahANAsu sauNaruyapajjavasANAsu bAvattarIsu kalAsu abhigamo geNa kto| (pR. 27 : dhammillahiNDI) " arthAt, dhammilla ne kAlakrama se, lekha Adi gaNitapradhAna se zakunaruta-paryanta bahattara kalAoM kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| 'samavAyAMgasUtra' ke anusAra, bahattara kalAe~ isa prakAra haiM : 1. lekha, 2. gaNita, 3. rUpa, 4. nRtya, 5. gIta, 6. vAdya, 7. svaragata, 8. puSkaragata, 9. samatAla, 10. dyUta, 11. janavAda, 12..pokkhacca (dyUtakrIr3A kA prakAra), 13. aSTApada, 14. udakamRttikA, 15. annavidhi, 16. pAnavidhi, 17. vastravidhi, 18. zayanavidhi, 19. AryA, 20. prahelikA, 21. mAgadhikA, 22. gAthA, 23. zloka, 24. gandhayukti, 25. madhusiktha, 26. AbharaNavidhi, 27. taruNI pratikarma, 28. strIlakSaNa, 29. puruSalakSaNa, 30. hayalakSaNa, 31. gajalakSaNa, 32. goNa (vRSabhalakSaNa), 33. kukkuTalakSaNa, 34. meNDAlakSaNa, 35. cakralakSaNa, 36. chatralakSaNa 37. daNDalakSaNa, 38. asilakSaNA, 39. maNilakSaNa, 40. kAkanilakSaNa, 41. carmalakSaNa, 42. candralakSaNa, 43. sUryacarita, 44. rAhucarita, 45. grahacarita, 46. saubhAgyakara, 47. durbhAgyakara, 48. vidyAgata, 49. mantragata, 50. rahasyagata, 51. sabhAsa, 52. cAra, 53. praticAra, 54. vyUha, 55. prativyUha, 56. skandhAvAramAna, 57. nagaramAna, 58. vAstumAna, 59. skandhAvAraniveza, 60. vAstuniveza, 61. nagaraniveza, 62. iSvastra, 63. tsarupravAda. (churI, kaTAra, khaDga Adi ke calAne kI kalA), 64. azvazikSA, 65. hastizikSA, 66. dhanurveda, 67. hiraNyapAka, suvarNapAka, maNipAka, dhAtupAka, 68. bAhuyuddha, daNDayuddha, muSTiyuddha, yaSTiyuddha, yuddha, niryuddha, yuddhAtiyuddha, 69. sUtrakrIr3A, nAlikAkrIDA, vRttakrIDA, dharmakrIDA, carmakrIDA, 70. patracchedya, kaTakacchedya, 71. sajIva-nirjIva aura 72. shkunrut| ___ bahattara kalAoM kI sUcI 'aupapAtikasUtra' (107) meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| yaha sUcI kucha nAmoM meM hera-phera ke sAtha 'samavAyAMga' kI kalAsUcI se milatI-julatI-sI hai| 'samavAyAMga' kI kalAsUcI meM eka saMkhyA ke bhItara (jaise, saMkhyA 67, 68, 69 aura 70) aneka kalAoM ke nAma ullikhita haiN| inako yadi pRthak rUpa se ginA jAya, to kalAoM kI kula saMkhyA usI prakAra 86 ho jAtI hai, jisa prakAra mahAyAna bauddha paramparA ke 'lalitavistara' nAmaka grantha meM chiyAsI kalAoM kI sUcI prApta hotI hai| 'prabandhakoza' ke antargata 'bappabhaTTasUriprabandha' (pR. 28) meM jo bahattara kalAoM kI sUcI upalabdha hotI hai, vaha 'samavAyAMgasUtra' kI sUcI se bahuta bhinna hai / 'prabandhakoza' kI sUcI meM prAcyabhASAvarga (saMskRtam, prAkRtam, paizAcikam, apabhraMzam aura dezabhASA) ko bhI kalA meM parigaNita kiyA hai, kintu 'samavAyAMga' kI kalAsUcI meM isakI gaNanA nahIM kI gaI hai| kahanA na hogA lalitakalA ke vargIkaraNa kI bhA~ti kalAoM kI sUcI meM bhI matavaibhinya pAyA jAtA hai| isalie, kalAoM ke yathokta prakAra-nirdhAraNa meM vaijJAnikatA tathA nAmabhedoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM miltii|

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262 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI nivRttimArgI jainadharma ke AcArya hone ke sAtha hI sacce kathAkAra bhI haiN| unakI kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM unake ukta donoM rUpoM ke darzana hote haiN| jainadharma-darzana kI carcA karate samaya ve ekadama nivRttimArgI jainAcArya kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate haiM, kintu kathA kahane ke krama meM unake pravRttimArgI rasapezala kathAkovida kA manohArI rUpa udbhAvita ho uThatA hai| unakA kathAkAra kisI sampradAya ke prati pratibaddhatA yA pUrvAgraha se grasta nahIM hai, apitu usane nirantara nirvaiyaktika rahakara rasaghaniSTha tAne-bAne se apane kathApaTa ko bunA hai| aura, yahI kAraNa hai ki kathAkAra ne apanI isa mahatkRti meM kalA-sandarbho ko upasthApita karane ke krama meM kevala jainAgamokta kalAsUcI kA hI anusaraNa nahIM kiyA hai, apitu zaivAgama aura vAtsyAyana-sammata kalAsUcI ke anusAra bhI aneka kalAprasaMgoM kI avatAraNA kI hai| vizeSatayA, gaNikA-prasaMga kI udbhAvanA meM to kathAkAra ne babhruputra pAMcAlasammata 'vaizika' kalA kA viziSTa varNana bar3I rocakatA aura rahasya-romAMcakatA ke sAtha upasthita kiyA hai| kahanA na hogA ki kathA ke AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne Anandopalabdhi ko hI bhAratIya kalA kI sarvotkRSTa vizeSatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isalie, unake dvArA saMketita bahattara kalAoM kI sUcI AgamAnusArI hote hue bhI kathAviniyoga ke krama meM kisI lakSamaNarekhA meM Abaddha nahIM hai, apitu vaha 'sakalaprayojanamaulibhUta' hai| saMghadAsagaNI ko hama, paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke zabdoM meM, saundaryavAdI kaha sakate hai; kyoMki ve nivattimArga ke saMkIrNa Agraha meM na paDakara vizaddha alaukika Ananda kI jJAnagocaratA ke pakSapAtI rahe haiN| paNDitarAja ne ramaNIyatA kI paribhASA meM kahA bhI hai : "ramaNIyatA lokottarAhAdAt jJAnagocaratA (rsgNgaadhr)|" nissandeha, upa- niSad-kAla se hI pravAhita hotI calI A rahI bhAratIya AnandavAda kI ajasra rasadhArA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI ApAtaramaNIya hokara ucchalita huI hai| kalA meM AnandavAdI dRSTi kI pradhAnatA kA kAraNa bhAratIya jIvana-darzana kA prabhAva hai| bhAratIya cintana meM Ananda-tattva kA sAtizaya mUlya-mahattva hai| 'taittirIyopaniSad' ke SaSTha anuvAka meM likhA hai: "AnandAddhyeva khalvimAni bhUtAni jaaynte| Anandena jAtAni jiivnti| AnandaM pryntybhisNvishntiiti|" arthAt, Ananda se hI yaha jagat nirmita hai, Ananda hI isakA jIvanadAtA hai, Ananda kI ora hI isakI gati unmukha hai tathA Ananda meM hI isakA antima vilaya hai| saMghadAsagaNI kA kalAtmaka Ananda na kevala laukika hai aura na alaukika / unhoMne to ise lokAloka meM ekarasa anusyUta lakSya kiyA hai aura tabhI to likhA hai ki manuSya aura vidyAdharoM ke atirikta deva aura deviyA~ bhI bahattara kalAoM meM paNDita hotI haiM (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 288) / bhAratIya kalAdRSTi kI eka sImA yaha bhI hai ki yaha pratyeka kalAvastu ko vizuddha saundarya ke rUpa meM grahaNa na kara usameM dhArmikatA kA tulasIdala DAla detI hai| dhArmikatA ke kaThina nigaDana ne bhAratIya kalAkAroM ke cetana, avacetana yA prAkcetana meM sarvadA varjanA kA tarjanI-saMketa kiyA hai| DaoN. kumAra vimala ne bhAratIya kalAkAroM kI ukta dvividhA-bhAvanA kI AlocanA karate hue sUktyAtmaka zailI meM bahuta hI ucita kahA hai : "do nAva para pA~va rakhane ke kAraNa bhAratIya kalAkAra kI sthiti kucha beDhaba-sI rahI hai| zarad-pUno kI cA~danI meM sampanna honevAlI rAsalIlA ke citroM meM na mandira ke dhUpa-dhUmra kI pAvanatA A sakI hai aura na keligRha kI nirnimeSa unmaadktaa|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 263 dharma aura kAma (zRMgAra) ke bIca trizaMku kI taraha Ta~gA huA bhAratIya kalAkAra saundarya ko svayaM eka vyApaka vibhu mAnakara samAdRta nahIM kara sakA hai| "" kintu, saMghadAsagaNI kI dhyAtavya vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne kalAdRSTi kI isa sImA ko apanI kathA ke zilpa kI udbhAvanA ke krama meM, tathAkathita rUpa meM saMkIrNa nahIM hone diyA hai, na hI vaha saMskAragata dvidhA meM par3akara dharmaviruddha kAma aura kAmaviruddha dharma meM kisI eka ko cuna sakane kI asamarthatA se AkrAnta hue haiN| phalataH, unake dvArA citrita saundarya kalA ke phalaka para mizrita yA kuNThita hone kI apekSA tato'dhika vizadatA aura udAttatA ke sAtha rUpAyita huA hai| unhoMne dharma aura kAma ke kalAtmaka saundarya ko sarvathA svatantra rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA hai| phalataH, unakI kalAdRSTi yA kalAtmaka Adarza, puruSArthacatuSTaya kI siddhi ke jIvanAdarza meM gatArtha hote hue bhI apanI vizuddhatA kA svatantra abhijJAna upasthita karatA hai / phira bhI, kahIM-kahIM kalA ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmika sandeza kI abhivyakti meM unakA bhAratIya saMskAra balAt ubhara AyA hai aura unakI yaha bhAratIya kalA - dhAraNA pratyakSa ho uThI hai ki AtmA ke Antarika cetana ke spandana ke binA bhautika kalAsRSTi pUrNatA nahIM prApta kara sktii| isa prakAra, vaha nissandeha mukta kalA-cetanA ke rUDhiprauDha kathAkAra pramANita hote / isa sandarbha meM 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aMkita katipaya kalAtmaka AsaMga draSTavya haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne patracchedyakalA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 58 aura gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 134) kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo uparyukta bahattara kalAoM meM sattaravIM saMkhyA meM parigaNita hai / vastuta: yaha pattoM aura tRNoM ko aneka prakAra se kATa-chA~Takara sundara AkAra kI vastue~ banAne kI kalA hai / isa kalA kI kathA kA prasaMga isa prakAra hai : campAnagarI ke nikaTa candA nAma nadI bahatI thI / dhammilla jala ke nikaTa kSaNabhara ke lie baitthaa| vahA~ usane kamala kA pattA lekara (nadI meM kamala kA honA bhI kathArUDhi hI hai) usakA aneka prakAra kA patracchedya banAyA, phira use sUkhe valkala kI nAva para rakhakara nadI meM chor3a diyA, jo bahatA huA gaMgAnadI meM pahu~ca gyaa| isa prakAra, vaha patracchedya banAtA aura use nadI meM chor3atA rahA / tabhI, usane dekhA ki nadItaTa se do AdamI jaldI-jaldI A rahe haiN| ve donoM usake pAsa Aye aura unhoMne pUchA : "kisane isa patracchedya kI racanA kI hai ?" "maiMne " dhammilla ne kahA / taba una donoM AdamiyoM ne kahA: "svAmI ! isa nagarI meM kapila nAma rAjA haiN| unake yuvarAja kA nAma ravisena hai| vaha gaMgAtaTa para lalitagoSThI meM khela rahe the ki unhoMne patracchedya jala meM bahate hue dekhA aura hameM patA lagAne ko bhejA ki yaha patracchedya bar3I nipuNatA ke sAtha kisane banAyA hai / usI krama meM Apake darzana hue| kRpApUrvaka Apa yuvarAja ke pAsa caleM / " dhammilla yuvarAja ke samIpa gayA (pR. 58) / isase spaSTa hai ki patracchedya- kalA rAjagharAnoM meM paryApta priya thI aura isa kalA ke vizeSajJoM ko rAjA aura yuvarAja kI ora se sAtizaya sammAna prApta hotA thA / patracchedya, citrakalA kA hI viziSTa prakAra hai / yaha kalA 'lalitavistara' kI kalAsUcI meM bhI parigaNita hai, jisakI tulanA vAtsyAyana ke kAmazAstra kI vizeSakacchedya kalA' se kI jA sakatI hai / 1. kalA-vivecana (pUrvavat, pR. 116-117 /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApta ullekha se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki isa citrakalA kI racanA nadI - taTa para baiThakara kamala ke patte se hI kI jAtI thii| kyoMki, tIsare gandharvadattAlambha (pR. 134) meM ThIka uparivat prasaMga upalabdha hotA hai : cArudatta aura usake sAthiyoM ne nadI meM utarakara paira dhoye phira, ve vibhinna krIDAoM meM rama gye| kamala ke pattoM ko lekara patracchedya banAne lge| isake bAda ve sabhI nadI ke dUsare srota ke nikaTa cale gaye / vahA~ gomukha ne kamala kA pattA liyA aura aMjali ke AkAra kA donA banAkara pAnI ke pravAha meM chor3a diyA / 264 saMghadAsagaNI ne tAmrapatra, cIvara aura parade para citrAMkana kA ullekha kiyA hai / tAmrapatra aura cIvara - citra kI kathA pA~caveM somazrIlambha (pR. 189) meM bar3I rocakatA ke sAtha varNita hai / sundarI sulasA ko prApta karane ke mArga meM rAjA sagara kA eka pratidvandvI thA madhupiMgalaM / use nIcA dikhAne ke lie rAjA sagara ke purohita ne eka tAmrapatra para rAjA ke zarIra kI AkRti tathA usake prazasta lakSaNa aMkita karAye aura madhupiMgala ke lakSaNahIna hone kI bAta likhavA dii| isake bAda usa tAmrapatra ko triphalA ke rasa meM bhigokara kAlA kara diyA, tAki prAcIna jAna par3e, phira use tAmrakalaza meM rakhakara nagara ke bAhara dUrvAmayI bhUmi meM gAr3a diyaa| usI bhUmi para puSkariNI banAne kI rAjAjJA huI aura cakravartI rAjA sagara ke adhInastha rAjAoM ne jaba bhUmi kI khudAI kI, taba vaha tAmrakalaza niklaa| usameM kisI kaMka RSi kA havAlA dekara rAjA sagara ko sulakSaNa batAyA gayA thA aura piMga ko lakSaNahI / isa bAta kI jAnakArI jaba upasthita rAjAoM ko huI, taba sabane milakara sulasA kI svayaMvara - sabhA meM madhupiMgala kI khUba bhartsanA kI; kyoMki vaha prAcIna RSi dvArA lakSaNahIna batAyA gayA thA / madhupiMgala lajjita hokara svayaMvara - sabhA se bAhara calA gayA aura sulasA ne rAjA sagara kA varaNa kara liyA / chabbIsaveM lalita zrIlambha 362) meM svayaM vasudeva dvArA cIvara para citra aMkita karane kI kathA AI hai, jisameM unhoMne vivAha ke pUrva lalita zrI ke pAsa mRgacarita ke vyAja se virahadagdha Atmacarita citrita karake bhijavAyA hai| kalAviduSI gaNikA lalitazrI ke pAsa preSita cIvara - citra meM vasudeva ne jo kalAvastu aMkita kI thI, vaha isa prakAra hai : mRgayUtha se bhraSTa akelA kanakapRSTha mRga cAroM ora apanI dRSTi daur3A rahA hai aura mRgI ko na dekhakara udAsa bhAva se rote hue usane apane ko jaMgalI Aga ke bIca DAla diyA hai| usa citra meM vasudeva ne apane ko viyoga- vinaSTa darzanIya (dayanIya) mRgacarita ko dekhatA huA citrita kiyA / ukta citra itanA mArmika aura kalAtmaka thA ki lalitazrI ne usa citra ko phailAkara dhyAnanizcala A~khoM se dera taka dekhA, A~sU se usake gAla aura payodhara bhIMga gaye / kapar3e para citra aMkita karane kA eka aura prasaMga 'vasudevahiNDI' meM upalabdha hotA hai| cauthe nIlayazAlambha (pR. 173) kI kathA hai ki nirnAmikA dvArA usake pUrvabhava kI kathA sunakara usakI dhAI ne usake priyatama lalitAMgadeva khoja ke lie pUre pUrvabhava - carita ko kapar3e para citrita kiyA thaa| dhAI aura nirnAmikA ne milakara vibhinna raMgoM kI paTTiyoM se bar3A paTa (phalaka) taiyAra kiyaa| pahale usameM nandigrAma kA citra banAyA gayA, phira ambaratilaka parvata para azoka vRkSa ke nIce AsIna AcArya yugandhara ko citrita kiyA gayA aura phira unakI vandanA meM Aye devamithuna ko dikhAyA gayA / IzAnakalpa meM zrIprabha vimAna ko devamithuna ke sAtha citrita kiyA gyaa| isake

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 265 bAda bAlasakhA svayambuddha aura mantrI sambhinnazoka ke sAtha rAjA mahAbala kA citra aMkita kiyA gyaa| tapasyA se sUkhI huI dehavAlI nirnAmikA ko bhI citrita kiyA gayA aura phira nAma- sahita lalitAMga tathA svayamprabhA ke citra banAye gaye / I dhAI usa citraphalaka ko lekara dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa calI gaI / vahA~ use usane rAjamArga para phailA diyA / use dekhakara citrakalAkuzala loga zAstrIya dRSTi se pramANa mAnate hue usakI prazaMsA karate aura jo citrakalA ke marmajJa nahIM the, ve kevala varNa aura rUpa kI zlAghA karate / rAjA durmarSaNa kA putra kumAra durdAnta citraphalaka ko kSaNabhara dekhakara mUrcchita ho par3A, phira kSaNabhara meM Azvasta ho utthaa| logoM ne usase pUchA, to usane batAyA ki citraphalaka meM apane carita ko aMkita dekhakara mujhe jAtismaraNa ho aayaa| maiM pUrvabhava meM lalitAMgadeva thA aura svayamprabhA (nirnAmikA) merI rAnI thii| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne citra ke mAdhyama se nAyaka-nAyikA ke milana ke bar3e manohArI prasaMga upanyasta kiye haiM, sAtha hI phalaka para vibhinna raMgoM kI yojanA ke mAdhyama se abhIpsita kathA ke pUre pariveza ke bhAvapUrNa zAbdika citraNa karake unhoMne nAyaka-nAyikA kI bhAvAkula manodazA ko vyaMjanAgarbha banAkara use rasa kI sRSTi karanevAlI manojJa kalAtmaka pRSThabhUmi pradAna kI hai / kahanA na hogA ki rasadRSTi hI bhAratIya kalA kI sarvotkRSTa vizeSatA hai / nRtya, nATya aura saMgIta : bahattara kalAoM meM parigaNita kAvya, saMgIta (vAdya), nRtya aura nATya lalita kalA pramukha aMga haiM / kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne kAvya kA utkRSTatama rUpa nATaka mAnA hai, isalie nATya ko hI unhoMne kAvyasthAnIya banAyA hai / ve jaba-jaba lalitagoSThI yA nRtyagoSThI kI carcA karate haiM, usameM nATya ke prasaMga kA ullekha avazya karate haiM / bhAratIya dhAraNA ke anusAra, jisa prakAra citrakalA aura mUrttikalA sthApatya kI aMgIbhUta kalAe~ haiM, usI prakAra nRtya aura saMgIta-kalAe~ nATyakalA kI sahayoginI haiN| vibhinna kalAkRtiyA~ jIvana ke jina vibhinna sthitiyoM aura mUlyoM kI abhivyaMjanA karatI haiM, nATya meM unakA pradarzana tato'dhika saphalatApUrvaka hotA hai / kyoMki, nATaka kA AsvAda netroM aura kAnoM dvArA prApta kiyA jAtA hai| inhIM donoM jJAnendriyoM ke lie hI nATaka adhika rucikara hotA hai; kyoMki rasAnubhUti ke lie ye donoM jJAnendriyA~ hI sarvAdhika upayukta haiN| nRtya kI paramparA Rgveda kAla se hI pracalita hai| Rgveda ke yuga meM strI-puruSa donoM nRtya karate the| vaMzayaSTi ko Upara AkAza kI ora uThAkara nRtya karate hue strI-puruSoM kA ullekha Rgveda meM huA hai / ' nAcanevAle puruSoM ko 'nRta' aura nAcanevAlI striyoM ko 'nRtu' kahA jAtA thA / 'nRtu' zabda kadAcit usa nRtyajIvI nArI ke lie prayukta hotA thA, jo nRtya ke samaya kar3he hue vastroM ko dhAraNa karatI thI aura logoM ko AkRSTa karane ke lie apane stanoM ko nagna kara detI thii| yuddha ke avasara para uttejita hone kI sthiti meM indra nRtya karate the / Rgveda meM eka 1. Rgveda,1.19.1 2. adhi pezAMsi vapate nRturivAporNute vakSa usreva varjaham I jyotirvizvasmai bhuvanAya kRNvatI gAvo na vrajaM vyuSA AvarttamaH // Rgveda, 192.4

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266 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA 1 sthala para kisI antyeSTi kriyA ke avasara para nRtya ke sAtha hAsa kI bhI carcA AI hai| 'agnipurANa' ke'nRtyAdAvaGgakarmanirUpaNam' nAmaka prakaraNa (zlo. 1-21) meM bhI nRtya kI anekavidha mudrAoM ke bhedopabhedoM kA vivaraNa ullikhita hai, jisameM aMga-pratyaMga (sira, hAtha, vakSaHsthala, pArzvabhAga, kamara, paira, bhauMha, nAka, hoMTha, grIvA) kI ceSTAoM (hAva-bhAva ) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / agnideva ke kathanAnusAra, aMga-pratyaMga kA ceSTAvizeSa aura karma hI nRtya hai / yaha abalAzrita zarIrArambha hai ( zlo. 1) / nATya kA bhI Adisrota veda hI hai| AcArya bharata ne nATaka ko paMcama veda kahA 1 unhoMne apane nATyazAstra meM batAyA hai ki brahmA ne Rgveda se pAThya (saMvAda), sAmaveda se saMgIta, yajurveda se abhinaya tathA atharvaveda se rasatattvoM ko Akalita kara nATyaveda kA nirmANa kiyA / 2 Rgveda meM aise sUkta upalabdha haiM, jinameM saMvAda yA kathopakathana hai / ye sUkta sarvAdhika prAcIna racanA - praNAlI ke rUpa meM likhe jAne ke kAraNa paravarttI nATyakRtiyoM kI racanA kA AdhAra bane haiM, aisI mAnyatA bahupracalita hai / kathopakathana - sUktoM meM sarvAdhika prasiddha sUkta purUravA tathA urvazI kA saMvAda hai / kAlidAsa ke 'vikramorvazIya' nATaka meM isI kathA kA vikAsa pUrNa nATakIya rUpa meM dikhAI par3atA hai / 'agnipurANa' meM bhI, 'nATaka - nirUpaNam' prakaraNa meM ( zlo. 1 - 27) nATaka ke bhedopabhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / vizvanAtha mahApAtra ke 'sAhityadarpaNa' ke SaSTha pariccheda meM yathAprastuta nATaka-viSayaka vivecana bahulAMzataH 'agnipurANa' ke isI nATakanirUpaNa - prakaraNa para AdhRta hai / agnideva ne nATya ko trivarga (dharma, artha aura kAma) kA sAdhana batAyA hai : 'trivargasAdhanaM nATyam / ' jainoM ke dvAdazAMgoM meM tRtIya 'ThANaM' ke caturtha sthAna meM bhI nATya aura abhinaya kA ullekha huA hai| usameM nATya cAra prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM: aMcita, ribhita, ArabhaTa aura sola / abhinaya bhI cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM: dAntika, prAtizruta, sAmAnyatovinipAtika aura lokamadhyAvasita / 1 aMcita : ': nATyazAstra meM 108 karaNa mAne jAte haiN| karaNa kA artha hai- aMga tathA pratyaMga kI kriyAoM ko eka sAtha samaMjasita karanA / aMcita teIsavAM karaNa hai| 'ThANaM' (muni nathamala dvArA sampAdita tathA jainavizvabhAratI, lADanUM se prakAzita) kI vivRti meM batAyA gayA hai ki isa nATyAbhinaya meM pairoM ko svastika mudrA meM rakhA jAtA hai tathA dakSiNa hasta ko kaTihasta (nRttahasta) kI mudrA meM / vAmahasta ko vyAvRtta tathA parivRtta kara nAsikA ke pAsa aMcita karane se yaha mudrA banatI hai| 'aMcita' sira se sambaddha teraha abhinayoM meM AThavA~ hai / koI cintAtura manuSya hAtha 3 para Thor3I TikAkara sira ko nIcA rakhe, to usa mudrA ko 'aMcita' mAnA jAtA hai / 'rAjapraznIyasUtra' meM ise 25vA~ nATyabheda mAnA gayA hai| ArabhaTa : mAyA, indrajAla, saMgrAma, krodha, udbhrAnti Adi ceSTAoM se yukta tathA vadha, bandhana Adi se uddhata nATaka ko ArabhaTa yA ArabhaTI kahA jAtA thaa| vizvanAtha mahApAtra ne isake cAra 1. uparivat 10. 18.3 2 jagrAha pAThyamRgvedAt sAmabhyo gItameva ca / yajurvedAdabhinayAn ssAnAtharvaNAdapi // (1 / 17) 3. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'bhAratIya saMgIta kA itihAsa' : zrIumeza jozI, pR. 425

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 267 bheda kahe haiM : vastUtthApana, sampheTa, saMkSipti aura avapAtana / ' 'rAjapraznIyasUtra' meM ArabhaTa ko aTThArahavA~ nATyabheda mAnA gayA hai / 'ThANaM' meM ullikhita 'ribhita' aura 'bhasola' ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta nahIM hai / 'rAjapraznIyasUtra' meM 'bhasola' ko unatIsavA~ nATyabheda kahA gayA hai / sambhava hai. 'ribhita' aura 'bhasola' lokanATya rahe hoMge, isalie zAstrIya granthoM meM unakA vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM A sakA / 'sthAnAMgavRtti' ke patra 2 meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki "nATyageyAbhinayasUtrANi sampradAyAbhAvAnna vivRtAni / " arthAt, paramparAgata jAnakArI ke abhAva meM nATya, geya aura abhinaya - viSayaka sUtroM kA vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA / kAvya yA nATya ke sAtha saMgIta kA rasaghaniSTha sambandha hai / saMgItakalA dhvani athavA svara kA mAdhyama rUpa se upayoga karatI hai / saMgIta kA Adisrota chandobaddha vaidika RcAoM ko mAnA jAtA hai / yoM, saMgIta yA gAndharva ko sAmaveda kA upaveda mAnane kI paramparA pracalita bhI hai / vasudevahiNDIkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne saMgIta ke artha meM adhikAMzataH 'gAndharva' zabda kA hI vyavahAra kiyA hai / saMgIta ke pramukha prAcIna upakaraNa dundubhi kA ullekha vedoM meM hai / (Rk, 6.47.29 - 31) / Rgveda meM tIna prakAra ke vAdyayantroM kA varNana milatA hai : AghAta se bajanevAle, jaise Dhola (dundubhi) Adi, tAra se bane hue, jaise vINA Adi aura vAyu ke saMcAra se bajanevAle, jaise bA~surI aadi| vaidika mantroM se yaha siddha hai ki purAyuga meM saMgIta ko atyadhika AdaraNIya sthAna prApta thA / veda meM vAdya evaM geya donoM rUpoM meM saMgIta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / vaidika kAla meM eka 'karkarI' (kAlAntara meM 'carcarI' ke rUpa meM vikasita) nAma kA vAdya pracalita thA, jo sambhavataH vINAsthAnIya thA (Rk, 2.43.3) / marutoM ke vAdyoM ke nAma kSoNI, vINA aura vANa the (Rk, 2.34.13) / veda ke katipaya bhASyakAra 'vANa' kA artha bA~surI mAnate haiM / sAmaveda gAnapradhAna hai| sAmaveda ke gAnoM ke prakAra ko svarasaMketoM dvArA prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / Arcika pATha ko gAna ke rUpa meM vyavahRta karane ke lie usameM Avazyaka parivartana karane kI paramparA thii| unameM sAta svaroM kA saMketa eka se sAta saMkhyAoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai| atyanta prAcIna bhAratIya saMgIta kA vizada varNana sAmaveda ke ArSeya brAhmaNa meM prApta hotA hai, jo Adhunika kAla taka bhAratIya saMgIta ke lie AdhArAdarza banA huA hai 1 'ThANaM' meM bhI saMgItaviSayaka vAdya aura geya ke prakAroM kA varNana milatA hai / ukta Agama caturtha sthAna meM vAdya ke cAra prakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai: tata (vINA Adi), vitata (Dhola Adi), ghana (kAMsyatAla Adi) aura zuSira (bA~surI Adi) / geya bhI cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM: 2. (ka) mAyendrajAla-saGgrAma-krodho bhrAntAdiceSTiteH / saMyuktA vadhabandhAdyeruddhatArabhaTI matA vastUsthApanasampheTo saMkSiptira vapAtanam || 1 iti bhedAstu catvAra ArabhaTayAH prakIrttitAH // (kha) bhaTTarudrane bhI ArabhaTI vRtti ke lakSaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo vizvanAtha ke lakSaNa se sAmya rakhatA hai: yA citrayuddhabhramazastrapAtamAyendrajAlamlutilaGghitADhyA / ojasvigurvakSarabandhagADhA jJeyA budheH sArabhaTIti vRttiH // - durgAprasAda dviveda--kRta sAhityadarpaNa kI 'chAyA' nAmaka vivRti se uddhRta

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268 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA utkSiptaka, patraka, mantraka aura rovindaka / muni nathamala ne 'ThANaM' ke vAdyaviSayaka sUtra kI vizada TippaNI prastuta kI hai| tadanusAra, 'tata' kA artha hai- tantrIyukta vAdya / AcArya bharata ne tatavAdyoM meM vipaMcI evaM citrA ko pramukha tathA kacchapI evaM ghoSA ko unakA aMgabhUta mAnA hai| citrA vINA sAta tantriyoM se nibaddha hotI thI aura una tatriyoM kA vAdana aMguliyoM se kiyA jAtA thaa| vipaMcI meM nau tantriyA~ hotI thIM, jinakA vAdanaM 'koNa' (vINAvAdana kA daNDa) se kiyA jAtA thaa| bharata ne kacchapI tathA ghoSakA yA ghoSA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA hai| 'saMgItaratnAkara' (zAMrgadeva) ke anusAra, ghoSA ekatantrI vINA hai| AcAracUlA tathA nizItha meM vINA, vipaMcI, baddhIsaga, tuNaya, pavaNa, tuMbavINiyA, DhaMkuNa aura jhoDaya, ye vAdya 'tata' ke antargata haiN| 'saMgItadAmodara' meM tata vAdya ke 29 prakAra ginAye gaye haiM : alAvaNI, (AlApinI), brahmavINA, kinnarI, laghukinnarI, vipaMcI, vallakI, jyeSThA, citrA, ghoSavatI, jayA, hastikA, kubjikA, kUrmI, sAraMgI, parivAdinI, trizavI, zatacandrI, nakulauSThI, DhaMsavI, audumbarI, pinAkI, niHzaMka, zuSkala, gadAvAraNahasta, rudra, svaramaNamala, kapilAsa, madhusyandI aura ghossaa| vitata : carma se Anaddha vAdyoM ko vitata kahA jAtA hai| gIta aura vAdya ke sAtha tAla evaM laya ke pradarzanArtha carmAvanaddha vAdyoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| inameM mRdaMga, paNava (tantrIyukta avanaddha vAdya), dardura (kalazAkAra carma se Anaddha vAdya : dakSiNabhAratIya vAdya 'ghaTam), bherI, DiNDima, paTaha Adi mukhya haiN| ye vAdya komala bhAvanAoM kA uddIpana karane ke sAtha-sAtha vIrocita utsAha bar3hAne meM bhI kAryakara hote haiN| ataH inakA upayoga dhArmika samArambhoM tathA yuddhoM meM bhI hotA rahA hai| bharata ke carmAvanaddha vAdyoM meM mRdaMga tathA dardura pradhAna hai tathA mallakI aura paTaha gauNa / AcAracUlA meM mRdaMga, nandImRdaMga aura jhallarI ko tathA 'nizItha meM mRdaMga, nandI, jhallarI, Damaruka, mar3aya, saya, pradeza, golakI Adi vAdyoM ko vitata ke antargata kahA gayA hai| inake atirikta bhI muraja, DhakkA, paNava, trivalI, huDukkA, jhallI Adi aneka vAdya vitata meM parigaNita hue haiN|' ghana : kAMsya Adi dhAtuoM se nirmita vAdya ghana kahalAte haiN| karatAla, kAMsyavana, nayaghaTA, zuktikA, kaNThikA, paTavAdya, paTTaghoSa, gharghara, jhaMjhatAla, maMjIra, kartarI, uSkUka Adi isake kaI prakAra haiN| AcAracUlA meM tAla zabda ke antargata tAla, kaMsatAla, lattiya, gohiya, aura kirakiriyA kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| 'nizItha' meM ghana zabda ke antargata tAla, kaMsatAla, lattiya, gohiya, makariya, kacchamI, mahati, saNAliyA aura vAliyA nAmaka vAdya ullikhita hue haiN|11 1. bharata : nATyazAstra, 33.15 2. uparivat, 29.114 3. saMgItaratnakara, vAdyAdhyAya, pR. 248 : 'ghosskhshcaiktntrikaa|' 4. aMgasuttANi, bhAga 1,pR. 209; AyAracUlA,11.2 5.nisIhajjhayaNaM,17.138 6. prAcIna bhArata ke vAdyayantra, kalyANa" (hindU-saMskRti-aMka), pR.721-722 7. aMgasuttANi, bhAga 1, pR. 209; AyAracUlA, 11.1 8.nisIhajjhayaNaM, 17.137 9. prAcIna bhArata ke vAdyayantra, "kalyANa" (hindU-saMskRti aMka), pR.721-722 10.aMgasuttANi, bhAga 1,pR. 209; AyAracUlA,113 11.nisIhajjhayaNaM, 17.139

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269 vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ zuSira : phUMka se bajAye jAnevAle vAdya ko zuSira kahA jAtA hai| bharata muni ne isake antargata vaMzavAdya ko 'aMgabhUta' aura zaMkha tathA DikkinI Adi vAdyoM ko 'pratyaMga' kahA hai|' yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki vaMzavAdaka ko gIta-sambandhI guNoM se yukta tathA balasampanna aura dRDhAnila honA caahie| jisameM prANazakti kI nyUnatA hotI hai, vaha zuSira vAdyoM ko bajAne yA phaeNkane meM saphala nahIM ho sktaa| bharata ke 'nATyazAstra' ke tIsare adhyAya meM inake vAdana kA vistRta varNana prApta hotA hai| vaMzI pramukha zuSira vAdya hai aura yaha veNudaNDa se banAI jAtI hai| "ThANaM' ke yathollikhita geyapadoM meM do- rovindaka aura mandraka kA bharatanATyokta rovindaka aura mandraka se sAmya hai| bharata nATyazAstra (31.288-414) meM 'saptarUpa' ke nAma se prathita prAcIna gItoM kA vistRta varNana hai| ina gItoM ke nAma haiM : mandraka, aparAntaka, prakarI, oveNaka, ullopyaka, rovindaka aura uttara / isa prakAra, uparivivRta nRtya, nATya aura saMgIta-vAdyoM ke vivecana se prAcIna bhAratIya vicArakoM aura saMgItakAroM ke sAtizaya vilakSaNa vizleSaNAtmaka pratibhA kA paricaya milatA hai| yahA~, yathAnivedita lalitakalA ke tattvoM ke pariprekSya meM 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya nRtya, nATya aura sAMgItika sandarbho kA paryavekSaNa prasaMgopAtta hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne lalitakalA ke mukhya kendra ke rUpa meM lalitagoSThI aura nRtyagoSThI kA ullekha kiyA hai| usa samaya ke yuvarAja lalitagoSThiyoM meM apane goSThikoM (maNDalI) ke sAtha madavihvala yuvatiyoM ke nRtya, gIta aura vAditra kA Ananda lete the (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 64) / goSThiyoM ke mukhiyA (mahattaraka) ke Adeza aura nirdeza sabhI goSThikoM ke lie mAnya hotA thA (tatraiva : pR. 58) / ye lalitagoSThiyA~ goSThikoM ko rativicakSaNatA kA prazikSaNa detI thiiN| dhammillacarita (pR. 28) meM kathA AI hai ki dhammilla vivAha hone ke bAda bhI strI se parAGmukha rahatA thaa| taba usakI mA~ subhadrA ne viSaya-vimukha apane putra ko 'upabhogarativicakSaNa' banAne ke nimitta use lalitagoSThI meM praveza dilavA diyaa| usake bAda vaha (dhammilla) apanI maNDalI ke mitroM ke sAtha udyAna, kAnana, sabhA, vanAntara Adi sthAnoM meM jJAna, vijJAna Adi kalAoM meM paraspara eka-dUsare se bar3ha-car3hakara kauzala dikhalAtA huA samaya bitAne lgaa| . eka dina zatrudamana nAma ke rAjA ne lalitagoSThI ke mukhiyA se kahA ki "maiM vasantasenA gaNikA kI putrI vasantatilakA kI nRtyavidhi pahalI bAra dekhanA cAhatA hU~, isalie koI nRtya kA jAnakAra mujhe diijie|" goSThI ke sadasyoM ne dhammilla ko usake sAtha kara diyaa| rAjA ke anya AcArya bhI usake sAtha the| rAjA unake sAtha lalitagoSThI meM baitthaa| usake bAda vasantatilakA ne Akara nRtya ke upayukta nayanamanohara raMgabhUmi para saMgIta, vAdya, svara, tAla aura hAva-bhAva ke sAtha apanA nRtya prastuta kiyaa| vezyAputrI ne nRtyavidhi zAstrIya paddhati se prastuta kI thii| 1. bharata : nATyazAstra, 33.17 2. uparivat,33.464

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270 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA ____saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI nRtyakalAmarmajJatA pradarzita karate hue kahA hai ki vasantatilakA jaba nRtya ke upayukta bhUmi para prazasta nRtya kara rahI thI, taba usakA zRMgAra aura AbharaNa se sajjita rUpa-lAvaNya darzanIya ho uThA thA; vilAsa kA Aveza aura madhura svara usake nRtya meM cAra cA~da lagA rahe the; vaha apanA padanikSepa zAstropadiSTa paddhati se kara rahI thI; paruSAkSara aura madhurAkSara ke anurUpa usakA AlApa thA; vaha apane hAtha, bhauMha aura mu~ha ke abhinaya, . hAva-bhAva (bibboka) aura netrasaMcAra se zreSTha nRtyakalA meM Azcaryajanaka kuzalatA kA pradarzana kara rahI thI; hAtha ke atirikta, usake aMga-pratyaMga kI vibhinna kriyAoM ke saMcAraNa kI vidhi meM adbhuta sAmaMjasya thA; tantrI (vINA) kA svara, tAla aura gIta ke bola se mizrita usakA nRtya sacamuca bar3I divyatA ke sAtha samApta huaa| usake divya nRtya kI samApti para sabhI darzaka sahasA bola uThe- "oha ! adbhuta !!" (tahiM ca divvasamANe NaTTAvasANe Naccie savvapAsaNiehiM 'aho ! ! ! vimhau' tti sahasA ukkuTuM"; (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 28) / / prastuta nRtyacitra meM kathAkAra ne nRtya, nATya, saMgIta aura vAdya ina sabhI kalAoM kA rasavarSI samanvaya upasthita kiyA hai| vasantatilakA ne vastrabhUSA pahanakara apanI A~khoM aura bhauMhoM tathA zarIra ke anya aMga-pratyaMga ke paricAlana dvArA apanI nRtyakalA meM viziSTa mAnasika dazA ko pradarzita kiyA hai| gIta, nRtya (nATya) aura vAdya, ina tInoM kalAoM kA sAmUhika nAma saMgIta hai, ataeva isa nRtya meM saMgItakalA se udbhUta anubhava ke lokottara tala para Ananda kI anubhUti kI sRSTi huI hai| vasantatilakA meM, nRtyakalA ke dvArA tanmayatA utpanna karane kI adbhuta zakti nihita thI, isalie sabhI darzaka indriyabodha ke stara se AtmavismRti ke stara taka aura phira vahA~ se tanmayatA ke stara taka pahu~cakara apane-apane vyaktitva ko vasantatilakA ke vyaktitva meM laya kara dete haiM, usake bhAvAtmaka anubhavoM kI anubhUti svayaM karane lagate haiM aura taba unakI jJAnadazA rasadazA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| aura phira, rasa kI carvaNA-kriyA yA anubhUti ke praticintana dvArA ve eka aisI udAtta dhyAnAvasthita manobhUmi meM pahu~ca jAte haiM, jahA~ navayauvanA krIDAmayI gaNikAsundarI suravadhU yA devAMganA ke rUpa meM bhAsamAna ho uThatI hai| isIlie, jaba rAjA zatrudamana dhammilla se pUchatA hai ki "gaNikA ne kaisA nRtya kiyA", taba dhammilla uttara detA hai : "suravadhU ke nRtya ke samAna nRtya kiyA (ttraiv)|" nRtya se rasAbhivyakti ke sambandha meM AcArya bharata kA kathana hai ki vividha prakAra ke nRtta (nRtya) vividha rasoM ko abhivyakta karate haiN| nRtya ke sAtha honevAle gIta ke svara una bhAvoM ko vyakta karane meM saphala ho jAte haiM, jinako kAvyabhASA vyakta nahIM kara sakatI hai|' isa prakAra, bharata ke matAnusAra nRtya bhI rasAbhivyakti kA eka sAdhana hai| gaNikA : lalitakalA kI AcAryA : saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mukhyakathA vasudevacarita ke vyApaka prasaMga meM kalAvatI viduSI gaNikAoM ke rasocchala citroM kA antargarbha viniyoga kara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki usa 1. abhinavabhAratI, 1.175 aura 182 /

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ yuga meM gaNikAgRha hI lalitakalAoM kA pradhAna kendra thA aura gaNikAe~ hI lalitakalA kI AcAryAe~ hotI thIM / vasantatilakA ke uttama nRtya se parituSTa hokara rAjA ne rAjocita pUjA - satkAra se use sammAnita karake vidA kiyaa| vasantatilakA jaba calane lagI, taba vaha apane prazaMsaka dhammilla ko savinaya nivedanapUrvaka ratha para baiThAkara apane ghara le gii| vahA~ usane usake sAtha hAsya, svairAlApa, gIta, ratikrIDA Adi viziSTa lalitakalAguNoM aura upacAra - sahita navayauvana ke Ananda kA anubhava karate hue jAne kitane dina bitA diye / 271 vasantatilakA dhammilla ko lalitakalA kA jo prazikSaNa detI thI, usake lie dhammilla ke mAtA-pitA apanI dAsI ke hAthoM prati dina AdhA (addha) sahasra [pAThAntara ke anusAra : ATha (aTTha) sahasra] svarNamudrA vasantatilakA kI mAtA vasantasenA ke pAsa bhijavAte the / isa prakAra, dhammilla ke mAtA-pitA kA, unake aneka pUrvapuruSoM dvArA arjita dhana apane putra ke bhaviSya nirmANa meM usI prakAra naSTa ho gayA, jisa prakAra sUkhI - cikanI bAlU muTThI se khisaka jAtI hai 1 gaNikAsakta dhammilla ke zoka meM usake mAtA-pitA mara gaye aura usakI vivAhitA patnI yazomatI ghara becakara naihara calI gaI / usa yuga ke rAjasamAja yA samRddha zreSThI samAja kI pUrNatA ke lie gaNikAe~ Avazyaka aMga thiiN| isIlie, tadyugIna nItikAroM ne cAturya ke pA~ca kAraNoM (dezATana, paNDitamitratA, vArAMganA-samparka, rAjasabhA meM praveza tathA aneka zAstroM kA adhyayana-anuzIlana') meM vArAMganAsamparka ko bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai / isIlie 'lalitavistara' kI kalAsUcI meM 'vezikam' kA ullekha huA hai / yaha dattaka AcArya dvArA nirmita eka zAstra thA, jise vizAkhila aura vAtsyAyana ne pallavita kiyA / 'vezikam' kA sambandha usa vaizika vyApAra- kalA se hai, jo prAcIna bhArata kI rUpAjIvAoM ke bIca pracalita thii| isa vaizika vyApAra-kalA para dAmodaragupta ne 'kuTTanImataM kAvyam' nAmaka prabandha kI racanA kI hai, jisameM vikarAlA nAma kI kuTTanI ne mAlatI nAmaka vezyA ko isa kalA kI vistRta zikSA dI hai| prAcIna bhAgoM meM to gaNikAoM kA atizaya rucira varNana milatA hai / " vasudevahiNDI" ke prAyaH samakAlIna 'caturbhANI' meM to gaNikAoM kA bahuta hI bhavya citra aMkita kiyA gayA hai| 'caturbhANI' meM vezyAoM kA jo carita dikhalAyA gayA hai, usako ThIka taraha se samajhane ke lie kAmasUtra, nATyazAstra, mRcchakaTika, vasudevahiNDI ityAdi kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai; kyoMki ina sabakI sammilita sAmagrI se veza- jIvana kA eka sarvAMga citra upalabdha hotA hai| paravartI kAla meM to kSemendra ne apane 'kalAvilAsa' ke caturtha sarga meM 'vezyAvRtta' ke antargata kevala rucicapalA 1. dezATanaM paNDitamitratA ca vArAGganA- rAjasa bhrApravezaH 1 nityaM hizAstrArtha vilokanaJca cAturyamUlAni bhavanti paJca // -(sUktizloka) mitra prakAzana, ilAhAbAda 2. draSTavya 'kuTTanImataM kAvyam' kA anuvAda : anu. jagannAtha pAThaka, 1 1.dra. DaoN. motIcandra tathA DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla dvArA 'zRMgArahATa' ke nAma sampAdita 'caturbhANI' kA prAkkathana aura bhUmikA 2. uparivat bhUmikA - bhAga, pR. 66

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272 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA vezyAoM kI hI unacauMsaTha kalAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinake dvArA ve (vezyAe~) rAgadagdha puruSoM kA cittavinodana aura Arthika zoSaNa kiyA karatI thIM / nivRttimArgI zramaNa (jaina) - paramparA kI kalAsUcI meM 'vezika' kI gaNanA nahIM kI gaI hai; kintu zramaNa-kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne kathArasa ke vikAsa - vistAra kI dRSTi se lalitakalA ke paripoSaka ke rUpa meM gaNikA-varga kA Akalana karanA upayukta samajhA thA; kyoMki vaha apanI mahatkathA meM yugIna yathArtha kA citraNa ImAnadArI se karanA cAhate the, sAtha hI vaha gaNikA ke jIvana meM pratiSThita kalAoM kI mahattA kI sacAI ko zAstrIya satya ke rUpa meM dekhane ke AgrahI the| zIla, rUpa aura guNoM se yukta tadyugIna gaNikAe~, apanI kalAoM kI vidagdhatA ke dvArA Upara uThakara, gaNikA kahalAI jAkara bhI janasamAja meM viziSTa sthAna pAtI thiiN| ve gaNikAe~ rAjAoM aura vidvAnoM se pUjita aura stUyamAna, kalA ke upadeza ke icchukoM se prArthita, vidagdhoM dvArA cAhI jAnevAlI aura sabakI lakSyabhUta hotI thIM / saMskRta - bauddha sAhitya meM aneka aise ullekha haiM, jinase tatkAlIna 'gaNikA ke jIvana para prakAza par3atA hai| 'mahAvastu' (3.35-36) kI eka kahAnI meM kahA gayA hai ki eka agragaNikA ne eka catura aura rUpavAn puruSa ko surata ke lie bulvaayaa| usane gandhataila lagAkara, snAna karake, cUrNa se apanA zarIra sugandhita kiyA tathA Alepana lagAne ke bAda kAzika vastra pahanakara agragaNikA ke sAtha bhojana kiyaa| gaNikA ambapAlI kI kahAnI bauddhasAhitya meM vikhyAta hai / ' devadAsiyA~ prAyaH devagRhAzrita narttakiyA~ hotI thiiN| 'meghadUta' (1.34-35) meM ujjaina ke mahAkAla-mandira meM cAmaragrAhiNI vezyAoM ke nRtya kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vezyA yA gaNikA ke jIvana kA bar3A vizada citraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne apanI isa kathAkRti meM gaNikAoM kI adbhuta utpatti - kathA (pIThikA : pR. 103) dI hai / kathA yaha hai ki Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke putra bharata maNDalAdhipati rAjA the| vaha ekastrI - vratadhArI the| eka bAra katipaya sAmantoM ne eka sAtha aneka kanyAe~ unake pAsa bhejIM | apanI rAnI ke sAtha prAsAda meM baiThe hue unhoMne una kanyAoM ko dekhaa| rAnI ne rAjA se pUchA: "ye kanyAe~ kisakI haiM ?" "sAmantoM ne mere lie kanyAe~ bhejI haiN|" rAjA ne uttara diyA / rAnI ne socA ki "itanI kanyAoM meM yadi eka yA aneka kanyAe~ rAjA kI premapAtrI ho gaIM, to maiM upekSitA ho sakatI hU~ / " sahasA rAjA se rAnI ne kahA : maiM prAsAda se kUdakara apane ko visarjita kara rahI hU~ / " rAjA ne pUchA: "aisA kyoM kahatI ho ?" rAnI bolI : " yahA~ AI huI ina kanyAoM ke kAraNa maiM zokAgni meM jalatI huI bar3e kaSTa se mruuNgii|" "agara tumhArA yahI nizcaya hai, to ye kanyAe~ ghara meM nahIM praveza kreNgii|" rAjA ne rAnI ko Azvasta kiyaa| rAnI ne kahA : " agara yaha saca hai, to ye sabhI kanyAe~ bAhara ke hI AvAsa (bAhyopasthAna) meM raheM / " rAjA ne vaisA hI prabandha kara diyaa| ve kanyAe~ chatra aura cAmara lekara rAjA kI sevA karane lagIM / punaH ve krama se gaNoM (rAjavarga) meM vitarita kara dI giiN| isIlie, ve 'gaNikA' khlaaiiN| gaNikAoM kI utpatti kA yahI kAraNa hai / gaNikA kI utpatti ke prastuta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki gaNikAoM kA sambandha gaNoM se thaa| DaoN. motIcandra kA anumAna hai ki kadAcit gaNa kI AjJA se hI agragaNikA kI 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya caturbhANI (zRMgArahATa), bhUmikA, pR. 68

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 273 niyukti hotI thI / kintu, isa sandarbha meM eka aura bAta dhyAtavya hai ki ye gaNikAe~ (kanyAe~) rAjavarga ko rAjA bharata kI ora se vitaraNa meM, vinA vivAha - vidhi ke, milI thIM, isalie una rAjAoM ne bhI unheM apane antaHpura meM nahIM rakhA, apitu svatantra rakhakara kalAoM kI zikSA aura abhyAsa kI ora unmukha kiyaa| phalataH ve lalitakalA kI pragalbha marmajJA hokara apanI kalA - varcasvitA se rAjasamAja meM samAdRtA bniiN| isalie, vezyAoM meM gaNikA sabase U~ce daraje kI hotI thI aura krayadAsI sabase nIce daraje kI / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI gaNikotpatti kI kathA kA vizada rUpAntara budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha ' (10.182 - 189) meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| kathA yaha hai ki dharma, artha aura kAma ke mahAn sAdhaka bharata nAma ke rAjA the| unhoMne mahodadhi se kamanIya kumAriyoM ko prApta kiyA / unhoMne socA ki ekAnta meM ina sabase vivAha karake maiM nirantara vividha sukhoM kA bhoga karU~gA / kintu, unhoMne sarvaprathama jisa kanyA ke kA~pate hue hAtha ko grahaNa kiyA, usI kI, zuddha puNya se arjita sundarAkRti meM hI vaha santuSTa ho gaye / ataH unhoMne zeSa kanyAoM ke, mana aura A~khoM ko AkRSTa karanevAle tathA kAmadeva kI bhA~ti kAntimAn rUpavAle ATha gaNa banA diye / aura, pratyeka gaNa kI jo pradhAna thI, use jhamakanevAle gahanoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA aura rAjA bharata ne use viziSTa Asana, chatra aura ca~vara rakhane kI AjJA dii| isa koTi se bhinna jo dUsarI - dUsarI mahAguNavatI kanyAe~ thIM, unheM guNa ke anusAra 'ghaTakakaTi', 'saMghaTTakaTi', 'kaThorakaTi', 'khala' Adi saMjJAe~ rAjA kI ora se dI giiN| Aja bhI jo gaNikAbheda dekhA jAtA hai, usakA pravarttana usI samaya se bharata dvArA kiyA gayA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aneka gaNikAoM aura unake putra-putriyoM kA nAmollekha huA hai / jaise: anaMgasenA (priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 293 294), anantamati (ketumatIlambha: pR. 321, 322); amitayazA (pIThikA: pR. 103); kaliMgasenA ( priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 293); gaNikAputrI kAmapatAkA (tatraiva : pR. 293, 294, 297, 298); kAlindasenA (pIThikA: pR. 98, 102-104); gaNikAputra kuberadatta (kathotpatti : pR. 11, 12); kuberadatta (tatraiva : pR. 11); kuberasenA (tatraiva : pR. 10, 11, 12); citrasenA (priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 293), gaNikAputrI buddhisenA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 259, 260), ratisenikA yA ratisenA (priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 289); raMgapatAkA (tatraiva : pR. 289); gaNikAputrI vasantatilakA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 28, 29, 31.33, 35); vasantasenA (tatraiva: pR. 28, 31, 72), sudarzanA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 329), suprabuddhA ( bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 259); susenA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 333); gaNikAputrI suhiraNyA (pIThikA: pR. 98, 101-104, mukha : 109) aura hiraNyA (pIThikA: pR. 101) / ina gaNikAoM ke atirikta saMghadAsagaNI ne saMgIta aura nRtya meM niSNAta katipaya nartakI dAsiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / jaise : kAmapatAkA (priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 281); vilAsinI (tatraiva), kinnarI (tatraiva); madhurakriyA (tatraiva); hAsapoTTalikA (tatraiva); ratisenikA (tatraiva pR. 282); kaumudI (tatraiva) aura padminI (ttraiv)| ye saba vasudeva kI patnI priyaMgusundarI ke manoraMjana ke lie usake nikaTa rahanevAlI nartakiyA~ thIM (piyaMgusuMdarisaMtiyAo nADaijjA tti) / inake atirikta, rAjA stimitasAgara ke putra aparAjita aura anantavIrya ke darabAra meM barbarI aura cilAtikA (kirAtI) nAma 1. draSTavya : caturbhANI (zRMgArahATa), bhUmikA, pR. 77

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274 vasadevahiNDI:bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA kI do dAsI nartakiyA~ thiiN| ye donoM nRtya, nATya aura saMgItakalAoM meM niSNAta thiiN| inakA svara atizaya madhura thaa| svayaM nArada ne vidyAdhararAja damitAri ke pAsa jAkara ina donoM nartakiyoM kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA thA ki "aparAjita aura anantavIrya kI dAsI barbarI aura cilAtikA kA nATaka bar3A divya hotA hai|" unhoMne vidyAdhararAja se yaha bhI kahA ki "una nartakiyoM ke nATaka se rahita tumhArA rAjya, vAhana aura vidyAdharatva saba vyartha hai (ketumatIlambha : pR. 325) / " saMghadAsagaNI ke anusAra, nATaka kI pAtriyoM ko daheja meM dene kI bhI prathA usa samaya pracalita thii| nartakiyoM ko daheja meM denA gaurava kA viSaya hotA thaa| prAcIna yuga meM bhajana, saMgIta Adi kI dRSTi se devAlaya bhI lalitakalA ke pramukha kendroM meM anyatama thaa| ataeva, vezyAoM kA devAlayoM se bahuta prAcIna sambandha rahA hai| 'caturbhANI' meM hI kaI jagaha vezyAoM kA mandiroM meM gAne-bajAne kA ullekha hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI gaNikAoM kI, devakula ke prati zraddhAbhAva kI anuzaMsA kI hai| dhammilla ke nirdhana ho jAne ke bAda, eka dina vasantasenA, vasantatilakA ke lie, perakara rasa nikAla lene ke bAda bace hue kucha sapheda ikSukhaNDa le aaii| jaba vaha unheM khAne lagI, taba ve nIrasa lge| taba mA~ ne usase kahA: "jisa prakAra ye ikSukhaNDa nIrasa haiM, usI prakAra dhammilla bhI, isalie use chor3a do|" vasantatilakA ne kahA : "nahIM, yaha bhI kAma kI cIja hai| isase devagRha (devakula) lIpane ke lie miTTI (gobara) gholane kA kAma liyA jAyagA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 32) / isase spaSTa hai ki vasantatilakA zraddhApUrvaka devakula jAtI thI aura vahA~ kI bhUmi ko lIpakara pavitra karatI thii| isake atirikta, vasantasenA dvArA karbaTa devatA ke utsava kA Ayojana aura phira gandha, dhUpa, puSpa aura naivedya ke sAtha gRhadevatA kA pUjana Adi kriyAoM se bhI vezyA kI devakula ke prati zraddhAbhAvanA kA vyaktIkaraNa hotA hai (tatraiva, pR. 33) / nAyaka ke sAtha prIti ho jAne para vezyA ekacAriNI vrata kA pAlana karatI thii| vasantasenA ne jaba dhammilla kA nirvAsana kara diyA, taba usakI putrI vasantatilakA ne dhammilla ke prati prIti kI ekaniSThatA ke kAraNa pratijJA kI : "apane svAmI ke prati satpratijJa maiM apanI veNI bA~dhatI hU~, yaha mAnakara ki merA priyatama Akara ise kholegaa|" yaha kahakara vaha gandha, mAlA, alaMkAra 'Adi kA upayoga chor3akara kevala zarIra-rakSA ke lie anna-pAna grahaNa karatI huI zuddha bhAvanA se samaya bitAne lgii| bahuta dinoM ke bAda dhammilla ke sAtha phira usakA milana huA (tatraiva, pR. 35) / vezyAe~ lalitakalA kI zikSikAe~ bhI hotI thiiN| usa yuga ke rAjA yA seTha apane putroM ko vezyAoM ke ghara bhejakara zikSA dilavAte the| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathA hai ki zreSThiputra cArusvAmI ko 'arthaparibhoktA' banAne ke lie usakI mAtA ne use gaNikA ke ghara bharatI karAne kI joradAra siphAriza kI thI (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 141) / usane cArusvAmI ke gomukha Adi mitroM se kahA thA ki yadi merA putra, dhana naSTa karake bhI vezyAgRha meM pahu~ca jAtA hai, to merA manoratha pUrNa samajho : "jati vittaM viNAsei vesavasaM patto tato puNNo me manoraho" (tatraiva : pR. 141-142) / isake bAda gomukha Adi mitroM ne cArusvAmI ko udyAna meM le jAkara madyapAna karAyA aura yuktipUrvaka vasantatilakA ke jimme lagA diyaa| naze ke Aveza meM cArusvAmI ko vasantatilakA apsarA jaisI dikhAI par3atI thii| vaha apsarA use ratha para car3hAkara apane ghara le gii| vahA~ usane use ratha se utArA / vahA~ usI ke samAna umravAlI aura yuvatiyoM ne use ghera liyaa| apsarA ne usase kahA :

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 275 "ibhyaputra ! maiM tumheM devavimAna (svargaloka) meM le AI huuN| mere sAtha nizcita bhAva se viSayasukha kA bhoga kro|" aba cArusvAmI hathiniyoM ke sAtha hAthI kI bhA~ti una madhurabhASiNI yuvatiyoM ke sAtha thaa| unhoMne apsarA ke sAtha cArusvAmI kA paNigrahaNa karA diyaa| phira, gIta gAtI huI ve use garbhagRha meM le giiN| vahA~ vaha apsarA ke sAtha ratiparAyaNa hokara so gyaa| jaba usakA nazA utarane lagA, taba use patA calA ki vaha apsarA ke divyaloka meM nahIM, apitu vasantatilakA gaNikA ke ghara meM par3A hai| tabhI, vasantatilakA ne bar3I lubhAvanI bhASA meM cArusvAmI ko apanA paricaya dete hue kahA : "maiM gaNikAputrI vasantatilakA huuN| kanyAbhAva meM rahakara kalA kI sAdhanA karatI huI samaya bitAtI huuN| mujhe dhana kA lobha nahIM hai| maiM guNa kA Adara karatI huuN| maiMne tumheM hRdaya se varaNa kiyA hai| tumhArI mA~ kI anumati se tumhAre gomukha Adi mitroM ne udyAna meM yuktipUrvaka tumheM mujhe sauMpa diyA hai|" yaha kahakara vaha uThI, apane kapar3e badale aura phira cArusvAmI ke pAsa Akara, kRtAMjali hokara nivedana karane lagI: "ibhyaputra ! maiM tumhArI sevikA huuN| mujhe strI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kro| ye rezamI vastra mere kanyAbhAva ke pramANa haiN| maiM AjIvana tumhArI sevA karatI rhuuNgii|" cArusvAmI ne rAgAnubaddha hokara use patnI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA aura vaha usake sAtha svacchanda vihAra karane lgaa| vicakSaNabuddhi vasantatilakA cArusvAmI ko usakI mAtA ke dvArA bhejI gaI paribhogya vastuoM ko dikhalAne lgii| vasantatilakA cU~ki kAmakalA ke zikSaNa meM cArusvAmI kI AcAryA thI, isalie use dakSiNA meM usakI mA~ kI ora se pratidina eka hajAra ATha svarNamudrAe~ milatI thiiN| phira, kisI utsava ke dina eka lAkha ATha hajAra svarNamudrAe~ AtI thiiN| isa prakAra, viSayasukha se mohita hokara cArusvAmI ne vasantatilakA ke sAtha ramaNa karate hue bAraha varSa bitA diye / eka dina madhupAna karake cArusvAmI jaba vasantatilakA ke sAtha soyA thA, tabhI ThaNDI havA lagane se usakI nIMda khula gii| kintu, vasantatilakA vahA~ nahIM dikhAI pdd'ii| usI kSaNa, use samajha meM A gayA ki gaNikA use chor3akara calI gaI hai| idhara sArA dhana naSTa ho jAne se cArusvAmI kA pitA saMnyAsI ho gayA aura mA~ ghara becakara naihara apane bhAI sarvArtha ke pAsa calI gaI (gandharvadattAlambhaH, pR. 143-144) / __ prastuta kathAprasaMga se gaNikAoM kI kaI ullekhanIya vizeSatAe~ sAmane AtI haiN| sarvaprathama gaNikAe~ ratipragalbhA hotI haiM / phira, unakA kanyAbhAva kRtrima hotA hai| ve apanI lalita vacobhaMgI meM mohana aura vazIkaraNa kI adbhuta zakti rakhatI haiN| vizvanAtha mahApAtra ke anusAra, vezyAe~ dhIrA aura kalApragalbhA hotI haiN| ye na to guNahInoM se dveSa karatI haiM, na hI guNiyoM se anurAga rakhatI haiN| ye kevala dhana dekhakara bAharI prema pradarzita karatI haiN| dhana kSINa ho jAne para ye svIkRta puruSa ko bhI apanI mA~ se kahakara nikAla bAhara karAtI haiM aura phira naye puruSoM kI khoja meM laga jAtI haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke dhammilla aura cArusvAmI, vezyA kI isa sahaja nirmama pravRtti ke 1. dhIrA kalApragalbhA syAdvezyA sAmAnyanAyikA // nirguNAnapi na dveSTi na rajyati guNiSvapi / vittamAtraM samAlokya sA rAgaM darzayed bahiH // kAmamaGgIkRtamapi parikSINadhanaMnaram / mAtrA nissArayedeSA punaH sandhAnakAGkSayA ||-saahity darpaNa., 3.67-69 /

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276 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA duHkhapUrNa zikAra bane haiN| aura, donoM ko moha-marIcikA meM DAlanevAlI gaNikAoM ke nAma bhI eka hI haiN| dhyAtavya hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ke kathAgrantha meM, bhinna kathAprasaMgoM meM bhI eka hI nAma ke kaI pAtra-pAtrI punarAvRtta haiN| uparyukta kathAprasaMga se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki gaNikAe~ ratha para calatI thIM aura agragaNikAe~ yA pradhAna gaNikAe~ yA mahAgaNikAe~ prAyaH aneka vA yuvatiyoM se ghirI rahatI thiiN| ye lalita kalA kI AcAryA hone ke kAraNa dakSiNA meM vipula rAzi vasUla karatI thiiN| kula milAkara, gaNikAe~ paramAdbhuta caritravAlI hotI thiiN| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI" meM vezyAjanasulabha kalAsAdhanA aura arthasAdhanA kA jaisA sAmaMjasya parilakSita hotA hai, vaisA anyatra prAyodurlabha hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' se jJAta hotA hai ki gaNikAe~ bar3I dhUrta hotI thIM aura apanI putriyoM ko nirdhana puruSoM ke sAtha premAsakta jAnakara, una abhAgoM ko bar3e chala-chadma se niSkAsita kara detI thiiN| vasantasenA isakA jvalanta udAharaNa hai| usane jaba dhammilla ke prati vasantatilakA ko Asakta jAna liyA, taba eka utsava kA Ayojana kiyA aura usI meM khAna-pAna ke bahAne dhammilla ko bahuta adhika madirA pilAkara behoza kara diyA aura use ekavastra sthiti meM nagara ke bAhara thor3I dUra para pheMkavA diyaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' se vezyAoM ke siddhAnta aura vezyAlaya kI tahajIba para bhI acchA prakAza par3atA hai| cArusvAmI yA cArudatta jaba arthahIna ho gayA, taba vasantatilakA kI mA~ ne use pahale to yogamadya pilavAyA, phira behozI kI hAlata meM use bhUtaghara meM DalavA diyaa| vasantatilakA ko jaba apanI mA~ ke isa duSkRtya kA patA calA, taba usane apanI veNI bA~dhakara pratijJA kI ki cArudatta hI Akara ise kholegaa| isI krama meM, vasantatilakA rAjA kI sevA se, ucita zulka cukAkara, mukta ho gaI (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 154) / isase spaSTa hai ki vezyAe~ siddhAntavAdinI hotI thIM aura vihita zulka (niSkraya) dekara rAjA kI sevA se mukti pA letI thIM ("diNNo nikkao raNNo, rAiNA ya moiyaM gihaM") aura apane manonukUla gRhastha-jIvana bitAtI thiiN| dhammilla kI premikA gaNikA vasantatilakA kI kathA bhI prAyaH cArudatta kI premikA vasantatilakA ke hI samAnAntara hai| . 'vasudevahiNDI' ke gaMgarakSita-vRttAnta se vezyAoM kI sAMskRtika abhiruci aura vezyAlaya kI ziSTatA kA anumAna hotA hai| gaMgarakSita ne vasudeva se apanI kahAnI sunAte hue kahA thA ki eka dina vaha apane priyamitra vINAdatta ke sAtha zrAvastI ke cauka meM baiThA thA ('sAvatthIcaukkammi Asahe. priyaMgasandarIlambha : pa. 289) / usI samaya raMgapatAkA nAma kI gaNikA kI dAsI ne vINAdatta ko bulAyA aura usase kahA ki merI svAminI raMgapatAkA aura ratisenikA ke muragoM kI lar3AI (yuddha-pratiyogitA Ayojita kI gaI hai, isalie sAkSI (madhyastha) ke rUpa meM Apa usameM sammilita hone ke lie zIghra aayeN| isake bAda usa dAsI kI najara gaMgarakSita para par3I aura praznAtmaka svara meM bolI: "utsavoM se dUra rahanevAlA yaha gaNikAoM ke rasavizeSa ko jAnatA hai ?" ("eso gaNiyANaM rasavisesaM jANai?") usakI cir3hAnevAlI bAta se gaMgarakSita sahasA jala uThA aura vINAdatta ke sAtha vezyAlaya meM calA gyaa| vahA~ baiThane ke lie unheM Asana diyA gayA, phira va aura mAlA se una donoM kA sammAna kiyA gyaa| : 5.

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277 vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ usake bAda muragoM kI lar3AI zurU huii| eka lAkha kI bAjI rakhI gaI thii| vINAdatta ne raMgapatAkA ke murage ko lalakArA aura ratisenA ke murage se lar3avAnA zurU kiyaa| ratisenA kA muragA mAta khA gayA aura ratisenA eka lAkha kI bAjI hAra gii| taba, usane dasagunI, yAnI dasa lAkha rupaye kI, bAjI lgaaii| dUsarI pAlI meM gaMgarakSita ne ratisenA ke murage kA pakSa liyA aura use llkaaraa| dUsarI bAra muragoM kI lar3AI zurU huii| isa bAra ratisenA ne bAjI jIta lii| gaMgarakSita ratisenA ke ghara meM hI raha gyaa| dUsare dina, or3he hue kapar3e meM apanA hAtha chipAye huI eka dAsI eka sau ATha dInAra dikhalAtI huI gaMgarakSita se bolI : "ratisenA de rahI hai|" isa prakAra, sukhapUrvaka gaMgarakSita kA samaya bItane lgaa| gaNikAgRha meM rahate hue kitanA samaya bIta gayA, yaha usane nahIM jAnA / eka dina gaNikA ke parijana ne karuNa rudana karanA zurU kiyaa| "yaha kyA bAta hai?" aisA bolatA huA gaMgarakSita sahasA uThA aura sunA ki usake pitA mara gaye ! vaha zokAbhibhUta ho uThA aura turata hI apane ghara lauTa aayaa| isI prakAra, jambUdvIpa-sthita pUrvavideha-kSetra ke puSkalAvatI vijaya kI puNDarIkiNI nagarI ke rAjA ghanaratha ke darabAra meM susenA (suSeNA) nAma kI gaNikA zAstrArtha kI icchA se kukkuTa kI yuddha-pratiyogitA ke lie AI thii| usake kukkuTa ne ghanaratha kI rAnI manoharI ke vajratuNDa nAmaka kukkuTa se yuddha kiyA thaa| isake lie donoM pakSoM kI ora se eka lAkha kI bAjI rakhI gaI thI (ketumatIlambha : pR. 333) / ukta kathAprasaMgoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gaNikAe~ sAMskRtika utsavoM kA Ayojana karane meM sahaja abhiruci rakhatI thIM aura isa prakAra ke AyojanoM meM apanI spRhaNIya dhanADhyatA pradarzita karatI thIM aura rAniyoM se bhI hor3a lene ko taiyAra rahatI thiiN| isake atirikta, apane AmantritoM ke prati sAmAnya ziSTAcAra kA pAlana to karatI hI thIM, apane prati kiye gaye upakAra kA Arthika mUlya bhI cukAtI thiiN| sAtha hI, Amantrita atithi ke zoka meM sahAnubhUti pradarzita karake, apanI sahaja mAnava-bhAvanA kA bhI paricaya prastuta karatI thiiN| isI prakAra, vasudeva jaba apanI bhAvI gaNikA-patnI lalitazrI ke ghara gaye, taba usane unakA arghya se sammAna kiyaa| kutUhala se bharI huI kucha gaNikAe~ vahA~ A giiN| unhoMne lalitazrI kA abhiprAya jAnakara vasudeva kA zRMgAra kiyaa| phira, "phala cAhanevAle ko vizeSa rasa kI bhI prApti hotI hai", isa prakAra bolate hue unhoMne lalitazrI ke sAtha vasudeva ko bhI snAna kraayaa| phira, ve maMgalAcAra ke sAtha vasudeva ko lalitazrI ke vAsagRha (zayanakakSa) meM le giiN| vahA~ motI kI jhAlareM laTakAI gaI thIM, zayanagRha kI bhUmi para sugandhita phUla bikhere gaye the| ghrANa ke anukUla dhUpa se vAsagRha surabhi-mukhara ho rahA thaa| vahA~ vasudeva svacchanda bhAva se pA~ca prakAra ke (rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabda) viSaya-sukhoM ko bhogate hue prasannatApUrvaka vihAra karate rahe (lalitazrIlambha : pR. 363) / isa kathA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki gaNikAoM kI ziSTatA meM mohaka saundarya kA abhiniveza atizaya prabala rahatA thaa| rati-mahotsava ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa taiyAra karane meM sahAyikA gaNikAe~ apane kalA-kauzala kA bharapUra pradarzana karatI thiiN| vezyAgRha meM maNDana-kalA kA utkarSa apanI carama sImA para rahatA thaa| gaNikAe~ jaba ekacAriNI ho jAtI thIM, taba apane anukUla puruSa ko kAmakalA se kRtArtha kara detI thiiN|

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278 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA vasudevahiNDI' meM isa bAta kA bhI ullekha hai ki gaNikAoM ko jina-bhakti aura daivika siddhi bhI prApta rahatI thI aura ve pUrvabhava ke jJAna yA avadhijJAna se bhI sampanna hotI. thiiN| aura, yajJotsava ke avasara para bhI ve nRtya Adi kA pradarzana karatI thiiN| kAmapatAkA nAma kI gaNikAputrI ne to atizaya kaThina sUcInRtya, arthAt viSadigdha sudayoM para nRtya bhI kiyA thA ( priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 293) / candanapura nAmaka nagara ke rAjA amogharipu kI rAjagaNikA anaMgasenA kI putrI kAmapatAkA kI, rUpa, jJAna aura buddhi meM, dvitIyatA nahIM thii| vaha jinazAsana-prApta rahane ke kAraNa daivika bala se sampanna thI (tatraivaH pR. 293) / kathA hai ki eka dina jaba vaha rAjabhavana se nikala rahI thI, tabhI rAjadarabAra kA eka dhRSTa sevaka durmukha nAmaka dAsa ne use cher3a diyA : "mere sAtha rahogI?" jaba usane anicchA prakaTa kI, taba durmukha ne use apane kaThora hAthoM se pakar3a liyaa| isapara kAmapatAkA bolI : "yadi maiMne jinazAsana prApta kiyA hai, to isa satyavacana se maiM durmukha se chuTakArA pA jaauuNgii|" usake aisA kahane para, kisI devI ne devatva ke prabhAva se apane AkArika vistAra ko aura adhika vistRta kara dAsa durmukha ko ekabAragI roka liyaa| kAmapatAkA nirvighnaapane ghara calI gii| kintu, durmukha usake prati dveSa rakhane lgaa| usane punaH kAmapatAkA ko saMkaTa meM DAla diyaa| isa bAra kAmapatAkA jinavara ke aSTAhnika kI manautI mAnakara kaSTamukta huii| kathA hai ki eka bAra kisI dina vaTapa, zANDilya, udakabindu prabhRti tapasvI phUla-phala lekara rAjA amogharipu ko upahAra dene Aye aura Azrama meM Ayojita yajJa kI rakSA ke lie unhoMne sahAyatA maaNgii| rAjA ne apane mantriyoM se vicAra-vimarza karake apane putra kumAra cArucandra ko vipula sainyabala aura bahuta sAre logoM ke sAtha, jinameM gaNikAe~ bhI zAmila thIM, yajJa kI rakSA ke nimitta Azrama bheja diyaa| ___ usa yajJotsava meM citrasenA, kaliMgasenA, anaMgasenA aura kAmapatAkA paraspara pratispardhA karatI huI nRtya Adi kA pradarzana kara rahI thiiN| kAmapatAkA kI bArI jAnakara, parapIDana se sukhAnubhUti prApta karanevAle dAsa durmukha ne use sUcInRtya karane kA Adeza diyA aura viSa se bujhI suiyA~ kAmapatAkA ke nRtyasthala para rakhavA diiN| kAmapatAkA use samajha gaI aura usane manautI kI : "yadi maiM isa nRtya-pradarzana meM nistAra pA gaI, to jinavara kA aSTAhnika mahAmahotsava kraauuNgii|" aura, usane usa dina upavAsa kA vrata rakhA aura usI ke prabhAva se vaha apane pradarzana meM saphala ho gaI; kyoMki viSa se bujhI suiyoM ko devI ne nRtyasthala se haTA diyA thaa| ___mAninI kAmapatAkA kA rUpa bar3A tIkhA thaa| usapara rAjakumAra se upAdhyAya taka rIjha jAte the| yajJotsava meM nRtya kI samApti ke bAda kumAra cArucandra ne apane sAre AbhUSaNa, chatra-cAmara-sahita, utArakara, kAmapatAkA ko de diye aura svayaM nirAbharaNa hokara ghara vApasa AyA aura kAmaroga se grasta aura viSaya-virakta rahane lgaa| anta meM, amogharipu ne kAmapatAkA ko apane yuvarAja cArucandra ke lie de diyaa| kAmapatAkA pahale svAmidatta nAmaka paradezI vaNik para rIjha gaI thii| kintu, paradezI vaNik virAgamAgI niklaa| ulaTe, usane kAmapatAkA aura usakI mA~ anaMgasenA ko zramaNadharma aura zrAvakadharma kA upadeza dekara zrAvikA banA diyaa| tabhI se kAmapatAkA jinabhakta ho gaI thii| manautI ke anusAra, usane vividha AyojanoM ke sAtha jinavarendra kA utsava manAyA 1.rUveNa AgameNa ya, buddhIya ya tattha caMdaNapurammi / kAmapaDAgAsarisI, aNNA kaNNA u NA''sI ya // -priyaMgusundarIlambha pR. 293

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ thA / aura, kAmapatAkA kI prApti kI upAyasiddhi ke lie yuvarAja cArucandra ne bhI jinotsava Ayojita kiyA thaa| yuvarAja cArucandra ko kAmapatAkA kI prApti meM ukta dhArmika sahadharmitA hI viziSTa kAraNa huii| rAjaparivAra kA eka mUlyavAn aMga ho jAne ke bAda kAmapatAkA kI mA~ anaMgasenA ne rAjA se sArI vastusthiti kahakara dAsa durmukha ko usakI dhRSTatA ke lie vadhA daNDa dilvaayaa| 279 yajJotsava meM raMgamaMca para kAmapatAkAM ko nAcate dekhakara zunakaccheda upAdhyAya bhI kAmazara se Ahata ho gaye the / kAmapatAkA ke vinA vaha prANa taka chor3ane ko taiyAra the / upAdhyAya kI prANarakSA ke lie tapasviyoM ke nivedana karane para bhI rAjA ne apanI vivazatA prakaTa kI; kyoMki ve kAmapatAkA ko kumAra cArucandra ke jimme sauMpa cuke the / kula milAkara, isa kathA - sandarbha se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vezyAe~ gaNikA - vRtti aura dhArmikatA ke adbhuta samanvaya kI kalAputtalikAe~ hotI thIM / samRddha gaNikAoM meM dhArmika kRtyoM ke prati Agraha kA samarthana vAtsyAyana ne bhI kiyA hai| anaMgasenA jaisI gaNikA kA caritra to adbhuta hai ki eka ora vaha zrAvikA hai, dUsarI ora durmukha ko kSamAdAna na dilavAkara apanI pratikriyA kI tRpti ke lie vadha kA daNDa dilavAtI hai| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne isa bAta kI ora saMketa kiyA hai ki gaNikAe~ yaunadRSTi se kabhI vizvasanIya nahIM hotiiN| unakI dhArmikatA bhI prAyaH svArtha kI pUrti kA AvaraNa banatI hai| kintu, unakI kalAvarcasvitA ke samakSa saMghadAsagaNI natamastaka haiM, sAtha hI vaha jinamahimA kI amoghatA bhI siddha karanA cAhate haiM, aura phira, kathArasa kA vighAta na ho, isake lie kathA kA romAntika AsvAda 'banAye rakhanA cAhate haiN| unakA kathAkAra kathA ke mAdhyama se pravRttimArga ko nivRttimArga se jor3anA cAhatA hai, isalie pravRtti ke mUla rasoM kA udbhAvana vaha samIcInatA aura AnukramikatA ke sAtha karate hue nivRttimArga ( kSAyopazama) taka pahu~cate haiM / yahI unake kathAkAra kI kathA-prakriyA kA dhyAtavya vaiziSTya hai / pUrvabhava kA jJAna rakhanevAlI zAstrajJa gaNikA lalitazrI (jo bAda meM vasudeva kI svAminI banI) kA paricaya dete hue parivrAjaka sumitra ne, bhikSuka - dharma (strI kI prazaMsA na karanA) ke viruddha, bAta svayaM vasudeva se kahI hai (lalita zrIlambha: pR. 361-362) : "lalitazrI (yA somayazA) nAma kI eka gaNikAputrI hai| vaha sarvAMgataH prazasya kanyAlakSaNoM se yukta hai / usakI mRdula, mita aura madhura vANI zravaNa aura mana ko hara letI hai / apanI lalita gati se vaha haMsa kA anusaraNa karatI hai, vaha kulavadhU ke veza meM rahatI hai aura zAstrIya bAtoM meM sundara aura tIkhI yukti upasthita karanevAlI hone ke sAtha hI vaha lokasevikA bhI hai| zAstrakAra kahate haiM ki vaha rAnI hone ke yogya hai / " kintu, yaha saba kucha hote hue usa yauvanavatI kalAviduSI ("jovvaNavatI kalAsu ya sakaNNA"; tatraiva, pR. 362) ko puruSa se dveSa ho gayA thA / puruSadveSa ke kAraNa ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie lalitazrI ne apane pUrvabhava kI kathA sumitra parivrAjaka se kaha sunAI thI, jise usane pahale kisI yogI yA guru se bhI nahIM kahI thii| pichale janma meM vaha mRgI thI / vaha sone kI pIThavAle (kaNayapaTTha: kanakapRSTha) mRga kI priyA thI / eka bAra vyAdhoM ne mRgayUtha para AkramaNa kara diyA / kanakapRSTha mRga usa mRgI ko chor3akara bhAga gayA / nirdaya vyAdhoM ne garbha-bharAlasA mRgI ko pakar3a liyA aura tIra se bedhakara mAra ddaalaa| usake bAda usane lalitazrI ke rUpa meM punarjanma grahaNa kiyaa| bacapana meM rAjA ke A~gana meM khelate samaya,

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA mRgazAvaka ko dekhakara use pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho aayaa| taba usake mana meM yaha bAta AI ki oha ! balavAn puruSa kapaTI aura akRtajJa hote haiN| tabhI to mRga ne mujhe pahale pralobhana diyA, bAda meM vyAdhoM se ghire jaMgala meM chor3akara calA gyaa| usI samaya se vaha puruSa se dveSa karane lagI / anta meM, vasudeva ne cIvara- citra dvArA usake hRdaya ko parivartita kara use puruSapremI banA diyA / 280 isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM gaNikAoM ke mAdhyama se lalitakalA ke aneka AyAmoM kA prastavana kiyA hai aura isI vyAja se unhoMne pUrA gaNikAzAstra hI upasthApita kara diyA hai, jisameM gaNikA ke manovaijJAnika bhAvoM ke sAtha hI usake zubhAzubha pakSoM para bhI vizadatApUrvaka prAmANikatA ke sAtha prakAza-nikSepa kiyA hai| Adhunika yuga meM bhI kalAcAryA gaNikAoM kI apanI viziSTa paramparA rahI hai / 'hindI - sAhitya aura bihAra' granthamAlA ke prathitayazA sampAdaka tathA bihAra-rASTrabhASA pariSad ke Adya nidezaka, prasiddha hindI - mahArathI puNyazloka AcArya zivapUjana sahAya, jo hindI kavitA meM chAyAvAda ke pravarttaka kAzIvAsI mahAkavi jayazaMkara 'prasAda' kI sAhitya-goSThI kI vibhUti the, kAzI kI do kalA-paNDitA gaNikAoM, 'vidyAdharI' aura 'javAharI' kI carcA prasaMgavaza kiyA karate the / vidyAdharI advitIya saMgIta - sundarI thI aura javAharI saMskRta meM gItikAvya ke pravartaka kavi jayadeva ke 'gItagovinda' ke komalakAnta saMskRta-padoM ko rAga-rAginiyoM meM Abaddha karake saMgItamukhara banAne kI kalA meM bejor3a thI / bharata ke anusAra (nATyazAstra, 35.60-62), gaNikA kA pada kAphI U~cA hotA thA / usameM lIlA, hAva-bhAva, satya, vinaya aura mAdhurya kA apUrva sammizraNa hotA thaa| cauMsaTha kalAoM meM usakI pravRtti hotI thI / vaha rAjopacAra meM kuzala hotI thI tathA strIsulabha doSa bhI usameM hote the| vaha mRdubhASiNI, catura aura parizramI hotI thI / saMghadAsagaNI ne yathAzAstra goSThI, rAjamahala aura vezyAlaya (veza) meM rahanevAlI vibhinna prakAra kI gaNikAoM ke bhavya aura uddAma citra aMkita kiye haiM / kahanA na hogA ki AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne gaNikA - jIvana ke kalAbhyudaya, manovinoda aura zRMgAra- ceSTAoM kI jvalanta chavi deza-kAla-pAtrocita saTIka zabdAvalI meM rUpAyita hai I nRtya-nATya saMghadAsagaNI ne gaNikAoM kI nRtyakalA ke atirikta, gaNiketara sundariyoM kI ramaNIya nRtyavidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / tIsare gandharvadattAlambha (pR. 155 ) meM unhoMne rUpavatI mAtaMgadArikA ke hRdayahArI nRtya kA aMkana kiyA hai| mAtaMgadArikA raMga meM sajala megha kI taraha sA~valI thI aura rUpa meM bhUSaNa se alaMkRta hone ke kAraNa, tAroM se jagamagAtI rajanI kI taraha lagatI thI / use saumyarUpavAlI aura aneka mAtaMgadIrikAoM ne ghera rakhA thA ("diTThA ya mayA kaNNA kAligA mAyaMgI jaladAgamasammucchiyA viva megharAsI, bhUsaNapahANuraMjiyasarIrA saNakkhattA viya savvarI, mAyaMgadAriyAhiM somarUvAhiM pariviyA / ") campApurI ke 'suravana' ke nikaTa purAkAlIna mahAsarovara ke taTa para, nRtyopahAra se mahAsarovara kI sevA ke nimitta, sakhiyoM ke Agraha se, vaha mAtaMgadArikA nRtya karane ke lie uTha khar3I huI aura apanI dantakAnti ko cA~danI kI taraha chiTakAtI huI, kusumita azokavRkSa se lipaTI aura manda manda havA se kampita latA kI bhA~ti nAcane lagI / bhramarI kI taraha baiThI huI usakI sakhiyA~

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 281 zrutimadhura gIta gAne lgiiN| cANDAlakanyA nRtya ke krama meM jaba apanI ujjvala A~khoM kA saMcAra karatI, taba dizAe~ jaise kumudamaya ho jAtI / raktatala hAthoM kI bhaMgimA to sAkSAt kamalapuSpa kI kAnti bikheratI aura jaba vaha krama se apane pairoM ko uThAkara nAcatI, taba uttama sArasa kI bhA~ti usakI zobhA mohaka ho utthtii| vasudeva mAtaMgakanyA kA.zAstrIya paddhati ke anukUla ('samayaM amucamANI') nRtyazikSA kA pradarzana dekhakara itanA mugdha hue ki bagala meM baiThI apanI kalAviduSI navavivAhitA gandharvadattA ko bhUla gaye / bIca meM usane unase kucha pUchA, to nRtyagIta ke zabda-jhaMkAra meM unhoMne kucha sunA hI nhiiN| yaha mAtaMgakanyA nIlayazA thI, jo Age calakara vasudeva kI cauthI patnI bnii| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'pIThikA'-prakaraNa (pR. 101) meM, ratnakaraNDaka udyAna meM, gaNikAputriyA~ suhiraNyA aura hiraNyA ke nRtya-pradarzana ke prasaMga meM battIsa prakAra ke nRtyoM kA saMketa kiyA hai| isa nRtya-pradarzana meM kRSNaputra zAmba pradhAna madhyastha the| sabhI loga udyAna meM gaye / nRtyasabhA meM nRtyavizeSajJa apane-apane AsanoM para baiThe / vahA~ pahale hiraNyA ne pradarzana-yogya sabhI nRtyavidhiyA~ prastuta kii| inameM eka viziSTa nRtya thA-- 'nAlikAgalakanRtya' / nAlikA-vizeSa se pAnI cUne taka kI avadhi ke bhItara yaha nRtya sampanna kiyA jAtA thaa| hiraNyA ke nRtya kI samApti ke bAda nAlikA meM phira se pAnI bhara diyA gayA aura taba suhiraNyA ne nRtya kA pradarzana prArambha kiyaa| usane vidhipUrvaka battIsa prakAra ke nRtya dikhlaaye| usake bAda nRtyAcArya ne nAlikA ke avaziSTa jala se suhiraNyA ko snAna kraayaa| kumAra zAmba ne abhiSeka kI gaI lakSmI kI taraha suzobhita suhiraNyA ko dekhaa| rati ne jisa prakAra kAma ko dekhA thA, ThIka usI prakAra suhiraNyA ne bhI zAmba ko sAdara dekhaa| __saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai ki isa nRtya ko dekhane ke lie itanI bhIr3a umar3I thI ki darzakoM ko Apasa meM dhakke khAne par3ate the| tabhI to jayasena ke kahane para buddhisena khisaka kara usake pAsa calA AyA thA; kyoMki apanI pahalI jagaha para use darzaka dhakiyA rahe the| ("ee mamaM pecchagA pellNti)| bhAratIya kalA-cintana meM nRtyakalA ke antargata abhinaya (nATya) kA atyanta zAstrIya vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnya abhinaya ke cAra aMga mAne gaye haiM: AMgika, vAcika, AhArya aura saattvik| itanA hI nahIM, inake kucha aMgoM ke avAntara bheda bhI prastuta kiye gaye haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI nRtya, vAdya, saMgIta aura abhinaya se saMvalita nATakoM kI carcA kI hai / vasudeva jaba priyaMgusundarI ke ghara meM apanA pravAsI jIvana bitA rahe the, tabhI bahurUpa nAma kA naTa apane parivAra ke sAtha AyA aura vasudeva ke AvAsIya prAMgaNa meM puruhUta aura vAsava se sambaddha paradAra-dharSaNa-viSayaka nATaka kA pradarzana karane lagA (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 290) / puruhUta aura vAsava ke sambaddha ukta nATaka meM parastrI-saMga ke doSa se vAsava kI mRtyu kA pradarzana kiyA gayA thaa| saMkSepa meM, kathA yaha hai ki vaitADhyaparvata kI dakSiNazreNI-sthita ratnasaMcayapura meM indraketu nAmaka vidyAdharanareza ke do putra the- puruhUta aura vaasv| vAsava strI-lolupa thaa| vaha gautama RSi ke parokSa meM unakI patnI (viSTAzrava aura menakA kI putrI) ahalyA ke sAtha sambhoga krtaa| eka bAra jaba vaha sambhogarata thA, tabhI gautama RSi phala-phUla aura samidhA lekara vApasa aaye|

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282 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA maharSi ko dekhakara vAsava Dara gayA aura usane baila kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| kintu, gautama RSi usa bAta ko jAna gaye aura parastrI-gamanadoSa ke kAraNa unhoMne use (vAsava ko) mAra ddaalaa| prastuta kathA brAhmaNa-paramparA meM prasiddha gautama-ahalyA kI paurANika kathA kA jaina rUpAntara hai| isa paramparA meM ahiMsA-siddhAnta ke viparIta gautama RSi ne vAsava kI hatyA kara DAlI hai, jabaki brAhmaNa-paramparA meM gautama ne ahalyA aura indra ko abhizApa diyA thA, jisase indra kA zarIra sahasrabhaga (eka hajAra yoniyoM se aMkita, parantu zApAnta hone para sahasrAkSa : yoniyoM kI jagaha eka hajAra A~khoMvAlA) ho gayA thA aura ahalyA pASANI ho gaI thii| bahurUpa naTa dvArA prastuta ukta nATaka duHkhAnta hai| isa prasaMga meM dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki prAcIna bhAratIya nATakoM meM pAzcAtya nATakoM kI bhA~ti vadha, yuddha, vivAha Adi ke pradarzana varjita haiN| kathAkAra ke paravartI sAhityAcArya vizvanAtha mahApAtra ne bhI vadha, yuddha, vivAha rAjyaviplava, mRtyu, ratikriyA Adi dRzyoM ko nATaka ke pradarzana meM niSiddha mAnA hai| sAtha hI, pUrvavartI AcArya bharatamuni ne bhI spaSTa likhA hai ki "na vadhastasya syAdyatra tu nAyakaH khyAtaH / isalie, zAstrIya bhASA meM duHkhAnta nATaka (TrejeDI : trAsadI) kA jo artha hai, usake anurUpa kisI bhI nATaka kA astitva prAcyabhASA, vizeSa kara saMskRta-bhASA meM nahIM hai| kintu, saMghadAsagaNI ne bahurUpa nAmaka nATakakAra ke mAdhyama se vasudeva ko jo nATaka dikhalavAyA hai, usameM ratikrIDA aura vadha ko bhI pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isalie, prAkRta-kathAkAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNI kI yaha mUrtibhaMjaka yA rUDhisamutpATaka rUpa adbhuta to hai hI, vicAraNIya bhI hai| isI prakAra, vasudeva jaba apanI bhAvI vidyAdharI patnI prabhAvatI ke ghara meM the, taba unheM bhojana karAyA gayA thaa| bhojana ke lalitakalocita varNana meM kathAkAra ne kahA hai ki bhojanadravya catura citrakAra ke citrakarma kI bhA~ti manohara thA; saMgItazAstra ('gaMdhavvasamaya) ke anukUla gAye gaye gIta ke samAna usameM vividha varNa the; bahuzruta kavi dvArA racita 'prakaraNa' (nATakabheda) ke samAna usameM aneka rasa the; priyajana kI sammukha dRSTi kI bhA~ti vaha snigdha thA; sauSadhi ke samAna evaM vividha gandhadravyoM ko milAkara taiyAra kiye gaye sugandhadravya (gaMdhajutti = gandhayukti) kI bhA~ti vaha saurabhayukta thA, sAtha hI jinendra-vacana ke samAna hitakArI bhI thaa| bhojana karane ke bAda jaba vasudeva zAnta hue, taba unhoMne tAmbUla grahaNa kiyaa| usake bAda unheM nATaka dikhalAyA gayA (prabhAvatIlambha: pR. 352) / isa kathA-sandarbha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM gandhayukti, tAmbUla aura nATaka kA paryApta pracAra thaa| magadha-janapada ke acalagrAma ke dharaNijaDa nAmaka brAhmaNa kI dAsI kapilikA kA putra kapila nATaka dekhane kA bar3A zaukIna thaa| eka bAra vaha nATaka (prekSaNaka : prA picchaNaya) dekhane gayA, tabhI varSA hone lagI aura vaha bhIMgatA huA ghara vApasa AyA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 320) / nATaka ke prati AkarSaNa kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki vaha bhinnaruci janoM ko eka sAtha manoraMjita karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| kAlidAsa ne 'mAlavikAgnimitra' meM kahA bhI hai : . 1. sAhityadarpaNa, 6.16-17. 2. nATyazAstra, 20.22

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 283 "nATvaM bhitrarucerjanasya bahudhApyekaM samArAdhanam (1.4) / " saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI nRtyanATya ko 'para-paritoSanimittaka' kahA hai| usa yuga meM nATaka-pAtriyA~ bhI aneka thiiN| bandhumatI ke abhyantaropasthAna (darabAra-e-khAsa) meM rahanevAlI kAmapatAkA Adi ATha nATakIya nartakiyoM (nADaijjA) ke nAmoM kA ullekha saMghadAsagaNI ne kiyA hai (priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 281) / AcArya bharata ke anusAra bhI nATakIya nartakiyA~ catura, nATyakuzala, UhApohavicakSaNa aura rUpayauvanasampanna hotI thiiN| AcArya bharata ne kahA hai ki nATya meM gIta aura vAdya kA yoga hone para usakA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotaa| arthAt, nATya kI zAzvatI pratiSThA ke lie usameM gIta aura vAdya kA samanvaya anivArya hai| bharata ne vAdya ko to 'nATya kI zayyA' hI kahA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne bharata ke isa nATyasiddhAnta kA samarthana karate hue hI mAnoM nATya meM gIta ke samAveza kA ullekha kiyA hai| kathA hai ki aparAjita aura anantavIrya nAma ke vidyAdhara sukhAsana para baiThakara barbarI aura cilAtikA nAma kI uttama nartakI dAsiyoM dvArA prastuta nATya aura gIta (nATya-saMgIta) kA Ananda lete the (ketumatIlambha : pR. 325) / devAMganAoM yA vidyAdhariyoM dvArA nATyopahAra yA nRtyopahAra (NaTTovahAreNa) dvArA avadhijJAnI muniyoM kI pUjA-ArAdhanA kI jAtI thii| ambaratilaka parvata para manorama udyAna meM jaba AcArya yugandhara gaNasahita padhAre the, taba vidyAdharI nirnAmikA ne guru kI tIna pradakSiNApUrvaka vandanA kI thI aura apanA nAma-nivedanaM karake nATya-nRtyopahAra se unakA pUjotsava kiyA thA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 173) / vastutaH, nATya aura nRtya meM prAcIna kalAzAstriyoM kI abheda-bhAvanA rahI hai / nRtya vastutaH nATya (abhinaya) kA hI anivArya aMga thA / isIlie, AcArya bharata ne nRtya ko nATyadharmA kahA hai| tadanusAra, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prayukta prAkRta 'NaTTovahAra' zabda se nRtyopahAra aura nATyopahAra donoM kA saMketa hotA hai| yoM, nRtya aura nATya, donoM hI aMgAbhinaya-pradhAna hote haiN| 'NaTTovahAra' zabda nRttopahAra ko bhI saMketita karatA hai| bharata ne nRtya ke artha meM 'nRtta' kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| hAlA~ki, kozakAroM ne thor3I zabdazAstrIya gaharAI me jAkara 'nRtya' aura 'nRtta' kA bheda karate hue batAyA hai ki 'nRtya' tAlalayAzrita hotA hai aura 'nRtta' bhAvAzrita / zrIvAmana zivarAma ApTe ne nATya ke tIna artha kiye haiM: nRtyakalA, abhinaya-kalA aura naattyklaa| 'nRtta' nATya ke adhika samIpI hai; kyoMki usameM bhAvapUrNa yA bhAvAzrita aMgavikSepa yA aMgAbhinaya kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura nRtya meM tAla, laya aura rasa ke Azrita aMgavikSepa ko pramukhatA dI jAtI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'NaTTa' kA prayoga bharata kI paramparA 1.(ka) NaTTa : "jo ya itthI puriso vA pahuNopariosanimittaM nijojiu dhaNavaiNo vA viusajaNanibaddhaM vihimaNusaraMto je pAda-sira-nayaNa-kaMdharAdi sNcaaleh....|" (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 167) (kha) "joya parapariosa-nimittaM raMgayaro nevatyio sumahaMtaM pi bhAraM vhejj...|" (tatraiva) 2. caturA naattykushlaashcohaapohvickssnnaaH| . . rUpayovanasampannA nATakIyAzya nartakI // - nATyazAstra, 34.42 3. vAdyeSu yatnaH prathamaM tu kAryaH zayyA hi nATyasya vadanti vAdyam / vAdye'pi gIte'pi ca samprayukte nATyasya yogo na vinAzameti / -nATya,, 33.270 4. lalitairaGgavinyAsaistathotkSiptapadakrameH / nRtyate gamyate yacca nATyadharmI tu sA smRtA // nATyazAstra, 15.77

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284 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA ke anusAra, nATya ke samIpI 'nRtta' ke artha meM hI kiyA hai, aisA anumAna sAdhAra aura prasaMgopAtta hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne nATya ke sandarbha meM hI vyAyAmikA kalA kA ullekha kiyA hai| vasudeva ne apanI patnI padmA ke sAtha lalita ramyakalAoM aura sAle aMzumAn (kapilA nAma kI patnI kA bhAI) ke sAtha vyAyAmikA kalA ko Ayatta karate hue sukhapUrvaka samaya bitAyA thaa| bharata ne 'nATyazAstra' meM nRtta meM prayukta honevAlI cArI ko vyAyAma kahA hai| paira, jA~gha, Uru (ghuTane aura Takhane ke bIca kA bhAga) aura kamara ke samAna karaNa (aMgAbhinaya) kI ceSTA ko 'cArI' kahate haiM (11.1) / cAriyoM meM aMgoM kA paraspara vyAyAma yA vistArIkaraNa hotA hai, isalie unheM 'vyAyAma' kahA gayA hai (11.2) / isakA prayoga nRtta, yuddha aura calane kI kriyA meM hotA hai| zastra-saMcAlana Adi meM bhI cAriyoM kA prayoga hotA hai| nATya meM yuddhAbhinaya ke samaya 'cArI-vyAyAma' kA pradarzana kiyA jAtA hai, isalie bharata ne ise nATyAbhinaya meM parigaNita kiyA hai| yadyapi, vastutaH yaha mallavidyA yA yuddhavidyA se sambandha rakhatA hai| nATya meM saphala cAriyoM kA prayoga vahI nartakI kara sakatI hai, jo vyAyAmikA kalA meM niSNAta hotI hai| saMgIta : 'vasudevahiNDI' se isa bAta kI sUcanA milatI hai ki jinapUjA ke avasara para, rAjocita DhaMga se saMgIta kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA thA, jisameM vibhinna vAdyoM ke alAvA vINA kI pradhAnatA rahatI thii| puNDrAlambha kI kathA (pR. 212) hai ki vasudeva ne aSTAhika (ATha dinoM kA) jinotsava mnaayaa| usa utsava meM sabhI kalAkuzala vyaktiyoM ko Amantrita kiyA gyaa| nagara ke goSThika jana bhI padhAre / usake bAda mitrasahita vINAdatta ke sAtha vasudeva bhI jina-jAgaraNotsava meM upasthita hue| vahA~ nAgarajana saMgIta-gAna aura vAdya-vAdana karate hue apanI saMgIta-kalA kA pradarzana kara rahe the| usa saMgIta-sabhA meM kUsika (sUtI vastra kI kamIja) se AvRta devakumAra ke samAna manoharazarIra rAjA baiThA thaa| sabhA meM upasthita vasudeva ke sAle aMzumAn ne apanI AryikA phUA ke prati atizaya Adara-bhAvanA ke kAraNa vINAdatta ke gIta ko apane svara se tato'dhika viziSTa banA diyaa| rAjA ke sAnnidhya meM gAne kA krama Ane para vINAdatta ne vasudeva se kahA : "AryajyeSTha ! rAjA ke lie prastuta kiye jAnevAle saMgIta meM Apa kRpayA vINA bajAyeM yA gAna kreN|" vasudeva ne 'jinapUjA' mAnakara vINAdatta kA Agraha svIkAra kara liyA aura zrutimadhura gIta prastuta kiyaa| isa krama meM vasudeva ne 'nAgarAga' aura 'kinnaragItaka' kA prayoga kiyaa| saMghadAsagaNI ke 'nAgarAga' kI tulanA budhasvAmI kI 'nAgamUrcchanA' se kI jA sakatI hai : 1. cAribhiH prastutaM nRttaM cAribhizceSTitaM tthaa| cAribhiH zastramokSazca cAryoyuddhe ca kiirtitaaH|| - nATyazAstra, 11 / 5 2. bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM naravAhanadatta ke prati gomukha ne jo bhUmikA nibAhI hai, vasudevahiNDI' meM vasudeva ke prati aMzumAn kI bhI vahI bhUmikA rahI hai| nAma aura sambandha kI bhinnatA ke atirikta, donoM granthoM kI kathAoM meM gomukha aura aMzumAn kI cAritrika bhUmikAe~ prAyaH abhinna haiN|

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ yadi ca grAhayetkiJcittvAM nAgAdhipatistataH / sanAgamUrcchanA grAhyA vINA ghoSavatI tvayA // (bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha, 5.140) uparyukta sandarbha se kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI bhAratIya saMgItazAstra meM gaharI paiTha kA sahaja hI anumAna hotA hai / yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki kalA kI saMkhyA kI bhA~ti prAcIna bhAratIya saMgIta kI rAga-rAginiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI anizcita hai / hAlA~ki, bhAratIya saMgItazAstra meM chaha prasiddha rAga tathA chattIsa rAginiyoM ko hI prAtinidhika mahattva prApta hai| chaha pramukha rAgoM (bhairava, zrI, mAlakoza, dIpaka, megha aura hiNDola) ke nAmoM meM bhI bhinnatA milatI hai| paurANika kathA hai ki rAgoM kI utpatti ziva aura pArvatI ke saMyoga se huI hai| mahAdeva ke pA~ca mukha se pA~ca aura pArvatI ke eka mukha eka-- isa prakAra kula chaha rAgoM kA AvirbhAva huA hai / mahAdeva ke sadyojAta mukha se zrIrAga, vAmadeva mukha se vasanta rAga, aghoramukha se bhairava rAga, tatpuruSa mukha se paMcama rAga tathA IzAnamukha se megharAga evaM pArvatI ke mukha se naTTanArAyaNa rAga utpanna mAne jAte haiN| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA carcita nAgarAga aura kinnaragIta kA ullekha unake pUrvavartI bharata ke nATyazAstra meM nahIM milatA hai aura paravartI saMgItazAstriyoM ne nAgarAga yA kinnaragIta kI carcA nahIM kI hai| aisI sthiti meM saMghadAsagaNI kA etadviSayaka AdhArasrota kA ThIka anumAna sambhava nahIM hai aura yaha saMgItAcAryoM ke lie mahattvapUrNa vivecanIya viSaya hai| phira bhI, itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki bharata-prokta rAga (aMza ke prasaMga meM ullikhita ') jAtiyoM ke atyanta manohara saMghaTita rUpa ko kahate haiN| siMha (ziMga) bhUpAla ne bhI kahA hai: "jAtisambhUtavAd rAgANAm / rAga kA vizeSa guNa yaha hai ki yaha asAdhAraNa rUpa se AkarSaka hotA hai tathA isameM zabdoM dvArA anirvacanIya Ananda dene kI zakti nihita rahatI hai ('rajyate yasmAtsa rAgaH' yA 'raJjayati yaH sa rAgaH ) / dUsare zabdoM meM, rAga jAtiyoM ke ramaNIka saMghaTana se utpanna Ananda kA anubhava hai / saMghadAsagaNIprokta nAgarAga, anumAnataH nAgajAti (gandharvajAti ke samakakSa nAgarAja dharaNa) ke mukha se utpanna AnandadAyaka rAga-vizeSa se sambaddha koI apUrva rAga rahA hogA aura kinnaragIta spaSTa hI kinnaroM dvArA gAI jAnevAlI viziSTa gItavidhA hogI / yoM, saMghadAsagaNI ne gIta kI jo paribhASA prastuta kI hai, usameM nRtya aura nATya kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai| aura isa prakAra, vaha 'gItaM nRtyaM tathA vAdyaM trayaM saGgItamucyate' kA samarthaka jAna par3ate haiN| unhoMne likhA hai ki 'paraspara samAgama ke abhilASI strI-puruSa, eka dUsare ke kruddha hone para, prasanna karane ke nimitta kuzala vyaktiyoM ke cintana prasUta tathA vividha jAtiyoM (prakAroM) meM nibaddha zarIra, mana aura vacana kI jisa kriyA kA prayoga 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : kalAvivecana (pUrvavat, pR. 104 2. svarasAdhAraNagatAstistro jJeyAstu jAtayaH / madhyamA pazcamI caivA SaDjamadhyA tathaiva ca // grahastusavajAtInAmaMza eva hi kIrttitaH / 285 yasminvasati rAgastu yasmAccaiva pravarttate // nATyazAstra, 28.36,71, 72 3.4. 'svatantra kalAzAstra' (tadeva) : DaoN. kAnticandra pANDeya, pR. 551-552 l

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286 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA karate haiM, vaha 'gIta' kahalAtA hai / " gIta kI prastuta paribhASA meM zarIra kriyA kA ullekha nRtya-nATya kA hI saMketaka hai / ukta kinnaragIta ke alAvA, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'dhruvagIti' aura 'viSNugIta' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathA hai ki namuci purohita ke kahane para, viSNukumAra ne tIna paga bhUmi nApane ke pUrva dhuvA par3hI, usake bAda unakA divya zarIra kramazaH bar3hakara vizAla hotA calA gayA ('teNa dhuo paTTio, khaNeNa ya divvarUvo saMvutto' : gandharvadattAlambha: pR. 130 ) / nATya meM prayukta dhruvAgIti kA tAtparya dhruvapada yA dhrupadagAna se bhI sambhava hai| hAlA~ki, DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne ise bhrAnta kahA hai| kintu kallinAtha - kRta 'saMgItaratnAkara' ke AdhAra para AcArya kailAzacandradeva bRhaspati ne dhruva-prabandha meM niyojita pada ko hI 'dhruvapada' kahA hai| isIlie, kadAcit saMghadAsagaNI ne 'dhruva' (prA. dhuo) kA ullekha kiyA hai| DaoN. rAghavan ke anusAra, dhruvA eka vizeSa prakAra kI gIti yA sAMgItika saMghaTana thii| dhruvagItiyA~ prAyaH prAkRta bhASA meM hotI thiiN| isake pA~ca bheda the : prAvezikI, naiSkrAmikI, AkSepikI, AntarA aura prAsAdikI / AntarA dhuvAgIti viSaNNatA, vismRti, krodha, suptAvasthA, mattAvasthA, bhAva kI abhivyakti, gambhIra bhAra kA avasAda, mUrcchA, patana aura doSa- pracchAdanakAla meM gAI thii| bharata muni dhuvAgIti ke sambandha meM apane 'nATyazAstra' meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA 14 hai| bharata ke dhruvAgIti-viSayaka yathAvivecita bheda ke anusAra, yaha spaSTa hai ki viSNukumAra ne 'AntarA' - saMjJaka dhruvAgIti par3hI thI; kyoMki usakA vaha krodhakAla thA (tato rosavasapajjalio miNiukAmo viuvviyasarIro pavaDio, ukkhitto ya calaNo; tatraiva : pR. 129) / saMghadAsagaNI dvArA carcita 'viSNugIta ' unakI svatantra sAMgItika udbhAvanA hai| isa sandarbha meM unhoMne eka rocaka kathA kI avatAraNA kI hai| (isa kathA kA vivaraNollekha prastuta grantha ke 'mithaka'- prakaraNa meM draSTavya hai)| isa viSNugIta ke pravartaka saMgItazAstra ke prasiddha AcArya tumburu aura nArada the / ise tumburu aura nArada ke atirikta hAhA, hUhU aura vizvAvasu jaise indrasabhA ke suvikhyAta saMgItajJoM ne tilottamA, rambhA, menakA aura urvazI jaisI devaloka kI prakhyAta apsarAoM ke nRtya ke sAtha viSNu kI prasannatA ke lie gAyA thaa| isa viSNugIta meM saptasvaratantrI (sAta tAroMvAlI vINA) jaise tatavAdya kA prayoga kiyA gayA thaa| ise saptasvaratantrI se nissRta gAndhAragrAma meM gAyA gayA thA / yaha viSNugIta nArada aura tumburu se martyavAsI vidyAdharoM ko prApta huA thA / nArada aura tumburu gandharva jAti ke deva-vizeSa the, isalie inase utpanna hone kAraNa saMgIta kI apara saMjJA 'gAndharva' bhI hai| bharata ne bhI 'nATyazAstra' meM isakA samarthana kiyA hai| 1. " taheva itthI puriso vA aNNoSNasamAgamAhilAsI kuviyapasAyaNanimitte jAto kAyamaNa - vAigIo kiriyAo pauMjiyAo kusalajaNaciMtiyAo vivihajAinibaddhAo gIyaM" ti vuccai / " (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 166) 2. 'harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana', pR. 19 tathA 224 (zuddhipatra ) 3. 'dhruvapada aura usakA vikAsa', pra. bihAra- rASTra bhASA pariSad, paTanA, a. 1, pR. 38 4. dra. 'pariSad-patrikA', varSa 1, aMka 4 (janavarI, 1962 I), pR. 44 5. nATyazAstra, 32.339-340 6. atyarthamiSTaM devAnAM tathA prItikaraM punaH / gandharvANAmidaM yasmAttasmAdgAndharvamucyate // - nATyazAstra, 28.9

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vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 287 -bharata ke anusAra, saptasvaratantrI vINA kA nAma citrA thA ('saptatantrI bhaveMccitrA, nA. zA.: 29.114) aura ise kevala aMguliyoM se bajAyA jAtA thAM (citrA cAGgulivAdanA': uparivat) / spaSTa hai ki viSNugIta meM citrA vINA kA prayoga kiyA gayA thaa| isI krama meM jJAtavya hai ki campAnagarI meM saMgItAcArya sugrIva ne saMgItazikSA ke krama meM, vasudeva se pahale tumburu aura nArada kI pUjA kraaii| usake bAda unheM jo vINA, sIkhane ke lie, dI gaI, usake sAtha candanakASTha se nirmita koNa (vINAvAdana-daNDaH Adhunika yathAprayukta zabda 'mijarAva ) bhI diyA gayA thA : 'tato appiyA me vINA caMdanakoNaM ca (tatraiva, pR. 127) / bharata ne 'nATyazAstra' meM likhA hai ki vipacI vINA koNa se bajAI jAtI thI, jo nau tAroMvAlI hotI thI / isase spaSTa hai ki sugrIva ne saMgItazikSA ke krama meM vasudeva ko vipaMcI vINA hI bajAne ko dI thI / saMgItazAstra meM sAta svaragrAma prasiddha haiM: niSAda, RSabha, gAndhAra, SaDja, madhyama, dhaivata aura paMcama / grAmoM kI bhI, pratyekazaH, sAta-sAta mUrcchanAe~ hotI haiM / sAtoM svaroM ke utAra-car3hAva ko mUrcchanA kahate haiM aura pratyeka rAga kA svatantra mUrcchanAcakra hotA hai / punaH mUrcchanAoM meM pratyeka tIna bheda mAne gaye haiM: antara- gAndhAra, kAkalI - niSAda aura gAndhAra- kAkalI - niSAda / isa prakAra, gAndhAra grAma kI bhI sAta mUrcchanAe~ hotI haiM : nandA, vizAlA, sumukhI, citrA, citrAvanI, sukhA aura AlApA / rAga kI utpatti meM grAma aura mUrcchanA kA bar3A mahattva hai| kyoMki, saMgIta ke mahattvapUrNa AdhAra zruti se hI svara, svaroM se grAma, grAmoM se mUrcchanA, mUrcchanA se jAti aura jAti se rAgoM kI utpatti hotI hai / svaragrAma yA saragama kI dRSTi se gAndhAra kA svarasaMketa 'ga' hai aura saMgItajJoM ne ise komala svara mAnA hai| isIlie komala svara kI pramukhatA ke kAraNa viSNukumAra kI * zAnti ke lie viSNugIta meM gAndhAragrAma kA prayoga nArada aura tumburu ne kiyA thA / isase saMghadAsagaNI ke saMgIta kI samayajJatA meM tato'dhika naipuNya kI sUcanA milatI hai / isI sukumAra viSNugIta ko vasudeva ne gandharvadattA ke sAtha gAndhAra-grAma aura usakI mUrcchanA tathA tristhAna aura karaNa se zuddha evaM tAla aura layagraha kI samatA ke sAtha gAyA thA evaM saptasvaratantrI nAma kI uttama vINA para use bajAyA bhI thaa| tabhI to gIta kI samApti para nAgaroM ne ghoSaNA kI thI "ohaM ! (gIta-vAdya) kI samatA (mela) aura sukumAratA ke sAtha bajAyA aura gAyA gayA" (aho ! samaM sukumAlaM ca vAiyaM gIyaM ca tti / ) brahmA ke putra bharata muni ne dhruvA ke sandarbha meM hI sthAna (sthiti), karaNa (nRtyagativizeSa yA aMgahAra = aMgAbhinaya), tAla aura laya kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki viSNugIta bhI dhruvAgIti yA dhruvA kA hI viziSTa bheda thA / 1. vipaJthI navatantrikA / vipatI koNavAdyA syAta / nATyazAstra, 29. 114 2. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dra. kalA - vivecana, (pUrvavat) pR. 109 3. saMghadAsagaNI ne viSNugIta kI paMktiyA~ gAthA meM isa prakAra rakhI hai : uvasama sAhuvariTThayA ! na hu kovo vaNNio jiNidehiM / huti hu kovamasIlayA, pAvaMti bahUNi jAiyavvAI // gItikA // (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 139) 4.dra. nATyazAstra, a. 33

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288 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA - isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM nRtya, nATya aura vAdya-saMgIta ke vividha tattvoM ko bar3I sUkSmatA ke sAtha samAviSTa kiyA hai| sAtha hI, unhoMne saMgIta, nRtya aura citrakalAoM kA prAya: samekita rUpa meM hI ullekha kiyA hai : "ramAmi haM gaMdhavve naTTe Alekkhe ca" (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 141) / isase spaSTa hai ki usa mahAn kathAkAra ne bhAratIya lalitakalAoM kA gambhIra aura samagrAtmaka anuzIlana kiyA hogA, sAtha hI vaha vaidika (sAmavaidika) aura vaidikottara bhAratIya zAstrIya saMgItakalA ke zAstrakAroM kI saMgItavidyAoM ke bahuzruta adhItI rahe hoNge| bharatamuni ne nArada ko vAdya-saMgIta kA prAmANika zAstrakAra mAnA hai| tadanusAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI nArada aura tumburu ko viSNugIta kA AviSkartA mAnA hai aura likhA hai ki unhIM donoM saMgItakAroM se vidyAdharoM ko prApta saMgItazikSA kA isa martyabhUmi para pracAra-prasAra huaa| dyUtakalA : prAcIna bhAratIya kalA-cintA meM chUtakalA ko bhI bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta thaa| jainAgamokta bahattara kalAoM meM dyUtakalA ko bhI parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| bauddhagrantha 'lalitavistara' kI kalAsUcI meM bhI akSakrIr3A kA ullekha hai| vAtsyAyana ke 'kAmazAstra' tathA 'zukranItisAra' kI kalAsUciyoM meM bhI dyUtakrIr3A kI gaNanA huI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki prAcIna bhArata meM dyUtakalA kA vyApaka pracAra thaa| mahAbhArata-yuddha kA mUla kAraNa dyUta hI thaa| mahAbhAratetara prAcIna granthoM meM bhI dyUta kA vizada varNana upalabdha hotA hai| 'mRcchakaTika' aura 'caturbhANI' ke sAkSya ke anusAra yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vezyA aura madyapAna ke sAtha-sAtha dyUtakrIr3A bhI usa yuga ke Amoda-pramoda kA mukhya sAdhana thii| _ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI aneka sthaloM para chUta kA adbhuta varNana kiyA gayA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke caritanAyaka svayaM vasudeva uttama zreNI ke dyUtakalA-vizeSajJa the| pandrahaveM vegavatIlambha (pR. 247) meM rAjagRha kI dyUtasabhA kA ullekha hai / vahA~ bar3e-bar3e dhanI, amAtya, seTha, sArthavAha, purohita, talavara (nagarapAla) aura daNDanAyaka maNi aura suvarNa kI rAziyoM ko dA~va para lagAkara jUA khelate the| dyUtasabhA ke sadasyoM ne jaba vasudeva se pUchA ki yahA~ ibhyaputra apane-apane dhana se khelate haiM, tuma kaise kheloge, taba vasudeva ne apanI hIre kI aMgUThI dikhAI, jisakA mUlya vahA~ upasthita eka ratnaparIkSaka ne eka lAkha aaNkaa| isa dyUtasabhA ke anusAra, eka lAkha mUlya kI maNi kI rAzi nimna koTi kI bAjI mAnI jAtI thI; battIsa, cAlIsa aura pacAsa lAkha kI bAjI madhyama koTi kI hotI thI aura assI-nabbe karor3a kA dA~va uttama koTi kA kahalAtA thaa| pA~ca sau kI bAjI to atyanta nikRSTa koTi kI samajhI jAtI thii| hArane para juAr3I dUnI-tigunI rAzi dA~va para lagAte cale jAte the| vasudeva lagAtAra jItate hI cale gye| unhoMne jaba hisAba karane ko kahA, taba dyUtasabhA ke anusAra vasudeva dvArA jItI gaI rAzi eka karor3a kI niklii| kintu vasudeva ne apanI jItI huI rAzI ko, dyUtazAlA ke adhikArI ko bulAkara, garIboM meM bA~Ta dene ko khaa| 1. gAndhavametat kathitaM mayA hi pUrva yaduktaM tviha nAradena / kuryAdya evaM manujaH prayogaM sammAnamagrayaM kuzaleSu gacchet // - nA.zA.:32.484

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vasadevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ 289 jUAghara duSToM aura coroM kA aDDA huA karatA thaa| dhammallahiNDI kI, agaDadatta kI AtmakathA (pR. 39) meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki adhikatara duSTa aura cora pAnAgAra, dyUtazAlA, halavAI kI dUkAna, pANDuvastradhArI parivrAjakoM ke maTha, raktAmbaradhArI bhikSuoM ke koThe, dAsIgRha, ArAma, udyAna, sabhA, prapA (panazAlA) aura zUnya devakula meM rahate the| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'mukha' prakaraNa (pR. 106) meM satyabhAmAputra bhAnu aura jAmbavatIputra zAmba ke sAtha dyUtakrIr3A kI vicitra kathA AI hai| pahale to bhAnu ke sugge aura zAmba ke maine meM zlokapATha kI bAjI lagI, jisakI rAzi eka karor3a thii| bhAnu kA suggA zalokapATha meM ruka gayA aura zAmba kA mainA nirantara zlokapATha karatA rhaa| isa prakAra, zAmba jIta gayA aura zarta meM prApta dhana ko durdAnta goSThikoM aura dInoM-anAthoM meM bA~Ta diyaa| dUsarI bAra gandhayukti meM zAmba ne bhAnu kI, dA~va para lagAI gaI do karor3a kI rAzi jIta lI aura prApta dhana ko pracaNDa balazAlI goSThikoM aura parijanoM meM bA~Ta diyaa| tIsarI bAra zAmba ne bhAnu se uttama AbhUSaNoM ke prayoga meM lagAI gaI cAra karor3a kI bAjI jIta lii| zAmba bar3A uddhata thaa| vaha bhAnu ko nAhaka parezAna kiyA karatA thaa| anta meM, bhAiyoM ke bIca kI isa juebAjI ko rokane ke lie svayaM kRSNa ko hastakSepa karanA pdd'aa| isa dyUta-prasaMga se yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya atizaya sampanna nAgarikoM meM prAya: jUe meM jItI gaI rAzi ko garIboM yA parijanoM aura goSThikoM meM bA~Ta dene kI sAmAnya pravRtti pracalita thii| _ 'vasudevahiNDI' ke naveM azvasenAlambha (pR. 206) meM azvadyUta, arthAt ghor3e ko dA~va para rakhakara jUA khelane kA ullekha hai| jayapuranivAsI rAjA subAhu ke putra meghasena aura abhagnasena azvadyUta meM apane dhana ko dA~va para lagAte the| bar3A bhAI meghasena jo dhana jItatA thA, usameM choTe bhAI abhagnasena ko hissA nahIM detA thA, ulaTe choTe bhAI ke jIte hue dhana ko bhI har3apa letA thaa| prAcIna bhArata ke isa azvadyUta se Adhunika kAla meM pracalita 'haoNrsa resa' meM dhana ko dA~va para lagAne kI prathA kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| isI prakAra, dasaveM puNDrAlambha (pR. 210) meM bhI eka bahuta hI rocaka dyUtakathA kA ullekha huA hai| eka bAra vasudeva apane sAle aMzumAn ke sAtha bhadrilapura phuNce| vahA~ brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM paricita aMzumAn, apane bahanoI vasudeva ke lie ekAnta AvAsa khojane ke krama meM kharIda-pharokhta kI vibhinna vastuoM se saje bAjAra kI galiyoM se gujara rahA thA, tabhI eka dUkAna para use eka sArthavAha se bheMTa huii| aMzumAn sArthavAha se bAtacIta kara rahA thA ki bahuta joroM kA hallA huaa| aMzumAn ne socA ki avazya koI hAthI yA bhaiMsA A gayA hai, isIlie janasaMkSobha se yaha hallA huA hai| yadyapi, aisA koI kAraNa nahIM dikhAI par3A aura hallA zAnta bhI ho gyaa| kSaNabhara ke bAda puna: vaisA hI hallA huaa| pUchane para sArthavAha ne batAyA ki yahA~ dhanI ibhyaputra bahuta moTI rAzi dA~va para lagAkara jUA khelate haiM, isIlie jUe meM huI AmadanI ke sambandha meM ve hallA karate haiN| ise zubha zakuna mAnakara aMzumAn dyUtasabhA meM calA gyaa| vahA~ dvArapAla ne use TokA : "yahA~ to ibhyaputra jUA khelate haiN| brAhmaNoM ko yahA~ Ane kI kyA jarUrata?" aMzumAn ne kahA : "kuzala vyakti ke lie ati viziSTa puruSa aura usake hastalAghava ko dekhane meM koI virodha nhiiN|" praveza pAkara aMzumAn sabhA ke bIca calA gyaa| vaNikputroM ne eka karor3a dA~va para lagA

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290 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA rakhA thaa| ibhyaputroM ne usase pUchA : "jUA khelane kI vidhi jAnate ho?" usake bAda usane dyUtakAroM ko apanI yukti ke anukUla pAzA pheMkane ke AtmanirNaya se avagata kraayaa| bahuta moTI rAzi dA~va para lagI thI, jise vINAdatta ne jItA / taba vINAdatta ne usase kahA : "yadi tumhArI icchA hai, to dA~va lagAo aura khelo|" aMzumAn usake pakSa meM jAkara baiTha gyaa| isapara vipakSiyoM ne lalakArA : "apane-apane dhana se juA khelie, isa vyApAra meM brAhmaNa kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ?" vINAdatta ne kahA : "brAhmaNa mere dhana se jUA khele|" taba, aMzumAn ne apane AbhUSaNa dikhlaaye| sA~pa (bhogI) kI najaroM (apalaka netroM) se unhoMne (ibhyaputroM ne) AbhUSaNoM ko dekhakara unheM svArjita hI samajhA aura ve santuSTa hokara khelane lge| sonA, maNi, hIrA Adi bahuta sArA dhana aMzumAn ne dA~va para rakhA aura vaha jIta gyaa| vINAdatta ne apane AdamiyoM se kahA : "brAhmaNa ke dhana ko ekatra kara lo|" ____ aMzumAn vahA~ se cala pdd'aa| taba vINAdatta ne kahA : "Arya ! kahA~ cale?" aMzumAn bolA : "apane guru AryajyeSTha ke lie yogya AvAsa DhU~r3hane jA rahA huuN|" vINAdatta ne Agraha kiyA : "mere ghara aura vaibhava para tumhArA adhikAra hai, tuma mere ghara meM rho|" taba vINAdatta ke parijanoM (sevakoM) ke sAtha aMzumAn usake ghara gayA aura vahIM, usakI bAta mAnakara, usane jUe meM jIte gaye dhana ko muharabanda karake rakha diyaa| usake bAda aMzumAn vasudeva ke pAsa lauTa AyA / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI yathAvivRta dyUtagoSThiyoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga kI dyUtasabhA meM nagara ke dhanADhya vaNik, seTha, sArthavAha Adi vyApArI-varga ke pratinidhi to bhAga lete hI the, prazAsaka-varga ke pratinidhi amAtya, nagarapAla, daNDanAyaka Adi bhI isameM sammilita hote the| inake atirikta, purohita Adi dhArmika varga ke pratinidhi tathA bar3e-bar3e dhanI puruSa Adi nAgarika-varga bhI jUe meM jamate the| jUe meM juAr3iyoM ko apane-apane dhana se hI khelanA par3atA thA aura bAjI jItane para prApta dhana kI AmadanI ke sambandha meM juAr3I Apasa meM bahuta hallA-gullA karate the| 'dyUtasabhA meM brAhmaNoM ko pravezAdhikAra prAya: nahIM milatA thaa| cAla calane yA pAzA pheMkane meM dhUrta aura catura khilAr3I apane hAtha kI saphAI bhI dikhAte the| catura cAlabAja prAya: apanI bAjI jIta jAte the| dyUtazAlA prAya: saje-dhaje bAjAra kI bhIr3a-bharI galiyoM meM huA karatI thii| dA~va para lagI bar3I-bar3I ratnarAziyoM para juAr3iyoM kI gRdhra-dRSTi rahatI thii| kula milAkara, kalA kI dRSTi se purAyuga kI dyUtakrIr3A meM dhana aura buddhi kA, veza-vinyAsa aura vAgviniyoga kA bar3A hI lalita aura samRddha samanvaya rahatA thaa| niSkarSa : saMghadAsagaNI ne, kahanA na hogA kI, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM lalitakalAoM ke itane vizAla vaibhava kA viniyoga kiyA hai, ki vaha eka svatantra zodha-adhyayana kA viSaya hai| prastuta prabandha meM lalitakalAoM ke katipaya pramukha prasaMgoM kA hI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne indriyoM ke mAdhyama se pratyakSIkaraNa kI vizeSatA ke AdhAra para lalitakalAoM ko do sthUla bhAgoM meM upanyasta kiyA hai--netrendriya dvArA Ananda denevAlI kalAe~ aura zrotrendriya dvArA Ananda pradAna karanevAlI kalAe~ / prathama meM nRtya, nATya, citra, mUrti, vAstu Adi mUrta-dRzya kalAoM ko liyA

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291 vasudevahiNDI kI pAramparika vidyAe~ jA sakatA hai aura dvitIya meM saMgItakalA jaisI amUrta zravyakalA kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai| ina donoM prakAra kI kalAoM ke pradarzana meM saundaryabodha-sampanna kathAkAra kA mUla uddezya 'sundara' kI abhivyakti yA 'saundarya' kA vivarddhana hai| pratyeka lalitakalA ke prayoga meM bhAratIya prAcIna lalitakalA ke vizeSajJa kalAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne prAya: sarvatra apanI saundaryamUlaka zilparuci kA sAtizaya vareNya upasthApana kiyA hai / ataeva, unakA pratyeka kalA-prastutIkaraNa, saundarya kI ikAI ke rUpa meM, apanA sandarbhAtmaka mahattva rakhatA hai| saMghadAsagaNI-kRta lalitakalAoM ke citraNa meM nandatika bodha ko surakSita rakhane kI satarkatA kA nairantarya parilakSita hotA hai| phalata:, unake kalA-cintana meM saundaryazAstrIya dRSTi se kalpanA ke bahu-AyAmI prakAra nirdhArita kiye jA sakate haiN| saMghadAsagaNI jaise mahAn kalAkAra ne apanI kalpanA-prasUta mAnasika sarjanAzakti dvArA kathA ke kSetra meM, nizcaya hI, ramaNIya nUtana sRSTi aura abhinava rUpa-vyApAra kA Urjasvala vidhAna kiyA hai| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI, kalA ke kSetra meM, eka svatantra bhAratIya kalAcintaka ke rUpa meM ubharakara sAmane Ate haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya meM kalA-vibhAjana kI avatariNakA bahuta vizada hai| isIlie, saMghadAsagaNI ne vinA kisI sAmpradAyika Agraha ke, apanI kathA meM vibhinna kalAsampradAyoM kA sarasa tAttvika samanvaya vizuddha saundarya aura Ananda kI sRSTi kI dRSTi se kiyA hai / phalata ; kathAoM ke mAdhyama dvArA zravya aura dRzya kalAoM kI tAttvika anta:sambaddhatA ke saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika adhyayana ke dRSTikoNa se 'vasudevahiNDI' mahattvapUrNa sthAna Ayatta karatI hai| kalA ke sAtha hI, bhAratIya pAramparika vidyAoM kA jJAnAtmaka vizleSaNa 'vasudevahiNDI' kA mahanIya mUlyavAn pakSa hai / saMghadAsagaNI dvArA upasthApita prAcIna pAramparika vidyAoM ke vibhAvana meM jJAna-prasAra ke sAtha hI saundarya-cetanA kA vistAra bhI anusyUta hai / isa sandarbha meM kathAkAra kI alaMkaraNa aura pratirUpaNa kI sahaja pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai| kula milAkara, kathAkAra kI yaha laukikAtilaukika racanA-pravRtti AnandadAyinI sarjanA se hI sambaddha hai| pAramparika vidyAoM ke viniyoga meM yadyapi 'ati' se 'yathArtha' Acchanna ho gayA hai, tathApi unakI nandatika cetanA sarvatra apratihata aura avyAhata hai| yaha ativAdI sthati prAcIna kathAkAroM kI kathAzailI kI apanI ullekhanIya viziSTatA rahI hai aura isI meM prAcIna mahatkathAoM kI apanI 'nijatA' aura 'maulikatA' surakSita hai| prAkRtika aura bhautika jagat kI bhayaMkaratAoM, aniSToM aura udvelanoM se bacane yA AtmarakSA ke lie Adima samAja kA adRzya saMrakSaka ke rUpa meM pAramparika vidyAoM kA Azraya lenA kAlocita thaa| isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI rahasyAtmaka pAramparika vidyAoM kA adhyayana tadAnIntana sAmAjika manovRtti ke pariprekSya meM hI vAMchita hai| phira bhI, itanA dhyAtavya hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI, virAmakAla para pahu~cI huI, nAgara saMskAroM se maNDita Adima vidyAe~ yA kalAe~ nandatika paryutsukatA se samRddha saundarya-cetanA aura mAnava-jJAna ke viSaya-vipula paridhi- vistAra ke naye vAtAyana kA samudghATana karatI haiN|

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adhyayana:4 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 'vasudevahiNDI' prAcIna bhAratIya lokacitroM kA vizAla saMgraha hai, jisameM tatkAlIna lokajIvana kI aneka mohaka chaviyA~ apanI vividhatA aura vicitratA ke sAtha pratibimbita haiN| ina lokacitroM meM saMghadAsagaNI ne usa yuga ke bhAratIya samAja ke sat aura asat pakSoM kA atizaya samujjvalatA aura samIcInatA ke sAtha udbhAvana kiyA hai| unhoMne samAja kI una burAiyoM kA bhI paradAphAza kiyA hai, jinheM par3hakara pAThakoM kI nAka-bhauMha sikur3ane lagatI haiM aura acchAiyoM ke bhI aise utkRSTa citra prastuta kiye haiM, jinase bhAratIya samAja kI mahanIyatA para hRdaya garvodgrIva ho uThatA hai / kula milAkara, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM jana-jIvana ke bahuraMge AyAmoM kA bhavya nirUpaNa karanevAlI asIma sAmagrI samAhita hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne lokajIvana yA sAmAjika janajIvana ke citraNa meM samAja kI sUkSmAtisUkSma mAnasika saMracanA kA dhyAna rakhA hai| isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM mAnava-vikAsa kI usa Arambhika dazA kA pradIpta citraNa milatA hai, jo nRtattvazAstra ke mukhya pratipAdya viSaya kA prasthAnabindu hai| kathAkAra dvArA pratipAdita Adima samAja ke ullekha se yaha dhAraNA rUpAyita hotI hai ki sAdhAraNa janamAnasa yA loka cetanAparavattI bauddhika samAja kI tulanA meM adhika urvara thiiN| isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM tatkAlIna mAnava-samAja kI sarjanAtmaka pratibhA kA anAyAsa hI udrikta aura akRtrima rUpa upalabdha hotA hai| nissandeha, isa mahAgha kathAkRti meM paravartI sAmAjika cetanA ke vikAsa kI sabhI pravRttiyA~ bIjarUpa meM vidyamAna haiM tathA Adhunika samAja kI aneka viziSTatAe~ usameM pUrvAzita haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne apane yuga kI bhAvabhUmi aura mAnasikatA ke anurUpa sAmAjika bhAvanAoM yA lokacetanAoM ke malyavAna pakSoM ko ubhArakara sAmane le Ane kA prazaMsanIya sArasvata prayAsa kiyA hai, sAtha hI use apanI vilakSaNa vaicArikI aura apUrva kathA-kauzala dvArA gahana mArmika bhAvoM se maNDita kara sarvathA eka naye pariveza meM pratiSThita kara diyA hai| Agamottara prAkRta-kathA ke mahAn pravartaka saMghadAsagaNI ne lokajIvana yA mAnava-samAja ke citraNa ko rUr3hiyoM yA mithakoM yA romAMsa-raMjita tathyoM ke alAvA samAja-manovijJAna aura kAma-manovijJAna ke siddhAntoM se bhI saMvalita kiyA hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne samAjagata Arthika aura dhArmika cetanA ke pariprekSya meM kAmakathA kA adbhuta kAyAkalpa kiyA hai| svacchanda aura uddAma zRMgArikatA ko vairAgya ke utkarSaNa meM paryavasita karane kI kalA ke dvArA kathAkAra ne dharma aura samAja ko mAnava-abhyudaya ke kAraNa-ghaTaka ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA hai| isalie, sAmAjika pariprekSya meM likhI gaI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI samagra kathAoM kI dharma-bhAvanA kAmabhoga kI akRtrima athavA sahaja pratikriyA kA rasamaya pratIka bana gaI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne aitihAsika pariveza meM samujjRmbhita lokacetanA ke sandarbho kA sAmAjika tathA sAMskRtika sArthakatA ke sAtha gahana parIkSaNa kiyA hai, sAtha hI sAmAjika jIvana ke ucita mUlyAMkana ke lie vyakti ke sAtha yuga kI pRSThabhUmi para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sAmAjikoM kI asmitAyukta vyakticetanA kA AsphAlana bhI yatra-tatra dRSTigata

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 293 hotA hai / kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, lokajIvana ke sandarbha meM usa kAla kI jana-saMskRti aura sAmAjika avadhAraNAoM kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha huA hai| isa sandarbha meM kathAkAra ne kahIM-kahIM usake guNApacaya kI parAkASThA bhI dikhalAI hai| sAmAjika manuSya ke guNAtmaka unnayana meM naisargika mAMgalya-zakti kI pratiSThA kathAkAra kA carama lakSya hai, isalie uddAma zRMgAra yA kAmoSNa bhASA meM vyakta zRMgAra bhI kathA ke kalyANamUlaka phalaka para citrita ho jAne ke bAda sAmAjika vaibhava ke rUpa meM unmIlita ho jAtA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM citrita puruSArthacatuSTaya kI sAdhanA aura snaihika anubandha yA praNaya ke gADhAbhiniveza kA atizaya unnata tathA lokasatya ko maNDita karanevAlA rUpa 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pade-pade parilakSita hotA hai| __kalpanA ke kubera saMghadAsagaNI ne lokacitroM ko prastuta karane ke krama meM sAmAjika manuSya ke vicArAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka pariveza ko badalakara eka naI manuSyatA kI pratimA gar3hI hai / mahAn kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI sabase bar3I zailpika vizeSatA isa artha meM hai ki vaha apanI kathA-racanA ke pUrvArddha yA uttarArddha meM pUrvavyakta tathyoM kI AvRtti nahIM karate, apitu apanI 'bhAsA" yA viziSTa pratibhA ke dvArA tathyAbhivyakti yA vAgvaikalpya kI anantatA kI sRSTi karate haiN| isalie, unake dvArA parikalpita pratyeka lokacitra anukramaza: ramaNIya aura navIna pratIta hotA hai| DaoN. kumAra vimala ke zabdoM meM, "aise kalAkAra AstikoM ke lie Izvara kI taraha hote haiN| Izvara kI racanA-prakriyA sarvatantrasvatantra hotI hai| isalie, Izvara kI sRSTi meM punarAvRtti nahIM hotii| 'bebIbUma' (danadanAtI zizuvRddhi) ke isa yuga meM itane bacce paidA ho rahe haiM, lekina kinhIM do ke cehare eka se nahIM lgte|" isI prakAra, kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI kI kalAtmaka kathAsRSTi meM parAtpara navInatA kA mAdhurya nirantara banA rahatA hai aura usakI ramaNIyatA kabhI ghaTatI nahIM hai| ataeva, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke sAmAjika citraNa sahRdayoM ke lie nirantara zlAghya bane rahate haiM, jinase satyAbhivyakti kI dIpti nirantara samudbhAsita hotI rahatI hai| kathA kI ramaNIyatA kA yaha nairantarya usameM nyasta citraNagata aucitya para nirbhara karatA hai| isIlie, kSemendra ne aucitya ko rasasiddha kAvya kA sthira jIvitasarvasva kahA hai| - saMghadAsagaNI sAmAjika paramparita jIvana-mUlyoM ke nijI bodha ko uttarottara samRddha karanevAle kathAkAroM meM pAMkteya sthAna ke adhikArI haiM kyoMki, unhoMne apanI utkRSTa racanAzailI ko kalAtmaka AtmaniSThatA yA vastuniSThatA para nirbhara na karake use apanI antaHprajJA dvArA vikasita vastu-grahaNa kI zakti se saMvalita kiyA hai| isalie, unakI kathAracanA meM kevala rUmAniyata yA bhAvukatA hI nahIM hai, apitu sAmAjika pariveza ke upasthApana-dAyitva ke prati kalAkArocita ImAnadArI bhI banI huI hai| isa prakAra, unhoMne kalpanAgata satya aura vastugata satya kA samanvaya karake kalAnubhUti aura jIvanAnubhUti kA eka sAtha udAtta aura pariSkRta citra upasthita kiyA hai| vastuta:, yathArtha aura kalpanA kA puMkhAnupuMkha sAmaMjasya mahAn kathAkRti kI apanI vizeSatA hotI hai| isIlie, 1. bhAsA ca nAma pratibhA mahatI srvgrbhinnii|" -mhaarthmNjrii| 2. kalA-vivecana, prAkkathana, pR.6 / 3. aucityaM rasasiddhasya sthiraM kAvyasya jIvitAm / " -aucityavicAracarcA, kArikA 5 /

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294 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA DaoN. kumAra vimala ke zabdoM meM, mahAn kalAkRti meM aMkita yathArtha 'meTA-phijikala' (AdhitAttvika) hotA hai aura yahI usakI zAzvatI pratiSThA kA rahasya hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prakalpita samAja-racanA kA citra prAgaitihAsika hai, jisameM unakI apanI nandatika aura samAjazAstrIya vyAkhyA kA viniveza huA hai| prAgaitihAsika mUlyoM se anubaddha rahane ke kAraNa hI saMghadAsagaNI ke sAmAjika citroM meM prAcIna Agamika paramparA ke Adya bimbo kA vizeSa yoga parilakSita hotA hai aura isIlie unameM mAnava-cetanA kA udghATana vaiyaktika stara para na hokara sAmUhika stara para huA hai / sAmUhika avacetana se sambaddha sAmAjika citroM ke aMkana ke kAraNa hI unameM deza, kAla aura saMskRtigata jAtIya virAsata surakSita hai / ataeva, vasudevahiNDI' jaisI purAkathA meM mithakoM aura gaganacArI vidyAdhara-vidyAdhariyoM se sambaddha kathAoM kA jo tAnA-bAnA milatA hai, vaha sAmUhika avacetana se azliSTa AdyabimboM kA hI pratIka-viniyoga hai, jo tathyAtmaka kama aura kalAtmaka adhika haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' (nIlAzayAlambha : pR. 162): meM Adima samAja kI sRSTi kA bar3A manoraMjaka ullekha huA hai| isameM kathAkAra ne zramaNoM kI Agamika paramparA se prApta samAja-sRSTi ke srota ko Adara diyA hai, kintu apanI kalpanA ko svatantra rakhakara varNanAtmaka kalAnaipuNya kA pradarzana kiyA hai| mithuna-kAla ke chaha lAkha pUrva (84 lAkha x 84 lAkha varSa) bItane para bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apanI patnI sumaMgalA (mithuna dharma kI sahajAta kanyA) ke atirikta, dUsarI patnI sunandA (indra dvArA pradatta yA devopanIta) se vivAha karake mithuna-paramparA kA khaNDana kiyaa| unhoMne sumaMgalA se pahalA mithuna utpanna kiyA-bharata aura braahmii| isI prakAra, sunandA se dUsarA mithuna utpanna kiyA bAhubalI aura sundarI / sumaMgalA ne puna: unacAsa putra-yugaloM ko janma diyaa| isa prakAra, sukhabhoga karate hue RSabhadeva ke bIsa lIkha pUrva bIta gye| ___ kAladoSa se kulakaroM dvArA pravartita daNDanIti (hAkAra, mAkAra aura dhikkAra) kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa hone lgaa| taba, prajAoM ko utpIr3ana se bacAne ke lie, prajAoM kI hI sammati se nAbhikumAra (RSabhadeva ke pitA) ne RSabhadeva ko rAjyAbhiSikta karane kI salAha dii| svayaM indra ne RSabhadeva kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA aura yakSarAja kubera ko rAjadhAnI banAne tathA rAjopayogI samasta upakaraNa prastuta karane kA Adeza diyaa| cU~ki, RSabhadeva kI prajAe~ bar3I vinIta thIM, isalie kubera-nirmita rAjadhAnI kA nAma vinItA (ayodhyA kA nAmAntara) rakhA gyaa| yaha rAjadhAnI bAraha yojana lambI aura nau yojana caur3I thii| ___rAjA RSabhadeva ne rAjyazAsana kI dRSTi se pahale cAra gaNa banAye : ugra, bhoga, rAjanya aura naag| AtmarakSaka (ArakSaka) loga ugragaNa kahalAye; sAmAnya bhogopabhoga karanevAle bhogagaNa meM rakhe gaye; RSabhadeva ke samavayaska mitra rAjanyavarga meM parigaNita hue aura kAryanivedaka bhRtyasthAnIya logoM ko nAgagaNa meM sammilita kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra, gaNasahita rAjA RSabhadeva kozala-janapada kI prajA kA pAlana karane lge| unhoMne apane sau putroM ko sau janapada aura sau nagara de diye aura apanI donoM putriyoM ko bhI putroM ko sauMpa diyaa| 1.kalA-vivecana,prAkkathana, pR.8

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 295 eka dima, prajAjana anna na pacane kI zikAyata lekara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samakSa upasthita hue| unhoMne prajAoM ko batAyA ki ve hAthoM se masalakara anna ko bhUsA-rahita banAkara AhAra ke kAma meM laaye| phira kucha dinoM bAda, prajAoM ke pUrvavat zikAyata karane para RSabhadeva ne unheM bhUsArahita ana ko patte ke donoM meM bhigokara aura ubAlakara khAne kA nirdeza diyaa| kramaza: prajAoM ne per3oM kI DAliyoM ke Apasa meM ragar3a khAne se utpanna Aga dvArA pAkakarma aura prakAza kI vyavasthA kii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke nirdezAnusAra, prajAoM ne puSkariNI se gIlI miTTI kA piNDa lAkara bhaura use hAthI ke kumbhasthala (mastiSkabhAga) para ThoMkakara mRNmaya pAtra bnaaye| isa prakAra ke pAtroM ko Aga meM pakAkara aura usameM pAnI garama karake, pAkasaMskAravidhi se anna pakAne kI samasyA hala kI gii| prajAjanoM kI buddhi dhIre-dhIre khulatI gii| phira, unake bIca kumbhakAra utpanna hue| lauhakAra aura svarNakAra bhI taiyAra hue, jo lohe, cA~dI aura sone ke upakaraNa banAne lge| vastravRkSa (vastra prApta hone ke sAdhana kalpavRkSa) ke kama ho jAne para bhagavAn ne julAhoM ko upadeza kiyaa| phalata, unhoMne vastra banAne kI vidhi kA AviSkAra kiyaa| gRhAkAra kalpavRkSa kI kamI par3ane se ghara banAne ke kAma ke lie bar3haI taiyAra hue| keza aura nAkhUna bar3hane se nAI taiyAra hone lge| sAmAjika upayoga kI dRSTi se ye hI pA~ca mUla (kumhAra, lohAra, sonAra, bunakara, bar3haI, aura nAI) zilpa nirdhArita hue, jinameM pratyeka ke bIsa bheda kiye gye| tRNahAraka (ghAsa ityAdi kATakara becanevAle) Adi ke kAma bhI inhIM ke dvArA sampanna hone lge| isI prakAra, AbhUSaNoM kA bhI AviSkAra huaa| rAjA RSabhadeva ko devoM ne AbhUSaNa pahanAye the, usI kI dekhAdekhI logoM ne bhI gahane banAnA zurU kiyaa| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apanI goda meM baiThI donoM putriyoM-brAhmI aura sundarI ko dAyeM hAtha se lipi aura bAyeM hAtha se gaNita kI zikSA dii| apane prathama putra bharata ke lie unhoMne rUpaka (nATyazAstra) kA upadeza kiyA aura dvitIya putra bAhubalI ko citrakarma (citrakalA) evaM strI-puruSa Adi ke lakSaNoM ke nirdezaka zAstra kI zikSA dii| unhoMne anukrama se apane kumAroM ko maNi, ratna, mauktika Adi ke AbhUSaNoM ke nirmANa kI kalA batAI / vANijya, roga-cikitsA tathA rugNa citta ke pratikAra kI vidyA kA bhI jJAna kraayaa| isa prakAra, vibhinna kalAoM kI dRSTi se vikasita grAmasamUha aura nagaroM se maNDita bhAratavarSa meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne tirasaTha lAkha pUrva taka rAjya kiyaa| RSabhadevakAlIna isI Adima samAja kA vikAsa-vistAra unake prathama putra bharata ke rAjya meM huA aura unake nAma para hI isa deza ko bhArata yA bhAratavarSa kahA jAne lgaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM isI bhArata ke lokajIvana yA sAmAjika jIvana ke vividha citroM kA aMkana kiyA hai, jinameM katipaya citra apanI vicitratA, rocakatA, raMjakatA aura ruciratA ke sAtha hI sAmAjika manovizleSaNa kI dRSTi se bhI atizaya mahattvapUrNa haiN| (ka) sAmAnya sAmAjika jIvana saMghadAsagaNI dvArA citrita samAja ke pArivArika jIvana meM samadhineM Apasa meM ulAhanA detI aura jhagar3atI thIM aura nanada-bhaujAiyoM meM manamuTAva calatA thaa| dhammilla apanI lakSmIsvarUpA

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296 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA patnI yazomatI se parAGmukha hokara nirantara zAstrAnuzIlana meM saMlagna rahatA thaa| eka dina usakI sAsa, yAnI yazomatI kI mA~ apanI beTI se milane AI, to usakI beTI ne lajjAnamramukhI hokara usase batAyA ki vaha lokadharmavihita upabhoga-sukha chor3a aura sabhI taraha ke sukhoM se sampanna hai| yaha sunakara dhammilla kI sAsa atyanta kruddha ho uThI aura usane usakI mA~ subhadrA (apanI samadhina) ko bahuta ulaTA-sIdhA sunaayaa| dhammilla kI mA~ tharathara kA~patI aura A~sU bahAtI khar3I rahI (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 28) / isI prakAra kI sthiti meM cArusvAmI (cArudatta) kI mA~ aura sAsa ke bIca bhI jhar3apa huI hai| bahattara kalAoM meM paNDita hokara bhI cArudatta apanI patnI mitravatI ke zarIra para lage aMgarAga ko parimardita nahIM karatA thaa| isalie, mitravatI ne apanI mA~ se zikAyata kara dI : "tumane muche pizAca ke hAthoM sauMpakara kaSTa meM DAla diyA hai|" yaha sunakara mitravatI kI mA~ ne cArusvAmI kI mA~ se rote hue kahA : "tumane jAna-bUjhakara mujhase vaira sadhAyA hai, isalie apane beTe kA doSa pahale nahIM batAyA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 141) / " cArudatta kI AtmakathA meM hI eka aise prasaMga kA ullekha hai, jisase tatkAlIna nanada-bhaujAiyoM meM manamuTAva rahane kA saMketa milatA hai| cArudatta kI mA~ apane bhAI sarvArtha ke ghara gaI, to usake bhAI ke dvArA bhojana ke samaya rukane ke lie anurodha kiye jAne para bhI vaha 'mujhe bahuta kAma hai' kahatI huI apane ghara cala pdd'ii| taba usake bhAI ne kahA : "kyoM isa taraha ni:sneha ho gaI ho? yadi bhaujAI se tumhArI paTarI nahIM baiThatI hai, to merI prasannatA ke lie bhI ruka jAo (tatraiva : pR. 140) / " rukmiNI aura satyabhAmA ke pArasparika nirmama sapatnItva kI krUra kathA (pIThikA) se spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM sapaliyoM ke bIca bhayaMkara zItayuddha vibhinna rUpoM meM calatA rahatA thaa| satyabhAmA to rukmiNI ke prati nirantara 'sakaluSA' banI rahatI thii| jAmbavatI kA putra zAmba to satyabhAmA ke putra bhAnu ko barAbara taMga karatA, cher3atA rahatA thaa| isapara eka bAra satyabhAmA atyanta ruSTa hokara kRSNa se bolI : "maiM to apane beToM kA khilaunA bana gaI hU~, isalie merA jIvita rahanA vyartha hai|" yaha kahakara vaha apanI jIbha khIMcakara AtmahatyA ke lie taiyAra ho gaI ('ahaM puttabhaMDANa khellAvaNiyA saMvuttA, kiM me jIvieNaM ti jIhaM pkddddiyaa)| kRSNa ne bar3I kaThinAI se use rokA aura zAmba ko daNDita karane kI bAta se Azvasta kiyA (pIThikA, pR. 107) / saMghadAsagaNI ke isa varNana se yaha jAna par3atA hai ki usa yuga meM striyA~ pArivArika utpIDana yA AtmapIDana se Ubane para jIbha khIMcakara AtmahatyA kara letI thiiN| somazrIlambha (pR. 191) meM kathA hai ki hiMsAvAdI parvataka ke, jIbha kAr3ha liye jAne kI zartabandI kI sthiti meM, apane putra ke prANanAza se AtaMkita hokara usakI mA~ ahiMsAvAdI vasu ke samIpa hI prANa tyAgane ke nimitta apanI jIbha khIMcane lgii| parvataka kI mA~ (upAdhyAyAnI) ko mRtyu se bacAne ke lie vasu ne vivaza hokara 'aja' kA artha 'bakarA' mAna liyaa| isa kathAprasaMga se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga kI striyA~ apane kadAgraha ko kisI se jabaradastI manavAne ke lie apanI jIbha kAr3hakara marane ko utArU ho jAtI thiiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki nirupAyatA kI sthiti meM puruSa bhI AtmahatyA ke lie udyata ho jAte the / isa sandarbha meM dhammilla, nandisenA (pUrvabhava ke vasudeva) Adi ke

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'vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 297 dvArA kiye gaye AtmahatyA ke prayAsoM ko anta:sAkSya ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu, muni kI anukampA yA AkAzavANI ke dvArA AtmaghAtiyoM ko isa prakAra ke duSkRtya se roka dene kA ullekha saMghadAsagaNI ne kiyA hai (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 34; zyAmA-vijayAlambha, pR. 115) / saMghadAsagaNI ne mA~-beTe meM yA pitA-putra meM mAtsarya-bhAvanA yA zatrutA kI bhAvanA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| rukmiNI kA putra pradyumna apanI sautelI mAtA satyabhAmA ke prati mAtsarya-bhAva se abhibhUta rahatA thaa| isake aneka rocaka udAharaNa 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'pIThikA'-prakaraNa meM upanyasta haiM (pR. 95) / pippalAda ko apane pitA yAjJavalkya se itanI zatrutA ho gaI thI ki usane apane pitA kI jaghanya hatyA kara dii| isakI mArmika kathA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR.152) yaha hai ki eka dina pippalAda ne apane pitA se kahA ki maiM Apako pitRmedhayajJa meM dIkSita kruuNgaa| usake bAda vaha apane pitA ko nirjana gaMgAtaTa para le gayA aura vahA~ usane usake hAtha-pA~va bA~dhakara kahA : "pitAjI, apanI jIbha dikhaaie|" pitA ne jyoMhI apanI jIbha nikalI, pippalAda ne phuratI ke sAtha kaiMcI se use kATa diyaa| phalata:, yAjJavalkya gUMgA ho gayA / usake bAda pippalAda ne apane gUMge pitA ke eka-eka kara kAna, nAka, hoMTha, hAtha, paira Adi zarIra ke sAre aMgoM ko kATakara aura unheM kSAra se sikta karake Aga meM homa kara diyaa| yAjJavalkya kA zeSa zarIra jaba nizceSTa ho gayA, taba use usane gaMgA meM DAla diyaa| jisa bhUmi para usane pitA ke aMgoM ko kATA, use gandhodaka se dho diyA aura yaha samAcAra phailA diyA ki mere pitAjI vimAna se svarga cale gye| isI prakAra, pippalAda ne apanI mA~ sulasA ko bhI mAra ddaalaa| mAtA-pitA kA doSa yahI thA ki ve donoM navajAta pippalAda ko bhAgya ke bharose chor3akara anyatra cale gaye the| navajAta pippalAda ko sulasA kI ziSyA nandA ne pAlA-posA thaa| isake lie pippalAda ko avaidha santAna hone kA upAlambha jhelanA par3A thaa| bAta yaha thI ki tridaNDI parivrAjaka yAjJavalkya se zAstrArtha meM parAjita ho jAne ke kAraNa vyAkaraNa aura sAMkhyazAstra kI paNDitA parivrAjikA sulasA ko zarta kI vivazatAvaza yAjJavalkya kI sevA svIkAra karanI par3I thii| isI krama meM vaha garbhavatI ho gaI thii| isa kathA-sandarbha se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki tatkAlIna samAja ke parivrAjaka-varga meM kAmAcAra bhI hotA thaa| athavA, parivrAjaka bhI anallaMghanIya kAmAjJA ke vazavartI ho jAte the| sAtha hI, yaha kathA putra kI nirmamatA yA usake niSThara duSkRtya kA anyatradurlabha udAharaNa bhI prastuta karatI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne aise * putroM kA bhI caritra upasthita kiyA hai, jo maukA pAkara pitA ko cakamA de detA thA aura anyAyI pitA ko bandI bhI banA letA thaa| cakamA denevAle putroM meM kRSNa ke putra pradyumna kA nAma sarvopari hai| pradyumna ne apanI prajJapti-vidyA ke bala se jAmbavatI kI AkRti ko satyabhAmA ke rUpa meM badalakara kRSNa ke pAsa bhejA thA aura kRSNa ne sacamuca use satyabhAmA mAnakara hI, harinaigameSI ke kathanAnusAra, pradyumnasadRza putraprApti ke lie, usake sAtha pahale samAgama kiyA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, pradyumna ne vidyAbala se vikurvita eka bher3a ko lalakAra kara usake dvArA apane pitAmaha vasudeva ko bhI Asana se nIce giravA diyA thA aura svayaM ha~satA huA ghara ke bhItara calA gayA thA (pIThikA : pR. 94) / viSNukumAra ke AdezAnusAra,

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298. vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA rAjya-prazAsana ke ayogya pitA mahApadya ko usake putra ne bandI banA liyA thA aura svayaM vaha nyAyapUrvaka prajA kA pAlana karane lagA thA (gandharvadattAlambha: pra. 131) / isI prasaMga meM kaMsa dvArA pitA ugrasena ko bandI banAye jAne kI kathA bhI sandarbhita karane yogya hai (devakIlambha : pR. 368) / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM mA~-beTe aura mA~-beTiyoM ke pArasparika vyavahAra ke aura bhI aneka rocaka prasaMga upanyasta hue haiN| saMghadAsagaNI kahIM-kahIM kathA ke prArambha meM jaba bhI rAjA-rAniyoM, seTha-seThAniyoM yA vidyAdhara-vidyAdhariyoM aura unake putra-putriyoM kI carcA karate haiM, taba pitAoM ke nAma pahale lete haiM, phira mAtAoM ke nAma / isake bAda unake putra-putriyoM kI carcA ke krama meM mAtAoM se hI santatiyoM ke utpanna hone kI carcA karate haiM aura pitAoM ke nAma gauNa kara dete haiN| aura isI prakAra, ve putra yA putrI kA paricaya usakI mA~ ke sambandha se karAte haiN| jaise, pavanavega ne apane paricaya meM kahA hai ki "isI jambUdvIpa ke pUrvavideha kSetra meM sukacchavijaya-sthita vaitADhya parvata ke zulkapura nAmaka nagara meM zulkadatta nAma kA rAjA rahatA hai| usakI patnI yazodharA hai aura usI kA putra maiM pavanavega hU~ (ketumatIlambha : pR. 330) / " puna: gaMgarakSita apanA paricaya dete hue kahatA hai: "rAjA eNikapatra ke pradhAna dvArapAla kA nAma gaMgapAlita thaa| usakI bhadrA nAma kI patnI se maiM gaMgarakSita putra utpanna huA (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 289) / " isI prakAra, sanatkumAra ke paricaya meM kathAkAra ne kahA hai ki "usa samaya hastinApura meM rAjA azvasena kI rAnI sahadevI thI, jisakA putra sanatkumAra thA(madanavegAlambha : pR. 233) / " ina udAharaNoM se yaha saMketa prApta hotA hai ki usa yuga ke parivAra meM mAtRsattA kI pradhAnatA thI yA mAtRsattAtmaka parivAra kI bhI prathA thii| putra aura putrI apanI mA~ ke sambandha se paricaya dene meM hI gaurava kA anubhava karate the| brAhmaNa yA vaidika paramparA meM bhI zakuntalA kA paricaya maharSi vizvAmitra kI putrI kI apekSA menakA kI putrI ke rUpa meM hI upasthita kiyA gayA hai| hAlA~ki, paravartI kAla meM isa deza meM pitRsattAtmaka parivAra kI hI pradhAnatA huii| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM garIba mA~-beTe kI, jIvana-nirvAha ke krama meM honevAlI bAtacIta ke bar3e mArmika prasaMga (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 144) kA ullekha huA hai| cArudatta gaNikA-prasaMga ke kAraNa jaba nirdhana ho gayA aura usake pitA bhAnuseTha ne saMnyAsa le liyA, taba ghara meM ghusate hI usane (cArudatta ne) apanI mA~ ko daridra veza meM udAsa mu~ha liye hue dekhaa| vaha usake pairoM para gira pdd'aa| kintu mA~ use pahacAna nahIM skii| mA~ ne jaba pUchA, taba usane apanA nAma btaayaa| mA~ use pakar3akara rone lgii| tabhI usane dekhA ki usakI patnI mitravatI bhI usake pairoM para girakara ro rahI hai| mitravatI ke kapar3e malina par3a gaye the| citra ke dhula-puMcha jAne para khAlI bacI dIvAra kI taraha vaha zrIhIna ho gaI thii| cArudatta ne use Azvasta karate hue kahA : "ronA vyartha hai / apane karma se hI kleza pA rahI ho|" ___ usake bAda cArudatta kI mA~ ne bAjAra se cunnI-khuddI lAkara bhojana taiyAra kiyaa| bhojana karane ke bAda cArudatta ne mA~ se jaba zeSa dhana ke bAre meM pUchA, taba usane batAyA ki "gAr3akara rakhe gaye, vyAja para lagAye gaye tathA vizAla parijana-parivAra meM diye gaye dhana kA patA mujhe nahIM hai| seTha ke saMnyAsI ho jAne para dAsa-dAsiyoM ko diyA gayA dhana bhI naSTa ho gyaa| tumhAre paribhoga (kAmakalA kI zikSA) meM solaha karor3a svarNamudrAe~ samApta ho giiN| hama donoM sAsa-patohU jaise-taise jIvana jI rahI haiM !"

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 299 cArudatta ne mA~ se kahA : "mujhe loga apAtra samajhakara merI ora a~guliyA~ uThAyeMge, maiM yahA~ nahIM raha paauuNgaa| isalie, dUra jA rahA huuN| dhana kamAkara vApasa aauuNgaa| tumhAre caraNoM kI kRpA se avazya hI maiM upArjana kara luuNgaa|" mA~ ne kahA : "beTe ! tuma to vyApAra-kArya ke kaSTa se aparicita ho| videza meM kaise basoge? isalie tuma videza mata jaao| hama donoM (sAsa-patohU) tumhAre nirvAha kI vyavasthA karatI rheNgii|" mA~ ke dIna vacana se cArudatta kA svAbhimAna jAga uThA : "aisA mata kaho mA~, maiM mahApratApI bhAnuseTha kA beTA isa taraha jIvana-nirvAha karU~gA? aisI bAta tumhAre mana meM bhI nahIM AnI caahie| mujhe vidA kro|" isa prakAra, mA~ se vidA lekara cArudatta videza calA gyaa| isa kathA-prasaMga se yaha jAnakArI milatI hai ki manuSya kA utthAna yA patana usake karma ke adhIna hai| durvyasana kA tyAga kara puruSArtha ke lie prayatnazIla koI bhI sAmAjika sadasya apane saMkaTagrasta parivAra kA punaruddhAra kara sakatA hai| yugacetA kathAkAra ne garIba mA~-beTe kI, jIvana-nirvAha-viSayaka prastuta kathA meM puruSArthasiddhi kI preraNA ke anukaraNIya Adarza kA viniyoga kiyA hai| sAtha hI, samagra bhAratIya samAja ke yuvakoM ke lie yaha dhyAtavya sandeza diyA hai ki dRr3ha saMkalpa, avicala icchAzakti aura prabala puruSArtha hI khoI pratiSThA ko vApasa dilAtA hai| puruSArthavAdI kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne yuvakoM kI naitika durbalatA aura mithyAcAra ke bhI prasaMga upasthita kiye haiN| eka ullekhya prasaMga (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 174) yaha hai ki nandigrAma kI rahanevAlI nirnAmikA (pUrvabhava kI svayamprabhA) kI dhAI ne usake pati lalitAMgadeva (vartamAna bhava kA vajrajaMgha) kA patA lagAne ke bAda pati-patnI ko milAne ke lie lalitAMgadeva aura svayamprabhA ke citra tathA unake pUrvabhava-carita ko kapar3e para aMkita kiyA aura nandigrAma ke rAjamArga para usa citra ko phailAkara baiTha gii| jo bhI citrakalA-marmajJa usa citra ko dekhate, hRdaya se zlAghA karate; kintu rAjA durmarSaNa kA putra kumAra durdAnta ne, jo caritra se durbala aura mithyAcArI thA,,usa citra meM aMkita svayamprabhA ko dekhate hI vAsanAvaza mUrcchita hone kA svAMga kiyaa| phira, kSaNabhara meM hI Azvasta ho utthaa| logoM ke pUchane para usane batAyA, "citra dekhate hI mujhe jAtismaraNa ho AyA ki maiM pUrvabhava meM lalitAMgadeva thA aura svayamprabhA merI rAnI thii|" kintu, paNDitA dhAI jaba jA~ca ke lie usase byaurevAra pUchatAcha karane lagI, taba usakI sArI bAteM mithyA pramANita huiiN| kyoMki, usa durdAnta ne citra meM aMkita yugandharAcArya sAdhu ko vizvarati ke nAma se smaraNa kiyA aura IzAnakalpa ko saudharmakalpa kaha diyaa| phalataH, dhAI ne use 'udbhrAnta' ghoSita kara diyA aura usakA vyaMgyapUrNa upahAsa bhI kiyA, jisameM usake mitroM ne bhI sAtha diyaa| dhRSTa durdAnta vahA~ se bhAga niklaa| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApta varNanoM se mA~-beTI ke AcaraNa para bhI acchA prakAza par3atA hai| pA~caveM somazrIlambha (pR. 186) meM mA~-beTI ke adbhuta rahasyAlApa kA prasaMga AyA hai| cAraNayugala nagara ke rAjA ayodhana kI rAnI diti kI putrI kA nAma sulasA thaa| vaha parama rUpavatI thii| jaba usakA svayaMvara nizcita huA, taba rAjA sagara ne apanI pratihArI mandodarI ko svayaMvara kI tithi kI sUcanA lene ke nimitta ayodhana ke nikaTa bhejaa| vaha ditidevI ke ghara gii| usa samaya ditidevI

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300 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA apanI putrI sulasA ke sAtha pramadavana ke latAgRha meM rahasyAlApa kara rahI thii| mandodarI apratihata bhAva se udyAna meM calI gaI aura nikaTa meM hI chipakara mA~-beTI kA rahasyAlApa sunane lgii| ___ mA~ ro rahI thI aura beTI samajhA rahI thI : "mA~, mata roo| pitA-mAtA dvArA dI gaI kanyA to unase avazya hI bichur3a jAtI hai|" mA~ bolI : "tumhAre bichur3ane ke duHkha se maiM nahIM rotii| tumhAre pitA ne tumhAre lie svayaMvara kA Ayojana kiyA hai, lekina tuma mere kuladharma kA ullaMghana na kara baiTho, isI kA mujhe hArdika duHkha hai|" beTI bolI : "mA~, kyoM isa taraha bolatI ho, amaMgala manAtI ho? mere dvArA kuladharma ke ullaMghana kiye jAne kI AzaMkA tumheM kaise huI ?" isapara diti ne RSabhadeva kI kathA sunAte hue anta meM usase batAyA ki "tuma bharata aura bAhubalI ke vaMza se sambaddha ho / bAhubalI ke vaMza meM tRNapaMgu nAma ke rAjA hue| maiM (mA~ diti) unhIM kI bahana hU~ aura tumhAre pitA ayodhana kI bahana satyayazA rAjA tRNapaMgu kI mahAdevI hai| usake putra kA nAma madhupiMgala hai, jo rAjA ke pada para pratiSThita hai / aura, ina donoM kuloM kI kanyAoM kA vivAha paraspara inhIM kuloM meM hone kI prathA nirdhArita kI gaI hai| tuma prathama cakravartI bharata ke vaMza meM utpanna huI ho| patA nahIM, rUpamohita hokara tuma kisakA varaNa kara baiThogI, isIlie mai roii|" isapara sulasA ne apanI mA~ ko Azvasta karate hue kahA : "mA~, maiM apane kuladharma ko naSTa nahIM hone duuNgii| maiM svayaMvara meM upasthita rAjAoM meM madhupiMgala kA hI varaNa kruuNgii|" ____mA~-beTI ke isa rahasyAlApa se tatkAlIna samAja kI kaI mahattvapUrNa bAteM ubharakara sAmane AtI haiN| usa yuga meM mamere bhAI-bahana meM vivAha-sambandha ko kulIna aura zreSTha samajhA jAtA thaa| mA~-bApa apanI lar3akI dvArA svayaMvara meM galata vara ke cune jAne kI AzaMkA se trasta rahate the| yadyaphi, usa yuga meM aisI lar3akiyA~ bhI hotI thIM, jo apane vivekapUrNa nizcaya se kuladharma kI surakSA yA paramparAgata pratiSThA ko akSuNNa rakhane kI pratizruti detI thiiN| isake atirikta, svayaMvara kI anivArya prathA ke bAvajUda, lar3akI ke mAtA-pitA, usake dvArA, pUrvanizcita vara ke cune jAne ke prati hI AgrahazIla rahate the| ___'vasudevahiNDI' se saMketa milatA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM satI-prathA kA bhI pracalana thaa| kathA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 150) hai ki vidyAdhara amitagati kI preyasI sukumArikA ko apanI aMkazAyinI banAne ke lie pratinAyaka dhUmasiMha ne vetAlavidyA dvArA amitagati ke mRta zarIra ko dikhalAkara sukumArikA se kahA : "yaha tumhArA svAmI amitagati mara gyaa| isalie, aba tuma mujhe hI pati ke rUpa meM varaNa karo athavA jalatI huI Aga meM praveza kro|" sukumArikA ne dRDhatApUrvaka kahA : "nizcaya hI, maiM apane pati amitagati kA anusaraNa kruuNgii|" dhUmasiMha ne lakar3I ekatra karake usameM Aga lagA dI aura amitagati ke mAyAnirmita zava ko citA meM pheMka diyaa| sukumArikA apane pati kezava ko AliMgita karake citA meM baiTha gaI / yadyapi, usI samaya saMyogavaza amitagati A pahu~cA aura usane jora se huMkAra kiyaa| dhUmasiMha aura usake sAthI bhAga khar3e hue| amitagati ne sukumArikA ko citA se bAhara khIMca liyaa| amitagati ko jIvita dekhakara sukumArikA vismaya meM par3a gii| - 'vasudevahiNDI' se isa bAta kI bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki daridra mAtA-pitA ko adhika lar3akiyA~ paidA hone para ve prAya: upekSitA ho jAtI thiiN| dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke pUrvavideha-kSetra meM

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 301 avasthita maMgalAvatI vijaya ke nandigrAma kI nirnAmikA apanI chaha bahanoM ke bAda paidA huI thii| mAtA-pitA ne usakA koI nAma bhI nahIM rakhA, isalie 'nirnAmikA' kahalAne lagI aura apane karma se ba~dhI vaha una chahoM vivaza AtmAoM ke sAtha jIvana bitAne lgii| yahA~ taka ki mAtA-pitA ne nirnAmikA ko ghara se bAhara nikAla diyaa| kathA hai ki kisI dina utsava ke avasara para dhanI vyaktiyoM ke kucha bacce aneka prakAra ke khAdya padArtha hAtha meM lekara apane ghara se nikle| unheM dekhakara nirnAmikA ne apanI mA~ se laDaDa mA~gA aura vaha una baccoM ke sAtha khelane kA haTha karane lgii| phalata:, ruSTa hokara mA~ ne use mArA aura yaha kahate hue ghara se nikAla diyA ki "tere lie bhojana yahA~ kahA~ ? ambaratilaka parvata para calI jaa| vahIM phala khAnA yA mara jaanaa|" rotI huI nirnAmikA ghara se nikala pdd'ii| nirnAmikA jaba ambaratilaka parvata para bhaTaka rahI thI, taba usakI mulAkAta yugandharAcArya muni se huii| unhoMne use duHkhakAtara dekhakara samajhAyA : "nirnAmike ! tuma to zubha-azubha saba prakAra ke zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza kA anubhava karatI ho; jAr3A, garamI, bhUkha, pyAsa sabakA pratikAra kara sakatI ho; sukha se sotI ho, vAtayukta yA nirvAta sthAna meM zaraNa le sakatI ho aura andhakAra meM prakAza kI sahAyatA se kAma kara sakatI ho| kintu, naraka yA kaSTapUrNa saMsAra ke nivAsiyoM ko ye saba suvidhAe~ nahIM haiN| narakapAla unheM duHkha meM DAlakara krIr3A karate haiN| ve vivazatAvaza aneka duHkha bhogate hue bahuta samaya bitA dete haiN| isI prakAra, pazu, pakSI Adi prANI bhI avarNanIya duHkha bhogate haiN| tumhArA duHkha aura sukha to sAdhAraNa hai| dUsaroM kI, pUrvajanma ke puNya dvArA arjita samRddhi ko dekhakara tuma apane ko duHkhI samajhatI ho / jo tumase bhI hIna jIvana bitAte haiM, kArAgAra meM kleza pA rahe haiM, dAsa aura bhRtya ke rUpa meM parAdhIna rahakara, aneka zArIrika yantraNAkAraka kAmoM meM niyukta hokara kaSTa bhoga rahe haiM, unakI ora bhI to dekho|" AcArya kI bAta sunakara nirnAmikA ne vinamra bhAva se kahA : "Apa jo kaha rahe haiM, vaha sarvathA satya hai (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 172) / " .. uparyukta kathA prasaMga ke pUrvArddha meM lokacetA kathAkAra ne akiMcana lokajIvana ke bhoge hue yathArtha kA saccA citra prastuta kiyA hai, jisameM Aja ke bhAratIya lokajIvana ke kanyAbahula parivAra kI dayanIya sthiti tathA dhanI-garIba ke bIca kI bhedaka rekhAoM kA spaSTa aMkana huA hai| puna: kathA-sandarbha ke uttarArddha meM AcArya yugandhara ke dvArA samAjacintaka kathAkAra ne samAjavAdI dRSTikoNa se, duHkhI aura sukhI AtmAoM kA jo vizleSaNa karAyA hai, vaha apanA dhyAtavya vaiziSTya rakhatA hai| sAmAjika avadhAraNA kI pahalI zarta yaha hai ki pratyeka prANI meM pArasparika samAnubhUti kA udAttIkaraNa anivArya honA caahie| koI vyakti apane ko sarvAdhika duHkhI isalie samajhatA hai ki usake samakSa apane se Upara ke suvidhAbhogI varga kA Adarza rahatA hai| isalie, apane ke sarvAdhika sukhI samajhane kA ekamAtra upAya yahI hai ki vaha apane se nIce ke varga ko dRSTi se rkhe| tabhI use yaha spaSTa hogA ki usake nIce kA varga usase bhI adhika kaSTamaya sthiti bhoga rahA hai| sAmAjika prANI meM jabataka isa prakAra kI parArthamUlaka dRSTi vikasita nahIM hogI, tabatava vaha apane svArtha kI pUrti kI dizA meM hI nirantara agrasara hotA rahegA aura isa prakAra bAha sukha-suvidhA kI prApti kI mRgamarIcikA meM bhaTakatA huA vaha saccI Antarika zAnti kI khora meM barAbara viphala rhegaa| ataeva, aisI duHkhadagdha sthiti se mukti ke lie pratyeka manuSya ke hRdara

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302 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA meM, dalitoM ko Upara uThAne kI bhAvanA kI jAgarti ke sAtha hI dayA, maitrI, sadbhAvanA, paraduHkhakAtaratA, samAnubhUti Adi utkRSTa guNoM kA vikAsa parama Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra, kahanA na hogA ki lokahitacintaka kathAkAra ne ukta kathAprasaMga ke mAdhyama se apane sudhI pAThakoM ko Adarzaparaka sAmAjika bhAvanA kA mUlyavAn aura anukaraNIya sanAtana sandeza diyA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne sAmAjika jIvana ke citraNa ke prasaMga meM strI kI cAritrika durbalatA aura yauna ucchaMkhalatA ke aneka cittodvejaka citra upanyasta kiye haiN| dhammillacarita meM to solaha aisI ratipragalbhA navayauvanA evaM pInastanI vidyAdhariyoM kA ullekha huA hai, jo saMgIta, nATya-vAdya, gIta-racanA, mAlya-gumphana, deva-zuzrUSA, zayyA-racanA, AkhyAyikA, pustaka vAcana, kathAvijJAna, nATyavRttavijJAna, zayanopacAra, vividha vyAkhyAna, patracchedya-racanA, udaka-parikarma Adi lalitakalAoM meM to kuzala haiM hI, kAmapIDitA aura sambhogAturA bhI haiN| ina solaha vidyAdhariyoM meM eka, mitrasenA dhammilla ko apane sAtha aura sabakA paricaya detI huI kahatI hai : "amhe viya savvAo navajovvaNAo, IsIsisamubhijjamANaromarAIo, samuNNamaMtathaNajuyalAo, kAmarairasAyaNa-- kaMkhiyAo acchAmo" (dammillahiNDI : pR. 68-69) / " dhammillahiNDI ke hI antargata agaDadattacarita kI zyAmadattA ne agaDadatta ke samakSa sIdhe apanA rati-prastAva isa prakAra rakhA hai : "haM sAmadattA nAma / diTTho ya mayA si bahuso jogaM karemANo, samaM ca me hiyae paviTTho, tappabhiI ca ahaM mayaNasarapahAradUmiyahiyayA raiM aviMdamANI asaraNA tumaM saMraNaM pavannA (pR. 37) / " dhammilahiNDI kI hI prasiddha dhanazrI kI kathA (pR. 50) meM isa bAta kI carcA hai ki ujjayinI ke pratApI vyApArI sAgaracandra kI patnI candrazrI bar3I kAmadurbala thii| sAgaracandra paramabhAgavata aura bhagavadgItA ke artha kA vettA thA, isalie usane apane putra samudradatta ke pAkhaNDadRSTi ho jAne kI AzaMkA se, use kisI pAThazAlA meM na bhejakara, ghara meM hI parivrAjaka se zikSA prApta karane kI vyavasthA kara dii| eka dina samudradatta paTTikA (sleTa) rakhane ke lie apane ghara meM gyaa| vahA~ usane apanI mA~ ko parivrAjaka ke sAtha 'asabhya AcaraNa' karate dekhaa| usI samaya se use sampUrNa strIjAti ke prati virAga ho AyA aura usane vivAha na karane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| - kathAkAra ne duHzIlA candrazrI ke ThIka viparIta usakI dRDhazIlA patohU dhanazrI kA Avarjaka caritrAMkana kiyA hai| vivAha na karane ko dRDhasaMkalpa samudradatta ko , usake pitA ne, vyApAra ke vyAja se saurASTra bheja diyaa| usake kucha mitra bhI sAtha gye| sAgaracandra ne pahale hI saurASTra-yAtrA ke krama meM vahA~ ke 'dhana' nAmaka vyApArI kI putrI dhanazrI ko kanyAzulka dekara apane putra ke lie varaNa kara liyA thaa| rAta meM bhojana ke bahAne samadradatta ke sAtha usake sAthI dhana sArthavAha ke ghara pahu~ce aura vahA~ usakA dhanazrI ke sAtha vivAha karA diyaa| kintu, suhAgarAta meM hI vaha (samudradatta) apanI patnI ko cakamA dekara nikala bhaagaa| kucha dinoM bAda, samudradatta ne apanA nAma vinItaka rakha liyA aura veza badalakara punaH dhanazrI ke ghara AyA aura usane apanI udyAnasajjA. gandhayakti Adi kalAoM kI vizeSajJatA ke bala para dhanazrI ke pitA ko anukUlita kara liyA aura vaha kramazaH dhanazrI kA bhI vizvAsapAtra bana gyaa| vaha barAbara dhanazrI ke sAtha hI rahane lgaa| eka dina dhanazrI apane chajje para baiThI pAna cabA

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 303 rahI thii| usI samaya eka ArakSI-adhikArI (DiNDI) usa mahala ke nikaTa se jA rahA thA / dhanazrI ne pAna thUkA, to usI para par3a gyaa| ArakSI-adhikArI ne Upara A~kha uThAI, to devI-sadRza dhanazrI ko dekhakara vaha kAmAhata ho utthaa| ArakSI-adhikArI ne dhanazrI ke samAgama kI prApti ke nimitta vinItaka se dautya-kArya karAyA, kintu dhanazrI vicalita nahIM huii| vinItaka kA mana rakhane ke lie dhanazrI ne ArakSI-adhikArI ko apane azokavana meM bulavAyA aura use yogamadya pilAkara behoza kara diyA, phira vinItaka ke samakSa hI dhanazrI ne ArakSI-adhikArI kI garadana usakI hI talavAra se kATa ddaalii| dhanazrI ke isa prakAra kI cAritrika dRDhatA dekhakara samudradatta kA nArIvidveSamUlaka hIna saMskAra sahasA tirohita ho gayA aura vaha usake sAtha gArhasthya-jIvana bitAne lgaa| ___ isa kathA ke pUrvArddha aura uttarArddha ke prasaMgoM se kathAkAra ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM kevala caritrahIna striyA~ hI nahIM hotI thIM, apitu apane caritrotkarSa se camatkRta karanevAlI nAriyoM kI bhI kamI nahIM thii| punaH isa kathA se ArakSI adhikAriyoM ke cAritrika durbalatAvaza vinAza ko prApta hone kA bhI saMketa milatA hai| striyoM ke caritrotkarSa ke citraNa ke krama meM kathAkAra ne rAjagRha-nivAsI RSabhadatta ibhya kI patnI dhAriNI ko 'zIlAlaMkAradhAriNI' (kathotpati : pR. 2) vizeSaNa se vibhUSita kiyA hai| striyoM ke caritra para avizvAsa ke aura bhI do-eka prasaMga draSTavya haiN| cArudatta kI AtmakathA (gandharvadattAlambha: pR. 136) meM sanniviSTa amitagati vidyAdhara ke prasaMga meM, pulina para ubhare padacihnoM ko dekhakara cArudatta ke mitra gomukha Adi apane-apane anumAna aura kalpanA ke AdhAra para vidyAdhara aura vidyAdharI kI adbhuta kathA gar3hate haiN| usI krama meM gomukha kahatA hai : "vidyAdhara kI preyasI (sukumArikA) manuSyayoni kI hai| vaha use kandhe para lekara ramaNIya sthAnoM meM saMcaraNa karatA hai|" harisiMha ne pUchA : "yadi vaha priyA hai, to vidyAdhara use bhI vidyA kyoM nahIM sikhA detA?" gomukha bolA : "vaha vidyAdhara matsarI aura zaMkAlu hai| socatA hai, vidyA sIkhakara vidyAdharI banI huI priyA kahIM svairiNI na ho jAya, isIlie vidyA nahIM sikhAtA hai|" isa vArtAlApa se yaha spaSTa saMketita hotA hai ki vidyAbala-sampanna vidyAdhariyoM kA caritra vizvasanIya nahIM hotA thA aura ve kAmAcAra meM svacchanda huA karatI thiiN| isI krama meM amitagati kI ukta palI sukumArikA kA eka anya prasaMga (tatraiva : pR. 139) bhI dhyAtavya hai| jaisA pahale kahA gayA, amitagati ko sukumArikA para vizvAsa nahIM thaa| vaha sukumArikA ko AkAzagamana kI vidyA isa bhaya se nahIM sikhA rahA thA ki kahIM vaha svacchandacAriNI na ho jaay| isakA eka pratyakSa kAraNa bhI thaa| amitagati kI upasthiti meM, usakA pahale kA mitra aura bAda kA pratinAyaka dhUmasiMha sukumArikA ko bahakAtA thA / yadyapi, sukumArikA amitagati 1. 'DiNDI' kA ullekha saMskRta yA prAkRta-sAhitya meM 'vasudevahiNDI' ke atirikta anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| DaoN. bhogIlAla ja. sANDesarA ne DaoN. motIcandra ko likhA thA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' (bhAvanagara-saMskaraNa) ke mUla pR.51 meM isa zabda kA sAta bAra prayoga huA hai aura unhoMne apane gujarAtI-anuvAda meM DiNDI kA artha nyAyAdhIza kiyA hai, para aba vaha svayaM isa artha ko ThIka nahIM maante| DaoN. motIcandra ne DiNDI kA artha 'manacalA zaukIna chailA kiyA hai aura gujarAtI ke 'AvArA' arthaparaka 'DAMDA' ko 'DimDI' se vikasita mAnA hai| -dra.'caturbhANI' kI bhUmikA, pR.61-62, budhasvAmI ne 'DiNDI' ke sthAna para 'DiNDika' kA prayoga kiyA hai aura usakA artha vetanabhogI zastradhArI ArakSI ke artha meM kiyA hai| -dra.bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha, 18.202,208

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304 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA se dhUmasiMha kI burI nIyata se kI jAnevAlI izArebAjI aura bAtacIta ke bAre meM kahatI thI, kintu vaha isa bAta para vizvAsa nahIM karatI thA, phira bhI vaha mana-hI-mana AzaMkita avazya rahatA thA / eka dina amitagati snAna Adi se nivRtta ho cukA thA aura usakI patnI sukumArikA tathA dhUmasiMha donoM milakara usakA keza sa~vAra rahe the| eka bAra amitagati ne svayaM apane hAtha meM darpaNa le liyA, tabhI darpaNa meM usane dekhA ki usake pIche khar3A dhUmasiMha aMjali bA~dhakara sukumArikA prArthanA kara rahA hai| taba, amitagati ne ruSTa hokara dhUmasiMha se kahA : "tumhArA mitrabhAva anAryoM ke sadRza hai| bhAgo yahA~ se, anyathA maiM tumheM mAra ddaaluuNgaa|" zaMkAlu dhUmasiMha amitagati kI bAta sedikakara calA gayA aura phira dikhAI nahIM pdd'aa| kintu, eka bAra amitagati jaba apanI patnI ke sAtha nadI ke pulina- pradeza para vihAra kara rahA thA, tabhI dhUmasiMha latAgRha se nikalA aura bhaya se rotI-cillAtI sukumArikA ko uThA le gayA / anta meM vidyA ke bala se sukumArikA amitagati ko vApasa mila gaI aura vidyAdhara- zreNI ke vRddhoM ne vidyAdharoM ke sAtha dhUmasiMha kI bolacAla banda karA dii| nItikAroM ne kahA hai ki 'bhAryA rUpavatI zatruH / ' sundarI striyA~ zatruvat hotI haiN| sukumArikA kI sundaratA ke kAraNa hI amitagati ko azeSa kleza bhoganA par3A aura use usake caritra para bhI anAvazyaka sandeha hotA rahA / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM dhUmasiMha jaise aura bhI katipaya kAmalolupa duSTa pAtra (jaise, mAnasavega, daNDavega, aMgAraka, nIlakaNTha, hephphaga Adi) haiM, jo vidyAdhara-samAja meM paranArIlampaTatA, dhRSTatA, haThAgrahapriyatA Adi apane atirecaka pratigAmI guNoM ke lie prasiddhiprApta haiN| usa yuga meM kabhI-kabhI sapatniyA~ bhI cAritrika avizvAsa utpanna karake kisI strI ke kaSTAkula jIvana ko aura adhika saMkaTa meM DAla detI thiiN| isa sambandha meM dhammillahiNDI ke antargata citrita ujjayinIvAsI vasumitra kI putrI vasudattA kA udAharaNa draSTavya hai (pR. 52) / apanI sAsa kI bAta na mAnakara AsannaprasavA vasudattA apane do choTe-choTe baccoM ke sAtha mA~-bApa se milane, apanI sasurAla kauzAmbI se pIhara ujjayinI ke lie cala pdd'ii| usakA pati usI samaya pravAsa lauTA aura apane mAtA-pitA se vasudattA ke cale jAne kA samAcAra pAkara vaha bhI usakI khoja meM nikala par3A / vasudattA, sArthavAhoM kA saMga chUTa jAne ke kAraNa, bhaTaka gaI thI, tabhI usakA pati usase milaa| kintu rAta ho jAne ke kAraNa pati-patnI apane baccoM ke sAtha vahIM jaMgala meM ruka gaye / usI rAta meM vasudattA ne eka bacce ko janma diyaa| usI samaya, manuSya-gandha pAkara eka bAgha AyA aura usake pati ko uThA le gayA / patizoka meM vasudattA mUrcchita ho gaI aura donoM bacce bhI bhaya se behoza ho gaye / navajAta zizu bhI, mA~ kA dUdha na milane ke kAraNa, mara gyaa| subaha hoza meM Ane para vasudattA apane donoM baccoM ko lekara cala pdd'ii| tabhI ghanaghora barasA ho gaI aura pahAr3I nadI meM vanyA A gii| nadI pAra karane ke krama meM vaha teja dhAra meM baha gaI aura usake donoM bacce bhI nadI meM DUba gye| nadI meM bahatI huI vasudattA nadI - taTavarttI, gire hue per3a kI zAkhA pakar3akara bAhara nikala aaii| tabhI, nadItaTa ke jaMgaloM meM rahanevAle noroM ne use pakar3a liyA aura siMhaguhA nAma kI corapallI meM le Aye / tora senApati kAladaNDa ne use rupavatI dekhakara, apane antaHpura meM le jAkara apanI pradhAnamahiSI banA liyA / * kAladaNDa kI anya striyoM ko jaba usakA zarIra - paribhoga nahIM milane lagA, taba ve vasudattA ko usase alaga karane kA SaDyantra socane lgiiN| kAlakrama se vasudattA ke eka putra huA, jo

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 305 dekhane meM apanI mA~ ke samAna hI rUpavAn thA / vasudattA kI una duSTA sapaniyoM ne kAladaNDa ko bhar3akAyA : "tuma apanI pradhAnamahiSI kA caritra nahIM jaante| yaha parapuruSa meM Asakta hai / yaha tumhArA putra parapuruSa se hI utpanna huA hai| yadi tumheM vizvAsa nahIM hotA, to apane se milAkara - dekho / " kAladaNDa ke mana meM kaDuvAhaTa bhara aaii| usane myAna se talavAra nikAla kara usameM apanA mu~ha dekhA / rUpavAn lar3ake ke mukha se usake vikRta mukha kA koI tAlamela hI nahIM thA / basa, usa pApI ne vinA soce-samajhe talavAra se apane navajAta putra ke do Tukar3e kara diye aura vasudattA ko pahale beMta aura cAbuka se piTavAyA, phira usakA mAthA mur3avAkara apane coroM ko Adeza diyA ki ise per3a se bA~dha do| coroM ne use zAlavRkSa ke sAtha rassI se bA~dha diyA aura usake cAroM ora kA~Te bikhera diye / vaha becArI pUrvakarmanivRttimUlaka duHkha kA anubhava karatI anAtha banI bisUratI rahI / isa kathAprasaMga se isa bAta kI jAnakArI milatI hai ki tatkAlIna sapaniyA~ kisI eka strI ke prati AkRSTa apane pati kA kAmabhoga na pAkara kSubdha ho uThatI thIM aura pratikriyAvaza usa atizaya priya strI ke sambandha meM, pati ke mana meM cAritrika avizvAsa utpanna karake use jaghanyatama sthiti meM pahu~cavA detI thiiN| isase isa bAta kI bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki kAmaparavaza striyA~ itanI adhika bhayaMkara ho jAtI haiM ki unakI nirmamatA rAkSasI ke krUratama AcaraNa ko bhI mAta kara detI hai / kahanA na hogA ki prAcIna bhAratIya kathA - vAGmaya meM sAmAjika sthiti ke citraNa ke krama meM, sapaniyoM ke khalacarita ke aneka romAMcaka AyAma upalabdha hote haiM, kintu saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prastuta sapatnI ke ukta kapaTAcaraNa kI kathA ke AsvAda meM sarvathA bhinna tIkSNatA kI anubhUti hotI hai| apane se bar3oM kI bAta na mAnane ke kAraNa vasudattA kI jo kadarthanA huI hai, usase bhAratIya samAja kI striyoM ko eka aisI zikSA bhI milatI hai, jisakA apanA zAzvatika mUlya hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne samAja kI kAmaparavaza striyoM kA citraNa to kiyA hI hai, strI ko kAmotsuka karanevAlI strI kA bhI bar3A uttejaka citra prastuta kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM 'vasudevahiNDI' ke caudahaveM madanavegAlambha kI kathA kA eka prasaMga (pR. 232) udAharttavya hai / nAgasena nAma kA koI vaNikputra mathurA ke sAgaradatta sArthavAha kI patnI mitrazrI kA ratisukha prApta karanA cAhatA thA / kintu, jaba use koI upAya nahIM sUjhA, taba usane apanI abhISTasiddhi ke lie aMjanasenA nAma kI parivAjikA strI se sahAyatA kI yAcanA kii| eka dina, jaba mitrazrI kA pati sAgaradatta pravAsa meM thA, aMjanasenA usake ghara pahu~cI / mitrazrI ne aMjanasenA ko svAgata-satkAra karake Asana para baitthaayaa| isake bAda aMjanasenA ne mitrazrI ko nAgasena ke prati paryutsuka karane ke nimitta bar3e hI pralobhaka aura prabhAvaka DhaMga se manovaijJAnikatA ke sAtha bAtacIta zurU kii| pahale to usane mitrazrI aneka tIrthoM aura vibhinna janapadoM kI kathAe~ sunaaiiN| phira usake durbala aura malina rahane kA kAraNa puuchaa| isapara mitrazrI ne batAyA ki pati ke pravAsa meM rahane ke kAraNa apane zarIra kA saMskAra usake lie ucita nahIM hai / taba, aMjanasenA bolI: "snAna Adi se zarIra kA saMskAra to karanA hI caahie| zarIra meM devoM kA vAsa rahatA hai| zarIra ke saMskAra se deva pUjita hote haiN|" isake bAda, nitya nahAnevAlI vaha parivrAjikA kAmottejaka gandhadravya aura sugandhita phUla lAtI aura mitrazrI se kahatI: "mujhe yaha mila gayA thA, to tumhAre lie letI AI / " lekina, mitrazrI ukta sAmagrI nahIM lenA cAhatI thI / taba aMjanasenA ne mitrazrI se buddhibheda utpanna karanevAlI bAta

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306 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kahI : "devatA ke naivedyasvarUpa indriyagrAhya dravyoM kA upabhoga avazya karanA caahie| atIta kI bAtoM ko nahIM socanA cAhie, balki apane bhaviSya para dhyAna denA caahie| manuSya kA yaha guNadharma hai ki vaha dRzya padArtha kI svayaM AkAMkSA karatA hai, jisa prakAra mAlI phUloM kI / " aMjanasenA jaba mitra zrI meM vizvAsa utpanna kara cukI, taba usane ekAnta meM usase kahA : " tumhAre mana ko jo puruSa bhAye, usake sAtha apane yauvana kA sammAna kro| vanyalatA kI upabhoga se varjita rahanA tumhAre lie ThIka nhiiN|" taba, apanI kulInatA kA khayAla kara mitra zrI bolI : "mAtA ! parapuruSa kI prArthanA striyoM ke lie pApa mAnA jAtA hai| tuma isa bAta kI prazaMsA kyoM kara rahI ho ?" aMjanasenA ne dArzanika vAcoyukti se kAma liyA : "isameM koI doSa nahIM hai; kyoMki AtmA kA astitva hI nahIM hai| kauna paNDita hai, jo ise nahIM jAnatA ? zarIra to (bhoga kA) nimittamAtra hai / zarIra naSTa hone para koI bhI parabhava meM nahIM jaataa| isalie, mUrkha mata bano / " aMjanasenA kA dArzanika tarka sunakara mitrazrI bolI : "hameM apanI yaza-pratiSThA kI bhI rakSA karanI cAhie / " aMjanasenA use Azvasta karatI huI bolI : " isa ora se tuma nizcinta rho| isI nagara meM nAgasena nAma kA rUpavAn kvA~rA yuvaka hai| vaha samartha bhI hai aura vibhinna kalAoM meM kuzala bhii| maiM use tumhAre ghara meM isa prakAra le AU~gI aura phira bAhara nikAla le jAU~gI ki koI nahIM jAna sakegA / " isa prakAra, usa aMjanasenA ne devatA ke naivaidya ke bahAne mitrazrI ko gandha aura rasa ke prati pUrNa Asakta banA diyA / vaha bAra-bAra nAgasena ko mitra zrI ke ghara le AtI thI aura bar3I hoziyArI se bAhara nikAla le jAtI thI / eka dina rAjapuruSoM ne vinA sUcanA diye mitra zrI ke ghara para chApA mArA aura nAgasena ko pakar3a liyaa| use rAjA ke samakSa upasthita kiyA gyaa| aMjanasenA kI kAlI karatUta prakAza meM A gii| rAjA ne nirNaya karake Adeza diyA : "mujhe vaNikpatnI kI rakSA karanI cAhie; kyoMki sArthavAha dUsare deza meM samudrayAtrA para hai| AcAra kA atikramaNa karanevAlA nAgasena mRtyudaNDa kA bhAgI hai aura parivrAjikA strI ke nAka-kAna kATakara use deza se nirvAsita kara diyA jAya / " rAjAjJA ke anusAra, nAgasena ko sUlI para car3hA diyA gyaa| aMjanasenA ke jaba nAka-kAna kATa liye gaye, taba vaha kanakhaladvAra meM gaMgAtaTa para kaThora anazana karake mara gaI / saMghadAsagaNI ne to aisI mAtA kA bhI jikra kiyA hai, jo apane poSyaputra ke prati kAmAsakta ho uThI thI (pIThikA: pR. 84 ) / kAlasaMvara vidyAdhara kI patnI vidyAdharI kanakamAlA, dhUmaketu dvArA apahRta aura bhUtaramaNa aTavI kI zilA para lAkara rakhe gaye navajAta zizu pradyumna ko apane ghara uThA lAI aura pAlane - posane lgii| jaba pradyumna solaha varSa kA yuvA ho gayA, taba yauvana se samudbhAsita usake advitIya rUpa ko dekhakara kanakamAlA usapara rIjha gaI aura kAmapIr3A se asvastha rahane lgii| parantu, pradyumna ne usake kAma prastAva ko ThukarA diyA aura apane hRdaya meM use gauravapUrNa mAtRtva-pada para hI pratiSThita kiye rhaa| kintu, kAmAhata kanakamAlA ruSTa ho gaI aura usane pradyumna ke viruddha apane pati kAlasaMvara kA kAna bhara diyaa| anta meM, nArada ke dvArA vastusthiti kA patA lagane para pradyumna kanakamAlA ke caMgula se nikala bhaagaa| ina kathAprasaMgoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki striyoM kA caritra kabhI vizvasanIya nahIM hotA / isIlie, nItikAroM ne bhI kahA hai : "striyazcaritraM puruSasya bhAgyaM daivo na jAnAti kuto manuSyaH / " arthAt,

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 307 striyoM ke caritra ko daiva bhI nahIM jAnatA, phira manuSya kI kyA bAta hai? sabase adhika dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki kathAkAra ne, yathokta mitrazrI kI kathA meM kuTTanI kA AcaraNa karanevAlI parivrAjikA ko upahAsAspada aura daNDanIya siddha kiyA hai| sAtha hI, parivrAjaka-dharma ke prati anAsthA bhI prakaTa kI gaI hai| isake atirikta, aura eka mahattvapUrNa bAta kI sUcanA milatI hai ki parivrAjikA aMjanasenA, bharata ke nATyazAstra ke anusAra, vaizika dUtI ke kAryakalApa meM atizaya kuzala thI aura puruSoM ke prati striyoM ko utsuka karane kI kalA meM bhI nipuNa thii| bharata ne kahA hai ki puruSa se dveSa karanevAlI strI ko iSTa kathAoM se aura bhayagrastA ko AzvAsana se anukUlita karanA caahie| tadanukUla, aMjanasenA ne parapuruSa ke saMga kI bAta se bhayagrastA mitrazrI ko tIrthoM aura janapadoM kI vividha kathAoM, zAstrIya tarkoM aura ucita AzvAsanoM se nAgasena ke prati anukUlita kiyA hai| isase yaha prakaTa hai ki kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ko vaizika zAstra kA gambhIra jJAna thA aura vaizika jIvana ke vibhinna vyAvahArika pakSoM se vaha pUrNa paricita the| bhAratIya samAja ke ukta dUSita pakSa ke prati satarka dRSTi rakhanevAle kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne isa prakAra kI samAjavirodhI ghaTanAoM ko anucita ThaharAyA hai; kyoMki isase sAmAjika AcAra kA atikramaNa hotA hai aura isIlie unhoMne parastrI-gamana kI nindA kI hai| unhoMne apanI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi ke nimitta paradAradoSa ke sambandha meM vAsava kA udAharaNa (dra. gautama-ahalyA-kathA, priyaMgusundarIlambhaH pR. 292) bhI prastuta kiyA hai, sAtha hI samAja ko dUSita karanevAle kAmAcAriyoM ke prati kaThora rAjadaNDa ke prAvadhAna kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| isa yuga meM samAja kI striyoM ko bahakAkara mArgabhraSTa karanevAlI pAkhaNDI striyoM ko bhI daNDita kiyA jAtA thaa| cU~ki, striyoM ke lie vadha ke daNDa kA niSedha thA, isalie unako, AtmaprAyazcitta ke lie, aMgabhaMga karake, deza se nirvAsita kara diyA jAtA thaa| samAja meM bhAiyoM ke bIca honevAle jhagar3e kI ora bhI saMghadAsagaNI ne dRSTipAta kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM jayapura ke rAjA subAhu ke beTe meghasena aura abhagnasena kI pArasparika saMgharSa-kathA (padmAlambha : pR. 206) acchA prakAza DAlatI hai| phira, ketumatIlambha (pR. 321) meM indusena aura bindusena nAma ke do bar3e-choTe bhAiyoM ke ApasI jhagar3e kA bhI sundara citraNa huA hai| ye donoM ratnapura nagara ke rAjA zrIsena kI rAnI abhinanditA ke putra the| ye donoM bhAI anantamatI gaNikA ko prApta karane kI ahamahamikA meM devaramaNa udyAna meM paraspara lar3a par3e the| ina donoM ke Apasa meM lar3akara mara jAne kI AzaMkA se snehamRdulacitta pitA rAjA zrIsena tAlapuTa-viSamizrita kamala kA phUla sUMghakara mara gyaa| isI prakAra, apane sautele bhAiyoM ke virodha ke kAraNa rAvaNa (rAmaNa) bhI apane vidyAdharaloka ariMjayapura ko tyAga kara laMkAdvIpa meM jAkara rahane lagA thaa| usa yuga meM prAya: dyUta, gaNikA aura rAjya ko lekara hI bhAiyoM meM jhagar3A huA karatA thaa| Adhunika kAla meM bhI, samAja meM prAya: jara, jorU aura jamIna ko lekara hI bhAiyoM yA gotiyA-dAyAdoM meM lar3AI-jhagar3e huA karate haiN| lokajIvana ke asat pakSa kA yaha lomaharSaka udAharaNa hai| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI lokajIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM kI vyApaka anubhUti ko yathArtha abhivyakti denevAlI advitIya kathAkAra the| 1. nATyazAstra, 25.34-35

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308 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI ne kuberadatta aura kuberadattA kA kathAnaka prastuta karate hue, eka hI bhava meM sAmAjika rizte kI vicitratA para baDA manoraMjaka sandarbha upasthita kiyA hai| kathA (kathotpatti : pR. 10) hai ki mathurA kI kuberasenA nAma kI gaNikA ne yamaja santAna paidA kI, jisameM eka putra thA aura dUsarI putrii| unake nAma rakhe gaye--kuberadatta aura kuberdttaa| dasa rAta ke bAda kuberasenA ne una donoM navajAta santAnoM ko nAmamudrAMkita karake, ratnapUrita choTI nAva meM rakhakara yamunA meM pravAhita kara diyaa| nAva bahatI huI zaurikanagara meM jA lgii| vahA~ ke ibhyaputroM ne nAva meM baccoM ko dekhA, to eka ne putra ko le liyA aura dUsare ne putrI ko / krama se jaba donoM santAne yuvA huIM, taba donoM kA Apasa meM (bhAI-bahana meM) vivAha ho gyaa| bAda meM nAmamudrA se rahasya kA patA claa| kuberadattA nirveda meM par3akara pravrajita ho gaI aura cAritravizuddhi ke kAraNa use avadhijJAna utpanna huaa| bhUlatA-bhaTakatA kuberadatta apanI mA~ kuberasenA ke ghara pahuMcA aura vastusthiti kI jAnakArI ke abhAva meM vaha usake sAtha gArhasthya-sukha kA anubhava karane lgaa| isI bIca kuberadatta se kuberasenA ke eka putra utpanna huaa| eka dina AryAoM ke sAtha vihAra karatI huI kuberadattA, kuberadatta ko samajhAne ke nimitta, jaba kuberasenA ke ghara pahu~cI, taba kuberasenA apane navajAta putra ko sAdhvI kuberadattA ke pAsa le aaii| pratibodhana kA avasara pAkara, kuberadatta ko sunAtI huI vaha, usa bAlaka se apane vicitra sambandhoM kI carcA karane lagI : ___"bAlaka ! tuma mere bhAI ho; devara, putra aura sapatlIputra bhI ho, bhatIjA aura cAcA bhI ho; tuma jisake putra ho, vaha merA bhAI aura pati hai; pitA, pitAmaha (nAnA), sasura aura putra bhI hai aura jisake garbha se tuma paidA hae ho, vaha merI mAtA, sAsa aura sapatnI to hai hI, bhaujAI, pitAmahI (nAnI) aura patohU bhI hai|" vastusthiti ke sAmane Ane para kuberadatta ko bhI vairAgya ho gyaa| ThIka yahI kathA-prasaMga hemacandra ke 'pariziSTa parva' ke dvitIya sarga meM bhI upanyasta hai| uparyukta vicitra sAmAjika citroM ke atirikta, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aura bhI aneka adbhuta citra aMkita hue haiM, jinase kathAkAra ke sAmAjika jIvana ke gahana aura sUkSmatara adhyayana kI sUcanA milatI hai| usa yuga kI yaha mAnyatA thI ki atithi deva-svarUpa hotA hai yA vaha sabake lie gurutulya, ataeva pUjanIya hotA hai| hitopadezakAra ne likhA bhI hai : 'sarvadevamayo'tithi:' aura 'sarvasyAbhyAgato guruH|' saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI apanI isa vareNya kathAkRti meM jagaha-jagaha atithiyoM kI zAnadAra svAgata-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| vasudeva jaise zalAkApuruSa atithi ke svAgata meM deza ke bar3e-bar3e rAjA, seTha aura sArthavAha jaise AtitheyoM ne apane ko parama gauravAnvita aura sAtizaya kRtArtha mAnA hai, sAtha hI unhoMne bhAratIya ziSTatA aura rubacAra ke nirvAha meM utkRSTa , Adarza aura sAMskRtika evaM Arthika ADhyatA kA pradarzana kiyA hai| vaitADhyaparvata kI dakSiNa zreNI ke kinnaragIta nagara ke rAjA azanivega kI rAnI suprabhA kI putrI zyAmalI se vivAha hone ke pUrva vasudeva ko pavanavega aura arcimAlI nAma ke do vidyAdhara kinnaragIta nagara meM AkAzamArga se le Aye the| rAjA ke Adeza se vasudeva kA uttama Atithya kiyA gayA thA (zyAmalIlambha : pR. 123) / rAjaparijana ke loga nahAne ke bAda pahanane ke nimitta

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 309 vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi lekara aaye| antaHpura kI kalahaMsI nAma kI pratihArI aura rAjaparijanoM ne mila-julakara, nagara ke dvAra para vasudeva ko snAna kraayaa| vasana-AbhUSaNa se alaMkRta tathA nAgarikoM dvArA prazaMsita vasudeva nagara meM praviSTa hue| rAjA azanivega ne unheM dekhaa| unhoMne use praNAma kiyaa| usane uThakara 'susvAgatam' kahate hue unakA sammAna kiyA aura apane sAtha hI siMhAsana (arddhAsana) para unheM baitthaayaa| usa yuga ke samAja meM atithiyoM ke svAgata ke nimitta arghya, Asana, snAna, vastra, AbhUSaNa, gandha, mAlya, Alepana, subhojana, mukhazuddhi ke lie tAmbUla, uttama zayana Adi kI prastuti ke sAtha hI gIta, nRtya Adi kA Ayojana karanA sAmAnya ziSTAcAra mAnA jAtA thaa| svAgata-satkAra para vizeSa Agraha usa yuga kI sAMskRtika vizeSatA thii| sAmAnya gRhastha bhI svAgata-sammAna meM pIche nahIM rahate the| 'dhammillahiNDI' (pR. 74) meM ullikhita kathA se spaSTa hai ki sunanda ke mAtA-pitA ke pUrvaparicita kucha priya pAhuna jaba unake ghara Aye, taba sunanda ke pitA mahAdhana nAmaka gRhapati ne apane una pAhunoM ko gale lagAyA aura madhura bhASaNapUrvaka unakA svAgata-satkAra kiyA, baiThane ko Asana diyA, aura phira vaha hAtha-paira dhone ko jala le aayaa| isa prakAra, ve pAhuna usake yahA~ vizvasta bhAva se sukhapUrvaka tthhre| saMkaTa kI ghar3I meM bhI, jaba eka mitra dUsare mitra se milate the, taba bhI ve paraspara eka dUsare kA bhojana-pAna se sammAna karate the| cArudatta jaba lohe ko sonA banAnevAle parivrAjaka se piNDa chur3Akara bhAgA, taba vaha bhUkha aura pyAsa se vyAkula ho uThA aura jaMgala meM kA~ToM ke bIca bhaTakane lgaa| eka jagaha caurAhA dekhakara vaha ruka gayA aura anumAna lagAyA ki avazya hI koI isa rAste se aaygaa| tabhI dekhA ki rudradatta idhara hI A rahA hai| cArudatta ko dekhate hI vaha usake pairoM para gira par3A aura bolA : "maiM tumhArA par3osI rudradatta hU~ / " phira usane pUchA : "cArudatta ! tuma idhara kahA~ se A gaye?" taba cArudatta ne rudradatta se apanA pichalA sArA vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| usake bAda rudradatta ne use loTe se pAnI pilAyA aura pAtheya bhI khilAyA ("tato diNNaM karagodagaM teNa, pAheyaM ca NeNa"; gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 148) / isa kathAprasaMga se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM pAnI pIne ke baratanoM meM loTe ko hI pramukhatA prApta thii| sone kI gajamukha jhArI bhI prayoga meM lAI jAtI thii| vimalasenA dhammilla ke svAgata ke lie suvarNanirmita gajamukha jhArI meM hI arghya lekara upasthita huI thI : "hatthe pAe ya pakkhAleUNa suddhavAsAbhogA sovaNNeNaM gayamuheNaM bhiMgAreNaM agdhaM ghettUNa niggayA'; (dhammillahiNDI, pR. 66) / _ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM tatkAlIna samAja kI vAtsalyamayI striyoM kA bhI Avarjaka citraNa huA hai| unameM santAna kI kAmanA sahaja bhAva se rahatI thii| cArudatta kI mA~ bhadrA "uccaprasavA" ho gaI thI, arthAt use putra nahIM prApta hotA thA, isalie vaha putrArthinI nirantara deva-namaskAra aura tapasvijanoM kI pUjA meM nirata rahatI thI (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 133) / santAna-kAmanA kI pUrti ke nimitta harinaigameSI deva kI ArAdhanA kA vidhAna bhI pracalita thA (pIThikA, pR. 97) / kRSNa ne satyabhAmA se rukmiNIputra pradyumna ke samAna hI putra kI prApti ke lie harinaigameSI deva kI ArAdhanA kI thii| mAtA-pitA apane putra ko goda meM baiThAkara aura usake mAthe ko sUMghakara apane vAtsalya-sneha ke ..

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310 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA atireka kA pradarzana karate the / janma lete hI dhUmaketu dvArA apahRta pradyumna jaba yuvA hokara vidyAdharaloka se lauTA, taba vaha azrupUrNa A~khoM se mA~ ke caraNoM meM jhuka gyaa| mAtA rukmiNI ke bhI bahuta dinoM se ruke A~sU pravAhita ho utthe| usane 'beTe, tumhArA svAgata hai, aneka hajAra varSoM taka jIo' kahakara pradyumna ko a~kavAra meM bhara liyA aura phira goda meM baiThAkara usake mu~ha meM apanA stana DAla diyA (" sAgayaM putta, jIvasu bahUNi vAsasahassANi tti abhinaMdiDa, ucchaMge nivesAviUNa diNNo muhe thaNo "; tatraiva, pR. 96 ) / isI prasaMga meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki pradyumna ne apanI dharmamAtA vidyAdharI kanakamAlA se prajJaptividyA prApta kI thI / prajJaptividyA ke bala se vaha pahale laghutApasa ke rUpa meM apanI mA~ ke samakSa upasthita huA thA aura mA~ se khIra khilAne kI jida ThAna dI thI / laghutApasa se bAtacIta karatI tathA dAsiyoM ko zIghra khIra taiyAra karane kA Adeza detI huI rukmiNI kI A~kheM praphullita ho gaIM aura avacetana meM sthita vAtsalya ke bhAvAtirekavaza sahaja hI usake stanoM se dUdha jharane lagA "devI ya khuDDeNa saha AlAvaM kareM tUrAveMtI ya ceDIo AgatapaNhayA paphullaloyaNA saMvuttA (tatraiva, pR. 95 ) / isI prakAra, kRSNa ne yAdavayoddhAoM se lar3ate hue rukmiNI ke apaharttA pradyumna para jaba apanA sudarzana cakra calAyA, taba cakrAdhiSThita yakSa ne kRSNa ko sUcanA dI ki Apane jisa para cakra kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha ApakA zatru nahIM, varan putra hai / nAradaRSi vidyAdharaloka se Apake ciraviyukta putra ko yahA~ le Aye haiM aura unhIM ke mata se devI kA haraNa kiyA gayA hai / vastuta rahasya yaha thA ki nArada pradyumna ko sAmAnya sthiti meM kRSNa se milavAnA nahIM cAhate the, isalie unhoMne pitA-putra meM bhrAntiyuddha kA vAtAvaraNa utpanna karA diyA thaa| nArada kI paraspara lar3avAne kI manovRtti se vaidika paramparA bhI aparicita nahIM hai / yahA~ bhI kathAkAra ne vaidika paramparA ke hI nArada kA jaina rUpAntara upanyasta kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke antargata yathAprastuta kRSNacarita meM, rukmiNI aura satyabhAmA ke sapatnItva-bhAva ke kAraNa calanevAle gRhayuddha meM nArada kI bhUmikA kA ullekhanIya vaiziSTya hai / astu sudarzana-cakra kI bAta sunakara kRSNa zAnta ho gaye aura cakra ke prati pUjAbhAva ke sAtha pradyumna ko prItipUrNa A~khoM se nihArane lge| taba, nArada kI anumati se pradyumna kRSNa ke nikaTa gayA aura usane unheM praNAma kiyA / kRSNa ne AnandAzrupUrNa A~khoM se pradyumna ko a~kavAra meM bhara liyA aura usakA mAthA sU~ghate hue use atizaya phaladAyaka AzIrvAda diyA ('ANaMdaMsupuNNaNayaNeNa piuNA aMkamAroviu agghAyo ya sire; pIThikA: pR. 96) / isI prakAra, agaDadatta zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara jaba ujjayinI vApasa AyA aura apane ghara meM praviSTa huA, taba snehAtura hokara rotI huI usakI mA~ ne use apane a~kavAra meM bhara liyA thA aura usakA mAthA sU~ghA thA ('avayAsiyo agghAiyo ya siise)| usake sAtha AI usakI patnI zyAmadattA ne usakI mA~ ke paira chue aura mA~ ne Anandita hokara use gale lagAyA aura ghara ke bhItara le gaI (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 46) / uparyukta vAtsalya-prasaMgoM meM mAtA-pitA ke dvArA apane yuvA putraM kA mAthA sU~ghanA yA gale lagAnA yA goda meM baiThAnA to sAmAnya hai, kintu mA~ ke dvArA yuvA putra ke mu~ha meM dUdha Tapakate stana kA DAlanA vAtsalya kA viziSTa pradarzana hai| phraoNyaDavAdI Alocaka isa snehAtireka ko ratyAtmaka

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 311 dRSTi se dekheM, yaha aura bAta hai| kintu, yahA~ kathAkAra ne usa vAtsalyamayI mA~ ke asAdhAraNa manovijJAna kI ora saMketa kiyA hai, jisakA putra janma lete hI usase bichur3a gayA thaa| vahI putra jaba varSoM bAda use milA, taba vaha sneha ke Atizayyavaza sudha-budha khokara yuvA putra ko zizu samajha baiThI aura patrasneha ke lie cirababhakSita mAtatva kI sArthakatA ke nimitta. avacetana sthiti meM, apane prastuta (jharate) stana ko usake mu~ha meM DAla diyaa| vAtsalyabhAva kA yaha atirecana snehamayI mA~ kI asAdhAraNa manodazA kA paricAyaka hai, sAtha hI kathAkAra kI adbhuta manovaijJAnika yA manovizleSaNAtmaka prAtibha kalpanA kA saMketaka bhii| ___'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM nissantAnatA kI sthiti bar3I heya aura dayanIya mAnI jAtI thii| yahA~taka ki nissantAna vyakti kI tapasyA bhI nindanIya karAra dI jAtI thii| caudahaveM madanavegAlambha meM kathA (pR. 266) hai ki jamadagni kI dAr3hI meM ghoMsalA banAkara rahanevAle nara-mAdA pakSI Apasa meM bAta kara rahe the| nara pakSI paradeza (himAlaya parvata) jAnA cAhatA thA, kintu mAdA pakSI use roka rahI thI, isalie ki paradeza jAkara vaha use bhUla jAyagA aura dUsarI mAdA ko svIkAra kara legaa| isapara nara ne mAdA ko vizvAsa dilAyA ki vaha vaisA nahIM kregaa| isa bAta para mAdA ne nara se jamadagni muni kI zapatha khAne kI bAta khii| taba nara ne kahA : "tuma dUsarI jo bhI zapatha kaho, maiM khAne ko taiyAra hU~, lekina isa RSi ke pApa kI zapatha nahIM luuNgaa|" ___ jamadagni muni ne donoM pakSiyoM kI bAtacIta sunI, to unhoMne nara pakSI ko hAtha se pakar3akara pUchA : "maiM hajAroM varSoM se kvA~rA aura brahmacArI rahakara yahA~ tapa kara rahA hU~, to phira maiMne kauna-sA pApa kiyA, jo tuma mere pApa kI zapatha nahIM lenA cAhate ho?" pakSI ne uttara diyA : "Apa nissantAna haiM, yA vivAha na karake Apane santAna-paramparA kA vyavaccheda kiyA hai; isalie nadI-taTavartI vRkSa kI bhA~ti, jisakI jar3oM ko pAnI kA vega nirantara khaMgAlatA jA rahA hai, nirAdhAra hokara durgati ko prApta kareMge / Apake nAma taka ko koI nahIM jAna paaygaa| yahI kyA kama pApa hai? Apa santAnayukta dUsare RSi ko nahIM dekhate?" pakSI kI bAta se prabhAvita jamadagni apanI ni:santAnatA para cintA karane lage aura araNyavAsa chor3a, dArasaMgraha ke lie icchuka ho utthe| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha bhI saMketa milatA hai ki usa yuga kI striyA~ kevala apane patiyoM ko chalanevAlI yA kAmoSmA se dagdha rahanevAlI hI nahIM thIM, apitu unapara abhimAna bhI karatI thIM aura lokadharma kI jAnakArI bhI unheM rahatI thii| kathA hai (vegavatIlambha : pR. 228) ki vegavatI kA bhAI mAnasavega vidyAdhara bar3A kAmalolupa thaa| usane eka dina kisI vivAhitA mAnavI kA suptAvasthA meM apaharaNa kara use apane pramadavana meM lA rkhaa| kintu mAnavI usase nirantara vimukha rahatI thii| taba, mAnasavega ne mAnavI ko apane prati anukUlita karane kA bhAra apanI bahana vegavatI ko sauNpaa| jaba vegavatI ne apane bhAI ke rUpa, kula aura vaya kI prazaMsA karate hue usakA kAma-prastAva mAnavI ke samakSa rakhA, taba usane usa vidyAdharI ko jo kar3I phaTakAra batalAI, usameM eka bhAratIya kula-lalanA kI prAcIna maryAdAvAdI samAjaniSThA ke prati avicala bhAvanA kA garvodghoSa svAbhimAna kI utkRSTatA ke sAtha anuguMjita hai| .. vegavatI se mAnavI ne kahA : "vegavatI ! tuma paNDitA ho, aisA maiMne dAsI ke mu~ha se sunA hai| lekina, tuma bahuta anucita bAta karatI ho athavA bhrAtRsneha ke kAraNa AcAra se cUka gaI hai|

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312 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA to suno, mAtA-pitA kanyA ko jisa pati ke lie dete haiM, cAhe vaha surUpa ho yA kurUpa, guNI ho yA guNahIna, vidvAn ho yA mUrkha, vaha usake lie AjIvana ekaniSTha bhAva se devatA ke samAna sevanIya hai / tabhI, vaha isa loka meM yazobhAginI aura paraloka meM sadgati kI adhikAriNI hotI . hai / kulavadhU kA yahI dharma hai| tuma jo mAnasavega kI prazaMsA karatI ho, vaha anucita hai / jo rAjadharma ke anusAra calatA hai aura kulIna hotA hai, vaha soI huI ajJAta kulazIla strI kA apaharaNa nahIM karatA / tumhIM soco, yaha vIratA hai yA kAyarapana ? yadi mere Aryaputra ko jagAkara vaha merA apaharaNa karatA, to apane ko jIvita nahIM paataa| phira, jo tuma kahatI ho ki merA bhAI vidyAdhara rUpavAn hai, to suno, candramA se adhika kAntimAn koI dUsarA nahIM hai, usI prakAra sUrya se adhika tejasvI bhI koI nahIM hai| maiM bhI yahI mAnatI hU~ ki mere Aryaputra se adhika rUpavAn na koI manuSya hai, na koI deva hI / vaha akelA hokara bhI sabake sAtha yuddha karane meM samartha haiM, matavAle hAtha vaza meM kara lete haiM aura zAstra meM to bRhaspati ke samAna haiM / vaha nyAyapriya rAjakula meM utpanna hue haiN| isa prakAra, he vegavatI, maiM puruSottama kI patnI huuN| maiM kisI parapuruSa kI mana se bhI icchA karatI hU~, yaha bAta tuma kabhI apane mana meM bhI nahIM lAnA / mere Aryaputra ke itane guNa haiM ki unakA eka jihvA se varNana karane kI zakti mujhameM nahIM hai / maiM to yaha mAnatI hU~ ki jisa prakAra samudra ratna kI khAna hai aura usI meM se nikale kucha adbhuta ratna janapadoM meM pAye jAte haiM, usI prakAra mere Aryaputra meM puruSocita samasta guNa nihita haiM, kintu dUsare puruSa meM to kucha hI guNa pAye jAte haiM / isalie, tuma khAlI muTThI se baccoM kI taraha mujhe mata phusalAo aura na anArya jana ke yogya bAta kro| " sAmAjika siddhAntoM se saMvalita bhAratIya lokamaryAdA ke sthiti-sthApaka tathA sampUrNa strIjAti ke lie gauravajanaka, mAnavI ke isa vidvattApUrNa vaktavya ko sunakara vegavatI ne usa (mAnavI) kSamA mA~gate hue namratApUrvaka kahA: "AyeM ! maiM bhI lokadharma jAnatI huuN| yaha mArga hamAre kuladharma ke yogya nahIM hai / mAnasavega ne parastrI kA apaharaNa karake anucita kArya kiyA hai| maiMne bhrAtRsnehavaza tumase jo anabhijAta bAteM kahI haiM, usake lie kSamA kro| maiM phira aisA kabhI nahIM khuuNgii|" yaha mAnavI aura koI nahIM, varan svayaM caritanAyaka zalAkApuruSa vasudeva kI patnI somazrI hai| aura, vegavatI bhI unakI patnI hI banI hai| ina donoM ke AlApa - pratyAlApa ke vyAja se saMghadAsagaNI ne patiprANA bhAratIya AryalalanA kA, Adarza kI dIpti se samudbhAsita rUpa upasthita kiyA hai; sAtha hI kula, zIla, vidyA, rUpa, guNa aura bala se atizaya Urjasvala evaM varcasvI bhAratIya pati kI Adarza paribhASA bhI prastuta kara dI hai| isake atirikta, kathAkAra ne yaha bhI saMketita kiyA hai ki suptAvasthA meM strI kA apaharaNa na kevala samAjaviruddha, apitu rAjadharmaviruddha kArya hai / aisA kArya karake rAjadharma kA ullaMghana karanevAlA manuSya kAyara to hai hI, akulIna bhI hai| isake atirikta, isa bAta kI sUcanA bhI milatI hai ki usa yuga kI kucha kanyAe~ pitA ke adhIna thIM, isalie ve pitA ke dvArA yathArUpa nirvAcita pati ko hI svIkAra karane ko vivaza thIM, aura svayaMvara kI prathA pracalita rahane ke bAvajUda ve svAnukUla pati prApta karane kI suvidhA se vaMcita thIM / anyathA, yathArUpa prApta pati ko AjIvana ekaniSTha bhAva se devatA mAnakara pUjA karane kI bAta mAnavI ke mukha se kathAkAra kyoM kahalavAtA ? yoM, svayaMvara Ayojita hone para bhI kanyAe~ prAyaH pitA-mAtA dvArA anumodita yA pUrvarAga kI manodazA meM apane antaHkaraNa se

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 313 varaNa kiye gaye pati ko hI apanAtI thIM aura isa prakAra svayaMvara eka aupacArika niyamamAtra hotA thaa| kahanA na hogA, usa yuga meM pati ke nirvAcana ke sandarbha meM mAtA-pitA kI icchA ko tarajIha dene meM kanyAe~ apanA gaurava mAnatI thIM aura isake lie ve kaThora saMgharSa aura gambhIra sAdhanA ko bhI saharSa svIkAra kara letI thiiN| 'mahAbhArata' aura purANoM meM isake aneka udAharaNa upalabdha haiM, jinameM rUpavatI sukanyA (andha cyavana RSi kI patnI), patiprANA sAvitrI (alpAyu satyavAn kI palI), vidyottamA yA vidyAvatI (kAlidAsa kI maurNyakAlIna viduSI patnI) aura phira 'vasudevahiNDI' kI hI reNukA (vRddha jamadagni tApasa kI bAlakA palI) Adi ke nAma ullekhya haiN| isa sandarbha meM kathAkAra ne khAlI muTThI dikhAkara baccoM ko phusalAne kI bAta likhakara apane bAlamanovijJAna ke vyAvahArika jJAna kI bhI sUcanA dI hai| _ 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha mUlyavAn sUcanA bhI milatI hai ki usa yuga ke samAja meM jAtibheda ke prati prAya: Agraha nahIM thaa| jAti kI apekSA sundaratA aura guNa-zIla ko hI adhika mahattva prApta thaa| isIlie, vasudeva ne yathAprApta apanI paliyoM ke rUpa-guNa ko hI adhika mUlya diyA thaa| saMgIta aura nRtya yA sabhI prakAra kI lalitakalAoM meM nipuNa honA kanyAe~ yA striyA~ usa kAla meM adhika samAdRta thiiN| seTha yA rAjA apanI putriyoM ke lie kalAvanta pati hI DhU~r3hate the yA kalAvizeSajJa, rUpavAn yuvA aura balazAlI pati kI prApti ke uddezya se hI svayaMvara kA Ayojana karAte the| isa prakAra, kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita lokajIvana yA samAja ke pratyeka vyavahAra meM jAti kI apekSA kalA kA adhika mUlya thaa| prAcIna yuga meM dhanarAzi yA AbhUSaNoM ko jamIna ke nIce gAr3akara rakhane kI sAmAnya sAmAjika prathA thii| pati ke dvArA gAr3akara rakhe gaye dhana kA patA patnI ko bhI nahIM rahatA thaa| tabhI to, cArudatta ke pUchane para usakI mA~ ne usake pitA dvArA gAr3akara rakhe gaye dhana ke viSaya meM apanI ajJatA prakaTa kI thI : "ahaM na yANaM nihANapautaM vA vaDipauttaM vA parijanapavittharapauttaM vA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 144) / " spaSTa hai, jamIna meM dhana gAr3akara rakhanA atizaya vyaktigata aura gopanIya kArya thaa| vasudeva bhI apane sAtha aneka AbhUSaNoM ko lekara bhramaNa karate the aura unase apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA kAma bhI lete the| kisI nagara meM praveza karane ke pUrva vaha nagara ke bAhara kisI udyAna meM jamIna ke nIce AbhUSaNoM ko chipAkara rakha dete the| campAnagarI meM praveza karate samaya bhI unhoMne pracchanna bhUmibhAga meM apane AbhUSaNoM ko chipAyA thA, isakA spaSTa ullekha hai: "AbharaNANi pacchanne bhUmibhAe NihieUNaM aigao mi nayara (tatraiva, pR. 127) / " vasudeva ke sAle aMzumAn ne bhI, AkAzacArI hAthI dvArA apahRta vasudeva ko DhU~Dhane ke krama meM, jaMgala meM rahate samaya apane gahanoM ko eka done meM rakhakara phaloM se Dhaka diyA thA : "tato AbharaNANi me pattapuDe pakkhiviUNa chAiyANi phalehiM (padmAlambha : pR. 205) / " 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki usa yuga meM bhikhamaMgoM-dIna, kRpaNa aura anAtha logoM kI kamI nahIM thii| vasudeva ne rAjagRha kI dyUtazAlA meM jIte hue sonA, motI aura maNiyoM ke Dhera ko dIna, kRpaNa aura anAtha logoM meM bA~Ta diyA thA: "dINaM kivaNe aNAhaM jaNaM saddAvehi ahaM vittaM dAhAmi ti (vegavatIlambha : pR. 248) / " isI prakAra, zAmba ne bhI dyUta meM subhAnu se prApta eka karor3a kI rAzi dInoM aura anAthoM me vitarita kara dI thI : "dINANAhANa ya dattaM vittaM (mukha, pR. 106) / "

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA isake atirikta, usa yuga meM alpa vittavAloM ke lie bhojanazAlA kI bhI vyavasthA thI, jahA~ sthAna bahuta kama rahatA thA, kintu grAmavAsa karanevAloM ke lie sulabha dUdha, dahI, ghI Adi kI pracuratA rahatI thI / cArudatta ne nadI meM snAna karake zreSThapuruSa jinendra kI vandanA kI aura gA~va ( uzIrAvartta ke antima AsannavarttI gA~va) meM praveza kiyaa| gA~va meM kArakhAne cala rahe the aura 314 bAra ho rahA thaa| deza aura kAla ke anusAra lAbha aura prApti kI vyavasthA meM saMlagna, upavana kI taraha saje dUkAnoM (bAjAroM) se vaha gA~va nagara ke samAna dikhAI par3a rahA thA / cArudatta galiyoM ke bIca bane eka ghara meM praviSTa huA aura kama sthAnavAlI bhojanazAlA meM hAtha-paira dhokara usane bhojana kiyA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 145) / isase yaha anumAna hotA hai ki usa yuga ke gA~voM meM gRhodyogoM kI pracuratA thI aura ve apanI vyApArika samRddhi se nagaroM kI samAnatA karate the / usa yuga meM dIpaka hI prakAza kI vyavasthA kA mAdhyama thA / cArudatta ne aMgUThI ke mUlya se kucha vastue~ kharIdI aura unase vaha vyApAra karane lgaa| usake mAmA vibhinna dezoM se sUta, ruI Adi vastue~ ekatra karate rahate / eka dina madhyarAtri meM cUhe dIye kI jalatI huI battI khIMca le gaye, jisase ruI meM Aga laga gii| cArudatta kisI taraha dUkAna se bAhara nikalA, kintu dUkAna kA bahuta bar3A hissA jala gayA (tatraiva : pR. 145 ) / isI prakAra, eka bAra jaba rAtri meM mAnasavega vasudeva ko hara le gayA, taba unheM bahuta sAre loga dIpaka lekara cAroM ora satarka hokara DhU~Dhane lage : "dIvigAhiM maggejjaha sammaM (vegavatIlambha : pR. 249 ) / " mandiroM yA bhavanoM meM prAya: maNi yA suvarNa ke dIpaka jalate the : 'dIvamaNipakAsiyaM aigayANi gabbhagihai / ' (bandhumatIlambha) "dIvamaNipagAsiyaM vimAnabhUyaM pAsAyaM " ( tatraiva, pR. 279) / 'pajjAliyakaNagadIvaM aigayA mo vAsagiha ( nIlayazAlambha : pR. 180) / ' eka bAra vasudeva ne somazrI kA rupa dhAraNa kiye huI eka chalanAmayI ko dIpaka ke prakAza meM hI spaSTa rUpa se dekhA-pahacAnA thA : 'passAmi ya dIvajjAeNa phuDasarIra devi aNNamaNNarUvaM' (vegavatIlambha: pR. 226) / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki usa samaya ke loga battIsa nokoM (lIvara) vAle tAle kA vyavahAra karate the / zrAvastI ke mandira meM sthita brAhmaNa ne mRgadhvajakumAra aura bhadraka bhaiMse ke yathAzruta carita ko samApta karate hue vasudeva se kahA: "yadi Apa mandira aura usameM pratiSThita siddhapratimA kA nikaTa darzana karanA cAhate haiM, to kSaNabhara pratIkSA kreN| apanI putrI vara kA icchuka seTha yahA~ AyagA aura vaha mandira ke dvAra para lage battIsa nokoMvAle tAle ko kholegaa|" yaha kahakara brAhmaNa calA gyaa| brAhmaNa kI bAta se vasudeva ko bar3A kutUhala huA aura ve tAlodghATinI vidyA se tAlA kholakara mandira ke andara cale gye| mandira kA dvAra pUrvavat banda ho gayA : "... seTThI dhUyavaratthI ehiti battIsANIyagatAliyaM so NaM taM ughADehi tti vottUNa gato / ahaM pi ko uhalleNa tAlugghADaNIya vihADeUNa aigato / duvAraM tadavatthaM jAyaM (tatraiva : pR. 279) / " usa yuga kI striyA~ apanI abhISTa - siddhi ke lie manautI bhI mAnatI thIM / kAmapatAkA ne sUcInRtya ke pradarzana meM nirvighna saphalatA ke lie cAra dinoM kA upavAsa karake jinendra kA aSTAhika mahAmahotsava manAne kI manautI mAnI thii| manautI mAnate hI ajJAta devI ne nRtyamaMca para rakhI viSabujhI suiyoM ko haTA diyA aura vaha sUcInRtya ke pradarzana meM kathamapi vighnita-bAdhita nahIM huI / ("taM ca kAmapaDAyA jANiUNa uvAiyaM karei-jai nittharAmi pecchaM to jiNavarANa aTThAhiyaM

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 315 mahAmahimaM karissAmi / cautthabhatteNa ya taM nittharai pecchN| tA ya sUIo visasaMjuttAo devayAe avahiyAo (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 293) / " saMghadAsagaNI ne sUcanA dI hai ki usa yuga meM bhI jUThana uThAnevAlI dAsiyA~ rahatI thiiN| ilAvarddhana nagara meM eka sArthavAha ne vasudeva ko bhojana ke lie apane ghara para Amantrita kiyaa| bhojana karake, hAtha-mu~ha dhone ke bAda vasudeva ne mukhazuddhi ke lie sugandhaphala grahaNa kiyaa| usake bAda vaha Asana se utthe| zeSa anna ko dAsiyoM ne haTA diyaa| "sesamavaNIyamaNNaM paricArigAhiM (raktavatIlambha : pR. 219) / " __ tatkAlIna samAja ke loga bhI apanA kAma nikAlane ke lie sambaddha vyakti ko dhana kA pralobhana dete the, jo Ajakala 'ghUsa' ('utkoca) ke nAma se pracalita hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai ki subhAnu ke vivAha ke lie sajjita udyAna ko pradyumna ne vidyAbala se dhvasta kara diyA thaa| isI kathA ko pallavita karate hue kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki pradyumna ne dvAravatI ke bAhara eka vanakhaNDa meM rakSApuruSoM ko vAnara utpanna karake dikhalAyA aura unase kahA : "yaha vAnara bhUkhA hai, isalie ise isa udyAna meM yathAbhilaSita phUla-phala khAne ko chor3a diyA jaay|" rakSakoM ne pradyumna kA kahanA na mAnate hue kahA : "yahA~ vivAha kA utsava honevAlA hai, isalie yahA~ koI nahIM raha sktaa|" taba pradyumna ne unheM eka suvarNakhaNDa diyaa| suvarNakhaNDa ke pralobhana meM par3akara rakSakoM ne vAnara ko udyAna meM ghusane kI chUTa de dii| vAnara ne kSaNabhara meM vanakhaNDa ko puSpaphala-vihIna kara diyA (pIThikA : pR. 93) / pradyumna ke pitAmaha aura 'vasudevahiNDI' ke caritanAyaka svayaM vasudeva bhI AbhUSaNa kA pralobhana dekara auratoM se kAma nikAlane meM bar3e dakSa the| vasudeva ke jyeSTha bhrAtA ne jaba unakI udyAna-yAtrA para pratibandha lagA diyA aura barAbara ghara meM hI rahane kI AjJA dI, taba vaha isa bAta kA patA lagAne lage ki kisa kAraNa se unapara ghara se nikalane para pratibandha lagAyA gayA hai| eka dina bar3e bhAI kI dhAI se vasudeva ne aMgarAga-dravya pIsatI huI gandhadravya kI prabhAriNI kubjA ke bAre meM pUchA: "yaha kisake lie vilepana taiyAra kara rahI hai ?" dhAI ne kahA : "rAjA ke lie|" vasudeva ne pUchA : "mere lie kyoM nahIM?" dhAI ne batAyA : "tumane aparAdha kiyA hai, isalie tumheM viziSTa vastrAbharaNa aura vilepana nahIM milegaa|" isake bAda dhAI unheM rokatI rahI, phira bhI unhoMne jabaradastI ubaTana le hI liyaa| taba, dhAI ruSTa hokara bolI : "inhIM AcaraNoM se rAjA ne tumhArA kahIM bAhara AnA-jAnA roka diyA hai| phira bhI, tuma apanI uddaNDatA se bAja nahIM aate|" taba vasudeva ne usase yaha patA lagAne ko kahA ki rAjA ne kisa aparAdha se unheM roka rakhA hai| kintu, dhAI rAjA ke bhaya se asaliyata kaha nahIM pAtI thii| vasudeva usake pIche par3a gaye aura use eka aMgUThI dekara anunaya-vinaya kiyA, taba usane unheM sahI vastusthiti batA dI (zyAmAvijayAlambha : pR. 119) / isI prakAra, vasudeva ko murkha samajhakara, campAnagarI kA saMgItAcArya sugrIva jaba unheM apanA ziSya banAnA nahIM cAha rahA thA, taba unhoMne upAdhyAyAnI (sugrIva kI patnI) ko kaTaka (kaMgana) ghUsa meM dekara usase ziSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane ke lie sugrIva ke nikaTa apanI siphAriza karAI thii| pA~caveM somazrIlambha (pR. 182) meM bhI ullekha hai ki vasudeva ne vedajJa

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316 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA brAhmaNa brahmadatta upAdhyAya kI patnI ko kaMgana dakSiNA meM diyA thA aura apanA paricaya skandila gautama ke rUpa meM upasthita karake brahmadatta upAdhyAya se Arya aura anArya, donoM prakAra ke vedoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| ___ina kathAprasaMgoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki purAyuga ke samAja meM bahumUlya suvarNa yA maNi-rala-nirmita AbhUSaNa hI ghUsa yA pralobhana ke lie diye jAte the aura ise 'prItidAna' yA 'tuSTidAna' kahA jAtA thA; kintu Ajakala dravya aura rupayA, donoM hI rUpoM meM ghUsa dene kI prathA pracalita hai, jo aba sarvathA sAmAjika zoSaNa kA hI paryAya-pratIka bana gaI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki usa yuga meM kisI kI mRtyu ho jAne para usake AtmIya purasA~ yA pUchatAcha ke lie usake ghara para upasthita hote the| kSIrakadamba upAdhyAya kI mRtyu ho jAne para usakA ziSya nArada pitRzoka se tapta usake putra parvataka ke yahA~ gayA thaa| parvataka ke ghara pahu~cakara nArada ne vidhavA upAdhyAyAnI kI vandanA kI aura parvataka ko dhairya ba~dhAyA ki "tuma zoka mata karo" / ("uvajjhAyamaraNadukkhiyo ya duvvo tti saMpahAriUNa gato uvajjhAyagihaM / vaMdiyA uvjjhaayinnii| pavvayao ya saMbhAsio-appasogeNa ho eyavvaMti'; somazrIlambha: pR. 190) / usa yuga meM rAjA se pUjita hone kA sahaja garva bhI logoM ko hotA thaa| aura, isake lie unheM svabhAvata: ghamaNDa bhI rahatA thaa| pariNAmataH, ve svacchandacArI ho jAte the| rAjA se samAdRta hokara parvataka ahaMkArI ho gayA thA aura usane 'ajairyaSTavyam' mantra kI hiMsAparaka vyAkhyA karake hiMsAyajJa ko protsAhana diyA thA ("rAjapUjio ahaM ti gavio paNNaveti-ajA chagalA, tehi ya jaiyavvaM iti"; tatraiva: pR. 190-191) / isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne bhAratIya lokajIvana ke vividha pakSoM kI sAmAjika vizeSatAoM kA samIcIna samudbhAvana kiyA hai, jinameM mAnavajIvana ke vibhinna guNAvaguNoM ke manoraMjaka tathA lomaharSaka, vizuddha tathA vikRta sthitiyoM kI svaccha-malina chaviyA~ ubharakara sAmane AI haiN| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI kI samAja-cintA sampUrNa bhAratIya samAja-cintana kI samagrAtmakatA ke ruci-vaicitrya ke AsaMga meM pAramparINa upalabdhiyoM aura prAktana malyoM ke sAtha upanyasta huI hai| samAja ke mithyAtva aura samyaktva donoM sahaja guNoM yA dharmoM ko citrita karate hue samyaktvavAdI kathAkAra ne samAja kI sahaja samyaktva-siddhi para hI adhika bala diyA hai aura unhoMne jisa utkRSTa aura Adarza bhAratIya samAja kI parikalpanA kI hai, tathA usameM jo lokamaryAdA rekhAyita huI hai, vaha apane zAzvatika mUlya ke kAraNa bhAvI samAja ke lie dizAnirdezaka hai| saMghadAsagaNI kA Adarza bhAratIya samAja tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha-kAlIna samAja ke vyAja se isa prakAra citrita huA haiM : "bhavya-rUpI kumuda-vana kA bodhana-vikAsa karate hue jinacandra zAntinAtha jahA~-jahA~ vihAra karate, vahA~-vahA~ paccIsa yojana taka kI bhUmi samatala aura paidala calane yogya ho jAtI; usapara sugandhapUrNa gandhodaka se siMcana ho jAtA tathA vRntasahita pA~ca prakAra ke phUloM kI varSA ho jAtI, jisameM vRnta nIce kI ora rahatA aura phUla Upara kI. ora khile rhte| sabhI

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 317 RtuoM meM phUlane-phalanevAle phUloM aura phaloM se ladakara sabhI per3a nirupadrava bhAva se jhUmane lagate aura pramudita prajAe~ dharmakArya ke sAdhana meM udyata ho jaatiiN| rAjA vaira aura amarSa se mukta hokara, sukhAdhigamya banakara evaM dAna-dayA meM tatpara rahakara rAjya karate aura vairAgya hone para jisa kisI ko bhI rAjya sauMpakara pravrajyA le lete / narendra aura unake putra tathA ibhya (vyApArI) Rddhi-vizeSa kA parityAga kara tIrthaMkara ke caraNoM Azraya lekara saMyama svIkAra kara lete / brAhmaNa, vaizya aura striyA~ apane vizAla vaibhava ko chor3akara, viSaya-sukha ke prati nirAkAMkSa rahakara pravrajyA le lete aura zrAmaNya kA anupAlana karate / yadi koI zrAmaNya ke anupAlana meM asamartha hotA, to vaha gRhadharma svIkAra karake tapa ke lie udyata rahakara vihAra karatA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 343) / " taka saMghadAsagaNI kA yahI Adarza rAjya yA samAja paravarttI racanAkAroM yA samAjacintakoM kI sAhitya-yAtrA ke mArga meM krozazilA banakara pratiSThita hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke rAmarAjya bhI ukta samAja kI hI kalpanA kA svara anudhvanita hai| jAgarUka kathAkAra ne rAjyazAsita samAja kA aisA mohaka citra khIMcA hai ki isake samakSa tathAkathita prajAtantrAtmaka samAja kI chavi bhI dhUmila par3a jAtI hai| kisI bhI unnata samAja kI kalpanA ke lie sAmAnyata: tIna bAteM pramukha rUpa se lakSaNIya hotI haiM- rAjya aura janatA kA acchA sambandha, janatA yA prajA ke lie rAjya ke sevA-sAdhanoM kI sulabhatA tathA vyApAriyoM kI aparigrahazIlatA / ye tInoM bAteM kisI bhI sadrAjya ke sAmAjika vikAsa kI AdhArazilAe~ haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne apane Adarza samAja meM ina tInoM vizeSatAoM kA samyak samAveza kiyA hai : prajA kA pramudita hokara dharmakArya meM saMlagna rahanA, rAjA kA sukhAdhigamya (rAjA taka AsAnI se pahu~ca honA tathA vyApAriyoM kA RddhivizeSa ko tyAga kara tIrthaMkarAzrita honA, ye tInoM guNa unna samAja ke yathokta pramukha tIna lakSaNoM meM hI parigaNanIya haiN| yahA~ kathAkAra kI aura eka bAta dhyAtavya hai ki usane brAhmaNoM, vaizyoM aura striyoM ko vizAla vaibhava kA parityAga kara viSayasukha se nirAkAMkSa rahane kA AdezAtmaka nirdeza kiyA hai| aisA isalie ki brAhmaNa dvArA karmakANDa kI pAkhaNDapUrNa viDambanA, vaizyoM dvArA dhana ke anAvazyaka saMcaya se grAhakoM ke Arthika parizoSaNa aura striyoM dvArA viSaya-sukha ke bhoga kI aparimita AkAMkSAoM ke vistAra kI sahaja sambhAvanA rahatI hai, jisase sAmAjika vikAsa meM avarodha kI sthiti utpanna ho jAtI hai / ataeva, samAjacintaka saMghadAsagaNI ne samAja yA rAjya kI samunnati ke lie atyadhika bhoga ke prati nirAkAMkSatA ko anivArya mAnA hai| yahA~ isa mahAn kathAkAra ne jAti-viSayaka kuTila AkSepa nahIM kiyA hai, apitu isane zAstra, dhana aura kAma (dharma, artha aura kAma) ke pratinidhiyoM dvArA apane adhikRta sAmAjika viSayoM ke durupayoga na karane kI ora sahI saMketa kiyA hai| isa prakAra, yaha kathAsraSTA samAja ke guNAvaguNoM kA kuzala parirakSaka hone ke sAtha hI eka Adarza samAja kA krAntadraSTA parikalpaka siddha hotA hai /

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318 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA (kha) sAmAnya sAMskRtika jIvana - kisI bhI lokajIvana yA samAja ke sAMgopAMga adhyayana ke lie usake sAMkRtika pakSoM para samagratA se dRSTinikSepa karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| isalie, usake sAMskRtika jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha usakI artha-vyavasthA evaM prazAsana-praNAlI, janajIvana se sambaddha samAntara dArzanika matavAda tatA bhaugolika evaM rAjanItika aitihya kA bhI vizleSaNAtmaka dRSTi se anuzIlana apekSita ho jAtA hai| yahA~ sarvaprathama 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita sAmAnya sAMskRtika jIvana kA adhyayana prasaMgopeta hai| - saMghadAsagaNI ne IsA kI tRtIya-caturtha zatI yA bhArata ke svarNakAla kI saMskRti ke rUpacitraNa ke mAdhyama se tatkAlIna samAja kI kalAcetanA kA saghana vivaraNa upanyasta kiyA hai, jo pAThakoM ke hRdaya meM jJAna aura Ananda- donoM kI eka sAtha sRSTi karatA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prastuta sAMskRtika sAmagrI ko bIsavIM zatI kI mAnasikatA ke sAtha dekhane se usake varNana dhuMdhale par3a jAte haiM, isalie jaba hama svayaM apane-Apako saMghadAsagaNI ke kAla meM le jAkara unakI 'vasudevahiNDI' ke pAThaka bana jAte haiM, taba unake kathAtmaka varNanoM ke marma taka pahu~cane ke lie hamArI jijJAsA sahaja hI utkaNThita hone lagatI hai| saMghadAsagaNI kA samaya svarNayuga kA madhyapUrva (tRtIya zatI kA uttarArddha aura caturtha zatI kA pUrvAddha) hai| usa samaya guptapUrvakAlIna saMskRti pUrNa rUpa se vikasita ho cukI thii| kalA, dharma, darzana, rAjanIti, AcAra, vicAra Adi kI dRSTi se saMghadAsagaNI ke adhikAMza ullekha bhAratIya svarNakAlIna saMskRti para samIcIna prakAza jAlate haiN| kintu, sAMskRtika sAmagrI kI dRSTi se abhI taka 'vasudevahiNDI' kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana nahIM huA hai| yahA~taka ki samagra vidvajjgat meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kA kevala nAmataH ullekha huA hai, usake viSaya kI carcA yA vivecana bahuta hI kama mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| saca bAta to yaha hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kA sAMskRtika varNana vicitra aura virAT hai, jisakA puMkhAnupuMkha adhyayana eka svatantra zodhaprabandha kA viSaya hai| yahA~ sthAlIpulAkanyAya se saMghadAsagaNI ke katipaya mahattvapUrNa sAMskRtika tathyoM kA nirIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha kahanA aprAsaMgika na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ke sAMskRtika varNana unakI pratibhA aura pANDitya se prasUta kalAvareNyatA se maNDita haiM, isalie ve nIrasa yA bojhila nahIM pratIta hote, varan atyanta rucikara, sarasa aura hRdayagrAhI lagate haiN| sUkSmekSikA se dekhA jAya, to saMghadAsagaNI ke eka-eka vAkya, padazayyA aura zabda meM bhAva aura rasa ke ucchalana kI sahaja anubhUti yA pratIti hogii| sacamuca, saMghadAsagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' sAMskRtika itihasa kA apUrva sAdhana hai| phalataH, ise eka bAra par3hakara tRpti nahIM hotI, apitu bAra-bAra usake varNya viSayoM ke bhAvoM meM ramane aura 'suprayukta' zabdoM ke arthoM se nirmita honevAle bimboM ko AtmasAt karane kI AkAMkSA udgrIva hotI hai| 1.DaoN.jagadIzacandra jaina ne apanI sampAdita kRti 'di vasudevahiNDI en oNtheNTika jaina varsana oNva di bRhatkathA' kI bhUmikA meM sUcanA dI hai ki nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya ke DaoN. e. pI. jamakhedakara ne pUnA vizvavidyAlaya ke tattvAvadhAna meM, pro. es. bI. deva ke nirdezana meM, 'vasudevahiNDI kA sAMskRtika itihAsa' viSaya para pI-eca.DI. ke lie, san 1965 I. meM, apanA zodha-prabandha (aMgarejI) prastuta kiyA thaa|

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 319 'vasudevahiNDI' bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana kA ananta akSaya koSa hai / ataeva, isameM bahuvidha sAMskRtika ujjvala citra vinivezita haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne apane samakAlIna jIvana se prApta sAMskRtika AyAmoM kA atizaya bhavya udbhAvana kiyA hai, jinameM gambhIratA se praveza karane para sAMskRtika sadhyayana ke aneka antaryAmI sUtroM kI upalabdhi hotI hai| yahA~ pramukha sAMskRtika jIvana ke katipaya mahatvapUrNa prasaMgoM kI avatAraNA kI jA rahI hai| saMskRti ke vibhinna sandarbha : bhAratIya jIvana meM saMskAroM kA bar3A mahattva hai| bhAratIya zAstroM meM solaha saMskAra prasiddha haiM : garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, sImantonnayana, jAtakarma, nAmakarma, niSkramaNa, annaprAzana, cUDAkarma, karNabheda, upanayana, kezAnta, vidyArambha, vedArambha, samAvartana, vivAha aura antyeSTi / manu bAraha saMskAra hI mAnate haiN| vaha karNabheda, vidyArambha, vedArambha aura antyeSTi ko apane saMskAroM kI gaNanA meM sammilita nahIM karate / yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki saMskAra hI saMskRti hai| hindI meM 'saMskRti' navyAviSkRta zabda hai, jo 'kalcara' (yUropIya sAhitya meM bekana ko isa zabda kA prathama prayoktA mAnA jAtA hai) ke paryAyavAcI artha meM gar3hA gayA hai| yoM, prAcya zAstroM meM, Adhunika zabda-vyavahAra meM svIkRta 'saMskRti'-sthAnIya prApya zabda haiM 'saMskAra' aura 'sNskriyaa'| kintu sampratikoM ko 'saMskAra' meM solaha saMskAra-mAtra kI arthasImA ke pUrvAgraha kI pratIti-sI hotI hai, jabaki 'saMskRti' meM unheM mAnasika aura zArIrika, donoM prakAra kI zuddhatA yA pavitrIkaraNa kI samagratA kA bodha virATa phalaka para udbhAsita pratIta hotA hai| isalie, adhunA, 'saMskAra' ke artha meM 'saMskRti' zabda hI bahuzaH pracalita hai| , vaidika sAhitya meM 'saMskRti' zabda kA prayoga vyApaka artha meM hI huA hai| 'yajurveda' meM 'vizvavArA saMskRti kA sandeza prApta hotA hai| prAcIna mAnavazAstra (enthropolaoNjI) meM bhI saMskRti yA 'kalcara' zabda kA bar3A vyApaka prayoga huA hai| DaoN. vizvanAthaprasAda varmA ne prasiddha rUsI cintaka bronislAva mAlinovskI aura phira bekana, harDara, kANTa phikda, hambolTa Adi aneka pAzcAtya manISiyoM ke saMskRti-viSayaka vicAroM kI vivecanA karate hue likhA hai ki mAnava jina samasta upAdAnoM, upakaraNoM aura sAmAjika vastuoM kA upayoga prAkRtika zaktiyoM ke sAtha saMgharSa aura sAmaMjasya meM karatA hai, una sabakA parigrahaNa saMskRti meM hotA hai / isa prakAra, samasta sAmAjika denoM kA nAma saMskRti hai, jisameM mAnava kI upAdAnAtmaka aura samanvayAtmaka AvazyakatAoM ke sammilita rUpoM ke darzana hote haiN| saMskRti kA artha bahuvyApaka hai| mAnavoM ke prAya: samasta kriyAkalApa evaM vizvAsoM Adi kA bodha isa eka 'saMskRti' zabda se hI ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, saMskRti, manuSyoM kI AdhyAtmika, vaijJAnika aura romANTika dRSTi kI AtmaniSThatA kA samanvaya upasthita karanevAlI to hotI hI hai, unakI naitikatA, yAnI bAhyAcaraNa aura pAramparika niyamoM ke 1. acchitrasya te deva soma suvIryyasya rAyaspoSasya daditAraH syAma / sA prathamA saMskRtirvizvavArA sa prathamo varuNo mitro'gniH|| -yajurveda,7.14 2. draSTavya : 'rAjanIti aura darzana',pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1956 I, pR. 439 /

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320 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA pAlana Adi ko bhI AtmasAt kiye rahatI hai| isase saMskRti aura sabhyatA kI samAntaratA bhI spaSTa hotI hai| gahanatA se socane para yaha spaSTa ho jAyagA ki bhAratIya solaha saMskAroM meM bhI naitikatAmUlaka zArIrika aura mAnasika zuddhatA kI samagratA kA saghana viniyoga huA hai| mAnasika zikSA; zucitAmUlaka zAstravihita yajJAdi kRtya; zabdoM, vAkyoM Adi kI zuddhatA, smaraNazakti Adi to saMskAra ke svarUpagata artha haiM, kintu kozakAroM meM prasiddha ApTe mahodaya ne 'saMskAra' zabda kA bar3A vyApaka artha kiyA hai| jaise : zikSA, anuzIlana, AsajjA, bhojya padArtha taiyAra karanA, zRMgAra, sajAvaTa, alaMkaraNa, antaHkaraNa, antaH zuddhi, manaHzakti, apane pUrvajanma ke kRtyoM kI vAsanA, mana para par3I huI chApa Adi / bRhat hindI - koza (jJAnamaNDala, vArANasI) meM to zuddha karanevAle sampUrNa kRtyoM ke alAvA bAhyajagat-viSayaka kalpanA, bhrAntimUlaka vizvAsa; paudhoM, jAnavaroM Adi kA pAlana-poSaNa, dhAtu kI cIjeM mA~jakara camakAnA prabhRti samasta zuddhiparaka kRtyoM ko saMskAra ke antargata parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, pariSkAramUlaka sabhI kArya 'saMskAra' zabda se hI saMjJita hote haiM aura saMskAra tathA saMskRti ye donoM zabda artha kI vyApakatA kI dRSTi se bhinna nahIM haiM / phalataH, kisI deza, rASTra, nagara, samAja, parivAra aura vyakti ke sadAcAra, saccintana, satkarma, sadvyavahAra, sadbhASA, sadvicAra, sadbhojana, samIcIna vezabhUSA prabhRti bAhyAbhyantara karmoM aura bhAvanAoM kI zucitAmUlaka samagratA yA samuccaya hI 'saMskRti' zabda se vAcya hai / ataeva, saMghadAsagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pratipAdita sAMskRtika tathyoM kA adhyayana bhI vibhinna bhAratIya saMskAroM ke pariprekSya meM hI vAMchanIya hai / kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne bhAratIya saMskRti kA bahuta hI sUkSma aura talasparza adhyayana kiyA thA aura isIlie vaha apanI isa mahatkathAkRti meM saMskRti ke mahAn vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM ubharakara sAmane Aye haiM / niSkarSataH saMghadAsagaNI dvArA upasthApita saMskRti pUrvAgrahoM kI chAyA se sarvathA mukta mUlata: 'samagra saMskRti kA pratinidhitva karatI hai, jise hama 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya' ke prathitayazA lekhaka rASTrakavi dinakara ke zabdoM meM 'sAmAsika saMskRti' (kampojiTa kalcara) kaha sakate haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' se sUcanA milatI hai ki usa yuga meM bhI garbhAdhAna, jAtakarma, nAmakarma Adi saMskAroM ko bahuta adhika mahattva prApta thaa| rAjagRha kI ibhyapatnI dhAriNI ke pA~ca svapna dekhane ke bAda hI usake garbha kA AdhAna huA thA / brahmaloka se cyuta devatA hI usake garbha meM Aye the| tabhI, dhAriNI ko jinasAdhu kI pUjA kA dohada utpanna huA thA aura usane svapna meM jambUphala kA lAbha kiyA thA, isalie navajAta zizu kA nAma 'jambU' rakhA gayA thA (kathotpati: pR. 3) / isa prakAra, pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke, unake caudaha ' yA solaha svapna dekhane ke bAda hI, garbhAdhAna kI paramparA prathita thI / RSabhasvAmI kI mAtA ne caudaha aura mahAvIra svAmI kI mAtA ne solaha zubha svapna dekhe the / usake bAda hI ukta tIrthaMkaroM kA apanI-apanI mAtAoM ke garbha meM AdhAna huA thaa| RSabhasvAmI kI mAtA marudevI ne svapna meM RSabha (= vRSabha) ko dekhA thA, isalie 1. 'vasudevahiNDI' meM ullikhita caudaha mahAsvapna isa prakAra haiM : gaya-vasaha sIha-abhiseya-dAma-sasi - diNayaraM jhayaM kumbhaM / paThamasara-sAgara - vimANa-bhavaNa-rayaNuccaya-sihiM - aTThArahavA~ priyaMgusundarIlambha, pR. 300 ca //

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 321 navajAta zizu kA nAma 'RSabha' (RSabhasvAmI) rakhA gayA thaa| phira unakA jAtakarma-saMskAra to svayaM dikkumAriyoM ne kiyA thaa| kathA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 160) hai ki RSabhasvAmI ke janma hone ke bAda devavimAna ke madhya meM rahane vAlI rucakA, rucakasahA, surUpA aura rucakAvatI, ye cAra dikkumAriyA~ saparivAra zreSTha vimAna se AIM aura jina-jananI kI vandanA karake unhoMne apane Agamana kA kAraNa btaayaa| phira, unhoMne tIrthaMkara kA vidhivat jAtakarma saMskAra kiyA aura navajAta ke nAbhinAla ko, cAra aMgula chor3akara kATa DAlA, phira usa kaTI huI nAbhi ko dharatI meM gaDDA khodakara gAr3a diyA, phira usa gaDDhe ko ratna aura dUrvA se bharakara vahA~ para vedI (pIThikA) banA dii| isake bAda una dikkumAriyoM ne apanI vaikriyika zakti se dakSiNa, pUrva aura uttara ina tIna dizAoM meM marakatamaNi kI bhA~ti zyAmala AbhUSaNoM se maNDita kadalIghara kA nirmANa kiyA aura phira kadalIghara ke madhyabhAga meM kalpavRkSa kI, svarNajAla se alaMkRta catuHzAlA bnaaii| usameM putrasahita jinamAtA ko maNimaya siMhAsana para baiThAkara krama se tela-ubaTana lagAyA, phira dakSiNa-pUrva dizA meM le jAkara unheM trividha (zIta, uSNa aura dravyamizrita) jala se snAna karAyA aura phira uttarI catuzzAlA meM gozIrSacandana aura araNI kI lakar3I se AvirbhUta agni meM havana-kArya sampanna / kiyaa| isa prakAra, dikkumAriyA~ rakSAkArya pUrA karane ke bAda mAtA-putra ko janma-bhavana meM livA lAIM aura maMgala-gIta gAtI huI khar3I rhiiN| ___ isase spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM pratyeka maMgalakArya ke avasara para havana-kArya kA vidhAna pracalita thA aura usa kArya ke lie gozIrSacandana aura araNI kI lakar3I ko paraspara ragar3akara agni utpanna kI jAtI thii| vaidika yajJavidhi meM bhI havana ke lie araNI-kASThoM ke manthana se agni utpanna karane kI zAstrIya prathA pracalita thii| Rgveda meM isa sandarbha se sambaddha kaI RcAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| zizu ke nAma rakhane kI paddhati usake garbha yA janmakAla yA usakI prApti ke hetubhUta lakSaNo se prabhAvita hotI thii| jaise : gandharva dvArA prApta hone ke kAraNa cArudatta ne apanI poSyaputrI ka nAma 'gandharvadattA' rakhA thaa| svayaM cArudatta kA nAma bhI cArusvAmI se prApta hone ke kAraNa se sambaddha thaa| atharvaveda kA racayitA 'pippalAda' kA nAma bhI sakAraNa thaa| zizu-avasthA meM usake khule mu~ha meM pIpala kA phala Tapaka par3A thA, jise vaha khA gayA thaa| pIpala khAne se hI usaka nAma 'pippalAda' rakhA gyaa| navajAta avasthA meM valkala ke bIca rakhe jAne ke kAraNa zizu ka nAma 'valkalacIrI' rakha diyA gayA thA ('vakkalesu Thavio tti vakkalacIrI'; kathotpatti, pR. 17) isI prakAra, pratyeka parivAra meM bhI apanI santAnoM ke nAma rakhane meM pitRparamparAgata vizeSaNAtmava zabdoM kI AvRtti kI jAtI thii| jaise : nIladhara vidyAdhara kI santAnoM ke nAma the nIlakumAra aura 1.(ka) astIdamadhimanthanamasti prajana etAM vizpatnImAbharAgni manthAma pUrvathA / / (3.29.1) Upara mathane kI vastu vidyamAna hai aura nIce jo prakaTa honA hai, una donoM se hama prajAjanoM kA pAla karanevAlI pUrvajakalpa agni kA manthana kareM aura Apa sabhI use grahaNa kreN| (kha) araNyornihito jAtavedA garbha iva sudhito garbhiNISu / divodiva IDyo jAgRvadbhirhaviSmadbhirmanuSyebhiragniH / / (3.29.2) haviSmAn (samRddhi-sampanna), bhAgyazAlI aura jAgarUka manuSyoM dvArA Upara aura nIce kI araNiyoM meM sthita, jai garbhavatI striyoM meM garbha rahatA hai.pratidina khojane yogya agni ko uttama prakAra se dhAraNa kiyA jAnA cAhie

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322 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA nIlAMjanA / nIlakumAra ke putra kA nAma thA nIlakaNTha aura phira rAnI nIlAMjanA se utpanna putrI kA nAma nIlayA rakhA gayA thaa| isI prakAra, pavanavega, mAnasavega, vegavatI tathA sahasragrIva, paMcazatagrIva, zatagrIva, paMcAzadgrIva, viMzatigrIva, dazagrIva Adi nAma isa sambandha meM ullekhya haiM / usa yuga meM janmotsava bhI dhUmadhAma se manAyA jAtA thaa| isa sandarbha meM tIrthaMkara RSabhasvAmI kI janmotsava - prakriyA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 161 ) apane-ApameM anupama hai| janma ke bAraha dinoM ke bAda zizu kA nAmakarma-saMskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| ayodhyA (sAketa) ke, ikSvAku vaMza meM prasUta rAjA jitazatru aura sumitra ne apanI rAniyoM, kramaza: vijayA aura vaijayantI se utpanna putroM - ajita aura sagara kA nAmakarma-saMskAra unake janma ke bAraha dina bItane ke bAda sampanna kiyA thA : "kAleNa ya tAo pasUyAo / jiyasattuNA nivvatte bArasAhassa puttassa nAmaM ajio tti sumitteNaM sagaro tti ( priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 300) / " 'bArasAhassa' zabda ke prayoga se yaha spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM zizu janma ke bAda 'barahI' saMskAra kA vidhAna bhI loka- pracalita thaa| Aja bhI 'barahI'-'chaTThI' ke vidhAna kI akSuNNa paramparA samAja meM prathita hai| zizu janma ke chaThe dina 'chaTThI' aura bArahaveM dina 'barahI' kI vidhi sasamAroha sampanna kI jAtI hai / vedAdhyayana aura yajJa 'vasudevAhaNDI' meM vibhinna bhAratIya saMskAroM kA vipula varNana huA hai| yadyapi saMghadAsagaNI ne annaprAzana, upanayana, cUDAkaraNa Adi katipaya pramukha saMskAroM kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, kintu vasudeva kI aMgazobhA ke varNana ke krama meM 'gale meM zobhita yajJopavIta se pavitra ' ('gIvAsamullasaMtajannoiyapavitto; somazrIlambha: pR. 194) jaise vAkya prayoga se usa yuga meM upanayana-saMskAra ke pracalita rahane kA saMketa avazya mila jAtA hai| dvijAtiyoM dvArA vedAbhyAsa kI to bharapUra carcA kI gaI hai| zramaNa paramparA ke yuga meM bhI vedoM yA zAstroM kA adhyayana 'kumAravAsa' meM rahakara kiyA jAtA thaa| svayaM RSabhasvAmI bIsa lAkha pUrva taka kumAraghAsa meM rahe the ("vIsa sayasahassANi puvvANaM kumAravAsamajjhA''vasiUNaM; somazrIlambha : pR. 183) / 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM budhasvAmI ne 'kumAravAsa' ke lie 'kumAravaTakA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai (6.15) / yaha 'kumAravAsa' yA 'kumAravaTakA' Adhunika 'chAtrAvAsa' kA hI pUrvakalpa thA / vasudeva ne bhI vedazyAmapura nagara ke girikUTa grAma ke mandira meM dvijAtiyoM ko vedobhyAsa karate hue dekhA thA : "passAmi diyAdao tesu thANesu samAgae vedapariccayaM kuNamANe (tatraiva : pR. 182) / " yahA~ prastuta viSayavastu se sambaddha rocaka kathA dhyAtavya hai / vasudeva jaba vApI, puSkariNI Adi se suzobhita tathA vanakhaNDa se maNDita girikUTa gA~va ke nikaTa pahu~ce, taba vahA~ unhoMne brAhmaNoM ko vedAbhyAsa karate hue dekhaa| vaha eka puSpakariNI para gaye / vahA unhoMne snAna kiyA aura apane AbhUSaNoM ko kapar3e ke chora meM bA~dhakara girikUTa gA~va meM praveza kiyaa| vahA~ eka zreSTha mandira dekha usameM jA ghuse| usa mandira meM vedAbhyAsa meM nirata brAhmaNa bAlaka veda ke padoM kA uccAraNa karate samaya bhUla kara baiThate the / bhUla karane ke bAda ve mandira se bAhara nikala Ate the, phira bhItara jAte the / bhItara Aye hue eka brAhmaNa bAlaka se vasudeva ne pUchA: "isa mandira meM brAhmaNa ke bAlaka vedAbhyAsa kyoM karate haiM? skhalana (bhUla) hone para bAra-bAra bAhara kyoM nikala jAte haiM ?" brAhmaNa bAlaka ne

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vasadevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 323 kahA : "saumya ! sunie| grAmanAyaka devadeva kI rUpavatI, paNDitA aura sulakSaNA putrI somazrI ke viSaya meM jyotiSiyoM ne kahA hai ki vaha zreSTha puruSa kI patnI bnegii| mandira meM pratiSThita kevalajJAnI budha aura vibudha sAdhuoM kI pratimAoM ke samakSa jo zreSTha puruSa veda ke praznoM kA uttara degA, usI ko vaha kanyA dI jaaygii| isalie, somazrI ke rUpa aura jJAna se vismita brAhmaNaputra vedAbhyAsa karate haiN| mandira se bAhara-bhItara hone kA yahI kAraNa hai|" usake bAda, ukta brAhmaNaputra se pUchakara vasudeva usa gA~va ke pradhAna upAdhyAya brahmadatta ke ghara aaye| unhoMne brAhmaNa upAdhyAya se vedArtha par3hane kI icchA vyakta kii| brahmadatta Arya aura anArya donoM vedoM ko jAnatA thaa| vasudeva ne donoM vedoM ke sambandha meM apanI jijJAsA prakaTa kii| taba, brahmadatta ne pahale Aryaveda kI utpatti-kathA (somazrIlambha : pR. 183) isa prakAra batalAI : zrAvakoM ke sAtha aneka kutUhalI loga bhI rAjA bharata ke darabAra meM jAte aura rAjA ke darzana ko devadarzana ke samAna mAnate aura AzIrvAda dete / bhojanazAlA ke dvAra para niyukta puruSa ne zrAvakoM ke sAtha anya kutUhaliyoM kI bhIr3a dekhakara rAjA ke nikaTa jAkara nivedana kiyA : "mahArAja ! zrAvakoM ke bahAne aneka kutUhalI Apako dekhane Ate haiM aura bhojanazAlA meM ghusa jAte haiN| aba ApakI jaisI AjJA ho|" bharata ne soca-vicArakara kahA : "ThIka hai, zrAvakoM aura kutUhaliyoM ko alaga-alaga kiyA jAyamA / kutUhalI loga mAhaNa (brAhmaNa) haiN| inhoMne prANivadha na karane kI pratijJA kara rakhI hai| 'mA hana jIvAn iti' ('mA haNaha jIve tti taoM mAhaNa' tti vuccaMti) isa nirukti ke AdhAra para hI ve 'mAhaNa' kahalAte haiN|" rAjA bharata ne sabako (kutUhaliyoM ko) bulavAyA aura pUchA : "ahiMsA-zIla se yukta jitane loga haiM, sabhI apane-apane ko prastuta kreN|" pratyeka ne apane tapa, zIla aura guNavrata ke viSaya meM khaa| unameM jitane paMcANuvratI the, unake lie rAjA ne kAkiNI-rala (bIsa kaur3I mUlya kA eka sikkA) se eka tirachI (vaikakSika) rekhA banA dii| aura, jo tIna guNavrata aura aNuvrata dhAraNa karanevAle the, unake lie do rekhAe~ khiiNciiN| fira, jo aNuvrata aura guNavrata ke sAtha hI zikSAvrata dhAraNa karate the, unake lie tIna rekhAe~ ddaaliiN| isa prakAra se rekhAMkita sabhI kutUhalI, 'mAhaNa' (brAhmaNa) ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| unake AcAra aura dharma ko eka lAkha zlokapramANa meM grathita kiyA gyaa| usake bAda ve gyAraha upAsaka-pratimAoM (zrAvakoM ke viziSTa niyama) ke vidhAna se yukta; zIlavrata-niyamoM ke vicAroM se vibhUSita; maraNavidhi, sugati-gamana evaM zukladhyAna meM pratyAgamana Adi bodhilAbha ke phala se yukta tathA nirvANa-prApti ke upAya kI dezanA ke sAra se samanvita paramarSi dvArA upadiSTa Aryaveda par3hane lge| jJAtavya hai ki zramaNa-paramparA ke veda kA apanA svatantra astitva thaa| RSabhasvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda bharata ne tIrthaMkara kI nirvANabhUmi para stUpa banavAye aura utsava kraayaa| brAhmaNoM ne bhI jinabhaktivaza tathA cakravartI bharata kI anumati se utsava kiyaa| jinezvara tathA cakravartI rAjA bharata ke prati zraddhAvaza rAje-mahArAje vahA~ (stUpa ke nikaTa) barAbara ekatra hone lge| Adityayaza Adi bharata ke vaMzajoM ne brAhmaNoM ko suvarNasUtra pradAna kiye| isa 1. mUla grantha meM, kathAkAra ne, vedoccAraNa meM skhalana hone para, mandira se bAhara nikala kara phira bhItara jAne kI sthiti ke kisI spaSTa kAraNa kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai. phira bhI yaha anamAna sahaja hI kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vedAbhyAsI brAhmaNa bAlakoM ke nimitta, vedapATha meM skhalana hone para, kucha dera ke lie mandira se bAhara nikala jAne kA niyama nirdhArita hogaa| le.

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324 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA prakAra, Aryaveda aura brAhmaNoM kI utpatti prathama cakravartI bharata ke samaya huii| yaha zrAvaka-prajJaptimUlaka veda kAlakrama se saMkSipta ho gayA aura thor3e aMzoM meM loka-pracalita rhaa| __upAdhyAya brahmadatta ne apane gautamagotrIya ziSya skandila (caritanAyaka vasudeva) ko Aryaveda kI utpatti batAkara anAryaveda kI bhI utpatti-kathA (somazrIlambha: pR. 185) khii| yaha kathA bhI kaI anta:kathAoM se saMvalita hai tathA viSayavastu kI dRSTi se paryApta rocaka aura camatkArI hai| anAryaveda Aryaveda ke ThIka viparIta hiMsAmUlaka veda thaa| cedideza kI zuktimatI nagarI meM kSIrakadamba nAmaka upAdhyAya thaa| usake putra kA nAma parvataMka thaa| vahIM nArada nAma kA brAhmaNa aura vasu nAma kA rAjaputra rahatA thaa| ye sabhI upAdhyAya ke ziSyoM ke sAtha Aryaveda par3hate the| eka samaya, jabaki deza kI avasthA bahuta sukhamaya aura anukUla thI, kSIrakadamba ke ghara do sAdhu bhikSA ke lie aaye| unameM eka atizaya jJAnI thaa| uname dUsare sAdhu se kahA : "ye jo tIna AdamI (parvataka, nArada aura vasu) haiM, unameM eka to rAjA hogA, dUsarA narakagAmI hogA aura tIsarA devaloka kA adhikArI hogaa|" kSIrakadamba ne isa bAta ko pracchanna rUpa se suna liyaa| usake mana meM cintA huI : "vasu to rAjA hogA, lekina parvataka aura nArada, ina donoM meM, patA nahIM kauna nArakI hogA?" isake bAda usane eka kRtrima bakare kA nirmANa kiyA aura kRSNapakSa kI aSTamI tithi kI rAtri meM nArada ko Adeza diyA ki vaha ise janazUnya sthAna meM le jAkara isakA vadha kara de| kintu, bakare ko avadhya mAnakara tathA devadRSTi, vanaspatiyoM kI sacetanatA evaM AtmadRSTi ke AdhAra para kahIM bhI janazUnyatA na dekhakara nArada ne guru ke Adeza-pAlana meM apanI asamarthatA dikhlaaii| upAdhyAya usapara bahuta prasanna hue| isake bAda, dUsarI rAta ko, upAdhyAya ne apane putra parvataka ko pUrvavat Adeza diyaa| parvataka ne galI ko sUnA jAnakara, vahA~ zastra se usa bakare kA vadha kara diyaa| isapara upAdhyAya ne usakI adUradarzitA para use bahuta pratAr3anA dI aura usake narakagAmI hone kI sambhAvanA bhI vyakta kii| nArada upAdhyAya kSIrakadamba kI pUjA karake apane sthAna ko calA gayA aura upAdhyAya, mAtA-sahita parvataka ko rAjA vasu ke jimme sauMpakara vArdhakyavaza paralokagAmI ho gyaa| upAdhyAya kSIrakadamba kI mRtyu ke bAda parvataka ne apane pitA kI gaddI sNbhaalii| nArada ahiMsAvAdI thA, isalie vaha 'ajairyaSTavyam' (prA. 'ajehiM jatiyavvaM) kA artha mAnatA thA dhAnya (vrIhi-yava) se yajJa karanA caahie| kintu, parvataka hiMsAvAdI thA, isalie vaha aja kA sIdhA abhidhArtha bakarA mAnatA thaa| isalie, nArada aura parvataka apane anuyAyiyoM-sahita do pakSoM meM ba~Ta gaye the| parvataka ke pakSa-samarthana meM, rAjA vasu ne bhI upAdhyAya kSIrakadamba kA havAlA dekara, 'aja' kA artha bakarA btaayaa| rAjA vasu uparicara thaa| usakA siMhAsana jamIna se Upara hI rahatA thaa| kathAkAra ne isa bAta kA rahasyabhedana kiyA hai| vastusthiti yaha thI ki rAjA vasu pAradarzI sphaTika patthara para pratiSThita siMhAsana para baiThatA thaa| patthara ko A~kha se na dekha sakane ke kAraNa usakI prajA samajhatI thI kI rAjA nirAdhAra adhara meM, siMhAsana para baiThA hai| jo ho, guru kA nAma lekara jhUTha bolane ke kAraNa tatkSaNa satya ke pakSadhara devoM se Ahata siMhAsana jamIna para A par3A aura vasu kA vinAza ho gyaa| rAjA vasu ke ATha putroM ko bhI kramaza: devoM ne vinaSTa kara diyaa| isI samaya madhupiMgala ke vartamAna bhava kA jIva mahAkAladeva apane pratinAyaka rAjA sagara se pUrvabhava kA pratizodha lene kI bhAvanA se zANDilyasvAmI brAhmaNa kA rUpa dharakara, parvataka ke

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 325 sAtha A milaa| usane parvataka ko vidyA sikhAnA prArambha kiyA aura pazuvadha ke mantroM kI racanA kii| zANDilya aura parvataka ke mantroM kA prabhAva logoM para pUrI taraha par3a gyaa| isake bAda mahAkAladeva ne rAjA sagara ke deza sAketa meM bhayaMkara mahAmArI phailA dii| rAjA sagara ko sUcanA milI ki cedideza meM zAnti karanevAle brAhmaNa rahate haiN| rAjA ke prArthanA karane para zANDilya aura parvataka sAketa phuNce| unhoMne vahA~ pazuvadha ke dvArA zAntikarma kiyaa| isI krama meM Abhiyogika devoM ne sagara ko apane rUpa dikhAte hue kahA ki pahale hama pazu the| parvatakasvAmI ne mantroM dvArA hamArA vadha kiyA aura hama marakara deva ho gye| sagara ne deva-sAnnidhya prApta karake unase kahA : "maiM jaise sugati prApta karU~, Apa vaisI hI kRpA kreN|" devoM ne sagara se kahA : "rAjyazAsana ke krama meM Apane bahuta pApa kiyA hai, ata: manuSyoM ke svarga jAne ke upAya suneN|" usake bAda unhoMne azvamedha, rAjasUya Adi yajJoM kI vidhi sunAI aura svarga-gamana kA phala bhI khaa| rAjA sagara aura usake sAmantoM tathA purohita vizvabhUti ko ukta yajJoM para zraddhA ho gii| rAjA sagara aura usakI rAnI sulasA azvamedha yajJa meM dIkSita hue aura upAdhyAya vizvabhUti ne unase bahuta sAre jIvoM kA vadha karavAyA aura anta meM rAnI sulasA se kahA : "yajJa ke ghor3e se yoni kA sparza kraao| tabhI tuma pApamukta hokara svargagAminI bnogii|" isake bAda mahAkAladeva ne rAnI ko pakar3a liyA aura svayaMvara meM usake dvArA tyAga . kiye gaye madhupiMgala kA smaraNa dilaayaa| mRdula svabhAvavAlI rAnI sulasA tIvra vedanA se utpIDita hokara mara gaI aura nAgarAja dharaNa kI agramahiSI ke rUpa meM punarjanma grahaNa kiyaa| isake bAda rAjA sagara ko rAjasUya yajJa meM dIkSita kiyA gyaa| hiMsAvirodhI nArada ke kathanAnusAra rAjaputra divAkaradeva gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama-kSetra kI gaMgA meM yajJa-sAmagrI pheMkane lgaa| zANDilya se rAjA sagara ne pUchA : "yajJasAmagrI kA apaharaNa kauna kara rahA hai ?" zANDilya ne kahA : "devatA kI prasannatA kA sahana na kara sakanevAle rAkSasa yajJa-sAmagrI kA apaharaNa kara rahe haiN|" taba, yajJa kI rakSA ke nimitta RSabhasvAmI kI pratimA sthApita kI gii| anta meM, yathArUpa Ayojita yajJa meM prANiyoM kA vipula vadha dekhakara divAkaradeva aura nArada donoM taTastha ho gye| tadanantara, zANDilya ne rAjA sagara se vibhinna prakAra ke asaMkhya prANiyoM kA vadha karavAyA aura mRta prANiyoM ke zarIra ko kIcar3a-bharI bAvalI meM DalavA diyaa| jaba mRta prANI-samudAya ke zarIra sar3akara miTTI bana gaye, taba unakI haDDiyoM ko bInakara nikalavA diyA aura usase IMTeM banavAkara puruSapramANa U~cI yajJavedI taiyAra krvaaii| prayAga aura pratiSThAna (jhUsI) ke bIca gaMgAtaTa para banI isa yajJavedI meM bakaroM, ghor3oM aura manuSyoM ko kATa-kATakara unacAsa dinoM taka havana kiyA gyaa| pratidina pA~ca-pA~ca prANiyoM kA adhika vadha kiyA gyaa| phira, zANDilya ke dUsare Adeza ke anusAra, pratyeka cAra zAma para pA~ca-pA~ca aura adhika jIvoM kI hatyA kI gii| dakSiNA ke lobha meM Aye bahuta sAre brAhmaNa parvataka aura zANDilya kI prazaMsA karane lge| anta meM, zANDilya aura parvataka ne milakara rAjA sagara ke purohita vizvabhUti ko bhI usa yajJAgni meM havana kara diyA aura rAjA sagara para prANaghAtaka vidyAoM kA prayoga karake use mAra ddaalaa| jahA~ yaha yajJa Ayojita huA thA, vahA~ somalatA kI pracuratA thI, usase rasa nikAlakara

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326 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA yajJakartAoM ne somapAna kiyaa| cU~ki yahA~ somavallI kA chedana (dRti = dAraNa ) kiyA gayA thA, isalie loga usa sthAna ko 'dRtiprayAga' kahane lge| mahAkAladeva kA yaha carita paramparAgata rUpa se yahA~ pracalita ho gyaa| aura, zANDilya ke rUpa meM isI mahAkAladeva dvArA prokta pazuvadha yA prANivadha ke mantroM ke anusAra jo grantha-racanA huI, vahI 'anAryaveda' khlaayaa| . isI prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne atharvaveda kI bhI bar3I manoraMjaka utpatti-kathA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 151) upanyasta kI hai| parivrAjaka yAjJavalkya ke avaidha putraM pippalAda ne hiMsAmUlaka isa veda kI racanA kii| isane apanI ajJAta parivrAjikA mAtA sulasA kI ziSyA nandA ke SoSyatva meM pahale akSara jor3anA sIkhA thA, bAda meM aMga-upAMga sahita vedoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| eka dina udyAna meM, bAlyabhAva ke kAraNa lar3ate-jhagar3ate hue pippalAda se nandA ne kahA : "dUsare se paidA hue tuma mere lie bAdhaka bana gaye ho|" yaha sunakara pippalAda ne nandA se pUchA : "mA~, maiM kisakA putra hU~ ?" "mere putra ho|" nandA ne khaa| pippalAda ne sacAI jAnane ke lie jaba punaH Agraha kiyA, taba nandA ne usakI utpatti kI satyakathA kaha dii| phalataH, vaha apane mAtA-pitA ke prati dveSabhAva se bhara uThA aura usI dviSTa mana:sthiti meM usane atharvaveda kI racanA kI, jisameM mAtRmedha, pitRmedha aura abhicAra-mantroM kA viniyoga kiyaa| phalata:, vaha veda atizaya lokapriya aura samRddha ho gyaa| apanI abhinava buddhi se pitA ko bhI parAjita karanevAlA pippalAda ne atharvaveda kI na kevala racanA kI, apitu apane pitA aura mAtA kI jaghanya hatyA karake pitRmedha aura mAtRmedha ko prayogika kRtArthatA bhI pradAna kii| pippalAda kA vardalI nAmaka eka ziSya bhI thA, jo atharvaveda kA jJAtA hokara use brAhmaNoM ko par3hAtA thaa| isa atharvaveda kI kathA kA pravaktA koI deva thaa| usase jaba vidyAdharaputroM ne prazna kiyA thA, taba usane atharvaveda kI utpatti kI mUlakathA sunAI thii| kathA kA vivaraNa (tatraiva, pR. 151) isa prakAra hai : jaba cArudatta seTha aura amitagati vidyAdhara paraspara AlApa-saMlApa kara rahe the, tabhI prazasta rUpavAlA, rucira AbharaNoM se bhUSita nirmala vastradhArI tejasvI deva vahA~ aayaa| vaha cArudatta ko dekhakara harSita huA aura 'paramaguru ke lie namaskAra' kahate hue usane usakI vandanA kii| bAda meM usane amitagati (vidyAdhara sAdhu) kI vandanA kii| taba vahA~ upasthita vidyAdhara sAdhu ke putroM ne deva se pUchA : "pahale sAdhu kI vandanA karanI cAhie yA zrAvaka kI? isameM kauna-sA krama ucita hai ?" deva ne kahA : "pahale sAdhu kI vandanA karanI cAhie, taba zrAvaka kii| yahI krama hai| kintu, bhakti ke prati pragADha anurakti ke kAraNa maiM krama ke nirvAha meM cUka gyaa| maiMne inhIM cArusvAmI kI kRpA se devazarIra pAyA hai aura Rddhi kI bhI upalabdhi kI hai|" isa sambandha meM vidyAdhara sAdhu ke putroM dvArA aura Age jijJAsA karane para deva ne batAyA : "bakare ke bhava meM cArusvAmI ne hI mujhe dharma meM niyojita kiyA thaa| phalata:, mujhe jAtismaraNa ho AyA, jisase mujhe pichale chaha janmoM kI ghaTanAe~ pratyakSa ho aaiiN| pahale maiM atharvavedokta mantroM ke prayoga ke krama meM pA~ca bAra homAgni meM jalakara marA / chaThI bAra mujhe vyApAriyoM ne (ye vyApArI suvarNadvIpa ke yAtrI the, jinameM cArusvAmI bhI, daiva-durvipAka se sammilita thA) mAra ddaalaa|" __isI krama meM jaba vidyAdharaputroM ne deva se pUchA ki atharvaveda kisa prakAra utpanna huA aura kisane kiyA, taba deva ne yathApUrvokta anAryaveda kI paramparA meM hI atharvaveda kI utpatti kI kathA

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 327 ko jor3ate hue kahA : "mahAkAla nAmaka parama adhArmika deva thaa| cU~ki, use (sulasA dvArA usakI upekSApUrvaka rAjA sagara ko varaNa kara lene ke kAraNa) rAjA sagara ke prati dveSa thA, isalie use naraka-gamana ke kAraNabhUta pazuvadha ke lie protsAhita kiyaa| paramparA-krama se isa pazuvadha kI prathA ko pippalAda ne grahaNa kiyA aura usane pazuvadha (prANivadha) ke siddhAnta ko zAstrIya rUpa dene ke lie atharvaveda kI racanA kii|" saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita vedoM kI uparyukta utpatti-kathA se purAyugIna vedAbhyAsa kI prathA kI sUcanA ke alAvA vaidika saMskAra-sambandhI aura bhI aneka AyAmoM kA saMketa milatA hai| prathama to veda kI apauruSeyatA kA khaNDana kathAkAra kA mukhya lakSya hai| isake atirikta, veda kI sRSTi ko jo udAtta garimAmayI bhUmi brAhmaNa-paramparA meM milatI hai, usako yahA~ yatkiMcit mUlya bhI nahIM diyA gayA hai| kathAkAra ke anusAra, Aryaveda ahiMsAmUlaka hai aura anArya tathA atharvaveda hiMsAmUlaka / ina tInoM vedoM kI racanA bhI nikRSTa pratikriyA-svarUpa hI huI hai| kautUhalavaza rAjA bharata ke darzana karanevAloM kI bhIr3a bhojanazAlA meM ghusa jAtI thI, isalie una bhojanArthI kutUhaliyoM ko niyantrita aura anuzAsita karane ke lie paramarSiyoM dvArA Aryaveda kI sRSTi kI gaI ! yaha vedavidyA eka taraha se tapa, zIla aura zikSA kI nyUnAdhikatA ke AdhAra para, bharata dvArA tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita una kutUhalI brAhmaNoM kI AcArasaMhitA thI, jinhoMne prANivadha na karane kI pratijJA kara rakhI thii| isIlie, unheM 'mAhaNa' (mA-hana = hiMsA na karanevAlA) zabda se saMjita kiyA gyaa| prAkRta meM 'brAhmaNa' ko 'baMbhaNa' ke atirikta 'mAhaNa' bhI kahate haiM aura zabdazAstrajJa kathAkAra ne 'mAhaNa' kI zleSamUlaka nirukti meM apanI zAbdika vyutpannatA kA zAstrIya paricaya diyA hai| anAryaveda to strI kI aprApti se utpanna kAmamUlaka yA vAsanAparaka pratikriyA se udbhUta huA, jo nAma ke anusAra hI nizcaya hI eka jaghanyatama veda hai| isameM bhI prasiddha zleSagarbha vedamantra 'ajairyaSTavyam' kA pazuhiMsAparaka artha karanevAloM ne asaMkhya prANiyoM ke vadha dvArA hiMsAvRtti ko parAkASThA ke bhI pAra pahuMcA diyA hai| eka pratinAyaka ko pratikriyAvaza naraka bhejane ke upAya kA yaha adbhuta udAharaNa hai| abhicAramantraparaka atharvaveda kI utpatti, eka avaidha santAna kI apane tathAkathita mAtA-pitA ke prati pratihiMsA-bhAvanA se huI, jo anAryaveda kI paramparA kI hI eka kar3I thii| isa prakAra, vedoM kI utpatti ko hiMsA aura vAsanA kI pRSThabhUmi para AdhRta dikhalAkara yathArthavAdI yugacetA kathAkAra ne usa yuga meM vaidika yajJa ke nAma para dambhI aura pAkhaNDI brAhmaNoM aura purohitoM dvArA kiye jAnevAle lomaharSaka krUratama dhArmika anAcAroM kA, kathA ke mAdhyama se, prabhAvakArI saMketa kiyA hai| sAtha hI, 'vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati' ke samarthaka mImAMsakoM para apanI ghora anAsthA vyakta kI hai| avazya hI, yaha vaidika saMskAra sAmAjika jIvana ko adha:patana kI ora le jAnevAlA hai| vaidika svairAcAroM ke prati sahaja pratikriyAzIla kathAkAra ne rAjasUya aura azvamedhayajJa ke nAma para Ayojita naramedha kA bhI hRdayadrAvaka prasaMgodbhAvana kiyA hai / usa samaya ke brAhmaNa-purohita

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328 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA svarga le calane kA pralobhana dekara ukta bar3e-bar3e yajJoM kA Ayojana karavAte the| azvamedha yajJa meM ghor3e dvArA yoni ke sparzakI vaidika prathA ko bhI kathAkAra ne kutsita aura upahAsAspada batAyA hai| dakSiNA ke lobha meM upasthita hokara hiMsAmUlaka yajJoM aura yajJakartAoM kA samarthana karanevAle brAhmaNoM kI ora bhI kathAkAra ne kuTila bhRkuTipAta kiyA hai / vedoM aura brAhmaNoM kI utpatti ko bharatakAlIna mAnakara kathAkAra ne unheM aitihAsika dRSTi se kAlabaddha kiyA hai| aura isa prakAra, usane vedoM ke anAditva ko asiddha karake, 'brAhmaNo'stha mukhamAsId' jaise vAkyoM dvArA brAhmaNoM kI jAtigata zreSThatA ko ghoSita karanevAlI vaidika mAnyatA kA bhI avamUlyana kara diyA hai| isake atirikta, somazrI ko vedajJA ke rUpa meM prastuta karake 'na strIzUdrau vedamadhIyAtAm' jaise saMkIrNatAmUlaka karmakANDIya vizvAsarUDhi kA bhI nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| zUdra ke bhI veda par3hane aura brAhmaNI se vivAha karake usake lokapUjita hone kA ullekha kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| magadha-janapada ke acalagrAma kA dharaNijaDa nAmaka brAhmaNa jaba apane putroM ko veda par3hAtA thA, tabhI brAhmaNa kI dAsI kapilikA kA putra kapilaka bhI use hRdaya se dhAraNa karatA thaa| eka dina vedapATha kA adhikArI na hone kA apamAna sahana na kara sakane ke kAraNa vaha ratnapura nagara calA gyaa| vahA~ apane ko brAhmaNa batAkara usane sAtyaki nAmaka vedapAThI brAhmaNa ke ziSyoM kA upAdhyAyatva prApta kara liyaa| eka dina, sAtyaki ne santuSTa hokara apanI putrI satyabhAmA use de dii| isake bAda vaha (kapila) krama se lokapUjita aura vaibhavazAlI ho gayA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 320) / 1. azvamedha yajJa bahuvyayasAdhya thaa| isakA Ayojana cakravartI rAjA hI karate the| yaha yajJa bhAratIya prAcIna yuga kI apAra samRddhi kA bhI saMketaka hai| vAlmIkirAmAyaNa ke caudahaveM sarga meM dazaratha-kRta azvamedha yajJa kA varNana vistAra se diyA gayA hai| usa yajJa meM rAnI kauzalyA ne tIna kRpANoM se rAjA dazaratha ke uttama ghor3e kA vadha kiyA thA aura usa mare hue ghor3e ke liMga ko apanI yoni meM DAlakara dharmakAmanA se vaha eka rAta rahI thii| zloka isa prakAra hai : pazUnAM trizataM tatra yUpeSu niyataM tadA / azvaratnottamaM tatra rAjJo dazarathasya ha (ca) // 32 // kausalyA taM hayaM tatra paricarya samantataH / / kRpANoviMzazAsenaM tribhiH paramayA mudA // 33 // patatriNA tadA sAdhaM susthitena ca cetasA / avasadrajanImekAM kausalyA dharmakAmyayA // 34 // hotAdhvaryustathodgAtA hayena (hastena) samayojayan / 'mahiSyA parivRttyAtha vAvAtAmaparAM tathA // 35 // patatriNastasya vapAmuddhRtya niyatendriya / RtvikparamasampannaH zrapayAmAsa zAstrataH // 36 // isa prasaMga meM cautIsaveM zloka ke kartha ko spaSTa karate hue 'govindarAjIyarAmAyamabhUSaNa' TIkA ke kartA ne likhA hai : "tadA vizasanottarakAle kausalyA dharmakAmyayA dharmasiddhIcchayA. . . susthitena susthireNa cetasAupalakSitA satI zavasparzakatsArahitA satItyarthaH patatriNA azvena sArdhamekAM rajanImavasata / " isI krama meM, azvamedha yajJa kI isa zAstrIya vidhi ke sAmAnyIkaraNa ke krama meM TIkAkAra ne kahA hai : "yatra sUtraM 'ambe ambAlyambike' iti japantI mahiSyazvamupasaGgamya 'gaNAnAM tvA gaNapatiM havAmahe' ityabhimantrya 'utsakthyorgudaM dhehi' iti prajanane prajananaM snnidhaayopvishti....|" -vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : vAlmIkirAmAyaNa, prakAzaka evaM mudraka : Ai. es. desAI, gujarAtI priNTiMga presa, saisUna bilDiMgsa, phorTa bambaI, saMskaraNa, san 1912 ii.|

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vasadevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 329 saMghadAsagaNI ne yajJarakSA ke sambandha meM eka aura mahattvapUrNa bAta kI sUcanA dI hai| purAkAla meM rAkSasa loga RSi-muniyoM dvArA Ayojita zAnti-nimittaka yajJa kA vidhvaMsa karate the, kintu 'vasudevahiNDI' meM hiMsAmUlaka rAjasUya yajJa kA vinAza ahiMsAvAdiyoM ke dvArA karAyA gayA hai| sabase bar3I pAkhaNDapUrNa viDambanA to yaha hai ki hiMsAvAdI yajJakartA, yajJarakSA ke nimitta RSabhasvAmI jaise ahiMsopadezaka tIrthaMkara kI pratibhA kI sthApanA karake unake samakSa nirvighna bhAva se hiMsAyajJa . karate haiM aura aisI sthiti meM ahiMsA ke samarthaka nArada aura divAkaradeva sahaja hI tATasthya-bhAva apanA lete haiN| Aja bhI aneka loga ahiMsAdharma ke lie prANa nichAvara karanevAle mahAtmA gAndhI kI pratimA sthApita karake, usakI Ar3a meM aneka prakAra ke hiMsAkAryoM ko prAzraya aura protsAhana dete haiN| aura, una hiMsAjIviyoM kI nRzaMsatA ke samakSa ahiMsAvAdI mauna rahanA hI zreyaskara samajhate haiN| ___ saMghadAsagaNI ne vedoM ke jJAtAoM kI parIkSA-sabhA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM bar3e-bar3e vRddha vedapAraga bhI bhAga lete the| kathA (somazrIlambha : pR. 193) hai ki eka dina, somazrI ke icchuka vedajJoM kI parIkSA-sabhA Ayojita huii| jaba vedajJoM ko yaha mAlUma huA ki magadhanivAsI gautamagotrIya skandila (vasudeva) nAma kA brAhmaNa, jo brahmadatta upAdhyAya kA ziSya hai, sabhA meM upasthita hai, taba kisI ko bhI parIkSA meM utarane kA sAhasa nahIM huaa| pUrI pariSad samudra kI bhA~ti sthira aura mauna ho gii| grAmapradhAna ne ghoSaNA kI : "yadi koI bolane kA utsAha nahIM dikhalAtA, to sabhI brAhmaNa jaise padhAre haiM, vaise hI vidA hoM, phira se sammelana kA Ayojana hogaa|" taba vasudeva ne kahA : "adhikRta puruSa prazna kareM, kadAcit maiM uttara de skuuN|" prazna pUche jAne para vasudeva ne askhalita bhAva se veda kA sasvara pATha kiyA aura usakA avitatha rUpa se paramArtha bhI btaayaa| - taba, grAmapradhAna ne phira ghoSita kiyA : "he vedapArago ! suneM / vedavidyA kA adhyayana jinhoMne kiyA hai, ve isa sabhA meM upasthita vedapAraga vRddhoM ke samakSa AyeM aura praznoM kA uttara deN|" phira, sabhA kI vahI pUrvavat sthiti rhii| pUrI pariSad ko mauna dekha upAdhyAya ne vasudeva se kahA : praznoM kA uttara dekara kanyAratna prApta kro|" vasudeva uThakara khar3e hue| unhoMne jina-pratimAoM ko praNAma nivedita kiyaa| kaumudIyukta candramA ke samAna gale meM zobhita zubhra yajJopavIta se pavitra vasudeva ko parIkSA-sabhA meM upasthita logoM ne AdarapUrvaka dekhaa| usake bAda vasudeva ne vedapAraga vRddhoM se kahA : "jahA~ saMzaya ho, yA jahA~ jo pUchanA ho, pUche / " vasudeva kI gambhIra nirghoSapUrNa vANI sunakara parIkSA-sabhA ke loga vismita hokara bole : "isane to prazna ke adhikAra kA sammAna kiyA hai aura isakI vANI ke viSaya aura akSara bilakula spaSTa haiN|" vRddha vedapAragoM ne vasudeva se pUchA : "priyadarzana ! kaho, veda kA paramArtha kyA hai?" vasudeva ne uttara diyA : "nairuktikoM ne kahA hai ki 'vida jJAne' dhAtu se veda banA hai| jo use jAnatA hai yA usase jAnatA hai yA usameM jAnatA hai, use veda kahate haiN| amithyAvAdI artha hI usakA paramArtha hai|" vasudeva ke uttara se santuSTa hote hue vedapAraga vRddhoM ne pUchA : "veda kA kyA phala hai ?" vasudeva ne uttara diyA : "vizeSa jJAna (vijJAna) hI usakA phala hai|" ___ isake bAda vasudeva aura vRddha vedapAragoM meM lambA praznottara huA : 'vijJAna kA kyA phala hai?' 'virati / ' 'virati kA kyA phala hai?' 'virati kA phala saMyama hai|' 'saMyama kA kyA

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330 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA phala hai?' 'anAsrava' / 'anAsrava kA kyA phala hai?' 'tapasyA' / 'tapasyA kA kyA phala hai?' 'nirjarA' / 'nirjarA kA kyA phala hai?' 'kevalajJAna kI prApti hI nirjarA kA phala hai|' 'kevalajJAna, kA kyA phala hai?' 'akriyA' / akriyA kA kyA phala hai?' 'ayoga' / 'ayoga kA phala kyA hai?' vRddhapAragoM ke isa prazna kA uttara dete hue vasudeva ne kahA : 'ayoga kA phala hai siddhi (mukti)-sthAna meM gamana aura nirbAdha sukh|' vasudeva ke ina uttaroM se sabhI vedapAraga santuSTa ho gye| pariSad ke pradhAnoM dvArA eka sAtha uccarita sAdhuvAda se AkAza gUMja utthaa| grAmapradhAna ne to vasudeva ko taiMtIsa devatAoM meM anyatama ghoSita kiyA aura vastrAbhUSaNoM se sammAnita bhii| zarta ke anusAra, grAmapradhAna kI putrI somazrI ne vasudeva ko pati ke rUpa meM pAkara sanAthatA kA anubhava kiyaa| prastuta kathA sandarbha meM kathAkAra ne jainadarzana kA sAra samAviSTa kara diyA hai aura zramaNa-paramparA ke Aryaveda kA gUDhArtha bhI upanyasta kiyA hai| yahA~ kathAkAra ne 'veda-pariSad' kA jaisA citra khIMcA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki usa yuga kI sabhAe~ sacce artha meM jJAnavarddhinI hotI thIM aura unameM adhikArI vidvAn bar3e ThATa-bATa se sajjita hokara bhAga lete the aura zAstrArtha ke krama meM ziSTatA aura sabhyatA kA tato'dhika paricaya dete the| sabhAoM meM udghoSaka bhI hote the, jo sabhA kA samyak saMcAlana karate the tathA sabhA ke prArambha hone aura usake samApta hone kI bhI yathAsamaya ghoSaNA karate the| vijetAoM ko sAdhuvAda se sammAnita to kiyA hI jAtA thA, unheM vastrAbhUSaNoM kA upahAra bhI diyA jAtA thaa| kahanA na hogA ki purAyuga meM Ayojita honevAlI vibhinna niravadya kalA-goSThiyoM aura pariSadoM meM 'veda-pariSad' kA bhI apanA ullekhanIya sthAna thaa| isalie , kadAcit saMghadAsagaNI ne vedAbhyAsa aura vedazikSA se sambaddha bhAratIya saMskAra ke sandarbha meM bahuta hI gambhIra, sAtha hI vizada aura hRdayAvarjaka UhApoha upasthApita kiyA hai| vivAha-saMskAra : ___bhAratIya sAmAjika jIvana meM vivAha-saMskAra kA pAryantika mahattva hai| dAmpatya-jIvana kA mUla vivAha hI hai| isIlie, brAhmaNa-paramparA ke vedoM meM gArhapatyAgni kA sambandha strIsukha se jor3A gayA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI vivAha-saMskAra para vividhatA aura vicitratA ke sAtha prabhUta prakAza DAlA hai| vasudeva kA vidyAdhArI nIlayazA mAtaMgakanyA ke sAtha jisa samaya vivAha huA thA, usa samaya kA apUrva ramaNIya citra (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 179-180) saMghadAsagaNI ne prastuta kiyA hai : kSaNabhara meM pratIhArI aaii| usane aura bhI paricArikAoM ke sAtha milakara saiMkar3oM utsavoM ke sAtha vasudeva ko snAna kraayaa| usake bAda vaha unheM apane nagara meM le gii| vasudeva ko dekhakara unake rUpAtizaya se vismita loga prazaMsA karane lage : "yaha to manuSya nahIM haiM, koI deva haiN|" vasudeva rAjabhavana meM pahu~ce, jahA~ arghya se unakI pUjA kI gii| vahA~ se ve bhavana ke bhItarI bhAga (garbhagRha) meM phuNce| vahA~ unheM siMhAsana para baiThA rAjA siMhadaMSTra dikhAI pdd'aa| vasudeva ne use zreSTha puruSa samajhakara usake samakSa aMjali baaNdhii| prasatramukha rAjA ne Asana se uThakara unheM apanI bA~hoM meM bhara liyaa| usake bAda usane yathopanIta Asana para unheM bar3e Adara ke sAtha baitthaayaa| vidyAdhara-vRddhoM ne AzIrvAda diye aura purohita ne puNyAhavAcana kiyaa| tadanantara, siMhadaMSTra kI putrI nIlayazA vahA~ aaii| vaha, dizAdeviyoM se ghirI huI pRthvI kI bhA~ti, sakhiyoM se ghirI huI thii| haMsadhavala rezamI vastra tathA kImatI gahane pahane huI vaha nIlamegha meM navacandra kI kiraNarekhA kI taraha suzobhita thii| usake jUr3e meM ujale phUla, dUrvA aura pravAla

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 331 guMthe hue the| nIlayazA ko upasthita dekhakara jyotiSI ne rAjA se kahA : "samprati, zubha nimitta aura sundara muhUrta hai, svAmipAda (vasudeva) ke sAtha nIlayazA kA pANigrahaNa karA diijie|" tabhI, saikar3oM bAje baja utthe| suhAgina striyA~ gIta gAne lgiiN| sUta aura mAgadha prazasti-pATha karane lge| vasudeva maNDapa (vivAha-maNDapa) meM upasthita hue| snAnapITha taiyAra kiyA gyaa| kanyApakSa ke sambandhI jana nIlayazA ko bhI vahA~ le Aye / nikAyavRddhoM aura sadhavA striyoM ne ('nikAyavuDDehiM avihavAhi ya) sugandhita jala se bhare svarNakalazoM se (vara-vadhU kA ) abhiSeka kiyaa| mantrajJa purohitoM ne agni meM havana kiyA / rAjakumArI nIlayazA ne vasudeva kA hAtha pkdd'aa| donoM ne agni kI pradakSiNA kii| aMjali bharakara lAvA chiiNttaa| AzIrvAkya kahe gye| usake bAda vasudeva ne bhI haMsadhavala rezamI vastra phne| phira, prekSAgRha meM vara-vadhU ko baiThAkara unakA viziSTa saMskAra kiyA gyaa| sone kA dIpaka jalAyA gyaa| usake bAda paricArikAoM ne vara-vadhU ko zayanagRha meM praveza kraayaa| vasudeva maNiratnakhacita, saurabhasikta, mAlAoM se alaMkRta, mRdula bichAvana se susajjita, gaMgA ke pulinataTa kI bhA~ti ramaNIya tathA pAdapITha kI sIDhiyoM se yukta palaMga para cddh'e| ratisukha se sanAtha vasudeva kI rAtri sukhapUrvaka biitii| prastuta kathA-sandarbha meM, prAcIna yuga meM pracalita, vivAha ke prArambhika upakrama se suhAgarAta taka kI vidhiyoM ke varNanoM ko samAsita kiyA gayA hai| varNana ke krama meM hI vivAhakAlIna aura bhI aneka sAmAjika saMskRtiyoM ke ujjvala citra udbhAvita hue haiN| usa kAla meM yatra-tatra bhramaNa karake Ane para snAna ke pazcAt hI ghara meM praveza karane kA sAmAnya niyama thaa| isIlie, vasudeva ko snAna karAne ke bAda hI rAjabhavana meM le jAyA gayA thaa| viziSTa atithiyoM ko snAna prAya: dAsiyA~ hI karAtI thiiN| sasura kI ora se vara kA virAT svAgata kiyA jAtA thaa| vivAha meM sapheda rezamI vastra aura sapheda phUla bhI maMgalasUcaka samajhe jAte the| vara-vadhU ko prekSAgRha (nATyazAlA) meM baiThAkara unakA prasAdhana kiyA jAtA thaa| vivAha-muhUrta ke nirdhAraNa meM jyotiSiyoM kA kathana pramANa mAnA jAtA thaa| vivAha ke maMgalamaya avasara para nikAyavRddha AzIrvAda dete the aura purohita puNyAhavAcana karate the| maMgalagIta gAne ke lie sadhavA striyA~ hI adhikRta thiiN| sadhavA striyA~ aura nikAyavRddha milakara hI vara-vadhU kA abhiSeka karate the| agni kI pradakSiNA karane aura aMjali meM bharakara lAvA chIMTane tathA sone ke dIpaka jalAne kI vidhi bhI pracalita thii| suhAgarAta manAne ke lie zayanagRha kI zAnadAra sajAvaTa kI jAtI thii| maNiyoM aura mAlAoM, se alaMkRta karake use gandhadravyoM se sikta kiyA jAtA thaa| U~cI sohAga-zayyA para mRdula bichAvana bichAyA jAtA thA, jisapara vara-vadhU ke ArohaNa ke lie ramaNIya pIdapITha kI sIr3hiyA~ lagAI jAtI thiiN| isa prakAra, usa yuga meM vivAha 1. yahA~ kathAkAra ne dhArmika saMskAroM ke avasaroM para purohitoM dvArA tIna bAra 'puNyAham' (yaha zubhadivasa hai) ke uccArama karane ke yathApracalita vidhAna kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| 'vAziSThI havanapaddhati' meM yajamAna aura brAhmaNa ke uttarapratyuttara ke rUpa meM 'puNyAhavAcana' kA vizada ullekha huA hai / eka udAharaNa : yajamAno brUyAt bAmyaM puNyamaharyacca sRssttyutpaadnkaarkm| vedavRkSodbhavaM puNyaM tatpuNyAhaM buvantunaH // brAhmaNAH- 'oM puNyAham' iti tri--yuH|

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332 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ke avasara para vizAla sAMskRtika vaibhava kA pradarzana hotA thA / vivAha kI ghar3I meM mantrajJa purohita havana karate the aura upAdhyAya mantrita darbhayukta hAthoM se sone kI jhArI lekara siddhArthodaka (sarSapa - mizrita jala) se vara kA abhiSeka bhI karate the / vivAha ke samaya sarvArthasiddhi zilA para vara ko baiThAyA jAtA thaa| vivAha karAnevAle brAhmaNa jaba dhule ujale kapar3e pahanate the, taba unakA puSTa zarIra zveta karNikAra ke kesara kI taraha dipane lagatA thA / kathAkAra ne vivAha - vidhi meM snAna, abhiSeka aura havana-saMskAra para vizeSa Agraha pradarzita kiyA hai| isa prakAra, gandharvadattA ke sAtha vivAha kI velA meM bhI, varakautuka hone ke bAda lagnamaNDapa meM vasudeva ne vidhipUrvakaM agni meM havana kiyA thA ("tao vihiNA huo huyavaho", gandharvadattAlambha : 132) aura maMgalAcArapUrvaka vaha apanI navoDhA patnI ke sAtha garbhagRha meM praviSTa hue the| isase spaSTa hai ki suhAgarAta ke zayana kI vyavasthA garbhagRha meM hI hotI thI aura vara-vadhU mudita mana se prathama milana meM ratisukha prApta karate the / vivAha ke bAda vara-vadhU gRhyasUtrokta vidhi ke anusAra dhruvadarzana karate the| vasudeva dvArA kapilA aura bandhumatI ke sAtha vivAha kI rAtri meM dhruvadarzana karane kA ullekha (kapilAlambha : pR. 200 tathA bandhumatIlambha: pR. 280) saMghadAsagaNI ne kiyA hai / pratyeka patnI ke sAtha vasudeva ke vivAha ke prasaMga meM, vara-vadhU dvArA eka sAtha agni meM havana, agni kI pradakSiNA, lAjAMjali bikheranA, bhojanagRha meM sumadhura bhojana karanA, sukhAsana para baiThakara maMgalagItoM ke sAtha dina bitAnA, maNi aura suvarNadIpa se prakAzita garbhagRha meM jAkara mahArgha zayyA para mudita mana se viSayopabhoga karanA Adi bAtoM kA kathAkAra ne prAya: sAmAnya rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| usa yuga meM upAdhyAyoM dvArA 'tuma donoM kA milana ajara (jarA-rahita) ho', yaha kahakara vara-vadhU ko badhAI dene kI bhI prathA thI / vasudeva ko bhI isI prakAra badhAI milI thIM : " baddhAvio mi uvajjhAeNa 'ajaraM saMgayaM bhavau' tti bhaNateNa (bandhumatIlambha: pR. 280 ) / bahU jaba ghara (sasurAla meM AtI thI, taba use AzIrvAda ke akSata dene ke lie, saparivAra rAjA, brAhmaNoM aura nAgarikoM ko Amantrita karane ke lie unake pAsa vasana- AbhUSaNa se sajjita puruSoM ko bhejA jAtA thaa| pradyumna ne apanI patnI vaidarbhI se jaba vivAha kiyA thA, taba usane svayaM vaidarbhI ko AzIrvAda ke akSata dilavAne ke nimitta rAjA, brAhmaNoM aura nAgarikoM ko Amantrita kiyA thA (pIThikA pR. 100 ) / saMghadAsagaNIne vivAha ke lie adhikatara 'pANigrahaNa' yA phira 'kalyANa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| kanyAoM ko dhArmika dharohara ('dhammanikkhevo; gandharvadattAlambha: pR. 154) mAnA jAtA thA / unhoMne isa bAta kI bhI sUcanA dI hai ki isa yuga meM vivAha ke sambandha meM vara-vadhU ke lie uttama bhaviSyavANI karanevAle jyotiSiyoM ko bahuta sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA thA / vivAha karAnevAle purohita kA bhI apanA hI ThATa-bATa hotA thA / vasudeva kA padmA se jisa samaya vivAha ho rahA thA, usa samaya zAnti nAma kA purohita AyA thaa| usakA zarIra zveta karNikAra ke kesara ke samAna gauravarNa thA; zvetavastra kA uttarAsaMga usane dhAraNa kiyA thA aura mAthe para dUrvAMkura aura mAlatI kA puSpa lagA rakhA thaa| vaha zarIra se puSTa aura gambhIra - madhurabhASI thA / usane Ate hI jayakAra aura AzIrvAda se vasudeva kA varddhApana kiyA thaa| phira, unheM vaha sundara DhaMga se banI maMgalavedI se yukta cAturanta (lagnamaNDapa) meM le gayA thA (padmAlambha : pR. 205) / kathAkAra ne svayaMvara - maNDapa kI sajAvaTa kA bar3A vaibhavazAlI barNana kiyA hai| svayaMvara meM rAjA aura rAjakumAra bar3e ThATa se ('mahayA iDDIe) juTate the / rAjA tripRSTha ke potanapura ke rAjapatha

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 333 se hokara svayaMvara-maNDapa meM padhArane kA varNana atizaya udAtta hai (ketumatIlambha : pR. 314) / rAjA baladeva ne apanI rUpavatI putrI sumati ke lie sau khambhoM vAle svayaMvara-maNDapa kI racanA karAI thI (tatraiva : pR. 327) / usa yuga meM svayaMvara-maNDapa meM kanyAoM ke padhArane kA bhI apanA vaiziSTya thaa| kanyA sumati ne snAna aura balikarma (pUjAvidhi) samApta karake AgrahapUrvaka apane ko alaMkRta kiyA thA aura tane hue zveta chatra ke nIce calatI huI svayaMvara meM upasthita huI thii| svayaMvara meM varamAlA hAtha meM liye hue kanyAoM ke sAtha lipikariyA~ yA lekhikAe~ rahatI thiiN| ve kanyAoM ko, upasthita pratyeka rAjA ke kula, zIla, rUpa aura jJAna ke bAre meM batAtI thiiN| ("tato tAsiM patteyaM livIkarIo kahiMti kulasIlarUvA''game NaravatINaM"; tatraiva : pR. 314; lehiyA se daMsei rAyANo...uttamakula-sIlA''gama-rUvasaMpanne"; rohiNIlambha : pR. 364) / saMghadAsagaNI ne svayaMvara meM upasthita kanyAoM dvArA svAbhIpsita vara ke nirvAcana kI vidhi kA bar3A vizada aura bhavya bimbotpAdaka varNana kiyA hai| do udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta haiM : 1. svayaMvara-maNDapa meM zivikA se donoM kanyAe~, (jyotiSprabhA aura sutArA) utarIM / vismita rAjAoM ne apane sundaratama netrakamaloM se unheM viziSTa bhAva se dekhaa| usake bAda, lipikariyoM ne una donoM kanyAoM ko, upasthita pratyeka rAjA ke kula, zIla, rUpa aura jJAna ke bAre meM batAnA prArambha kiyaa| ve donoM bhI apanI-apanI dRSTi se rAjAoM ko nihAratI huI, pUrva aura pazcima samudra ke pAsa pahu~cI huI gaMgA aura sindhu kI bhA~ti kramaza: amitateja aura zrIvijaya ke nikaTa upasthita huIM aura ve unapara apanI-apanI dRSTi sthira kara khar3I ho giiN| una (rAjaputroM) ke hRdaya meM prasannatA . chA gii| phira, una kanyAoM ne ratna aura phUloM kI mAlAoM se apane-apane vara kI pUjA kii| isapara upasthita rAjAoM ne kahA : "oha ! uttama koTi kA varaNa huA hai ! pAyasa meM ghI kI dhArAe~ girI haiM aura udyama ke sAtha siddhiyA~ A milI haiM (ketumatIlambha : pR. 314) / 2. kaMcukiyoM aura vRddhajanoM se ghirI huI, sampUrNa candrabimba ke AkAravAle chatra ke nIce calatI huI, jisake donoM ora sapheda ca~vara bhI DulAye jA rahe the, dUsarI rati ke samAna rohiNI svayaMvara-bhUmi meM pdhaarii| lekhikA (paricAyikA dAsI) ne kramaza: uttama kula, zIla, zAstrajJAna aura rUpa se sampanna rAjAoM kI ora saMketa karake unakA paricaya denA prArambha kiyaa| usake bAda kamalAkSI, pUrNacandramukhI, payodhara-bhAra se kleza pAtI huI, kamaladala jaise komala pairoM se calatI huI tathA rUpAtizaya ke kAraNa anurakta rAjAoM kI netrapaMkti se parigRhIta rohiNI kI A~kheM una rAjAoM ke prati anAsakta hI rahIM, phira jisa prakAra kuvalayazrI kamalavana kA Azraya letI hai, usI prakAra vaha vasudeva ke pAsa jA lgii| usake bAda usane unake gale meM puSpadAma (puSpamAlA) DAla diyA aura apanI rUparAzi se unake hRdaya ko bhI bA~dha liyA tathA unake mastaka para akSata chIMTakara khar3I ho gaI (rohiNIlambha : pR. 364) / ___yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki ukta lipikariyA~ bar3I pragalbha aura vAkpaTu tathA paNDitA hotI hoMgI, tabhI to ve svayaMvara meM upasthita vibhinna rAjAoM ke sAMskRtika prAmANika paricaya dhArAvAhika rUpa meM prastuta kara pAtI hoNgii| saMghadAsagaNI ne sUcanA dI hai ki svayaMvara ke bAda, zeSa rAjAoM ko sammAnita karake vidA kiyA jAtA thA, kintu kabhI-kabhI kanyA ke pitA aura pati ko svayaMvara meM upasthita kSubdha rAjAoM ke bhayaMkara AkramaNa kA bhI sAmanA karanA par3atA thaa| rohiNI dvArA vasudeva

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334 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ko varaNa kara lene ke bAda rohiNI ke pitA rAjA rudhira ko nirAza kSatriya rAjAoM se bhayAnaka yuddha karanA par3A thaa| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM vivAha ke mAmale meM kanyAoM kI do sthitiyA~ thIM- kucha to svatantra thIM aura kucha paratantra, yAnI pitA ke adhiin| vasudeva apane pUrvabhava meM jaba nandisena ke rUpa meM apane mAmA ke ghara rahakara, mAmA kI gAyoM kI sevA-zuzrUSA meM lage rahate the, tabhI mAmA ne unheM apanI tIna patriyoM meM kisI eka se vivAha karA dene kA AzvAsana diyA thaa| parantu, tInoM putriyoM ne nandisena ke sAtha vivAha karane se sApha inakAra kara diyA thA (zyAmA-vijayAlambha : pR. 115) / isa ghaTanA ke ThIka viparIta, nIlayazA se jaba vasudeva kA vivAha ho gayA, taba vidyAdhara nIlakumAra ne nikAyavRddhoM ke nikaTa apanA abhiyoga upasthita kiyA ki nIlAMjanA kI patrI nIlayazA to pahale se hI mere patra nIlakaNTha ko de dI gaI hai| use hI siMhadaMSTra ne manuSyalokavAsI ko de diyaa| isalie, Apa nyAya kiijie| nikAyavRddhoM ne jaba isa sambandha meM jijJAsA kI, taba nIlAMjanA aura nIlakumAra ne apane bacapana meM khela-hI-khela meM kI gaI vivAha-viSayaka zartabandI kI kahAnI kaha sunaaii| kathA hai ki nIlAMjanA aura nIlakumAra nIlagiri-sthita zakaTAmukhanagara ke vidyAdharanareza nIlandhara kI santAna the| ina donoM ne bacapana meM khela-hI-khela meM yaha bAta pakkI kara lI thI ki hamadonoM kI jo santAneM hoMgI, unakA eka dUsare ke sAtha vivAha kara deNge| nIlakumAra kA abhiyoga sunakara nikAyavRddhoM ne apane nirNaya meM kahA : "kanyAdAna kI yaha zarta ucita nahIM hai| kanyA to pitA ke adhIna hotI hai| pitA ke vinA jAne kanyAdAna kA adhikAra sambhava nahIM hai| ('na jujjai dANaM, kaNNA piuvasA, piuNA avidiNNA na pabhavati kiMci dAuM" nIlayazAlambha : pR. 181) / saMghadAsagaNI ne yaha bhI sUcita kiyA hai ki usa yuga meM, prAya: pitA dvArA hI kanyAdAna karane kA niyama thaa| kathA hai ki sUkSma nAmaka upAdhyAya ne pahale to agni meM havana karAyA, tatpazcAt rAjA abhagnasena (padmA ke pitA) ke dvArA vasudeva se padmA kA pANigrahaNa karAyA (padmAlambha : pR. 205) / isake viparIta, mA~ kI anumati se bhI kanyAdAna hone kI prathA kI ora bhI kathAkAra ne saMketa kiyA hai| cArudatta kA vasantatilakA ke sAtha vivAha vasantatilakA kI mA~ kI anumati se hI ("ammANumaeNa...sa samapio"; gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 143) huA thaa| kintu, yaha vivAha eka vizeSa paristhiti meM hI huA thaa| aura, yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki gaNikAputrI ke lie usakI mAtA hI ekamAtra abhibhAvikA ho sakatI hai| kathAkAra ke varNanAnusAra, yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM mAtAe~ apanI putriyoM ke lie vara (jAmAtA) ke kula ke bAre meM sahaja jijJAsA rakhatI thiiN| padmAvatI kI mA~ ko vasudeva ke kula-vaMza ke bAre meM AzaMkA huI thI aura usane isa sambandha meM jyotiSI se vicAra-vimarza ke lie Agraha kiyA thA (padmAvatIlambhaH pR. 204) / usa yuga meM, jAmAtA ko 'svAmI' yA 'svAmipAda' zabda dvArA sambodhita karane kI prathA thiiN| (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 132) / paliyA~ apane patiyoM ko prAya: 'Aryaputra' zabda se sambodhita karatI thiiN| yoM, choTe-bar3e sambandhiyoM ke lie sAmAnyata: 'Aryamizra', 'Arya', 'tAta', 'vatsa' Adi snehasUcaka yA Adarabodhaka sambodhana-padoM kA vyavahAra pracalita thaa| kumArI striyA~ 'kanyA' aura vivAhitAe~ 'devI' kahalAtI thiiN| rAjakanyAe~

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana jaba yuvatI ho jAtI thIM, taba rAjA unake lie kula, rUpa aura vijJAna ke anukUla varoM kI khoja ke lie apane mantriyoM se parAmarza karate the aura varoM kA cunAva karake usa sambandha meM ucita nirdeza dene kA bhAra bhI mantriyoM ko hI sauMpate the| ("ciMteUNa kula-rUva-viNNANasarisaM se varaM niddisaha tti"; ketumatIlambha : pR. 310) / saMghadAsagaNI ne pitA aura putrI meM bhI vivAha kI vizeSa paristhiti upanyasta kI hai| isa sambandha meM unhoMne eka bar3I ratikara kathA likhI hai, jo brAhmaNa-purANoM meM prasiddha dakSaprajApati kI kathA kA rocaka jaina rUpAntara hai : potanapura kA rAjA dakSa apanI sulakSaNA putrI mRgAvatI ko atizaya rUpa-lAvaNya se vibhUSita dekhakara kAmAdhIna ho gyaa| dakSa ne mRgAvatI kI madabharI bAteM, vadanAsava ke mada, A~khoM ko ThaharA lenevAle rUpa, mana ko curA lenevAlI ha~sI aura zarIra ke sparza ko anya yuvatiyoM se viziSTa mAnate hue socA : "yadi isa strIratna kA bhoga nahIM karatA hU~, to merA manuSya-janma aura jIvana vyartha hai|" usake bAda usane pauravarga ke mukhiyA ko bulAyA aura svAgata-satkAra karake usase pUchA : "mere nagara yA anta:pura meM utpanna ratna kA bhAgI kauna hai ?" mukhiyA bolA: "svAmI ! Apa haiN|" mukhiyA ko vidA karake dakSa ne mRgAvatI se kahA : "bAla hiranI jaisI caMcala A~khoMvAlI priye ! merI ora dekho, merI patnI bana jaao| Aja hI tuma mere sampUrNa koSa kI adhikAriNI ho jaao|" mRgAvatI ne pitA ko cetAvanI dI : "tAta ! mujhe apavacana kahanA Apake yogya nahIM hai| kyA Apa pApa se nahIM Darate? isa prakAra, sajjanoM dvArA nindanIya vacana bolanA banda kreN| Apa aisA na boleM aura na maiM aisA sunU~ / " rAjA ne nAstika darzana aura dehavAdI dArzanika paNDita kI Ar3a lekara apane yauna svArtha ko samarthana dete hue kahA : "tuma paramArtha nahIM jAnatI ho| kyA tumane mahApaNDita harizmazru kA pUrvakathita mata nahIM sunA? deha se bhinna koI jIva nahIM hai, jo vidvAnoM dvArA varNita puNya yA pApa kA phala bhoge| isalie, pApa nAma kI koI vastu nhiiN| tuma lakSmI kI avamAnanA mata kro|" bAlA mRgAvatI rAjA kI zRMgArapUrNa mIThI-mIThI bAtoM se, phusalAve meM A gaI aura rAjA dakSa ne prajA (beTI) ko patnI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA, isalie vaha 'prajApati' kahalAne lagA (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 275) / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI yaha vizuddha ratyAtmaka kathA eka apavAda hai| anyathA, prAya: sabhI kAmakathAe~ dharmakathAoM meM pariNata ho jAtI haiN| putrI ke sAtha yaunAcAra ke bAda bhI dakSa ko karmabandha nahIM huA aura na tajjanya aneka bhavoM kI yAtrA hI karanI par3I aura na sAtavIM pRthvI meM rahane kA kaSTa hI uThAnA pdd'aa| mukhiyA se usane rAjA ke lie rAjya-bhoga ke sarvAdhikAra kA samarthana bhI pahale hI karA liyA, isalie prajA kI ora se bhI koI virodha nahIM huaa| patnI ke sAtha apanI putrI ko bhI aMkazAyinI, banAnevAlA rAjA to svayaM samAja kA eka vikRta sAMskRtika pakSa hai| sAtha hI, isakA eka vikRta aitihAsika pakSa bhI hai ki mRgAvatI aura dakSa se utpanna tripRSTha (kezava kA pratirUpa) arddhabharatezvara bnaa| dakSaprajApati ke adaNDita caritrApakarSaNa kI yaha parAkASThA nizcaya hI vismayAvaha hai| zramaNavAdI kathAkAra ne yahA~ spaSTa hI yaha saMketa kiyA hai ki usa yuga meM nAstika rAjA pApa-puNya kI paravAha kiye vinA aniyantrita yaunamedha karate the| aura, inake vAsanAputra, kRSNa vAsudeva ke pratirUpa hote the| kRSNa kA yaha jaina rUpAntara

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kSetra ko mahattA na dekara vyakti kI mahattA svIkAra karatA hai aura isa bAta kA bhI nirdeza karatA hai ki prAya: pratyeka avatArI puruSa kI kSetrIya sthiti vicitra huA karatI hai| nizcaya hI, saMghadAsagaNI kI yaha kathA udvejaka hone ke sAtha hI vicArottejaka bhI hai| ___isa kathA ko 'zatapathabrAhmaNa' (1.6.3.7-10) kI rUpakAzrita manukathA ke samAnAntara rakhakara bhI isakA vizeSa AsvAda liyA jA sakatA hai| 'zatapathabrAhmaNa' kI kathA hai ki jalapralaya ke pUrva manu dvArA surakSAprApta eka matsya ke bhaviSya-nirdezAnusAra nirmita tathA jalaugha Ane para usa (matsya) ke sIMga meM bA~dhakara khIMcI gaI nAva se manu ke usaragiri para pahu~ca jAne ke bAda, vaha to baca gaye, kintu sArI prajA kA anta ho gyaa| ekAkI manu jala meM ghRta, dadhi, mastvA aura ikSA kI yajJAhuti DAlate rahe / varSAnta (yajJAnta) meM eka nArI-iDA utpanna ho gii| manu usapara mohita ho utthe| donoM meM paraspara saMvAda hone ke bAda manu ne iDA ke sAtha samparka sthApita kara usake sahayoga se bahusaMkhya prajAoM aura pazuoM ko janma diyaa| manu ko prajApati bhI kahA gayA hai| prajApati (brahmA) ne bhI sRSTi-racanA ke lie apanI duhitA ke sAtha abhigamana kiyA thaa| isa prakAra, jaina prajApati kI, nAstika darzana ke siddhAnta para AdhRta laukika kathA brAhmaNa-prajApati kI alaukika kathA se adhika rocaka aura tathyAtmaka hai / isa kathA prasaMga ko 'sthAnAMga' (10.160.1) meM dasa AzcaryoM (Azcaryaka-pada) meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM gAndharva vivAha kI anekaza: carcA hai; kintu rAkSasa vivAha kI kathAoM kI to bharamAra hai| paizAca vivAha kI bhI yatra-tatra carcA hai| sUkSmatA se dekhane para smRti-prokta AThoM vivAhoM ke rUpa isa kathAkRti meM milate haiN| brAhma, daiva, ArSa tathA prAjApatya vivAha brAhmaNoM meM pracalita the tathA Asura, gAndharva aura rAkSasa vivAha vizeSatayA kSatriyoM meM hotA thaa| adhama koTi ke vyakti paizAca vivAha karate the| smRtiyoM meM ukta AThoM vivAhoM ke lakSaNa isa prakAra batAye gaye haiM : brAhma vivAha meM kanyA, vastrAbhUSaNa-sahita vara ko, usase kucha liye vinA, dAna kI jAtI thii| daiva vivAha meM kanyA yajJa karAnevAle Rtvik ko dI jAtI thii| ArSavivAha meM kanyA kA pitA vara se do baila zulka rUpa meM lekara kanyA detA thaa| prAjApatya vivAha meM kanyA kA pitA vara aura kanyA se gArhasthya-dharma kA pAlana karane kI pratijJA karAne ke anantara donoM kI pUjA karake kanyAdAna karatA thaa| Asura vivAha meM vara, vadhU ko usake pitA yA paitRka bAndhavoM se kharIda letA thaa| ise 'udvAha' bhI kahA jAtA thA ('Asuro draviNAdAnAt, yAjJa, 1.61) / vara-kanyA paraspara prema se prerita hokara mAtA-pitA kI anumati liye vinA hI jo vivAha karate the, use gAndharva vivAha kahA jAtA thaa| rAkSasa vivAha meM kanyA ke sambandhiyoM ko yuddha meM parAsta kara kanyA ko balAt uThAkara le jAyA jAtA thA ('rAkSaso yuddhaharaNAt; yAjJa. 1.61 ; manu. 3.33) / AThavA~ paizAca' vivAha nimnatama 1.(ka) brAhmodevastathaivArSaH praajaaptystthaasurH| __gAndharvo rAkSasazcaiva paizAcazcASTamo'dhamaH // -manu, 3.21 (kha) yAjJavalkyasmRti, 158,61 2.(ka) suptAM mattAM pramattAM vA raMho yatropagacchati sa pApiSTho vivAhAnAM paizAcazcASTamo'dhamaH ||-mnu, 3.34 (kha) yAjJavalkyasmRti,161

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337 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana zreNI kA mAnA jAtA thaa| isameM kisI soI huI, pramatta yA pAgala kanyA kA, usakI svIkRti ke vinA, kaumAraharaNa kara liyA jAtA thaa| vasudeva kA sabhI patniyoM ke sAtha vivAha prAya: brAhmavidhi se hI sampanna huA thaa| unheM sabhI kanyAe~ vastrAbhUSaNa aura atula dhana-vaibhava ke sAtha upalabdha huI thiiN| AzramavAsI valkalacIrI kA vezyAputrI ke sAtha vivAha daiva vivAha meM parigaNanIya hai / valkalacIrI apanA Azrama khojane ke krama meM bhaTakatA huA jaba gaNikAgRha meM jA pahu~cA, taba gaNikA ne nAI ko bulavAkara usakA nakhakarma (kSaurakarma) karAyA aura usake zarIra se valkala haTavA diyA aura vastrAbhUSaNa pahanavAkara apanI putrI se vivAha karA diyA thA (kathotpatti : pR. 18) / isI prakAra jamadagni ke sAtha reNukA kA vivAha ArSa vivAha kA pratirUpa hai| kyoMki, jamadagni ko reNukA ke sAtha vivAha ke lie kanyAzulka cukAnA par3A thA ("maMtIhiM bhaNiyaM-kumArINa paehiM acaliehiM sukaM dAyavvaM"; madanavegAlambha : pR. 237) / vivAha meM dhruvadarzana karAne kA sandarbha prAjApatya vivAha se jur3A huA hai; kyoMki dhruvadarzana yA saptapadI ke prAya: sabhI mantroM meM vara aura kanyA ke paraspara gArhasthya-dharma pAlana karane kI pratijJA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isase siddha hai ki vasudeva kA apanI kaI paniyoM ke sAtha dhruvadarzana-kArya unake dvArA kiye gaye brAhmaNocita prAjApatya vivAha kI ora saMketa karatA hai| Asura vivAha ko 'udvAha' isalie kahA jAtA thA ki isameM asavarNA kanyA ke sAtha vivAha hotA thaa| manu ne kahA hai: "asavarNAsvayaM jJeyo vidhirudvAhakarmaNi (3.43) / " svayaM vasudeva ne mAtaMgakanyA nIlayazA aura phira kAmadeva seTha kI putrI bandhumatI yA bhadra sArthavAha kI kanyA raktavatI se asavarNa vivAha hI to kiyA thaa| yoM, usa kAla meM pratiloma vivAha bhI pracalita thA; kyoMki svayaM vasudeva ne kSatriya hokara soma brAhmaNa kI putrI dhanazrI se vivAha kiyA thaa| vasudeva apanI paliyoM meM anyatama mitrazrI ke Agraha para soma brAhmaNa ke gUMge lar3ake kI zalya-cikitsA karake use veda par3hane ke yogya ('visadavANI) banAyA thA, isI se santuSTa hokara soma brAhmaNa ne vasudeva ko apanI putrI dhanazrI arpita kara dI thI (mitrazrI-dhanazrIlambha : pR. 198) / dhammilla ne gaNikA-putrI vasantatilakA, vimalasenA Adi ke sAtha paraspara prema se prerita hokara gAndharva vivAha kiyA thaa| vasudeva ne bhI priyaMgusundarI ke sAtha gAndharva vivAha kiyA thA : "tato haM gaMdhavveNa vivAhadhammeNa kaNNaM vivAheUNa atule tattha bhoe bhuMjAmi (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 307) / " dhammilla ne bhI meghamAlA se gAndharvavivAha hI kiyA thA: "sA ya NeNaM...gaMdhavveNa vivAhadhammeNa vivAhiyA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 73) / " kahanA na hogA ki prAcIna yuga meM gAndharva vivAha kA bahuta adhika pracalana thaa| kAlidAsa (I. pU. prathama zatI) ne bhI apane prasiddha nATaka 'abhijJAnazAkuntalam' meM duSyanta aura zakuntalA ke paraspara prItivaza gAndharva vivAha kara lene kA ullekha kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kSatriyocita rAkSasa-vivAha kA to bRhatkathAkoza hI hai| agaDadatta ne apane dhanurveda-zikSaka dRDhaprahArI ke par3osI gRhapati yakSadatta kI putrI zyAmadattA kA balAt apaharaNa 1. dra. taittirIya brAhmaNa, 3. 7. 7. 11-12 : . . . "sakhAyaH saptapadA abhUma / sakhyaM te gameyam / sakhyAtte mA yoSam / sakhyAnme mA yosstthaaH|" dhuvadarzana ke mantroM ke lie prastuta zodha-prabandha kA 'jyotiSa-vidyA'-prakaraNa drssttvy| 2. saMghadAsagaNI ne par3osI ke lie 'antevAsI' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai : "ahaM cArusAmi ! suriMdadatto nAma nAvAsaMjattao tumhaM aMtevAsI (gandharvadattAlambha : pR.145-146)|" saMskRta meM antevAsI' zabda bahudhA ziSya ke artha meM prayukta hai|

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338 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA karake usake sAtha rAkSasa vivAha hI kiyA thA / zyAmadattA ko ratha para balAt baiThAkara usane ghoSaNA kI thI : "jo apanI naI mA~ kA dUdha pInA cAhatA hai, vaha mere sAmane Aye / isa va tAtparya hai ki jo sAmane AyagA, vaha mArA jAyagA aura vahI jaba marakara punarjanma grahaNa karegA, taba use puna: apanI naI mA~ kA dUdha pInA pdd'egaa| isI prakAra, kRSNa ne bhI riSTapura ke rAjA rudhira kI putrI padmAvatI kA apaharaNa karake svayaMvara ke lie upasthita kSatriyoM ko yuddha ke lie lalakArA thA / kRSNa ne kevala padmAvatI kA hI nahIM, apitu sindhudeza ke rAjA meru kI putrI gaurI, gAndhAra-janapada ke rAjA nagnajit kI putrI gAndhArI, siMhaladvIpa ke rAjA hiraNyaloma kI putrI lakSaNA, arAkSarI nagarI ke rAjA rASTravardhana kI putrI susImA, gagananandana nagara ke vidyAdhararAja jAmbavAn kI putrI jAmbavatI tathA vidarbha-janapada ke kuNDinapura nagara ke rAjA bhISmaka kI putrI rukmiNI kA balAt apaharaNa karake unake sAtha rAkSasa vivAha kiyA thA (pIThikA: pR. 78-81) / dhUmasiMha ke dvArA rotI-cillAtI sukumArikA ko uThA le jAnA yA phira vivaza vasudattA ko cora sonApati kAladaNDa dvArA apanI paTarAnI banA lenA yA punaH soI huI sthiti meM mAnavI kA vegavatI ke bhAI mAnasavega dvArA apaharaNa kara lenA Adi paizAca vivAha ke hI prasaMga haiN| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM smRtikAroM dvArA varNita AThoM prakAra kI vivAha - vidhiyA~ se sambaddha aneka kathAoM kA viniyoga huA hai| yahA~ uparyukta prasaMgoM kI carcA digdarzana- mAtra hai / pracalita rahane kI sUcanA milatI hai / pati 'vasudevahiNDI' se usa yuga meM talAka prathA ke kI akulInatA hI talAka kA pramukha kAraNa hotI / ratnapura ke sAtyaki brAhmaNa ne dharaNijaDa ke ziSya kapila kI vedajJatA para santuSTa hokara use apanI putrI satyabhAmA de dI thI; parantu kapila vastutaH brAhmaNaputra nahIM, dAsIputra thaa| saMyogavaza usakI akulInatA kA patA calane para kapila ke prati satyabhAmA kA sneha ekabAragI manda par3a gayA / satyabhAmA ratnapura ke rAjA zrIsena ke samakSa upasthita huI aura usane nivedana kiyA : "mujhe kapila se mukti dilavAie / yaha akulIna hai / yadi Apa merA paritrANa nahIM kareMge, to Apake sAmane nizcaya hI maiM apane prANa de duuNgii|" rAjA ne kapila ko bulavAyA aura usase kahA : "tuma isa brAhmaNI ko mukta kara do|" rAjA ke Adeza se satyabhAmA usakI rAnI ke pAsa upavAsapUrvaka rahane lagI (ketumatIlambha: pR. 320 ) / isase spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM talAka ke icchuka kisI bhI puruSa yA strI ko rAjA ke samakSa apanA nivedana prastuta karane kA adhikAra prApta thA / saMghadAsagaNI ne apane yuga meM pracalita daheja tathA upahAra - prathA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / rAjA yA seTha yA sArthavAha apanI putriyoM ko apAra dhana-vaibhava, dAsa-dAsiyA~ Adi daheja meM dete the| rAjA vajrasena ne, vajrajaMgha se apanI putrI zrImatI kA vivAha ho jAne para vipula dhana aura paricArikAe~ daheja meM dI thI (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 176) / vasudeva ke bar3e bhAI samudravijaya ne apanI anujavadhU (vasudeva kI patnI tathA rAjA rudhira kI putrI rohiNI) ke lie upahAra meM catura nartakoM aura vAdakoM kI maNDalI se yukta kubja, vAmana, cilAta (kirAta) Adi nATyakartAoM ke " jo bhe devANuppiyA ! naviyAe mAUe duddhaM pAukAmo somama purao ThAu tti / " (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 42 ) 2. "suNaMtu sayaMvaramAgayA khattiyA / dasArakulakeU, vAsudevo harai kumAriM, jo na sahai so pacchao laggaDa tti / " (pIThikA: pR. 78)

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339 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana sAtha hI battIsa karor3a kA dhana diyA, jisameM maNi, sonA aura cA~dI ke aneka sAre baratana the, prazasta lakSaNoMvAle cauMsaTha hAthI tathA sone ke palAna se maNDita ATha sau ghor3e bhI the| vasudeva ke sabhI sasuroM ne bhI apanI-apanI pariNItA putriyoM ke lie vipula dhana daheja meM diyA thA : dhanamitra sArthavAha ne apanI putrI mitrazrI ko solaha karor3a diyA thA, to kapilA ko usake pitA rAjA kapila ne battIsa krodd'| isI prakAra, rAjA abhagnasena ne apanI putrI padmA ko battIsa karor3a kA dhana diyA thA, to ketumatI ko usake bhAI jitazatru ne vipula deza hI dAna kara diyA thA aura vasudeva kI AjJAkAritA svIkAra kara lI thI ('ahaM tubnaM ANattikaro' tti bhaNaMteNa; ketumatIlambha: pR. 349) / kahanA na hogA ki vasudeva ne apanI aTThAIsa patniyoM ke sAtha atula asaMkhya dhana-sampatti prApta kI thii| usa yuga meM, isa daheja ko bhI, ghUsa kI taraha hI, 'prItidAna' kahakara isa prathA ko sAMskRtika garimA se mUlyAMkita kiyA gayA hai| usa samaya vivAhotsava bhI aneka prakAra se aura ThATa-bATa ke sAtha ('mahayA iDDIe) manAye jAte the| vivAhotsava ke vidhi-vidhAna ko 'kautuka' kahA jAtA thaa| isake lie saMghadAsagaNI ne, bahudhA 'kayakouo', 'kougasaehi', 'varakouga' jaise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / vara kA pratikarma aura 'prasAdhana' karanevAlI alaga-alaga dAsiyA~ hotI thiiN| vara ko dekhane ke lie, jhuNDa-kI-jhuNDa striyA~ mahaloM ke jAlIdAra jharokhoM se jhA~katI thIM aura kucha to vismaya-vimugdha hokara mahala se vara ke Upara phUla barasAtI thIM tathA pA~ca raMga ke sugandhita gandhacUrNa bikheratI thIM evaM kanyA ke sundara rUpa-lAvaNya-sampanna vara prApta karane ke bhAgya kI lagAtAra zlAghA karatI thiiN| vara, pAlakI meM takiyA lage Asana para vadhU ke sAtha baiThatA thA ('AsINo ya AsaNe sAvassae: bandhumatIlambha: pR. 281) / taruNa yuvatiyA~ pAlakI para zveta chatra tAne hue calatI thIM aura ca~vara bhI DulAtI thiiN| seTha aura sArthavAha kI putriyoM ke vivAha meM mitra rAje vara-vadhU ko apane rAjabhavana meM bulavAkara sammAnita karate the| zrAvastI ke kAmadeva seTha kI putrI bandhumatI ke vivAha meM vahA~ ke rAjA eNIputra ne vara-vadhU ko apane rAjabhavana meM sasammAna bulavAkara unheM vastrAbhUSaNa kA upahAra diyA thA (tatraiva : pR. 281) / usa kAla meM, daheja para putrI ke adhikAra kI bhI ghoSaNA kI jAtI thii| vasudeva kI patnI prabhAvatI ko jaba daheja meM battIsa karor3a kA dhana diyA gayA thA, taba prabhAvatI ke pitA gAndhAra ne yaha ghoSaNA kI thI ki "mere sampUrNa koSa para prabhAvatI kA adhikAra hai": "pabhAvatI meM pabhavai savvassa kosassa" ti bhaNaMteNa ya patyiveNa 'maMgallaM' ti NisiTThAo battIsaM koDIo (prabhAvatIlambha : pR. 352) / " 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki usa yuga meM eka vyakti eka bAra meM aneka kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha karatA thaa| jambUsvAmI ne eka sAtha ATha sArthavAha-kanyAoM se vivAha kiyA thA (kathotpatti : pR. 7) / dhammilla ne kramazaH kula battIsa kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyA thA, jinameM eka bAra eka sAtha ATha kanyAoM se tathA dUsarI bAra eka sAtha solaha kanyAoM se usakA vivAha huA thA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 70 aura 71) / usa samaya upahAra meM yuvatiyA~ bhI dI jAtI thiiN| tilavastuka sanniveza meM, narabhakSI saudAsa kA vadha karake grAmINoM ko zAnti pahu~cAne ke upalakSya meM, vasudeva para prasanna hokara, vahA~ ke grAmanAyakoM ne unheM mAlyAlaMkRta rUpavatI kanyAe~ 1. "tato sohaNe diNe rAiNA sA'maccapurohieNa mahayA iDDIe tAsi kaNNANaM pANiM gaahio| diNNaM viulaM piiidaannN....|" (bhadramitrA-satyarakSitAlambha : pR.355)

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA dakSiNA ke sAtha arpita kI thiiN| yadyapi, vasadeva ne kanyAe~ svIkAra nahIM kI, phira bhI kanyAoM ne jIvana-bhara ke lie unheM hI apanA pati mAna liyA (mitrazrI-dhanazrIlambha : pR. 197) / pUrvavarNita gaNikA kI utpatti ke prasaMga meM prApta, sAmantoM dvArA bharata kI sevA meM kanyAoM ko bhejane kI kathA (pIThikA: pR. 103) bhI yuvatiyoM ko upahAra meM dene kI tatkAlIna prathA kA hI saMketa karatI hai| phira, paricArikAoM ko upahAra yA daheja meM dene kI bAta bhI to isI prathA kA spaSTa udAharaNa hai| kahanA na hogA ki usa yuga meM striyA~ sacce artha meM apane kalatra' paryAya ko sArthaka karatI thiiN| bhartRhari ne kalatra kI paribhASA meM kahA hai ki "yad bhattureva hitamicchati tatkalatram"; (2.68) / arthAt, tatkAlIna striyA~ apane svAmI kI hitakAmanA meM hI nirantara samarpita thiiN| . 'vasudevahiNDI' se saMketa milatA hai ki tadyugIna pANigrahaNa Adi samasta sAMskRtika kArya kulakaroM kI AjJA se hI sampanna hote the yA isa sambandha meM sabhI prakAra ke nirNaya kulakaroM ke hI adhIna hote the| nissandeha, ye kulakara hI tatkAlIna sAmAjika-sAMskRtika kAryoM ke niyAmaka niyantraka the| kRSNa ne santAnadAtA devatA harinaigameSI kI ArAdhanA ke nimitta, ATha dinoM kA upavAsa karane ke lie, pauSadhazAlA meM jAne ke pUrva, isakI sUcanA kulakaroM ko dI thI ("kulagaraviditaM kAUNa dvito posahasAlAe aTThamaNa bhatteNa"; pIThikA : pR. 97) / ye kulakara 'yAdavavRddha' bhI kahalAte the| ye yAdavavRddha kabhI-kabhI apanI niSpakSatA se vicalita bhI ho jAte the| aisI sthiti meM inheM AlocanA kA pAtra bhI bananA par3atA thA. satyabhAmA ke putra bhAnu ke vivAha-kautuka meM darbhakArya ke lie jaba ye rukmiNI ke kezoM ko mA~gane nAiyoM ke sAtha Aye te, taba pradyumna ne inheM lalakArA thA : "maiM pUchatA hU~, yAdavoM kA yaha kauna-sA kulAcAra hai ki ve vivAha meM (kularamaNiyoM ke) kezoM se kautuka karate haiM?" isa bAta para yAdavavRddhoM ko lajjita honA par3A thA (pIThikA : pR. 96) / saMghadAsagaNI ne nAiyoM ko 'kAzyapa' saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| vara-parikarma ke krama meM nAI ne vasudeva kA nakhakarma (nahachU) kiyA thA "kAsaveNa ya kayaM nakhakamma" (puNDrAlambha : pR. 213) / isI prakAra, valkalacIrI ke vara-parikarma ke sandarbha meM gaNikA ne kAzyapa ko bulavAkara, valkalacIrI ke na cAhate hue bhI usakA nakha-parikarma karAyA thA : ("tIe ya kAsavao sddaavio| tao anicchaMtassa kayaM nahaparikama"; kathotpatti : pR. 18) / nahachU bhAratIya vivAhasaMskAra kI paramparAgata vidhi hai| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne to rAma kI nahachU-vidhi para 'rAmalalAnahachU' nAma kI kAvyakRti kI hI racanA kara dI hai| zavadAha aura zrAddha : / saMghadAsagaNI ne prAcIna yuga meM pracalita zavadAha yA agni-saMskAra (antyeSTi) aura zrAddhavidhi para bhI pracura prakAza DAlA hai| RSabhasvAmI ke nirvANa prApta karane ke bAda unake pArthiva zarIra kA antyeSTi-saMskAra bar3e sammAna ke sAtha vidhivat kiyA gayA thaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 185) ki bhagavAn jagadguru RSabhasvAmI ne ninyAnabbe hajAra pUrva taka kevalI avasthA meM vihAra karake caudaha bhakta upavAsapUrvaka mAgha mahIne kI kRSNa-trayodazI ko, abhijit nakSatra meM, aSTAdaza parvata para, dasa hajAra sAdhuoM, ninyAnabbe putroM tathA ATha pautroM

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 341 ke sAtha eka hI samaya meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| zeSa nau hajAra ATha sau berAnabbe sAdhuoM ne bhinna-bhinna samaya meM, usI nakSatra meM siddhatva prApta kiyaa| isake bAda parama virakta rAjA bharata ne tIrthaMkara tathA ikSavAMku-vaMza ke zeSa siddhoM ke zarIroM ko tIna zibikAoM meM rkhaa| usa samaya surAsura ke adhipati indra Adi deva ucca tUryaninAda tathA puSpavarSaNa kara rahe the| zibikAoM ko thor3I dUra le jAkara, unameM sthita siddhoM ke pArthiva zarIroM ko bAhara nikAlakara gozIrSacandana kI citA para rakhA aura phira yathAkrama zavoM kI zrutimadhura stotroM se stuti karate hue, deva-gandharva aura apsarAoM ke sAtha milakara, unakI (pArthiva zarIroM kI) pradakSiNA kii| isake bAda indra kI AjJA se agnikumAra devoM ne apane-apane mukha se agni utpanna kii| usI samaya se yaha prasiddhi ho gaI ki deva agnimukha hote haiN| tadanantara, sabhI deva gandhadravya, ghI, madhu Adi citAoM meM DAlakara siddhoM ke zarIroM ko jalAne lge| udadhikumAroM ne kSIrodasAgara ke jala se citAe~ bujhaaiiN| devendra ne maMgala-pratIka ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkara 'jina' kI asthi kA cayana kiyA, rAjAoM ne siddha zarIroM kI haDDiyA~ lIM aura brAhmaNoM tathA zeSa logoM ne citA se agni grahaNa kI aura use. alaga-alaga apane-apane ghara le jAkara usakI sthApanA kI aura phira prayatnapUrvaka usakA saMrakSaNa karane lge| jise ugra zarIra-pIr3A hotI thI, usake zarIra para yathAsthApita agnikuNDa ke bhasma kA lepa karane se vaha svastha ho jAtA thaa| agni-saMrakSaNa ke lie loga usa agni meM candana kI takar3I DAlate rahate the| rAjA bharata bhI usa agni kI pUjA karate the| usI samaya se brAhmaNo ke ghara agnikuNDa kI utpatti huii| cauthe nIlayazAlambha meM lalitAMgadeva kI kathA meM bhI zavadAha yA agni-saMskAra kI carcA huI hai (pR. 175) / zavadAha kI ukta prakriyA arvAcIna yuga meM bhI yathAvat pracalita hai| devoM ke agnimukha hone kI zruti aura zmazAna kI citAgni se brAhmaNoM ke yajJa-havana Adi kArya ke lie agnikuNDa kI utpatti kI kalpanA kathAkAra kI navIna udbhAvanA hai| mahApuruSoM ke citAbhasma kI pUjanIyatA Aja bhI akSuNNa hai / agnikuNDa ke bhasma se ugra zarIra-pIr3A ke vinAza hone kA rahasya kathAkAra kI tAntrika dRSTi ko saMketita karatA hai| bauddhoM meM bhI bhagavAn buddha ke bhikSApAtra yA. asthi-avazeSa se vibhinna vyAdhiyoM ke dUra hone kA vizvAsa surakSita hai| vaidika brAhmaNa-paramparA meM bhI kAzI kI maNikarNikA ke citAdhUma aura citAbhasma ke prati apAra zraddhA hai| svayaM zivajI apane zarIra meM citAbhasma kA lepa karate the| kahate haiM ki kAzI vizvanAtha kI zRMgAra-pUjA meM maNikarNikA ke citAbhasma kA nitya arpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| maNikarNikA mokSabhUmi mAnI gaI hai; kyoMki vahA~ sAkSAt zivajI divaMgata vyakti ke kAna meM tArakamantra kA viDiyoga karate haiN| isIlie, kahA gayA hai : 'kAzyAM maraNAnmuktiH / ' budhasvAmI ne bhI 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM 'avimukta' kSetra ke rUpa meM kAzI kA smaraNa kiyA hai| 1.citAbhasmAlepo garalamazanaM dikpaTadharo jaTAdhArI kaNThe bhujagapatihArI pazupatiH -zaMkarAcAryakRta devyaparAdhakSamApanastotra 2. avimuktAvimuktatvAtpuNyA vArANasI purI / (sarga 21, zlo. 2)

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM ukta zavadAha-saMskAra ke alAvA aura bhI katipaya agni-saMskAroM kA ullekha huA hai| dhanapuMja nAma ke cora ne marate samaya apane vadhakartA agaDadatta se kahA thA (dha.hi., pR. 44) ki mere marane ke bAda tuma, merA agnisaMskAra kara denA ("mama ya aggisakkAraM karehi ) / vasudeva jisa samaya apanI mRtyu kA mithyApavAda phailAkara bhAga nikale the, usa samaya unake navoM bhAI mahala se nikalakara zmazAnabhUmi meM Aye / vahA~ unhoMne vasudeva ke hAtha kA likhA kSamApaNa-patra pddh'aa| vasudeva ne eka anAtha mRtaka ko citA para rakhakara usameM Aga lagA dI thI aura zmazAna meM chor3e gaye (kisI mRta sadhavA strI ke) alaktaka- rasa se apane bhAiyoM aura bhAbhiyoM ke nAma kSamApaNa-patra meM likhA thA ki "merA zuddha svabhAva hote hue bhI use nAgarikoM ne malina kara diyA, isalie maiM agni meM praveza karatA huuN|" kSamApaNa- patra par3hakara vasudeva ke bhAI rone lge| kucha dera rone-dhone ke bAda unhoMne ghI aura zahada se citA ko sIMcA, phira candana, aguru aura devadAru kI lakar3iyoM se citA ko Dhakakara use phira se prajvalita kiyaa| usake bAda ve pretakArya, yAnI aurdhvadehika kRtya karake ghara lauTa Aye (zyAmA - vijayAlambha: pR. 121) / rAma ko bhI vana meM jaba bharata ke dvArA apane pitA kI mRtyu kA samAcAra milA, taba unhoMne pretakRtya kiyA thA ('kapapeyakicco madanavegAlambha : pR. 242) / yahA~ pretakRtya, dAha-saMskAra ke bAda kI jalAMjali yA tarpaNa kArya kA saMketaka hai| " 342 saMghadAsagaNI ne mRta vyakti ke pitRkRtya yA zrAddha kA vikRta rUpa bhI upasthita kiyA hai tathA zrAddha meM mahiSa-mAMsa ke bhoja kI prathA kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM kathAkAra ne bU aura prabhava ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM eka udvejaka kathA likhI hai (kathotpatti : pR. 14) / prabhava jaba saMsAravirakta jambU se lokadharma kI siddhi aura pitR RNa se mukti ke nimitta prayatna karane kA Agraha kiyA, taba jambU ne kahA ki jIva apane kiye karma kA phalabhAgI hotA hai| janma kI parAdhInatA kI bhA~ti AhAra bhI apane karma ke anurUpa hI prApta hotA hai| zrAddha aura piNDadAna kI nirarthakatA ke pradarzana ke lie kathAkAra ne jambU ke mukha se kahalavAyA hai ki putra ke zrAddha aura piNDadAna karane se usake mRta pitA ke svarga jAne kI bAta satya nahIM hai / bhavAntara meM gaye hue pitA ke lie putra dvArA upakAra - buddhi se kiyA gayA kArya bhI apakAra meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| jIva ke, svayaMkRta karma ke phalabhAgI hone ke kAraNa putra kI ora se pradatta tarpaNa - sAmagrI pitA ko nahIM prApta ho sakatI hai / mRta pitA kI tRpti ke lie putra jo piNDadAna Adi karatA hai, vaha usakI bhaktimAtra hotI hai| aura phira, putra dvArA nivedita annapAna acetana hone ke kAraNa mRta pitA ke nikaTa pahu~ca bhI to nahIM sakatA / punaH, jo nirvaMza yA nirAdhAra pitara hote haiM, ve atRpta rahakara apane pUre bhaviSya ko kisa prakAra jIte haiM ? phira, jisake pitA yA pitAmaha mRtyu ke bAda apane karmayoga se cIMTI athavA kIr3A ke rUpa meM utpanna hote haiM, unake lie vaha yadi jaladAna karatA hai yA jalAMjali detA hai, to usane unakA upakAra yA apakAra kiyA, yaha kaise samajhA jA sakatA hai ? isa prakAra, lokadharma kI siddhi aura pitR RNa se mukti ke lie putra dvArA kiyA jAnevAlA zrAddhakArya asaMgata hI siddha hotA hai / zrAddhaviSayaka apane isa siddhAnta kA vivecana karate hue jambU ne prabhava se jo vicitra kathA sunAI, vaha isa prakAra hai : tAmralipti nagarI meM mahezvaradatta nAma kA vyApArI rahatA thaa| usake pitA kA nAma samudra thA, jo dhana ke saMcaya, saMrakSaNa aura parivRddhi ke lobha se abhibhUta ho mara gayA

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343 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana aura usI nagarI meM eka mAyAvI bhaiMse ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| mahezvaradatta kI mAtA bahulA mAyAcAra meM kuzala hote hue bhI zucitA kA pradarzana karanevAlI thI, jo patizoka se marakara usI nagarI meM kutiyA ke rUpa meM jnmii| mahezvaradatta kI patnI gaMgilA gurujanoM se rahita ghara meM svacchanda rUpa se icchita puruSa ko saMketa dekara bulAtI thI aura sandhyA meM usakI pratIkSA karatI thii| jaba vaha upapati hathiyAra ke sAtha gaMgilA ke pAsa AyA, taba mahezvaradatta ne use dekha liyaa| usa jArapuruSa ne AtmarakSArtha mahezvaradatta ko mAra DAlanA caahaa| kintu, mahezvaradatta ne bar3I saphAI se usapara joradAra prahAra kiyaa| Ahata jArapuruSa thor3I hI dUra jAkara gira par3A tathA virakta bhAva se apane durbhAgya tathA anAcAra kI nindA karatA huA mara gayA aura gaMgilA ke garbha se usake putra ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| sAlabhara kA hone para usane jAnA ki vaha mahezvaradatta kA priya putra hai| eka bAra, mahezvaradatta ne apane pitA ke zrAddha ('piukicce) ke nimitta pUrvokta bhaiMse (samudra kA apara bhava) ko kharIdakara mAra DAlA aura isa prakAra apane pitA ke zrAddha ke lie apane pitA (mahiSa-rUpa) kA hI mAMsa pakAkara logoM ko bhojana kraayaa| dUsare dina mahezvaradatta ne bhI apane usa pitA ke avaziSTa mAMsa aura majjA kA AsvAda liyA aura vaha putra (pUrvabhava kA gaMgilA kA upapati) ko goda meM liye hue bAhara gayA tathA usa kutiyA (pUrvabhava kI mAtA) ke sAmane bhI mAMsa ke kucha Tukar3e pheMka diye| kutiyA bhI santuSTa hokara unheM khAne lgii| isa prakAra zrAddhabhoja ke nAma para pati kA mAMsa patnI ne, pitA kA mAMsa beTe ne aura eka dAyAda kA mAMsa usake anya dAyAdoM ne khAkara atizaya nindanIya kArya kiyaa| ajJAnatAvaza, apane pitA ke zrAddha ke nimitta kiyA gayA vaha bhoja, svajana-parijana-sahita mahezvaradatta ke lie karmabandha kA kAraNa banA aura pitA ke lie upakArI hone kI apekSA apakArI siddha huaa| phalata:, lokadRSTi kI viSamatA ke kAraNa zrAddhakArya yA pitRkRtyamUlaka annapAna-dAna zrAddhakartA kI apanI andhabhakti ke alAvA aura koI mUlya nahIM rkhtaa| saMghadAsagaNI ke zabdoM meM yaha saba kucha 'akArya ('akajjaM ti) hai| anyAya dhArmika kRtya : saMghadAsagaNI ne tatkAlIna yathApracalita anyAnya aneka dhArmika kRtyoM para bhI prakAza-nikSepa kiyA hai, jinameM dAna-puNya, pUjA-pATha, vrata-tyauhAra Adi pramukha haiN| usa yuga ke rAjA "kimicchita' dAna, arthAt dAtA aura grahItA kI icchApUrti ke anukUla dAna karate the (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 176) / pravrajyA tathA mRtyu ke pUrva to 'kimicchita' dAna karane kI sarvasAmAnya prathA thii| usa samaya ke logoM meM pUjA-pATha kI sahaja pravRtti thii| cArudatta apane mitroM ke sAtha jaMgala se nikalakara jaba aMgamandira-udyAna meM pahu~cA, taba vahA~ jinAyatana ke bhItara gyaa| naukara ke bacce phUla le aaye| usa cArudatta ne mitroM ke sAtha milakara phUloM se jina-pratimA kI pUjA aura stutiyoM se vandanA kii| yoM, usa yuga meM bhI snAna aura pUjA ke bAda hI bhojana karane kI sAmAnya niyama thA ("NhAyA kayabalikammA bhuttabhoyaNANaM gato divaso"; gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 140) aura pUjA ke Asana

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344 vasadevahiNDI:bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bahatkathA meM kuzAsana kA vyavahAra adhika hotA thaa| ("sirivijayo vi dabbhasaMthArovagato sattarataM. ... posahaM pAlei"; pR. 316) kintu, muniyoM ke lie kASThAsana vihita thA (pratimukha: pR. 110) / naiSThika kathAkAra ne kisI zubhakArya ko prArambha karane ke pUrva hAtha-paira dhone aura pUrvAbhimukha hokara Acamana karane ke vidhAna kA bhUyaza: ullekha kiyA hai| cArudatta ne apane mitroM dvArA pradatta kamala ke patte ke done meM rakSita madhu ko amRta mAnakara pIne ke pUrva hAtha-paira dhokara pUraba kI ora mu~ha karake Acamana ("pakkhAliyapANi-pAo ya AyaMto ya pAINa- muho') kiyA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 142) / pUjApATha ke samaya zaMkha bajAne kI bhI prathA thii| chA strI kA rUpa dharakara duSTa aMgAraka vasudeva kA suptAvasthA meM apaharaNa karake jaba unheM AkAza meM ur3A le gayA aura vasudeva ke prahAra karane para usane unheM adhara meM chor3a diyA, taba vaha eka anajAna jhIla meM Akara gire| jhIla se bAhara nikalakara unhoMne vizrAma kiyaa| vizrAma kI ghar3I meM hI unhoMne zaMkha kI AvAja sunI, jisase anumAna lagAyA ki avazya hI AsapAsa meM koI nagara hai| subaha hone para vaha ilAvarddhana nagara paha~ce (raktavatIlambha : 1. 217) / - campAnagarI (vartamAna bihAra-rAjya ke bhAgalapura kA upanagara) meM nAgapUjA kI paramparA kI aura bhI kathAkAra ne dRkpAta kiyA hai| dhammilla dina ke antima prahara meM, jaba campAnagarI ke rAjapatha para cala rahA thA, tabhI usane vahA~, rAjamArga ke nikaTa hI nAgamandira dekhA, jisakA dvAra AdhA banda thaa| vahA~ dIpaka jala rahA thaa| kAlAguru dhUpa kI sugandha phaila rahI thii| dhammilla usa nAgamandira meM praviSTa huA aura nAgadevatA ko praNAma karake baitthaa| usI samaya usane ubharate navIna yauvanavAlI bAlikA ko vahA~ upasthita dekhaa| usake sAtha eka paricArikA bhI thii| vaha bAlikA campAnagarI ke sArthavAha nAgavasu kI putrI nAgadattA thii| devakula meM arcanA ke nimitta AI huI vaha bAlikA apane hAtha-paira dhokara nAgamandira meM praviSTa huI / usane nAgendra kI pUjA kI aura unheM praNAma karake apane abhilaSita vara kI yAcanA kI (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 65) / ___ jJAtavya hai ki campAnagarI meM Aja bhI prativarSa zrAvaNa kI zuklapaMcamI (nAgapaMcamI) ke avasara para, 'bihulA-viSaharI ke pUjA-mahotsava ke rUpa meM, nAgapUjA kA tyohAra sollAsa manAyA jAtA hai| pracIna kathA hai ki campAnagara kA cA~do saudAgara kaTTara zivabhakta thaa| kintu, nAgadevI manasA bhI usase apanI pUjA cAhatI thii| kintu, cA~do saudAgara nAgadevI kI avahelanA karatA thaa| phalasvarUpa, saudAgara kA sarvasva naSTa ho gyaa| nAgadevI ke roSa ke kAraNa usakA mAla-asabAba se ladA jahAja bhI jalamagna ho gyaa| phira bhI, usane nAgadevI kI pUjA karanA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| nAgadevI kA kSobha bar3hatA calA gyaa| yahA~taka ki nAgadevI ke dvArA prerita 1. cA~dI saudAgara kI kathA ko hI 'bihulA-viSaharI' ke nAma se kAvyanibaddha kiyA gayA hai| zaivoM para zAktoM kI vijaya hI isa kAvya kA mUla antaraMga kathya hai| ' bihulA-viSaharI' bhAgalapura-pramaNDala kI upabhASA aMgikA meM prApta prAcInatama evaM atizaya karuNa lokagAthA-kAvya hai| aMgikA-bhASI janatA ke kaNTha hAra isa kAvya ko par3hate samaya koI bhI pAThaka azruvigalita hue vinA nahIM rhtaa| suhAgarAta meM apane pati bAlA lakhIndara ke sarpadaSTa hone para, suhAga kI pahalI rAta kI navoDhA bihulA ke vyathA-vihvala vilApa kA prasaMga to bahuta hI hRdayadrAvaka hai| zodhakoM kA anumAna hai ki prastuta karuNa lokagAthA kI racanA anumAnataH 16vIM zatI meM caupAInagara (vartamAna campAnagara, bhAgalapura) meM huii| isakA racanAkAra ajJAta hai| isase saMghadAsagaNI dvArA saMketita campAnagara meM nAgapUjA kI paramparA kA sabala samarthana hotA hai| le.

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345 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana usakI ugra pratinidhi viSaharI ne sA~pa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara cA~doM saudAgara ke antima priya putra bAlA lakhIndara ko suhAgarAta meM hI DaMsa liyA, jisase usakI suhAgaghara meM hI mRtyu ho gii| kintu cA~do saudAgara kI patohU bihulA ne nAgadevI kI ArAdhanA karake use prasanna kara liyaa| phalata:, nAgadevI se pati ke punarjIvana kA varadAna use prApta huaa| aura taba, bihulA ke bahuta anunaya-vinaya karane para cA~do saudAgara ne bemana se, vinA kisI vidhi-vidhAna ke, nAgadevI kI pUjA kI / nAgadevI isI pUjA se hI saudAgara para prasanna ho gaI aura usane usakA sarvasva puna: yathAvat lauTA diyaa| saMghadAsagaNI ke saMketa se bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki nAgadevatA suprasanna hone para manovAMchita kAmanA pUrI kara dete the| isa sambandha meM jvalanaprabha nAga kI kathA (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 303) bhI smaraNIya hai| sagara ke sATha hajAra putra daNDaratna se jamIna khodakara, gaMgA kI dhArA ko ulaTA pravAhita karake use jaba aSTApada parvata kI khAI taka le Aye taba pAtAlavAsI jvalanaprabha nAga kA bhavana pAnI se bharane lgaa| phalataH, nAga roSAgni se jala utthaa| vaha phuphakAratA huA bAhara nikalA aura jahna prabhRti sATha hajAra sagara-putroM ko apanI dRSTi kI viSAgni se jalAkara bhasma kara diyaa| anta meM, rAjA sagara kI AjJA se usake bAlaka putra bhAgIrathi (bhagIratha) ne arghya, bali, gandha, mAlya aura dhUpa se nAga kI pUjA kii| pUjA milate hI nAga prasanna ho gayA aura usane, bhAratavarSa ke apane sabhI vazaMvada nAgoM ke. bhAgIrathi (bhagIrathA ke prati anakala rahane kA AzvAsana diyaa| saMghadAsagaNI ke samaya meM kaumudI-cAturmAsika mahotsava manAyA jAtA thaa| usakI sandarbha meM caityotsava manAne kI bhI prathA thii| campAnagarI ke nivAsI, kaumudI-cAturmAsika ke avasara para, aMgamandira-udyAna ke jinAyatana meM pratiSThita jina-pratimA para phUla car3hAte the| sAtha hI, ramaNIya jharanoM aura vanarAjiyoM se suzobhita udyAna kA bhramaNa karate the| usI udyAna ke samIpa 'rajatabAlukA' nadI bahatI thI, jisake taTa para vibhinna puSpavRkSa the, jo phUloM se lade rahate the (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 134) / sambhavataH, yaha prAcIna kaumudI-mahotsava yA zAradotsava kA hI rUpAntara hai, jo lagAtAra cAra mahInoM taka manAyA jAtA thaa| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' sUcita karatI haiM ki usa prAcIna yuga ke bhAratavarSa meM gopUjA kI prathA bhI lokAdRta thii| bAlaka kRSNa jaba vraja meM nanda-yazodA ke tattvAvadhAna meM pala-bar3ha rahe the, taba eka dina, sapheda vastra pahane huI, aneka striyoM se ghirI devakI gomArga kI pUjA karatI huI putra ko dekhane vraja meM gaI / cU~ki usa upAya se aniSTa kA nigraha (nivAraNa) hotA hai, isalie usI samaya se, janapadoM meM gomArga kI pUjA (gopUjA) kI prathA cala par3I (devakIlambha : pR. 369) / usa yuga meM cAndrAyaNa aura pauSadhavrata kA bar3A mahattva thaa| dIkSAkAmI strI-puruSa ina donoM vratoM ko karate the| vairAgyabhAvApanna rAjA nalinaketu jaba rAjarddhi kA parityAga kara kSemaMkara jina ke nikaTa pravajita ho gayA aura tapa karake nirvANagAmI huA, taba usakI prakRtibhadra palI prabhaMkarA bhI mRdutA aura RjutA se sampanna hokara cAndrAyaNa aura pauSadhavrata karake AryA susthitA ke nikaTa dIkSita ho gaI (ketumatIlambha : pR. 331) / jJAtavya hai ki ye donoM vrata upavAsa (nirAhAra-vrata) se jur3e hue haiN| aSTamI, caturdazI Adi parvatithi meM karane yogya jainazrAvaka ke AhAratyAga ke vrata ko pauSadha kahA gayA hai; kintu cAndrAyaNa-vrata yA kRcchacAndrAyaNa-vrata brAhmaNa-paramparA meM bhI pracalita rahA hai| yAjJavakyasmRti (3.324) tathA manusmRti (11.217) ke

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346 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA anusAra, cAndrAyaNa vrata eka viziSTa dhArmika vrata yA prAyazcittAtmaka tapazcaryA hai, jo candramA kI vRddhi aura kSaya se viniyamita hai / isa vrata meM dainika AhAra (jo 15 grAsa yA kaura kA hotA hai) pUrNimA se pratidina eka - eka grAsa ghaTatA rahatA hai, yahA~taka ki amAvasyA ke dina nitAnta nirAhAra vrata rakhA jAtA hai / usake bAda, phira zuklapakSa meM eka kaura se Arambha karake pUrNimA taka bar3hAkara phira 15 grAsa taka lAyA jAtA hai| isIlie, isa zabda kI vyutpatti kI gaI hai: "candrasya ayanam iva ayanam atra / " Ajakala to janasAdhAraNa ke lie eka dina kA upavAsa karanA bhI kaThina hotA hai, jabaki usa yuga meM eka nahIM, aneka cAndrAyaNika (cAndrAyaNa vrata karane vAle) hote the / saMghadAsagaNI ne uparivarNita saMskAroM ke vividha AsaMgoM ke mAdhyama se prAcIna bhAratIya sAmAjika aura dhArmika saMskRti kI samRddhi ke bhAvyAbhavya tathA sAmAnya - viziSTa, arthAt ubhayAtmaka citroM ko vipula - vizAla pIThikA para rUpAMkita kiyA hai| abataka vibhinna saMskRtiyoM yA saMskAroM ke jitane sandarbha upasthApita kiye gaye, ve prAya: tIna koTi ke haiM : (ka) rAjyAzrita saMskAra; (kha) abhijAtavargIya saMskAra tathA (ga) nimnavargIya cetanAzrayI saMskAra / rAjyAzrita saMskAroM meM mAnava aura vidyAdhara donoM prakAra ke rAjAoM ke saMskAra udbhAvita hue haiM; abhijAtavargIya saMskAroM meM seThoM aura sArthavAhoM ke saMskAroM ko samudrabhAvita kiyA gayA hai tathA nimnavargIya saMskAroM meM 'anupazAnta' yA mithyAtva se mUrcchita jIvana jInevAle vyaktiyoM ke hInAcAroM yA svairAcAroM kA samAkalana huA hai| isa hIna varga meM narapati, vidyAdharapati, seTha, sArthavAha, paNDita, parivrAjaka, purohita, brAhmaNa rAjapuruSa, gaNikA, nApita, gopa, yahA~taka ki vyantaradeva Adi sabhI prakAra ke sAmAjika sadasya (strI-puruSa) sammilita haiM / rAjyAzrayI saMskAroM meM rAjAoM yA vidyAdharanarezoM kI prazastiyA~ gAI gaI haiM evaM isa krama meM unake vAstavika aura kAlpanika zaurya, tathA unakI vaMza-paramparA kA anugAnana huA hai, yA phira unakI dAnazIlatA tathA vidyAbala anuzaMsita huA hai| isI sandarbha meM unake saundarya - prema, vilAsa, sAmantIya samRddhi, antaHpura ke vaibhava Adi kA anukIrttana huA hai, jisameM sahaja zrAmaNya pravRtti ke anusAra dhArmika abhiniveza kA saMyojana to huA hI hai, prasiddha caritroM ke bhI abhinava sandarbha aura vismayakArI navIna rUpAntara bhI upasthita kiye gaye haiM / isI prakAra, abhijAtavargIya saMskAroM meM jahA~ vilAsa - vaibhava aura cAritrika utkarSApakarSa kA viniyoga huA hai, vahIM nimnavargIya saMskAroM meM lokadharma kI asaMgatiyA~ aura vicitratAe~ citrita huI haiN| kula milAkara, sAmAjika aura dhArmika saMskAroM ke udbhAvana meM kathAkAra kA lakSya sAmAjika saMracanA kI navIna kSamatA aura sphUrti kA digdarzana evaM mAnavIya Adarza kI udAttatA kA paridarzana hai / isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita sAMskRtika cetanA ko brAhmaNaparamparA kI pratikriyA kI pariNati na kahakara navya jAgaraNa kI abhivyaMjanA kahanA adhika nyAyocita hogA / jaina saMskAra : sAmAjika saMghaTana kI ekatA yA udAttatA ke virodhI tattvoM ke prakhara Alocaka saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita jitane saMskAroM para abataka dRSTinikSepa kiyA gayA hai, ve brAhmaNa aura zramaNaparamparA ke prAya: samAna mUlyoM ke upasthApaka haiM; kintu unhoMne vizuddha zramaNa - saMskAroM kA bhI sAMgopAMga vivaraNa upanyasta kiyA hai, jo Agamasammata jaina saMskAroM kA ekala pratinidhitva karate

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 347 haiN| yahA~ kathAkAra dvArA varNita zramaNa-saMskRti ke dhArmika AyAmoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha karanA aprAsaMgika na hogaa| saMghadAsagaNI ke anusAra, RSabhanAtha ke pUrva bhI tIrthaMkaroM kI sattA thii| isase usa jaina mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai, jisake anusAra yaha prasiddhi hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI caubIsI kI eka nahIM, aneka AvRttiyA~ huI haiN| kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki eka bAra eka tIrthaMkara bhagavAn puNDrarIkinI nagarI ke agrodyAna meM padhAre aura unhoMne nirdeza kiyA ki samasta vijayakSetra kA adhipati cakravartI rAjA vajranAbha bhAratavarSa meM RSabha nAma se prathama tIrthaMkara hogA (nIlayazalambha : pR. 178) / RSabhanAtha ke samaya meM hI jaina siddhAntoM kI racanA yA nirmANa huaa| isameM zIlavata, zikSAvrata, aNuvrata, paMcANuvrata, guNavata, paMcavrata, paMcabhAvanA, paMcanamaskAra, mahApratimA Adi vratoM kA svarUpa-nirU kiyA gyaa| parISahoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa huaa| bIsa kAraNa (AtmA ke vizuddhikAraka viziSTa AcArika niyama : "vIsAya kAraNehi appANaM bhAveto"; ketumatIlambha : pR. 335) tIna dhyAna, caudaha ratna, caudaha svapna, pA~ca divya, pA~ca avagraha, nau aura caudaha pUrva, gyAraha aMga, cAturyAma dharma aura paMcajJAna kI carcA ko bhI vistAra diyA gyaa| mokSadraSTA tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezoM ko nirvANa-mArga kA nirdezaka mAnA gyaa| dharmacakravAla aura caityavRkSoM kI pUjyAspadatA svIkAra kI gii| aSTAhikA-parva aura jinajAgarotsava kA pracAra huaa| yogavarttikA, yogAsana aura dhyAnayoga kI mahattA bddh'ii| nirvANa ke mArga meM tapa aura saMyama ko adhika mahattva diyA gyaa| tapa aura saMyama, roga ke samUla unmUlana meM amogha aura atizaya upayogI ghoSita kiye gye| karmabandhana se mukti ke lie samiti aura gupti jaisI caryAoM ko apanAnA Avazyaka samajhA gyaa| kAlikazruta kA yathAsamaya anuzIlana prArambha huaa| prAzuka bhojana, AcAmla (AyaMbila)-tapa, siMhanikrIDita tapa (ketumatIlambha : pR. 339), mAsakSapaNa, kSapaNapAraNA, kAyotsarga Adi tapa kA prAcurya ho gyaa| samAdhimaraNa aura prAyopagamana karanevAle bhI mokSAdhikArI hue| upavAsa ke to aneka prakAra nirdhArita hue, jinameM caturtha bhakta, SaSTha bhakta, aSTama bhakta Adi upavAsa adhika mahattvapUrNa the| saMsArabhIru mokSAbhilASI vyakti ke lie rAjyazrI paTAntalagna tRNa ke samAna parityAjya hotI thii| tapa ke prabhAva se kSIrAsravalabdhi (jisake prabhAva se bhASaNakartA kI vANI dUdha ke samAna madhura pratIta ho) bhI sambhava ho gii| karmayoga se sUkSma aura bAdara zarIra kI prApti hone lgii| zArIrika saMracanA para azubha aura zubha nAma-karma-gotra ke udaya kA prabhAva par3ane lgaa| Asrava, asAtAvedanIya karmabhoga kA hI anukalpa huaa| zrAvakoM aura zramaNoM ke lie viziSTa niyama banAye gye| ghAtikarma ko mokSalAbha ke patha kA bAdhaka mAnA gayA / zruti se utpanna vijJAna mokSaprApti kA mUla banA / tApasa-vidhi aura pravrajyA-vidhi kA vikAsa huaa| pravrajyA ke lie abhibhAvaka kI AjJA anivArya huii| kathAkAra ne puruSa kI taraha strI ko bhI kevalajJAna aura siddhi kA adhikArI mAnA hai| rAjA damitAri kI putrI kanakazrI jinavara ke nikaTa dharma sunakara pravajita huI aura usane ugra tapa karake kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura apane kleza se chUTakara vaha siddhi (mukti) ko prApta huii| kleza kA parikSapaNa karanevAlA hI nirvANa-lAbha 1. soUNaM pabbaiyA, samANI uggaM tavaM kAUNa / kevalanANaM pattA gayA ya siddhiM dhuyakilesA // (ikkIsavA~ ketumatIlambha : pR. 327)

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348 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA karatA hai, yaha kathAkAra kA siddhAntavAkya hai ("parikkhaviyakilesA nevvANalAhiNo bhavaMti"; raktavatIlambhaH pR. 219) / yadi strI kleza-kSapaNa kI zakti se sampanna ho jAtI hai, to vaha bhI mokSalAbha kara letI hai / yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki digambara jainAgamavAdiyoM ne strI ko mokSa kA adhikArI nahIM mAnA hai; kintu zvetAmbara jainAcArya kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne strI ko bhI mokSamArga kA adhikAra dekara, strI ke vyaktitva ko samAnAdhikAra ke AdhAra para mUlyAMkita karate hue tato'dhika zAstrIya udAratA aura vaicArika svAdhInatA se kAma liyA hai / striyA~ avadhijJAnI bhI huA karatI thiiN| vidyAsambandhI RddhiyoM se bhI ve sampanna hotI thIM / vezyAe~ bhI tapa karake siddhazilA (mokSa) para adhikAra kara letI thii| - saMghadAsagaNI ne samUha-dIkSA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| rAjakanyA sumati ne sAta sau kanyAoM ke sAtha sutratA AryA ke nikaTa samUha-dIkSA lI thii| hala aura cakradhArI baladeva aura vasudeva ne svayaM sumati kA niSkramaNAbhiSeka kiyA thaa| sumati ne bhI tapa : karma arjita karake kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura kleza-karma ko naSTa kara siddhi lAbha kii| prathama gaNadhara bharataputra RSabhasena the aura bharata kI bahana brAhmI prathama pravartinI' (bhikSuNIpramukha) ke pada para pratiSThita huI thiiN| gaNadhara aura pravartiniyA~ hI tIrthaMkaroM ke pravacanoM ke vyAkhyAtA hote the| sAdhu eka rAjya se dUsare rAjya meM apratihata bhAva se vihAra karate the| sAdhuoM ke lie gIta, nRtya, nATya Adi varjita the| dhArmika vizvAsamUlaka saMskAroM meM punarjanma bhI apanA ullekhanIya mahattva rakhatA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI pUrvabhava kA Azraya lekara hI apanI kathAoM meM vaicitrya aura vicchitti utpanna kI hai / kahanA to yaha cAhie ki vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM ke vikAsa kI AdhArabhUmi yA mUlasrota pUrvabhava hI hai| pUrvabhava kI prIti yA vaira kA anubandha parabhava meM bhI anusaraNa karatA hai| parabhava meM yonivizeSa meM vaira-prIti kA kramabhaMga bhI hotA thaa| kathAkAra ne pUrvabhava ke krama meM 'tadbhavamaraNa' kI bhI carcA kI hai| yaha vaha maraNa hai, jisase pUrvabhava ke samAna hI parabhava meM bhI janma hotA hai, arthAt pUrvajanma meM manuSya hokara marane ke bAda parajanma meM bhI manuSya hI hone ko tadbhavamaraNa' kahate haiN| isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'bRhatkathA' kA jaina rUpAntaraNa prastuta karane ke krama meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM jagaha-jagaha kathAcchala se jainAcAroM aura zramaNa-mArgokta saMskAroM kA vipula vinyAsa Agamocita paddhati se kiyA hai| saca pUchie, to vidvAn kathAkAra ne apanI isa mahatkathAkRti meM jainAgamoM ke sampUrNa vAGmaya ke sAra ko bar3I nipuNatA se saMgumphita karake apane agAdha Agama-jJAna kI pAragAmitA kA vismayakArI paricaya diyA hai| dharma-sampradAya : bhAratIya saMskRti se dharma aura sampradAya kA saghana sambandha hai| isIlie, saMghadAsagaNI ne zramaNa-dharma aura sampradAya kI carcA ke pariveza meM katipaya brAhmaNa-dharma aura sampradAyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| svayaM saMghadAsagaNI zvetAmbara-sampradAya ke vAcaka yA vidvAn the| yaha bAta unake dvArA kiye gaye tIrthaMkaroM ke vivAha aura rAjyabhoga ke ullekha se spaSTa hai / isake atirikta, yaha bhI 1.subayaajjAsayAse, nikkhaMtA tpmjjinnittaa| kevalanANaM pattA, gayA ya siddhiM ghuyakilesA // (ikkIsavA~ ketumatIlambha : pR. 328)

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana dhyAtavya hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ke kAla meM zvetAmbara - sampradAya ke Agama-granthoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke, vaivAhika jIvana jIne ke bAda, pravRttimArga se nivRttimArga kI ora jAne kA ullekha hai, jaba ki ThIka isake viparIta digambara-sampradAya meM tIrthaMkaroM ke vaivAhika jIvana ko asvIkRta kiyA gayA hai / digambaroM meM ratyAtmakatA yA rasAtmakatA kA sampUrNa niSedha hai; isalie ratyAtmaka sarasa kathAoM ke lekhaka saMghadAsagaNI ke lie digambara AmnAya ke anusAra kAma kathA kI racanA sambhava bhI nahIM thI / saMghadAsagaNI ke zvetAmbara hone kA prakArAntara saMketa unake dvArA kathAvyAja se prayukta 'zvetAmbara' ('rAhugo nAma balAmUko seyaMbaro; pIThikA: pR. 86) zabda se bhI hotA hai| aura phira, maMgalakAryoM zveta vastra paridhAna kA sArvatrika ullekha se bhI ukta saMketa ko samarthana milatA hai / 349 zramaNavAdI saMghadAsagaNI kA zramaNa-dharma ke utkarSa ke prati sahaja Agraha hone ke kAraNa unhoMne brAhmaNa-dharma kA jagaha-jagaha apakarSa prastuta kiyA hai / yadyapi, paribhASA kI dRSTi se donoM paramparAoM ke dharma - siddhAnta eka haiN| 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' yadi vaidika paramparA kA siddhAnta hai, to 'parassa adukkhakaraNaM dhammo' (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 76) zramaNa paramparA kA / sAhitya jagat yA dhArmika- dArzanika kSetra meM paraspara doSa-darzana yA AkSepa - pratyAkSepa kI bar3I prAcIna paramparA rahI hai| tabhI to brAhmaNavAdI budhasvAmI ne bhI 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM RSidattA nAma kI jainasAdhvI kA naravAhanadatta ke mitra gomukha se vivAha karAkara use saMgha - bahiSkRtA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne brAhmaNa-zramaNa-vivAda kA prasaMga uThAkara brAhmaNa kA parAjaya dikhAyA hai yA phira use zramaNa-dharma svIkArane ko vivaza kiyA gayA hai| zAstrArtha meM parAjita hone para aneka ghAtaka pratikriyAe~ (dra. viSNukumAracarita bhI; gandharvadattAlambha, pR. 128) bhI hotI thIM / isa sambandha meM saMghadAsagaNI ne jAtismaraNa tathA pUrvabhava - jJAnaviSayaka zAstrArtha kI eka bar3I rocaka kathA (pIThikA: pR. 88-89) prastuta kI hai| isameM satya nAmaka satyavAdI sAdhu ne do brAhmaNoM ko pUrvabhava ke prati vizvAsa dilAte hue yaha jJAta karAyA ki ve donoM apane pUrvabhava meM siyAra hI the / madhyasthoM ne bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra kara liyaa| taba donoM brAhmaNa bar3e bemana se bole : "hama niruttara ho gye| hamArA sandeha dUra ho gayA / bhavAntara - vijJAnI zramaNa ne hameM parAjita kara diyA / " ina donoM brAhmaNoM ke nAma the- agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti / sabhI se prazaMsita pariSad (zAstrArtha - sabhA) samApta huI / agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti ne apane parAjaya kI bAta apane mAtA ( agrilA)-pitA (somadeva) jAkara kahI / roSa se pradIpta hokara unhoMne unase kahA: "beTe ! jisa zramaNa ne tumheM bharI sabhA meM tiraskRta kiyA, usakA cupake se vadha kara do|" "aise mahAn AtmAvAle tapasvI kA vadha kaise kiyA jAyagA ?" beToM ne kahA / "taba hameM hI mAra DAlo, lekina pratikUladharmI mata bano / " mAtA-pitA ne kahA / I mAtA-pitA kI bAta rakhane ke lie agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti madhyarAtri meM satya ke pAsa gaye / satya sAdhu 'sumana' yakSa kI zilA para kAyotsarga kara rahe the / yakSa ke vidyAprabhAva se donoM durAcArI brAhmaNaputra citralikhita kI taraha stambhita ho gye| subaha hone para unake bandhuoM ne unheM vaisI avasthA meM dekhA, to sabhI ne satya sAdhu se unake jIvana kI rakSA ke nimitta prArthanA kii| sAdhu ne kahA ki yakSa ne kruddha hokara inheM stambhita kiyA hai| yakSa se bahuta prArthanA kI gaI, phira bhI vaha brAhmaNaputroM ko kSamAdAna ke lie taiyAra nahIM huaa| anta meM, satya sAdhu ke kahane para yakSa

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350 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti ko bRhatkathA zAnta huA aura brAhmaNaputra prakRtistha ho gye| tadanantara, donoM brAhmaNaputroM ne satya ke pairoM para girakara zuddha hRdaya se nivedana kiyA : "bhagavan ! ApahI hamAre rakSaka haiN| Aja se hama Apake ziSya hue| hama sAdhudharma kA pAlana to nahIM kara sakate, para gRhadharma svIkAra karate haiN| isake bAda ve donoM aNuvrata (jaina gRhastha ke lie nirdhArita niyama) dhAraNa karake zrAvaka ho gye| phira, unhoMne apane mAtA-pitA se bhI zramaNa-dharma svIkAra kara lene kA Agraha kiyaa| lekina, unhoMne apane beTe kA Agraha nahIM maanaa| ___ isa kathA se spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM zramaNa-dharma svIkAra karane ke lie brAhmaNadharmiyoM ko vivaza kiyA jAtA thA aura isake lie aindrajAlika vidyAbala taka kA bhI sahArA liyA jAtA thA / vastutaH, yaha tatkAlIna brAhmaNa-dharma aura zramaNa-dharma ke bIca calanevAlI pArasparika khIMcatAna ko sUcita karanevAlA manoraMjaka dRSTAnta hai| sAtha hI, isase yaha bhI saMketita hotA hai ki usa yuga meM zramaNa-dharma aura brAhmaNa-dharma meM ApasI anAsthA kI dhAraNA bar3I prabala thii| yadyapi, tatkAlIna brAhmaNa yuvA pIr3hI meM zramaNa-dharma ke prati thor3A-bahuta AkarSaNa to rahatA bhI thA, kintu purAnI pIr3hI ke loga zramaNoM ko prAya: hikArata kI najara se hI dekhate the| saMghadAsagaNI ne brAhmaNa ke lie kaI paryAyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, jaise brAhmaNa, dvijAti, vipra, upAdhyAya Adi; kintu, prAkRta meM unhoMne 'brAhmaNa' ke lie 'mAhaNa' aura 'baMbhaNa' ye do rUpa prayukta kiye haiM aura 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra, unhoMne mAhaNa kI nirukti kI hai-'mA jIvaM haNa tti' / arthAt, basa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI mana, vANI aura zarIra se jo hiMsA nahIM karatA, vahI 'mAhaNa' (saM. mAhana) hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki udAradRSTi kathAkAra ne brAhmaNa ko jAti-bandhana meM na jakar3akara, sampUrNa rUpa se ahiMsA-dharma ke pAlanakartAoM ko 'brAhmaNa' zabda se paribhASita kiyA hai| yadyapi, unhoMne pazuvadha ke pracAraka hiMsAvAdI brAhmaNoM kI bhI bhUriza: carcA kI hai aura isa krama meM prAya: vaidika paramparA ke brAhmaNoM ko hI Ar3e hAthoM liyA hai| kathAkAra ne brAhmaNa ko 'paTujAti' zabda se bhI vizeSita kiyA hai| vasudeva ne cArudatta seTha ko brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM hI apanA paricaya diyA thaa| isalie unhoMne jaba gandharvadattA ke sAtha vINA bajAI aura gIta gAyA, taba seTha ne unakI vAdana aura gAna-vidhi ke sambandha meM saMgItAcAryoM se mantavya maaNgaa| taba, AcAryoM ne kahA ki paTujAti ne jo bajAyA, use ApakI putrI ne gAyA aura ApakI putrI ne jo bajAyA, use paTujAti ne gaayaa| kahanA na hogA ki kathAkAra ne brAhmaNa ke isa vizeSaNa dvArA usake cAlAka jAti ke sadasya hone kI ora vyaMgyagarbha parokSa saMketa kiyA hai| kula milAkara, sAmantavAdI kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI jAtivAdI to nahIM haiM, kintu unakI pUrI-kI-pUrI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya, ina tInoM jAtiyoM kI tristhUNA para AdhRta hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne tridaNDI parivrAjakoM kI jugupsA jI kholakara kI hai, sAtha hI brAhmaNa bhikSuNiyoM para bhI tIkSNa AkSepa kiye haiN| vaidika sAdhuoM ko kArpaTika (kapaTI, mAyAvI) taka kahA hai, sirpha kahA hI nahIM hai, kathA ke dvArA lakSya-lakSaNa kI saMgati bhI upasthita kI hai| kathAkAra kA etadviSayaka AkSepa anapekSita yA ayathArtha nahIM hai, apitu usane brAhmaNa-paramparA ke bhikSu-jagat 1. tasapANe viyANettA saMgaheNa ya thaavre| jona hiMsai tiviheNaM taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // u. sU., 25.22

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana meM vyApta tatkAlIna anAcAroM kA nirvaiyaktika bhAva se yathAtathya citraNa upasthita kiyA hai / yoM, sAMkhyamata ke anuyAyI saMnyAsiyoM kI 'tridaNDI' saMjJA zAstrasammata hai / kintu, dhammillahiNDI kI agadattamuni-kathA meM kathAkAra ne paracittamohaka vyavahAra meM parama paTu eka aise tridaNDI parivrAjaka se pAThakoM kI bheMTa karAI hai, jo apane tridaNDa (chadma guptI) meM zastra chipAkara rakhatA thA aura rAta ArAmukha naharanI se seMdhamArI karatA thA / usa pAkhaNDI tridaNDI kI huliyA kathAkAra ke zabdoM meM dekhie : "vaha geruA vastra pahane hue thA; eka kapar3A uttarAsaMga ke rUpa meM, usake zarIra ke UparI bhAga para thA; eka vastrakhaNDa ko kandhe ke Upara tathA kA~kha ke nIce se lAkara pheMTA bA~dhe hue thA; bAyeM hAtha meM kamaNDalu laTakA thA aura bAyeM hI hAtha se pakar3A gayA tridaNDa usake kandhe ko chU rahA thA; dAyeM hAtha se vaha mAlA phera rahA thA; thor3I hI dera pahale usane apanI dAr3hI aura 351 mur3avAye the, sAtha hI vaha mana-hI-mana kucha budabudA rahA thA " ( dhammillahiNDI : pR. 40 ) / yaha tridaNDI cora hI nahIM thA, hatyArA bhI thA / isa prakAra, vaha parivrAjaka ke nAma para kalaMka thA / parivrAjikAe~ bhI tridaNDa aura kamaNDalu dhAraNa karatI thiiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathA (madanavegAlambha : pR. 232) hai ki zUrasena - janapada ke sudIpta sanniveza ke soma nAmaka brAhmaNa kI putrI aMjanasenA nirvedavaza parivrAjikA ho gaI thI / vaha tridaNDa aura kamaNDalu dhAraNa karatI thI, athaca sAMkhya tathA yogazAstra meM usakA vizeSa praveza thaa| vaha gA~voM, nagaroM aura janapadoM meM ghUmatI rahatI thI : "tidaMDakuMDiyadharI saMkhe joge ca kayappavesA gAma-nagara-jaNavaesu viharaMtI / " yaha paNDitA hote hue bhI khaNDitA / isane mathurA ke sAgaradatta sArthavAha kI patnI mitrazrI ko nAgasena nAmaka vaNikputra se vAsanAtmaka prema karane ke lie bahakAyA-phusalAyA thA, jisake lie mathurA ke rAjA ne usake nAka-kAna kaTavAkara use deza-nirvAsana kA daNDa diyA thA (tatraiva : pR. 233) / kArpaTika sAdhu bIhar3a jaMgalI rAstoM se acchI taraha paricita rahate the / cArudatta jaba jaMgala meM bhaTaka gayA thA, taba vaha eka kArpaTika sAdhu kI sahAyatA se hI bahuta kaSTapUrvaka usa ghora jaMgala se bAhara nikala pAyA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 145 ) / tridaNDI parivrAjaka yAjJavalkya aura sAMkhya-vyAkaraNa meM kuzala parivrAjikA sulasA, ina donoM ne paraspara yaunAcAra meM lipta hokara avaidha santAna pippalAda ko janma diyA thaa| pippalAda - praNIta hiMsAyajJamUlaka atharvaveda meM nirdiSTa upadezoM ke pAlana ke phalasvarUpa hI pippalAda ke ziSya vardalI ko chaha bAra janma-maraNa kA kaSTa bhoganA par3A thA (tatraiva : pR. 151-153) / saMghadAsagaNI ne zramaNa-dharma kA parityAga kara brAhmaNa-dharma svIkAra karanevAle kSatriya bhUpatiyoM ko bhI apane AkSepa kA lakSya banAyA hai| kathA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 163) hai ki RSabhasvAmI jaba kaccha, mahAkaccha Adi cAra hajAra kSatriyarAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kara mauna vihAra kara rahe the, tabhI pAraNA ke samaya bhikSA ke lie jaba vaha gRhasthoM ke ghara gaye, taba gRhavAsiyoM ne kanyAe~, sonA, vastra aura AbhUSaNa tathA hAthI-ghor3e prastuta kiye| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke sAtha dIkSita cAra hajAra kSatriya- bhUpati bhUkha se pIr3ita hone ke kAraNa duHkhI rahate the| unhoMne bhagavAn kI bAtoM kI avahelanA kara dI aura ve abhimAnI ho gaye / punaH rAjA bharata ke bhaya se ve jaMgaloM meM phala-mUla kA AhAra lene lage tathA valkala aura carma dhAraNa karanevAle brAhmaNa-matAnuyAyI tapasvI ho gaye /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA sampradAyoM ke ullekha ke krama meM saMghadAsagaNI ne cokSa-sampradAya' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| tAmralipti nagara ke sArthavAha mahezvaradatta kI mAtA bahulA cokSavAdinI thI ( kathotpattiH pR. 14) / yaha cokSa-sampradAya Upara se to zucitA kA pradarzana karatA thA, kintu bhItara se mAyA aura kapaTa ke AcaraNa meM Alipta rahatA thA / isalie, bahulA ko 'uvahi-niyaDikusalA cokkhavAiNI' kahA gayA hai| 'cokSa' spRzyAspRzyavAdI sampradAya - vizeSa thA / 352 saMghadAsagaNI ne parama bhAgavata-sampradAya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| avantI - janapada kI ujjayinI nagarI kA ibhya sAgaracanda parama bhAgavata - dIkSA se sampanna thA aura bhagavadgItA ke sUtra, artha aura paramArtha ko jAnatA thA / usane apane putra samudradatta kI gRhazikSA ke lie eka parivrAjaka ko gRhazikSaka niyukta kiyA thA, kyoMki sAgaracanda ko isa bAta kI AzaMkA thI ki usakA putra anya zAlAoM meM par3hegA, to pAkhaNDI ho jAyagA / kintu, viDambanA kI bAta to yaha huI ki gRhazikSaka parivrAjaka samudradatta kI mA~ candrakSI ke hI sAtha yaunAcAra meM lipta ho gayA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 50 ) / yahA~ bhI kathAkAra ne paramabhAgavata sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM kA caritrApakarSaNa hI dikhalAyA hai| ina sampradAyoM ke atirikta saMghadAsagaNI ne dizAprokSI ( vAnaprastha saMnyAsiyoM kA sampradAya) aura nAstikavAdI sampradAyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / isa prakAra, unhoMne brAhmaNa aura zramaNadharma-sampradAya ke utkarSApakarSa ke vividha atirecaka citra 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aMkita kiye haiM, jinase tatkAlIna bhAratIya sAMskRtika samAja kA vaicitryapUrNa mAnasikatA ubharakara sAmane AtI hai I usa yuga ke sAmAnya sAMskRtika jIvana ke varNana kI dRSTi se saMghadAsagaNI dvArA aura bhI aneka tathyoM kI udbhAvanA kI gaI hai, jinameM katipaya pramukha tathyoM kA yahA~ saMkSipta vivaraNa- vivecana prAsaMgika hogA / vastra aura alaMkaraNa : vastra : kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ke yuga meM prayukta honevAle vastroM aura alaMkaraNoM se tatkAlIna samRddha samAja kA paridarzana hotA hai| kathAkAra ne usa yuga meM vyavahRta honevAle vibhinna vastroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaise : kAzika, paTTatUlikA, haMsalakSaNa, dasipUra kSaumavastra, kambalarala, devadUSya Adi / vivAha ke pUrva samalaMkRta zarIravAlI vasudeva- patnI bandhumatI kA jo citra kathAkAra ne chAyAMkita kiyA hai, usameM tadyugIna vastroM aura alaMkAroM ke varNana kA eka sAtha pratinidhitva ho jAtA hai / varNana isa prakAra hai : 1. cokSa (caukSa, apapATha caikSa) kA sAdhAraNa artha pavitratA kA sUcaka hotA hai| zrIcandrabalI pANDe abhinavagupta ke matAnusAra cokSa kA artha ekAyana bhAgavata karate haiN| cokSa para TIkA karate hue abhinavagupta ne kahA hai : "cokSA bhAgavatavizeSA ye ekAyanA iti prasiddhAH / " bharata (18 / 34) ke anusAra cokSa, parivrAjaka, muni, zAkya, zrotriya, ziSTa aura dhArmikoM ko saMskRta bolanA Avazyaka thaa| 'padmaprAbhRtakam' bhANa meM cokSa pavitraka ke varNana se patA calatA hai ki Aja kI taraha una dinoM bhI bhAgavatoM ko chuAchUta kA roga lagA thA, goki kabhI-kabhI ve vezyAgamana se bhI bAja nahIM Ate the| amAtya viSNudAsa ke varNana se cokSoM ke rUpaM para kucha aura adhika prakAza par3atA hai| ( "eSahi vetradaNDakuNDikA bhANDasUcitovRSalacaukSAmAtyo viSNudAsa : 1 " --pAdatADitaka, 24 / 5) corkSe ke atirikta 'caturbhANI' meM bhAgavatadharma para kucha-kucha prakAza par3atA hai| 'pAdatADitakam' meM cokSopacAra, cokSopAyana Adi kA ullekha bhI huA / vizeSa dra. 'caturbhANI' kI motIcandra-likhita bhUmikA, pR. 82 /

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 353 "usake bAda sukhAsana para baiThe hue vasudeva ko vara ke yogya upakaraNoM se sajAyA gayA / maMgalamaya parivezavAlI saubhAgyavatI striyoM se ghara bhara gayA / ujjvala veza meM parijanoM ke sAtha bandhumatI bAhara AI / usa samaya vaha dUrvAMkura mizrita phUla kI mAlA pahane hue thI, kAnoM meM uttama phUloM ke kuNDala jhUla rahe the, usakA kezapAza cUr3AmaNi kI kiraNoM se anuraMjita thA, ujjvala kanaka- kuNDala kI prabhA se anulipta A~khoM se usakA mukha kamala jagamagA rahA thA, lAla-lAla hatheliyoMvAlI usakI latA jaisI lacIlI bhujAe~ manohara svarNa-keyUra se alaMkRta thIM, tarala hAra se alaMkRta puSTa stanoM ke bhAra se usakI deha kA madhyabhAga mAnoM kaSTa pA rahA thA aura karadhanI se ba~dhe jaghana-maNDala kI gurutA se usake kamala jaise paira parizrAnta-se pratIta hote the, kamala ke vinA bhI vaha lakSmI kI taraha zobhA bikhera rahI thI, snAna aura prasAdhana ke vividha pAtra liye dAsiyoM se vaha ghirI huI thI aura sapheda bArIka rezama ke vastra pahane aura cAdara or3he hue (bandhumatIlambha: pR. 280) / " saMghadAsagaNI ke isa nakha-zikha-varNana se yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha usa yuga ke vibhinna alaMkaraNoM se hI paricita nahIM the, apitu usakI paridhAna - paddhati aura zRMgAra - sAdhanoM dvArA kI jAnevAlI prasAdhana - vidhi se bhI pUrNatayA avagata the| sapheda bArIka rezamI vastra ke lie kathAkAra ne 'kAzikasita kSauma' (prA. 'kAsikasiyakhaumaparihANuttarIyA) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / dIptyarthaka 'kAz' dhAtu se 'kAzika' zabda niSpanna huA hai| isalie, spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM sapheda bArIka camakanevAle rezamI vastra ko hI 'kAzika' kahA jAtA hogA / yoM, 'kAzika' ko kAzI nAmaka sthAna- vizeSa se jor3A jAya, to prasiddha banArasI sapheda silka kI kImatI sAr3I kI ora bhI . kathAkAra kA saMketa abhAsita hotA hai / usa yuga meM, rAjabhavana meM palaMga para paTTatUlikA ke AstaraNa kA prayoga pracalita thA aura uttama vastra ko 'pravara vastra' ('pavaravatthaparihio; pR. 230 ) kahA jAtA thA / madanavegA ke sAtha vivAha ke bAda vasudeva ne pravara vastra (uttama vastra) pahane aura parama svAdiSTa bhojana kiyaa| usake bAda vaha paTTatUlikA ke AstaraNavAle palaMga para baiThe, phira sukhapUrvaka so gaye ('sayaNIe paTTatUliya'cchuraNe saMviTTho, suhapasutto; tatraiva, pR. 230 ) / paTTa, arthAt rezama kI taraha mulAyama ruI ko 'paTTatUlikA' kahate haiM / spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM takiye aura bichAvana meM jisa ruI kA prayoga hotA thA, vaha rezama kI bhA~ti mulAyama hotI thI / bhartRhari ne bhI apane 'vairAgyazataka' meM paTTasUtra aura upadhAna (zloka saM. 74 aura 79 ) kI carcA kI hai| 1 usa yuga meM, eka prakAra kA, haMsa kI taraha ujalA rezamI vastra pracalita thA, jise kathAkAra ne 'haMsalakSaNapa' kahA hai / 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' meM 'haMsalakSaNa' zukla yA zveta kA paryAya hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM nIlayazA ke nakhazikha-varNana meM use kahA gayA hai: "haMsalakkhaNANi dhavalANi khomANi nivasiyA (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 179) / " arthAt, vaha haMsadhavala rezamI vastra pahane huI thii| isI prakAra, vasudeva jaba magadha- janapada meM the, tabhI jarAsandha ke AdamiyoM ne unheM bandI banA liyA aura myAna se talavAra nikAlakara khar3e ho gye| vaisI saMkaTapUrNa sthiti meM vasudeva namaskAra - mantra japane lage, jisake prabhAva se devI-rUpa meM koI vRddhA strI unheM Upara uThA le gaI aura dUra le jAkara dharatI para chor3a AI / vRddhA strI haMsalakSaNa sUkSmojjvala vastra se apanA zarIra Dhake hue thI, jisase vaha phenapaTa se AvRta gaMgA jaisI lagatI thI (prabhAvatIlambha: pR. 350 ) / isa prasaMga se yaha sUcita hotA hai ki vidyAdhariyA~ prAyaH

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354 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA sUkSmojjvala vastra hI pahanatI thIM aura isIlie sUkSmojjvala vastra sAMskArika divyatA kA pratIka thA / vasudeva jaba gandharvadattA ke nimitta Ayojita sAMgItika anuyoga-sabhA meM jA rahe the, taba saMgItAcArya sugrIva kI patnI (upAdhyAyAnI) ne unheM sapheda mahArgha vastra - yugala, aMgarAga, phUla aura pAna dekara bidA kiyA thA ("diNNaM ca NAe paMDaraM mahagdhaM ca vatthajuyalaM samAlabhaNaM puNataMbolAi" : gandharvadattAlambha: pR. 127) vasudeva kI vidyAdharI patnI bhI ujjvala paTTaTAMzuka (rezamI vastra pahanatI / (" dhavalapaDapaTTesuyadharA alaMkArasuMdarIhiM aNugammamANI", prabhAvatIlambha: pR. 351) kintu, seTha cArudatta kI jisa amitagati nAma ke vidyAdhara se bheMTa huI thI, vaha pItAmbaradhArI thA ("NhAyasarIro taheva pIyaMbaro kaNagAbharaNabhUsio"; gandharvadattAlambha: pR. 139) / saMghadAsagaNI ne kSaumavastra kA bahudhA ullekha kiyA hai| ekAdha bAra cInAMzuka, kauzaya aura dukUla kI bhI carcA kI hai| kintu vastra ke lie sAmAnyataH aparicita zabdoM kA bhI ullekha unhoMne kiyA hai| jaise: dasipUra aura kasavarddhana / pIThikA meM 'dasipUra' aura gyArahaveM raktavatIlambha meM 'kasavarddhana' vastra kA varNana AyA hai| pIThikA kI balAnmUka rAhuka kI kathA (pR. 86) meM kahA gayA hai ki ujjayinI se pA~ca AdamI magadha aaye| unameM tIna vaNikputra the aura do unake sahayAtrI naukara (karmakara) the / vaNikputroM meM eka rAhuka nAma kA thaa| rAhuka gore-sA~vale (arthAt gehue~) raMga kA thaa| vaha ujalA kapar3A pahane hue (zvetAmbara) thA aura barabasa gU~gA (balAnmUka) banA huA thA / zeSa do vANikputra gore raMga ke the aura sindUrI raMga ke kapar3e pahane hue the| donoM naukara kAle-sA~vale raMga ke the, jinameM eka, kambala meM ba~dhA pAtheya aura kapar3e kA gaTThara Dho rahA thA aura dUsarA, 'dasipUra' ( = saM. dazApUra) vastra se ba~dhI gaTharI liye hue thA : "tatyego kaMbaleNa pAheyaM vatthAI poTTalabaddhAI ca vaha iyaro a dasipUravattheNaM' (pR. 86) / " 1 raktavatIlambha kI kathA (pR. 218) hai ki vasudeva jhIla se nikalakara ilAvarddhana nagara ke rAjamArga para phuNce| rAjamArga itanA prazasta thA ki usapara aneka ratha AsAnI se eka sAtha A-jA sakate the| vaha aneka rasikoM aura vividha vezadhArI puruSoM se bharA thaa| unhoMne vahA~ dukUla, cInAMzuka, haMsalakSaNa, kauzeya, kasavarddhana Adi vastra dekhe, jo vikrayArtha phailAkara rakhe gaye the / vividha raMgoM se nirmita una vastroM meM kucha kesariyA raMga ke the, kucha ke raMga kamala aura palAzapuSpa kI taraha the, kucha vastra to kabUtara kI garadana ke raMga (rAkha ke samAna = 'aiza kalara) kI bhA~ti aura kucha pravAla aura mainasila (lAla raMga kI upadhAtu) ke raMga ke samAna the| isa prakAra ke vastroM ke atirikta, vidyutkAnti jaise camakanevAle tathA mRgaloma se bane vastroM evaM vibhinna raMgoM ke UnI kambaloM ke bhI Dhera lage the 1 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' meM 'dazA' kA artha sUta yA Una kA choTA aura patalA dhAgA kiyA gayA hai| ApTe ne bhI 'dazA' kA artha (vastra ke chora kA) dhAgA hI diyA hai| 'dasipUra' kA saMskRta rUpa yadi 'dazApUra' mAnA jAya, to ise dazA + pUra = Una ke dhAge se bunA gayA UnI vastra yA kambala ke prakAra kA vastra kahanA asaMgata nahIM hogaa| kambala se gaTharI bA~dhane kI prathA to Aja bhI pracalita hai / aura, mUla meM varNita prasaMgAnusAra 'dasipUra' kA UnI kambala artha hI ucita pratIta hotA hai / 'kasavarddhana' zabda ko kathAkAra ne dukUla, cInAMzuka, haMsalakSaNa aura kauzeya ke sAtha hI ginAyA hai, isalie yaha bhI viziSTa prakAra kA rezamI vastra hI rahA hogA / yoM, 'dukUla' rezamI vastra

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana hai aura 'haMsalakSaNa' bhI haMsa kI taraha sapheda bArIka rezamI vastra hai / 'cInAMzuka' cIna deza meM nirmita rezamI vastra ke nAma se ciraprasiddha hai / 'kauzeya' (koza se utpanna) tasara vastra ke rUpa meM bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana kA atizaya paricita vastra hai / ataeva, spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra dvArA nAmataH saMketita ukta sabhI vastra rezamI yA kSauma aura UnI yA dasipUra vastroM ke hI bhedopabheda haiM / kahanA hogA ki usa yuga meM sUtI vastra kI apekSA rezamI aura UnI vastroM kA vyavahAra hI adhika hotA thA aura rezamI vastra rAjAoM, sAmantoM aura seTha-sArthavAha jaise abhijAta vargoM meM adhika gauravAspada mAne jAte the| sAtha hI, dhArmika saMskAra aura vrata-tyohAra ke avasaroM ke lie bhI, rezamI vastra zucitA aura ruciratA kI dRSTi se, adhika anukUla hote the 1 355 saMghadAsagaNI dvArA carcita 'kambalarala' bhI isa prasaMga meM ullekhya hai / yaha bhI uttama koTi kA UnI yA rezamI kambala thA, jisakA vyavahAra prAya: rAjagharAne meM hI hotA thA / suvidhi vaidya ke putra kezava ko krimikuSThI sAdhu kI cikitsA karane ke krama meM kambalaratna kI AvazyakatA par3I thI, to rAjaputra ne kambalarala lAkara use diyA thA (" rAyaputteNa kaMbalarayaNaM diNNaM "; nIlayazAlambha : pR. 177) / yaha kambalaratna bar3A zItala hotA thA / kuSTha ke kITANu ThaNDI vastu adhika AkRSTa hote haiM, isalie cikitsA ke krama meM kuSTharogI ko kambalaratna or3hAyA jAtA thA, jisameM kuSTha ke kIr3e A lagate the (...tavasI kaMbaleNa saMvario, taM sIyalaM ti tattha laggA kimI ; tatraiva) / usa yuga ke rAjA kUrpAsaka pahanate the ("rAyA ya kuppAsaasaMvuo devakumAro viva maNaharasarIro",; puNDrAlambha: pR. 212) / kUrpAsaka kA paridhAna svarNakAla meM adhika pracalita rahA hogaa| amarakoza ne kUrpAsaka kA artha cola kiyA hai| kSIrasvAmI ke anusAra, kUrpAsaka kI vyAkhyA hai : 'kUrpare'syate kUrpAsaH strINAM kaJcalikAkhyaH / ' DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anusAra, kUrpAsaka thor3e bheda se strI aura puruSa donoM kA pahanAvA thA / striyoM ke lie yaha colI ke DhaMga kA thA aura puruSoM ke lie phatuI yA mirjaI ke DhaMga kA / isakI do vizeSatAe~ thIM, eka to yaha kaTi se U~cA rahatA thA aura dUsare prAyaH AstIna - rahita hotA thA / vastutaH kUrpAsaka nAma isIlie par3A ki isameM AstIna kohaniyoM se Upara hI rahatI thI / mUlataH kUrpAsaka bhI cInacolaka kI hI taraha madhya eziyA kI vezabhUSA meM pracalita thA aura vahIM se isa deza meM AyA / ' saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita vastroM meM devadUSya kA bhI mahanIya sthAna hai / yaha devatA ka vastra yA divya vastra hotA thA / lokAntika devoM dvArA pratibodhita hone para bhagavAn RSabhasvAmI bharata Adi putroM ko rAjya dekara devoM dvArA lAI gaI 'sudarzanA' nAma kI zibikA para AsIna hue aura 'siddhArtha' vana meM jAkara ekamAtra devadUSya (devapradatta vastra dhAraNa kiyA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 163) / pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke mahAbhiniSkramaNa ke samaya unheM devatA eka viziSTa vastra pradAna karate the aura vaha use dhAraNa karake tapovihAra meM nirata ho jAte the / kintu, digambara tIrthaMkaroM ke nagna rUpa meM pravrajita hone kI prathA thI aura yahI zvetAmbaroM se unakA bheda thA / 'oghaniryukti' (315) ke anusAra, jaina sAdhviyA~ 'addharuka' nAmaka vastra-vizeSa pahanatI thiiN| kozakAra ApTe ke anusAra, arddhAMruka striyoM ke pahanane kA antarvastra thA, jo Ajakala 'peTIkoTa' yA 'sAyA' kahA jAtA hai / 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : " harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana", ucchvAsa 7, pR. 152-153 |

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356 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA yadyapi, saMghadAsagaNI ne ghor3e ke damana ke lie taiyAra dhammilla ko kUrpAsaka aura aoruka pahane hue citrita kiyA hai ("kuppAsayasaMvuyasarIro addhokhyakayabAhicalaNo"; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 67) / amarakoza meM 'aoruka' aura 'caNDAtaka' striyoM kA vastra mAnA gayA hai| aoruka kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai : UorIcchAdakamaMzukamorukam arthAt AdhI jA~gha DhakanevAlA vastra aoruka' hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prayukta vastroM ke uparyukta saMkSipta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM ruI aura jAntava romoM se bane vibhinna prakAra ke vastroM kA vyavahAra hotA thaa| sapheda vastroM ke prati samadhika AgrahazIlatA ke bAvajUda raMga-viraMge vastroM kA AkarSaNa bhI kama nahIM thaa| dhammilla ke samIpa meghamAlA jaba AI thI, taba vaha raktAMzuka pahane hue thI ('rattaMsuyaekkavasaNA'; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 73) / dhammilla ne bhI vividha raMgoMvAle vastroM ko pahana kara udyAna-yAtrA kI thI (tatraiva : pR. 64: "viviharAgavatyavesadhArI appANaM kAUNa') / 'anuyogadvArasUtra', 37 ke anusAra jAntava yA kITaja vastra ke pA~ca prakAra kahe gaye haiM: paTTa, malaya, aMsuga, cInAMsuya aura kimirAga / saMghadAsagaNI ne paTTa, aMsuga aura cInAMsuya jaise rezamI vastroM ke varNana ke prati adhika abhiruci pradarzita kI hai| sAtha hI, kauzeya (tasara ke vastra) aura dukUla kI bhI nAmata: carcA kI hai| kathAkAra ne vastroM ke vizeSaNa meM 'mahArha' 'mahariha' (bar3oM ke yogya) zabdakA prayoga bAra-bAra kiyA hai| sAtha hI, tailAbhyaMga ke samaya pahane jAne vAle vastrakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai (padmAlambha : pR. 205) / sAtha hI, tailAbhyaMga ke samaya pahane jAnevAle vastra kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai 'siNehadhAraNIyavasthaparihio; (padmAlambha : pR. 204) / kintu, dhyAtavya viSaya yaha hai ki paravartI kAla (vizeSatayA bANabhaTTa ke samaya) meM vastroM kA jitanI vyApakatA aura vividhatA ke sAtha ullekha haA hai, saMghadAsagaNI ke kAla meM usakA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| ___ alaMkaraNa : mahAn kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM tatkAlIna prayukta honevAle vividha ramya alaMkaraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| eka nagara meM koI gaNikA rahatI thii| usake pAsa vaibhavazAlI rAjA, amAtya aura ibhyaputra AyA karate the| ye jaba gaNikAgRha se vApasa jAne lagate the, taba gaNikA kI smRti ke lie usake dvArA pahane gaye alaMkaraNa sAtha le jAte the / (kathotpatti: pR. 4) / ina alaMkaraNoM meM hAra, arddhahAra, kaTaka aura keyUra hote the| 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ke anusAra, nau lar3iyoMvAle hAra ko 'arddhahAra' kahA jAtA thaa| kuNDinapura ke rAjA bhISmaka kI putrI rukmiNI muTThI meM samAne lAyaka ('karaparimiya) apane puSTa (pIna) stanoM ko 'vaTTahAra' (vRttahAra), yAnI golAkAra mAlA se sajAtI thI ("karaparimiya vaTTahArapahasiya-pINathaNajuyala . ."; pIThikA, pR. 80) / saMghadAsagaNI ne vasudeva ko apane pAsa aneka prakAra ke AbhUSaNa rakhanevAlA batAyA hai / vasudeva ne campApurI ke saMgItAcArya sugrIva kI patnI ko, saMgIta-zikSaNArthI ziSyoM meM apane ko sammilita karAne ke nimitta AcArya sugrIva se siphAriza ke lie pradhAna (zreSTha) ratna se dIpta kaTaka pradAna kiyA thA (... mAhaNIe kaDayaM dinnaM pahANarayaNadIviyaM"; gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 127) / cArudatta ke mitra gomukha ne nAlukApradeza para jisa strI (vidyAdharI) ke padacihna dekhe the, usase anumAna lagAyA thA ki vaha strI pairoM meM nUpura pahanatI thI aura kaTi meM kiMkiNI (dhuMgharuoM-kSudraghaNTikAoM se yukta AbhUSaNa-vizeSa) bhI dhAraNa karatI thI ("imANi itthipayANi khikhiNimuhanivaDiyANi paNhatyaNapurakiMcibimbANi ya dIsaMti"; tatraiva: pR. 136) / usa yuga meM svarNa-kuNDala aura svarNa-keyUra to bahupracalita AbhUSaNa the| viSNukumAra ne jaba divya rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thA, taba unake grISmakAlIna dopahara ke sUrya kI bhA~ti duSprekSya

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vasadevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 357 camakavAle mukuTa se nikalate maNimayUkha se dizAmukha raMjita ho uThA thA; unake kAnoM meM kuNDala jhUla rahe the, jo pUrNa candrabimba kI taraha pratIta hote the; unake vizAla vakSaHsthala para ujjvala sarpa ke phaNa kI bhA~ti hAra suzobhita thA; unakI donoM bhujAe~ kaTaka (kar3A) aura keyUra se vibhUSita thIM, jisase vaha indradhanuSa se cihnita gaganadeza ke samAna dikhAI par3ate the; unake gale se laTakate vastrAMcala meM motiyoM ke dAne jar3e hue the aura vaha ratnavizeSa kI mAlA pahane hue the (tatraiva, pR. 130) / saMghadAsagaNI ne kaTaka ke sAtha hI 'truTita' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai: "aha tattha cArucaMdo kumAro kAmapaDAgAya naTTammi parituTTho kaDaya-tuDiyamAdINi savvANi AbharaNANi chatta-cAmarAo ya dalayai" (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 293), arthAt kumAra cArucandra ne kAmapatAkA ke nRtya (nRtta) se parituSTa hokara use apane kaTaka, truTita Adi sAre AbharaNa aura chatra, cAmara Adi bhI de diye / isase spaSTa hai ki truTita bhI bAhu meM pahanane kA AbhUSaNa- vizeSa thaa| 'paumacariya' meM bhI puNyazAlI mRdumati aura abhirAma deva ke devaloka meM rahate samaya donoM ko truTita dhAraNa kiye hue citrita kiyA gayA hai : "surabahuyAmajjhagayA divvaMgatuDiyakuMDalAbharaNA (82.104) / " vasudeva kI patnI bAlacandA jaba lalita gati se calatI thI, taba usake vizAla jaghanapradeza para par3I mekhalA (karadhanI) bajane lagatI thI ("muhalamehalakalAvapaDibaddhAviulajahaNabhara sIyamANalaliyagamaNA"; bAlacandrAlambha, pR. 367) / gandharvakalAkuzalA, potanapura-nareza kI putrI bhadramitrA kI vizAla zroNi sone ke kAMcIdAma se ba~dhI thI ("kaMcaNakaMcidAmapaDibaddhavipulasoNI"; bhramitrAsatyarakSitAlambha, pR. 355) / vasudeva kI patnI prabhAvatI maMgalanimittasUcaka eka lar3I kA hAra apane gale meM dhAraNa kiye hue dRSTigocara huI thI ("maMgalanimittamegAvalibhUsiyakaMThagA"; prabhAvatIlambha, pR. 351) / isI prakAra, ketumatI kA kambugrIva bhI bhAsvara AbhUSaNa se jagamaga thA ("bhUSaNabhAsurakaMbugrIvA"; ketumatIlambha : pR. 349) / vasudeva kI patnI bandhumatI bhI jaba lagnamaNDapa meM AI thI, taba usakA kezapAza cUr3AmaNi ke mayUkha se raMjita thA, usake pIvara stana tarala hAra se alaMkRta the, vaha kaladhauta svarNa kA kuNDala pahane hue thI, lAla hatheliyoMvAlI bhujAoM meM manohara keyUra dhAraNa kiye hue thI (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 280) / svayaM vasudeva bhI kAnoM meM kanaka-kuNDala dhAraNa karate the ("kuMDalavilihijjaramaNijjasavaNo"; padmAlambha : pR. 204) / ___ kRSNaputra zAmbakumAra jo mukuTa pahanatA thA, usameM 'prataraka' (vRttapatrAkAra AbhUSaNa-vizeSa) lage rahate the, jo calate samaya mu~ha para laTaka Ate the| tabhI to buddhisena ne zAmbakumAra se kahA thA ki mukuTa ke prataraka laTaka Aye haiM, unheM donoM hAthoM se Upara uThA lIjie ("ajjautta! mauDassa payaragANi lalaMti, dohi vi hatyehiM NaM uNNAmehi tti"; pIThikA, pR. 101) / karNapUra AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karane kI prathA bhI usa yuga meM atizaya lokapriya thii| isa vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki usa kAla meM alaMkAroM kA pracura prayoga hotA thaa| strI-puruSa yadi kama alaMkAroM kA bhI prayoga karate the, to ve alaMkAra mahAgha hI hote the| meghamAlA dhammilla ke pAsa bahuta kama, kintu bahumUlya AbhUSaNoM ko pahanakara AI thI ("theva-mahagyAbharaNA"; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 73) / dhammilla bhI lalitagoSThI meM sammilita hone ke lie aneka prakAra ke maNi-ratna se zobhita (khacita) AbhUSaNoM ko pahana karake prasthita huA thA (tatraiva : pR. 64) / usa samaya ke sabhI rAjA mukuTa dhAraNa karate the| kunthusvAmI ke caraNoM meM sira jhukAnevAle rAjAoM kI mukuTamaNi kI kiraNoM se unakA (kunthusvAmI kA ) pAdapITha raMjita rahatA thA: "paNayapatyivasahassa

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358 . vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA mauDamaNikiraNaraMjiyapAyavIDho (ketumatIlambha : pR. 345) / " jarAsandha kA pAdapITha bhI vinata sAmantoM ke mukuTo, kI maNi-kiraNoM se anuraMjita rahatA thA : 'sAmaMtapatyivapaNayamauDamaNikarA''raMjiyapAyakIDho' (vegavatIlambha : pR. 247) / usa yuga meM eka jor3A paTTavastra aura eka jor3A kaTaka se kisI ko sammAnita karane kA kArya sAmAjika-sAMskRtika dRSTi se atizaya mUlyavAn mAnA jAtA thA (pIIpulayAyamANasarIrA paTTajuyalaM kar3agajuyalaM ca dAUNa visajjei"; ketumatIlambha : pR. 356) / saMghadAsagaNI ne kahIM-kahIM nAmata: alaMkAroM kA varNana na karake sAmUhika zabdasaMketa-mAtra kara diyA hai| jaise: "savvAlaMkArabhUsiyA" (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 57), "savvAlaMkAra-vibhUsio" (kathotpatti : pR. 7)" "alaMkiyavibhUsiyo" (tatraiva : pR. 16), "vatthA''bharaNabhUsio" (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 18), "savvAlaMkArabhUsiyasarIro" (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 33), "alaMkArasuMdarIhi suMdarIhiM" (ketumatIlambha : pR. 351), "coisarayaNAlaMkAradhAriNI" (tatraiva : pR. 345), "thovamahagyAbharaNo" (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 279), "kalahoya-kaNaka-maNipajjotiyA''bharaNabhUsiyaMgI" (madanavegAlambha : pR. 246), "mahagyA''bharaNAlaMkiyA" (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 179) Adi / 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai ki tatkAlIna nAgarikoM ke gharoM meM avasara-vizeSa para devatA ratnoM aura maNiyoM kI barasA karate the| ratla aura maNiyoM se jar3e alaMkAroM kA bhI bahuta adhika prayoga hotA thaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne eka-se-eka uttama raloM kA ullekha kiyA hai| zAntinAtha ke tIrthaMkarAbhiSeka ke samaya devoM ne unake pitA ke bhavana meM raloM kI varSA kI thii| (ketumatIlambha : pR. 340) / isI prakAra, kisI bhikSu ko 'kimicchita' bhakta-pAna se santuSTa karane para devatA dAtA ke ghara meM AkAza se suvarNa-vRSTi karate the, jisakI pAribhASika saMjJA 'vasudhArA' thii| isakI gaNanA paMcadivyoM meM hotI thii| pAraNArthI sAdhu ko pratilAbhita karAne para devatAoM dvArA paMcadivya utpAdita karane kI paramparA thii| jaise: pahale sugandhodaka kI varSA hotI thI; phira pA~ca raMga ke phUla barasAye jAte the; usake bAda suvarNavRSTi kI jAtI thI aura devatA dundubhI bajAte the; tadanantara vastroM ko ur3Ate the aura anta meM 'aho dAnam !' kI dhvani karate the (nIlayazAlambhaH pR. 165) / saMghadAsagaNI ke sUcanAnusAra, usa yuga ke bhojanapAtra bhI suvarNa, ratna aura maNi se nirmita hote the ("kaNaga-rayaNa-maNibhAyaNopaNIyaM bhojaNaM"; prabhAvatIlambha : pR. 352) / gaNikAoM ke gharoM meM ratna kA pAdapITha hotA thA, jo gaNikAoM ke caraNa-saMsarga se dhanya banA rahatA thA (kathotpatti: pR. 4) / zarIra para dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle alaMkAroM kI bAta chor3ie, prAkAroM aura bhavanoM kI dIvAreM bhI ratna, suvarNa, rajata aura maNiyoM se khacita rahate the (ketumatIlambha : pR. 341) / ratnajaTita bhavanoM meM maNikuTTima bhI bane hote the| yoM, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM ranoM kI bhUriza: carcA kI hai, kintu nAmata: ullikhita do rala vizeSa dhyAtavya haiN| ye donoM rala hai: kuruvinda aura zrIvatsa / kathAkAra ne nakhazikha-varNana ke krama meM prazasta jaMghA ko kuruvinda ke vRtta yA Avarta (golAI) se upamita kiyA hai| jaise: "kuruviMdAkttasaMThiyapasatyajaMgho" (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 162), "jaMghA kuruviMdavattasaMTThiyAo" (bhadramitrA-satyarakSitAlambha : pR. 353), "kuruviMdakttANi jaMghANaM" (ketumatIlambha : pR. 344) Adi / 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ne 'kuruvinda' kI pahacAna maNi-vizeSa yA ratna kI eka jAti ke rUpa meM prastuta

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 359 kI hai| ApTe ne ise 'lAlamaNi' kahA hai| 'kalpasUtra' kA sAkSyollekhapUrvaka 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' meM kahA gayA hai ki kuruvindaratna se bane bhUSaNavizeSa ko 'kuruvindAvarta' kahate haiM / 'bRhat hindI-koza' ne kuruvinda kA artha 'mANika' kiyA hai| isa vivaraNa se yaha AbhAsita hotA hai ki usa yuga meM kuruvinda maNi atyadhika zreSTha samajhI jAtI thI aura usakI golAI evaM masRNatA atizaya dIpta evaM manorama hotI thI, tabhI to saMghadAsagaNI jaise bhAratIya saMskRti ke sUkSma adhyetA kathAkAra ne prazasta jaMghA ke upamAna ke lie kuruvinda maNi kA nirvAcana kiyaa| yadyapi, paravartI kAla meM saMghadAsagaNI kI yaha varNana-rUDhi grAhya na ho skii| isa tathya ko anumAna ke AdhAra para isa rUpa meM samajhA jA sakatA hai ki paravartI kAla meM kuruvinda maNi kA lopa ho gayA, isalie vinA usako dekhe varNana karanA kaviyoM ko asaMgata pratIta huA hogaa| 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ke anusAra, paravartI kAla meM ekamAtra 'gauDavaho' (AThavIM zatI) meM hI kuruvinda kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa vivecana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne kuruvinda maNi avazya dekhI hogI, anyathA Agamokta varNana kI punarAvRtti kara dI hogii| 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ne 'aupapAtika sUtra' Agama kA udAharaNa bhI upasthita kiyA hai: "enniikuruviNdcttvttttaannupuvvjNce|" 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ne kuruvinda kA eka artha kuTilika roga yA jaMghAroga-vizeSa bhI kiyA hai| isase yaha bhI sahaja anumeya hai ki kuruvinda kI AkRti se jaMghA kA AkRtisAmya avazya hI hogA, tabhI AyurvedajJoM ne 'kuruvinda' ko jaMghAroga kahA hogaa| AkRtisAmya se rogoM ke nAma rakhane kI Ayurveda kI apanI paripATI rahI hai| jaise, zarIra meM praviSTa zUla cubhane jaisA kaSTa denevAle roga ko, zUla kI kaSTadAyaka AkRti ke sAmya se, zUla kahA jAtA hai| yA phira, vAtaroga kI 'tANDava' saMjJA usake zira:kampa Adi nRtya kI bhaMgimA ke lakSaNasAmya se hI nirdhArita kI gaI hogii| zrIvatsa cihna vaidika paramparA aura zramaNa-paramparA meM samAna bhAva se carcita hai| yaha cihna mahApuruSoM ke vakSaHsthala para aMkita rahatA thaa| yaha eka U~cA avayavAkAra cihna-vizeSa hotA thaa| vaidika paramparA meM yaha cihna viSNu ke vakSaHsthala para aMkita mAnA gayA hai aura zramaNa-paramparA meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM tathA balarAma aura kRSNa jaise zalAkApuruSoM ke vakSaHsthala para aMkita batAyA gayA hai| ApTe ne zrIvatsa kA artha chAtI para bAloM kA ghUghara yA cihnavizeSa artha kiyA hai| purANaprasiddha samudra-manthana se prApta kaustubha maNi ko bhI kRSNa ne apane vakSaHsthala para dhAraNa kiyA thaa| sambhavatayA, isI maNi ke AdhAra para zArIrika zrIvatsa lAMchana kA bhI ratnAlaMkAra-vizeSa meM rUpAntaraNa ho gyaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai ki rohiNI ne jisa samaya balarAma ko utpanna kiyA, usa samaya usakA vakSaHsthala zaMkha, kundapuSpa aura candramA ke samAna ujjvala zrIvatsa ke lAMchana se aMkita thA (rohiNIlambha, pR. 366) / isake atirikta, RSabhasvAmI ke nakhazikha-varNana meM bhI saMghadAsagaNI ne unheM "sirivacchaMkiya visAlavaccho' (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 162) kahA hai| 'liMgapurANa' meM azva-vizeSa kI chAtI para kuMcita zveta kezaguccha ko zrIvatsa kahA gayA hai| ina vivaraNoM se spaSTa hai ki zrIvatsa prasiddha uttama aMgalakSaNoM meM anyatama thA aura isa prakAra yaha eka viziSTa mAMgalika yA svastika cihna thaa| zrIvatsa kA yahI rUpa dhIre-dhIre vikasita hokara ratnamaya alaMkaraNa ke rUpa meM apanA svatantra abhijJAna rakhane lgaa| DaoN. jagadIza gupta ne kahA hai ki do sau IsavI-pUrva bharahuta kI vedikA 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya DaoN. jagadIza gupta kA lekha 'zrIvatsa : eka rahasyAtmaka mAMgalika cihna', 'manoramA' (ilAhAbAda), janavarI (dvitIya pakSa), san 1978 I, pR.9

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* 360 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA para utkIrNa yakSI kI kaNThamAlA ke madhya meM zrIvatsa piroyA huA hai| sAtha hI, I. pU. prathama zatI kI kalA meM zrIvatsa prAyaH triratna ke sAtha samAna rUpa meM upasthita milatA hai / sA~cI (ma.pra.) ke stUpa tathA udayagiri-khaNDagiri (utkala) kI toraNa- racanA isakA pratyakSa pramANa hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, kahanA na hogA ki ratnoM aura maNiyoM aura unase nirmita alaMkaraNoM kI pracura carcA kI gaI hai aura yaha bhI sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki usa yuga meM eka-se-eka ratnapArakhI (jauharI) bhI hote the / ratna- pArakhiyoM meM ibhyaputroM kA sthAna sarvopari thI ("so ya puNa rayaNaparikkhAkusalo"; kathotpatti : pR. 4) / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki tatkAlIna lokajIvana meM AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kulAcAra ke rUpa meM pracalita thaa| isake atirikta kucha AbhUSaNa aise the, jo nirantara dhAraNa nahIM kiye jAte the, apitu viziSTa avasaroM para hI unheM pahanA jAtA thA / saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai ki jaba zAmba aura bhAnu meM alaMkaraNa- pradarzana kI bAjI lagI thI, taba zAmba ke agraja pradyumna ne mahAdevI zivA (neminAtha kI mAtA) se una AbhUSaNoM ko mA~gA thA, jinheM ariSTanemi (bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara : pradyumna ke cAcA) ko devoM ne diyA thaa| isa bAta para pradyumna se mahAdevI ne kahA thA : " pradyumna ! tumhAre lie kucha adeya nahIM hai / kintu tumhAre cAcA ke AbhUSaNa kSatriya nirantara dhAraNa nahIM karate / anyathA, tumheM maiM de detI / samprati, jisa kArya ke lie tuma unheM mA~ga rahe ho, usakI sampannatA ke lie le jAo ( pIThikA: pR. 106) / " aMga-prasAdhana aura sajjA : saMghadAsagaNI ne ratnoM, maNiyoM aura suvarNa ke vividha prakAroM se nirmita alaMkaraNoM kI carcA ke sAtha hI aMga-prasAdhana ke varNana ke krama meM puSpAbharaNoM kI bhI bhUrizaH AvRtti kI hai| jUr3e meM dUrvAMkura aura pravAlayukta phUloM kI mAlA dhAraNa karane kI to tatkAlIna sAmAnya prathA thI / nIlayazA ke vizeSaNa meM kahA bhI gayA hai: "siyakusumaduvvApavAlasaNAhake sahatyA"; (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 179) / kathAkAra ne usa yuga meM zrIdAma mAlA ke dhAraNa karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| ("niggayassa me siridAmagaMDaM pAesu laggaM; tatraiva : pR. 179) yaha zrIdAma mAlA phUloM se banatI thI, jisakI zobhA advitIya hotI thI / jyotiSprabhA aura sutArA ne kramazaH acala aura tripRSTha ke gale meM ratnamAlA ke sAtha hI phUla kI mAlA arpita kI thI ("te ya NAhiM rayaNamAlAhiM kusumadAmehiM ya acciyA" ketumatIlambha: pR. 314) / usa samaya puruSa apane mAthe meM phUla kI mAlA yA khuzabUdAra phUloM kI kala~gI bA~dhate the / vyAyAma ke dvArA halakA zarIra banAye hue dhammilla ne jisa ghur3asavAra kA bAnA dhAraNa kiyA thA, usa samaya usane sugandhita phUloM kI kala~gI mAthe meM lagAI thI aura vaha paMchI kI taraha khela-hI-khela meM ghor3e para car3ha gayA thA: " kuppAsyasaMvuyasarIro, addhoruyakayabAhicalaNoM, surahikusumabaddhaseharo vicittasobhaMtasavvaMgo, kayavAyAmalaghusarIro vihago viva lIlAe ArUDho (dhammilahiNDI : pR. 67) / " phUla kI mAlAe~ AbharaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta to hotI hI thIM, sajAvaTa ke kAmoM meM bhI unakA vyApaka prayoga hotA thA / svayaMvara - maNDapa ke khambhoM meM sugandhita mAlAe~ sajAne kA ullekha saMghadAsagaNI ne kiyA hai: "sarasa- surahimalladAma-pariNaddhakhaMbha- sahassasanniviTTho / " (ketumatIlambha: pR. 314) / " svarNamaya kamaloM ("kaNayamayakamalamAlApaDibaddha", tatraiva : pR. 314 ) aura pA~ca raMga ke phUlo ("dasaddhavaNNapuSpapuNNabhUmibhAo" tatraiva : pR. 314) kI mAlAe~ sajAvaTa

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361 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana ke kAma meM adhika prazasta mAnI jAtI thiiN| isI prakAra, 'samavazaraNa' (dharmasabhA) ko bhI vividha, vRntasahita sthala aura jala meM utpanna sugandhita phUloM se sajAye jAne kI carcA kathAkAra ne kI hai: "samosaraNabhUmI beMTapayaTThANapaMcavaNNayajala-dhalayasaMbhavasugaMdha puSphAvakArasirI (tatraiva : pR. 345) / " saMghadAsagaNI ne prasAdhana ke sAdhanoM meM anya upakaraNoM ke atirikta phUla kI mAlAoM ko bhI vizeSa sthAna diyA hai| vasudeva svayaM prasAdhana-vidhi ke vizeSajJa tathA uttama koTi kI mAlAoM ke nirmAtA the| caubIsaveM padmAvatIlambha (pR. 355) kI kathA hai ki eka bAra vasudeva ghUmate-ghAmate kollakira nagara pahu~ce / vahA~ 'saumanasa' nAma kI vanadevI ke Ayatana meM anna aura pAnI kA vitaraNa ho rahA thaa| jagaha-jagaha susajjita prapAmaNDapa (panazAlA) bane hue the / U~cI-U~cI gaganacumbI aTTAlikAoM kI saghana katAroM se vaha nagara suzobhita thaa| vizrAma karane kI icchA se vasudeva vahA~ ke azokavana meM pahu~ce / phUloM ko cunane meM vyasta mAlAkAroM ne unakA sAgraha Atithya kiyA / tabhI, eka aprAptayauvanA bAlikA ne Akara mAlAkAroM se kahA ki ve zIghra phUla sajAkara le AyeM, tAki vaha unheM rAjakumArI ke pAsa le jA sake / vasudeva ne bAlikA se yaha jAnakArI prApta kI ki vaha rAjakumArI rAjA padmaratha kI putrI hai, jo catura citrakAra dvArA citrita bhagavatI lakSmI ke samAna sundara hai aura kalA-kuzalatA meM sAkSAt sarasvatI / phira kyA thA, vasudeva ne eka lalita avasara DhU~r3ha nikaalaa| vasudeva ne bAlikA se vividha varNa aura gandhavAle phUla ma~gavAye / bAlikA phUla le aaii| vasudeva ne lakSmI ke pahanane yogya zrImAlA (zrIdAma) taiyAra kii| bAlikA usa mAlA ko lekara jaba rAjakumArI padmAvatI ke pAsa gaI, to vaha mAlA gUMthane kI nipuNatA dekhakara vasudeva ko apanA anukUla pati hI mAna baiThI aura bAlikA ko eka jor3A paTTavastra tathA eka jor3A sone kA kar3A upahAra meM diyA / ____ 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha sUcita hotA hai ki usa samaya rAjabhavana meM mAlA aura itra (gandhadravya) ke alaga-alaga prabhArI hote the, jo atithiyoM ke svAgata-sammAna ke lie rAjA kI ora se mAlA aura itra bheMTa karate the| pradyumna jaba brAhmaNa-bAlaka kA rUpa dharakara satyabhAmA ke ghara ke dvAra para upasthita hue the, taba vahA~ mAlAkAra ne unheM phUla kA mukuTa pahanAyA thA aura kubjA ne aMgarAga-lepana diyA thaa| pradyumna ne prasanna hokara kubjA (kubar3I) dAsI ke kUbar3apana ko dUra karake manohara zarIravAlI strI ke rUpa meM pariNata kara diyA thA (pIThikA : pR. 95) / brAhmaNa-paramparA meM kathA hai ki kRSNa ne kubjA ko kUbar3apana se mukta kiyA thaa| saMghadAsagaNI ke yuga meM striyA~ alaktaka kA bhI prayoga karatI thiiN| kuzAgrapura kI prasiddha gaNikA vasantatilakA snAna ke bAda hAtha meM ainaka lekara jaba apanA prasAdhana kara rahI thI, taba usane apanI mA~ vasantasenA se alaktaka le Ane ko kahA thA ("mAyA ya NAe bhaNiyA-"ammo ! ANehi tAva alattayaMtti"; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 32) / isI prakAra, vasudeva ne zmazAna meM par3e hue alaktaka se apane bhAI-bhAbhiyoM ke nAma kSamApaNa-patra likhA thaa| ("susANojjhiyamalattagaM gaheUNa khamAvaNa-leho lihio gurUNaM devINaM ya"; zyAmAvijayAlambha : pR. 120) / usa yuga ke prasAdhana ke sAdhanoM meM snehAbhyaMga (tela-ubaTana), surabhita gandhacUrNa (pAuDara) Adi vastuoM kI bhI pradhAnatA rahatI thii| tailAbhyaMga (tela-mAliza) kA kAma prAya: rUpayauvanavatI dAsiyA~ hI karatI thiiN| vedazyAmapura kI vanamAlA nAma kI strI ne vasudeva ko sahadeva nAma kA apanA devara ghoSita karate hue svayaM unako snehAbhyaMga, ubaTana Adi ke sAtha, mala-malakara aura ragar3a-ragar3akara

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362 . vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI vRhatkathA snAna karAyA thaa| snAna ke bAda puna: zarIra para tailAbhyaMga kiyaa| phira, vasudeva ke kapar3A paharane ke bAda vanamAlA kA pitA, jo rAjA kapila kA mahAzvapati thA, unake lie bhojana le AyA (kapilAlambha : pR. 199) |isii prakAra, vasudeva jaba rAjA abhagnasena ke Agraha para rAjabhavana calane ko taiyAra hue, taba unakI savArI ke lie hAthI upasthita kiyA gyaa| vasudeva mahAvata ko pIche baiThane ke lie kahakara svayaM gajamastaka para jA baitthe| kutUhalI janoM ne unakA jaya-jayakAra kiyaa| rAjA vismita ho utthaa| darzakoM se avaruddha mArga para vasudeva dhIre-dhIre hastisaMcAlana kara rahe the| loga unake rUpa, vaya aura bala kA varNana karate hue unakI prazaMsA kara rahe the| citrakalA meM kuzala kucha loga kaha rahe the: "oha ! yaha puruSa yahA~ rahe, to hamAre lie bar3A acchA praticchanda (maoNDela) bana sakatA hai|" mahaloM kI khiDakiyoM meM khaDI yavatiyA~ unapara ghrANa aura mana ko sakha denevAle phUla tathA cUrNa bikhera rahI thiiN| vasudeva, krama se toraNa aura vanamAlA se alaMkRta rAjabhavana phuNce| vahA~ unakI arghyapUjA kI gii| usake bAda vaha hAthI se utare aura vimAna jaise mahala ke bhItara gye| rAjA ke parijana paritoSavisarpita A~khoM se unheM dekha rahe the| unhoMne apane paira dhoye, phira tailAbhyaMga ke samaya pahanane ke yogya kapar3e dhAraNa kiye| kuzala dAsiyoM ne unake zarIra para sugandhita taila lagAkara mAliza kii| phira, snAnAgAra meM le jAkara dAsiyoM ne unheM maMgalakalaza se snAna kraayaa| usake bAda ve uttama vastra pahanakara bhojana-maNDapa meM sukhapUrvaka baiThe aura sone ke baratanoM meM parosA gayA svAdiSTha bhojana unhoMne grahaNa kIyA (padmAlambha : pR. 203-204) / ___ uparyukta kathA-prasaMga se na kevala prasAdhana ke vividha sAdhanoM kA, apitu tatkAlIna aneka sAMskRtika tathyoM kA bhI digdarzana hotA hai| isase tadyugIna samAja kI samRddhi, ruci-pariSkAra aura vilAsamaya jIvana kI saundarya se abhibhUta karanevAlI manorama jhA~kI milatI hai aura svayaM caritranAyaka vasudeva saMskRti ke zobhApuruSa ke rUpa meM ubharakara sAmane Ate haiN| tatkAlIna prasAdhanoM meM pA~ca raMga ke phUla aura pA~ca raMga ke gandhacUrNa adhika vyavahAra meM Ate the| snAna ke pUrva tela-ubaTana kA prayoga sAmAnya taura para pracalita thaa| nahAne ke lie snAnAgAra hote the, jahA~ anekAneka maMgalaghaTa jala se bhare rakhe rahate the| itra kA lepa yA aMgarAga kA vilepana bhI khUba jamakara kiyA jAtA thaa| anta:pura kA sArA vAtAvaraNa uttejaka aura sugandhimaya hotA thaa| zarIra para khuzabUdAra pAuDara bhI khUba male jAte the| dhUpa, vizeSakara kAlAguru ke dhUpa-dhUma se mahala kA konA-konA adhivAsita rahatA thaa| pa~caraMge phUloM kI to bharamAra rahatI thii| zobhA aura sajAvaTa tayugIna sAmAjika jIvana kI sAMskRtika vizeSatA thii| vibhinna raloM aura alaMkAroM se sArA pariveza raMgamaya dIpti se ullasita rahatA thaa| rezamI vastroM kI vividhatAe~ manomohaka rUpa-vinyAsa aura (Akarka aMga-lAvaNya kA vitAna tAnatI thiiN| isa prakAra, kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne tatkAlIna alaMkRta saMskRti kA adbhuta sAmrAjya hI upasthita kara diyA hai| vAdyayantra : saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita vAdya ke sambandha meM, prastuta zodhagrantha ke lalitakalA-prakaraNa meM carcA ho cukI hai| yahA~ lokasAMskRtika dRSTi se katipaya vAdyayantroM kA vivaraNa-vivecana aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| saghadAsagaNI dvArA yathAprastuta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usa samaya

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363 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana prayukta vAdyayantroM meM paTaha, bhambhA, zaMkha, vINA, paNava Adi kI hI pramukhatA thii| palliyoM meM rahanevAle loga paTaha, bhaMbhA, zaMkha, Adi vAdyoM kA prayoga karate the| dhammilla jaba vimalasenA ke sAtha ratha para savAra hokara jA rahA thA, tabhI usane paTaha (Dhola), nagAr3A (bhambhA) aura zaMkha bajAte tathA kolAhala karate kucha logoM ko Ate dekhaa| ve aMjanagiri kI kandarA ke nikaTavartI azanipallI (gA~va) ke adhipati ke AdamI the, jo usake (adhipati ke) senApati ajitasena ke netRtva meM cala rahe the (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 56) / ___ 'hindI-zabdasAgara' meM paTaha kA artha nagAr3A aura dundubhI diyA hai| 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' tathA 'saMgItapArijAta' ke matAnusAra paTaha kA artha Dhola yA Dholaka hai| 'saMgItapArijAta' meM spaSTa likhA hai ki 'paTaho Dholaka iti bhaassaayaam| aura phira, spaSTa vyAkhyA dI hai ki paTaha bherI-jAti kA vAdya hai, jo Der3ha hAtha lambA hotA hai| kisI-kisI ke mata se yaha sthUla camar3e se mar3hA hotA hai| koI use patale camar3e se bhI mar3hatA hai| yaha lakar3I yA hAtha se yA eka sAtha donoM se bajAyA jAtA hai / 'saMgItasAra' ke anusAra bhI madhyakAlIna Dholaka ko hI prAcIna yuga meM paTaha kahA jAtA thaa| maharSi bharata (nATyazAstra, 33.16) ne paTaha ko pratyaMga vAdyoM ke antargata mAnA hai / aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para paTaha bhArata ke prAcInatama avanaddha (carmAcchAdita) vAdyoM meM anyatama pratIta hotA hai / prAcIna campAnagara meM bhI paTaha-vAdya lokAdRta thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna aMga-janapada ke vartamAna prasiddha nagara bhAgalapura aura phira usake pUrva, baMgAla ke lokajIvana meM 'campAnagarI Dhola' vivAha-saMskAra, devIpUjA (durgApUjA) Adi ke avasaroM para vizeSa taura se bajAyA jAtA hai| Adhunika bhArata ke vibhinna rAjyoM meM mAMgalika avasara para vibhinna prakAra ke Dhola vividha rIti se bajAye jAne kI prathA loka-pracalita hai| asama-kSetra meM bRhadAkAra paTahoM ke vAdaka kalAkAra unakI vAdya-vidhi meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| prAkRta ke AgamakAlIna aura paravartI kathA-sAhitya meM bhambhA' vAdya kA pracura ullekha apanA anyatradurlabha vaiziSaTya rakhatA haiN| saMghadAsamaNI dvArA prayukta bhambhAvAdya Agamika paramparA kA hI anuvartana hai| 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' meM, vibhinna Agamika granthoM (NAyAdhammakahAo, bhagavatIsUtra Adi) ke sAndarbhika ke pariprekSya meM, bhambhA kA artha bherI diyA hai| vaidika yA prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM bherI kA bahuza: varNana upalabdha hotA hai| yoM, bherI kA sAmAnya artha nagAr3A yA dundubhI bhI hai| Dhola yA DhakkA bhI ise kahA jAtA hai| AcArya bharata ne (nATyazAstra : 33.27) gambhIra svaravAle vAdyoM meM bherI, paTaha, jhajjhA, dundubhi aura DiNDima kA varNana kiyA hai| prAcIna saMgItazAstra meM bherI aura raNabherI nAma se do pRthak vAdyoM kA varNana AyA hai| DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra bherI ko mRdaMga-jAti kA vAdya mAnate haiN| paTaha aura bherI prAya: yuddhavAdya ke rUpa meM yA tANDava jaise ugra nRtya meM prayukta hote the| tANDava nRtya ke pravartaka mahAkAlezvara zivajI ko paTaha, DamarU Adi kA nAda atizaya priya hai| isIlie, kAliMdAsa ne 'meghadUta' meM, ujjayinI ke varNana-krama meM mahAkAla-mandira kI sandhyApUjA ke samaya paTaha jaisI dhvani karane kA nirdeza megha ko diyA hai| yahA~ spaSTa hai ki paTaha, bhambhA aura zaMkha kA prayoga saMghadAsagaNI ne yuddhavAdyoM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| 1.vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dra. : 'bhAratIya saMgIta-vAdya' : DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra,pR.8.81 / 2. bhAratIya saMgIta-vAdya' : DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra, pR.86 / 3. kurvansandhyAbalipaTahatAM zUlinaH zlAghanIyAm / (pUrvamegha, 34)

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA bhArata kA atizaya prasiddha yuddhakAvya 'mahAbhArata' yuddha ke varNanoM se bharA par3A hai| 'mahAbhArata' yuddhavAdyoM ke vistRta prayoga kA sarvottama udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai| isameM aneka sthAnoM para tUrya, bherI, mRdaMga, paNava, zaMkha Adi kI tumula dhvaniyoM ke sAtha sainikoM ko yuddha ke lie prasthAna karate citrita kiyA gayA hai / droNaparva (88.1) meM bherI, mRdaMga aura zaMkha kI dhvaniyoM ke sAtha senA kA kUca karanA varNita hai / vAlmIkirAmAyaNa (6.37.52) meM bherI, paNava aura gomukha ke sAtha-sAtha kumbha kA bhI ullekha AyA hai| yuddhavAdyoM meM zaMkha kA bhI pramukha sthAna thA / 'gItA' ke prathama adhyAya ke varNana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki na kevala sAmAnya sainika, apitu bar3e-bar3e vIra apanA-apanA zaMkha rakhate the / zrIkRSNa kA pAMcajanya, arjuna kA devadatta, bhIma kA pauNDra, yudhiSThira kA anantavijaya, nakula kA sughoSa tathA sahadeva kA maNipuSpaka zaMkha thaa| sapheda ghor3oM se yukta uttama ratha meM baiThe hue zrIkRSNa aura arjuna ne alaukika zaMkha bajAye the| pANDava - senA kI bhayaMkara zaMkhadhvani se AkAza aura pRthvI gU~ja uThI thI / 'mahAbhArata' ke zAntiparva (100.46) meM kSveda, kilakila Adi vAdyoM kI una dhunoM ke nAma prApta hote haiM, jo yuddharata sainikoM meM utsAha bharatI thiiN| yuddha ke samaya vAdyoM ke prayoga kA prAcInatama ullekha vedoM meM prApta hotA hai / samaya dundubhI tathA Adambara yuddha meM prayukta honevAle mukhya vAdya the| 'Rgveda' meM yuddha ke samaya dundubhI dvArA utsAha-vRddhi kA sundara varNana prApta hotA hai|' atharvaveda meM bhI yuddhavAdyoM kI prazaMsA tathA unakI zakti kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 364 saMghadAsagaNI kA prastuta vAdya prasaMga bhI uparyukta prAcIna yuddhavAdyoM ke hI pariprekSya meM upanyasta huA hai / prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa dekhane se spaSTa patA calatA hai ki isa deza meM sadA yuddha hote rahate the / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI isake aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| dhammilla ne jaba cora -senApati arjuna kA vadha kara diyA, taba azanipallI kA senApati paTaha, bhambhA aura zaMkha bajAte, vijaya-vaijayantI phaharAte tathA yuddhotsAhaka 'kilakila' zabda karate hue ("... paDaha-bhaMbhArava-saMkhasaddavomIssaM vijayavejayaMtIya sohiyaM bhaDakilakilaravomIsaM ukkaTThisaddaM..."; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 56 ) apane sainikoM ke sAtha dhammilla ke pAsa AyA thA aura dhanyavAda jJApita karate hue usane usase (dhammilla se) apane adhipati kA kRtajJatA - sandeza diyA thA ki 'tumane cora -senApati kA vadha karake azanipallI ke atizaya bhayotpAdaka mArga ko nirupadrava aura kalyANamaya kara diyA hai|" ("tumae kira ajjuNao nAma coraseNAvatI mArio, bahubhayajaNaNo ya imo maggo khemIkao / " tatraiva : pR. 56) nizcaya hI, jaisA kahA gayA, saMghadAsagaNI ke yuddhavAdya kA yaha prasaMga prAcIna bhAratIya zAstroM ke yauddhika pariveza se prabhAvita hai| 1. pAJcajanyaM hRSIkezo devadattaM dhanaJjayaH / pauNDraM dadhmau mahAzaGkhaM bhImakarmA vRkodaraH // anantavijayaM rAjA kuntIputro yudhiSThiraH / nakulaH sahadevazca sughoSamaNipuSpakau // - gItA : 1. 15-16 (isake atirikta zloka-saM. 12, 13, 14, 17, 18 aura 19 bhI draSTavya hai / ) 2. Rgveda, 6. 47. 29-31 3. atharvaveda, 5. 20-21

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365 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha saMketita hai ki usa yuga meM paNava aura dundubhI jaise avanaddha vAdyoM kA bhI prayoga pracalita thaa| 'paMcadivya' utpanna karate samaya devoM dvArA dundubhI bajAne kA spaSTa ullekha hai| nagAr3A, dhauMsA, nakkArA, nisAna, damAmA Adi dundubhI ke hI bheda the / veda, brAhmaNagrantha, saMhitAgrantha, sUtragrantha, AraNyaka, purANa Adi samasta prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya dundubhI ke varNanoM se vyApta hai / isa sandarbha meM vizeSa zodha-vivaraNa DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra ke 'bhAratIya saMgItavAdya' nAmaka pustaka meM draSTavya hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne rohiNIlambha (pR. 364) meM vasudeva ko paNavavAdaka ('goja') ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai / Dhola bajAnevAle Dholakiye ko usa samaya 'goja' kahA jAtA thaa| kisI vidyA-devI ne rohiNI ko Dholakiye ke rUpa meM vasudeva ko pahacAnane kA saMketa kiyA thA aura usI devI ne vasudeva ko bhI yaha rahasya batA diyA thaa| devI ke AdezAnusAra, vasudeva paNava (Dhola) lekara svayaMvara-maNDapa meM DholakiyoM ke bIca jA baiThe the aura Dhola bajA dene para rohiNI ne unakA varaNa kara liyA thaa| 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' meM 'gojja' zabda kA ullekha huA hai aura ise dezI zabda mAnA gayA hai, jisakA artha gavaiyA yA gAyaka diyA gayA hai| 'paumacariya' meM bhI gAyaka ke lie 'gojja' zabda kA prayoga gAyaka-vizeSa ke hI artha meM huA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prasaMgAnusAra, 'goja' kA artha DholakiyA hI sambhava hai; kyoMki jaba vasudeva ne Dhola bajAyA, taba rohiNI ne unakA varaNa kiyA aura tabhI svayaMvara meM upasthita rAjA kSubdha hokara Apasa meM pUchane lage ki rohiNI ne kisakA. varaNa kiyA, taba kisI ne kahA ki Dholakiye kA varaNa kiyA hai ("keI bhaNaMti-gojo vario" ; tatraiva, pR. 364) / jJAtavya hai ki mRdaMga ke samAna paNava bhI bhArata kA atiprAcIna avanaddha vAdya hai| maharSi bharata ne avanaddha aMgavAdyoM meM mRdaMga, paNava aura dardura kI gaNanA karate hue inheM sarvAdhika mahattva diyA hai (nATya, 33.16) / 'mahAbhArata', 'gItA', 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' Adi meM paNava kI bhUriza: carcA AI hai / bharatamuni ne paNava ko vizvakarmA kI sahAyatA se svAti aura nAradamuni dvArA nirmita kahA hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita tata vAdyoM meM vINA kA bhUriza: ullekha milatA hai| vINA ke sambandha meM vizada carcA prastuta zodha-grantha ke pichale pRSThoM meM kI jA cukI hai| sAmagAna ke samaya veNu hI aisA vAdya thA, jisake svara sthira the, ataeva usI se vINA milAI jAtI thii| jaba svara-nAmoM meM aneka parivartana hone lage, taba manISiyoM ne veNu ke sthAna para vINA ko pramukhatA dii| vaidika vADmaya ke upalabdha vAdyoM meM vINA kA pramukha sthAna hai| 'vINA' ko vedoM meM 'vANa' bhI kahA gayA hai| 'Rgveda' meM tantuvAdyoM ko 'AghATI' kahA gayA hai (10.146.2) / vaidikottara sUtra aura smRtikAla meM bhI vINA kA mahattva svIkRta kiyA gayA hai / 'yAjJavalkyasmRti' (3.4.15) meM 'vINAvAdanatattvajJa' ko mokSamArga kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| 'zAMkhAyana zrautasUtra' 1. vINAvaMsasaNAhaM, gIyaM naDanaTTachattagojjehiM / baMdijaNeNa saharisaM,jayasaddAlAyaNaM ca kayaM // (85.19) 2. gatvA (dhyAtvA) sRSTaM mRdaGgAnAM pusskraansRjtttH| paNavaM dardurAMzcaiva sahito vizvakarmaNA // (33.10)

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366 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA meM to zatatantrI vINA kA ullekha hai| vINA ke sandarbha meM ke lie DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra ne apanI pustaka 'bhAratIya saMgItavAdya' meM aneka mahattvapUrNa zodha-sUcanAe~ Akalita kI haiN| kahanA na hogA ki vaidika yuga se Adhunika yuga taka tantrI-vAdyoM ke vikAsa kA apanA aitihAsika mUlya hai| vINA-vAdana kI pratispardhA kA eka manorama citra budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke solahaveM-satrahaveM adhyAya meM upalabdha hotA hai, jisakI 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'gandharvadattAlambha' kI vINA-pratiyogitA ke varNana se tulanA karane para sambhAvanA hotI hai ki ina donoM samAnAntara kathAoM kA mUla srota guNADhya kI (adhunA aprApya) 'bRhatkathA' rahI ho / pazu-pakSI-sarpa : lokasAMskRtika tathyoM ke udbhAvana-krama meM saMghadAsagaNI ne pazuoM, pakSiyoM aura so kA bhI bar3I sUkSmadarzitA ke sAtha citraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne vanya jantuoM meM vAnara, bAgha, siMha, rIcha, bhAlU, gandhahastI, vanyahastI, rurumRga, vAtamRga Adi pazuoM evaM bhAruNDa, mayUra Adi pakSiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isI prakAra, yathAprasaMga ghor3A, hAthI, gAya, mahiSa evaM kukkuTa, kabUtara, sArikA (mainA), suggA Adi gharelU pAlatU pazu-pakSiyoM kA varNana bhI kathAkAra ne prastuta kiyA hai| isake atirikta, kaI bhayAnaka sA~poM kA to romAMcaka aura rucikara citraNa upanyasta kiyA gayA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne do sthaloM para kruddha bAgha kA bar3A svAbhAvika varNana kiyA hai : pahalA, agaDadattacarita meM aura dUsarA dhammillacarita meN| zyAmadattA ke sAtha ratha para jAte hue agaDadatta ne jaMgala meM apane sAmane jo bAgha dekhA thA, usakA varNana isa prakAra hai : vaha bAgha, logoM ko duHkha dene meM kabhI na thakanevAle yamarAja ke lie bhI bhaya utpanna kara rahA thaa| usake kesara bar3e lambe-lambe the| (bAgha ke kesara hone kI kalpanA se yaha spaSTa hai ki agaDadatta ne bAgha nahIM, apitu siMha dekhA thaa| yoM, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prayukta 'vagdhaM' zabda bAgha-siMha kI sAmAnyatA kA sUcaka hai|) vaha apanI lambI pU~cha ko Upara uThAkara phaTakAra rahA thA aura lAla kamaladala kI taraha apanI jIbha ko bAhara nikAla rahA thaa| usakA jabar3A atizaya kuTila aura tIkhA thaa| jisase vaha bahuta DarAvanA laga rahA thA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 45) / vaha bAgha jisa jaMgala meM rahatA thA, use bhI bar3A bIhar3a batAyA gayA hai : atyanta bhayAvanA vaha jaMgala aneka prakAra ke vRkSoM se durgama banA huA thA; jagaha-jagaha vibhinna prakAra kI latAoM kI ghanI jhAr3iyA~ thIM; pahAr3a kI guphAoM se nikale jharanoM kA pAnI jamIna para phailA huA thA; vibhinna prakAra ke pakSiyoM kI AvAjeM vahA~ gUMja rahI thIM; jhIMgura bar3e karkaza svara meM jhanakAra rahe the; kahIM bAgha kI gurrAhaTa tathA rIcha (bhAlU) kI ghuraghurAhaTa pratidhvanita ho rahI thI; kahIM vAnaroM (zAkhAmRgoM) kI kaThora kilakilAhaTa bhI sunAI par3a rahI thI; eka ajIba bhayAnaka cIkha aura pukAra se kAna ke parade phaTe jA rahe the; pulindoM dvArA vitrAsita banaile hAthI jora-jora se cigghAr3a rahe the aura kahIM ve (hAthI) "maDamaDa' kI AvAja ke sAtha sallakI ke jaMgala ko ujAr3a rahe the (tatraiva : pR. 44) / vimalasenA ke sAtha ratha para jAte hue dhammilla ko jisa jaMgala meM bAgha se bheMTa huI thI, usakA aura jaMgala kA varNana saMkSipta aura thor3A bhinna hai: vaha bAgha, AdamI aura pazuoM ke rakta aura mAMsa kA lobhI thA; jIbha se apane hoMThoM ko cATa rahA thA; mu~ha phAr3e hue thA aura usakA

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 367 jabar3A bar3A tIkhA thaa| vaha, jaMgala, aneka jhamATa arjuna vRkSoM se durgama thA; aneka hiMsraka pazuoM tathA pakSiyoM se vyApta thA aura vahA~ jala se bhare aneka sarovara the (tatraiva : pR. 54-55) / isa varNana se spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra ne vanya hiMsraka jIvoM ke svabhAva kA gahana adhyayana kiyA hai tathA jAMgala pariveza kI durgamatA aura bhayAnakatA kA mAnoM A~khoM dekhA rUpa citrita kiyA hai| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki tadyugIna jaMgaloM meM rurumRga bahutAyata-se pAye jAte the aura rAjA kI ora se unake zikAra karane kI manAhI thii| jo koI rAjAjJA kA ullaMghana kara rurumRga ko mAratA thA, use prANadaNDa diyA jAtA thaa| kathA hai ki vArANasI ke naladAma nAmaka baniyA ke pramAdI putra manmana ne rAjAjJA kI avahelanA karake rurumRga ko mAra ddaalaa| phalata:, vahA~ ke rAjA durmarSaNa ne manmana ko prANadaNDa kI AjJA dI (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 294) / usa yuga meM vAtamRga bhI adhika saMkhyA meM pAye jAte the| ve pakSI kI taraha ur3ane meM bhI samartha hote the| zakunazAstrI unheM zubha aura lAbha kA sUcaka mAnate the| eka bAra vasudeva ko bhramaNa ke krama meM kisI jaMgala meM vAtamRgoM ke darzana hue the aura unhoMne unheM zubhasUcaka samajhA thaa| ve vAtamRga vasudeva ko dekhakara pakSI kI taraha ur3akara dUra cale gaye aura phira nIce utara Aye : "TThiA ya mayA migA, te uppaiyA dUraM gaMtaNaM sauNA iva niviyaa| tato me uppaNNA ciMtA-ete vAyamigA TThiA pasatyadaMsaNA mahaMtaM lAbhaM vedihi tti suvvae viusajaNAo (somazrIlambha : pR. 181) / " budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM bhI vAtamRga kI carcA kI gaI hai| budhasvAmI ne use 'vAtamajamRga' yA 'vAtahariNa' kahA hai (dra. sarga 8, zlo. 42 tathA 52) / kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne vanya jantuoM meM siyAra aura bher3iye kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 168) / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM hAthI aura ghor3e jaise suparicita pazuoM kI to bhUriza: carcA huI hai| hAthI aura ghor3e ke khelAne aura damana karane kI vidhiyoM ke ullekha se to saMghadAsagaNI kA hastizAstra aura azvazAstra kA marmajJa honA sUcita hotA hai| hAthiyoM meM gandhahastI ke ullekha ke prati saMghadAsagaNI ne vizeSa Agraha pradarzita kiyA hai| 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' meM uttama hastI ko gandhahastI mAnA gayA hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki gandhahastI kI gandha se dUsare hAthI bhAga jAte haiN| prasiddha saMskRta-kozakAra ApTe mahodaya ne gandhahastI ko 'suvAsahAthI' yA 'sarvottama hAthI' kahA hai| 'vikramAMkadevacarita' ke anusAra, gandhahastI kA baccA bhI dUsare hAthiyoM ko apane vaza meM rakhatA hai| kAlidAsa ne bhI 'raghuvaMza' meM likhA hai ki puravAsiyoM kI A~kheM anya rAjAoM ko chor3akara aja para usI prakAra kendrita ho gaIM, jisa prakAra bhramarAvaliyA~ khile hue puSpavRkSoM ko chor3akara madotkaTa gandhahastI ke gaNDasthala para jA baiThatI haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki samadhika zaktizAlI gandhahastI ko tIvra madasrAva hotA hai aura usake mada kI gandha atizaya utkaTa hotI hai| isIlie, usakI gandha milate hI dUsare hAthI bhAga khar3e hote haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApta varNana se yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki gandhahastI kisI manuSya kI gandha kA anusaraNa karake usake nikaTa AkramaNa ke lie pahu~ca jAtA thA (gaMdhahatthI gaMdhamaNusaraMto mamaM aNuvaiumAraddho; zyAmalIlambha : pR. 122) / 1. zamayati gajAnanyAngandhadvipaH kalabho'pi sn| -vikramAMka. 5.18 2. netravrajAH paurajanasya tasminvihAya srvaanRptiinipetuH| madotkaTe recitapuSpavRkSA gandhadvipe vanya iva dvirephaaH|| -raghu. 6.7

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368 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bahatkathA 'raghuvaMza' (17.70) se yaha bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki gandhahastI bar3A unmatta hotA hai aura madarahita hAthiyoM ke sAtha nirantara lar3ane kI manovRtti meM rahatA hai| bhAravi ke 'kirAtArjunIya' (17.17) meM bhI gandhahastI kA ullekha AyA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne zreSTha zramaNa kI upamA gandhahastI se dI hai ("samaNavara-gandhahatyi pecchati"; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 35) / eka bAra vasudeva bhramaNa karate hue kuMjarAvarta aTavI meM pahu~ce, to vahA~ unhoMne kAlamegha kI taraha hAthiyoM ke jhuNDa ko pAnI pIne ke lie sarovara meM utarate hue dekhaa| usa jhuNDa kA eka-eka hAthI krama se pAnI pIkara calA gyaa| vasudeva bhI sarovara meM utarakara snAna karane lge| isI samaya hathinI kA pIchA karatA huA madajala se surabhita gaNDasthalavAlA gajayUthapati sarovara meM utraa| vasudeva ne gaura se dekhA ki vaha hAthI uttama lakSaNoMvAlA gandhahastI hai / gandha kA anusaraNa karatA huA vaha hAthI vasudeva ke pIche par3a gyaa| vasudeva ne socA ki pAnI meM hAthI se lar3anA sambhava nahIM hai| acchA hogA ki najadIka Ane para usase nibaTA jAya / vasudeva pAnI se bAhara nikala aaye| vaha hAthI bhI sarovara se bAhara Akara unake pIche laga gyaa| usakI sUMr3a kI lapeTa se bacate hue unhoMne usake zarIra para prahAra kiyA aura use bar3I hoziyArI se bharamAne lge| sukumAra aura bhArI-bharakama zarIra hone ke kAraNa vaha unheM pakar3a nahIM pAtA thaa| vasudeva ne use jahA~-tahA~ bakare kI taraha ghumaayaa| use thakA huA jAnakara unhoMne usake sAmane cAdara pheNkii| vaha usameM ulajha gyaa| vasudeva bhI usa mahAgaja ke dA~toM para paira rakhakara turata hI usakI pITha para car3ha baiThe / usake bAda vaha hAthI vinamra ziSya kI taraha vazavartI ho gyaa| phira, vaha use cAdara se aMkuzita-sA karate hue icchAnusAra ghumAne lage (dvitIya zyAmalIlambha : pR. 122) / saMghadAsagaNI ne hAthI ke khelAne kI vidhi ('hatthikhellAvana') ke aura bhI kaI rocaka prasaMga upasthita kiye haiN| dhammilla ne bhI uparyukta vidhi se, yAnI hAthI ke sAmane cAdara pheMkakara use ulajhAyA thA aura apane vaza meM kara liyA thA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 55) / dhammilla jaba vimalasenA ke sAtha ratha para jA rahA thA, tabhI kAlamegha kI taraha cigghAr3atA, pracura madajala se jamIna ko sIMcatA tathA dA~ta aura saiMDa ko Upara uThAye hue eka bigaDaila hAthI rAstA rokakara khar3A ho gyaa| dhammilla vimalasenA ko Azvasta karake ratha se utarA aura hAthI khelAne lgaa| usane hAthI ko llkaaraa| hAthI sa~r3a uThAkara jyoMhI use mArane daur3A ki usane cAdara ko gola karake hAthI ke Age pheNkaa| hAthI usameM ulajha gayA aura dhammilla phuratI se usake dA~toM para paira rakhakara usake kandhe para car3ha baitthaa| hAthI kruddha hokara daur3ane, uchalane aura kUdane lagA tathA dhammilla ko apane paira, dA~ta, sa~r3a aura pUMcha se mAranA cAhakara bhI nahIM mAra skaa| dhammilla hastizikSA ke niyamoM ke anusAra hI use khelAtA rahA / anta meM, hAthI cigghAr3atA aura per3oM ko tor3atA-maror3atA bhAga khar3A huaa| dhammilla muskarAtA huA ratha para A baitthaa| vimalasenA usakI vIratA para vismita raha gaI ! AThaveM padmAlambha (pR. 201) meM bhI vasudeva dvArA hAthI khelAne kI prakriyA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kathA hai ki eka bAra mahAvata jaMgalI hAthI le aayaa| vasudeva ne dekhA ki usa hAthI kA mu~ha uThA huA thaa| usakI sUMDa pramANa ke anusAra lambI aura sudarzana thI tathA usakI pITha dhanuSAkAra thii| ujjvala nakhavAle usake paira kachue kI taraha lagate the| varAha kI bhA~ti usakA

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 369 jaghanadeza thA / uttama bakare ke samAna usakA peTa thaa| usake dA~toM kA agrabhAga thor3A uThA huA aura sundara thaa| usake adharoM kI kAnti dADima- phUla jaisI lAla thI / usakI pU~cha sIdhI aura prazasta thI / vasudeva ne socA, yaha hAthI bhadra hai, yAnI prazasta lakSaNoMvAlA uttama koTi kA hAthI hai aura AsAnI se vaza meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| vasudeva usa samaya apane sAle aMzumAn ke sAtha apane sasura rAjA kapila ke mahala meM the / vaha sAle ke sAtha mahala se nIce utarakara hAthI ke pAsa cale aaye| hAthI ne jhaTakA diyA, to aMzumAn pIche lauTa gayA, kintu vasudeva zIghratApUrvaka hAthI kI dUsarI ora cale gaye / vaha hAthI cakrAkAra ghUmane lgaa| tabhI, vasudeva ne usake Age kapar3A pheMkA aura vaha vahIM lar3akhar3A gayA / vasudeva usake dA~toM para paira rakhakara usapara savAra ho gaye / rAjA, usakA antaHpura aura sabhI upasthita loga AzcaryAnvita ho uThe / usake bAda vasudeva hAthI ko manamAne DhaMga se ghumAne - phirAne lage / isa prasaMga meM kathAkAra ne hastizikSA kI vidhi kA varNana to kiyA hI hai, uttama hAthI ke AMgika lakSaNoM ko bhI nirUpita kiyA hai / isase kathAkAra kI hastizikSA meM nipuNatA kA saMketa milatA hai / 1 isI prakAra, bArahaveM somazrIlambha (pR. 221) meM bhI vasudeva dvArA hAthI khelAne kI vidhi kA manoraMjaka ullekha prApta hotA hai| isameM to hastizAstrajJa kathAkAra ne hAthI ko khelAne kI vidhi ke katipaya pAribhASika zabdoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jaiseH siMhAvali, dantAvali, gAtralIna, zArdUlalaMghana, pucchagrahaNa aadi| ye saba prakriyAe~ hAthI ko ghumAne - phirAne kI vidhi se sambaddha thIM, jinase vaha (hAthI) zIghra hI vazaMvada ho jAtA thA / kathAkAra ne tIna aise hAthiyoM kA nAmataH ullekha kiyA hai, jo manuSya-bhava se hastibhava meM udvarttita hue the / ve haiM : azanivega, tAmrakala aura zvetakaMcana / rAjA siMhasena, sarpabhava meM udvarttita apane zrIbhUti purohita se Da~se jAne para, marakara zallakIvana meM hAthI ke rUpa meM puna: utpanna huA thA / vanecaroM ne usa hAthI kA nAma azanivega rakha diyA thA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 255-56) / isI prakAra, jambUdvIpa ke airavatavarSa - sthita ratnapura nagara ke nivAsI dhanavasu aura dhanadatta nAmaka zakaTavaNik (bailagAr3I para mAla lAdakara vyApAra karanevAle vyApArI) nakalI mApa-taula ke prayoga dvArA pApa arjita karane ke kAraNa kaluSita citta se Apasa meM lar3akara mara gaye aura airavatavarSa kI suvarNakUlA nadI ke taTa para hastikula meM vizAlakAya hAthI ho gaye / vanecaroM ne unake nAma 'tAmrakala' aura 'zvetakaMcana' rakha diye (ketumatIlambha : 334) / kathAkAra ne airAvata hAthI kI carcA tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM ke mahAsvapnoM ke varNana-krama meM kI hai| isake atirikta caudantA hAthI kA bhI ullekha unhoMne kiyA hai / kathA hai ki vartamAna sRSTi AdikAla meM do sArthavAhaputra eka sAtha ple-bddh'e| donoM hI svabhAva se bhadra the / Age calakara una donoM meM eka putra kisI kAraNavaza mAyAvI ho gyaa| inameM pahalA a-mAyAvI putra mRtyu ko prApta karake arddha bharata ke madhyadeza mithuna puruSa ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| aura dUsare ne mAyAvI hone ke kAraNa, usI deza meM, tiryagyoni meM, ujale hAthI ke rUpa meM punarjanma grahaNa kiyaa| yaha hAtha airAvata ke samAna zreSTha lakSaNoMvAlA thA aura usake cAra dA~ta the / Adhunika yuga meM to ujale caudante hAthI kalpanA ke viSayamAtra raha gaye haiM / usa purAkAla ke cakravartI rAjAoM ke prasiddha caudaha ratnoM meM hastiratna aura azvaratna kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai ("erAvaNarUviNA caudaMteNa

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA hattharayaNeNa viyaramANo so puriso..."; nIlayazAlambha : pR. 157) / kAmadeva seTha kA 'vallabha' nAma kA ghor3A bhI azvarala meM hI parigaNanIya thA (bandhumatIlambha: pR. 269) / 370 AcArya kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI hastizikSA ke sAtha hI azvazikSA ke bhI vizeSa jJAtA the / apanI isa vidyA ke jJAna kA saMketa unhoMne dhammillacarita (pR. 66-67) meM diyA hai / dhammilla ne rAjA kapila ke ghor3e kA damana azvazikSA ke anusAra hI kiyA thA / kathA hai eka dina dhammilla rAjA ke ghor3e ko pherane ke lie taiyAra huA / azva paricArakoM ne ghor3e ko lagAma, jIna Adi se sajjita kiyaa| usakI pITha para palAna rakhA gayA / palAna meM ghu~gharU laTaka rahe the / ghor3e ke mukha kI zobhA ke lie ca~vara bA~dhe gaye the / ghor3e ke lie prayukta honevAle pA~ca prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM se usa ghor3e ko sajAyA gayA thA / svayaM dhammilla ne kUrpAsaka pahana rakhA thA; usake paira addharuka vastra se bAhara the aura usake mAthe para phUla kI kala~gI lagI thii| isa prakAra, usakA sArA zarIra vicitra zobhA se samanvita thA / vyAyAma ke abhyAsa se usakA zarIra bilakula halakA thA, isalie vaha pakSI kI taraha phuratI se ghor3e ke zarIra (pITha) para jA baiThA / saMghadAsagaNI ne do viziSTa ghor3oM kA bhI nAmollekha kiyA hai| pahalA hai 'haMsavilambita' ghor3A aura dUsarA hai 'sphuliMgamukha' ghodd'aa| kathA ( priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 285) hai ki jinadAsa aura puSpadantA paraspara anurakta hokara eka dUsare se vivAha karanA cAhate the| jinadAsa ne apane pitA sArthavAha arhaddAsa se mana kI bAta kahI / arhaddAsa ne putra ke anurAgavaza puSpadantA ke pitA rAjA puSpaketu ke samakSa apanA prastAva rakhA ki mere putra jinadAsa ke lie apanI kanyA pradAna kareM aura zulkasvarUpa bahumUlya upahAra svIkAra kreN| kintu rAjA puSpaketu ne arhaddAsa ke prastAva ko ThukarA diyaa| taba, jinadAsa aura puSpadantA abhilaSita svayaMvara na pAkara haMsavilambita azva para savAra hokara bhAga nikle| isase spaSTa hai ki 'haMsavilambita' nAma kA ghor3A koI viziSTa vegavAn azva rahA hogA / 'sphuliMgamukha' ghor3e kA to vidhivat lakSaNa hI kathAkAra ne upanyasta kiyA hai| sAtaveM kapilAlambha kI kathA ( pR. 199-200) hai ki vasudeva jaba vedazyAmapura ke rAjA kapila ke mahAzvapati vasupAlita ke ghara meM, usakI putrI vanamAlA ke kRtrima devara ke rUpa meM sahadeva ke nAma se rahate the, tabhI vanamAlA ne unase pUchA : "Apa sphuliMgamukha ghor3e kA damana kara sakate haiM ?" "ghor3e ko dekhakara hI usakI prakRti ko jAnA jAtA hai|" vasudeva ne saMkSipta uttara diyA / pAlita ne kahA : " Apa svacchandatApUrvaka ghor3e ko dekha sakate haiN|" usake bAda vasudeva ne sphuliMgamukha ghor3e ko dekhaa| ghor3e kA raMga khile kumuda (kamala) kI taraha lAla thA / ' usake sAre zArIrika lakSaNa utkRSTa koTi ke the| usakI U~cAI pacahattara aMgula thI / vaha eka sau ATha gumbA thaa| usakA mu~ha battIsa aMgula kA thaa| usake Avarta ( zarIra ke bha~vara) zuddha the / khura, kAna, keza, svara, AkRti, A~kha aura jA~gha ye sAre aMga-pratyaMga prazasta lakSaNoMvAle the| vaha ghor3A itanA tejasvI thA ki usapara savArI karanA AsAna nahIM thA / ghor3e ko dekhakara vasudeva ne usake damana kI icchA prakaTa kii| usake bAda unhoMne pUjA-vidhAna sampanna karAne aura jaMjIra se jur3e Ter3he mu~havAle cAra Takue taiyAra karAne kA Adeza diyaa| mahAzvapati 1. yahA~ saMghadAsagaNI ne kumuda-kamala ko sAmAnya artha meM liyA hai| le.

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 371 vasupAlita ne sArI taiyArI kii| vasudeva maMgalavidhi pUrI karake sphuliMgamukha ghor3e para savAra ho gaye / jaMjIra se ba~dhe cAroM TakuoM ko palAna ke cAroM ora lagA diyaa| jaba ghor3A baiThanA cAhatA, taba zarIra meM TakuoM ke cubhane se vaha khar3A hI rhtaa| jaba vaha daur3ane lagatA, taba jaMjIra khIMcane se (Takue cubhane ke kAraNa) ruka jAtA aura isa prakAra use vizeSa koI pIr3A bhI nahIM hotii| jaba vaha khar3A honA cAhatA, vasudeva use calAnA zurU kara dete / rAjA kapila khule hue chatadAra barAmade meM baiThe yaha saba dekha rahA thA aura prazaMsA bhI kara rahA thaa| ghor3e kI cAlaM ke vizeSajJa zikSAkuzala vyakti vismita bhAva se vasudeva ko zAbAzI de rahe the| anta meM, vasudeva ne sphuliMgamukha ghor3e ko vaza meM kara liyaa| rAjA ne prasanna hokara vaha ghor3A to vasudeva ko sauMpA hI, apanI kanyA kapilA bhI unheM sauMpa diyaa| __ isa kathAprasaMga se spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM teja ghor3e kA damana karanA bar3I bahAdurI kI bAta to thI hI, ghor3e ko vaza meM karanevAle kI yogyatA ke lie puraskAra meM ghor3e ke sAtha patnI bhI prApta hotI thI aura azva-saMcAlana ke pUrva maMgalavidhi kA anuSThAna bhI sampanna kiyA jAtA thaa| rAjAoM ke rAjya meM ghor3e aura hAthI rakhe jAne kI prAcIna paramparA rahI hai| pratyeka rAjA ke rAjya meM azvazAlA aura hastizAlA kA prAvadhAna rahatA thaa| azvoM ke prabhArI mahAzvapati kahalAte the, jinake adhIna aneka azva-paricAraka hote the| hAthiyoM ke prabhArI ko saMghadAsagaNI ne 'gaNiyArI' (mahAvata) kI saMjJA dI hai| kauTilya ne bhI apane arthazAstra ke dUsare adhikaraNa meM 'azvAdhyakSa' (a. 30) aura 'hastyadhyakSa' (a. 31) nAmoM se alaga-alaga do adhyAyoM kI hI avatAraNA kI hai, jinameM hAthI aura ghor3oM ke rakha-rakhAva ke viSaya meM bar3I sUkSmatA aura vizadatA ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM hAthI-ghor3oM ke atirikta gAya, baila aura mahiSa (bhaiMsA) aura meSa jaise pazuoM kA bhI vizada ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kathA (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 297) hai ki vasantapura ke rAjA jitazatru ke do gomaNDala the| unameM do gomANDalika niyukta the--cArunandI aura phlgunndii| una donoM gomaNDaloM meM zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke lakSaNoMvAlI gAyeM thiiN| utkRSTa gAyeM varNa, rUpa, zArIrika saMracanA, sIMga, AkRti Adi kI dRSTi se kalyANakAriNI aura maMgalamayI thiiN| unameM kisI prakAra kI khoTa nahIM thI aura ve uttama thanoMvAlI thiiN| nikRSTa gAyeM varNa Adi kI dRSTi se akalyANakAriNI aura amaMgalamayI thiiN| ve khoTayukta, marakhaNDI aura bhayaMkara tathA thara-vihIna thiiN| baila aksara gAr3iyoM meM jote jAte the| eka sthala (ketumatIlambha : pR 334) para kathAkAra ne aise bailoM kI mArmika dazA kA varNana kiyA hai, jo apane gAr3IvAnoM kI nirdayatA ke zikAra the| ve pracura bhAra Dhone se zrAnta aura bhUkha-pyAsa se klAnta rahate the| saradI aura garamI se unake zarIra kRza ho gaye the| DA~sa aura maccharoM se pIr3ita evaM aMga-aMga se TUTe hue ve, nAtha kI ragar3a se cUra the, phira bhI gAr3IvAna unheM hA~kate hI jA rahe the| pUrvabhavajanita vaira ke kAraNa bhaiMsoM aura bher3oM ke paraspara lar3ane-bhir3ane kA bhI anekaza: ullekha kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| ___ dhammillacarita (pR. 55) meM eka kruddha bhaise kA bar3A hI sajIva aura svAbhAvika citraNa upalabdha hotA hai| dhammilla ke rathaM ko rokakara, rAste para jo bhaiMsA A khar3A huA thA, vaha vipula andhakAra ke Dhera kI taraha lagatA thA; nadI ke Ubar3a-khAbar3a kachAroM aura bA~biyoM meM DhUsA mArate

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372 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA rahane ke kAraNa usake sIMga nukIle ho gaye the aura vaha apane agale khura se jamIna ko jhuMda rahA thaa| vaha bhaiMsA vizAlakAya thA tathA vakra dRSTi se dhammilla kI ora dekha rahA thaa| eka anya sthala (bandhumatIlambhaH pR. 268,278) para to kathAkAra ne mahiSa ko mAnavIkRta karake usakA rocaka mithakIya citraNa upanyasta kiyA hai / vaha kAmadeva seTha kA bhadraka nAmaka mahiSa thaa| use apanA jAtismaraNa ho AyA thaa| kAmadeva seTha apane 'vallabha' nAmaka azva ko jo khurAka detA thA, vahI khurAka usake lie bhI detA thaa| use rAjA kI ora se abhayadAna prApta thaa| bhadraka jaba rAjakula meM praviSTa huaa| taba usane sira jhukAkara rAjA se abhayadAna mA~gA thaa| pazuoM meM isa prakAra kA AcaraNa dekhakara rAjA vismita hokara raha gayA thaa| rAjA ne apane mantriyoM ko Adeza dete hue kahA thA ki ve nagara meM ghoSaNA karA deM: 'abhayadAna-prApta bhadraka bhaiMse ke prati jo aparAdha karegA, vaha mRtyudaNDa kA bhAgI hogA, cAhe vaha aparAdhI rAjA kA jyeSTha putra hI kyoM na ho|' ___ isI sandarbha meM kAmadeva kI gozAlA kA bhI bar3A sUkSma varNana kathAkAra ne kiyA hai(tatraivaH pR. 269) / kAmadeva seTha ujjayinI ke kuNAlanagara (janapada) meM rahatA thaa| vaha kaI karor3a kI sampatti kA mAlika thaa| vaha puravAsiyoM se samAdRta tathA rAjA jitazatru kA pratirUpa thaa| eka dina vaha zarad Rtu ke prArambha meM pakI huI svarNapota bAliyoM ke bhAra se jhuke zAlivana tathA guMjAra karate moda-bhare caMcala bhauMroM se ghire vikasita kamaloMvAle padmasara ko dekhatA huA krama se apanI gozAlA meM phuNcaa| usa gozAlA meM bachar3e khela rahe the aura pahalauThI gAyeM ra~bhA rahI thIM tathA gopIjanoM dvArA gAye jAnevAle gItoM ke sAgara-gambhIra svara mukharita ho rahe the| vahA~ bhauroM ke madhura guMjAra se zabdita, kusuma-dhavalita saptaparNavRkSa ke nikaTa sthita gozAlA kA prabhArI daNDaka, seTha ke pAsa AyA aura usakI anumati se usake samakSa khar3A rhaa| tindUsaka vRkSavizeSa ke maNDapa meM jaba seTha baiTha gayA, taba gopajanoM ne seTha ke lie gozAlA ke upayukta, arthAt dugdhadadhighRtabhUyiSTha bhojana prastuta kiyaa| bhojana karane ke bAda kAmadeva daNDaka ke sAtha baiThA aura gAya-bhaiMsa ke bAre meM bAta karatA. rhaa| isI krama meM, daNDaka ne thor3I dUra para carate hue eka bhaiMse ko bulaayaa| daNDaka ke pukArate hI vaha seTha ke pAsa calA aayaa| usa bhaiMse ko dekhane se logoM ko bhaya hotA thaa| seTha ke pAsa baiThe daNDaka ne kahA : "yaha bhaiMsA bar3A bhalA hai| isase Darane kI koI bAta nhiiN|" isake bAda bhaiMse ne apanI jIbha nikAlakara seTha ko sira jhukAyA aura ghuTane ke bala baiTha gyaa| isa kathAprasaMga se spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM, seThoM ko mavezI pAlane meM vizeSa abhiruci thii| unake dvArA saMcAlita gozAlA kI vyavasthA atyanta uttama rahatI thI aura vahA~ kA pariveza ramaNIya aura cittAkarSaka hotA thaa| gAyoM aura bhaiMsoM ko bahuta Adara kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA thaa| gozAlA kI nigarAnI ke lie yadyapi khAsa AdamI niyukta rahate the, tathApi seTha svayaM bhI yadA-kadA apanI gozAlA kA nirIkSaNa karane jAyA karatA thaa| pazu-pAlana kI yaha prathA bhAratIya saMskRti kA vizeSa aMga thI, isIlie kathAkAra kA, apanI isa kathAkRti meM, gorakSAmUlaka bhAratIya janajIvana ke citraNa ke prati vizeSa rujhAna pradarzita huA hai| ___saMghadAsagaNI dvArA upanyasta vibhinna pazuoM ke citraNa ke krama meM pIThikA-prakaraNa meM pradyumna kI prajJapti dvArA nirmita meSa kA evaM cArudatta kI kathA meM varNita suvarNadvIpayAtriyoM ke bakaroM kA

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 373 tathA savAriyoM ke sAdhanoM meM khaccara, U~Ta aura gadhe kA bhI manoraMjaka prasaMga AyA hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhAratIya pratinidhi pazuoM kA yathAvazyaka ullekha karake apanI kathAzailI meM tato'dhika sampreSaNIyatA utpanna kI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne lokajIvana ke paricita pakSiyoM meM haMsa, cakravAka, mayUra, kukkuTa, kabUtara, suggA, mainA aura kaue kA, kathArUDhiparaka mithakIya cetanA ke pariprekSya meM, rucikara citraNa kiyA hai| aparicita pakSiyoM meM bhAruNDa aura kaMkazakuna pakSI vizeSa rUpa se ullekhya haiN| mayUra pakSI kA to vismayakArI mithakIya varNana kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| vasudeva apanI vidyAdharI patnI nIlayazA ke sAtha, usake hI Agraha para, vidyAdharoM se aparAjeyatA ke nimitta, vidyA sIkhane ke lie vaitADhya parvata para utare / vahA~ jaba vaha apanI priyA ke sAtha ghUma rahe the, tabhI nIlayazA ne eka aise mayUrazAvaka ko vicarate dekhA, jisake candrayukta paMkha bar3e cikane, citra-vicitra aura manohara the| vaha mayUrazAvaka kramaza: vasudeva ke nikaTa hI Akara vicarane lgaa| use dekhakara nIlayazA bolI : "Aryaputra, isa mayUrazAvaka ko pakar3a liijie| yaha mere lie khilaunA hogaa|" vasudeva mayUrazAvaka ke pIche laga gaye / vaha mayUrazAvaka kabhI ghane per3oM ke bIca, kabhI jaMgala-jhAr3I se bharI kandarAoM se hokara bar3I tejI se cala rahA thaa| vasudeva jaba use pakar3ane se asamartha ho gaye, taba unhoMne nIlayazA se kahA ki aba tumhIM use apane vidyAbala se pkdd'o| nIlayazA vidyAbala se mayUrazAvaka kI pITha para jA baitthii| mayUrazAvaka nIlayazA ko apanI pITha para liye dUra nikala gayA aura avasara pAkara AkAza meM ur3a gyaa| taba vasudeva ko sahI vastusthiti kA AbhAsa huaa| vaha socane lage : rAma mRga ke dvArA chale gaye the aura vaha mayUrazAvaka ke dvaaraa| vastusthiti yaha thI ki vasudeva kA pratidvandvI chadmarUpa nIlakaNTha nIlayazA ko apahRta karake le gayA thaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kukkuTayuddha ke bAre meM bhI ullekha huA hai (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 289) / yathAcitrita kukkuTa bar3e yuddhakuzala the| bAja aura kabUtara bhI kathA (ketumatIlambhaH pR. 338) ke vyAja se citrita hue haiN| vastutaH, ye donoM pUrvabhava meM jambUdvIpa-sthita airavata varSa ke padminIkheTa nagara ke sAgaradatta baniyA ke dhana aura nandana nAma ke putra the| eka bAra ve donoM vyApAra karate hue nAgapura gye| zaMkhanadI ke taTa para ratnoM ke nimitta una donoM ke bIca jhagar3A ho gyaa| lar3ate hue ve donoM athAha nadI meM gira pdd'e| vahA~ marakara donoM ne kabUtara aura bAja ke rUpa meM pakSI-bhava prApta kiyaa| isI prakAra, 'mukha' prakaraNa meM kathAkAra ne zAmba kI mainA aura bhAnu ke sugge kA ullekha kiyA hai| donoM pakSI nItiparaka zloka par3hane meM nipuNa the| bhAna aura zAmba ke bIca ukta donoM pakSiyoM dvArA nItizloka par3hane kI bAjI lagI thii| zAmba ne mainA kI deha meM eka jagaha roA~ ukhAr3akara kSata kara diyA thA aura vahA~ kSAra padArtha lagA diyA thaa| bhAnu kA suggA do nItizloka par3hakara cupa ho gayA, kintu bAra-bAra kSatasikta aMgoM ko chUne se udvejita zAmba kI mainA ko barabasa kaI nItizloka par3hane pdd'e| phalata:, zAmba kI mainA eka karor3a kI bAjI jIta gii| kaue kI to kaI kathAe~ kathAkAra ne likhI haiN| isI krama meM kapiMjala pakSI kA bhI ullekha huA hai| kRtaghna kauoM kI eka kathA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 32) isa prakAra hai : eka bAra bAraha varSa kA akAla par3A thaa| usa sthiti meM kauoM ne milakara Apasa meM vicAra kiyA : "hameM kyA

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374 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA karanA cAhie ? bar3I bhukhamarI A gaI hai| janapadoM meM kahIM bhI vAyasapiNDa nahIM miltaa| jUThana meM chor3A gayA anna bhI nahIM miltaa| isalie, hama kahIM anyatra cleN|" eka bUr3he kaue ne kahA : "hama sabhI samudrataTa para cale cleN| vahA~ kapiMjala hamAre bhAgineya hoNge| ve hameM samudra se machalI nikAlakara deNge| isake alAvA dUsarA koI jIne kA sahArA nahIM hai|" yaha socakara ve sabhI samudrataTa para cale gye| vahA~ kapiMjaloM ne kauoM ko atithi mAnakara unakA svAgata kiyA / bAraha varSa ke bAda durbhikSa samApta ho gayA aura subhikSa lauTa aayaa| janapadoM meM vAyasapiNDa sulabha ho gyaa| jaba sabhI kaue vApasa jAne lage, taba kapiMjaloM ne vahIM rahane ke lie unase Agraha kiyA / taba, "pratidina sUrya ugane ke pahale tumhArA adhobhAga dekhanA par3atA hai, yaha sthii hameM sahana nahIM hotI" isa prakAra kapiMjaloM para lAMchana lagAkara kRtaghna kaue vApasa cale gaye / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhAruNDapakSI kA varNana (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 149) AyA hai, jisakA vistAra paravarttI prAkRta-sAhitya meM vividhatA ke sAtha upalabdha hotA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai| ki bhAruNDa pakSI ratnadvIpa meM rahate haiM aura ve mahAzarIra hote haiN| ve bAgha aura rIcha taka ko mArakara usakA mAMsa khAte haiM / ve ajapatha-pradeza meM ratnadvIpa se vicaraNa ke lie AyA karate haiM / cArudatta aura usake sahayAtrI sArthavAha, bakaroM ko mArakara unakA mAMsa khA gaye aura unake tAje rudhirAkta camar3e kI kholI meM ghusakara baiTha gye| tabhI, bhAruNDapakSI vahA~ Aye aura mAMsa ke lobha se AkRSTa hokara camar3e kI kholI meM ghuse eka-eka sArthavAha ko apanI coMcoM meM uThAkara AkAza meM ur3a gaye / 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ne do mu~havAle pakSivizeSa ko bhAruNDa kahA hai| ApTe ne likhA hai ki bhAruNDa eka prakAra kA kAlpanika pakSI hai, jo kevala kahAniyoM meM varNita hai / eka bAra jarAsandha ke AdamiyoM ne vasudeva ko camar3e ke thaile meM DAlakara rAjagRha-sthita chinnakaTaka parvata se nIce girA diyA thaa| vaha jisa samaya 'ghU-ghU' AvAja ke sAtha zilAkhaNDoM para lur3hakate hue gira rahe the, usa samaya unhoMne mana meM socA thA ki jisa prakAra cArudatta ko bhAruNDa pakSI ne AkAza meM le jAkara chor3a diyA thA, vahI gati (bhavitavyatA) merI bhI hogI (pR. 248 : vegavatIlambha) / saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita pakSI kaMka ko 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ne viziSTa cir3iyA kahA hai / ApTe ne bagulA artha diyA hai| isIlie bagule ke paroM se yukta bANa ko 'kaMkapatra' kahate haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne kaMka ko mAMsabhojI pakSI ke artha meM citrita kiyA hai| jIvahiMsA ke karmabandha se harizmazru marakara pahale zArdUla huA thA aura usake bAda ke bhava meM kaMkazakuna ke rUpa utpanna huA thA (bandhumatIlambha: pR. 278 ) / isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI kathA ke vistAra ke krama meM pazu-pakSiyoM kA soddezya citraNa kiyA hai| isameM kathAkAra ne eka ora yadi tatkAlIna sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika kalA-samRddhi aura prAkRtika jagat se lokajIvana ke nitya sambandha ko digdarzita kiyA hai, to dUsarI aura AdhyAtmika aura naitika dRSTi se bhAratIya jana-stara kI samIkSA bhI upanyasta kI hai| kula milAkara, mAnava-jIvana aura pazu-jIvana ke paraspara prabhAva kI ora saMketa karanA hI kathAkAra pramukha lakSya hai|

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 375 saMghadAsagaNI ne, tiryak-jAtIya jIvoM ke ullekha karane ke krama meM sA~poM ke bhI kaI svAbhAvika citra aMkita kiye haiN| svadeza lauTane ke krama meM agaDadatta jaba zyAmadattA ke sAtha ratha para jA rahA thA, taba rAste meM use eka mahAnAga se sAmanA karanA par3A thaa| (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 45) pahale to usane phuphakAra sunA, jo lohAra kI dhauMkanI kI AvAja ke samAna laga rahA thaa| tabhI, sAmane vizAla phana kAr3he mahAnAga ko dekhaa| vaha aMjanapuMja ke samAna camaka rahA thA aura apanI donoM jihvAoM ko lapalapA rahA thA; vaha utkaTa, sphuTa, vikaTa, kuTila aura karkaza DhaMga se phaTATopa (phana phailAne aura phuphakArane) meM dakSa thA, sAtha hI vaha apane zarIra ke tIna hisse ko Upara uThAkara khar3A thaa| ghor3e aura ratha ke zabda ko sunane se use krodha ho AyA thaa| isI prakAra, dhammilla vimalasenA ke sAtha jaba ratha para jA rahA thA, tabhI jaMgala ke rAste meM use vizAla phanavAlA bhujaMga dikhAI par3A thA (tatraiva : pR. 54) / usa bhujaMga kI A~kheM guMjA (karajanI) kI taraha gaharA lAla thIM, vaha bavaNDara kI taraha phuphakAra rahA thA, aura apanI donoM jihvAoM ko lapalapA rahA thaa| __ saMghadAsagaNI ne 'khAraka' sarpa kA ullekha kiyA hai| ise 'khAra' bhI kahA gayA hai / yaha paMjoM ke bala calanevAlI tathA AkAza meM bhI ur3anevAlI eka viziSTa nAgajAti hai| ise giragiTa yA goha kI bhA~ti paMje hote haiN| isIlie, ise 'bhujaparisarpa' jAti kA nAga (dra. 'pAiyasaddamahaNNavo) kahA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga' (2.3.25) meM bhI isakI carcA AI hai| sthAnAMga (3.45) meM bhI bhujaparisarpa kA ullekha huA hai| sthAnAMgavRtti se spaSTa hotA hai ki parisarpa, arthAt reMganevAle prANI, do prakAra ke haiM -chAtI ke bala reMganevAle ura:parisarpa aura paMjoM ke bala reMganevAle bhujaparisarpa / ura:parisarpa meM sarpa Adi aura bhujaparisarpa meM nevale Adi kI gaNanA hotI hai| kintu, vasudevahiNDI ke varNana ke anusAra, khAraka yA bhujaparisarpa se sA~pa kA hI saMketa hotA hai| dvitIya zyAmalIlambha kI kathA hai ki pavanavega aura arcimAlI nAma ke vidyAdhara vasudeva ko AkAzamArga se ur3Akara vaitADhya parvata kI dakSiNa zreNI meM sthita kinnaragItanagara ke udyAna meM jaba le gaye the, taba unhoMne (vasudeva ne) vahA~ kI bAvalI meM khAraka ko AkAza se utarate dekhA aura unheM aisA anumAna huA ki kadAcit isa vApI meM nAgajAti kI vidyAdhariyA~ rahatI hai, isIlie, khAraka (ur3anevAle nAga) AkAza se yahA~ utarate haiM ("mayA ciMtiyaM-kiM maNNe sirIsivA vijjAharI hojjA, jao imA khArakA AkAseNaM vaccaMti"; pR. 123) / vasudeva ke abhiprAya ko jAnakAra rAjA azanivega kI putrI zyAmalI kI bAhya pratihArI mattakokilA ne unase kahA ki yahA~ nAgajAti kI vidyAdharI nahIM rahatI hai| isake Age kathAkAra ne uttara prasaMga ko adhUrA-sA chor3a diyA hai| pUrva prasaMga se aura usake Age kI kathA se aisA sahaja hI anumAna hotA hai ki sphaTika sopAnayukta tathA catuSpadoM ke lie agamya evaM madhura aura hitakara nirjharavAlI usa gaharI vApI meM bhujaparisarpa jAti ke jIva AkAza se utarakara pAnI pIte hoNge| 1.sthAnAMgavRtti, patra 108: urasA vakSasA parisarpantIti ura: parisarpAH-sarpAdayaste'pi bhaNitavyAH, tathA bhujAbhyAM bAhubhyAM parisarpanti ye te, yathA nakulAdayaH / ' 2. madrAsa se prakAzita prasiddha bAla-mAsika 'candAmAmA' (hindI-saMskaraNa) ke kisI purAne aMka meM mudrita bhujaparisarpa nAga (ur3anevAle saoNpa) se sambaddha eka sacitra prAcIna kathA meM paMjoMvAle bhujaparisarpa nAga kA raMgIna rekhAMkana hameM dRSTigata huA hai| le.

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376 vasudevAhaNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM dRSTiviSa sarpa kA bhI ullekha do-eka sthaloM para huA hai| sarakaNDe ke jaMgala meM rahanevAle dRSTiviSa sarpa, usa vana ke nivAsI sAdhu ko kevalajJAna utpanna hone para, paramparAnusAra utpanna devajyoti se nirviSa ho gaye the| isI prakAra, cakravartI rAjA sagara kI kathA meM ullekha hai ki jvalanaprabha nAga ne apanI dRSTi kI viSAgni se rAjA sagara ke jahla prabhRti sATha hajAra putroM ko jalAkara bhasma kara diyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki dRSTiviSa sarpa kI dRSTi meM hI viSa rahatA thaa| dRSTiviSa sarpa kI dRSTi ke teja se hI loga bhasma ho jAte te / ye AzIviSa jAti ke sarpa hote the| 'sthAnAMga' (4.514) meM likhA hai ki uragajAtIya AzIviSa apane viSa ke prabhAva se jambUdvIpa-pramANa (lAkha yojana) zarIra ko viSapariNata tathA vidalita kara sakatA hai / yaha usakI viSAtmaka kSamatA hai| parantu, itane kSetra meM usane apanI kSamatA kA na to kabhI upayoga kiyA hai, na karatA hai, na kabhI kregaa| nizcaya hI, sarpa yadi apanI pUrI viSa-kSamatA kA upayoga karane lage, to vizva meM AtaMka phaila jaay| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhayaMkara viSavAle do sau kA nAmata: ullekha milatA hai--kAkodara sarpa aura kukkuTa srp| udyAna meM mAdhavIlatA ke hiMDole meM jhUlate samaya zyAmadattA ko kAkodara sarpa ne kATa khAyA thA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 46) / viSa ke vega se vaha apanA sira dhunatI huI daur3akara AI aura 'Aryaputra ! bacAie' kahatI huI agar3adatta kI goda meM jA girI aura kSaNabhara meM aceta ho gii| agar3adatta ne use udyAnadevatA ke mandira ke dvAra para lAkara DAla diyA aura vilApa karane lgaa| AdhI rAta meM do vidyAdhara aaye| agar3adatta ne unheM apanA dukhar3A kaha sunaayaa| dayAlu vidyAdharoM ne 'kyoM so rahI ho?' kahate hue aceta zyAmadattA ke zarIra ko chU diyaa| vaha nirviSa hokara uTha baitthii| vidyAdharadeva AkAzamArga se adRzya ho gye| isI prakAra, eka dina zrIvijaya apanI patnI sutArA ke sAtha jyotirvana meM gayA thaa| vahA~ eka mRgazAvaka ko dekha use khilaunA banAne ke lie sutArA kA mana macala utthaa| zrIvijaya jyoMhI mRgAzAvaka ko pakar3ane gayA, tyoMhI idhara kukkuTa sarpa ne sutArA ko kATa khaayaa| udhara mRgazAvaka bhI AkAza meM ur3a gyaa| zrIvijaya lauTakara AyA, to usane sutArA ko dharatI para par3A dekhaa| taba mantra aura auSadhi se usakI cikitsA karane lgaa| kintu, usakA koI phala nahIM niklaa| kSaNabhara meM hI sutArA mara gaI (ketumatIlambha : pR. 316) / saMghadAsagaNI ne sA~pa ke kATane para viSavaidya dvArA usake vidhivat upacAra kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 254) / bhavitavyatA se prerita rAjA siMhasena eka dina bhANDAra meM ghusA aura jyoMhI ratnoM para dRSTi DAlI, tyoMhI ratna para baiThe sarpa ne use DaMsa liyA aura nikala bhaagaa| vaha 'agandhana' sarpa thaa| rAjA ke zarIra meM viSa kA vega phailane lgaa| sarpavaidya upacAra karane meM juTa gye| garuDatuNDa nAmaka gAruDika (AhituNDika) ne sA~poM ko bulaayaa| AvAhita sA~pa gAruDika ke samakSa upasthita hue| jo sA~pa aparAdhI nahIM the, unheM gAruDika ne vidA kara diyA; lekina agandhana sarpa khar3A rhaa| gAruDika ne vidyAbala se agandhana sarpa ko rAjA ke zarIra se viSa cUsane ko prerita kiyA, kintu pUrvavairAnubandhajanita mAnavaza sarpa taiyAra nahIM huaa| taba gAruDika ne use jalatI Aga meM DAla diyaa| anta meM viSa se abhibhUta rAjA bhI mara gyaa| ___ isa kathA se ratnoM ke Dhera para sA~pa ke baiThe rahane kI kiMvadantI yA lokavizvAsa kI sampuSTi hotI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki kacce mAMsa kI gandha se sA~pa, kIr3e

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana aura cIMTI Ate haiM ('teNa vIsagaMdheNa sirIsivANi aiMti kimi pipIlikA ya; somazrIlambha : pR. 192) / kathAkAra ne AdamI ko nigala jAnevAle ajagara kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| kaMcanaguhA meM baiThe vrataniSTha razmivega ko pUrvabhava ke vairAnubandhavaza eka ajagara lIla gayA thA / vaha ajagara * zrIbhUti purohita thA, jo pAcavIM pRthvI se udvarttita hokara ajagara ke rUpa meM utpanna huA thA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 258 ) / isI prakAra, eka brAhmaNa bAlaka ko rAkSasa se bacAne ke lie bhUtoM dvArA use pahAr3a kI guphA meM surakSita rakha diyA gayA, kintu guphA meM pahale se baiThA ajagara use lIla gayA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 316) / 377 'vasudevahiNDI' meM mRgI dvArA bacce kA pAlana-poSaNa tathA eka dina sarpadaSTa hone para usa bacce ko jIbha se cATakara nirviSa kiye jAne kI bhI eka manoraMjaka kathA ( priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 299) milatI hai / AzramavAsinI zilAyudha kI patnI RSidattA zrAvikA ne samaya para putra prasava kiyaa| zizu ke paidA hote hI vaha prasUtikA roga se mara gaI / mRtyu ke bAda hI vaha tatkSaNa, dvitIya janma meM, vyantarI huI aura usane mRgI kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| usake sAtha eka choTI mRgI thI / donoM do kAle kuttoM ke sAtha sAmUhika rUpa se ghUmatI huI Azrama (maTha) ke A~gana meM pahu~cI / eka mRgI ne navajAta zizu ko uThA liyA aura dUsarI, bAlaka ke mu~ha meM apanA thana DAlakara khar3I ho gaI aura bacce ko jIbha se cATatI rhii| isa prakAra, samaya-samaya Akara vaha mRgI usa bacce ko dUdha pilAtI rahatI thI / dhIre-dhIre baccA bar3hakara sayAnA ho gayA / T eka dina vaha bAlaka samidhA ke lie jaMgala gayA huA thaa| idhara-udhara ghUmane ke krama meM sA~pa ne use Da~sa liyA / viSa se vyAkula hokara vaha bAlaka marane lgaa| tabhI mRgI AI aura usane apanI jIbha se cATa-cATakara usa bAlaka ko nirviSa kara diyaa| bAlaka jI uThA / isa kathAprasaMga se yaha saMketita hotA hai ki mRgI kI jIbha meM sA~pa ke viSa ko naSTa karane kI zakti hotI hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhArata meM nAgapUjA ke sAtha hI sarpaviSa - cikitsA kI prAcIna paramparA rahI hai / suzrutasaMhitA meM 'viSacikitsitAdhyAya' nAma kA svatantra prakaraNa hI likhA gayA hai| agnipurANa (viSahRnmantrauSadham, 152) meM viSanAzaka mantroM aura oSadhiyoM kA vizada vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai / Adhunika kAla meM bhI sA~pa ke viSa utArane kI vidhi meM pravINa aneka 'ojhA-gunI ' pAye jAte haiM / vana aura vanaspati : saMghadAsagaNI ne vana aura vanaspatiyoM ke varNana ke mAdhyama se aneka mUlyavAn sAMskRtika pakSoM kA udbhAvana kiyA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM vanoM kA bahuta adhika mahattva hai / hamAre prAcIna RSi-maharSi vanoM meM hI Azrama banAkara rahate the / prakRti se unakA abhinna sambandha thA / vaidika 1. sA~pa ke viSa utArane kA eka mantra agnipurANa meM isa prakAra hai : " oM namo bhagavate rudrAya cchinda cchinda viSaM jvalitaparazupANaye / namo bhagavate pakSirudrAya daSTakamutthApayotthApaya lala lala bandha bandha mocaya mocaya vararudra gaccha gaccha vadha vadha truTa truTa buka buka bhISaya bhISaya muSTinA viSaM saMhara saMhara Tha Tha / " isa mantra se jJAta hotA hai ki viSa ke adhiSThAtA devatA ziva haiN|

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378 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA RcAoM kA nirmANa bhI vanoM meM pratiSThita AzramoM meM huA thaa| isIlie, veda kI eka zAkhA kI saMjJA hI 'AraNyaka' ho gii| kahanA na hogA ki purAyuga meM vana pravrajita yA saMnyasta jIvana ke tapa kA pramukha kendra the| yaha 'vAnaprastha' Azrama kI nirukti se bhI siddha hai : 'vAne vanasamUhe pratiSThate iti / ' yaha ullekhanIya hai ki vedoM, upaniSadoM, purANoM, smRtiyoM, sUtragranthoM Adi meM samasta bhAratIya saMskRti ke bhavyojjvala rUpa pratinihita haiM, jinakI racanA vana ke AzramoM meM huI / usa yuga meM vana ke AzramoM kI prAkRtika yA grAmINa saMskRti se hI nAgarika saMskRti yA rAjatantrAtmaka saMskRti kA niyantraNa hotA thaa| bhAratIya saMskRti ke udbhAvaka prAkRta-kathAgranthoM ke merudaNDa-svarUpa 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vana aura vanaspatiyoM kA ullekha svAbhAvika hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, pahAr3oM para aura vanoM meM tIrthaMkaroM evaM sAdhuoM ke tapa karane kI bhUriza: carcA huI hai| isa sandarbha meM bihAra ke vipulAcala, mandarAcala aura sammedazikhara parvata to itihAsa prasiddha haiM aura saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI inakA sAgraha ullekha kiyA hai| kathAkAra dvArA varNita vanoM meM bhI bhUtaratnA aTavI, kuMjarAvarta aTavI, vindhyagiri kI tarAI ke jaMgala, jalAvartA aTavI, candanavana, bilapaMktikA aTavI Adi kA apanA ullekhanIya sthAna hai| ye aTaviyA~ apanI ramaNIyatA prAkatika sampadA aura bhayaMkaratA kI daSTi se bhI advitIya haiN| jJAtavya hai. vasudeva apane bhramaNa ke krama meM samudra aura nadiyoM, parvatoM aura jaMgaloM kI hI khAka chAnate rahe aura apane sahaja saMgharSazIla jIvana, sAhasa, nirbhayatA tathA bauddhika kuzalatA ke kAraNa spRhaNIya labdhiyoM ke prazaMsanIya pAtra bne| yahA~ saMghadAsagaNI dvArA citrita katipaya bhayAnaka vanoM kA paridarzana apekSita hai| kathAkAra ne vindhyagiri ke pAdamUla (tarAI) ke jaMgaloM meM corapallI ke hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| Adhunika kAla meM bhI cambala ke bIhar3oM meM avasthita DAkuoM ke saniveza 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita prAcIna corapallI-paramparA ke hI avazeSa ke dyotaka hai| jayapuravAsI vindhyarAja kA jyeSTha putra prabhava, apane pitA se vidroha karake, vindhyagiri kI viSama pradezavAlI tarAI meM saniveza banAkara, cauravRtti se jIvana-yApana karatA thA (kathotpatti : pR. 7) / vindhyagiri kI tarAI meM hI 'amRtasundarA' nAma kI corapallI thii| arjuna nAma kA coroM kA adhipati apane pratApa se usa pallI kA zAsana karatA thA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 48) / isI prakAra, aMjanagiri ke jaMgaloM meM azanipallI nAmaka coroM kA sanniveza thA, jisake adhipati kI, vividha ghAtaka astra-zastroM se susajjita apanI corasenA thI aura usake senApati kA nAma ajitasena thA (tatraiva : pR. 56) / puna: vindhyagiri kI tarAI meM hI siMhaguhA nAma kI corapallI kA ullekha huA hai, jisakA senAdhipa aparAjita nAma kA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma vanamAlA thA, jisase usake dasa putra utpanna hue the| apane caurakArya ke krama meM usa aparAjita ne aneka pApa arjita kiye the| phalataH, marane ke bAda use naraka kI sAtavIM bhUmi kA nArakI honA par3A thA (zyAmA-vijayAlambha : pR. 114) / vasudeva, paribhramaNa ke krama meM himAlaya parvata ko dekhate hue jaba uttara dizA kI ora jA rahe the, taba pUrvadizA kI ora jAne kI icchA se unhoMne kuMjarAvarta aTavI meM praveza kiyA thA, jahA~ unheM eka padmasarovara dikhAI par3A thA, jo aneka jalacara pakSiyoM ke kalarava se bar3A manorama mAlUma hotA thaa| nAma kI anvarthatA ke anusAra, kuMjarAvarta aTavI meM sAmAnya hAthiyoM ke atirikta madAndha

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 379 gandhahastI bhI rahate the aura hAthiyoM kA jhuNDa pAnI pIne aura jalakrIDA karane ke lie ukta padmasarovara meM utaratA thA (zyAmalIlambha: pR. 122) / kathAkAra ne jalAvarttA aTavI ke varNana ke krama meM eka rocaka kathA upanyasta kI hai| mA kA rAjA padmaratha campAnagarI ke vAsupUjya muni kA bhakta thaa| eka dina usane vAsupUjya muni kI vandanA ke nimitta rAjakIya yAtrA kA Ayojana kiyA / usakI bhakti kI parIkSA ke nimitta acyuta aura vaizvAnara deva ne rAjA aura usake pradhAna puruSoM ke zarIra meM roga utpanna kara diyaa| phira bhI, rAjA avicalita bhAva se akelA hI cala pdd'aa| jaba vaha jalAvarttA aTavI meM pahu~cA, taba parIkSaka devoM ne vahA~ ke sarovara kA sArA pAnI sokha liyaa| phira bhI, rAjA lauTA nahIM, usane apanI yAtrA jArI rkhii| taba devoM ne aneka siMha prakaTa karake rAjA ko DarAyA / kintu rAjA pUrvavat apanI dharmaniSThA ke prati avicala banA rahA / taba, parIkSaka devoM ne apane asalI rUpa ko dikhalAkara munibhakta rAjA kI vandanA kI aura usase kSamA mA~gI ( madanavegAlambha : pR. 237) / arhaddAsa sArthavAha kA putra jinadAsa, vijayapura ke rAjA kI putrI puSpadantA ke sAtha haMsavilambita ghor3e para savAra hokara bhAga nikalA aura bilapaMktikA aTavI meM pahu~ca gayA / kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki vaha aTavI hiMsraka jantuoM se bharI thii| usa jaMgala meM dhanuSa-bANa hAtha liye pulinda Aye aura jinadAsa se yuddha karane lage / haMsavilambita azva para savAra khaDgadhArI jinadAsa ne una pulindoM ko parAjita kara diyaa| ve pulinda bhAga gaye / pyAsa se vyAkula jinadAsa per3a ke nIce puSpadantA ko rakhakara ghor3e ke sAtha pAnI ke lie niklaa| thor3I hI dUra para pahAr3a ke pAsa jala se bharA sarovara use dikhAI pdd'aa| ghor3e ko tIra para khar3A karake vaha pAnI pIne ke lie sarovara meM utarA / pAnI pIte samaya bAgha ne use daboca liyaa| bhayatrasta ghor3A vRkSa ke pAsa bhAga AyA / khAlI ghor3e ko dekhakara dInabhAva se rotI huI puSpadantA sarovara ke pAsa gaI / vahA~ bAgha se khAye gaye jinadAsa ke avaziSTa zarIra ko dekhakara vaha aura bhI jora se ro pdd'ii| pulindoM se pahale hI bIghA gayA ghAyala ghor3A vahIM kSaNabhara meM girakara mara gayA / usa akelI rotI-bilakhatI puSpadantA ko bhugnapuTa aura vibhugnapuTa ke adhInastha coroM ne pakar3a liyA aura ve use siMhaguhA nAma kI corapallI meM le gye| cora ke senApati kA nAma vimedra (prA. vimiMDha) thA, bhugnapuTa aura vibhugnapuTa usI ke do baliSTha putra the / puSpadantA ke lie jaba ve donoM putra lar3ane lage, taba vimedra ne use mathurA ke rAjA zUradeva ko upahAra meM de diyA / - zUradeva ne puSpadantA ko apanI pradhAnamahiSI banAkara rakha liyA ( priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 285 ) / isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne kathAvyAja se coroM aura hiMsra jantuoM vyApta bilapaMktikA aTavI kI bhayAnakatA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / kathAkAra ke dvArA varNita ghaTanAoM se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki siMhaguhA nAma kI corapallI meM eka-se-eka bhayAnaka coroM yA DAkuoM kA jAla bichA rahatA thA / vasudattA kI kathA (dhammillahiNDI : : pR. 60) meM bhI varNana AyA hai ki asahAya vasudattA ko cora jaba uThA le gaye the, taba unhoMne use siMhaguhA ke corasenApati kAladaNDa ke samakSa prastuta kiyA thA / kAladaNDa ne vasudattA ko rUpavatI jAnakara use apanI agramahiSI banA liyA thA /

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380 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kathAkAra ne ukta aTaviyoM ke atirikta bhUtaralA nAma kI aTavI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| yaha aTavI airAvatI nadI ke tIra para avasthita thA, jahA~ jaTilakauzika tApasa rahatA thA, jisakI patnI pavanavegA ke garbha se rAjA kapila dhammilla nAmaka bAlaka ke rUpa meM utpanna huA thaa| (ketumatIlambha : pR. 323) kathAkAra ne bhUtaralA aTavI se nAmasAmya rakhanevAlI bhUtaramaNA aTavI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jahA~ dhUmaketu nAmaka jyotiSka deva ne pUrvavairAnubandhavaza navajAta pradyumna kA apaharaNa karake use eka zilAtala para lAkara chor3a diyA thA, isalie ki vaha navajAta zizu sUrya kI garamI se sUkhakara mara jAya (pIThikA : pR. 84) / kathAkAra ne ina aTaviyoM ke atirikta kAlaMjara, kAlavana, bhImATavI, vijanasthAna Adi vanoM aura aTaviyoM kA bhI prabhAvaka varNana prastuta kiyA hai| kathAkAra ne eka jagaha prAkRtika aTavI kI saMsArATavI se tulanA kI hai : eka jaMgala meM eka hI jalAzaya thaa| vahA~ jaMgala ke pyAse caupAye Akara apanI pyAsa bujhAte the, phira lauTa jAte the| lekina, mahiSa usa jalAzaya meM Akara snAna karatA aura kIcar3a meM sIMga mAra-mArakara pAnI ko gaiMdalA kara detA, jisase dUsare jAnavaroM ke lie vaha pIne lAyaka nahIM rhtaa| yaha eka dRSTAntamAtra hai| jaMgala saMsAra-vana kA pratIka hai aura AcArya pAnI ke samAna haiM, phira dharmakathA sunane ke abhilASI jitane prANI haiM, ve pyAse caupAyoM kI bhA~ti haiM aura dharma meM bAdhA pahu~cAnevAle mahiSa ke samAna haiM (pIThikA : pR. 85) / kathAkAra ne pazcima pradeza meM himAlaya ke samIpa sthita jaMgala meM siMha ke rahane kI carcA kI hai, jise tripRSTha ne nirAyudha hokara mArA thaa| tripRSTha (kRSNa kA pratirUpa) itanA balazAlI thA ki usane siMha ke mu~ha meM hAtha DAlakara usake jabar3e ko phAr3a DAlA thA (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 277) eka sthala para kathAkAra ke varNana se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki usa samaya bhI jaMgala meM madhu ekatra kiyA jAtA thaa| madhu ke chatte meM baiThI makkhiyoM ko Aga kI dhAha se bhagAkara madhu ekatra karane kI prAcIna paramparA rahI hai (tatraiva : pR. 260) / __ aTaviyoM meM sthita corapalliyoM ke coroM se kabhI-kabhI nAgarikoM kI muThabher3a bhI hotI thii| kathA hai ki ulkAmakha corapallI kA adhipati bar3A nirdaya thaa| eka dina usake AdamiyoM ne madhyarAtri ke samaya sAketanagara ko rauMda DAlA aura gharoM ko jalA diyaa| coroM meM usI nagara ke brAhmaNa kA putra rudradatta bhI sammilita thaa| nAgarikoM ne nizcaya kiyA ki isI ne hamArA vinAza kiyA hai, basa sabhI usapara TUTa par3e aura use mAra DAlA (pratimukha : pR. 113) / vana meM sthita AzramoM kA rucira varNana bhI kathAkAra ne prasaMgavaza upanyasta kiyA hai| teIsaveM bhadramitrA-satyarakSitAlambha (pR. 353) kI kathA hai ki subaha hone para vasudeva eka Azrama meM phuNce| vahA~ agnihotra ke kAraNa dhuA~ phailA huA thA, pratyeka kuTI ke dvAra para vizvasta bhAva se hariNa-zizu soyA huA thaa| ramaNIyadarzana pakSI nirbhaya hokara vicara rahe the aura akharoTa, priyAla (cirauMjI), bera, keMda (teMdu), iMgudI (hiMgoTa), kaMsAra (kaserU) tathA nIvAra (tinI dhAna) ke Dhera par3e hue the| yaha Azrama godAvarI nadI ke zvetA janapada meM avasthita thaa| vahA~ RSiyoM ne vasudeva ko bhojana ke lie zaivAla, navAMkura aura sUkhe phUla-phala arpita kiye|

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381 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana tIrthaMkara mahAbhiniSkramaNa karake vanoM meM jAte the| aise vanoM meM siddhArthavana, sahasrAmravana Adi ullekhya haiN| vanoM ke varNana ke krama meM hI kathAkAra dvArA citrita udyAnoM aura AzramoM kA bhI sAMskRtika mahattva hai| udyAna-yAtrA usa yuga ke mahanIya sAMskRtika anuSThAnoM meM parigaNita thii| saMghadAsagaNI ne aneka AzramoM aura udyAnoM ke varNana kiye hai, jinameM aMgamandira, kAmasthAna, kauzikAzrama, SaDeDaka (prA. chaleDDaga), jIrNodyAna, jyotirvana, candanavana, devaramaNa, nandanavana, pramadavana, prItikara, potanAzrama, bhadrasAla, manorama, ratnakaraNDaka, zaravana, zrIvana, sumukha, suravana, suranipAta Adi ko na kevala AdhyAtmika, apitu lalita aura kalAbhUyiSTha sAMskRtika mahAkendra ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA hai| . uparyukta vana-vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki dezATanazIla kathAkAra ne vindhya-zreNI aura himAlaya-zreNI ke vanoM kA gahana paridarzana kiyA thaa| isIlie, aTaviyoM ke varNana meM unhoMne nitAnta bhaugolika aura prAkRtika pakSoM ko hI pramukhatA dI hai| jJAtavya hai ki lokajIvanAnurAgI kathAkAra gahana vanoM ke varNana meM unakI bhayAnakatA ke udbhAvana ke prati adhika AgrahazIla rahe haiM; isIlie unhoMne tapojIvana se sambaddha AraNyaka saMskRti kI prAya: sarvatra saMkSipta yA nAmata: carcA kI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM vRkSapUjA ko atizaya mahattva diyA gayA hai / lokajIvana meM pIpala aura baragada to viziSTa rUpa se pUjita haiN| vivAha-saMskAra se avasara para Ama-mahuA byAhane kI bhI cirAcarita prathA milatI hai| dhAtrInavamI kA nAmakaraNa usa tithi ko dhAtrIvRkSa (A~valA kA per3a) ke pUjane kI vizeSa prathA ko saMketita karatA hai, to 'vaTasAvitrIvrata' (jyeSTha kRSNa amAvasyA) ke dina bhAratIya sadhavA striyA~ baragada ko pati kA pratinidhi mAnakara usakI pUjA karatI haiN| pIpala yA azvattha to sAkSAt trideva (brahmA, kRSNa yA viSNu aura maheza) kA hI pratirUpa hai|' 'gItA' meM kRSNa ne kahA bhI hai ki 'ashvtthHsrvvRkssaannaam|' (10. 26); arthAt vRkSoM meM yadi kRSNa kI vyApakatA ko mAnA jAya, to vaha azvattha haiN| yahA~taka ki avyayAtmA azvattha vRkSa meM hI samasta saMsAra ke AvAsita rahane kI bhAratIya parikalpanA kA bhI apanA mUlya hai| vaTavRkSa kI pUjA se sAvitrI-satyavAn kI prasiddha paurANika Adarza kathA ke jur3e rahane kI bAta sarvavidita hai| somavArI amAvasyA ko azvattha-pradakSiNA kI lokaprathA bhI bhAratIya jIvana kI dharmaniSTha saMskRti ko sUcita karatI hai / bodhivRkSa ke nIce buddha ko jJAnalAbha hone ke kAraNa bauddhoM meM azvattha kI pUjyAtizayatA sarvasvIkata hai| sindha-ghATI-sabhyatA meM azvatthavakSa kA mahattva vahA~ se prApta aneka madrAoM tathA pAtrakhaNDoM para aMkita vRkSoM se prakaTa hotA hai| bhArata ke prAcIna sAhitya meM vRkSotsava kI gaNanA aneka lokapracalita utsavoM meM kI gaI hai, jinameM kAminiyA~ vividha krIDAe~ karatI thiiN| zAlabhaMjikA-krIDA meM isake sAkSya upalabdha hai| zAlavana kI carcA jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM samAna bhAva se milatI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM zAlavRkSa kI carcA 1. mUlato brahmarUpAya, madhyato vissnnuruupinne| agrata: zivarUpAya azvatthAya namo nmH|| yahA~ azvattha ko pradhAna vRkSa mAnakara upalakSaNa rUpa se azvattha kA nAma liyA gayA hai| sabhI vRkSoM kI sthiti isI prakAra hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dra. vaidika vijJAna aura bhAratIya saMskRti' : ma.ma.paM.giridhara zarmA caturvedI, pR. 247

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382 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA yatra-tatra kI hai ('tatya ya paMthanbhAse egassa sAlarukkhassa mUle'; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 61) / prAcIna vRkSapUjA ko pratIkita karanevAlI paramparA vRkSaropaNa-saptAha yA vana-mahotsava ke rUpa meM Aja bhI jIvita hai| iNDoneziyA meM vRkSoM se hI strI-puruSa ke utpanna hone kA vizvAsa baddhamUla hai| kahanA na hogA ki vRkSapUjA kI mahattA sArvabhauma stara para svIkRta hai tathA vanaspati, pazu-pakSI evaM manuSya eka hI cetanA ke rUpabheda haiN| yahA~taka ki paryAvaraNa kI vividha pradUSaNoM se prarakSA ke lie vanaspatiyoM yA per3a-paudhoM kA astitva anivArya hai| uparyukta samaSTyAtmaka cetanA ke rUpabheda kI dhAraNA ke AdhAra para hI saMghadAsagaNI ne jaina darzana kI mAnyatA ke pariprekSya meM vanaspati meM jIvasiddhi kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| yaha varNana vasudeva dvArA, rAjabhaya se utpanna nirveda ke vazIbhUta hokara tApasadharma svIkAra kiye hue tapasviyoM ko upadeza ke rUpa meM upanyasta hai / isa upadeza kA sArAMza yaha hai ki satyavAdI tIrthaMkaroM ke satya Agama-pramANa se vanaspatiyoM ko jIva mAnakara unapara zraddhA rakhanI caahie| viSayopalabdhi ke krama meM manuSya jisa prakAra paMcendriyoM se zabda Adi viSayoM kA anubhava karate haiM, usI prakAra ye vanaspati-jIva bhI janmAntara-kriyAoM kI bhAvalabdhivaza sparzendriya se viSaya kA anubhava karate haiN| isI prakAra, megha ke garjanasvara se kandalI, kuDavaka Adi kI utpatti hotI hai, jisase inakI zabdopalabdhi kI sUcanA milatI hai| phira, vRkSa Adi kA Azraya prApta karake bar3hanevAlI latA Adi ko rUpa kI upalabdhi hotI hai aura isI prakAra dhUpa dene se kisI vanaspati ko gandha kI upalabdhi hotI hai tathA pAnI paTAne se Ikha Adi ko rasa kI upalabdhi hotI hai; jar3a Adi ke kATa dene se utpanna saMkoca (sikur3ana) Adi se vanaspati kI spopalabdhi kI sUcanA milatI hai; kamala Adi ke pattoM ke simaTane se unakI nIMda kA saMketa prApta hotA hai / sAhityazAstra meM striyoM ke nUpurayukta pairoM ke AghAta (sparza se azoka Adi per3oM ke vikasita hone kI kaviprasiddhi prApta hotI hai aura isI prakAra asamaya meM phUla-phala ke udgama se saptaparNa vanaspati ke harSAtireka kA bodha hotA hai| __ athaca, anekendriya jIva utpatti aura vRddhidharma se yukta hote haiM tathA ucita poSaNa prApta hone se snigdha kAntivAle, balavAn, nIroga tathA AyuSyavAn hote haiM evaM kupoSaNa se kRza, durbala aura vyAdhipIr3ita hokara mara jAte hai| isI prakAra, vanaspatikAyika jIva bhI utpatti aura vRddhidharmavAle hote haiM tathA madhura jala se sikta hone para bahuta phala denevAle, cikane pattoM se suzobhita, saghana aura dIrghAyu hote haiM aura phira tIte, kar3ave, kasaile tathA khaTTe jala se sIMcane para vanaspati jIvoM ke patte murajhA jAte haiM yA pIle par3a jAte haiM yA rukhar3e ho jAte hai aura ve phalahIna hote tathA mara jAte haiN| isa prakAra ke kAraNoM se una vanaspatiyoM meM 'jIva' hai, aisA mAnakara unakI ucita rIti se rakSA karanI cAhie (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 267) / saMghadAsagaNI dvArA upanyasta vRkSa-varNanoM meM vRkSoM kI pUjanIyatA aura mahattA kA vinyAsa to huA hI hai, camatkRta karanevAlI aneka mithakIya cetanA bhI samAhita ho gaI hai| kathAkAra ne 1. Adhunika vaijJAnikoM kI bhI yaha mAnyatA hai ki reDiyo Adi kI madhura AvAja ke sunane se phasaloM ko saMvarddhana prApta hotA hai| isase bhI vanaspati meM zabdolabdhi kI zakti vidyamAna rahane kI sUcanA milatI hai| sAtha hI, isase, prasiddha vaijJAnika jagadIzacandra basu ke, vanaspatiyoM meM bhI manuSya kI taraha jaivika cetanA rahane ke siddhAnta kA samarthana hotA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana sAmAnya vanaspatiyoM ke atirikta zAla, sahakAra, tilaka, kurabaka, campaka, azoka, (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 155); kamala, kumuda, kunda (tatraiva : pR. 159), punnAga, panasa, nAlikera, pArApata, bhavyagaja, nameruka (vegavatIlambha: pR. 250); saptaparNa, tindUsaka (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 269), bilva ( priyaMgusundarI lambha: pR. 298), zallakI (gandharvadattAlambha: pR. 138), akSoTa (akharoTa, priyAla, kola (bera), tinduka, iMguda, kaMsAra, nIvAra (ketumatIlambha: pR. 353) Adi kA ullekha tokiya hI hai, vizeSa vanaspatiyoM meM kalpavRkSa, nandivatsa, citrarasa aura raktAzoka (caityavRkSa) kA bhI varNana upasthita kiyA hai / yahA~ kathAkAra dvArA kathAvastu ke vikAsa ke lie sandarbhita vizeSa vanaspatiyoM kA vivaraNa - vivecana hI prAsaMgika aura mahattvapUrNa hogA / 383 saMghadAsagaNI ne kalpavRkSa kI anekazaH carcA kI hai| bhAratIya paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra, yaha kalpavRkSa prasiddha devAsura - kRta samudra manthana ke krama meM upalabdha caudaha ratnoM meM anyatama hai / bhAratIya Agama-sAhitya meM caudaha ratnoM kI kathA kahA~ se aura kaise AI, isakI gaveSaNA prAcIna itihAsa evaM purAtattva kI upalabdhiyoM ke Aloka meM apekSita / kyoMki, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isameM sAMskRtika sambandhoM aura unake samanvaya kI vizAla prakriyA pratibimbita hai / kalpavRkSa mukhyatayA dhana-vaibhava aura sukha-samRddhi kA hI dyotaka hai| yaha deva aura mAnava kI abhIpsita-pUrti kA alaukika mAdhyama hai| 'amarakoza' meM, kalpavRkSa ke pA~ca nAma Aye hai aura inheM devataru' kahA gayA hai / pA~ca nama isa prakAra haiM : mandAra, pArijAta, santAna, kalpavRkSa aura hricndn| vaiSNava purANoM meM pArijAta kI durlabhatA para eka kathA kI racanA 'pArijAtaharaNa' ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA hai / yaha alabhya kalpavRkSa kRSNa kI patnI satyanAmA ko bhA gayA aura jaba unhoMne use pAne kA haTha ThAna hI liyA, taba antatogatvA kRSNa samasta vighna-bAdhAoM ko jhelakara svarga pahu~ce aura svargAdhipati indra se pArijAta ko chInakara pRthvI para le Aye aura use apane udyAna meM pratiSThita kiyaa| isa kathA meM yaha svargIya vRkSa svarga aura martya donoM lokoM kI AkAMkSAoM kA sammilita pratIka banakara sAmane AtA hai aura indra se kRSNa kI zreSThatA kA bhI dyotana karatA hai / 2 kalpavRkSa, kAlidAsa dvArA sampUrNa nArI-zRMgAra ('sakalamabalAmaNDanaM) ko sulabha karanevAlA svargIya vRkSa ke rUpa meM parikalpita hai / 'meghadUta' meM varNana hai ki alakApurI meM, pahanane ke lie raMga-viraMge vastra, nayanoM ko vividha vilAsa sikhAnevAlI madirA, zarIra sajAne ke lie koMpaloM sahita khile hue phUloM ke bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke gahane, kamala kI taraha komala pairoM ko ra~gane ke lie mahAvara Adi samasta prakAra kI strIjanopayogI zRMgAra - sAmagrI akelA kalpavRkSa hI prastuta karatA hai / zuMgakAla (I.pU. prathama zatI) ke zAsaka agnimitra ke samakAlIna kAlidAsa kI isa ukti se yaha saMketa hotA hai ki prasAdhanaprasU kalpavRkSa svarga se pRthvI para Akara lAkSaNika rIti se lalita 1. pacaite devataravo mandAraH pArijAtakaH / santAnaH kalpavRkSazca puMsi vA haricandanam // amarakoza, prathama kANDa, svarga-varga 2. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : DaoN. jagadIza gupta kA 'kAmanApUrti kA alaukika AdhAra : kalpavRkSa' zIrSaka lekha; 'manoramA' (ilAhAbAda), janavarI (prathama pakSa), san 1978 I, pR. 23-24 3. ekaH sUte sakalamabalAmaNDanaM kalpavRkSaH / - 'meghadUta' : uttaramegha

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384 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kalAoM aura sAhitya meM samAviSTa ho gyaa| sA~cI, bharahuta Adi meM zuMgakAlIna zilAMkita kalpavRkSa yA kalpalatAe~ isa rUpa kI haiM ki unakI zAkhAoM, puSpoM tathA kalikAoM se vibhinna prakAra ke vastrAbhUSaNa utpanna hote dikhAye gaye haiM / kahanA na hogA ki kalpalatA kalpavRkSa kA hI nArI rUpa hai| 'mahAbhArata', 'rAmAyaNa', purANa, kAvyagrantha Adi samasta prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya meM, sArvatrika rUpa se, kalpadruma kI kalpanA manorathapUraka vRkSa ke rUpa meM hI kI gaI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI kalpavRkSa kI, AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karanevAle kalpanA- vRkSa yA kAmanA-vRkSa ke rUpa meM hI parikalpanA kI hai, sAtha hI kalpavRkSottara kAla kI paristhiti kA bhI upanyAsa kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki RSabhasvAmI ke rAjya meM, uttaravarttI kAla meM vastravRkSa yA vastra prApta karane ke sAdhana kalpavRkSa kI kamI par3a jAne para bhagavAn ne julAhoM ko upadeza kiyaa| phalataH, una julAhoM ne vastra banAne kI vidhi kA AviSkAra kiyaa| isI prakAra, gRhAkAra kalpavRkSa kI kamI par3ane para ghara banAne ke kAma ke lie bar3haI taiyAra kiye gaye (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 163) / kalpavRkSa kI kalpanA mAnava ke aitihAsika vikAsa kI usa avasthA ko sUcita karatI hai, jaba vaha apanI sArI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie vRkSoM (vanaspatiyoM) para nirbhara karatA thA / isI taraha kAmadhenu kI kalpanA govaMza (kRSi aura pazupAlana) para usakI pUrNata: nirbharatA kI aitihAsika avasthA ko saMketita karatI hai / saMghadAsagaNI ke varNana se sUcita hotA hai ki purAkAla meM zibikAoM meM kalpavRkSa aMkita karane kI prathA thI / vasudeva jaba kAmadeva seTha kI icchA ke anusAra rAjakula meM jAne ke vicAra se bAhara nikale the, taba unhoMne bhavana ke dvAra para kuzala zilpI ke buddhisarvasva se nirmita, bhauroM ke lie pralobhana-svarUpa kalpavRkSoM se aMkita tathA kutUhalI janoM ke lie nayanapriya zibikA taiyAra dekhI thI (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 281) / mahAbhArata ke bhISmaparva meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki uttara kurupradeza kI striyA~ kalpavRkSa ke vaibhava kA pracura upayoga karatI thiiN| isI kI samAnAntara carcA saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI kI hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki zrIsena prabhRti cAroM prANI devakuru (uttarakuru) - kSetra ke prabhAvavaza kalpavRkSa se prApta parama viSaya - sukha kA anubhava karate hue tIna palyopama jIvita rahakara mRdula bhAvanApUrvaka devAyuSya arjita karake, sukha se kAla ko prApta hue aura cAroM jIva saudharma kalpa meM deva ke rUpa utpanna hue (ketumatImbha : pR. 323) / 'sthAnAMga' (10.142) ke anusAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI devaloka-svarUpa uttarakuru hada ke taTa para bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI ko tatkSaNa utpanna karanevAle dazavidha kalpavRkSa ke hone kA ullekha kiyA hai : "tato tammi devaloyabhUe dasavihakappataruppabhavabhogopabhogapamuiyAI kayAi uttarakuruddahatIradese asogapAyavacchAyAe veruliyamaNisilAtale navanIyasarisasaMphAse suhanisaNNAI acchAmu"; (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 165) / ' sthAnAMga' meM likhA hai ki suSamA- suSamAkAla meM dasa prakAra ke vRkSa .1 1. susamasusamAe NaM samae dasavihA rukkhA uvabhogattAe havvamAgacchanti, taM jahAgayA ya bhiMgA, tuDataMgA dIvajoti cittaMgA / - cittarasA maNigaMgA, gehAgArA aNiyaNA ya // sthAnAMga : 10. 142

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1 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 385 ( kalpavRkSa) upabhoga meM Ate haiN| ye haiM : 1. madAMgaka (mAdaka rasavAle), 2. bhRMga (bhAjanAkAra pattoMvAle), 3. truTitAMga (vAdyadhvani utpanna karanevAle), 4. dIpAMga (prakAza karanevAle), 5. jyotiSAMga (agni kI bhA~ti USmA sahita prakAza karanevAle), 6. citrAMga (mAlAkAra puSpoM se lade hue), 7. citrarasa (vividha prakAra ke manojJa rasavAle ) 8. maNyaMga. (AbharaNAkAra avayavoMvAle), 9. gehAkAra (ghara ke AkAravAle) aura 10. ananAMga (nagnatva ko Dhakane ke upayoga meM aanevaale)| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI kI kalpavRkSa-viSayaka kalpanA 'sthAnAMga' jaise Agama-granthoM para hI AdhRta hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne spaSTa likhA hai ki sRSTi ke prArambhakAla, arthAt avasarpiNI ke tIsare sukhamaya duHkhamaya kAla ke pichale tribhAga meM pRthvI nayanamanohara thii| isakI sataha sugandhita, mRdula aura pA~ca varNa ke maNiratna se yukta tathA sarovara ke tala bhAga ke samAna samatala thii| isa pRthvI para madhu, madirA, dUdha evaM kSaudrarasa ke samAna nirmala aura prAkRtika jala se bharI huI, ratna aura sone kI sIr3hiyoMvAlI vApiyA~, puSkariNiyA~ aura dIrghikAe~ thIM / mattAMgaka, bhRMga, truTita, dIpazikhAjyoti, citrAMga, citrarasa, manohara, maNyaMga, gRhAkAra aura AkIrNa nAmaka dazavidha kalpavRkSa kramazaH madhura, madya, bhAjana, zravaNamadhura zabda, dIpaka, prakAza, mAlya, svAdiSTha bhojana, bhUSaNa, bhavana aura icchita uttama vastra kI ApUrti karate the (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 157) / saMghadAsagaNI (tatraiva) dvArA carcita varttamAna avasarpiNI-kAla ke bhAratavarSa ke jambUdvIpavAsI sAta kulakaroM (vimalavAhana, cakSuSmAn, yazasvI yA yazasvin, abhicandra, prasenajit marudeva aura nAbhikumAra) meM prathama vimalavAhana ke lie sAta prakAra ke vRkSa nirantara upabhoga meM Ate the: madAMgaka, bhRMga, citrAMga, citrarasa, maNyaMga, anagnaka aura kalpavRkSa (sthAnAMga : 7.65) / saMghadAsagaNI ne kalpavRkSa ke nAmAntara santAnaka kA bhI do-eka sthaloM para ullekha kiyA hai / eka sthala para kathAkAra dvArA prastuta saMketa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki purAyuga meM mandara parvata kI guphAoM meM santAnaka yA kalpavRkSa bhI ugate the / gandharvadattAlambha kI kathA meM varNana hai ki navajAta cArudatta, jAtakarma-saMskAra ke bAda, dhAI se parirakSita aura parijanoM se poSita hokara mandarAcala kI kandarAoM se utpanna kalpavRkSa kI taraha nirvighna bhAva se bar3hane lagA : ( " tato dhAiparikkhitto pariyaNeNa lAlijjato maMdarakaMdaruggao viva saMtANakapAyavo niruvasaggaM vaDDao; gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 134) / saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita kalpavRkSa ke atirikta, nandivatsa aura citrarasa vRkSa bhI svargIya vRkSa ke samakakSa the / kathA hai ki zAntisvAmI mahAbhiniSkramaNa karake, eka hajAra devoM dvArA DhoI jAtI huI siddhArthazibikA para car3hakara sahasrAmravana meM Aye aura nandivatsa vRkSa ke nIce tapa karake unhoMne kevalajJAna prApta kiyA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 349) / harivaMza - kula kI utpatti meM kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki harivarSavAsI mithuna kI jaba eka karor3a pUrva kI Ayu zeSa thI, tabhI vIrakadeva ko una donoM ke prati vairabhAva kA smaraNa ho aayaa| mithuna kI eka lAkha varSa kI Ayu jaba zeSa raha gaI, tabhI campA rAjadhAnI meM ikSvAku kula kA rAjA candrakIrtti putrahIna sthiti meM mRtyu ko prApta huaa| vahA~ nAgarakoM ke lie rAjA banAne kI icchA se usa mithuna ko narakagAmI jAnakara bhI, vIraka use harivarSa se uThA le aayaa| phira, harivarSa se citrarasavRkSa le Akara vIraka bolA : 'isa mithuna ke lie mAMsarasa se siMcita isa vRkSa ke phaloM ko doN| isake bAda vIraka ne usa mithuna ke kada ko dhanuSya (cArahAtha )- pramANa U~cA kara diyA (padmAvatIlambha: pR. 357) / yahA~ kathAkAra dvArA 1

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386 vasadevahiNDI:bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kI gaI mAMsarasa se citrarasavRkSa ke siMcita hone kI kalpanA parama adbhuta hai| isIlie jainAgama (sthAnAMga : 10.160) meM harivaMza-kula kI utpatti ko dasa AzcaryoM meM ginA gayA hai| __kathAkAra ne kamala ke phUloM, kadalIvRkSa aura kusumita azokavRkSoM kA to bAra-bAra varNana kiyA hai, kintu, caityavRkSa ke sandarbha meM raktAzoka kI adhika carcA kI hai aura ise kalpavRkSa ke samAna kahA hai| zramaNa-saMskRti meM caitya zabda jinAlaya yA buddhAlaya ke lie prayukta huA hai| arthAt, vaha pavitra dharmasthala, jahA~ tIrthaMkara yA buddha ke atirikta zramaNa sAdhu vihAra ke krama meM Akara Thaharate aura pravacana karate the| 'meghadUta' ke prasiddha TIkAkAra vallabhadeva ne bhI caitya kA artha buddhAlaya hI kiyA hai| DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kA vicAra hai ki stUpa aura vRkSa ina do arthoM meM caitya zabda prayukta hotA hai, kintu prastuta prasaMga meM vRkSa artha abhipreta hai| kathAkAra ne rAjagRha ke guNazilaka aura puNyabhadra caityoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai aura zAntisvAmI ke caitya kI dharma-pariSad kI carcA karate hue likhA hai ki jahA~ jagadguru tIrthaMkara prasannamukha baiThe the, vahA~ nandivatsa vRkSa divya prabhAva se lokacakSu ko Ananda denevAle kalpavRkSa ke samAna sundara raktAzoka se AcchAdita ho gayA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 341) / ___arasvAmI bhI mahAbhiniSkramaNa ke samaya zibikA para, jisameM kalpavRkSa ke phUla saje the aura unapara bhaure guMjAra kara rahe the tathA usake stUpa (gumbada) meM vidruma, candrakAnta, padmarAga, aravinda, nIlamaNi aura sphaTika jar3e hue the, savAra hokara sahasrAmravana meM sahakAra-vRkSa (AmravRkSa) ke nIce Akara baitthe| unake baiThate hI tatkSaNa AmravRkSa maMjariyoM se muskarA uThA, koyala mIThI AvAja meM kUkane lagI aura kAle bhaure guMjAra karane lage (tatraiva : pR. 347) / ___ isa prakAra, vRkSoM ke varNana ke krama meM kathAkAra ne apane sUkSmatama prAkRtika aura zAstra gambhIra adhyayana kA paricaya diyA hai| kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM upalabdha vanoM aura vanaspatiyoM kI bahuraMgI udbhAvanAe~ sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se apanA pAryantika mahattva rakhatI haiN| yahA~ digdarzana-mAtra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhojana-sAmagrI : prastuta adhyayana kI bhUmikA meM lokajIvana ke citraNa ke prasaMga meM saMghadAsagaNI-kRta bhojana-sambandhI varNanoM kA lekhA-jokhA bahulAMzata: kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ katipaya bhojyasAmagrI kA ullekha apekSita hai| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI kA bhojya-sAmagrI-vivaraNa bahudhA Agama-granthoM ke Aloka meM hI upanyasta huA hai| 'sthAnAMga' (4.512-13) meM manuSyoM aura devoM ke cAra-cAra prakAra ke AhAroM kA ullekha huA hai| azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya ye cAra manuSyoM ke AhAra haiM aura varNa, gandha, rasa tathA sparza ina cAra guNoM se yukta AhAra devoM ke hote haiN| puna: 'sthAnAMga' (6.109) meM hI bhojana ke chaha prakAra ke pariNAma nirdiSTa hue haiN| jaise : manojJa (mana meM AhlAda utpanna karanevAlA); rasika (rasayukta), prINanIya (rasa, rakta Adi dhAtuoM meM samatA lAnevAlA) : bRhaNIya (mAMsa ko bar3hAnevAlA): madanIya (kAma kI uttejanA paidA 1.vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'meghadUta : eka anucintana' : zrIraMjana sUrideva, pR. 339

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 387 karanevAlA) aura darpaNIya (darpa yA puSTi pradAna karanevAlA) / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathAkAra ne prAya: isI prakAra kI bhojya-sAmagrI kA varNana kiyA hai| agaDadatta ne jaMgala meM vanahastiyoM dvArA vidrAvita sArthoM ke bhAga jAne kA anumAna kiyA thaa| bhAgate samaya ve jina taiyAra bhojya padArthoM ko chor3a gaye the, unameM samiti (maide kI banI huI pUrI jaisI vastu), cAvala (bhAta), ur3ada kI banI huI sAmagrI tathA ghI kI phUTI huI hA~r3I aura bhAta kI thAlI bhI thI (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 44) / isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya ke loga ghRtabahula ATA, cAvala aura ur3ada kI banI sAmagrI thAlI meM rakhakara bhojana karate the, aura nizcaya hI, ye sabhI bhojya padArtha 'sthAnAMga' meM varNita bhojana ke pariNAma-prakAroM kA pratinidhitva karanevAle haiN| usa samaya ke bhojanoM meM aneka prakAra ke khAdya, bhojya aura peya padArtha sammilita rahate the aura bhojana bhI bar3e vidhi-vidhAna ke sAtha kiyA jAtA thaa| dhammilla jana vividha vasana-AbhUSaNoM se sajjita hokara yuvarAja evaM lalitagoSThI ke anya sadasyoM ke sAtha udyAna-yAtrA para gayA thA, taba vahA~ kiMkaroM ne apUrva paTamaNDapa khar3A kiyA aura kanAtaM (prA. 'paDisara') kA gherA DAla diyaa| kulavadhuoM ke zayana ke yogya bichAvana bichAye gye| yuvarAja kI AjJA se sundara bhUmibhAga meM bhojana-maNDapa taiyAra kiyA gyaa| TokariyoM se phUla bikhere gaye / yathAyogya Asana taiyAra kiye gye| gandha, vastra, AbhUSaNa aura mAlA se saje goSThI ke sadasya apane-apane vaibhava kA pradarzana karate hue yathAnirdiSTa maNinirmita Asana para baitthe| suvarNa, rala aura maNi se nirmita baratana sabako diye gye| dhammilla bhI apanI priyA vimalasenA ke sAtha baiThA aura senA bhI unakI bagala meM hI baitthii| sabake hAtha dho lene para nAnAvidha khAdya bhojya aura peya parose gye| sabhI paraspara vizeSa prIti anubhava kara rahe the| bhojana ke bAda madavihvala yuvatiyoM ne gIta-vAdya ke sAtha nRtya prastuta kiyaa| kAryakrama ke anta meM goSThI ke sadasyoM-sahita yuvarAja, dhammilla kA abhinandana karatA huA uThA aura sabhI apane-apane yAna-vAhana para savAra hokara ghara kI ora cala par3e (tatraiva : pR. 64) / nizcaya hI, yaha sAMskRtika kAryakrama Adhunika 'pikanika' kI prathA kI atizaya samRddha aura kalArucira pUrva-paramparA kI ora saMketa karatA hai| ___ saMghadAsagaNI-kRta bhojana-sAmagrI ke varNana se yaha spaSTa hai ki usa yuga ke bhojyAnoM meM gehU~ aura cAvala kI hI pradhAnatA rahatI thii| ghI kA sevana pracura mAtrA meM hotA thaa| usa samaya 'kAMkaTuka' (ketumatIlambha : pR. 343) nAmaka eka niSiddha anna bhI hotA thaa| 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ke anusAra, yaha anna kaMkar3a kI bhA~ti durbhedya mASa yA ur3ada jAti kA anna thA, jo kabhI siddha nahIM hotA thaa| kathAkAra ne dussAdhya yA duSpAcya karmavipAka kI tulanA meM kAMkaTuka anna kA upamAna ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA hai| usa yuga meM miThAiyoM meM laDDU aura ghebara (ghayapura < ghRtapUra : madanavegAlambhaHpR. 239) kA vizeSa pracalana thaa| ghebara tAI (tAvikA; tatraiva) meM ghI DAlakara pakAyA jAtA thA ('ghayapuNNA tAvigAe paciumAraddhA' : tatraiva) rasoie ko prItidAna yA tuSTidAna (Adhunika artha meM 'Tipsa) dene kI bhI prathA thI ('sayasahassaM ca me tuhidANaM dAhiti tti'; puNDrAlambha pR. 211) / isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne apanI mahatkathA meM tadyugIna bhojana-sAmagrI kA bar3A rucira varNana upanyasta kiyA hai| kathAkAra dvArA varNita bhojana-sAmagrI aura bhojana-maNDapa se tatkAlIna

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA sAMskRtika vaibhavazAlI AhAra - paramparA kA manorama saMketa upalabdha hotA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM AhAra aura vihAra ko atizaya mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai / kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' ke sampUrNa kathA-pariveza meM AhAra-vihAra kA anavadya Adarza paricitrita huA hai| . 388 naraka aura svarga : sAmAnya sAMskRtika lokajIvana meM bhojana-viSayaka ruci vaicitrya aura pAka - vaividhya to prApta hotA hI hai, sAtha hI svarga-naraka, deva-devI, bhUta-pizAca, yakSa-rAkSasa, vidyAdhara - apsarA Adi kI kalpanAe~ evaM anekavidha yAntrika AviSkAroM kI dhAraNAe~ bhI anusyUta milatI haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM cU~ki lokavizvAsa se saMvalita kathAoM kA parigumphana huA hai, isalie mithakIya cetanAparaka - ukta tathyoM kA isameM sahaja hI samAveza pAyA jAtA hai / kahanA na hogA ki lokAzrayI cintAdhArA ke mahAn kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne lokajIvana se prakaTa honevAlI sAhityika vidhAoM kA na kevala sAhityika vinyAsa kiyA hai, apitu unheM nayA saMvarddhana bhI diyA hai, sAtha hI bhAratIya baddhamUla dhAraNAoM kA sAMskRtika saMyojana karate hue, unheM manovaijJAnika aura parA- prAkRtika parikalpanA ke sAtha atizaya sphUrta abhivyakti pradAna kI hai| dhArmika vizvAsoM se Azvasta mAnavIya vRttiyoM ke udAra aura ramaNIya rUpoM kA mArmika evaM bhAvAtmaka rekhA -vidhAna karanevAle kathAkAra ne, dhArmika AsthAmUlaka upAdAnoM ke yugaparibaddha cintana kI prastuti ke krama meM, paramparAoM kA khaNDana aura khaNDana-pradhAna paramparAoM kA samunnayana pradarzita kiyA hai, isIlie unakI kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM zrAmaNya- paramparA kI uccatA ke aneka anAsvAdita AyAmoM kA saMghaTana huA hai / udbodhanAtmaka kathAkAvya hone ke kAraNa isa mahArgha kRti meM kathAkAra kA, apane vicAroM ko abhivyakta karane kA prayAsa to parilakSita hotA hI hai, sAmAnya logoM ke udbodhana kI cintAe~ bhI prasphuTita huI haiN| sAtha hI, kathAkAra meM svarga-naraka, deva-devI Adi ke varNanoM ko tato'dhika mohaka aura sarasa banAne kA Agraha hai, to unheM adhika se adhika camatkArapUrNa abhivyakti dene kI ceSTA bhI udgrIva huI hai / yahA~ uparisaMketita lokadhAraNAoM para samAti prakAza-nikSepa abhIpsita hogA / naraka : prAcIna bhAratIya zAstroM meM naraka kA pracura ullekha prApta hotA hai / brAhmaNa - paramparA ke purANa-granthoM evaM zramaNa-paramparA ke Agama-granthoM meM naraka ke aneka rUpa milate haiM, jinameM nArakiyoM ko prApta honevAlI yama yAtanAoM kA lomaharSaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / 'garuDapurANa' meM maraNottara jIvana kI vicAradhArA kA sarvAdhika vistAra pAyA jAtA hai| yamaloka tathA narakoM kA varNana aura mRtyu ke bAda kiye jAnevAle karmakANDoM kA vidhi-vidhAna hI isa purANa kI sabase bar3I varNya vizeSatA hai| 'bhagavadgItA' meM naraka kI kalpanA adhamagati ko sUcita karanevAlI AsurI yoni ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai tathA kAma, krodha aura lobha ina tInoM ko AtmanAzaka naraka kA dvAra kahA gayA hai|' 'IzopaniSad' meM naraka kI kalpanA ajJAna aura andhakAra se bhare 'asurya' loka ke rUpa kI gaI hai, jahA~ adha:patita AtmAvAloM yA AtmaghAtiyoM ko ghora durgati bhogane 1. AsurIM yonimApatrA mUDhA janmani janmani / mAmaprApyaiva kaunteya tato yAntyadhamAM gatim // trividhaM narakasyedaM dvAraM nAzanamAtmanaH / kAmaH krodhastathA lobhastasmAdetattrayaM tyajet // - gItA : 16. 20-21

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vasadevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 389 ko vivaza honA par3atA hai| 'sthAnAMga' meM naraka ko hI adholoka kahA gayA hai, jahA~ cAra prakAra ke andhakAra rahate haiM : naraka, nairayika, pApakarma aura azubha pudgala (4.506) / AgamAnusAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne adholoka, yAnI naraka kI ora uttarottara nIce jAnevAlI sAta pRthviyoM yA bhUmiyoM kI carcA kathAprasaMgavaza kI hai| ye sAtoM bhUmiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, bAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, tamatamA aura mhaatmaa| kathAkAra ne sAtoM narakabhUmiyoM kA ullekha karane ke krama meM pA~ca narakoM kA nAmata: varNana kiyA hai| jaise apratiSThAna, tamatamA, ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA aura sarpAvarta / isI prasaMga meM kathAkAra ne naraka, yAnI yamaloka ke samaSTyAtmaka svarUpa kA atizaya lomaharSaka citraNa kiyA hai, jo saMkSepata: isa prakAra hai : sunane meM bhI pratikUla laganevAle sAre naraka amAvasa kI rAta kI bhA~ti andhakArapUrNa hote haiM; bhayajanita rudana aura pralApa se bhare hote haiM; vahA~ sar3I huI lAza kI badabU phailatI rahatI hai; narakoM kI bhUmi bicchU ke DaMka ke samAna duHsaha aura karkaza sparzavAlI tathA durgama hotI hai, jahA~ nArakI puruSa nAma, Ayu aura avyakta manuSyadeha tathA usa bhava ke yogya pA~ca paryAptiyoM ko prApta kara pApa ke upalepa se malina tathA asahya ThaNDaka, garamI, pyAsa, bhUkha aura vedanA se chaTapaTAte hue dIrghakAla taka duHkha bhogate haiN| gahana andhakAra se bhare eka naraka se dUsare naraka meM bhaTakate hue nArakI jIvoM kA jaba Apasa meM sparza hotA hai yA bhayaMkara AvAja hotI hai, tabhI ve samajhate haiM ki dUsare bhI yahA~ haiM / tIrthaMkaroM ke janma, niSkramaNa aura kevalajJAna kI utpatti ke samaya jaba zubha pudgala-pariNAma se sampUrNa jagat prakAzita hotA hai, tabhI nArakI puruSa eka dUsare ko dekha pAte haiN| avadhijJAna ke kAraNa pUrvajanma ke vairAnubandha kA smaraNa ho Ane se narakavAsI eka dUsare ko dekhakara bhAlA, lAThI, gulela, tIra, mUsala Adi vikurvita kara paraspara prahAra karate haiN| prahAra se zarIra ke vidIrNa ho jAne para ve mUrcchita ho jAte haiM, phira kSaNabhara meM hI prakRtistha hokara eka dUsare ko nAkhUnoM se nocate aura dA~toM se kATate haiM aura amarSa se jalate hue ve eka dUsare kA vadha karate haiN| pratidharmI asura bhI, dUsare ke vadha se harSita hokara nArakIya AvAsa meM pahu~cakara khelane kI ceSTA karate haiM-mAMsa ke lobhavaza mRta manuSya ke zava ko kataranI dvArA aneka prakAra se kATate haiM aura phira mAMsakhaNDoM ko sIse aura sone-cA~dI Adi rasAyana ke khaulate hue rasa meM pakAte haiN| parakI ko vyathita karate haiN| cIkhate-cillAte duSTa hatyAre nArakI una asuroM se apanA duHkha kahate haiM, phira bhI ve asura, dIna bhAva se kilakilAte hue nArakI jIvoM ko lohe kI tIkhI kIloM se bhare krodhanaka aura kUTazAlmali ke per3oM para laTakA dete haiM aura aisI duHkhAta sthiti meM nArakI jaba vilApa karane lagate haiM, taba narakapAla unheM bAhara khIMca lAte haiM aura khisiyAte hue ve, unheM khAre pAnI se bharI, hare-bhare ramaNIya per3oM se suzobhita taTavAlI vaitaraNI nadI kA mithyA darzana karAte haiM aura kahate hai : 'ThaNDA pAnI piio|' yaha sunakara tuSTi kA anubhava 1. asuryA nAma te lokA andhena tamasA vRtaaH|| tAMste pretyAbhigacchanti ye ke cAtmahano janAH ||(mntr 3) 2. garuDapurANa meM bhI sAta pAtAloM (atala, vitala, nitala, gabhastimata, mahAkhya, sutala, aura agrya) aura unakI sAta bhUmiyoM (kRSNA, zuklA, aruNA, pItA, zarkarA, zailA aura kAMcanA) kA ullekha hai| dra. pUrvArddha, pAtAlanarakAdivarNana,prakaraNa 29 / 3. tulanA ke lie draSTavya garuDapurANokta yamalokavivaraNa, uttarArddha, pretakalpa, prakaraNa 23

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390 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA karate hue durbala gativAle pUrvajanma kI duSkRti ke bhoktA nArakI jIvoM ko ve narakapAla khAre pAnI se bharI vaitaraNI nadI meM pheMka dete haiN| puna: ve narakapAla nArakI jIvoM ko asipatrAsura dvArA nirmita nayanamanohara asipatravana dikhalAte haiN| dIpazikhA ke cAroM aura nAcate pataMgoM kI bhA~ti nArakI jIva asipatravana ke, tIkhI talavAra aura nukIle trizUla jaise patte ke cAroM ora cakkara kATate haiN| asipatravana meM praveza karate hI tatkSaNa nArakI jIvoM para duHkhadAyaka abhighAta hone lagatA hai| havA ke jhoMke se girate pattoM se unake zarIra kaTa jAte haiM, phalata: ve anAthatA kA anubhava karate hue cillA-cillAkara rone lagate haiN| isake atirikta, zyAma aura zabala nAma ke pratidharmI, 'eka pairavAle', bhayaMkarAkRti kaue aura bagule utpanna kara ve narakapAla nArakI ke zarIra kI khIMcatAna karAte haiN| 'svAmI ! bacAo' isa prakAra cillAte hue nArakI jIvoM ko ve narakapAla kalambubAlukA (naraka kI nadI kI garama bAlU) para loTane ko bAdhya karate haiM aura ha~sate hue ve (narakapAla) Aga utpanna kara, usakI jvAlA meM narakavAsiyoM ko jhulasAte haiM tathA parastrIlampaTa nArakiyoM se ve svanirmita agnimayI striyoM kA AliMgana karAte haiM (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 270) / Agamika mUlyoM ko Adara denevAle adhItI kathAkAra ne yathAprastuta naraka ke svarUpanirUpaNa meM AtaMkakArI naraka kI vibhISikA kA vyatirekI citra to upasthita kiyA hI hai, varNana kI zailI meM bhI. usakI bimbavidhAyinI pratibhA aura viSayAnurUpa sandarbha kI aucityapUrNa parikalpanA kA tato'dhika zlAghanIya udbhAvana huA hai| kathAkAra dvArA kathAprasaMga meM 'apratiSThAna' naraka kI carcA kI gaI hai| prasaMga se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki pUjA ke nimitta nyasta dhana kA apaharaNa karanevAlA aura nirantara raudradhyAna (hiMsA Adi krUra karma kA cintA) meM lIna rahanevAlA apratiSThAna naraka kA bhAgI hotA thaa| apane bAlavayasya surendradatta se caityapUjA ke nimitta prApta dhana ko rudradatta brAhmaNa ne jUA aura vezyAprasaMga meM naSTa kara diyA thA, isalie usakA mokSamArga avaruddha ho gayA aura vaha darzanamohanIya karma (tattvazraddhA kA pratibandhaka karma) se utpanna dIrghakAlIna duHkhAnubhUti aura raudradhyAna meM lIna rahane ke kAraNa apratiSThAna naraka kA bhAgI huA, jahA~ use avirAma duHkha kA anubhava karanA par3A (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 113) / isI prakAra, apratiSThAna naraka kI carcA meM eka aura kathAprasaMga hai| acala (baladeva kA rUpa) ne jaba suvarNakumbha sAdhu se apane mRta bhAI tripRSTha kI gati ke bAre meM pUchA, taba sAdhu ne batAyA ki tripRSTha ne Asrava (karmabandha) ke dvAra ko na roka pAne tathA atizaya raudra adhyavasAya meM Asakta rahane ke kAraNa aneka asAtAvedanIya karma (duHkha ke kAraNabhUta karma) arjita karake naraka kA AyuSya prApta kiyA hai, phalataH vaha 'apratiSThAna' nAmaka naraka meM utpanna huA hai, jahA~ vaha apAra azubha kaSTa bhoga rahA hai (ketumatIlambha : pR. 315) / ___ adholoka kI chaThI bhUmi para tamatamA naraka hai| kathAkAra ne tamatamA naraka kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| kathA hai ki mahAhiMsA, parigraha aura asayaMma meM lipta tathA kAmabhoga ke prati AgrahazIla rAjA azvagrIva apane amAtya harizmazru ke nAstikavAdI mata se pApa saMcita karake

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 391 tamatamA nAma kI, naraka kI chaThI bhUmi para taiMtIsa sAgaropama kAla (dasa koTAkoTi palyopama) taka duHkha bhogatA rahA aura tiryak, nArakIya aura kumanuSya-bhava meM cakkara kATatA rahA (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 278) / naraka kI pahalI bhUmi ratnaprabhA kA ullekha karate hue kathAkAra ne jisa kathAprasaMga kI avatAraNA kI hai, usameM kahA gayA hai ki kaMcanapura ke do vaNik ratna arjita karane ke lie eka sAtha laMkAdvIpa gye| ratna kamA karake ve donoM pracchanna bhAva se sandhyA meM kaMcanapura lauTe / kuvelA meM ratna kI kahIM corI na ho jAya, yaha socakara donoM ne arjita ratna ko kaTareMganI ke jhAr3a ke nIce gAr3a diyA aura rAta meM donoM apane-apane ghara cale gye| kintu, subaha hone para unameM eka vaNik kaTareMganI ke jhAr3a ke nIce gar3e hue ratna ko nikAla le gyaa| usake bAda yathAnizcita samaya para donoM sAtha vahA~ Aye aura ratna ko na dekhakara eka dUsare para zaMkA karane lge| phira, kramaza: donoM meM bAtAbAtI, lattamajuttI, noMca-khasoTa aura patharAva zurU ho gyaa| isa prakAra, raudradhyAna kI sthiti meM donoM marakara ratnaprabhA nAmaka pahalI narakabhUmi meM utpanna hue (pratimukha, pR. 112) / / isI prakAra, naraka kI dUsarI bhUmi zarkarAprabhA evaM anya narakabhUmiyoM ke sandarbha meM kathAkAra ne eka kathAprasaMga meM batAyA hai ki nAstikavAdI harizmazru mAyA kI bahulatA ke kAraNa tiryak (pazu) yoni kI Ayu prApta karake asAtAvedanIya (duHkha ke kAraNabhUta karma) kI zRMkhalA meM ba~dhakara matsyayoni meM udvartita huaa| usa yoni meM vaha jIva (paMcendriya)-vadha karake mAMsAhAra meM Asakta rahakara eka karor3a pUrva taka jIvita rahA aura nArakI Ayu arjita kara chaThIM pRthvI (tamatamA) para utpanna huaa| vahA~ bhI pudgalapariNAmajanita paraspara utpIDana-nimittaka duHkha ko bAIsa sAgaropama kAla taka bhogakara sarpayoni meM udvartita huaa| vahA~ bhI usa bhava se sambaddha roSa se kaluSitacitta hokara marA aura pA~cavIM pRthvI (dhUmaprabhA) para satraha sAgaropama kI avadhi taka nArakIya yoni meM rhaa| vahA~ se phira tiryak yoni kI Ayu prApta kara bAgha bana gyaa| vahA~ bhI vaha prANivadha se malinahRdaya hokara marA aura cauthI pRthvI (paMkaprabhA) para utpanna huaa| vahA~ vaha nArakI ke rUpa meM dasa sAgaropama kAla taka kaSTa bhogakara marA aura kaMkapakSI (bagulA) ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| vahA~ bhI jIvavadha meM udyata rahane se dAruNa citta lekara marA aura tIsarI pRthvI (bAlukAprabhA) para utpanna huaa| vahA~ vaha sAta sAgaropama kAla taka asahya tApa kI vedanA aura parama adhArmika devoM ke utpIDana kA anubhava karake 'sA~pa ho gyaa| vahA~ bhI duHkha aura mRtyu kA kaSTa bhogakara puna: zarkarAprabhA nAma kI dUsarI pRthvI para utpanna huaa| vahA~ tIna sAgaropama kAla taka duHkhAgni meM jalatA rahA, phira saMjJI (paMcendriya) jIva meM udvartita huaa| usake bAda vaha naraka kI pahalI ratnaprabhA bhUmi para nArakI ke rUpa meM utpanna huA (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 277-278) / isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne yahA~ saMkSipta rUpa meM chaha narakabhUmiyoM aura unake duHkhabhoga kI avadhi tathA svarUpa kA varNana upanyasta kara diyA hai / isI prakAra, anyatra bhI pA~cavIM pRthvI (dhUmaprabhA) kA varNana AyA hai| eka zAkhA se dUsarI zAkhA para krIDApUrvaka uchalate-kUdate vAnarayUtha ke adhipati ne jaba kukkuTa sarpa (pUrvabhava kA zrIbhUti purohita) ko pakar3akara mAra DAlA thA, taba vaha pA~cavIM pRthvI meM satraha sAgaropama kAla taka ke lie nArakI ho gayA thA aura vahA~ usane sukhadurlabha parama azubha niSpatikArya vedanA kA anubhava kiyA thA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 257) /

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392 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kathAkAra ne naraka kI sAtavIM pRthvI (mahAtamA) kA bhI varNana kiyA hai / caudahaveM madanavegAlambha (pR. 240) kI kathA hai ki subhauma ne jaba cakravartI-ratnoM kA parityAga kara diyA, taba devaloka-nivAsI citrasena ne pUrvabhava ke rAjavaira kA smaraNa karake use samudra meM DubAkara mAra DAlA / cU~ki subhauma ne kAmabhoga kA tyAga nahIM kiyA thA, isalie vaha marakara sAtavIM narakabhUmi meM calA gyaa| isI prakAra, nArakI ajagara (pUrvabhava kA zrIbhUti purohita) pA~cavIM pRthvI se udvartita hokara, cakrapuranagara meM dAruNa nAmaka zaukarika (kasAI) kI kaSTA nAma kI patnI se atikaSTa nAmaka bAlaka ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| nirantara jIvahatyA ke kAraNa atikaSTa ne bahuta pApa arjita kiyA aura jaMgalI Aga kI lapaToM meM jhulasa jAne se usakI mRtyu huii| marakara vaha sAtavIM pRthvI (mahAtamA naraka) meM taiMtIsa sAgaropama kAlAvadhi taka ke lie nArakI ho gayA, jahA~ vaha atizaya zItavedanA se abhibhUta rahane kI vivazatA jhelate hue bahuta du:kha ke sAtha samaya bitAne lagA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 261) / isa kathA se spaSTa hai ki mahAtamA naraka meM ghora andhakAra to rahatA hI hai, atizaya ThaNDa ke kAraNa bhI nArakiyoM ko bhayAnaka kaSTa bhoganA par3atA hai| kathAkAra ne sarpAvarta kA atizaya kaSTakAraka narakAvAsa ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai| pIThikA-prakaraNa (pR. 89) meM eka kathA hai ki hastinApura meM puNyabhadra aura maNibhadra nAma ke do bhAI the| donoM mahendra sAdhu kI vandanA ke lie prasthita hue| rAste meM unheM, kandhe se paMchI kA piMjarA laTakAye eka caNDAla dikhAI par3A, jisake pIche-pIche piMgalA nAma kI eka kutiyA cala rahI thii| donoM bhAiyoM ko caNDAla aura kutiyA para akAraNa sneha umar3a aayaa| taba unhoMne isake bAre meM sAdhu se prazna kiyaa| sAdhu ne unheM batAyA ki pUrvabhava meM caNDAla aura kutiyA una donoM bhAiyoM ke mAtA-pitA the, jo bahuta pApa arjita karake marane para sarpAvata nAmaka naraka meM pA~ca palyopama kAla taka duHkha anubhava karate rahe aura vahA~ se phira dUsarI gati meM janma lekara hastinApura Aye the| isa prakAra, kathAkAra dvArA varNita vibhinna narakoM kI sthiti se yaha spaSTa hai ki hiMsAgrasta pApiyoM ko naraka-nivAsa kA ananta kaSTa bhoganA par3atA hai| narakapAla unheM duHkha meM DAlakara unake sAtha anavarata krUra krIDA karate haiM aura unheM nirantara duHkha bhogane ko vivaza karate rahate haiN| isIlie, kathAkAra ne jagaha-jagaha muniyoM se yaha upadeza dilavAyA hai ki paraloka meM sadgati prApta karane ke nimitta manuSya ke lie zubhakarma kA AcaraNa anivArya hai / kathAkAra dvArA narakabhoga ke kAraNoM meM karma ko tato'dhika pradhAnatA diye jAne kA Azaya yahI hai ki manuSya ko jJAta yA ajJAta avasthA meM kiye gaye apane azubha karma kA azubha pariNAma yA narakabhoga bhoganA hI par3atA hai| 'garuDapurANa' meM bhI narakabhoga ke pariNAma se bacane ke lie sAmAnya tathA vizeSa naitika aura dhArmika niyamoM ke pAlana karane ke rUpa meM satkarma yA sadAcAra aura phira satsaMga para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| 'mArkaNDeyapurANa' meM bhI mRta prANiyoM ke AvAgamana kI jo kathAe~ dI gaI haiM, unameM narakoM kA varNana bar3e vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna tiryak-yoniyoM yA vanaspati-jIvoM meM paribhramaNa bhI eka prakAra kA narakAvAsa hI mAnA gayA hai| 'garuDapurANa' meM narakoM kI saMkhyA caurAsI lAkha batAI gaI hai| anya purANoM meM bhI yoniyoM kI saMkhyA caurAsI lAkha kahI gaI hai| isI se yaha anumAna hotA hai ki 'garuDapurANa' ne caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM jIvana ke bhramaNa karane kA hI varNana caurAsI lAkha narakoM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 393 svarga : bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana meM naraka ke sAtha hI svarga kI kalpanA bhI anusyUta hai / naraka aura svarga meM vizvAsa sampUrNa bhAratIya janajIvana kA anyatradurlabha vaiziSTya hai / isa sandarbha meM 'viSNupurANa' kI yaha ukti bhUyaza: AvRta hotI rahatI hai : : gAyanti devAH kila gItikAni dhanyAstu te bhAratabhUmibhAge / svargApavargAspadamArgabhUte bhavanti bhUyaH puruSaH suratvAt // ( aMza 2 adhyAya 3, zloka 24) arthAt, yaha karmabhUmi bhAratavarSa atyanta dhanya hai, jisakI mahimA devatA bhI gAte haiM; kyoMki yahA~ svarga aura mokSa jaisI sarvocca gatiyoM ko satkarma karake kI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura manuSya, devaloka meM rahane ke bAda bhI puna: isa dharatI para Ate haiM tathA apane pauruSa se devatva ke adhikArI banate haiM / isa prasaMga se yaha spaSTa hai ki puruSArtha-catuSTaya kI siddhi meM kuzala manuSya ke lie svarga bhI svAyatta ho jAtA hai 1 brAhmaNa-paramparA kI bhA~ti zramaNa- paramparA meM bhI svarga kI bhUrizaH carcA huI hai / 'sthAnAMga ' Adi jainAgamoM meM UrdhvaloMka, yAnI svargaloka kA bar3I sUkSmatA se usake bhedopabhedoM ke sAtha, varNana milatA hai / karaNAnuyoga ke prasiddha prAcInatama grantha 'tiloyaNNatti' meM to trailokya-sambandhI samasta viSayoM kA paripUrNa aura suvyavasthita varNana kiyA gayA hai| saMghadAsagaNI kA svarga-varNana bhI inhIM Agama-granthoM para AdhRta hai / jainAgama' ke anusAra, Urdhvaloka meM pahale jyotirloka AtA hai, jisameM sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra, tAre Adi kI sthiti batAI gaI hai / inake Upara saudharma, IzAna, sanatkumAra, mAhendra, brahma, brahmottara, lAntaka, kApiSTha, zukra, mahAzukra, zatAra, sahasrAra, Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta solaha svarga haiM / inheM kalpa bhI kahate haiN| kyoMki, inameM rahanevAle deva indra, sAmAnika, trAyastriMza, pAriSada, AtmarakSa, lokapAla, anIka, prakIrNaka, Abhiyogya aura kilviSika ina dasa uttarottara hIna pada-rUpa kalpoM yA bhedoM meM vibhakta haiN| jJAtavya hai ki jainAgamoM ko 'svarga' kI apekSA 'kalpa' yA 'devaloka' kA prayoga hI adhika abhIpsita rahA hai / ataeva, kathAkAra ne bhI svarga ke artha meM prAya: 'kalpa' zabda kA hI sArvatrika prayoga kiyA hai| ukta solaha svargoM ke Upara nau graiveyaka aura unake Upara vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddhi ye pA~ca kalpAtIta deva- vimAna haiM / sarvArthasiddhi ke Upara loka kA agratama bhAga yAnI nirvANabhUmi hai, jahA~ muktAtmAe~ jAkara rahatI haiN| ise hI gItA meM paramadhAma yA muktidhAma kahA gayA hai / paramadhAma kI paribhASA meM kahA gayA hai ki svayamprakAzita usa loka meM candra, sUrya, aura agni ke prakA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI aura vahA~ jAkara saMsAra meM puna: lauTanA nahIM hotA / 1. 'sthAnAMga' (4. 649-51) meM bAraha svargoM kA ullekha hai, jinameM adhastana cAra (saudharma, IzAna, sanatkumAra aura mAhendra), madhyama cAra (brahmaloka, lAntaka, mahAzukra aura sahasrAra) tathA uparitana cAra ( Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta) ye kula 12 svarga haiN| 2. dra. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR. 94 3. na tadbhAsayate sUryo na zazAMko na pAvakaH / yad gatvA na nivarttante taddhAma paramaM mama // - gItA : 15 . 6

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394 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI ne AgamavarNita ukta solaha svargoM meM ATha svargoM kA nAmata: ullekha kiyA hai| jaise: acyuta, AraNa, IzAna, prANata, brahmaloka, mahAzukra, lAntaka aura saudharma / ina svargoM ke atirikta lagabhaga paccIsa deva-vimAnoM kI carcA bhI kathAkAra ne kI hai aura svargottara lokoM meM graiMveyaka tathA kalpAtIta deva-vimAnoM meM sarvArthasiddha yA sarvArthasiddhi ko bhI apane kathAprasaMga meM sameTA hai| udAharaNArtha, ukta AThoM svargoM ke do-eka sandarbha yahA~ upanyasta kiye jA rahe haiN| ___acyuta svarga kI prApti paNDitamaraNa dvArA hotI thii| kathA hai ki dhammilla ne dharmaruci sAdhu ke caraNoM meM dIkSita hokara gyAraha aMgoM kA jJAna prApta kiyA aura aneka varSoM taka zrAmaNya-paryAya kA pAlana karate hue mAsikI saMlekhanA se apane ko nirmala banAyA, phira sATha dinoM ke upavAsa . dvArA paNDitamaraNa prApta kara vaha bArahaveM acyuta kalpa meM devendra kI taraha bAIsa sAgara taka kI avadhi ke lie devatva-pada para pratiSThita ho gayA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 76) / siMhaguhA nAma kI corapallI ke senApati aparAjita ke dasa putroM meM nau putra bahuta pApa arjita karane ke kAraNa sAtavIM pRthvI para nArakI ho gye| vahA~ se gatyantara prApta karake unhoMne jala, sthala aura AkAzacArI caturindriya, trIndriya aura dvIndriya tiryagyoniyoM meM janma grahaNa kiyA aura vahA~ ke duHkhoM ko bhogakara sAdhAraNa (aneka jIvoMvAle kanda Adi) aura bAdara (sthUla) vanaspatiyoM meM utpanna hue| vanaspati-yoniyoM meM bahuta dinoM taka vAsa karane ke bAda apane karmasaMcaya ko kSINa karake ve bhadrilapura ke rAjA megharatha ke zAsanakAla meM dhanamitra zreSThI ke putrarUpa meM utpanna hue aura apane pitA ke sAtha ina navoM putroM ne mandara sAdhu ke nikaTa zItalanAtha jinadeva kI janmabhUmi para pravrajyA le lii| anta meM, ve acyuta nAmaka svarga meM devatA ho gaye (zyAmA-vijayAlambha : pR. 114) / AraNa gyArahavA~ svarga hai / anantavIrya ke bhAI aparAjita ne yazodhara gaNadhara ke samIpa pravrajyA lekara bahuta dinoM taka tapa kiyA thA aura deha-viyoga hone para AraNa kalpa meM surendra ho gayA thA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 329) / IzAna dUsare svarga kA nAma hai, jisake madhyadeza meM, uttarapazcima dizA meM zrIprabha nAma kA deva-vimAna hai| vahA~ lalitAMgada nAma ke deva kA nivAsa thA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 166) / eka bAra vahA~ dRr3hadharma nAma kA deva lalitAMgada deva se milane AyA thA (tatraiva : pR. 171) / prANata dasaveM svarga kA nAma hai / rAjA amitateja aura zrIvijaya niSkramaNa karake abhinandana aura jaganandana sAdhu ke nikaTa prAyopagamana-vidhi se mRtyu kA varaNa kara prANata kalpa ke nandAvartta-svastika deva-vimAna meM divyacUDa aura maNicUDa nAma ke deva ho gaye (ketumatIlambha : pR. 324) / brahmaloka pA~caveM svarga kI saMjJA hai| isakI carcA kathAkAra ne bAra-bAra kI hai| jamba pahale brahmaloka kA deva thaa| vahA~ se cyuta hokara vaha apanI mAtA dhAriNI ke garbha meM AyA thA (kathotpatti: pR. 3) / vItazokA nagarI ke rAjA padmaratha kA patra zivakamAra samAdhi dvArA deha kA tyAga kara brahmaloka meM indratalya deva haA thA (tatraiva : pR. 25) / mahAbala kA pitAmaha rAjyazrI kA parityAga kara vratacArI ho gayA thA, jisase mRtyu ke bAda use brahmaloka kI prApti huI thI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 169) / isI prakAra, kathAkAra ne mahAzukra (sAtavA~ svarga), lAntaka (chaThA svarga) aura saudharma (pahalA svarga) kI bhI bar3I saghana-bhUyiSTha carcA upasthita kI hai / do-eka sandarbha draSTavya haiM : somazrI ne apane paricaya ke krama meM pratihArI se svarga ke svAnubhUta sukha kA adbhuta aura manorama varNana karate hue kahA hai ki vaha pichale janma meM saudharma kalpa (svarga) ke

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana, 395 koMkaNAvataMsaka vimAna meM kanakacittA nAma kI devI thii| vaha mahAzukra kalpa meM rahanevAle deva kI patnI thii| vaha deva, devarAja ke samAna thA aura svayamprabha vimAna kA adhipati thaa| kanakacittA ne mahAzukravAsI usa deva kA smaraNa kiyA aura usI ke prabhAva se kSaNabhara meM hI vaha mahAzukra svarga meM jA phuNcii| vahA~ saudharma kalpa se bhI anantagunA zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gandha--ina pA~coM viSayoM kA sukhAnubhava karatI huI, manohara gItoM, vacanoM aura tatkAla yogya bhUSaNa, zayana Adi se prIti bar3hAtI huI vaha unase vidA lekara koMkaNAvataMsaka lauTa AI ! isa prakAra apane pati deva se dulAra pAtI huI, usa devI ne aneka palyopama kAla eka dina ke samAna bitA diye (somazrIlambha : pR. 222) / eka dina dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke pUrvArddha meM sthita ayodhyA nagarI meM arhat muni suvrata ke janmotsava meM kucha deva padhAre / vaha devI bhI (vartamAna janma kI somazrI) apane pati ke sAtha vahA~ phuNcii| utsava kI samApti ke bAda, usI samaya, dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke pazcimArddha meM arhat dRDhadharma ke parinirvANotsava kI vidhi pUrI karake padhAre hue deva apane sthAna ko lauTa gye| vaha devI bhI apane pati aura mahAzukraloka ke adhipati ke nikaTavartI deva ke sAtha dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa se mahAzukra kalpa ke lie prasthita huii| rAste meM, brahmaloka meM riSTa vimAna ke madhyabhAga ke nikaTa devatAoM ke prastaTa (bhavana kA antarbhAga) ke bIca usa devI kA pati (deva) indradhanuSa ke raMga kI bhA~ti sahasA lupta ho gayA (tatraiva : pR. 222) / Age kI kathA se spaSTa hai ki usa devI kA pati cyuta hokara martyabhUmi para calA gayA thaa| svarga meM vicaraNa karanevAle ye donoM deva-devI martyabhUmi para vasudeva aura somazrI ke rUpa meM puna: pati-patnI bne| kathAkAra dvArA prastuta svarga kI varNana-saghanatA kI manohAritA kA eka aura sandarbha draSTavya hai / vajrAyudha sAdhu ekAnta jIrNodyAna meM ahorAtrikA pratimA (vrata) meM thA / vahA~ use atikaSTa (pUrvabhava kA kasAI-putra dAruNa) ne dekhA / dekhate hI pUrvabhava ke vairAnubandhavaza tIvra roSa se AviSTa ho atikaSTa ne myAna se talavAra nikAlI aura vadha karane ke abhiprAya se vajrAyudha ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diye / vajrAyudha cU~ki dRDha, uttama aura prazasta dhyAna meM lIna thA, usakA cAritra (niyamAcAra) akhaNDita thA aura usake samasta dharma-karma yathAvat the, isalie mRtyu ko prApta hokara usane sarvArthasiddha nAmaka kalpAtIta devaloka meM devatva-lAbha kiyaa| isI prakAra, dayA, satya aura Arjava bhAvanA se sampanna rAjA ratnAyudha ne, jisase vajrAyudha ne rAjA sumitra kI durgati kI kathA sunakara zrAvaka-dharma svIkAra kiyA thA, bahuta kAla taka zramaNopAsaka kI bhUmikA meM rahakara vrata kA pAlana kiyaa| usake bAda usane apane putra ko rAjyalakSmI sauMpa dI aura svayaM AhAra kA parityAga kara samAdhimaraNa dvArA zarIra ko visarjita kiyaa| tatpazcAt vaha acyuta kalpa meM, puSpaka vimAna meM bAIsa sAgaropama kAla taka ke lie deva ho gyaa| ratnAyudha kI mAtA devI ratnamAlA ne bhI vrata aura zIla-rUpI ratnoM kI mAlA ekatra karake mRtyu prApta kI aura vaha bhI acyuta kalpa meM hI, nalinIgulma vimAna meM, utkRSTa sthiti se sampanna deva ho gii| ratnAyudha aura ratnamAlA devatva ke sthitikSaya se cyuta hokara dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke pazcima videha (mahAvideha) ke pUrvabhAga meM zItA (sItA) mahAnadI ke dakSiNataTa-sthita nalinIvijaya kI azokAnagarI ke rAjA ariMjaya kI rAniyoM-suvratA aura jinadattA ke vItibhaya aura vibhISaNa nAma se baladeva aura

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396 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vAsudeva ke samAna do putra ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| donoM sukhapUrvaka bar3e hue aura nalinIvijayArddha kA svAmitva prApta kiyaa| vibhISaNa kAmabhoga kA parityAga nahIM kara sakA, phira bhI apane vizuddha samyaktva aura darzana-guNa se dUsarI pRthvI (zaka prabhA) meM eka sAgaropama kAlasthiti taka ke lie nArakI ho gyaa| vItibhaya apane bhAI ke viyoga se duHkhI hokara susthita sAdhu ke nikaTa pravrajita ho gayA aura saMyama tathA svAdhyAya meM tatpara rahakara vihAra karate hae usane prAyopagamana (anazana-vizeSa)vidhi se mRtyu prApta kI aura lAntaka kalpa ke AdityAbha vimAna meM vaha gyAraha sAgaropama se bhI adhika kAla ke lie deva ho gayA / nArakI vibhISaNa prazasta pariNAma kI bahulatA ke kAraNa udvartita hokara isI jambUdvIpa meM airavatavarSa kI ayodhyAnagarI meM rAjA zrIdharma kI rAnI susImA ke putra zrIdAma ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| krama se jaba vaha yuvA huA, taba vihAra-yAtrA ke nimitta niklaa| pUrvasnehAnurAgavaza AdityAbha-vimAnavAsI deva ne use pratibodhita kiyaa| phalata:, vaha anantajit arhat ke nikaTa pravrajita ho gayA aura zrAmaNya kA pAlana karate hue kAladharma (mRtyu) ko prApta huaa| usake bAda brahmaloka kalpa ke candrAbha vimAna meM deva ho gayA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 261) / uparyukta vivaraNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki eka-eka svarga meM aneka deva-vimAna hote the aura yathokta solaha svargoM ke Upara bhI kalpAtIta deva-vimAna the| saMghadAsagaNI ne kalpAtIta deva-vimAnoM meM 'graiveyaka' aura 'sarvArthasiddha' kA varNana kiyA hai| kathA hai ki sahasrAyudha aura vajrAyudha, ye donoM pitA-putra prAyopagamana-vidhi se samAdhipUrvaka deha kA tyAga kara Urdhva graiveyaka devaloka meM ahamindra nAmaka deva ho gaye the| sarvArthasiddha devaloka kA Upara ullekha ho cukA hai| yoM, kathAkAra ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sarvAthasiddhi anuttara vimAna kI bhUriza: carcA kI hai| prazasta dhyAna meM lIna rahate samaya mRtyu hone para mRtaka kA sarvArthasiddhi-gamana hotA hai (kathotpatti : pR. 17) / tIrthaMkara nAma-gotra kA saMgraha karanevAle sarvArthasiddhi vimAna ke adhikArI hote haiN| RSabhasvAmI sarvArthasiddhi vimAna se hI cyuta hokara marudevI kI kukSi meM Aye the| kunthunAtha, aranAtha, zAntinAtha Adi tIrthaMkara bhI sarvArthasiddhi deva-vimAna se hI cyuta hokara hastinApura meM utpanna hue the| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita kalpoM yA devalokoM ke deva-vimAna isa prakAra haiM : AdityAbha (lAntaka aura brahmaloka kalpa kA vimAna; bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 261); koMkaNAvataMsaka (saudharma kA vimAna; somazrIlambha : pR. 222-223); candrAbha (brahmaloka; bAlacandrA. pR. 261-262); dhUmaketu (kalpa kA ullekha nahIM; pIThikA : pR. 91), nandAvarta (prANatakalpa; ketumatI. pR. 324), nalinIgulma (acyutakalpa; bAlacandrA. pR. 261); pAlaka (nIlayazA. pR. 160), prItikara (auveyaka kalpAtIta kA vimAna; bAlacandrA. pR. 257-258); puSpaka (acyutakalpa; tatraiva : pR. 261); brahmAvataMsaka, riSTa, riSTAbha, rucaka (brahmaloka; priyaMgusundarI. pR. 287, somazrI, 223, priyaMgusundarI. pR. 287, bAlacandrA. 258); vaiDUrya, svayamprabha (mahAzukra; somazrI. pR. 222, bAlacandrA. pR. 257); sarvArthasiddha (kalpAtIta vimAna; nIlayazA. pR. 159, bAlacandrA. pR. 261 Adi); sAgarabhinna (nAgabhavana, priyaMgu, pR. 300); zrItilaka (mahAzukra, bAlacandrA. pR. 227); zrIprabha (IzAna; nIlayazA. pR. 116, 171); zukraprabha (lAntaka, tatraiva : pR. 258 Ti); sUryAbha (brahmaloka; priyaMgu, pR. 287); suprabha (lAntaka vimAna; bAlacandrA. pR. 258); svastika (prANata vimAna; ketumatI. pR. 324) aura saudharmAvataMsaka (saudharma vimAna; priyaMgu. pR. 286) / inameM katipaya deva-vimAnoM kA Upara svarga ke vivaraNa meM yathAsandarbha ullekha kiyA gayA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 397 AgamAnusAra siddhatva prApta karane para siddhapuruSa siddhazilA para pratiSThita hote the| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI katipaya siddhazilAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaise : atipANDukambalazilA (nIlayazA. pR. 161, ketumatI. pR. 340); koTizilA (ketumatI. pR. 309, 313, 348), nandighoSA zilA (madanavegA. pR. 240); sarvArthasiddhi zilA (kathotpatti : pR. 280): sumanA zilA (pIThikA : pR. 85, 88) aadi| saMghadAsagaNI kI yathAvivRta devalokoM aura devavimAnoM kI parikalpanA Agamokta dizA ke anusAra hai| aura, isa zAstrIya tattva ko unhoMne apane kathAtattva meM apratima zilpa-kauzala ke sAtha gumphita kiyA hai, jisase kathArasa kA pravAha tanika bhI Ahata nahIM huA hai| kahanA na hogA ki Agamika tattvoM ko sarasatA ke sAtha kathAbaddha karane meM saMghadAsagaNI apanA ananya sthAna rakhate haiN| kathAkAra ne svargIya pAtroM ke caritra-citraNa ke krama meM apanI parA-manovaijJAnikatA kA bhI pradarzana kiyA hai| sAmAnyata:, svargaloka se cyuta hokara manuSyaloka meM Aye hue jIvoM ko paraloka kI bAtoM kA jJAna nahIM rahatA, kintu vasudevahiNDIkAra ne somazrI jaisI manuSya-bhava kI pAtriyoM yA daNDaka mahiSa jaise pazupAtroM ko paraloka yA parabhava kI bAtoM kI jAnakArI rahane kA ullekha karake parA-manovijJAna yA jainAgama ke avadhijJAna kI cAmatkArika viziSTa sthiti ko nidarzita kiyA hai, jisase unakI prAcIna rUDha kathAoM kI mithakIya cetanA se saMvalita lokAzrita alaukika gumphana-zailI kI sarvaviziSTa maulikatA kA AbhAsa milatA hai| kathAkAra dvArA prastuta eka kathAprasaMga (somazrIlambha, pR. 184) se yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha svarga se dharatI kI uccatA pratipAdita karane ke AgrahI bhI haiN| bharata ne indra se jaba yaha kahA ki 'hama saba to tIrthaMkara ke samIpa rahanevAle haiM, isalie vandana aura saMzaya-nirAkaraNa ke nimitta svatantra haiM; kintu Apa devoM ko to isake lie svarga se manuSyaloka meM AnA pdd'egaa|' taba, indra ne bharata kI ukti ko svIkAra karate hue kahA ki 'jisa saMzaya kA nirAkaraNa svarga meM sambhava nahIM, usake lie to manuSyaloka meM AnA hI par3egA / jahA~taka vandanA, pUjA aura paryupAsanA kA prazna hai, vaha to svarga meM bhI, siddhAyatana meM pratiSThita tIrthaMkara kI pratimA aura citra ke dvArA sambhava hai|' isa kathA-sandarbha ke dvArA kathAkAra ne tIrthaMkara kI tato'dhika mahattA kA pratiSThApana kiyA hai| isase yaha saMketita hai ki indra jaise devoM ko bhI saMzaya utpanna hone para usake nivAraNa ke lie tIrthaMkara ke caraNoM meM upasthita honA par3atA thaa| isa prakAra, prakArAntara se, kathAkAra ne jJAna-vijJAna kI dRSTi se samRddha bhAratabhUmi kI svargabhUmi se utkRSTatA siddha kI hai| vastutaH, vaidika parikalpanA ke anusAra svarga aura pRthvI meM anyonyAzrayatA hai / dhuloka aura bhUloka-ye vizva ke mAtA-pitA kahe gaye haiN| pratyeka prANI yA kendra ke lie dyAvA-pRthivI-rUpa mAtA-pitA kI AvazyakatA hai| dyAvA-pRthivI kI saMjJA rodasI hai / rodasI vaha loka hai, jisameM koI bhI naI sRSTi mAtA-pitA ke vinA nahIM hotii| vRkSa-vanaspati se manuSyoM taka jitanI yoniyA~ hai, sabameM mAtA-pitA kA dvandva anivArya hai| eka-eka puSpa meM mAtA-pitA, yoSA-vRSA yA puruSa-strI ke isa dvandva kI sattA hai| ise hI mitrAvaruNa kA jor3A kahate haiN| paraspara AkarSaNa yA maitrIbhAva isa jor3e kI

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398 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vizeSatA hai| jo mitra kA maNDala hai, vaha uSNa yA Agneya hai| jo varuNa kA maNDala hai, vaha zIta yA jalIya hai / agni aura soma, uSNa aura zIta, mitra aura varuNa, dyuloka aura pRthivI, isa dvandva ke vinA prANa yA jIvana kA janma sambhava nahIM / ' 'vasudevahiNDI' meM upalabdha deva, manuSya aura vidyAdharoM kA anyonyAzrita varNana, pUrva yugoM meM isI pRthvI para 'trilokI' ke pratiSThita rahane kI bhAratIya kalpanA ko puSTa karatA hai / deva aura deviyA~ : sampUrNa bhAratIya jIvana vaidika yA Agamika vijJAna se anuprANita hai aura vaidika vijJAna devatA - tattva para Azrita hai / isIlie, sAmAnya bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana meM deva - deviyoM ke prati vizvAsa kI bhAvanA baddhamUla hai| lokajIvana kA samagra karmakANDa daivI sattA ke prati AsthA ke sAtha hI paricAlita hotA hai| daivI sattA ko niruktakAra zrIyAskAcArya bhI svIkAra karate haiM / deva-tattva para vicAra karate hue unhoMne siddhAntavAkya ke rUpa meM likhA hai : 'api vA ubhayavidhA: syuH / ' arthAt, zarIradhArI aura azarIrI tattvarUpa donoM prakAra ke deva haiN| isalie, devoM ke aneka bhedopabheda milate haiM / brAhmaNa-paramparA taiMtIsa karor3a devoM kI saMkhyA meM vizvAsa karatI hai / karmakANDa ke bahuta-se aMzoM kA sambandha yadyapi kAraNarUpa azarIrI devoM se hai, tathApi upAsanAkANDa zarIradhArI cetana devoM se vizeSa sambandha rakhatA hai| vaidika dRSTi se sUkSma jagat ke mukhya tattva RSi, pitR, deva, asura aura gandharva haiM / amarakozakAra ke anusAra to vidyAdhara, apsarA, yakSa, rAkSasa, gandharva, kinnara, pizAca, guhyaka, siddha aura bhUta ye sabhI devayoni haiN| 'manusmRti' ke anusAra jagat ke mUla tattva ke rUpa meM RSi, pitR, deva Adi hI pratiSThAprApta haiN| kahA gayA hai ki RSiyoM se pitara utpanna hue, pitaroM se devatA aura asura tathA deva aura asuroM se sthAvara-jaMgamAtmaka sampUrNa jagat utpanna huA hai| deva hI jagata ke prANa haiM / devoM kI prANarUpatA 'zatapathabrAhmaNa' ke, caudahaveM kANDa ke janaka ke yajJaprakaraNa meM ullikhita yAjJavalkya aura zAkalya ke zAstrArtha se spaSTa ho jAtI hai / 'bRhadAraNyakopaniSad' meM bhI zAkalya ne jaba prazna kiyA ki devatA kitane haiM, taba yAjJavalkya ne uttara dete hue eka, Der3ha, tIna, chaha, taiMtIsa, taiMtIsa hajAra, taiMtIsa lAkha Adi devoM kI saMkhyA batalAI, aura usakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue unhoMne devoM ko prANasvarUpa kahA / " isa prakAra, vaidika vAGmaya aura smRti-purANoM ne bhI deva ko prANarUpa svIkAra kiyA hai / niruktakAra ne prANa-rUpa devatA ko mukhyata: tIna koTiyoM meM rakhA hai : pRthvI kA devatA agni, antarikSa kA devatA vAyu aura svarga yA dyuloka kA devatA 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'vaidika vijJAna aura bhAratIya saMskRti' (dvi.saM.), bhUmikA, pR. 16-17 2. vidyAdharApsaroyakSarakSogandharvakinnarAH 1 pizAco guhyakaH siddho bhUto'mI devayonayaH // - prathamakANDa, s 3. RSibhyaH pitaro jAtAH pitRbhyo devadAnavAH / devebhyazca jagatsarvaM carasthANvanupUrvazaH // - manusmRti : 3. 201 ('devadAnavAH' ke sthAna para 'devamAnavA:' pAThAntara kI bhI prakalpanA huI hai / ) 4. devoM kI prANarUpatA ke sambandha meM aneka mahArSa vivaraNoM ke lie dra. 'vaidika vijJAna aura bhAratIya saMskRti' (vahI), pR. 131 5. . bRhadAraNyakopaniSad adhyAya 5, brAhmaNa 9, kaNDikA 1 svarga-varga

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 399 Aditya / sUryamaNDala ke adhiSThAtA devatA kA indra zabda se bahudhA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| anya samasta devatA inake hI avAntara bheda haiN| ina devatAoM kI stuti vedamantroM meM bhUyiSTha bhAva se prApta hotI hai| zramaNa-paramparA meM bhI indra kI kalpanA devoM ke adhipati ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| jainAgama ke zIrSagrantha 'sthAnAMga' meM indra kA vizada vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| tRtIya sthAna ke prathama uddeza meM nau indroM ke nAma ullikhita haiM: nAmendra, sthApanendra, dravyendra, jJAnendra, darzanendra, caritrendra, devendra, asurendra aura manuSyendra / puna: dvitIya sthAna (sUtra-saM. 353-384) meM cauMsaTha indroM kI nAmAvalI dI gayI hai| Agamavid kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI dvArA kathA ke vibhinna prasaMgoM meM varNita indra isI jainAgama se gRhIta hue haiM / kathAkAra dvArA ullikhita indroM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM: acyutendra (bArahaveM devaloka kA adhipati; nIlayazA. pR. 161, ketumatI. pR. 329); IzAnendra (dvitIya kalpa kA adhipati; ketumatI. pR. 329, 331, 338, 339); ahamindra (ketumatI. pR. 234); camarendra (asurendra; bandhumatI. pR. 275, ketumatI. pR. 324); dharaNendra (nAgoM kA indra; priyaMgu, pR. 163, 192, 252, 264 Adi); brahmendra (paMcama kalpa kA adhipati; kathotpatti : pR. 20, 25; priyaMgu, pR. 287); lAntakendra (SaSTha kalpa kA adhipati; nIlayazA. pR. 175) aura saudharmendra (saudharma loka kA adhipati; priyaMgu. pR. 286) / inake atirikta sAmAnya indra kA bhI ullekha huA hai / pratyeka devaloka aura deva-vimAna ke lie bhI alaga-alaga indra haiN| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki zramaNa-paramparA meM bhI indra ke sahasranayana hone kI parikalpanA mAnya thii| acyutendra Adi sabhI indra, kevalajJAniyoM, siddhoM, tIrthaMkaroM Adi ke janma, rAjyAbhiSeka, jJAnotpatti-mahimA Adi utsavoM ke kAryoM meM adhika abhiruci lete the| RSabhasvAmI ke janmotsava ke samaya pahale jyotirmaya pAlaka vimAna ke adhipati devarAja indra tIrthaMkara kI bhUmi meM padhAre the| kathA hai ki unake Agamana ke samaya sArA AkAza udbhAsita ho gyaa| unhoMne jinamAtA marudevI kI zrutimanohara vANI se stuti kii| vaha avasvApinI Adi vidyAoM aura vikurvaNa kI zakti se sampanna the| vaha navajAta tIrthaMkara ko apane pa~caraMge karakamaloM ke bIca acchI taraha rakhakara kSaNabhara meM hI atipANDukambalazilA para le gaye aura vahA~ unheM zAzvata siMhAsana para baitthaayaa| tadanantara bArahaveM devaloka ke svAmI acyutendra ne jinendra ko kSIrodasAgara ke jala se paripUrNa sATha hajAra svarNakalazoM se snAna kraayaa| usake bAda krama se sauSadhimizrita jala tathA tIrthoM ke jala se bhI abhiSeka kraayaa| phira tIrthaMkara ko vastra evaM AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyaa| punaH unhoMne svastika likhe aura sugandhita dhUpa jlaayaa| usake bAda stuti karake paryupAsanA meM laga gye| acyutendra se hI prerita hokara dasaveM prANata devaloka ke indra evaM anyAnya indroM ne bhI vahA~ Akara tIrthakara kI vandanA kI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 161) / RSabhasvAmI ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya bhI lokapAla-sahita indra Aye the / indra ne hI yakSarAja kubera ko Adeza dekara RSabhasvAmI kI vinIta prajAoM ke lie vinItA (ayodhyA) nagarI kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| RSabha tIrthaMkara ke janmotsava kI samApti ke bAda indra jaba vApasa jAne lage the, taba unhoMne tIrthaMkara ke sirahAne meM eka jor3A rezamI vastra aura kuNDala rakha diyA thA tathA sarvavighna-zamanakArI

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA zrIsampanna amlAna phUla kI mAlAe~, bhavana kI chata se laTakA dI thiiN| bhaviSya meM bhI tIrthaMkara kI rakSA ke nimitta apanI sevA arpita karane kI ghoSaNA indra ne kI thI / indra ke hI nirdezAnusAra palyopama-sthita deva, bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA pAlana-poSaNa karate the / bhagavAn tIrthaMkara, indra ke dvArA pradatta, kurudeza meM utpanna phala kA rasa AhAra meM lete the (tatraiva : pR. 161-162) / 400 saMsAra ke parityAga ke lie, jo jIva jisa indra se pratibodhita hotA thA, vaha, dehatyAga ke bAda usI indra ke kalpa meM devatva prApta karatA thA / acyutendra dvArA pratibodhita rAjA meghanAda dehabheda ke samaya acyuta kalpa meM hI devatva - pada para pratiSThita huA thA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 329) / IzAnendra ko zreSTha tapasviyoM ke guNa-kIrttana meM tatpara deva ke rUpa meM kathAkAra dvArA citrita kiyA gayA hai| tapasvI megharatha ke bAre meM IzAnendra ne bIca sabhA meM usakA guNa-kIrttana karate hue ghoSaNA kI thI ki indrasahita devoM meM koI bhI megharatha ko dharma se vicalita nahIM kara sakatA (tatraiva : pR. 338 ) / kathAkAra ne paMcama kalpa ke adhipati brahmendra kI anekazaH carcA kI hai| brahmendra - loka se cyuta hokara manuSya-loka meM Ane aura manuSya-lokavAsI ke tapa dvArA brahmendra ho jAne kI paramparA bhI thI / brahmendra indrakalpa se cyuta hokara dakSiNArddha bharata ke sAketanagara meM rAjA garuDavAhana harivAhana nAmaka putra ke rUpa meM utpanna hue the (priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 287) / isI prakAra, tapobala se sampanna rAjaputra zivakumAra brahmaloka kA indra ho gayA thA aura usakI aMgajyoti brahmendra ke samAna hI ho gaI thI (kathotpatti : pR. 25) / lAntaka - kalpavAsI lAntakendra bhI manuSyoM ke rakSaka aura pratibodhaka ke rUpa meM kathAkAra dvArA citrita kiye gaye haiM (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 175) / manuSya-bhava ke tapasvI puruSa hI kAladharma (mRtyu) ko prApta karane ke bAda saudharmendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hote the / ahamindra bhI indra kA hI bheda thaa| uttama zreNI ke yA graiveyaka aura anuttara vimAna ke nivAsI pUrNa svAdhIna devajAti- vizeSa kI saMjJA ahamindra thI / 'cakravartI rAjA bhI apane ko ahamindra (aham + indraH) mAnate the / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI indra se cakravartI kI uccatA siddha kI gaI hai| indra ke prazna ke uttara meM RSabhasvAmI ne kahA thA: rAjA ke cakravartI-pada ke bhogakAla meM indra kA adhikAra nahIM calatA hai, phira cakravarttI- pada se rahita avadhi meM indra kA hI prabhAva rahatA hai : (" bhayavayA bhaNiyaM - cakkavaTTibhoyakAle na pabhavati iMdo, cakkavaTTivirahe puNa pabhavai tti", nIlayazAlambha: pR. 183) / cakravartI rAjAoM ke atirikta bhI pariSaha - sahana tathA samAdhimaraNa dvArA indratva prApta karanevAle anya aneka rAjAoM kA ramya rucira varNana kathAkAra ne kiyA hai / bahudevavAdI kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI mahatkathA meM indra ke atirikta unake adhInastha aneka deva-deviyoM kA citraNa kiyA hai, jinakA vivecana apane ApameM eka mahAprabandha kA viSaya hai / yahA~ mAnava-saMskRti se anubaddha katipaya AnuSaMgika deva deviyoM ke viSaya meM digdarzana karAnA apekSita hai / jainAgama ('sthAnAMga', 'prajJApanA' Adi) ke anusAra, deva cAra prakAra ke hote hai: vaimAnika, jyotiSka, bhavanapati aura vyantara / RSabhasvAmI ke janmotsava ke avasara para ukta cAroM prakAra ke deva Aye the ('cauvvihadevavaMdakayasaNNejyaM bhayavaMtaM; nIlayazAlambha: pR. 161) / zAntisvAmI ko jisa samaya kevalajJAna utpanna huA thA, usa samaya bhI unake dharmacakra meM sammilita hone ke nimitta

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 401 cAroM prakAra ke deva Aye the aura inhoMne zAntisvAmI ke dharma-pravacana ke lie utkRSTa vAstuzAstrIya paddhati se prazasta dharmasabhA kI racanA kI thii| ye deva devarAja zakra kI antaraMga pariSad ke sadasya the| deva-vimAnoM meM rahanevAle deva vaimAnika kahalAte the| sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra aura tAre ye pA~ca jyotiSka devoM meM parigaNita the| bhavanapati devoM meM asurakumAra, nAgakumAra, vidyutkumAra, agnikumAra, dvIpakumAra, udadhikumAra, dizAkumAra, vAyukumAra, stanitakumAra Adi ullekhanIya the tathA vyantara devoM meM pizAca, bhUta, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnara, kimpuruSa, mahoraga, gandharva, anapanna, praNapanna, RSivAdI, bhUtavAdI, skandaka, mahAskandaka, kUSmANDaka, pataMga Adi kI gaNanA hotI thii| ___ ina sabhI devoM ke bhI lokAntika, Abhiyogika, jRmbhaka, kilviSaka Adi aneka bhedopabheda the| ina devoM kI paliyA~ aura kanyAe~ deviyoM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita thiiN| ina devoM ke apane-apane adhipati indra hote the, senA aura senApatiyoM kA bhI prAvadhAna thaa| indra kI sabhA meM gAyakoM aura nartakiyoM kA jamaghaTa rahatA thaa| indra ke Adeza se yA svayaM bhI deva kabhI-kabhI mAnavoM kI taponiSThA kI parIkSA lete the| sAdhuoM kI pravrajyA, kevalajJAna-mahotsava Adi ke samaya devoM kA Asana vicalita ho uThatA thaa| prasanna hone para, ye deva manuSyabhUmi para ratnoM aura phUloM tathA vastroM ke sAtha gandhodaka kI varSA karate the, sAtha hI dundubhI bhI bajAte the| vizeSatayA vratI bhikSuoM ko pAraNa karAnevAle ke prati, prasanna hokara ye deva ukta kArya avazya karate the| ise jaina AmnAyika zabdAvalI meM 'paMcadivya' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI lokacetanAzrita puruSArtha-catuSTayapradhAna kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM deva-deviyoM ke uparyukta sabhI prakaraNoM ko rUDhiprauDhatA ke sAtha zilpita-citrita kiyA hai, jisase unake Agama-sAhitya ke talasparzI jJAna para cakita-vismita raha jAnA par3atA hai / kathA-sAhitya meM AgamasAhitya ke vivaraNoM kA viniveza kathArasa ko Ahata karane kI apekSA usameM jJAnAmRta kA tarala siMcana banakara udbhAvita hotA hai / yahA~ 'vasudevahiNDI' ke deva-viSayaka katipaya sandarbha draSTavya haiN| ___ saMghadAsagaNI ne taiMtIsa devoM kI saMkhyA-parikalpanA kA samarthana kiyA hai / vasudeva ko dekhakara atizaya vismita vedapAragoM ne unakI prazaMsA karate hue kahA thA ki nizcaya hI ye taiMtIsa devoM meM koI eka haiM: 'devANa nUNaM ekko tettIsAe (somazrIlambha : pR. 194) / devoM kI jyoti dekhakara manuSya ko jAtismaraNa ho AtA thA aura vaha mUrcchita bhI ho jAtA thaa| RSabhasvAmI se sambaddha pUrvabhava-carita sunAte hue zreyAMsa ne kahA ki vaha apane sAtaveM bhava meM mandara, gandhamAdana, nIlavanta aura mAlyavAn parvatoM ke bIca bahanevAlI zItA mahAnadI dvArA bIcobIca vibhakta uttara kurukSetra meM strI-mithuna ke rUpa meM utpanna huA thA aura bhagavAn RSabhasvAmI nara-mithuna ke rUpa meM / devaloka ke samAna usa uttarakurukSetra ke hradataTa para dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM se utpanna bhogopabhoga se pramudita ve donoM azokavRkSa kI chA~ha meM, navanIta ke samAna sparzavAle vaiDUryamaNi ke zilAtala para sukhapUrvaka baiThe the| tabhI, eka deva snAna ke nimitta usa hrada meM AkAza se utare aura snAna karake phira AkAza meM ur3a gye| usa deva ne apane prabhAva (prabhAsa) se dasoM dizAoM ko udbhAsita kara diyaa| mithuna puruSa, Akula karanevAle usa prakAza ko dekhate hI cintita ho uThA aura mUrcchita ho gyaa| strI-mithuna 1. paMcavihA joisiyA paNNattA,taM jahAvaMdA, sUrA, gahA, NakkhattA, taaraao| -'sthAnAMga' : 5. 52 2.vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie 'sthAnAMga' (sthAna 3 aura 4) draSTavya hai|

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402 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA har3abar3Akara uThI aura patte ke done meM jala lAkara usake mu~ha para chir3akane lgii| hoza meM Ate hI mithuna puruSa cillA uThA : 'hA svayamprabhe ! kahA~ ho? mujhe uttara do|' nara-mithuna kI bAta sunakara strI-mithuna socane lagI : 'merA hI nAma svayamprabhA hai, mujhe aisA anubhava kyoM ho rahA hai?' aisA socate-socate vaha bhI nara-mithuna kI hI bhA~ti mUrcchita ho gyii| phira, apane-Apa hoza meM Ane para bolI : 'Arya ! maiM hI svayamprabhA hU~, jisakA nAma Apane liyA hai|' strI kI bAta sunakara puruSa santuSTa hote hue bolA : 'Arye ! tuma svayamprabhA kaise ho?' taba strI apanA pUrvAnubhava sunAne lagI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 165) / strI-mithuna kI AtmakathA sunakara mithuna puruSa ne usase kahA : 'Arye ! devajyoti ke darzana se jaba mujhe jAtismaraNa ho AyA, taba merI dhAraNA huI ki tuma devabhava meM ho| isIlie, tumheM svayamprabhA kahakara pukArA thA aura tumane jo AtmakathA kahI, usase bhI yaha bAta satya siddha hotI hai (tatraiva : pR. 177) / ' kathAkAra ke varNana se yaha saMketita hotA hai ki manuSya-bhUmi para AnevAle deva ke rUpa meM parivartana ho jAtA thaa| sAtha hI, deva ke sampUrNa divyarUpa ko dekhane kI kSamatA manuSya meM nahIM hotI thii| bharata ne indra se jaba kahA ki devaloka meM ApakA jo divyarUpa rahatA hai, use dikhaaie| taba, indra ne kahA ki mere sampUrNa divya rUpa ko deva se itara koI nahIM dekha sktaa| lekina, Apako usakA eka aMza dikhaauuNgaa| isake bAda parama rUpavAn indra ne AbhUSaNayukta apanI tarjanI aMgulI dikhaaii| aMgulI dekhakara camatkRta bharata ne indra kI AkRti kI sthApanA karAI aura bRhad utsava kA Ayojana kraayaa| usI samaya se 'indra-mahotsava' kI prathA kA pravartana huA (somazrIlambha : pR. 184) / isa prasaMga kI tulanA gItokta, arjuna ko bhagavAn kRSNa dvArA dikhalAye gaye divya rUpa ke prasaMga se kI jA sakatI hai| kathAkAra ne devasampAta kI paramparAgata prathA kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| jaina AmnAya kI prathAgata kathA hai ki jaba kisI anagAra yA sAdha ko kevalajJAna kI utpatti hotI thI, taba devatA AkAza se dharatI para utarate the aura unake prakAza se dasoM dizAe~ udbhAsita ho uThatI thiiN| prasannacandra anagAra ko jaba jJAnotpatti huI thI, taba unakI vandanA ke lie brahmendra ke samakakSa vidyunmAlI deva cAra deviyoM ke sAtha cAroM aura prakAza phailAte hue dharatI para Aye the : 'taM ca samayaM baMbhiMdasamANo vijjumAlI devo cauhiM devIhiM sahito vaMdiuM bhayavaMtamuvAgato ujjovito dasadisAo (kathotpatti : pa. 20) / ' devoM ke svarga meM rahate samaya unakI zarIrakAnti bahata adhika jyotirmaya huA karatI thI, kintu svarga se cyuta hote samaya ve parihInadyuti ho jAte the| isa sandarbha meM 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha sUcanA milatI hai ki jaina AmnAya kI paramparA ke anusAra, kevalajJAna, manuSya-bhava ke tadbhava kI dazA meM sambhava hotA hai, arthAt jo pUrvabhava meM manuSya rahatA hai aura parabhava meM bhI manuSya-vigraha hI lAbha karatA hai, use hI kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai, isalie manuSya-yoni atizaya prazasta aura durlabha mAnI gaI hai| aura, kevalajJAnI manuSya hI deha-viyoga ke bAda apane tapasteja kI nyUnAdhikatA ke AdhAra para thor3e yA adhika samaya ke lie deva-vimAna meM devatva yA indratva prApta karate the| vaidika paramparA meM manuSya-bhava se sIdhe deva-bhava jAne kI mAnyatA nahIM hai, apitu manuSya-bhava aura deva-bhava ke bIca pitR-bhava kI sthiti mAnI gaI hai| kintu, zramaNa-paramparA meM manuSya-bhava se

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 403 sIdhe deva-bhava meM jAne kI parikalpanA manuSya aura deva kI samadharmitA ko sUcita karatI hai| yadyapi, manuSya aura deva kI abhinnatA kI kalpanA vaidika paramparA meM bhI surakSita hai| mahAmahopAdhyAya paM. giridhara zarmA caturvedI ne devanirUpaNa ke krama meM likhA hai ki pitRprANa se devaprANa kA udbhava hotA hai| mukhya deva prANa-rUpa haiN| devaprANoM kI jinameM vizeSatA hai, ve sUryamaNDala, tArAmaNDala Adi ke prANI bhI deva haiM, jinake vizeSa vAcaka indra, varuNa Adi kahe gaye haiN| brAhmaNa-granthoM meM vidyAoM ko pUrNatayA jAnanevAle manuSyoM ko 'deva' zabda se saMjJita kiyA gayA hai| astu ; devatAoM kI palakoM ke na jhapakane kI dhAraNA zramaNa-paramparA meM bhI pracalita thii| eka bAra AdhI rAta ke samaya vasudeva jaga par3e, to unhoMne dIpaka ke prakAza meM eka rUpavatI strI ko apanI bagala meM soI huI dekhaa| vaha dhIre-dhIre uThe aura socane lage : yaha kauna anajAna rUpavatI mere sAtha soI huI hai? sacamuca, koI devI hogI? lekina usakI palakoM ko jhapakate dekhakara samajhA ki yaha devI nahIM hai (tao nimilliyaloyaNatti na devayA, vegavatIlambha : pR. 226) / yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki prAkRta yA saMskRta-vAGmaya meM 'devatA' zabda kA prayoga prAya: devI ke artha meM hI kiyA gayA hai| 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM bhI do-eka sthaloM para 'devatA' zabda devI ke lie hI prayukta huA hai : adya pazyAmyahaM svapne vyomni kAmapi devtaam| prabhAmbhaHsantativyastanabhomaNDalanIlatAm // (5.19) arthAt, Aja maiMne svapna meM, antarikSa meM sthita kisI devI ko dekhA, jisake prabhA-jala ke avirAma pravAha se AkAzamaNDala kI nIlimA titara-bitara ho rahI thii| ___ kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne upavana kI deviyoM (uvavaNadevayAo) aura soma, yama, varuNa tathA vaizravaNa lokapAloM kA bhI eka sAtha ullekha kiyA hai (tatraiva : pR. 225) / saMghadAsagaNI ne, devoM aura manuSyoM ke anyonyAzrayatva para bahukoNIya prakAza-nikSepa to kiyA hI hai, katipaya viziSTa devoM ke vyaktigata caritra kA bhI aMkana kiyA hai| bhAratIya lokajIvana meM brahmabAbA kI piNDI yA sthalI kI sthApanA kA prabhAvaka mAhAtmya pAyA jAtA hai| kathAkAra ne brahmasthalI ke sthApita karane kI prathA kI ora rocaka saMketa kiyA hai| kathA yaha hai ki bhagavAn prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha apane pote zreyAMsa se pAraNa ke nimitta ikSurasa grahaNa karane ke lie jahA~ virAje the, vahA~ zreyAMsa ne maNipIThikA banavA dI aura use pUjanIya gurucaraNa kA sthAna ghoSita kiyaa| bhojana ke samaya zreyAMsa maNipIThikA kA pUjana kiyA karatA / jahA~-jahA~ bhagavAn ne khar3e hokara bhikSA grahaNa kI, vahA~-vahA~ logoM ne maNipIThikAe~ bnvaaiiN| isa prakAra prAya: usI samaya se 'brahmapITha' kI sthApanA kI prathA pracalita huI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 165) / kahanA na hogA ki lokajIvana meM 'brahmabAbA' ke cautare kI sthApanA kI prathA ke rUpa meM Aja bhI yaha paramparA jIvita hai aura lokadhAraNA meM kalyANakArI, aniSTanivAraka devatA ke rUpa meM 'brahmabAbA' kI AdarAtizayatA yathAvata banI haI hai| kathAkAra ne abhiniviSTa deviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye apane vizeSaNAnusAra bahuta hI haThI svabhAva kI aniSTakAriNI deviyA~ hotI thiiN| harivaMza (kula) kI utpatti kI kathA meM carcA hai 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'vaidika vijJAna aura bhAratIya saMskRti' (vahI), pR. 162

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404 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ki pazuhiMsA ke samarthaka rAjA vasu ke chaha putra rAjyAbhiSikta hue the, jinakA abhiniviSTa deviyoM meM vinAza kara diyA thA (padmAvatIlambha : pR. 357) / deviyA~ dharma se vicalita karane ke nimitta aneka prakAra ke mohana, uddIpana Adi upAyoM se kAma letI thiiN| rAjA megharatha kI dharma ke prati avicala AsthA ko sahana na kara sakane ke kAraNa IzAnendra kI surUpA aura atirUpA nAma kI deviyA~ use vicalita karane kI buddhi se divya uttara vaikriya (asvAbhAvika) rUpa dhAraNa karake AIM aura unhoMne rAtri meM kAmoddIpana ke anukUla samasta prakAra ke vighna upasthita kiye, phira bhI ve megharatha ko vicalita karane meM asamartha rhiiN| / subaha hone para ve deviyA~ megharatha kI vandanA aura stuti karake vApasa calI gaIM (ketumatIlambha : pR. 339) / bauddha vAGmaya meM isI prakAra ke tapovighna utpanna karanevAle tattvoM ko 'mAra' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| dhAriNI dharatI yA pRthvI kI adhiSThAtrI devI ke rUpa meM pUjI jAtI thiiN| udyAna kI jutAI ke samaya, hala kI noka ke Age dharatI se jaba kanyA (sItA) nikalI, taba rAjA janaka ne use dhAriNI devI ke dvArA pradatta prasAda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA thA : "tao naMgaleNaM ukkhittaM' tti niveiyaM rnnnno| dhAriNIe devIe dattA dhUyA caMdalehA viva vaDDamANI jaNanayaNa-maNaharI jaayaa| tato 'rUvassiNi' tti kAUNa jaNakeNa piuNA sayaMvaro AiTTho"; (madanavegAlambha : pR. 241) / jyotiSka devoM meM sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra aura tAre kI carcA kI jA cukI hai| ye jyotiSka deva zubhAzubha karma ke pratyakSa sAkSI hote haiN| kSIrakadamba upAdhyAya ne parIkSA ke nimitta jaba apane putra parvataka se bakare ko sUne sthAna meM le jAkara vadha karane ko kahA, taba usane galI ko sUnA jAnakara zastra se bakare kA vadha kara diyA aura ghara lauTakara usane pitA se sArI bAta batAI / taba pitA ne usakI bhartsanA kI : "are pApI ! jyotiSkadeva, vanaspatideva aura pracchannacArI guhyakadeva manuSyacarita kA paryavekSaNa karate haiM aura phira svayaM apanI A~khoM se dekhate hue bhI tumane nahIM dekha rahA hU~', aisA mAnakara bakare kA vadha kara DAlA ! samajho, tuma naraka meM cale gaye (somazrIlambha : pR. 190) / isa prakAra, jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra, koI sthAna janazUnya nahIM hai / aura, yadi koI zUnyasthAna mAnakara pApakarma karatA hai, to vaha usakI mithyAbhrAnti hai / kyoMki, deva sarvatra vyApta haiM / devoM kI vyApakatA kA siddhAnta brAhmaNa-paramparA meM bhI svIkRta hai| 'eko devaH sarvabhUteSu gUDhaH sarvavyApI srvbhuutaantraatmaa| karmAdhyakSaH sarvabhUtAdhivAsa: sAkSI cetA kevalo nirguNaca / / ' 'zvetAzvataropaniSad kA' yaha vacana isakA pramANa hai / 'gItA' meM bhI kahA hai : 'gatirbharttA prabhuH sAkSI ' (9.18) / ___vratasthita sAdhuoM ke bhikSAgrahaNa yA pAraNa ke avasara para deva phUla, ratna, gandhodaka Adi kI varSA to karate hI the, kevalajJAna kI utpatti ke samaya bhI udyota (prakAza) phailAte the| puna: ve deva cakravartI rAjA ke ghara meM ratna, cakra Adi utpanna karate the| jaba koI rAjA cakravartI ke pada para pratiSThita hotA thA, taba caudaha ratna aura navanidhi meM adhiSThita deva usake AjJAkArI ho jAte the| RSabhasvAmI ko jisa dina kevalotpatti huI, usa dina unake lie cakra aura ratna utpanna hue the (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 183) / bharata jisa dina sampUrNa bhArata ke adhipati hue, usa dina bhI caudaha ratnoM aura nau nidhiyoM ne unakI vazaMvadatA svIkAra kI thI (padmAlambha : pR. 202) / kevalotpatti manuSyatva se devatva kI ora bar3hane ke prayAsa kI siddhi kA sUcaka hotI thI, isalie devoM kA prasanna honA, unake dvArA phUla barasAnA aura jyoti-mahotsava yA devodyota kA Ayojana karanA svAbhAvika thaa|

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 405 saMghadAsagaNI ne agnimukha devoM kI bhI kalpanA kI hai / ye agnimukha deva indra ke AjJAvartI the| RSabhasvAmI ke zava ke agnisaMskAra ke lie racita citA meM jo Aga lagAI gaI thI, use inhIM devoM ne apane mu~ha se utpanna kiyA thA, tabhI ye agnimukha deva kahalAye (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 185) / Abhiyogika devoM kI carcA karate hue kathAkAra ne kahA hai ki ye deva kiMkarasthAnIya hote the| RSabhasvAmI ke janmotsava ke samaya ina devoM ne apanI viziSTa zakti se ATha yojana pramANa vimAnoM kA vikurvaNa (parA-prAkRtika nirmANa kiyA thaa| usa gehAkAra (viziSTa ghara) meM, adholoka meM rahanevAlI calitAsanA dikkumAriyA~ utkRSTa divyagati se calakara upasthita huI thiiN| ve dikkumAriyA~ sAmAnika (indratulya devajAti-vizeSa), mahattaraka, pArSada, anIka, AtmarakSaka prabhRti devajAtiyoM se parivRta thiiN| ye dikkumAriyA~ aneka rUpoM meM, aneka dizAoM se AI thiiN| isa krama meM kathAkAra ne lagabhaga chappana dikkumAriyoM kA nAmata: ullekha kiyA hai| ye jina dizAoM se jitanI saMkhyA meM AI thIM, ve isa prakAra haiM : adholoka se ATha, Urdhvaloka se ATha, pUrvarucaka loka se ATha, dakSiNarucaka loka se ATha, pazcimarucaka loka se ATha, uttararucaka loka se ATha, phira rucaka vidizA se cAra vidyutkumAriyA~ aura rucaka-loka ke madhya se cAra dikkumAriyA~ / isa prakAra, RSabhasvAmI ke janmotsava ke samaya dikkumAriyoM kI bhArI bhIr3a juTa gaI thI (tatraiva : pR. 159-160) / lokAntika devoM kI to bhUyaza: carcA kathAkAra ne kI hai| saMsAra-tyAga ke lie pratibodhana karanA hI ina devoM kA mukhya kArya thA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 161, 171, 176; ketumatIlambha : 330, 335, 341, 345) / yamadevI bharaNI aura agnidevI kRttikA kA bhI ullekha kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| bharaNI aura kRttikA nakSatroM ke yoga meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa hI vArANasI ke rAjA agnizikhara ke putra kA 'yamadagni' nAma rakhA gayA thA (madanavegAlambha : pR. 235) / udadhikumAra kSIrodasAgara ke prabhArI deva the| RSabhasvAmI ke zavadAha ke bAda udadhikumAroM ne hI kSIrodasAgara ke jala se citA bujhAI thI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 185) / isI prakAra, bhUtavAdI aura RSivAdI devoM kA bhI ullekha kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| lakSmaNa ne jaba rAmaNa (rAvaNa) kA vadha kiyA thA, taba RSivAdI aura bhUtavAdI devoM ne AkAza se puSpavRSTi kI thI aura lakSmaNa ke bAre meM ghoSaNA kI thI ki bhAratavarSa meM yaha AThavA~ vAsudeva ke rUpa meM utpanna huA hai (madanavegAlambha : pR. 245) / nAgarAja dharaNa bhavanapati devoM ke adhipati the| nAgarAja dharaNa vidyAdharoM dvArA vidyAoM ke prayoga ke niyamoM kA nirdhAraNa aura niyantraNa karate the| sampUrNa nAgaloka inakA anuyAyI thaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita dRSTiviSa jvalanaprabha nAga aura usakI patnI nAgI nAgarAja dharaNa ke prati Antarika zraddhAbhAva se abhibhUta the| yaha nAgarAja dharaNa tIrthaMkara nAma-gotra se sampanna the| eka bAra nAgarAja apanI paliyoM (rAniyoM) ke sAtha aSTApada parvata para sAdhu-vandanA ke nimitta gaye the| vahA~ sAdhuoM ne unheM sulabha bodhivAlA batAyA aura kahA ki vaha vartamAna indratva ke bhava se udvartita hokara, airavatavarSa meM, avasarpiNI-kAla meM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara hoNge| nAgarAja dharaNa kI chaha paTarAniyA~ thIM : allA, akkA, zaterA, sautrAmaNi, indrA aura ghnvidyutaa| allA hI agale bhava meM zrAvastI ke rAjA eNikaputra (eNIputra) kI putrI priyaMgusundarI ke rUpa meM utpanna huI, jo kathA ke caritanAyaka vasudeva kI patnI banI / nAgarAja dharaNa pUrvabhava meM mathurA ke yakSila nAmaka brAhmaNa the aura unakI pradhAnamahiSI allA mathurA ke hI somanAmaka brAhmaNa kI putrI gaMgazrI thI, jisane apane beTe eNIputra kI putrI (priyaMgusundarI) ke rUpa meM punarjanma grahaNa kiyA (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 305) /

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406 devahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pUrvabhava kI vicitratA ke AdhAra para caturvidha devoM aura manuSyoM ke anyonyAzraya sambandha kI saghanatA kA vistRta varNana kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| brAhmaNoM ke vedoM meM bhI devoM aura manuSyoM ke paraspara sambandha kI aneka kathAe~ milatI haiN| bhAratIya rAjA dazaratha, duSyanta, arjuna Adi svargaloka meM jAkara jina devoM ke sahAyaka bane yA jinake pAsa adhyayana kiyA (yA phira jaise, arjuna ne ziva se pAzupata astra prApta kiyA thA) aura jinase satkAra pAyA, ve deva isI bhArata ke uttarAkhaNDa ke nivAsI the, aisA vaidika vizvAsa hai| aura, yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki sUryamaNDala ke samIpavartI devaloka ke prANiyoM ko aSTasiddhi janma se hI prApta hai, ata: ve bhI yatheccha manuSyAkAra dhAraNa kara pRthvIloka meM Ate haiN| isa mAnyatA kA vivaraNa zruti, smRti, purANa Adi meM bahuza: upalabdha hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM to deva aura manuSya ke bIca zAstrArtha kI carcA bhI upalabdha hotI hai| kathA hai ki eka dina rAjA kSemaMkara maNi aura ratna se maNDita divya sabhA meM putra, nAtI aura potoM se ghirA huA baiThA thaa| usI samaya, IzAnakalpavAsI citracUDa nAmaka nAstikavAdI deva zAstrArtha ke lie phuNcaa| lekina, vaha zAstrArtha meM, jinavacanavizArada vajrAyudha se parAjita ho gyaa| taba, citracUDa ne mithyAtva kA vamana karake samyaktva grahaNa kiyaa| parama santuSTa IzAnendra ne vajrAyudha kA sammAna aura abhinandana kiyA tathA jinabhakti ke prati anurAgavaza vajrAyudha ke bAre meM kahA ki 'yaha tIrthaMkara bnegaa|' isa prakAra, deva-deviyoM kI vipula avatAraNA karake jana-saMskRti ke pakSadhara kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne jinavacana aura tIrthaMkara kI sarvotkRSTatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sAtha hI, loka-saMskRti meM deva-deviyoM ke prati AsthA kI vividhatAoM ke utkRSTa pratimAnoM kA sArvabhauma citraNa karake tatkAlIna unnata sAMskRtika cetanA kA viziSTa kalAvareNya pratirUpaNa kiyA hai| vidyAdhara aura apsarA : prastuta zodhagrantha meM, pAramparika vidyAoM ke vivaraNa-vivecana ke prakaraNa meM vidyAdharoM ke sambandha meM vizada prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| apane abhidheya kI anvarthatA ke anusAra ye vidyAdhara vidyA kA dhAraNa karanevAle viziSTa mAnava hI the| vidyAdhara-loka se manuSya-loka kA saghana sAmAjika-sAMskRtika sambandha nirantara banA rahatA thaa| vidyAdharoM aura mAnavoM meM vaivAhika sambandha bhI sthApita hotA thaa| svayaM caritanAyaka vasudeva ne kaI vidyAdhariyoM se vivAha kiyA thaa| vidyAdhariyA~ hI prAcIna lokakathA-jagat kI pariyA~ haiM, yadyapi apsarAoM se ye bhinna hotI thiiN| apsarAoM kA sambandha devaloka se thA, kintu vidyAdhariyA~ yA vidyAdhara isI bhAratavarSa ke vaitADhya parvata kI uttara aura dakSiNa zreNiyoM ke nivAsI the| manuSyoM aura vidyAdharoM ke bIca kevala vidyA hI vibhAjaka rekhA thii| dharaNigocara manuSyoM ko vidyA kI siddhi nahIM rahatI thI, kintu ve apanI sAdhanA se vidyA kI siddhi prApta karane meM samartha ho jAte the| vasudeva ko apanI vidyAdharI palI nIlayazA se vidyA siddha karane kI preraNA prApta huI thI, isalie ki vaha vidyAdharoM se kabhI parAjita na hoN| siddhavidya vasudeva ko apane pratipakSI vidyAdharoM se barAbara muThabher3a bhI hotI rahatI thI, kintu vaha sadA aparAjeya hI bane rahate the|

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 'vasudevahiNDI' meM saikar3oM vidyAdhara- vidyAdhariyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jinameM pandraha vidyAdhara-vidyAdhariyoM ke nAma pramukhatayA ullekhya haiN| jaise: ajitasena, gauripuNDra, jaTAyu, yazogrIva, dhUmasiMha, dhUmazikha, puruhUta, balasiMha, maya, sahasraghoSa, sugrIva aura sughoSa (vidyAdhara), kamalA, dhanavatI aura vajramAlinI ( vidyAdhariyA~) / inake atirikta, aneka vidyAdhara nareza tathA vidyAdhara rAniyA~ apane rUpa, zIla, guNa, vaya aura vidyA kI dRSTi se atizaya mahanIya sthAna rakhate haiM / nissandeha, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA kA mukhya AkarSaNa devoM aura vidyAdharoM ke caritra kI vaha lokAtizayatA hai, jisakI atikrAnti ke lie mAnavIya cetanA satata saMgharSa aura nirantara prayAsa karatI hai / aura, saca pUchie to, isa mahatkathAkRti kA mUla cetanApravAha deva, vidyAdhara aura manuSya ke paraspara AkarSaNa - vikarSaNa se hI paricAlita hai / 407 yathAvarNita vidyAdhara- vidyAdhariyA~ vividha sukhabhoga aura kelivilAsa ke pratIka rUpa meM kathAkAra dvArA citrita huI haiM / 'kathAsaritsAgara' (1.1.97-98 ) meM ullekha hai ki pArvatI ke koI apUrva kathA kahane kA nivedana karane para ziva kahate haiM ki vidyAdhara kI kathAe~ devoM kI kathAoM se bhI adhika rocaka hotI haiN| vidyAdharoM kI kathAoM ne, jo 'bRhatkathA' kA eka aMga bana cukI thIM, prAcIna brAhmaNa- paramparA ke sAhitya ko prabhAvita kiyA aura jaina kathA - sAhitya meM bhI praveza pA liyaa| jaina paramparA ke anusAra vidyAdhara jaina dharmAnuyAyI tathA tIrthaMkaroM ke prati zraddhAvAn hote the aura unakA mukhya nivAsa vaitADhya parvata para thA, jahA~ paidala yA savArI se jAnA sambhava nahIM thA / AkAzagAminI vidyA ke bala se hI vahA~ jAyA jA sakatA thA / Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke sambandhI nami aura vinami vidyAdhara- nikAyoM ke saMsthApaka kahe gaye haiM / nAgarAja dharaNa ne unheM bahuta-sI vidyAe~ dI thIM / nAgarAja kI kRpA se hI donoM kumAroM ne vaitADhya parvata kI uttara zreNI meM gaganavallabha prabhRti sATha nagara aura dakSiNa zreNI meM rathanUpuracakravAla prabhRti pacAsa nagara basAye the / vaitADhya parvata para jina-jina janapadoM se jo-jo manuSya Aye, unake janapada, unhIM ke nAmoM se prasiddha hue / vidyAoM kI saMjJAoM ke AdhAra para vidyAdharoM ke kula solaha nikAyoM kI racanA nami aura vinami ne kI thI, jinameM ATha-ATha nikAya unhoMne Apasa meM bA~Ta liye the / ye donoM kumAra vidyAoM ke bala se deva ke samAna prabhAvazAlI hokara svajana - parijana sahita eka sAtha manuSya aura deva kA bhoga-vilAsa prApta karate the (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 164) / saMghadAsagaNI ne vidyAoM ke AdhAra para vidyAdharoM ke pramukha solaha nikAyoM kI gaNanA isa prakAra upasthita kI hai : gaurI se gaurika, manu se manupUrvaka, gAndhArI se gAndhAra, mAnavI se mAnava, ziMkA se zikapUrvaka bhUmituNDaka vidyAdhipati se bhUmituNDaka, mUlavIryA se mUlavIrya, zaMkukA zaMkuka, pANDukI se pANDuka, kAlakI se kAlakeya, mAtaMgI se mAtaMga, pArvatI se pArvateya, vaMzalatA se vaMzalatA, pAMzumUlikA se pAMzumUlaka, vRkSamUlikA se vRkSamUlaka tathA kAlikA se kAlakeza (tatraiva : pR. 164) / nAgarAja dharaNa ne vidyAdharoM ke lie AcArasaMhitA banAI thI ki yadi ve jinAyatana, jainasAdhu aura kisI dampati kI pavitratA ko vinaSTa karane kI ceSTA kareMge, to unakI siddhi naSTa ho jAyagI / . vidyAdhara vipadgrasta logoM ke sahAyaka hote the aura nItimArga se thor3A bhI skhalita hone para unakA 1. 'to dharaNeNa AbhaTThA -- suNaha bho ! ajjapabhitiM sAhiyAo vijjAo bhe viheyA bhavissaMti, siddhavijjA vi ya jiNaghare aNagAre mihuNe vA avarajjhamANA bhaTThavijjA bhavissaha / ' (bAlacaMdrAlambha: pR. 264).

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408 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA divya gaurava tirohita ho jAtA thaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aisI bhI kathAe~ haiM ki apanI sahaja hitaiSaNAvRtti aura nAgarAja dharaNa kI cetAvanI ke bAvajUda vidyAdharoM ne utpIDana aura apaharaNa ke kANDa kiye haiN| vidyAdhara mAnasavega ne eka mAnavI kA apaharaNa kiyA thaa| usakI bahana vegavatI use nAgarAja dharaNa kI cetAvanI kA smaraNa dilAtI hai, kintu usakA koI phala nahIM hotaa| kintu, vaha apahRtA yuvatI ko apane prAsAda meM nahIM, varan udyAna meM rakhatA hai| dUsarI kathA hai ki mAnasavega kI sammati ke vinA vasudeva ne usakI bahana vegavatI kA pANigrahaNa kiyA thA, ata: pratikriyAvaza usane vasudeva kI dUsarI patnI (somazrI) kA apaharaNa kara liyA (somazrIlambha : pR. 308) / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM eka anya duSTa vidyAdhara dhUmasiMha kI kathA hai, jisane vidyAdharanareza amitagati ko kIloM se jar3akara usakI patnI sukumArikA kA apaharaNa kiyA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 140) / vidyAdhariyA~ kAmakalA-pragalbhA hotI thIM aura ve svayaM svAbhIpsita puruSa ko sambhoga ke lie AmantraNa detI thiiN| kAmakalA kI krIDAputtalI vidyAdhariyoM ke ullekha ke krama meM kAma athavA romAnI prema kA prAdhAnya aura prAcurya kA prastavana karanevAlI mahatkathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' ne vairAgyavAdI jainakathA-sAhitya meM eka samasyA kI sRSTi kI hai| yadyapi isa romAnI pravRtti kI pramukhatA ke aneka kAraNa upasthita kiye gaye haiM, tathApi isa bAta se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI adhikAMza kathAoM se jo utkaTa romAnI aura pragADhatara vAsanAtmaka vAtAvaraNa banatA hai, vaha naitika upadezoM para premAkhyAnakoM ke puTa dene ke pracalita takanIka kI duhAI dene se nirAkRta nahIM ho pAtA hai| isalie, isa sandarbha meM DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina kA yaha kathana adhika mUlya rakhatA hai ki 'kAmakathAe~ jaina sAhitya meM bahudhA upalabdha hotI haiM aura kahIM-kahIM to yaha AvaraNa-vidhAna aisA bana par3A hai ki naitika upadeza ke aMza ko, jo paramparAgata lokakathAoM meM mAnoM pariziSTa ke rUpa meM jor3a diyA gayA hai, parakha pAnA bhI muzkila hai| isalie , isa sandarbha meM mukhya dhyAtavya tattva yaha hai ki ratyAtmaka yathArthatA ke citraNa dvArA mahAn kathAkAra ne apanI kArukAritA ke prati tato'dhika ImAnadArI se kAma liyA hai aura lokajIvana kI sahaja pravRtti ko naitikatA ke balAt AropaNa yA AvaraNa-vidhAna se mukta rakhA hai| ___ jo bhI ho, itanA to nizcaya hI satya hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita vidyAdhara-vidyAdhariyoM ke caritra ke vyAja se, tatkAlIna bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana kI kalAtmaka samRddhi ke aneka aise mahattvapUrNa AyAma samudbhAvita hue haiM, jo apane pAThakoM ke citta ko Aja bhI anAsvAdita udAtta alaukika bhUmikA para pratiSThita kara vismaya se vimugdha kara dete haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne devayoni-vizeSa kI viziSTa deva-jAti apsasaoM kA bhI manohArI varNana upanyasta kiyA hai| indra kI sabhA meM rahanevAlI ye rUpavatI apsarAe~ lalita kalAoM kI marmajJA hotI thIM aura indra ke AdezAnusAra tapasviyoM ke mohana, vazIkaraNa Adi kAryoM meM pratiniyukta hotI thiiN| brAhmaNa-paramparAnusAra hI kathAkAra ne tilottamA, rambhA, menakA aura urvazI kA eka sAtha ullekha kiyA hai (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 130) / brAhmaNa-paramparA meM prasiddhiprApta jaina kozakAra amarasiMha ne apane 'amarakoza' meM apsarAoM ko 'svarvezyA', arthAt svarga ke nivAsI devoM kI 1. dra. 'pariSad-patrikA', varSa 16 : aMka 1 (apraila, 1976 I.) meM prakAzita tathA DaoN. rAmaprakAza poddAra dvArA anUdita 'jainakathA-sAhitya kA gaurava-granthaH vasudevahiNDI' zIrSaka lekha, pR.41

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 409 bhogyA gaNikA, kahA hai / apsarAoM ke ukta cAra nAmoM ke atirikta amarasiMha ne ghRtAcI, sukezI, maMjughoSA Adi nAmoM ke bhI hone kA saMketa kiyA hai|' ye apsarAe~ prakaTa aura antardhAna hone kI zakti se bhI sampanna hotI thIM / roSapradIpta viSNukumAra ne jaba apane zarIra kA aparimeya vistAra kiyA, taba lagA ki jaise vaha dharatI ko hI lIla jAyeMge / aisI sthiti meM unheM gIta-nRttopahAra se anunIta aura zAnta karane lie saudharmendra ne apanI apsarAoM-tilottamA, rambhA, menakA aura urvazI ko hastinApura jAne kA Adeza diyA thA / una apsarAoM ne saudharma svarga se hastinApura Akara viSNukumAra kI A~khoM ke samakSa nRtya kiyA thA / cArudatta ko, madavihvala sthiti meM, vasantatilakA meM apsarA kA bhrama huA thA / madhu ke prabhAva se jaba usakA paira lar3akhar3Ane lagA thA, taba usa bhrAntimayI apsarA ne dAyeM hAtha se cArudatta kI bhujAoM aura mAthe ko sahArA diyA thA / lar3akhar3AtA huA cArudatta usake gale se laga gayA thaa| tabhI usake zarIra ke sparza se cArudatta ko anubhava huA ki nizcaya hI yaha indra kI apsarA hai (tatraiva : pR. 143) / kathAkAra ne isa sparza kI viziSTatA kA vivaraNa to nahIM diyA hai, kintu yaha to spaSTa hI AbhAsita hotA hai ki usa yuga meM manuSyoM ko bhI apsarAoM ke mRdula mAMsala aMgoM ke atimAnavIya viziSTa sparza kA paramasukha upalabdha hotA thA / yoM, vizvAmitra kA menakA ke sAtha aura rAjA purUravA kA urvazI ke sAtha sambhoga samArambha kI vedokta kathAe~ sarvavidita haiM / kahanA na hogA ki manuSyoM ko sukhabhoga kI carama sImA para pahu~cAkara sahasA antarhita ho jAnevAlI pariyoM kI kathAe~ bhAratIya sAhitya hI nahIM, varan sampUrNa vizva-sAhitya meM vividhatA, vicitratA aura vyApakatA ke sAtha varNita huI haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne apsarAoM ke mohaka rUpa sAtha hI unake vitrAsaka rUpa kA bhI varNana kiyA hai / yadyapi, unakA yaha vitrAsana-kArya kisI tapasvI ko vighnita karanevAle vyantaradevoM ke prati huA karatA thA / kathA hai ki eka dina vajrAyudha siddha parvata para gayA / vahA~ usane zilApaTTa para 'namo siddhANaM' isa namaskAra - mantra kA uccAraNa kara isa nizcaya ke sAtha kAyotsarga kiyA ki yadi kucha upasarga utpanna hoMge, to maiM una sabakA sahana karU~gA / isake bAda vaha vairocana (agni)-stambha kI taraha sthira hokara sAMvatsarika vrata karane lagA / usI samaya azvagrIva ke putra maNikaNTha aura maNiketu asurakumAra ke rUpa meM utpanna hokara vajrAyudha ke tapovrata meM aneka prakAra ke vighna utpanna karane lage / kintu vajrAyudha upasargoM kA samyak sahana karatA rhaa| isI samaya rambhA aura tilottamA nAma kI apsarAe~ uttara vaikriya (svabhAva se bhinna rUpa dharakara vahA~ AIM aura asurakumAroM ko vitrAsita karane lagIM, phalataH asurakumAra antarhita ho gaye / tadanantara, una apsarAoM ne taponirata vajrAyudha kI vandanA kI aura nRtya dikhAkara vApasa calI gaIM (ketumatIlambha : pR. 332) / 1. striyAM bahuSvapsarasaH svarvezyA urvazImukhAH / ghRtAcI menakA rambhA urvazI ca tilottamA / sukezI maJjughoSAdyAH kathyante'psaraso budhaiH // (prathamakANDa, svarga-varga)

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410 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA - saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita apsarAoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye kisI tapasvI kA tapobhaMga nahIM karatIM, apitu tapasviyoM ke prati pUjAbhAva rakhakara unake tapa ko nirvighna banAne meM sahAyatA karatI thiiN| zramaNa-paramparA meM brAhmaNa-paramparA kI bhA~ti kisI tapasvI ke tapa se indrAsana ko vicalita hote nahIM dikhAyA gayA haiM, apitu indra ko kaThora tapa meM lIna tapasvI para prasanna hokara usakI upAsanA karate dikhAyA gayA hai| tapasvI indrAsana ke AkAMkSI na hokara mokSAsana ke jigISu-jigamiSu hote the| nivRttimArgI jaina kathAoM kI apsarAoM yA indroM kI yaha sAdhu pravRtti apanA atizaya maulika mahattva aura viziSTa sAMskRtika mUlya rakhatI hai| anya devayoniyA~ : saMghadAsagaNI ne anya devayoniyoM meM bhUta, pizAca, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnara, kimpuruSa, mahoraga Adi ... kA bhI viziSTa varNana kiyA hai, jisameM loka saMskRti ke aneka mUlyavAn pakSa udbhAvita hue haiN| jainAgamoM meM ukta bhUta, pizAca Adi ko vyantara devoM kI zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita vyantara devoM ke caritra kA adhyayana rucira prAsaMgikatA kA viSaya hogaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM meM bhUtagRhoM (prA. bhUtaghara yA bhUyaghara) kA prasaMga bhayotpAdaka vAtAvaraNa ke vikAsa ke krama meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| dhammillahiNDI (pR. 52) meM kathA hai ki vezyA se vaMcita dhammilla, jaba agaDadatta muni ko praNAma karake calA, taba rAste meM use eka bhUtaghara milaa| usa samaya sA~jha ho cukI thii| dhammilla bhUtaghara meM praviSTa huA aura tapasyA se klAntazarIra hone ke kAraNa so gyaa| tabhI bhUtaghara ke deva ne svapna meM usase kahA ki tuma Azvasta rho| tumheM vidyAdhara, rAjA aura ibhyoM kI battIsa kanyAoM kA mAnuSya upabhoga prApta hogaa| isI prakAra, eka anya kathA meM bhI bhUtaghara kI carcA AI hai : eka brAhmaNa thaa| bahuta upAya karane para usake eka putra huaa| usa gA~va meM eka rAkSasa rahatA thA, jisake bhojana ke nimitta kulakramAgata rUpa se pratyeka ghara se eka puruSa apane ko nivedita kara detA thaa| jaba usa brAhmaNa-putra kI bArI AI, taba brAhmaNI bhUtaghara ke pAsa jAkara rone lgii| bhUta ko usapara dayA ho aaii| usane brAhmaNI se kahA : 'mata roo| maiM tumhAre putra kI rakSA kruuNgaa|' jaba brAhmaNaputra ne apane ko rAkSasa ke lie nivedita kiyA, taba bhUtoM ne use vahA~ se apahRta kara pahAr3a kI guphA meM le jAkara rakha diyA aura brAhmaNI se amuka sthAna meM tumhAre putra ko rakha diyA hai, yaha kahakara ve bhUta cale gye| kintu, honI ko kauna TAla sakatA hai? guphA meM pahale se baiThA ajagara usa brAhmaNa-putra ko nigala gayA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 315-316) / isa prakAra, yahA~ bhUta eka prakAra ke dayAlu aura upakArI deva ke rUpa meM citrita hue haiN| eka anya kathA meM ullekha hai ki vasantatilakA gaNikA kI mA~ ne cArudatta ko yogamadya pilAkara behoza kara diyA thA aura usI hAlata meM use bhUtaghara meM DalavA diyA thA (gandharvadattAlambhaH pR. 154) / isa kathAprasaMga se yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya bhUtoM dvArA logoM ke mAra DAle jAne kA lokavizvAsa pracalita thaa| isalie, SaDyantrakAriNI gaNikA mAtA ne mUrcchita cArudatta ko bhUtaghara meM DalavA diyA thA, tAki usake mara jAne para bhI loga yahI samajheMge ki bhUta ne use mAra ddaalaa|

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mila vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 411 bhUta-vetAla para vizvAsa karanA usa yuga kI loka-saMskRti kA eka aMga thaa| vetAla se sambaddha eka kathAprasaMga (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 178) isa prakAra hai : eka dina, rAta ke samaya, campApurI meM gandharvadattA ke bhItarI ghara meM vasudeva bichAvana para A~kheM mUMde par3e the, tabhI ve kisI ke hAtha ke sparza se cauMka uThe aura socane lage ki hAtha kA yaha sparza to apUrva hai / yaha gandharvadattA ke hAtha kA sparza nahIM mAlUma hotaa| maNimaya dIpaka kI rozanI meM jaba unhoMne apanI A~kheM kholIM, taba eka bhayaMkara rUpadhArI vetAla dikhAI pdd'aa| vasudeva socate hI rahe : sunate haiM, vetAla do prakAra ke hote hai-zIta aura uSNa / jo vetAla uSNa hote haiM, ve vinAza ke lie zatruoM dvArA niyukta hote haiM, lekina zIta vetAla nitya kahIM le jAtA hai aura phira vApasa le AtA hai| isake bAda vetAla vasudeva ko balapUrvaka khIMca le claa| vetAla unheM garbhagRha se bAhara le gyaa| sabhI dAsiyA~ soI dikhAI pdd'ii| vetAla ne avasvApinI vidyA se unheM gaharI nIMda meM sulA diyA thA, isalie paira se chU jAne para bhI ve jagatI nahIM thiiN| daravAje para pahu~cakara vetAla bAhara nikala gayA, lekina kivADa lagAnA bhala gyaa| kinta. usake bAhara nikalate hI kivAr3a ke palle Apasa meM gaye aura daravAjA apane-Apa banda ho gyaa| vetAla vasadeva ko zmazAnagRha meM le gyaa| vahA~ unhoMne eka mAtaMgavRddhA ko kucha budabudAte hue dekhA, jisane vetAla se kahA : 'bhadramukha ! tumane merA kAma pUrA kara diyA, bahuta acchA kiyaa|' isake bAda vetAla ne vasudeva ko vahIM chor3a diyA aura ha~sate hue adRzya ho gyaa| isa kathA se spaSTa hai ki vetAla kaI prakAra ke hote the aura usa yuga meM, zmazAna meM striyA~ bhI tantra-sAdhanA karatI thiiN| tantra-sAdhanA karanevAle tAntrika kisI ko vaMzavada banAne ke lie vetAloM ko niyukta karate the| ve vetAla nIMda meM sulA dene, antarhita hone Adi kI vidyAoM se sampanna hote the| sAtha hI, vetAla se AviSTa vyakti vetAla kI AjJA ke pAlana meM vivaza ho jAte the| saMghadAsagaNI ne rAkSasa-pizAca kI AkRti aura bhUtoM ke pahanAve ke sAtha hI, unake dvArA kiye jAnevAle nRtya kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| kathA hai ki eka bAra AdhI rAta ke samaya vasudeva acAnaka jaga par3e aura apanI bagala meM soI kisI ajJAta strI ko dekhakara socane lage ki mujhako chalane ke lie koI rAkSasI yA pizAcI to nahIM A gaI hai| phira socA, yaha bhI sambhava nahIM; kyoMki rAkSasa yA pizAca to svabhAvata: krUra aura bhayaMkara rUpavAle sAtha hI pramANa se adhika moTe hote haiM (vegavatIlambha : pR. 226) / eka dUsarI kathA meM bhUtoM ke paridhAna aura AyudhoM tathA nRtya kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai| eka bAra rAjA megharatha devodyAna kI ora nikalA aura vahA~ apanI rAnI priyamitrA ke sAtha yathecchita rUpa meM ramaNa karane lgaa| usI krama meM vaha vahA~ azokavRkSa ke nIce maNikanaka-khacita zilApaTTa para baitthaa| tabhI, bahuta sAre bhUta vahA~ aaye| ve apane hAthoM meM talavAra, trizUla, bhAlA, bANa, mudgara aura pharasA liye hue the; zarIra meM unhoMne bhasma lapeTa rakhA thA; ve mRgacarma pahane hue the; unake keza bhUre aura bikhare hue the; kAle, lambe sA~pa kA uttarAsaMga dhAraNa kiye hue the; gale meM ajagara lapeTa rakhA thA, unake peTa, jA~gha aura mu~ha bar3e vizAla the; unhoMne goha, cUhe, nevale aura giragiTa ke karNaphUla pahana rakhe the tathA bAra-bAra aneka prakAra se rUpa badalate the| ina bhUtoM ne rAjA megharatha ke Age gIta aura vAdya ke gambhIra svara ke sAtha nRtya kiyA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 336) /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM rAkSasa aura pizAca ke aura bhI kaI rocaka kathAprasaMgoM kA ullekha huA hai / cArudatta kI kathA meM nadI-taTa kI bAlU para uge padacihnoM ko dekhakara utpanna huI harisiMha kI jijJAsA ke uttara meM gomukha deva, rAkSasa, pizAca Adi kA alaga-alaga abhijJAna batAte hue, kahatA hai ki devatA to dharatI se cAra aMgula Upara calate haiM aura rAkSasa to mahAzarIra hote haiM / pizAca to jalabahula pradeza se Darate haiM, isalie ve yahA~ nahIM A sakate / anta meM, yahI nizcaya huA ki ye padacihna vidyAdhara ke haiM (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 135 ) / isake atirikta, kathAkAra ne tAlapizAca kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| vidyAdhara bhI pizAcoM ke rUpa meM apane ko badalane kI vidyA jAnate the / kathA hai ki azvagrIva ne jaba apane vidyAdhara sainikoM ko bulAyA, taba ve jhuNDa-ke-jhuNDa vahA~ A ghire / mAyA aura indrajAla ke prayoga meM nipuNa ('mAyA - iMdajAlANi ya pauMjiUNaM) una vidyAdhara- sainikoM ne rathAvarta parvata para par3Ava DAlA aura tAlapizAca, zvAna, zRgAla, siMha Adi ke bhayaMkara rUpoM kI racanA karake pAnI, Aga aura astra pheMkate hue tripRSTha kI senA ko parAjita karane lage (ketumatIlambha: pR. 312) / 412 viSNukumAra ke virAT zarIra ko dekhakara prAyaH sabhI vyantara aura jyotiSka deva eka sAtha trasta - pIDita ho uThe the / kathA hai ki viSNukumAra ke adRSTapUrva mahAzarIra ko dekhakara vyantaradevasamudAya ke kinnara, kimpuruSa, bhUta, yakSa, rAkSasa, mahoraga tathA jyotiSka deva bhaya se bhAga cale, unakI A~kheM vyAkulatA se caMcala thIM, AbhUSaNa khisaka rahe the, ve apsarAoM kI sahAyatA liye hue the aura kiMkartavyavimUDha hokara kAtara bhAva se ArttanAda karate hue har3abar3I meM eka dUsare para gira rahe the| thara-thara kA~pate hue sabhI khecara prANI bhauMcaka hokara viSNukumAra ke mandarAkAra zarIra ko dekha rahe the / yahA~ kathAkAra ne Rddhisampanna tapa kI mahAvarcasvitA se dIpta mAnava-zarIra ke samakSa vyantara devoM kI varcasvitA ke tucchatva kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| 1 1 guhyakoM (devayoni - vizeSa) ko kathAkAra ne pracchannacArI kahA hai| ve pracchanna bhAva se lokacarita ke draSTA hote haiM : 'pacchaNNacAriyagujjhayA passaMti jaNacariyaM' (somazrIlambha : pR. 190) / usa samaya yakSoM yA yakSiNiyoM ke prati bhI loga vizvAsa rakhate the / bhUtagRha kI bhA~ti yakSagRhoM kI bhI pratiSThApanA usa yuga kI dhArmika lokaprathAoM meM apanA viziSTa mahattva rakhatI thii| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI yakSagRhoM aura yakSa-yakSiNiyoM kI carcA kI hai| unhoMne yaha bhI saMketita kiyA hai ki yakSa-devakuloM meM aneka daridra puruSa rahA karate the, jinase bojhA Dhone kA kAma liyA thA / agaDadattamuni ne apanI AtmakathA meM kahA hai ki tridaNDa parivrAjaka ke pIche-pIche vaha bhI ujjayinI nagara meM AyA / vahA~ usa (parivrAjaka) ne bahuta U~ce mahala meM seMdha lagAI aura usake bhItara paiTha gyaa| thor3I dera meM aneka prakAra kI, dhana se bharI peTikAe~ le AyA aura vahA~ agaDadatta ko khar3A karake calA gyaa| kucha hI dera meM vaha parivrAjaka yakSa- devakula se katipaya daridra puruSoM ko pakar3akara sAtha le AyA ('tAva ya so Agato jakkhadeulAo satthillae daripurise ghettUNaM; dhammillahiNDI ; pR. 40) / 'saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prastuta yakSa-varNana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya logoM ke zarIra para yakSa kA Agamana hotA thA aura yakSAviSTa manuSya madyapAyI kI taraha vibhinna prakAra ke kAyavikSepa karane lagatA thA / kathAprasaMgavaza laukika udAharaNa kA Azraya lete hue zramaNavAdI kathAkAra ne

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 413 nRtya ko yakSAviSTa parAdhIna manuSya ke kAyavikSepa aura vAkpralApa se viDambita kiyA hai ('itthI puriso vA jo jakkhAiTTho paravattavvo, majje pIe vA jAto kAyavikkhevajAtIo daMser3a, jANi vA vayaNANi bhAsati sA vilaMbaNA' nIlayazAlambha : pR. 167) / kathAnAyaka vasudeva ke mukha se svayaM unake yakSiNiyoM ke caMgula meM pha~sane kI kalpita kathA kahalavAkara kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne tatkAlIna lokajIvana meM pracalita yakSiNiyoM dvArA AkAza meM ur3A le jAne kI dhAraNA kI sampuSTi kI hai / aMgAraka ne vasudeva ko jisa andhakUpa meM pheMka diyA thA, usase nikalakara jaba ve aMga- janapada kI campAnagarI meM pahu~ce, taba vahA~ unheM eka adher3a umra kA AdamI dikhAI pdd'aa| usake jijJAsA karane para vasudeva ne apane chadma paricaya meM kahA : 'suno, maiM magadhavAsI gautamagotrIya skandila nAma kA brAhmaNa hU~ / mujhe yakSiNI se prema ho gayA / vaha mujhe AkAzamArga se apane icchita pradeza meM le jA rahI thI ki dUsarI yakSiNI ne IrSyAvaza hamArA pIchA kiyA aura jaba donoM yakSiNiyA~ Apasa meM lar3ane lagI, taba maiM AkAza se gira pdd'aa|' usa manuSya ne bahuta gaura se rUpavAn vasudeva ko dekhakara kahA : 'sambhava hai, Azcarya nahIM ki yakSiNiyA~ Apako cAhatI hoN|' isa uttara meM yaha dhvanita hai ki rUponmAdavatI yakSiNiyA~ rUpavAn puruSoM para mugdha hokara unheM apanI kAmatRpti ke lie Ipsita sthAnoM meM le jAtI thiiN| Aja bhI yaha lokavizvAsa hai ki kiccina ( DAkinI yA zAkinI kA rUpAntara) jAti kI bhUtayoni kI mahilAe~ baliSTha sundara yuvA ke zarIra para AtI haiM aura unheM AviSTa kara apanI kAmatRSA zAnta karatI haiM / yaha 'kiccina' zabda yakSiNI jakkhinI jakkhina Adi se hI kramazaH vikasita pratIta hotA hai / kahanA na hogA ki yakSiNI kI cAritrika paramparA Adhunika lokacetanA meM 'kiccina' ke rUpa meM jIvita hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne kamalAkSa, lohitAkSa, sumana aura surUpa ina cAra yakSoM kA nAmata: ullekha kiyA hai| ina yakSoM ke caritra-citraNa se spaSTa hai ki yakSa- jAti ke sadasya bhI bar3e rUpavAn hote the / lalitakalAoM se sampanna yakSa-yakSiNI ke rUpa-citraNa kI dRSTi se kAlidAsa kI pAryantika kAvyakRti 'meghadUta' nizcaya hI saMghadAsagaNI ke lie Adarza rahA hai| rAjagRha ke nAgarika, vasudeva ke rUpa se vismita hokara unheM yakSAdhipati kubera ke bhavanavAsI kamalAkSa yakSa ke tulya samajha baiThe the / ( sa mANuso, avassaM dhaNadabhavaNacaro kamalakkho jakkho havejja; vegavatIlambha: pR. 248) / isI prakAra, bhadraka mahiSa ne dehatyAga ke bAda asurendra camara ke mahiSayUthapati lohitAkSa yakSa ke rUpa meM punarjanma grahaNa kiyA thA (bandhumatIlambha: pR. 275) / lohitAkSa nAma se hI isake atizaya rUpavAn rahane kI abhivyaMjanA hotI hai / bhAratIya sAhitya meM yakSa kI carcA ke krama meM, manoramatA prAya: sarvatra jur3I huI hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI magadha- janapada ke zAligrAma gA~va ke eka manorama nAmaka udyAna carcA kI hai, jahA~ azokavRkSa ke nIce sumana nAmaka yakSa kI sumanA nAma kI zilA pratiSThita thI, jisapara sumana kI prasannatA ke uddezya se loga pUjA karate the (pIThikA: pR. 85) / satyavAdI satya nAma ke sAdhu ne sumanA zilA ke nikaTa hI sArvarAtrika vratapUrvaka kAyotsarga kiyA thA (tatraiva : pR. 88 ) / isI prakAra, eka anya kathA meM kathAkAra ne surUpa, arthAt atizaya rUpavAn yakSa kA ullekha kiyA hai / prasaMga hai ki vidyAdhara damitAri bahuta kAla taka isa saMsAra kA bhramaNa karake isI bhAratavarSa

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414 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA meM, aSTApada parvata kI tarAI meM, nikaTI nadI ke taTavAsI tApasa somaprabha ke putra ke rUpa meM utpanna huA aura 'ajJAnatapa' yA 'bAlatapa' karake parabhava meM surUpa nAmaka yakSa banA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 338) saMghadAsagaNI ne yakSa ke sAtha hI gandharyoM kA bhI manorama varNana kiyA hai| gandharva-jAti ke sadasya saMgIta-kalA meM niSNAta hote the, isalie 'gandharva' zabda saMgIta kA paryAya bana gayA thaa| saMgIta ke pratinidhi gandharyoM meM tumburu, nArada, hAhA, hUhU aura vizvAvasu kA ullekha kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| ina gandharyoM ne kruddha viSNukumAra ko prasanna karane ke lie jo gIta gAyA, vaha 'viSNugIta' ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| vidyAdharoM ne nArada aura tumburu se hI 'viSNugIta' grahaNa kiyA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 130) / viSNugIta ke viSaya meM paricaya dete hue vasudeva ne cArudatta seTha ke sabhAsadoM se kahA thA ki deva-gandharva ke mukha se udgata jo gIta viSNukumAra ke lie nissRta huA aura jise vidyAdharoM ne dhAraNa kiyA, use pradhAna rAjakuloM meM bhI pratiSThA milii| isIlie, saptatantrI vINA para geya isa gIta kI jAnakArI vasudeva ko thI, kyoMki ve bhI dasa dazAoM ke prasiddha rAjakula ke sadasya the| unhoMne isa gIta ko apanI anya patnI zyAmalI ko bhI sikhAyA thaa| isa prakAra, zAstragambhIra kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI dvArA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM devoM aura devayoniyoM kA vistRta varNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisameM unakI na kevala kathAcetanAmUlaka racanAtmaka pratibhA pratibimbita huI hai, apitu unake dvArA kiye gaye jaina aura brAhmaNa-granthoM ke lokavizvAsoM ke samekita talasparzI adhyayana kA marma bhI zabdita huA hai| deva-deviyoM ke prasaMga meM eka dhyAtavya tathya yaha hai ki anya jaina kRtiyoM ke sadRza 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI tatkAlIna brAhmaNa-paramparA kI aneka paurANika devoM ko bhI mAnuSIkRta karake samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, viSNu-bali-upAkhyAna ko le sakate haiN| paurANika anuzruti ke anusAra, rAkSasoM ke rAjA bali ko daNDita karane ke lie viSNu kA pA~cavA~ vAmanAvatAra huaa| vAmana-rUpI viSNu ne bali se tIna paga bhUmi kI yAcanA kii| bali kI svIkRti ke bAda vAmana ne apane zarIra kA aisA vistAra kiyA ki unhoMne pahale paga meM pUrI dharatI aura dUsare se sArA AkAza mApa liyA tathA tIsarA paga bali ke sira para rakhA aura use pAtAla jAne ko vivaza kara diyaa| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' aura 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI viSNu-balikathA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' ke jainamuni viSNukumAra vaidika paramparA ke vAmana ke hI pratirUpa haiN| isI sandarbha meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kI indra kI kathA ko yA vAsava ke udAharaNa ko bhI tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se adhyayana kA viSaya banAyA jA sakatA hai| kathAkAra dvArA prastuta vaidika devoM yA deviyoM ke jaina rUpAntara meM vaicArika bhedakatA kI nyUnAdhikatA ke bAvajUda kathA ke ThATa kI dRSTi se AsvAda kI ramaNIyatA meM paryApta abhinavatA hai| 'vastutaH, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI paurANika kathAoM kA brAhmaNa purANoM kI kathAoM ke pariprekSya meM tulanAmUlaka yA vyatirekI adhyayana eka svatantra zodha kA viSaya hai|

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 415 vaijJAnika cetanA : 'vasudevahiNDI' meM tatkAlIna lokasAMskRtika cetanA meM vaijJAnika cetanA kA bhI adbhuta samanvaya upalabdha hotA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne kathA ke vyAja se usa yuga kI sAMskRtika upalabdhiyoM meM takanIkI pravidhi kI bhI utkRSTatara vikAsAtmaka sthiti kI ora iMgita kiyA hai| antarikSa meM zabda aura prakAza kI gati-sImA kA nirdhAraNa yA phira jA~gha meM davA DAlakara liMga-parivartana kI vaijJAnika cetanAmUlaka kathA para yathAprasaMga prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| isake atirikta, usa yuga meM vimAna yA havAI jahAja ke nirmANa kI pravidhi ke vikasita hone tathA bhagavAn ke bhASaNa ke vibhinna karNavanta prANiyoM ke lie unakI apanI-apanI bhASA meM pariNata hone kI carcA se sambaddha vijJAnazAstrIya kathAe~ bhI apane-ApameM paryApta rocaka aura vismayajanaka haiM / ina prasaMgoM se kathAkAra kI vaijJAnika parikalpanA ke tato'dhika utkarSa kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| yathAvarNita AkAzagAmI yantra, cakrayantra aura ghoTakayantra usa yuga kI kathAoM meM prasiddha ur3anakhaTole kI mithakIya kalpanA ke rocaka udAharaNa haiN| isI sandarbha meM yantrakapota ke bhI manoraMjaka prasaMga kA ullekha huA hai| isa sambandha meM kokkAsa nAmaka bar3haI ke putra kI kathA kA anvIkSaNa AnuSaMgika hogaa| kathA hai ki tAmralipti nagarI meM ripudamana nAma kA rAjA rahatA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma priyamati thaa| usI nagarI meM dhanapati nAma kA eka dhanADhya vyApArI thaa| vaha rAjA kA la~goTiyA sAthI thaa| usI nagarI ke dhanada nAma ke bar3haI ke eka putra huaa| daridratA ke kAraNa cintA karate-karate dhanada aura usakI patnI donoM mara gye| isa bar3haI kA beTA dhanapati ke ghara palane lgaa| cU~ki, vahA~ vaha bhUsAghara meM bhUsA (kukkusa) khAtA thA, isalie usakA nAma 'kokkAsa' par3a gyaa| kucha dina bAda, kokkAsa dhanapati sArthavAha ke putra dhanavasu ke sAtha samudra-pAra yavanadeza calA gyaa| vahA~ vaha par3osa ke hI vyApArI-kula ke eka bar3haI ke ghara jAkara samaya bitAne lgaa| usa bar3haI ke beTe aneka prakAra ke, bar3haIgirI ke kAma sIkhate the, kintu ve apane pitA dvArA dI jAnevAlI zikSA grahaNa nahIM kara pAte the| kokkAsa unheM madada karatA--'aisA karo, aisA honA caahie|' bar3haI-putroM ke AcArya (pitA) ne vismita hokara kokkAsa se kahA : 'putra ! tuma mujhase vidyAe~ siikho|' AcArya kI zikSaNa-kuzalatA se kokkAsa ne kama samaya meM hI sabhI kASThakarma sIkha liye aura AcArya kI AjJA lekara samudrI nAva se tAmralipti lauTa aayaa| tAmralipti meM kokkAsa ke bar3I kar3akI ke dina cala rahe the| usane apane jIvanopAya ke nimitta rAjA ke samakSa AtmajJApana kI bAta socii| usane do yantrakapota (yantra se ur3anevAle kabUtara) bnaaye| ve kabUtara pratidina rAjA ke mahala kI UparI chata para sUkhanevAle dhAna cuga lete the| rakhavAloM ne isakI sUcanA rAjA. ripudamana ko dii| rAjA ke nItikuzala rakhavAle patA lagAkara kokkAsa ke ghara Aye aura donoM yantrakapotoM ko pakar3akara le gye| phira rAjAjJA se kokkAsa ko bhI bulavAyA gyaa| pUchane para usane rAjA se apanI nirdhanatA kI sArI bAta batA dii| rAjA ne santuSTa hokara use sammAnita kiyA aura usase kahA ki tuma eka aisA AkAzacArI yantra banA do, jisameM do AdamI abhIpsita deza kI yAtrA kara skeN| kokkAsa ne rAjAjJA ke anukUla 1. kathAkAra dvAra varNita yantrakapota ko vartamAna 'helikaoNpTara' kA pratirUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| le.

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416 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA AkAzagAmI yantra (havAI jahAja) taiyAra kara diyA aura kokkAsa ke sAtha rAjA usapara car3hakara abhIpsita deza kI yAtrA karane lagA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 62) / ___ yaha AkAzagAmI yantra nirdhArita bojha hI Dho sakatA thA aura usake saMcAlana kI viziSTa pravidhi thii| rAjA kI bevakUphI ke kAraNa, adhika bhAra DAla diye jAne se vaha yantra durghaTanAgrasta ho gyaa| kathA hai ki eka bAra rAnI priyamati ko bhI apane rAjA ripudamana ke sAtha AkAzamArga se dezAntara jAne kI icchA huii| rAjA ne kokkAsa se pUchA, to usane kahA ki tIsare AdamI kA atirikta bhAra yaha AkAzayantra nahIM Dho skegaa| kokkAsa ke bAra-bAra manA karane para bhI rAjA apanI rAnI ke sAtha vimAna para car3ha gyaa| kokkAsa ne rAjA se kahA : 'Apako bAda meM pachatAnA hogaa| yaha jahAja avazya gira pdd'egaa|' yaha kahakara kokkAsa ne AkAzayantra ke tAroM ko khIMcA aura yantra kI kIloM ko jhaTakA diyaa| vimAna AkAza meM ur3a calA ('ArUDheNa kaDDiyAo taMtIo, AhayA jaMtakIliyA gaganagamaNakAriyA, uppaiyA AkAsaM'; tatraiva : pR. 63) / ' vimAna-racanA meM nipuNa kokkAsa durghaTanAgrasta havAI jahAja kI marammata karanA bhI jAnatA thaa| ukta kathA ke krama meM Age kA prasaMga hai ki rAjA aura rAnI ko lekara ur3anevAlA, kokkAsa dvArA paricAlita AkAzayantra jaba aneka yojana dUra nikala gayA, tabhI adhika bhAra ke dabAva se yantra ke tAra TUTa gye| yantra bigar3a gayA, usakI kIleM DhIlI hokara gira par3IM aura yAna kokkAsa kI paricAlana-kuzalatA se dhIre-dhIre dharatI para Akara Thahara gyaa| aba rAnI-sahita vaha rAjA zilpI kI bAta nahIM mAnane ke pazcAttApa se tapane lgaa| taba kokkAsa ne rAjA se kahA : 'kSaNabhara Apa yahA~ tthhreN| maiM tosali nagarI jAkara yantra jor3ane ke upakaraNa khojatA huuN|' yaha kahakara kokkAsa calA gayA aura rAnI-sahita rAjA vahIM usakI pratIkSA karane lgaa| kokkAsa ne tosali nagara ke bar3haI ke ghara jAkara basUle kI mA~ga kii| bar3haI samajha gayA ki yaha zilpiputra hai| bar3haI ne kahA ki mujhe apane rAjA kA ratha banAnA hai, isalie basUlA phurasata meM nahIM hai| taba kokkasa ne kahA ki lAo, maiM hI ratha banA duuN| bar3haI ne use basUlA de diyaa| bar3haI jabataka dUsarI aura mana lagAye rahA, tabataka kSaNabhara meM kokkAsa ne ratha ke donoM cakke jor3a diye| bar3haI vismita raha gayA aura vaha kokkAsa ke lie dUsarA basUlA lAkara dene ke bahAne apane rAjA kAkajaMgha ke pAsa calA gayA aura kolakAsa ke Ane kI sUcanA use de dii| rAjA kAkajaMgha ne zilpI kokkAsa ko pakar3a ma~gavAyA aura usakA bar3A sammAna kiyaa| kokkAsa se usake Ane ke abhiprAya ko jAnakara rAjA kAkajaMgha ne rAnI-sahita rAjA ripudamana ko apane yahA~ bulavAyA aura use bandI banA liyA tathA rAnI ko anta:pura meM rakha liyaa| phira, kokkAsa se kahA : 'mere kumAroM ko yantra-nirmANa kI zikSA do|' kokkAsa ne kahA : 'kumAroM ko isa zikSA kI kyA AvazyakatA hai?' kintu rAjA ne haTha pakar3a liyA aura balAt kokkAsa ko, kumAroM ko zikSA dene ke lie, taiyAra honA pdd'aa| isI krama meM usane do AkAzagAmI ghoTakayantra 1. prastuta sandarbha meM yathollikhita tAroM aura kIloM ke sandarbha kI tulanA Adhunika vaimAnikI yA vimAna-vijJAna (eyaronaoNTiksa) meM nirdiSTa vAyuyAna-cAlana ke niyantraka yAntrika upakaraNoM kaNTrola kebula' tathA ghiranI (pullI) se kI jA sakatI hai| le.

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417 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana bnaaye| zilpAcArya kokkAsa jisa samaya so rahA thA, usI samaya kAkajaMgha ke do putra yantraghoTaka para car3ha gye| yantraghoTaka para dabAva par3ane ke kAraNa vaha (vimAna) AkAza meM ur3a gyaa| ___ sokara uThane para kokkAsa ko jaba kumAroM ko lekara yantraghoTaka ke ur3a jAne kI sUcanA milI, taba usane kahA ki 'mahAn anartha huA ! kumAra vinAza ko prApta hoNge| unheM yAna lauTAne kI kIla ke bAre meM jAnakArI nahIM hai|' rAjA ne jaba yaha bAta sunI, taba vaha ruSTa ho uThA aura kokkAsa ke vadha kI AjJA dii| yaha bAta rAjA ke eka beTe ne kokkAsa se jA khii| , kokkAsa ne jyoM hI vadha kI rAjAjJA sunI, usane eka cakrayantra kA nirmANa kiyA aura rAjA ke zeSa kumAroM se kahA : tuma sabhI isapara car3ha jAo aura jaba maiM zaMkha bajAU~, taba sabhI milakara eka sAtha madhyama kIla para jhaTakA denA, tabhI yAna (cakrayantra) AkAza meM udd'egaa| ve sabhI kumAra, 'yahI kareMge' kahakara cakrayantra para car3ha gye| rAjapuruSa kokkAsa ko vadha ke lie pakar3a le gye| mAre jAne ke pUrva usane zaMkha bajA diyaa| idhara kumAroM ne zaMkha kI AvAja sunakara yAna kI madhyama kIla ko eka sAtha jhaTakA de diyaa| jhaTakA dete hI sabhI kumAra zUla se bhida gye| udhara kokkAsa ko mAra DAlA gyaa| rAjA ne jaba kumAroM ke bAre meM pUchA, taba usake kiMkaroM ne kahA ki ve sabhI-ke-sabhI cakrayantra ke zUla cubha jAne se mara gye| yaha sunate hI rAjA kAkajaMgha syAha aura sunna par3a gayA aura 'hAya-hAya !' kahakara zokasantapta hRdaya se rotA haA mara gayA (tatraiva : pR. 63-64) / isa kathAprasaMga se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki yantranirmAtA kokkAsa apane yuga kA khyAtilabdha zilpI thaa| tabhI to rAjA kAkajaMgha ne use apane yahA~ bulavAkara usakA sammAna kiyA thA aura isa prakAra rAjA ne eka uccatama kalAkara kI upalabdhi se apane rAjya ko gauravazAlI samajhA thaa| 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' (5.201-271) meM bhI kokkAsa kI bhA~ti pukvasa nAmaka antararAjyIya khyAtiprApta yantrazilpI kA ullekha huA hai| saMghadAsagaNI kA kokkAsa budhasvAmI ke pukvasa kA hI pratirUpa hai| eka anya kathA (mitrazrI-dhanazrIlambha : pR. 195) meM bhI kRtrima vimAna kI carcA saMghadAsagaNI ne kI hai| vasudeva ne, rAtri ke samaya, aindrajAlika dvArA nirdiSTa vidyAsiddhi kI vidhi ke anusAra jyoM hI apanA japa pUrA kiyA, eka divya alaMkRta vimAna AkAza se nIce utraa| nirdezAnusAra vasudeva vimAna para jA baitthe| vimAna dhIre-dhIre Upara uThane lgaa| thor3A Upara uThane para vasudeva ne anumAna kiyA, vimAna parvatazikhara kI barAbarI meM ur3a rahA hai| isake bAda vaha eka dizA kI ora ur3a claa| phira, vasudeva ko aisA pratIta huA ki vimAna Ubar3a-khAbar3a pradeza meM skhalita hotA huA cala rahA hai| phira, vasudeva ne kucha AdamiyoM ke parizrama-janita ucchvAsa kA zabda sunaa| tabataka subaha ho cukI thii| unhoMne dekhA ki vaha vimAna sarvathA kRtrima vimAna thA, jo kisI kI salAha se kisI puruSa dvArA prayukta thA aura jise rassI se khIMcakara lAyA gayA thaa| vasudeva usa vimAna se nIce utarakara cala pdd'e| isa prakAra kI vaijJAnika pravidhi kI prAsaMgitA ke sAtha prastuta kAlpanika kathAoM se aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usa kAla ke zilpI yantranirmita aura kRtrima donoM prakAra ke

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418 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vimAnoM yA AkAzagAmI savAriyoM ke nirmANa kI kalpanA prAya: karate the| yantranirmita yAnoM meM tAroM aura kIloM kI carcA karake to kathAkAra ne apanI vaijJAnika-prAvidhika cetanA kA sUkSma paricaya diyA hai| nissandeha, kathAkAra dvArA carcita yantranirmita vimAnoM kI parikalpanA meM, Adhunika vaijJAnika vikAsa ke yuga meM nirmita honevAle vibhinna vimAnoM kI saMracanA yA saMkalpanA ke bIja nihita haiN| tatkAlIna vaijJAnika vikAsa para prakAza DAlanevAlI kathAoM meM zAntisvAmI ke carita se sambaddha kathA (ikkIsavA~ ketumatIlambha : pR. 342) kA eka prasaMga ullekhya hai| zAntisvAmI ke pravacanakAlIna vAtAvaraNa ko prastuta karate hue kathAkAra ne kahA hai ki zAntisvAmI, tIrthaMkara nAma-karma ke udaya kI velA meM yathAyojita dharmapariSad meM, bhagavadvANI ke zravaNAmRta ko pAna karane ke lie tRSita prANiyoM ke nimitta, parama madhura svara meM dharmopadeza dene lge| pravacana ke samaya unakI AvAja eka yojana (cAra kosa = lagabhaga 13 kimI.) taka gUMja rahI thI aura jitane kAnavAle jIva the, sabhI apanI-apanI bhASA meM bhagavAn kI vANI suna rahe the ('paramamahureNa joyaNanIhAriNA kaNNavaMtANaM sattANaM sabhAsApariNAmiNA sareNa pakahio'; (ketumatIlambha : pR. 342) / nizcaya hI, tIrthaMkara kI eka yojana taka gUMjanevAlI vANI se unakI vAcika svaratantrI kI UrjAtizayatA kI sUcanA milatI hai| (yadyapi, Adhunika bhASakoM yA gAyakoM kI svaratantrI itanI durbala par3a gaI hai ki sAmAnya goSThI meM bhI unake bhASaNa yA gAna ke lie dhvanivistAraka yantra anivArya ho gayA hai !) kintu, bhagavAn ke pravacana kI bhASA ke sabhI kAnavAle, arthAt zravaNazaktiyukta prANiyoM ke lie unakI apanI-apanI bhASA meM pariNata ho jAne kI kalpanA meM, nizcaya hI, usa Adhunika vaijJAnika vyavasthA kA bIja nihita hai, jisake dvArA kisI eka bhASA meM honevAle bhASaNa ko vibhinna bhASA-bhASI dezoM ke pratinidhi apanI-apanI bhASA meM sunate haiN| samprati, vaijJAnika dRSTi se samunnata anya mahAdezoM ke atirikta, bhArata jaise vizAla deza kI rAjadhAnI naI dillI ke 'vijJAna-bhavana' meM bhI isa prakAra kI vaijJAnika vyavasthA (kampyUTara-sisTama) hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke vaijJAnika avadhAraNAmUlaka kathAprasaMgoM se spaSTa hai ki bahuprajJa kathAkAra ne sAMskRtika jIvana ke udbhAvana ke krama meM tatkAlIna vaijJAnika pragati ko bhI apane vastu-varNana kA lakSya banAyA hai, jisase unake dvArA kiye gaye bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvana ke sUkSma darzana kI vyApakatA kA AbhAsa milatA hai| sAtha hI, sAMskRtika jIvana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke vyAvahArika samIkSaNa kI vividha praNAliyoM ke samIkaraNa se kathAkAra kI sAMskRtika cetanA kA vyApaka svarUpa nirmita huA hai, jisakA kalA aura samAjazAstra kI dRSTi se saiddhAntika adhyayana mAnava-samAja ke tAttvika anta:sambandhoM kI pArasparika vikAsAtmaka sthiti kI parakha ke lie atizaya mUlyavAn hai / niSkarSaH 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita sAmAnya sAMskRtika jIvana ke adhyayana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kalpanAbhUyiSTha aura vastuniSTha saundarya ke stokasatya AyAmoM kI ananta akSaya nidhi hai, sAtha hI bhAratIya cintana kI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatAoM se paripUrNa bhii| prAcInatA ke bAvajUda usameM Adhunika evaM atyAdhunika vicAraNAoM ke bIja surakSita haiN| kahanA na hogA ki kathAvidhi meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI antaraMgatA samAhita karane

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 419 kI kalA para saMghadAsagaNI kA Adhipatya spaSTa hai| isa kathAkAra dvArA nirUpita saMskRti ke svarUpa meM jJAna-vijJAna ke vividha vikAsa ko darasAne tathA loka avadhAraNA kI vibhinna zAkhAoM ke bIca samanvayana yA santulana sthApita karane kI vizeSa pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI racanA-prakriyA meM prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke kSetra kI atizaya vistIrNatA ko nirantara dhyAna meM rakhA hai, isalie isa kathAgrantha meM sAMskRtika tattvoM ke vibhinna pakSa yA vividha viSaya, jaise mithakAdhRta aura zAstraniSTha dhArmika AsthAmUlaka lokatattva, darzanazAstra, kalA, saundaryazAstra, manovijJAna, vijJAna, samAjazAstra, arthazAstra, itihAsa, bhUgola, rAjanIti ityAdi eka sAtha samAhita haiN| avazya hI, 'vasudevahiNDI' ukta viSayoM kA Akarasrota hai| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pratipAdita prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti se paryAvRta sAmAnya lokajIvana bar3A vyApaka hai, isalie isake antargata viSaya-sAmagrI ke aneka parisara haiN| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA kIrtita saMskRti meM zobhA-saundarya, viziSTa camatkArI rUpa-vidhAna, anukaraNaalaMkaraNa, abhivyakti mAdhyama, sazakta upayukta abhivyaMjanA, kalpanAprauDhi, prAtibha sphuraNa, vaiduSI vicakSaNatA, zAstradIkSita AcAra, satya-ziva-sundara, sAdRzyAbhAsa, lokamaMgala yA mAnava-kalyANa, Ananda, saMvega, rasa, samAnubhUti, audAttya, varNana-vipulatA, vyatirekI bimba-vidhAna, arthAtizaya, dehAtmajJAna, pragADha aindriya bodha ityAdi aneka aise viSaya haiM, jinakA sambandha vibhinna bhAratIya zAstroM se hai| . uparyukta vivecanAtmaka dRSTi se spaSTa hai ki adhItI kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI dvArA 'vasudevahiNDI meM aMkita sAmAnya sAMskRtika jIvana atyanta samRddha aura kalAvareNya hai, jisase vaha AtmarakSA tathA pratirakSA ke lie satata satarka, jJAna-vijJAna ke prati abhirucizIla, sAhasI aura adhyavasAyI, nArI-pUjaka, paraloka yA punarjanma ke prati dRr3ha AsthA se sampanna, svarga-naraka, deva-devI Adi ke prati vizvAsa ke kAraNa dayAdAnazIla, sAmAjika aura rAjanItika cetanA se anuprANita, mAnava aura vidyAdharoM kI samakakSatA ke lie nirantara saMgharSazIla, samyaktvAcAra kA AgrahI, sAdhuniSTha, prakRti-jagat ke prati prItimAn Adi apane aneka bhavya-nirmala rUpoM kI manoramatA se maNDita mahAn lokanAyaka kathAkAra bana gaye haiN| (ga) prazAsana evaM artha-vyavasthA rAjya prazAsana prajA yA lokajIvana se sambaddha hai, sAtha hI rAjAoM dvArA prazAsita samAja se bhI janagata sAMskRtika cetanA ke aneka tattvoM kA udbhAvana hotA hai, isalie 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita lokajIvana ke adhyayana ke sandarbha meM usake mahattvapUrNa aMgabhUta rAjya-prazAsana-vidhi para dRkpAta karanA apekSita hai| prajAraMjana yA lokaraMjana hI prazAsana kA paryAya hai| prakRtiraMjana ke kAraNa hI 'rAjA' saMjJA anvartha hotI hai| kAlidAsa ne 'raghuvaMza' meM rAjA raghu ke lie kahA bhI hai : 'tathaiva so'bhUdanvartho rAjA prakRtiraJjanAt (4.12) / ' isIlie, prajApAlana meM akSama rAjA prazAsana nahIM kara sakatA hai| prajApAlaka hI saccA prazAsaka hotA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita prAya: sabhI rAjA prakRtiraMjaka yA prajApAlaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| rAjagRha kA rAjA zreNika prajAsukha meM hI

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420 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA apanA sukha mAnatA thA ('payAsuhe suhaM ti vavasio; kathotpatti : pR. 2) / kuzAgrapura kA rAjA jitazatru apane vibhinna kuTumbIjanoM, arthAt prajAjanoM ke manoratha kI pUrti meM hI zreSTha dhana kA vitaraNa karatA thA, isIlie use 'annakuDubijaNamaNorahapatthaNijjavitthiNNavihavasAro' vizeSaNa se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai (tatraiva : pR. 27) / kaMsa bhI prakRtiraMjaka rAjA thA ('kaMseNa ya pagatIo raMjeUNa; devakIlambha : pR. 368) / bhAratavarSa ke chatrAkAra nagara ke rAjA kA prItiMkara nAma prajAoM meM prIti utpanna karane ke kAraNa hI sArthaka huA thA ('tatya pIIkaro payANaM pIiMkaro nAma rAyA'; bAlacandrAlambha : pR.258)| kathAkAra ne rAma ke mukha se rAjA ke Adarza guNoM kA varNana karAyA hai| jaba bharata kI mA~ kaikeyI ne rAma se Agraha kiyA ki vaha jaMgala jAnA chor3a deM aura kalaMka-paMka se usake uddhAra ke lie kulakramAgata rAjyalakSmI aura bhAiyoM kA paripAlana kreN| taba rAma ne kaikeyI se kahA : "mA~, tumhArA vacana mere lie anullaMghanIya hai| phira bhI, ullaMghana kA kAraNa yaha hai ki jo rAjA satyapratijJa hotA hai, vahI prajApAlana meM samartha hotA hai| lekina, satya se bhraSTa rAjA to azraddheya hotA hai aura taba vaha apanI patnI ke pAlana meM bhI ayogya siddha hotA hai (caudahavA~ madanavegAlambha : pR. 242) / " "vasudevahiNDI' meM, pitR-pitAmaha-paramparAgata rAjatantrAtmaka zAsana-paddhati kA hI sArvatrika ullekha milatA hai| vaidika sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM isa rAjatantrAtmaka zAsana-paddhati ko niyantrita aura aniyantrita-ina do rUpoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina paddhatiyoM se prazAsana karanevAle rAjA kA yaha dAvA rahA hai ki usakI utpatti daivI hai, jo yA to vinA kisI prakAra ke virodha ke deza para adhikAra kara letA thA athavA virodha ko dabAkara balAt sAre zAsana ko svAyatta kara letA thaa| yaha aniyantrita rAjyatantra kA udAharaNa hai| dUsare, niyantraNa kI dazA meM to vaha janatA kI anumati se, hI janatA para adhikAra karatA thaa| vaidika granthoM (Rgveda : 1.24.8; 10.175.1; atharvaveda : 3.4.2) meM yaha bhI dekhane ko milatA hai ki niyantrita rAjyatantra meM rAjA yA to cunA jAtA thA yA svIkRta yA manonIta kiyA jAtA thaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathA hai ki prajAoM kI anumati se hI RSabhasvAmI rAjA ke rUpa meM svIkRta hue the| kAladoSa se loga jaba kulakaroM dvArA pravartita daNDanIti kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa karane lage, taba utpIDita prajAe~ bhagavAn RSabhasvAmI ke nikaTa giiN| bhagavAn ne unase kahA : 'isa samaya jisa rAjA kI daNDanIti ugra hogI, vahI prajA-pAlana meM samartha hogaa|' prajAoM ke pUchane para bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne unake anukUla rAjA ke lakSaNa aura rAjasevA kI vidhi ko vizadatA se batAyA aura unheM Azvasta kiyA ki cU~ki Apa sabhI yogya prajA haiM, isalie Apako rAjA bhI anukUla mileNge| isake bAda unhoMne prajAoM ko apane pitA nAbhikumAra ke nikaTa bheja diyaa| rAjA nAbhi ne kahA : 'Apa sabhI RSabhadeva ko rAjyAsana para baitthaaie|' prajAjana isa bAta ko svIkAra kara cale gaye (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 162) / 1.(ka) ihaM somadevo rAyA piTha-piyAmahaparaMparAgayarAyalacchI paDipAleI / (somazrIlambha : pR. 222) (kha) tatya ya rAyA piu-piyAmahaparaMparAgayaM rAyasiriM paripAlemANo sajalameghanAo ya meghanAo nAma aasii| (madanavegAlambha : pR.230)

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 421 __ isa kathAprasaMga se yaha mahattvapUrNa sUcanA milatI hai ki anukUla rAjA kI prApti ke lie prajAoM kI anukUlatA bhI anivArya thii| isase 'yathA rAjA tathA prajA' jaise smRti-vacanoM kI bhI sArthakatA siddha hotI hai / sAtha hI, yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki tatkAlIna zAsana-paddhati rAjatantrAtmaka hote hue bhI usakI saMgha-vyavasthA prajAtantrAtmaka thii| vaidika mAnyatA ke anusAra, rAjA ke lie prAthamika kartavya rASTrahita aura prajAhita thaa| hinduoM kI ekarAjatA kA yaha mahAn Adarza, jisakA ekamAtra uddezya prajA kI bhalAI thA, saMsAra kI tatkAlIna rAjanIti ke itihAsa meM apanA sarvottama aura advitIya sthAna rakhatA thaa| vastutaH, vaha eka nAgarika rAjya thA, jisake prAntIya zAsaka yA mANDalika sadA nAgarika hI huA karate the| isa ekarAja zAsana kI aneka praNAliyA~ pracalita thIM : jaise rAjya, mahArAjya, Adhipatya aura sArvabhauma / sArvabhauma zAsana-praNAlI kA vikAsa Age calakara cakravartI zAsana-praNAlI ke rUpa meM prakaTa huaa| kauTilya ne 'arthazAstra' meM, isa sambandha meM kahA hai ki 'sArI bhArata-bhUmi deza hai| usameM uttara se dakSiNa, himAlaya se samudra taka tathA eka hajAra yojana vistRta pUrva aura pazcima kI sImAoM ke bIca kA bhUbhAga cakravattI-kSetra hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI aranAtha (ketumatI. pR. 347), kunthunAtha (tatraiva), zAntinAtha (tatraiva : pR. 310), jaya (somazrI. pR. 189), bharata (nIlayazA. pR. 162), maghavA (madanavegA. pR. 234), mahApadma (gandharva. pR. 128), ratnadhvaja (ketumatI. pR. 321), vajradatta (kathotpatti : pR. 23), vajranAbha (nIlayazA. pR. 177), vajrasena (tatraiva : pR. 175), vajrAyudha (prabhAvatI. pR. 329), sagara (priyaMgu, pR. 300), sanatkumAra (madanavegA. pR. 233), subhauma (somazrI. pR. 188) Adi cakravartI rAjAoM kI paramparA kA ullekha huA hai| zAstra-vyavasthA kI dRSTi se tatkAlIna samagra rASTra puroM aura janapadoM meM vibhakta thaa| janapada rAjya kA aura pura rAjadhAnI kA pratirUpa thaa| mantripariSad : rASTra ke prazAsana ke lie, usa yuga meM mantripariSad kI vyavasthA rahatI thii| mantripariSad kI yojanA kA mukhya uddezya thA pratyeka rAjakIya samasyA para vicAra karanA aura rAjya kI unnati ke lie yojanAe~ bnaanaa| kauTilya ne bhI sabhI rAjakAryoM ko mantraNA ke bAda hI kriyAnvita karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| isa mantraNA ko rAjA ekAkI nahIM kara sakatA thaa| akele meM vicArita kAryakramoM kI saphalatA sandigdha hotI hai, isalie samucita parAmarza ke lie mantripariSad kI anivAryatA svayaM siddha hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI aneka mantriyoM kA varNana huA hai| baladeva kI putrI sumati ke lie IhAnanda nAmaka mantrI ke sAtha vicAra-vimarza ke bAda hI svayaMvara kA Ayojana kiyA gayA thA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 327) / prauSadhavratapUrvaka, siddhAyatana meM jina-pUjA karake svayamprabhA jaba nirmAlya dene ke nimitta apane pitA rAjA jvalanajaTI ke sAmane AI, taba usake rUpa-yauvana ko dekha rAjA ko usakI zAdI kara dene kI cintA ho gii| taba, usane apanI mantrapariSad ke sadasyoM se svayamprabhA ke lie kula, rUpa aura viziSTa jJAna ke anurUpa vara ke viSaya meM vicAra-vimarza kiyaa| kathAkAra ne 1. dezaH pRthivI / tasyAM himavatsamudrAntaramudIcInaM yojanasahasraparimANaM tiryak cakravartikSetram / (9.1)

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422 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA rAjA kI mantripariSad ke sadasyoM meM suzruta, bahuzruta, sumati aura zrutasAgara nAma ke mantriyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / saba mantriyoM ke sujhAvoM ko sunane ke bAda rAjA ne zrutasAgara kI salAha mAnakara svayaMmprabhA ke lie svayaMvara ke Ayojana kA nirNaya kiyA (ketumatIlambha: pR. 310 ) / hastinApura ke rAjA kArttavIrya kI patnI tArA ke putra subhauma zizu ko, jo Age calakara yuvA hone para cakravartI rAjA huA, rAjyaviplava ke samaya rAjA ke do mantriyoM - mahara aura zANDilya dvArA kauzika RSi ke Azrama meM gupta rUpa se saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki mantripariSad ke sadasya kisI bhI suvicArita gupta viSaya ke rahasya ko surakSita rakhane ke lie apanI jAna kI bAjI lagA dete the / mantriyoM dvArA rAjA ke rahasya ko gupta rakhane kI bAta para kauTilya ne bhI bahuta jora diyA hai| kauTilya kA kahanA hai ki kAryAnvita hone se pahale hI kisI gupta yojanA kA prakaTa ho jAnA rAjA aura mantripariSad donoM ke lie anartha yA aniSTakara ho sakatA hai| isIlie kauTilya ne gupta mantraNA ke rahasyodghATaka ke vadha kara dene kA prAvadhAna rakhA hai ('arthazAstra': 1.14) / saMghadAsagaNIne mantripariSad kI jahA~ carcA kI hai, vahA~ usake sadasyoM meM prAya: cAra mantriyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / pratIta hotA hai, usa yuga meM rAjA ke lie apanI rUpayauvanavatI putrI ke svayaMvara kA Ayojana bahuta hI samasyA- pradhAna aura saMgharSamUlaka hotA thA, isalie rAjA isa viSaya para apane mantriyoM se vizeSa vicAra-vimarza avazya karatA thA / kathA hai ki tripRSTha vAsudeva ne apanI ba jyotiSprabhA kI yuvAvasthA ko dekhakara, apanI mantripariSad ke vipulamati, mahAmati, subuddhi aura sAgara nAma ke cAroM mantriyoM kI salAha se svayaMvara kA Ayojana kara rAjAoM ko sUcanA bhijavAI thI / ('dAriyaM jovvaNe vaTTamANi passiUNa viulamati- mahAmaI- subuddhi-sAyarANa cauNha vi maMtINaM mayANi giNhUiNa sayaMvaraM roveUNa savvarAyaviditaM karejha'; ketumatIlambha: pR. 314) / gandhAra - janapada kI rAjadhAnI gandhasamRddha nagara ke rAjA mahAbala kA mantrI sambhinnazrotra yA samminnazrotA thA, jisake sAtha rAjA aneka samasyAoM para vicAra karatA aura usakI salAha letA thA ('saMbhiNNasoo puNa me maMtI bahusu kajjesu paripucchaNijjo nIlayazAlambha : pR. 166) / sambhinnazrotra kA artha bhI bar3A mUlyavAn hai / 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' meM isakA artha kiyA gayA hai labdhi - vizeSavAlA / isa labdhi se sampanna vyakti zarIra ke kisI bhI aMga se zabda ko spaSTa rUpa se sunane kI zakti rakhatA hai / sambhinnazrotra ne mahAbala ke bAlasakhA svayaMbuddha ke sAtha bhogavAda ke samarthana meM zAstrArtha bhI kiyA thA (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 167) / mahAbala, svayaMbuddha aura sambhinnazrotra ina tInoM kI maNDalI barAbara zAstragambhIra banI rahatI thI / kadAcit kauTilya ke 'arthazAstra' aura 'manusmRti' yA ' yAjJavalkyasmRti' se prabhAvita hokara hI saMghadAsagaNI ne yadyapi ekarAjyIya zAsana-praNAlI kA samarthana kiyA hai, jisameM unhoMne rAjA ko hI ekamAtra karttA, dharttA aura bharttA mAnA hai, tathApi mantripariSad kI anivAryatA ko asvIkRta nahIM kiyA hai| kauTilya kI taraha saMghadAsagaNI kI dRSTi se bhI mantrI ke vinA rAjA kA koI astitva nahIM, yaha spaSTa saMketita hai| sAtha hI, kathAkAra ne apanA yaha dRSTikoNa bhI upasthita kiyA hai ki mantrI hI rAjA kA aisA sahAyaka hai, jo vipatti ke samaya usakI rakSA karatA hai aura pramAda ke samaya usako sAvadhAna bhI karatA hai / isI prakAra ke tathya kA, arthAt rAjA ke lie choTe-bar3e sabhI kAryoM meM uttama mantriyoM kI sahAyatA lene kA prastavana 'manusmRti'

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 423 (7.31,55-56) aura 'yAjJavalkyasmRti' (rAjadharmaprakaraNa, 12) Adi smRtiyoM ke atirikta dharmazAstroM aura dharmasUtroM meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| amAtya mantrI ke hI samAnAntara nahIM the, apitu bauddhikatA aura kAryaprakAra kI dRSTi se donoM bhinnapadIya the / kauTilya ke anusAra, mantrI aura amAtya do alaga-alaga pada the / kauTilya ne kahA hai ki 'isa prakAra rAjA ko cAhie ki vaha yathocita guNa, deza, kAla aura kArya kI vyavasthA ko dekhakara sarvaguNasampanna vyaktiyoM ko amAtya banAye; kintu sahasA hI unako mantripada para niyukta na kare / ' apane 'arthazAstra' meM AcArya bharadvAja kA abhimata upasthita karate hue kauTilya ne likhA hai ki rAjA apane sahapAThiyoM ko amAtya pada para niyukta kare; kyoMki unake hRdaya kI pavitratA se vaha suparicita hotA hai; unakI kAryakSamatA ko vaha jAna cukA hotA hai / aise hI amAtya rAjA ke vizvAsapAtra hote haiN| isa vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki amAtya rAjA ke mitravat hote the, to mantrI usake rAjya - prazAsana ke niyantraka aura niyAmaka huA karate the / yadyapi, 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM budhasvAmI ne naravAhanadatta ke mitratulya amAtyoM ko bhI 'mantrI' zabda se hI saMjJita kiyA hai| rAjA udayana ne harizikha, gomukha, marubhUti aura tapantaka ko yuvarAja naravAhanadatta ke mantrI ke rUpa meM niyukta karate hue unheM nirdeza kiyA thA ki ve naravAhanadatta ko apanA prAtarvandanIya bharttA yA prabhu samajhakara nirantara usakI rakSA aura manovinoda meM tatpara rheN| naravAhanadatta ne apane ukta cAroM mantriyoM ko barAbara 'suhRd' zabda se vizeSita yA sambodhita kiyA hai| yadyapi, kauTilya dvArA nirdiSTa lakSaNoM ke anusAra, ukta cAroM mitra naravAhanadatta ke amAtya - tulya hI the / isase spaSTa hai ki budhasvAmI kI dRSTi meM mantrI aura amAtya samAnArthaka the / ukta sabhI mitra yuvarAja naravAhanadatta ke usI prakAra senApati bhI the, jisa prakAra zAstrajJa yaugandharAyaNa rAjA udayana kA mantrI bhI thA aura senApati bhI / 3 amAtya kA paryAya saciva bhI mAnA gayA hai / kAlidAsa ne bhI amAtya aura mantrI ko samAnArthaka hI mAnA hai| 'raghuvaMza' se sUcanA milatI hai ki amAtya yA mantrI ke putra yuvarAja ke samavayaska hote the : 'amAtyaputraiH savayobhiranvitaH' (3.28) / kintu, kauTilya ne amAtya aura mantrI ke lie jina sUkSma bhedaka rekhAoM kA aMkana kiyA hai, vaha upekSaNIya nahIM hai / kauTilya ke vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki mantrI aura amAtya do bhinna pada the aura amAtya kI apekSA mantrI kA pada bar3A thA / mantrI, mantripariSad kA sadasya bhI hotA thA aura rAjA ko sujhAva bhI de sakatA thA, jabaki amAtya mantrapariSad kA sadasya to hotA thA, kintu mantripada prApta karane 1. vibhajyAmAtyavibhavaM dezakAlau ca karma ca / amAtyAH sarva evaite kAryAH syurna tu mantriNaH // -- arthazAstra, amAtyaniyukti, adhikaraNa 1 adhyAya 7 2. arthazAstra : 1. 3.7 3. tathA harizikhaM rAjA mudAjJApitavAniti / yatra prasthApyate bharttA gantavyaM tatra nirvyatham // senApatizca mantrI ca bhavAnbhavatu sodyamaH // ( 7. 24-25) 4. kauTilya ke anusAra mantripariSad ke pramukha cAra sadasya hote the / zreSThatA ke anusAra inakA krama hai : mantrI, purohita, senApati aura yuvarAja / - arthazAstra : 1. 7.11.

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424 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kA adhikArI nahIM thaa| isa vivecana se yaha samIkRta niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki abhiSikta rAjA ko viziSTa mantraNA denevAle mantrI kahalAte the aura rAjA yA yubarAja ke kevala sahAyaka saMrakSaka samavayaska mitra prAya: amAtya yA amAtyaputra zabda se sambodhita hote the| Adhunika artha meM inheM 'aMgarakSaka' ('baoNDIgArDa') aura 'Aptasaciva' bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| "vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI mantriyoM ke atirikta amAtyaputroM, amAtyoM aura sacivoM kA ullekha huA hai| jaise : arcimAlI, pavanavega (saciva), Ananda yA nandana (amAtyaputra), jAmbavAn (amAtya), yazovanta (amAtya), mArIca (amAtya), vasumitra yA vasuputra (amAtya), siMhasena (amAtya), sucitta (amAtya), subuddhi (amAtya), suSeNa (amAtya), harizmazru (amAtya) aadi| kathAkAra dvArA citrita inake caritra-citraNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ye sabhI rAjA yA yuvarAja ke vibhinna kAryoM meM sahAyatA karate the| isa prakAra, ye AdezapAlaka-mAtra the| kathAkAra ne inheM kahIM saciva kahA hai, to kahIM amAtya / arcimAlI aura pavanavega rAjA azanivega ke saciva the, jo rAjA ke Adeza se vasudeva ko AkAzamArga se ur3A le Aye the ('rAiNo saMdeseNa sacivehiM pavaNavega-'ccimAlIhiM ANita tya', zyAmalIlambha : pR. 123) / isI prakAra, Ananda, jisakA dUsarA nAma nandana thA, kauzAmbI ke rAjA hariSeNa ke amAtya subuddhi kI patnI siMhalI kA putra thaa| subuddhi amAtya ne, rAjA ke kuSTha ho jAne para, usakI cikitsA ke lie, yavanadeza ke dUta ke nirdezAnusAra ghor3e ke bachar3e ko kATakara usake lahU meM rAjA ko DubAkara rakhA thA (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 39) / puna: kathAkAra ne hanumAn aura jAmbavAn ko sugrIva kA amAtya kahA hai| bAlI se parAjita sugrIva ne hanumAn aura jAmbavAn nAmaka apane amAtyoM ke sAtha jinAyatana meM zaraNa lI thI (madanavegAlambha : pR. 243) / kuberadatta ke ghara meM rahate samaya vasudeva ke pAsa prAta:kAla rAjA somadeva kA yazovanta nAmaka amAtya mahattarikAoM ke sAtha AyA thA aura unhoMne kuberadatta ke parijana ke sAtha milakara vasudeva ko dUlhe ke rUpa meM sajAyA thA (somazrIlambha : pR. 224) / mArIca bhI rAmaNa kA amAtya thA, jisane rAmaNa ke nirdezAnusAra ralajaTita mRga kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sItA ko lubhAyA thA (madanavegA. pR. 243) / candanapura nagara ke rAjA amogharipu ke vasumitra yA vasuputra aura susena (suSeNa) nAma ke do amAtya the, jo rAjA ke sabhI kAmoM ko nibaTAyA karate the ('vasumittasuo suseNo ya se amcco| te ya tassa raNNo savvakajjavaTTAvagA'; priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 293) / yahA~ prAkRta kI zabdAvalI kucha bhramAspada hai| vAkya ke pUrvAMza se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki suSeNa vasumitra kA putra thA; kintu uttarAMza meM bahuvacanAnta prayoga se aisA AbhAsita hotA hai ki vasumitra aura suSeNa ye do amAtya the| 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha saMketa prApta hotA hai ki amAtya rAjAoM kA abhibhAvakatva bhI karate the| rAjA puNDra (jo vastuta: puNDrA nAma kI bAlikA thI) ke oSadhi-prayoga dvArA kumArItva ke lakSaNa spaSTa hone para amAtya siMhasena ne hI usakA vasudeva ke sAtha pANigrahaNa karAyA thA (puNDrAlambha : pR. 213) / saMghadAsagaNI amAtya aura saciva ko samAnArthI mAnate the| potanapura ke rAjA ko amAtya sucitta Atmaparicaya ke krama meM apane ko saciva kahatA hai| sucitta dhArmika, prajAhitaiSI aura svAmibhakta thaa| ('esa poyaNAhivassa amacco sucitto nAmaM dhammio payAhio

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 425 sAbhimatto...; tato amacco paNao parikahei suNaha ahaM seyAhivassa vijayassa raNNo sahavaDio sacivo; bhadramitrA-satyarakSitAlambha : pR. 353) / 'sahavaDio' vizeSaNa se rAjA aura amAtya kI samavayaskatA siddha hotI hai aura yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki amAtya rAjA kA mitrasthAnIya hI hotA thaa| isI prakAra, vidyAdharoM ke rAjA azvagrIva kA vizvAsI amAtya harizmazru bhI thA, jo nAstikavAdI hone ke kAraNa dharmAbhimukha rAjA ko nirantara dehAtmavAditA kI ora prerita karatA rahatA thA (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 275) / isI prakAra, zAmba kA vizvasta mitra buddhisena bhI apane caritra se zAmba kA narmasaciva siddha hotA hai (pIThikA : pR. 104) / / __'vasudevahiNDI' ke uparyukta vivaraNoM se yaha samIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai ki tatkAlIna rAjya-prazAsana meM mantrI, amAtya aura saciva tInoM mahattvapUrNa pada the| sabakA apanA-apanA uttaradAyitva ba~TA huA thaa| mantrI sampUrNa rAjya kI prajAoM para par3anevAle prabhAva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara rAjA ko mantraNA detA thA; kintu amAtya aura saciva rAjA kI kevala vyaktigata hitacintA ke dAyitva-bodha se sampanna hote the| isI tathya ko, arthAt sampUrNa rAjya kI rakSA aura kevala rAjA kI surakSA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue kauTilya ne mantrI aura amAtya ke do alaga-alaga padoM kI sRSTi kA abhistAva kiyA hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita mantrI aura amAtya ke kartavyoM aura adhikAroM se yathokta kauTilya kI paramparA kA hI samarthana hotA hai| kahanA na hogA ki rAjya kI surakSA, saMghaTana aura samunnati kI dRSTi se mantriyoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| rAjA kI prazAsana-kSamatA kI siddhi mantriyoM kI yogyatA para nirbhara rahatI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke rAjAoM ke caritrAMkana se spaSTa hai ki mantriyoM kI sahAyatA aura mantraNA ke AdhAra para hI unhoMne jisa virAT sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kI thI, usakI zAsana-sattA niraMkuza thI, usake atula bala-vaibhava ke samakSa kisI ko bhI sira uThAne kA sAhasa nahIM thA, phira bhI usakI prazAsana nIti ke antarAla meM loka kalyANa kI eka vyApaka bhAvanA sannihita thI, jisakA ullaMghana tatkAlIna rAjAoM ne kabhI nahIM kiyA aura sambhavata: yahI eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa rahA hai ki una rAjAoM kI niraMkuza nIti meM prajAtantrAtmaka vicAroM kA AzcaryakArI samanvaya thaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, isI kauTilyAnumodita prazAsana-vyavasthA ke pariprekSya meM, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA pratipAdita rAjanayika prazAsana-vyavasthA ke vibhinna AyAmoM kA hRdayAvarjaka digdarzana upalabdha hotA hai| rAjyaprazAsana-vidhi : rAjyaprazAsana-vidhi ke antargata tatkAlIna rAjAoM aura rAjabhavanoM kI saMskRti kA varNana bhI apanA viziSTa mahattva aura mUlya rakhatA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya ke rAjAoM kI rAjyaprazAsana-vidhi meM hiMsA ke lie niSedhamUlaka abhayaghoSaNA (amAghAta) apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI thI, sAtha hI uttama zIla, vrata, satya, Arjava, dayA Adi rAjAoM ke ullekhanIya cAritrika guNa hote the| rAjAoM kI mAtAe~ bhI rAjya-prazAsana meM bhAga letI thiiN| kathA hai ki rAjA ralAyudha ne apane rAjya meM abhayaghoSaNA karAI thI aura vaha uttama zIla Adi vrata se sampanna hokara mA~ ke sAtha milakara rAjya kA prazAsana karatA thA ('ghosAvio ya rajje amAdhAo, uttamasIlavvayarao saha jaNaNIya rajjaM pasAsati'; bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 261) / usa kAla ke

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426 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA paramparAnusAra, rAjA antima samaya meM apane putra ko rAjya-saMcAlana kA bhAra sauMpakara pravajita ho jAte the| usa samaya, do pratipakSI rAjA yuddhabhUmi meM pArasparika pUrva-sambandha kA jJAna ho Ane yA maitrIbhAva ke udaya ho Ane kI sthiti meM, jaba milate the, taba zastra kA tyAga kara dete the| rohiNI ke svayaMvara ke samaya jaba vasudeva aura unake jyeSTha bhrAtA samudravijaya yuddhodyata hue the, tabhI donoM ko pArasparika sambandha kA jJAna ho AyA thA aura ve donoM zastrarahita hokara eka dUsare ke pAsa Aye the aura Apasa meM gale-gale mile the (rohiNIlambha : pR. 365) / tatkAlIna yuddha meM bandI zatruoM ko vijayI rAjA ke senApati ke jimme sauMpa diyA jAtA thaa| apane sasura abhagnasena kI ora se lar3ate hue vasudeva ne zvazura ke anuja meghasena ko bandI banAkara use vijayI sasura ke senApati ko sauMpa diyA thA (padmAlambha : pR. 203) / saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai ki usa yuga meM purohita kA rAjA para bar3A gaharA prabhAva rahatA thaa| cakravartI rAjA mahApadma kA purohita namuci nAma kA thaa| vaha eka bAra jaina sAdhuoM se zAstrArtha meM hAra gyaa| pratikriyAvaza usane rAjA ko phusalAkara usase rAjagaddI hathiyA lI aura zAstrArthajayI jaina sAdhuoM ko nirvAsita kara dene kI AjJA pracArita kI (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 128) / . tatkAlIna rAjya-prazAsana-vyavasthA meM isa niyama kA prAvadhAna thA ki yadi koI videza ke pravAsa se vApasa AtA thA, to vaha rAjA kI anumati se hI nagara meM praveza kara sakatA thaa| pravAsI cArudatta, vidyAdhara deva se prApta sampatti ke sAtha jaba campApurI lauTA, taba nagara ke bAhara khaccara, gadhe, U~Ta Adi (savArI ke sAdhana) bA~dha diye gaye aura vividha vastuoM tathA upaskaroM se ladI gAr3iyA~ ThaharA dI giiN| vidyAdhara deva dvArA sandiSTa campApurI kA rAjA bhinasAra meM hI apane katipaya parijanoM aura dIpavAhakoM (mazAlaciyoM) ke sAtha aayaa| cArudatta ne rAjA se apanA vRttAnta nivedita kiyA aura arghya se usakI abhyarthanA kii| usake bAda rAjA ne usase kahA : "itanI vipula sampatti aura kanyA gandharvadattA evaM dAsa-dAsI ke sAtha videza se tumhAre lauTane para rAjya vyavasthA kI dRSTi se mujhe koI parezAnI nahIM hai, balki maiM tumase apane ko sabala anubhava karatA huuN| tuma apane ghara meM praveza kro| maiM tumheM unmukti detA hU~ (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 154) / " usa samaya rAjA kA abhiSeka bar3e ThATa-bATa se hotA thaa| tIrthaMkara nAma-gotra ke rAjAoM kA abhiSeka to svayaM indra karate the| rAjA RSabhanAtha ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya lokapAla-sahita indra svayaM padhAre the aura unhoMne pahale to unheM abhiSikta kiyA, phira saba prakAra ke alaMkAroM se vibhUSita bhI kiyaa| RSabhanAtha ke prajAjana unake AdezAnusAra jaba padmasarovara se padmapatra meM jala lekara lauTe, taba unhoMne indra dvArA abhiSikta RSabhanAtha ko devoM se ghirA huA dekhaa| aisI sthiti meM, una prajAjanoM ne padmapatra ke jala ko bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM car3hA diyA aura sabhI milakara jaya-jayakAra karane lage (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 162) / prAcIna samaya meM, rAjA ke ratha para svIkRta cihna-vizeSa se aMkita dhvaja ke laharAne kI cirAcarita prathA rahI hai| vasudevahiNDIkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI rukmiNI ke kathAprasaMga meM kRSNa

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 427 ke ratha para garuDadhvaja (garuDa se aMkita dhvaja) aura baladeva ke ratha para tAladhvaja (tAlavRkSa se aMkita dhvaja) ke laharAte rahane kA ullekha kiyA hai (pIThikA : pR. 81) / saMghadAsagaNI ke anusAra, usa yuga meM sAdhu-saMgha ke Adeza-nirdeza ko rAjya-prazAsana kI ora se mAnyatA dI jAtI thI aura use vidhivat kAryAnvita kiyA jAtA thaa| parama tapasvI anagAradharmA viSNukumAra ne rAjA mahApadma ko prazAsana-kArya meM ayogya ghoSita kara use bandI banAne kA nirdeza usake putra ko diyA thA aura mahApadma ke purohita namuci ko, jo sAdhu-saMgha ko utpIr3ita karatA thA, jaba rAjya-zAsana kI ora se prANadaNDa kI AjJA milI, taba sAdhu-saMgha ne mRtyudaNDa rokakara use deza se nirvAsita karA diyA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 131) / ___ usa samaya rAjya-prazAsana kI ora se anAthastambha ('aNAhakhaMbha') sthApita rahatA thaa| vaha aisA stambha thA, jisake pAsa, satAye gaye vyakti apanI phariyAda ke lie A khar3e hote the| kathA hai ki zrAvastI ke rAjA jitazatru kA putra kumAra mRgadhvaja eka dina udyAna kI zobhA dekhakara nagara lauTa rahA thaa| usane vizvasta bhAva se vicaraNa karate hue bhadraka bhaiMse ko dekhA. bhaiMse ko dekhate hI use krodha ho aayaa| usane myAna se talavAra nikAlI aura eka hI vAra meM usakA eka paira kATa ddaalaa| krodha meM Akara jaba usane dubArA prahAra karanA cAhA, taba paira par3akara usake AdamiyoM ne use rokA : 'yuvarAja ! hamAre AdaraNIya mahArAja ne isa bhaiMse ko abhayadAna diyA hai, isIlie isakA vadha karanA ucita nahIM hai| ise chor3a deN|' mRgadhvaja ne bar3I kaThinAI se apanA krodha-saMvaraNa kiyaa| bhaisA bhI tIna pairoM se la~gar3Akara klezapUrvaka calatA huA anAthastambha ke pAsa A khar3A huaa| bhaiMse ko kaSTapUrNa sthiti meM dekha loga dayAdravita ho uThe aura hAhAkAra karane lge| kAraNa kA patA lagAkara rAjakIya adhikAriyoM ne prApta sUcanA ke sAtha rAjA jitazatru se nivedana kiyA : 'svAmI ! kumAra mRgadhvaja ke AdamiyoM dvArA bhaiMse kI abhayadAna-prApti ke bAre meM sUcita kiye jAne ke bAvajUda unhoMne talavAra ke vAra se bhaiMse kA eka paira kATa ddaalaa| tIna pairoM se calatA huA bhaiMsA anAthastambha ke pAsa A khar3A huA hai| isa viSaya meM nyAya ke lie svAmI hI pramANa haiN|' rAjakIya adhikAriyoM se vastusthiti jAnakara rAjA ne kumAra ke lie vadha kI AjJA dI (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 270) / saMghadAsagaNI ke anAthastambha kA paravartI samarthana prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa ke nyAyapriya rAjA jahA~gIra ke prazAsana-kAla se hotA hai| jahA~gIra ne apane mahala meM eka ghaNTA TaeNgavA rakhA thA, nyAya kA icchuka koI bhI vyakti, kisI bhI samaya use bajAkara nyAya kI mA~ga karatA thA aura jahA~gIra, usakI phariyAda kI sunavAI tatkSaNa karake apanA phaisalA sunA detA thaa| rAjabhavana meM bhogavilAsamUlaka zIzamahala ke prabandha kA ullekha paravartI kAlIna prAcIna bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya meM prAya: upalabdha hotA hai| kintu, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita darpaNagRha ('AyaMsaghara) tatkAlIna rAjAoM ke lie saMsAra-virakti kA bhI kAraNa banatA thaa| kathA hai ki eka bAra darpaNagRha meM jAkara zAntisvAmI ne pravrajyA lene kA saMkalpa kiyA (ketumatIlabhya : pR. 341) / isI prakAra kunthusvAmI bhI eka dina jaba darpaNagRha meM praviSTa hue, tabhI vahA~ unheM 1. dra. dhanapAla-kRta 'tilakamaMjarI' (11 vI zatI)

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA RddhiyoM kI anityatA kI cintA ho AI aura unhoMne prazastapariNAmI mArga ko svIkAra karane kA nizcaya kiyA (tatraiva : pR. 345) / yahA~ paramparAgata artha kI dRSTi se darpaNagRha meM virakti kA kAraNa hotA thA - apane kAnoM ke pAsa pake hue bAloM kA dikhAI par3anA / paravartI kAla meM gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne bhI rAjA dazaratha ke bAre meM likhA hai ki rAjA dazaratha ne svabhAvavaza darpaNa hAtha meM liyA aura usameM apanA mu~ha dekhakara mukuTa ko sIdhA kiyaa| tabhI unhoMne dekhA ki kAnoM ke pAsa bAla sapheda ho gaye haiM, aura mAnoM bur3hApA aisA upadeza kara rahA 'ho ki he rAjan ! zrIrAma ko yuvarAja-pada dekara apane jIvana aura janma ko suphala kyoM nahIM karate ?" kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI darpaNagRha meM utpanna virakti ke kAraNa, rAjAoM dvArA apane putra ko rAjya sauMpakara pravrajyA le lene kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai / 428 rAjakula : rAjya - prazAsana ke varNana ke krama meM saMghadAsagaNI ne rAjakula kA bhI bhavya citra aMkita kiyA hai| rAjakula antaHpura ke rAjadarabAra (dIvAne - khAsa) kA pratirUpa hotA thA / rAjakula ko rAjabhavana bhI kahA gayA hai| usakI Dyor3hI rAjadvAra kahalAtI thI / rAjadvAra para pahu~cane ke bAda rAjA ko sUcanA dekara hI rAjakula ke bhItara praveza kiyA jAtA thaa| rAjA jarAsandha ke puruSa (rAjabhaTa) vasudeva ko bandI banAkara jaba rAjadvAra para le gaye the, taba una rAjabhaToM ne dvArapAla se kahA thA ki rAjA ko vasudeva ke Ane kI sUcanA de dI jAya (vegavatIlambha: pR. 248 ) / rAjakula kI apanI maryAdA hotI thI, isalie vasudeva rAjabhaToM se jhagar3anA nahIM cAhate the ('na ya vivadAmi rAyaule, avassaM majjAyA asthi ti ; tatraiva) / rAjA rAjakula ke bhItarI bhAga meM rahatA thA, jahA~ usake lie siMhAsana sajA rahatA thA / mahala ke isa bhItarI bhAga ko abhyantaropasthAna (garbhagRha) kahA jAtA thA / abhyantaropasthAna meM vibhinna kAryoM ke sampAdana ke lie strI-pratihAriyoM kI niyukti kI jAtI thI, jinakI sahAyatA karanevAlI aneka dAsiyA~ rahatI thiiN| vasudeva jaba vaitADhya parvata sthita siMhadaMSTra ke rAjodyAna meM pahu~ce, taba pratihArI ne paricArikAoM ke sAtha milakara unheM pahale snAna karAyA, usake bAda ve unheM nagarapatha se hokara rAjabhavana meM le gaIM, jahA~ unakI arghya Adi se pUjA kI gii| taba unheM abhyantaropasthAna meM le jAyA gayA, jahA~ unhoMne rAjA siMhadaMSTra ko siMhAsana para virAjamAna dekhA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 179) / rAjakula meM abhyantaropasthAna ke sAtha hI bAhyopasthAna bhI hotA thA / ina donoM upasthAnoM ke lie alaga-alaga pratihAriyoM kI niyukti hotI thI / rAjA azanivega kI putrI zyAmalI ke lie niyukta, udyAna Adi meM sAtha denevAlI bAhya pratihArI kA nAma matakokilA thA aura nagara ke dvAra para kalahaMsI nAma kI pratihArI niyukta thI, jo paricArikAoM kI 1. rAya~ subhAya~ mukuru kara lInhA / badanu zravana samIpa bhae sita kesA | biloki mukuTa sama kInhA // manahu jaTharapana asa upadesA // nRpa jubarAju rAma kahu~ dehU / jIvana janama lAbha kina lehU // (rAmacaritamAnasa : ayo. 2. 3-4)

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 429 sahAyatA se vasudeva ko snAna karAkara rAjA azanivega ke abhyantaropasthAna meM le gaI thI (zyAmalIlambha : pR. 123) / rAjakula meM strI-pratihArI ke atirikta puruSa-pratihArI bhI hote the| kathAkAra ne cakravartI rAjA sanatkumAra ke rAjakula meM puruSa-pratihArI ke niyukta rahane kA ullekha kiyA hai (madanavegAlambha : pR. 223) / strI-pratihArI ke rUpa aura alaMkaraNa kA apanA vaiziSTya hotA thaa| pratihArI mattakokilA kA varNana kathAkAra ne vasudeva ke mukha se isa prakAra karAyA hai : 'vaha madhyama vaya kI thI aura sapheda bArIka rezama ke dukUla tathA uttarIya dhAraNa kiye hue thii|' (zyAma lIlambha : pR. 123) isI prakAra, vasudeva jaba sArthavAha kuberadatta ke bhavana ke dvAra para ratha se utare, taba unhoMne vahA~ strI-pratihArI ko dekhA, jo kImatI kapar3oM aura gahanoM se sajI sAkSAt gRhadevI jaisI pratIta ho rahI thii| vaha pAdukA dhAraNa kiye hue thI aura usake hAtha meM svarNajaTita daNDa thA, jisase vaha kutUhalI logoM kI bhIr3a para niyantraNa kara rahI thI (somazrIlambha : pR. 222) / ___ paramparAgata rUpa se pratihArI ke atirikta kaMcukI kI bhI niyukti rAjakula meM kI jAtI thii| kaMcukI puruSa hote hue bhI rAnI ke pArzvacaroM meM sammilita thaa| vaha janAnI Dyor3hI kA dvArapAla aura anta:pura kA sevaka bhI hotA thaa| isIlie, use nATyAcAryoM ne 'sarvakAryArthakuzala:' kI saMjJA dI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM eka sthala para anta:pura ke sevaka ke rUpa meM hI kaMcukI kA ullekha huA hai| abhagnasena kA bhAI meghasena aura anta:pura meM sthita vasudeva ke paraspara milana ke pUrva kaMcukI bhejakara vasudeva se anumati lI gaI thI (azvasenAlambha : pR. 207) / rAjakula meM, ubaTana (varNaka) lagAnevAlI tathA mAliza aura snAna karAnevAlI dAsiyA~ to niyukta rahatI hI thIM, pratyeka rAjA kI paricaryA meM vyaktigata dhAtrI kA bhI niyojana hotA thA (zyAmAvijayAlambha : pR. 119) / vasudeva jaba kuberadatta sArthavAha ke bhavana ke bhItara gaye, taba sArthavAha ke parijanoM ne unakA abhinandana kiyaa| vahA~ Asana para sukhapUrvaka baiThane ke bAda kuzala saMvAhikAoM ne vasudeva ke zarIra para 'zatapAka taila' cupar3akara unakI mAliza kI aura maMgala kalaza se unheM snAna karAyA (somazrIlambha : pR. 222) / saMghadAsagaNI ne rAjakula-varNana ke prasaMga meM, antaHpura kA bhI manorama aMkana kiyA hai| anta:pura meM bhI rAjakanyAoM kA anta:pura alaga hotA thA aura rAniyoM kA alg| kanyA ke anta:pura meM niyukta mahAdvArapAla gaMgarakSita kI kanyAoM dvArA kI jAnevAlI durdazA kA rocaka varNana kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| kathA hai ki rAjA eNikaputra dvArA jaba gaMgarakSita ko usake pitA gaMgapAlita kI jagaha mahAdvArapAla niyukta kara diyA gayA, taba eka dina dopahara ke bAda eka dAsI utpalamAlA patharI meM bhAta aura dAhine hAtha meM eka maliyA liye hue AI aura kutte ko AvAja dene ke tarIke se use bulAne lgii| gaMgarakSita dAsI ke pAsa gayA aura krodhAviSTa hokara usase bolA : yaha maliyA maiM tumhAre mAthe para phodduuNgaa| usake bAda usane dAsI ko aneka prakAra se khedita aura lajjita kiyaa| isa ghaTanA ko rAjA ne choTI khir3akI kI jAlI se chipakara dekha liyaa| usake bAda dAsI ne eka gAthA ke dvArA gaMgarakSita ko upadeza kiyA: 'are paNDita ! isa bhAta ko lekara tuma kutte ko do athavA pheMka do| lekina, itanA khayAla rakho ki rAjakula meM eka bAra jo A jAtA hai, usakA phira chuTakArA nahIM hai|' tabhI gaMgarakSita socane lagA ki usake pitA ne dvArapAla kA bar3A duSkara kArya kiyA thaa| isa prakAra usakA samaya bItane lgaa|

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430 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA eka dina utpalamAlA gaMgarakSita ko ulAhanA dene lgii| taba gaMgarakSita ne 'tumane AcAra kA ullaMghana kiyA hai, aisA kahakara use aisA bolane se manA kiyaa| taba dAsI bolI : 'tuma mRtyu ke nikaTa cale gaye ho|' tabhI rAjakula kA atizaya vizvasta aura gaMgarakSitta kA bAlasakhA markaTaka gaMgarakSita ke pAsa AyA aura bolA : 'o mitra ! tumane rAjA ko santuSTa kara liyA hai| jisa samaya utpalamAlA ekAnta meM aMgaceSTA kA pradarzana karate hue tuma para praNayAghAta kara rahI thI, usa samaya rAjA mahala kI khir3akI se dekha rahe the| unhoMne tumheM apane pAsa bulAyA hai|' gaMgarakSita markaTaka ke sAtha rAjA ke pAsa gayA aura unheM praNAma karake thor3I dUra para khar3A rhaa| rAjA ne usakA satkAra kiyA aura usake AcaraNa se vizvasta hokara use kanyA ke antaHpura kI vyavasthA meM niyukta kara diyaa| eka dina gaMgarakSita priyaMgusundarI ke ghara gyaa| usa samaya priyaMgusundarI kA pUrvAhna bhojana kA samaya thaa| usane usase bhojana karane kA Agraha kiyaa| tabhI dAsiyA~ gaMgarakSita ko vyaMgya-bANoM se bedhane lgiiN| dAsiyA~ cAroM ora se use kahane lagI ki yaha acetana ( = mUrkha) hai, aura phira ha~sI ke sAtha unhoMne use hAtha pakar3akara baiThA diyaa| usake bAda ve usake pAsa bhojana-sAmagrI le aaiiN| usI samaya kaumudikA nAma kI dAsI ne vyaMgya karate hue usase kahA : 'hama Apa jaise paNDita ko bhojana karate dekhanA cAhatI haiM, tAki hama bhI bhojana karane kI vidhi sIkha skeN|' samRddha rIti se bhojana karane kI bAta socakara vaha sabhI bhojana-sAmagrI ko eka sAtha milAkara bila ke samAna apane mu~ha meM kaura DAlane lgaa| taba dAsiyA~ kahakahe lagAtI huI bolI : 'oha ! vezyAlaya meM rahakara isane paramparAgata rIti ko acchI taraha jAna liyA hai|' ___ dAsiyoM dvArA kI jAnevAlI gaMgarakSita kI durdazA kI yahIM itizrI nahIM huii| jaba vaha priyaMgusundarI ke ghara se vApasa A rahA thA, tabhI una dAsiyoM ne 'tumhArI bhujAlI (bar3I churI) dekhU' kahakara usakI bhujAlI le lI aura eka ne to usakI talavAra bhI chIna lii| phira ve bolI : 'jahA~ beMta kI chaDI paryApta hai vahA~ anya hathiyAroM kI kyA jarUrata?' taba gaMgarakSita ne una dAsiyoM ko samajhAyA : 'sundariyo ! trivarga (dharma, artha aura kAma) ke sambandha meM tIna prakAra ke puruSa vicAraNIya hote haiN| jaise: uttama, madhyama aura adhama / inameM adhama ke lie zastradhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| uttama puruSa to A~kha se dekhe jAne para hI aparAdha-karma se nivRtta ho jAtA hai| madhyama koTi kA puruSa kahane yA manA karane se ruka jAtA hai; kintu adhama koTi kA puruSa to vinA prahAra kiye aparAdha-karma nahIM chodd'taa| anta meM usake lie hathiyAra kI jarUrata par3atI hai|' yaha kahakara gaMgarakSita ne eka gAthA meM apanI bAta ko sameTA ki isa prakAra trivarga kI dRSTi se puruSa tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : zatra, mitra aura madhyastha / isake bAda sandariyoM ne gaMgarakSita se kahA : 'mitra aura zatru kI vizeSatA hameM btaao|' usane kahA : 'mitra hitakArI hotA hai aura zatru ahitakArI / jo na hitakArI hotA hai, na hI ahitakArI, vaha madhyastha hotA hai|' sundariyoM ne puna: prazna kiyA: 'ina tIna prakAra ke puruSoM meM tuma hamArI svAminI ke lie kauna ho ?' 'maiM to svAminI kA dAsa huuN|' gaMgarakSita ne uttara diyaa| taba dAsiyoM ne use phaTakArA : "are ! tuma to pralApa karate ho| tumane puruSa to tIna prakAra ke batalAye, phira cauthA 'dAsa' kahA~ se ho gaye?" gaMgarakSita bar3e cakkara meM par3a gyaa| bahuta dera taka socane ke bAda bolA : 'maiM svAminI kA mitra huuN|' taba ve ha~satI huI bolI : 'mitra kyA hita hI karatA hai

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 431 yA dUsarA kucha apriya bhI?' gaMgarakSita bolA: "mitra apanA prANa dekara bhI hita karatA hai|' taba dAsiyoM ne usakA sira pakar3a liyA aura kahA : 'yadi tuma svAminI kA mitra ho, to unake lie apanA sira de do|' 'le lo', usane khaa| taba ve bolIM: 'hamAre lie yaha varadAna tumhAre pAsa surakSita rhaa| kAma par3ane para le liyA jaaygaa|' ___ eka dina kaumudikA ne to gaMgarakSita ko bhArI parezAnI meM DAla diyaa| vaha priyaMgusundarI kA hAra usake ghara meM rakha AI aura isa prakAra usane hAra curAne ke abhiyoga meM use rAjA se daNDa dilavAne kA SaDyantra kiyaa| vivaza hokara gaMgarakSita priyaMgusundarI ke pairoM para girakara gir3agir3Ane lagA : 'svAminI ! prasanna hoM, Apa hAra yahA~ ma~gavA leM, tabhI maiM samajhUgA ki Apane mujhe jIvanadAna diyaa|' taba priyaMgusundarI se use Azvasta kiyaa| eka dina kinnarI nAma kI dAsI AI aura gaMgarakSita ko ulAhanA dene lgii| kabhI vaha use gAlI bhI detI aura usakA majAka bhI udd'aatii| gaMgarakSita ko krodha ho aayaa| vaha beMta hAtha meM lekara use mArane daur3A, to vaha bhAgatI huI ghara (kanyA ke antaHpura) meM jA ghusii| vaha bhI usake pIche-pIche gyaa| taba usane usase kahA : 'yaha jagaha kauna-sI hai, pahale ise jAna lo, tabhI merA sparza krnaa|' usakI isa bAta se Darakara gaMgarakSita pIche lauTa aayaa| dAsiyoM ko patA thA kiM priyaMgusundarI vasudeva ko cAhatI hai| ataeva, unhoMne gaMgarakSita se Agraha kiyA ki vaha vasudeva ko cupake se kanyAoM ke antaHpura meM le aaye| gaMgarakSita ne azokavanikA meM jAkara, vahA~ Thahare hue vasudeva se nivedana kiyaa| vasudeva ne socA : akulocita, adharmamUlaka, apayazakAraka tathA jIvana ke lie sandehajanaka hone ke kAraNa parastrI-gamana ucita nahIM hai| phira, rAjakanyA ke sAtha samAgama to kabhI sukhada sambhava nhiiN| taba, gaMgarakSita priyaMgusundarI ko azokavanikA ke nAgaghara meM le aayaa| vasudeva vahIM priyaMgusundarI ke sAtha gandharva-vivAha karake usake sAtha ramaNa karane lage aura gaMgarakSita nAgaghara ke dvAra kI rakhavAlI karane lgaa| puna: gaMgarakSita ne vasudeva ko mahilA kA veza dhAraNa karAyA aura pAlakI meM baiThAkara unheM vaha kanyA ke anta:pura meM le aayaa| vahA~ vasudeva devaloka ke anurUpa sukhabhoga karane lge| ___ jaba gaMgarakSita ne priyaMgusundarI se vasudeva ko antaHpura se bAhara le jAne kI AjJA mA~gI, taba priyaMgundarI ne usase eka saptAha ke lie vasudeva ko anta:pura meM hI rakhane kA Agraha kiyaa| eka saptAha bItane para vasudeva ne bhI eka saptAha maaNgaa| dUsarA saptAha bItane para kaumudikA gaMgarakSita ko phaTakAratI huI bolI: 'kyA hama dAsiyoM se tumheM jUte khAne kA mana hai ? agara ina donoM ko eka-eka saptAha rahane kI anumati dI hai, to hameM bhI do|' isa prakAra, kanyA ke antaHpura meM pracchanna rUpa se rahate hue vasudeva ke ikkIsa dina kSaNa ke samAna bIta gye| __bAIsaveM dina, bhaya se sUkhe hoMTha-kaMNTha liye gaMgarakSita anta:pura meM AyA aura vasudeva se kahane lagA : 'svAmI / anta:puravAsI amAtya, dAsI, bhRtyavarga aura nagara ke sarvasAdhAraNa jana meM yaha bAta khula gaI hai ki kanyA ke anta:pura meM koI durjana ghUma rahA hai| isake atirikta, mAlAkAra bhI yahI bola rahe haiM aura gandhika (itrapharoza) bhI gAliyA~ de rahe haiN|' taba, kaumudikA ne dRr3ha bhAva se kahA : 'agara tamAma zahara meM, antaHpura meM durjana-praveza kI bAta phaila gaI hai, to kyA huA, svAmipAda to yahA~ rahate hI haiN|' gaMgarakSita ke dIna-karuNa cehare ko dekhakara vasudeva ne usase

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432 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kahA : 'mata ddro| jAo, rAjA se kaho ki AryA devI ne jo bhaviSya-bhASaNa kiyA thA, tadanusAra kanyA (priyaMgusundarI) kA pati anta:pura meM A gayA hai|' gaMgarakSita calA gyaa| kucha hI kSaNoM ke bAda kilakAriyA~ bharatI kaumudikA aaii| rAjA eNikaputra se sammAnita gaMgarakSita bhI aayaa| usane rAjA se prItidAna meM prApta kar3e apanI bhujAoM meM pahana rakhe the| vaha vasudeva ke pairoM para girakara santuSTa bhAva se uTha khar3A huA aura bolA : 'kanyA ke pati ke anta:pura meM padhArane kI bAta kahate hI rAjA ne sammAnita karate hue merA AliMgana kiyA !' (dra. priyaMgusundarIlambha) isa prakAra, kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne AryA devI kI bhaviSya-vANI kI yukti upasthita kara anta:pura ke uparivarNita rati-rahasya ko svIkRtyAtmaka sAmAjika mUlya dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai aura antaHpura ke isa romAMsa kI aucitya-siddhi kI bhI ceSTA kI hai| kintu, isa kathA se tatkAlIna rAjakula ke anta:puroM meM calanevAle pracchanna raMga-rabhasa kA bhI spaSTa saMketa huA hai| isake atirikta, kanyA ke anta:pura ke nirIkSaka ke sAtha ratiprauDhA dAsiyoM kI cher3akhAnI aura unakI pragalbhatA tathA caturAI evaM narmakrIr3A-pravaNatA kA jaisA uttejaka aura yaunoSmA se uddIpta, sAtha hI hRdayahara evaM nItigarbha citraNa kiyA gayA hai, vaisA anyatra durlabha hI hai| ukta rasocchala kathAprasaMga meM saMghadAsagaNI ne anta:pura kI sAmAjika saMskRti kA sAtizaya prANavanta pratibimbana kiyA hai| kathA se spaSTa hai ki usa samaya dvArapAla apane kartavya ke pAlana ke samaya bhujAlI, talavAra aura beMta eka sAtha dhAraNa karatA thaa| rAjA svayaM apanI A~khoM parIkSA karake, caritravAn vyakti ko hI kanyA ke anta:pura meM nirIkSaka niyukta karatA thaa| phira bhI, kanyAe~ nirIkSaka ko, apane svabhAvaja mAyAguNoM se yathAyojita ratyAtmaka SaDyantra meM sahAyaka banane ko vivaza kara detI thii| antaHpura meM nirIkSaka ke atirikta aneka amAtya aura bhRtyavarga bhI rahate the| rAjakanyA kI sahAyaka sakhiyA~ yadyapi dAsiyA~ kahalAtI thIM, tathApi ve prAya: narmadUtI kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha karatI thiiN| inake atirikta bhI aneka dAsiyA~ hotI thIM, jo sahI mAnI meM sevikA kA kartavya nibAhatI thiiN| isI prakAra, rAjakula meM rAniyoM kA antaHpura bhI bar3A rahasyamaya hotA thA aura vahA~ sabhI rAniyoM meM sapatnI-bhAva kI prabalatA rahatI thI aura sabhI sapaliyA~ milakara pradhAna mahiSI yA paTarAnI ko utpIDita karane kA SaDyantra racatI thiiN| bandI banAI gaI yA yuddha meM hathiyAI gaI striyoM ko rAjA apane anta:pura meM hI rakha letA thaa| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita aise rAjAoM meM kAladaNDa (dhammillacarita : pR. 60) aura kAkajaMgha (tatraiva : pR. 63) evaM unake anta:puroM kA ullekhanIya mahattva hai| ___ saMghadAsagaNI ne lambI dAr3hIvAle atikrAntavaya jamadagni RSi kI carcA kI hai| vaha kanyA kI bhikSA mA~gate hue indrapura ke rAjA jitazatru ke rAjabhavana meM aaye| rAjA ne mantriyoM se vicAra-vimarza karake yaha nizcaya kiyA ki isa vRddha RSi ko vivAha se vimukha kara denA caahie| rAjA ke nirNaya kI sUcanA milate hI jamadagni svayaM kanyA ke anta:pura meM cale gaye aura vahA~ unhoMne kanyAoM se pasanda karane kA Agraha kiyaa| kanyAoM ne bUr3he jamadagni ko dutakAra kara bhagA diyA, jisase ve ruSTa ho gaye aura kanyAoM ko kubar3I ho jAne kA abhizApa de diyA (madana vegAlambha : pR. 237) / isa kathA se spaSTa hai ki RSiyoM kA, kanyAoM ke anta:pura meM bhI abAdha praveza thA aura sampUrNa rAjabhavana unakI tapa:zakti se AtaMkita rahatA thaa|

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 433 anta:pura meM kabUtara pAle jAne kI prathA kA saMketa 'vasudevahiNDI' se milatA hai| kathA hai ki putraprApti kA AkAMkSI rAjA puNDra eka dina apane antaHpura meM gyaa| usane dekhA ki rAnI, apane baccoM ko dAnA cugAte hue pArAvata-mithuna ko ekaTaka dekha rahI hai| rAjA ne rAnI se pUchA : 'kyA dekha rahI ho?' rAnI bolI : 'svAmI ! kRSNAgurudhUpa kI taraha zyAmavarNa, lAla-lAla paira aura A~khoMvAle kabUtaroM ko to dekhie, jo apanI bhUkha kI paravAha na karate hue, putrasnehavaza apanI coMca se dAnA cugakara baccoM ke mu~ha meM DAla rahe haiM' (raktavatIlambha : pR. 216) / isase spaSTa hai ki ukta prakAra ke sahaja sandara kabatara rAjabhavana kI zobhA bar3hAnevAle hote te / isIlie kathAkAra ne rAjamahala ke kaMgUre yA gumbada para baiThe hue kabUtaroM ke jhuNDa kA bimbAtmaka varNana kiyA hai (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 268) / ___ rAniyoM ke anta:pura meM saMnyAsiyoM ke nirbAdha praveza ke kAraNa bhI kabhI-kabhI anarthakArI ghaTanAe~ ho jAtI thiiN| kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki vasantapura kA rAjA jitazatru parivrAjakoM kA bar3A bhakta thaa| isalie, usane apane anta:pura meM unake Ane-jAne kI khulI chUTa de rakhI thii| eka dina zUrasena nAma ke parivrAjaka ne jitazatru kI rAnI indrasenA ko hI, jo rAjA jarAsandha kI beTI thI, apane vidyAbala se vaza meM kara liyaa| rAjA ko isakI sUcanA milane para usane parivrAjaka kA vadha karavA diyA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 348) / isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne tatkAlIna rAjakula aura usake rAjya prazAsana kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha apane-Apa meM vividha aura vicitra hai| isa yuga meM rAjakula se sambaddha loga jahA~ rAjapUjA se garvAnvita hote the yA rAjA kI ora se prApta honevAle sammAna se kRtArtha hote the, vahIM unapara nirantara vadha aura bandhana ke kAladUta ma~DarAte rahate the| anugraha aura nigraha kA kArya samAnAntara rUpa se calatA thaa| sadatti se sampanna logoM kI jahA~ tato'dhika pUjA kI jAtI thI, vahIM asaMhRttivAle logoM ko kaThora-se-kaThora daNDa dene meM bhI rAjA hicakate nahIM the| prAya: sabhI rAjA kalAkuzala aura nItizAstrajJa hote the| dUtoM aura guptacaroM kA usa yuga ke rAjya prazAsana meM bahuta adhika mahattva thaa| nItikAroM ne kahA bhI hai ki guptacara hI rAjA ke netra hote haiN| rAjA guptacara kI A~khoM se hI dekhatA hai| apanI A~khoM se to sAmAnya manuSya dekhate haiM: 'cAraiH pazyanti rAjAnacakSuAmitare jnaaH|' rAjadhAnI ke asAmAjika tattvoM yA rAjyaviplavakArI ghaTanAoM ke prati guptacaroM kI dRSTi bahuta satarka rahatI thI aura do rAjAoM ke paraspara yuddha ke samaya dUtoM kA uttaradAyitva adhika bar3ha jAtA thaa| isa sandarbha meM kathAkAra dvArA varNita caNDasiMha ( bandhumatIlambha : pR. 276; ketumatIlambha : pR. 311), Dimbhaka zarmA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 349; prabhAvatIlambha : 350), marIci (ketumatIlambha : pR. 311; 319), mizrakapAda (prabhAvatIlambha : pR. 350) Adi dUtoM ke nAma aura kArya vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| vidhi-vyavasthA: aparAdha aura daNDaH saMghadAsagaNI ne tatkAlIna rAjakuloM kI rAjya-prazAsana-nIti ke krama meM hI vidhi-vyavasthA kA vizada varNana upanyasta kiyA hai aura isa vidhi-vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM hI usa yuga meM honevAle

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434 vasadevahiNDI:bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bahatkathA aparAdhoM aura unake lie vihita daNDavidhAna kA bhI pracura ullekha kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vidhi-vyavasthA mAnavikI ke vibhinna viSayoM se jur3I huI hai| tatkAlIna nyAyabhAvanA meM bhI vyApaka mAnava-hita kA pratibimbana hotA hai, jo tattvata: mAnava-saMskRti se hI antaHsambaddha hai| nyAya kA sambandha anAdikAla se hI manuSya kI bhAvanAoM aura usake bAhya AcaraNoM ke sAtha rahA hai| prasiddha vidhivettA paM. satIzacandra mizra ne kahA hai ki manuSya kI naisargika svArthaparatA aura ahambhAva ke kAraNa eka ke dUsare ke sAtha saMgharSa kI sthiti meM A jAne kI AzaMkA satata banI rahatI hai, jisameM sAmAjika jIvana meM uthala-puthala hone yA usake chinna-bhinna ho jAne kA bIja nihita rahatA hai| isa paristhiti se bacAva ke lie manuSya ke mana meM jo bhAva utpanna hote haiM aura jo sAmAnyata: eka dUsare ko mAnya hote haiM, unheM hI nyAyabhAvanA ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| rAjatantrAtmaka zAsana-praNAlI meM bhI mAnava-samAja ke saMrakSaNa aura paricAlana meM nyAyabhAvanA barAbara kriyAzIla rahI hai| prakriyAmUlaka vidhiyoM meM mukadamA aura sAkSya-vidhi ('laoN oNva iviDeMsa') kA ullekhanIya mahattva hotA hai| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne ina donoM nyAya-prakriyAoM kA bhI vizada varNana kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM ullikhita gAr3IvAna kI kathA (dhammillacaritaH pR. 57) draSTavya hai| kathA hai ki kahIM koI ga~vAra gAr3IvAna rahatA thaa| eka dina vaha gAr3I meM dhAna bharakara aura piMjare meM eka tItara lekara zahara gyaa| vahA~ gandhikaputra ne pUchA : 'gAr3I-tItara kitane meM becoge?' gAr3IvAna ne kahA : 'eka kArSApaNa meM / ' gandhikaputra ne eka kArSApaNa diyA aura tItara-sameta gAr3I lekara cala pdd'aa| 'gAr3I kyoM le jA rahe ho?' gAr3IvAna ne ttokaa| gandhikaputra ne uttara diyA : 'maiMne mUlya dekara kharIdA hai|' isa bAta para donoM meM jhagar3A ho gayA aura mukadamebAjI bhI ho gii| gAr3IvAna gandhikaputra ke vAkcAturya yA vAkchala (gAr3I-tItara, yAnI gAr3I-sameta tItara) ko nahIM samajha pAne ke kAraNa svayaM cUka gayA thA, isalie vaha mukadame meM bhI hAra gayA aura gandhikaputra gAr3I-sameta tItara le gyaa| kintu, kulaputra dvArA pradarzita upAya se gAr3IvAna kI gAr3I lauTa aaii| kathA hai ki gAr3IvAna kI gAr3I jaba china gaI, taba vaha khAlI baila ko sAtha liye rotA-cillAtA calA jA rahA thaa| kulaputra ke pUchane para usane apane Thage jAne kI bAta khii| dayArdra hokara kulaputra ne use upAya batA diyaa| vaha gandhikaputra ke ghara jAkara usase bolA : "tumane yadi merI mAla-ladI gAr3I le lI, to baila bhI le lo aura badale meM mujhe saktu-dvipAlikA (sAmAnya arthaH do pailI satta; zleSaH sattU-sahita do pairoMvAlI strI) de do| maiM jisa kisI ke hAtha se nahIM luuNgaa| sabhI alaMkAroM se bhUSita tumhArI pyArI palI jaba degI, tabhI mujhe parama santoSa hogaa|" gAr3IvAna aura gandhikaputra dvArA Amantrita sAkSI ke samakSa gandhikaputra kI patnI do pailI sattU dene aaii| gAr3IvAna sattU ke sAtha usakI patnI ko bhI hAtha pakar3akara le claa| 'aisA kyoM karate ho?' gandhikaputra ne TokA, to usane kahA ki 'saktu-dvipAlikA' le jA rahA huuN| anta meM mukadamA huA aura gAr3IvAna ke vAkchala ko na samajha pAne ke kAraNa gandhikaputra se jo cUka ho gaI thI, usake kAraNa vaha bhI mukadame meM hAra gyaa| anta meM, bar3I kaThinAI se donoM meM samajhautA huaa| gAr3IvAna ne gandhikaputra kI palI chor3a dI aura gandhikaputra ne gAr3IvAna ko gAr3I lauTA dii| 1.dra . vidhivijJAna kA svarUpa', pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA : pR.6

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 435 teIsaveM bhadramitrA-satyarakSitAlambha (pR. 353-354) meM, dhana ke uttarAdhikAra ke sambandha meM eka rocaka vAda-nirNaya kA ullekha kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| kathA hai ki potanapura ke eka sArthavAha ke do paliyA~ thIM aura eka putra thaa| sArthavAha kisI kAraNavaza mara gyaa| usakI donoM paliyoM meM dhana ke nimitta jhagar3A ho gyaa| donoM hI apane ko usa putra kI apanI mA~ ghoSita kara rahI thiiN| donoM jhagar3atI huI rAjadarabAra meM phuNcii| rAjA ne apane mantrI sucitta se donoM striyoM ke ApasI kalaha kI vastusthiti kA patA lagAne ke lie Adeza diyaa| mantrI ne katipaya vyApAriyoM ke samakSa donoM striyoM se pUchA ki Apa donoM kA koI aisA vyakti hai, jo putra ke janma ke viSaya meM jAnatA ho| donoM meM koI bhI putrajanma kA sAkSI nahIM upasthita kara sakI, jo yaha batA sake ki amuka strI ne putra ko janma diyA hai| lar3ake ne bhI apanI vAstavika mA~ ke bAre meM anabhijJatA vyakta kii| usane kahA ki sneha ke kAraNa maiM donoM ko mA~ kahatA huuN| isa uttara se mantrI kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho gayA aura 'acchA to vicAra karU~gA', kahakara unheM vidA kara diyaa| ___kucha dinoM ke bAda ve donoM puna: rAjadarabAra meM upasthita huIM / rAjA ko jaba isakI sUcanA milI, taba vaha ruSTa ho uThA aura mantrI se bolA : "tumane sAmantoM ke bIca mujhe halakA kara diyA hai| aisA bhI mantrI kyA, jo bahuta dinoM ke bAda bhI vivAda ko nibaTAne meM asamartha hai| to, vinA isa vivAda ko nibaTAye tuma mujhe apanA mu~ha mata dikhaanaa|' mantrI ne socA : rAjA aprasanna hone para yama aura prasanna hone para kubera ke samAna hotA hai ('jama-kubera-sarisA rAyANo kope pasAde ya; ttraiv)| isake bAda vaha (mantrI) bhaya se godAvarI nadI ke taTavartI Azrama meM calA gayA aura vahIM gupta rUpa se rahane lgaa| __ ghUmate hue vasudeva saMyoga se usa Azrama meM phuNce| vahA~ rAta meM unakI bheMTa mantrI sucitta se ho gii| mantrI ne apanI samasyA unake sAmane rakhI aura vasudeva ne usake samAdhAna kA bIr3A uThA liyaa| ve mantrI ke sAtha potanapura aaye| subaha hone para vasudeva bAhyopasthAna (dIvAnakhAnA, jahA~ rAjA mantriyoM ke sAtha baiThakara mukadamoM kA phaisalA karatA thA) meM padhAre / vahA~ katipaya vyApArI upasthita hue aura sArthavAha kI donoM paliyA~ bhI apane putra ke sAtha hAjira huiiN| unhoMne vasudeva ko praNAma kiyaa| usake bAda vasudeva ne mukadame ke phaisale ke lie una donoM striyoM se pUchatAcha kii| usake bAda unhoMne ArA calAnevAloM ko bulavAyA aura unase gupta rUpa se kahA : 'aisA karanA ki bacce ko takalIpha na ho, lekina tIvra bhaya kA pradarzana krnaa|' unhoMne vaisA hI karanA svIkAra kara liyaa| usake bAda vasudeva mahArgha Asana para baiThe aura sArthavAha kI donoM paliyoM se kahA : 'vivAda karanA vyartha hai| tuma donoM striyA~ dhana ko Apasa meM barAbara-barAbara bA~Ta lo|' unameM eka ne svIkAra kara liyA ki aisA hI ho| lekina, dUsarI mUr3ha strI ne kucha bhI uttara nahIM diyaa| taba vasudeva ke nirdezAnusAra ArAkazoM ne lar3ake ko yantra meM jakar3a diyA aura usake mAthe para dhAge se nizAna banAkara Are ko rkhaa| taba vasudeva ne unase kahA : dhAge ke cihna kA atikramaNa kiye binA lar3ake ko ciiro| taba vaha bAlaka mRtyubhaya se ghabar3Akara rone lgaa| lar3ake ko usa sthiti meM dekhakara dhanalAbha kI icchAvAlI eka strI ko paraputra ke vadha kA koI duHkha nahIM huA, varan usakA mukha sUrya kI kiraNoM se khile kamala kI bhA~ti vikasita ho utthaa| kintu dUsarI strI kA hRdaya

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436 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA putravadha ke duHkha se kA~pa utthaa| vaha viSAda-vihvala kaNTha se bolI : 'yaha merA putra na sahI, usI (sapatnI) kA ho| isa (putra) kA vinAza nahIM caahtii|' vasudeva ne ArAkazoM ke hAtha roka diye / isake bAda vasudeva ne mantrI - sahita sabhAsadoM se apane nirNaya meM kahA : 'ApalogoM ne dekhA, ina donoM striyoM meM eka ne dhana kI AkAMkSA vyakta kI, putra kI paravAha nahIM kii| para, dUsarI ne dhana tyAga diyA, putra ko caahaa| to, jisane bAlaka ke prati dayA dikhAI, vahI bAlaka kI vAstavika mA~ hai, isameM sandeha nahIM / aura, jo nirdaya strI hai, vaha mA~ nahIM hai|' vasudeva kA phaisalA sunakara sabane unako zirasA praNAma kiyaa| isa kathA meM kisI ulajhana bhare mukadame ko upasthitabuddhi yA yukticAturI se nibaTAne kA rocaka varNana to hai hI, sAtha hI isase prAcIna rAjakula ke prazAsana-tantra ke kaI mahattvapUrNa aMgoM kI bhI sUcanA milatI hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne vyavahAra (mukadamA)- sambandhI aura bhI kaI kathAprasaMgoM (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 181; ketumatIlambha : pR. 320 Adi) kI avatAraNA kI hai, jinase tatkAlIna prAcIna nyAya- prakriyA kA prAtinidhika AdarzodbhAvana hotA hai, sAtha hI vidhizAstra meM bhI kathAkAra kI pAragAmitA kI sUcanA milatI hai| 'vyavahAra' zabda Adhunika vidhivijJAna meM vidhi yA kAnUna (laoN) ke artha meM pracalita hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne use mukadamA (vAda) aura kAnUnI phaisalA- donoM arthoM kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie prayukta kiyA hai|' ('tato tANaM vavahAro jAo; dhammillacarita : pR. 57; 'samAgayajaNeNa ya majjhatyeNaM hoUNa vavahAranicchao suo; tatraiva : 58) prAcIna kAla meM Adhunika kAla kI taraha nyAyAlayoM aura nyAyAdhIzoM kA prAvadhAna nahIM thA / vyavahAra, vAda yA mukadame kI utpatti rAjakula meM nivedana se hotI thI / nyAyAdhIza ke lie saMghadAsagaNI ne 'kAraNika' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| ye nyAyAdhIza nyAyatulA ke prabhArI hote the / nyAyatulA bhI adbhuta aura rahasyAdhiSThita hotI thI / sAkSI ke abhAva meM nyAyatulA kA nirNaya mAnya hotA thaa| isa prakAra usa yuga kI nyAyavidhi meM tulA- parIkSA kA bhI pracalana thA / yoM, sAmAnyataH tulA, nyAya ke pratIka rUpa meM paramparAgata rUpa se svIkRta hai / kathA hai ki potanapura meM dhAraNa aura revatI do vaNik- mitra rahate the| eka bAra dhAraNa ne revatI ke hAtha se eka lAkha kA mAla kharIdA aura zarta rakhI gaI ki kista ke hisAba se eka lAkha rupaye vApasa kara deMge / dhAraNa usa mAla se vyApAra karatA huA samRddhizAlI ho gayA / taba, revatI ne apanA dhana vApasa mA~gA / lekina, dhAraNa nizcita zarta se mukara gyaa| revatI ne rAjA se likhita apIla kI aura kahA ki merA koI sAkSI nahIM hai| taba rAjA ne apane samakSa nyAyAdhIza dvArA bArI-bArI se isa nyAya ke sAtha tulA- parIkSA karAI ki agara dhAraNa denadAra hogA, to tarAjU jhuka jAyagA aura yadi revatI denadAra hogA, to tarAjU nahIM jhukegaa| dhAraNa ke sAtha nyAya ke samaya 1. (ka) manusmRti meM bhI 'vyavahAra' zabda mukadame ke artha meM hI prayukta hai : vyavahArAndidRkSustu brAhmaNaiH saha pArthivaH / mantrajJairmantribhizcaiva vinItaH pravizet sabhAm // (8.1) (kha) yAjJavalkya ne bhI mukadamA ko hI 'vyavahAra' kahA hai : vyavahArAnnRpaH pazyed vidvadbhirbrAhmaNaiH saha / dharmazAstrAnusAreNa krodhalobhavivarjitaH // -- yAjJavalkyasmRti : mAtRkA - prakaraNa, zloka 1

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana tarAjU jhuka gayA, lekina revatI ke sAtha nyAya karate samaya nahIM jhukA / ("revaiNA raNNe lehaviyaMsikkha me / kAraNiehiM raNNo samIve tulA parisAviyA - jai dhAraNo dhareI tato tulA paDeu / pddiyaa| puNo- jai revaI na dhare to tulA mA paDau / na paDai"; priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 295) / rAjA ne revatI ko eka lAkha rupaye dilavA diye aura dhAraNa ko mithyAvAdI ghoSita kara usakI jIbha kaTavA lii| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke vidhi-viSayaka kathAprasaMgoM se yaha saMketita hotA hai ki tatkAlIna vidhi kA siddhAnta nItizAstrAnumodita thA / vidhi yA kAnUna ke AdhAra aura nItizAstra ke maulika siddhAnta eka dUsare se samyaktayA anubaddha the / kyoMki, vidhizAstrI aisA mAnate haiM ki kevala kAnUna para calanevAlA vyakti ('homojUriDikasa') bahuta zobhanIya prANI nahIM hotA, jabataka usakA vyavahAra nItizAstrAnumodita na ho| isIlie, saMghadAsagaNI ne aise aneka rAjAoM ke citraNa kiye haiM, jo kevala kAnUna para calanevAle the, kintu unake mantrI unake kAnUnoM ko satata nItisammata banAkara kriyAnvita karate the / 437 bhAratIya vidhi-siddhAnta meM prArambha se hI rAjazakti dharmAnuzAsita rahI hai aura AtatAyI ko daNDa denA rAjA kA pradhAna dharma mAnA gayA hai| 'manusmRti' meM ullekha hai ki daNDa saba prANiyoM para rAjya karatA hai aura daNDa hI saba prANiyoM kI rakSA karatA hai, sabake so jAne para kevala daNDa hI jAgatA rahatA hai aura paNDita jana daNDa ko hI dharma kahate haiN| eka smRtikAra kahatA hai ki na to rAjya hai, na rAjA ; na to daNDa hai, na dANDika ( daNDa denevaalaa)| dharma hI saba prajAoM kI rakSA karatA hai / isalie, prAcIna hindU-vidhizAstra kA sarvapradhAna lakSya thA -- dharma kI saMsthApanA / manuSya zreya ke lie dharma ke niyamoM kA pAlana Avazyaka thA aura dharma kA ullaMghana karanevAlA vyakti rAjA dvArA daNDanIya hotA thA / 'manusmRti' kA vacana hai ki adaNDanIya ko daNDa dene se aura daNDanIya ko daNDa na dene se rAjA kA bar3A apayaza hotA hai aura vaha naraka meM jAtA hai| jo rAjA sAmAjika vyavasthA bhaMga karanevAle ko daNDa nahIM de sakatA, use rAjasva grahaNa kA adhikAra nahIM hai| yAjJavalkya RSi ne kahA hai ki rakSA na karane se prajA jo kucha pApa karatI hai, usameM A pApa kA bhAgI rAjA hotA hai; kyoMki vaha prajA kI rakSA ke lie usase kara letA hai / isalie, rAjA kA dharma jahA~ lokaraMjana yA prajArakSaNa hai, vahIM daNDa dvArA aparAdha kA parimArjana bhI usakA kartavya hai / 1 aparAdha aura daNDa para prAcIna bhAratIya zAstroM meM bar3I vizadatA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai prakhyAta vidhizAstrI paM. satIzacandra mizra ' ne daNDanIti para vistAra se vivecana karate hue kahA hai 1. daNDaH zAsti prajAH sarvA daNDa evAbhirakSati / daNDaH supteSu jAgartti daNDaM dharmaM vidurbudhAH // ( 7.18) / 2. na rAjyaM na ca rAjAsti na daNDo na ca dANDikaH / dharmeNaiva prajAH sarvA rakSyante hi parasparam // 3. adaNDyAn daNDayan rAjA daNDyAMzcaivApyadaNDayan / ayazo mahadApnoti narakaM caiva gacchati 4. arakSyamANAH kurvanti yatkiMcitkilviSaM prajAH / tasmAttu nRpaterarddhaM yasmAdgRhNAtyasau karam // // (8.128) -- yAjJavalkyasmRti, rAjadharmaprakaraNa, zloka 37 5. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dra. 'vidhivijJAna kA svarUpa', daNDanItiprakarta: pR. 158

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438 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ki samAja ne aucitya yA nyAya kA jo Adarza yA 'naoNrma' svIkAra kara liyA hai, usakA jaba koI vyaktivizeSa ullaMghana karatA hai, taba aise karma ko aparAdha kahA jAtA hai| paM. mizra ne isa sambandha meM blaikasTona, oNsTina, saimoNDa, vinaphIlDa, jolovisz2a, glenevila, viliyamsa Adi aneka pAzcAtya aparAdha-vaijJAnikoM kI paribhASAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, kintu anta meM unhoMne mithilA ke prasiddha prAcIna vidhi-vimarzaka paM. varddhamAna upAdhyAya kI paribhASA ko adhika saTIka mAnA hai| paM. upAdhyAya ne apanI kRti 'daNDaviveka' ke 'daNDanimittAni' adhyAya meM aparAdha ko paribhASita karate hue likhA hai: "kiM cAmI duSTabuddhipUrvakatvaniyamAdutsargato pramAdimUlakebhyo'nyebhyo viziSyante iti lokodvejakatvAdeSveva prAdhAnyena daNDapadaprayogaH / ' arthAt, jaba vyakti duSTabuddhipUrvaka niyama kA ullaMghana karake yA bhrama Adi phailAkara samAja meM udvega utpanna karatA hai, taba vahI usake lie aparAdha ho jAtA hai, jisase vaha daNDa kA bhAgI banatA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki lokodvejana kA kArya hI aparAdha hai, jisake ghaTita hone se, jisake prati aparAdha kiyA jAtA hai, usake citta meM aura samAja ke anya vyaktiyoM ke citta meM bhI kSobha yA udvega utpanna ho jAtA hai| aparAdha ke sAtha hI daNDa bhI jur3A huA hai| prAcIna dharmAnuzAsita rAjya meM adharma hI aparAdha kA paryAya thaa| parapIDana hI adharma thA aura dUsare ko duHkhahIna banAnA dharma / saMghadAsagaNI ne dharma kI paribhASA meM kahA bhI hai: 'parassa adukkhakaraNaM dhammo' (dhammillacariya : pR. 76) / zramaNa-paramparA meM hiMsA ko adharma aura ahiMsA ko dharma mAnA gayA hai, isalie hiMsAmUlaka samasta adharma kArya aparAdha ke hI antargaNita haiN| zAbdika vyutpatti kI dRSTi se 'aparAdha' zabda vikRta yA viparItArthaka 'apa' upasargapUrvaka prasannArthaka 'rAdh' dhAtu se ghaJ pratyaya kA yoga hone para banA hai| isase dhvanita hai ki kisI ko aprasanna karanA hI aparAdha ho jAtA hai| __ aparAdha kI gurutA aura laghutA ke AdhAra para daNDa kA vidhAna yA nirdhAraNa prAcIna zAstroM meM kiyA gayA hai| dhAtupATha meM 'daND' dhAtu sajA dene ke artha meM hI sUcIbaddha kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna smRtikAroM ke anusAra, daNDa se kevala aparAdha kA nivAraNa hI nahIM hotA, apitu sampUrNa saMsAra daNDa ke bhaya se sumArga para pratiSThita rahatA hai| manu mahArAja ne kahA hai: 'daNDasya hi bhayAt sarva jagad bhogAya klpte|' (7.22) arthAt, carAcara jagat daNDabhaya se hI paricAlita rahatA hai| isIlie, daNDa kA sAmAjika mahattva bahuta adhika hai| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM arjuna ne yudhiSThira se daNDa kI aparihAryatA kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki daNDa ke bhaya se sabhI sanmArga para calate haiM, cAhe vaha kukarma karane ke kAraNa rAjA dvArA diyA jAnevAlA daNDabhaya ho yA yama ke dvArA diyA jAnevAlA, yA phira paraloka kA bhaya ho yA paraspara daNDita hone kA bhaya (evaM sAMsiddhike loke sarva daNDe prtisstthitm| dra. a 15) / manusaMhitA' (8.318) meM daNDa kA mahattva yahA~taka mAnA gayA hai ki aparAdha ke lie daNDita manuSya pavitra ho jAtA hai aura vaha puNyAtmA kI zreNI meM A jAtA hai| rAjA dvArA aparAdhI daNDa bhugatakara pApamukta ho jAtA hai| yaha eka dhyAtavya manovaijJAnika tathya hai| aura, prAcIna rAjakuloM meM isI sAmAjika bhAvanA se daNDa diyA jAtA thA, tAki aparAdha kI mAnasikatA para aMkuza laga ske| vastutaH, aparAdha ko bhAratIya daNDa-vidhAna ne vyakti kI

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 439 AtmA kA patana mAnA hai aura isI kAraNa bahuta-se aparAdhiyoM ke lie vibhinna prAyazcittoM kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai, jo aparAdhiyoM ke mAnasa ko prabhAvita kara ske| . manu, yAjJavalkya Adi smRtikAroM tathA kauTilya Adi arthazAstriyoM dvArA kiyA gayA aparAdhoM kA vargIkaraNa bhI atizaya vaijJAnika hai| jaiseH steya, sAhasa, vAkpAruSya, daNDapAruSya aura strI-saMgrahaNa / corI; sAhasa, yAnI balapUrvaka aparAdha, jaise kisI kI vastu ko chIna lenA yA use zArIrika kaSTa denA; vAkpAruSya, arthAt kisI ko vAkyoM dvArA mAnasika kaSTa pahu~cAnA; daNDapAruSya, arthAt kisI ko mAranA-pITanA; strI-saMgrahaNa, arthAt strI kA zIlaharaNa krnaa| isake atirikta, mithyA sAkSya denA yA tathya ko jAnate hue bhI sAkSya nahIM denA, ye saba aparAdha mAne gaye haiN| kauTilya ne nindA aura gAlI-galauja karanA, dhamakAnA Adi ko vAkpAruSya aparAdha ke antargata mAnA hai: 'vAkpAruSyamapavAdaH kutsanamabhibhartsanamiti' (3.75.18) / punaH kisI ko chUne, pITane yA coTa pahu~cAne ko kauTilya ne daNDapAruSya kahA hai: 'daNDapAruSyaM sparzanamavagUrNa prhtmiti|' (3.76.19.) kula milAkara, jJAna rakhate hue aparAdha karanA duSpravRtti kA dyotaka hai| ataeva, usake nivAraNa ke lie daNDavidhAna Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| daNDa mukhyatayA do prakAra ke hote the: zArIrika daNDa aura arthdnndd| prasiddha jainAgama 'sthAnAMga' meM daNDa ko kaI prakAra se vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| prathamataH daNDa ko do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai: arthadaNDa aura anarthadaNDa (2.76) / puna: isake pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM, jo mukhyata: zramaNoM ke AcAra se sambaddha haiM : 1. arthadaNDa, artha yA prayojanavaza apane yA dUsaroM ke lie trasa yA sthAvara prANiyoM kI hiMsA karanA; 2. anarthadaNDa, niSSayojana hiMsA karanA; 3. hiMsAdaNDa, yaha mujhe mAra rahA hai, mAregA, yA isane mujhako mArA thA, isalie hiMsA karanA; 4. akasmAddaNDa, eka ke vadha ke lie prahAra karane para dUsare kA vadha ho jAnA aura 5. dRSTiviparyAsadaNDa, mitra ko amitra jAnakara daNDita karanA (5.111) / puna: daNDanIti sAta prakAra kI kahI gaI hai: 1. hAkAra (hAya ! tUne yaha kyA kiyA?), 2. mAkAra (Age aisA mata karanA), 3. dhikkAra (dhikkAra hai tujhe, tUne aisA kiyA), 4. paribhASa (thor3e samaya ke lie najarabanda karanA, krodhapUrNa zabdoM meM 'yahIM baiThe raho' kA Adeza denA), 5. maNDalabandha (niyamita kSetra se bAhara na jAne kA Adeza denA), 6. cAraka (kaida meM DAla denA) aura 7. chaviccheda (hAtha-paira Adi kaattnaa)| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yathokta prAcIna bhAratIya zAstroM aura jaina AgamoM ke AdhAra para prazAsana-vyavasthA se sambaddha aparAdha aura daNDanIti tathA daNDa ke prAdhikAriyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| yahA~ tadviSayaka katipaya sandarbho kA vivaraNa-vivecana apekSita hai| saMghadAsagaNI kI dRSTi meM kisI prANI kA vadhasabase bar3A aparAdha hai / vadhAparAdha karane vAle kA hRdaya barAbara AzaMkita rahatA hai, use kabhI caina nahIM milatA aura pazcAttApa se usakA antarmana jalatA rahatA hai / isake atirikta, vadhakartA ke mastiSka meM nirantara svakRta vadha kA dRzya hI nAcatA rahatA hai 1. aparAdha ke viziSTa manovaijJAnika adhyayana ke lie prasiddha aparAdha-vaijJAnika DaoN. badarInArAyaNa sinahA kI, bihAra-hindI-grantha-akAdamI dvArA prakAzita evaM bihAra-rASTra bhASA-pariSad dvArA puraskRta pustaka 'AparAdhikI' draSTavya hai|

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440 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA (" purisavadhAsaMkiyahiyao raI aviMdaMto pacchAttAvasaMtattahiyao taM caiva ciMtayaMto acchai"; 1 dhammillacarita : pR. 73) / daNDamUlaka prazAsana-vidhi manuSya ko adhikAra aura kartavya se yukta prANI mAnatI hai / adhikAra kI avahelanA se manuSya kA apanA ahita hotA hai aura kartavya kI avahelanA se use daNDita honA par3atA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne manuSya kI adhikAra aura karttavyamUlaka cetanA ko vidhi, aparAdha aura daNDa kI vyavasthA ke udbhAvana kA mUlakAraNa mAnA hai / RSabhasvAmI ke carita (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 157) kA varNana karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki AdikAla meM mithunasRSTi ke samaya mithunoM meM paraspara adhikAra ke vibhAjana kI bAta AI : 'yaha merI bhUmi hai, yaha tumhArI; yaha merA ghara hai, yaha tumhaaraa|' isI prakAra unameM per3a-paudhe, phUla-phala, pokhara - tAlAba Adi para bhI adhikAra kI bhAvanA jagI / sabhI mithuna apane pradhAna vimalavAhana ke pAsa pahu~ce aura vibhAjana kI samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie Agraha karane lage / vimala - vAhana ne bhUmi, per3a aura pokhara - tAlAba kA Apasa meM ba~TavArA kara diyA aura unase kahA : tumheM ina saba vastuoM kA upayoga paraspara kI sahamati se hI karanA cAhie, balapUrvaka nahIM / jo bhI mithuna isa maryAdA kA ullaMghana karatA thA, usake lie anya mithunoM ke samakSa vimalavAhana khedamUlaka 'hA !' zabda (hAkAra) kA prayoga karatA thA / phalataH maryAdA kA ullaMghana karanevAlA mithuna, hA kAramUlaka daNDa kA smaraNa karate hue, AmaraNa punaH maryAdA kI avahelanA nahIM karatA thA / kAlakrama se mithuna 'hA-kAra' kI daNDanIti kA ullaMghana karane lge| taba, mithuna - pradhAna yazasvin ne 'mA-kAra' (mata karo) kI daNDanIti prArambha kii| arthAt, 'hA' kI jagaha aba niSedhamUlaka 'mA' zabda kA prayoga prArambha huA / punaH isase uttaravartI kAla meM mithuna - pradhAna prasenajit ke zAsanakAla meM mithuna- prAe~ 'mA- kAra' kI daNDanIti kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa karane lgiiN| taba usane tIsarI, 'dhikkAra' kI daNDanIti pravarttita kI / arthAt, aba 'hA' aura 'mA' zabdoM ke prayoga ke atirikta maryAdAbhaMjaka prajAoM ko daNDasvarUpa dhikkArA jAne lagA / RSabhadeva ke samaya kAladoSa se kulakaroM dvArA pravarttita ukta tInoM daNDanItiyoM kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa hone lagA / taba utpIDita prajAe~ RSabhadeva ke pAsa upasthita huIM / bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ne unase kahA : 'isa samaya jisa rAjA kI daNDanIti ugra hogI, vahI prajApAlana meM samartha hogA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 162 ) / ' isI samaya se, yAnI RSabhasvAmI ke samaya se rAjA, rAjya-prazAsana aura zArIrika daNDa, yAnI pUrvokta cAraka, chaviccheda Adi kA vidhAna prArambha huA / saMghadAsagaNI ke eka kathAprasaMga se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya kI, arthAt RSabhottara kAla kI daNDanIti meM mAyA yA chala-kapaTa kA prayoga prArambha ho gayA thA / kintu rAjA siMhasena kA putra rAjA pUrNacandra apanI daNDanIti meM kapaTa- prayoga kA pratikramaNa ('daMDanIIe ya mAyApayogamapaDikkamittA' bAlacandrAlambha: pR. 257) nahIM karatA thA / usane apane rAjya meM ahiMsAmUlaka abhayaghoSaNA karA dI thii| vaha vidhipUrvaka prauSadhavrata kA pAlana karatA huA, zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko dAna detA huA tathA jinapUjA meM saMlagna rahakara rAjya - prazAsana calAtA thA / usa kAla meM zArIrika daNDa ke kaI rUpa the| mRtyudaNDa dezanirvAsana-daNDa aMgaccheda-daNDa, kArAvAsa-daNDa Adi kA pracura varNana 'vasudevahiNDI' meM upalabdha hotA hai| sArthavAha jaba vyApAra ke nimitta dezAntara - pravAsa meM rahate the, taba sArthavAha kI paliyoM ke saMrakSaNa aura surakSA kA

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana uttaradAyitva rAjA kA hotA thA / mathurA kA sAgaradatta sArthavAha jaba videza meM samudrayAtrA para thA, tabhI eka vaNikputra nAgasena ne kuTTanI parivrAjikA aMjanasenA kI sahAyatA se sArthavAha kI patnI mitrazrI ke zIla kA haraNa kara liyA thaa| rAjA zUrasena ko jaba isakA patA calA, taba usake dvArA prerita rAjapuruSoM ne acAnaka nAgasena ko mitrazrI ke ghara meM hI pakar3a liyaa| AcAra kA atikramaNa karanevAle nAgasena ko mRtyudaNDa milA aura usakI kukarma-sahAyikA aMjanasenA ke nAka-kAna kATa liye gaye; kyoMki strI ke lie vadha kA daNDa varjita thaa| isa prakAra, use virUpita karane ke bAda, deza se nirvAsita kara diyA gyaa| rAjA kA daNDamUlaka Adeza isa prakAra hai: "raNNA bhaNiyaM - mayA rakkhayavvA vaNiyadArA, satyavAhA desaMtarANi samudaM saMcaraMti, eso nAgaseNo AyArAtikkaMto vajjho, itthigA parivvAyagA kaNNanAsavikappiyA NijjuhiyavvA / tato nAgaseNo sUlaM poI A " ( madanavegAlambha : pR. 233) / 441 isa kathA se yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya bhI strI aura parivrAjikA ko mRtyudaNDa dene kA prAvadhAna nahIM thaa| parivrAjikA aMjanasenA para kaThora chaviccheda- daNDa kI bhISaNa pratikriyA huI / phalasvarUpa, usane kanakhala ke nikaTa, haradvAra meM gaMgAtaTa para ghora anazana karake mRtyu kA varaNa kara liyaa| aisI hI sthiti meM daNDa kA sambandha prAyazcitta se sahaja hI jur3a jAtA hai| isI prakAra, eka kathA hai ki potanapura ke rAjA ne dhAraNa nAmaka vaNik kI jIbha kaTavA lI thI; kyoMki dhAraNa ne vyApAra karane ke lie udhAra meM prApta apane vaNik mitra revatI ke eka lAkha rupaye kA mAla har3apa liyA thA aura vaha jhUTha bolakara eka lAkha rupaye vApasa karane kI zarta se mukara gayA thA ( priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 295) / kauTilya ne isa prakAra ke aparAdha ke lie bAraha paNa daNDa vasUlane kA vidhAna kiyA hai ('vikrIya paNyamaprayacchato dvAdazapaNo daNDaH ; 3.71.15) / isase spaSTa hai ki saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita rAjakula kI daNDanIti atizaya ugra thI / tatkAlIna rAjanya-varga namisvAmI dvArA pravarttita cAturyAma dharma kA pAlana karatA thA, isalie usa varga ke sadasya hiMsAkAriyoM, mithyAvAdiyoM, vyabhicAriyoM aura parigrahiyoM ko kabhI sahana nahIM karate the aura vaise aparAdhiyoM ke lie kaThora se kaThora daNDa kI vyavasthA kI jAtI thI / nikSepa yA nyAsa ( dharohara ) ke rUpa meM rakhe gaye dhana ko har3apanevAle ke lie kauTilya ne yathocita daNDa dene kA vidhAna kiyA hai (arthazAstra : 3. 68. 12) / saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI eka kathA mitra sArthavAha kI thAtI har3apanevAle zrIbhUti purohita ke lie rAjA siMhasena dvArA nirvAsana-daNDa diye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai ('bhaddamitto samakkhaM purohiyassa vikkosamANo kayatyo jAo raNa nikkheveNa / siribhUtI ya nivvAsio nayarAo; bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 253) / 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha sUcanA milatI hai ki usa samaya daNDa vasUla karake rAjakoSa meM jamA kiyA jAtA thaa| pIThikA - prakaraNa (pR. 91 ) meM eka kathA hai ki hastinApura ke rAjA madhu ne AmalakalpA nagarI ke rAjA kanakaratha ke sAtha prema bar3hAkara usakA vizvAsa arjita kiyA, phira dhIre-dhIre yuktikauzala se usakI rAnI candrAbhA ko hathiyA liyA / eka dina candrAbhA cintAmagna hokara nagara se bAhara kheta kI ora dekha rahI thI aura apane pati kanakaratha, jo rAjA madhu ke Dara se gharabAra chor3akara tapasvI ho gayA thA, kI smRti se antardagdha thii| tabhI madhu AyA aura usase pUchA : 'rAnI, bahuta dhyAna se kyA dekha rahI ho ?' rAnI ne bAta badalakara kahA :

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442 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'rAjan ! nagara ke bAhara rassI se vibhakta yaha kyA dikhAI par3a rahA hai?' rAjA madhu ne kahA : 'ye nagaravAsiyoM ke kheta haiN|' candrAbhA ne pUchA : 'hamAre kauna-se kheta haiM?' madhu ne kahA : 'rassI se ghire jitane kheta haiM, sabhI hamAre haiM / ' 'itanI patalI rassI kI kyA upayogitA hai ?' prazna ke svara meM candrAbhA bolii| rAjA ne kahA : 'yaha sirpha maryAdA kA pratIka hai| jo isa rassI ko tor3atA hai, vaha aparAdhI mAnA jAtA hai aura zAsana ke nimitta usase doSAnurUpa daNDa vasUlA jAtA hai, jo hamAre koSa meM jamA hotA hai| rAjA maryAdA ke rakSaka hote haiM' ('tato se viNayatyaM daNDo dosANurUvo, so amhaM kosaM pavisaI rAyANo mjjaayaarkkhgaa')| prasaMgata: yahA~ daNDa zabda arthadaNDa kI ora saMketa karatA hai| kadAcit usa samaya arthadaNDa kA prAvadhAna bahuta kama thA, isalie usakA kAdAcitka ullekha milatA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ke kAla meM paradAra-haraNa ke lie bhI daNDa kA prAvadhAna thaa| ukta kathA-prasaMga meM jaba daNDa kI bAta calI, taba candrAbhA ne paradAra-haraNa karanevAle ke lie daNDavidhi ke bAre meM puuchaa| madhu ne jaba tadviSayaka daNDa ke bAre meM batAyA, taba candrAbhA ne usase kahA ki Apane kanakaratha kI patnI kA (arthAt, merA) apaharaNa karake anucita kiyA hai| madhu ne ise svIkAra kara liyA aura prAyazcitta-svarUpa rAjyazrI kA parityAga kara dIkSA le lI aura tapasyA karake dehatyAga kiyaa| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne prAcIna bhAratIya zAstrAnumodita prAyazcitta aura daNDa kA adbhuta samanvaya upasthita kiyA hai| 'manusmRti' meM, daNDa-vyavasthA ke prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa aparAdha para sAdhAraNa manuSya ko eka paNa (kArSApaNa) daNDa hogA, yadi rAjA svayaM use kare, to usapara sahasra paNa daNDa hone kI zAstra-maryAdA hai| bhAratIya dharmazAstroM meM rAjA ko Izvara yA devatA kA pratinidhi mAnA gayA hai aura daNDa ko Izvara kA putra / 2 'gItA' meM to zrIkRSNa ne svayaM apane ko damanakArI tattvoM meM, daNDa kA pratirUpa kahA hai : 'daNDo damayatAmasmi' (10.38) / phira bhI, manu ne svayaM rAjA ko Izvara kA pratirUpa mAnate hue bhI 'da kiMga kaina DU no rA~ga', yAnI rAjA koI aparAdha kara hI nahIM sakatA aura usI kAraNa daNDa kA bhAgI nahIM ho sakatA, isa siddhAnta ko nahIM mAnA aura isa prakAra unhoMne daNDa-samatA kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI ukta rAjA madhu kI kathA meM manu kI daNDa-samatA kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| bhAratIya daNDavidhAna ke nirUpaka yAjJavalkya manu Adi ne kisI bhI vyakti ko daNDa se pare nahIM rakhA hai| yahA~taka ki svayaM rAjA yA usake nikaTa sambandhI bhI yadi daNDanIya kArya kareM, to rAjA kA kartavya hai ki vaha unheM bhI daNDita kare / manu ne likhA hai ki pitA, AcArya, mitra, mAtA, bhAryA, putra aura purohita ko bhI apane dharma meM tatpara na rahane se rAjA daNDa de sakatA hai (8.335) / yAjJavalkya ne bhI vyavasthA dI hai ki rAjA ke bhAI, putra, guru, zvazura, mAmA Adi dharma yA kAnUna kI avajJA karane para daNDanIya haiM (rAjadharma, zlo. 58) / kahanA na hogA ki kathAkAra 1. kArSApaNaM bhaveddaNDyo yatrAnyaH prAkRto jnH| tatra rAjA bhaveddaNDyaH sahasramiti dhAraNA // (8.336) 2. draSTavya : manusmRti, 78 tathA 14

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 443 saMghadAsagaNI ne ukta bhAratIya smRtikAroM kI daNDa-vyavasthA kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyA thA aura tadanusAra hI unhoMne apanI kathA meM citrita rAjAoM se daNDavidhAna kA pAlana karAyA hai| abhayaghoSaNA kA ullaMghana karanevAle apane jyeSTha putra mRgadhvaja ko mRtyudaNDa dene kI ghaTanA se yaha siddha hai ki zrAvastI kA rAjA jitazatru daNDa- samatA ke siddhAnta kA samarthaka thA / rAjA siMhasena dvArA zrIbhUti purohita ko pradatta nirvAsana daNDa bhI daNDa-samatA kA hI pratyakSa udAharaNa hai / vasantapura ke rAjA jitazatru dvArA zUrasena parivrAjaka ko diyA gayA mRtyudaNDa bhI tatkAlIna rAjAoM kI samatAmUlaka daNDanIti ko hI saMketita karatA hai| isI prakAra, prazAsana durbala rAjA mahApadma ko usake putra dvArA bandI banAyA jAnA aura purohita namuci ko nirvAsita kiyA daNDa- samatA kA hI nirdezana hai| punaH mathurA ke rAjA ajitasena dvArA jinapAlita svarNakAra ke prati Asakta apanI paTarAnI mitravatI kA tyAga bhI tatkAlIna rAjA kI daNDa-samatA kA hI saMjJApaka hai / kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM daNDa- samatAmUlaka rocaka aura romAMcaka udAharaNoM tato'dhika prAcurya hai / yahA~ sthAlIpulAkanyAya se katipaya udAharaNa digdarzanArtha upanyasta kiye gaye haiM / jAnA mRtyudaNDa ke to vividha prasaMga kathAkAra ne upasthApita kiye haiN| rAma (parazurAma) ne sAta bAra pRthvI ko ni:kSatriya kiyA thA aura vaha jisa kSatriya kA vadha karatA thA, usake dA~ta ukhAr3akara rakha letA thA ( madanavegAlambha : pR. 238 ) / rAjya dvArA abhayadAna prApta mRga kA vadha karane ke kAraNa vArANasI ke naladAma baniyA ke putra manmana ko phA~sI de dI gaI thI ( priyaMgusundarI lambha: pR. 295 ) / isI prakAra usa yuga meM adattAdAnavrata meM doSa karane ke kAraNa bhI mRtyudaNDa kI vyavasthA thii| kathA hai ki magadha- janapada ke vaDDaka gA~va meM arhadatta kA putra meru rahatA thaa| vaha gA~va kA mukhiyA thaa| vahA~ ugrasena nAma kA koI dUsarA gRhastha rahatA thA / vaha rAta meM pAnI par3ane para kheta kI kyAriyoM ko bA~dhakara unheM pAnI se bhara detA thA / phira jaba saMcita pAnI kI gaharAI kA andAja lene lagatA, tabhI grAmapramukha meru usa ( ugrasena) kI kyAriyoM ko kATakara apanI kyAriyoM meM pAnI bhara letA / ugrasena ko jaba isa bAta kA patA calA, taba usane rAjA se likhita apIla kI aura meru ke pitA arhaddAsa ko apanA sAkSI bnaayaa| rAjA ke pUchane para arhaddAsa ne yathAvRtta kaha diyaa| rAjA ne satyavAdI arhaddAsa ko sammAnita kiyA aura grAmapramukha meru ko sUlI para car3havA diyaa| sAtha hI, grAmapramukha ke adhInastha kheta bhI ugrasena ko dilavA diye (tatraiva : pR. 295) / ukta kathA meM citrita nyAyavidhi aura daNDa - vyavasthA se spaSTa hai ki putra ke doSI hone para pitA bhI usakA sAtha nahIM detA thA / aura isa prakAra, satyavAdI pitA nyAyAdhikaraNa kI dRSTi meM sammAna ke yogya mAnA jAtA thA / isI prakAra ugra daNDanIti dhAraNa karanevAle vasantapura ke rAjA jitazatru ne adattAdAna ke viSaya meM mithyA bhASaNa karanevAle kapaTazrAvaka jinadAsa kA talavAra se sira kATa lene kI AjJA dI thI / punaH maithunadoSa ke kAraNa, vasantapura ke rAjA nalaputra ne na cAhanevAlI strI, puSyadeva vaNik kI patnI ko cAhanevAle purohita karAlapiMga se daNDasvarUpa garama lohe kI strI kI pratimA kA AliMgana karavAyA thA, jisase vaha mara gayA / 'manusmRti' meM bhI parastrI ke sAtha maithunadoSa utpanna karanevAloM ke lie prAya: isI prakAra kA daNDavidhAna kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki pApI parastrIrata jAra puruSa ko lohe kI tapta zayyA

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA para sulAye aura Upara se itanI lakar3I DAlakara Aga lagA de ki vaha (aparAdhI) jalakara bhasma jaya / 444 kathAkAra ne tatkAlIna daNDa-vyavasthA meM zAsana kI ora se bandI banAne kI prathA kA ullekha kiyA hai, sAtha hI najarabanda karane kI daNDanIti kA nirdeza bhI / vasudeva ko unake jyeSTha bhrAtA rAjA samudravijaya ne bar3I gopanIya rIti se najarabanda karAyA thA / vasudeva bahuta rUpavAn the / vaha jaba udyAna-yAtrA Adi ke lie ghara se bAhara nikalate the, taba yuvatiyA~ unheM dekhakara pAgala ho uThatI thIM aura rAjya meM eka prakAra kI lokodvejanA aura astavyastatA utpanna ho jAtI thI / ataeva, nagarapAloM kI sUcanA ke AdhAra para rAjA ne vasudeva kI udyAna-yAtrA para pratibandha lagA diyA aura rAja-parijanoM ko isa paramArtha ko gopanIya rakhane kI cetAvanI dii| sAtha hI, vasudeva ko 'bulavAkara samajhAyA ki 'dinabhara bAhara ghUmate rahate ho mukha kI kAnti dhUsara dikhAI par3atI hai, isalie ghara meM hI raho / kalA kI zikSA meM bhI DhilAI nahIM honI caahie|' isa prakAra, bar3I caturAI se vasudeva ko cupake se ghara meM hI najarabanda ('hAusa - eresTa) kara liyA gayA thA / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prazAsana- vyavasthA aura daNDavidhi se sambaddha katipaya padAdhikAriyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / jaise: mANDalika, mahAmANDalika, gomANDalika, daNDAdhikArI, nagarArakSaka (kotavAla) Adi / kathAkAra ne tIrthaMkara aranAtha ko mANDalika kahA hai aura rAjA megharatha ko mahAmANDalika ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai (ketumatIlambha: pR. 347 tathA tatraiva : pR. 336) / tIrthaMkara nAma - gotra vAle rAjA hI mANDalika aura mahAmANDalika hote the / Adhunika artha meM jilAdhikArI ke lie pracalita zabda maNDalAdhIza yA mahAmaNDalAdhIza prAcIna paramparA ke prazAsakoM ke hI varttamAna pratirUpa haiM / mahAmANDalika megharatha ne hI ahamindratva - pada se cyuta hone ke bAda zAntisvAmI ke pitA rAjA viSvaksena ke rUpa meM hastinApura meM punarjanma grahaNa kiyA thA / zAntisvAmI ne pandraha hajAra varSoM taka mANDalika ke rUpa meM prazAsana kiyA thA aura arasvAmI ne ikkIsa hajAra varSoM taka mANDalika kA pada sa~bhAlA thA (tatraiva : pR. 340, 347) / vasantapura ke rAjA jitazatru ke do gomaNDala the, jinameM aneka prakAra kI utkRSTa aura nikRSTa gAyeM thiiN| ina donoM maNDaloM kI dekharekha ke lie do gomANDalika niyukta the, jinameM eka kA nAma cArunandI aura dUsare kA nAma phalgunandI thA / cArunandI ne utkRSTa gAyoM ko rAjA ke nAma aMkita kara rakhA thA aura nikRSTa gAyoM ko apane nAma se| ThIka isake viparIta, phalgunandI ne nikRSTa gAyoM ko rAjA ke nAma se aura utkRSTa gAyoM ko apane nAma se aMkita kiyA thA / phalgunandI-kRta gAyoM ke varga-vibhAjana se rAjA ruSTa ho gayA aura usakA vadha karavA diyaa| isa prasaMga se bhI tatkAlIna ugra daNDanIti kA saMketa prApta hotA hai / pade pade mRtyudaNDa usa yuga kI sAmAnya ghaTanA thI / saMghadAsagaNI ne daNDAdhikArI yA senAdhikArI ke lie 'daNDabhogika' aura 'bhaTabhogika' zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| yoM, bhogika zabda kA svatantra artha 'pAiyasaddamahaNNavo' ke anusAra grAmAdhyakSa yA gA~va kA mukhiyA hai, kintu ApTe mahodaya ne bhogika kA artha azvapAla yA sAIsa 1. pumAMsaM dAhayetpApaM zayane tapta Ayase / abhyAdazca kASThAni tatra dahyeta pApakRt // ( 8.372)

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 445 I likhA hai / kathAkAra dvArA yathAprastuta kathAsandarbha meM prayukta 'daMDa-bhaDa - bhoie' zabda daNDAdhyakSa aura senAdhyakSa ke artha ko hI saMketita karatA hai| rAjA zilAyudha ne AkAzavANI sunI, to usane Azrama meM mRgI dvArA pAlita zizu ko yaha 'merA hI putra hai, aisA mAnakara goda meM baiThA liyA, phira usakA mAthA sU~ghane lgaa| isake bAda usane apane daNDAdhyakSa tathA senAdhyakSa ko usa putra ke saMrakSaNa kA Adeza diyaa| jJAtavya hai ki rAjadhAnI kI bhItarI surakSA kA prabhArI daNDAdhyakSa hotA hai aura bAharI surakSA kA prabhArI senAdhyakSa / isIlie, rAjA zilAyudha ne ukta donoM surakSAdhikAriyoM ko Adeza diyA, tAki bhItarI aura bAharI donoM prakAra ke AkramaNoM se bAlaka kI rakSA ho sakeM / ('bhaNai ya daMDa-bhaDa - bhoie-esa mama putto, sArakkhaha NaM ti; priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 299) / isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA upanyasta vidhi-vyavasthA aura daNDanIti ke vihaMgAvalokana se yaha spaSTa sUcita hotA hai ki usa yuga meM sAmAjika niyantraNa kI kendrIya vyavasthA thI; kyoMki rAjya- prazAsana meM rAjA ke hRdaya meM varttamAna sAmUhika bhAvanAoM kI kendrIya abhivyakti kA hI adhika mUlya hotA hai / manuSya kI svAbhAvika vRttiyoM kA samUhIkaraNa hI samAja kA AdhAra hai aura rAjA ke antaHsthita sAmAjika bhAvanAoM kI sakriyatA mAnava yA prajA ko icchApUrvaka satkarma meM niyojita karane meM vyakta hotI hai / isa niyojana-kArya meM rAjya - prazAsana ko aneka prakAra kI vidhisammata AjJAe~ pracArita-prasArita karanI par3atI haiM aura antatogatvA daNDazakti kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai| rAjya yadyapi samAja kA hI eka aMga hai, tathApi vidhi-nirmANa aura usakI rakSA tathA vyavasthA ke lie hiMsApUrNa daNDa kA ekAdhikAra rAjya meM hI nihita hai aura isa sthiti meM rAjya, samAja se apane pRthak astitva kI udghoSaNA karatA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya rAjadharma ke niyAmaka smRtikAroM dvArA vihita vidhi-vyavasthA aura daNDanIti ke pariprekSya meM dekheM, to yaha spaSTa hogA ki hiMsA aura daNDazakti ke prayoga karane ke kAraNa hI rAjya, samAja kI apekSA adhika vyagra, ugra aura raudra hotA hai, jaba ki samAja apekSAkRta adhika namra, udAra aura prazAnta pratIta hotA hai / 1 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita vidhi-vyavasthA aura daNDavidhi ke adhyayana se yaha siddha hai ki usa samaya ke rAjakula rAjyaprazAsana - vidhi ke kuzalatApUrvaka saMcAlana ke lie sadA tatpara rahate the| unameM eka rAjya kA dUsare rAjya ke sAtha anukUla sambandha banAye rakhane kI sahaja pravRtti thii| ve sarvajanIna zAnti evaM suvyavasthA ke saMrakSaNa ke lie hI daNDazakti kA Azraya lete the / samAja-sevA tathA naitika-dhArmika mAnavIya mUlyoM kI rakSA hI unakA mukhya lakSya thA / usa samaya rAjya - prazAsana kI mUla dhurI cAturyAma dharma kI rakSA thii| isalie, hiMsA, corI, vyabhicAra aura anucita DhaMga se arthasaMcaya karanevAle daNDanIya aparAdhI mAne jAte the / saMghadAsagaNI kA vidhizAstra mAnavikI ke aneka AyAmoM se antarbaddha parilakSita hotA hai / isalie unhoMne sRSTikrama ke pAramparika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha mAnavahita aura mAnavAdhikAra kI rakSA ke lie vidhisaMhitA aura vidhizAstra kI mUla saMkalpanAoM meM samayAnusAra ApekSika parivartana kI ora bhI spaSTa saMketa kiyA hai| sAtha hI, kisI vAda ke upasthita hone para niSpakSa aura ucita nyAya ke lie kulavRddhoM kI vyavasthA kA nirdeza bhI kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| tatkAlIna vRddha Adhunika kAla ke jyUriyoM (paMcoM) pratirUpa the / isa prakAra kahanA na hogA ki kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita tatkAlIna rAjya - prazAsana meM vidhika cetanA aura sAmAjika pratibodha kA Adarza samanvaya upasthita huA hai /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA artha-vyavasthA : prAcIna prasiddha bhAratIya arthazAstrI kauTilya ke anusAra, artha manuSyoM kI jIvikA kA paryAya hai| manuSyoM se yukta bhUmi kI saMjJA bhI artha hI hai| usa bhUmi ko prApta karane aura usakI rakSA karanevAle upAyoM kA nirUpaka zAstra arthazAstra hai| yahI arthazAstra dharma, artha tathA kAma meM pravRtta karatA hai, unakI rakSA karatA hai aura artha ke virodhI adharmoM kA vinAza karatA hai| kauTilya ne 'arthazAstra' ke prathama adhyAya ke vidyAsamuddeza-prakaraNa meM kahA hai ki lokayAtrA kI sampUrNatA ke lie lokapoSaNa aura saMvarddhana hI arthazAstra kA mukhya lakSya hai| lokapoSaNa aura saMvarddhana ke lie nirdhArita dharmoM meM kRSi aura vANijya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna mAnA gayA hai| prAcIna yuga meM adhyayana, yajana, dAna, kRSi, pazupAlana aura vANijya vaizyoM ke svadharma meM parigaNita the| ('vaizyasyAdhyayanaM yajanaM dAnaM zastrAjIvo bhUtarakSaNaM c|' -arthazAstra, 1.1.2) ____ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vaizya-varga ke sadasya artha-vyavasthA ke pradhAna sUtradhara ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI kauTilya kI bhA~ti lokayAtrA ke lie trivarga (dharma, artha aura kAma) kI sAdhanA kA samarthana kiyA hai, kintu jIvana kA antima lakSya mokSa yA nirvANa ko hI mAnA hai| dharma, darzana, kAvya, kalA, artha Adi mAnava-saMskRti ke jitane bhI aMga haiM, unameM puruSArthacatuSTaya (dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa) kI upayogitA para aneka prakAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 'arthazAstra', cU~ki aihika jIvana ke kriyA vyApAroM se sambaddha hai, isalie usameM mokSa ko chor3akara trivarga kI siddhi para bala diyA gayA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ke kRSi-vANijya-viSayaka kathA-prasaMgoM se yaha AbhAsita hotA hai ki dharma, artha aura kAma meM pramukhatA artha kI hai aura zeSa donoM, dharma tathA kAma artha para hI nirbhara haiN| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne mAnava-jIvana kI sAMgatA ke lie dhanaiSaNA ko anivArya mAnate hue bhI use mAnava kA sAdhya nahIM banAyA hai, apitu unakI dRSTi meM artha sAdhana hai aura mAnava sAdhya / unhoMne mUlata: mAnavatva kI siddhi meM hI artha kI upayogitA kA udghoSa kiyA hai| unake dvArA nirdiSTa Arthika saMskRti mAnava kI cAritrikatA, nItimattA, sarvabhUtahitaiSitA Adi ke unnayana aura utkarSa se jur3I huI hai| mAnava-jIvana kI saMsiddhi ke lie artha kI AvazyakatA aura mahattva ko dharmagranthoM meM bhI AdaraNIya sthAna diyA gayA hai| 'gItA' (10.41) meM zrIkRSNa ne kahA hai ki jo kucha vibhUtimAn aura zrImAn hai, vaha saba mere teja ke hI aMza se utpanna huA hai| 'gItA' (6.41) meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki yogabhraSTa puruSa pavitra zrImAn ke ghara janma letA hai| upaniSadoM meM vittaiSaNA ke parityAga kA upadeza hone para bhI yAjJavalkya aura sayugvA raikva dhana ke prati AgrahazIla haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI yAjJavalkya ko eka parigrahI parivrAjaka ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM dhana ke mahattva kI jJApikA zrI yA lakSmI devI kI upAsanA kI cirAcarita prathA ko adhika-se-adhika mUlya prApta hai| upaniSadoM meM aneka aise RSiyoM kI carcA hai, jinhoMne pracura dhana milane para hI zikSA denA svIkAra kiyA hai| ina sabhI prasaMgoM se spaSTa hai ki arthArjana 1. manuSyANAM vRttirarthaH, manuSyavatI bhUmirityarthaH, tasyAH pRthivyA lAbhapAlanopAyaH shaastrmrthshaastrmiti| (15.180.1) 2. dharmamarthaM ca kAmaM ca pravarttayati pAti c| adharmAnarthavidveSAnidaM zAstra nihanti ca // uparivat

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 447 mAnava-jIvana ke pradhAna lakSyoM meM anyatama hai| isIlie jIvana kI pahalI umra meM vidyArjana, dUsarI umra meM arthArjana aura tIsarI umra meM tapasyA kI prApti, nItikAroM dvArA nirdhArita ina mAnava-karmoM ko pUrA na karanevAlA vyakti apanI cauthI umra meM kevala pachatAtA hI raha jAtA hai|' saMghadAsagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI vitaiSaNA ko bahuta adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke sandarbha meM kathAkAra kI artha-parikalpanA kI kucha bAteM atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| vaidika paramparA ke pariprekSya meM, saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI dhana kA upArjana mukhyata: vaizyoM taka sImita rakhakara samasta samAja ke udyogonmukhI hone kI pravRtti para aMkuza lagAyA hai aura artha ke atyanta svArthaparaka bhoga ko burA mAnakara asteya aura dAna ko manuSya ke utkRSTa zIla meM parigaNita kiyA hai| artha kA yajJoM meM prayoga karane kA vidhAna vedoM aura brAhmaNa-granthoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isase itanA spaSTa hai ki sAdhya yA lakSya ke rUpa meM Arthika karma kA parigrahaNa bhAratIya saMskRti meM nahIM huA hai| yadyapi vyAvahArika jIvana aura sAMsArika saMgharSa meM dhana ke mahattvapUrNa sthAna ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isalie, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA upanyasta sAmrAjya-vyavasthA kA Arthika DhA~cA, vyAvasAyika yA vyApAra kI AdhAra-bhUmi para pratiSThita hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita Arthika Aya ke samasta vyAvasAyika srotoM para rAjya kA svAmitva dikhalAyA gayA hai aura isa prakAra kI vyAvasAyika arthanIti kA parokSa uddezya eka sazakta, Atmanirbhara aura sarvasAdhanasampanna rAjya kI pratiSThA karanA rahA hai| tatkAlIna vyApAroM meM samudrayAtrA ke dvArA honevAle vyApAra kA pramukha sthAna hai| yahA~ usa samaya ke vyApAra-vANijya, kRSi Adi ke mAdhyama se honevAlI artha-vyavasthA se sambaddha katipaya kathAprasaMgoM para prakAza DAlanA apekSita hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita rAjya kI artha-vyavasthA yA rAjakoSa kI vRddhi ke sAdhanoM meM, jinheM kauTilya ne AyazarIra (2.6) kahA hai, vyApAra ke pathoM kA ullekha mahattvapUrNa hai| tatkAlIna rAjAoM ke lie unake zAsanAdhIna navanidhi hI rAjakoSa kA pratinidhitva karatI thii| kauTilya ne apane 'arthazAstra' (2.6) meM vyApAra ke pathoM ko vaNikpatha kahA hai| unhoMne isake do bheda kiye haiM : sthalapatha aura vAripatha / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke sArthavAha samudra-saMcaraNa meM bar3e kuzala haiN| cUMki jalamArga se vyApAra karane meM dUnA lAbha hotA hai (bhaMDalaggAo tAo jalapahagayAo dguNAo havaMti; pR. 146) / isalie sArthavAha vyApAra ke lie kaSTa kI paravAha kiye vinA durgama sthalapathoM aura samudrapathoM kI yAtrA karate haiN| cArudatta kI AtmakathA meM sthalapatha aura samudrapatha se honevAlI yAtrAoM kA rucikara aura romAMcakArI varNana saMghadAsagaNI ne kiyA hai| saca pUchie to, cArudatta kI AtmakathA jA~bAja sArthavAhoM kI samudrayAtrA kI sAhasa-kathA hai, jo budhasvAmI ke 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kI, sAnudAsa kI AtmakathA (sarga 18) kA pratirUpa hote hue bhI apUrva aura advitIya hai| 1. prathame vayasi nAdhItaM dvitIye nArjitaM dhanam / tRtIye na tapastaptaM caturthe kiM kariSyati // (nItizloka) 2. na vittena tarpaNIyo manuSyo lapsyAmahe vittamadrAkSma cettvaa| jIviSyAmo yAvadIziSyasi tvaM varastu me varaNIyaH sa eva // -kaThopaniSad : 1.1.27

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448 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI ne cArudatta kI AtmakathA meM likhA hai ki videza jAkara vyApAra karanA bahuta hI kaSTakara kArya hai (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 144) / usa samaya ke vyApAroM meM sUta aura ruI ke vyApAra ko pramukhatA prApta thii| campApurI ke seTha bhAnudatta kA putra cArudatta uzIrAvarta ke sImAvartI 'dizAsaMvAha' nAmaka gA~va meM apanI sone kI aMgUThI se ruI aura sUta kA vinimaya karake, apane mAmA (siddhArtha) ke sAtha milakara vyApAra karatA thaa| eka dina madhyarAtri meM cUhe dIye kI jalatI huI battI khIMca le gaye, jisase ruI meM Aga laga gii| vyApAra karate-karate usane puna: sUta aura ruI ekatra kara lii| usane unheM gAr3iyoM meM lAdA aura vyApAriyoM ke sAtha vaha utkaladeza calA gyaa| vahA~ bhI usane ruI kharIdI aura use bhI gAr3iyoM meM laadaa| vahA~ se tAmralipti kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| yAtrA ke krama meM usane mAmA ke sAtha dargama jaMgala meM praveza kiyaa| vyApAriyoM ne gahana jaMgalI pradeza meM par3Ava ddaalaa| sAtha meM mAlavAhaka logoM kA saMkhyAbala thA, isalie sabhI nizcinta the| sandhyA ke samaya cora A dhmke| unhoMne siMgA phUMkA aura nagAr3e bjaaye| kucha dera taka ve cora mAlavAhakoM se jUjhate rahe, phira vyApAriyoM ke sAtha hI unakI bhI hatyA karanA zurU kiyaa| anta meM, unhoMne gAr3iyoM meM Aga lagA dI aura sAre mAla lUTa le gye| coroM ke upadrava kI usa har3abar3I ke samaya cArudatta jaMgala meM bhAga niklaa| cArudatta kI AtmakathA se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki usa samaya sArthavAhoM ko bA~sa ke saghana jaMgala ke andhakAra se Acchanna aura bAgha kI gurrAhaTa se vyApta pradezoM ko pAra karanA par3atA thaa| sAtha hI, jaMgalI Aga se bhI unheM barAbara bhaya banA rahatA thaa| aisI hI kaThina paristhiti meM mAmA se bichur3A huA cArudatta 'ajarAmaravataprAjJo vidyAmarthaM ca cintayet', isa nItivAkya ke anusAra dhanArjana ke kArya meM apanI amaratA kI AsthA ke sAtha himmata banAye rhaa| usane mana meM socA : jo kAma maine prArambha kiyA hai, use chor3akara merA ghara vApasa jAnA ucita nahIM hai| utsAha meM hI lakSmI nivAsa karatI hai| daridra vyakti to mRtaka ke samAna hai| svajana se apamAnita hokara jInevAle ko dhikkAra hai| isalie, paradeza meM rahanA hI zreyaskara hai| ___ cArudatta eka janapada se dUsare janapada meM ghUmatA huA krama se priyaMgupaTTaNa phuNcaa| vahA~ usakI bheMTa apane par3osI naukAyAtrI (nAvAsaMjattao) surendradatta se ho gii| cArudatta ne usase eka lAkha rupaye udhAra liye| phira, usane bhI naukA bnvaaii| usapara mAla lAde gaye aura kucha naukara sAtha rakha liye gye| usake bAda usane rAjyazAsana se anumati (pArapatra) prApta kI ('gahio ya rAyasAsaNeNa ptttto)| havA aura saguna kI anukUlatA dekhakara vaha nAva para savAra huaa| dhruva (laMgara) uThA diyA gayA ('ukkhitto dhuvo)| nAva cInasthAna ke lie cala pdd'ii| jalamArga meM sArA loka jalamaya pratIta hotA thaa| ve sabhI naukAyAtrI cInasthAna pahu~ca gye| vahA~ vyApAra karane ke bAda suvarNadvIpa (sumAtrA) gye| phira, pUrva-dakSiNa ke zaharoM kA hiNDana karake kamalapura (khmera), yavanadvIpa (jAvA) aura siMhala (zrIlaMkA) meM unhoMne sampatti arjita kI aura pazcima meM barbara aura yavanadeza jAkara ATha karor3a kmaayaa| vastuoM meM una mudrAoM ko lagAkara unhoMne jalamArga dvArA vyApAra karake dUnA lAbha utthaayaa| usake bAda nAva saurASTra-taTa se hokara clii| saurASTra kA taTa 1. dhruva ko yadi dhruvadarzaka ('bRhat jJAnakoza' ke anusAra, eka dizA-sUcaka yantra yA kutubanumA, jisakI suI barAbara uttara dizA kI ora rahatI hai) mAnA jAya, to yaha anumAna sahaja hI hotA hai ki tatkAlIna nAvoM meM kutubanumA lagA rahatA hogA, jisase naukAyAtrI athAha samudra meM dizA kA jJAna karate hoNge| -le.

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana dikhAI de rahA thA ki tabhI sahasA autpAtika A~dhI se Ahata hokara cArudatta kI nAva naSTa ho gii| bahuta dera ke bAda eka takhtA usake hAtha laga gyaa| usI ko pakar3akara lahara ke sahAre bahatA huA cArudatta sAta rAta ke bAda udumbarAvatI ke taTa para A lgaa| vaha samudra se bAhara aayaa| usakA sArA zarIra khAre pAnI se sapheda par3a gayA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 145-146) / isa kathA-prasaMga se samudrayAtrA ke aneka pakSa ubharakara sAmane Ate haiN| sArthavAha samudra kI yAtrA pUrI taiyArI ke sAtha prArambha karate the| yAtrA karane ke pUrva unheM rAjya-zAsana se paTTa prApta karanA par3atA thaa| yaha paTTa Adhunika pArapatra kA pratirUpa hotA thaa| nAva kholane ke pUrva anukUla mausama aura saguna kI pratIkSA bhI nAvikoM ke lie Avazyaka hotI thii| usa yuga ke sArthavAha bRhattara bhArata meM jalamArga dvArA vyApAra karate the| isa krama meM ve cIna, zrIlaMkA, jAvA, sumAtrA, barbara, yavanadeza, saurASTra Adi dUra-dUra ke dezoM meM jAyA karate the| kabhI-kabhI autpAtika A~dhI meM unakI nAveM DUba jAyA karatI thI aura una sArthavAhoM kA sarvanAza ho jAtA thaa| phira bhI, sArthavAha himmata nahIM hArate the| samudrI tUphAna se baca nikalane para ve puna: sAhasa aura utsAha ke sAtha apanA vyApAra khar3A kara lete the| cArudatta bhI jaba samudrI tUphAna se baca nikalA, taba vaha lohe ko sonA banAnevAle eka tridaNDI parivrAjaka ke cakkara meM pha~sa gyaa| tridaNDI ne sonA banAnevAle rasa kI upalabdhi ke lie use carmakUrpAsaka pahanAkara, rAtri meM yogavartikA jalAkara, usI ke prakAza meM kue~ meM utaaraa| kue~ ke tala para pahu~cate hI use rasakuNDa dikhAI pdd'aa| parivrAjaka ne maciyA-sahita tUMbA kue~ meM lttkaayaa| cArudatta ne karachula se tUMbe meM rasa bharakara use maciye para rkhaa| parivrAjaka ne rassI khIMcakara ta~bA to Upara uThA liyA, para cArudatta ko kue~ meM hI chor3akara vaha calA gyaa| cArudatta nirbhIka, sAhasI aura mahAprANa vyakti thaa| subaha hone para eka bahuta bar3I goha suraMga ke rAste kue~ meM pAnI pIne aaii| jaba vaha lauTane lagI, taba cArudatta ne usakI pU~cha pakar3a lii| suraMga ke bhItara se vaha goha tIra kI gati se use khIMcatI huI dUra jAkara eka jaMgala meM nikala gii| carmakUsika pahane rahane ke kAraNa usakA zarIra chilA nhiiN| jaMgala meM bhayAnaka bhaiMse aura ajagara ke AkramaNa se bacatA huA vaha kA~ToM kI jhAr3iyoM meM bhaTakatA rhaa| tabhI acAnaka usakA par3osI rudradatta use dikhAI pdd'aa| donoM paraspara milakara bar3e prasanna hue (tatraiva : pR. 147-148) / ___ kathAkAra ne saMketita kiyA hai ki usa samaya ke sArthavAha isa siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karate the ki vyApAra meM bhAgya, pU~jI aura udyoga tInoM kI samanvita pratiSThA se hI dhanAgama hotA hai| tabhI to rudradatta ne cArudatta ko Azvasta karate hue kahA thA: 'mA visAyaM vaccaha, tubbhaM bhAgadhijjehiM appeNa pakkheveNa sarIraciTThAguNeNa bahuM :davvaM uvajjeyavvaM'; (tatraiva : pR. 148) / cArudatta kA bhAgya aura rudradatta kI pU~jI (prakSepa) tathA donoM ke zArIrika udyoga jaba Apasa meM mila gaye, taba vyApAra ne puna: eka nayA mor3a liyaa| yahA~ kathAkAra ne sthalapatha meM yAtrA karanevAle sArthavAhoM ke prANaghAtI kaSToM kA mArmika varNana upanyasta kiyA hai| cArudatta apane mitra rudradatta kI sahAyatA se rAjapura phuNcaa| vahA~ rudradatta ne vyApAra ke lie mAlA, AbhUSaNa, alaktaka (lAkha), lAla kapar3e aura kaMkaNa prabhRti vastuoM ko khriidaa| phira, vaha cArudatta ke sAtha vyApAra ke nimitta yAtrA kara rahe sArthavAhoM meM sammilita ho gyaa| krama se ve sindhu-sAgara-saMgama nadI ko pArakara Darate hue

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA uttara-pUrva dizA kI ora cle| hUNa, khasa aura cInabhUmi ko pArakara ve vaitADhya parvata kI tarAI meM sthita zaMkupatha pahu~ce / kathAkAra ne zaMkupatha pAra karane kA vizada aura romAMcakArI varNana kiyA hai| ___sabhI sArthoM ne par3Ava ddaalaa| rasoI taiyAra kii| jaMgalI phala bhI bhojana meM sammilita kiye gye| bhojana karane ke bAda sArthabandhuoM ne tumbaru phala ko kUTakara cUrNa taiyAra kiyaa| mArgadarzaka yA agragAmI (puraMgama) sArtha ne nirdeza dete hue kahA : sabhI koI poTalI meM cUrNa bharakara apanI kamara se laTakA leM aura apanI-apanI vastuoM ko thaile meM bharakara kA~kha se bA~dha leN| usake bAda hama sabhI parvata-zikhara kI nukIlI kIloM ko hAtha se pakar3akara, usake nIce bahanevAlI vijayA nadI ke athAha hRda ke zaMkupatha ko pAra kareMge / jaba hAtha pasIjane lageMge, taba tumbaru-cUrNa lagAkara, hAthoM ko rukhar3A kara kIloM ko pakar3eMge, anyathA patthara kI kIla se hAtha chUTane para hama sabhI besahArA hokara dustara hRda meM gira pdd'eNge| ___agragAmI kI bAta mAnakara sabhI sArthoM ne vaisA hI kiyA aura zaMkupatha ko pAra karake ve kisI eka janapada meM pahu~ca gye| vahA~ se calakara sabhI sArthavAha iSuvegA nadI ke taTa para pahu~ce aura par3Ava ddaalaa| pake hue jaMgalI phaloM kA bhojana kiyaa| phira, mArgadarzaka ne nirdeza aura cetAvanI dete hue kahA : vaitADhya-parvata se nikalI isa athAha iSuvegA nadI meM jo bhI utaregA, use tIra kI taraha bahanevAlI dhArA bahA le jaaygii| isalie, tairakara pAra karane kI icchA se isa nadI meM paiThanA sambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM vetralatA ke sahAre isa nadI ko pAra kiyA jA skegaa| jaba uttara kI havA calatI hai, taba, pahAr3a se hokara eka sAtha nikalanevAlI, usa havA ke jhoMke se gopucchAkAra evaM svabhAvata: lacIlI aura Thosa vetralatAe~ dAhinI aura jhukatI haiM aura jhukakara iSuvegA nadI ke dAyeM taTa para pahu~catI haiN| inhIM vetralatAoM ko pakar3akara yAtrI nadI ke dakSiNa taTa para pahu~ca jAte haiN| phira, jaba dakSiNa kI havA calatI hai, taba vetralatAe~ uttara kI ora jhukatI haiM aura pAra jAne ko icchuka yAtrI vetralatAoM ko pakar3akara uttarI taTa para pahu~ca jAte haiM / isalie, hama sabhI anukUla havA kI pratIkSA kreN| budhasvAmI ne bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' (18.433-35) meM ise hI 'vetrapatha' kahA hai| __mArgadarzaka ke nirdezAnusAra sabhI sArthavAhoM ne apanI-apanI vastue~ kamara se bA~dha lI aura vetralatA ke pora ke bicale hisse ko pakar3a liyA aura jaba dakSiNa kI havA calI, taba ve sabhI nadI ke uttarI taTa para utara gaye aura vetralatA se saghana parvatazikharoM ke bIca rAstA khojate hue TaMkaNadeza jA pahu~ce gye| vahA~ se phira eka pahAr3I nadI ke tIra para pahu~cakara sImAnta-kSetra meM unhoMne par3Ava DAlA / vahA~ bhojana se nivRtta hone ke bAda, mArganirdezaka ke sUcanAnusAra una sabhI ne apanI-apanI vastuoM ko alaga rakha diyaa| phira, lakar3I ke Dhera meM Aga lagAkara ve sabhI eka ora jA dubake / Aga dekhakara TaMkaNa (mlecchajAti ke loga) vahA~ A pahu~ce / unhoMne sArthavAhoM kA sArA mAla le liyA aura badale meM bakare aura phala chor3akara apane jAne ke izAre ke lie eka dUsarI Aga jalAkara vApasa cale gye| sabhI sArthavAhoM ne vahA~ ba~dhe hue bakare aura phala le liye| usake bAda sImA nadI ke taTa se prasthAna karake ve sabhI ajapatha pahu~ca gye| vizrAma aura bhojana ke bAda purogAmI ke nirdezAnusAra ve sabhI apanI-apanI A~khoM para paTTiyA~ bA~dhakara bakare para savAra ho gaye aura tIkhe car3hAvavAle 'vajrakoTi-saMsthita' parvata ke pAra cale gye| ThaNDI havA kI mAra se

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 451 apanI deha sikor3e hue bakare vahA~ ruka gye| sabhI sArthavAhoM ne apanI-apanI A~khoM se paTTI utAra dii| pahAr3a ke Upara samatala bhUmibhAga para sabhI sArthavAhoM ne bhojana aura vizrAma kiyA / puna: mArganirdezaka ne sArthavAhoM ko nirdeza diyA: bakare ko mArakara sabhI koI usake mAMsa pakAkara khA leM aura apanI-apanI kamara meM churI bA~dhakara lahU se sane unake camar3e ke khola meM ghusa jAya~ / ratnadvIpa se vizAla zarIravAle bhAruNDa pakSI yahA~ vicarane ke lie Ate haiN| ve yahA~ bAgha, rIcha aura bhAlU ke dvArA mAre gaye jIvoM kA mAMsa khAte haiM aura bar3e-bar3e mAMsapiNDa apane ghoMsale meM le jAte haiM / lahU se sane camar3e ke khola meM ghuse hue hameM bRhat mAMsapiNDa samajhakara ve ratnadvIpa meM uThA le jaayeNge| jyoM hI ve hameM jamIna para rakheMge, tyoM hI churI se camar3e ke khola ko cIrakara hama bAhara nikala aayeNge| vahA~ hama ratnadvIpa meM ratnasaMgraha kareMge / punaH hama vaitADhya parvata ke nikaTavartI suvarNabhUmi meM jA pahu~ceMge aura vahA~ se naukA dvArA pUrvadeza meM lauTa AyeMge (gandharvadattAlambha: pR. 148-49) / budhasvAmI ne 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM uparyukta 'ajapatha' kA varNana (18.449-61 ) aura bhI adhika bhayAnakatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| eka bakare ke jAne lAyaka suraMganumA mArga hone ke kAraNa hI usa mArga kA nAma 'ajapatha' par3A thA / budhasvAmI ne likhA hai ki ajapatha kA nAma sunate hI bhaya ho AtA hai / bhRgupatana ( pahAr3a ke kagAra se girakara AtmahatyA) karanevAloM ke lie DhalavA~ caTTAna kI taraha usa ajapatha kI caTTAna to dekhane meM aura adhika bhayAnaka pratIta hotI hai| isI saMkIrNa ajapatha meM sAnudAsa ko sAmane se AnevAle zatru ko mArakara apanA patha prazasta karanA par3A thaa| isI krama meM budhasvAmI ke veNupatha (18.439-46) aura khagapatha (bhAruNDa pakSa dvArA ur3A le jAne kA mArga) kA varNana (18.499-505) bhI vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / cArudatta ne apanI yAtrA meM jo mArga apanAyA thA, vahI mArga guNADhya kI 'bRhatkathA' meM rahA hogA, aisA anumAna hai / kyoMki, cArudatta kI isI sAhasika yAtrAkathA kA pratirUpa 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM upalabdha hai / yadyapi, 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' ke sAnudAsa kI sAhasika yAtrA suvarNadvIpa taka hI sImita hai / kintu, cArudatta kI yAtrA priyaMgupaTTaNa, jo kadAcit pUrvadeza, yAnI baMgAla meM hogA, se prArambha huii| isa sandarbha meM, DaoN. motIcandra ne prAcIna bhArata kI patha-paddhati ke nirdeza ke krama meM, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA varNita cArudatta ke yAtrAmArga ke vivaraNa kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai ki cArudatta priyaMgupaTTaNa se cInasthAna, arthAt cIna gayA aura vahA~ se vaha malaya- eziyA phuNcaa| rAste meM vaha kamalapura bhI gayA thA, jisakI pahacAna kambuja se kI jA sakatI hai aura jo meru athavA araboM ke kamara ( khmera) kA rUpAntara mAtra hai / vahA~ se vaha jAvA pahu~cA aura phira vahA~ se siMhala (zrIlaMkA) / saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita pazcima barbara se yahA~ sindha ke prasiddha bandaragAha 'bArbarikona' kA smaraNa AtA hai| yahA~ ke bAda yavana, yAnI sikandariyA kA bandaragAha AtA hai / cArudatta ne apanI madhya eziyA kI yAtrA sindhu-sAgara-saMgama, yAnI prAcIna barbara ke bandaragAha se prArambha kii| vahA~ se kadAcit sindhu nadI ke sAtha calate hue vaha hUNoM ke pradeza meM pahu~cA / vaitADhya 1 1. ayaM cAjapatho nAma zrUyamANo vibhISaNaH / dRzyamAno vizeSeNa bhRguH pAtArthinAmiva // (18.461) 2. 'dra. sArthavAha', pra. bihAra- rASTra bhASA-pariSad, paTanA, pra. saM, san 1953 I. : pR.132-133

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452 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kA sambandha DaoN. motIcandra ne tAzakuragana se jor3A hai aura vijayA nadI kA sambandha sIra dariyA se| iSuvegA unakI dRSTi meM vaMkSu nadI hai| madhya eziyA ke rahanevAloM meM kAzagara ke khasa, maMgola ke hUNa aura usake bAda cIniyoM se cArudatta kI bheMTa huii| madhya eziyA ke taMgaNoM (TaMkaNoM) se usane vyApAra bhI kiyA thaa| uparyukta yAtrApathoM ke vibhinna nAmoM kA ullekha purANoM tathA bauddhoM ke kathA-sAhitya meM, vizeSa kara 'mahAbhArata', 'mahAniddeza' aura 'milindapajha' meM bhI huA hai| purANoM meM 'vAyupurANa' aura 'matsyapurANa' ne ukta yAtrApathoM kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne anyatra bhI jalapatha ke saMcAra-sAdhanoM meM nAvoM aura jahAjoM kI carcA kI hai evaM kaSTaprada samudra-yAtrA kI nirvighnatA ke lie pUjA-vidhAna kA ullekha kiyA hai| kathA hai ki eka dina padminIkheTa kA nivAsI sArthavAha bhadramitra jahAja se samudrayAtrA karane kI icchA se siMhapura phuNcaa| bhadramitra ne socA : samudrayAtrA aneka vighnoM se bharI hotI hai| sArA dhana sAtha lekara jAnA zreyaskara nahIM hogA, isalie kisI vizvAsI ghara meM use rakha denA ucita hogaa| usane zrIbhUti purohita ke ghara apane dhana ko rakhane kI icchA vyakta kii| zrIbhUti ne bar3I kaThinAI se dhana rakhanA svIkAra kiyA aura sIla-muhara karake usakI thAtI ko surakSita kara diyaa| sArthavAha bhadramitra vizvasta hokara cala par3A aura 'velApattana' (bandaragAha para) phuNcaa| jahAja calane ko taiyAra huaa| yAtrA kI nirvighnatA ke lie pUjA kI gii| samudrI havA kI anukUlatA se eka pattana (bandaragAha) se dUsare pattana kI yAtrA karate hue bhadramitra ne sampatti arjita kI (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 253) / isa kathAprasaMga se tatkAlIna artha-vyavasthA ke mahattvapUrNa pakSa dhana ko sIla-muhara karake ('muhito nikkhitto nikkhevo') surakSita rakhane kA saMketa kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| usa yuga meM vyApAriyoM dvArA rAjakoSa kI vRddhi ke lie cuMgI cukAne kI bhI prathA pracalita thii| dhammillacarita (pR. 62) meM kathA hai ki dhanavasu (tAmralipti ke dhanapati sArthavAha kA putra) kI samudrI nAva jaba calI, taba vaha anukUla samudrI havA pAkara abhIpsita deza pahu~ca gaI / vahA~ laMgara DAla diyA gayA aura pAla bhI utAra diyA gyaa| samudrI yAtrI jahAja se nIce utare aura usake bhItara se mAla utArA gyaa| cuMgI de dI gii| usake bAda samudrI vyApAriyoM (sAMyAtriko) ne vahA~ vyApAra karanA zurU kiyA ('diNNA ya raaydaannaa| tattha ya saMjattayavANiyayA vavahariuM pkttaa')| saMghadAsagaNI ne sthalapatha ke saMcAra-sAdhanoM meM bailagAr3I ke atirikta khaccara, U~Ta, gadhe, hAthI, bakare Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| kathA hai ki svAdhyAya meM udyata zAstra-samudra ke pAraMgata aura apratibaddha anagAra siMhacandra ne eka bAra eka rAjya se dUsare rAjya meM caMkramaNa kI icchA se zakaTavAhI vyApArI ke sAtha aTavI meM praveza kiyaa| vahA~ vyApArI ne paTamaNDapa (tambUkhar3A kara par3Ava ddaalaa| gAr3iyoM se bailoM ko kholakara unake Age ghAsa-puAla DAla diye| vyApArI kI AvAja sunakara eka hAthI usa pradeza meM A phuNcaa| vaha gAr3iyoM ko ulaTAtA aura paTamaNDapa ko phAr3atA huA vicaraNa karane lagA (tatraiva : pR. 256) / isa kathA se yaha spaSTa hai ki vyApArI tambU khar3A karake par3Ava DAlate the| isI prakAra, cArudatta jaba apanA deza lauTA thA, taba campApura ke bAhara vidyAdhara deva se prApta khaccara, gadhe, U~Ta Adi savArI ke sAdhana bA~dha diye gaye the aura vividha vastuoM aura upaskaroM se ladI gAr3iyA~ ThaharA dI gaI thIM (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 154) / 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'sArthavAha' (vahI) : pR. 139-140

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 453 usa yuga meM dUdha aura ghI kA vyApAra bhI bar3e paimAne para hotA thA / vasudeva dugdhavAhakoM dvArA banAI gaI pagaDaNDI kA anusaraNa karate hue hI girikUTa gA~va meM pahu~ce the / ('jA duddhavAhiehiM padapajjA kayA tI'NusajjamANo vaccasu tti; somazrIlambha: pR. 182 ) / aMga-janapada kA eka gopabAlaka jaba yuvA huA, taba vaha gAr3iyoM meM ghI ke baratana bharakara campApurI le jAne aura vahA~ ghI kA vyApAra karane lagA ('so ya se dArao vayavaDio jovvaNatyo jAto, ghayassa sagaDANi bhareUNa caMpaM gato / vikkIyaM ghayaM kathotpatti : pR. 13) / saMghadAsagaNI ne tatkAlIna dUkAnoM kI sajAvaTa kI vidhi, vikretAoM aura grAhakoM kI cahala-pahala evaM grAhakoM se dUkAnadAroM ke vyavahAra para bhI acchA prakAza DAlA hai / vasudeva se malayadeza ke eka nagara ke bAjAra meM bhramaNa kA anubhava sunAte hue aMzumAn ne batAyA thA ki jaba vaha suzobhita nagara ke bAjAra kI galiyoM se gujarA, taba use vahA~ vibhinna dizAoM, nagaroM aura parvatoM se prApta vastuoM se sajI dukAneM dikhAI pdd'iiN| bAjAra kI galiyA~ to vikretAoM aura kharIdAroM, sAtha hI kutUhalI vyaktiyoM se khacAkhaca bharI huI thiiN| vaha jaba eka sArthavAha kI dukAna para pahu~cA, taba usane use praNAma kiyA aura baiThane ke lie Asana diyA aura yaha bhI kahA ki Apako jisa cIja kI jarUrata ho, nissaMkoca kahie (puNDrAlambha : pR. 210 ) / isI prakAra, vasudeva jaba eka sArthavAha kI dukAna para pahu~ce the, taba usane unakA svAgata karate hue baiThane ke lie Asana diyA thA (raktavatIlambha: pR. 218) / isa kathAprasaMga se spaSTa hai ki tatkAlIna artha-vyavasthA meM dukAnoM aura bAjAroM kI samRddhi kA ullekhanIya mahattva thaa| dukAnoM meM dUra-dUra ke dezoM meM sthita parvatoM aura nagaroM se mAla lAkara kraya-vikraya ke nimitta ekatra kiye jAte the / saMghadAsagaNI ne mAla ke lie bhaMDa (< bhANDa) zabda kA sArvatrika prayoga kiyA hai| ('bahuvihaM bhaMDaM ghettUNa gAma- nagarAINi vavaharaMtA hiMDaMti; ketumatIlambha: pR. 333) / upakaraNa ke artha meM bhI 'bhaMDa' zabda prayukta huA hai / vasudeva ne zrAvastI kI azokavanikA meM pahale se hI sajAkara rakhe gaye mRdaMga, mukunda (mRdaMgavizeSa), bA~surI, kAMsyatAlikA (ma~jIrA) Adi Atodya ke upakaraNa (vAdyayantra) dekhe the ('tattha ya ahaM puvvasAraviyAI AujjabhaMDAI pAsAmi murava - mukuMda-vaMsakaMsAliyAninAyao; priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 282) / kathAkAra ne vyApAriyoM dvArA mAla becane ke eka anokhe tarIke kA ullekha kiyA hai / kathA hai ki bilapaMktikA aTavI meM bAgha se mAre gaye jinadAsa ne usI jaMgala meM vAnara ke rUpa meM punarjanma grahaNa kiyA / vahA~ use apane pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho aayaa| eka dina kucha sArtha usa jaMgala meM aaye| unake bIca mRdaMga Adi vAdyoM ko dekhakara vAnara ne unheM bajAyA aura nAca bhI dikhAyA / parituSTa vaNik usa vAnara ko apanI AjIvikA kA mAdhyama banAne ke nimitta pakar3akara mathurA nagarI le gaye / vahA~ ve usase bAjA bajavAte aura mAla kA vikraya karate / bAda meM, use unhoMne eka hajAra ATha mudrAe~ lekara rAjA ke hAthoM beca diyA (tatraiva pR. 285) / mAla becane kA yaha DhaMga Adhunika kAla meM bhI vibhinna nagaroM kI sar3akoM para yatra-tatra dekhane ko milatA hai / usa yuga meM AdAna-pradAna yA vyaya - vinimaya ke nimitta sikke ke rUpa meM svarNamudrAoM kA pracalana thA / yadyapi, mudrA zabda kA spaSTa ullekha kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne nahIM kiyA hai / unhoMne kahIM hiraNya, suvarNa, dravya, dhana Adi arjana karane kI carcA kI hai, to kahIM kevala saMkhyA kA saMketa .

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454 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kara diyA hai| jaise : 'atyi kuTuMbiNo, jehito sakkA hiraNNaM ghettuM' (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 145); 'babbara-javaNe ya ajjiyAo aTTha koDIo' (tatraiva : pR. 146); 'uvaNIyA battIsa koDIo vilieNa kavileNa' (kapilAlambha : pR. 200), 'pai divasaM addhasahassaM vasaMtatilayAmAUe 'visajjaMti' (dhammillacarita : pR. 29) Adi / saMghadAsagaNI ne eka jagaha 'dInAra' kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| kathA hai ki ujjayinI jAte hue sArthavAhoM meM eka sArthamahattaraka ko tridaNDI parivrAjaka ne, jo vastuta: cora thA, alaga le jAkara usase kahA : 'mujhe eka bhikSAdAtA ne devatA ke lie dhUpa ke mUlyasvarUpa paccIsa dInAra diye haiN|' yaha kahakara dhUrta tridaNDI ne nakalI dInAra sArtha ko dikhlaaye| taba sArthavAha ne kahA : 'bhagavan ! Apa DareM nhiiN| hamAre pAsa bhI bahuta pAre dInAra haiN| yAtrA meM jo dazA ApakI hogI, vahIM hamArI bhI hogii|' ('bhayavaM mA bIheha amhaM bahutarA dINArA asthi, jaM amhaM hohiti taM tubmaMpi hohiti; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 43) / bRhat hindI (jJAna)-koza ke anusAra, dInAra sone ke viziSTa sikke kA nAma thaa| yaha sikkA prAcIna samaya meM eziyA aura yUropa meM calatA thaa| deza aura kAlabheda se isakI taula aura mUlya meM bhinnatA hotI thii| sone kI mudrA yA azarphI ko bhI dInAra kahA jAtA thaa| kathAkAra ke varNana se yaha spaSTa hai ki usa prAcIna yuga meM pU~jI ko 'prakSepa' aura thAtI yA dharohara ko 'nikSepa' kahane kI sAmAnya prathA thii| usa yuga meM vyApArI karor3oM kA mAla sAtha lekara calate the| lena-dena ke lie paNa yA sikke kA hI prayoga pracalita thaa| vyApArI apane mAla ko gAr3iyoM meM tathA paNoM yA sikko ko boroM meM bharakara aura unheM khaccaroM para lAdakara le jAte the| kathotpatti-prakaraNa kI eka kathA hai ki koI baniyA gAr3iyoM meM eka karor3a kA mAla aura khaccaroM para boroM meM bhare sikke lAdakara vyApAra ke lie jA rahA thA, tabhI jaMgala meM khaccara ke Ubar3a-khAbar3a rAste para calane se borA phaTa gayA aura sikke girakara bikhara gye| baniyA jabataka sikkoM ko baTorane meM lagA rahA, tabataka cora usake sAre mAla curAkara cala diye (pR. 15) / ukta kathAprasaMga se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki sthalapatha ke sArthavAha yAtriyoM ko bhI mArga meM coroM yA DAkuoM se lUTe jAne kA bhaya barAbara banA rahatA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, cora apane ghAtaka astroM se vyApAriyoM kI hatyA taka kara DAlate the| rAste meM coroM aura luTeroM ke atirikta jaMgalI hiMsraka jAnavaroM ke bhaya se bhI sArthavAha nirantara AtaMkita rahate the| isIlie, 'atharvaveda' ke pRthvIsUkta meM sArthavAha ke mArgoM ke taskara-vihIna aura kalyANakArI hone kI prArthanA kI gaI hai : 'yaiH saJcarantyubhaye bhadrapApAstaM panthAnaM jayemAnamitramataskara, yacchivaM tena no mRDa' (atharva. 12.1.47) / vyApAra aura artha-vyavasthA ke krama meM mApa-taula kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne pAliyA (dhammillacarita : pR. 57) aura kumbhAra (tatraiva : pR. 64) jaise viziSTa parimANoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 'pAiyasaddamahaNNavo' meM 'pAli' kA artha, dhAnya mApane kI nApa diyA gayA hai| bRhat hindI-koza ke anusAra, 'pAlI' 'prastha' nAmaka parimANa hai| prastha battIsa pala yA ADhaka ke caturthAMza kA eka prAcIna parimANa hai| loka-pracalita parimANa-vizeSa 'pailI' se bhI yaha tulanIya hai| ApTe mahodaya ne bhI battIsa pala ke parimANa ko 'prastha' kahA hai| 'amarakoza' kI maNiprabhA nAma kI hindI-TIkA ke kartA paM. haragovinda mizra ne kozakAra amarasiMha dvArA saMketita tIna prakAra ke mAnoM (tulA, aMguli aura prastha) ke antargata 'prastha' kI vivRti meM pauvA, sera, paserI

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 455 Adi ko hI 'prastha' kahA hai (2.9.85) / kumbhAgra kA artha, 'pAiyasaddamahaNNavo' ke anusAra, magadha deza meM prasiddha parimANa-vizeSa hai| prasaMgavaza, kumbhAgra kA artha TokarI yA DhAkI yA chaiTI hai : 'kuMbhaggaso viinno kusumovayAro' (tatraiva : pR. 64) / arthAt, yuvarAja kI lalitagoSThI meM TokariyoM yA DhAkiyoM yA chaiTiyoM se phUla bikhere gye| ___saMghadAsagaNI ne yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki usa yuga kI artha-vyavasthA meM kRSi kA tato'dhika mahattva thaa| dhAna kI upaja usa samaya adhika hotI thii| isalie, kathAkAra ne kalama cAvala, dhAnya, vrIhi aura zAli kI vizeSa carcA kI hai| bhagavAn zAntinAtha ke vizeSaNa meM kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki deva aura manuSyoM kI pariSad ke bIca vaha phalabhAra se jhuke zAlikSetra kI unnata bhUmi ke samAna ('phalabhAragaruyasAlivappasamugga iva') virAjamAna the| isase spaSTa hai ki usa kAla meM zAlikSetroM (dhanakhetoM) kA prAcurya thaa| kisAna rAta-rAtabhara khetoM kI kyAriyA~ paTAyA karate the (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 295) / tRNa yA ghAsa-phUsa ko ur3AnevAlI saMvartaka nAmaka vAyu (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 159) ke ullekha se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki anAja osAne ke kAmoM meM isa havA kA vizeSa mahattva thaa| nairRtyakoNa kI havA se varSA ke ruka jAne kA saMketa kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| vasudeva jaba kAlamegha ke samAna meghasena se lar3a rahe the, taba usane vasudeva para bANoM kI varSA se durdina jaisA kara diyA, kintu nairRtyakoNa kI havA se jisa prakAra varSA ruka jAtI hai, usI prakAra vAyuvega se bANa pheMkakara vasudeva ne meghasena kI bANa-varSA ko roka diyaa| (azvasenAlambha : pR. 207) isase spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI usa mausama-vijJAna se bhI pUrNa paricita the, jo kRSi kI dRSTi se apanA vizeSa mUlya rakhatA hai| niSkarSa : uparivivRta sandarbho se yaha samudbhAsita hotA hai ki tatkAlIna prAcIna bhAratIya artha-vyavasthA meM kRSaka tathA vANijya ke sUtradhara vyApArI yA sArthavAha mUlAdhAra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita the| sArthavAha zabda meM svayaM usake artha-pratinidhitva-viSayaka artha kI vyAkhyA nihita hai| 'amarakoza' ke TIkAkAra kSIrasvAmI ne likhA hai ki pU~jI dvArA vyApAra karanevAle pAnthoM yA sArthoM kA jo aguA ho, vaha sArthavAha hai ('sArthAn sadhanAn sarato vA pAnthAn vahatIti sArthavAha'; amara. 2.9.78) / amarakozakAra ne sArtha kA artha yAtrA karanevAle pAnthoM kA samUha ('adhvanavRnda') kiyA hai| vastutaH, sArtha kA artha thA-samAna yA sahayukta artha (pU~jI) vAle vyApArI / sAmAnya vyApArI 'sArtha' kahalAte the aura unakA netA jyeSTha vyApArI 'saarthvaah'| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sArtha, sArthavAha, sArthamahattaraka Adi zabdoM kA prAya: yathAsthAna aura yathAyatha prayoga kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM ye sabhI ibhya (vaNik)-kula ke sadasya the| phira bhI, kathAkAra dvArA yathopanyasta varNanoM se yaha saMketita hotA hai ki sArtha vaNik yA vaNik saMgha kA arthavAcI thA aura usakA pramukha, vaNikpati yA sArthavAha / dhArmika tIrthayAtrA ke lie prasthita saMgha meM jo sthAna unake netA saMghapati kA hotA thA, vahI sthiti vyApArika yAtrA meM sArthavAha kI thii| sArthavAha kA hI nikaTatama a~garejI-paryAya 'kAravAna-lIDara' hai| DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne likhA hai ki vyApArika jagat meM jo sone kI khetI huI, usake khile puSpa cunanevAle vyakti sArthavAha the|' 1. sArthavAha ke sambandha meM mUlyavAn adhyayana ke lie DaoN. motIcandra kI kRti 'sArthavAha' (vahI) meM DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kI vizada bhUmikA draSTavya hai|

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456 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI ne to sRSTi ke AdipuruSa ke rUpa meM bhI do sArthavAha-putroM ('duve satyavAhaputtA) kI hI parikalpanA kI hai (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 157) / _ 'vasudevahiNDI' ke sArthavAha buddhi ke dhanI, satyaniSTha, atula sAhasI, vyAvahArika sUjha-bUjha se sampanna, atizaya udAra, mahAn dAnI, dharma aura saMskRti meM ruci rakhanevAle, pratyeka naI sthiti-paristhiti ke svAgata meM kuzala, deza-videza kI jAnakArI ke mahAkoSa, yavana, barbara, khasa, hUNa Adi videziyoM ke sAtha A~kha milAnevAle aura unakI bhASA aura rIti-nIti ke pArakhI the| ye sArthavAha mahAsAgara ke taTa para sthita madhya-eziyA aura malaya-eziyA ke dezoM-tAmralipti se yavadvIpa taka tathA pazcima meM yavana-barbara dezoM taka ke vizAla jala aura sthala para chAye hue the| inhIM sArthavAhoM ke netRtva meM eka hI jalayAna yA pravahaNa para yAtrA karanevAle saba vyApArI, cAhe unameM pU~jI kA sAjhA yA kauTilya ke zabdoM meM 'sambhUyasamutthAna' ho yA na ho, sAMyAtrika kahe jAte the| vastuta: vaidhAnika dRSTi se unake pArasparika uttaradAyitva aura sAjhedArI ke samajhautoM kI sImAe~ aura svarUpa kyA the, yaha viSaya abhI taka kuhelikAcchanna hai / isa ora saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI kisI nirNAyaka bindu kI ora saMketa nahIM kiyA hai| kintu, tatkAlIna rAjAoM ke sAmrAjya kI mUlabhitti--artha-vyavasthA kI AdhArazilA ye sArthavAha hI the, isameM koI sandeha nhiiN| (gha) bhaugolika evaM rAjanItika AsaMga tathA aitihAsika sAkSya 'vasudevahiNDI' bhaugolika aura rAjanItika itihAsa kA pratinidhi grantha hai| isa mahAgrantha ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNI ne kathA ke vyAja se bhaugolika aura rAjanItika itihAsa ke aneka tathyoM ko upanyasta kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya meM pravahamANa brAhmaNa, jaina aura bauddhoM kI saMskRta, prAkRta aura pAli kI dhArAe~ eka hI saMskRti ke mahAkSetra ko sIMcatI haiN| unameM paraspara avicchinna sambandha hai| aitihAsika sAmagrI aura zabdarala sabameM bikhare par3e haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke adhyayana se yaha tathya ubharakara sAmane AtA hai ki isa kathA-mahArNava se na kevala bhAratIya sAhitya yA saMskRti ke vividha aMgoM kA, apitu, cIna se yUnAna taka kI bhaugolika evaM rAjanItika sAmagrI kA bhI, rASTrIya itihAsa ke nirmANa ke nimitta, dohana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie, isa kathAgrantha ko rASTrIya itihAsa ke tattvoM kI upalabdhi kI dRSTi se kalpavRkSa yA kAmadhenu kahanA aucitya ke adhika nikaTa hogaa| prAcIna paramparA se prApta upAkhyAna-samUha ko itihAsa kahate haiM / itihAsa kI, prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA nirdhArita paribhASA ke anusAra, puruSArthacatuSTaya ke upadeza se saMvalita kathAoM se paripUrNa pUrvavRtta ko itihAsa kahate haiN| isa prakAra ke itihAsa yA aitihAsika sAkSya-pradhAna granthoM meM 'mahAbhArata' kA sarvAgraNI sthAna hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' bhI isI artha meM itihAsa kI saMjJA Ayatta karane kI vizeSatA rakhatI hai / bahuzruta kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne pUrvavRtta ke varNana ke krama meM aitihAsika sAkSya kA vinyAsa to kiyA hI hai, bhaugolika aura rAjanItika AsaMga bhI pracura rUpa meM prastuta kiye haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' kI itihAsagandhI yA aitihAsika AcchAdanavAlI kathAoM ke pAtroM aura dezoM kI nAmAvalI purANa, itihAsa evaM aitihya paramparA se Ayatta kI hai| 1. dharmArthakAmamokSANAmupadezasamanvitam / pUrvavRttaM kathAyuktamitihAsaM pracakSate // -ApTe : saMskRta-hindI-koza

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 457 saMghadAsagaNI itihAsakAra nahIM, apitu kathAkAra the / isalie, unhoMne aitihyamUlaka tathyoM bahuraMgI kalpanAoM se kamanIya banAkara upasthApita kiyA hai| prAkRta-kathAkAroM kI vizeSa dRSTi yaha rahI hai ki ve manuSya ko anAdi kAla se pravarttita karma - paramparA yA 'yathAniyukto'smi tathA karomi kI samarpita bhAvanA kA vaMzavada nahIM mAnate, apitu use AtmanirmAtA aura AtmanetA samajhate the / isIlie prAkRta-kathAoM meM kevala sthApatya kI hI navInatA nahIM hai, varan unake vicAra, vastu aura bhAvanAe~ bhI navIna haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM meM aitihya kA AbhAsa eka viziSTa sthApatya bana gayA hai| isalie isa kathAgrantha meM itihAsa ke kaI aise sUtra milate haiM, jo manorama kathAoM ke sAtha prAmANika itihAsa ke sAkSya prastuta karate haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne aitihAsika sAkSya ke pariprekSya meM apanI kalpanA kI samIcIna viniyukti karake kathAoM meM Aptatva yA prAmANya kI pratiSThA kI hai, aura isa prakAra itihAsa ke AvaraNa meM upanyasta 'vasudevahiNDI' kI caritakathAe~ arddha- aitihAsika bana gaI haiN| saMghadAsagaNI svayaM vItarAga kathAkAra aura prAmANika vaktA haiM isalie unakI kathA meM svayaM hI Aptatva Ahita hai aura phira kathA ke zrotA aura vaktA ke rUpa meM samrAT zreNika aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI sAkSitA sthApita ho jAne se usakI aitihAsikatA tato'dhika vizvasanIya ho gaI hai| 1 bhaugolika aura rAjanItika tattvoM se anuprANita 'vasudevahiNDI' kI aitihAsika sAkSyamUlaka kathAoM kA apanA viziSTa mUlya hai, aura isIlie ye kathAe~ itihAsAdhRta bhaugolika aura rAjanItika tattvoM se sahaja hI jur3I huI haiN| itihAsa aura rAjanIti kA mAnava samAja aura saMskRti se gaharA sambandha hai, isalie sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika viSaya ke viziSTa aMgabhUta bhUgola kA anuzIlana bhI isa sandarbha meM apekSita ho jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna mAnavazAstriyoM ne mAnava-jAti yA mAnava-samAja ke vikAsa ke lie bhaugolika vAtAvaraNa ke prabhAvoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhaugolika sImA aura rAjanItika maryAdA ke nirdhAraNa aura vizleSaNa ke mAdhyama dvArA hI aitihAsika mUlyaviSayaka tattatsthAnIya tatkAlIna rASTravAdI sAMskRtika cetanA kA jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie, yahA~ bhaugolika evaM rAjanItika mahattva se saMvalita aitihAsika tattvoM kA digdarzana apekSita hogA / dvIpa : saMghadAsagaNI dvArA saMketita dvIpa, kSetra, parvata, nadiyA~ Adi tatkAlIna bhaugolika tattvoM ko udbhAvita karate haiM, to deza, janapada, nagara, grAma, sanniveza Adi ke varNana se tatsAmayika rASTramUlaka rAjanItika sthitiyA~ ujAgara hotI haiM / kathAkAra ne apanI isa mahatkathA meM Agama-grantha ke AdhAra para aneka bhaugolika sthaloM kA varNana kiyA hai / yathAvarNita dvIpoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM: kaNThakadvIpa, kiMjalpidvIpa, yavanadvIpa, jambUdvIpa, dhAtrI yA dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa, nandIzvaradvIpa, puSpakaravaradvIpa, ratnadvIpa, rucakadvIpa, laMkAdvIpa, suvarNadvIpa aura saMhaladvIpa / ina dvIpoM meM aneka kSetroM yA antadvIpoM kI sthiti kI carcA kI gaI hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM : arddha bharata, aparavideha, uttarakuru, uttarArddhabharata, airavata, dakSiNArddhabharata, dakSiNabharata, devakuru, puSkarArddha, pUrvavideha, bhArata, bhAratavarSa, mahAvideha, vijayArddha, videha aura harivarSa / dvIpoM aura kSetroM

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458 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ke varNana krama meM kathAkAra ne kaI vijayoM (pradezoM) kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jaise : nalinIvijaya, maMgalAvatIvijaya, ramaNIyavijaya, vatsAvatIvijaya, salilAvatIvijaya aura sukacchavijaya / uparyukta dvIpoM, kSetroM aura vijayoM ke vizada bhaugolika vivaraNa AgamoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / ina prAcIna bhaugolika sthAnoM kI Adhunika bhUgola kI dRSTi se pahacAna bahuta hI svalpa mAtrA meM sambhava ho pAI hai / yadyapi inakI pahacAna kI maulika aura manoraMjaka vizeSatA prAcIna bhUgola kI mithakIya sImA meM hI adhika AsvAdya aura prItikara pratIta hotI hai| kathAkAra dvArA ullikhita kaNThakadvIpa (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 150) vidyAdharoM ke sAmrAjya kA koI viziSTa dvIpa thaa| isa dvIpa meM karkoTaka nAma kA parvata thA / vidyAdhara prAya: tapa ke lie isa parvata kA Azraya lete the / amitagati vidyAdhara sUtroM kA jJAna prApta kara kaNThakadvIpa meM sthita karkoTaka parvata para dina meM AtApanA letA thA aura rAtri meM usa parvata kI guphA meM rahatA thA / kathAkAra dvArA kevala nAmataH varNita kiMjalpadvIpa (priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 296) meM kiMjalpI nAmaka pakSiyoM kA nivAsa thA / ve pakSI bar3I mIThI AvAja karate the| isa dvIpa kI bhaugolika sthiti kA saMketa kathAkAra ne nahIM kiyA hai| kathAkAra ke nirdezAnusAra, suvarNArthI cArudatta samudrayAtrA ke krama meM pUrvadakSiNa ke pattanoM kA hiNDana karane ke bAda yavanadvIpa pahu~cA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 146 ) / yaha prAcIna yavanadvIpa hI yavadvIpa thA, Aja jisakI pahacAna jAvA se kI jAtI hai| DaoN. motIcandra ne likhA hai ki dakSiNa dvIpAntara ke sIdhe rAste para yAtrI nikobAra, niyAsa, sibiru, nasAUdvIpa aura ibADiyu (yavadvIpa) pahu~cate the| yavadvIpa meM kAphI sonA milatA thA aura jisakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma AragAyara thA / ' 'vasudevahiNDI' ke Agamavid lekhaka ne prAkRta-kathAsAhitya meM sAtizaya carcita Agamokta jambUdvIpa kA vyApaka varNana kiyA hai| ApTe mahodaya ke anusAra, jambUkhaNDa yA jambUdvIpa meruparvata ke cAroM ora phaile hue sAta dvIpoM meM eka hai / brAhmaNapurANoM ke anusAra yaha dvIpa dharatI ke sAta mahAdvIpoM yA pradhAna vibhAgoM meM eka hai, jisake nau khaNDoM meM eka bhAratavarSa bhI hai| purANoM meM jambUnadI kA bhI ullekha huA hai, jo jambUdvIpa ke nAmakaraNa ke hetubhUta, jAmuna ke per3a se cUnevAle jAmunoM ke rasa se nadI banakara pravAhita hotI hai| ise brahmaloka se nikalI huI sAta nadiyoM meM eka mAnA gayA hai / 'vAlmIkirAmAyaNa' meM jambUprastha nAma se eka nagara kA bhI varNana AyA hai, jo nanihAla se lauTate samaya bharata ke rAste meM par3A thA ( ayodhyAkANDa : 71.11) / jainoM ke chaThe upAMga 'jambUdvIpaprajJapti' (prA. 'jambUdIvapaNNatti) ke pUrvArddha aura uttarArddha donoM vibhAgoM meM, bharata kSetra tathA usake parvatoM, nadiyoM Adi ke sAtha hI utsarpiNI- avasarpiNI kAla-vibhAgoM evaM kulakaroM, tIrthaMkaroM evaM cakravartI rAjAoM Adi kA vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya bhUgola ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se 'jambUdvIpaprajJapti' kA tato'dhika mahattva hai| isa grantha se saMghadAsagaNIvarNita dvIpoM kA samarthana prApta hotA hai / 'sthAnAMga' meM prApya jambUdvIpa kA varNana naibandhika mahattva rakhatA hai| Upara 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita jitane kSetroM kA nAmollekha huA hai, sabhI jambUdvIpa ke hI kSetra haiN| 'sthAnAMga' (2.268-272) mandara parvata ko jambUdvIpa ke mAnadaNDa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaise : jambUdvIpa meM 1. dra. 'sArthavAha' (vahI) : pR. 125

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459 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana mandara parvata ke uttara-dakSiNa meM do kSetra haiM-dakSiNa meM bharata aura uttara meM airavata / isI prakAra haimavata, hairaNyavata, hari aura ramyaka kSetra kI sthiti bharata aura airavata ke samAna hai- dakSiNa meM haimavata aura hari tathA uttara meM hairaNyavata aura ramyaka / punaH mandara parvata ke pUrva meM pUrvavideha tathA pazcima meM aparavideha kSetra haiN| punaH mandara parvata ke uttara meM uttara kurukSetra hai tathA dakSiNa meM devakuru / devakuru meM hI kUTazAlmalI aura sudarzanAjambU nAma ke do mahAdruma haiM / isI mandara parvata ke dakSiNa meM kSulla himavAn tathA uttara meM zikharI nAma ke do varSadhara parvata haiN| ina do varSadhara parvatoM ke samAna hI cAra aura parvata haiM--dakSiNa meM mahAhimavAn aura niSadha tathA uttara meM rukmI aura nIlavAn / ina parvatoM ke atirikta, vRttavaitADhya aura dIrghavaitADhya tathA vakSAra parvatoM kI sthiti bhI mandara parvata ke pUrva-pazcima aura uttara-dakSiNa meM batAI gaI hai| ye sabhI kSetra, vRkSa aura parvata AkAra aura prakAra meM eka samAna haiN| anAdRta deva jambUdvIpa ke adhipati mAne gaye hai| isakA samarthana saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI kiyA haiH 'ArAhiyapainno kAlaM kAUNa jambuddIvAhivaI jAto' (kathotpatti : anAdRta deva kI utpatti-kathA : pR. 26) / 'sthAnAMga' ke dvitIya sthAna ke anusAra, jambUdvIpa meM chaha akarma bhUmiyoM, chaha varSoM (kSetroM), chaha varSadhara parvatoM; dakSiNottara meM sthita chaha-chaha kUToM (coTiyoM), chaha mahAhradoM, chaha deviyoM; dakSiNottara-sthita chaha-chaha mahAnadiyoM; punaH pUrva-pazcima meM sthita chaha-chaha antarnadiyoM kI avasthiti kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isI se isa dvIpa kI vizAlatA kA sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jambUdvIpa madhyaloka meM, asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudroM ke bIca, eka lAkha mahAyojana vyAsavAlA gola valayAkAra rUpa meM avasthita hai| bauddhoM ke 'divyAvadAna' (pR.40-41) meM bhI jambUdvIpa kA vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai / 'jambUdvIpaprajJapti' (3.43) meM, isa dvIpa meM aTThAraha vibhinna zreNiyoM ke pezevara logoM kA nivAsa batAyA gayA hai| jaiseH kumhAra, sonAra, rezama bunanevAlA, rasoiyA, gAyaka, nAI, mAlAkAra, kacchakAra, tamolI, mocI, telI, aMgoche becanevAle, kapar3e chApanevAle, ThaThere, darajI, gvAle, zikArI aura mchue| isa prakAra jambUdvIpa tatkAlIna bRhattara bhArata kA hI paryAya thaa| yaha jambUdvIpa do lAkha yojana vistAravAle lavaNasamudra se valayAkAra veSTita hai| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM dhAtrIkhaNDa yA dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa kA bhI pracura varNana huA hai| 'sthAnAMga' (4.336) ke anusAra, dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa kI valayasImA cAra lAkha yojana kI hai| dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke pUrvArddha meM dhAtakIvRkSa ATha yojana U~cA hai| vaha bahumadhyadezabhAga meM ATha yojana caur3A hai aura sarvaparimANa meM ATha yojana se bhI adhika hai (tatraiva : 8.86) / lavaNasamudra dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa se veSTita hai aura dhAtakIkhaNDa ATha lAkha yojana vistAravAle kAlodadhi samudra se AveSTita hai| isameM bhI mandara parvata kI sthiti mAnI gaI hai| yaha jambUdvIpa se caugunA bar3A hai| ... puSkarArddha yA arddha-puSkaravaradvIpa athavA puSkaravaradvIpa bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita hue haiN| arddha-puSkaravaradvIpa, saMkSipta nAma puSkaradvIpa kI bhaugolika mahattA aura vizeSatA jambUdvIpa aura dhAtakIkhaNDa ke hI samAna hai| kintu, AkAra meM dhAtakIkhaNDa se caugunA, arthAt solaha lAkha yojana vistAravAlA hai| 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'sArthavAha' (vahI) : pR. 180

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460 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA . 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI dhAtakIkhaNDa kA bhaugolika varNana AyA hai| pradyumna eka dina apane dAdA vasudeva kA rUpa dharakara unake AsthAnamaNDapa meM jA baitthe| dAdiyoM ke pUchane para pradyumna ne cAraNazramaNa muni dvArA varNita alaukika dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke bAre meM batAyA ki, jo vyakti apanI moTI A~khoM se katipaya kheta yA pahAr3a ko hI dekha pAtA hai, vaha dhAtakIkhaNDa kI lambAI-caur3AI ko nahIM jAna sktaa| lavaNasamudra, kAlodadhi, iSukAra aura cullahimavanta (laghuhimAlaya) parvata se ghirI (jala-sthala-rUpa do prakAra kI) bhAratabhUmi kI lambAI aura caur3AI cAra-cAra lAkha yojana kI hai| lavaNasamudra taka isakA vistAra 66, 14, 119 yojana kA do sau bArahagunA hai aura kAlodadhi taka kA bhI isakA vistAra 19, 39, 169 yojana kA do sau bArahagunA hai| yahI bharata kSetra hai (pratimukha : pR.110)| nandIzvaradvIpa kI kalpanA bhI atizaya adbhuta hai| 'sthAnAMga' ke caturtha sthAna meM (sUtra-saM. 338, 339 Adi) isa dvIpa kA vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai| nandIzvaradvIpa ke antarAla meM sAta samudroM se veSTita uttarottara caugune vistAravAle sAta dvIpa haiN| jaise : lavaNa-samudra se veSTita jambUdvIpa, kAlodadhi nAmaka samudra se veSTita dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa, puSkaravara samudra se AveSTita puSkaravaradvIpa, varuNavara samudra se veSTita varuNavaradvIpa, kSIravara samudra se veSTita kSIravaradvIpa, ghRtavara samudra se veSTita ghRtavaradvIpa aura kSaudravara samudra se veSTita kSaudravaradvIpa / jambUdvIpa se AThavA~ dvIpa hai nndiishvrdviip| isa valayAkAra dvIpa kI pUrva Adi cAroM dizAoM meM cAra aMjanagiri parvata haiN| pratyeka aMjanagiri kI cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka caukora vApikA hai| ina vApikAoM ke cAroM ora azoka, saptacchada, campaka aura Amra vRkSoM ke cAra-cAra vana haiN| cAroM vApiyoM ke madhya meM eka-eka parvata hai, jo dadhi ke samAna zveta varNa hone se dadhimukha kahalAtA hai / vaha parvata golAkAra hai aura usake UparI bhAga meM taTavediyA~ aura vana haiM / ukta cAroM vApiyoM ke donoM bAharI konoM para eka-eka suvarNamaya golAkAra ratikara nAmaka parvata hai| isa prakAra, eka-eka dizA meM eka aMjanagiri, cAra dadhimukha aura ATha ratikara, ye kula teraha parvata hue aura cAroM dizAoM ke parvatoM ko milAkara kula parvatoM kI saMkhyA bAvana ho jAtI hai| inapara eka-eka jinAyatana pratiSThApita hai aura ye hI nandIzvaradvIpa ke bAvana mandira yA caityAlaya prasiddha haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, Agamika dvIpoM meM anyatama rucakadvIpa kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne rucakadvIpa ko dikkumAriyoM ke nivAsa ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| RSabhasvAmI ke janma grahaNa karane para dikkumAriyA~ rucakadvIpa kI vibhinna dizAoM se AI thIM aura unhoMne vibhinna upakaraNoM [gandhodaka, darpaNa, zrRMgAra (jhArI), tAlavRnta, cAmara, dIpikA Adi) se unakA bhaktibhAva-pUrvaka janmotsava manAyA thA (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 159-60) / jainAgama kI bhaugolika parikalpanA hai ki yaha pRthvI golAkAra asaMkhya dvIpoM, antadvIpoM, sAgaroM aura upasAgaroM meM vibhakta hai| puSkaravaradvIpa ke madhya bhAga meM eka mahAn durlaghya parvata hai, jo 'mAnuSottara' ('sthAnAMga' : 4.303) kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra, jambUdvIpa dhAtakIkhaNDa aura puSkarArddha ye DhAI dvIpa milakara manuSyaloka kA nirmANa karate haiN| jambUdvIpa sAta kSetroM meM vibhakta hai, jisakI sImA nirdhArita karanevAle chaha kulaparvata haiN| kSetroM aura kulaparvatoM ke nAmoM kA 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya : 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna' (vahI) : pR. 294-295

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 461 ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| ina kSetroM meM madhyavartI videha-kSetra sarvAdhika vizAla hai aura usI ke madhya meM meruparvata hai| bharatakSetra meM himAlaya se nikalakara gaMgAnadI pUrva samudra kI ora tathA sindhu pazcima samudra kI ora bahatI hai| madhya meM vindhyaparvata hai| ina nadI-parvatoM ke dvArA bharata-kSetra ke chaha khaNDa ho gaye haiM, jinako jItakara apanA vazaMvada banAnevAlA samrAT hI SaTkhaNDa-cakravartI kahalAtA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne Agama-prokta isa vizAla nandIzvaradvIpa tathA pUrvokta kaNThakadvIpa Adi ke atirikta bhI anya kaI dvIpoM kA varNana kiyA hai| jaise : raladvIpa, suvarNadvIpa, siMhaladvIpa, laMkAdvIpa Adi / kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki ratnadvIpa se bhAruNDa pakSI Ate haiM aura ratnadvIpa se hI yAtrI vaitADhyaparvata ke nikaTavartI suvarNadvIpa yA suvarNabhUmi jAte haiN| isake atirikta, cArudatta sampatti arjita karane ke nimitta siMhaladvIpa bhI gayA thaa| DaoN. motIcandra ne ratnadvIpa ko hI siMhaladvIpa tathA suvarNadvIpa ko hI sumAtrA yA malaya-eziyA mAnate hue likhA hai ki jAtakoM meM samudrayAtrAoM ke aneka ullekha milate haiN| bahuta-se vyApArI suvarNadvIpa, yAnI malaya-eziyA aura ratnadvIpa, arthAt siMhala kI yAtrA karate the| siMhaladvIpa hI laMkAdvIpa thA, jahA~ se nIlama kA AyAta hotA thaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki suvarNadvIpa aura ratnadvIpa apane nAmoM ke anusAra hI sone aura ratnoM kI AkarabhUmi the| prAcIna kAla meM laMkAdvIpa jAkara rala arjita karane kI kathAe~ bhI milatI haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI likhA hai ki kaMcanapura ke do vaNik ratla arjita karane ke nimitta laMkAdvIpa gaye the (gandharvadattAlambha : pR.111) / isalie, laMkAdvIpa hI sahI artha meM raladvIpa thaa| isake atirikta, saMghadAsagaNI ne soma, yama Adi apane sautele bhAiyoM ke virodha ke kAraNa Ube hue vidyAdhara rAmaNa (rAvaNa) ke bhI laMkAdvIpa meM jAkara rahane kA ullekha kiyA hai (madanavegAlambha : pR.240) / isase yaha saMketita hotA hai ki rAmaNa ne rala aura suvarNa kI pracuratA tathA sulabhatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI laMkA meM rahanA pasanda kiyA thaa| yaha to purANa-prasiddha hai ki rAvaNa kI rAjadhAnI laMkApurI sone se hI nirmita thii| ___ isa taraha kathAkAra ne laukika aura alaukika, donoM prakAra ke dvIpoM kA manorama varNana upasthita karate hue apanI kathA-racanA kI prakriyA meM kAlpanikatA aura vAstavikatA ke adbhuta sammizraNa se kAma liyA hai| aura isa prakAra, unake dvArA upanyasta kathA meM nihita bhaugolikatA ke tattva meM divyAdivyatA kA atizaya camatkArI rUpa-vidhAna huA hai| parvata : bhaugolika tattvoM meM parvatoM kA pAMkteya sthAna hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI mahatkathA meM bhaugolika vAtAvaraNa prastuta karane ke krama meM aneka (lagabhaga 43) divyAdivya parvatoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM yahA~ katipaya prasiddha parvatoM kA vivaraNa apekSita hogaa| 'vasudevahiNDo' meM aMgamandara (gandharvadattAlambha : pR.129) yA mandara (nIlayazAlambha : pR.161) parvata ko meruparvata kA pratirUpa kahA gayA hai| kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki mandara parvata kI guphAe~ kalpavRkSoM se AcchAdita 1. draSTavya : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna' : pR. 294-95 2.draSTavyaH 'sArthavAha' (vahI) : pR.59

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462 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA rahatI thiiN| prAcIna aMga-janapada ke campAmaNDala ke antargata vartamAna bhAgalapura jile ke bauMsI nAmaka sthAna meM avasthita mandarAcala se ukta meru-pratirUpa mandara yA aMgamandara kI pahacAna kI jAtI hai| prAcIna samaya meM hastinApura ke rAjA padmaratha kA jyeSTha putra viSNukumAra aMgamandara parvata para hI tapa karatA thaa| vaha labdhi-sampanna AkAzacArI anagAra thaa| viSNukumAra ne hI virATa rUpa dhAraNa karake durAtmA namuci purohita ko padAvanata kiyA thaa| namuci purohita rAjA padmaratha ko phusalAkara, usase rAjya prApta kara liyA thA aura svayaM rAjA bana baiThA thaa| vaha sAdhuoM para atyAcAra karane ke kAraNa kukhyAta thaa| jainAgama meM varNita mandarAcala kA vyApaka vivaraNa svatantra prabandha kA viSaya hai| Agama meM prasiddha hai ki zreSTha mandarAcala kI cUlikA ke dakSiNa bhAga meM atipANDukambalazilA pratiSThita thI, jisapara navajAta zizu RSabhasvAmI ko indra ne le jAkara rakhA thaa| vedazyAmapura se tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA ke nimitta sammedazikhara jAne ke mArga meM rAjA kapila kI bhikSuNI bahana mandara parvata para hI vizrAma ke lie ThaharI thii| kathAkAra ne saMketa kiyA hai ki mandaragiri-sthita nandanavana nAmaka siddhAyatana meM vidyAdharanareza bhI tIrthaMkara kI vandanA ke lie Ate the| eka bAra parivAra sahita vidyAdharanareza garuDavega jina-pratimA kI vandanA ke nimitta vaitADhya parvata kI uttara zreNI se calakara mandarazikhara para gayA thA (ketumatIlambha : pR.334) / 'sthAnAMga' (4.318) meM mandaraparvata kI cUlikA (UparI bhAga) kI caur3AI cAra yojana kI mAnI gaI hai / 'sthAnAMga' (4.309; 5.150) meM hI varNita vakSaskAra aura varSadhara parvatoM kI sthiti mandaraparvata ke cAroM ora thii| mandaraparvata ke hI cAroM ora zItodA mahAnadI bahatI thii| samprati, mandAraparvata candana (cAnana) nadI ke pUrva meM tathA bhAgalapura ke dakSiNa-pUrva, lagabhaga ar3atAlIsa kimI. kI dUrI para avasthita hai| isa parvata para vAstuvidyA tathA mUrtikalA-viSayaka aneka avazeSa prApta hue haiM, jinase parvata ke vAstavika mahattva para prakAza par3atA hai| yaha parvata vartamAna sthiti meM kevala sAta sau phITa U~cA hai tathA isake madhya meM eka kaTikA hai, jise vAsukinAga kA kuNDala kahA jAtA hai| paurANika kathA ke anusAra, samudra-manthana ke lie isI mandara parvata ko mathAnI banAyA gayA thA aura vAsukinAga ko mathAnI kI rssii| ukta kaTikA yA kuNDala manthana ke samaya rassI ke gharSaNa se hI bnaa| campAmaNDala ke vAsupUjya-kSetra kA tIrthaMkara-pITha hone ke kAraNa hI jaina sAhitya meM isakI carcA bar3e Adara aura Agraha ke sAtha vistArapUrvaka kI gaI isa parvata kI prAcInatA isase bhI spaSTa hai ki isakA ullekha 'kUrma', 'vAmana' aura 'vArAhapurANa' meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| 'mahAbhArata' tathA jainAgamoM meM varNita prasaMgoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha himAlaya-zreNI kA koI parvata thaa| megAsthanIja ne isa parvata ko 'mAuNTa meliyasa' kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai| zrIsilavoM levI meru kI pahacAna pAmIra, aura mandara kI pahacAna uparalI irAvadI para par3ane vAlI parvata-zRMkhalA se karate haiN| para, 'mahAbhArata' se to mandara kI pahacAna kadAcit 'kvena-luna' parvatazreNI se kI jA sakatI hai, jo madhya eziyA ke rAste para par3atI hai| jo bhI ho, itanA 1. dra. pariSad-patrikA' : varSa 18: aMka 3 (akTUbara, 1978I), : pR. 31 2.'sArthavAha' (vahI) : pR.138

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 463 nirvivAda hai ki meruparvata kI samAnatA rakhanevAlA mandaraparvata jainoM aura brAhmaNoM kI dRSTi meM bhAratavarSa ke zreSTha parvatoM meM parigaNanIya rahA hai 1 saMghadAsagaNI ne vindhyagiri kI bhI sAgraha carcA kI hai| unake dvArA nirdiSTa kathA-prasaMgoM se spaSTa hai ki vindhyagiri kI vanAkIrNa tarAI meM cora - palliyA~ basI huI thIM : (viMjhagiripAyamUle sIhaguhA nAma corapallI Asi' (zyAmA- vijayAlambha: pR. 114); 'viMjhagiripAyamUle visamapase sannive kAUNaM coriyAe jIvai' (kathotpatti : pR. 7) / yaha prasiddha sAta kulaparvatoM meM anyatama hai| isakI vistRta zreNI madhyabhArata ke uttara-pazcima meM phailI huI hai / vindhyazreNI hI uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata kI vibhAjaka rekhA kA kAma karatI hai| Adhunika bhUgarbhazAstrI ke anusAra, choTAnAgapura - pramaNDala tathA dakSiNI bihAra kI pahAr3iyA~ vindhyaparvata kI zAkhAe~ haiN| Adhunika samaya meM yaha parvatazreNI bihAra ke rAjamahala se gujarAta taka phailI huI hai| 'devIbhAgavata' (10.3.7) tathA 'mArkaNDeyapurANa' (57.51.55) meM bhI isakA varNana milatA hai| 'mArkaNDeyapurANa' meM to isa parvata ke madhyabhAga meM narmadA ke taTa taka dakSiNa tarAI meM asabhya jAtiyoM ke basane kA ullekha hai / 'manusmRti' (2.21-22) meM himAlaya aura vindhya ke madhyavartI pradeza ko madhyadeza mAnA gayA hai| 'arthazAstra' ke anusAra, billaura patthara kA AyAta vindhyaparvata se hotA thaa| DaoN. motIcandra ke kathanAnusAra, vindhyaparvata kA gUjarIghATa tathA satapur3A kA saindhavaghATa vindhya ke dakSiNa jAne ke lie prAkRtika mArga kA kAma karate the| 2 vindhyaparvata kI patha-paddhati dakSiNa meM jAkara samApta ho jAtI hai / jaina sAkSya ke anusAra, cAmuNDarAya ne maisUra ke zramaNabelagola kI vindhyagiri para bAhubali kI prakhyAta mUrti kI pratiSThA (zaka-saM. 951) karAI thI, jo apanI vizAlatA (U~cAI : sattAvana phuTa : aTThAraha mITara) aura kalAtmaka saundarya ke lie bhI sukhyAta hai / isa prakAra, zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM meM vindhyaparvata kI samAnAntara carcA aura arcA upalabdha hotI hai; kyoMki yaha na kevala bhaugolika dRSTi se, apitu vANijya-vyavasAya evaM dharmabhAvanA ke. vicAra se bhI prAgaitihAsika mahattva se parimaNDita hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI kathA meM yathAprasaMga himAlaya parvata kI bhI carcA prastuta kI hai / brAhmaNoM kI dRSTi se yaha kulaparvata yA kulAcala se kama mahattva nahIM rkhtaa| jainAgamoM meM ise varSadhara parvatoM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai / sampUrNa zramaNa aura brAhmaNa vAGmaya Rddhi aura siddhi ke apratima pratIka evaM deva aura manuSya ke lie samAna rUpa se priya aura upAsya himAlaya ke varNana kI vividhatA aura vizAlatA se parivyApta hai / saMghadAsagaNI ke saMketAnusAra bhI himAlaya cAraNazramaNoM kI tapobhUmi thA / vidyAdharoM ke rAjA apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha himAlaya - zikhara para bhramaNArtha jAte the (ketumatIlambha: pR. 332) / 'sthAnAMga' (6.85 ) ke anusAra, jambUdvIpa ke chaha varSadhara parvatoM meM kSudrahimavAn aura mahAhimavAn (prA. cullahimavaMta aura mahAhimavaMta) ko hI prAthamikatA prApta thI / jainoM kI bhaugolika mAnyatA ke anusAra, bhArata jambUdvIpa ke dakSiNa bhAga meM avasthita hai / isake uttara meM himAlaya hai aura madhya meM vijayArddha parvata / sAmarika bhUgola kI dRSTi se Aja bhI himAlaya kA mUlya akSuNNa hai / yaha bhArata kA santarI yA prI ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| 1. mahendro malayaH sahyaH zuktimAn RkSaparvataH / vindhazca pAriyAtrazca saptaite kulaparvatAH // (ApTe ke 'saMskRta-hindI-koza' se uddhRta) 2. 'sArthavAha' (vahI) : pR. 24

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 1 saMghadAsagaNI ne kuzAgrapura (rAjagRha) 'carcA ke krama meM vaibhAragiri kA do bAra ullekha kiyA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ke varNana se spaSTa hotA hai ki vaibhAragiri ke zikhara, pAdamUla tathA guphAoM tapaHzuSka zramaNoM kA nivAsa thA / vahA~ barAbara cAraNazramaNoM kA padArpaNa hotA rahatA thA / digambaroM ke mAnyatAnusAra, bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prathama upadeza rAjagRha ke vipulAcala para huA thaa| 'mahAbhArata' (2.21.2) meM rAjagRha ke pA~ca parvatoM meM vipula aura vaihAra ( vaibhAra) kA spaSTa ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / ' bauddhoM ke 'isigillisutta' meM bhI isigilli, vepula, vebhAra, pANDava aura gijjhakUTa, ina pA~ca parvatoM kA saMketa milatA hai / 'suttanipAtabhASya' (pR.382) meM pANDava, gijjhakUTa, vebhAra, sigilli evaM vepula yaha krama milatA hai, jaba ki 'vimAnabhaTTabhASya' meM (pR. 82) isigilli, vepula, bhAra, pANDava tathA gijjhakUTa isa krama se ina parvatoM kA nirdeza milatA hai| 'mArkaNDeyapurANa' tathA 'vAyupurANa' meM bhI vaibhAra parvata kA ullekha huA hai| bauddha sAhitya kI pippalakandarA tathA saptaparNI guphA, jahA~ bauddhoM kI prathama saMgIti Ayojita huI thI, vaibhAra parvata kI uttarI-pUrvI DhalAna para sthita hai| isa prakAra, vaibhAragiri bauddhoM, jainoM tathA brAhmaNoM meM samAna rUpa se AdRta hai / 464 ; saMghadAsagaNI ne kathAkrama meM sammedazikhara kA pA~ca-chaha sthaloM para ullekha kiyA hai| isakA Adhunika nAma pArasanAtha parvata hai / isapara caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM unnIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne nirvANa prApta kiyA thA / ('tattha ya eguNavIsAe vIsutajasANaM titthayarANaM parinivvANabhUmI' ketumatIlambha: pR. 309) / isa parvata kA nAmakaraNa prasiddha jaina tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha se sambaddha hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne sammedazikhara ko tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta aneka vidyAdharoM kI bhI nirvANabhUmi batAyA hai / 'sammeda ' zabda samaveta kA vikasita rUpa pratIta hotA hai| eka sAtha, samaveta rUpa meM unnIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke nirvANa kI bhUmi hone ke kAraNa ukta anumAna sahaja hI hotA hai, yadyapi 'sametazikhara', 'samidagiri', 'samAdhigiri', 'malaparvata' Adi anya kaI nAmoM se bhI ise smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ke sUcanAnusAra, sammedazikhara pahAr3I ke samIpa pUrvavarNita nandIzvaradvIpa kI vAsturacanA kI gaI hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA kalpita aura parivarNita bahuvidha parvatoM meM vaitADhya aura aSTApada parvatoM kA apanA vaiziSTya hai / unhoMne apane kathAkrama meM vaitADhya parvata kI bhUrizaH carcA kI hai| vaitADhya kA dUsarA nAma vijayArddha hai / yaha vidyAdharoM kI AvAsabhUmi mAnA gayA hai| yaha dakSiNa aura uttara, do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta thA / 'sthAnAMga ' (2.274.80) ke anusAra jambUdvIpa meM, mandaraparvata ke dakSiNa meM, haimavata kSetra meM zabdApAtI nAma kA vRttavaitADhya parvata hai aura uttara meM, airaNyavata (hairaNyavata) kSetra meM vikaTApAtI nAmaka vRttavaitADhya parvata hai| ye donoM kSetra- pramANa kI dRSTi se sarvathA sadRza haiM / inameM koI bheda nahIM hai | kAlacakra ke parivartana kI dRSTi se unameM nAnAtva nahIM hai| ve lambAI, caur3AI, U~cAI, gaharAI, saMsthAna aura paridhi meM eka dUsare kA atikramaNa nahIM krte| isI prakAra, mandara parvata ke dakSiNa meM, harikSetra meM gandhApAtI aura uttara meM, ramyaka kSetra meM mAlyavatparyAya nAma ke vRttavaitADhya parvata haiM / punaH mandaraparvata ke dakSiNa meM bharata - kSetra meM aura uttara meM airavata-kSetra meM do dIrghavaitADhya parvata haiM / isa prakAra, vaitADhya parvata ke chaha khaNDa mAne gaye haiN| dakSiNa ke bharata - kSetra 1. vaihAro vipulaH zailo vArAho vRSabhastathA / tatharSigirivistAraH zubhacaityakapaJcamaH // (2.21.2) 2. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dra. 'pariSad-patrikA' : varSa 18 : aMka 3 (akTU. 1978 I) : pR. 22, 24

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 465 ke dIrghavaitADhya meM tamisrA aura khaNDaprapAta nAma kI do guphAe~ haiM tathA uttara ke airavata kSetra ke dIrghavaitADhya meM bhI tannAmaka do guphAe~ hai| vidyAdharanagaroM kI pratyeka zreNI dasa-dasa yojana caur3I hai| dakSiNa ke bharatakSetra meM gaMgA aura sindhu nAma kI do mahAnadiyA~ pravAhita hotI haiN| uttara ke airavata-kSetra meM raktAprapAta aura raktavatIprapAta nAma ke do hrada haiN| isa prakAra, 'sthAnAMga' meM vaitADhya kA vipula varNana upalabdha hotA hai, jisakA svatantra naibandhika mahattva hai| vaitADhya parvata kI varNana-paramparA 'vasudevahiNDI' ke pUrvavartI 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' tathA paravartI 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM bhI prApta hotI hai| budhasvAmI ne vaitADhya (prA. veyaDDa) kA 'vaitarddha' ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai : 'vaitarddha' kA nAma sunate hI madanamaMjukA musakarAI aura usakI A~khoM meM A~sU chalachalA aaye| punaH usake prati prIti pradarzita karatI huI vaha bolI (13.19) / aura, somadevabhaTTa ne bhI 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM 'vedyarddha' (= vaitarddha = vaitADhya) kI carcA karate hue naravAhanadatta ko 'ubhayavedyarddhacakravartI' (8.1.10) ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai / isapara TippaNI karate hue 'kathAsaritsAgara' ke anuvAdaka paM. kedAranAtha zarmA sArasvata ne likhA hai ki 'ubhayavedyarddha' uttaradhruva aura dakSiNadhruva-sthita devasthAna vizeSa hai| dakSiNadhruva pitRyAnamArga aura uttaradhruva devayAna-mArga kahalAtA hai| ina donoM sthAnoM meM vidyAdharoM kA rAjya thaa|' saMghadAsagaNI ne vaitADhya parvata ke krama meM hI aSTApada parvata kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / RSabhasvAmI ne dasa hajAra sAdhuoM, ninyAnabbe putroM tathA ATha pautroM ke sAtha eka samaya aSTApada parvata para nirvANa prApta kiyA thA (somazrIlambha : pR. 185) / aSTApada parvata para nAgarAja dharaNa ne vidyAdharanareza vidyudaMSTra ke AjJApAlaka vidyAdharoM ko sAdhu ke vadhakArya se virata kiyA thA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 252) / rAjA sagara ke putra bhAgIrathi (bhagIratha) mahAnadI gaMgA ke pravAha ko aSTApada parvata para le gaye the aura vahIM se gaMgA vibhinna janapadoM ko AplAvita karatI huI samudra meM milI thii| jabakumAra prabhRti sATha hajAra sagaraputroM ne aSTApada parvata para prAcIna jinAyatana dekhA thA, jo aSTApada tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita thaa| sagaraputroM ne aSTApada parvata kI rakSA ke nimitta usake cAroM ora khAI khodakara use gaMgA kI dhArA se bharane kA sAhasapUrNa kArya kiyA thaa| kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki khAI khodane ke bAda sagaraputra pUraba kI ora bahanevAlI gaMgA nadI ke pAsa gaye aura daNDarala se jamIna khodakara gaMgA kI dhArA ko ulaTA pravAhita karake aSTApada parvata kI khAI taka le Aye (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 303) / saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai, yaha aSTApada vaitADhya parvata kI tarAI se sambaddha thaa| yaha (aSTApada) ATha yojana U~cA aura vividha dhAtuoM ke aMgarAga se anuraMjita thaa| vahA~ paramaguru tIrthaMkara RSabhasvAmI kI parinirvANa-bhUmi meM prathama cakravartI bharata ke Adeza se daivI zakti se sampanna zreSTha vAstukAroM ne jinAyatana kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| vaha jinAyatana sabhI prakAra ke ranoM se jaTita thA aura vahA~ deva, dAnava aura vidyAdhara AgrahapUrvaka arcanA-vandanA ke lie Ate the (ketumatIlambha : pR. 309) / isa prakAra, uparyukta kathAprasaMga ke vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM aSTApada parvata, apanI sAMskRtika garimA kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva rakhatA thaa| bharata ke digvijaya ke krama 1. kathAsaritsAgara (hindI-anuvAda), dvi.khaM, dvi. saM;pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA : pR. 230

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466 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA meM kathA prastuta karate hue saMghadAsagaNI ne bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna bhaugolika kSetroM kA samIcIna samAhAra hI upasthita kara diyA hai : "rAjA bharata bhAratavarSa ke cUDAmaNi the| unake hI nAma para yaha deza bhAratavarSa kahA jAtA hai| vaha ayodhyA ke adhipati the aura unake bhAI bAhubalI hastinApura-takSazilA ke svaamii| bharata ke zastrAgAra meM cakrarala utpanna huaa| bharata ne cakrarala dvArA nirdiSTa mArga se gaMgA mahAnadI ke dakSiNa taTa se bhAratavarSa para vijaya prApta kI; pUrva meM mAgadha tIrthakumAra (magadhatIrtha ke adhiSThAtA deva) ne 'maiM mahArAja kA AjJAkArI antapAla (sImArakSaka) hU~', kahakara bharata kA sammAna kiyA; dakSiNa meM varadAma tIrthakumAra ne apanI praNati nivedita kI aura pazcima meM prabhAsa ne bharata kI pUjA kii| isake bAda sindhudevI aura vaitADhyakumAra ne praNAma nivedita kiyA; tamisrAguphA ke adhipati kRtamAladeva ne bharata ko mArga pradAna kiyA; uttarArddha bharata-kSetra ke nivAsI cilAta (bhIla) logoM ke pakSadhara meghamukha deva ne meghavarSA-rUpa upasarga ke nivAraNArtha tathA skandhAvAra (sainya) kI rakSA ke nimitta chatra aura carmarala kA sampuTa prastuta kiyA; himavantakumAra ne bharata ko vinayapUrvaka sammAna aura praNati arpita kI RSabhakUTa para bharata ne apanA nAma aMkita karavAyA; bharata ke senApati ne sindhu aura himAlaya ke bIca ke pradeza para vijaya lAbha kiyA; nami aura vinami vidyAdharanareza ne uttama yuvatiyA~ upahAra meM dI; gaMgAdevI ne praNAma kiyA; himAlaya, vaitADhya kI guphA aura gaMgAnadI ke pUrva bhAga ko bhI bharata ne jItA; phira khaNDaprapAta guphA se nikalakara bharata ne navanidhi kI pUjA prApta kI aura phira gaMgA tathA vaitADhya ke madhyavartI pradeza ke rAjAoM ne ratnapUrNa koSa bheMTa kiyaa| isa prakAra, digvijaya karake bharata ayodhyA lauTa Aye" (somazrIlambha : pR. 186) / saMghadAsagaNI-varNita parvatoM kA Adhunika bhaugolika dRSTi se adhyayana svatantra zodha-prabandha kA viSaya hai aura bahuta sambhava hai ki isase bhAratIya bhUgola ke aneka ajJAta sUtroM kA udbhAvana aura tadviSayaka anusandhAna ke kSetra meM vividha naye kSitijoM kA udghATana ho| kathAkAra dvArA ullikhita parvatoM meM prAyaH sabhI Agamika haiM, kintu kucheka aitihAsika haiM aura kucha kAlpanika bhI haiN| kahanA na hogA ki parvatoM ke varNana meM kathAkAra ne itihAsa aura kalpanA ke adbhuta mizraNa kA Avarjaka paricaya diyA hai| nadiyoM, samudra aura hRda: saMghadAsagaNI ne kula tIsa jalapravahaNa-kSetroM kA varNana kiyA hai, jinameM kucha to nadiyA~ haiM aura kucha samudra tathA kucha hRdoM kA bhI nirdeza huA hai| yahA~ saMkSipta TippaNI ke mAdhyama se una para prakAza-nikSepa kiyA jA rahA hai| ___ kathAkAra ne uttara kuru-sthita Agamika hRda kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake varNanAnusAra isa hRda ke taTa para chAyAdAra azoka ke vRkSa hote the aura makkhana kI bhA~ti mulAyama vaiDUryamaNi kI zilAe~ bhI pracura mAtrA meM thiiN| yaha kSetra devaloka ke samAna thaa| yahA~ dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSa se utpanna bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI sulabha rahatI thI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 165) / 'sthAnAMga' (5.155) meM bhI ullekha hai ki jambUdvIpa-sthita mandaraparvata ke uttara bhAga meM uttarakuru nAmaka kurukSetra meM pA~ca mahAhRda the| 'sthAnAMga' ke hI anusAra (10.165) sabhI mahAhada dasa-dasa yojana gahare the|

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467 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana ___ kathAkAra dvArA varNita iSuvegA nadI, nAma ke anusAra hI, tIra kI taraha vegavAlI thii| isalie, ise tairakara pAra karanA sambhava nahIM hotA thA (gandharvadattAlambha : pR.148)| Adhunika bhUgolavettAoM ne isa nadI kI pahacAna madhya eziyA meM bahanevAlI prakharadhAravatI vaMkSu nadI se kI hai| kathAkAra ke anusAra, irAvatI nadI bhUtaralA aTavI meM pravAhita hotI thI, jahA~ jaTilakauzika tapasvI kA Azrama thA (ketumatIlambha : pR.323)| DaoN. motIcandra ke anusAra , yaha nadI malaya-prAyadvIpa meM bahatI thI aura isake muhAne para milanevAlI kachue kI khapar3iyoM kI, roma meM bar3I mA~ga thii| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki phAhiyAna ke sAthI ghUmate-ghAmate pAmIra ke rAste cIna pahu~ce the| zAyada ve asama tathA irAvatI kI UparI ghATI aura yUnAna ke rAste vahA~ pahu~ce hoNge| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ke saMketAnusAra, dhammilla, campApurI ke rAjA kapila ke ghor3e para car3hakara usakA damana karane ke krama meM Ubar3a-khAbar3a bhUmivAlI kanakabAlukA nadI ke taTa para pahu~ca gayA thaa| isa nadI ke taTa para sthita vanakhaNDa meM vidyAdhara vidyA kI siddhi ke lie Ate the| yahA~ ke vanakhaNDa meM saghana vaMzagulmoM kI pracuratA thI, jisameM paiThakara vidyAdhara vidyA siddha karate the (dhammillacarita : pR. 67-62) / isa nadI ke nAma se yaha anumAna hotA hai ki isakI bAlU meM svarNakaNa mile rahate the| kathAkAra dvArA nirdiSTa lavaNasamudra (pratimukha : pR. 110; bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 251; ketumatIlambha : pR. 345) tathA kAloda (kAlodadhi) samudra (pratimukha : pR. 110) to spaSTa hI Agamika haiM, jinakI carcA dvIpa-prakaraNa meM kI jA cukI hai| kSIrodasamudra bhI 'sthAnAMga' meM varNita hai, jisakA vivaraNa bhI dvIpa-prakaraNa meM draSTavya hai| udadhikumAra devoM ne RSabhasvAmI kI citA kSIrodasamudra ke jala se hI bujhAI thI (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 185) / saMghadAsagaNI ne to gaMgAvataraNa kA vizada varNana kiyA hai| usI krama meM gaMgA ke mArga kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai : kumAra bhAgIrathi (bhagIratha) ratha para car3hakara daNDarala se nadI kI dhArA ko mor3ane lagA aura use kuru-janapada ke bIca se hokara hastinApura le AyA, phira dakSiNa meM -kosala-janapada se hote hue pazcima meM, jahA~ nAgabhavana thA, vahA~ khIMca laayaa| vahA~ kumAra ne nAgarAja jvalanaprabha ko nAgabali arpita kii| usI samaya se nAgabali kI prathA prArambha huii| phira, kumAra bhAgIrathi (brAhmaNapurANoM dvArA svIkRta nAma bhagIratha) gaMgA ko prayAga ke uttara aura kAzI ke dakSiNa se hokara vindhyapradeza kI ora le gayA aura phira mahAnadI gaMgA magadha ke uttara aura aMga ke dakSiNavartI hajAroM-hajAra nadiyoM ko samRddha karatI huI samudra meM mila gii| gaMgA jahA~ samudra meM milI, vahA~ 'gaMgAsAgara' tIrtha pratiSThita ho gyaa| cU~ki, pahale-pahala jahrakumAra ne gaMgA kA AkarSaNa kiyA thA, isalie use 'jAhnavI' kahA jAtA hai| bAda meM, bhAgIrathi (bhagIratha) ne AkarSaNa kiyA, isalie vaha gaMgA 'bhAgIrathI' kahalAI (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 305) / 'sthAnAMga'(5. 230) meM bhI bharata-kSetra meM bahanevAlI gaMgA ko mahAnadI kahA gayA hai| gaMgA nadI kI mahattA bar3I prAcIna. hai| isalie sampUrNa bhAratIya vAGmaya gaMgA ke varNana vaividhya se vimaNDita hai| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM gaMgA nadI kA eka nahIM, apitu aneka sthaloM para sAgraha varNana kiyA hai| 1. dra 'sArthavAha' (vahI) : pR.124 2. uparivat : pR.187

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kathAkAra ne godAvarI nadI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai (bhadramitrA - satyarakSitAlambha : pR. 353-54) / bhArata ke dakSiNa meM bahanevAlI yaha nadI bhUgolavidoM ke lie bahuparicita hai tathA bhAratIya prAcIna- arvAcIna sAhitya meM bahuvarNita bhI / kathAkAra ne campAnagarI ke nikaTa bahanevAlI eka nadI candA kI carcA kI hai (dhammillacarita : pR. 58 ) / isa nadI meM kamalavana bhI thA / nadI meM kamalavana kI sthiti kI carcA kaviprasiddhi ke anurUpa hai, vAstavika nahIM / sambhava hai, yaha koI jhIla rahI ho / bhAgalapura ke Adhunika 'campAnAlA' se isakI pahacAna sambhava hai / 468 kathAkAra ne mathurA ke pAsa bahanevAlI bhUgolaprasiddha yamunA kA varNana apane grantha meM kiyA hai, jise 'sthAnAMga' ne gaMgA mahAnadI meM milanevAlI pA~ca mahAnadiyoM (yamunA, sarayU, AvI, kozI aura mahI) meM parigaNita kiyA hai| mathurA ke rAjA ugrasena ne apane sadyojAta putra kaMsa ko kulavinAzaka mAnakara use kA~se kI piTArI meM rakhakara yamunA meM pravAhita kara diyA thA (devakIlambha: pR. 368) / isI prakAra, mathurAnagarI kI prasiddha gaNikA kuberasenA kI navajAta yamaja santAnako janma ke dina se dasa rAta bItane ke bAda gaNikA-mAtA ne, sone aura ratna se bharI choTI nAva meM rakhakara yamunA nadI meM pravAhita karavA diyA thA ( kathotpatti : pR. 11) / kathAkAra ne gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| hiMsAvAdI brAhmaNa parvataka aura zANDilya ne milakara rAjA sAgara se prayAga aura pratiSThAna (jhUsI) ke bIca yajJavedI banavAkara pazuyajJa karavAyA thA / phira, rAjA sagara ko jaba pazuhiMsAmUlaka rAjasUya yajJa meM dIkSita kiyA gayA, taba hiMsA-virodhI nArada ke kathanAnusAra, rAjaputra divAkaradeva ne gaMgA-yamunA-saMgamakSetra kI gaMgA meM yajJa-sAmagrI pheMka thI (somIlambha: pR. 192) / isa kathA se spaSTa hai ki gaMgA-yamunA kI saMgamabhUmi para usa yuga meM bhI yajJa- yAjana, pUjA-pATha Adi dhArmika kRtya nirantara hote rahate the / kathAkAra ne bhAratavarSa meM bahanevAlI yAvakI nadI kA nirdeza kiyA hai| usake taTa para aneka RSiyoM ke Azrama the / vahA~ ekazRMga nAmaka tapasvI rahate the, jinhoMne naTajAti kI strI skandamaNi se vivAha kiyA thA (bAlacandrAlambha: pR. 261) / isI prakAra, kathAkAra ne aSTApada parvata kI tarAI meM bahanevAlI nikaTI nadI kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa nadI ke taTa para bhI aneka tApasoM ke Azrama the (ketumatIlambha: pR. 338) / campAnagarI (aMgadeza) ke nikaTa bahanevAlI kanakabAlukA kI bhA~ti rajatabAlukA nadI kA nirdeza kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| isake varNana meM likhA gayA hai ki isa nadI kA taTa vRkSoM aura latAoM ke kuMjoM se AkIrNa thA, isakA pAnI bahuta svaccha thaa| isakI bAlU cikanI aura ujalI thI (pR. 134) / nAma ke anusAra, anumAnataH isa nadI kI bAlU meM rajatakaNa upalabdha rahate hoMge / kathAkAra ne vidarbha- janapada ke rAjA bhISmaka kI rAjadhAnI kuNDinapura ke pAsa bahanevAlI varadA nadI kA nirdeza kiyA hai / isa nadI ke taTa para nAgagRha pratiSThita thA, jahA~ kRSNa ke saMketAnusAra rukmiNI pUjA ke lie AI thI aura kRSNa ne vahIM se usakA haraNa kara liyA thA / rukmiNI ke svayaMvara meM sammilita hone ke lie AyA huA zizupAla varadA nadI ke pUrvI taTa para ThaharA thA (pIThikA: pR. 80-81) / kathAkAra dvArA nirdiSTa vijayA nAmaka nadIhrada vaitADhya parvata kI tarAI meM avasthita thA / kupatha ko pAra karane ke mArga meM yaha athAha hada sthala- vyApAriyoM ke lie bhISaNa samasyA utpanna

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 469 karatA thaa| DaoN. motIcandra ne vijayA nadI kI AnumAnika pahacAna madhya eziyA kI sIradariyA se kI hai| 1 1 kathAkAra ne vidyAdhara- kSetra meM bahanevAlI eka adbhuta nadI varuNodikA kA varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki rAjagRha se yAtrA karate hue vasudeva apanI vidyAdharI patnI vegavatI ke sAtha varuNodikA nadI ke nikaTavarttI Azrama meM gye| Azrama ke pAsa usa nadI meM pA~ca nadiyoM kA saMgama hotA thA / vasudeva varuNodikA nadI ke saikata taTa para utare aura sapatnIka unhoMne pA~coM nadiyoM kI dhArAoM meM paiThakara snAna kiyA phira ve donoM siddhoM ko praNAma kara bAhara Aye / vahA~ una donoM ne milakara svAdiSTha phala kA bhakSaNa kiyA, punaH jala kA pAna aura Acamana kiyaa| RSi ke sAnnidhya meM rAta bitAkara prAtaH sUryodaya hone para ve donoM Azrama se nikala par3e aura vahA~ se calakara punaH varuNodikA nadI ke taTa para phuNce| usa nadI kA jala atizaya nirmala thA / usakA pulina bar3A ramaNIya thaa| nadI kI sImA para eka parvata thA, jo vividha dhAtuoM ke aMgarAga se anuraMjita thA / usake zikhara AkAza chU rahe aura usakI talahaTI ko varuNodikA nadI apane jala se pakhAra rahI thI ( vegavatIlambha: pR. 250 ) / isa prakAra usa yuga kI pA~ca nadiyoM ke saMgamavAlI yaha nadI avazya hI mahattvapUrNa rahI hogii| Aja isa nadI kI pahacAna ke lie bhUgolavidoM kI zodha - sUkSmekSikA kI pragati pratIkSita hai| 2 kathAkAra dvArA nirdiSTa hRdarUpa zaMkhanadI ke taTa para ratnoM kA vyApAra hotA thA / kathA hai ki jambUdvIpa ke airavata - kSetra ke padminIkheTa ke nivAsI sAgaradatta vaNik ke putra dhana aura nandana nAgapura kI zaMkhanadI ke taTa para vyApAra karate the| eka dina donoM zaMkhanadI ke taTa para ratna ke lie jhagar3ane lage aura jhagar3ane ke krama meM hada meM jA gire (ketumatIlambha: pR. 338 ) / anumAnataH yaha nadI -hada dakSiNa bhArata kA koI prasiddha vyApAra kSetra thA / saMghadAsagaNI ne cakravarttI bharata ke digvijaya-prasaMga meM sindhunadI (somazrI lambha : pR. 186 ) kA ullekha kiyA hai, sAtha hI cArudatta kI kathA meM sindhu- sAgara-saMgama (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 148) kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai / cArudatta ne apanI madhya-eziyA kI yAtrA sindhu-sAgara-saMgama, yAnI prAcIna barbara ke bandaragAha se zurU kI thI / 3 jainAgama 'sthAnAMga' (5. 231) ke anusAra, sindhu, jambUdvIpa ke mandaraparvata ke dakSiNa bhAga (bharata - kSetra) meM bahanevAlI mahAnadI hai| isameM pA~ca mahAnadiyA~ milatI haiM: zatadru (satalaja), vitastA (jhelama), vipAsA (vyAsa), airAvatI (rAvI) aura candrabhAgA ( cinAba ) / sindhunadI se hI bhArata kI sindhu sabhyatA kI svatantra pahacAna sthApita huI hai / purAtattvajJoM kI yaha mAnyatA suvidita hai ki pA~ca-chaha sahasra varSa pUrva sindhu ghATI meM eka atyanta samunnata sabhyatA vikasita huI thI / yaha sabhyatA dakSiNa meM kAThiyAvAr3a aura pazcima meM makarAna se himAlaya taka vistRta thI / kathAkAra dvArA nirdiSTa suvarNakUlA nadI bhI AgamikaM hai / 'sthAnAMga' (6.90) ke anusAra, yaha jambUdvIpa ke 1. dra. 'sArthavAha' (vahI) : pR. 133 / 2. prasiddha purAtattvetihAsajJa DaoN. yogendra mizra ne zvetapura ( cecara : uttara bihAra kA grAmasamUha) ke anusandhAna ke krama meM vahA~ pA~ca dhArAoM ke saMgamavAlI nadI (paMcanadIsaMgama) kI avasthiti kA ullekha kiyA hai| (dra. 'zvetapura kI khoja aura usakA itihAsa; pra. vaizAlI bhavana, TikiyATolI, paTanA) / zvetapura ke paricaya ke krama meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kA yaha sandarbha vicAraNIya hai / le. 3.dra. 'sArthavAha' (vahI) : pR. 133

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470 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA mandaraparvata kI uttaravAhinI chaha mahAnadiyoM (narakAntA, nArIkAntA, suvarNakUlA, rUpyakUlA, raktA aura raktavatI) meM anyatama hai aura sthAnAMga (3.457) ke hI anusAra yaha nadI mandaraparvata ke uttara meM, zikharI varSadhara parvata ke puNDarIka mahAhrada se pravAhita honevAlI tIna mahAnadiyoM (suvarNakUlA, raktA aura raktavatI) meM eka hai| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ke saMketAnusAra, suvarNakUlA nadI airavata-kSetra meM avasthita hai aura isake taTavartI jaMgaloM meM hAthI pracuratA se pAye jAte haiN| kathAkAra dvArA ullikhita haMsanadI jayapura ke pAsa bahatI thii| kathA hai ki rAjA subAhu ke do putra the--abhagnasena aura meghasena / meghasena bar3A thaa| rAjA subAhu ne haMsanadI ko sImA mAnate hue apane rAjya ko do bhAgoM meM bA~Takara donoM putroM ko de diyA thaa| ve donoM bhAI jayapura meM rahate the| bAda meM bar3e bhAI meghasena se utpIDita hone ke kAraNa abhagnasena jayapura chor3akara zAlaguhA meM jAkara rahane lagA thaa| saMketAnusAra, yaha jayapura kI sImA ke bIco-bIca bahanevAlI nadI pratIta hotI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne zItA aura zItodA nadiyoM kI kaI bAra AvRtti kI hai / yaha bhI Agamokta nadI hai| 'sthAnAMga' (10.167) ke anusAra, ina donoM mahAnadiyoM kA mukhamUla (samudrapraveza-sthAna) dasa-dasa yojana gaharA hai| 'sthAnAMga' (6.91-92) meM ullekha hai ki mandaraparvata kI pUrvavAhinI zItA mahAnadI ke donoM taToM se milanevAlI chaha antarnadiyA~ haiM : grAhavatI, hRdavatI, paMkavatI, taptajalA, mattajalA aura unmttjlaa| isI prakAra zItodA mahAnadI meM milanevAlI antarnadiyA~ bhI chaha hai: kSIrodA, siMhasrotA, antarvAhinI, UrmimAlinI, phenamAlinI aura gmbhiirmaalinii| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM ullikhita antassAkSya ke anusAra, zItoda nada (zItodA nadI) dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke pazcima videha-kSetra meM bahatA hai| isa nada ke uttara taTa para suvarga (suvarNa) vijaya (pradeza) kA khaDgapura nagara basA hai, jahA~ vidyAdharoM kA nivAsa thA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 336) / eka ullekha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki puSkaradvIpa ke Adhe pazcimI bhAga meM zItodA nadI bahatI hai| isa nadI ke dakSiNa meM salilAvatI nAmaka vijaya (prAnta) hai| vahA~ ujjvala aura unnata prakAravAlI bAraha yojana lambI aura nau yojana caur3I vItazokA nAma kI nagarI hai| usa nagarI meM caudaha ratnoM tathA nau nidhiyoM kA adhipati ratnadhvaja nAma kA cakravartI rAjA rahatA thA (tatraiva : pR. 321) / kathAkAra ke saMketAnusAra, jambUdvIpa ke mahAvideha-kSetra meM zItA mahAnadI bahatI hai| isa mahAnadI ke uttara meM puSkalAvatI nAma kA vijaya (prAnta) hai| yahIM vaitADhya nAma kA parvata hai, jahA~ vidyAdhara aura cAraNazramaNa rahate haiM (ttraiv)| jambUdvIpa ke pUrvavideha-kSetra meM bhI zItA mahAnadI bahatI hai, jisake dakSiNa taTavattI subhagA nagarI meM rAjA stimitasAgara kI do rAniyoM--vasundharI aura aNundharI ke garbha se aparAjita aura 'anantavIrya nAma ke kumAra utpanna hue the (tatraiva : pR. 324) / zItA mahAnadI ke dakSiNa taTa para hI maMgalAvatI vijaya hai, jahA~ ratnasaMcayapurI basI huI hai| isa purI meM rAjA kSemaMkara rAjya karatA thA (tatraiva : pR. 329) / ramaNIya nAmaka prAnta bhI pUrvavideha meM pravAhita zItA nadI ke dakSiNa taTa para hI basA thA. jisakI zubhA nAma kI nagarI rAjA stimitasAgara kI rAjadhAnI thI (tatraiva : pR. 338) / dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke pazcimavideha-kSetra ke pUrvabhAga meM bhI zItA nadI bahatI thI, jisake dakSiNa taTa para sthita nalinIvijaya kI azokAnagarI rAjA ariMjaya kI rAjadhAnI thI (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 261) /

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 471 - cauthe nIlayazAlambha meM kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki mandara, gandhamAdana, nIlavanta aura mAlyavanta parvatoM ke madhya bahanevAlI zItA mahAnadI dvArA bIcobIca vibhakta. uttara kurukSetra basA huA thA (pR. 165) / zItA mahAnadI samudra ke pratirUpa thii| kathA hai ki puSkalAvatIvijaya puNDarIkiNI nagarI ke cakravartI rAjA vajradatta kI rAnI yazodharA ko jaba samudra meM smAna karane kA dohada utpanna huA, taba rAjA bar3I taiyArI ke sAtha samudra jaisI zItA mahAnadI ke taTa para pahu~cA (tato rAyA mahayA iDDIe sIyaM mahAnaiM samuddabhUyaM gato; kathotpatti : pR. 23) / rAnI yazodharA ne usa mahAnadI meM snAna karake apane dohada kI pUrti kii| isa prakAra, kathAkAra dvArA upanyasta varNana se spaSTa hai ki jambUdvIpa meM vyApaka rUpa se pravAhita zItA mahAnadI kA usa yuga meM atizaya mahattva thaa| purANoM meM bhI sItA (zItA) nadI kA ullekha hai| 'matsyapurANa' (120.19-23) ke anusAra, zailodA kA udgama aruNA parvata se huA hai, parantu 'vAyupurANa' (47.20-21) ke anusAra, vaha nadI muMjavat parvata kI tarAI meM sthita eka hRda se nikalatI thii| vaha cakSus aura sItA ke bIca bahatI thI aura lavaNasamudra meM giratI thii| DaoN. motIcandra ke anusAra, cakSus vaMkSu nadI hai aura sItA kadAcit taariim| tArIma kI ghATI ke uttarI nakhalistAnoM meM bhAratIya prabhAva bahuta majabUta thaa| vahA~ sthAnIya IrAnI bolI ke atirikta bhAratIya prAkRta kA vyavahAra hotA thaa| vahA~ kI kalA para bhAratIya saMskRti kI chApa spaSTa hai|' uparyukta nadI-prasaMgoM ke vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI dvArA kathA ke mAdhyama se upanyasta nadiyA~ bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke carama utkarSa kI sandezavAhikA haiN| yathAvarNita nadiyoM kA mahattva kevala sAMskRtika aura aitihAsika na hokara rAjanItika aura vyApArika bhI hai| kathAkAra ne dvIpoM, parvatoM, kSetroM aura nadiyoM ke mAdhyama se na kevala AsetuhimAcala bhArata kA, apitu sampUrNa madhya-eziyA kA prAkRtika aura rAjanItika bhUgola upasthita kiyA hai, jisameM aneka aitihAsika AyAma apanI aitihyamUlaka vizeSatAoM ke sAtha jur3e hue haiN| bhArata kA apanA kucha aisA bhaugolika vaiziSTya rahA hai ki balakhakhaNDa, hindUkuzakhaNDa tathA bhAratIya khaNDa, yAnI mahAjanapatha, kauTilya ke zabdoM meM haimavatapatha ke tInoM khaNDa eka dUsare se anubaddha haiN| mahAn bhUgolavid kathAkAra ne apane kathA-pariveza meM bRhattara bhArata kI isI bhaugolika anubaddhatA kA digdarzana prastuta kiyA hai| janapada, nagara, grAma, sanniveza Adi : saMghadAsagaNI dvArA upanyasta janapada, nagara, grAma, sanniveza Adi ke varNanoM se tatkAlIna bhaugolika avasthiti kA jJAna to hotA hI hai, rAjanItika paristhiti kA bhI patA calatA hai| bhArata ke prasiddha prAcIna solaha janapadoM meM saMghadAsagaNI ne dasa janapadoM kA varNana kiyA hai : aMga, avantI, kAzI, kuru, kauzala, gandhAra, cedi, magadha, vatsa aura zUrasena / kathAkAra ne inake atirikta aura bhI kaI prAcIna sthAnoM kA janapada ke nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| jaise : Anarta, kuzArtha (kuzAvarta), surASTra, zukarASTra, utkala, kAmarUpa, koMkaNa, khasa, cInasthAna, cInabhUmi, yavana, TaMkaNa, barbara, vidarbha, zAligrAma, siMhaladvIpa, sindhu, sukaccha, zvetA aura huunn| ina janapadoM ke varNana ke krama meM 1. dra. 'sArthavAha' (vahIM), : pR. 175

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472 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kathAkAra ne zatAdhika nagaroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, sAtha hI inake antarvartI bIsa grAmoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM katipaya sanniveza, karbaTa aura kheTa koTi ke grAma yA bastiyA~ thiiN| ukta sabhI janapadoM, nagaroM Adi meM kucha ke to kevala nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai aura kucha ke varNana vivaraNa bhI, jinase unake bhaugolika aura rAjanItika vaiziSTya kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| kathAkAra dvArA yathAprastuta varNana se tatkAlIna aMga-janapada kI kaI sAMskRtika vizeSatAoM kI sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai| prAcIna aMga-janapada meM gAya-bhaiMsa pAlanevAle gopoM kI bahulatA thii| phalataH ghI kA vyApAra bar3e paimAne para hotA thaa| campApurI isa janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| isa nagarI ke AsapAsa aneka udyAna the aura nagarI ke nikaTa hI gaMgA meM milanevAlI candA nAma kI nadI bahatI thii| campA ke pAsa cU~ki yaha nadI jhIla ke rUpa meM thI, isalie kamalavanoM se AcchAdita bhI rahatI thii| isa nagarI kA tatkAlIna rAjA kapila thA, jisake yuvarAja kA nAma thA ravisena ( < rvissenn)| yuvarAja kI lalitagoSThI ke sadasyoM meM aneka kalAvanta kumAra sammilita the| eka bAra sabhI sadasya apanI-apanI patnI ke sAtha ratha para savAra hokara udyAna-yAtrA ke nimitta nikale the| 'dhammillahiNDI' ke magadhavAsI kalA-kuzala navayuvA caritranAyaka dhammilla ko apanI cahetI vimalasenA ke sAtha campApurI kA atithi hone ke nAte ukta lalitagoSThI kI ora se Ayojita udyAna-yAtrA meM sammilita hone kA avasara milA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, rAjA kapila kI rUpavatI putrI kapilA se vivAha karane kA bhI saubhAgya use prApta ho gayA thaa| rAjA kapila ghur3asavArI kA bahuta zaukIna thaa| rAjA kapila kA vidveSapAtra bhAI sudatta campA-pradeza meM hI bahanevAlI kanakabAlukA nadI ke taTavartI saMvAha aTavI-karbaTa (jAMgala grAma) kA adhipati thaa| dhammilla ne hI donoM bhAiyoM meM mela karAyA thaa| . usa samaya kI campAnagarI zreSThiyoM evaM sArthavAhoM kA prasiddha aura pramukha kendra thii| usa kAla ke indradama sArthavAha ke putra sAgaradasta kI kIrti diganta-vyApinI thii| sAgaradatta hI campAnagarI kI prakhyAta lokakathA 'bihulA-viSaharI' ke caritanAyaka cA~do saudAgara kA pratirUpa hai / usa samaya ke yahA~ ke zreSThiyoM meM bhAnudatta seTha ke putra cArudatta kI bar3I khyAti thii| ise durgama samudramArga ke mAdhyama se antardezIya aura antararASTrIya vyApAra karane kA zreya prApta thaa| cArudatta kI pAlitA vidyAdharaputrI gandharvadattA parama rUpavatI tathA gandharvaveda (saMgItavidyA) kI pAragAminI thI (ihaM cArudattasiTThiNo dhUyA gaMdhavvadattA paramarUvavatI gaMdhavvavedapAraMgayA'; gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 126) / campApurI meM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya kA unake nAma se aMkita pAdapITha pratiSThita thA, campAmaNDala meM hI pratiSThita mandaraparvata kI pUjyAtizayatA kI bhAvanA tatsAmayika jana-jana meM vyApta thii| mandaraparvata para rahanevAlA anagAra viSNukumAra viSNu kA hI pratirUpa mAnA jAtA thaa| campAnagarI kI rajatabAlukA nadI ke tIra para sthita aMgamandara ke udyAna kA dhArmika dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva thaa| aMgamandara meM jina-pratimA pratiSThita thI, jisapara phUla car3hAne ke lie bhaktoM kI bhIr3a juTatI thii| vahA~ samaya-samaya caitya-mahotsava tathA saMgIta-pratiyogitA-sabhA kA Ayojana hotA thaa| sugrIva aura jayagrIva kI jor3I vahA~ ke saMgItavidyA meM nipuNa AcAryoM meM sAtizaya pratiSThita thii| campApurI-sthita prAcIna suravana kI 'sUrAbA~dha' ke rUpa meM pUrvasmRti kI paramparA Aja bhI surakSita hai| meSa-saMkrAnti (satuAnI) ke avasara para isa bA~dha para pataMga yA guDDI ur3Ane kI

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 473 autsavika prathA bhI bar3I prAcIna hai| kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki purAkAla meM campAnareza rAjA pUrvaka apanI rAnI ke samudra snAna ke dohada kI pUrti ke lie yuktipUrvaka pravAhazIla jala se paripUrNa sarovara kA nirmANa karAyA aura use hI samudra batAkara rAnI ko dikhlaayaa| rAnI ne usameM snAna karake apanI dohada- pUrti kI aura putra prApta karake vaha prasanna huI / taba se rAnI apane manovinoda ke lie putra aura puravAsiyoM ke sAtha sarovara ke pArzvavarttI suravana kI yAtrA karatI rahI aura usI yAtrA kA anuvarttana bahuta dinoM taka hotA rahA (gandharvadattAlambha: pR. 155 ) / usa mahAsarovara ke hI taTa para bhagavAn vAsupUjya kA mandira pratiSThita thA / campAnagara meM vaha mandira Aja bhI yathApUrva pratiSThita hai / gandharvadattA ke lie Ayojita honevAlI mAsikI saMgIta-sabhA meM eka bAra vasudeva pahu~ce aura unhoMne apanI saMgIta - nipuNatA se gandharvadattA ko parAjita kara zarta ke anusAra, use patnI rUpa meM prApta kiyaa| vivAha ke bAda eka dina vasudeva gandharvadattA aura cArudatta seTha ke sAtha vahA~ kI udyAna zrI ko dekhane aura vAsupUjyasvAmI kI vandanA ke lie gaye the, jahA~ unheM mAtaMgakanyA vidyAdharI nIlayazA se bheMTa huI thI, jo bAda meM unakI patnI bnii| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne aMga- janapada tathA usakI rAjadhAnI campApurI evaM prAcIna campAmaNDala ke Adhunika sthAna 'bauMsI' meM avasthita, merugiri ke samakakSa mandaraparvata kI sAMskRtika samRddhi kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| kathAkAra ne bihAra-rAjya ke do prAcIna janapadoM-- aMga aura magadha kI vizada carcA upanyasta kI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA magadha- janapada kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha nagara se hI prArambha hotI hai / kuzAgrapura aura magadhapura (prA. magahApura) rAjagRha ke hI paryAyavAcI (nAma) the| kathAMkAra ke anusAra, tatkAlIna, magadha- janapada dhana-dhAnya se samRddha thaa| vaha janapada vana-upavana tathA kamala sahita taDAgoM aura puSkariNiyoM se suzobhita thA / usa rAjadhAnI ke zAsana- kSetra meM bar3e-bar3e gRhapatiyoM se yukta saikar3oM grAma base hue the| vaha janapada aneka vanakhaNDoM ke vimaNDita thA, jinameM aneka bhojya phUla - phala se lade chAyAdAra per3a bhare hue the| rAjagRha nagara jala se bharI vizAla khAiyoM aura zatruoM lie durladhya U~ce-U~ce parakoToM se AveSTita, gaganacumbI mahaloM se maNDita tathA atizaya unnata parvatoM se pariveSTita hone ke sAtha hI vyApAra kA kendrasthala bhI thA / vaha nagara brAhmaNa, zramaNa aura sajjanoM kA samabhAva se sammAna karanevAle vaNigjanoM se paripUrNa aura ratha evaM ghor3oM se vyApta tathA hAthiyoM ke madajala se siMcita vistRta rAjamArgoM se suzobhita thA (kathotpatti : 2) / rAjagRha meM rAjA zreNika (bimbisAra) kA rAjya thA, jisakI rAnI kA nAma celanA aura putra kA nAma koNika (ajAtazatru) thaa| rAjagRha kA guNazilaka caityaM (Azrama : sAdhuoM kA pravacana-sthala) atizaya pratiSThita thA / mahAvIrasvAmI aura unake pradhAna gaNadhara sudharmAsvAmI eka bAra guNazilaka caitya meM padhAre the, jahA~ jambUsvAmI ne sudharmAsvAmI kA ziSyatva prApta kiyA thA / sampUrNa jainAgama ke vaktRboddhavya (vaktA aura jijJAsu zrotA) ke rUpa meM sudharmAsvAmI aura jambUsvAmI ke nAmoM ko Agamika pratiSThA prApta hai| aura yaha pratiSThA dene kA zreya bihAra ke magadha- janapada ke rAjagRha nagara ko hI hai / kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne bRhadratha - putra jarAsandha ke samaya ke paurANika magadha- janapada ko upajIvya banAkara aneka kathAoM kA vinyAsa kiyA hai / kintu unake dvArA varNita magadha- janapada

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474 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA unake samaya kA hI pratinidhitva karatA hai| kathAkAra ne paurANika saMketoM ke AdhAra para prabandha kalpanA kI hai ki eka bAra jarAsandha ne vasudeva ke bar3e bhAI samudravijaya ko yaha maitrI-sandeza bhejakara unase sahAyatA kI prArthanA kI : 'Apa yadi mere prabala pratipakSI siMhapura ke rAjA siMharatha ko bandI banA leMge, to maiM Apako apanI putrI jIvadyazA aura apanA pradhAna nagara pradAna kara duuNgaa|' jarAsandha kI prArthanA sunakara vasudeva ne apane bar3e bhAI se nivedana kiyA ki kaMsa ke sAtha mujhe hI yuddha meM jAne diijie| kintu, samudravijaya ne nahIM mAnA, isalie ki unheM vizvAsa thA ki vasudeva ne kabhI lar3AI dekhI taka nhiiN| parantu, vasudeva ke bAra-bAra Agraha karane para samudravijaya ne unheM kaMsa evaM aneka anya logoM ke sAtha yuddha meM bheja diyaa| kaMsa vasudeva kA sArathI banA thaa| isa yuddha meM vasudeva ne hastakauzala aura kaMsa ne gadAkauzala kA adbhuta pradarzana kiyaa| anta meM, vasudeva yuddhadhurandhara siMharatha ko bandI banAkara dvAravatI le aaye| samudravijaya ne vasudeva kA bar3A sammAna kiyA aura kaMsa ko jarAsandha kI putrI jIvadyazA de dI gaI / vasudeva ko yaha kahakara manA liyA gayA ki krauSTukinaimittika ke vacanAnusAra jIvadyazA donoM kuloM kA nAza karanevAlI hai| ___ isake bAda, samudravijaya aura vasudeva ne jIvadyazA ke bhAvI pati kaMsa ke kSatriyatva kI jAnakArI ke nimitta usakI utpatti-kathA jAnanI caahii| isake lie rasavaNik ko bulAyA gayA, jisane zizu kaMsa ko kA~se kI piTArI meM yamunA meM bahate hue pAyA thA, aura jisa zizu ke sAtha ugrasena nAma se aMkita mudrA ba~dhI thI / vasudeva kaMsa ko ugrasena kA putra jAnakara rAjagRha le Aye aura jarAsandha se unhoMne usake vaMza aura parAkrama kI bAta khii| ugrasena ke putra ke rUpa meM kaMsa kA samarthana ho jAne para jarAsandha ne apanI putrI use de dii| kaMsa ne jaba sunA ki janma lete hI use usake pitA ne pravAhita karA diyA thA, taba vaha bar3A ruSTa huA aura jarAsandha se varadAna meM usane mathurA nagarI mA~ga lii| phira, dveSavaza usane apane pitA ugrasena ko bandI banA liyA aura svayaM vaha rAjya kA zAsana sa~bhAlane lgaa| isase spaSTa hai ki jarAsandha kA pratApa aura prazAsana rAjagRha se mathurA taka, arthAt dUra-dUra taka vyApta thaa| bharata-kSetra ke tatkAlIna magadha-janapada meM avasthita zAligrAma nAmaka gA~va ke manorama udyAna kI sumanA nAma kI yakSazilA para pUjA ke lie janapadavAsiyoM kI bhIr3a lagatI thii| yaha zilA, sumana yakSa ke nAma para sthApita kI gaI thii| magadha-janapada ke sugrAma nAmaka gA~va kI bhI bar3I mahattA thI, jisakI aneka ghaTanAoM ko kathAkAra ne kathAbaddha kiyA hai| usa janapada kA palAzapura grAma bhI apanA mahattva rakhatA thaa| sugrAma aura palAzapura ke skandila brAhmaNoM kI apane samaya meM bar3I carcA rahI hogI, tabhI to jaina kathAoM ke pratinidhi evaM nidhigrantha 'vasudevahiNDI' meM unakA bAra-bAra kIrtana kiyA gayA hai| vasudeva apane bhramaNakAla meM apanA chadma-paricaya magadha ke gautamagotrIya skandila brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM hI prastuta karate the| usa samaya sugrAma ke bAhara pratiSThita Ayatana kI bar3I mahimA thii| vahA~ ke nivAsI gandha aura mAlya ke sAtha Ayatana meM pUjA ke lie Ate the| kathAkAra dvArA upanyasta kathAoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya magadha-janapada meM aneka dharmAcArya tapovihAra ke lie AyA karate the| jaisA pahale kahA gayA, magadha kA rAjA jarAsandha bar3A pratApI thaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne usake lie 'sAmaMtapatthivapaNayamauDamaNikarA''raMjiyapAyavIDho'

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 475 vizeSaNa (vegavatIlambha : pR. 247) kA prayoga kiyA hai| arthAt, praNatinamra sAmanta narezoM ke mukuToM kI maNiyoM ke kiraNapuMja se usakA pAdapITha anuraMjita rahatA thaa| eka bAra usane vasudeva ko, yAnI apane zatru kRSNa ke pitA ko bandI banAkara aura camar3e ke thaile meM banda karAkara rAjagRha ke pahAr3a se nIce pheMkavA diyA thaa| kintu, vasudeva kI vidyAdharI patnI vegavatI ne unheM bacA liyA thaa| ___ kathAkAra ke saMketAnusAra, tatkAlIna rAjagRha nagara kI dyUtazAlA kA apanA vaiziSTya thaa| amAtya, seTha, sArthavAha, purohita, nagarapAla (prA. talavara), aura daNDanAyaka lAkhoM ke mUlya kI maNi, ratna aura suvarNarAzi ke sAtha dA~va lagAne ko usa dyUtazAlA meM juTate the| vasudeva ne, jinheM vidyAdhara mAnasavega eka vidyAdharI kA chadmarUpa dharakara AkAza meM ur3A le gayA thA aura usI krama meM vaha magadha-janapada ke rAjagRha nagara meM puAla kI TAla para AkAza se A gire the, apanI eka lAkha ke mUlya kI aMgUThI dA~va para lagAkara eka karor3a jIta liyA thA aura use garIboM meM bA~Ta diyA thaa| prajApati zarmA nAmaka jyotiSI ne jarAsandha se kahA thA ki isa prakAra ke udAra AcaraNa karanevAle ko Apa apane zatru kRSNa kA pitA smjheNge| isI sUcanA ke AdhAra para jarAsandha ne vasudeva ko, garIboM meM ghUtArjita dhana bA~Tate samaya, dyUtazAlA ke dvAra para apane puruSoM se bandI banavAkara sIdhe kArAgAra meM DalavA diyA thA aura rAtoM-rAta cupake se unheM, jaisA pahale kahA gayA, rAjagRha ke chinnakaTaka parvata (vipulAcala) se nIce chor3avA diyA thaa| ___ kathAkAra ne magadha-janapada ke vaDaka grAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa grAma ke kisAna bar3e parizramI the| ve rAta-rAta bhara kyArI paTAne ke kAma meM lage rahate the| magadha-janapada kA acalagrAma to vedapAThI brAhmaNoM se bharA rahatA thaa| vahA~ dharaNijaDa brAhmaNa brAhmaNaputroM ko veda par3hAtA thaa| vasudeva jaba dubArA magadha-janapada pahu~ce the, taba vahA~ (rAjagRha) ke eka saniveza (nagara kA bahiHpradeza) meM Thahare the| vahIM se jarAsandha ke dUta Dimbhaka zarmA ke saMketAnusAra solaha rAjapuruSa unheM pakar3akara le gaye the| unakA aparAdha yahI thA ki unhoMne jarAsandha kI putrI indrasenA (vasantapura ke rAjA jitazatru kI patnI) ko pizAcAveza se mukta karAyA thA aura jyotiSI ne jarAsandha se batAyA thA ki aisA karanevAlA vyakti tumhAre zatru (kRSNa) kA pitA hogaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne pATaliputra kI carcA nahIM kI hai| isase yaha saMketa milatA hai ki magadha kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM pATaliputra kI mAnyatA bAda meM sthApita huI / buddhakAlIna itihAsa se patA calatA hai ki buddha ke samaya meM avantI aura magadha ke rAjya uttara bhArata meM apanI dhAka jamA lene ke phirAka meM the, kintu vajjiyoM ke (saMghadAsagaNI ne vaizAlI aura vahA~ ke nivAsI vajjiyoM kA koI jikra nahIM kiyA hai) hArane ke bAda ajAtazatru kA palar3A bhArI ho gayA aura isa taraha magadha uttara bhArata meM eka mahAn sAmrAjya bana gyaa| ajAtazatru ke putra aura uttarAdhikArI udayibhadra ne gaMgA ke dakkhina meM kusumapura athavA pATaliputra basAyA / yaha nayA nagara kadAcit ajAtazatru ke kile ke AsapAsa hI kahIM basAyA gayA thaa| vartamAna paTanA ke kumharAra meM prApta bhavana ke purAvazeSa kI pahacAna purAtattvavidoM ne tatkAlIna pATaliputranareza candragupta ke sabhA-bhavana ke rUpa meM kI hai| vidhivat basane ke bAda se hI pATaliputra nagara vyApAra aura rAjanIti kA eka mahattvapUrNa kendra bana gayA thaa| 1. mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana dvArA sampAdita 'majjhimanikAya', bhUmikA : pR.jha

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476 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI dvArA citrita avantI-janapada kI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI thii| yaha janapada dhana-dhAnya se samRddha thA aura yahA~ ke nAgarika bar3e sukhI the| vidyA aura jJAna-vijJAna kA yahA~ bar3A Adara thaa| ujjayinI ke tatkAlIna rAjA jitazatru kA koSa aura koSThAgAra bahuta sampanna thaa| sAdhana aura vAhanoM kI pracuratA thii| bhRtya aura mantrI rAjA ke prati atizaya anurakta the| rAjA kA sAthI amogharatha dhanurveda meM pAraMgata thaa| bAda meM, amogharatha kA putra agaDadatta apane pitA ke sthAna para sArathI niyukta huA thaa| ujjayinI ke tatkAlIna sArthavAha sAgaracanda kI khyAti digdiganta meM vyApta thI ('dasadisipayAso ibmo sAgaracaMdo nAma; dhammillahiNDI : pR. 49) / ujjayinI ke vyApArI kauzAmbI jAkara vyApAra karate the| tatkAlIna ujjayinI se kauzAmbI kI ora jAnevAlA mArga bar3A durgama thaa| bIhar3a pahAr3I jaMgaloM meM cAroM ora jaMgalI jAnavaroM kA sAmanA vyApAriyoM ko karanA par3atA thaa| kathAkAra ne ujjayinI aura kauzAmbI kI bAra-bAra carcA kI hai| kAzI-janapada kA varNana karate hue kathAkAra ne vArANasI kI bhUrizaH carcA kI hai| vArANasI mukhyataH dhArmika saMskRti kI puNyabhUmi rahI hai| isalie, vibhinna sAdhu-santoM, bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM aura parivrAjaka parivrAjikAoM kA jamaghaTa vahA~ lagA hI rahatA thaa| vahA~ samudrayAtrI vyApAriyoM evaM sthalayAtrI sArthavAhoM kI bhI pracuratA thii| vArANasI kI parivrAjikA sulasA vyAkaraNa aura sAMkhyazAstra kI paNDitA thii| eka bAra vaha yAjJavalkya nAmaka tridaNDI parivrAjaka se zAstrArtha meM parAjita ho gii| zarta ke anusAra, use AjIvana yAjJavalkya muni kI khar3AU~ Dhone ke lie vivaza honA par3A / isI krama meM yAjJavalkya se daihika sambandha ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha garbhavatI ho gaI aura usane pippalAda nAmaka bAlaka ko janma diyA / pippalAda ne pazumedha tathA naramedha-yajJaparaka atharvaveda kI racanA kI / apanI avaidha utpatti kA patA calane para usane apane mAtA-pitA ko khaNDa-khaNDa karake gaMgA meM pheMka diyaa| ___ kathAkAra ne vArANasI kI bhaugolika sthiti arddhabharata ke dakSiNa meM mAnI hai| dakSiNa meM kozala kI sImA kAzI taka pahu~catI thI, jahA~ kadAcit kAzI ke logoM kI mAnarakSA ke lie prasenajit kA choTA bhAI paramparAgata rUpa se kAzirAja banA huA thA, jaise magadha dvArA aMga para adhikAra ho jAne ke bAda hI campA meM 'aMgarAja' nAmaka rAjAoM kI paramparA banI huI thii| kathAkAra dvArA varNita kuru-janapada kI rAjadhAnI hastinApura thii| hastinApura ko hI gajapura bhI kahA gayA hai| kathAkAra ne hastinApura meM rAjya karanevAle aneka rAjAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| zAntisvAmI, kunthusvAmI aura arasvAmI hastinApura ke hI tIrthakara-rala the| brAhmaNoM ke vAmanAvatAra ke pratirUpa viSNukumAra kI janmabhUmi bhI hastinApura hI thii| bharata ke choTe bhAI bAhubalI hastinApura aura takSazilA ke svAmI the| cakravartI rAjA sanatkumAra hastinApura meM hI utpanna huA thaa| sanatkumAra vyAyAma kA abhyAsI thaa| parazurAma ne rAjA kArtavIrya kA vadha hastinApura meM hI kiyA thaa| jamadagniputra parazurAma ne sAta bAra pRthvI ko niHkSatriya kiyA thA, to kArtavIryaputra subhauma ne ikkIsa bAra pRthvI ko nirbrAhmaNa karake usakA bhayaMkara badalA cukAyA thaa| sagaraputra bhAgIrathi (bhagIratha) gaMgA kI dhArA ko kuru-janapada ke bIca se hastinApura lAyA thaa| bauddha sAhitya ke AdhAra para DaoN. motIcandra ne likhA hai ki buddha ke samaya mahAjanapatha kuru-pradeza

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477 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana se hI prArambha hotA thA tathA uttarapradeza meM uttarapAMcAla, yAnI barelI jile meM dhaMsatA huA vaha kozala-pradeza se hokara sIdhe kapilavastu pahu~catA thaa|' ___ kathAkAra dvArA varNita kozala-janapada kI rAjadhAnI ayodhyA thii| vinItA aura sAketa ayodhyA ke hI paryAyavAcI (nAma) the| vinItA nAma ke anusAra hI yahA~ kI prajAe~ vinIta thiiN| prajAoM kI vinamratA ko dekhakara hI indra dvArA sandiSTa vaizravaNa ne vinItA nAma kI rAjadhAnI kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jo bAraha yojana lambI aura nau yojana caur3I thii| purAkAla meM nAbhikumAra ke bAda RSabhasvAmI yahA~ ke rAjA hue the| yahA~ kI prajAe~ ugra, bhoga, rAjanya aura nAga ina cAra gaNoM meM vibhakta thiiN| paravartI-kAlIna kozala-janapada kA saMgama nAmaka sanniveza brAhmaNoM kI AvAsabhUmi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huA thaa| kozala ke padminIkheTa kA nivAsI bhadramitra zreSTha sArthavAhoM meM parigaNanIya thaa| kathAkAra ne kozala-janapada kI bhaugolika avasthiti zrAvastI-janapada ke uttara meM mAnI hai| isa janapada ko kathAkAra ne 'savvajaNavayappahANo' (sabhI janapadoM meM pramukha) kahA hai| vasudeva kI patnI rohiNI kozala-janapada ke riSTapura ke rAjA rudhira kI putrI thii| rohiNI ke svayaMvara meM vibhinna janapadoM ke rAjA ekatra hue the, jinameM jarAsandha, kaMsa, pANDu, damaghoSa, bhISmaka, drupada, zalya, kapila, padmaratha, samudravijaya Adi rAjAoM ke nAma ullekhya haiN| ayodhyA nagarI ke rAjA dazaratha aura unake putra rAma kI kathA kA varNana bhI kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| prasenajit ko kathAkAra ne kulakara ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai, jinhoMne 'hAkAra'-'mAkAra' kA atikramaNa karanevAlI prajAoM ke lie 'dhikkAra' kI daNDanIti calAI thii| buddha ke samaya, prasenajit kozala ke rAjA the| ajAtazatru ne unheM eka bAra harAyA thaa| para, unhoMne usa hAra kA badalA bAda meM le liyaa| prasenajit ko usake beTe viDUDabha ne gaddI se utAra diyA / vaha ajAtazatru se sahAyatA mA~gane rAjagRha gayA aura vahIM usakI mRtyu ho gii| kathAkAra ke saMketAnusAra, gandhAra-janapada kI rAjadhAnI puSkalAvatI nagarI kA rAjA nagnajit thaa| usakI rUpavatI aura saMgIta-kalAkuzalA putrI gandhArI kA kRSNa ne haraNa karake use apanI patnI banA liyA thaa| kathAkAra ne bhaugolika dRSTi se gandhAra-janapada kI avasthiti jambUdvIpa ke aparavideha-kSetra ke gandhilAvatI vijaya ke gandhamAdana aura vakSAra (vakSaskAra) parvata ke nikaTavartI vaitADhya parvata para mAnI hai, jahA~ kI rAjadhAnI gandhasamRddha nAma kA nagara thaa| yahA~ ke nAgarika bar3e samRddha the| yahA~ kA rAjA mahAbala thA, jo apane janapada kA bar3A hitaiSI thaa| ise pitR-pitAmahaparamparA se rAjyazrI prApta huI thii| nizcaya hI, yaha gandhAra-janapada Agama-prasiddha thaa| bauddha sAhitya se patA calatA hai ki gandhAra ke rAjA puSkarasAri the| isa sambandha meM DaoN. motIcandra ne kaI naye aitihAsika aura rAjanItika sAkSyoM yA tathyoM kA anumAna kiyA hai| kathAkAra ke varNanAnusAra, cedi-janapada kA rAjA zizupAla thaa| rukmiNI-haraNa ke bAda kRSNa ne yuddha meM isakA vadha kiyA thaa| 'jainendrasiddhAntakoza' ke anusAra, hUNavaMzI toramANa hI zizupAla thaa| kathAkAra ne cedi-janapada meM avasthita zuktimatI nagarI kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma uparicara vasu thaa| isI nagarI meM kSIrakadamba nAmaka vedapAThI upAdhyAya rahate the, 1.dra.'sArthavAha' (vahI): pR.50 2.uparivat .

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA jinake putra kA nAma parvataka thA aura nArada nAma kA brAhmaNa unakA ziSya thA / parvataka dvArA Ayojita hiMsAyajJa meM sammilita hone ke kAraNa uparicara vasu ko narakagAmI honA par3A thA / 478 vatsa-janapada kI rAjadhAnI kauzAmbI thI / harivaMza -kula kI utpatti, jise 'sthAnAMga' (10.160) meM dasa AzcaryoM meM eka mAnA gayA hai, yahIM huI thii| sammukha yahA~ kA rAjA thaa| kahA jAtA hai, usane vIraka nAma ke bunakara kI patnI vanamAlA kA apaharaNa kara liyA thaa| eka dina bijalI girane se sammukha aura vanamAlA kI mRtyu ho gii| agale janma meM ye donoM harivarSa meM mithuna ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| harivarSavAsI mithuna meM puruSa hari nAma kA rAjA huA aura strI hariNI nAma kI rAnI huii| unakA hI putra pRthivIpati huA / pRthivIpati se hI vaMza paraMparAgata rUpa meM kramazaH mahAgiri himagiri vasugiri naragiri aura indragiri kA janma huA / hari ke vaMzaja indragiri ke kula meM isI krama se aneka rAjA hue| indragiri kA putra dakSa huA, jo prajApati kahalAtA thA / usakI patnI ilAdevI se ila nAmaka putra huaa| putra ke kisI kAraNa se ilAdevI dakSa prajApati se rUTha gii| ataeva, vaha saparivAra putra ila ko lekara anyatra calI gaI / ilA ne tAmralipti meM ilAvarddhana nAma kA nagara basAyA aura isake putra ila ne mAhezvarI nagarI basAI / ila kA putra pulina nAma kA huaa| kuNTI (kubar3I) mRgI ko bAgha ke sammukha khar3I dekhakara pulina ne socA ki yaha isa kSetra kA prabhAva hai| basa usane vahA~ 'kuNDinI' nagarI basA dii| usI vaMza meM indrapura kA adhipati rAjA varima huaa| usane saMyatI tathA vanavAsI nAma se do nagariyA~ basAIM / usI ke vaMza meM kollakira nagara meM kuNima nAma kA rAjA huA, jisakA vaMzaja mahendradatta huaa| mahendradatta ke putra riSTanemi aura matsya hue / unake Adhipatya meM gajapura aura bhadrilapura nagara the / ina donoM ke sau putra hue| inhIM ke vaMza meM ayodhanu huA, jisane 'zodhya ' nagara kI sthApanA kI / ayodhanu ke vaMza meM mUla rAjA huA, jisakA purohita vandhya huaa| mUla ke vaMza meM vizAla huA, jisane mithilA nagarI basAI / vizAla ke kula meM hariSeNa huA aura usake kula meM nabhaHsena / nabhaHsena ke kula meM zaMkha huA, jisake kula meM bhadra aura bhadra ke kula meM abhicandra huA / usake bAda uparicara (dharatI ke Upara-Upara calanevAlA) rAjA vasu huA, jisakA cedideza kI zuktimatI nagarI meM, yajJa meM pazuvadha ke viSaya meM 'ajairyaSTavyam' prayoga ke 'aja' zabda kA 'bIja' ke bajAya 'bakarA' artha lagAne kI bAta para parvataka aura nArada ke bIca vivAda huA aura pazuhiMsA ke nimitta mithyA sAkSya upasthita karane ke kAraNa vaha devoM dvArA nipAtita hokara narakagAmI huaa| rAjA vasu ke chaha putra rAjyAbhiSikta hue| kintu abhiniviSTa devoM ne unakA vinAza kara diyaa| zeSa bace hue, suvasu aura pRthagdhvaja bhI naSTa ho gye| suvasu mathurA meM rAjya karatA thaa| rAjA pRthagdhvaja ke vaMza meM subAhu huA, usase dIrghabAhu aura phira usase vajrabAhu huA / vajrabAhu ke kula meM arddhabAhu aura usase bhAnu huA / bhAnu ke vaMza meM subhAnu aura usase yadu huA / 1. saMghadAsagaNI ne vaizAlI kI carcA nahIM kI hai| 'vAlmIkirAmAyaNa' (1.4.11-12) tathA 'viSNupurANa' ( 4.1.48-49) ke anusAra ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA vizAla ne vizAlApurI, arthAt vaizAlI nagarI basAI / bauddha sAhitya ke anusAra, isa nagarI ko paristhitivaza kaI bAra vizAla karanA par3A, isalie isakA nAma vaizAlI ho gyaa| anumAna hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ke kAla meM vaizAlI ke badale mithilA nagarI hI loka-pracalita thI, isalie unhoMne rAjA vizAla dvArA mithilA nagarI basAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| --le.

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479 vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana yadu ke vaMza meM zauri aura vIra rAjA hue| zauri ne zauripura yA zauryapura basAyA aura vIra ne sauvIra nagara kI sthApanA kii| rAjA zauri ke do putra hue : andhakavRSNi aura bhojavRSNi / andhakavRSNi ke dasa putra hue : samudravijaya (vasudeva ke sabase bar3e bhAI), akSobha, stimitasAgara, himavanta, acala, dharaNa, pUraNa, abhicandra aura vsudev| ye dasa dazAha khlaaye| do putriyA~ bhI andhakavRSNi ke huI-kuntI aura maadrii| bhojavRSNi ke putra kA nAma ugrasena huaa| isa prakAra, harivaMza kA vistArollekha kathAkAra ne vizada rUpa se kiyA hai| mathurA zUrasena-janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| vahA~ ke sudita sanniveza meM brAhmaNoM kI AbAdI thI / kaMsa ne zUrasena deza para vasudeva ke adhikAra ko svIkAra kara svayaM unakA ArakSI-mAtra bane rahane kI Azvasti dI thii| eka bAra kaMsa vasudeva ko atizaya sammAna ke sAtha mathurA le gayA thA aura vasudeva vahA~ kucha dinoM taka rahe the| kaMsa kI anumati (rAya) se hI vasudeva ne mRttikAvatI ke rAjA devaka kI putrI devakI se vivAha kiyA thaa| yahA~ kathAkAra ne kaMsa dvArA vasudeva ke sAta putra mA~gakara una navajAta zizuoM ko mAra DAlane kI manoraMjaka prabandha-kalpanA kI hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra dvArA upasthApita dasa bhAratIya mahAjanapadoM kA varNana aitihAsikoM evaM rAjanIti ke paryavekSakoM ke lie aneka abhinava AyAmoM kA udbhAvana karatA hai| isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke aitihAsika evaM rAjanItika dRSTi se svatantra mUlyAMkana kI mahattA zodha-adhyetAoM kI pratIkSA kara rahI hai| ___ kathAkAra ne pUrvavarNita dasa mahAjanapadoM ke atirikta nimnanirdiSTa janapadoM kA bhI vizada aura prAmANika ullekha kiyA hai : prAcIna janapadoM meM Anarta, kuzArtha (kuzAvarta), surASTra (saurASTra) aura zukarASTra kA bhI ullekhanIya mahattva thaa| ye cAroM janapada pazcima samudra (hinda mahAsAgara) se saMzrita the| kathAkAra ne dvAravatI nagarI ko ina cAroM janapadoM kI alaMkArabhUtA kahA hai| yaha bhI vinItA nagarI kI bhA~ti nau yojana caur3I aura bAraha yojana lambI thii| isake parakoTe sone ke the| ise bhI kubera ne apanI vAstuka mati se nirmita kiyA thaa| lavaNasamudra ke bIca meM banI isa nagarI meM jAne-Ane ke lie 'susthita' saMjJaka lavaNAdhipa deva rAstA banAte the / yahA~ ratna kI varSA hone se koI bhI vyakti daridra nahIM thaa| raloM kI prabhA se yahA~ nirantara prakAza phailA rahatA thaa| devabhavana ke pratirUpa prAsAdoM se maNDita yaha nagarI viziSTa cakrAkAra bhUmi para banI thii| isa nagarI ke nAgarika vinIta, vijJAnI, madhurabhASI, dAnavIra, dayAlu, zIlavAn, sajjana evaM sundara vezabhUSA se alaMkRta the| isI nagarI ke bAhara raivataka parvata thaa| isa parvata ke gaganacumbI zikhara ratna kI kAnti se jagamagAte rahate the| harivaMza-kula ke prasiddha dasa dazAI dharma ke dasa bheda kI taraha isI dvAravatI nagarI meM rahate the| cArudatta kI yAtrAkathA meM janapada ke rUpa meM varNita khasa, cIna, hUNa, barbara, yavana, TaMkaNa, utkala Adi kA kevala nAmataH ullekha huA hai| saurASTra-janapada kA girinagara sArthavAhoM ke lie vyApAra-kendra thaa| usa samaya saurASTra deza ke prabhAsatIrtha kI bar3I bhArI mahimA thii| zAmba kI uddaNDatA ke lie kRSNa ne use jaba deza-nirvAsana kA daNDa diyA thA, taba dvAravatI se vaha saurASTra deza meM jAkara rahane lagA thaa| yaha rASTra bhI ukta harivaMziyoM ke hI adhIna thaa|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vidarbha-janapada kI rAjadhAnI kuNDinipura thI, jise harivaMziyoM ne hI basAyA thA / yahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma bhISmaka thA, jisakI parama rUpavatI putrI rukmiNI kA kRSNa ne haraNa kara liyA thA / rAjA bhISmaka kA putra rukmI dhanurveda meM pAraMgata thA / kRSNa ne jaba usakI bahana rukmiNI kA haraNa kara liyA thA, taba usane pratijJA kI thI ki bahana ko mukta kiye vinA kuNDinipura nahIM lauTUMgA / kintu kRSNa ne use yuddha meM parAjita kara usakA dAyA~ a~gUThA kATa liyA / isa prakAra usakI sArI dhanurvidyA viphala ho gaI / pratijJAnusAra rukmI kuNDinipura nahIM lauTA, apitu eka svatantra bhojakaTa nagara basAkara vahIM rahane lgaa| 480 kathAkAra ke anusAra, koMkaNa - viSaya (janapada) kI rAjadhAnI zUrpAraka thii| vahA~ ke nivAsI kAzyapa nAmaka kAzyapagotrIya brAhmaNa ke caritra citraNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki koMkaNI brAhmaNa SaTkarma (adhyayana-adhyApana, yajanayAjana evaM dAna- pratigraha) meM nirata rahate the aura uJchavRtti (kheta meM gire annakaNa ko cunakara udarapUrti karanA) se jIvana-yApana karate the| ye brAhmaNa jaina sAdhu ke prati agAdha bhakti rakhate the / kAzyapa ke ghara jaba mAsopavAsI eka sAdhu AyA thA, taba usane use brAhmaNoM ke lie upakalpita bhojana se zraddhApUrvaka pAraNa karAyA thaa| phalataH usa (kAzyapa brAhmaNa) ke ghara meM paMcadivya utpanna huA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, sAdhu ko pAraNa karAne ke phalasvarUpa, use agale janma meM bhI manuSya-yoni kI hI Ayu prApta huI / kathAkAra ne kAmarUpa - janapada kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| campA ke rAjA kapila ne apane mahAzvapati vasupAlita ko kAmarUpa meM apanA dUta niyukta kiyA thaa| isI krama meM vasupAlita ne apanI rUpavatI putrI vanamAlA, kAmarUpa ke rAjA suradeva ko arpita kara dI thI / saMyogavaza, rAjA mara gayA aura vanamAlA kAmarUpa se Akara campA sthita apane ghara vedazyAmapura meM rahane lgii| vasudeva jaba bhramaNa karate hue vedazyAmapura pahu~ce the, taba vaha unheM apanA devara sahadeva mAnakara, unake gale se lagakara khUba roI thI aura anya logoM ko bhI apane devara ke rUpa meM hI unakA paricaya dekara unheM apane ghara le AI thI, jahA~ usane unake lie prItipUrvaka snAna- bhojana kI vyavasthA karAI thI / kathAkAra ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki vasudeva vanamAlA ke isa nATaka ko samajha gaye the, kintu unheM to yAyAvara sthiti meM kahIM bhI anukUla Azraya kI apekSA thI, isalie tatkAla vanamAlA ke sarasa sAnnidhya meM hI rahanA unhoMne nItisaMgata smjhaa| isa varNana se kAmarUpa meM mohana-mantra kA prayoga karanevAlI striyoM ke rahane kI lokavizruta kiMvadantI kI bhI vyaMjanA hotI hai| kathAkAra ne zrAvastI ko kahIM janapada kahA hai, kahIM nagarI / vAstu kI dRSTi se zrAvastI nagarI suprazastathI ('atha suppasatya-vatthunivesA sAvatthI nagarI' bandhumatIlambha: pR. 265) / aura, zrAvastI janapada ke nikaTa hI uttara meM sabhI janapadoM meM pramukha kosala- janapada thA ( 'sAvatthI janavayassa uttare disAbhAe aNaMtario kosalA nAmaM jaNavayo savvajaNavayaSpahANo; priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 283) / yahA~ kA rAjA jitazatru thA / vasudeva kI patnI bandhumatI, zrAvastI nagarI ke hI kAmadeva seTha kI beTI thI / zrAvastI kA cauka usa yuga meM bar3A mazahUra thaa| usa cauka para rahanevAlI raMgapatAkA aura ratisenA nAma kI gaNikAe~ murage lar3avAne meM bahuta rasa letI thIM / zrAvastI ke rAjA eNikaputra ke mahAdvArapAla gaMgarakSita para raMgapatAkA kI dAsI ne eka

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 485 bAra vyaMgya bhI kasA thA ki vaha gaNikA ke rasavizeSa ko nahIM jAnatA hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra dvArA varNita zrAvastI nagarI kI aneka sAMskRtika vizeSatAe~ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathAbaddha huI haiN| kathAkAra ne mithilA-janapada kA bhI varNana kiyA hai, jo yathAprApta vaidika varNanoM se bhinna hai| isa janapada yA nagarI ke rAjA janaka the| inakA purohita zunakamedha thA, jo rAjA kI zAnti ke nimitta chAgamedha karatA thaa| rAjA janaka ke hI udyAna kI jutAI ke samaya, hala kI noka ke Age zizu sItA milI thI, jise mandodarI ke amAtya cupake se (tiraskariNI vidyA dvArA) janaka kI phulavArI meM rakha Aye the| mithilAnagarI kA hI eka rAjA padmaratha nAma kA thaa| vaha vAsupUjya sAdhu kA anuyAyI thaa| eka bAra vAsupUjya muni jaba campA meM vihAra kara rahe the, taba unakI vandanA ke lie padmaratha mithilA se calakara campApurI gayA thaa| mithilA kA hI eka dUsarA rAjA sumeru thA, jisake tIna putra the : nami, vinami aura sunami / brAhmaNoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, nami ne mithilA kI sthApanA kI thii| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ke anusAra, nami ne pezAvara (puruSapura) kI lar3akI alambuSA se byAha kiyA thA, jisase zaMkharatha nAmaka putra huA thA aura zaMkharatha se devaputra nAmaka putra utpanna huaa| anya sUcanAnusAra, devaputra, zaMkharatha kA hI dUsarA nAma thaa| unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha (zvetAmbara matAnusAra strI-tIrthaMkara mallI) mithilA ke hI rala the, jinhoMne sammedazikhara para nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| ina janapadoM ke atirikta kathAkAra ne kuNAla, zAligrAma, siMhaladvIpa, sindhu, sukaccha, zvetA Adi aura bhI kaI janapadoM kI viSayabahula vividha-vicitra kathAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| vastutaH, kathAkAra dvArA prayukta vijaya, viSaya, janapada, deza, nagara Adi prAyaH samAnArthI pratIta hote haiM aura unhoMne inake prayoga meM kisI sUkSma bhedakatA kA viniyoga bahuta kama kiyA hai| varNana kI dRSTi se, kucha nagaroM kI to unhoMne itanI adhika carcA kI hai ki usakI mahattA janapada se bhI adhika ho uThI hai| eka-eka nagara apane-ApameM eka janapada yA deza kI garimA se sampanna ho uThA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, mukhyatayA potanapura, bhadrilapura, kampillapura, kuzAgrapura, ayodhyA, campA, vArANasI, hastinApura, tAmralipti, camaracaMcA, rathanUpuracakravAla, gaganavallabha Adi nagara vizeSa ullekhya haiN| vidyAdharoM kA gaganavallabha nagara to atIva vismayajanaka thaa| kathAkAra ne likhA hai : isI pradeza meM vaitADhya nAma kA parvata hai| bhAratavarSa se pRthak, isake pUrva aura pazcima bhAga kI talahaTI ko lavaNajala kA samudra pakhAratA rahatA hai| AkAzacArI vidyAdharoM dvArA adhikRta isakI uttara aura dakSiNa do zreNiyA~ haiN| uttara zreNI meM nabhovihAra meM samartha devoM ke lie bhI vismayajanaka gaganavallabha nAma kA nagara hai| usameM vidyAdharoM ke bala aura mAhAtmya kA mathana karanevAlA vidyudaMSTra nAma kA rAjA rahatA thaa| usane sabhI vidyAdharoM ko apane vaza meM kara liyA thaa| eka sau dasa nagaroM se suzobhita donoM vidyAdhara-zreNiyoM kA upabhoga vaha apane parAkrama se karatA thaa| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne jina janapadoM aura nagaroM kA varNana kiyA hai, ve prAyaH sabhI 'bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya' meM bhI ullikhita haiN| jaina ullekha ke anusAra, prAcIna bhArata meM sAr3he paccIsa rAjyoM (bhuktiyoM yA janapadoM) kA astitva bhUgola, itihAsa, rAjanIti aura dharma kI dRSTi se apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhatA thaa| tatkAlIna janapadoM aura usakI rAjadhAniyoM kI sthiti isa prakAra thI :

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482 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ____ magadha : rAjagRha; aMga : campA; vaMga : tAmralipti; kaliMga : kaMcanapura; kAzI : vArANasI; kozala : sAketa (ayodhyA, vinItA; kuru : hastinApura (gajapura) ; kuzArtha : zauri (zaurya) ; paMcAla : kampillapura; jaMgala : ahicchatrA; surASTra (saurASTra) : dvAravatI (dvArakA) ; videha : mithilA; vatsa : kauzAmbI; zANDilya : nandipura; malaya : bhadrilapura; matsya : vairATa; varaNA (varuNa) : acchA; dazArNa : mRktikAvatI; cedi : zuktimatI; sindhu-sauvIra : vItibhaya; zUrasena : mathurA; bhaMgi : pAvA; puruvarta (prA puriva) : mAsapurI; kuNAla : zrAvastI; lATaH koTivarSa evaM kekayArddha : zvetavikA / ___ kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne bRhatkalpasUtrabhASyokta janapadoM aura nagaroM kI bhaugolika sImA ke AdhAra para bhUgolazAstriyoM dvArA yathAparikalpita mahAjanapatha ko hI vasudeva ke hiNDana kI patha-paddhati ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| aura isa prakAra, unhoMne 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM ke mAdhyama se prAcIna bhArata kI patha-paddhati kA bhI nirdeza kara diyA hai| niSkarSataH jJAtavya hai ki vasudeva kI yAtrA yA paribhramaNa-vRttAnta meM varNita sukha aura duHkha prAcIna yuga kI patha-paddhati kI bhaugolika sthiti aura usakI surakSA se sambaddha haiN| isa krama meM kathAkAra ne una prAcIna pathoM kI kalpanA kI hai, jinakA vyavahAra hamAre vijetA rAje-mahArAje, tIrthayAtrI, sArthavAha aura paryaTaka yA ghumakkar3a samAna rUpa se karate the| prAcIna bhArata meM kucha bar3e zahara avazya the, para deza kI adhika bastiyA~ gA~voM meM thIM aura deza kA adhika bhAga jaMgaloM se AcchAdita thA, jinase hokara sar3akeM nikalatI thiiN| ina sar3akoM para jaMgalI jAnavaroM aura luTeroM kA bhaya barAbara banA rahatA thaa| yAtriyoM ko svayaM pAtheya kA prabandha karake calanA par3atA thaa| ina pathoM para akele yAtrA karanA khataranAka thA, isalie sArtha sAtha calate the| inake sAtha yAtrI nirbhaya hokara yAtrA kara sakate the| sArtha kevala vyApArI hI na the, apitu bhAratIya saMskRti ke prasAraka bhI the| kathAkAra ne vasudeva kI yAtrA ke vyAja se tatkAlIna bhaugolika aura rAjanItika AsaMga ko kathA kI AsvAdyatA ke sAtha rucira-vicitra zailI meM upanyasta to kiyA hI hai, aneka aitihAsika sAkSyoM kI adhyayana sAmagrI bhI pariveSita kI hai, jisakA sAMskRtika dRSTi se anuzIlana svatantra zodha kA viSaya hai| (Ga) dArzanika matavAda bhAratIya sAMskRtika cetanA meM dhArmika aura dArzanika cintanadhArA kA prAsaMgika mahattva hai| sAMskRtika itihAsa kI pUrNatA, samasAmayika dArzanika matavAda kI vivecanA se sahaja hI jur3I rahatI hai / darzana-dIpta manISA se maNDita kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne tatkAlIna dArzanika jagat kA, bar3I vicakSaNatA se, varNana upanyasta kiyA hai| kathAkAra ne aneka dArzanikoM, sampradAyoM aura bhikSuoM ke nAmoM kI carcA kI hai, jo usa samaya ke dhArmika AndolanoM meM pramukha bhAga le rahe the| __saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM brAhmaNoM aura zramaNoM ke dArzanika matavAdoM ke bIca saMgharSa yA zAstrArthamUlaka sthiti ko darasAte hue zramaNoM kI dArzanika cintanadhArA ko utkRSTaM ghoSita kiyA hai| isI krama meM unhoMne brAhmaNoM ke veda ko anAryaveda aura jaina zramaNoM ke veda ko Aryaveda kahA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM pratipAdita atharvaveda bhI anAryaveda kA hI pratikalpa hai| hiMsAmUlaka yajJa kA samarthaka hone ke kAraNa brAhmaNoM ke veda kI saMjJA 'anAryaveda' huI aura ahiMsAparaka tapa, svAdhyAya Adi kA samarthaka zramaNoM kA veda 'Aryaveda' ke nAma se samudghoSita huaa| kula milAkara,

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 483 'kathAkAra' ne ahiMsA ko hI jainadarzana kI mUla dhurI siddha kI hai| jJAtavya hai ki dharma AcAraparaka hotA hai aura darzana vicAraparaka / kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ke dArzanika vicAroM kA AbhAsa unake . dvArA varNita dhArmika AcAroM ke mAdhyama se hI milatA hai| isa prakAra, unakI dRSTi meM dharma aura darzana anyonyAzrita haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne kula sAta dharma-sampradAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura kathA ke sUtra meM hI yatra-tatra dArzanika tathyoM ko piro diyA hai| phalataH, unakI vicAradhArA meM dharma aura darzana sAtha-sAtha calate haiM / aura isa prakAra, unakA sAmpradAyika matavAda hI dArzanika matavAda kA pratirUpa ho gayA hai / pratyeka sampradAya kA eka siddhAnta yA darzana hotA hai / vinA dArzanika dRSTikoNa ke koI sampradAya panapa nahIM sktaa| paravarttI kAla meM, AcAra-pakSa se sarvathA svatantra rUpa meM, vicAra- pakSa para jora DAlA gayA, jo jaina darzana ke uttarottara cintana - vikAsa yA pragati kA sAkSya hai / prAyaH pratyeka bhAratIya dharma aura sampradAya meM AcAra se vicAra- pakSa kI ora bar3hane kI pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai| bauddhoM kA hInayAna mukhyatayA AcArapakSa-pradhAna hai, to mahAyAna vicArapakSa-pradhAna / mahAyAna - paramparA ke zUnyavAdI mAdhyamikoM tathA yogAcArI vijJAnAdvaitavAdiyoM ne bauddha vicAradhArA ko adhika puSTa aura prANavanta bnaayaa| isI prakAra, vedAntiyoM kI pUrvamImAMsA meM AcAravAda kA Agraha hai, to uttaramImAMsA meM vicAra- pakSa kI prabalatA / sAMkhya aura yoga meM bhI sAMkhya kA mukhya vaicArika prayojana tattva - nirNaya hai, to yoga kA mukhya AcArika dhyeya hai- yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi, ina aSTAMgamUlaka yaugika kriyAoM dvArA cittavRti kA nirodha / isI prakAra, jaina paramparA ko bhI AcAra aura vicAra kI bhedakatA ke sAtha svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi isa prakAra ke do bheda spaSTatayA ullikhita nahIM haiN| AcAra aura vicAra kI dhArAe~ yugapat pravAhita hotI haiN| saMghadAsagaNI kA dRSTikoNa yahI hai / isalie, unhoMne paramparAgata rUpa se AcAra ke nAma para ahiMsA kA tato'dhika vyApaka dharma-darzana ke samekita rUpa meM vicAra kiyA hai| kyoMki, ahiMsA hI jainadharma ke mahArNava kA prANataraMga hai / jainAcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne jaina dharma aura darzana kA AdhikArika vicAra kiyA hai aura usI krama meM sAta jainetara sampradAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaise: cokSa yA caukSa-sampradAya, tridaNDIsampradAya, dizAprokSita-sampradAya, nAstikavAdI sampradAya, bhAgavata - sampradAya, brAhmaNa-sampradAya aura saaNkhy-smprdaay| dharma kI dRSTi se ina sampradAyoM para yathAsthAna pahale vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ kevala dArzanika matavAdoM para hI nAtidIrgha carcA apekSita hogI / kathAkAra ne jagaha-jagaha anAtmavAdI nAstikoM ko Ar3e hAthoM lene kI guMjAiza nikAlI hai| nAstikavAdiyoM meM harizmazru nAmaka dArzanika kI to vizeSa carcA kathAkAra ne kI hai| harizmazru nAstikavAdI thaa| vaha bhAratavarSa ke vaitADhya parvata kI uttara zreNI meM sthita camaracaMcA nagarI ke vidyAdhararAja mayUragrIva ke putra rAjA azvagrIva kA amAtya thA / azvagrIva sabhI vidyAdharoM aura bhAratavAsI rAjAoM ko jItakara ratnapura meM rAjyazrI kA bhoga karatA thA / harizmazru ne rAjA azvagrIva ko nAstika-dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA / bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne karma-siddhAnta ke vivecana ke krama meM nAstikavAdI siddhAntoM para prakAza DAlA hai / bhUtavAdI, bhUtacaitanyavAdI, anAtmavAdI Adi nAstikavAdiyoM, yAnI zarIra se bhinna AtmA

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484 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ko svIkAra na karanevAloM ke hI apara paryAya haiN| bhUtavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu ina cAroM bhUtoM (bhUtacatuSTaya se hI sabhI jar3a-cetana padArtha utpanna hote haiM) ke atirikta cetana yA acetana nAmaka tattva kI sattA isa saMsAra meM nahIM hai| bhUtavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM nAstiketara dArzanikoM dvArA svIkRta Atmatattva yA cetana tattva bhautika hI haiN| avasthA - vizeSa meM bhUtoM ke mAdhyama se hI caitanya kI utpatti hotI hai| jaise : pAna, supArI, katthA, cUnA Adi ke saMyoga se mukha meM svayaM lAlI utpanna ho jAtI hai| ' yA phira jisa prakAra kiNva (madirA ke nirmANa meM khamIra uThAnevAlA bIja yA anya jar3I-bUTI) Adi dravyoM meM mAdaka zakti nahIM hotI, apitu unake mizraNa se madirA meM mAdakazakti svataH udbhUta ho jAtI hai ( 'kiNvAdibhyo madazaktivat tebhyazca caitanyam) / isI prakAra, bhUtavAdiyoM yA bhUtacaitanyavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM AtmA bhautika zarIra se bhinna tattva siddha na hokara zarIra-rUpa hI siddha hotA hai| isIlie, cArvAka ne caitanya - viziSTa zarIra ko hI AtmA kahA hai ('caitanyaviziSTaH kAya: puruSa: ' ) / 'sUtrakRtAMga' (2.1) meM varNita 'tajjIvataccharIravAda' tathA 'paMcabhUtavAda' bhI bhUtavAdI mAnyatA se sambaddha hai / 'tajjIvataccharIravAda' kA mantavya hai ki zarIra aura jIva yA AtmA eka haiM, donoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai| ise hI anAtmavAda yA nAstikavAda kaha sakate haiN| paMcabhUtavAda kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza ye pA~ca bhUta hI yathArtha haiM aura inhIM se jIva yA AtmA kI utpatti hotI hai / 'sUtrakRtAMga' ke ina donoM vAdoM meM sUkSma antara yaha pratIta hotA hai ki pahale, tajjIvataccharIravAdiyoM ke mata se zarIra aura jIva eka hI hai, arthAt donoM meM abhinnatva-sambandha hai aura dUsare, paMcabhUtavAdiyoM ke mata se paMcabhUta ke mizraNa se nirmita zarIra meM svayaM udbhUta hotA hai aura zarIra ke naSTa hone para vaha (jIva) bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai 1 bhUtavAdI, cU~ki zarIra se AtmA kI pRthak sattA svIkAra nahIM karate, isalie ve punarjanma tathA paraloka kI sattA meM vizvAsa nahIM rkhte| unakI dRSTi meM jIvana kA ekamAtra lakSya aihalaukika yA bhautika sukha kI prApti hai / isI vicAra ko dRSTi meM rakhakara vaiyAkaraNoM yA zabdazAstriyoM ne bhautikavAdI nAstika-darzana ke pravarttaka 'cArvAka" ke nAma kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai : 'cArvAka' zabda kI vyutpatti 'cav' adane dhAtu se mAnI jAtI hai, jisakA artha cabAnA yA bhojana karanA hotA hai| cU~ki, isa sampradAya meM khAna-pAna aura bhoga-vilAsa para adhika Agraha pradarzita kiyA gayA hai, isalie isakA 'cArvAkadarzana' nAma upayukta pratIta hotA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra, jo puNya-pApa Adi rUpa parokSa phala kA carvaNa (nAza) karate haiM, arthAt tattvataH ise svIkAra nahIM karate, ve cArvAka haiM / 'zabdakalpadruma' meM rAdhAkAntadeva ne cAru + vAk se cArvAka kI niSpatti mAnI hai / cArvAkoM ke vacana (upadeza) logoM ko svabhAvataH cAru, madhura yA ApAtamanorama pratIta hote haiM, isalie unheM cArvAka kahA jAtA hai (cAru, ApAtamanoramaH lokacittAkarSakaH vAkaH vAkyamasya / kAzikAvRtti ke anusAra, 'cArvI ' zabda se bhI 'cArvAka' ke niSpanna hone kA saMketa milatA hai / 1. jaDa bhUtavikAreSu caitanyaM yattu dRzyate / tAmbUlapUgacUrNAnAM yogAdrAga ivotthitam // - sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha : 2.7 2. carvanti bhakSayanti tattvato na manyante puNyapApAdikaM parokSajAtamiti cArvAkaH / - uNAdisUtra 3. piba khAda ca jAtazobhane ... / SaDdarzanasaMgraha : pR. 3.

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 485 cAvI, buddhi ko kahate haiM aura buddhi se sambaddha AcArya ko bhI 'cAvI', kahA jAtA thaa| cArvAkadarzana ko lokakhyAti adhika prApta huI, isalie ise 'lokAyata' bhI kahA jAtA hai| ____DArvina ke prasiddha vikAsavAdI siddhAnta bhI cArvAka ke bhUtavAda se hI pratirUpita hai| DArvina ke siddhAnta kA sAra yahI hai ki prANiyoM kI zArIrika tathA jaivika zakti kA vikAsa kramazaH hotA hai| jaDatattva ke sAtha hI caitanya kA bhI vikAsa hotA calatA hai| caitanya jaDatattva kA hI eka aMga hai, usase bhinna svatantra tattva nhiiN| cetanA-tattva kA vikAsa jaDatattva ke vikAsa se anubaddha hai| jainadarzana, anekAntavAdI vicAradhArA kA samarthaka hone ke kAraNa na to ekAntataH bhUtavAdI hai, na hI abhUtavAdI, apitu vaha bhUtAbhUtavAdI hai / isalie, karma-siddhAnta kA vicAra karate samaya usane yaha mantavya prakaTa kiyA hai ki pudgala aura AtmA, arthAt jaDa aura cetana tattvoM ke sammizraNa se hI karma kA nirmANa hotA hai| anekAntavAdI jaina siddhAnta meM cetana aura jaDa padArthoM ke niyantraka evaM niyAmaka rUpa meM puruSavizeSa, arthAt Izvara kI sattA svIkAra nahIM kI gaI hai| usake mata se vizva anAdi evaM ananta hai| prANI svakRta karmoM ke anusAra hI saMsAra meM janma-maraNa kA anubhava karate haiN| yaha saMsAra-cakra vinA kisI puruSavizeSa kI sahAyatA ke svabhAvataH svataH calatA rahatA hai| karma se hI prANI ke janma, sthiti, maraNa Adi kI siddhi hotI hai| karma apane naisargika yA svAbhAvika guNa ke anusAra svataH phala detA hai| isalie pudgala aura AtmA kI pradhAnatA aura apradhAnatA ke kAraNa karma ke do rUpa ho jAte haiM-dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma / bhAvakarma meM Atmika yA caitanya-tattva aura dravyakarma meM paudgalika yA jaDatattva kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| tAttvika dRSTi se AtmA aura pudgala ke sammizraNa se hI saMsArI AtmA kA nirmANa hotA hai / karma kA kartRtva aura bhoktRtva Adi kA sambandha isI saMsArI AtmA se hai| __ jainadarzana ke siddhAnta ke anusAra, bhautika tattvoM ke viziSTa saMyoga se AtmA kI utpatti nahIM hotI, apitu usa (AtmA) kA svatantra astitva hai aura vaha cetanA-lakSaNa-rUpa hai, arthAt caitanya hI AtmA kA dharma hai| jIva kA vAcya artha hI AtmA hai aura yaha vyutpattiyukta aura zuddha pada hai| 'tattvArthasUtra' meM jIva kA lakSaNa prastuta karate samaya 'upayoga' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| _ 'upayoga' kA artha hai-bodharUpa vyApAra / bodha kA kAraNa cetanAzakti hai| bodha yA cetanAzakti AtmA meM hI hotI hai, jaDa meM nhiiN| 'AcArAMgasUtra meM jJAna ko hI AtmA kahA gayA hai| jJAnAtmaka jIva yA AtmA hI jJAtA hai aura ajIva jJeya hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne jainadRSTi se AtmA kA bahuta hI prAMjala aura prAmANika vivecana kathA ke mAdhyama dvArA (bAlacandrAlambha : pR.259) upasthApita kiyA hai| ayodhyAnagara ke rAjA sumitra kI putrI buddhisenA (jo suprabuddhA nAma kI gaNikA se utpanna huI thI) kI AtmA-viSayaka jijJAsA kI pUrti ke krama meM chatrAkAranagara ke prItiMkara nAmaka rAjarSi (pahale rAjA, bAda meM pravrajita sAdhu) ke mukha se kathAkAra ne kahalavAyA hai ki jIva-ajIva aura bandha-mokSa ke vidhAna ke samyagdraSTA ArhatoM 1. nayate cArvI lokAyate cArvI buddhiH tatsambandhAdAcAryo'pi cArvI, sa ca lokAyate zAstre ... / (1.3.39) 2. upayogo lkssnnm| -umAsvAti : tattvArthasUtra : 2.8 3. je AyA se viNNANe je viNNANe se AyA / (AcArAMgasatra)

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486 vasudevahiNDI:bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bahatkathA ke upadezAnusAra, AtmA yuvA, vRddha Adi paryAyoM se yukta hai| jIva, AtmA, prANI, bhUta, sattva, svayambhU Adi usake nAma haiN| yadi AtmA na rahe, to puNya-pApa ke phala kA koI mUlya nhiiN| AtmA hai, isalie to vividha karmAnubhAgI dehadhAriyoM meM sukRta-duSkRta ke phala kA pratyakSa pariNAma upalabdha hotA hai| isIlie, jIvoM ke prati zraddhA rakhanI caahie| dravyArtha kI dRSTi se jIva nitya hai| saMsArAzrita hone para usakA strI-puruSa ke rUpa meM utpAda hotA hai aura phira bhAva (vastu) ke vinAza kI sthiti meM vaha azAzvata yA anitya hai| vibhinna vyApAroM ko prApta kara AtmA pramatta ho jAtA hai, karaNa-sahita hone para kartA kahalAtA hai aura vaha svayaMkRta zubhAzubha karma ke phalodaya kA bhoga karanevAlA hai| apane karmAnusAra hI usakA zarIra sUkSma aura bAdara (choTA aura bar3A) AkAra dhAraNa karatA hai| rAga-dveSavaza tathA karmamala se kalaMkita hone para vaha nArakI, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devatva meM bhramaNa karatA hai aura samyaktva-jJAna hone para vaha tapojala se prakSAlita hokara mukta ho jAtA hai| spaSTa hI, kathAkAra dvArA nirdhArita AtmA kI mukti kA yaha prasaMga 'tattvArthasUtra' kI 'sarvArthasiddhiTIkA' (devanandi pUjyapAda : caturtha-paMcama zatI) meM pratipAdita mokSa ke lakSaNa para Azrita hai / lakSaNa isa prakAra hai: 'niravazeSanirAkRtakarmamalakalaMkasyAzarIrasyAtmano'cintyasvAbhAvikajJAnAdiguNamavyAbAdhasukhamAtyantikamavasthAntaraM mokSa iti|' ___'zrImadbhagavadgItA' ke Aloka meM jaina siddhAnta para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki kisI asat kA sat rUpa se utpAda nahIM hotA aura na kisI sat kA atyanta vinAza yA abhAva hI hotA hai| jitane sat haiM, unameM na to eka kI vRddhi hotI hai, na hI eka kI hAni / hA~, rUpAntara yA paryAyAntara pratyeka kA hotA rahatA hai / yaha eka sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai / isa siddhAnta ke anusAra, AtmA eka svatantra sat hai / saMsArI AtmA zarIrabaddha hokara hI apanI gatividhi karatA hai| yadi saMsArI AtmA zuddha hotA, to zarIra-sambandha kA koI kAraNa nahIM thaa| rAga, dveSa, moha, kaSAya Adi ke bhAva hI zarIra-sambandha yA punarjanma ke kAraNa haiN| jainadarzana meM amUrta AtmA ko vyavahAra-naya se mUrta mAnA gayA hai; kyoMki anAdikAla se yaha jIva zarIrAnubaddha hI dRSTigata hotA AyA hai| sthUla zarIra chor3ane para bhI sUkSma karmazarIra sadA isake sAtha rahatA hai| isI sUkSma karmazarIra ke nAza ko mukti kahate haiN| nAstika-sampradAya ke pravartaka cArvAka kA dehAtmavAda deha ke sAtha hI AtmA kI bhI samApti mAnatA hai| kintu, jainoM ke dehaparimANa-AtmavAda meM AtmA kI svatantra sattA hokara bhI usakA vikAsa, azuddha dazA meM, dehAzrita yA dehanimittaka mAnA gayA hai| ___uparyukta anAtmavAdI yA dehAtmavAdI nAstikoM tathA dehaparimANa-AtmavAdI jainoM ke siddhAntoM ke pariprekSya meM yahA~ jaina kathAkAra dvArA pratipAdita harizmazru ke nAstikavAdI siddhAnta kA paryAlocana prAsaMgika evaM samaMjasa hogaa| saMghadAsagaNI ne harizmazru tathA azvagrIva ke kathopakathana ke mAdhyama se nAstikavAdI siddhAnta yA dhAraNA kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai : 'zarIra se bhinna AtmA nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai| na puNya hai, na pApa aura usakA phala bhoganevAlA bhI koI nahIM hai| naraka bhI nahIM hai, na devaloka 1.(ka) nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / zrImadbhagavadgItA : 2.16. (kha) bhAvasya Natthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppaado| - paMcAstikAya : 15 2. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dra. jainadarzana' : pro. mahendrakumAra jaina : pR 227

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 487 hI hai| yaha saba kevala sunane kI vastu hai|' isapara azvagrIva ne harizmazru se pUchA : 'hameM jo bahuta bar3I sampatti prApta hai, vaha to avazya hI kisI puNyaphala se arjita hai| maiM samprati zramaNa, brAhmaNa aura dInajanoM ko dAna detA hU~ tathA zIla aura kAla ko uddiSTa kara tapa karatA hU~, isase merA paraloka siddha hogaa| taba, hirazmazru bolA : svAmI ! koI aisA jIva nahIM hai, jisake lie paraloka meM hita khojA jaay| deha ke bhinna koI jIva hotA, to jIsa prakAra piMjare se paMchI ko bAhara nikalate dekhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra deha ke jIva ko nikalate hue dekhA jaataa| aisA jAnie ki pAMca mahAbhUtoM kA, manuSya saMjJA se koI saMyoga ghaTita hotA hai, isI ko loga ajJAnatAvaza jIva kahate haiN| jisa prakAra darzanIya indradhanuSya yadRcchA (saMyoga)-vaza utpanna hotA hai aura phira vahI yadRcchAvaza naSTa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra isa saMsAra meM koI aisI sArabhUta vastu nahIM hai, jo naSTa hone para parabhava meM saMkramaNa kare / paMDitoM (jJAnI puruSoM ne na pApa kA varNana kiyA hai, na hI puNyaphala kA, isI prakAra na to narakabhaya aura na devaloka ke saukhya kA hI varNana kiyA hai| isalie, paraloka ke (kAlpanika) hetu kA parityAga kreN| parIkSaka kI dRSTi se yaha vizvAsa rakheM ki deha se bhinna jIva nahIM hai| isa prakAra, hirazmazru ne dharmAnmukha azvagrIva ko dehAtmavAdI nAstika dhAraNA ke viSaya meM aneka prakAra se samajhAyA (pR.275)| kathAkAra ke saMketa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki harizmazru kI nAstikavAdI avadhAraNA kA tatkAlIna rAjakuloM para vyApaka prabhAva par3A thA aura usI AdhAra para rAje-mahArAje apanI beTiyoM se bhI yauna sambandha kI sthApanA meM kisI prakAra kI hicaka kA anubhava nahIM karate the| kathA hai ki potanapura ke rAjA dakSa ne, apanI putrI mRgAvatI ke rUpa-saundarya para mohita hokara, jaba usake samakSa vivAha kA prastAva rakhA, taba vaha bolI : 'tAta ! mujhe apavacana kahanA Apake lie ucita nahIM hai| kyA Apa pApa se nahIM Darate? isa prakAra sajjanoM dvArA nindanIya vacana bolanA banda kreN| Apa na aisA boleM aura na maiM aisA sunuuN|' isa prakAra putrI ke inakAra karane para rAjA dakSa ne harizmazru ke nAstikavAdI siddhAnta kA sAkSya upasthita karate hue usase kahA : 'tuma paramArtha nahIM jAnatI ho| kyA tumane mahApaNDita harizmazru dvArA pUrvakathita mata nahIM sunA? deha se bhinna koI jIva nahIM hai, jo vidvAnoM dvArA varNita puNya yA pApa kA phala bhoge| isalie, pApa nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai|' anta meM, mRgAvatI rAjA ke phusalAve meM A gaI aura apane pitA kI hI aMkazAyinI bana gaI (tatraiva : pR. 276) / isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne nAstikavAdiyoM ke vikRta bhogavAda ke asabhyocita evaM sAtizaya ghRNita pakSa kA paradAphAza kiyA hai| ____ kathAkAra ne, pApAcArI nAstikoM ke dAruNa duHkha bhogane ke prasaMga dvArA nAstikavAdI avadhAraNA ko tyAjya siddha kiyA hai| harizmazru ko nAstikavAda ke pracAra ke kAraNa, darzanamohanIya (anApta meM Apta yA Apta meM anApta buddhi tathA apadArtha meM padArtha yA padArtha meM apadArtha buddhi kA udaya) karma kA saMcaya hone se dIrghakAla taka duHkha-paramparA kA anubhava karanA par3A aura asaMkhya varSoM taka aneka tiryak yoniyoM meM bhaTakanA pdd'aa| isalie ki jainoM ke deha-parimANa-AtmavAdI siddhAnta ke anusAra harizmazru kA sthUla zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI karmazarIra barAbara usake sAtha lagA rhaa| isI prakAra, harizmazru ke anuyAyI rAjA azvagrIva ko bhI, nAstikavAdI mata ke AcaraNa se saMcita pApa ke phalasvarUpa, tamatamA nAma kI naraka kI chaThI bhUmi meM taiMtIsa sAgaropama kAla taka duHkha bhoganA par3A aura tiryak; nArakIya evaM kumanuSya ke bhava se anubaddha saMsAra meM cakkara kATanA par3A (tatraiva : pR. 278) /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA isa prakAra, kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI mahatkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yathAprasaMga nAstikavAdI dhAraNA kI AlocanA upasthita karate hue anekAntavAdI jaina dhAraNA kA pakSa - samarthana kiyA hai| cauthe nIlayazAlambha (pR. 169) meM kathAkAra ne nAstikavAdI siddhAnta ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue nAstikavAditA ke kAraNa honevAlI jaghanya mRtyu kI kathA kA ullekha kiyA hai| gandhAra-janapada ke gandhilAvatI vijaya kI rAjaparamparA meM kurucandra nAma kA rAjA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma kurumatI aura putra kA nAma harizcandra thA / rAjA nAstikavAdI thaa| usakI dhAraNA thI : indriyoM ke samAhAra se hI puruSa kI racanA hotI hai, jisa prakAra madya ke aMgabhUta padArthoM ke milane se mada kI utpatti hotI hai| eka bhava se dUsare bhava meM saMkramaNa bhI nahIM hotA hai / devoM aura nArakiyoM meM koI bhI sukRta aura duSkRta kA phala nahIM bhogatA / isI siddhAnta ke AdhAra para usane aneka jIvoM kA vadha karanA prArambha kiyA / chure kI painI dhAra kI taraha krUra vaha rAjA zIlarahita aura vratavihIna thA / jIva- vadha karate hue usake bahuta varSa bIta gaye / mRtyu ke samaya asAtAvedanIya (duHkha ke kAraNabhUta karma) kI bahulatA se naraka -gati ke anurUpa pudgala - pariNAma huA, phalataH darzanamohanIyavaza use Apta meM anApta tathA padArtha meM apadArtha buddhi kA udaya ho AyA-- * zrutimadhura gIta ko vaha Akroza (cIkha-cillAhaTa) samajhane lagA / manohara rUpa bhI vikRta dikhAI par3ane lge| dUdha aura zakkara meM use badabU Ane lagI / candana kA lepa goiThe ke aMgAre jaisA lagatA / haMsa ke roe kI taraha mulAyama ruI ke bichAvana kA~ToM kI jhAr3I ke samAna mAlUma hote / rAjA ke isa viparIta bhAva ko jAnakara rAnI kurumatI aura putra harizcandra usakI pracchanna paricaryA meM laga gaye / anta meM, parama duHkhI rAjA kurucandra tar3apa-tar3apakara mara gyaa| isa prakAra, jainoM ke karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra, rAjA ko svakRta duSkarma kA phala bhoganA par3A / 488 kathAkAra ne AtmA kI svatantra sattA yA dehaparimANa - AtmavAda kI jaina dhAraNA ko bhI kathA meM nibaddha kiyA hai| camarI mRga ke bhava meM sthita zrIbhUti kA zarIra jaMgalI Aga se jhulasa jAne ke kAraNa vaha marakara vairAnubandha-janita janma-paramparA meM kukkuTasarpa ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| bIca jaMgala meM pahu~cane para usa sarpa kI dRSTi hAthI (pUrvabhava kA vairI siMhasena) para pdd'ii| ruSTa hokara sA~pa ne hAthI ko kATa khaayaa| jaba viSa pUrA car3ha gayA, taba hAthI namaskAra-mantra japane lagA aura socane lagA: 'yahI uttama samaya hai, merA zarIra mujhase bhinna hai aura maiM zarIra se bhinna hU~ / isa prakAra, prazasta dhyAna meM avasthita hAthI mRtyu ko prApta kara mahAzukra kalpa ke zrItilaka vimAna meM satraha sAgaropama kAlAvadhi taka lie deva ho gayA (bAlacandrAlambha: pR. 257) / yahA~ kathAkAra ne AtmA kA rUpAntaraNa pradarzita karake use 'svatantra sat' ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA hai| kathAkAra ne kathA mAdhyama se jainoM ke punarjanmavAda aura paralokasiddhi ke vividha prasaMga upavarNita kiye haiM / punarjanma aura paraloka-gamana ke sandarbha meM, 'rAjavArttika' Adi jainazAstroM meM 'maraNAntika samudghAta' nAmaka kriyA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa kriyA meM, maraNakAla ke pahale AtmA ke kucha pradeza apane vartamAna zarIra ko chor3akara bhI bAhara nikalate haiM aura apane AgAmI janma ke yogya kSetra kA sparza kara vApasa A jAte haiN| AtmA ke pradezoM ke sAtha karma-zarIra bhI jAtA hai| jaba koI prANI apane pUrva zarIra ko chor3atA hai, taba usake jIvana-bhara ke vicAroM, vacana - vyavahAroM aura zarIra kI kriyAoM se jisa-jisa prakAra ke saMskAra AtmA para aura AtmA se cirasaMyukta karma- zarIra para par3e hue hote haiM, arthAt karmazarIra ke sAtha saMskAroM ke pratinidhibhUta

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 489. pudgala dravyoM kA, jisa prakAra ke rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi pariNAmoM se yukta hokara sambandha huA rahatA hai, kucha usI prakAra ke anukUla pariNAmavAlI paristhiti meM AtmA nUtana janma grahaNa karatA hai| isIlie, jisake jIvana meM sadA dharma aura sadAcAra kI paramparA sambaddha hotI hai, usake karmazarIra meM prakAzamaya, laghu aura svaccha paramANuoM kA prAcurya rahatA hai aura usakA gamana laghu hone ke kAraNa svabhAvataH prakAzamaya Urdhvaloka kI ora hotA hai| phira jisake jIvana meM pApamUlaka, tamoyukta guru paramANuoM kI bahulatA hotI hai, vaha svabhAvatayA nIce tamoloka kI ora jAtA hai| isI tathya ko sAMkhya ne bhI kahA hai : 'dharmeNa gamanamacaM gamanamadhastAta bhavatyadharmeNa' (sAMkhyakArikA : 44) / ' __saMghadAsagaNI ne nandisena kI AtmA ke vasudeva kI AtmA ke rUpa meM punarjanma grahaNa karane ke krama meM 'maraNAntika samudghAta' kI kriyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sAdhuoM kI sevAvRtti ke sAtha zrAmaNya kA anupAlana karate hue nandisena ke pacapana hajAra varSa bIta gye| mRtyu ke samaya, use mAmA kI tInoM kanyAoM dvArA durbhAgyavaza na cAhane kI bAta dhyAna meM A gii| usane nidAna (saMkalpa) kiyA : 'tapa, niyama aura brahmacarya ke phalasvarUpa AgAmI manuSya-bhava meM, maiM rUpasI striyoM kA priya houuN|' yaha kahakara vaha mara gayA aura mahAzukra svarga meM indratulya deva ho gayA aura vahI punaH mahAzukra se cyuta hokara paramarUpavAn vasudeva ke rUpa meM utpanna huA, jinake rUpa se striyA~ vimohita ho jAtI thIM (zyAmA-vijayAlambha : pR. 118) / isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' 'maraNAntika samudghAta' kI kriyA dvArA punarjanma yA AtmA ke nUtana zarIra dhAraNa karane kI prakriyA se sambaddha kathAoM se parivyApta hai| ____ punarjanmavAdI, kathAkAra ne pUrvajanmArjita saMskAra, paraloka ke astitva kI siddhi aura dharma ke phala kI prApti ke prati vizvAsa utpanna karanevAlI sumitrA kI kathA ko vizeSa rUpa se zIrSIkRta kiyA hai| isa kathA kA saMkSepa yaha hai ki vArANasI ke rAjA hatazatru kI putrI sumitrA bacapana meM eka dina soI huI thI ki sahasA 'Namo arihaMtANaM' kahatI huI jAga utthii| sevA meM niyukta dAsiyoM ne usase pUchA : 'arihanta kauna haiM, jinheM Apane namaskAra kiyA?' sumitrA ne apanI anabhijJatA prakaTa kii| taba; bhikSuNiyoM se pUchane para unhoMne batAyA ki isa bAlikA ne pUrvabhAvanA ke saMskAravaza arihanta ko namaskAra kiyA hai / isake bAda sumitrA jina-mArga kI anuyAyinI aura pravacana meM kuzala ho gii| use paraloka ke astitva aura dharmaphala kI prApti ke prati jijJAsA huI, jisakI pUrti suprabha nAmaka paNDita puruSa ne eka kathA ke mAdhyama se kii| kathA hai ki do ibhyaputroM meM paraspara bAjI lagI ki jo akelA bAhara jAkara, bahuta dhana arjita karake bAraha varSa ke pUrva hI lauTa AyagA, dUsare ko apane mitroM ke sAtha usakA dAsa honA pdd'egaa| zarta ke anusAra, eka ibhyaputra to bAhara nikalakara jahAja ke dvArA samudrayAtrA karake apanA vyApAra bar3hAne lagA, kintu dUsarA mitroM se prerita hone para bhI bAhara nahIM niklaa| bArahaveM varSa meM, pahale vaNikputra ke pracura dhana kamAkara videza se vApasa lauTane kA samAcAra sunakara dUsarA vaNikputra bar3A cintita huA aura vaha ghara se niklaa| eka varSa kI zeSa avadhi meM kitanA kamAyA jA sakatA hai, yaha socakara vaha dhana kamAne kI apekSA sAdhu ke samIpa dIkSita ho gayA aura atizaya vilaSTa tapa:karma dvArA nau mahIne ke bAda maraNa ko prApta kara saudharma svarga meM devatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gyaa| 1. tulanIya : yaM yaM vApi smaran bhAvaM tyajatyante kalevaram / taM tamevaiti kaunteya sadA tadbhAvabhAvitaH // (gItA : 8.6)

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490 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA devatA ke bhava meM avadhi-jJAnI hone ke kAraNa vaha apane deza kI sImA para apanI divya zakti se eka sArtha ke pratirUpa meM avatIrNa hokara vyApAra karane lagA aura tIna hI mahIne meM usa deva-sArthavAha ne pahale mitra se kaI gunA adhika devadravya arjita kiyaa| bAraha varSoM taka lagAtAra kleza uThAkara dhana kamAnevAlA vaNikputra bAjI hAra gyaa| deva-sArthavAha ne mitroM se kahA : 'Apa Azcaryita na hoM, maiMne tapasyA ke bala se yaha dhana arjita kiyA hai|' kathA sunAkara suprabha ne kahA : isI kAraNa se tapasviyoM ko atizaya lAbha denevAlI tapasyA priya hai| zarIra naSTa hone para bhI devaloka meM tapasyA kA phala prApta hotA hai / dUsare tapohIna vyakti kA karma alpa lAbha denevAlA hai tathA vaha zarIra ke sAtha hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| saprabha se yaha kathA sanakara samitrA ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki paraloka hai aura dharma kA phala bhI hai (puNDrAlambha : pR. 215-217) / ___isa kathA se spaSTa hai ki devaloka yA paramAtmA kA loka hI paraloka hai aura sAmAnya "bhautika zrama se dharma yA tapasyA kA zrama alpakAla meM hI adhika phaladAyaka hai| 'jainendrasiddhAntakoza' meM paraloka kI paribhASA upasthApita karate hue kahA gayA hai, jisake paramAtmasvarUpa meM jIvAdi padArtha dekhe jAte haiM, yA kevalajJAna dvArA, jisakI anubhUti hotI hai, usakA nAma paraloka hai|' athavA para, arthAt utkRSTa vItarAga cidAnanda zuddhasvabhAva AtmA kA loka hI paraloka hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne Agamokta paddhati se pramANita paraloka ke astitva aura dharmaphala kI prApti kI gUDha bhAvanA ko kathA ke mAdhyama se sahajagrAhya banA diyA hai| kathAkAra ne yogamArga meM pracalita parakAya-praveza se sambaddha kathA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| candanatilaka aura viditatilaka nAmaka do vidyAdhara rAjaputroM ne do kukkuToM meM apanI-apanI AtmA ko saMkrAnta kara diyA thA (ketumatIlambha : pR. 335) / isI prakAra, surUpa yakSa ne megharatha ko dharma se vicalita karane ke lie kabUtara aura bAja pakSiyoM kI AtmAoM meM, manuSyabhASI ke rUpa meM apane ko saMkrAnta kiyA thA (tatraiva : pR. 338) / isa prakAra ke kArya prAyaH pUrvajanma ke vaira yA sneha ke anubandhavaza hI kiye jAte the| aura phira, isa prakAra ke pAtra, kisI sAdhu yA cAraNazramaNa dvArA pUrvabhava kA smaraNa karAne para vaira yA sneha se mukta hokara devatva yA mokSa ke lie prayala karate the| mokSa, nirvANa yA siddhi ke kathA-prasaMgoM se 'vasudevahiNDI' ApAtataH paripUrNa hai| digambarasampradAya meM striyoM ko mokSa kA adhikAra prApta nahIM hai| ve puruSa-bhava meM Ane para hI mokSalAbha kI adhikAriNI hotI haiN| kintu, zvetAmbara-sampradAyAnuyAyI kathAkAra ne striyoM kI siddhi kI bhI aneka kathAe~ parinibaddha kI haiN| spaSTa hai ki digambaroM ke kaTTarapana kI tulanA meM zvetAmbara bahuta adhika udAra haiN| mokSa ke sandarbha meM jainadRSTi yaha hai ki AtmA pariNAmI hone ke kAraNa, pratisamaya, apanI mAnasika, vAcika aura zArIrika kriyAoM se tattat prakAra ke zubhAzubha saMskAroM meM svayaM pariNata hotA jAtA hai aura vAtAvaraNa ko bhI usI prakAra se prabhAvita karatA hai| ye AtmasaMskAra apane pUrvabaddha karmazarIra meM kucha naye karma-paramANuoM kA sambandha karAte haiM, jinake paripAka se ve saMskAra, AtmA meM acche yA bure bhAva utpanna kara dete hai| AtmA svayaM una saMskAroM kA kartA hai aura svayaM hI unake phaloM kA bhokA bhI hai| jaba yaha apane mUla svarUpa kI ora darzanonmukha 1.(ka) lokyante dRzyante jIvAdipadArthA yasmin paramAtmasvarUpe yasya kevalajJAnena vA sa bhavati lokH| (pR. 23) (kha) para utkRSTo vItarAgacidAnandaikasvabhAva AtmA tasya lokaH / (tatraiva)

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vasadevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana hotA hai, taba svarUpa-darzana dvArA dhIre-dhIre purAne kusaMskAroM ko kATakara svarUpa-sthiti-rUpa mukti ko prApta kara letA hai| kabhI-kabhI kisI vizeSa AtmA meM svarUpa-jJAna kI itanI tIvra jyoti jaga jAtI hai, yA brAhmaNa AgamikoM ke zabdoM meM, itanA tIvra zaktipAta hotA hai ki usake mahAprakAza meM kusaMskAroM kA piNDa kSaNa-bhara meM hI vilIna ho jAtA hai aura vaha AtmA vartamAna zarIra meM hI pUrNavItarAga aura pUrNajJAnI bana jAtA hai| yahI jIvanmukta kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM AtmaguNoM ke ghAtaka saMskAroM kA samUla nAza ho jAtA hai| kevala zarIra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNabhUta kucha aghAtiyA (saMsAra kI nimittabhUta sAmagrI se sambaddha) saMskAra zeSa rahate haiM, jo zarIra ke sAtha samApta ho jAte haiM aura taba vaha AtmA pUrNatayA siddha hokara apane svabhAvAnusAra Urdhvagamana karake lokAnta meM jA pahu~catA hai| yahI AtmA kI mukti, mokSa yA nirvANa hai| ___ kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI apanI sahaja jainadRSTi se mokSa kA vipula varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne yathAsandarbha vibhinna kathAprasaMgoM meM mokSa ko paribhASita bhI kiyA hai| jaise : 'nirvANa kSINakarmAMza aura laghu hotA hai' (dhammillacarita : pR. 75) / 'virAga-mArga meM pratipanna, tapaHzoSita kalikaluSavAle tathA saMyama dvArA niruddhAsrava jJAnI kA laghukarmatA ke kAraNa Urdhvagamana hI nirvANa hai' (lalitazrIlambha : pR. 361) / 'nirvANa kI dazA meM AtmA bAhyAbhyantara ghAti-aghAti karmoM se rahita, kevalajJAna se sampanna tathA vidhUtaraja ho jAtA hai' (ketumatIlambha : pR. 342) Adi / jainadarzana kI, mokSagamana kI prakriyA ke aneka prasaMga kathA-vikAsa kI dRSTi se kathAkAra ne upanyasta kiye haiM aura isa krama meM unhoMne jainadarzana kA sAra-saMkSepa hI upasthApita kara diyA hai, jisakA sarvottama udAharaNa zAntisvAmI kA pravacana (ketumatIlambha : pR. 342) hai| isameM saMghadAsagaNI ne jainadarzana ke samasta tattvoM kA ekatra samAhAra kiyA hai, jisase pAThakoM ko jainadarzana kA samagra tattva eka dRSTi meM hI hastAmalaka ho jAtA hai| ___kathAkAra ne vanaspatiyoM meM bhI jIvasiddhi (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 267) kA pradarzana karake prANiyoM ke vanaspati se manuSyayoni meM janmagrahaNa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai aura isa prakAra, AtmA kI vyApakatA ko zAstrIya vicakSaNatA ke sAtha pramANita kiyA hai / hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke vivecana meM to kathAkAra ne zAstrArtha-zailI dvArA apanI talasparzI sUkSmekSikA kA paricaya dete hue, usa viSaya ke viziSTa tArkika vyAlocana ke nimitta use 'mAMsabhakSaNa-viSayaka vAdasthala' ('maMsabhakkhaNavisayaM vAyatthalaM) nAma se zIrSita kiyA hai (bAlacandrAlambha : pR. 259) / kathAkAra ne dArzanika matavAda kI vivecanA ke krama meM sAMkhyadarzana ke prakRti-puruSaviSayaka vicAra kA bhI apanI jaina dRSTi se navyopasthApana kiyA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM do pramukha tattva mAne gaye haiM--prakRti aura puruSa / prakRti saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai, ataH ise mUlaprakRti kahate haiN| 'zvetAzvataropaniSad' (4.5) ke anusAra, prakRti ajA (kisI se na utpanna honevAlI) aura ekA (akelI) hai, sAtha hI lohita (rajas)-zukla (sattva)-kRSNa (tamas)-rUpA triguNAtmikA hai| sattvarajastamorUpa tIna guNoM kI sAmyAvasthA ko prakRti kahate haiN| yaha apane anukUla triguNAtmaka aneka padArthoM kI sRSTi karatI hai| baddha puruSa isI prakRti kI paricaryA meM Asakta rahatA hai aura usake sukha-duHkha-mohAtmaka kArya mahat Adi (vikAroM) ko apanA samajhakara usI ke bIca paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| dUsarA mukta puruSa ise chor3a detA hai / puruSa dvArA bhuktA hone ke kAraNa ise 'bhuktabhogA'

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492 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kahate haiM aura isI ko pradhAna tathA avyakta bhI kahate haiM / yaha vyApaka, acetana aura prasavadharmI hai| puruSa-tattva vyApaka, niSkriya, kUTastha nitya aura jJAnAdi pariNAma se zUnya, kevala cetana hai / puruSa-tattva anantAtmaka tathA svatantra - sattAtmaka hai / prakRti, pariNAmI - nitya hai, isalie usameM eka avasthA tirohita hokara dUsarI avasthA AvirbhUta hotI hai| kAraNa rUpa meM yaha 'avyakta' tathA kAryarUpa meM 'vyakta' kahalAtI hai| puruSa ke saMyoga se hI prakRti meM vyApAra hotA hai, jaise cumbaka ke saMyoga se lohe meM kriyAzakti A jAtI hai / 'sAMkhyakArikA' ke anusAra, prakRti puruSa kA saMyoga, paMgvandhanyAya se, parasparApekSA prayukta hotA hai / arthAt, puruSa kriyAzakti se rahita hone kAraNa paMguvat hai aura prakRti acetana hone ke kAraNa andhavat / ' jisa prakAra andhe ke kandhe para baiThe la~gar3e ke dvArA nirdeza pAkara andhA rAha calane lagatA hai, usI prakAra prakRti-puruSa ke paraspara saMyoga se hI sRSTi zakti kA vistAra hotA hai / prakRti se utpanna yA vipariNata sRSTi pralaya-kAla punaH prakRti meM hI vilIna ho jAtI hai| puruSa jala meM kamalapatra kI bhA~ti nirlipta hai, sAkSI hai, cetana aura nirguNa hai / pro. mahendrakumAra jaina ne apanI pustaka 'jainadarzana' meM, yogasUtra kI 'tattvavaizAradI TIkA' (2.20 ) ke pariprekSya meM, puruSa ke bhogavAda ko vizadatA se upasthita kiyA hai| pro. jaina ne kahA hai ki prakRti-saMsarga ke kAraNa puruSa meM jo bhoga kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, usakA mAdhya buddhi hai| buddhi pAradarzI zIze ke samAna hai| usa madhyasthita buddhirUpa zIze meM eka ora se indriyoM dvArA viSayoM kA pratibimba par3atA hai aura dUsarI ora se puruSa kI chAyA / isa chAyApatti ke kAraNa puruSa meM bhogane kA bhAna hotA hai, yAnI pariNamana buddhi meM hotA hai aura bhoga kA bhAna puruSa hotA hai / vahI buddhi puruSa aura padArtha donoM kI chAyA ko eka sAtha grahaNa karatI hai / isa prakAra, buddhi ke zIze meM aindriyaka viSaya aura puruSa ke samekita rUpa meM pratibimbita hone kA nAma bhoga hai / anyathA, puruSa to nitya kUTastha hai, isalie avikArI aura apariNAmI hai| prakRti hI svayaM puruSa se ba~dhatI hai aura phira svayaM chor3a detI hai / prakRti eka vezyA yA vyAbhicAriNI strI ke samAna hai| jaba vaha jAna letI hai ki isa puruSa ko 'maiM prakRti kA nahIM, prakRti merI nahIM,' isa prakAra kA tattvajJAna ho gayA hai aura yaha mujhase virakta hai, taba vaha svayaM hatAza hokara puruSa kA saMsarga chor3a detI hai| yahI puruSa kA mokSa hai / uparyukta sAMkhyadarzana ke mUla siddhAnta ke pariprekSya meM yahA~ saMghadAsagaNI dvArA kathA-saMlApazailI meM pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa ke sAtha pratipAdita prakRti-puruSa-viSayaka vicAra (lalitazrIlambha : pR. 360) kA avalokana prAsaMgika hogA / kaMcanapura ke eka upavana meM vasudeva ko eka parivrAjaka ke darzana hue| vaha apanI nAsikA ke agrabhAga para dRSTi lagAye hue thaa| sArA zarIra nizcala thA aura mu~ha thor3A khulA huA thA / bahuta dera ke bAta usakI dRSTi vasudeva para pdd'ii| 'dIkSita vRddha' samajhakara vasudeva ne usakI vandanA kI / parivrAjaka ne unheM baiThane ko kahA / vasudeva ke baiThane ke bAda donoM meM bAtacIta prArambha huii| vasudeva ne vRddha parivrAjaka se pUchA : 'bhagavan ! Apa kyA cintana kara rahe haiM ?' parivrAjaka vRddha ne uttara diyA : 'bhadramukha ! maiM prakRti-puruSa kI cintAM kara rahA huuN|' vasudeva ne apanI jijJAsA 1. vizeSa dra. 'sAMkhyakArikA' : 11 aura 32

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 493 duharAI': 'ApakA prakRti-puruSaviSayaka cintana kisa prakAra kA hai ?' parivrAjaka kahane lagA: puruSa cetana hai, nitya, niSkriya, bhoktA aura nirguNa hai| zarIra ke Azraya se vaha bandhana meM par3atA hai aura jJAna se usakA mokSa hotA hai / prakRti acetana, guNavatI (sattva, raja, tama se yukta), sakriya aura puruSa kA upakAra karanevAlI hai|' vasudeva ne apanI jijJAsA Age bar3hAI: 'isa prakAra kA cintana kauna karatA hai ?' vRddha parivrAjaka ne kahA : 'mana, jo prakRti kA vikAra hai|' vasudeva ne apanI jaina dRSTi upasthita karate hue kahA : " agara Apako Apatti na ho, to isa sandarbha meM vicAra kI apekSA hai / suneM : puruSa athavA prakRti ko Azrita karake acetana mana ke dvArA cintana sambhava nahIM hai| puruSa meM rahanevAlI cetanA niSkriya (asambharaNazIla) hone ke kAraNa mana ko prabhAvita karane meM asamartha hai| yadi cetanA mana ko prabhAvita karanevAlI ho jAyegI, taba to mana hI puruSa ho jAyegA / parantu aisA hotA nahIM hai / anAdikAla se vidyamAna apariNAmI (nitya) puruSa ko yadi cintA utpanna hogI, to pUrvabhAva ke parityAga aura uttarabhAva ke grahaNa-rUpa bhAvAntara ko prApta karake vaha anityatva kI sthiti meM pahu~ca jAyagA / yadi aisA (puruSa kA anityatva) siddha ho jAyagA, to Apake siddhAnta (puruSa nitya aura apariNAmI hai) meM virodha pdd'egaa| mana kI cintanadharmitA ko Azrita karake jisa prakAra Apane vicAra kiyA, use Apa prakRti ke sambandha meM bhI jaaneN| (kyoMki, Apane kahA hai ki mana prakRti kA vikAra hai / ) yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki acetana ghaTa Adi padArthoM meM puruSa athavA prakRti prati athavA donoM ke prati cintana kI kriyA ghaTita nahIM hotI / " isapara apanA sAMkhyamatokta tarka upasthita karate hue parivrAjaka ne kahA: "prakRti-puruSa ke saMyoga hone para yaha saba sambhava hai| prakRti aura puruSa, donoM ke ekAkI rahane kI sthiti meM, donoM kI, niyatapariNAmitA ke kAraNa, paraspara kriyAkAritva meM asamarthatA rahatI hai| prakRti acetana hai aura puruSa scetn| ina donoM ke saMyukta hone para, sArathI aura azva ke sAmarthya-saMyoga se ratha kI gati kI bhA~ti cetanA utpanna hotI hai / " " vasudeva ne punaH apanA tarka upasthita kiyA : "jo pariNAmI dravya hai, unameM yaha vizeSatA (kriyAdharmitA) sahaja hI sambhava hai / jisa prakAra, AkuMcana ( jAmana) aura dUdha ke saMyoga se dahI kA pariNamana hotA hai| aura phira, Apane jo sArathI tathA ghor3e ke saMyoga se ratha kI gati kI bAta kahI hai, vaha cetanA-prerita prayatna kA pariNAma hai, arthAt AtmA yA puruSa meM bhI cetanA kI preraNA se hI kriyAzakti utpanna hotI hai, ataH puruSa sacetana hone ke sAtha hI sakriya bhI hai| apane sAMkhyamata ko pallavita karate hue vRddha parivrAjaka ne kahA : 'andha aura paMgu (andhe aura la~gar3e) ke saMyoga se icchita sthAna meM gati ke samAna, dhyAna karanevAle puruSa meM (prakRti ke vikAra mana ke saMyoga se) cetanA utpanna hotI hai / ' ukta sAMkhyamata kA upasaMhAra karate hue vasudeva ne jaina dRSTi upasthita kI : " la~gar3e aura andhe donoM sakriya, athavA sacetana haiM (jisakI carcA Apane bhI kI hai) / cetanA parispandalakSaNAtmaka 1. budhasvAmI ne 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' (18.328) meM isI sAMkhyamatokta saiddhAntika tathya ko 'naSTAzvadagdharatha' ke udAharaNa yA dRSTAnta dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| do rathI the, jinameM eka kA ghor3A mara gayA aura dUsare kA ratha jala gyaa| aisI sthiti meM donoM ke sahayoga (eka ke ratha se dUsare ke ghor3e ko jor3ane) se punaH ratha taiyAra ho gayA aura phira donoM kI yAtrA sambhava huI (naSTAzvadagdharathakyogaH zlAghyo'yamAvayo:' ) / .

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494 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kriyA hai / jJAna avabodhalakSaNAtmaka hai / andhA zrotrendriya se sampanna hone ke kAraNa zabda se jAnatA hai ki yaha devadatta hai aura yaha yajJadatta / dRSTAnta dvArA isa viSaya ko maiM vizeSa rUpa se batAnA cAhU~gA ki vizuddhahRdaya jJAnI puruSa meM viparIta jJAna sambhava nahIM hai| prakRti kI nizcetanatA ke kAraNa kevalajJAna bhI kAryasAdhaka nahIM hotaa| jaise, vikAra ko jAna lene se hI roga kA nAza nahIM hotaa| apitu (vaidya ke) upadezAnusAra anuSThAna (auSadhi sevana, pathya Adi upacAra) se hI roga-nivAraNa hotA hai| sacamuca, AtmA jJAnasvabhAvAtmaka hai| vaha jaba svayaMkRta jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke adhIna ho jAtA hai, tabhI use viparItajJAna yA saMzaya hotA hai| jaise, rezama kA kIr3A svayaMkRta tantu se pariveSTita hokara gatiruddha ho jAtA hai| AtmA ke jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama hone para hI usameM dezajJatA (mati, zruta Adi jJAna) aura sarvathA kSaya hone para sarvajJatA AtI hai| vahI (sarvajJa hI) siddha kahalAtA hai| AvaraNa-hIna yA karmarahita hone se AtmA meM viparIta jJAna sambhava nahIM hotaa| ekadezajJa ko hI kramazaH sarvajJatva kI vizeSatA aura pUrvagati kA jJAna upalabdha hotA hai, jaise lAkSAnirmita kapota Adi dravyoM meM lambAI-caur3AI Adi sAmAnya dharma tathA kRSNatva, sthiratva, citralatva (raMga) Adi viziSTa dharma rahate haiN| dhImI rozanI meM yA atyanta parokSa yA pratyakSa na hone kI sthiti meM usa kapota kI vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM saMzaya yA viparIta jJAna sambhava hai| isalie, ApakA mokSopadeza zuddha nahIM hai| vyApAra-mana, vacana aura zarIra kI ceSTA se yukta, rAgadveSa se abhibhUta tathA viSaya-sukha ke abhilASI jIva kA usI prakAra karma-grahaNa hotA hai, jisa prakAra dIpaka taila Adi ko grahaNa karatA hai| yaha saMsAra karma se utpanna hotA hai| lekina, virAga-mArga ko svIkAra karanevAle, saMyama se Asrava ko rokanevAle tathA tapasyA se kalikaluSa (ghAti-aghAti kama) ko vinaSTa karanevAle kSINakarmA jJAnI ko nirvANa prApta hotA hai, yahI mere kahane kA Azaya hai|" vasudeva ke jainamAgoMkta vacanoM se vRddha parivrAjaka santuSTa ho gayA aura unheM apane maTha (Azrama) meM le gyaa| isa prakAra, dArzanika prauDhi se sampanna kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne brAhmaNokta sAMkhyamata kA nirAkaraNa karake jainamata kI sthApanA kI hai| jaina dArzanika sAMkhyamata ko sAmAnyavAda meM isalie sammilita karate haiM ki unheM bhI sAMkhyamata ke anusAra, prakRti kI pariNAmI-nityatA, vyApakatA, akhaNDatattvatA Adi paudgalika guNa svIkArya haiM aura ve bhI prakRti ko hI mUrta, amUrta Adi virodhI pariNamanoM kA sAmAnya AdhAra mAnate haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM ullikhita yathokta sAta dhArmika sampradAyoM meM nAstikavAdI aura sAMkhyavAdI sampradAyoM ke siddhAntoM kA kathAkAra ne jitanA vizada aura zAstrasammata dArzanika vivecana kiyA hai, utanA zeSa pA~coM ke siddhAntoM kA nhiiN| yadyapi bhAgavata-sampradAya samasta dakSiNa aura uttara bhArata meM apanA viziSTa dArzanika mUlya rakhatA AyA hai| bhAgavata-sampradAya ke dArzanika AcAryoM meM tIrthasvarUpa zrIrAmAnujAcArya, zrIvallabhAcArya aura zrInimbArkAcArya kI triveNI avismaraNIya hai| rAmAnujAcArya kA viziSTAdvaitavAda, vallabhAcArya kA dvaitAdvaitavAda, aura nimbArkAcArya kA zuddhAdvaitavAda jainoM ke anekAntavAda ke vivecana meM, tulanAtmaka paurvAparya dArzanika vikAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se sAtizaya mahattva rakhate haiN| kathAkAra dvArA ullikhita brAhmaNoM aura tridaNDiyoM ke sampradAya bhI vaiSNava-sampradAya ke hI dArzanika matavAda ke poSaka haiN| ina sampradAyoM ke atirikta, kathAkAra ne prAcIna dArzanikoM kI

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vasudevahiNDI meM pratibimbita lokajIvana 495 paramparA meM prAyovismRta 'cokSavAdI' aura 'dizaprokSita' sampradAyoM kA nAmollekha-mAtra kiyA hai| pavitrAtmA vaiSNava kahalAnevAle cokSavAdI, apane ko vaiSNava-paramparA ke antargata mAnate the| kathAkAra ne eka cokSavAdinI para vyaMgya karate hue likhA hai ki tAmralipti nagarI ke mahezvaradatta sArthavAha kI cokSavAdinI mAtA bahulA Upara se apane ko pavitrAtmA pradarzita karatI thI, kintu bhItara se vaha mAyA-kapaTa ke prayoga meM kuzala thI (kathotpatti : pR. 14) isI prakAra, 'dizAprokSita' nAmaka dhArmika sampradAya, viziSTa tApasa-jAtiyoM kA sampradAya thA, athavA yaha bhI sambhava hai ki digbali-prathA ke samarthaka hone ke kAraNa tathAkathita tApasoM ko jainAgamoM ne svatantra abhidhA de DAlI ho / 'pAiyasaddamahaNNavo' ke anusAra 'dizAprokSI' zabda kA prayoga eka prakAra ke vAnaprasthI sAdhu ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| vaidika karmakANDa kI zabdAvalI meM 'prokSaNa' zabda kA vyavahAra yajJa meM pazuvadha ke lie bhI hotA hai| puna: yajJa ke avasara para 'bali ke lie samarpita' artha meM 'prokSita' kA prayoga upalabhya hai (dra. ApTe-koza) / isa prakAra, yaha 'dizAprokSita' sampradAya una vAnaprasthI sAdhuoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai, jo yajJa ke avasara para digbali arpita karate the| jJAtavya hai ki kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne yathollikhita jainetara sabhI dhArmika sampradAyoM ko pazuvadha-mUlaka yajJa ke pravartaka-pracAraka ke rUpa meM upasthita kara unheM apane tIkSNa AkSepa kA lakSya banAyA hai| bhUtacaitanyavAdI yA dehAtmavAdI nAstika dArzanikoM ke hiMsAparaka bhogavAda kI to unhoMne sarvAdhika bhartsanA kI hai| isa prakAra, zAstraprajJa kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI dvArA paricarcita dArzanika matavAdoM meM cArvAka yA lokAyata (nAstika), sAMkhya aura jaina darzanoM kI hI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai| zeSa sabhI darzana sunizcita saiddhAntika vicAroM kI apekSA kevala sampradAya-vizeSa se hI adhika anubaddha hone ke kAraNa vizuddha sampradAyavAdI hI haiN| isa prakAra, mahAn mAnavatAvAdI kathAkAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI mahatkathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM lokajIvana kA eka virAT saMsAra hI upanyasta kara diyA hai| unake dvArA prastuta lokajIvana meM jIvana kI samaSTi yA saMskRti se samRddha samAja kI marmodbhAvanA vyApaka rUpa se huI hai, jisameM sAmAjika yathArtha kI bahulatA aura vividhatA kA viniyoga atizaya prabhAvakArI DhaMga se huA hai| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI, lokajIvana ke prastavana kI paddhati kA lakSya karane yogya vaiziSTya yaha hai ki isameM sAmAjika tattva aura kalA-tattva kA saphala aura samAnAntara samanvaya huA hai| kahanA na hogA ki kathAkAra dvArA pratibimbita lokajIvana meM samAja kA sarvAMgapUrNa citraNa sulabha huA hai, jisase unakI yaha mahatkathA sacce artha meM bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA bana gaI hai|

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adhyayana: 5 'vasudevahiNDI' : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhASika tattvoM kI dRSTi se adhyayana ke aneka AyAma surakSita haiM / isalie, isa mahatkathAkRti kA bhASAzAstrIya anuzIlana eka svatantra zodha-prabandha kA viSaya hai| yahA~ kevala-mAtra tadviSayaka digdarzana hI prastuta hai| lagabhaga sAr3he dasa hajAra zlokapramANa prastuta prAkRta-kathAgrantha, gadya meM nibaddha hone ke kAraNa bhASA-viSayaka gaveSaNA kI dRSTi se apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| pravAhamayI bhASA aura mitAkSarA zailI meM likhI gaI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathA kI yojanA aura usake vistAra meM saghana sAhityika zliSTatA ke jisa rUpa ke darzana hote haiM, ve anya prAcIna prAkRta jainakathA-sAhitya meM prAyodurlabha haiM / kahanA na hogA ki isa kathAkRti meM prAkRta-bhASA aura usakI mohaka sAhityika zailI kA maNipravAla-saMyoga huA hai| bhASA kI taruNatA, sarasatA aura lAkSaNika cetanA ke dvArA kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne adbhuta citrasRSTi kI hai| vaha nizcaya hI, sarala rasapezala naisargika bhASA ke saphala prayoktA haiM aura apanI isa bhASA ke mAdhyama se unhoMne tatkAlIna janamAnasa ko hI mukhara kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kathApAtroM kI bAtacIta kI bhASA kahIM bhI kRtrima nahIM mAlUma hotii| prasaMga kI anukUlatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kathAkAra ne apanI bhASA meM yatra-tatra alaMkAra-bhUyiSTha samAsabahulA gauDI racanA-rIti ke prayoga dvArA mAnoM apanI kathA-nAyikA ke laharAte kezapAza ko ramaNIya zabdoM ke puSpaguccha se sajAkara use sAtizaya lalita aura kalAvareNya banA diyA hai| Age yathAprastuta 'sAhityika saundarya ke tattva' zIrSaka prakaraNa meM pratyAsattyA isa kathAkRti ke bhASika saundarya para bhI dRSTi-nikSepa kiyA jaaygaa| - 'vasudevahiNDI' yadyapi gadyagrantha hai, tathApi bIca-bIca meM yathAvasara vividha-vRttaparaka gAthAoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se kula 138 gAthAe~ hai| ina gAthAoM meM kucheka hI subhASita haiM, zeSa sabhI gAthAe~ kathA-prasaMga ke nairantarya se anubaddha haiN| gadya meM prayukta bahuta sAre vAkya padyagandhI haiM, jo vividha vArNika evaM mAtrika chandoM ke caraNa ke samAna pratIta hote haiN| aura ve par3hane ke krama meM aisA bhAna karAte haiM, jaise mUlata: yaha grantha padyabaddha rahA ho, aura kAlAntara meM gadyAntarita ho gayA ho| jo bhI ho, kintu samprati, isa grantha kI yathAprApta prati meM gadya kA jo prAMjala rUpa dRSTigata hotA hai, usase kathAkAra ke prAkRta-gadya ke atizaya samartha lekhaka hone kA saMketa milatA hai| pro. bhogIlAla jayacandabhAI sANDesarA ne likhA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI kI racanA ke pUrva loka meM yA anuyogadhara AcAryoM kI maukhika kathA-paramparA meM koI padyAtmaka vasudevacarita' yA usakA koI aMza pracalita rahA hogaa| 'isalie', yaha anumAna asahaja nahIM ki bAda meM saMghadAsagaNI ne usI pUrvaprathita padyamaya 'vasudevacarita' kA gadyAntaraNa kiyA ho| prastuta kathAgrantha kI prAsAdika bhASA meM parinibaddha gadya-yojanA meM padyagandhI (chandobaddha) vAkyAMzoM ke katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiM: mUlapRSTha paMkti vAkyAMza 6 : 17 : evaM bhaNaMtA kaluNaM prunnnnaa| (upajAti, prathama caraNa) 8 : 10 : hatthI hatyeNa kesagge praamusti| tammiya. . . (anuSTup ke do caraNa)

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva / 9: 7 : manne devI passamANI cittakamma (ju) vaI viv| (anuSTup ke do caraNa) 19 : 16 : gayA ya AsamapayaM risiNo ca niveiyaM (mUla: niveiyaM ca risinno)| (anuSTup ke do caraNa) 28 : 13 : ujjANa-kANaNa-sabhA (sa) vnnNtresu| (vasantatilakA kA eka caraNa) . 31 : 21 : piumAuvipattikAraNaM / (viyoginI kA eka caraNa) 36 : 13 : paccakkhakaDuyaM TuM piu uvaramaM ca te| (anuSTap ke do caraNa) 48 : 17 : tassa majjA (ya) sappeNa khaiyA, uvarayA ya saa| (anuSTup ke do caraNa). 57 : 27 : pANehi vi piyayarI svvaalNkaarbhuusiyaa| (anuSTup ke do caraNa) 75 : 19 : mhllduggkNdraa| (paMcacAmara kA caraNAMza) 77 : 9 : suvesabhUta-sIlasAlisajjaNa (NA) smaaulaa| (paMcacAmara kA eka caraNa) 88 : 23 : pamANaM kuNaMtA nisIhe gayA taM.... / (bhujaMgaprayAta kA eka caraNa) 106 : 29 : vacchatthalo sobhio : vijjullyaalNkio| (zArdUlavikrIDita ke caraNAMza) 113 : 14 : aparivaDiyaveraggassa cattAri laddhI / (mAlinI kA eka caraNa) 123 : 8 : daahinnaaktnaahii| (mandAkrAntA yA mAlinI kA caraNAMza) 128 : 23 : saTuiM vaasshssaaiN| paramaM duccaraM tavaM / (anuSTap ke do caraNa) 136 : 14 : avagAse (ya) cattAri padANi daMsiyANi se| (anuSTup ke do caraNa) 150 : 24 : vijjAhararAyasuyA kaNNA nAma mnnormaa| (anuSTup ke do caraNa) 154 : 4 : ciMtio ya mayA devo (sa) NiyameNaM uvaagto| (anuSTap ke do caraNa) 161 : 5 : sIhAsaNasuhAsINo sahassaNayaNo tthito| (anuSTup ke do caraNa) 167 : 15 : tahA rUve ratto... rakkhaNaparo... / (zikhariNI kA caraNAMza) 234 : 24 : kAse sAse jare dAhe kucchisUle bhagaMdare / (anuSTap ke do caraNa) 239 : 5 : sahassaparivesaNaM... / (pRthvI kA caraNAMza) 252 : 23 : uppaNNaM kevalaM nANaM... mohaNIe khyNge| (anuSTup ke do caraNa) 269 : 21 : jA vallahassa Asassa vittI taM. bhaddagassa vi| (anuSTup ke do caraNa) 300 : 14 : tesiM doNhaM pi duve bhajjAo vijayA vejayaMtI y| (gAthA kI arddhAlI) 306 : 16 : jiyAe me parAyANo putaM juddhe uvtttthiyaa| (anuSTup ke do caraNa) 334 : 18 : jaMbuddIve bharahe veyaDramuttarillaseDhIe / nayaraM suvaNNaNAbhaM rAyA tatya grulvego|| (gAthA) 338 : 3 : eyammi desa-yAle devo divvarUvadhArI drisei| lAbhA hu te suladdhA jaM si evaM dayAvaMto // (gAthA)

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA meM isa prakAra, sthAlI - pulAkanyAya se 'vasudevahiNDI' ke gadya-sarovara se saMkalita chandobaddha vAkyAMzoM ke katipaya uddharaNoM se yaha sutarAM spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra ne pUrva pracalita padyabaddha 'vasudevacarita' kA hI gadyAntaraNa kiyA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki gadyAntaraNa karane ke krama kathAkAra ne aneka vibhinna srotoM se prApta tatkAlIna aitihyamUlaka kathopakathAoM ko bhI svanirmita prAMjala gadya meM suvinyasta kiyA hai| isalie, isa mahatkathAkRti meM jahA~ padyagandhI gadya kA gumphana huA hai, vahIM vizuddha pariSkRta gadya kA AsvAda bhI sulabha huA hai| 498 1 'vasudevahiNDI' kA yathAprApta bhAvanagara - saMskaraNa, isa luptaprAya grantha ke uddhAra ke bAda nirmita rUpa hai / isalie, isake katipaya lambha aprApya haiM aura katipaya pATha bhI khaNDita haiM / aura, yahI kAraNa hai ki, aTThArahaveM priyaMgusundarIlambha aura ikkIsaveM ketumatIlambha ke bIca ke unnIsaveM aura bIsaveM lambhoM ke lupta ho jAne se artha kI sandarbhagata AnukramikatA ko kramabaddha karane meM bhI kaThinAI upasthita ho gaI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prayukta aneka aise zabda haiM, jo kozalabhya nahIM haiM athavA kAlAntara meM apabhraSTa ho jAne se unake mUlasvarUpa kI kalpanA bhI sambhava nahIM raha gaI hai| isase vaise zabdoM ke artha anumAna ke AdhAra para hI kiye jA sakate haiM aura aisI sthiti yaha grantha, bhASA kI dRSTi se, sahaja hI durgama ho gayA hai / phalataH isa prAgaitihAsika grantha kA vartamAna kAla meM adhyayana bahuta hI zramasAdhya hai| bhASA kI saMracanA - zailI aura sAhityika saundarya kI dRSTi se atizaya samRddha isa kathAgrantha ke bhASAzAstrIya parIkSaNa kA kArya apanA tato'dhika viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai| kahanA na hogA ki jisa grantha kA bhASika tattva jitanI hI adhika prANatA saMvalita hotA hai, usameM utanI hI adhika amaratA yA zAzvatI pratiSThA ke bIja nihita rahate haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI amaratA kA mUla kAraNa isakA bhASAtattva hI hai| isalie, yahA~ isa grantha kI bhASA para eka vihaMgama dRSTi DAlanA apekSita hogA / (ka) bhASika tattva 'vasudevahiNDI' prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha mahAn kathAgrantha hai| pro. bhogIlAla jayacandabhAI sANDesarA ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ke, apane gujarAtI bhASA meM antarita saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA (pR.16) meM, prasiddha jarmana-paNDita DaoN. oNlsaDorpha ke mata ke pariprekSya meM, isa kathAkRti kI bhASA ko, cUrNigrantha Adi kI bhASA ke sAmya ke AdhAra para, ArSa jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta kahA hai| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne 'prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' nAmaka kRti (pR. 462) meM pro. sANDesarA ke hI mata kI AvRtti karate hue, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA ko cUrNigranthoM kI prAkRta bhASA ke samAna mahArASTrI prAkRta batAyA hai| DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna' nAmaka apanI kRti (pR. 143) meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kA paricaya prastuta karate samaya isa kathAkRti kI prAkRta bhASA ko koI viziSTa AkhyA to nahIM dI hai, kintu apane ukta grantha (pR. 130) maiM hI unhoMne, lagabhaga I. kI dUsarI zatI ko mahArASTrI kA vikAsa-kAla mAnA hai tathA 'vasudevahiNDI' ko chaThIM zatI se pUrva kI racanA kahA hai| isase unakA yaha dRSTikoNa spaSTa hotA hai ki mahArASTra ke vikAsa-kAla ke AsapAsa likhI gaI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta hai| 'prAkRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa' ke lekhaka DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne bhI vasudevahiNDI kI bhASA meM jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prAcInatama svarUpa parilakSita kiyA hai| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI'

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 499 ke mahArASTrI prAkRta-bhASA meM nibaddha hone kI mAnyatA kA bahumata hai| phira bhI, yaha mAnyatA punarvicAra kI apekSA rakhatI hai| __ jaina vAGmaya ke itivRtta-lekhakoM ke matAnusAra, kathA, kAvya, carita, arthAt sampUrNa kathAvAGmaya, cAhe vaha gadya meM nibaddha ho yA padya meM, prathamAnuyoga meM paragaNita hai aura prathamAnuyoga meM nibaddha samagra sAhitya kI bhASA sAmAnyatayA mahArASTrI prAkRta mAnI gaI hai| isa sAmAnya niyama ke anusAra hI prathamAnuyoga meM parigaNita 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta svIkRta huI hai| kintu, sUkSma adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA bahulAMzataH Agamika bhASA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai, isalie yaha ApAtataH 'ArSa prAkRta' jaisI pratIta hotI hai| aura phira, bhASAgata prayoga-vikalpatA ke bAhulya kI dRSTi se yaha pratIti asaMgata nahIM hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki isa kathAgrantha ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNI vaidika bhASA, saMskRta, pAli tathA prAkRta-bhASAoM kI zAstrIya aura laukika paramparA ke gahana adhyetA the| vizeSakara prAkRta-bhASA ko to unhoMne usake samasta bhedopabhedoM kI sUkSmatA ke sAtha svAyatta kiyA thaa| isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM vibhinna prAkRtoM kI saghana bahuraMgI bunAvaTa dRSTigata hotI hai| bhASika bunAvaTa kI yaha vicitratA kahIM-kahIM hI nahIM, prAyaH sarvatra upalabdha hotI hai aura isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki granthakAra ke mastiSka meM, racanA-prakriyA ke samaya prAcya bhASAoM kI bhArI bhIr3a kI TakarAhaTa jaisI sthiti rahatI hogI aura aise kSaNoM meM kathAkAra ko kathA-pravAha kI surakSA kI cintA svabhAvataH adhika hotI hogii| yahI kAraNa hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathA ke pravAha kI samarUpatA jitanI adhika milatI hai, bhASA kI ekarUpatA utanI hI km| aura isIlie, eka hI vAkya meM prayoga kI anekatA kA samAveza ho gayA hai aura zabdoM ke prayoga kI anekarUpatA to pade-pade dRSTigata hotI hai| udAharaNa ke lie, kucha vAkya draSTavya haiM : 1. mittabaleNa ya kayAiM ca amhehiM pucchio nemittI / (puNDrAlambha : pR. 211) 2. taM ca chuhAvaseNa paricayavaseNa ya tabbhAvio ahilasati / (kathotpatti : pR. 10) 3. tao a NAe duve muddAo kAriyAo naamNkiyaao| (tatraiva : pR. 11) 4. varassa hatthe do vi muddAu tthaaviyaao| (tatraiva : pR. 11) 5. rAyA puNo vi pucchai-kahaM devo kevalI hohiti / (tatraiva : pR. 20) 6. taM ca dhammilleNa suNaMteNaM tuhikkeNa joiyA turyaa| (dhammillacariya : pR. 53) 7. tehiM vi baMdhuvavahAreNa pUio gato sapuraM / (pIThikA : pR. 80) 8. gabbhatthassa ya piyA mto| (pratimukha : pR.113) 9. tato ciMtAparAyaNAe me sumariyA devjaatii| (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 171) 10. tato ThAuM icchati, taM vahiumAraddho / (kapilAlambha : pR. 200) 11. saMjayaMto tti putto jAo tasseva kaNIyaso jayaMto nAma jaato| (bAlacandrAlambha : pR.2 62) / 12. tao puNo ei sattAhe / tato NaM puNo komuiyA lavai / (priyaMgusundarIlambha : pR. 307)

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500 __ vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA uparyuddhata vAkyoM aura vAkyAMzoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra ne 'ArSe hi sarve vidhayo vikalpyante' isI siddhAnta ko AdhAra mAnakara apane prAkRta-prayogoM meM paryApta svatantratA se kAma liyA hai| isIlie, unhoMne 'aura' ke artha meM prayukta 'ca' kA eka hI vAkya meM mala rUpa 'ca' aura vikRta rUpa 'ya' donoM kA prayoga kiyA hai (dra. uddharaNa-vAkya-saM.1aura2) / punaH 'ca' ke lie 'a' kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai (dra. uddharaNa-vAkya-saM. 3) / AcArya hemacandra ne eka sUtra kA vidhAna kiyA hai : 'ka-ga-ca-ja-ta-da-pa-ya-bAM prAyo luk' (8.1.117) / isake anusAra prAkRta meM ka, ga, ca, ja, ta, da, pa, ya aura ba kA prAyaH lopa rahatA hai| ataeva, 'ca' kA lopa hokara udvRtta rUpa 'a' raha jAtA hai aura 'ya' zruti ke kAraNa 'a' ko 'ya' bhI likhA jAtA hai| kathAkAra ne tInoM prakAra se 'ca' kA prayoga kiyA hai| isI prakAra malarUpa 'ta' aura udatta rUpa 'a' yA phira 'ti' aura 'i' donoM kA prayoga eka hI vAkya meM upalabdha hotA hai (dra. uddharaNa-vAkya-saM. 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, aura 12) / jJAtavya hai ki prAkRta meM vyaMjana ke lupta hone para jo svara zeSa rahatA hai, use udvRtta svara kahate haiN| isI prakAra, kathAkAra ne sandhi ke prayoga meM bhI svatantratA se kAma liyA hai| (dra. uddharaNa-vAkya-saM. 10) / punaH bahuvacanAntasUcaka zabdoM ke anta meM eka hI vAkya meM 'u' aura 'o' donoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jaise 'muddAo ThAviyAo' kI jagaha 'muddAu ThAviyAo' (dr.uddhrnn-vaaky-sN.4)| niSkarSa yaha ki kathAkAra ne prAyogika ekarUpatA ko koI bhI mUlya nahIM diyA hai| kahanA na hogA ki kathAkAra ne apane prAkRta-prayogoM dvArA prAyaH sarvatra apanI isa paramparAgata mAnyatA ko hI udbhAvita kiyA hai ki prAkRta saMskRta-yoni hai| 'karpUramaMjarI' ke bambaI-saMskaraNa meM vAsudeva kI saMjIvanI TIkA meM yaha ullekha bhI milatA hai ki 'prAkRtasya tu sarvam eva saMskRtaM yoniH / 9.12) bhAratIya vaiyAkaraNoM tathA sAhityazAstriyoM ke matAnusAra, 'prAkRta' kaI sAhityika bhASAoM ke samUha se nirmita hai aura isakI prakRti athavA mUlAdhAra saMskRta hai| AcArya bharata ne saMskRta ke hI viparyasta, saMskAra-guNavarjita tathA nAnAvasthAntarAtmaka rUpa ko prAkRta kahA hai| isakI sampuSTi AcArya hemacanda 'dazarUpaka' ke TIkAkAra dhanika, 'vAgbhaTAlaMkAra' ke TIkAkAra siMhadevagaNI, 'prAkRtazabdapradIpikA' ke kartA narasiMha Adi ke AptavacanoM se spaSTatayA hotI hai| ukta bhAratIya manISiyoM kI, prAkRta ke saMskRta-mUlaka hone kI avadhAraNA, avazya hI, jainAgamoM, cUrNigranthoM tathA 'vasudevahiNDI' jaise kathAgrantha meM prApya prAkRta-bhASA ke svarUpa ko dekhakara hI banI hogii| kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prAkRta, bhASA-samUha kA yugapat pratinidhitva karanevAlI tathA Agamika jainasUtroM kI atyadhika nikaTavartinI bhASA hai| isIlie, yAnI prAcIna jainasUtroM ke sAmIpya ke kAraNa hI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA ko bhASika tattvAnveSakoM ne 'ArSa prAkRta' kI saMjJA dI hai| ArSa kA tAtparya hai-RSiprokta bhASA / mUla Agama meM ise hI 'RSibhASita' kahA gayA hai| hemacandra dvArA nirdiSTa ArSabhASA kI samasta vizeSatAe~ 'vasudevahiNDI' kI, vikalpoM kI pracuratA se paripUrNa bhASA meM vidyamAna hai| hemacandra (1.3) ne likhA hai ki prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke sabhI niyama ArSa 1. etadeva viparyastaM saMskAraguNavarjitam / vijJeyaM prAkRtaM pAThyaM nAnAvasthAntarAtmakam // (nATyazAstra : 18.2) 2.vizeSaNa vivaraNoM ke lie draSTavya : 'prAkRta-bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa':DaoN.ricarDa pizala; anuvAdaka : DaoN. hemacandra jozI : pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, pra. saM. san 1958 I, pR. 1 (viSaya-praveza) /

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501 vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 501 bhASA meM lAgU nahIM hote, isalie isameM bahuta sAre vikalpa yA apavAda athavA prayoga-svAtantrya dRSTigata hote haiN| DaoN. pizala-kRta vivecana ke AdhAra para, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prayukta prAkRta ke 'ArSa prAkRta' siddha hone ke sambandha meM aneka prAmANika pakSa prApta kiye jA sakate haiM; kyoMki unhoMne apane vivecana meM 'ArSa prAkRta' ke svarUpa ko vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se, zlAghya pratipAdana ke sAtha, nirUpita kiyA hai / 'ArSa prAkRta' ke prAyogika svAtantrya ko dekhakara hI trivikrama (13vIM zatI) ne apane prAkRta-vyAkaraNa meM ArSa aura dezya bhASAoM ko vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se mukta ghoSita kiyA hai| " AnuzAsanika unmuktatA ke kAraNa hI 'ArSa prAkRta' meM eka ora jahA~ saMskRtamUlakatA kA svarUpa dRSTigata hotA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora aneka svatantra utpattimUlaka janarUDha zabdoM ke bhI darzana hote haiM / isa prakAra, rUDhatva aura svAtantrya, ye donoM prAyogika vizeSatAe~ 'ArSa prAkRta' yA 'RSibhASita' meM upalabdha hotI haiN| premacandra tarkavAgIza ne daNDI ke 'kAvyAdarza (1.33) kI TIkA karate hue prAkRta ke do prakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai : ArSottha aura ArSatulya / arthAt, eka prakAra kI prAkRta vaha hai, jo ArSabhASA se nikalI hai aura dUsarI prAkRta vaha hai, jo ArSabhASA ke samAna hai : 'ArSotyaM ArSatulyaM ca dvividhaM prAkRtaM viduH|' rudraTa ke 'kAvyAlaMkAra' (2.12) ke TIkAkAra namisAdhu (11vIM zatI) ke matAnusAra, prAkRta-bhASA kI prakRti, arthAt AdhArabhUta bhASA prAkRtika hai, jo saba prANiyoM kI bolacAla kI bhASA hai tathA jise vyAkaraNa Adi ke niyama niyantrita nahIM krte| isakA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki prAkRta-bhASA prAkRta yA prAkkRta zabdoM se banI hai| sAtha hI, yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAkRta, ArSazAstroM meM pAI jAnevAlI arddhamAgadhI bhASA hai, jise devatAoM kI vANI kahA gayA hai : 'ArisavayaNe siddhaM devANaM addhamAgahA vaannii|' ataH namisAdhu ke vicArAnusAra, saMskRta kI AdhArabhUta bhASA prAkRta hai, athavA saMskRta kI vyutpatti prAkRta se huI hai| bauddhoM ne jisa prakAra mAgadhI (pAli) ko saba bhASAoM kA mUlAdhAra mAnA hai ('sA mAgadhI mUlabhASA') usI prakAra jainoM ne arddhamAgadhI (prAkRta) ko, arthAt vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA nirdiSTa ArSabhASA ko anya bhASAoM aura boliyoM kA mUlasthAnIya mAnA hai / yadyapi bhASikI kI dRSTi se pAli mUlataH prAkRta kA hI eka bheda hai| __ arddhamAgadhI kI vizeSatA usakI sarvaprANisambodhyatA hai / namisAdhu ke matAnusAra, prAkRta ko striyA~, bacce Adi bhI anAyAsa samajha lete haiM, isalie yaha saba bhASAoM kA mUla hai| 'samavAyAMgasUtra' (samavAya-saM. 34) meM to yahA~taka likhA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne arddhamAgadhI kI sarvajIva-sambodhyatA-rUpa vaiziSTya ko dekhakara hI isa bhASA meM apane dharma kA pracura pracAra kiyA : 'bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhmmaaikkhi| sAvi ya NaM addhamAgahI bhAsA bhAsijjamANI tesiM savvesiM AriyamaNAriyANaM duSpaya-cauppaya-miya-pasupakkhisirIsivANaM appaNo hiya-siva-suhadAe bhAsattAe prinnmi|' arthAt, bhagavAn yaha dharma (jainadharma) arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM pracArita karate haiM aura yaha arddhamAgadhI bhASA jaba bolI jAtI hai, taba Arya, anArya, dvipada-catuSpada, mRga, pazu Adi jaMgalI aura gharelU jAnavara tathA pakSI, sarIsRpa Adi saba prakAra ke kIr3oM-makor3oM ke lie Atmahita, kalyANa aura sukha denevAlI bhASA ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| yahI bAta aupapAtikasUtra' meM bhI kahI gaI hai|

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. 502 . vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 'vasudevahiNDI' ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI zAntinAtha tIrthaMkara ke pravacana kI bhASA ke bAre meM isI Agamika tathya ko punarudbhAvita kiyA hai ki zAntisvAmI ne, dharma-pariSad meM zravaNAmRta-pipAsitoM ke lie jisa dharma kA pravacana kiyA, usakI bhASA kA svara parama madhura thA aura vaha eka yojana (12. 8 ki. mI.) kI dUrI taka gUMjatA thaa| punaH jitane kAnavAle jIva the, unake lie pravacana meM prayukta bhASA una (jIvoM) kI apanI-apanI bhASA meM pariNata ho jAtI thI : tato saMtisAmI titthayaranAmavedasamae tIse parisAe dhammaM savaNAmayapivAsiyAya paramamahureNa joyaNanIhAriNA kaNNavatANaM sattANaM sabhAsApariNAmiNA sareNa pakahio (ketamatIlambha : pR. 342) / 1 __yathokta tathyoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki sarvaprANigamya ArSa prAkRta aura arddhamAgadhI donoM bhASAe~ eka hI haiM aura Agamika bhASAoM ke sAmIpya, saralatA, prAyogika svatantratA tathA dezya bhASAoM ke mizraNa ke AdhAra para 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM ArSa prAkRta ke antargata arddhamAgadhI ke svarUpa kI upalabdhi sahaja hI sambhAvita hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA kI utpatti-bhUmi magadha hai aura magadha deza ke arddha pradeza kI bhASA meM hI nibaddha hone ke kAraNa prAcIna sUtragrantha 'ardhamAgadha' kahalAte haiM : 'magahaddhavisayabhAsAnibaddhaM addhamAgahaM / ' sAtha hI, arddhamAgadhI meM aTThAraha dezI bhASAoM kA mizraNa mAnA gayA hai : aTThArasadesIbhAsAniyayaM vA addhamAgahaM / ' to, ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke deza meM AvirbhUta 'vasudevahiNDI' kI Agama-zailI, yAnI mahAvIra-zreNika, sudharmA-jambU yA phira prasannacandra-kUNika kI saMvAda-zailI para AdhRta kathA kI bhASA kA arddhamAgadhI se prabhAvita honA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| isa sandarbha meM eka mahattvapUrNa dhyAtavya tathya yaha bhI hai ki Agama-granthoM kA saMkalana-kAla tathA 'vasudevahiNDI' kA racanAkAla prAya: eka hai, isalie bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASika vacobhaMgI yA zabda-vinyAsa yA padaracanA-zailI ardhamAgadhI ke hI samIpa par3atI hai| ataeva, magadhabhUmi kI dezyabhASAbahula ardhamAgadhI ke pariveza se anubaddha 'vasudevahiNDI' kI 'ArSa prAkRta' bhASA ko mizrita prAkRta-bhASA kA kathAgrantha kahanA atyukti nhiiN| vastutaH 'vasudevahiNDI' sarvabhASAmayI kathAkRti hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM saMskRtamUlaka zabdoM kA bAhulya hai aura kahIM-kahIM to vizeSatayA sArvanAmika prayogoM meM, prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM kI upekSA karake saMskRta-vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM kA anusaraNa bhI kathAkAra ne kiyA hai / vyAkaraNa ke vidvAnoM kA eka mata yaha bhI hai ki mahArASTrI saMskRta ke nikaTa hai, isI AdhAra para vasudevahiNDI kI bhASA ko mahArASTrI prAkRta kahA jAtA hai aura isIlie katipaya manISI isa kathAgrantha kI bhASA ko ArSa jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta kahate haiM, to katipaya vidvAn mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prAcInatama ruup| kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki mahArASTrI, zaurasenI kA eka zailIgata bheda hai| yaha koI svatantra prAkRta nahIM hai| bheda kI dRSTi se zaurasenI ko hI svatantra bhASA mAnanA cAhie, jo eka prakAra se digambara jainAgamoM kI mUlabhASA bana gaI aura digambaroM ke mata se yaha zaurasenI ardhamAgadhI se bhI tIna sau varSa prAcIna hai| jJAtavya hai ki saMghadAsagaNI, cU~ki zvetAmbara jaina the, isalie bhI unhoMne zaurasenI-mahArASTrI kI apekSA arddhamAgadhI-ArSa prAkRta meM apanI kathA kA gumphana apane sampradAya ke anukUla mAnA hogaa| 1. tulanIya : adamAgahA bhAsA tesi savvesiM AriyamaNAriyANaM appaNo sabhAsAe pariNAmeNaM pariNamai / _ (aupapAtikasUtra : anuccheda 56)

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503 vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva isIlie, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA mahArASTrI kI apekSA ardhamAgadhI ke adhika nikaTa hai| isake prAyogika pramANa Age upanyasta hoNge| DaoN.pizala' ne kolabuka ke mata ke pariprekSya meM apanI bhASika vivecanA ko vistAra dete hue yaha likhA hai ki mAgadhI-prAkRta saMskRta se nikalI hai aura yaha vaisI hI bhASA hai, jaisI siMhaladeza kI paali-bhaassaa| mAgadhI aura arddhamAgadhI ye do nAma sthAna-bheda se par3e haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI kA mUlasthAna pazcima magadha aura zUrasena (mathurA) kA madhyavartI kSetra ayodhyA mAnI gaI hai; kyoMki Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ayodhyA ke nivAsI the| pradeza kI dRSTi se adhikAMza vicAraka ise kAzI-kozala-pradeza kI bhASA svIkAra karate haiN| mAgadhI vizuddha magadha-pradeza yA pUrvamagadha kI bhASA thii| siMhala meM pAli ko hI mAgadhI mAnA gayA hai| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ke anusAra, arddhamAgadhI kI bhA~ti, pAli kA rUpa-gaThana aneka boliyoM ke mizraNa se huA hai aura isapara chAndasa prabhAva bhI pUrNatayA surakSita hai| jaisA pahale kahA gayA, pAli mUlataH prAkRta kA hI / eka prakAra hai| mAgadhI-prAkRta yA arddhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI kI bhinnatA aura abhinnatA ke sambandha meM virodhI aura samarthaka matoM kA bAhulya hai| lAssana kA mata hai ki mAgadhI-prAkRta aura mahArASTrI eka hI bhASAe~ haiN| yAkobI kA siddhAnta hai ki jainazAstroM kI bhASA bahuta prAcIna mahArASTrI hai| vebara kA kahanA hai ki arddhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ke bIca koI nikaTatara sambandha nahIM hai| I. myUlara arddhamAgadhI ko prastara-lekhoM kI mAgadhI se sambaddha mAnatA hai| DaoN. pizala ne arddhamAgadhI para mahArASTI kA prabhAva par3ane kI carcA karate hue likhA hai ki sambhava hai. devarddhigaNI kI adhyakSatA meM valabhI meM jo sabhA jainazAstroM ko ekatra karane ke lie baiThI thI yA skandilAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM mathurA meM jo sabhA huI thI, usane mUla arddhamAgadhI bhASA para pazcimI prAkRta-bhASA mahArASTrI kA raMga car3hA diyA ho| yaha bahuta sambhava hai ki arddhamAgadhI para mahArASTrI kA raMga valabhI meM gaharA jama gayA ho| phira bhI, aisA nahIM mAlUma hotA ki mahArASTrI kA prabhAva vizeSa mahattvapUrNa rahA hogA; kyoMki arddhamAgadhI kA jo mUla rUpa hai, mahArASTrI se aspRSTa hai| isake atirikta, DaoN. pizala ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki jaina mahArASTrI para arddhamAgadhI ne apanA pUrA prabhAva DAlA hai; kyoMki arddhamAgadhI kI adhikAMza bhASika vizeSatAe~ jaina mahArASTrI meM milatI haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki DaoN. pizala arddhamAgadhI ko jaina mahArASTrI kA upajIvya mAnate haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki bhASAzAstriyoM ne 'vasudevahiNDI' kI arddhamAgadhI meM jaina mahArASTrI kI bhASika vizeSatAoM ko dekhakara usakI bhASA ko prAcIna jaina mahArASTrI kahA hai| DaoN. haoNrnale ke anusAra, ardhamAgadhI hI prAcIna ArSa prAkRta hai, jisakA arvAcIna rUpa mahArASTrI hai| isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM prApta bhASika prakRti ke AdhAra para ise 'ArSa prAkRta, kA prAcIna rUpa kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| hA~, yaha aura bAta hai ki isameM arvAcIna mahArASTI kI bhI prakati upalabdha hotI hai| ___DaoN. pizala ke hI anusAra, yaha mahattvapUrNa tathya bhI ubharakara sAmane AtA hai ki zvetAmbaroM ke Agametara granthoM kI bhASA arddhamAgadhI se bahuta bhinnatA rakhatI hai| isIlie, yAkobI ne isa 1. prAkRta-bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa' (vahI) : pR.31 (viSaya-praveza) 2.'prAkRta-bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' (vahI): pR.28 3. prAkRta-bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa' (vahI) : pR. 32-33 (viSaya-praveza) 4. uparivat : pR.36-37

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504 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA prAkRta ko jaina mahArASTrI nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai| isI AdhAra para bhASA-vicArakoM ne 'vasudevahiNDI' ko Agametara grantha mAnakara usakI bhASA ko prAcIna jaina mahArASTrI kI AkhyA dI hai| isake atirikta, mahAkAvyoM yA mahatkathAkRtiyoM kI bhASA bhI sAmAnyataH mahArASTrI-prAkRta hai| isalie bhI, 'vasudevahiNDI' jaisI kathAkRti kI bhASA ko bhI mahArASTrI mAna liyA gayA hai| 'gauDavaho' (vAkpatirAja), 'gAhAsattasaI' (hAla sAtavAhana) tathA 'rAvaNavaho' ('setubandha': pravarasena) ye tInoM kAvya mahArASTrI prAkRta ke pratinidhi grantha mAne gaye haiN| kintu 'vasudevahiNDI' ko, usakI bhASA aura sAhitya kI dRSTi se, ina tInoM se bhinna Agamika koTi se granthoM meM paMktibaddha karanA yuktiyukta hogaa| aura, isa prakAra kI koTi kA nirdhAraNa hone para 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA ArSatulya hI nahIM, apitu ArSottha prAkRta ke samakakSa pratIta hogii| ___ DaoN. pizala ke hI vicAra ke AdhAra para, vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA ko mahArASTrI-prAkRta mAnane meM eka vicikitsA uTha khar3I hotI hai| vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki mahArASTrI ko kAvyocita yA gItocita karNamadhura bhASA banAne ke lie, isase vyaMjanoM kA tato'dhika bahiSkAra kiyA gyaa| isase zrotAoM ko komalakAnta padAvalI to milI, lekina isakA eka phala yaha huA ki isake zabdoM meM arthagata bhASika anizcitatA A gii| eka zabda kaI saMskRta-zabdoM kA artha denevAlA bana gyaa| jaise : kai = kati, kapi, kavi, kRti ; kAa = kAka, kAca, kAya ; gaA = gatA, gadA, gajAH, maa = mata, mada, maya, mRga, mRta; vaa = vacas, vayas, vrata; sua = zuka, suta, zruta aadi-aadi| isI arthagata anizcayatA ko dekhakara, bImsa mahodaya ne mahArASTrI ko puMstvahIna (imeskyuleTeDa sTapha) bhASA kI saMjJA dI hai| kintu, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA racita 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM vyaMjanoM kA bahiSkAra bahuta hI kama kiyA gayA hai; isalie prasiddha zabdazAstrI kramadIzvara ke lakSaNa meM lakSya kI saMgati karate hue yaha kahA jAya, to atyukti na hogI ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI pauruSottejaka bhASA mahArASTrI-mizrita arddhamAgadhI' hai, jo ArSa prAkRta se sAdRzya rakhatI hai| cU~ki, ArSa prAkRta meM arddhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI donoM kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai, isalie 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM zaurasenI kA bhI kucha prabhAva sahaja hI sammilita hai| niSkarSa yaha ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI ArSa prAkRta meM arddhamAgadhI kI bahulatA ke sAtha hI mahArASTrI, zaurasenI Adi ke atirikti paizAcI, apabhraMza Adi anya prAkRta-bhASAoM kI bhI prakRti parilakSita hotI hai| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' meM upalabdha prAcIna ArSa prAkRta yA arddhamAgadhI kI rUpa-racanA ke udAharaNa sthAlIpulAkanyAya se yahA~ upanyasta haiN| yathoddhRta zabdoM yA vAkyoM meM saMjJA, sarvanAma, vizeSaNa, kriyApada Adi sabhI vyAkaraNa ke aMga yathAyatha draSTavya haiN| - 1. ardhamAgadhI meM, do svaroM ke madhyavartI asaMyukta 'ka' ke sthAna meM prAyaH 'ga' aura aneka sthaloM meM 'ta' aura 'ya' tathA kahIM-kahIM vinA ya-zruti ke 'a' hote haiN| kahIM-kahIM 'ka' kA 'kha' bhI hotA hai| vasudevahiNDI meM bhI isa prakAra ke dhvani-parivartana prApya haiN| jaise : 1. prAkRta-bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa' (vahI) : pR. 36 (viSaya-praveza) 2.uparivat : pR18 3. saMkSiptasAra : pR.38 / 4. pRSTha-saMkhyA sarvatra bhAvanagara-saMskaraNa ke anusAra hai| le.

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505 vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva ego - eka: (pR. 4); logadhammo < lokadharma: (pR. 14), sagaDANi < zakaTAni (pR. 15), kAgiNInimittassa < kAkiNInimittasya (pR. 15) upayAro - upakAraH (pR. 18); paraloyahiaM< paralokahitaM (pR.23); pAraNagakAle< pAraNakakAle (pR. 25), paricatto < parityaktaH (pR. 25); migapoyato < mRgapotakaH (pR.243), vAgarie < vyAkRte (pR. 26), pagAreNaM < prakAreNa (pR. 28), bibboya < bibboka (pR. 28); niyayANaM < nijakAnAM (pR.31); asogavarapAyavassa< asokavarapAdapasya (pR.35); pagayaM < prakRtaM (pR.38); khiMkhiNimuha < kiMkiNImukha (pR.136), khIlehiM < kIlaiH (pR.138); viyaDa < vikaTa (pR.45); vayaNIyayaM < vacanIyakaM (pR. 80), sattAhigA < sattvAdhikA: (pR. 86); paDiyAraM < pratikAraM (pR.87); sAvayA < zrAvakA: (pR.89), kougANi< kautukAni (pR. 95 ); pagAsiyabhAvo< prakAzitabhAva: (pR.115); kaDagamANeUNa< kaTakamAnIya (pR. 127); lokasuI< lokazrutiH (pR.132); AgAsauppayaNeNa < AkAzotpatanena (pR. 137); NAgarayA - nAgarakA: (pR.155), ambaratilao < ambaratilakaH (pR. 174); paccalo < pakvalaH (pR.207); tigicchiyaM cikitsitaM (pR.211), aMgArao< aMgArakaH (pR. 217); titthayaradaMsaNaM tIrthaMkaradarzanaM (pR. 5); vivAha ko - uyaM< vivAhakautukaM (pR.225); egAgI < ekAkI (pR. 238), dhanapuMjato < dhanapuMjaka: (pR.44), nArato nArateNa< nAraka: nArakeNa (pR. 271), mUattaNaM < mUkatvaM (pR. 223); seNiyo< zreNikaH (pR.25); kAmapaDAgA< kAmapatAkA (pR. 293); kAmapaDAyA < kAmapatAkA (pR. 294), neraiyAvAsa < nairayikAvAsa (pR.271), iyarae < itarake (bahuva. pR. 307), suttimatIe < zuktimatyA: (pR. 191) Adi-Adi / isa niyama kA kathAkAra ne bahuza: ullaMghana bhI kiyA hai aura 'ka' ko aparivartita rakhA hai| jaise: ekkaM (pR.34); divAkaradeveNaM (pR.193); jaNakassa (pR. 241 ); gulikAo (pR.218); NIyakaguNo = nijakaguNa: (pR. 202), sAkee nayare (pR. 185), vimalodakaM, varuNodakaM, varuNodikA (pR.250); kAravattikA< kArapatrikA (pR.354), reNukA, reNukAe (pR.238); aMgArako (pR.217), kaI kaikeyyA (pR. 241) aadi-aadi| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne anekAneka zabdoM kA saMskRta mUlavat prayoga kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM mahArASTrI kI bhA~ti vyaMjana- bahiSkAra kI pracuratA nahIM hai, apitu usakI alpatA kI ora hI prAyaH sahaja jhukAva dikhAI par3atA hai| < 2. arddhamAgadhI meM vyAkaraNika anuzAsana ke anusAra, do svaroM ke bIca kA asaMyukta 'ga' yathAvat rahatA hai aura kahIM-kahIM 'ya' aura 'ya' - zrutirahita 'a' bhI hotA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya isake katipaya udAharaNa nimnAMkita haiM : Agao < Agato (pR.60), AgatamaggeNa < AgatamArgeNa (pR. 3); nagaramAgato - nagaramAgataH (pR.3), ' uvagayaM < upagataM (pR. 39), nayarassa< nagarasya (pR.39); AgamaNaM - AgamanaM (pR.36), payAgaM< prayAgaM (pR.43); nayarIe < nagaryAm (pR.79); Agato < Agata: (pR.79), sAgaracaMdo< sAgaracandra: (pR.49); girinayaraM girinagaraM (pR.50); sAyaraseNa< sAgarasena (pR. 176 ) ; sugaMdha - muhiM sugandhamukhIm (pR. 220); varaturayakuMjare < varaturagakuMjarA: (pR.246); NAgarAyA < nAgarAjaH (pR.252); migo < mRga: (pR. 255); saMgamaM - saMgamaM (pR. 255); porAgamasatthaM < paurAgamazAstraM (pR.259); gagaNavallahe < gaganavallabhe (pR. 262), urago < uraga: (pR. 277), chagalo < chagala: (pR.278); aNagAro< anagAra: (pR.286), arogo< aroga: (pR. 295), sagaro - sagaraH (pR. 300), dharaNigoyarasya < dharaNigocarasya (pR. 311); Agame < Agame (pR. 314), joisavijjApArago < jyotirvi

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506 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA dyA-pAragaH (pR.315), amiyaveo< amitavega: (pR.318); nAgapuraM< nAgapuraM (pR.338); hepphao< hepphaga: (pR.358) aadi-aadi| ga kA ta meM parivartana bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM prApya hai| yathA : kayadehaccAto< kRtadehatyAgaH (1.22) / 3. arddhamAgadhI meM do svaroM ke bIca AnevAle asaMyukta 'ca' aura 'ja' ke sthAna meM 'ta' aura 'ya' hone kI prakRti pAI jAtI hai| aise zabda 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI prApya haiN| udAharaNa : . payAsuhe< prajAsukhe (pR.2); rAyagihaM< rAjagRhaM (pR.2) pavvayAmi< pravrajAmi (pR.4); sarayapuNNimAyaMdo< zaratpUrNimAcandraH (pR.7); paoyaNaM< prayojanaM (pR.7); maNuyaloyasArA< manujalokasArA: (pR.7); dhammamAyaraMto< dharmamAcaranta: (pR.8); ayagaro< ajagaraH (pR.8); niyagaviNNANa< nijakavijJAnaM (pR.10); vANiyao< vANijaka: (pR.15); sUiyArogeNa < sUcikArogeNa (ci kA i : pR.17); vayaNehi< vacanaiH (pR.18), rAyA< rAjA (pR.20), pANabhoyaNeNaM< pAnabhojanena (pR.25), upayAreNa< upacAreNa (pR.27); teyassI< tejasvI (pR.158); AyariyA< AcAryA: (pR.28); vAyAe< vAcA (pR.32); soyamANA< zocantI (pR.36); pariyaNa< parijana (pR.39); rAyasiriM< rAjazrIM (pR.39); pUyA< pUjA (pR.41); sayaNa< svajana (pR.46); potthayavAyaNakusalA< pustakavAcanakuzalA (pR.68); sAhu- vayaNaM sAdhuvacanaM (pR.69), rAyamagga< rAjamArga (pR.69), AyaMbilatavaphalavisese< AcAmlatapaHphalavizeSe (pR.72); ayalo< acala: (pR.77), juyarAyA< yuvarAja: (pR.79), namuiM< namuciM (ci kA i : pR.79); gayapuraM< gajapuraM (pR.89); paoaNaM< prayojanaM (ya-zrutirahita, pR.127), rAyattaM< rAjatvaM (pR.128), rayatavAluyaM< rajatavAlukaM (pR.134); rAyapuraM< rAjapuraM (pR.148), sakkajjhayaM< zakradhvajaM (pR.159); ruyagasahA< rucakasahA (pR.160); NavajoyaNavitthiNNA< navayojana-vistIrNA (pR.162), rAyabhavaNaM< rAjabhavanaM (pR.179); vAtigajaNaparivuDo< vAcikajanaparivRta: (pR.201); kayAtira kadAcit (pR.49); tigicchiyaM< cikitsitaM (pR.103); migaddhao< mRgadhvaja: (ya-zrutirahita, pR.270-271); payAvaI< prajApati: (pR.276), pavvatito< pravrajita: (pR.298) aadi-aadi| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya arddhamAgadhI kI bhASika pravRtti aura prakRti ke anya udAharaNa isa prakAra haiN| 4. do svaroM ke madhyavartI ta kI yathAvat sthiti aura kahIM-kahIM ta kA ya meM parivartana : aNujANaMtu< anujAnantu (pR.1); bhayavantaM< bhagavantaM (pR.3); suNaMti< zRNvanti (pR.5); aMtarA< antarA (pR.5); viditaM< viditaM (pR.6), vAtavidhUyA< vAtavidhUtA: (pR.8), bhaNito< bhaNita: (pR.9), pitA pitAmaho vA< pitA pitAmaho vA (pR.14), piyaraM< pitaraM (pR.14); gato< gata: (pR.15: prAyaH sarvatra); tato< tata: (pR.17 : prAyaH sarvatra); dhammadUto< dharmadUtaH (pR.17), nivasati< nivasati (pR.19: kriyApadoM meM ta kI anekatra yathAsthiti); sumarati< smarati (pR.19); sahito< sahitaH (pR.23); saMpUiyA sampUjitA (pR.29); nivedeti< nivedayati (pR.29); parivasati< parivasati (pR.29); hoti< bhavati (pR.31); Agato, jAto< AgataH jAtaH (pR.31: prAya: sarvatra); kato< kRta: (pR.35), paDisuyaM< pratizrutaM (pR.39) gaMtuM< gantum (pR.55) parisaMThaveti< parisaMsthApayati (pR.56), tippati< tRpyati (pR.64), setA< zvetA (pR.69); acchati< asti (pR.69), visajjeti< visarjati (pR.75), rUvavatI< rUpavatI (pR.78); viNayavatI< vinayavatI (pR.79); uvadisati< upadizati

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 507 (pR.87), silAyale< zilAtale (pR.91) rasAtalaM< rasAtalaM (pR.191), bhaNatira bhaNati (pR.93), Niggato aigato< nirgata: atigata: (pR.95), vajjati< vrajati (pR.95), TThito< sthitaH (pR.97), kayarI< katarI (pR.103); Thito< sthita: (pR.112); piyA mato< pitA mRta: (pR.113), socihiti< zociSyati (pR.168), saceyaNo< sacetana: (pR.167), ThiyA< sthitA (pR.168); atigayA< atigatA (pR.168), saMkucito< saMkucita: (pR.168), suTThayaraM< suSThutaraM (pR.206), . rAyamAyA- rAjamAtA (pa.317) pacchati pRcchati (pa.204); kahiora kathita: (pR.206: ya-zrutirahita); paccuggato< pratyudgata: (pR.206), purato< purata: (pR.369), mAtaM< mAtaraM (pR.60), jIviyaM< jIvitaM (pR.29), ayaribhUtacittapaDiyArA< ajarIbhUtacittapratikArA (pR.163), parihAyati< parijahAti yA parijahati (pR.229); ahijAtIya< abhijAtyA yA AbhijAtyayA (pR.229); baMdhumatI< bandhumatI (pR.282); ratiseNiyA< ratisenikA (pR.229); kayanADayaM< kRtanATakaM (pR.292), kataMjalI< kRtAMjali: (pR.143); naravatI< narapati: (pR.293), suravatI< surapati: (pR.162), ciTThati< tiSThati (pR.228); miyAvatI< mRgAvatI yA mRgavatI (pR.275); devagatIte< devagatyA (pR.159) aadi-aadi| kahanA na hogA ki arddhamAgadhI kI, 'ta' kI yathAvat sthiti yA 'ta' kA 'ya' meM parivartana kI prakRti 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM vyApaka rUpa meM pracuratA se vidyamAna hai| kahanA to yaha cAhie ki 'ta' kI yathAsthiti 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA kI apanI vizeSatA hai| isake atirikta, arddhamAgadhI kI 'da' kI yathAsthiti yA phira 'da' kA 'ta' meM parivartana bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhUrizaH upalabdha hotA hai| yahA~ katipaya, isa prakAra ke saMyukta aura asaMyukta dhvaniyoM ke udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : 5. vidiyasAro- viditasAra: (pR.4); vidAriyamuho< vidAritamukha: (pR.9), mehodaeNa< meghodayena (pR.10) laliyaMgato< lalitAMgado (pR.10 tathA 166, 174, 175); vamaNavireyaNAdIhiM< vamanavirecanAdibhiH (pR.13), padese< pradeze (pR.14), abhivAdayAmi< abhivAdaye (pR.18), tadAvaraNijjakhaovasameNa< tadAvaraNIyakSayopazamena (pR.22), addhasahassaM< arddhasahasraM (pR.29), vuddhehiM< vRddhaiH (pR.78); vadittA< vaditvA (pR.39); sAmipAdamUlaM< svAmipAdamUlaM (pR.39); pasAdeNa< prasAdena (pR.39), accAdareNa< atyAdareNa (pR.41), madabhiMbhalassa< madavihvalasya (pR.64), kammAvadAyaM< karmAvadAtaM (pR.69), madanasara< madanazara (pR.80), varadAnadItIre< varadAnadItIre (pR.80), dAmodareNa< dAmodareNa (pR.81); vAdatthI< vAdArthI (pR.85); avadAyasAmo< avadAtazyAma: (pR.86), nArado< nAradaH (pR.93, 190); badaramuNDaM< badaramuNDaM (pR.95), AdIviyANI< AdIpitAni (pR.113), gaMdhavvavedapAraMgayA< gandharvavedapAraMgatA (pR.126), padANi< padAni (pR.136), idANi< idAnIM (pR.142), AcchAdanAlaMkAra< AcchAdanAlaMkAra (pR.145), AsaMdae< Asandake (pR.147), karagodayaM< karakodakaM (pR.148); nadi< nadIM (pR.148), udaMtaM< udantaM (vRttAntaM : pR.152), dhammovadesago< dharmopadezaka: (pR.153), visaMvaditadehabaMdho< visaMvaditadehabandha: (pR.168), vedapariccayaM vedaparicayaM (pR.182), khArakadaMbo< kSIrakadamba: (pR.190), jIhacchedo< jihvAcchedaH (pR.191); hitayaruitA< hRdayarocitA: (pR.221), paduTTho< praduSTaH (pR.293); mahAnadI< mahAnadI (pR.305), tadAgato< tadAgata: (pR.332), kadAyi< kadAcit (pR.334), aNNatA< anyadA (pR.331) bhUyavAtiehi< bhUtavAdibhiH (pR.313); madIehiM< madIyaiH (pR.285),

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA pavAdiANi < pravAditAni (pR. 130), pAdavasaMgharisa - samuTThio < pAdapasaMgharSa - samutthita: (pR. 161), pippalAdeNa< pippalAdena (pR. 152), kayapAdasoo < kRtapAdazauca : (pR. 205); pAdavasaMkulo< pAdapasaGkala: (pR. 172), pINuNNayahArahasirahitayaharasaMhitapayoharA < pInonnatahArahAsazIlahRdayaharasaMhitapayodharA (pR.123); katalIkhaMbhasannibhoru < kadalIskambha(stambha) - sannibhoru (pR.123); vividhasatthavisArato< vividhazAstravizAradaH (pR.255); dhaNatovamAnaM < dhanadopamAnaM (pR. 218); codehi< codaya (pR.207); kavilAtIhiM< kapilAdibhi: (pR.206) aadi-aadi| isa sandarbha se yaha bAta adhika spaSTa hotI hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASika pravRtti meM arddhamAgadhI ke tatsama-prayoga kI sahaja pravRtti kA bAhulya hai / 508 6. 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM arddhamAgadhI kI bhA~ti pa ke sthAna para va kI sahaja pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai / katipaya udAharaNa : kUvo < kUpa: (pR. 8), uvagAraM < upakAraM (pR. 14); khaviyaM < kSapitaM (pR. 17); piusamAve pitRsamIpe (pR.18), uvAyapuvvaM < upAyapUrvaM (pR. 21), dasasAgarovama < dazasAgaropama (pR. 25), jaNavao< janapadaH (pR.29); uvaNijjau< upanayatu (pR.29), saddAvio < zabdApita: (pR.33), bhoyaNamaMDave < bhojanamaNDape (pR. 33), kAhAvaNeNaM < kArSApaNena (pR.57); laviyaM - lapitaM (pR.66), pAvajaNAvAsakampanilae< pApajanAvAsakarmanilaye (pR.75); rUvassiNI < rUpavatI (pR.78), tavassI < tapasvI (pR. 101), NhAvio< snApita: (pR.107), vAviM< vApIM (pR.123); vINAvAvAro < vINAvyApAraH (pR. 132), pAyavaM pAdapaM (pR. 135), ahamavi < ahamapi (pR. 147); rivudamano< ripudamana: (pR.59); tAvasA< tApasAH (pR.163), paDimApaDivaNNo < pratimApratipannaH (pR.177); dIvamaNipagAsiyaM < dIpamaNiprakAzitaM (pR.178), kovapasAyaNovAyaciMtAparo < kopaprasAdanopAyacintApara: (pR. 178), vivAgakahA < vipAkakathA (pR. 219), rUvasirI < rUpazrI: (pR.233); uvavaNNo< upapanna: (pR.235); Thavei< sthApayati (pR. 239); samaNovAsao < zramaNopAsakaH (pR.24); kuviyANaNA < kupitAnanA (pR.241), vevirakovaNA < vepirakopanA (pR. 247), pAvAe < pApayA (pR.250); dayAvaro< dayAparaH (pR. 261), maruppavAyA < marutprapAtA: (pR. 266), niruvaleveNa nirupalepena (pR.266), mahurapalAviNo - madhurapralApina: (pR. 269), tavokammeNa < tapaH karmaNA (pR.274), payAvaissa< prajApate: (pR.276); tiviTTU < tripRSTha: (pR.276), viNivAyaM vinipAtaM (pR.328); ariMjayapurAhiveNa< ariMjayapurAdhipena (pR. 365), kavaTamaraNa - kapaTamaraNa (pR. 366), naMdagovagoTThe < nandagopagoSThe (pR. 370), uvajjhAyo < upAdhyAya: (pR.370) aadi-aadi| kahanA na hogA ki pake va meM parivartana kI pravRtti vasudevahiNDI kI bhASA meM Adyanta dRSTigata hotI hai| sAtha hI, pa kI yathAsthiti bhI bahulatA se upalabdha hotI hai / 7. 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASika pravRtti meM svaramadhyavartI 'ya' kI yathAsthiti milatI hai, kintu 'ya' kA 'ta' bhI apanI vikRti ke sAtha anekatra prayukta hai| udAharaNasvarUpa' katipaya prayoga draSTavya hai : (ka) jibmidiya< jihvendriya (pR. 6), < viNayapaNao< vinayapraNataH (pR.7), palAyamANeNa< palAyamAnena (pR.8), hiyayagahaNa < hRdayagrahaNa (pR.13); pAyasaM < pAyasaM (pR.22), rUvAtisayaM < rUpAtizayaM (pR.38), sayaNijjaM < zayanIyaM (pR.41), payAgaM- prayAgaM (pR.43), vipalAto ( vipalAyo athavA ya - zrutirahita vipalAo ) < vipalAyitaH (pR.44), vAyAmakaDhiNagatto < vyAyAmakaThinagAtra: (pR. 45), 'AhAito (AhAio-yo) < AdhAvita: (pR.45), soyapuNNahiyato < zokapUrNahRdaya: (pR.47), Thito

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 509 (Thiyo-o) < sthitaH, paDilAbhito (paDilAbhiyo-o) < pratilAbhitaH; niggato (niggayo-o) < nirgata: (pR.47) Adi-Adi / yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki atItakAlIna kta-pratyayAnta kriyApadoM meM yA phira 'purao', 'tao-tayo' Adi avyayoM meM isa prakAra 'ya' kA 'ta' meM parivartana pracuratA se prApta hotA hai| isa sandarbha meM gAhito, Thavito, ThAvito, ANIto, pesito, patito, jAto, nivArito, bhaNito, pucchito, kArito, mArito, Agato, AgatA, gato, upagato, mato, kato, kataM, ciMtitaM, avadhAritaM, vaMdito, pavvatito, niveditaM, pacchAdite, pUjito, milito, cutaM, amhito, amhiyoo< AzcaryitaH, vismita: (pR.248) Adi-Adi / vibhinna kriyApadoM ke tInoM liMgoM tathA tato, purato Adi avyayoM ke prayogoM kI saghanatA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yatra-tatra-sarvatra draSTavya hai| isalie, yahA~ taditara viziSTa prayogoM ko hI upanyasta karanA samIcIna hogaa| (kha) 'ya' kI yathAsthiti aura 'ya' kA 'ta: mAtaM (mAya) < mAtaraM (pR.60); bhayavatA (bhayavayA) < bhagavatA (pR.368), patiNo (paiNo) < patyuH (pR.369); nayaNavisayaM< nayanaviSayaM (pR.365), paMciMdiya< paMcendriya (pR.278), hiyateNa< hRdayena (pR.32), hiyate< hRdaye (pR.228), aDavIte (ye-e< aTavyAM (pR.43), cAtio (cAiyo : ya-zrutirahita) < pArita:, zaktaH (pR.195), sugati(i) gamaNa< sugatigamana (pR.184), saMjato(yo) < saMyata: (pR.273), jattAto (yo-o) < yAtrAta: (pR.11), bhIto (yo-o) < bhIta: (pR.273); atIte (ye) su< atIteSu (pR.366), samaMtato (o-yo) < samantata: (pR. 362) aadi-aadi| 'te' ke sthAna para 'e' bhii| jaise : gaesu< gateSu (369), uvAgae< upAgate (tatraiva) aadi| uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne avyaya aura saMjJApadoM meM, vizeSatayA kriyApadoM meM 'ya' kI jagaha 'ta' kI sthiti yA 'ta' ko tatsama rUpa meM hI chor3a dene kI sthiti svIkAra kI hai| 'ya' ke sthAna meM 'ta' kI tatsamabahulatA arddhamAgadhI kI viziSTa prakRti hai| 8. arddhamAgadhI kI bhASika pravRtti meM svaramadhyavartI va kI yathAsthiti hotI hai, kahIM-kahIM usakA ya meM yA ya-zrutirahita 'a' meM bhI parivartana hotA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASika prakRti kI bhI bahudhA yahI pravRtti hai| katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : pavesio< pravezita: (pR.10), bhavai< bhavati (pR.10), pasavaNakAla< prasavanakAla (pR.11), jIvA< jIvA: (pR.14), devIsahio< devIsahito (pR.17), samavAo< samavAyaH (pR.18); ussavo< utsava: (pR.19); sAvajja< sAvadhaM (pR.21), paDiniyattassa< pratinivartitasya (pR.11) niyataha< nivartasva (pR.21), saMvariyaduvAraM< saMvRtadvAraM (pR.21), lAyaNNa(tra) < lAvaNya (pR.23,28); saparivArassa< saparivArasya (pR.23) taheva< tathaiva (pR.24); gatimaNuyattamANI< gatimanuvartamAnA (pR.359), parabhave< parabhave (pR.26) vihavANurUveNaM< vibhavAnurUpeNa (pR.27), navajovvaNaguNe< navayauvanaguNaM (pR.29; khettaniyattaNaM< kSetranivartanaM (pR.30), vaNadaveNa< vanadavena (pR.36); devayA< devatA (pR.37), bhavaNavAsiNI bhavaNavaNadevayA< bhavanavAsinI bhavanavanadevatA (pR.41), payaTTAvio< pravartito (pR.45), kUyaM (kUva)< kUpaM (pR.52) parAyattaNakIliyaM< parAvartanakIlakaM (pR.63) sahAo (ya-zrutirahita) < svabhAvaH (pR.164), niyattati< nivartate (pR.241) Adi-Adi / 9. arddhamAgadhI meM NatvavidhAna kA svAtantrya upalabdha hotA hai, isalie zabda ke Adi, madhya (anta meM nahIM) aura saMyoga meM sarvatra Na kI taraha na bhI sthita rahatA hai| pUrI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aise bhASika prayogoM kA atizaya prAcurya hai| nidarzana ke lie katipaya zabda draSTavya :

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510 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA __ Adi meM : nAma (pR.2) nijjaraM (pR.3); nicchao (pR.4); nayaNamaNaharaM (pR.5); niggao (pR.46); nAgarehiM (pR.113); nivAreMti (pR.127); naTTovahAreNa (pR.156), nadIsota (pR.134); nagaraM (pR.227); naMgalagge (pR.241); niddA (pR.267); nivasattu (pR.269); nAhilasai (pR.278), najjae (pR.278); narA (pR.267), nirubiggA (pR.313); nimittiNA (pR.317), nahayalaM (pR.331), namo bhayavao (pR.339), nAUNa (pR.368), nesi (pR.369), niyagabhavanamAgato (pR.369) Adi-Adi / madhya meM : jaladharaninAdaM (pR.3); jaMbunAmeNa (pR.10) ohinANaM (pR.11); eyanAmo (pR.11); kiMnimittaM (pR.40); sIhanAo (pR.55), ahinaMdaMti (pR.70); diTThanaTTho (pR.83); saccabhAmAnimitte (pR.97); atisayanANI (pR.189); vesAnareNa (pR.237); daMDanIIe (pR.257); sIhanaMdiyA (pR.321), parinevvANaM (pR.337); pavvayanAradavivAte (pR.357); niyayanAmaMkio (pR.365) aadi-aadi| saMyuktAkSaroM meM zabda ke madhya aura anta meM bhI na kA saMyukta rUpa milatA hai| jaise : dinnA, manne, samuppannA (pR.11); tannimittaM (pR.19); vinavei (pR.19); pasannacaMdo (pR.19); Asanno (pR.21), kareNuparikino (pR.23); kappAkappavihinnU (pR.25); anakuMDa (pR.27); manissAmi (pR.57), punA (pR.60); annonnanehANurAga (pR. 65); savvannU (pR.110), sannibhorU (pR.123); tinni (pR.184); dhanaMtarI (pR.237), paDivanno (pR.261); micchattasamocchanneNa (pR.279); annamantrasamallINAo (pR.287); janadattA (pR.30); rano (pR.61); donni (pR.62), janavakko (pR.151,152) aadi-aadi| 10. vAkyArthadyotaka 'iti' ke sthAna meM svarAnta zabdoM ke bAda 'tti' yA sAnusvAra zabdoM ke bAda 'ti' kA prayoga Agamika arddhamAgadhI meM prApta hotA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI arddhamAgadhI kI yaha pravRtti pUrNatayA surakSita hai / yadyapi yaha pravRttigata bhASika svarUpa kA ullekhanIya nirNAyaka tattva nahIM hai| katipaya udAharaNa : ___ appANaM sArakkhamANI acchiya tti (pR.49); puNNo ya me maNoraho ti (pR.66), kiM pabhAyaM suppeNa chAijjai? tti (pR.72), alaM jujheNaM ti (pR.81) vAsudeveNa bhaNiyA-kaha kaha? ttisaccabhAmA bhaNati--jai amhehiM bhagiNI vaMdiyA tujhaM kiM ittha vattavvaM? ti (pR.82); so me eyamaTuM vAgarehii ti (pR.84); paNie koDiM dehi tti (pR.105), jo juvANo rUvassI savijjo mAhaNo khattio vA so me ANeyavvo tti (pR.121); natthi purao, uvvatto maNNe hohiti tti (pR.143) cArusAmi ! caMpAgamaNUsuo mamaM sumarasu tti (pR.153), dehi me paDivayaNaM ti (pR.165); deva ! koi taruNo rUvassI teyassI addhANAgato ya icchati tubbhe daTuM ti (pR.205); natthi ito uttarIyaM ti (pR.255), sAmi ! jahA me divaso gato, jaM ca me suyaM samaNubhUyaM ca taM savvaM suNeha mi tti (pR.283) gabbhagae jaNaNIe aro rayaNamao sumiNe diTTho tti (pR.346) aadi-aadi| 11. 'yathA', 'yadi', 'yat', 'ya:' aura 'yAvat' zabdoM meM 'ya' kA 'ja' meM parivartana jaisI ardhamAgadhI kI sahaja bhASika pravRtti 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM bhI vidyamAna hai| yathA : jAva < yAvat (pR.3); jAvajjIvaM< yAvajjIvaM (pU.30); jahA< yathA (pR.4); jai< yadi (pR.4); jo< ya: (pR.5); jahAsutaM< yathAzrutaM (pR.11), jaM< yat (pR.43) aadi| isI prakAra kA dhvani-parivartana pUre grantha meM draSTavya hai / jJAtavya hai ki 'yat' zabda yA yakArAnta sabhI zabdoM ke sabhI rUpoM meM 'ya' kA 'ja' meM parivartana prAkRta-bhASA kI apanI sahaja pravRtti hai|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 511 kintu, 'yat' aura 'yadi' ke lie 'jaya' (pR.92 aura 100) rUpa bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApta hotA hai| kahanA na hogA ki bhASika prayoga-svAtantrya 'vasudevahiNDI' kI anyatradurlabha vaiziSTya hai| 12. arddhamAgadhI kI bhASika pravRtti ke samAnAntara 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI 'gRha' zabda kA 'ghara', 'hara' aura 'giha' Adeza prApta hote haiN| yathA : __rAyagihaM< rAjagRhaM (pR.2); bhUmigharaM< bhUmigRhaM (pR.44), bhUyagharaM< bhUtagRhaM (pR.54), vAsagharaM< vAsagRhaM (pR.7), kayalilayAjAlamohaNagharesu< kadalIlatAjAlamohanagRheSu (pR.359), AyaMsagharaM< AdarzagRhaM (pR.354); kassa imaM gharaM< kasya idaM gRhaM ? (pR.34); Ayariyagiha< AcAryagRha (pR.37), kulagharaM< kulagRhaM (pR.120); layAharae< latAgRhe, latAgRhake (pR.137); layAharaM< latAgRhaM (pR.137) aadi-aadi| 13. arddhamAgadhI kI svarabhakti kI pravRtti 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai / katipaya udAharaNa : __samUsuo< samutsuka: (pR.16); garihaNaM< garhaNaM (pR.17); AyaMbilaM< AcAmlaM (pR.25), jhiyAyaMto< dhyAyanta: (pR.34), AcArya< Ayariya (pR.37); iriyA< iryA (pR.39); pharacariyasikkhA< phalacaryA-zikSA (DhAla calAne kI zikSA : pR.55); nisiriyacalaNA< nisarjitacaraNA (pR.60), sirIo< zrIka: (pR.66); saMjAyaharisaromakUvA< saMjAtaharSaromakUpAH (pR.72) kilissai < klizyati (pR.181), puDhavI< pRthvI (pR.73), sudarisaNA< sudarzanA (pR.90), susiliTThasaMdhI< suzliSTasandhi: (pR.77); paumavara< padmavara (pR.78), phalasiriM< phalazrIM (pR.79) siliTThasaMThiya< zliSTa-saMsthita (pR.80); sirigharaM< zrIgRhaM (pR.82), Ariyaveda< Aryaveda (pR.183), paumAvai< padmAvatI (pR.204); suyasiNeheNa< smRtasnehena (pR.214), sayapAkasiNeha< zatapAkasneha (pR.222), tirio< tiryak (pR.256); kevalipariyAyaM< kevaliparyAyaM (pR.257); uvadarisiyA< upadarzitA (pR.282), rayaNajjhayaM< ratnadhvajaM (pR.322), rayaNAyuho< ratnAyudhaH (pR.260), daMsio me siNeho< darzito me snehaH (pR.251); siribhUI< zrIbhUti: (pR.253), sirimatI< zrImatI (pR. 171) aadi-aadi| 14. ardhamAgadhI kI eka bhASika pravRtti yaha bhI hai ki AcArya hemacandra dvArA budhAdigaNa meM paThita zabdoM yA dhakArAnta zabdoM ke dhakAra kA hakAra Adeza ho jAtA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yaha pravRtti vidyamAna hai| katipaya zabda udAharaNArtha : chuhAbhibhUo< kSudhAbhibhUta: (pR.6), bahusahio< vadhUsahita: (pR.7), mahubiMdu- madhubinduH (pR.8); duvihaM< dvividhaM (pR.17), bahU-varaM vadhU-varaM (pR.18); bohI< bodhi (pR.38), ruhire< rudhire (pR.39; niravarAhI< niraparAdha: (pR.270); vaha-baMdha-bahule< vadha-bandha-bahule (pR.271); vaha-baMdhanamaraNANi< vadha-bandhana-maraNAni (pR.263), lakkhaNavahAya< lakSmaNavadhAya (pR.245), buha-vibuhAyataNe< budha-vibudhAyatane (pR.195) Adi-Adi / 15. 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, bhASika pravRtti kI dRSTi se, ardhamAgadhI ke aise zabda bhI pracura pariNAma meM upalabdha haiM, jinakA mahArASTrI meM prAya: abhAva rahatA hai| katipaya udAharaNa :

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512 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA sannejjhanimittaM< sAnidhyanimittaM (pR.3) paDucca< pratItya (pR.5), chasUDusu< SaDRtuSu (pR.13) jhANavAghAyaM< dhyAnavyAghAtaM (pR.16), vocchijjihati< vyucchetsyati (pR.20), bAhaMsupappuyacchI < bASpAzrupraplutAkSI (pR.28); diNNellayaM dattaM (pR.30); ajjhovavaNNo< adhyupapanna: (pR.29); muhAe< mudhA (mudhaiva); deMti< dadAti yA dadati (bahuva. pR.34), saejjhayabhavaNe< svAdhyAya (prAtivezmika)bhavane (pR.37), puricchamille< paurastye (pR.44), kattoccayA< kutastyAH (pR.48); mahiliyAsu< mahilAsu (pR.49); gAmellao< grAmaNI; grAmINa: (pR.57), icchAmahallakallole < icchAmahodadhikallole (pR.42), vocchaDiya< vyutsRSTa (pR.44), katto pAviMtAo< kuta: prApyethAH (pR.71); camaDhijjihiti< mardayiSyate (pR.98; puritthima< paurastya (pR.159); uttara-purathime< uttarapUrvasmin (pR.166), aduguMchiya< ajugupsita (pR.201); dAhiNAe seDhIe< dakSiNasyAM zreNyAM (pR.227), uttarAyaM seDhIyaM< uttarazreNyAM (pR.257), tIyaddhAe< atItAddhAyAM (pR.258, amAghAo< amAghAta: (pR.261), ramaNijjiyaM< ramaNIyakaM (pR.283) avarille< upari (pR.321) vijjhapure< vindhyapure (pR.331), uvarimagevijjesu< uparitanauveyakeSu (pR.333, uttarilla seDhIe< uttarazreNyAM (pR.334); uttarillAe seDhIe< uttarasyAM zreNyAM (pR.336), tusArosaddhA< tuSAropahatA (pR.348) aadi-aadi| inameM adhikAMza zabda arddhamAgadhI jainAgama meM bhI yathAvat upalabdha hote haiN| 16. arddhamAgadhI ke Agamika gadya kI bhA~ti, kathAkAra ne bhI apAdAnasUcaka paMcamI meM 'hiMto' vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA hai| jaise : sibigAhiMto (pR.314); ciyagAhiMtopR.185); pAehito (pR.138-28) Adi / puna: 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya bArasa, terasa, bAvattari, egUNasattari, paNNasa Adi saMkhyAvAcI tathA dhamadhameMtaM (pR.45), gumagumAyaMtaM (pR.54), gulagulAyaMtaM (pR.55), misamisemANI (pR.28), phuraphutaM (pR.337), tharaharaMto (pR.330), kilakilaMtI (pR.283), ghuraghureMta, gulaguleMta (pR.44) Adi nAmadhAtumUlaka anuraNanAtmaka yA dhvanyAtmaka zabdoM ke prayoga isa grantha kI bhASika pravRtti ko Agamika pramANita karate haiN| 17. arddhamAgadhI meM aise zabdoM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika hai, jinake rUpa mahArASTrI se bhinna hote haiN| udAharaNArtha, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya katipaya arddhamAgadhI zabdoM kI tAlikA upanyasta hai : arddhamAgadhI mahArASTrI AharaNaM (pR.59) uAharaNaM baMbhaNo (pR.29) bamhaNo mAhaNo (pR.184) bamhaNo kIsa (pR.127) kerisa mehuNa (pR.296) mehuNaya vaTTa (pR.221) vijja (pR.53) vejja (vaidya) vaTTha

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vasadevahiNDI:bhASika aura sAhityika tattva arddhamAgadhI mahArASTrI dAhiNa (pR.235) dakSiNa dhUyA (pR.320) dhUA seDhIyaM (pR.257) seDhI tigicchiya (pR.103) ciicchi tirikkha (pR.29) tiriya pArevaa (pR.338) pArAva ikkhu (pR.164) ucchu pihu (pR.187) puhaM, pihaM kIlaNao (pR.181) kiDDaNao bhiMbhala (pR. 64) vinbhala garuya (pR.10) garu bhamuhA (pR. 28) bhumaA dugulla (pR.218) dualla niSphaNNa (pR.268) NippaNa piyA (pR.12) piA uvariM (pR.13) uvari cilAigA (pR.325) kirAa sukumAliyA (pR.139) sukumAriyA sumiNa (pR.2) simiNa uparyukta tulanAtmaka tAlikA se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA kA jhukAva mahArASTrI kI apekSA ardhamAgadhI kI ora adhika hai| vizeSakara jainAgamokta dArzanika tattvoM ke vivecana kI bhASA-zailI to Agamika bhASA ke samAnAntara pratIta hotI hai| kintu, isa prasaMga meM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki arddhamAgadhI aura jaina mahArASTrI meM tato'dhika bhASika samatA hai| jaina paramparA meM ardhamAgadhI ke Agama-granthoM ke atirikta carita, kathA, darzana, tarka, jyotiSa, bhUgola, stotra Adi viSayoM se sambaddha prAkRta kA pracura sAhitya upalabdha hai| isa sAhitya kI bhASA ko prAkRta ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne prAcIna jaina mahArASTrI nAma dekara mahArASTrI aura arddhamAgadhI se pRthak isa bhASA kA 1. isa sandarbha meM zAntisvAmI ke pravacana kI prAMjala Agamika bhASA-zailI kI kucha paMktiyA~ draSTavya hai : "ajIvA jIvA y| tattha ajIvA cauvihA-dhammatthikAo ahammatyikAo, AgAsatthikAo, poggltthikaao| poggalA puNa rUviNo, sesaa'ruuvinno| dhammA-'dhammA-''gAsA jahakkamamuddiTTA jIvapoggalANaM giti-ThitiogAhaNAo ya uvayareMti / poggalA jIvANaM zarIrakaraNajogA''NupANunivittI / jIvA duvihA-saMsArI siddhA y| tattha siddhA prinnevykjjaa| saMsAriNo duvihA-bhaviyA ahaviyya yate aNAikammasaMbaMdhA ya bhvjoggjaa...|" (ketumatIlambha : pR. 342)

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514 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA astitva nirdiSTa kiyA hai| yadyapi kAvya, kathA, nATaka Adi kI bhASA se Agamika arddhamAgadhI bhASA kI prAyaH ekarUpatA yA sadRzatA hai, tathApi yaha eka svatantra bhASA ke rUpa meM svIkRta huI hai| bhASAtattva kI dRSTi se parIkSaNa karane para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina mahArASTrI kI rUpa-saMracanA mahArASTrI aura arddhamAgadhI ke mizraNa se huI hai| Agama-granthoM ke AdhAra para race gaye 'bRhatkalpabhASya', 'vyavahArasUtrabhASya,' 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' evaM 'nizIthacUrNi' prabhRti TIkA aura bhASyagranthoM kI bhASA bhI jaina mahArASTrI hI hai| sAtha hI, 'vasudevahiNDI', 'paumacariya', 'samarAiccakahA', 'kuvalayamAlA' Adi granthoM kI bhASA ko bhI jaina mahArASTrI kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| bhASA kA yaha vargIkaraNa bahuta kucha sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa se jur3A huA hai| brAhmaNa-paramparA meM, jisa prakAra vedoM kI bhASA vaidika saMskRta aura vedottara granthoM kI bhASA laukika saMskRta ke nAma se saMskRta kI do saMjJAe~ milatI haiM, usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM, Agamika granthoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI aura Agamottara granthoM kI bhASA jaina mahArASTrI ke nAma se sambodhita huI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA yathAprApta prAkRta-kAvyoM aura nATakoM kI bhASA se nizcaya hI atizaya prAcIna hai| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI kA yaha anumAna bahuta saMgata hai ki arddhamAgadhI kI bhASAgata pravRttiyoM meM thor3A-sA parivartana hokara jaina mahArASTrI kA vikAsa huA hogA aura isI jaina mahArASTrI se vyaMjana varNoM kA lopa hokara, kAvyoM aura nATakoM kI mahArASTrI kA prAdurbhAva huA hai| isa kathana se yaha spaSTa saMketita hotA hai ki arddhamAgadhI meM vyaMjana vargoM ke lopa hone kI pravRtti bahuta hI svalpa hai aura jaina mahArASTrI meM yaha pravRtti arddhamAgadhI se thor3A adhika hai aura phira yahI pravRtti mahArASTrI meM bahuta adhika ho gaI hai| isa vicAra se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA jaina mahArASTrI se bhI prAcIna aura arddhamAgadhI ke samAnAntara hai, isIlie isa grantha kI bhASA ko 'prAcIna jaina mahArASTrI' kahA gayA hai, jisakI pahacAna 'ArSa prAkRta' ke rUpa meM adhika saMgata pratIta hotI hai| sampradAya kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA ko bhale hI 'prAcIna jaina mahArASTrI' kaha diyA gayA hai, kintu phira bhI isa grantha kI bhASA ko 'ArSa prAkRta' kahanA isalie adhika yuktiyukta hogA ki isameM vyaMjanavargoM ke lopa kI pravRtti arddhamAgadhI kI bhA~ti bahuta hI svalpa hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne, kahanA na hogA ki bhASA ke prayoga meM madhyama mArga apanAyA hai| kahIM to unhoMne vizuddha ardhamAgadhI kA prayoga kiyA hai aura kahIM jaina mahArASTrI kaa| punaH kahI-kahIM zaurasenI, paizAcI, mAgadhI aura apabhraMza kA prayoga bhI unhoMne kiyA hai| isa prakAra, unakI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA sarvabhASAmayI arddhamAgadhI kI hI nikaTavartinI 'ArSa prAkRta' siddha hotI hai| bhASika prayoga-vaividhya : jaina mahArASTrI kI pravRtti arddhamAgadhI ke hI samAna hai| jaise : sAmAnyatayA 'ka' ke sthAna para 'ga' (sAvago< zrAvaka, logo< lokaH, AgAro< AkAra: Adi); lupta vyaMjanoM ke sthAna para ya-zruti (kahANayaM< kathAnakaM, bhagavayA< bhagavatA, ceyaNA< cetanA Adi); Na kI jagaha na kI yathAsthiti (nUnamesA< nUnameSA, paDivannA< pratipannA, uvavanno< utpannaH Adi); saMskRta kI bhA~ti sAnusvAra zabdoM kI saMhitA meM anusvAra kA ma meM parivartana (annamanna, egamega, cittamANaMdiyaM Adi); 1. abhinava prAkRta-vyAkaraNa' : pR.441

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 515 arddhamAgadhI ke samAna hI tRtIyA ke ekavacana meM sA kA prayoga (maNasA, vayasA, kAyasA Adi), ktvA pratyaya ke sthAna para ccA, tA, tUNaM, UNaM, tUNa, uNa, uM Adi kA Adeza (soccA, vaMdittA, gaMtUNa, caviUNa, kAuNaM, sAmatyeUNaM, mAreUNaM, daTTaNaM, ThAuM, kAuM Adi); ta pratyayAnta rUpoM meM 'ta' kI jagaha 'Da' (kaDaM< kRtaM, vAvaDaM< vyApRtaM, saMvuDaM< saMvRtaM aadi)| ye katipaya bhASika pravRttiyA~ nidarzana ke rUpa meM upasthApya haiN| kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhI ye samasta bhASika pravRttiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| inake atirikta, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM prayukta avvo avvo, hitaya, katalI, pAtarAsa, ammAtAto, samato, bhiMgAra, isI, hoti, piva (iva), gheppAmi, ghettUNa Adi prayoga usakI paizAcI pravRtti ke hI dyotaka haiN| punaH calaNeNaM, kIlA (krIDA) Adi prayoga 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA kI mAgadhI pravRtti kI ora saMketa karate haiN| isI prakAra, paDipuNNa, paDibaddha, bhiMbhala Adi zaurasenI tathA riTTha, sara, sAhA, solasa, vAmoha, daMsaNa, nakka (nAka) Adi apabhraMza kI pravRtti kI sUcanA dete haiN| ___satarkatA se bhASAzAstrIya parIkSaNa karane para, pAli ke bhI vibhinna prayogoM se 'vasudevahiNDI' ke prAkRta-prayogoM kA sAmya upalabhya sambhava hai| udAharaNArtha : vAha (2.10), kolaMba (44.9), vAla (44.21), pariyatti (69.10), theva (256-26), kaThiNa (237-12), khurappa (pAli : khurappajAtaka), suMka (13.13) Adi zabda draSTavya haiN| spaSTa hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI sarvamizrA arddhamAgadhI meM pAli kI aneka pravRttiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| pAli kI vibhinna pravRttiyoM kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kA svatantra bhASika zodha-adhyayana apekSita hai| (pAli-prAkRta ke katipaya tulanAmUlaka zabda pariziSTa 1 meM draSTavya haiN)| saMghadAsagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kevala bhASika prayoga-vividhatA hI nahIM hai, apitu arthagUDha evaM Agametara sAhityika granthoM meM prAyaH anupalabdha tathA prAkRta-koza ke samRddhikAraka prAyogika camatkAra kI paryAptatA bhI hai, jinameM dezya zabdoM ke prayoga vizeSatayA parigaNanIya haiN| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya hai : bhelaviya (bhelita : mizrita : mahArASTra meM prayukta (jaise : 'bhelapUrI') : so bhayabhelaviyadiTThI jalaM ti mannamANo, (pR.6) : Da harikA =Da hariyA (choTI : 'DaharikAsu nAvAsu' pR.11), Daharaga ('DaharagaM dAragaM gaheUNaM', pR.22), khaMta (pitA : 'khaMtarUvaM ca kAUNaM devo daMseI se purao appANaM,' pR.22); kullariyAvaNa (halavAI kI dukAna, pR.39); DiMDI (daNDin = daNDAdhikArI; DaoN. motIcandra ke mata se chailA, pR.51); saMgAra (saMketa, pR.54); suriyattaggahattho (surIyamANAgrahastaH = saiMr3a kA acchI taraha saMcAlana karate hue, pR.55), poTTa (udarapezI, peDU : 'vasudattAe poTTe veyaNA jAyA,' pR.60), kukkusa (bhUsA, pR. 62); vAsI (basUlA, pR.63); sacchamA (sadRzI, 'tilatilladhArAsacchamA', pR.67), khuDDaya (aMgUThI : 'dAhiNahattheNaM khuDDaeNaM, pR.72); saoNpacchAiyasarIrA (sampracchAditazarIrA, pR.73); kAgabalaM poemi ('kAkabalaM pAtayAmi, pR.81), teicchaM (caikitsyaM, pR.87); uddhasiya (romAMcita, pR.88), kaDilla (kamara, kaTivastra, pR.94), kaDilla (jaMgala ke artha meM, pR.323), vekaDa ('palaMDulasuNa-vekaDa-hiMgUNi' pR.106), maraNarahaTTa (rahaTa, pR.272); ruiyANi (pIsakara milAne ke artha meM : 'chagalamutteNa saha ruiyANi, pR.106), phariseUNa (DA~Takara, pR.107), caukka (catuSka : cAra ke artha meM aura zahara ke cauka ke artha meM bhI; koDicaukke, pR.107 tathA 'sAvatthI caukkammi,' pR.289); ullaTaMtImicchasi (tU ulaTanA cAhatI hai, pR.107), atitayaM< atyantaM (pR.107), buhAhaMkArA

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516 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA (pR.111) viDhavei (arjana karatA hai, pR.116), khisiyA (khisiyAkara : 'saniTTharaM khisiyA bhaNiyAo ya', pR.282); vuTTe (arddhamAgadhI prayoga : prathamA ke ekavacana meM e kI pravRtti, pAThAntara ke anusAra chuTTo; chUTA huA, khulA huA bachar3A : 'khuTTe : chuTTo vaccho tti', pR.120); rassIo (pR.155), kalatta (nitamba ke artha meM : 'itthINaM puNa kalattaguruyatAe paNhiyAsu uviddhANi bhavaMti', pR.135), sahiNa< zlakSNa (pR.134); maMDukkI (kholI yA jholI ke artha meM, pR. 138), savvaM samAduvAlI kAUNa (sArI khAdya-samAgrI ko eka sAtha sAnakara, pR.290); upattI< utpatti (151.22); Abhoio Page #537
vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 517 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa kA prabhAva : 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA para vyAkaraNa aura vartanI kI dRSTi se saMskRta kI pravRtti bhI spaSTa hai| vartanI meM, samasta tathA vyasta zabdoM meM sandhi evaM anusvAra kI jagaha paMcama varNa kA prayoga bhI yatra-tatra dRSTigata hote haiN| kucha zabda to aise bhI haiM, jinameM svayaM mUlagrantha ke sampAdakoM ne hI praznacihna lagA diye haiN| samasta tathA vyasta zabdoM meM sandhi : pavahaNAbhirUDho (pR.3); rahamAruhiUNa, nagaramAgato (pR.3); gAlaNovAyaM (pR.11); puttamaNusaraMto (pR.19); veraggamaggamoiNNo (pR.19); rAyANurUveNaM (pR.29); puNaravi (pR.47), kosaMbimAgao (pR.59), velamaikkamai (pR.78); vimANovamo (pR.79); eyamAsaNaM (pR.95), devovayaNanimittaM (pR.111); dIvujjovaM (pR.126); kaDagamANeUNa (pR.127); gahaNamatigao (pR.145), vedasatthovadesassa (pR.153); mohamuvagayA (pR.165); sayaMpabhAhihANaM (pR.165), titthayarAbhiseeNa (pR.183); visayasuhamaNubhavaMtassa (pR.205); sayamAgayA (pR.213); rAyalakkhaNovayeyaM (pR.217), kuviyANaNA (pR.241); kAraNamAsajja (pR.262); thANa-mANAriho (pR.263), niyaga-. balamAsAsayaMto (pR.312) rosabharAviyanayaNeNa (pR.315); IsANiMdo (pR.331); sAmaNNamaNupAleDa (pR.343), khattiyANumaeNa (pR.365), sAlamacAetassa (pR.370) aadi-aadi| __paMcamavarNa na-yukta vartanI : pattijjihinti (pR.30, paM.30), 'diti-payAga' nti vuccati titthaM (pR.193, paM.11), kandamUlaphalAhArA (pR.214, paM.30), vantAmayassa (pR.286, paM.18), AjammamaraNanti pR.304, paM. 13); oyavinteNa (pR. 265, paM. 2) Adi / vartanI ke sambandha meM yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' ke yathAprApta bhAvanagara saMskaraNa meM pUrNa virAma (1) aura alpavirAma) kA prayoga to kiyA hI gayA hai, alpavirAma ke lie aMgarejI ke phulasTaoNpa () kA bhI pracuratA se prayoga huA hai| sAtha hI, vyAkaraNagata prayoga-vaicitrya bhI upalabdha hotA hai| karmavAcya ke vAkya-prayoga meM, asamApikA kriyA ke vaicitrya kA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai : 'tato sA mae karatalasaMpuDeNaM ghattUNa hiyae nivvodaeNaM (?) tIe aggahatthe bhaNiyA' (42. 4), eka hI vAkya meM 'sA' aura 'tIe' sArvanAmika zabdoM yA padoM kA prayoga sacamuca vicitra hai| punaH karmavAcya ke kartA ke sAtha kartRvAcya kI kriyA kA prayoga-vaicitrya bhI upalabdha hotA hai| jaise : 'NAe bhaNai ya' (291.26) / hindI meM 'aura' ke bAda AnevAle zabda ke anusAra bhI kriyA ke prayoga kA anuzAsana prApta hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNI kI prAkRta meM bhI yaha prayoga surakSita hai| jaise: 'pUjiyA samaNamAhaNA, nAgarayA sayaNo ya paose vIsatyo bhuMjai (7.8) / ' hindI meM artha hogA : 'pUjita zramaNa, brAhmaNa, nAgaraka (bahuva.) aura svajana (ekava) sandhyA meM vizvasta bhAva se bhojana karatA hai|' prayoga-vaicitrya kI dRSTi se kathAkAra dvArA prayukta eka hI zabda kI paryAyamUlaka AvRtti kA bhI ullekhanIya vaiziSTya hai| pratIta hotA hai, arthavyaMjanA ke lie hI unhoMne aisA prayoga kiyA hai| jaise : 'doNhaM natINaM majjhadesabhAe atthi mahaimahAliyA pattharasilA' (44.9-10) / yahA~ sirpha 'silA' ke prayoga se bhI arthasiddhi sambhava thI, kintu bahuta bar3I patthara kI caTTAna kI arthavyaMjanA ke lie hI kathAkAra ne 'prastara' ke sAtha hI usake paryAyavAcI zabda 'zilA' kI AvRtti kI hai| isI prakAra ke prayoga anekatra parilakSitavya haiN| jaise: 'palaMbaMtakesarasaDhaM' (45.7); 'vivihakhajja

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518 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA pejjagIya-vAiya-hAsaravasahavomIseNaM' (46.22); 'viyasiyasayavattapattaladalattho' (maMgalAcaraNa : 1.7); 'kamalakumudoppalovasohiyaM' (67.26), 'pasaNNa-sacchasIyalajalapANiyaM' (67.26), 'samuppaNNa-kevalanANavidhutara-malo' (118.23 -24), 'ghaNa-maNadaiyadhUvadhUvio' (394.11); 'vigayapAvakalimalo' (344.4); vima-sasikaMta-paumA'raviMda-nIla-phalihaMka-thUbhiyAe' (347.14) aadi-aadi| __sArvanAmika prayoga : prAkRta meM 'asmad' zabda kI tRtIyA ke ekavacana meM 'mai' yA 'mae' yA 'mamae' kA bahudhA prayoga hotA hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne saMskRta kI bhA~ti 'mayA' kA bhUriza: prayoga kiyA hai| jaise : 'mayA bhaNiyaM', 'mayA ciMtiyaM', 'mayA sammattaM laddhapuvvaM' aadi| isa prakAra ke karmavAcyaparaka prayoga pUre grantha meM yatra-tatra sarvatra upalabdha hote haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM karmavAcya aura bhAvavAcya kI vAkyazailI kI pracuratA hai| prAkRta meM SaSThI vibhakti nahIM hotii| caturthI, SaSThI kI sthAnApanna hotI hai| SaSThIparaka artha-dyotana ke lie prAkRta meM 'yuSmad', zabda kA rUpa bahudhA 'tuva' yA 'tuha' hotA hai| kintu, saMghadAsagaNI ne 'tuha' ke atirikta saMskRta kI bhA~ti 'tava' kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| jaise : ahaM tava jIviyakayakkIo dAso tti' (pR.139) / 'tava pAesu gholai tti' (pR.278)| 'tava puttassa DaMDavegassa' (pR.245), Adi-Adi / - avyaya-prayoga : samAnatAsUcaka saMskRta ke 'iva' avyaya zabda ke lie prAkRta meM prAya: 'viva', 'piva' 'va' yA 'vva' Adi kA prayoga hotA hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne samAnavAcI ina prAkRtokta zabdoM ke atirikta saMskRta kI bhA~ti 'iva' kA bhI bhUriza: prayoga kiyA hai| katipaya udAharaNa : 'marAlagoNo iva mandagamaNo' (pR.221); 'sumiNamiva passamANo pasuttomhi' (pR.226); 'kaNerusahiyasseva gayavarassa'(pR.355), 'kumudadalamayaM disAvalimiva kuNamANI' (pR.193); 'ghaNapaDalaniggayacaMdapaDimA iva kittimatI' (pR.313) Adi-Adi / saMskRta ke 'tato' avyaya kA to pUre grantha meM sArvatrika prayoga kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| __isake atirikta, kucha prayoga to aise haiM, jo thor3A-bahuta dhvani-parivartana ke sAtha saMskRta se prAkRta meM anuvartita jaise lagate haiN| isa sandarbha meM rAyalakkhaNovayeyaM (pR.217); nevvANaphalabhAgiNI (pR.217); rosahuyAsaNajAlApalIviyaM (pR.263); juvatijaNasArarUvanimmiyA (pR.265); vikayAraviMdamayaraMdalolachaccharaNamudiyamuNamuNamaNaharasare (pR.269); cauraMgulappamANakaMbugIvo (pR.162); karikarAkArorujuyalo (pR.162), hemaghaMTikAkiNakiNAyamANaM (pR.246), asogataruvarassa (pR.251); kula-rUva-jovvaNa-vibhavavaMto (pR.221); pUjita-komalacalaNAraviMda (pR.78); gUDhasirahariNajaMghA (pR.77); turagaparikammakusalo (pR.36); piumAuvipattikAraNaM (pR.31); paritosaviyasiyANaNA (pR.5); sirIsakusumasukumAlasarIrA (pR.198); paramaparitosavisappiyanayaNajuyaleNa (pR.200) aadi-aadi| prAkRta kI mUlabhASA arddhamAgadhI meM saMskRta ke samAna taddhita-pratyaya bhI hote haiM, jo prAya: pA~ca prakAra ke haiM : apatyArthaka, samUhArthaka, bhavArthaka, svArthika, matubarthaka aura anekArthaka / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM prAyaH ukta sabhI taddhita-pratyaya upalabdha hote haiN| pratyeka varga se do-eka udAharaNa draSTavya : HHHHHHHHHHHI

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 519 apatyArthaka aura samUhArthaka : samUha yA sambandha aura apatyArthaka batAne ke lie 'iya', 'aN' aura 'ijja' pratyaya jor3e jAte haiM : soyariya (zUkara se sambaddha zaukarika, pR.74), vAsudevo (vasudeva ke putra vAsudeva : kRSNa, pR. 84); kokkAsa (kukkasa se sambaddha, pR. 62-63); soriya (zauripura se sambaddha zaurika rasavaNik, pR. 368), caMpejja (campA se sambaddha yA campA kA rahanevAlA : cAmpeya, pR.69); kosijja (kozoM ke sUtra - samUha ke nirmita kauzeya, pR. 218) Adi / isI krama meM 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prayukta lAghava, ajjava, maddava, vANijja, pADihera Adi zabda bhI draSTavya haiM / bhavArthaka : 'ima', 'illa', 'ijja', 'iya', 'ika', 'ka' Adi pratyaya bhavArthaka hote haiM : uvarima (upari bhavaM uparitanaM; uvari + ima, pR. 333), puracchima yA puratthima (purA bhavaM yA puraH bhavaM paurastyaM; puraccha yA purattha + ima, pR. 261), vacchilla (vatse bhavaM vatsilaM; vaccha + illa : vacchilla nAma kA rAjA bhI, pR.348); uttarilla (uttare bhavaM uttarillaM, uttara + illa, pR. 336); isI krama meM antarima, puvvilla, saMvacchariya, soppAraya, Agamiya, Nayarijja vAtiga, vANiyaa Adi 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prayukta taddhita-pratyayAnta zabda draSTavya haiN| svArthika: svArthasUcaka taddhita - pratyayoM meM bhI 'ijja', 'illa', 'iya', 'ima', 'metta' 'ka' Adi parigaNanIya haiM : sayaNijja (pR.64); chejja (pR.58); khajja, bhojja, pejja (pR.64); goTThiya (pR.28); gomaMDaliya (pR.297); neraiya (pR. 114); bhAgadhejja (pR.65); dhammilla (pR.27); tavamollakIyaM (pR.26), mAulaga (pR.115 ); attao (pR.49); viNAyao (pR. 51 ); haelliya (pR. 56), sAgaDia (pR.57); vayaNIyaya (pR.80); mahattaragA (pR. 108); jAyamettao (pR. 83); meM dullagaM (pR. 94); muhuttagaM (pR.95); Adi zabda-prayoga isake udAharaNa haiM / jJAtavya hai ki svArthika pratyayoM ke rUpa bahuta vyApaka hote haiM aura inakI vividhatA bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bahuzaH prApya hai / matubarthaka : saMskRta meM jo artha matup yA vatup pratyaya ke dvArA vyakta kiyA jAtA hai, use arddhamAgadhI meM, 'manta', 'illa' Adi pratyayoM se / 'manta' pratyaya jor3ate samaya manta ke ma ke sthAna para 'va' kA vaikalpika prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prayukta katipaya matubarthaka zabda draSTavya haiM : bhayavayA (pR.5), bhayavaM (pR.3); kaNNvaMtANaM (pR. 343); sIlavaM < zIlavAn (pR.25); tattilla< tRptivAn (pR.31); daDhappahArI < dRDhaprahAravAn (pR.36); jaMbavaMto < jAmbavAn (pR.79); mahAtapassI< mahAtapovAn (pR.117); himavaMta < himavAn (pR.122); paramarUvavatI (strI) < paramarUpavatI (pR.126), vaNNamaMtaM (pR.352); bhayavaMto (pR.348); vibhavavaMto (pR.221); hiraNNamatI < hiraNyavatI (pR. 178), viulohinANI - vipulAvadhijJAnavAn (pR.223) Adi-Adi / daDhappahArI < dRDhapraharI, mahAtapassI < mahAtapasvI, viulohinANI < vipulAvadhijJAnI Adi jaise zabda to taddhita ke saMskRta in- pratyayAnta zabdoM ke hI samAnAntara haiM / < anekArthakaH vibhinna taddhita pratyayoM se bane katipaya zabda yahA~ draSTavya haiM : koTTuki (pR. 111); jasabhAgI (pR.25); kappAkappavihiNNU (pR.25), veyAvaccaM (pR. 25); paricchAkosallaM (pR.4); micchattaM - mithyAtvaM (pR. 8), sukkilA- zuklila (pR. 8); pattala < patrala (pR. 1); buDuttaNa- vRddhatva (pR.17); uDayatthI< uTajArthI (pR.18), vaMtAsI < vAntAzI (pR. 23); pAsaNiya< prAznika (sAkSI yA madhyastha, pR. 28), bhAgIrahI (pR. 305), ekkataraM (pR. 136), khoma - kSauma (pR. 144), pAheyaM < pAtheyaM (pR. 148), dhaNNA, maMgallA - (pR. 159), mAyAvI (pR. 14), AhituMDika (pR. 254); kevalI (pR.255), mahAduvArio (pR. 289); nADaijjA (pR. 281), nemittI (pR. 199) Adi -Adi /

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520 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___'vasudevahiNDI' meM kRdanta-pratyayoM se niSpanna zabdoM kA bhI prayoga-prAcurya upalabdha hotA hai| 'zat' aura 'zAnac' evaM 'kta' pratyayamUlaka zabdoM kA to bhUyiSTha prayoga huA hai| zatR aura zAnac pratyayoM ke kucha udAharaNa : udikkhamANI (pR.14), pasaMsijjamANo(pR.16), sIyamANo (pR.22), dIsamANo (pR.23), kareMtassa (pR.37); uccharaMto (pR.45), AsAseMto (pR.55), hammamANo (pR.88), kuNaMtA (pR.88), veramaNusaraMto (pR.91), apassamANo (pa, 139), passamANI (pR.141), jANaMtI (pR.141), harateNa (pR.145), kuNamANI (155), parihAyamANa (pR.171, thuNaMtA (pR.185), vikkosamANaM, palAyamANaM (pR.221); vivayamANaM (pR.325); parisiccamANA (pR.328) aadi-aadi| 'kta' pratyayAnta zabda to pade-pade prayukta haiN| kRdanta-pratyayoM meM ktvA (ttA), tumuNa (UNa, tUNa), lyap (ya), tavya (avva), anIya (ijja) Adi pratyayoM se niSpanna zabdoM kI bhI pracuratA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApta hotI hai| isa prasaMga meM Adejja, mANaNijja, vaMdittA, gaMtUNa, Aruhiya, dAyavva Adi isa prakAra ke pratyayavAle zabda draSTavya haiN| inake atirikta bhAvArthaka, karmArthaka, vikArArthaka, sambandhArthaka pratyayoM ke prayogoM kI bhUyiSThatA bhI uparyukta vargIkRta udAharaNoM meM parilakSaNIya haiM / isa krama meM tikkhutto, doccaM, veyAvaccaM, rayayamayaM, cautthaM, kayaro, kuMbhaggazo, telokkaM, kouhallaM Adi jaise prayoga udAharttavya haiN| kathAkAra ne 'tumuN' pratyayAtmaka zabdoM meM to bilakula saMskRta zabdoM kA hI yathAvat prayoga kiyA hai| do-eka udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : bhottuM (pR. 24); AhetuM (pR. 48); gaMtuM (pR. 54) aadi| nizcaya hI, "vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASika pravRtti kA adhyayana pRthak prabandha kA viSaya hai| yahA~ sthAlIpulAkanyAya se hI yatkiMcit nidarzana prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isa prakAra, yathAprastuta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM saMskRtayoni arddhamAgadhI yA ArSa prAkRta kI bhASikI pravRtti kA hI vaividhya aura bAhulya hai| isa sandarbha meM jJAtavya hai ki prAcIna AgamoM kI ArSa prAkRta yA arddhamAgadhI arvAcIna bhASAzAstra yA vyAkaraNa ke anuzAsana kI dRSTi se khUba kharI nahIM utrtii| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA bhI Agamika ArSa prAkRta ke prabhAva aura vaiziSTya se saMvalita hai, isalie isake bhASika prayoga-vaicitrya ko ArSa yA Agamika prayoga mAnanA adhika saMgata hogaa| saMghadAsagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI ArSa prAkRta bhASA meM saMskRta kA mizraNa bhI sahaja hI sambhAvita hai; kyoMki kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki IsavI kI prathama zatI ke AsapAsa eka prakAra kI mizrita saMskRta kA pracAra ho rahA thA, jisakA svarUpa utkala ke cakravartI jaina rAjA khAravela ke hAthIgumphA-abhilekha (I.pU. prathama zatI) meM upalabdha hotA hai| isa abhilekha kI prAkRta meM 'Na' kI jagaha 'na' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI kI bhASA ukta lekha kI bhASA ke uttaravartI vikasita rUpa kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| khAravela ke do lekha tulanA ke lie udAharttavya hai : 1. namo arahaMtAnaM (1) namo sava-sidhAnaM (1) aireNa mahArAjena mahAmeghavAhanena ceti-rAja-va (.) sa-vadhanena pasatha-subha-lakhanena caturaMta-luTha(Na)-guNa-upitena kaliMgAdhipatinA sirikhaarvelen| 2. kaparUkhe haya-gaja-ratha-saha yati sava-gharAvAsa... sava-gahaNaM ca kArayituM brahmaNAnaM ja (ya)-parihAraM dadAti (1) arahata.... (navame ca vase) ... / ' 1.vizeSa dra. DaoN. vAsudeva upAdhyAya : 'prAcIna bhAratIya lekhoM kA adhyayana' : mUlalekha : pR. 26

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 521 isase spaSTa hai ki khAravela-paravartI 'vasudevahiNDI' ke racanAkAla meM bhI saMskRta kA prabhAva akSuNNa thaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA se kabhI-kabhI to aisA bhI pratIta hotA hai, jaise saMghadAsagaNI kA mUla cintana saMskRta-bhASA se prAkRta-bhASA meM anuvartita hokara lipibaddha huA hai| (kha) sAhityika tattva Agamottara kathA-sAhitya ke sAMgopAMga vikAsa kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kA pAryantika mahattva hai / antaHsAkSya ke anusAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' eka aisA carita-grantha hai, jisameM adbhuta, zRMgAra aura hAsyarasabahula AkhyAna upanyasta hue haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne kathA ke vyAja se 'carita' kI prAmANika paribhASA hI upasthita kara dI hai| dasaveM puNDrAlambha ke Arambha kI kathA hai ki jayapura-pravAsakAla meM eka dina vasudeva ne apane sAle aMzumAn se kahA ki kumAra ! hama aba koI apUrva janapada dekheN| aMzumAn bolA: "Aryaputra ! aisA hI ho| yahIM samIpa meM malaya nAma kA deza hai| vahA~ lalitakalA-premI jana rahate haiM aura vaha deza upavanoM aura kAnanoM kI zrI-suSamA se sampanna hai| hama vahIM caleM, agara ApakA dezATana kA hI abhiprAya hai|" isake bAda ve donoM vinA kisI ko sUcanA diye, ulTe-Ter3he rAste se, mAthA Dhake hue nikala gaye aura kucha dUra jAne para phira sIdhe rAste se cle| vasudeva ko thakA huA jAnakara aMzumAn bolA: 'Aryaputra' ! maiM Apako apane kandhe para le calatA hU~ yA Apa mujhe apane kandhe para le cleN| 'vasudeva ne socA' : 'mujha thake hue ko aMzumAn kyoM DhoyegA? yaha to svayaM sukumAra rAjakumAra hai, mere lie rakSaNIya aura Azrita hai| isalie, maiM hI ise Dho le calatA hU~ / ' yaha socakara unhoMne usase kahA : 'kumAra ! tumhIM mere kandhe para car3ha jAo, maiM Dho le calatA huuN|' aMzumAn ne ha~sate hue kahA : Aryaputra ! rAstA calane ke krama meM isa taraha nahIM DhoyA jAtA hai / jo mArgazrAnta vyakti ke lie anukUla kahAnI kahate hue calatA hai, sahI mAnI meM vahI use Dhokara le calane kA kAma karatA hai|' vasudeva ne kahA : 'agara aisI hI bAta hai, to kahAnI kahane meM tumhIM kuzala ho, apanI pasanda kI koI kahAnI kaho' ('kahehi tAva tumaM ceva kusalo si jaM te abhiruiyaM ti; pR. 208) / kathA ke vividha rUpa : aMzumAn kahane lagA : "Aryaputra ! kathA do prakAra kI hai : caritA (satyakathA) aura klpitaa| inameM caritA do prakAra kI hai : strI yA puruSa kI kathA tathA dharma-artha-kAma ke prayojana se sambaddha kthaa| dRSTa, zruta aura anubhUta kathA ko 'carita' kahate haiM aura jo viparyayayukta kuzala vyaktiyoM dvArA kathitapUrva tathA apanI mati se jor3I gaI kathA hotI hai, use 'kalpita' kahate haiN| (phira, yaha bhI jAna leM ki) puruSa aura strI tIna prakAra ke haiM : uttama, madhyama aura nikRSTa / inake carita bhI tIna prakAra ke haiN|" isa prakAra, kathA ke bhedoM ko kahakara aMzumAn adbhuta, zRMgAra aura hAsyarasabahula carita aura kalpita kathAoM ko kahane lgaa| phalataH kathA ke vyAja se, thakAvaTa mahasUsa kiye vinA, ve donoM bahuta dUra nikala gye|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prastuta isa kathAprasaMga se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA-vidhA ke sandarbha meM yaha spaSTa dhAraNA banatI hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathA carita - pradhAna hai, jisameM aise strI-puruSoM kathA kahI gaI hai, jo nirantara dharma, artha aura kAma ke prayojana kI siddhi ke lie prayatnazIla haiN| isake atirikta, yaha bhI ki isake strI aura puruSa - pAtra uttama, madhyama aura nikRSTa tInoM koTi ke haiN| kathAkAra ne isa caritakathA ko pratyakSa dekhI huI ghaTanAoM, zAstra dvArA arjita jAnakAriyoM evaM svayaM anubhava kI gaI bAtoM yA svayaM bhogI gaI yathArthatAoM ke AdhAra para racA hai / yaha 'vasudevahiNDI' na kevala carita-kathA hai, apitu, kalpita kathA bhI hai| isalie, isameM kuzala vyaktiyoM dvArA kathitapUrva kathAoM ko viparyaya, arthAt tor3a-maror3a yA ulaTa-phera ke sAtha upasthApita kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI kathAkAra ne isameM apanI mati se bhI kucha kathAe~ jor3a dI haiN| isa prakAra, carita aura kalpanA- pradhAna isa mahAkathAgrantha ke AkhyAnoM meM adbhuta, zRMgAra aura hAsyarasa ke bAhulya kA vipula viniyoga huA hai, athavA aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa kathAkRti meM pratipAdita zRMgAra aura hAsyarasa atizaya adbhuta haiN| kula milAkara, isa grantha kI kathAvastu meM rasocchalita bhAvoM kI hRdayAvarjaka abhivyaMjanA huI hai| aise hI gadyamaya kathAgranthoM ke lie mahApAtra vizvanAtha-kRta kathAlakSaNa saMgata hotA hai : kathAyAM sarasaM vastu gadyaireva vinirmitam / ' kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM kI sarasatA hI unake 'yatparo nAsti' vaiziSTya kA paricAyaka tatva hai| 522 'vasudevahiNDI' meM jisa prakAra aneka prAkRtoM kA saMgama huA hai, usI prakAra kathAoM ke vividha bhedoM kA bhI samAhAra upalabdha hotA hai / 'sthAnAMga' (4,246) meM kathA ke cAra bheda ka gaye haiM: AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI (saMvejanI) aura nirvedanI / punaH ina cAroM prakAra kI kathAoM ke cAra-cAra bheda aura lakSaNa kahe gaye haiN| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI kathAoM ke varNya viSaya ko isI Agamika kathA- siddhAntoM ke pariprekSya meM pallavita kiyA hai| tadanusAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM jJAna aura cAritrya ke prati AkarSaNa utpanna karanevalI AkSepaNI kathAe~ bhI parigumphita huI haiM, to sanmArga kI sthApanA karanevAlI vikSepaNI kathAe~ bhI samAviSTa kI gaI haiM / isI prakAra, isa kathAgrantha meM jIvana kI nazvaratA aura duHkhabahulatA tathA zarIra kI azucitA dikhAkara vairAgya utpanna karanevAlI saMvedanI kathAe~ bhI AI haiM, to kRta karmoM ke zubhAzubha phala dikhalAkara saMsAra ke prati udAsIna banAnevAlI nirvedanI kathAoM kA bhI vinyAsa huA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kucha aisI AcArAkSepaNI kathAe~ haiM, jinameM AcAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, to kucha vyavahArAkSepaNI kathAe~ bhI haiM, jinake dvArA vyavahAra yA prAyazcitta kA nirUpaNa huA hai / punaH kucha prajJaptyAkSepaNI kathAoM kA viniyoga huA hai, jinameM saMzayagrasta zrotAoM ke saMzaya kA nivAraNa kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI dRSTivAdAkSepaNI kathAe~ bhI kahI gaI haiM, jinameM zrotA kI yogyatA ke anusAra vividha nayadRSTiyoM se tattva-nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vikSepaNI kathAoM ke mAdhyama se apane siddhAnta ke pratipAdana ke sAtha hI dUsare ke siddhAntoM kA bhI pratipAdana huA hai, punaH dUsare ke siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana ke sAtha hI apane siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isI prakAra, samyagvAda aura mithyAvAda ke pratipAdanapUrvaka anta meM samyagvAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| 1. sAhityadarpaNa : 6. 332 2. sthAnAMga : 4. 247 - 250

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva isa mahatkathAkRti meM saMvedanI kathAoM ke antargata, manuSya-jIvana kI asAratA dikhAne vAlI ihaloka-saMvedanI kathAe~ vinyasta huI haiM, to deva, tiryak Adi ke janmoM kI mohamayatA tathA duHkhAtmakatA ko nirdiSTa karanevAlI lokasaMvedanI kathAoM kA bhI pracuratA se ullekha huA hai / punaH apane zarIra kI azucitA kA pratipAdana karevAlI AtmazarIra-saMvedanI evaM dUsare ke zarIra kI azucitA kI pratipAdikA parazarIra-saMvedanI kathAoM kA prAcurya bhI isa kathAgrantha meM upalabdha hotA hai| nirvedanI kathAoM ke prasaMga meM, ihaloka meM kiye gaye duSkarma aura sukarma ke isI loka meM duSphala aura suphala denevAlI kathAoM kA Akalana huA hai, to paraloka ke duSkRta aura sukRta ke duSphala aura suphala denevAlI kathAe~ bhI nibaddha huI haiN| 523 kathA ke atirikta, vikathAoM kA bhI ullekha 'sthAnAMga ' ( 4.241 - 245) meM huA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne tadanusAra vikathAoM kA bhI nibandhana apane mahAn kathAgrantha 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kiyA hai| ye vikathAe~ mukhyataH cAra prakAra kI haiM : strIkathA, dezakathA, bhaktakathA aura rAjakathA / strIkathA ke antargata, mahAn kathAvid ne striyoM kI jAti, kula, rUpa aura vezabhUSA kI kathA kahI hai / bhaktakathA ke prasaMga meM, usane vibhinna prakAra kI bhojya-sAmagrI se sambaddha AvApa aura nirvApa kathAoM kA pallavana kiyA hai, to dhana kI iyattA se sambaddha Arambha aura niSThAna-kathAoM kI bhI bhUyiSTha racanA kI hai| kathAkAra ne dezakathA ke sandarbha meM vibhinna dezoM meM pracalita bhojana Adi banAne ke prakAroM tathA vahA~ ke vidhi-niyamoM kI carcAmUlaka dezavidhi - kathAoM kA prastavana kiyA hai, to vibhinna dezoM meM upajanevAle annoM aura vastuoM kA nirdeza karanevAlI dezavikalpakathAoM ko vistAra diyA hai| isI prakAra usane vibhinna dezoM ke vivAha Adi rIti-rivAjoM se sambaddha dezacchanda-kathAoM kA varNana kiyA hai, to vibhinna dezoM ke pahanAve - or3hAve se sambaddha dezanepathya-kathAoM kA vidhAna bhI isa kathAgrantha meM huA hai| punaH rAjakathA ke pariveza meM rAjAoM ke nagara - praveza, nagara- niSkramaNa, rAjAoM ke sainya vAhana tathA koza aura koSThAgAra kI kathAoM kA bhI vipula varNana huA hai / 'sthAnAMga' (7.80) meM varNita vikathAoM ke anya tIna bhedoM-- mRdukAruNikI, darzana bhedinI tathA caritabhedinI ko bhI saMghadAsagaNI ne apane kathAgrantha meM sameTA hai / Agamika siddhAnta ke anusAra hI kathAkAra ne viyogajanita karuNarasapradhAna yA mRdukAruNikI vArttAvAlI kathAe~ kahIM haiM, to caritra aura viveka yA samyagdarzana ko vinaSTa karanevAlI caritrabhedinI aura darzanabhedinI kathAoM ko bhI apane kalpanA - vaiziSTya ke sAtha Akalita kiyA hai| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' kathAoM aura vikathAoM kA vizAla saMgraha bana gayA hai, sAtha hI yaha kathA - sAhitya meM prAyaH acarcita sUkSma kathAbhedoM yA kathAvidhAoM ke tAttvika vivecana ke navIna AyAmoM kA upasthApaka bhI ho gayA hai| 'dazavaikAlikasUtra' meM prakArAntara yA saMjJAntara se 'sthAnAMga' meM ullikhita kathAbhedoM (akathA, kathA aura vikathA) kI hI AvRtti huI haiN|' isI sUtra ke anusAra, kathA ke anya cAra bheda bhI saMketita haiM : arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA aura mizrakathA / mizrakathA ko hI paravarttI jaina racanAkAroM, jaise AcArya haribhadrasUri ('samarAiccakahA), jinasena ('mahApurANa), udyotanasUri ('kuvalayamAlA) Adi ne saMkIrNa kathA kahA hai| 'sthAnAMga' - varNita kathA hI dharmakathA hai aura vikathA meM arthakathA 2 1. DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI : 'prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' : pR. 443-444 2. uparivat /

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524 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA aura kAmakathA donoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne arthakathA aura kAmakathA kA udAttIkaraNa dharmakathA meM pradarzita kiyA hai| artha aura kAma ke pUrNa upabhoga ke bAda Asaktirahita dharmAcaraNa hI saphala lokayAtrA kA paricAyaka tattva hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvArA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM upasthApita arthakathA, kAmakathA aura dharmakathA ke sAtha hI tInoM ke mizrita rUpa mizrakathAe~ bhI raMjakatA, rocakatA aura ruciratA kI dRSTi se apanA viziSTa mUlya rakhatI haiM, phira bhI kAmakathAoM meM indriyaraMjaka ullAsa kA tato'dhika mohaka aura uttejaka sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI kAmakathAoM dvArA 'trikAlavarNanIya' rUpa-saundarya ke atirikta, sAmAjika yauna samasyAoM ko bhI aneka kalAvareNya AyAmoM meM upasthApita kiyA hai| kAma mAnava kI sahaja pravRtti hai aura yaha pravRtti mAnava-samAja kI Adima avasthA, jainadRSTi se sRSTi ke AdikAla kI mithuna-paramparA ke yuga se hI kAma karatI A rahI hai| mAnava-hRdaya meM svabhAvataH jAgarita honevAle kAma aura prema kA anyonyAzraya sambandha hai / mUlataH zarIra hI kAma aura prema kI Adi- bhUmi hai|' yahI prema aura kAma jaba zarIra se Upara uThakara azarIrI ho jAte haiM, taba manuSya rAga-dveSa se mukta hokara mokSadharmI banatA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kAmakathAoM meM hI premakathAoM kA antarbhAva ho gayA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne premI aura premikA ke utkaTa prema, unake paraspara milana meM utpanna bAdhAe~, milana ke lie nAnA prakAra ke prayala tathA anta meM unake madhura milana kA varNana bar3I rocakatA se upanyasta kiyA hai| isI krama meM unhoMne pUrNa saundarya ke varNana ke nimitta premikA ke zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMgakeza, mukha, bhAla, kAna, bhauMha, A~kha, citavana, payodhara, kapola, vakSaHsthala, nAbhi, jaghana, jaMghA, nitamba Adi kA manohArI citra aMkita kiye haiM sAtha hI vasana-AbhUSaNa, sajjA-zRMgAra Adi ke bhI rasaghaniSTha varNana upanyasta kiyA hai / isa sandarbha meM kathAkAra kI saundaryAnubhUti, kalpanA kI utkRSTatA tathA bimboM, pratIkoM aura upamAnoM kI udAttatA se saMvalita varNana-camatkAra apanI vividhatA, vicitratA aura advitIyatA ke sAtha udbhAvita huA hai| 'kuvalayamAlA' (anuccheda 7) ke racayitA udyotanasUri ke kathA-siddhAnta ke anusAra bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kathAoM ke pA~coM bhedoM (sakalakathA, khaNDakathA, ullApakathA, parihAsakathA evaM saMkIrNakathA) kA samAhAra upalabdha hotA hai| sakalakathA ke lakSaNa ke AsaMga meM dekheM, to spaSTa hogA ki vasudeva kI abhISTa-prApti-mUlaka ghaTanAoM kA vipula viniyoga 'vasudevahiNDI' meM huA hai| vasudeva ke vyaktitva meM vIra rasa kA prAdhAnya hai, kintu usake aMga-rUpa meM prAyaH sabhI prakAra ke rasoM kA samanvaya upalabdha hotA hai| nAyaka kI dRSTi se bhI vasudeva kA carita atizaya puNyAtmA, sahanazIla aura AdarzopasthApaka hai| vasudeva jaise zalAkApuruSa nAyaka ke jIvana meM mAnasavega, aMgAraka, hepphaga Adi pratinAyaka apane kaSTadAyaka kriyAkalApa se nirantara saMgharSa upasthita karate rahate haiN| janma-janmAntara ke saMskAroM se to 'vasudevahiNDI' ke prAyaH sabhI pAtra prabhAvita haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke mukhya itivRtta ke sAtha-sAtha khaNDakathAe~ bhI anusyUta haiM, aura phira isameM varNita cArudatta ke samudra-santaraNa aura usI krama meM zaMkupatha, ajapatha aura vetrapathaM kI kaThina yAtrA 1.(ka) deha prema kI janmabhUmi hai'; 'urvazI' : DaoN. rAmadhArI siMha dinakara; prakAzaka : udayAcala, rAjendranagara, paTanA-16; saMskaraNa : san 1989 I. aMka 3 : pR. 47 . (kha) prANera paraza cAya gAyera paraza- ravIndranAtha Taigora

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 525 Adi jaisI ullApa yA sAhasika kathAoM kA bhI saghana parigumphana huA hai, jinake dvArA vibhinna pAtroM ke sAhasapUrNa aura durghaTa kAryoM kI vyAkhyA bhI upanyasta kI gaI hai| aise avasaroM para kathAkAra ne mAdhuryavyaMjaka vaidarbhI zailI apanAkara lalita-laghu padazayyA meM kathA kI racanA kI hai| zAmba, pradyumna, bhAnu aura subhauma kI kathA meM to vyaMgya aura parihAsa kA pUrNa paripAka upalabdha hotA hai| mizra yA saMkIrNa kathAoM kI zailI bhI vaidarbhI hI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI saMkIrNakathAe~ romAMsabahula hone ke kAraNa, janamAnasa ko tato'dhika anuraMjita karane kI kSamatA se sampanna haiN| isa prakAra, vibhinna kathA-siddhAntoM kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' apanA pAryantika mahattva to rakhatI hI hai, prAkRta kathA-sAhitya ke vikAsa kA Adigrantha hone kI garimA kA bhI saMvahana karatI hai| kula milAkara, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mUlakathA, dhanaMjaya ke zabdoM meM 'netRrasAnuguNyA' (dazarUpaka : 1. 68) to hai hI, usakI avAntara yA khaNDakathAe~ bhI tadvat haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'vasadevahiNDI' kI malakathA ke vikAsa ke lie jitanI khaNDakathAe~ jor3I haiM, unakI saMjJAe~ bhI vibhinna rUpoM meM rakhI haiN| ye saMjJAe~ isa prakAra haiM : kahANaya (kathAnaka), kahA (kathA), saMbaMdha (sambandha), yA kahAsaMbaMdha (kathAsambandha), diTuMta (dRSTAnta), NAya (jJAta), udaMta (udanta), akkhANaya (AkhyAnaka), paricaya, cariya (carita), pasaMga (prasaMga), appakahA yA attakahA (AtmakathA), AharaNa (AharaNa) aura udAharaNa (udaahrnn)| ye sabhI saMjJAe~ prAya: eka dUsare kI paryAyavAcI haiM, phira bhI kathA kI prakRti kI dRSTi se inameM sUkSma bheda lakSaNIya haiN| isalie, khaNDakathAoM ko vibhinna saMjJAoM ke sAtha upanyasta karane meM kathAkAra kA viziSTa uddezya parilakSita hotA hai| anyathA vaha sabhI upakathAoM kI saMjJAe~ eka hI rkhte| avazya hI, ina sabhI saMjJAoM se tatkAlIna kathAoM ke cAritrika vikAsa kI bahumukhatA kI sUcanA milatI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne apane mahAgrantha meM do khaNDakathAoM kA 'kathAnaka' zabda se nirdeza kiyA hai| ve haiM : 'vizeSapariNNAe ibbhaputtakahANayaM' (pR. 4 : paM. 11) tathA 'egabhavammi vi saMbaMdhavicittayAe kuberadatta-kuberadattA-kahANayaM' (10.27) / ina kathAnaka-saMjJaka donoM khaNDakathAoM meM do gaNikAoM kI kathAe~ gumphita kI gaI haiM, jinakI pariNati dharmakathA meM huI hai| pahalI khaNDakathA meM eka ibhyaputra ke, aisI gaNikA ke sAtha prasaMga kI kathA hai, jo apane grAhakoM ko vidA karate samaya smRticihna-svarUpa apanA koI AbhUSaNa upahAra meM detI thii| ibhyaputra bhI jaba usa gaNikA ke ghara se vidA hone lagA, taba gaNikA ne usase koI AbhUSaNa lene kA Agraha kiyaa| vaNikputra ratnaparIkSAkuzala thaa| usane gaNikA se usakA paMcaratnamaNDita sone kA mUlyavAn pAdapITha maaNgaa| kathAkAra ne isa kathA ke upasaMhAra meM kahA hai ki gaNikA dharmazruti kA pratIka thI aura usake yahA~ AnevAle rAjA, amAtya aura vaNikoM ke putra sukha bhoganevAle deva aura manuSya jaise prANiyoM ke pratIka the| gaNikA ke AbharaNa dezavirati-sahita tapazcaryA ke pratIka the| vaNikputra mokSAbhilASI puruSa kA pratIka thaa| vaNikputra kI ratnaparIkSAkuzalatA samyagjJAna kA aura rala-pAdapITha samyagdarzana kA pratIka thaa| isI prakAra ratna pA~ca mahAvratoM ke pratIka the aura ratla-viniyoga nirvANasukha-lAbha kA pratIka thaa| yaha kathAnaka saMsAra-virakta jambUsvAmI ke apane mAtA-pitA ke sAtha honevAle saMvAda ke avasara para upanyasta huA hai, jisakA Azaya hai ki viSayabhogabahula saMsAra meM 1. mAdhuryavyaMjakairvaNaiH racanA llitaatmikaa| avRttiralpavattirvA vaidarbhI rItiriSyate ||-saahitydrpnn :9.2

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526 vasudevahiNDI : ' : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA mokSAkAMkSI puruSa hI samyagdarzana prApta karake isa saMsAra se alaga ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra, isa kathAnaka meM pratIka-prayoga kA sundara aura vyaMjaka udAharaNa prastuta huA hai / dUsarI khaNDakathA (kathAnaka) eka bhava meM hI sambandha kI vicitratA ke pratipAdana ke nimitta upanyasta huI hai| isameM bhI kuberasenA nAma kI gaNikA kI kathA kA parigumphana huA hai, jisameM gaNikA dvArA parityakta usake beTe aura beTI kA ajJAta paristhiti meM Apasa meM vivAha ho jAtA hai / kuberadattA ko usI samaya avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai. aura vaha virakta hokara bhikSuNI bana jAtI hai, kintu kuberadatta punaH apanI mAtA kuberasenA gaNikA ke ghara Akara usake sAtha bhogalipta hokara eka putra ko janma detA hai / punaH kuberadattA dvArA vastusthiti kA jJAna karAne para kuberadatta virakta ho uThatA hai aura tapasyA dvArA apane zarIra kA kSaya karake devatva ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra ukta donoM kathAnakoM kA kAmakathA se dharmakathA meM udAttIkaraNa huA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra ne ukta prakAra kI kathAoM ko kathAnaka - koTi meM vargIkRta kiyA hai, jo Agamika kathA-siddhAnta ke anusAra 'vikathA' hai / kathAkAra ne 'vasudevahiNDI' kI sAta upakathAoM ko 'kathA' zabda se nirdezita kiyA hai / inameM pahalI kathA ('dullahAe dhammapattIe mittANaM kahA' : 4.29) jambU ke mAtA-pitA ke sAtha saMvAda ke krama meM hI kahI gaI hai, jisameM kucha yuvA mitroM ne eka tIrthaMkara ke darzana karane aura pravacana sunane ke bAda samavasaraNa meM hI pravrajita hokara unase durlabha dharma prApta kiyA / yaha kahAnI sunAkara jambU ne apane mAtA-pitA se kahA : yadi maiM bhI saMsAra se jaldI vimukha nahIM hoU~gA, to mujhe durlabha dharma kI prApti kaise hogI / dUsarI kathA ('iMdiya-visayapasattIe nihaNovagayavAnarakahA ' : 6.5) bhI ukta prasaMga meM hI AI hai| kathA hai ki eka jaMgala meM bandaroM kA rAjA ( jUhavaI = yUthapati) rahatA thaa| eka bAra kisI prauDha baliSTha bandara ne use parAjita kara diyA aura khader3akara bahuta dUra bhagA diyaa| bhAgate hue bandaroM ke yUthapati ne eka pahAr3a kI guphA meM zaraNa lii| guphA meM zilAjIta kA rasa baha rahA thA / bhUkha aura pyAsa se AkrAnta vaha bandara use pAnI samajhakara pIne lagA, para zilAjIta cipaka jAne se usakA mu~ha banda ho gyaa| use chur3Ane ke lie jaba vaha mu~ha para apane hAthoM ko le gayA, taba hAtha bhI cipaka gaye / anta meM, vaha asamartha hokara mara gayA / kathA ke upasaMhAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki indriya-viSayoM meM pha~sakara manuSya bandaroM ke yUthapati kI bhA~ti duHkhamaya mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai| tIsarI kathA ('pamattAe laddhamahisajammaNo mAhaNadArayassa kahA' : 22.7) jambU- prabhava-saMvAda prasaMga meM prastuta kI gaI hai| kathA hai ki viSaya-pramAdavaza mahiSa- janma ko prApta eka brAhmaNaputra ko kasAI ne kharIda liyA aura use DaNDe se pITatA huA le claa| mahiSa, yAnI pUrvabhava ke brAhmaNa-putra, kA pitA tapa karake devatA ho gayA thA / usane usa (mahiSa : putra) ko apanA divya rUpa dikhalAyA, jisase mahiSa ko, AvaraNIya ke kSayopazama se, jAtismaraNa ho aayaa| usane pitA ko pahacAna liyA aura vaha ekabAragI cillA uThA : 'pitAjI! mujhe bcaaie|' devarUpa pitA ne kasAI se kahA : 'ise mata piitto| yaha merA putra hai|' kasAI bolA : 'isane tumhArA kahanA na mAnakara gRhadharma (AgAravAsa) svIkAra kiyA thaa| isalie nahIM chodduuNgaa|' isake bAda mahiSa (brAhmaNaputra) ne jaba gRhadharma kA mArga tyAgane kI pratijJA kI, taba kasAI ne use chor3a diyaa| isake bAda mahiSa ne

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 527 bhakta-pratyAkhyAna karake dehatyAga kiyA aura saudharma kalpa meM deva ho gyaa| bAta yaha thI ki usa kasAI ko devarUpa brAhmaNa ne hI apanI mati se nirmita kara, putra ko dharmamArga para le Ane ke nimitta use usase utpIDita karAyA thA / aura, isa prakAra, pratibodhita karake pitA ne putra kA tiryaggati se uddhAra kiyA / cauthI kathA ( 'sakayakammavivAge koMkaNayabaMbhaNakahA : 29.17) dhammillacarita meM kahI gaI hai| isameM magadha- janapada ke palAzagrAma ke koMkaNaka nAmaka brAhmaNa kI kathA hai, jo apane karmavipAkavaza (zamIvRkSa ke nIce sthApita deva ko bakare kI bali car3hAne ke kAraNa) marane ke bAda svayaM vaha apane ghara meM hI bakare ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| kucha dinoM bAda koMkaNaka ke putra ne apane mRta pitA ko uddiSTakara bandhu bAndhavoM ko Amantrita kiyA aura devatA kI pUjA kii| usake bAda usakA putra (koMkaNaka kA pautra) apane ghara ke bakare (arthAt, apane pitAmaha) ke gale meM rassI bA~dhakara, beMbiyAte hue use vadha ke lie le claa| usI samaya per3a ke nIce vizrAma karate hue eka siddha sAdhu ne bakare se usake pUrvakRta pApa ke bAre me kaha sunAyA aura anta meM, koMkaNaka ke putra-pautra ko usa bakare ke pUrvabhava kA paricaya diyA / vastusthiti spaSTa hone para bakare ko mukta kara diyA gyaa| isa kathA kA sAra yahI hai ki svayaMkRta karma ke kAraNa hI manuSya isa saMsAra meM duHkha pAtA hai aura vaha sAdhu kI kRpA se hI jJAna prApta kara duHkhamukta ho sakatA hai 1 pA~cavIM kathA ( 'rAhugapuvvabhavakahA : 86 : 27) pIThikA - prakaraNa meM pradyumna ke pUrvabhava kI. kathA ke sambandha meM upanyasta kI gaI hai| isameM balAnmUka rAhuka ke vibhinna pUrvabhavoM kI vicitratA kI kathA kahI gaI hai| satya nAmaka satyavAdI sAdhu ke upadeza se hI use AtmasvIkRta gU~gepana chuTakArA milA / kathAkAra ne pUrvabhava kI siddhi ke krama meM isa kathA kA viniyoga kiyA hai| se chaThIM kathA ('paralogapaccae dhammaphalapaccae ya sumittAkahA' : 115. 22) ko zarIra - prakaraNa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| isameM bhI paraloka aura dharmaphala ke astitva kI siddhi ke lie vArANasI ke rAjA hatazatru kI putrI sumitrA ke bAlyabhAva meM hI pUrvajanma ke smaraNa ho Ane kA rocaka vRttAnta upanyasta kiyA gayA hai / sAtavIM kathA ('iccAimuNicaukkakahA' : 284.14) aTThArahaveM priyaMgusundarIlambha meM AI hai, jisameM eka muni ne ramaNIya grAma ke grAmasvAmI devadatta se sArasvata, Aditya, vahni aura varuNa nAmaka muniyoM ke brahmaloka se cyuta hokara dakSiNArddha bharata ke yathAkrama RSabhapura, siMhapura, cakrapura tathA gajapura nAmaka nagaroM meM Aditya, somavIrya, zatrUttama aura zatrudamana rAjAoM ke rUpa meM punarjanma grahaNa karane kI kathA kahI hai| yaha kathA bhI pUrvabhava aura parabhava ke sambandhoM kI vicitratA ko batAne ke uddezya se hI gumphita kI gaI hai| isa prakAra, uparivarNita sAtoM khaNDakathAe~ vizuddha dharmakathA kI koTi meM AtI haiM, isalie kathAkAra ne inheM 'kathA' kI saMjJA-pradAna kI hai| kathAkAra ne 'sambandha' yA 'kathAsambandha' - saMjJaka aneka kathAe~ upanyasta kI haiN| ye nimnAMkita rUpa meM prastuta haiM : pabhavasAmisaMbaMdho (7.11); pasannacaMda-vakkalacIrIsaMbaMdho (16.16), jaMbusAmipuvvabhavakahAe bhavadatta-bhavadevajammasaMbaMdho (20.19), sAgaradatta - sivakumAra - saMbaMdho (23.7), jiyasatturAyapuvvabhavasaMbaMdho (38.21); daDhadhammAimuNichakkasaMbaMdho (48.7); pajjuNNa-saMbakumArakahAsaMbaMdhI (77.4);

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana Ara saMskRti kA bRhatkathA aggibhUi-vAubhUipuvvabhavasaMbaMdho (86.12); rAhugabalAmUkakahAsaMbaMdho (86.21); aMdhagavaNhipuvvabhavasaMbaMdho (112.24); ibbhadArayadugakahAsaMbaMdho (116.18); mahAbala - sayaMbuddhapuvvajANaM kahAsaMbaMdho (169.15); sagarasaMbaMdho (185.24), nAraya-pavvayaga- vasUNaM saMbaMdho (189.27); paumasirasaMbaMdho (230.26), paumasiripuvvabhavasaMbaMdho (232.8), saNakumAracakkavaTTisaMbaMdho (233.15), subhomacakkavaTTisaMbaMdho (251.14); jamadaggiparasurAmAisaMbaMdho ( 235.20); vijjudADhavijjAharasaMbaMdho ( 251.24), saMjayaMtajayaMtANaM saMbaMdho (252.21), vijjudADhasaMjayaMtANaM puvvabhavio verasabaMdho (253.7), migaddhaya- bhaddagANaM puvvabhabasaMbaMdho tattha tiviTTu-AsaggIvANaM saMbaMdho (275.9), gaMgarakkhi asaMbaMdho (289.10); kAmapaDAgAsaMbaMdhI (293.9); sAmidattasaMbaMdho (294.13), isidattAeNiyaputtANaM kahAsaMbaMdhI (297.23), piyaMgusuMdarIpuvvabhavasaMbaMdho (306.1 ); saMtijiNapuvvabhavakahAe amiyateyabhavo sirivijayAINaM saMbaMdho ya ( 313.23), iMduseNa - biMduse -- saMbaMdha (321. 1); maNikuMDalIvijjAharasaMbaMdho (321.13); sumatirAyakaNNAsaMbaMdho (327.15); saMtimatIe ajiyaseNassa ya saMbaMdho tappuvvabhavo ya (330.22) aura iMdaseNAsaMbaMdhI (348.16) / 528 isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sambandha-saMjJaka kathAoM kI vividhatA aura bahulatA upalabdha hotI haiN| ye 'sambandha' - saMjJaka kathAe~ kathA aura vikathA, arthAt dharmakathA evaM kAmakathA, arthakathA tathA mizrakathA ke rUpoM meM vargIkRta kI jA sakatI haiN| 'sambandha' yA 'kathAsambandha' - saMjJaka ye sabhI kathAe~ apane nAma kI anvarthatA ke anusAra kahIM kathA ke pUrvApara-sambandha ko jor3ane ke lie prastuta kI gaI haiM, to kahIM mUlakathA ke prasaMga meM, kathA- vistAra ke nimitta, viniyojita huI haiN| kula milAkara, ina sabhI 'sambandha' saMjJA se saMvalita kathAoM kA saMgumphana vibhinna kathA - pAtroM aura pAtriyoM ke pUrvabhava aura parabhava ke paraspara sambandha aura unake kAryoM kI vicitratA ke pradarzana ke lie kiyA gayA hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne 'dRSTAnta' - saMjJaka kathAoM kA vinyAsa bhI apanI bRhatkathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kiyA hai| yathAvinyasta dRSTAnta-kathAe~ saMkhyA kI dRSTi se kula do hI haiM : 'visayasuhovamAe mahubiMdudiTThataM' (8.3) tathA 'dukkhe - suhakappaNAe viluttabhaMDassa vANiyagassa diTThataM ' (15.16) / 'dRSTAnta' kI zAbdika vyAkhyA ke anusAra, pariNAma ko pradarzita karevAlI kathAe~ hI 'dRSTAnta' (jisakA anta yA pariNAma dekhA gayA ho : dRSTaH anto yasyAH sA dRSTAntakathA) kI saMjJA prApta karatI haiN| mUlataH isa prakAra kI kathAe~ nItikathAe~ huA karatI haiN| viSaya-sukha meM lipta manuSya viSaya ke tAdAtvika sukha kI anubhUti meM hI apane jIvana kI sArthakatA kA anubhava karatA hai, usake bhAvI duHkhamaya pariNAma kA jJAna use kabhI nahIM rahatA hai / saMsArI manuSya bhaya-saMkaTa kI sthiti meM bhI apane ko ajJAnatAvaza nirbhaya samajhatA hai, vastutaH usakA sukha kevala eka prakAra kI kalpanA hI hotA hai / kathAkAra dvArA upanyasta madhubindu kA dRSTAnta zramaNa aura brAhmaNa-paramparA ke paravartI granthakAroM dvArA bahuza: AvRtta huA hai| kathA hai ki aneka dezoM aura nagaroM meM vicaraNa karanevAlA koI puruSa eka vyApArI ke sAtha jaMgala meM jA phuNcaa| vyApArI ko coroM ne mAra ddaalaa| vyApArI se bichar3A huA vaha puruSa dizA bhUlakara bhaTakane lagA / isI samaya use eka matavAle hAthI ne khdedd'aa| bhAgate hue usa puruSa ko ghAsa-phUsa se DhakA eka purAnA kuA~ dikhAI par3A / kue~ kI jagata para bahuta par3A baragada kA per3a jama gayA thA aura usakA baroha kue~ ke bhItara laTaka rahA thaa| bhayAkrAnta vaha puruSa kue~ meM, baroha

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 529 pakar3akara laTaka gyaa| kue~ meM use nigalane ko mu~ha bAye vizAlakAya ajagara par3A thaa| phira, kue~ meM cAroM ora bhayAnaka sarpa use Da~sane ko taiyAra the| Upara kAle-kAle do cUhe baroha ko kATa rahe the aura hAthI apanI sU~r3a se usake kezAgra ko chU rahA thA / usa per3a para madhumakkhI ke chatte meM Dhera sArA madhu thA / hAthI ke jhakajhorane yA havA se hilane para zahada kI kucha bU~deM usa puruSa ke mu~ha meM A TapakatI thIM, sAtha hI use bhaurai kATa khAne ko cAroM ora ma~DarA rahe the| isa prakAra, madhubindu ke AsvAda-sukha ke atirikta zeSa sArI bAteM usa puruSa ke lie duHkha kA kAraNa banI huI thIM / isa dRSTAnta kA upasaMhAra hai : madhu kA AkAMkSI puruSa saMsArI jIva hai| jaMgala janma, jarA, roga aura maraNa se vyApta saMsAra kA pratIka hai| banailA hAthI mRtyu kA pratIka hai aura kuA~ devabhava evaM manuSya-bhava kaa| ajagara naraka aura tiryak kA pratIka hai, to sarpa krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM kA pratIka hai, jo durgati kI ora le jAtA hai| baragada kA baroha jIvanakAla kA pratIka hai, to cUhe kRSNa-zuklapakSa ke pratIka haiM, jo rAta aura dina-rUpI dA~toM se jIvana ko kutarate hai; per3a karmabandhana ke kAraNabhUta ajJAna, avirati aura mithyAtva kA pratIka hai| madhubindu zabda, sparza, rasa, rUpa aura gandha jaise indriya-viSaya ke pratIka haiM tathA bhaure vibhinna Agantuka zArIrika roga haiM / dUsarI 'dRSTAnta' - kathA meM madhubindu ke lobhI puruSa kI bhA~ti, duHkha meM sukha kI kalpanA karanevAle eka viluptabhANDa baniye kI kathA upasthApita kI gaI hai| kathA hai ki eka baniyA eka karor3a kA bhANDa (mAla) gAr3iyoM meM bharakara vyApAriyoM ke sAtha ghora jaMgala meM praviSTa huA / usakA eka khaccara thA, jisapara sAmAnya lena-dena ke lie paise yA sikke lade the| jaMgala meM khaccara ke Ubar3a-khAbar3a rAste para calane ke jhaTake se borA phaTa gayA aura sikke girakara bikhara gaye / yaha dekhakara usane gAr3iyoM ko roka diyA aura vaha bikhare hue sikke khoja - khojakara baTorane lagA / sAtha calanevAle vyApArI jaba usake pAsa Aye, taba unhoMne usase kahA : 'gar3iyoM para mAla to haiM hI, kaur3I ke lie karor3a kyoM chor3a rahe ho ? kyA coroM kA bhaya nahIM hai ?' usa baniye ne kahA : 'jaba bhaviSya kA lAbha sandigdha hai, taba vartamAna ko kyoM choDUM ?' usake aisA kahane para zeSa vyApArI use chor3akara cale gaye aura idhara coroM ne usake sAre bhANDa (mAla) curA liye / isa prakAra, duHkhapariNAmI vartamAna sukha ko hI sukha mAnanevAle baniye ko apane eka karor3a ke mAla se hAtha dhonA par3A / isalie nIti yahI hai ki bhAvI sukha ke lie vartamAna meM duHkha uThAnA hI zreyaskara hai, anyathA vartamAna sukha sahI mAnI meM duHkha hai, aura varttamAna duHkha meM sukha kI kalpanA bhaviSya ke lie hAnikAraka hotI hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra dvArA upanyasta ukta donoM dRSTAnta-kathAe~ vizuddha rUpa se nItiparaka kathAe~ haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne 'NAya' yA 'jJAta' saMjJA se bhI kaI kathAe~ prastuta kI haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM 'NAya'-saMjJaka kula tIna kathAeM haiM: 'gabbhavAsadukkhe laliyaMgayaNAyaM' (9.4), 'daDhasIlayAe dhaNasirINAyaM' (49.25) aura 'sacchaMdayAe rivudamaNanaravaiNAyaM ' ( 61.24) / isa NAya yA jJAta-saMjJaka kathAoM kI gaNanA bhI 'vikathA' meM kI jA sakatI hai; kyoMki inakA sambandha bhI kAmakathA se jur3A huA hai / kathAkAra dvArA prastuta anta:sAkSya ke anusAra 'NAya'- saMjJaka kathAe~ 'dRSTAnta'- saMjJaka

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530 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kathAoM ke bheda haiN| 'laliyaMgayaNAya' ke upasaMhAra meM kathAkAra ne saMketa bhI kiyA hai : 'eyassa ditassa uvasaMhAro (10.7) / ' kathA hai ki vasantapura ke rAjA zatAyudha kI rAnI lalitA usI nagara ke eka kalAkuzala guNI sArthavAha - putra lalitAMgada para rIjha gii| rAnI kI dAsI pracchanna rUpa se lalitAMgada ko rAnI ke pAsa pahu~cAne lagI / antaHpura ke mahattarakoM se rAjA ko jaba isakI sUcanA milI, taba usane chAnabIna zurU kI / AtmarakSA ke lie lalitAMgada ko rAnI ke saNDAsa meM chipanA pdd'aa| vaha saNDAsa rAjadhAnI mukhya khAI se sambaddha thA / varSA Rtu Ane para saNDAsa meM jaba pAnI bhara gayA, taba usI ke pravAha meM bahakara vaha khAI ke kinAre jA lgaa| mUrcchita avasthA meM use usakI dhAI uThA le gaI, jahA~ vaha sevA-zuzrUSA ke bAda svastha huA / isa kathA ke upasaMhAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki lalitAMgada jIva kA pratIka hai| rAnI ke sAtha usakI bheMTa manuSya-janma kA pratIka hai| dAsI icchA kA aura rAnI ke ghara meM lalitAMgada kA praveza viSaya-prApti kA pratIka hai / lalitAMgada kI khoja karanevAle rAjapuruSa roga, zoka, bhaya, zIta aura tApa ke pratIka haiN| saNDAsa garbha kA pratIka hai| lalitAMgada ke saNDAsa meM rahate samaya rAnI use jo apane bhojana kA zeSa khAne ko detI thI, vaha, garbhasthita zizu ko garbhavatI mA~ ke dvArA khAye gaye anna ke dvArA milanevAle rasa kA pratIka hai| lalitAMgada kA khAI se nikalanA prasava - kAla aura dhAI, deha kA upagraha karanevAlI karmavipAka - prApti kA pratIka hai| kA, isI prakAra, dhanazrI kI kathA (NAya) meM dhanazrI para Asakta DiNDI (nagara ke ArakSI - padAdhikArI yA koI chailA) ko apane prANa se hAtha dhonA pdd'aa| dhanazrI ne hI use pahale yogamadya pilAkara behoza kara diyA, phira usI kI talavAra se hI usakI hatyA kara dii| tIsarI gAya - kathA meM varNana hai ki tAmralipti ke rAjA ripudamana svAcchandya yA durAgraha (yAnI, jabaradastI alpabhAravAhI yAna para rAjA ke apanI rAnI ko bhI sAtha lekara savAra ho jAne) ke kAraNa kokkAsa dvArA cAlita yAna yAntrika gar3abar3I se tosalI nagarI ke rAjA ke rAjya meM jAkara durghaTanAgrasta ho gyaa| usa yAna para savAra rAjA-rAnI donoM baca to gaye, lekina tosalInareza ne rAjA ko bandI banA liyA aura rAnI ko apane antaHpura meM rakha liyA / isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne ina tInoM jJAtakathAoM meM viSayAsakta manuSya kI durgati kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| lalitAMgada aura DiNDI yaunasukha kI Asakti rakhate the aura rAjA ripudamana apanI rAnI sAtha yAna-vihAra kI Asakti meM par3a gayA thaa| isa prakAra, ye tInoM 'jJAta' - saMjJaka kathAe~ vizuddha kAmakathAe~ haiM / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM 'udanta' - saMjJaka do kathAoM kA ullekha huA hai| prathama, kathotpatti-prakaraNa meM, 'atthaviNiogavirUvayAe gopadAragodaMtaM ' ( 53.6) tathA dvitIya, dhammillahiNDI meM, 'nAgariyachaliassa sAgaDiassa udaMtaM' (57.9) / prathama 'udanta' meM varNana hai ki aMga- janapada kI eka gopa-TolI ko coroM ne lUTa liyaa| lUTane ke krama meM ve eka prathamaprasUtA rUpavatI taruNI ko uThA le gaye aura use unhoMne campAnagara ke, gaNikA ke bAjAra meM beca diyaa| taruNI kA navajAtaputra jaba bar3A huA, taba ghI kA vyApAra karane ke krama meM vaha campAnagara phuNcaa| vahA~ usane gaNikA ke ghara meM taruNa puruSoM ko svacchanda krIr3A karate dekhA / usakI bhI kAmakrIDA karane kI icchA huI / vaha jaba gaNikA - gRha meM ghusA, taba vahA~ use apanI mA~ hI pasanda A gii| usane icchita zulka jamA kara diyA / sandhyA meM snAta-vibhUSita hokara jaba vaha apanI mA~ : gaNikA ke pAsa calA, tabhI

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 53.1 kRpApUrvaka eka devI ne bachar3e ke sAtha gAya kA rUpa dhAraNa karake usake sAmane apane ko prakaTa kiyA / gopadAraka, apane gande paira ko usa bachar3e para rakhakara poMchane lagA / usa bachar3e ne manuSyavANI meM gAya se pUchA : 'mA~, yaha kauna AdamI mujhapara apane gande paira ko rakhakara poMcha rahA hai ?' gAya ne kahA : 'beTe ! gussA mata kro| yaha abhAgA apanI mA~ ke pAsa akRtya karane jA rahA hai / phira, isake lie yaha kAma koI bar3I bAta nahIM hai|' yaha kahakara devI adRzya ho gaI / gopadAraka ne socA : merI mA~ ko cora hara le gaye the, jAne vahI kahIM gaNikA to nahIM ho gaI hai? usane jAkara apanI abhIpsita vezyA se vastusthiti kI jijJAsA kI, to jJAta huA sacamuca vaha vezyA usakI mA~ hI hai, jisane abhijJAnapUrvaka apanA paricaya prastuta kiyaa| isa prakAra, devI dvArA pratibodhita gopadAraka mAtRgamana ke akRtya se baca gayA / dUsarI 'udanta'- saMjJaka kathA meM eka nAgarika gandhiputra dvArA gAr3IvAna ke aura phira gAr3IvAna dvArA usa nAgarika ke chale jAne kA varNana huA hai| nAgarika ne vAkchala se eka kArSApaNa meM tItara-sameta usakI gAr3I le lI aura punaH gAr3IvAna ne kulaputra dvArA pradarzita upAya se do pailI sattU ke sAtha usakI strI ko bhI hathiyA liyA / anta meM mukadame ke dvArA donoM meM nibaTArA huA / isa prakAra, ina donoM 'udanta' - saMjJaka kathAoM meM gupta vArttA kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai / kozakAra ApTe mahodaya ne 'udanta' kA artha guptavArttA bhI kiyA hai, isIlie zabdazAstrajJa kathA saMghadAsagaNI ne ukta donoM kathAoM ko 'udanta' saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai / kathAkAra ne 'AkhyAnaka'- saMjJaka kathAoM kA bhI upanyAsa kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kula tIna AkhyAnaka isa prakAra hai : 'lokadhammAsaMgayayAe mahesaradattakkhANayaM ' (14.11), 'ciMtayatthavivajjAse vasubhUIbaM bhaNakkhANayaM' (30.21) aura 'kayagghAe vAyasakkhANayaM' (33.4) / prathama, mahezvaradatta ke AkhyAna meM zrAddha Adi lokadharma kI asaMgati dikhAI gaI hai, arthAt mRta pitA kI sadgati ke uddezya se Ayojita zrAddha meM mahezvaradatta, svayaM (mahiSayoni meM utpanna) apane pitA ko hI -kATakara usake mAMsa se bhoja kA Ayojana karatA hai / dvitIya, vasubhUti brAhmaNa ke AkhyAnaka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki manuSya socatA kucha aura hai, lekina ho jAtA hai kucha aura hI / vasubhUti ne kheta meM dhAna ropA, lekina dekharekha ke abhAva meM dhAna kI jagaha ghAsa uga AI / usakI rohiNI nAma kI gAya kA garbha asamaya hI girakara naSTa ho gayA, isalie vaha baccA nahIM de sakI / brAhmaNa kA beTA somazarmA naTa kI saMgati meM par3akara naTa ho gayA aura brAhmaNaputrI somazarmANI kisI dhUrta ke phere meM par3akara kvaoNrepana meM hI garbhiNI ho gii| isa prakAra, brAhmaNa ke dvArA cintita artha kA viparyAsa yA anyathAtva ho gayA / tRtIya, kaue ke AkhyAnaka meM yaha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki akAla par3ane ke kAraNa cAre-dAne ke abhAva meM kaue apane bhAMje kapiMjaloM ke pAsa samudrataTa para cale gye| vahA~ kapiMjaloM ne kauoM kA hRdaya se Atithya kiyA aura ve vahA~ sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| jaba kauoM ko patA calA apane janapada meM subhikSa (sukAla) lauTa AyA hai, taba ve vApasa jAne ko taiyAra ho gaye / jaba kaue lauTa cale, taba kapiMjaloM ne kahA : 'Apa kyoM jA rahe haiM ?' kauoM ne unase kahA : 'pratidina sUrya ugane se pahale hameM tumhArA adhobhAga dekhanA par3atA hai / yaha sthiti hameM baradAzta nahIM hotI, isIlie hama jA rahe haiN|' isa prakAra, kapiMjaloM para lAMchana lagAkara kRtaghna kaue lauTa gaye /

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532 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA yahA~ bhI kapijaloM kA socanA kucha anyathA hI ho gyaa| kapiMjaloM ne mAmA mAnakara kauoM kI khAtiradArI kI aura kRtaghna kaue apane bhAginoM (kapijaloM) ko lAMchita karake cale gye| __isa prakAra, kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne cintita artha ke viparyAsa yA anyathAtva ko saMjJApita karanevAlI kathAoM ko 'AkhyAnaka' koTi kI kathA meM zreNIbaddha kiyA hai| 'paricaya'-saMjJaka kathAe~ apane nAma ke anusAra hI pAtra-patriyoM ke paricaya prastuta karane ke nimitta upanyasta kI gaI haiN| inameM prAya: mUla kathA ke viziSTa pAtroM ke hI paricaya parinibaddha haiN| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se kula paricaya-kathAe~ caudaha haiM : ___'agaDadattassa sAmadattAe paricao' (37.1), 'vimalasenAparicao' (54.6), 'rAmakaNhANaM aggamahisINaM paricao' (78.1), 'andhagavahiparicao' (111.1), 'sAmA-vijayAparicao' (121.11), 'sAmalIparicaoM' (123.1); 'aMgArakaparicao' (124.1); 'gaMdhabbadattAparicao' (133.14), 'amiyagativijjAharaparicao' (139.13), 'vairasenakArio laliyaMgayadevaparicao' (174.28); 'nIlajasAparicao' (178.15), 'rattavatIlasuNikAparicao' (219.6), 'somasiriparicao' (222.13) tathA 'piyaMgusuMdarIparicao' (265.20), / kathAkAra ne 'carita'-saMjJaka kathAoM meM zalAkApuruSoM yA tatkoTika puruSoM ke carita upanyasta kiye haiN| mUla 'vasudevahiNDI' ke antargata nimnAMkita carita-kathAe~ gumphita huI haiM : 'jaMbusAmicariyaM' (2.4), 'dhammillacariyaM' (27.3), samuddavijayAINaM navaNhaM vasudevassa ya puvvabhavacariyaM(114.4); 'viNhukumAracariyaM' (128.18), 'usabhasAmicariyaM' (157.1), 'rAmAyaNaM' (rAmacarita, 240.15), 'sijjaMsakkhAyaM usabhasAmisaMbaddhaM puvvabhavacariyaM (165.19), 'migaddhayakumArassa bhaddagamahisassa ya cariyaM' (268.27); saMtijiNacariyaM' (340.1); 'kuMthusAmicariyaM' (344.1) evaM 'arajiNacariyaM' (346.16) / isa prakAra, ina kula gyAraha carita-kathAoM meM dharma, artha aura kAma ke prayojana se sambaddha dRSTa, zruta evaM anubhUta kathAvastuoM kA varNana upanyasta huA hai| viziSTa rUpa se kisI kathA kI pratyAsatti kI sthiti meM kathAkAra ne usa kathA ko 'prasaMga' nAma se upasthita kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM, kula ekamAtra kathA 'vasaMtatilayAgaNiyApasaMgo' zIrSaka se upalabdha hotI hai| yaha kathA dhammilla ke carita kI pratyAsatti meM, prasaMga ke pallavana ke lie, kathAvastu ke madhya kI kar3I kI bhA~ti upanibaddha huI hai| ___'AtmakathA' kI saMjJA se bhI kaI khaNDakathAe~ kathAkAra ne prastuta kI haiN| jaise : 'agaDadattamuNiNo appakahA' (pR.35), 'uppanohiNANiNo muNiNo appakahA' (pR.111), 'cArudattassa appakahA' (pR.133); 'mihuNitthiyA''veiyA puvvabhaviyA attakahA' (pR.166); laliyaMgayadevakahiyA puvvabhaviyA attakahA' (pR.166); 'sirimainiveiyA niNNAmiyAbhavasaMbaddhA attakahA' (pR.171), 'cittavegA attakahA' (pR.214), 'vegavatIe appakahA' (pR.227) evaM 'vimalAbhA-suppabhANaM ajjANaM attakahA' (pR.223)| jaisA ki pratyeka kathA-zIrSaka se spaSTa hai, ina kathAoM meM yathokta pAtroM ne apanI-apanI AtmakathA kahI hai, isalie kathAkAra ne inheM 'AtmakathA' kI saTIka saMjJA dI hai| kathA kI ina saMjJAoM ke atirikta, kathAkAra ne 'AharaNa' aura 'udAharaNa-saMjJaka kathAoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| 'vasudevahiNaDI' meM upalabdha AharaNa' saMjJaka kula ATha kathAe~ isa prakAra haiM : 'sacchaMdayAe vasudattA-AharaNaM' (pR.59); 'mahisAharaNaM' (pR.85), 'vAyasAharaNaM' (pR.168);

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3 533 vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 'jaMbukAharaNaM' (pR.168), 'sumittaraNNo AharaNaM' (pR. 258); 'adiNNAdANadose merussa guNe ya jiNadAsassa AharaNaM' (pR. 295 ); 'mehuNassa dose pUsadevassa guNe ya jiNavAliyassa AharaNaM' (pR.296) aura 'pariggahaguNa-dose cAruNaMdi- phagguNaMdi - AharaNaM' (pR.297) / isI prakAra, 'udAharaNa' - saMjJaka kathAoM meM yathAnirdiSTa tIna kathAe~ parigaNanIya haiM : 'paradAradose vAsavodAharaNaM' (pR.292), 'pANAivAyadose mammaNa- jamapAsodAharaNaM' (pR. 294) tathA 'aliyavayaNaguNadose dhAraNarevaiDayAharaNaM' (pR. 295) / 1 kahanA na hogA ki 'AharaNa' aura 'udAharaNa' saMjJaka kathAe~ prAya: eka hI koTi kI haiN| kyoMki, antaH sAkSya se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki kathAkAra ukta donoM kathA- vidhAoM ko eka hI zreNI kI mAnate haiN| tabhI to unhoMne adiNNAdANa viSayaka meru kI kathA ko 'AharaNa' kI saMjJA dI hai| puna: usI krama meM adiNNAdANa - viSayaka dUsarI jinadAsa kI kathA ko 'udAharaNa' kahA hai : 'ahavA imaM adiNNAdANe pasatthaM bIyaM udAharaNaM' (295.23) / 'AharaNa' aura 'udAharaNa' -saMjJaka kathAe~ bhI nIti-dRSTAnta ko darasAne ke lie parigumphita kI gaI haiN| prathama vasudattA ke 'AharaNa' meM, sAsa-sasura kA kahanA na mAnakara, svacchandabhAva se, apane baccoM ke sAtha ujjayinI ke lie prasthita vasudattA ke jIvana ke kadarthita hone kI kathA kA lomaharSaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya mahiSa ke AharaNa meM eka duSTa bhaiMse kI kathA kahI gaI hai| eka jaMgala meM eka hI jalAgAra thA / vahA~ vibhinna pyAse caupAye jAnavara Akara pAnI pIte aura apanI pyAsa bujhAte the| lekina, duSTa bhaiMsA jaba AtA thA, taba vaha apane sIMgoM dvArA jalatala se kIcar3a nikAlakara pAnI ko ga~dalA kara detA thA / phalataH, jalAzaya kA pAnI svayaM usake lie aura dUsare ke lie bhI pIne yogya nahIM raha jAtA thA / yahA~ isa kathA ko dRSTAnta se jor3ate hue kathAkAra ne pratIka-nirUpaNa kiyA hai ki jaMgala saMsAra kA pratIka hai aura sarovara kA jala AcArya kA / pyAse caupAye jAnavara dharma sunane ke abhilASI prANI ke pratIka haiM / aura bhaiMsA dharma meM bAdhA pahu~cAnevAle duSTa kA pratIka hai| isa prakAra, yaha kathA dRSTAn kA bhI pratirUpa hai| I 'vAyasAharaNa' tathA 'jambukAharaNa' nAma kI tIsarI aura cauthI 'AharaNa'- kathAe~ paralokasiddhi prasaMga meM kahI gaI haiM / 'vAyasAharaNa' kI kathAvastu hai ki eka bUr3hA hAthI grISmakAla meM kisI pahAr3I nadI meM utarate samaya saMkIrNa aura Ubar3a-khAbar3a taTa meM pha~sa gayA / zarIra ke bhArIpana tathA durbalatA ke kAraNa vaha sa~kare taTa se bAhara nahIM nikala sakA aura vahIM mara gayA / bher3iye aura siyAroM ne mRta hAthI ko usake gudAmArga kI ora se khAnA zurU kiyaa| kaue bhI usI rAste se hAthI ke peTa meM cale gaye aura mAMsa tathA usake rasa kA AhAra karate hue vahIM raha gaye / garamI ke kAraNa hAthI kA zarIra sUkha jAne se praveza-mArga bhI sUkhakara sikur3a gyaa| kaue bar3e santuSTa hue ki vahA~ ve aba nirbAdha rUpa se rheNge| barasA kA samaya AyA ! pahAr3I nadI umar3a calI / nadI pravAha meM hAthI kA bahatA huA zarIra mahAnadI kI dhArA ke sahAre samudra meM calA gayA, jahA~ bar3I-bar3I machaliyoM aura magaroM ne use noca DAlA / phalataH, hAthI ke kalevara meM pAnI ghusa gayA aura kaue usase bAhara nikala par3e, kintu kahIM kinArA na pAkara ur3ate-ur3ate ve vahIM mara gaye / yadi ve varSA Ane ke pUrva hI nikala gaye hote, to dIrghakAla taka jIvita rahakara svacchanda ghUmate aura aneka prakAra ke lahU-mAMsa kA AhAra karate / isa kathA ko AdhyAtmika pratIka- dRSTAnta kA rUpa dekara kathAkAra ne kahA hai : kaue saMsArI jIva ke pratIka haiM, to hastikalevara meM unakA praveza manuSya- zarIra prApta karane kA / kalevara

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534 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti ko bRhatkathA ke bhItara kA mAMsarasa viSaya-prApti kA pratIka hai, to mArga kA avarodha sAMsArika pratibandha kaa| jala kA pravAha maraNakAla kA pratIka hai, to kaue kA hAthI ke kalevara se nikalanA parabhava meM saMkrAnta hone kaa| ___ 'jambukAharaNa' kI viSayavastu hai ki koI bhIla jaMgala meM ghUmate samaya bUr3he hAthI ko dekhakara sa~kare sthAna meM jA chipA aura vahIM se usane hAthI ko eka bANa maaraa| hAthI ko girA huA jAnakara usane DorI ko utAre vinA dhanuSa ko rakha diyA aura pharasA lekara dantamuktA ke nimitta hAthI ke mRta zarIra para prahAra karane lgaa| hAthI ke girane se usake nIce eka mahAkAya sarpa dabA par3A thaa| usane bhIla ko kATa khaayaa| bhIla vahIM girakara Dhera ho gyaa| jaMgala meM ghUmatA huA eka siyAra vahA~ aayaa| usane eka sAtha hAthI, manuSya, sA~pa aura dhanuSa ko girA huA dekhaa| bhaya se siyAra pahale to pIche haTa gayA, bAda meM mAMsalobha ke kAraNa bAra-bAra Ane lagA aura use jaba yaha nizcaya ho gayA ki ye saba nirjIva haiM, taba santuSTa hokara dekhane-socane lagA: hAthI to jIvana bhara ke lie merA bhojana bnegaa| manuSya aura sA~pa kucha dinoM ke lie AhAra hoNge| Aja (carmanirmita) dhanuSa kI DorI hI khAtA huuN| aisA nizcaya karake usa mUrkha siyAra ne jyoM hI DorI ko dA~ta se kA~TA, tyoM hI dhanuSa kA agalA hissA jora se uchalakara usake tAlU meM jA dhaMsA aura vaha mara gyaa| isa kathA kA vivecana karate hue kathAkAra ne kahA hai ki yadi vaha siyAra tuccha DorI chor3akara hAthI, manuSya aura sA~pa ke zarIra ko khAne kI icchA karatA, to aura jIvoM ke zarIra bhI use cirakAla taka khAne ko milte| isI prakAra, jo manuSya tuccha sakha meM ba~dhA rahakara paraloka kI sAdhanA se udAsIna ho jAtA hai. vaha siyAra kI bhA~ti vinAza ko prApta karatA hai| avazya hI, ukta kaue aura siyAra kI nItiparaka kathAe~ brAhmaNa-srota ke prasiddha prAcIna kathAgrantha 'paMcatantra,' 'hitopadeza' Adi para AdhRta haiM, jinheM kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne, jaina dRSTi se puna: saMskAra karake paralokasiddhi-viSayaka abhinava AyAma ke sAtha upanyasta kiyA hai| zeSa AharaNa'-saMjJaka kathAe~ bhI sambaddha pAtroM ke guNa-doSa tathA loka-paraloka ke vivecana ke krama meM hI sandarbhita huI haiN| pA~caveM sumitra rAjA ke 'AharaNa' meM AtmA kA nirUpaNa tathA mAMsabhakSaNa-viSayaka zAstrArtha kA rucikara aura zAstrIya ullekha huA hai| chaThe adattAdAna-viSayaka 'AharaNa' meM grAmasvAmI meru ke doSa aura jinadAsa ke guNa kI carcA huI hai| sAtaveM maithuna-viSayaka 'AharaNa' meM puSyadeva kI strI-lolupatA aura jinapAlita suvarNakAra kI strI-virakti kI kathA kahI gaI hai| isI prakAra, AThaveM gomANDalika cArunandI aura phalgunandI ke 'AharaNa' meM parigraha ke doSa aura aparigraha ke guNoM kA kathAparaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra, kathAkAra dvArA upanyasta prAyaH sabhI AharaNoM meM asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kI kathA kA viniyoga huA hai| puna: vAsava, manmana, yamapAza, dhAraNa tathA revatI ke kathA-mAdhyama se ahiMsA aura satya kI zreyaskaratA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| vAsava ke 'udAharaNa' meM 'to brAhmaNa-paramparA ke ahalyAjAra 1. hitopadeza' meM etadviSayaka kathA kA vyAdha ke cintana se sambaddha samAnAntara zloka isa prakAra hai : mAsamekaM naro yAti dvau mAsau mRgshuukrau| ahireka dinaM yAti adya bhakSyo dhanurguNaH / (mitralAbha : zlo. 167)

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535 vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva indra kI kathA ke hI jainadRSTi se punaHsaMskRta rUpa kA navyodbhAvana huA hai| isa prakAra, 'AharaNa' aura 'udAharaNa-saMjJaka kathAe~ prAyaH samAnAntara viSaya-pravRtti kA hI dyotana karatI haiN| khaNDakathAoM ke antargata kathAkAra ne aneka pAtroM kI utpatti, vartamAna bhava aura pUrvabhava kI manoraMjaka kathAe~ upanyasta kI haiN| 'utpatti' zIrSaka kathAe~ vasudevahiNDI meM isa prakAra haiM : 'aNADhiyadevassuppattI' (pR.25), 'vasudevacariyauppattI' (pR.26), gaNiyANaM uppattI' (pR.103), 'viNhugIigAe uppattI', (pR.128); 'pippalAyassa ahavveyassa ya upattI' (pR.151); 'AriyaveyauppattI' (pR.183), 'soyAsapurisAyassa uppattI' (pR.197), 'aNAriyANaM vedANaM uppattikAraNaM' (pR.185), 'dhaNuvveyassa uppattI' (pR.202), puMDAe uppattI' (pR.214); 'aTThAvayatittha-uppattI' (pR.301) aura 'harivaMsakulassa uppattI' (pR.356)| ___ 'pUrvabhava' aura 'bhava' zIrSaka kathAe~ isa prakAra haiM : 'dhammillapuvvajammakahAe sunaMdabhavo' (pR.74); 'dhammillapuvvajammakahAe sarahabhavo' (pR.75); 'pajjuNNa-saMbapuvabhavakahAe aggibhUi-vAubhUibhavo' (pR.85); pajjuNNasaMbapuvvabhavakahAe puNNabhadda-mANibhaddabhavo', (pR.89), 'pajjuNNa-saMbapuvvabhavakahAe mahu-keDhavabhavo' (pR.90), 'vasudevapuvvabhavakahAe naMdiseNabhavo' (pR.114), 'rattavatI-lasuNikApuvvabhavo' (pR.219), 'somasirIpuvvabhavo' (pR.222); 'amiyateya-sirivijaya asaNighosa-sutArANaM puvvabhavo' (pR.320), 'maNikuMDalI-iMduseNa-biMduseNANaM 'puvvabhavo' (pR.321), 'saMtijiNapuvvabhavakahAe aparAjiyabhavo' (pR.324), 'kaNayasirIe puvvabhavo' (pR.326), 'saMtijiNa-puvvabhavakahAe vajjAuhabhavo' (pR.329); 'saMtimatIe ajiyaseNassa ya puvvabhavo' (pR.330), 'saMtijiNakahAe meharahabhavo' (pR.333), 'kukkuDajuyalapuvvabhavo' (pR.333), 'caMdatilayavidiyatilayavijjAharapuvvabhavo' (pR.334); 'sIharahavijjAharapuvvabhavo' (pR.336); 'pArAvaya-bhiDiyANaM puvvabhavo' (338); surUvajakkhasaMbaMdho tappuvvabhavo ya' (pR.338); laliyasirIpuvvabhavo' (pR.362) aura 'kaMsassa puvvabhavo' (pR.368)| kahanA na hogA ki 'bhava' aura 'pUrvabhava' tathA pUrvokta 'sambandha-saMjJaka kathAe~ hI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI mUlakathA kI snAyubhUta haiM, jinake mAdhyama se sampUrNa mUlakathA meM Avarjaka kathArasa abAdha rUpa se pravAhita huA hai| isa prakAra, mahAn kathAkovida saMghadAsagaNI dvArA Akalita khaNDakathAoM ke sUkSmatama bhedopabhedoM ke samyak niyojana se 'vasudevahiNDI' jaisI vizAla kathAkRti kI saMracanA huI hai| avazya hI, kathA aura vikathA ke yathopanyasta bhedopabheda kathAtattva kI saiddhAntika vivecanA ke kSetra meM sarvathA naI dizA ko prazasta karate haiN| isase kathAkAra kI kalpanAzakti kI vicitratA ke sAtha hI usakI atizaya saMvedanazIla aura vyApaka gambhIra dRSTi kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| sAhityika saundarya ke vibhinna pakSa : . 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM meM samAhita kalA-tattva kI vareNyatA ke kAraNa hI inakA sAhityika saundarya apanA viziSTa mUlya rakhatA hai| vikasita kalA-caitanya se samanvita 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAe~ na kevala sAhityazAstra, apitu saundaryazAstra ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI prabhUta sAmagrI prastuta karatI haiN| sAhityika saundarya ke vidhAyaka mUla tattvoM meM padazayyA kI cArutA,

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536 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA abhivyakti kI vakratA, vacobhaMgI kA camatkAra, bhAvoM kI vicchitti, alaMkAroM kI zobhA, rasa kA paripAka, ramaNIya kalpanA, hRdayAvarjaka bimba, ramya rucira pratIka Adi pramukha haiN| kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM ina samasta tattvoM kA yathAyatha viniyoga huA hai / saMkSepa meM kaheM to, 'vasudevahiNDI' rUpa, zailI aura abhivyakti--kalA - cetanA kI ina tInoM vyAvarttaka vizeSatAoM se vimaNDita hai| isalie, kalAzAstra kI vistRta paTabhUmi para vyApaka tAttvika vivecana ke aneka AyAma 'vasudevahiNDI' meM nihita haiM, jinakA adhyayana eka svatantra prabandha kA viSaya hai / yahA~ tadviSayaka yatkiMcit prakAza DAlakara hI paritoSa kara lenA abhISTa hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM meM pAtra - pAtriyoM aura unake kAryavyApAroM ko citrAtmaka rUpa dene kA zlAghya prayatna kiyA gayA hai| kalAcetA saMghadAsagaNI ne loka-maryAdA, veza-bhUSA, AbhUSaNaparicchada, saMgIta-vAdya, astra-zastra, khAna-pAna Adi kalAtmaka evaM sAMskRtika upakaraNoM evaM zabdazakti, rasa, rIti, guNa, alaMkAra Adi sAhityika sAdhanoM kA apane grantha meM yathAsthAna bar3I samIcInatA se viniveza kiyA hai| kalA ke svarUpa ko sAMgopAMga jAnane ke lie saMghadAsagaNI ke prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya se kalAbhUyiSTha bhAvoM aura zabdoM kA dohana hindI - sAhitya ke lie atizaya samRddhikAraka hai | kAmadughA kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' se kalA kA mArmika jJAna aura sAhityika adhyayana, donoM kI sArasvata tRSA sahaja hI miTAI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki, isa kathAgrantha meM sAhitya aura kalA, donoM ke yojaka rasatattva kI samAna bhAva se upalabdhi hotI hai / saMghadAsagaNI ne lokajIvana kI umaMga se udbhUta sAhitya aura kalA ke saundaryamUlaka tattvoM kI eka sAtha avatAraNA kI hai| isalie, sAhitya aura kalA yugapat adhyayana se hI 'vasudevahiNDI' kA samagra rUpa se paricaya sambhava hai 1 prAcIna AcAryoM kI dRSTi se sAhitya aura kalA kA nediSTha aura tAttvika antaHsambandha hai / isIlie, saMghadAsagaNI ke kathA-sAhitya meM kalA - cetanA kA antarbhAva upalabdha hotA hai / tAttvika anta: sambandha ke kAraNa hI sAhitya aura kalA meM paryApta nikaTatA pratIta hotI hai / saMghadAsagaNI kI kathA meM, sAhitya-cetanA ke samAna hI kalA-cetanA kI bhI paryApta maulikatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake kathA-sAhitya meM lalitakalAoM kA saundarya-bodha chipA huA hai| sAhityika aura kalAtmaka saundarya-vivarddhana hI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM kA mUla uddezya hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki saMghadAsagaNI kI kathAoM meM eka kalAmarmajJa kathAkAra kI sRSTi cetanA kA mugdha saMvega evaM samagra mAnava cetanA taka Azu saMkramaNakArI azeSa sAmarthya parilakSita hotA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki usa kathAkAra kI anubhUtiyoM meM surakSita amUrta kalA kathA ke mAdhyama se anupama bhavyatA ke sAtha mUrta ho uThI hai / saundarya : abhinavagupta ne saundaryAnubhUti ko 'vItavighnA pratItiH' kahA hai, jise AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne antasattA kI tadAkAra - pariNati ('impaithI) ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| saMghadAsagaNI kI kathA meM bhI yahI vizeSatA hai, arthAt unakI kathA meM saundarya kI nirvighna pratIti hotI hai, isIlie kathAoM ko par3hate samaya unake pAtra - pAtriyoM ke sAtha pAThakoM kI antaH sattA kI tadAkAra- pariNati ho jAtI hai| sAmAnyataH 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA-zailI itanI prAMjala hai ki artha

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. vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 537 yA bhAva samajha pAne meM pravAhAvarodha kI sthiti nahIM aatii| par3hanevAle pAThaka 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kathAtattva meM isa prakAra rama jAte haiM ki unakI deza-kAla kI Atmagata aura vastugata sImAe~ miTa jAtI haiN| unake apane sukha-duHkha ke bhAvoM kA kathApAtroM ke sukha-duHkha ke bhAvoM ke sAtha sAdhAraNIkaraNa ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI, unheM apanI upacita anubhUti ko udaya karane kA Avazyaka uddIpana bhI prApta hotA hai / kAlidAsa kI bhA~ti saMghadAsagaNI kI saundaryamUlaka mAnyatA pAzcAtya vastuniSTha saundaryazAstriyoM ke mata se sAmya rakhatI hai| vastuniSTha saundaryavAdI pAzcAtya manISiyoM kA kathana hai saundarya vastu meM hotA hai, draSTA ke mana meM nahIM / ataH jo vastu sundara hai, vaha sarvadA aura sarvatra sundara hai| kAlidAsa ne bhI zakuntalA ke sandarbha meM isa mata ko svIkAra kiyA hai / AzramavAsinI zakuntalA ke sambandha meM kAlidAsa ne kahA hai ki jisa prakAra seMvAra se lipaTe rahane para bhI kamala ramaNIya pratIta hotA hai, candramA kA malina kalaMka bhI usakI zobhA ko bar3hAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha tanvI (kRzagAtrI) zakuntalA valkala pahane huI rahane para bhI adhika manojJa lagatI hai, isalie ki madhura AkRtivAloM ke lie alaMkaraNa kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? 1 saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI vidyAdharanagara azokapura ke vidyAdhararAja kI putrI meghamAlA ko, jo kevala eka raktAMzuka-vastra tathA kamakImatI gahanA pahane huI thI evaM jisakA zarIra azokamaMjariyoM se sajjita thA, 'accheraya-pecchaNijjarUvA' kahA hai| kyoMki, usakI madhura AkRti ke lie vizeSa alaMkaraNa kI AvazyakatA hI kyA thI / usa vidyAdharI kI AkRti naisargika rUpa se sundara thI vaha navayuvatI thI, stanabhAra se usakI gAtrayaSTi lacI huI thI, apane puSTa jaghanabhAra ko vaha sAyA DhotI-sI lagatI thI, isalie vaha apane pairoM ko bahuta dhIre-dhIre uThA pAtI thii| usake hoMTha atyanta lAla aura usakI svaccha dantapaMkti bar3I manohara thii| isa prakAra usa prasannadarzanA ke prekSaNIya rUpa ko dekhane kI icchA bAra-bAra hotI thI, use dekhakara darzakoM kI rUpatRSA miTatI nahIM thI (dhammillacariya: pR.73) / saundarya-vivecana meM, vizeSakara nakha-zikha ke saundaryodbhAvana meM kathAkAra ne udAttatA (sablAimezana) kI bharapUra viniyukti kI hai| ukta vidyAdharI ke saundaryAMkana meM bhI udAttatA se kAma liyA gayA hai| prasiddha saundaryazAstrI DaoN. kumAra vimala ke zabdoM meM udAtta vaha saundarya hai, jo Azraya yA draSTA ko pahale parAbhUta, bAda meM AkRSTa karatA hai|' saMghadAsagaNI ne 'accherayapecchaNijjarUvA vizeSaNa ke prayoga dvArA isI udAtta saundarya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yahA~ kathAkAra dvArA aMkita katipaya udAtta saundarya ke citra uddhRta kiye jA rahe haiM, jo sthAlIpulAkanyAya se AsvAdya haiN| praNaya ke sandhi vigraha ke krama meM kruddha rati-rasAyanakalpa vimalasenA kA manuhAra karate hue dhammilla ne bhramavaza apanI pUrva preyasI vasantatilakA kA nAma le liyA, phalata: vimalasenA ne 1. sarasijamanuviddhaM zaivalenApi ramyaM malinamapi himAMzorlakSma lakSmIM tanoti / iyamadhikamanojJA valkalenApi tanvI kimiva hi madhurANAM maNDanaM nAkRtInAm // - abhijJAnazAkuntala : 1.19 . 2. 'saundaryazAstra ke tattva' (vahI), pra. rAjakamala prakAzana, naI dillI: pR. 98

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538 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA usapara caraNa se prahAra kiyaa| yahA~ vimalasenA aura usake caraNa kA kalAtmaka saundarya sarasa sAhityika bhASA aura samAsabahulA gauDI zailI meM draSTavya hai : "bAhAgayaloyaNAe ya punnasagaggarahiyayAe, IsiMdaMtaggadaTThAharAe, tivalitaraMgabhaMguraM niDAle bhiuMDiM raeUNa avvattakkharaM bhaNaMtIe, AkaMpiuttamaMgAe, viyaNNakesahatthAe, paDaMtaukkAyaMtakusumAe, samosaraMtarattaMsuyavilaggatamehalAdAmakalAvAe; vivihamaNivicittamuttiyAunajAlova - sohieNaM, sasaddaruMdaMtaneuraraveNaM, aNupuvvasujAyaaMgulIdaleNaM, kamaladalakomaleNaM, rattAsoyathavayasannibheNaM, caMgAlattayarasollakovavasasaMjAyaseeNaM calaNeNaM aaho|" (dhammillacariya : pR. 65) arthAt, kruddha vimalasenA kI A~khoM meM A~sU A gaye the, usakA hRdaya (kaNTha) pUrI taraha bhara AyA thA, vaha dantAya se apane adhara ko halke-halke kATa rahI thI, usake lalATa para trivalI taraMga se bhaMgura bhRkuTi tanI huI thI aura avyakta zabdoM meM vaha kucha bhunabhunA rahI thI, usakA zira kA~pa rahA thA aura kezapAza (jUr3A) bikhara gayA thA, jisase gUMthe hue phUla jhar3akara nIce gira rahe the aura khisakatA huA raktAMzuka karadhanI kI DorI se A lagA thaa| isa prakAra ke raudrazRMgAra kI mudrA meM usa vimalasenA ne apane jisa caraNa se dhammilla para prahAra kiyA, usameM vividha maNijaTita aura muktAjAla se zobhita nUpura ba~dhA huA thA, jo runajhuna runajhuna baja rahA thaa| paira kI aMguliyoM ke dala sundara jAti ke the aura unakI saMracanA Anukramika thI, vaha paira kamala-dala ke samAna komala thA aura raktAzoka ke puSpaguccha kI taraha pratIta hotA thA, vaha caraNa sundara akta rasa se svata: Ardra thA, phira bhI krodhavaza svedAkta ho uThA thA / dhammilla vimalasenA kA caraNa prahAra pAkara santoSa ke sAtha mana-hI-mana ha~satA huA ghara se bAhara nikala gayA aura nAgaghara meM calA gyaa| vahA~ use eka taruNa bAlikA dikhAI par3I, jisakA sarasa navayauvana abhI phUTa hI rahA thaa| usa taruNI kA saundaryodbhAvaka mohaka citra bhI darzanIya hai : "navajovvaNasAliNI, samubdhijjaMtaromarAI, ApUraMtaparivaDDumANapaodharA, tuMgAyateNaM nAsAvaMsaeNaM, abhinavanIluppalapattasacchahehiM nayaNehiM biMbaphalasujAyarattAdhareNaM, suddhadaMtapaMtieNaM, samattapunimAyaMdasariseNaM vayaNeNaM / " (dhammillacariya: pR. 65) arthAt, vaha taruNI navayauvanazAlinI thI, usakI romarAji abhI uga hI rahI thI, usakA bharA-bharA-sA payodhara abhI bar3ha hI rahA thA, usakI nAka ( nAsikA - vaMza) U~cI aura lambI (sutavA~) thI, nava prasphuTita nIlakamala ke dala kI bhA~ti usakI kajarArI A~kheM thIM, sundara jAti bimbaphala ke samAna usake lAla hoMTha the, usakI dantapaMkti bar3I svaccha thI aura usakA mu~ha pUrNimA ke pUrNacandra kI taraha sundara thA / kathAkAra dvArA varNita rukmiNI ke nakhazikha kA saundarya bhI bar3A udAtta hai / rukmiNI ke sambandha meM nArada ne kRSNa se kahA thA ki unake vicAra meM kuNDinapura kI rukmiNI ke saundarya kI dvitIyatA nahIM hai| nArada ke mukha se kathAkAra ke zabdoM meM : "sA sahassarassiraMjiyasayavattakaMtavayaNA, vayaNakamalanAlabhUyacauraMgulappamANakaMdharA, - suvaTTita-siliTTha- saMThiya-taNuya- sukumAla - subhalakkhaNasaNAha-kisalayujjala- bAhalatikA,

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva karaparimiya- vaTTahArapahasiyapINathaNajuyala-bhArasIdamANavalibhaMgavaliyamajjhA, IsiMmaulAyamANavarakamalaviyaDaNAbhI, * 539 kaNNAlakkhaNaviyakkhaNapasaMsiyamadaNasaranivAraNamaNujjasoNiphalakA, khaMbhaNibha-paramasukumAla-thira-varoru, sulINajANuppaesA, gUDhasira- roma - gopucchasarisajaMghA, savaNa-maNaggAhiribhita navanaliNikomalatala-kamalarAgasappabhanahamaNibhAsiyapasatthacalaNA, vayaNa - vikkhaNA, Alao guNANaM / " (pIThikA : pR. 80) arthAt, usa rukmiNI kA mukha sUrya kiraNoM se raMjita kamala kI taraha kAnta thA, usakI garadana kI lambAI cAra aMgula thI, jo mukha-kamala ke nAla kI bhA~ti lagatI thI, usakI bAhulatA komala, sugola, susaMyukta, susaMhata, sukumAra, zubhalakSaNoM se pUrNa aura kisalaya kI taraha ujjvala thI, hAtha meM a~Tane lAyaka tathA golahAra se suzobhita donoM stana pIna the, jinake bhAra se use (calane meM) kaSTa hotA thA, jisakA saMketa madhyabhAga meM trivalI ki sikur3ana se milatA thA, zreSTha kamala kI thor3I khilI kalI kI bhA~ti usakI nAbhi khulI huI thI, usake zroNiphalaka ( nitambabhUmi) kanyAlakSaNa-vicakSaNoM dvArA prazaMsita the aura kAmabANa ke nivAraNa ke nimitta manojJa sAdhanasvarUpa the, usakI jA~gheM parama sukumAra, khambhe ke samAna sthira aura uttama thIM, usake ghuTane kA bhAga mAMsalatA meM pUrI taraha DUbA huA thA, usakI jaMghA (ghuTane se piMDulI taka kA bhAga) kI sirAe~ na to ubharI huI thIM, na hI usameM roe~ the aura usakI AkRti gAvadumA thI, usake paira navavikasita kamalinI ke samAna the, talave komala the aura kamala kI taraha lAla nakhamaNi se prabhAsita aura prazasta the, vaha aisI vANI bolane meM vicakSaNa thI, jisake svara kI gU~ja zravaNa aura mana ko khIMca tI thI / isa prakAra, vaha guNoM kA Alaya thI / lagnamaNDapa meM upasthita hone ke lie, ujjvala nepathya (veza) meM kAmadava seTha kI putrI bandhumatI jaba bAhara nikalI thI, taba usakA jo rUpa-saundarya udbhAsita huA thA, usakA ramaNIya udAtta citra draSTavya hai : "saha pariyaNeNa ya ujjalanevattheNa niggayA baMdhumatI duvvaMkuramIsamAlA, varakusumakayakuMDalA, cUDAmaNimaUharaMjiyapasatyakesahatthA, kalahoyakaNayakuMDalapahANulittanayaNabhAsuraMjiyamuhAraviMdA, maNaharakeyUrakaNayamaMDiyasarattapANitalabAhulatikA, sataralahArapariNaddhapIvarathaNaharakilammamANamajjhA, rasaNAvalibaddhajahaNamaMDalaguruyattaNasIyamANacalaNakamalA, kamalarahiyasirisohamuvvaMhiMtI, NhANa - pasAhaNakavivihabhAyaNavAvaDaceDIjaNakayaparivArA, kAsikasiyakhomaparihattarIyA / " (bandhumatI lambha : pR. 280 ) arthAt, ujjvala veza meM parijanoM ke sAtha bandhumatI bAhara aaii| usa samaya vaha dUrvAMkuramizrita phUla kI mAlA pahane huI thI, kAnoM meM uttama phUloM ke kuNDala jhUla rahe the, usakA kezapAza cUDAmaNi kI kiraNoM se anuraMjita thA, ujjvala kanakakuNDala kI prabhA se lipta A~khoM se mukhakamala jagamagA rahA thA, lAla-lAla hatheliyoMvAlI usakI latA jaisI lacIlI bhujAe~ manohara svarNa-keyUra se alaMkRta thIM, taralahAra' se alaMkRta puSTa stanoM ke bhAra se usakI deha kA madhyabhAga mAnoM kaSTa pA rahA thA aura karadhanI se ba~dhe jaghanamaNDala kI gurutA se usake kamala jaise paira 1. mUla prAkRta pATha 'satarala-hAra' hai| yadi isakA artha sAta lar3iyoMvAlA hAra kiyA jAya, to isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usa yuga meM pIna stanoM ko sAta lar3iyoMvAle hAra se alaMkRta karane kI prathA thI aura bandhumatI ke bhI stanoM ko sAta lar3iyoMvAle hAra se hI sajAyA gayA thA / --le.

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA parizrAnta-se pratIta hote the, kamala ke vinA bhI vaha lakSmI kI taraha zobhA bikhera rahI thI, snAna aura prasAdhana ke vividha pAtra liye dAsiyoM se vaha ghirI huI thI aura sapheda bArIka rezamI cAdara or3he huI thii| isI krama meM vasudeva kI do mugdhA paliyoM--saMgItakuzalA bhadramitrA aura nRtyanipuNA satyarakSitA ke udAtta saundarya kA citra draSTavya hai : ___"jA NavuggayapiyaMgupasUyasAmA, uvaciya-sukumAra-pasatyacaraNA, samAhiya-pasatya-nigUDhasira-jANu-jaMghA niraMtarasaMhioru, vicchinnakaDivattA, gaMbhIranAhikosA, vallavavihatakaMtamajhA, taNuya-mauyabAhulaiyA, pasaSNamuhI, biMboDI, siNiddha-siyadaMtI, visAladhavalacchI, saMgayasavaNA, suhuma-kasaNasirayA, sahAvamahuravAiNI, gaMdhabbe kayaparissamA sAM ahaM sAmiNo bhahAe devIe duhiyA bhaddamittA nAma / jA uNa kaNiyArakesarapiMjaracchavI, kaNayakuMDalakoDIparighaTTiyakavoladesA, vikosakamalakomalamuhI, kuvalayanayaNA, kokaNayataMbAharA, kumudamauladasaNA, kusumadAmasaNNihabAhujuyalA, kamalamaulopamANapayoharA, kisoyarI, kaMcaNakaMcidAmapaDibaddhavipulasoNI, kayalIkhaMbhasarisaUrujuyalA, kuruviMdavattovamANajaMghA, kaNayakummovamANacalaNA, naDhe pariniTThiyA esA somassa purohiyassa kuMdalayAe khattiyANIe pasUyA saccarakkhiyA naam|" (bhadramitrA-satyarakSitAlambha : pR. 355) arthAt, jo naI khilI priyaMgu kI maMjarI jaisI zyAma varNa kI hai, jisake paira puSTa sukumAra aura prazasta haiM, jisake ghuTanoM aura unake nIce ke bhAga-jaMghAoM kI saMracanA prazasta aura nigUDha zirAoMvAlI hai, jisakI donoM jA~ghe antara-rahita, eka-dUsare se saTI huI haiM, jisakI kamara kA gherA patalA hai, nAbhikoSa gaharA hai, madhyabhAga trivalI se vibhakta aura manorama hai, bahulatAe~ lacIlI aura komala haiM, jo prasannamukhI, bimboSThI tathA sapheda cikane dA~toMvAlI hai, jisakI A~kheM ujjvala aura bar3I-bar3I haiM, kAna salIkedAra haiM, keza patale, mulAyama aura kAle haiM, svabhAva se hI jo madhura bolatI hai aura jisane saMgIta kA abhyAsa kiyA hai, vaha hamArI svAminI rAnI bhadrA kI putrI bhadramitrA hai| aura phira, jo kanera ke kesara kI bhA~ti sunahale raMga kI hai, jisake gAloM para svarNakuNDala kI noMka se gharSaNa ho rahA hai, jisakA mukha khile hue kamala kI bhA~ti komala hai, A~kheM nIlakamala jaisI haiM, raktakamala ke samAna jisake lAla hoMTha hai, kumuda-kalI ke samAna dA~ta haiM, phUla kI mAlA jaisI donoM bhujAe~ haiM, kamala kI kalI ke samAna payodhara haiM, jo kRzodarI hai, sone kI kaTimekhalA se ba~dhe jisake vizAla nitamba haiM, jisake Uruyugala kadalI ke stambha ke samAna haiM, ghuTane ke nIce kA bhAga kuruvindAvarta kI bhA~ti gola hai, sone ke kachue ke samAna jisake paira haiM aura jo nRtya meM nipuNa hai, vaha soma nAmaka purohita kI kundalatA nAma kI kSatriyANI palI se utpanna putrI satyarakSitA hai| ___ kathAkAra nArI-saundarya ke samAnAntara puruSa-saundarya kA bhI udAtta citra A~kane meM kuzala hai| puruSa-saundarya kA eka citra darzanIya hai, jo RSabhasvAmI kI zArIrika saMracanA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai : "usabhasAmI pattajovvaNo ya chattasarisasiro, payAhiNAvattakasiNasiroo, sakalagahaNAyagamaNoharavayaNo,, AyattabhumayAjuyalo, puMDariyaviyaMsiyanayaNo, ujjuyavayaNamaMDaNaNAsAvaMso, silappavAlakomalA''haro, dhavalavimaladasaNapatI, caTharaMgulappamANakaMbugIvo, puraphalihUdIhabAhU,

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 541 lakkhaNajAlaMkiyapANI, sirivacchaMkiyavisAlavaccho, gayavajjamajjho, akosapaumanAbhI, subaddha vaTTiyaka Dippaeso, turagagujjhadeso, karikarAkArorujuyalo, nigUDhajANumaMDalo, kuruviMdA-' kttasaMThiyapasatthajaMdho, kaNayakummasarisapAdajuyalo, madhuragaMbhIramaNaharagiro, vasabhalaliyagamano, pbhaaprikkhittkNtruuvo|" (nIlayazAlambha: pR. 162) arthAt, yuvAvasthA ko prApta RRSabhasvAmI kA sira chatra ke samAna thA, unake keza dakSiNAvartta, yAnI dAIM ora se ghu~gharAle aura kAle the, unakA mukha pUrNacandra ke samAna manohara thA, unakI donoM bhauheM lambI thIM, khile kamala kI bhA~ti unake netra the, sIdhI lambI nAka unake mukha kI zobhA bar3hAtI thI, unake hoMTha komala pravAla kI bhA~ti lAla the, dantapaMkti ujjvala aura nirmala thI, zaMkha kI AkRti jaisI unakI grIvA cAra aMgula lambI thI, nagaradvAra kI argalA jaisI lambI unakI bhujAe~ thIM, unakI hathelI zubhalakSaNoM se aMkita thI, vizAla vakSaHsthala zrIvatsa se aMkita thA, graiveyaka maNi kI bhA~ti unake zarIra kA madhyabhAga thA, koSahIna, arthAt arddhaprasphuTita kamala kI bhA~ti unakI nAbhi thI, unakA kaTipradeza subaddha aura gola thA, unakA guhyapradeza ghor3e ke samAna thA, unakI jA~gheM hAthI kI sU~r3a jaisI thIM, jAnumaNDala puSTa aura mAMsala thA, jaMghA atizaya prazasta aura kuruvinda maNi ke samAna gola thI, svarNakacchapa kI bhA~ti unake donoM paira the; svara madhura, gambhIra aura manohara thA, vaha vRSabha kI bhA~ti lalitagati se calate the aura isa prakAra unakA kAntarUpa prabhA se samudbhAsita thA / isI krama meM eka zayyA ( palaMga) kA udAtta saundarya bhI darzanIya hai : "surapatinIlamaNisukayacakkavAlaM, navakaNayaciyasukayaphullavirattagaMdhaM, nANArAgabhattiraiyaM, rayaNacittaM, cittakammabibboyaNaM, vipulatUlIyayaveNasamuccaeNaM, acchuyaM bhAgIrahirammapuliNovamaM, pIDhiyAparaMparAgayaM, abhirohiNIyaM sukayaulloyaM, AviddhamalladAmakalAvaM, mahasuhaM sayaNIyamabhirUDho mi / " (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 180 ) arthAt, vasudeva jisa palaMga para car3he, vaha indranIlamaNi se sunirmita cakravAloM (maNDaloM) se suzobhita thA; navIna suvarNa se bane, ataeva gandhahIna phUla usameM jar3e the; vaha aneka raMgoM kI racanAoM se bhUSita thA, vaha ratnajaTita thA, citrakarma dvArA usameM strI kI aneka zRMgAra ceSTAe~ (bibboka) aMkita thIM yA aneka prakAra kI citrakAriyoM se sajjita takiye (takiyAvAcI bibboyaNa : dezI zabda) vipula ruI se bane vividha bichAvana usapara biche the, upayoga ke nimitta kisI ne usakA sparza bhI nahIM kiyA thA, vaha gaMgA ke ramaNIya pulina ke samAna pratIta hotA thA, usameM pIr3hiyoM kI sIr3hiyA~ lagI thIM, AsAnI se usapara car3hA jA sakatA thA, usameM sundara DhaMga se agAsI (chata) kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA, usameM vibhinna mAlAe~ jhUla rahI thiiN| isa prakAra, vaha palaMga mahAn sukha denevAlA thA / pUrI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM isa prakAra ke aneka udAtta saundarya ke citra aMkita haiM 1 isameM vivAha maNDapa, pAlakI, tIrthaMkara kA samavasaraNa, dUkAna, bAjAra, mandira, Azrama, nagara, gozAlA, sarovara, vezyAgRha Adi ke eka-se-eka citra udAtta saundarya ke sandarbha meM avalokanIya haiN|

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542 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA niSkarSaH yahA~ kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI dvArA nirUpita udAtta saundarya ke katipaya pratinidhi citra nidarzana-svarUpa prastuta kiye gaye haiN| kathAkAra kI uparyukta rUpavarNana-zailI meM udAtta kI vidyamAnatA sahaja hI svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| arthAt, kathAkAra ke rUpa-varNana meM asAmAnya abhivyakti kA camatkAra udAtta kI sRSTi karatA hai| pAzcAtya aura paurastya saundaryazAstriyoM dvArA vicchittipUrNa vacobhaMgI meM hI udAtta kI sambhAvanA mAnI gaI hai| isa dRSTi se vacobhaMgI yA vAgmitAkuzala kathAkAra ke ukta saundarya-varNana meM AtmonnayanakArI udAtta zailI kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / kahanA * hogA ki kathAkAra dvArA upanyasta saundaryamUlaka citroM meM cintana kI garimA, bhavya AvegoM aura saMvegoM kA sphUrta-uttejita nirvAha, vAkyAlaMkAroM kA samyak suSThu prayoga, zabda-cayana, sAdRzya-vidhAna evaM alaMkAra-yojanA tathA sthApatya-kauzala kA mahimAmaNDita prayoga Adi udAtta ke niyAmaka antaraMga aura bahiraMga tattvoM kA saniveza bar3I hI samIcInatA se huA hai| udAtta meM bhavya AvegoM kI mahattA ko svIkArate hue DaoN. nagendra ne likhA hai ki bhavya Avega se hamArI AtmA jaise apane-Apa hI uThakara garva se uccAkAza meM vicaraNa karane lagatI hai tathA harSa aura ullAsa se paripUrNa ho uThatI hai| isI prakAra kA Avega udAtta kI sRSTi karatA hai| ' kahanA na hogA ki udAtta kI bhUmikAe~ bahukoNIya haiN| isIlie, pro. jagadIza pANDeya ne udAtta kI carcA ke krama meM sUkSmodAtta, zreyodAtta, parodAtta, vistArodAtta Adi udAtta ke aneka bhedoM kI parikalpanA kI hai| abhinavagupta kI dRSTi se kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI saundaryAnubhUti sArvabhauma hai aura yahI saundaryAnubhUti kathAkAra kI kalAnubhUti kA paryAya hai, jisameM yathArtha ke sAtha Adarza kA bhI alpAdhika samAveza dRSTigata hotA hai| kathAkAra kA saundaryabodha yadi aindriya pratyakSa se sambaddha hai, to saundarya ke grahaNa meM usake anta:karaNa kA yoga bhI ApekSika mahattva rakhatA hai| avazya hI, kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne apane saundarya-citraNa meM AdhyAtmika vRtti, gahana AntarikatA aura vibhinna indriyoM dvArA grAhya prakRti ke prema ko pracura mUlya pradAna kiyA hai| isIlie, sarjanA kI ora unmukha unakI saundaryAnubhUti sahaja hI kalAnubhUti meM pariNata ho gaI hai| kalpanA : saMghadAsagaNI kI sAhityika kalA-cetanA meM kalpanA kA sarvopari sthAna hai| kalpanAzakti . ke mAdhyama se hI kathAkAra ne nUtana sRSTi aura abhinava rUpa-vidhAna kA sAmarthya prApta kiyA hai| kalpanA hI unakI sarjanAzakti kA AdhAra hai| kathAkAra ne kalpanA dvArA eka ora jahA~ vastu-sannikarSa ke sAmAnya prabhAvoM ko surakSita rakhA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vastu-sannikarSa ke mAnasika prabhAvoM se nirmita bimboM ko bhI Akalita karane meM saphalatA Ayatta kI hai| citra yA bimbavidhAyinI zakti hI kalpanA kA paryAya hai| pAzcAtya kalAzAstrI vebasTara ke mata kA anusaraNa karate hue DaoN. kumAra vimala ne kahA hai ki kalpanA kA artha yaha hai ki vaha eka citravidhAyinI 1. kAvya meM udAtta-tattva': bhUmikA : pR. 10 2. udAtta : siddhAnta aura zilpana' :pra. mAtR prakAzana, paTanA, sAsArAma (bihAra) : pR. 13 3. saundaryazAstra ke tattva' (vahIM) : pR.110

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 543 zakti hai| isa kalpanAzakti dvArA kalAkAra pUrvapratyakSita vastuoM athavA pUrvAnubhUta pratyayoM yA bhAvasthitiyoM kA punarbhAvana karatA hai| dUsare artha meM kalpanA eka punarutpAdaka yA puna: pratyakSAdhAyaka zakti hai, jisake dvArA kalAkAra apane anubhava yA anumAna se prApta sAmagrI kA navIna saMyojana, krama yA rUpa-vidhAna prastuta karatA hai| isI saMkula kalpanA ko, sAmAnyata: kalA-AlocanA meM mUrtavidhAyinI yA sarjanAtmaka zakti ('plAsTika oNva kriyeTiva pAvara') kahate haiN| kalAcetA kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI kathA-racanA meM apane paramparAgata anubhava aura tadAdhRta anumAna ke AdhAra para prApta kathA-sAmagrI kA navIna saMyojana aura rUpavidhAna prastuta kiyA hai aura isa krama meM unhoMne apanI udAtta kalpanAzakti yA bimbavidhAyinI zakti kA bhUriza: upayoga kiyA hai| kula milAkara, kathAkAra kI kalpanA aura caitanya ke mizraNa se prasUta kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' dRSTi, dhvani, sparza, ghANa, kriyA aura rasa kI manovijJAna-sammata kalpanA kA adbhuta samAhAra ke rUpa meM upanyasta huA hai| pUrvabhavoM se sambaddha smRti-kathAe~ kathAkAra kI dRSTi-kalpanA ko saMketita karatI haiN| ina kathAoM meM kalAtmaka pratyabhijJAna kI pracura kSamatA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke katipaya kAlpanika prasaMgoM meM dhvani-kalpanA ke bhI bhavya AsaMga milate haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa, gandharvadattAlambha meM saMgIta kI aura viSNukumAracarita meM viSNugIta dvArA stuti kI, isI prakAra vedazyAmapura meM vedadhvani kI tathA priyaMgusundarIlambha meM nATyasaMgIta kI svaralaharI kI kalpanA kI puSkala sahAyatA kathAkAra ne lI hai| isa prakAra kI dhvani-kalpanA, zruta svara-laharI ko AnupUrvI rUpa meM AvRta karane kI kSamatA se sampanna hotI hai| yaha bhI vidita hai ki kAvyakalA ke dhvani-pratIka bhI isI dhvani-kalpanA ke upajIvI hote haiN| sparza-kalpanA ke sahAre sparza-viSayaka bimboM kA vidhAna sahaja ho jAtA hai| yoM to, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sparza-kalpanA ke aneka AyAma udbhAvita hue haiM, kintu do-tIna pratinidhi sparza-kalpanAe~ to pAryantika mahattva rakhatI haiN| prathama, madhu aura candrAbhA kI kathA kI sparza-kalpanA ko leN| kathA hai ki AmalakalpA nagarI kA rAjA bhIma gajapura ke rAjA madhu kI AjJA kA pAlana nahIM karatA thaa| eka dina madhu ne bhIma ko adhInastha karane ke lie yAtrA kI / isI krama meM vaha vaTapura phuNcaa| vahA~ rAjA kanakaratha ne usakA bar3A sammAna kiyA aura use apane ghara le aayaa| svayaM rAnI candrAbhA ne sone kI jhArI se jala ur3elakara madhu ke paira dhoye / rAjA madhu rAnI candrAbhA ke rUpa para rIjha gayA aura usake mRdula karoM ke sparza se kAmAbhibhUta ho utthaa| ('tato mahU tIse rUve pANipallavaphAse ya rajjamANo vammahavattavvayamupagato; pIThikA : pR. 90) / dvitIya, cArudatta aura vasantatilakA ke sparza kI kalpanA ko leN| madhu (madya) ke prabhAva se bhrAntadRSTi cArudatta ko vasantatilakA gaNikA indra kI apsarA ke samAna pratIta hotI thii| cArudatta jaba calane lagA, taba madhu ke prabhAva se usake paira lar3akhar3Ane lge| gaNikA ne apane dAyeM hAtha se cArudatta kI bhujAoM aura mAthe ko sahArA diyaa| lar3akhar3AtA huA cArudatta gaNikA ke gale se laga gyaa| zarIra ke sparza se hI cArudatta ko anabhava haA ki sahArA denevAlI strI nizcaya hI indra kI apsarA hai| phalata: cArudatta meM kAmabhAva jAgarita ho AyA aura usakA sArA zarIra romAMcita ho uThA / ("mayA vi ya khalaMtagatiNA kaMThe avalaMbiyA, gattaphariseNa ya 'vAsavaaccharA esA dhuva' tti saMjAyamayaNo kaMTayiyasavvaMgo."; gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 143) /

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544 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA tRtIya, adbhuta vAtsalyasUcaka sparza-kalpanA dekheM / cirakAla se bichur3e apane zizu putra ko yuvA pradyumna ke rUpa meM pAkara rukmiNI ke bahuta dinoM se ruke A~sU baha cale aura usane apane yuvA putra ko AliMgana meM le liyA aura phira goda meM baiThAkara apane jharate stana ko usake mu~ha meM DAla diyaa| ('mAUe cirakAlaruddhaM ca bAhaM muyaMtIe avatAsiu, ... abhiNaMdiu, ucchaMge nivesAviUNa diNNo muhe thaNo; pIThikA : pR. 96) / nizcaya hI, isa prakAra kI sparza-kalpanAoM dvArA kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne sparzaparaka bimboM kA manohArI aMkana kiyA hai| isI prakAra, kathAkAra kI prANa-kalpanA bhI atizaya samRddha hai| vAtsalyavaza bAlaka kA mAthA sUMghanA, paMcadivya utpanna hone ke krama meM gandhodaka kA barasanA, maNDapa yA ghara kI sajAvaTa ke krama meM use dhUpa se adhivAsita karanA yA barAta kI zobhAyAtrA ke krama meM yuvatiyoM dvArA khir3akiyoM se vara kI pAlakI para gandhacUrNa bikheranA, khAdya-sAmagrI meM sugandha kA anubhava karanA, gandhamukhI bAlA lazunikA ko sugandhamukhI banAnA Adi kathAkAra dvArA ghANa-kalpanA kI zakti se nirmita bimba haiN| isase kathAkAra ke gandhabodha yA ghrANa-kalpanA kI tIvratA kA saMketa prApta hotA hai / kathAkAra kI ghANa-kalpanA ke katipaya prasaMga udAharttavya hai : __'savvosahi ba joiyagaMdhajuttimiva surahi' (bhojana : 352.8), 'gosIsacaMdaNacchaDAhiM kAlAyarudhUvavAsiyAhiM disAmuhAI surahigaMdhagabmiNA pakaremANIe (zivikA : 347.15-16) 'paDhamameva gaMdhasalilAvasittA kayA samosaraNabhUmI' (samavasaraNaH 345.24), 'naMdaNavaNa-malayasamunbhUyakusumAmoyasuhagaMdhavAhaNaghANAmayapasAdajaNaNaNIhArasurahigaMdhI' (zAntinAtha : 340.1516); ghANamaNadaiyadhUvadhUvio' (svayaMvara-maNDapa : 314.11), 'tato geNa palaMDu-lasuNavekaDa-hiMgUNi chagalamutteNa saha rujhyANi sarAvasaMpuDeNa ANIyANi. saMbo ya sabhAdvAre vilito ghANapaDikUleNaM lsunnaadijoenn| teNa ya gaMdheNa parabbhAhato sabhAgao kumAraloo sNvriynkkduvaaro| samaMtao vipalAo' (durgandha : 106.6-10); 'muhassa me paDikUlo gaMdho lasuNopamo' .(218.17); lasuNagandhiM ca dAriyaM sugaMdhamuhi ca kAhiti (lazunikA : 220.15) aadi-aadi| kriyA-kalpanA dRSTi-kalpanA ke hI samIpI hai| kriyA-kalpanA kalA ke una nidarzanoM meM pracura mahattva rakhatI hai, jinameM saMsmaraNAzrayI bimbavidhAna prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| DaoN. kumAra vimala' ke anusAra, atIta se sambaddha kalAtmaka sandarbha kriyA-kalpanA se sahAyatA lete haiM, inameM Azraya aura Alambana ke pArasparika vyavahAra, kriyA aura pratikriyA ko smRti ke sahAre duharAyA jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM ullikhita jAtismaraNa yA avadhijJAna ko sandarmita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kathApAtra ke mAdhyama se cAhe ve Azraya (rasagrahItA) hoM yA Alambana (rasotpatti kA AdhArabhUta puruSa yA vastu), jAtismaraNa ke sahAre unake pArasparika vyavahAra aura kriyA-pratikriyAoM kI AvRtti dvArA saMsmaraNAzrayI bimba-vidhAna meM tato'dhika kRtakArya hue haiN| isalie, kriyA-kalpanA para AdhRta unake bimbavidhAna prAya: gatizIla haiN| isI gatizIlatA kA pariNAma hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' ke pAtroM ke vyaktitva kSaNabhara meM hI anukUla se pratikUla yA pratikUla se anukUla ho jAte haiN| kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM jAtismaraNa aura avadhijJAna-rUpa atIta smRti se sambaddha kalAtmaka sandarbha ko kriyA-kalpanA ke mAdhyama se bhUyiSThatA ke sAtha citrita kiyA gayA hai| 1. 'saundaryazAstra ke tattva' (vahI) : pR. 111

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 545 isI prakAra, rasa-kalpanA ke mAdhyama se bhI kathAkAra ne aprastutayojanA meM guNamUlaka sAmya upasthita karane ke lie bhogya vastuoM ke svAda - bodha se kAma liyA hai| vasudeva apanI patniyoM ke sAtha paMcalakSaNa viSaya ke aniyantrita AsvAda kA mudita mana se sevana karate haiM / ' sevai maM icchiehiM bhoyaNA'cchAyaNagaMdhamallehiM' (349.15); 'tatya ya paidivasaparivaDDUmANa-bhogasamudao nivasAmi' (281.18-19 ) ' tato haM somasirIsahito devo viva devisahio rAyavihiyabhoyaNaucchAdanagaMdha malleNa paricArakopaNIehiM maNicchiehiM paribhogadavvehiM sapiNaehiM iTThavisayasuhasAyarAvagADho nirussuo viharAmi (224.10 -12), 'paribhogo viulo' (208.14) Adi sandarbha kathAkAra kI rasa-kalpanA ke hI nidarzana haiM / isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne rUpa, rasa, gandha, zabda aura sparzamUlaka kalpanAoM kI vistAra - zakti se Atizayya - garbha aprastutayojanA upasthita karane adbhuta kSamatA kA paricaya diyA hai| kahanA na hogA ki kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI kalpanAza meM 'aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn' ke tattva apanI bahurUpatA ke sAtha vidyamAna haiN| isIlie unhoMne viSNukumAra (gandharvadattAlambha) ke vAmana aura virAT donoM rUpoM kI kalpanA kI hai| yA phira, nAyikAoM ke nakha-zikha-varNana ke krama meM kisI nAyikA ko 'kamalamaulasaNNihapayoharA' (azvasenA : 208.12) kahA hai, to kisI ko 'mahAnivesaniraMtarahArapariNaddhatAlaphalANukAripaoharA' (gandharvadattA : 132.21 - 22) yA 'thaNajuyaleNa ya pINuNNaya-niraMtareNa bAlatAlaphalasirIM' (jAmbavatI : 79.18.19) bhI kahA hai / nizcaya hI, yaha prasaMga, manovaijJAnikoM ke siddhAntAnusAra, bhinna-bhinna avasaroM para kalpanA kI kriyAoM yA upakriyAoM ke parivartita hote rahane kI ora saMketa karatA hai / isalie kathAkAra ne eka ora kamala-mukula ke sAtha payodhara ke sAdRzya ke krama meM kalpanA kI laghimA se kAma liyA hai, to dUsarI ora payodhara kA tAlaphala se sAmya dikhalAne ke lie kalpanA ke vistAra kA Azraya liyA hai| isI prakAra, 'vAeriyajalabubbuo iva vilINo poto' (pR. 253 : paM. 16) jaise prayoga meM vizAla jalamagna jahAja kA pAnI ke bulabule se sAdRzya upasthita karake kathAkAra ne kalpanA kI laghimA kA bimbavidhAyaka camatkAra pradarzita kiyA hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne sarvatra svecchAnusAra apanI kalpanA kI laghimA (saMkoca) aura tanimA (vistAra) ko vibhinna AsaMgoM meM atizaya prAyogika manohAritA ke sAtha upanyasta kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI kalpanAoM ko bimbita karane ke lie alaMkRta bhASA, dUsare kI mana:sthiti kA sahAnubhUtipUrNa kathana, sAdRzya-vidhAna yA aprastutayojanA, jIvanta citravidhAna evaM udAharaNoM ke sArthaka saMcayana Adi kaI ullekhanIya viziSTa zailpika pravidhiyoM se kAma liyA hai| saMghadAsagaNI kI kalpanA itanI saTIka yA aindrajAlika kendraNazIlatA kI zakti se sampanna hai ki vaha virodhI ativAdoM ke bIca santulana sthApita karatI hai aura paricita yA prAcIna vastuoM meM bhI asAdhAraNa bhAvabodha ke kAraNa abhinavatA kA cAmatkArika AdhAna karatI hai / saMghadAsagaNI eka sArasvata kathAkAra the| isalie, unameM kArayitrI aura bhAvayitrI donoM prakAra kI pratibhAe~ thIM / prasiddha kAvyAlocaka rAjazekhara ne pratibhA ko vyutpatti se adhika mahattva diyA hai| unhoMne pratibhA ko mUrti - vidhAyinI zakti ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue likhA hai ki jise pratibhA nahIM hai, usake lie aneka pratyakSa padArtha bhI parokSa se pratIta hote haiN| rAjazekhara 1. 'kAvyamImAMsA' : a. 4

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA dvArA nirdezita pratibhA Adhunika kAvyAlocana kI kalpanA se atyadhika sAmya rakhatI hai| kyoMki, kalpanA meM apratyakSa ko pratyakSa kara dene kI zakti rahatI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM varNita kalpavRkSa, vibhinna vidyAe~, aneka prakAra ke kalpa (svarga), sAdhuoM aura vidyAdharoM kA AkAza-saMcaraNa, ajapatha, zaMkupatha, vetrapatha, suvarNadvIpa, raladvIpa, pazuoM kA manuSyabhASA meM bolanA, vibhinna mithaka aura kathArUDhiyA~ kathAkAra kI isI pratibhA yA kalpanA-zakti ke udAharaNa haiN| __rAjazekhara ne bhI apratyakSa dezAntara, dvIpAntara evaM kathApuruSoM ke pratyakSavat sajIva varNana ko ukta mUrttividhAyinI aura adRzyagocarakAriNI pratibhA kA pariNAma mAnA hai| rAjazekhara-pUrvavartI AcAryoM ne prAya: kavipratibhA, arthAt kArayitrI yA racanAtmaka kalpanA para hI vicAra kiyA thA, kintu rAjazekhara ne prathama bAra prAcIna kAvyazAstra meM upekSita bhAvaka, pAThaka yA Alocaka ke pAsa rahanevAlI bhAvayitrI pratibhA, arthAt grAhikA kalpanA para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| DaoN. kumAra vimala ne kahA hai ki rAjazekhara dvArA nirUpita sArasvata kavi kI sahajA kArayitrI pratibhA kaoNlarija, kroce evaM anya aneka Adhunika vicArakoM kI bimbavidhAyinI kalpanA se pRthula sAmya rakhatI hai| kahanA na hogA ki prAcIna saMskRta-AcAryoM meM mUrdhanya bhaTTatota, kuntaka abhinavagupta, vAmana, mammaTa aura paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne bhI 'pratibhA' ke sandarbha meM usake vibhinna nAmoM aura rUpoM se apanA vAgvistAra kiyA hai| zAstradIkSita kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne jisa pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai, vaha abhinavagupta kI pratibhA, arthAt 'apUrvavastunirmANakSamA prajJA ke adhika nikaTavartI hai| tadanusAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI pratibhA yA kalpanA ke dvArA mAnasika rUpavidhAna, bimbavidhAna athavA mUrtavidhAna kI apUrva zakti kA pradarzana kiyA hai| nissandeha, unhoMne apanI kathAsRSTi meM rasAtmaka pariveza ke sAtha vizada saundarya ke nirUpaNapUrvaka virAT kathA-pratibhA kA pratyabhijJAna prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne apanI cintana-zakti aura kalpanA kI nipuNatA tathA zAstrIya abhyAsa se paripuSTa 'vyutpatti' kA Azraya lekara prastuta viSaya 'vasudevacarita' ko eka nUtana pariveza aura saMyojana pradAna kiyA hai, jisase 'vasudevahiNDI' jaisI 'bahukAlavaNNaNijja' abhirAma kathA kI parama adbhuta sRSTi huI hai| prAcIna AcAryoM kI pratibhA' aura Adhunika saundaryazAstra kI 'kalpanA' meM bahuza: sAmya hai| saMghadAsagaNI kI mAnasika sarjanAzakti aura racanAtmaka kalpanAzakti dvArA 'vasudevahiNDI' meM eka vizAla nandatika loka ('estheTika yunivarsa') kI sthApanA huI hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM kaheM, to 'vasudevahiNDI' saMghadAsagaNI kI eka aisI mAnasika kathAsRSTi hai, jisameM kalpanA kI udAttatA aura saundaryabodha kI ramaNIyatA ke sAtha sammUrtana kI apUrva kSamatA aura bhAvodbodhana ke mohaka aura vilakSaNa guNoM kA vipula viniyoga huA hai| bimba: kalpanA, bimba aura pratIka meM AnukramikatA yA pUrvAparatA kA bhAva nihita hai| kalpanA se AvirbhUta honevAlI bimbAtmakatA hI pratIka-vidhAna kI jananI hotI hai| kRtadhI navyAlocaka 1. kAvyamImAMsA' : a.4 2. saundaryazAstra ke tattva' (vahI) : pR.126 3. dhvanyAlokalocana', caukhambA-saMskaraNa : pR.92

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 547 DaoN. kumAra vimala ne apanI saundaryazAstra-viSayaka pAryantika kRti 'saundaryazAstra ke tattva' meM gambhIra sAhityika vaiduSya kA paricaya dete hue saundarya, kalpanA, bimba aura pratIka para bar3I vizadatA se vicAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra, kalpanA jaba mUrta rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, taba bimboM kI sRSTi hotI hai aura jaba bimba pratimita yA vyutpatra athavA prayoga ke pauna:punya se kisI nizcita artha meM nirdhArita ho jAte haiM, taba unase pratIkoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa prakAra, bimba, kalA-vivecana ke sandarbha meM kalpanA aura pratIka kA madhyavartI hai| bimba-vidhAna kalAkAra kI amUrta sahajAnubhUti ko indriyagrAhyatA pradAna karatA hai| isalie, use kalpanA kA punarutpAdana kahanA yuktiyukta hogaa| arthAt, bimboM kI prApti kalpanA ke punarutpAdana se hI sambhava hai| kalpanA se yadi 'sAmAnya' vicAra-citroM kI upalabdhi hotI hai, to bimba se 'vizeSa' citroM kii| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aneka aise kalAtmaka citra haiM, jo apanI vizeSatA se manorama bimboM kI udbhAvanA karate haiN| bimboM ko sAdRzyAzrita rUpaka taka sImita kara unheM alaMkAravAdiyoM kI taraha alaMkRta ukti-vaicitrya mAnanA saMgata nahIM hai| isalie, saundaryazAstriyoM kI yaha avadhAraNA hai ki kalA-jagat ke bimba mAnava kI aindriya anubhUti ke kalAtmaka aMkana hote haiN| isalie, unakA saiddhAntika niSkarSa hai ki vastuniSThatA aura aindriya bodha bimba-vidhAna ke Avazyaka tattva haiN| dhyAtavya hai ki bimba-vidhAna meM sadRzatA yA tulanAtmakatA ke tattva mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| sAdRzyamUlaka rUpaka, upamA yA mUrtIkaraNa kisI bhI mAdhyama se aprastutayojanA meM bimba-vidhAna kA viniyoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| arthAt, kalpanAzakti se aprastuta ko navIna sandarbha dene se bimba kI sRSTi hotI hai| isalie, bimba-vidhAna aprastutayojanA kA hI pratirUpa haiN| DaoN. kumAra vimala dvArA upasthApita paribhASA ke anusAra, jaba kalAkAra apane amUrta marma-saMvegoM kI yathAtathya abhavyakti ke lie bAhya jagat se (AveSTanagata) aisI vastuoM ko kalA ke phalaka para isa rUpa meM upasthita karatA hai ki hama bhI unake bhAvana se vaise hI marma-saMvega kI prApti kara sakeM, jisase kalAkAra pahale hI gujara cukA hai, taba una yojita vastuoM kI vaisI prastuti ko hama bimba-vidhAna kahate haiN|' bimba-viMdhAna kalA kA kriyApakSa hai aura bimboM ke kalpanA se udbhata hone ke kAraNa unake vidhAna ke samaya kalpanA satata kAryazIla rahatI hai| aura cU~ki, kalpanA kA smRti se ghaniSTha sambandha rahatA hai, isalie bimba-vidhAna ke nimitta smRti sarvAdhika Avazyaka hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' saMsmaraNAzrita mAnasika punarnirmANa hai, jisameM atIta kI saMvedanAtmaka anubhUti surakSita hai, isalie atIta-darzana ke AdhAra para nirmita yaha kathAkRti adhika bimbagarbha hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vAstavika aura kAlpanika donoM prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM se bimboM kA nirmANa huA hai| isa krama meM kathAkAra ne bimba-nirmANa ke kaI prakAroM kA Azraya liyA hai| jaise, kucha bimba to dRzya ke sAdRzya ke AdhAra para nirmita haiM aura kucha saMvedana kI pratikRti se nirmita hue haiN| isI prakAra, katipaya bimba kisI mAnasika dhAraNA yA vicAraNA se nirmita hue haiM, to kucha bimboM kA nirmANa kisI vizeSa artha ko dyotita karanevAlI ghaTanAoM se huA hai| puna: kucha bimba upamAna yA aprastuta se, to kucha prastuta tathA aprastuta donoM pakSoM para lAgU honevAle zleSa se nirmita hue haiN| kalpanA kI bhA~ti bimba bhI vibhinna indriyoM, jaise cakSu, ghrANa, zravaNa, sparza, AsvAda Adi se nirmita 1. saundaryazAstra ke tattva' : (vahI) pR. 203-204

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548 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA hote haiN| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prastuta bimboM ke adhyayana se unakI prakRti ke sAtha hI yuga kI vicAradhArA kA bhI patA calatA hai| kula milAkara, bimba eka prakAra kA rUpavidhAna hai aura aindriya AkarSaNa hI kisI kalAkAra ko bimba-vidhAna kI ora prerita karatA hai / rUpa-vidhAna hone ke kAraNa hI adhikAMza bimba dRzya athavA cAkSuSa hote haiN| kathAkAra dvArA nirmita zrAvastI ke eka mandira tathA usameM pratiSThata mahiSa-pratimA kA cAkSuSa bimba-vidhAna draSTavya hai: "maNuyalogavimhiyacchAe passAmi tatthegadese purapAgArasarisapAgAraparigayaM viNayaNayadharApagAravalayamullokapecchaNijjamA''yayaNaM suNivesiyavalabhicaMdasAliyajAlAloyaNakavoyamApA)lipavirAiyakaNayathUbhiyAgaM osahipajjaliyasihararayayagirikUDabhUyaM / ... passAmi khaMbha'TThasayabhUsiyaM maMDavaM vivihktttthkmmovsohiyN| baMbhAsaNatthiyaM ca jAlagihamajhagayaM, siliTThariTThamaNinimmaiyakAyaM, pahANasurarAyanIlanimmiyasiNiddhasiMgaM, lohiyakkhaparikkhittavipulakAkAraNayaNaM, mahAmollakamalarAgaghaDiyakhurappaesaM, mahallamuttAhalavimissakaMcaNakiMkiNImAlA-pariNaddhagIvaM, tipAyaM mahiSaM passiUNa pucchiyo myaa...|" (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 268) arthAt, vahA~ (zrAvastI meM) maiMne (vasudeva ne) eka ora manuSyaloka kI dRSTi ko vismita karanevAlA mandira dekhaa| vaha mandira nagara ke prAkAra kI taraha prAkAra se ghirA huA thA; usa mandira kI bhUmi vinaya aura naya se AveSTita pratIta hotI thI; usakI ujjvalatA bar3I darzanIya thI, usake chajje, aTArI aura jharokhe bar3I sundaratA se banAye gaye the; usake sone ke kaMgUre para kapotamAlA virAja rahI thI aura usakA zikhara (gumbada) oSadhi se prajvalita rajatagiri (vaitADhya parvata) kI coTI ke samAna thA / *usa mandira meM maiMne ATha sau khambhoM se vibhUSita tathA vividha kASThakarma se upazobhita maNDapa dekhaa| isake bAda tIna pairoMvAlA eka bhaiMsA dekhA, jo jAlagRha meM brahmAsana para baiThA thA; kAle ratna se usake zarIra kI sundara racanA kI gaI thI; uttama cikanI indranIlamaNi ke sIMga the; lohitAkSamaNi se gar3hI gaI usakI bar3I-bar3I lAla A~kheM thIM, kImatI padmarAgamaNi se usake khuroM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA aura gale meM mUlyavAn motI-jar3e sone ke ghugharuoM kA mAlA par3I thii| prastuta avataraNa meM manorama cAkSuSa bimba ('oNpTikala imeja') kA vidhAna huA hai| isa aindriya bimba meM dRzya ke sAdRzya para rUpa-vidhAna to huA hI hai, upamAna yA aprastuta ke dvArA bhI saMvedana yA tIvra anubhUti kI pratikRti ke mAdhyama se sthApatya-bimba kA hRdayAvarjanakArI nirmANa huA hai| isameM vAstavika aura kAlpanika donoM prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM se nirmita bimba tathyabodhaka bhAva-vizeSa kA saphala saMvahana karate haiM / kathAkAra dvArA varNita mahiSa aura mandira kA yaha indriyagamya bimba saundaryabodhaka aura sAtizaya kalArucira bhI hai| mandira kI bhUmi ke naya-vinaya se AveSTita hone meM yadyapi hameM koI aindriya tathyabodhakatA nahIM milatI, tathApi isa sandarbha kI nizcita arthavattA asandigdha hai aura isa dRSTi se yaha rUpa-citraNa vikasita bimba kI koTi meM parigaNanIya hai| isI krama meM, kathAkAra kI udAtta kalpanA dvArA nirmita mAtaMgadArikA nIlayazA kA cAkSuSa bimba draSTavya hai : "aNNammi ya avagAse samama'samIve diTThA ya mayA kaNNA kAliMgA mAyaMgI jaladAgamasammucchiyA viva megharAsI, bhUsaNapahANuraMjiyasarIrA saNakkhattA viya savvarI, mAyaMgadAriyAhiM somarUvAhiM pariviyA knnnnaa|...tto dhavaladasaNappahAe joNhAmiva kareMtIe tAe bhaNiyaM- evaM kIrau, jai tumhaM royai tti / kusumiyaasogapAyavasaMsiyA maMdamAruyapakaMpiyA

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549 vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva iva layA paNacciyA |...tto sA dhavaleNa loyaNajuyalasaMcAreNa kumuyadalamayaM disAvalimiva kuNamANI, pANikamalavicchobheNa kamalakisalayasirimAvahatI, kamAgayapAuddhAreNa sArasArasasobhamuvvahaMtI ncci|" (nIlayazAlambha : pR. 155) arthAt, anyatra eka ora thor3I hI dUra para eka caNDAlakanyA mujhe (vasudeva ko) dikhAI par3I, jo raMga meM sajala megha kI taraha kAlI thI aura rUpa meM zreSTha AbhUSaNoM se anuraMjita zarIravAlI vaha tAroM se jagamagAtI rajanI kI taraha lagatI thii| saumyarUpavAlI vaha kanyA katipaya mAtaMgabAlikAoM se ghirI huI thii|...(baalikaaoN ne jaba use nAcane ke lie kahA, taba) cA~danI kI taraha dantakAnti chiTakAtI huI usane kahA : 'jo tumheM pasanda ho, vahI kruuNgii|' isake bAda vaha azokavRkSa se lipaTI aura manda-manda havA se kampita latA kI bhA~ti nAcane lgii| vaha jaba nRtya ke krama meM A~khoM kA saMcAra karatI, taba dizAe~ jaise kumudamaya ho jaatiiN| hAtha kI bhaMgimA to sAkSAt kamalapuSpa kI kAnti bikheratI aura krama se jaba vaha pairoM ko uThAkara nAcatI, taba uttama sArasI kI bhA~ti usakI zobhA mohaka ho utthtii| prastuta sandarbha meM kathAkAra-nirmita upamAna aura rUpakAzrita indriyagamya bimboM kA bAhulya hai, jinheM bhAva-jagat ke eka anubhUta mahArgha satya kI rUpAtmaka abhivyakti kaha sakate haiN| bimba-vidhAna kAvya kI vikasita dazA kA udAttIkaraNa hai| kAvya kI vikasita dazA meM pratIka, rUpaka aura upamA ke mAdhyama se bananevAle bimboM kA apanA mahattva hotA hai| ukta avataraNa meM kamala hAtha kA pratIka hai, to nRtyagata kramika padakSepa uttama sArasI kI gati kaa| isI prakAra, upameya mAtaMgakanyA ke lie megharAzi, nakSatrayukta rAtri (tAroM se jamagamAtI rAta) tathA azoka pAdapAzrita mandamArutAndolita latA upamAna ke rUpa meM prayukta huI hai| pana: dhavala dazanapaMkti meM cA~danI evaM locana meM kumuda kA rUpAropa huA hai| isa prakAra kathAkAra dvArA mAtaMgI kA jo bimba upanyasta huA hai, vaha upamA, rUpaka aura pratIka ke Azrita hokara usakI apUrva sundaratA, sukumAratA, nRtyakalA-kuzalatA Adi aneka gUDhArthoM kI keMnA karatA hai| 'kAlikA' tathA 'sanakSatrA zarvarI' kA prayoga 'kAle' raMgabodha se sampRkta hai, isalie yaha bimba cAkSuSa pratIti se sambaddha hai| mandamArutAndolita latA ke bimba meM sparza kI pratIti nihita hai| AbhUSaNoM se anuraMjita hone ke kAraNa usameM antardhvanita jhaMkAra kA bodha zrAvaNa-pratIti se sambaddha hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne mAtaMgI ke eka bimba meM aneka bimboM kA mohaka samAhAra yA mizraNa upasthita kiyA hai| kalA-jagat meM bimboM kI pracuratA rahatI hai| kintu, prApya sabhI bimboM meM cAkSuSa bimba ko kalAzAstriyoM ne atyadhika utkRSTa mAnakara use paryApta mahattva pradAna kiyA hai| kahanA na hogA ki kalAmarmajJa kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM cAkSuSa bimboM kI bharamAra hai| vizeSakara pramukha strI-pAtroM yA puruSa-pAtroM ke varNana meM kathAkAra dvArA kiyA gayA bimba-vidhAna vismayAbhibhUta karane kI zakti se saMvalita hai| phira bhI, kathAkAra mizrita bimba prastuta karane meM vizeSa dakSa pratIta hotA hai| yahA~ aTavI kA eka mizrita bimba darzanIya hai| "pattA ya mo NANAviharukkhagahaNaM, valli-layAbaddhaguccha-gummaM, girikaMdaranijharodariyabhUmibhAga, NANAvihasauNaraDiyasabANuNAiyaM, aIva bhIsaNakara, bhiMgAravirasarasiyapaura; katthai vagdha-'cchabhallaghurughureMtamuhalaM, vAnara-sAhAmiehiM ravamANasaI, pukkAriya-duMduyAieNa ya kaNNa

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550 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saddAlabhIsaNakaraM; puliMdavittAsiehi ya vaNahatthiviMdaehiM gulaguleMtabahulaM; katyai maDamaDassabhajjaMtasallaivaNaM; katyai vocchaDiyasamiti-taMdula-mAsa-bhiNNaghayaghaDiyA kUraUkhalIo ya paviddhatellabhAyaNe ya bahuvidhapayAre chattayauvAhaNAu ya chaDDiyAu pAsiUNa ciMtiyaM myaa|" (dhammillahiNDI : pR.44)| isa prasaMga meM zravya kalAoM ke lie vizeSa utkarSa-vidhAyaka zrAvaNa bimba kI dhvani-kalpanA kA camatkAra pratyakSa ho uThA hai| isase kathAkAra kI zruti-cetanA kA vismayakArI paricaya milatA hai| isI avataraNa meM banaile hAthI se vitrAsita sAtharvAhoM dvArA taiyAra khAdya-sAmagrI, ghI kI hA~r3I tathA bhAta se bhare thAla aura tela ke baratana chor3akara bhAgane kI kalpanA meM AsvAdamUlaka bimba kA manohArI vidhAna haA hai| prakatyAzrita bhayAnaka rasa kA yaha bimba apane-Apa meM advitIya hai| vibhinna jaMgalI jAnavaroM kI AvAja se guMjAyamAna aTavI kI bhayotpAdaka gahanatA ko citrAtmaka abhivyakti dene ke lie kathAkAra dvArA varNita isa prasaMga meM saMzliSTa bimboM kI rucira yojanA huI hai| ye sahaja hI mizraNazIla aura sphUrta bimboM ke udAharaNa haiM, jo eka vana kI bhISaNa AkRti kI vyaMjanA meM samartha haiN| kathAkAra dvArA nirmita bhayAnaka sarpa kA cAkSuSa bimba bhI isI krama meM draSTavya hai : "pecchAmo ya paMthammi ThiyaM purato, aMjaNapuMjanigarappayAsaM, nillAliyajamalajuyalajIha ukkar3a-phuDa-viyaDa-kuDila-kakkhaGa-viyaDaphaDADovakaraNadacchaM tibhAgUsiyasarIraM mahAbhogaM naag| (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 45) ) / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ke rUpa-vidhAna kI paribhASA ke anusAra, yaha sarpabimba pratyakSa rUpa-vidhAna kA romAMcakara udAharaNa hai| aMjana ke Dhera ke samAna yaha sarpa apanI donoM jIbhoM ko lapalapA rahA hai, vikarAlatA ke sAtha phuphakAratA, phana kAr3hatA aura apane zarIra ke eka-tihAI hisse ko upara uThAye hue, vaha sAmane rAste para khar3A hai| punaH bhayotpAdaka bAgha kA puruSa cAkSuSa bimba bhI darzanIya hai : "pecchAmo ya aparitaMtakayaMtanivvaDiyadukkhaM, purato palaMbatakesarasaDhaM mahallaviphAliyanaMgUlaM ratuSpalapattaniyaranillAliyaggajIhaM AbhaMgurakuDila-itikkhadADhaM UsaviyadIhanaMgUlaM abhIsaNakaraM vagdhaM / " (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 45) yaha vyAghabimba bhI pratyakSa rUpa-vidhAna kA Avarjaka nidarzana hai| bhayAnaka hote hue bhI bAgha kA yaha bimba mohaka aura darzanIya hai : yaha bAgha duHkha dene meM sadA prasanna yama ke samAna thA, usake kesara bar3e lambe the, vaha apanI bar3I pU~cha ko phaTakAra rahA thA aura lAla kamaladala kI bhA~ti jIbha ko bAhara nikAla rahA thA, usakA jabar3A atizaya kuTila aura tIkhA thA, vaha apanI lambI pU~cha ko Upara uThAye hue thA, jisase hI bahuta hI DarAvanA laga rahA thaa| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI pratyakSa rUpa-vidhAna ke tahata kalpanApravaNa komala bimboM kI avatAraNA meM jitane kuzala haiM, paruSa bimboM ke vidhAna meM bhI unakI pratibhA kI dvitIyatA nahIM hai| . isI prakAra, kathAkAra ne kruddha mahiSa, hAthI, ghor3e Adi ke bhI bhayAnaka paruSa bimboM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| ina sabhI pratyakSa rUpa-vidhAnoM meM tAtkAlika aindriya anubhava kI pradhAnatA hai|

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 551 pratyakSa rUpavidhAna ke antargata myAna se nikalI talavAra kA eka udAtta kalpanAmUlaka cAkSuSa bimba darzanIya hai : __"TThiA ya tilatilladhArAsacchamA, ayasikusumaacchinIlasappabhA, accherayapecchaNijjA, bhamati va pasaNNayAe, uppayati vva lahuyayAe, vijjumiva duppecchA darisaNijjA y|" (dhammillacarita : pR. 67) arthAt, myAna se nikalI talavAra tila ke tela kI dhArA ke samAna cikanI thI, tIsI ke phUla aura A~kha ke samAna nIlI thI aura Azcarya ke sAtha prekSaNIya thii| vaha prasannatA se mAnoM ghUma rahI thI, halkepana ke kAraNa mAnoM ur3a rahI thI aura vidyut kI bhA~ti duSprekSya hone para bhI .. darzanIya thii| __ kahanA na hogA ki prastuta cAkSuSa bimba ke aMkana meM kathAkAra ne apane raMgabodha kA manorama paricaya upanyasta kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM, yuvatI ke A~cala se nikale, jAvakarasa kI bhA~ti pANDura payodhara ke raMgabodhaparaka bimba kA udAtta saundarya draSTavya hai : 'pAvaraNaMtaraviNiggayamiva jAvayarasapaMDuraM juvtipohrN|' isa prakAra ke aneka raMgabodhaka bimba kathAkAra ne apanI bhAvapravaNa kalpanA ke mAdhyama se samudbhAvita kiye haiN| 'rasamImAMsA' (pR.358) meM varNita AcArya zuklajI ke smRta rUpa-vidhAna ke antargata udAhartavya hai rAjagRha nagara, jisake cAkSuSa sthApatya-bimba kI manohAritA vismayajanaka rUpa meM upasthApita kI gaI hai : _ "tatya magahAjaNavae rAyagihaM nAma nagaraM dUrAvagADhavitthayasalilakhAtovagUDhadaDhataratuMgaparANIyabhayadapAgAraparigayaM, bahuvihanayaNAbhirAmajalabhAragaruyajalaharagamaNavighAtakarabhavaNabhariyaM, aNegavAhaparimANapavvayaM, divvAcArapabhavaM, bhaMDasaMgahaviNiyogakhamaM, susIlamAhaNasamaNasusayaNaatihipUvanirayavANiyajaNovaveyaM, rahaturayajaNoghajaNiyareNugaM, myglmaatNgdaannpaanniypsmiyvitthinnraaymgN|" (kathotpatti : pR. 2) prastuta smRta rUpa-vidhAna meM rAjagRha ke atIta sthApatya kI smRti ke sahAre nUtana vastuvyApAra-vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vastu-vyApAra-vidhAna kA yaha krama smRti se anuzAsita rahakara atIta kA yathAkrama anuvarddhana karatA hai, jo mUlata: pratyakSa rUpa-vidhAna para hI Azrita hotA hai| zuklajI ne kevala kalpita rUpa-vidhAna ko hI vizuddha kalpanA kA kSetra mAnA hai aura isI ke antargata kAvya ke sampUrNa rUpa-vidhAna ko svIkRta kiyA hai| isa prakAra, bimba yA rUpa-vidhAna ke lie kalpanA kA sAtizaya mahattva siddha hotA hai| ___ kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI dvArA upanyasta kalpita rUpa-vidhAna ke udAharaNoM meM vidyAdhara jAti ke bhUtoM kA bIbhatsa bimba yahA~ draSTavya hai : "tatya ya gayamayagaNA gIyavAiyaraveNa mahayA asi-satti-koMta-tomara-moggara-parasuhatthA bhUIkayaMgarAyA migacammaNiyaMsaNA phuTTa-kavila-kesA kasiNabhuyaMgamapalaMbavegacchiyA ayakarakayaparivArA laMbodaroruvayaNA godhuMdura-naula-saraDakaNNapUrA vAravarabahurUvadharA sappabhUyA ya se purato paNacciyA bhuuyaa|" (ketumatIlambha : pR.336)

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552 ... vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA ___ arthAt, vahA~ bahuta sAre bhUta aaye| ve apane hAthoM meM talavAra, trizUla, bhAlA, bANa, mudgara aura pharasA liye hue the; zarIra meM unhoMne bhasma lapeTa rakhA thA; ve mRgacarma pahane hue the; unake keza bhUre aura bikhare hue the aura kAle lambe sA~pa kA uttarAsaMga dhAraNa kiye hue the| unhoMne gale meM ajagara lapeTa rakhA thA; unake peTa, jA~gha aura mu~ha bar3e vizAla the, unhoMne goha, cUhA, nevalA aura giragiTa ke karNaphUla pahana rakhe the tathA bAra-bAra aneka prakAra se rUpa badalate the| (megharatha aura usakI rAnI priyamitrA ke Age) una bhUtoM ne gIta aura vAdya ke gambhIra svara ke sAtha nRtya kiyaa| ___ yaha prasaMga hAsya, bIbhatsa, bhayAnaka, raudra, zAnta, zRMgAra aura adbhuta rasoM kA samekita bimba prastuta karatA hai| yahA~ saphala bimbagrahaNa aura bimbavidhAna ke lie kathAkAra ne bhayAnaka saundarya kI adbhuta kalpanA kI hai| yadyapi kathAkAra dvArA nirmita yaha bimba kevala zabdAzrita hai| ___ isa prakAra, kathAkAra dvArA aneka zabdAzrita aura bhAvAzrita bimboM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jinameM bhASA aura bhAva donoM pakSoM kA sArthaka samAveza huA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM aneka aise sthala sulabha haiM, jahA~ kathAkAra kI kalpanA mUrta rUpa dhAraNa karake, upamA aura rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se nirmita hokara bhI svatantra astitva ke sAtha bimboM kI sRSTi karane meM samartha huI hai| bahudhA vastu-vizeSa ke prati aindriya AkarSaNa ke kAraNa hI kathAkAra bimba-vidhAna kI ora prerita huA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya katipaya mohaka bimbavidhAyaka prayoga yahA~ samekita rUpa meM draSTavya haiM : "bibboya-NayaNasaMcAraNajutta' (pR. 28, paM. 21) 'vAyavasapakaMpamANanaccaMta-pallavaggahatthassa asogavarapAyavassa' (35.14), 'bhamara-mahukarikulovagijjaMtamahulauvasaddakuharassa rattAsoyavarapAyavassa' (37.7-8), "miu-visaya-sugaMdhinIhAriNA savvakusumAhivAsieNaM kesahatthaeNaM sobhamANeNaM' (37.18-19); 'IsIsihasiyadIsaMtarUvalaTThasuddhadaMtapaMtIe' (37.23), 'navahariyapallavabahusAhasIalacchAyassa sahayArapAyavassa' (40.5); rahatuMDaniviTThA kuppAsayapihiyakAyA tottayagahiyavAvaDaggahatthA' (53.5); 'kayavAyAmalaghusarIro vihago viva lIlAe ArUDho' (67.3); 'jahaNavitthAreNa bhAgIrahipuliNadesaM' (79.20), 'divAyarakiraNAliMgiyamaliNamaNaharamuhaM' (91.30), 'phalarasapuTTaparapuTThamahurabhAsiNIo' (121.25), 'savaNamaNasubhagamahurabhaNiyA' (123.12-13), 'sAraiyabalAhagasaNAhasANudeso iva maMdaro,' 'kaDagakeyUrabhUsiyabhumayAjuyalo ya iMdAyudha-ciMdhita iva gagaNadeso', 'pAlaMbocUlaraiyamuttAvihANo ya joisamAlAdharo iva tiriyaloo' (130.5-6); 'khArasalilapaMDaraMsarIro' (146.14), 'sirIsakusumasukumAlasarIrA' (198.1), 'uvaNIyaM bhoyaNaM kaNagarayayabhAyaNeNa sukusalopAyasiddhaM sIhakesara-kuvalayaphAlaphalamodakaM,' 'midu-visada-sagasiddho ya kalamoyaNo', 'jIhApasAyakarANi ThANakANi ya vivihasaMbhArasiddhANi' (21.823, 24, 25, 26), 'kuMDalajuyalAlaMkiyavayaNasayapattaM cakkajuyalapariggahiyaM piva sayavattaM' (246.25), 'maNosilAdhAuraMjiyaaMjaNagirisiharasarisassa' (251.3), 'gAvIo rUviNIo vaNNa-rUva-saMThANa-siMgA''gitihiM kallANiyAo' (297.7-8), 'viulAe rayaNamaMDiyAe sahAe battIsarAyasahassaparivuDo sIsarakkhiya-purohiya-maMti-mahAmaMtisamaggo sIhAsaNovaviTTho' (330.14-15), 'kaNayamayasahassapattapaiTThiyaM taruNaravimaMDalanibhaM dhammacakkaM' (341.23); (yuddhabhUmi kA raudra aura vIra rasa ke mAdhyama se nirmita bimba:) 'khattiyabalassa ya nAyarassa ya saMpalaggaM juddhaM vivihA''uhabhariyarahavarAbaddha

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553 vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva dhayasamUha, muhamAruyapuNNasaMkhasaNAviddhakalakalarUvaM, osAriyadANapadamattagayavisANasaMghaTTapayaTTahuDaMkaNaM, tUraviyaturaMgakharakhurakkhayakkhitirayapaDiruddhanayaNavisayaM jAyAmarisabhaDamukkasaranivahacchaNNadivasakarakara' (365.5-8), 'kaNNA ya kamalanilayA viva surUvA ghaNapaDalaniggayacaMdapaDimA iva kittimatI lakkhaNasatthapasattharUvAisayA joippahA nAma'; 'surakumAro viva maNoharasarIro ghaNapaDalaviNiggato viva divAyaro teyassI amiyateo nAma'; duhiyA ya sacchaMdaviyappiyarUvadhAriNINa surasuMdarINa vimhiyakarI cirakAlavaNNaNIyasarIra-lakkhaNa-guNA sutArA nAma' (313.25-29) aadi-aadi| isI krama meM raudra-bimba kA eka uttama udAharaNa draSTavya hai : 'Asuruta-kuviyacaMDikkio tivalitaM bhiuDiM kAUNa nirANukaMpo taM dAragaM layAe haMtuM payatto' / (75.14-15) uparyukta samasta prayoga rUpa, rasa, zabda, sparza aura gandha-bimba ke uttama nidarzana haiN| inameM kathAkAra kI sUkSma bhAvanAoM yA amUrta sahajAnubhUtiyoM ko bimba-vidhAna ke dvArA mUrtatA athavA abhivyakti kI cArutA prApta huI hai| ina vibhinna bimboM meM kathAkAra ke ghanIbhUta saMvegoM kA saMzleSaNa samAhita hai| ye sabhI bimba sraSTA kI cittAnukUlatA se AzliSTa haiM, isalie citrAtmaka hone ke sAtha hI atizaya bhavya aura rasanIya haiN| niSkarSa : bimba-vidhAna ke sandarbha meM saMghadAsagaNI kI bhASA ne mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyA hai / kahanA na hogA ki kathAkAra kI bhASA sahaja hI bimba-vidhAyaka hai / kathAkAra kI kathA-sAdhanA mUlata: bhASA kI sAdhanA kA hI udAtta rUpa hai| isalie, 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA yadi ananta sAgara ke vistAra kI taraha hai, to usase udbhUta vibhinna bimba laharoM kI bhA~ti ullAsakAraka aura hRdayAhlAdaka haiN| vAk aura artha kI samAna pratipatti kI dRSTi se saMghadAsagaNI kI bhASA kI apanI vilakSaNatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' bhASika aura Arthika donoM prakAra ke bimboM kI vibhutA se ApAtaramaNIya ho gaI hai| bahiraMga aura antaraMga donoM dRSTiyoM se, yA abhivyakti aura anubhUti ke vicAra se kathAkAra dvArA nirmita bimba vyApaka bhAvasRSTi kI kSamatA tathA Atmasammohana kI divyazakti se paripUrNa haiN| isa prakAra, kathAkAra-kRta samagra bimba-vidhAna sahajAnubhUti kI udAttatA kA bhavyatama bhASika rUpAyana hai, jo indriya-bodha kI bhUmi se atIndriya saundarya-bodha kI sImA meM jAkara ni:sIma bana gayA hai| pratIka : kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI kalpanAtizayatA se nirmita bimboM ne kahIM-kahIM, prayoga kI bArambAratA yA bhUyobhUyatA se kisI nizcita artha meM nirdhArita ho jAne ke kAraNa, pratIkoM kA rUpa grahaNa kara liyA hai| bimba aura pratIkArtha ke grahaNa meM buddhi kI taratamatA apekSita hotI hai| pratIka grahaNa grahItA kI grAhikA zakti ke AdhAra para vibhinna rUpoM meM sambhava hai| kyoMki, pratyeka grahItA kI cetanA aura saMvedanA kI dRSTi bhinna huA karatI hai| bauddhika cetanA aura anubhUtigata saMvedanA ko pratIkoM meM bA~dhanA manuSya kA sahaja svabhAva hai| isIlie, pAzcAtya cintakoM ne pratIka-sarjanA ko manuSya kI buddhi kA vyApAra yA cintana-praNAlI aura kriyA kA eka Avazyaka

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paM54 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA aMga mAnA hai / manISI cintaka DaoN. kumAra vimala' ne vibhinna pAzcAtya vicArakoM ke matoM kA manthana karake niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA hai ki pratIka- sRSTi manuSya kI anivArya viziSTatA hai; kyoMki mAnava-mana prAya: apanI anubhUtiyoM ko pratIkoM meM anUdita karatA rahatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki anubhUtiyoM kI vibhinnatA ke AdhAra para prayukta pratIkoM ke artha kI sandarbha- bhUmi yA prasaMga- pariveza meM vaividhya sahaja hI sambhava hai / pAzcAtya kalAmanISiyoM ne dArzanika, samAjazAstrIya tathA manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNoM se pratIkoM para vistRta aura gambhIra cintana kiyA hai| pratIka eka prakAra kA viziSTa cihna hotA hai, jise prasiddha pAzcAtya dArzanika hIgela ne 'sAina' kahA hai| udAharaNArtha, kAmadeva kI dhvajA meM prayukta makara yA viSNu kI dhvajA meM aMkita garuDa ko ukta donoM devoM ke viziSTa cihnoM ke rUpa liyA jA sakatA hai| kabhI-kabhI Antarika guNoM ke kAraNa bhI vibhinna prAkRtika upAdAna pratIka kA rUpa grahaNa kara lete haiM, jaise siMha ko prAya: zakti ke rUpa meM aura zRgAla ko dhUrtatA yA chala ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / dArzanika dRSTi se zUnya yadi brahma kA pratIka hai, to gaNita kI dRSTi se nabha (AkAza) zUnyatA kA pratIka / samAjazAstrIya dRSTi se bhI nirmita pratIka sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika vikAsa ke vibhinna staroM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / yahA~taka ki lokarUDha sAmAjika prathAoM tathA bhASA-sRSTi taka meM manuSya pratIkoM kA RNa svIkAra karatA hai| isIlie, DaoN. kumAra vimala' ne kahA hai ki 'gaNita se lekara kAvya aura dharmapUjA taka ke vibhinna sAMskRtika kSetroM meM yadi manuSya ke pAsa pratIka-sarjana aura unake arthagrahaNa kI zakti nahIM rahatI, to Aja mAnava-zakti avikasita raha gaI hotI / ' manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI pratIka, avacetana mana meM par3I avadamita AkAMkSAoM aura kuNThAoM kI chadma abhivyakti karate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, pratIkoM dvArA nizcita dhAraNAoM aura vicAroM kA bhI sandhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki pratIkoM kA sAndarbhika mahattva hotA hai aura ve manuSya kI vaiyaktika paristhitiyoM evaM vibhinna AsaMgoM aura saMvegoM se saMzliSTa rahate haiN| apanI inhIM vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa pratIkoM kA sabhI dezoM aura jAtiyoM kI paurANika kathAoM tathA sAMskRtika evaM dhArmikaM nidarzanoM meM tato'dhika mahattva svIkRta kiyA gayA hai / vyAkaraNagata vyutpatti kI dRSTi se 'pratIka' zabda 'prati' upasarga meM 'kan' pratyaya ke jur3ane se banA hai| kisI vastu ke agrabhAga ko 'pratIka' kahate haiN| kozakAroM ne pratIka ke kaI artha kiye haiM / jaise kI ora mur3A huA, bhAga, aMga, avayava Adi / kAlAntara meM, viziSTa cihna ke rUpa meM pratIka zabda kA artha-vistAra huA / pAzcAtya avadhAraNA ke sandarbha meM, pratIkavAda (simbaoNlijma) ko jJAna-vijJAna, sAdhanA aura sAhitya ke vibhinna kSetroM se jor3a diyA gyaa| isa prakAra, pratIka sabhI prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM kI abhivyakti se sahaja hI sambaddha ho gayA / saMskRta kAvyAlocana ke kSetra meM pratIka ko dhvanimUlaka artha, vizeSakara, atyantatiraskRtavAcya yA arthAntarasaMkramitavAcya jaise avivakSita vAcyadhvani ke lie bhI prayukta kiyA gayA hai | 1. 'saundaryazAstra ke tattva (vahI)' : pR. 237 2. 'saundaryazAstra ke tattva' (vahI) : pR. 238 3. dhArmika pratIkoM ke adhyayana ke lie DaoN. janArdana mizra - likhita tathA bihAra- rASTra bhASA-pariSad dvArA prakAzita 'bhAratIya pratIka - vidyA' grantha draSTavya hai /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva vizvanAtha kavirAja dvArA arthAntarasaMkramitavAcya dhvani ke udAharaNa meM 'gAthAsaptazatI' kI yaha gAthA (2.75 ) prastuta kI gaI hai : dhamma vIsatyo so suNao ajja mArio deNa / golANaikacchakuDaMgavAsiNA daraasI // 555 yahA~ nAyikA ke nAyaka se vizvasta milana meM zunaka (kuttA) vighna-kartA kA pratIka hai, to dRptasiMha vighnanivAraka kA / isa prakAra, kAvyazAstriyoM ne dhvani - vivecana ke prasaMga meM aneka dhvanyarthamUlaka pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kahanA yaha hai ki pratIkoM kA pariprekSya bar3A vyApaka hai aura ye nitya aura kalpita yA nizcita aura anizcita arthoM ke dyotaka hote haiM / kucha vicArakoM ne pratIka ko upamA, rUpaka aura anyokti se bhI jor3A hai / kintu, pratIka na to kevala dhvani hai, na hI alaMkAra - mAtra / yaha to ina sabase bhinna hai / ise viziSTa zabdazakti kahA jA sakatA hai / sampUrNa artha - sandarbha kI vyApakatA yA asImatA ko vyakta karane kI zakti se sampanna zabda hI pratIka bana jAtA hai, jaba ki upamA, rUpaka aura anyokti kA artha-vidhAna sImita hotA hai / DaoN. kumAra vimala' ne paurastya aura pAzcAtya vidvAnoM matoM ke pariveza meM, upamA, rUpaka aura anyokti ke sAtha pratIka kA pArthakya- vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai ki pratIka prAya: anirdhArita bimba huA karate haiM, jinakA kabhI na rItanevAlA artha bhI vizeSa DhaMga se sunizcita rahatA hai, jaba ki upamA, rUpaka aura anyokti meM artha kI namanIyatA banI rahatI hai / kula milAkara, pratIkArtha ko kevala alaMkAroM yA cihnavizeSoM kI IdRktA aura iyattA meM parimita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ghAsaNIdvArA prayukta katipaya zabda-pratIkoM kA upasthApana isI grantha ke 'kathA ke vividha rUpa' prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai / unake anya pratIkoM meM svapna pratIkoM tathA dohadoM kA ullekhanIya mahattva hai| tIrthaMkaroM yA zreSTha puruSoM kI mAtAe~ prAyaH mahAsvapna dekhatI haiM, jo uttama putra kI prApti pratIka haiN| yA phira, zubha yA azubha dohada utkRSTa yA nikRSTa santAna kI prApti kA pratIka hai| isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne mahAsvapna aura dohada ke pratIka-vidhAna dvArA putra rUpa meM mahApuruSa kI prApti tathA bhAvI santAna kI uccAvacatA kI saMketa - vyaMjanA kI hai, jisakI abhivyakti pracalita mAdhyamoM sImita rahane ke kAraNa sambhava nahIM thI / isalie ise kathAkAra ne pratIka - mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai| I kathAkAra ne apanI dRSTAnta-kathAoM (jaise, mahubiMdudiTTaMta,' 'ibbhaputtakahANaya' Adi) meM svAnubhUti ke akathanIya aMzoM ko pratIka ke dvArA kathanIya aura preSaNIya banAyA hai / kAmakathA kI vastuoM ko dharma-pratIkoM meM upanyasta karake kathAkAra ne yathAprayukta pratIkoM ke pratIkatva ko surakSita. rakhane ke lie unake naye anveSaNoM ke paunaHpunya kA saceSTa nirvAha kiyA hai / 'ibbhaputtakahANaya' (kathotpatti : pR. 4) kA pratIkopanyasta upasaMhAra isa prakAra hai : "jahA sA gaNiyA, tahA dhammasuI / jahA te rAyasuyAI, tahA suramaNuyasuhabhogiNo pANiNo / jahA AbharaNANi tahA desaviratisahiyANi tavovahANANi / jahA so ibdhaputto, tahA mokkhakakhI puriso / jahA paricchAkosallaM, tahA sammannANaM / jahA rayaNapAyapIDhaM, tahA samma - haMsaNaM / jahA rayaNANi tahA mahavvayANi / jahA rayaNaviNiogo, tahA nivvANasuhalAbho ta / " 1. 'saundaryazAstra ke tattva' (vahI): pR. 256 - 260

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556 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA spaSTa hI, ye kAma-tattva dharma-pratIka meM parivartita hokara kathAkAra kI udAtta anubhUti yA manodazA kI abhivyaMjanA karate haiN| isI prakAra, kathAkAra ne lalitAgaMda kI kathA (tatraiva : pR.10) kI, sArthavAhaputra lalitAMgada aura rAnI lalitA ke vAsanAdagdha jIvana se sambaddha viSaya-vastu meM upanyasta kAma-tattvoM ko garbhavAsa-duHkha ke pratIkoM meM pariNata kiyA hai| jaise : "jahA so laliyaMgato, tahA jiivo| jahA devI-darisaNasaMbaMdhakAlo, tahA maNussajammaM / jahA sA ceDI, tahA icchaa| jahA vAsaghare paveso, tahA visysNpttii| jahA rAyapurisA, tahA rogsoy-bhy-sii-unnhpritaavaa| jahA kUvo,tahA gbbhvaaso| jahA bhuttasesAhAraparikkhevo, tahA jnnnniprinnaamiy'nn-paannaaprisvaadaannN| jahA niggamo, tahA psvsmto| jahA dhAI tahA dehopaggahakArI kmmvivaagsNpttii|" puna: kathAkAra dvArA 'mahubiMdudiTuMta' (pR. 8) aura 'mahisAharaNa' (pR. 85) zIrSaka kathAoM meM varNita prAkRtika upAdAnoM ko dharma-pratIka ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA gayA hai| 'mahubiMdudiTuMta' ke pratIka draSTavya haiM : ___"jahA so puriso, tahA saMsArI jiivo| jahA sA aDavI, tahA jamma-jarA-roga-maraNabahulA sNsaaraaddvii| jahA vaNahatthI, tahA maccU / jahA kUvo, tahA devabhavo maNussabhavo y| jahA ayagaro, tahA nratiriygiio| jahA sappA, tahA kodha-mANa-mAyA-lobhA cattAri kasAyA doggi-gmnnnaaygaa| jahA paroho, tahA jiiviykaalo| jahA mUsagA, tahA kAlasukkilA pakkhA rAiMdiyadasaNehiM parikkhivaMti jiivi| jahA dumo, tahA kammabaMdhaNaheU annANaM avarati micchattaM ca / jahA mahuM tahA sadda-pharisa-rasa-rUpa-gaMdhA iNdiytthaa| jahA mahuyarA, tahA AgaMtuyA sarIruggayA yvaahii|" - 'mahisAharaNa' ke dharma-pratIka isa prakAra haiM : jahA sA aDavI, tahA saMsArADavI, udagasarisA AyariyA, migasarisA dhammasavaNAbhilAsiNo paanninno| __uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra dvArA kalpita pratIka nirantara parivartanazIla haiN| jaise, 'kUpa' ko unhoMne garbhavAsa tathA deva aura manuSya-bhava donoM prakAra ke pratIkoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| pratIkoM kI isI parivartanazIlatA ko dekhakara pratIkavAdiyoM ne yaha mAnyatA sthira kI hai ki pratyeka saMvega aura saMvedana ke svarUpa meM vyakti kI cetanA ke gati-sAtatya kI bhinna sthitiyoM ke kAraNa pratipala parivartana hotA rahatA hai| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI pratIka vaividhya ke prayoktA haiN| unake kathAkAra ke vyaktitva kI apanI vakratAe~ tathA saMvega, saMvedana aura racanA ke kSaNa kI nijI vizeSatAe~ haiM / isIlie, unhoMne pratIkoM ke nirmANa meM apane vyaktitva aura anubhUtiyoM kI viziSTatA ke anurUpa abhivyakti ke vibhinna AyAmoM kA anveSaNa aura puna: unakA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai| isI kAraNa, unheM nUtana pratIkoM ke prayogoM kI anivAryatA se gujaranA par3A hai| phalataH, unake katipaya pratIkoM ke artha to nizcita haiM, kintu katipaya pratIka anizcita arthavattA ke vyaMjaka, ataeva AyAsa-grAhya (jaise : rAta aura dina kA cUhe ke dA~ta ke rUpa meM pratIkIkaraNa) ho gaye haiN| samaSTi-rUpa meM dekheM, to pUrI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAyAtrA, prema aura vairAgya-bhAvoM ke udyotaka pratIkoM kA Akara hai| isI prakAra, saMsmaraNa, aupamya, sAdRzya aura bimbamUlaka pratIkoM ke bhI nidarzana 'vasudevahiNDI' meM prApya haiN| ina pratIkoM kA vizada-gambhIra adhyayana svatantra zodha-prabandha

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557 vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva kA viSaya hai| yahA~ sthAlIpulAkanyAya se hI katipaya pratIkoM kA digdarzana upasthApita kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSaH rUpa meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' meM saundarya, kalpanA, bimba aura pratIkoM kI dRSTi se saundaryazAstriyoM ke lie pracura adhyetavya sAmagrI samAhita hai| eka vyakti ke lie sampUrNa 'vasudevahiNDI' ke saundaryazAstrIya yA lalitakalAmUlaka sandarbho ko eka sAtha dhyAna meM rakhakara unakA prAmANika vivecana karanA dussAdhya sArasvata sAdhanA hai| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI kI mahAn kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' bhASika aura sAhityika kalA ke carama vikAsa ke uttamottama nidarzanoM kA prazasya pratIka hai| (ga) bhASA kI saMracanA-zailI evaM anya sAhityika tattva 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAbaddha bhASA sAtizaya vilakSaNa hai / isa kathAgrantha kI bhASA kAvyabhASA ke AsvAda kI samAnAntaratA upasthita karatI hai| isIlie, isakI bhASA kAvyabhASA kI bhA~ti sahRdayoM kA dhyAnAkarSaNa karatI hai| isakI bhASA kI saMracanA-zailI alaMkRta hai / vaidarbhI rIti meM prasAdaguNa ke sAtha prAya: choTe-choTe yA nAtidIrgha vAkyoM meM pAtroM ke sahaja AlApa gumphita haiN| kintu, nakha-zikha-varNana Adi saundaryamUlaka prasaMgoM ke lie kathAkAra ne atizaya alaMkRta bhASA ke prayoga meM bhI apanI cUDAnta dakSatA kA pradarzana kiyA hai| aise avasaroM para kathAkAra ne kAvyazAstra ke prAya: sAre aMgoM ko apanI gadya-racanA kA upAdAna banAyA hai| unake gadya ke nibandhana meM prAMjalatA aura pravAhazIlatA, donoM hI udAtta guNoM kA sahaja samAveza huA hai / phalata: usameM zabda, artha aura bhAva-tInoM kA Anukramika sAhacarya milatA hai| kathAkAra ne 'vasudevahiNDI' dvArA kevala utkRSTa bhAratIya jIvana kA hI citraNa nahIM kiyA hai, apitu kathA ko zAzvatatA pradAna karanevAlI AdarzamUlaka bhASA kA bhavyatama pratimAna bhI prastuta kiyA hai| sahajatA aura sarasatA 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA kI tato'dhika ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai| yahA~taka ki samAsabahulA gauDI zailI meM nibaddha alaMkRta gadyAMza kI padazayyA bhI apanI taralatA kI mohakatA se AviSTa kara lenevAlI hai / kathocita laghuvAkyoM ke atirikta zatAdhika varNoM vAle mahAvAkyoM kA bhI prayoga kathAkAra ne kiyA hai| pUrI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sabase bar3A mahAvAkya lagabhaga eka sau gyAraha varNoM kA prayukta huA hai, jo isa prakAra hai: 'mattaMgaya-bhiMga-tuDiya-dIvasiha-joi-cittaMga-cittarasa-cittahAri-maNiyaMga-gehasatyamatyamAdhUtilagabhUyakiNNakappapAyavasaMbhavamahuramayamajjabhAyaNasuisuhasahappakAsamallayakArasAturasabhattabhUsaNa-bhavaNa-vikappa-varavatthaparibhogasumaNasuramihuNasevie' (nIlayazAlambha : pR.157) / isase kucha kama varNoMvAle mahAvAkya bhI haiN| jaise : 'mahu-madirA-khIra-khodarasasarisaviSalapAgaDiyatoya-paDipuNNarayaNavarakaNayacittasomANavAvi-pukkhariNI-dIhigAe' (tatraiva); 'pakkIlamANataNNagagiTThihuMvarapANuNAiyagovIjaNamahuragIyasAgaragaMbhIratarasaNovasUijjamANatthANaM (bandhumatIlambha : pR.269) aadi|

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558 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prayukta isa prakAra kI tarala prAMjala gadyazailI paravartI bANabhaTTa kI mahatkathAkRti 'kAdambarI' kI gadyazailI kI nizcaya hI anuprANikA banI hogii| kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI bhASA meM nihita varNa-vinyAsa kI vakratA ne adbhuta nAda-saundarya kI sRSTi kI hai| anuprAsa, yamaka Adi zabdAlaMkAroM tathA upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA Adi arthAlaMkAroM evaM vibhinna vRttiyoM aura rItiyoM ke prayoga dvArA kathAkAra ne anupama varNa-camatkAra kA vidhAna kiyA hai| varNoM kI cayana-manoramatA, vividhatA aura zrutipezalatA, sAtha hI zabdArtha kI puMkhAnupuMkha yojanA 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA kI apanI vizeSatA hai| isake atirikta, kathAkAra ne aneka varNoM kI AvRtti se bhASA meM pracura anuraNanAtmakatA bhI utpanna kI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA-saMracanA meM vividha vakratAoM kA manojJa-maMjula samAhAra huA hai| jaise 'vimaulavarapaMkayasarisanAbhI' (176.4-5) meM nAbhi kA saundaryasUcaka sAdRzyamUlaka zabda 'paMkaja' yadi puMliMga hai, to 'nAbhi' striiliNg| isI prakAra, 'mahaddahAvattaviyaranAhI' (349.6) evaM 'salilaguruvAridharaNiNayahiyayaharamahuravANI' (340.18) meM sAdRzyamUlaka 'mahaddaha' (mahAhrada) zabda puMliMga hai, to upameya 'nAbhi' zabda striiliNg| puna: dUsare saundarya-citra ke prayoga meM sAdRzyasUcaka upamAna 'guruvAridhara' zabda puMliMga hai, to upameya 'madhuravANI' striiliNg| aura phira, 'tusiNIyA parisA thimiyasAgaro iva TThiyA' jaise sUcIpAta nIravatA ke sUcaka prayoga meM upamAna 'stimitasAgara' yadi puMliMga hai, to upameya 'pariSad' striiliNg| ___ isa prakAra, kathAkAra ne apanI bhASA ko yatra-tatra liMga-vaicitrya kI vakratA se bhI vibhUSita kiyA hai| kuntaka ne kAvyabhASA ke vivecana ke sandarbha meM vizeSaNa-vakratA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| vizeSaNa-vakratA meM vizeSaNa ke mAhAtmya dvArA kriyA athavA kAraka kI ramaNIyatA prakAzita hotI hai / jaise : 'surahidhUvagaMdhagabmiNaM ca passAmi dIvaMmaNipagAsiyaM vimANabhUyaM pAsAyaM' (pR. 279.20-21) / yahA~ prAsAda ke surabhidhUpagandhagarbhI, dIpamaNiprakAzita aura vimAnabhUta vizeSaNoM ke mAhAtmya se dekhane kI kriyA meM ramaNIyatA kA udbhAvana huA hai| isI prakAra, 'sArayasasidiNayarANuvattiNIhiM kaMtidittIhi samAliMgiyaM' (pR.3.4-5), 'pecchati ya purao hariyapatta-pallava-sAhaM bahurukkhovasohiyaM vaNappaesa' (67.25); 'tammi ya samae uvagato mAhaNo dhoyadhavalabahulaMbaradharo kaNiyArakesara-niyaragora-samuvaciyasarIro' (280.15-16); 'kusumiyaasoyapAyavasaMsiyA maMdamAruyapakaMpiyA iva layA paNacciyA' (155.27); 'turiyaninAyamaMgalasadAbhinaMdiyANi rAyalaMkiyANi uvagayANi saNNe'jhaM veyaM' (280.21-22) Adi anekAneka vizeSaNa-vakratAe~ 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA ke vaiziSTya-vibhAvana ke sandarbha meM udAhartavya haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI bhASA meM kAraka-vakratA ke bhI aneka prayoga kiye haiN| jaise : 'pAbhAie sIyaleNaM vAeNaM AsAsio dhammillo' (34.1) / yahA~ acetana zItala prAtarvAyu kA Azvasta karane kI kriyA dvArA cetanavat varNana huA hai| acetana meM cetana kA adhyAropa kAraka vakratA kA lakSaNa hai| isa prakAra, yaha vakratA upacAra-vakratA (amUrta kA mUrtIkaraNa) tathA mAnavIkaraNa se bhI sAmya rakhatI hai| kAraka-vakratA ke katipaya anya udAharaNa bhI draSTavya haiM : 'vAeNa samAhao mucchio laliyaMgao' (10.5); 'tamhA logaTThiI visayANukUlavAiNI' (15.4), 'uppAiyamA-ruyAhao viNaTTho so poto' (146.12); 'tato jao dAhiNo vAU aNuyatto bhavai tato so (vetto) uttaraM saMchubhai' (148.2122); aticchiyA me rayaNI suheNa paviyAra-suhasaNAdhA' (180.12) Adi-Adi /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 559 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM puruSa - vakratA kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / uttamapuruSa kI jagaha prathama puruSa (anyapuruSa) ko prayukta karake kathAkAra ne abhISTa prabhAva utpanna kiyA hai| jaise : esa ajjautto jaM jANAsi taM tahA ihaM ANe / jo jai natthi so, iMmA natthi ettha hu tumaMpi natthi tti / / (priyaMgusundarIlambha: pR. 292) priyaMgusundarI gaMgarakSita mahAdauvArika se vasudeva ko kanyA ke antaHpura meM le Ane kA Agraha kara rahI hai : 'vaha jo Aryaputra haiM, jinheM tuma jAnate hoM, unheM yahA~ le Ao / yadi vaha nahIM haiM, to yaha (priyaMgusundarI) bhI nahIM hai aura aisI sthiti meM tuma (gaMgarakSita) bhI nahIM ho / arthAt, taba tumhAre lie bhI saMkaTa upasthita hogA / yahA~ priyaMgusundarI ne apane lie ahaM ( maiM ) kA prayoga na karake imA (yaha) kA prayoga kiyA hai, jisameM kAmajanya asahya duHkha kI bhAvanA kI vyaMjanA abhISTa hai 1 isI prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'sAhusaMdesaM paDivAlemANI acchAmi' (223.21), 'tammi deve paDibaddharAgA' (223.18) jaise prayogoM ke 'pAlayantI' aura 'baddharAgA' zabdoM meM 'prati' (prA. 'paDi ) upasarga lagAkara kathAkAra ne sAdhu-sandeza ke vidhivat pAlana tathA devatA ke prati kA bhakti kI vyaMjanA dvArA zAntarasa ko dyotita karanA cAhA hai, isalie unhoMne aise prayogoM me upasarga-vakratA kA Azraya liyA hai| punaH rukmiNI ke prati pradyumna kI isa ukti, 'mAue vi me tho na pIyapuvvotta' (95.14), meM kathAkAra ne nipAta, yAnI avayava yA ghaTaka upAdAna se rahita avyaya ('vi' = api) kI vakratA se kAma liyA hai| isase vAtsalyarasa-bodhaka yaha artha abhivyakta hotA hai ki pradyumna ne pahale mA~ kA bhI stana nahIM piyA thA; kyoMki janma lete hI use pUrva - vairavaza jyotiSkadeva dhUmaketu uThA le gayA thA / yahA~ pradyumna ke mAtRviyogajanya pUrvAnubhUta duHkha kI abhivyaMjanA marma kA sparza karanevAlI hai / isa prakAra, sthAlI-pulAkanyAya se vakrokti-siddhAnta ke pariprekSya meM nidarzita prasaMgoM se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA kI tato'dhika samRddhi kA saMketa milatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, rasa, dhvani, alaMkAra, guNa, rIti Adi kI dRSTi se bhI isa kathAkRti meM adhyayana ke aneka AyAma surakSita haiM / yahA~ rIti kI dRSTi se katipaya bhASika prasaMgoM kI vivecanA apekSita hogI / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA meM sAhityika dRSTi se sabhI guNoM- mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda samAveza milatA hai / vRttiyoM meM bhI yathAprasaMga upanAgarikA, komalA aura paruSA kA viniveza huA hai| ina saba sAhityika aura bhASika vaiziSTyoM se samanvita 'vasudevahiNDI' meM saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prayukta rIti zarIra meM AtmA kI taraha sanniviSTa hai / sAhityAcAryoM dvArA varNana kI paddhati zailI yA pada-saMghaTanA hI rIti ke rUpa meM abhihita huI haiM / kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI ke kathAgrantha meM bharata seM vizvanAtha taka ke AcAryoM kI rIti ke svarUpa parilakSaNIya haiM / bharata (nATyazAstra : 14.36) kI dRSTi se rIti kA nAma 'pravRtti' hai / tadanukUla, kathAkAra ne 'vasudevahiNDI' meM isa pRthvI ke vividha dezoM, veza-bhUSAoM, bhASika pravRttiyoM, AcAroM aura vArttAoM kA samAyoja kiyA hai| vAmana ('kAvyAlaMkArasUtravRtti' : 1.1.2 ) ke dvArA nirdhArita lakSaNa ke anusAra dekheM, to kathAkAra kI zailI viziSTa guNAtmaka padaracanA se sAtizaya ramaNIyatA kA saMvahana karatI hai| isake atirikta, kathAkAra kI pada-saMghaTanA guNAzrita hone ke kAraNa raMsodreka kI zakti se bhI sampanna hai

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560 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA (Anandavarddhana : 'dhvanyAloka': 3.5 kI vRtti) / vAgvinyAsa kI dRSTi se bhI kathAkAra kI racanA-rIti atizaya vilakSaNa hai (rAjazekhara : 'kAvyamImAMsA' : a. 1) / bhoja ke mata se, gatyartha 'rIG' dhAtu se 'rIti' zabda niSpanna huA hai ('sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa' : 2.51) aura namisAdhu varNana kI bhaMgI yA vicchitti ko rIti kahate haiM (rudraTa-kRta 'kAvyAlaMkAravRtti' : 2.3) / tadanukUla kathAkAra kI varNana-zailI meM gatizIlatA to hai hI, varNana meM bhaMgIgata vicchitti bhI hai| vizvanAtha ('sAhityadarpaNa' : 9.1) kI rIti-paribhASA ke anusAra kathAkAra kI pada-saMghaTanA kathAkRti kI manorama aMgaracanA kI bhA~ti hRdayAvarjaka hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM jahA~ sAhityazAstrIya pAMcAlI rIti ke mAdhyama se kathA kA varNana upanyasta kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ kathAkAra kI bhASA meM ISat samAsa (pA~ca-chaha padoM taka kA samAsa) aura ISat anuprAsa se yukta ziSTa vAkyoM kA prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai| pada prAya: pRthak aura prasiddha haiM, sAtha hI komala vargoM kI bhI anuguNa yojanA huI hai| jaise : (ka) "AsI ya iha purIe cirarUDharaparaMparAgao ubhayajoNivisuddhe kule jAto seTThI bhANU NAma samaNovAsao ahigayajIvAjIvo saannukkoso| tassa tullakulasaMbhavA bhaddA nAma bhAriyA, sA uccapasavA puttamalabhamANI devayaNamaMsaNa-tavassijaNapUyaNarayA puttatthiNI vihri|" (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 133) (kha) "ihaM somadevo rAyA piu-piyAmahaparaMparAgayarAyalacchI pddipaalei| tassa aggamahisI somacaMdA nAma pgtisomvynnaa| tesiM duhiyA somasirI knnnnaa| tubmehiM jIse jIviyaM diNNaM, tIse piuNA sayaMvaro dinnnno| samAgayA ya rAyANo, je tAe kul-shiil-ruuv-vibhv-smmyaa|" (somazrIlambha : pR. 222) sAhityazAstra meM paribhASita vaidarbhI rIti kA Azraya lekara kathAkAra ne jahA~ jisa aMza ko upanyasta kiyA hai, vahA~ usameM unhoMne prAya: asamasta padoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| samAsa kI jaba bhI AvazyakatA huI hai, taba do-tIna padoM taka ko hI samasta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| rasapezalatA aura zrutimAdhurya to isa rIti kI apanI ananya vizeSatA hai hii| do-eka udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : (ka) "tato saMvariyaduvAre vAsaghare kusumehiM setehiM kA vi devayA thaviyA NAe, kymccnnN| sumaNasA ya uvagayA NisAe, tato maM bhaNati-ajjautta! arihaha devayAsesaM modagA uvnniiyaa| te mayA tIse aNumaeNa vayaNe pkkhittaa| tehiM me nivvAtaM sarIraM, Thito mnnoshaavo| tato majjabhariyaM maNibhAyaNaM ukkhittaM-piba ti| mayA bhaNiyA-pie! na pibAmi majjaM gurUhiM aNaNuNNAyaM ti| sA bhaNati-na etya niyamalovo guruvayaNAikkamo vA devayAseso tti, pibaha mA me niyamasamattIe kuNaha vigdhaM, kuNaha pasAyaM, alaM viyaarenn|... niddAgamamayaparivaDDIe sumiNamiva passamANo pasutto mhi|" (vegavatIlambha : pR. 226) (kha) "deva ahaM gato giritaDaM divo ya mayA so puhavitalatilao maNassa accherayabhUo. vijjAsAhaNavavaeseNa ya niNIo gAmAo pavvayakaDayasaMsie ya paese. vimANaM jaMtamayaM rajjupaDibaddhaM vilaio rAo. tato NaM gagaNagamaNasaMThiyaM nissaMdaM nemo. vibhAe ca nAUNa 'hIrAmi' tti palAo, mahAjavo na sakkio gheuu|" (kapilAlambha : pR. 199) kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI racanA-prakriyA ke krama meM bhASA-zailI kA prayoga karate samaya sAhityika anuzAsana kA prAya: satarkatApUrvaka pAlana kiyA hai| unakI bhASA meM 'asthAne prayoga'

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva jaisI durbalatA, bahuta DhU~r3hane para bhI, kadAcit hI mile| isalie, viSaya aura prasaMgavaza unhoMne gauDI rIti kA bhI saphala prayoga kiyA hai| isameM unhoMne sAhityazAstrokta vidhi ke anusAra yathAzakti atyadhika dIrgha samAsa tathA oja aura kAntiguNoM se yukta vAkyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kaThora aura lambe-lambe pada mahAprANa. varSoM se race gaye haiN| kathAkAra dvArA prayukta isa zailI meM arthaprauDhi aura bandhagADhatA dekhate hI banatI hai| eka-do nidarzanaH (ka) "ahavA ohibisaeNa passiUNa paropparaM puvvajammasumariyaverANusayA ya paharaNAI sUla-lauGa-bhiMDamAla-NArAya-musalAdIyANi viurubiUNa paharaMti ekkamekkaM... vahae ya pharusavayaNehiM sAhayaMtA dukkhAI duTThA kohuttayakUlasAmalitikkhalohakaMTayasamAulaM kalakaleMtA kaluNaM vilvNti|" (bandhumatIlambha : pR. 271) (kha) "vaDDamANaM taM passiUNa bhayavisaMThulA aMtarA silAjAlANi pavvayasiharANi mahaMte pAyave paharaNANi ya khivNti| tANi ya huMkArANilasamuddhayANi samaMtao pnnivyNti| taM ca aTThipuvvaM mahAboMdi passamANA kiNNara-kiMpurisa-bhUya-jakkha-rakkhasa-joisAlayA mahoragA bhIya-hitthapatthiyA vilolaNayaNA galiyAbharaNA accharAsahAyA 'ko Nu mo? kattha patthio? kiM ca kAukAmo?' ti kAyarA virasamAlaMvatA paropparaM turiyamuvvahaMtA, tehi ya vevaMtasavvagattehiM saMcArimo maMdaro bva vimhiyamuhehiM khahacarehiM dissamANo khaNeNa joyaNasayasahassasamUsitataNU jaato|" (gandharvadattAlambha : pR. 130) (ga) "pecchAmo ya paMthammi ThiyaM purato, aMjaNapuMjanigarappayAsaM, nillAliya-jamalajuyalajIhaM ukkar3a-phuGa-viyaGa-kuDila-kakkhaGa-viyaDaphaDADovakaraNadacchaM, tibhAgUsiyasarIraM, mhaabhogNnaagN| .... pecchAmo ya aparitaMtakayaMtanivvaDiyadukkhaM, purato palaMbatakesarasaDhaM, mahallaviphAliyanaMgUlaM, ratuppalapattaniyaranillAliyaggajIhaM AMbhagura-kuDila-tikkhadADhaM, UsaviyadIhanaMgUlaM, aibhIsaNakaraM vagdhaM / (dhammillahiNDI : pR. 45) ____ isa prakAra ke udAharaNoM se kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI rIti-ramaNIya racanA-pratibhA kA prauDha pramANa upalabdha hotA hai| prabhAva ke anusAra, kathAkAra ne komala, kaThina aura mizra tInoM prakAra kI rItiyoM kI prayogadakSatA kA puSTa paricaya prastuta kiyA hai| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI zabdasAgara ke pAragAmI kathAkAra haiN| isalie, unhoMne bhASA meM sahaja sampreSaNIyatA utpanna karane meM abhUtapUrva saphalatA arjita kI hai| unakI bhASA kI sampreSaNIyatA meM hI prAsaMgikatA ke zAzvata AyAma surakSita haiN| bhASA kI sampreSaNa-zakti kI sahI pahacAna ke kAraNa hI unakI zabdacayana-paddhati meM vilakSaNatA kA vinyAsa parilakSita hotA hai / isake atirikta, vANI ko prabhAvapUrNa aura sampreSaNa kI kriyA ko tIvra karane ke lie yathApekSita pracalita prayoga kI paramparA se haTakara naye prayogoM ke prati bhI kathAkAra kA Agraha sajaga huA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, sAhityika varNana meM, nIlI A~khoM kI hI adhikatara carcA huI hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne sapheda A~khoM ko hI saundarya kA upAdAna yA pratimAna svIkRta kiyA hai| jaise: 'sabhamarapoMDarIyapalAsa (puNDarIkapalAza : zvetakamaladala)-loyaNo' (280.1-2); 'puMDariyaviyasiyanayaNo' (162.2), 'seyapuMDarIkopamANi loyaNANi (353.12-13), "niraMjaNavilAsadhavalanayaNA'

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562 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA (351.21) Adi / isI prakAra kapATa se vakSaHsthala ke sAdRzya-nirUpaNa kI paramparA rahI hai, kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne maNi kI caTTAna se sAdRzya-pradarzana kiyA hai| jaise : 'pavaramaNisilAtalovamavisAlavaccho' (204.19); 'maNisilAyalovamANavacchatyalo' (280.2) aadi| kavi-prasiddhi hai ki campaka para bhaure nahIM jAte, isalie campaka-puSpa para bhauMroM ke guMjana karane kA varNana prAya: paramparA-pracalita nahIM hai (campakeSu bhRGgA na gacchanti iti zrutiH) / kintu, saMghadAsagaNI ne bhramarI dvArA puSpita campaka-pAdapa ke AdarapUrvaka sevana kiye jAne kA varNana kiyA hai| jaise : 'sA viseseNa sevai meM AyareNa puSphiyamiva caMpayapAyavaM bhabharI' (358.26) / saMghadAsagaNI ne setu ke lie 'saMgama' zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| rAmAyaNa ke prasaMga meM kathAkAra ne likhA hai: 'tatya ya pavvadaMtasamuddamAgayaM, saMdhimmi saMgamo baddho' (244.11) / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA-zailI Agamika bhASA-zailI ke samAna layAtmaka ( rimikala) aura sahajapravAhamayI hai, sAtha hI janasamUha meM par3hakara sunAne ke abhiprAya se kathAkAra ne apanI bhASA ko vaktRtA-zailI ('oNreTorikala sTAila') meM upasthApita kiyA hai| sUkti-camatkAra : varNana meM camatkAra utpanna karane ke nimitta sUktiyoM kA prayoga prAcIna kathA-paramparA kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA rahI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' prAcIna lokavRttAzrayI premAkhyAna hone ke kAraNa, sahaja hI naitika zikSA kA nirUpaNa karatI hai| naitika zikSA sahaja hI sUktibahula hotI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI padyagandhI bhASA meM kathA-camatkAra utpanna karane kI dRSTi se naitika prasaMgoM ke bIca sarasa sUktiyoM kA manohArI gumphana kiyA hai, jaise nIlakamaloM ke bIca lAla kamala khile hoN| saMghadAsagaNI ne kathA-varNana ke krama meM prema, upadeza, nIti, dRSTAnta Adi vibhinna viSayoM kA bodha karAnevAlI aneka sUktiyA~ racI haiM, jinameM kathAkAra kI nijI anubhUtiyoM kA utkRSTa udbhAvana huA hai| katipaya sUktiyA~ 'vasudevahiNDI' se yahA~ uddhRta haiM: 1. jo vA sacakkhuo udie sUrie mUDhayAe nimIliyaloyaNo acchati tassa niratyao aaiccodyo| (524-25) (jo netravAn vyakti sUrya ke ugane para mUDhatAvaza apanI A~khoM ko banda kiye rahatA hai, usake lie sUryodaya nirarthaka hai|) 2. parassa adukkhakaraNaM dhammo / (76.5) / (dUsare ko duHkha se mukta karanA hI dharma hai|) 3. rAyANo mjjaayaarkkhgaa| (91.10) (rAjA maryAdA ke rakSaka hote haiN|) 4. jAkira itthiyA bhattuNo NahamayA tIse avacyANi maMdasvANi NitteyANi bhvNti| jA puNa vallabhA tIse bhattArasarisarUvaguNANi / (97.5-6)

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vasudevahiNDI : bhASika aura sAhityika tattva 563 (jo strI, apane pati kI adhika pyArI nahIM hotI, usakI santAneM kurUpa aura nisteja hotI haiM, aura jo pyArI hotI hai, usakI santAneM usake pati ke hI samAna rUpa aura guNavAlI hotI haiM 1. 5. sIhassa daMtA keNa gaNeyavvA ? (107.8) (siMha ke dA~toM ko kauna gina sakatA hai ? ) 6. AbharaNathANamapattaM rayaNaM viNAsiyaM hoi / (132.30) * (jo ratna AbharaNa kI jagaha nahIM letA, vaha naSTa, arthAt nirmUlya ho jAtA hai / ) 7. ucchA sirI vasati, dariddo ya mayasamo sayaNaparibhUo ya dhI jIviyaM jIvai / (145.24-25) ( utsAha meM zrI kA nivAsa hotA hai, daridra to mRtavat hotA hai, phira svajana se apamAnita vyakti to dhikkArapUrNa jIvana jItA hai / ) 8. suhe jo na majjati dukkhe ya jo na sIyati so puriso, iyaro avayaro / ( 249.8-9) (jo na to sukha meM hI magna hotA hai aura na duHkha meM hI chaTapaTAtA hai, vahI puruSa hai, usase itara to adhama hai / ) tula. : duHkheSvanudvignamanAH sukheSu vigataspRhaH / vItarAgabhayakrodhaH sthitadhIrmunirucyate / / (gItA 2.56) 9. jahA koi aNNANadoseNa aMguliM palIveDaM paraM DaheukAmo puNa appANaM Dahei / (263.4) (agara koI ajJatA yA doSavaza dUsare ko jalAne kI maMzA se apanI u~galI jalAtA hai, to vaha phira apane ko hI jalA DAlatA hai / ) 10. jIeNa vi kuNai piyaM mittatti / (291.9-10) (mitra apanA jIvana dekara bhI bhalAI karatA hai / ) 11. hoMti tivaggammi puNo, saMkheveNa ya tihA bhave purisA / mittA sattUya tahA majjhatthA ceva te tinni // ( 291.1-2 ) (tIna vargoM kI dRSTi se, puruSa tIna prakAra ke hote haiM: mitra, zatru aura madhyastha / ) 12. rayaNANi rAyagAmINi / (212.7) rAyagAmINi rayaNANi / (325.11) (ratna rAjA ke lie hote haiM, arthAt ratna rAjA ko hI zobhA dete haiM / ) 13. pAyasesu ghayadhArAo paloTTAo, ujjamesu siddhIo saMghiyAu tti / (314.21-22) (khIra yA pAyasa meM ghI kI dhArAe~ girIM aura udyama meM siddhiyA~ A milIM / )

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564 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA 14. jama-kuberasarisA rAyANo kove pasAde y| (354.3-4) __ (rAjA kruddha hone para yama ke samAna aura prasanna hone para kubera ke samAna ho jAte haiN|) 15. purisA balasohiyA kaiyaviyA akyssnnuu| (362.11-12) (balavAn yA samartha puruSa prAya: dhUrta aura akRtajJa hote haiN|) 16. itthijaNo thovahiyao agaNiyakajjA-'kajjo adiihrdrisii| (363.2) (striyA~ choTe, yAnI saMkIrNa hRdayavAlI, anaginata kArya-akArya karanevAlI aura adIrghadarzI hotI haiN|) 17. savattha nANaM paritANaM / (13.30) (sarvatra jJAna hI paritrANa karatA hai|) 18. jIvaMto naro bhaI passai / (247.21) (jIvita manuSya hI kalyANa dekhatA hai|) tula : jIvannaro bhadrazatAni pazyet / (hitopadeza) niSkarSa : isa prakAra, saMghadAsagaNI ne apane kathAgrantha meM aneka prakAra kI sArvabhauma mUlyaparaka sUktiyoM dvArA lokavRttAnukUla upadezoM tathA aihika jIvana ko sukhI banAnevAle siddhAntoM kA cAmatkArika DhaMga se nibandhana kiyA hai| yadyapi ina sUktiyoM kA kathAvastu ke sAtha antaraMga sambandha hai, tathApi inakA apane-ApameM svatantra mahattva bhI spaSTa hai| . kula milAkara, bhASika saMracanA evaM sAhityika tattvoM ke viniyojana kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI vizeSatA kI iyattA nahIM hai| ataeva, isa bRhatkathA-kalpa grantha ko jJAna, zilpa, vidyA aura kalA kA samuccaya prastuta karanevAlA zAstra kahA jAyagA, to koI atyukti nahIM hogii| vastuta; isa kathAgrantha kI kAmadudhA bhASA meM vinirmita sAhitya nidhi meM bhAratIya jIvana, saMskRti aura kalA-cetanA kI samasta garimA eka sAtha samAhita ho gaI hai, jisake aindriya saundarya-bodha meM atIndriya paramAnanda yA saMvidvazrAnti kI mahAnidhi kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai|

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upasamAhAra yathAprastuta vivecana-vivaraNa se yaha nitarAM spaSTa hai ki kathAzAstrIya cetanA ke advitIya adhikArI vidvAn kathAkAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI mahanIya kathAkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' bhAratIya prajJA ke prAya: pratyeka pakSa ko AtmasAt kiyA hai| isa grantha ke dvArA 'yanehAsti na tatkvacit' ukti ko akSaraza: anvarthatA deneva krAntadraSTA katha thAkAra ne bhAratIya kathAzAstra ke vaiziSTya ko udghATita karane ke sAtha hI kathA kA sArvabhauma svarUpa upasthApita kiyA hai / phalata: isa kathAgrantha meM kathA-paddhati kA eka samanvita rUpa prakhara pANDitya ke dharAtala para upanyasta huA hai| kathA-vivecana kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kA adhyayana bhAratIya kathAkSetra meM eka naye kSitija kA nirdeza karatA hai| kahanA na hogA ki isa vizAla kathAkRti meM cintana ke aneka AyAma bhare par3e haiN| isalie, kathA ke AlocakoM ke lie prastuta mahatkathA kA manana aura mImAMsA anivArya hai| guNAnca kI 'bRhatkathA' kI paramparA meM likhe gaye isa grantha ke adhyayana ke vinA 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' tathA 'kathAsaritsAgara' kA adhyayana adhUrA hI rhegaa| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI vizeSatA isa artha meM hai ki yaha grantha pUrvavartI samasta bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA ke tattvoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane ke uddezya se likhA gayA hai| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' itihAsa aura kalpanA kA adbhuta mizraNa hai| itihAsa, kathAkAra kI nijI anubhUti aura kalpanA para AdhRta hotA hai| isalie, isa mahAn grantha ko itihAsa se adhika aitihAsika tathyajanya kalpanA kA kathAtmaka pratirUpa kahanA adhika upayukta hogA, kyoMki isameM sthUla aitihAsikatA kI apekSA kathAkAra kI anubhUti aura kalpanA kI Atmaparaka abhivyakti hI adhika upalabdha hotI hai| prastuta prAkRta-nibaddha kathAgrantha sampUrNa bhAratIya kathAkSetra meM apanI mahanIyatA ke lie ullekhya hai / prAkRta jainakathA-sAhitya kA to yaha bhAsvara svarNazikhara hI hai| mahAbhAratottara bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya ke Adisrota ke rUpa meM guNADhya (I. prathama zatI) kI paizAcI-bhASA meM nibaddha baTTakahA ('bRhatkathA') kA avataraNa sAhitya-jagat ke lie nizcaya hI eka abhUtapUrva ghaTanA hai| durbhAgyavaza, 'baDDakahA' kI mUlaprati kA vilopa to ho hI gayA, usakI pratilipi kI bhI kahIM koI carcA nahIM miltii| katipaya antassAkSyoM ke anusAra, yaha kahane kA AdhAra prApta hotA hai ki budhasvAmI (I. dvitIya zatI)-kRta 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', 'baDDakahA' kA hI brAhmaNa-paramparAzrita saMskRta-rUpAntara hai aura saMghadAsagaNI (I. dvitIya yA tRtIya-caturtha zatI : Agama-granthoM kA saMkalana-kAla) dvArA racita 'vasudevahiNDI' zramaNa-paramparAzrita prAkRta-rUpAntara / kAlanirNaya-paraka sudRDha sAkSya ke anupalabdha rahane kI sthiti meM, bahuza: kathAsAmya kI dRSTi se yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina pratIta hotA hai ki 'vasudevahiNDI' tathA 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha', ina donoM meM kauna kisakA AdhAropajIvya hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke cauthe nIlayazAlambha (pR. 165) meM kathAkAra ne likhA hai ki mandara, gandhamAdana, nIlavanta aura mAlyavanta parvatoM ke bIca bahanevAlI zItA mahAnadI dvArA bIcobIca vibhakta uttarakurukSetra basA huA thaa| zItA mahAnadI samudra ke pratirUpa thii| kathA (kathotpatti :

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566 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA pR.23) hai ki puSkalAvatI-vijaya kI puNDarIkiNI nagarI ke cakravartI rAjA vajradatta kI rAnI yazodharA ko jaba samudra meM snAna karane kA dohada utpanna huA, taba rAjA bar3I taiyArI ke sAtha samudra jaisI zItA mahAnadI ke taTa para phuNcaa| rAnI yazodharA ne usa mahAnadI meM snAna karake apane dohada kI pUrti kii| ___puna: tIsare gandharvadattAlambha meM bhI kathAkAra ne isI prakAra kI eka kathA likhI hai: purAkAla meM campAnareza rAjA pUrvaka apanI rAnI ke samudrasnAna ke dohada kI pUrti ke lie yuktipUrvaka pravAhazIla jala se paripUrNa sarovara kA nirmANa karAyA aura use hI samudra batAkara rAnI ko dikhlaayaa| rAnI ne usameM snAna karake apanI dohada-pUrti kI aura putra prApta karake vaha prasanna huii| taba se rAnI apane manovinoda ke lie putra aura puravAsiyoM ke sAtha sarovara ke pArzvavartI suravana kI yAtrA karatI rahI aura usI yAtrA kA anuvartana bahuta dinoM taka hotA rhaa| dohada-pUrti ke lie rAnI ke samudrasnAna se sambaddha eka kathA budhasvAmI ne bhI 'bRhatkathAzloka saMgraha' (19.23-27) meM upanyasta kI hai : campA meM anukUla patnIvAlA eka rAjA rahatA thaa| usane jaba dohada ke viSaya meM pUchA, taba usakI lajjAzIlA palI bolI : 'maiM Apake sAtha magara, ghar3iyAla, keMkar3e, machalI, kachue Adi se bhare samudra meM krIDA karanA cAhatI huuN|' anullaMghanIya AjJAvAle rAjA ne zIghra hI magadha aura aMgavAsiyoM dvArA (anumAnata: aMgavAhinI gaMgA yA saMghadAsagaNI dvArA ullikhita candA) nadI ko ba~dhavAkara samudra ke samAna vistRta sarovara kA nirmANa kraayaa| usameM yantracAlita lakar3I ke magara Adi jalajantu bhara diye gaye aura vimAnAkAra jalayAna para savAra hokara una donoM (rAjA aura rAnI) ne usa kRtrima samudra meM vihAra kiyaa| usI samaya se rAjA ne kokiloM se kUjita dinoM, arthAt vasantakAla meM (prativarSa) vahA~ yAtrA kI prathA kA pravartana kiyaa| 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' kA yaha prasaMga 'vasudevahiNDI' ke prasaMga kA sudhArA huA yA saMzodhita rUpa pratIta hotA hai| nadI meM samudra kI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki nadI prAya: pravahamANa hotI hai, jaba ki sAgara kA taTa sthira hotA hai| ata:, vizAla hRda yA jhIla meM hI sAgara kI pratIti kI sambhAvanA adhika hai| isa prakAra, 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' dvArA kiye gaye bhrama-saMzodhana ke AdhAra para isa kathAgrantha kI 'vasudevahiNDI' se paravartitA bhI siddha hotI hai| yadyapi mandapravAhavAlI jhIla yA hrada kI kalpamA saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI kI hai : ('ahamavi nirAdhAro paDio hre| taM ca salilaM maMdavaha; (raktavatIlambha : pR. 217, paM. 28) / kahanA na hogA ki varNana-vaicitrya aura prasaMga-yojanA kI nipuNatA kI dRSTi se budhasvAmI aura saMghadAsagaNI donoM hI atizaya dakSa aura satarka kathAkAra pramANita hote haiN| isalie, donoM meM se kisI kI bhI kathAbuddhi ko bhrAnta kahanA saMgata nahIM hogaa| jisa prakAra, kAvya ke kSetra meM kAlidAsa aura azvaghoSa kI pUrvAparavarttitA vivAdAspada banI huI hai, usI prakAra budhasvAmI aura saMghadAsagaNI kI pUrvAparavarttitA ke prasaMga meM vibhinna manISiyoM kA aikamatya sahaja sambhava nahIM hai| kintu, itanA to nirvivAda hai ki ye donoM hI kathAkAra bhAratIya svarNakAla ke kathAkAroM meM mUrdhanya sthAna ke adhikArI haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' bhAratIya saMskRti ke mahAsarovara meM khilA huA sahasradala kamala ke samAna hai| isalie, isameM paurANika kathAe~, pAramparika vidyAe~, rAjanIti, rAjanaya aura zAsanatattva, artha-vyavasthA, lokajIvana, samAjatattva aura samAjaracanA, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, dhanurveda,

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upasamAhAra 567 prema, saundarya-bodha, jIvana-sambhoga, bhaugolika aura aitihAsika tattva, dArzanika matavAda sAdhu-jIvana Adi vibhinna sAMskRtika viSayoM ke atirikta, tatpratyAsattyA lalita kalAoM kA bhI sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| bhASA-zailI aura sAhitya-saundarya kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' ke gadyazilpa kI dvitIyatA nahIM hai| kathAkAra ne yathAprasaMga alaMkRta gadya kI bhI sRSTi kI hai, jo bANabhaTTa kI gadyarIti kA Adisrota pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra, yaha kathAgrantha vaibhavazAlI bRhattara bhArata kI sabhyatA, saMskRti aura sAdhanA; samAja aura rAjanIti evaM vyApAra aura arthanIti Adi viSayoM kI vizAla mahAnidhi hai| isameM tatkAlIna bhAratIya samAja ke AdhyAtmika utkarSa aura bhautika samRddhi kA hRdayAvarjaka camatkArI pratibimba upalabdha hotA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke kathAlekhaka ne apanI racanA-prakriyA se yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki usa yuga meM kathA kI racanA-prakriyA kathya tathA zilpa kI dRSTi se paryApta vikasita thii| isakI galpazailI itanI ramaNIya hai ki prabuddha kathApremiyoM ko kathA ke antastala meM praveza karane ke lie bauddhika vyAyAma nahIM karanA par3atA, apitu kathAzAstra ke AcAryoM ke zabdoM meM, isakI kathA aisI naI vadhU kI bhA~ti pratIta hotI hai, jo anurAgavaza svayaM zayyA para calI AtI hai| isase isa kathAgrantha kA bhAvAtmaka saundarya, kalpanA, bimba aura pratIkAzrita padazayyA kA mAdhurya svataH spaSTa hai| ___ kahanA na hogA ki divya bhAvoM ke bhavya viniyoga se paripUrNa tathA anudAtta jIvana ko udAttatA kI ora prerita karanevAlI 'vasudevahiNDI' kathA ke kSetra meM lalita gadya kA apratima pratimAna upasthita karatI hai| kula milAkara, zalAkApuruSa kRSNapitA vasudeva kI AtmakathAparaka yaha gadyakRti janajIvana se anubaddha laukika kathAoM ko alaukika bhUmikA pradAna karanevAlI kathA-saritAoM se nirmita mahAn kathAsAgara hai| yathAprApya apUrNa 'vasudevahiNDI' kA kathA-vistAra aTThAIsa (bIca ke do lambhoM ke lupta ho jAne se chabbIsa) lambhoM meM kiyA gayA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI hI lambhabaddha saMracanA praNAlI kA uttaravartI vikAsa gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI meM, 'bRhatkathAmaMjarI' tathA 'kathAsaritsAgara' kI lambakabaddha racanA-paddhati meM milatA hai| isa prakAra, paravartI saMskRta-prAkRta-apabhraMza-kathAsAhitya ke AdhArAdarza ke rUpa meM 'vasudevahiNDI' kA adhika mUlya hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke mAdhyama se, brAhmaNa-paramparA aura jainazramaNa-paramparA kI kathAzailiyoM meM spaSTa antara bhI parilakSita hotA hai| zramaNa-paramparA meM brAhmaNa-paramparA ke paurANika-aitihAsika tattvoM ke puna: saMskAra kI ora adhika Agraha hai| vaidika sampradAya meM bhI zApa aura varadAna kI paramparA hai| kintu, naitika dRSTi se isakA mUlyAMkana na karake ise RSiyoM kA sAmarthya aura adhikAra mAna liyA gayA hai| bhale hI, usake pIche nIti kI bhAvanA ho, yA anIti kii| ___vaidika paramparA meM, RSiyoM ke AcaraNa meM saMyama kI vaha kaThoratA nahIM hai, jo zramaNa muniyoM ke caritra meM dRSTigata hotI hai / isake atirikta, vaidika RSi, zApa yA varadAna kA prayoga paropakAra aura loka-kalyANa kI apekSA adhikatara apanI vaiyaktika kAmanAoM aura lAlasAoM kI pUrti ke hetu hI karate dikhAI par3ate haiM, phira bhI unake AcaraNa meM na koI kalaMka lagatA thA aura na unakI pratiSThA ko AghAta pahu~catA thaa| kintu, zramaNa muniyoM ko, tanika bhI cAritrika skhalana

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568 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA hone para usakA ucita prAyazcitta bhogate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki vaidika paramparA meM eka kI kArya-kAraNa-zRMkhalA dUsare ke dvArA pradatta zApa aura varadAna ke AdhAra para avalambita hai, aura zramaNa-paramparA meM svakRta pApa-puNya para / svakRta puNya-pApa ke phalabhoga kA siddhAnta jaina vicAradhArA ko daivavAdI vaidika dhArA se sarvadA pRthak siddha karatA hai| - isake atirikta, brAhmaNa-paramparA meM Izvara-kartRtva ko vaiyaktika karmaphala-bhoga se jor3A gayA hai, kintu jaina paramparA meM mAnava ke svakRta karma kI. hI pradhAnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isameM Izvara-kartRtva kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| karmaphala kI zRMkhalA pratyeka jIva ke sAtha anAdi kAla se cala rahI hai aura yaha tabataka calatI rahegI, jabataka jIva samyagdRSTi, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra-rUpa ratnatraya kI prApti dvArA naye karmabandha ko rokakara saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA nahIM kara ddaaltaa| karmoM kA nirjarA (nirmUlana) se hI jIva paramAtmatva ko prApta karatA hai, jo anantajJAnasukhAtmaka hai| paramAtmatva kI prApti hI mokSa hai aura vahI jIva kA parama lakSya hai| karmAnubandha ke AdhAra para jIvoM ke utthAna-patana ko darasAne ke lie unake aneka janmAntaroM ke vivaraNoM ko upasthita karanA zramaNa-paramparA kI eka aMkanIya vizeSatA hai| isa prakAra, brAhmaNaparamparA aura zramaNa-paramparA ke saiddhAntika pArthakya-bodha kI dRSTi se bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAoM kA dhyAtavya mahattva hai| sAhityazAstrIya dRSTi se brAhmaNa aura zramaNa-paramparAoM kI sAhityika kRtiyoM ke kalApakSa kI samAnAntaratA rahI hai| phira bhI, brAhmaNa-paramparA kA kaloddezya jahA~ adhikAMzata: pravRttyAtmaka hai, vahA~ zramaNa-paramparA kA nivRttyAtmaka / sAhitya aura kalA-sthApatya kI dRSTi se donoM paramparAoM meM saundarya aura jIvana-sambhoga ke citra upasthita kiye gaye haiN| yauvanasphIta vilAsiniyA~, vArAMganAe~, jalavihAra, AsavapAna, manohArI vAdya, nRtya aura nATyAbhinaya, kAmaratirasAyana kA upabhoga Adi jIvana ke vividha mArmika pakSoM kA citraNa donoM paramparAoM meM samAna bhAva se milatA hai, kintu jIvana ke bhogopabhogoM aura Amoda-pramodoM ke sAtha jIvana-mUlyoM kI vyAkhyA nibaddha karake mAnava-jIvana ko pravRttimArga se nivRttimArga kI ora mor3ane kI prayojana-siddhi hI zramaNa-paramparA kA, brAhmaNa-paramparA se bhinna, mUla sthApatya hai| aura, yahI abhinava sthApatya saMghadAsagaNI ne apanI mahatkRti 'vasudevahiNDI' dvArA sampUrNa kathA-sAhitya ko bheMTa kiyA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM citrita sAmanta, rAje-maharAje, mANDalika, vidyAdhara, cakravartI prabhRti sabhI pAtra ghora zaMgAra meM Amagna dikhAye gaye haiM aura phira ve hI kisI eka choTe se nimitta ko prApta kara yA phira sAdhu-upadeza yA jAti-smaraNa yA avadhi jJAna ho. Ane para virakta ho jAte haiM, unheM vilAsa vaibhavapUrNa jIvanopabhoga nIrasa-nirarthaka pratIta hone lagatA hai| phalata:, ve sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanA ko paTAnna lagna tRNa ke samAna tyAga dete haiM aura zrAmaNya svIkAra kara Azrama yA vana kI ora prasthAna karate haiN| vahA~ ve vItarAgatA dhAraNa kara devatva aura mukti ke lie saceSTa ho jAte haiN| pAtroM kA, isa prakAra kA guNAtmaka parivartana kathA-sAhitya ke lie eka navIna kathA-cetanA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM RSi-muniyoM ke abhizApa aura varadAna, karma-zRMkhalA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hue haiN| avasara-vizeSa para upavana yA caitya yA nagara ke bAhara kisI udyAna meM munirAja kA padArpaNa

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569 upasamAhAra hotA hai, rAjA yA vidyAdhara yA sArthavAha yA vaNik zreSThI purajana- parijana sahita muni kI vandanA ke lie jAte haiM / vandanA ke anantara ve munirAja se apane pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta sunAne kA Agraha karate haiM / munirAja pUrvabhavoM kA vRttAnta sunAte haiM aura kisI vizeSa prazna ke sAtha karmaphala kA kArya-kAraNa-sambandha jor3ate haiN| isa prakAra, kathA ke vAtAvaraNa para paurANika prabhAva A jAne para bhI pAtroM kA yathArtha kriyAkalApa kisI prakAra se aura kahIM se bhI Ahata hue vinA sampUrNa kathA ko ramaNIyatA se anuraMjita karatA hai / yathAcitrita pAtroM ke saMkaTa ke samaya, yA unake kisI samasyA se ulajha jAne kI sthiti meM, muniyoM dvArA kAryakAraNa ke sambandha kA vizleSaNapUrvaka samAdhAna upasthita kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vinyasta pAtroM ke jIvana-mUlyoM kI vizleSaNa - vidhi brAhmaNa-paramparA se parivartita rUpa meM prApta hotI hai / phira bhI, rasamayatA kI. dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI prAkRta-kathA kisI bhI itara bhASA kI kathA se sarvAtizAyinI hai / kAvyAtmaka camatkAra, saundarya-bodha evaM rasAnubhUti ke vividha upAdAna 'vasudevahiNDI' meM vidyamAna haiN| nibandhapaTutA, bhAvAnubhUti kI tIvratA, vastu-vinyAsa kI satarkatA, vilAsa-vaibhava, prakRti-citraNa Adi sAhityika AyAmoM kI saghanatA ke sAtha hI bhogavAda para aMkuzAropaNa jaisI varNya vastu kA vinyAsa saMghadAsagaNI kI kathAvarNana - prauDhi ko sAtizaya cArutA pradAna karatA hai / isa prakAra, sAhityazAstriyoM dvArA vihita kathA ke samasta lakSaNa 'vasudevahiNDI' meM parinihita haiM / jJAtavya hai ki sAhityazAstrIya adhyayana ke krama meM kathAkAra dvArA upanyasta nAyaka-nAyikA - bhedoM kI mImAMsA bhI apanA viziSTa mUlya rakhatI hai aura apane-ApameM yaha eka svatantra adhyetavya viSaya hai 1 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, nAma kI anvarthatA ke anukUla, vasudeva kA yAtrA- vRttAnta upanyasta hai / isalie, isake prAya: sabhI pAtra hiNDanazIla haiM, jo vasudeva ke yAtrA - sahacara ke rUpa meM prastuta hue haiM / gatizIlatA 'vasudevahiNDI' ke pAtroM kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai / yahA~taka ki kathAntaroM yA khaNDakathAoM ke pAtra bhI gatizIla haiM aura ve sabhI ke sabhI puruSArthacatuSTaya kI siddhi ke lie prayatnazIla haiN| kahanA na hogA ki 'vasudevahiNDI' jaisI cAritrika utkrAnti aura jIvana ke gati-sAtatya se saMvalita mahAkathA meM kAvyAtmakatA kA prabhUta saMyojana huA hai, jisase yaha eka mahAkAvyAtmaka upanyAsa bana gayA hai| isake prajJAvAn kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ko bhASA ne bahuta sAtha diyA hai, isalie yaha grantha eka ora yadi kathAkRti ke rUpa meM parama ramaNIya AsvAda upasthita karatA hai, to dUsarI ora kAvyAtmaka bhASA aura prajJonmeSaka darzana kA AnandAmRta barasAtA hai / kathAkAra ne na kevala kathA, apitu kAvyamaya bhASA ke dvArA bhI rUpa, rasa, gandha, zabda aura sparzamUlaka deza, kAla aura pAtra ke jo bimba udbhAvita kiye haiM, ve anupama haiN| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM kevala puruSa - pAtra hI nahIM, varan nArI- caritra bhI apratima Avega, uddAma yauvana, utkaTa kAmavAsanA aura bahuraMgI jIvana kI USmA ke sAtha citrita haiN| sammohaka aura AkarSaka citroM kI dRSTi se isa kathAgrantha ko 'aindrajAlika maMjUSA' kahanA adhika upayukta homaa| tabhI to, kahIM isakI bhASA kI arthagarbha zobhA hRdaya ko AkRSTa karatI hai, to kahIM yAtrA kA ramya rucira varNana mana ko moha letA hai / paurANika, dhArmika aura laukika mahApuruSoM aura sAmAnya puruSoM ke jIvana ko lekara likhI gaI 'vasudevahiNDI' meM alaukika prasaMgoM kI kamI nahIM hai / kathAkAra ne vasudeva ko mahattama yA

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570 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA mahAmahima ke rUpa meM citrita karane ke krama meM unakI mAnavIyatA, parAkrama aura sAdhanA ko bhI rUpAyita kiyA hai| vasudeva, isa mahAkathA ke caritanAyaka haiM, isalie kathAkAra ne unameM aneka guNoM kA samAhAra upasthita kiyA hai| vasudeva kA vyaktitva svAbhimAna se dIpta hai, vaha dIrghAyu haiN| sau varSoM taka to vaha kevala hiNDana hI karate raha gaye ('vAsasayaM paribhamaMtehiM; 110.20) / vasudeva ke vyaktitva meM kathAkAra ne aneka tIkhe mor3a prastuta kiye haiN| kahIM vaha apanI patnI vegavatI ke lie karuNa vilApa karate haiM (vegavatIlambha : pR.225), to kahIM ratikrIDA meM vaha apane ko kAmazAstrokta hastI-nAyaka siddha karate haiM (tatraiva : pR.226)| vaha rUpa meM to kAmadeva ke pratirUpa haiM, sundariyA~ unapara nichAvara ho jAtI haiM (zyAmA-vijayAlambha : pR. 120; bhadramitrA-satyarakSitAlambha : pR. 353) / veda aura darzanazAstra meM to unakA pratipakSI hone kA sAhasa kisI meM nahIM thA (lalitazrIlambha : pR.361)| zalyacikitsA oSadhivijJAna, tantracikitsA yA bhUtacikitsA meM unake jaise adhikArI bhiSak kI dvitIyatA nahIM thii| vasudeva kAminIprasAdanopAya meM catura, kalAkuzala citrakAra aura mAlAkAra ke rUpa meM bhI varNita haiN| saMgIta aura vINAvAdana kI kalA se unhoMne campApura ke prasiddha saMgItAcArya jayagrIva ko cakita-vismita kara diyA thA aura saMgIta pratiyogitA meM vijayI hokara vidyAdharI gandharvadattA ko svAyatta kiyA thaa| nArada-prokta viSNugIta ke gAna meM bhI vaha nipuNa the| dInoM aura anAthoM ke uddhArakartA ke rUpa meM bhI unakI cUDAnta prasiddhi thii| sampUrNa dhanurveda aura yuddhavidyA meM unhoMne pAragAmitA prApta kI thii| dyUtakalA kI dRSTi se bhI vaha 'akSazauNDa' the| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke zabdoM meM yadi kaheM to, vasudeva 'vajradeha dAnavadalana' the, tabhI to unhoMne narabhakSI rAkSasa ko apanI bhujAoM meM dabAkara mAra DAlA thA (mitrazrI-dhanazrIlambha : pR.196)| saMkSepa meM yaha ki vaha bahattara kalAoM meM paNDita the| isa prakAra, vaha eka aise vIra nAyaka the, jisake lie kucha bhI asambhava aura agamya nahIM thaa| vaha dhIrodAtta, dhIroddhata aura dhIralalita, tInoM nAyakoM ke sammilita vyaktitva se vibhUSita the| kula milAkara, vaha guNAtizayatA kI pratimUrti the| brAhmaNa-paramparA meM lokanAyakatva kI jo garimA rAma aura kRSNa ko pradAna kI gaI hai, vahI garimA saMghadAsagaNI ne vasudeva ko dI hai| brAhmaNa-paramparA meM kRSNa ke jisa alaukika caritra kA mahattva rUpAyita huA hai, usI kA udAtta rUpa saMghadAsagaNI dvArA citrita vasudeva kI carita-kalpanA meM prApta hotA hai| mAnavI aura vidyAdharI-jAti ko milAkara vasudeva ko kula aTThAIsa paliyA~ prApta huI haiN| ye sabhI-kI-sabhI uttama koTi kI nAyikAe~ hai, kalAviduSiyA~ aura rUpa-lAvaNyavatI haiN| ye sabhI nAriyA~, kAlidAsa ke zabdoM meM kaheM to, vasudeva kI gRhiNI-saciva-sakhI tathA lalita kalAvidhi meM priyaziSyA ke rUpa meM citrita huI haiN| ye sabhI svakIyA aura anukUlA nAyikAe~ haiM, aura bhAratIya lalitakalA ke vaiziSTyoM kI zreSThatama pratIka haiN| sabase adhika dhyAtavya viSaya yaha hai ki bahupatnIkatA ke bAvajUda vasudeva kA jIvana, unakI dAkSiNya-vRtti ke kAraNa, kabhI asantulita nahIM banA hai| unameM asvastha viSayaiSaNA kA sarvathA abhAva hI isakA sabase bar3A kAraNa hai| vaha eka Adarza dakSiNanAyaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| ___ 'vasudevahiNDI' anekAntavAdI kathAzailI meM parinibaddha huI hai| isameM bhAratIya saMskRti kA santulita citra upanyasta huA hai| viSayaiSaNA ko isameM jitanA adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai, usI

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upasamAhAra * anupAta meM tyAga-tapasyA kI AvazyakatA para bhI bala diyA gayA hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne sAMskRtika utkarSa kA jo Adarza citra prastuta kiyA hai, usameM kahIM bhI ekAMgitA nahIM hai / kintu Azcarya isa bAta kA hai ki isa mahAn kathAgrantha ko, ekAMgI dRSTikoNa se, kevala ratyAtmaka kathA ke rUpa meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai, jo isakI upekSA kA kAraNa bana gayA hai| sAtha hI, sAmpradAyika pUrvAgraha ke kAraNa bhI saMghadAsagaNI jaise Adarzonmukha yathArthavAdI mahAn zramaNAcArya kI isa mahatkRti kA Ajataka sahI mUlyAMkana apekSita hI raha gayA hai| isa kathAgrantha kI kAmakathAe~ nizcaya hI pravRttyAtmaka haiM, kintu ve hI jaba pariNAma meM dharmakathA bana jAtI haiM, taba nivRtyAttmaka ho jAtI haiM / isa prakAra, pravRtti aura nivRtti ke sAtha hI sAmpradAyika samanvaya kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAe~ ubhayAtmaka yA samanvayAtmaka haiM / 571 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke uccatama zikhara para pahu~cane kA mUlyavAn prayAsa parilakSita hotA hai / sAtha hI, isameM vaisI bhAratIya sabhyatA citrita huI hai, jisake antastala meM varttamAna Abhyantara cetanA aura saMskRti bhI pratibimbita hotI hai| isa prakAra, yaha kathAkRti jIvana mUlyoM ke sandarbha meM bhArata kA viziSTa dRSTikoNa prastuta karatI haiM, jisakI carama pariNati vasudeva meM dikhAI gaI hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' meM bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kA sarvAMgINa citra, aMkita kiyA gayA hai| vyakti kA jaba svastha nirmANa hotA hai, taba vaha sAmAjika prANI yA yogya puruSArthI nAgarika banatA hai aura phira vaha antarmukha hokara cintana-manana karatA hai, zruta kA adhyayana aura tapa kA AcaraNa karatA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha anta meM nirbhaya bhAva se zarIra kA parityAga karatA hai / isI krama meM mAnava apane tapobala se svarga kA adhikArI hotA hai aura mokSagAmI bhI banatA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' meM mAnava-saMskRti kI isI spRhaNIya udAtta kathA kA viniyoga huA hai / isI kAraNa, 'dharmazAstroM meM bAra-bAra udghoSita dharmArthakAmamokSa jaise caturvidha puruSArtha ke sambandha meM saMghadAsagaNI dvArA uTTaMkita punarvaktavya aura usake udAharaNArtha upanyasta kI gaI vasudeva kI kathA tato'dhika pratIkAtmaka bana gaI hai| isa prakAra, 'vasudevahiNDI', sacamuca, bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI mahAnidhi evaM parama ramaNIyojjvala mahArgha bRhatkathA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai /

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pariziSTaH 1 katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda 'vasudevahiNDI' meM, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prayukta aise aneka prAcIna prAkRta zabda milate haiM, jo apanI vividhatA, vicitratA aura viziSTatA kI dRSTi se vivecanIya mUlya rakhate haiM, sAtha hI prAkRta ke paravartI vikAsa kI kramikatA ke adhyayana meM bhI jinakI apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA parilakSita hotI hai| yahA~ vihaMgAvalokananyAya se katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya vibhinnavargIya (saMjJA, sarvanAma, vizeSaNa, kriyAvizeSaNa, kriyA Adi) zabda anukrama se upanyasta haiN| isameM prayukta pRSTha-saMkhyAe~ muni caturavijaya-puNyavijaya dvArA sampAdita bhAvanagara-saMskaraNa ke anusAra haiN| [a] aMchaviyacchi (271.17) : kRSTavikRSTiM (saM.), khIMcatAna / hemacandra ne bhI AkRSTa, arthAt khIMcane yA kAr3hane ke artha meM dezI zabda 'aMchiya' kA ullekha kiyA hai : 'aMchiyaM ca kaDDiae |'-'deshiinaammaalaa' (1.14) aMchiya (291.25) : AkRSTa (saM.), khIMcA, khIMca liyaa| mUlapATha : 'aMchio khaggo' =(myAna se) talavAra khIMca lI yA kAr3ha lii| aMtevAsI (62.7) : nikaTa meM rahanevAlA; samIpavattI; par3osI (pracalita artha: ziSya yA chaatr)| aimuttayavallidolAe (46.25) : atimuktakavallidolAyAM (saM.) = mAdhavIlatA ke hiMDole pr| agalligA (92.6) : asvastha (strI) kA arthavAcaka yaha zabda koI dezya vizeSaNa-prayoga pratIta hotA hai| acca (305.16) : arcA (saM.); prtimaa| pratimA ke artha meM 'arcA' kA ullekha kathAkAra kA pratIkAtmaka prayoga-vaiziSTya hai| acchuya (180.1) : [dezI]; aspRSTa (saM.), vinA chuA huA, anchuaa| ajjiyA (367.3) : AryikA (saM.), AjI; dAdI; pitA kI mAtA; pitAmahI (lokabhASA : aiyA; iyA) / sAmAnya pracalita artha : bhikSuNI / ajjhovavAya (298.15) : adhyupapAda (saM.); atyanta Asakti / aNAte : aNAe (179.15) : anayA (saM.); isake dvArA; isase / kevala sArvanAmika hI nahIM, taditara zabdoM meM bhI 'ya' kI jagaha 'ta' varNa kA viniyoga 'vasudevahiNDI' meM sArvatrika rUpa se bhUriza: uplbdh| aNusaTThI (286.4): anuziSTi (saM.), Agama ke anukUla upadeza / aNoyattaM (138.25) avanataM (saM.); jhuka gyaa| mUlapAThaH 'aNoyattaM se vayaNakamalaM' = usakA mukhakamala jhuka gyaa| yahA~ 'Na' kA varNa-viparyaya, jo 'vasudevahiNDI'

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vasudeva kI aTThAIsa paliyoM kI vivaraNI 573 meM prAya: prApta hotA hai, mAnA jAya, to prA. 'ayoNataM' ko saMskRta 'avanata' kA pratirUpa sahaja hI kahA jA sakatA hai| aNNayeNaM (290.25) : anvayena (saM.), paramparAgata rUpa se, vaMzAnukrama se| aNNijjamANI (132.25) : anvIyamAnA (saM.); anusaraNa kI jAtI huii| mUlapATha : 'aNNijjamANI iva lajjAe' = lajjA se anugata, arthAt, lajjA jisakA anugamana kara rahI hai| lAjavantI gandharvadattA ke upamAmUlaka cAkSuSa bimba kA yaha uttama udAharaNa hai| atIva (99.11) : [kriyA] atyetu (saM.); bhAgo; niklo| attagamaNaM (40.24) : AtmagamanaM (saM.); Atmabodha; AtmajJAna / prasaMgAnusAra isa zabda kI vyutpatti kA eka aura prakAra sambhava hai: attaga (Atmaka) + maNaM (manonusAra) = apane mana (jJAna) ke anusaar| atyagdha (148.11): [dezI] athAha / 'dezInAmamAlA' (hemacandra) meM athAha ke lie 'atthaggha' yA 'atthagha' aura 'atthAha,' ina do paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha huA hai (1.54) / atyasatya (45.25) : astrazAstra (saM.), katipaya vidvAnoM ne isa zabda kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'arthazAstra' kiyA hai| kintu, prasaMgAnusAra spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra kA abhiprAya 'astrazAstra', arthAt astravidyA yA dhanurvidyA se sambaddha zAstra se hai| atyANivelAsu (163.25) : AsthAnavelAsu (saM.); sabhA ke samaya / AsthAna = sabhA, sabhAbhUmi yA sabhAmaNDapa bhii| aTTha (27.10) : ardhaSTa (saM.); sAr3he sAta (sAta aura AThaveM kA aadhaa)| yaha prAkRta kI apanI saMkhyAvakratAjanya prAyogika vizeSatA hai / jaise: 'tato navaNhaM mAsANaM bahupaDipuNNANaM aTThamANa ya rAiMdiyANaM vitIkkaMtANaM jAto (muulpaatth)|' arthAt, 'nau mahIne pUre hone ke bAda sAr3he sAta dina-rAta bItane para (dhammilla) utpanna huaa|' jaina vizvAsa ke anusAra, kisI satpuruSa ke janma kI prAya: yahI avadhi nizcita hotI hai| arddhamAgadhI meM 'aTTa' kA prayoga-prAcurya upalabdha hotA hai| addhoruya : aDDhoruya (67.2) : aoruka (saM.), vastra-vizeSa; Adhe ghuTane taka kA hApha paiNTanumA paridhAna (vizeSa vivaraNa prastuta zodhagrantha ke sAMskRtika jIvana prakaraNa ke vastravarNana-prasaMga meM drssttvy)| apajjattIkhama (140.3) : a + paryAptikSama (saM.); pUrNaprApti ke ayogya (ayogyatAsUcaka naJ smaas)| mUla kathAprasaMga hai ki vidyAdhara ne AlokaramaNIya pulinakhaNDa ko rati kI pUrNaprApti ke yogya na mAnakara, use chor3a vidyAdharI ke sAtha Age bar3ha gyaa|

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574 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA apariccaeNaM (145.23) : aparityAgena (saM.); yaha niSedhamUlaka vidhyarthaka prayoga hai| isameM virodhArthaka naJ ke sAtha hI 'vinAyoge tRtIyA' bhI hai| aparityAga, arthAt parityAga ke viparIta-saMgraha / mUlArthaH dhana-saMgraha kiye vinaa| apariyAkta (178.17) : aparyAvRtta (saM.), asamApta; Anukramika / kathAkAra ne Anu kramika vaMza-paraMparA ke prasaMga meM 'apariyAvatta' kA prayoga kiyA hai: 'vaMse apriyaavtte'| apphoDeUNa (25.15) : AsphoTayitvA (saM.), tAlI bajAkara / (zrAvakoM dvArA muniyoM kI vandanA karane ke bAda tAlI bajAne kI prathA / ) abbhusattamiva (137.23) : abhyucchvasanniva (saM.); usA~seM letA huaa-saa| amAdhAmo (197.6-7) : amAghAta: (saM.), abhayaghoSaNA, jIvahiMsA kI niSedhAjJAmUlaka ghoSaNA / (isakA eka aura prAkRta-rUpa 'amagghAya' bhI hai|) amilA (218.9) : [dezI] UnI vastra; bhedd'| ammayAgAhiM (132.26) : ambikAbhi : yA ambAbhi: (saM.), mAtAoM-kulavRddhAoM dvaaraa| amhita (248.6) : Azcaryita (saM.), cakita; vismita / vimhita' (vismita) ke tarja para ___ 'amhita' zabda kathAkAra ne gar3ha liyA hai| saMskRta kA AzcaryasUcaka 'aho' zabda prAkRta meM 'amho' hotA hai| 'amho' se hI kRdanta 'kta' pratyaya jor3akara 'amhita' zabda banAyA gayA hai| alliyA (60.22) : upasarpitA (saM.), sAmane upasthita kiyA [dezI shbd]| avaMgutaduvAra (221.2425) : apAvRtadvAraM (saM.), khulA huA dvaar| 'avaMguta' dezI zabda hai, jisakA artha hotA hai-khulA huaa| saM. 'anavaguNThita' ke samAnAntara ise rakhA jA sakatA hai| avatAsiu (96.6) : AzliSya (saM.), AliMgana krke| 'avayAsiu' kA 'avatAsiu' rUpa ('ya' kI jagaha 'ta') saMghadAsagaNI ke viziSTa prayogAgraha kA nidarzana hai| avaphuro ceva viphuriUNa (293.11) : avasphurazcaiva visphuritvA (saM.); AkArika vistAra ko aura adhika vistRta kara; vistRta hone ke bAvajUda aura adhika vistRta hokr| avamAseUNaM (221.27) : avamAsayitvA (saM.) adalA-badalI karake / taulane-badalane ke artha meM 'mas' dhAtu kA pATha pANini-vyAkaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| cAdara aura aMgUThI kI adalA-badalI ke prasaMga meM kathAkAra ne isa pUrvakAlika kriyA kA prayoga kiyA hai| mUlapATha hai: 'tao aNAe avamAseUNaM NiyagamuttarIyaM mama diNNaM madIyaM gahiyaM aMguleyagaM ca diNNaM / ' (taba usane adalA-badalI karake apanI cAdara mujhe de dI aura mere dvArA dI gaI aMgUThI le lii|)

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katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda avaraddhA (46.27) : aparAddhA (saM.); sA~pa se Da~sI gaI / ( 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' meM isa zabda kA artha aparAdha bhI hai aura vizeSaNa ('aparAddha' ) ke rUpa meM 'aparAdhI' evaM 'vinAzita' artha bhI haiN| yahA~ saMghadAsagaNI kA, sA~pa ke aparAdha karane se tAtparya hai / ) 575 avArIe (51.21) : ApaNe (saM.); yaha dezI zabda hai : 'AvaMNe avAro avArI a|'--deshiinaammaalaa (1.12) / avArIe = dukAna meM / avikiNNamappayAe (136.12-13 ) : avikIrNapadayA yA avikIrNAtmapadayA (saM.), prasaMgAnusAra artha: jisake caraNacihna bikhare nahIM haiM, tAjA haiN| 'mappa' kA artha yadi 'mApa' liyA jAya, to artha hogA : jisake caraNoM kI AkRti yA mApa cihna akSuNa hai / kathAkAra dvArA prayukta samasta padoM meM 'ma' ke Agama kI pravRtti kA vaicitrya aneka sthaloM para parilakSitavya hai / mUlagrantha ke sampAdakoM ke anusAra 'ma' Agama kI yaha pravRtti Agamika hai| jaise : 'jiNavaramuddiTTho' < jinavaroddiSTa : (15.9), 'jovvaNamudaye' < yauvanodaye (20.21) Adi / [A] AivAhiga (15.20) : AtivAhika (saM.); yAtrA - sahacara / Agama ke anusAra, devavizeSa, jo mRta jIva ko dUsare janma meM le jAne ke lie niyukta hai / AUMjaNa (361.6) : AkuMcana (saM.); dahI jamAne ke lie auMTe hue dUdha meM DAlA jAnevAlA dahI yA aura koI khaTTI cIja; jAmana, jorana / AgaMpeUNa (305.18) : AkampayitvA (saM.); ArAdhanA se dravita kara; prasanna kara; vicalita kara / AData (144.13) : Adatta (saM.), kirAye para diyA gyaa| AdaNNA (95.11) : strI. dezI zabda / vyAkula; vyasta / mUlapATha : 'aNNeNa kajjeNa ahaM AdaNNA' = maiM dUsare kAma se vyasta hU~ (satyabhAmA kI ukti ) / AyaMbila (25.7) : AcAmla (saM.), jaina muniyoM dvArA pAraNa (vratAnta bhojana) meM liyA jAnevAlA kAMjI - sahita kevala bhAta kA AhAra ( AcAmlAhAra) / Ayarakkha (130.16) : AtmarakSaka (saM.); aMgarakSaka (baoNDIgArDa ) / AyasakIluSpAliesu (138.16) : AyasakIlotpIDiteSu (saM.); lohe kI kIla se utpIDita rahane yA hone para bhii| 'uppIliya' kI jagaha 'uppAliya' prayoga bhI apanA svara- vaiparItyamUlaka ('pI' ke sthAna para 'pA') vaicitrya se saMvalita hai / prasaMga ko thor3A antarita kara yadi 'utpATiteSu' ('uppAliesu') saMskRta-rUpa mAnA jAya, to svara- vaiparItya kI kalpanA apekSita nahIM rhegii| artha hogA lohe kI kIla ko zarIra se ukhAr3a lene para bhI rakta nahIM nikalatA Adi / : Ala : (295.15) : Ala (saM.), doSAropaNa, kalaMka kA Aropa /

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576 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA Avasya (281.3) : ApAzraya (saM.), uThagane kA AdhAra ( takiyA, masanada Adi) / mUlapATha : 'sAvassae AsaNe' = AdhAra sahita Asana para / AvAsanti (221.5) : AdRzyante (saM.) ; [ A + vAsa < pAsa < dRz : bhAvavAcya]; dikhAI par3ate haiM / mUlapATha : 'eyAo pAsAyapaMtIo AvAsanti / ' AsaNNagihe (133.8) : AsannagRhe (saM.), baiThake meM / 1 AsAyaNa (67.17) : AzAtana (saM.); niyantrita; vazavarttI ( tiraskAra yA apamAna ke artha meM bhI yaha zabda pracalita hai) / AsAseMtA (55.7) : 'AsiJcan' (saM.) kA yaha kathAkAra prayukta prAkRta rUpa hai| mUlapATha hai: 'pacchApauradANasalileNaM bhUmi AsAseMto' = jharate hue pracura madajala se dharatI ko sIMcatA huA (hAthI) / AsukkAra (75.25) : AzukAra (saM.), zIghra mAra DAlanevAlA roga; visUcikA Adi mahAmArI | Asuta (75.14) : Azurupta (saM.); zIghra kruddhaH atikupita / [i] iriyA (24.19) : IrSyA (saM.), kevala zarIra se honevAlI kriyA (gatikriyA) / io volaMtehiM (143.11) : ito gacchadbhiH (saM.), kriyAdeza ke niyamAnusAra, gam dhAtu kA 'vol' Adeza / artha : idhara se jAte hue, gujarate hue / [ u, U] ukkAyaMta (65.7) : utkramyamANa (saM.), jhar3ate hue (phuul)| uccAvaga (174.9) : uccyAvaka (saM.), kathAkAra ne dhUrta, vaMcaka Adi ke artha meM isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / kadAcit hindI kA 'ucakkA' zabda isI se vikasita - huA hai| uccolI (148.10) : [ dezI ]; jholI; poTalI; thailI / utthaiya (77.21) : avastRta (saM.); vyApta / uddhayA (33.19) : uddhUtA (saM.), garvonnata; Upara uThI huI / upaja (111.19) : utpiMjala (saM.), 1. vyAkula; atizaya Akula; 2. devatA ke AkAza se utarane ke samaya kI prakAzadhUsara sthiti yA vAtAvaraNa / ulaei (66.14) : upalAgayati (saM.); mUlapATha: 'ure ulaei' = phUla kI mAlA kaNTha meM pahanA detI hai| uluggasarIro (294.2) : avarugNazarIraH (saM.), bImAra; rugNa zarIravAlA; bhagna; naSTa; truTita / pAli meM bhI jarjara yA khaNDa-khaNDa hone ke artha meM 'olugga' zabda kA prayoga huA hai (dra. 'pAli-hindIkoza': bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana) /

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577 katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda ulloya (161.15) : ulloka (saM.), chata / 'pAiyasaddamahaNNavo' meM 'ulloya' kA 'ulloca' saMskRta-pratizabda hai, jisakA artha 'cA~danI' kiyA gayA hai| uvakkhesu (276.2) : upaskuru (saM.), pAsa le Ao, apanA banA lo| pAli meM bhI - 'upakkhaTa' vizeSaNa kA prayoga milatA hai, jisakA artha hai pAsa lAyA huaa| uvachubhati (145.12) : upakSipati (saM.); ekatra karatA hai| uvayaMtANi (138.2) : utpatitAni (saM.); ubhare hue (crnn-cihn)| uvahANa (4.22) : upadhAna (saM.), takiyA; viziSTa tapazcaryA / uvAiDaM (29.25) : upayAcituM (saM.), manautI mAnane (utArane) ke lie| uvAya (124.27) : 'uvAyaNa' kA Na-lupta pryog| upAyana (saM.); upahAra; bheNtt| uvAyopAehiM (149.27) : utpAtAvapAtai: (saM.); Upara uchalane aura nIce girane kI kriyAoM se| uhAvaNA (102.4) : apabhAvanA (saM.); durbhaavnaa| UsAsiya (67.9) : ucchvAsita (saM.); unmukta, unmocita / (prasaMgAnusAra : ghor3e ko jIna Adi ke bandhana se mukta kiyaa|) [e] ekkasihAe (221.24) : ekazikhAta: (saM.); ekbaargii| isakA dUsarA saMskRta-rUpa 'ekaspRhayA' bhI sambhava hai| mUlAnusAra, yahA~ upadravakArI vidyunmukha hAthI se DarI huI eka bAlikA kA cAkSuSa bimba upasthita kiyA gayA hai| DarI huI bAlikA dharatI para ugI huI kamalinI jaisI laga rahI hai; yUthabhraSTa hiranI (hariNajuvaI) kI bhA~ti usakA zarIra bhaya se stambhita hai| jisa prakAra hAthI vanalatA kI coTI pakar3akara, use ekabAragI ukhAr3akara Upara uThA letA hai, usI prakAra vasudeva ne hAthI ke prahAra se bacAne ke lie bAlikA kI coTI pakar3akara use ekabAragI Upara uThA liyaa| isa Upara uThAne kI kriyA meM vasudeva kI usa bAlikA ke prati ekAnta spRhA bhI sajaga ho AI thii| sAtha hI, hAthI aura vasudeva ke kArya aura svabhAva kI samAnatA kI samAsokti kA AdhAra lekara kathAkAra ne 'ekasihAe' jaise eka zabda ke dvArA sarasa zRMgArika bimba ko vizAla arthaphalaka para aMkita kiyA hai| " [o] oyavinta (265:2) ojasvita (saM.); oja:pUrNa / orubhiya (46.14) : (avA + ruh) avArohita (saM.); utArA gyaa| prasaMgAnusAra artha hogA : ratha meM jute ghor3e ko kholakara usakI pITha para se palAna utaaraa| ('pesajaNeNa ya turayA raho ya jahAThANaM pavesiyA, orubhiyA y|') 'orubhiyA'

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578 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA se, 'bhRtyoM ne thake hue ghor3e kI mAliza kI', aisA artha bhI prasaMga - dhvanita hotA hai| olaiya (40.7) : avalagita (saM.); (zarIra se) lagA (saTA huA; pahanA ( dhAraNa kiyA) huA / oloyaNa (357.3) : avalokana (saM.); chatadAra barAmadrA, jahA~ se sukhapUrvaka baiThakara bAhara dUra taka ke dRzya kA avalokana kiyA jA ske| sAmAnya artha : gavAkSa; vAtAyana / (vizeSa draSTavya : prastuta zodhagrantha kA vAstuprakaraNa) / ovaga : ovaggiya (35528) : upavalga : upavalgita (saM.); AkrAnta, AcchAdita / mUlapATha : 'pupphovagaduma' = puSpAkrAnta yA puSpAcchAdita vRkSa / osakkiya (136.31) : avaSvaSkita (saM.); pIche haTA yA bhAgA huA; uttejita kiyA huaa| osaddha (348.13) : [ dezI ] Ahata; pAtita / mUlapATha: 'tusArosaddhA iva paumiNI' tuSArAhata kamalinI ke samAna / = osahipamatta (216.28) : oSadhipramarda (saM.), oSadhi se utpanna ghAva / mUlAnusAra, kathA hai ki yuvatI puNDrA kI jA~gha cIrakara (usake zaizava ke samaya rakhI gaI) jo oSadhi zalyacikitsA dvArA nikAlI gaI, usase jA~gha meM kucalana yA ghAva (pramarda) ho AyA thaa| vaha ghAva saMrohiNI oSadhi ke prayoga se bhara gayA / ohAmiya (88.21) : [dezI ]; abhibhUta; tiraskRta; vijita / [ka] kaMDiyasAlA (62.1) : kaNDikazAlA (saM.); kaNDita = sApha-sutharA kiyA huA / prasaMgAnusAra artha: cAvala chA~Tane yA sApha-sutharA karane kA ghara / yaha Adhunika 'khalihAna' se bhI tulanIya hai / kaMsamAdIyA (111.7) : kaMsAdikA: (saM.), 'kaMsa' aura 'AdIyA' ke bIca meM 'ma' kA Agama kathAkAra ke Agamika prayoga - vaicitrya kA sUcaka hai / kaMsAra (353.3) : [ dezI] cAvala ke ATe meM cInI yA gur3a milAkara banAI jAnevAlI miThAI / muNDana, upanayana, vivAha Adi sAmAjika saMskAroM ke avasaroM para honevAle devapUjana, vizeSataH sUryapUjA, havana prabhRti vibhinna maMgalakAryoM meM isakA vyavahAra hotA hai / lokabhASA meM ise 'kasAra' kahate haiM / 1 kacchulla (325.5) : [ dezI] nAradakA nAma- vizeSa / 'jainendrasiddhAntakoza' ke anusAra, zalAkApuruSoM meM 9 zarado ko bhI parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| prasiddha 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke atirikta : nArada, 12 rudra, 24 kAmadeva aura 16 kulakaroM Adi ko milAne para 169 zalAkApuruSa jAte haiN| nau nAradoM ke nAmoM meM bhinnatA milatI hai / kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne kula tIna nAradoM kA ullekha

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katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda 579 kiyA hai : kacchullanArada (pR.315), neminArada (pR.368) aura nArada (pR.80, 83, 91, 94 aadi)| kaTayiyasavvaMgo (143.15) : 'kaNTakitasarvAGgaH' (saM.), sarvAMga se pulakita; roe~ khar3e ho jAne ke kAraNa sArA zarIra ka~TIlA banA huaa|('kttyiy' meM anunAsikatA kA lopa prAkRta kA prayoga hai|) kaThiNasaMkAiyaM (237.12) : 'kaThinazaGkhAdikaM' (saM.), jholA (vastra), zaMkha Adi ko| pAli-vinayapiTaka meM bhikSukoM ke cIvara-vizeSa ko 'kaThina' kahA gayA hai| yahA~ bhI sAdhujanocita vastra kI ora kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne nirdeza kiyA hai, jisase kathAkAra para bauddhoM ke vinaya aura pAli-bhASA ke prabhAva kA saMketa milatA hai| kaDaya (75.19): kaTaka (saM.), prasaMgAnusAra parvata kA mUlabhAga; uptykaa| isakA eka artha parvata kA UrzvabhAga yA adhityakA bhI hai| UrzvabhAga chinna ho jAne ke kAraNa hI rAjagRha ke vipulAcala kA nAma saMghadAsagaNI ne 'chinakaTaka' diyA hai| kaDilla (323.3) : [dezI] vana; jaMgala; attvii| kaThiNa (216.17) : [ dezI] bhNgii| kaNisa (269.3) : kaNiza (saM.), dhAna yA kisI bhI zasya kI baalii| 'kaNisa' kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue hemacandra ne kahA hai : 'dhAnyazIrSavAcI tu kaNisazabda saMskRtabhavaH / ' -'dezInAmamAlA' (2.26) kaNeru (70.18) : 'kareNu' (saM.) kA prA. varNa-viparyaya-kaNeru; hstinii| saMghadAsagaNI ne 'Na' kA varNa-viparyaya kaI jagaha kiyA hai| anya udAharaNa haiM: 'vArANasI' kA 'vANArasI'; 'jovvaNa' kA 'jovaNNa' aadi| kabbaDa (33.22) : karbaTa (saM.); choTA gA~va, kunagara / mUlapATha : 'kabbaDadevayA = duSTa (hIna) devtaa| kayavara (248.7) : [dezI] katavAra; kUr3A-katavAra / vizeSa dra. 'dezInAmamAlA' (2.11) / karaNa (94.19) : karaNa (saM.); kSetra, kheta / kalattaguruyatAe (135.26) : kalatragurukatayA (saM.), kalatra, yAnI nitamba kI gurutA / (bhArIpana) ke kaarnn| saMghadAsagaNI ne kadAcit pahalI bAra, nitamba ke lie 'kalatra' kA prayoga kiyA hai| mUlapATha hai: 'itthINaM puNa kalattaguruyatAe paNhiyAsu uviddhANi bhvNti| [phira, striyoM ke nitamba kI gurutA ke kAraNa hI usakI er3I (bAlU para) adhika gaharI ubharI hotI hai|] kiikamma (24.19) : kRtikarma (saM.), vandanA; praNAma /

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580 ' vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kuMTI (357.17), : kuNTI (saM.), lUlI- la~gar3I, baunI - kubar3I / kuMbhaggaso (64.13) : kumbhAgraza: (saM.); magadhadeza kA eka parimANa, TokarI-kI-TokarI (vastu) / kukkusa (62.1) : [ dezI ] bhUsA / kummAsa (136.18) : kulmASa (saM.), kulmASa ur3ada, mU~ga Adi dhAnya-vizeSa ke artha ko dyotita karatA hai, kintu kathAkAra ne isa zabda ko raMjana- kriyA ke artha meM raMgabodhaka bimbodbhAvana ke lie, prayukta kiyA hai| mUlapATha hai: 'aMjaNadhAukummAso iva rayayapavvayo' = aMjana dhAtu se raMjita rajataparvata ke samAna / kullariyA (39.28) : halavAI kI dukaan| yaha dezI zabda hai / kUra (290.5) : bhAta / 'dezInAmamAlA' (2.43) meM bhI bhAta ko kUra kahA gayA hai : 'atra' kUraM bhaktamiti saMskRtasamatvAnnoktam / ' * kUvaM gayassa (53.23) : 'kUva' dezI zabda hai / 'kUvaM gayassa' kA artha hogA : curAI huI (kUpaMgata ) cIja kI khoja meM gaye hue (vyakti kA) / koTTAa : koTTaga (61.27) : koTTAka (saM.); bar3haI / koDukinemittI (119.9) : kroSTukinaimittika (saM.), siyAra kI AvAja ke AdhAra para zakuna vicAranevAlA yA lakSaNa batAnevAlA jyotiSI / 'kolaMba (44.9) : 'kolaMba' zabda pAli aura saMskRta meM bhI prApta hotA hai / kintu, artha bhinna hai / saMskRta meM 'kolamba' kA artha hai - vINA kA DhA~cA yA tAra-rahita vINA / pAli meM bar3e baratana ko 'kolaMba' kahA gayA hai / kintu, saMghadAsagaNI dvArA prayukta prAkRta 'kolaMba' zabda se prasaMgAnusAra pahAr3a ke tarAI - bhAga kA anumAna hotA hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke gujarAtI - anuvAda ke kartA pro. sANDesarA ne 'kolaMba' kA artha pradeza kiyA hai| mUlapATha hai : 'eyassa pavvayassa puricchamalle kolaMbe donhaM natINaM mjjhbhaae|' 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' meM 'kolaMba' kA artha vRkSa kI zAkhA kA jhukA huA agrabhAga diyA gayA hai| kolAla (22.28) : kulAla (saM.), khappar3a, miTTI ke baratana kA TUTA huA Tukar3A / pracalita artha: kumbhakAra / kevaiyaM (303.2) : kiyat (saM.); kitanA (parimANavAcaka) / [kha] khaMDiya (320.7-8 ) : khaNDika (saM.), chAtra, vidyArthI / khaMta (22.11) : pitA [dezI ] /

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katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda 581 khaliNa (66.29) : khalina (saM.); lgaam| khAmo kAlo (62.15) : kSAma: kAla: (saM.), kSINa samaya; akAla; abhAva kA samaya; kar3akI kA din| khAraka (123.14) : kSAraka (saM.) bhujaparisarpa kI eka jAti; bhujAoM se reMganevAlI srpjaati| khuDDaya : khuDaga (72.10) : [dezI]; aMgUThI; choTA sAdhu (kssudrk)| khemavaTTamANI (146.6) : kSemavartamAnI (saM.), kuzala-samAcAra / [ga] gaNiyA : gaNiyArI (70.17) : mUla prasaMga se 'gaNyiA' kA artha hAthI kA jhuNDa pratIta hotA hai aura 'gaNiyArI' kA 'mahAvata' yA 'piilvaan'| 'gaNiyArI' kA saMskRta-rUpa 'gaNacArI' mAnA jAya, to hAthI ke jhuNDa ko carAnevAlA yA saMcAlita karanevAlA artha sambhava hai| pAli meM aneka ziSyoM ke zikSaka ko 'gaNAcariya' kahA gayA hai| jaina sAdhu 'gaNI' zabda se saMjJita hote haiM, jisakA artha hai : gaNa kA pati, jisake aneka anusa" hoM / jaise : 'vasudevahiNDI' ke lekhaka saMghadAsagaNI yA zvetAmbaroM ke vartamAna dharmAcArya AcAryazrI tulasI gnnii| gamei(56.26) : gamayati (saM.) = bodhayati / mUlapAThaH 'kamalaseNA vimalaseNaM gamei' = kamalasenA vimalasenA ko samajhAtI hai| gayamaya (336.4) : gatamRta (saM.) bhUta-preta / yaha dezI zabda hai| gayavajjamajho (162.4) : graiveyakamadhya: (saM.), jisake zarIra kA madhyabhAga aveyaka ke samAna hai| yoM, graiveyaka kA sAmAnya artha grIvA (gale) kA AbhUSaNa hai| kintu, kathAkAra kA saMketa usa viziSTa AbhUSaNa yA gajamuktA (gajavajra) kI ora pratIta hotA hai, jisakA madhyabhAga patalA rahatA hai| arthAt, prasaMgAnusAra RSabhasvAmI ke zarIra kA madhyabhAga (kamara) patalA thaa| gavalaguliya (265.8) : gavalagulika (saM.) bhaiMsa kA sIMga aura aMjanaguTikA (guliya = guTikA) ke samAna (nIle AkAza kA upmaan)| gAmauDa (295.17) : grAmakUTa (saM.), grAmaNI; mukhiyaa| 'gAmaNI gAmauDo, gAmagoho goho ete catvAro'pi grAmapradhAnArthAH / '- 'dezInAmamAlA' (2.89) gAlemi (246.16) : gAlayAmi (saM.), nAza karatA huuN| [gAlaya dhAtu); 'gAlana' aura bhI kaI arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| jaise : chAnanA; gAlanA; nicor3anA; atikramaNa karanA; ullaMghana karanA aadi| goja (364.19) : [dezI] gavaiyA; ddholkiyaa|

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582 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA gharamayaharayA (140.27) : gRhamahattarakA: (saM.); ghara ke bar3e-bUr3he / ( 'mahayarayA' kA varNaviparyaya 'mayaharayA' / ) ghAriya (287.26) : ghArita (saM.), viSa ke prabhAva se vyAkula / mUlapATha : 'visadhAriyAo' / [ca] camaDhijjihi (98.27) : [ dezI ] kucale jAoge / 'camaDha' dezI kriyA ke aneka artha haiM : masalanA; kucalanA; pIDita karanA; AkramaNa karanA; car3ha baiThanA / kathAkAra dvArA prayukta 'camaDhijjihi' (bhaviSyatkriyA) meM paryApta kriyA- vakratA hai / cammaddi (50.19) : isa dezI zabda kA prayoga kathAkAra ne 'cakamA' ke artha meM kiyA hai| mUlapATha hai : 'dhaNasirIte cammaddi dAUNa niggato / ' (dhanazrI ko cakamA dekara nikala gayA / ) cAuraMtaga (132.18) : cAturantaka (saM.), lagnamaNDapa / isase caukora maNDapa kI ora saMketa hotA hai| cikkhalla (32.21) : kIcar3a, kaado| yaha dezI zabda hai / budhasvAmI ne bhI 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM kIcar3a ke artha meM 'cikkhalla' kA prayoga kiyA hai / ('kadalIphalacikkhallapraskhalaccaraNaH kvacit : 18.345 / ) cIrikAmuMDA (96.3 ) : cIrikAmuNDA (saM.), 'cIrikA' kA artha phatiMgA hai| pUrI taraha se nahIM mUr3e hue yA jahA~-tahA~ mUr3akara chor3e hue mAthe ko kathAkAra ne 'cIrikAmuNDa' (saM.) kahA hai| 'cIrikAmuMDA' bahuvacanAnta prayoga hai| yoM bhI, kaiMcI se kapace hue mAthe ko dekhane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mAthe para phatiMge A baiThe hoM / cokkhIkareha (69.19) : cokSIkuruSva (saM.), zuddha, nIroga karo / yahA~ kathAkAra ne cokSa (zuddhivAdI) - sampradAya kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai| (vizeSa vivaraNa prastuta zodha-grantha ke sAMskRtika jIvana- prakaraNa ke dharma-sampradAya - prasaMga meM draSTavya / ) [cha] chikkA (178.30) : spRSTA (saM.), sparza kI gaI / 'dezInAmamAlA' (3.36) ke anusAra chU ke artha meM prayukta yaha dezI kriyAzabda hai / chiNNakaDaga (248.26) : chinnakaTaka (saM.); pahAr3a kI khar3I DhalAI; zRMgahIna parvatapITha; adhityakA / [ja] jati (141.30) : yadi (saM.), agara ('da' kI jagaha 'ta) /

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katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda jamagapavvaya (171.12) : yamakaparvata (saM.); mUlapATha: 'jamagapavvayasaMsiyA iva layA suheNa vaDDayA' = yamaka koI parvata- vizeSa hai, jisapara latAe~ usI prakAra sukhapUrvaka, nirbAdha bhAva se pallavita hotI haiM, jisa prakAra alAna kA Azraya pAkara ve bar3hatI haiN| jANua (176.16) : jJAtA (saM.); jAnakAra; jAnanevAlA / jIvA (169.1) : jyA (saM.), dhanuSa kI DorI; pratyaMcA / 583 [Tha, Da Na] ThiyapaDiyAnimittaM (140.27) : 'sthitipatitAnimittaM' (saM.); putrajanma yA putravivAha - sambandhI utsava- vizeSa ('sthitipatitA') ke nimitta / Dakka (245.5): [ dezI ]; daSTa (saM.), Da~sa liyA, Da~sA huaa| Da~sane yA DaMka mArane kI anudhvani ke AdhAra para dezI kriyA 'Dakko' kA nirmANa huA hai / harikA yA DahariyA (11.7) : choTI; janma se aTThAraha varSa taka kI lar3akI (dezI zabda) / DiMDI (51.11) : yaha dezI zabda hai / saM. 'daNDin ' se isakI utpatti sambhava hai| daNDI, arthAt daNDAdhikArI / DaoN. motIcandra ne 'DiNDI' kA artha chailA kiyA hai / dra. 'caturbhANI' ('zRMgArahATa') kI bhUmikA / budhasvAmI ne 'bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha' meM DIMga hA~kanevAle vicitra zastradhArI ArakSI sainika ke artha meM 'DiNDika' kA prayoga kiyA hai (dra. 18.202, 208) / Nabhoga (344.15) : nabhoga (saM.), nabhogAmI; divya / mUlapATha : 'Nabhoga- paribhoga' divya paribhoga / NieMti (182.12) : nirgacchanti (saM.); bAhara nikala jAte haiM / NikAiya (248.21) : nikAcita (saM.); karmabandha - vizeSa se Abaddha | NitiyaM (178.27) : nizcitaM yA nityaM (saM.); nizcita; nitya / Negama ( 116.24) : naigama (saM.), vaNik, vyApArI; nagaraseTha; nagarapAla (nagara-nigama ke adhykss)| isakA anya artha hai : veda se sambaddha yA veda meM prApya / = NivvahaNa (94.18) : nirvahaNa (saM.), vivAha ke artha meM prayukta dezI shbd| vivAha ('NivvahaNa ') meM dAmpatya-jIvana ke nirvAha kA artha nihita hai / hAviyA (96.1) : snApitA: (saM.); yahA~ kathAkAra ne 'NhAviya' kA prayoga 'nApita' ke artha meM kiyA hai / yadyapi anyatra 'snApita' (snAna kiye hue) ke artha meM bhI yaha prayukta huA hai / . [] tittha (334.4) : tIrtha (saM.), yAtrAsthAna, par3Ava, pracalita artha dharmakSetra yA devAyatana /

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584 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bahatkathA tIta (38.20) : atIta (saM.); bItA huA; vigata / vikalpa se 'a' kA lopa hone se 'tI bana gayA hai| [tha da] thevaM (256.26) : stokaM (saM.) thor3A; bindumAtra; alpamAtra / pAli meM theva' ko 'bindu' kahA gayA hai| daliya (189.26) : dalita (saM.); 'daliya' ke vikasita, khaNDita vidArita Adi kaI artha haiN| 'dezInAmamAlA' (5.52) ke anusAra 'daliya' kA artha 'nikUNitAkSa' (Ter3hI, yA aiMcI najaravAlA), u~galI aura kASTha hai| kintu saMghadAsagaNI ne durgati yA duHkhapUrNa sthiti kI pratIkSA ke artha meM isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| mUlapATha hai : 'narayagamaNaheDaM tesi ciMteMto uvekkhati daliyaM vimggmaanno|' (naraka-gamana ke kAraNa ko socatA aura unakI duHkhapUrNa sthiti kI pratIkSA karatA huaa|). dasiNA (155.21) : [dezI); sUta yA Una kA patalA mulAyama dhaagaa| dAiya (38.12) : darzita (saM.), dikhlaayaa| duguNatarAgaM (56.11) : dviguNatvarAkaM (saM.); jisakI tvarA (phuratI) dviguNa (dugunI) ho gaI ho| duppaDatappaNA (38.19) : duSSatitarpaNA (saM.); mUlapATha 'duppaDatappaNA bohI' kA tAtparya bodhi (jJAna) kI durlabhatA se hai| 'duppaDatappaNA' kA artha durlabha yA durgAhya sambhava hai| duvaggA (103.31) : dvikA: (saM.), donoN| devapAogaM (142.24) devaprAyogyaM (saM.), devocita / devovayaNa (142.24) : devApapatana yA devotpatana (saM.); devatA kA AkAza se nIce utrnaa| desika (122.3) : dezika (saM.); pathika; musAphira; proSita; prvaasii| desUNa (257.21) : dezona yA ISadUna (saM.), kucha kama; kama aNshvaalaa| nAliyAgalaehiM (101.10) : nAlikAgalakaiH (saM.); viziSTa nATya-vidhi / (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie prastuta zodha-grantha kA lalitakalA-prakaraNa draSTavya / ) niaDu (42.26) ni +aDDu = niHzeSa yA nizcita rUpa se (ni) bAdhaka [aDDa-dezI] / aDDu = Ar3e AnevAlA; bAdhA phuNcaanevaalaa| niggao mi pecchAghara (180.13) : "nirgato'haM prekSAgRhAt' (saM.), maiM prekSAgRha 'nATyazAlA' se niklaa| kathAkAra kA paMcamI (apAdAna) kI jagaha karmakAraka kA prayoga vaicitrya drssttvy|

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katipaya viziSTaM vivecanIya zabda, 585 niddhamaNa (9.4) : [dezI] khAla; morI; nAlI; pAnI jAne kA raastaa| niyattaNa (30.25) nivartana (saM.); kheta yA bhUmi kI nApa / niyayamehuNayA (27.15) : nijakamaithunikA (saM.), yoM, prAkRta meM pracalita 'niyaya' aura 'mehuNayA' ('mehuNiyA') * dezI zabda haiN| 'niyaya' kA artha maithuna hai aura mehuNiyA kA artha hai mAmA kI lar3akI / 'apane mAtRgotra kI' aisA artha bhI isase dhvanita hotA hai| nivvusaNalattao (32.1.0) niryuSaNAlaktaka: (saM.); sUkhA (nicor3A huA) alatA yA mhaavr| nivvodaeNaM (42.4) : nivva-Nivva dezI] = vyAja (bahAnA) yA abhiprAya ke udaya se / (agaDadatta ke mana meM apanI cahetI zyAmadattA ko sAtha le jAne kA vyAja (abhiprAya) utpanna ho AyA thA : 'hiyae nivvodennN'|) nisIhiyA (24.18) : nizIthikA yA naiSedhikI (saM.), svAdhyAya-bhUmi; tapa ke uddezya se thor3e samaya ke lie svIkRta sthAna; pApakriyA kA tyAga; tapa ke atirikta vyApAra kA niSedhaka aacaar| nihuo (120.12) : nibhRtaH (saM.), gupta; pracchanna / [pa] paMcamadhAra (67.16) : ghor3e kI vizeSa gati; ghor3e kI viziSTa caal| paMDaga (39.28) : paNDaka (saM.), napuMsaka; hijdd'aa| pauppaya : paoppaya (301.15) : prapautrika (saM.), vaMza-paramparA / isakA eka saMskRta-rUpa 'padotpada' bhI ho sakatA hai, jisakA artha hogA : krama-krama se / pAli meM isakA arthApakRSTa rUpa 'paTuppada' hogA, jisakA artha hogA : ghaTane ke krama se| pakaDio (105.7) : prakathita: (saM.), [pra + kaz +kta 'kaz' shbde]| [pra + katy + kta ] pakatthio = kahA; praMzasA kii| pakkhe va (146.4) : prakSepa (saM.), puuNjii| paccato (154.13) : pratyaya: (saM.), vizvasta samAcAra; jJeya viSaya / paccala (207.28) : [dezI] samartha / 'asahaNasamatyaesaM paccalo pakkaNo cea|' -'dezInAmamAlA' (669) paDatANa (66.29) : [dezI] jIna kasane kI peTI; ghor3e kA plaan| paDinivesa (89.8) : pratiniveza (saM.); durAgraha; abhinivesh| paDivokkhiya (64.12) : pratyupaskRta (saM.), sajAyA gayA; acchI taraha susajjita kiyA gyaa|

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586 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA paDisara (64.11) : pratisara yA parisara (saM.), gherA, kanAta / [ a~garejI : 'kaimpasa' ] / pasihatyelliya (45.13) : yaha dezI zabda hai| isakA artha hai : pUrNa; bharA huA; joroM kI AvAja se bharA huA / mUla prayoga : 'paDihatthelliyaravummIsaM ; joroM kI AvAja ke sAtha; bhayaMkara svara - mizrita / paNAmia (32.10) : (saM.), arpita ke artha meM; samarpita; dene ke lie surakSita / pattA (99.7) : kathAkAra dvArA prayukta yaha zabda ( pUrvakAlika kriyA) aspaSTArtha hai / ise yadi 'paNita' se niSpanna mAnA jAya, to 'becakara' aisA artha hogA / mUlapATha hai : 'paNettA pakAsA jAyA / ' 'paNettA' ko yadi 'pranetrAH ' mAnA jAya, to artha hogA : netra ke pratyakSIbhUta; prakaTita / patta (247.29) : patra (saM.); yaha bhI bahvarthaka zabda hai / yahA~ kathAkAra ne jUe ke dA~va ke artha meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai| mUlapATha hai : 'tato te jippamANA biuNatiuNAni pattANi dhareMti / patta- paTTa (146.12) : paTTa (saM.), samudramagna jahAja kA bahatA huA takhtA / patthaDa (223.8) : prastaTa yA prastara (saM.) vimAna (deva - bhavana) ke bIca kA antarAla bhAga (galiyArA) / patthiyA (29.5): [ dezI ] bA~sa kI DaliyA / isI zabda se kadAcit 'patharI' (patthara kA bhAjana-vizeSa : 'pathiyA') kA vikAsa huA hai| patthu (303.22) : yaha zabda bhI apane artha meM kathAkAra ke prayoga - vaicitrya kA hI udAharaNa hai / yathAprasaMga 'patyu' zabda mRtyuvAcaka hai, jisameM prasthAna karane, isa duniyA se kUca karane kA bhAva nihita hai / mRtyu ke lie prAkRta meM 'maccu ' rUpa prApta hai, kintu 'patthu' prayoga to vicAraNIya hai / mUlapATha hai : 'sappadaTTu baMbhaNaputtaM pAseNaM baMdhuparivAriyaM patthuparibhUyaM ukkhaviUNaM rAyabhavaNaM pavesei / ' 'vasudevahiNDI' meM yathAsaMketita baMbhaNaputta kI kathA 'mahAbhArata' meM prApya brAhmaNaputra kI kathA ke sAtha hI pAli ke brAhmaNaputtajAtaka se tulanIya hai| padesiNI (184.12) : pradezinI (saM.), tarjanI aMgulI / 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ke anusAra ' par3osina' bhI / pameyaga (44.21) : pramedaka (saM.), atizaya medasvI; sthUla (hAthI kA vizeSaNa) / parattI-tattilla (31.7) : yaha dezI zabda hai / yama dUsare kI cintA ('tattI' : cintita avasthA) se hI tRpta hotA hai : 'picchasu kayaMtassa paratattItattillassa' / (tattilla = tRpti) / cintA ke atirikta isa zabda kA artha hai : prayojana; tatparatA / 'vasudevahiNDI' ke pR. 94, paM. 27 meM 'tattI' zabda tatparatA ke artha meM prayukta hai| isa prakAra, ukta mUla pATha kA artha hogA : 'dUsare ko kaSTa (cintA) meM DAlane ke lie sadA tatpara krUra durbhAgya ( kRtAnta) ko dekho / (tattilla = tatpara / )

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katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda 587 parAbhaggo (98.29-30) : parAbhagna: (saM.); bhAga gayA; parAjita ho gyaa| .. paridhammika (271.7) : pratidhArmika (saM.); viparIta dharmavAlA; prtipkssii| pariyatti (69.10) : pAli meM isa zabda kA artha hai; dharmagranthoM ke adhyayana kI upalabdhi / saMghadAsagaNI ne saMketa kI upalabdhi ke artha meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai| mUlapATha hai : 'paDAgapariyattiparAyaNo' = patAkA ke saMketa kI upalabdhi ke lie tatpara / saM. 'paryApti' ke samAnAntara isa zabda kI vivecanA sambhava hai| parisAviyA (295.13) : parisrAvitA (saM.); yoM, 'parisrAvitA' kA sAmAnya artha hogA : nicor3I gaI; culAI gaI; TapakAI gaI; para kathAkAra ne 'tulA parisAviyA' kA prayoga soddezya kiyA hai| nyAya ke lie tulA prastuta kI gaI hai| 'prAkRtazabdamahArNava' ke anusAra, 'parisAviyA' kA eka bhinna artha bhI nikalatA hai : 'guhya bAta prakaTa kara dI gii| prAcIna nyAyapaddhati meM tulA-parIkSA se chipe hue satya ko prakaTa kiyA jAtA thaa| pavittIteNa (216.7) : pravRttyAgamanena (saM.); samAcAra Ane para; samAcAra milane se| paviddha : pabviddha (277.6) [dezI] prerit| 'paviddhaM periye'|- 'dezInAmamAlA' (6.11) / paviyavva (358.25) : plavitavya (saM.); [plav + tavyat ] tairane yogya yA tairane kA upakaraNa / mUla prayoga 'paviyavvajoggANi' meM 'paviyavva' kI svayaM arthayogyatA ke bAvajUda 'joggANi' jor3akara kathAkAra ne prayoga-vaicitrya pradarzita kiyA hai| paviyAra (97.26) : pravicAra (saM.); kAma-maithuna yA rtikaary| pahagara : pahayara (248.5) : [dezI ] nikara; samUha; yUtha / 'paggejjapahayarA nniyre|' 'dezInAmamAlA' (6.15) / pAuvagamana (170.30) : pAdapopagamana yA prAyopagamana (saM.); anazana-vizeSa dvArA maraNa ko aMgIkRta karanA; anazana dvArA marane kI taiyArI karanA; AmaraNa anazana / ise 'prAyopavezana' bhI kahate haiN| vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsAzrama kA tapovizeSa / pADaya (74.29) : pATaka (saM.), bAr3A; muhllaa| pADha (306.7) : pATa-pATaka (saM.); muhallA; TolA; ttol| pAyakesariyA (19.21) : pAtrakesarikA (saM.), jaina sAdhuoM kA eka upakaraNa; pAtra-pramArjana kA vstr| pAraddha (182.3) : [ dezI ] pIDita / 'dezInAmamAlA' meM pUrvakRta karma kA pariNAma, AkheTaka (zikArI) aura pIDita ke artha meM isa zabda kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai : 'puvakayakammapariNaiAheDayapIDiesu pAraddhaM' (6.77) / mUlapATha hai : 'tato jehiM gAo paarddhaao|' taba unhoMne (daNDadhArI gopoM ne) gAyoM ko pIDita kiyA (pITa karake bhagA diyaa)|

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588 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA pArAsa (209.8) : prAtarAza (saM.), subaha kA jalapAna; pAtheya; bttklevaa| 'pArAsa' meM madhyavarttI 'ta' kA lopa ho gayA hai| piMDolaga (114.30) : piNDAvalagaka (saM.); bhikSA se nirvAha karanevAlA; bhikSu / piNDa = bhikSA / pIlaNavArarahiya (340.15 ) : pIDanavArarahita (saM.); kathAkAra dvArA yaha zabda RSabhasvAmI ke netra-kamala ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai / mUlapATha hai : 'acchikmlmaalaapiilnnvaarrhiy..|' isase nirnimeSa dRSTi kA bhAva- bimba ubharatA hai| kyoMki, 'pIlaNa' aura 'vAra' donoM kramazaH pIDana aura nivAraNavAcI zabda haiN| 'pIlaNavAra-rahiya = A~kha meM pIDA aura rukAvaTa utpanna karanevAle, arthAt nimeSapAta se rahita / pIhai : pIhaga (152.14) : pIThaka (saM.); navajAta zizu ko pilAI jAnevAlI ghU~TI; ghuTTI / puDhavikajja (258.24) : pRthivIkAya- kArya (saM.), pRthivI tattvamUlaka padArtha / peraMta : pajjaMta (67.18) : paryanta (saM.); bAhya paridhi; taka / poemi (81.20) : pAtayAmi (saM.); mAra girAtA huuN| 'prota' (prA. pota) -- pirone ke artha meM bhI 'poemi' sambhava hai / kintu, prasaMgAnusAra 'pAtayAmi' hI saMgata hai / mUlapATha : 'ahaM evaM kAgabalaM poemi / ' poTTa (60.8 ) : [ dezI ] peTa yA kukSi / mUlapATha : 'vasudattAe poTTe vedaNA jAyA = (garbhavatI ) vasudattA ke peTa yA kokha meM per3A hone lagI / potsaveMTaliya (55. 9-10 ) [ dezI ] kapar3e kA gola kiyA huA rUpa; kapar3e kI gaTharI yA poTI / = kapar3A; veMTaliya = poTalI / . potyAhakA diyA (191.21 ) : protsAhakA dvijAH (saM.); protsAhita yA prerita karanevAle brAhmaNa / ke prathamA porAgamaso (352.4) : paurAgamA: (saM.), rasoiye / akArAnta 'paurAgama' zabda bahuvacana meM prayukta vyaMjanAnta (sakArAnta) 'porAgamaso' rUpa se kathAkAra kA prayoga - vaiziSTya ke prati Agraha vyakta hotA hai / [pha ] pharusasAlA (309.1) : paruSazAlA (saM.), kumbhakAra kA gRha; kumbhakAra-gRha / kumbhakAravAcI 'pharusa' dezI zabda hai / 1 phariseUNa (107.11) : DA~Takara yA niSThara vacana bolakara / pharusa (saM. paruSa) = kuvacana, niSThura vAkya / 'pharusa' se niSpanna asamApikA kriyA / phAliya (37.11): phAlika [ dezI ] deza-vizeSa meM bananevAlA vastra-vizeSa | phAsua (25.2) : prA(zu) suka (saM.), acetana; acitta; jIvarahita padArtha |

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katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda phiDiya (221.27) : sphiTita (saM.), mukta; ullaMghita; bhagna / pheDeDaM (89.10) : spheTituM (saM.), skhalita karane ke lie; vicalita karane ke lie; naSTa karane ke lie / baMdhAmahe (330.19) : yaha 'bandh' dhAtu kA, AtmanepadI meM, uttamapuruSa (hindI kA prathama puruSa evaM a~garejI kA 'pharsTa parasana') ke bahuvacana kA rUpa hai, jise kathAkAra ne avikala bhAva se prAkRta meM AtmasAt kiyA hai / bAhirabhAvo (115.6-7): isa zabda ko kathAkAra ne pAli se AyAtita kiyA hai; kyoMki prAkRta meM 'bAhira' kA bahis (bAhara) ke alAvA aura koI viziSTa artha koza meM ullikhita nahIM milatA / pAli ke anusAra 'bAhiraka' kA artha 'dUsare mata se' koza- saMgata hai| mUlakathA ke prasaMgAnusAra 'bAhira bhAvo' kA artha hogA : mana meM kisI prakAra kA anyathAbhAva mata lAo yA, dUsare mata kA mata bano / sAmAnya artha 'ghara se kahIM bAhara cale jAne kI bhAvanAvAlA' bhI asaMgata nahIM hai / mAmA kI lar3akiyoM dvArA tiraskRta nandisena (pUrvabhava ke vasudeva) aura usake mAmA kI ukti-pratyukti ke prasaMga meM, mAmA ke mukha se kathAkAra ne yaha zabda kahalavAyA hai / mUlapATha hai : 'mA bAhirabhAvo hohi ' = mana meM anyathAbhAva mata lAo yA mana meM ghara se bAhara jAne kI bhAvanA mata Ane do / bitijjiyaM (120.25): dvitIyaM dvitIyAM (saM.); dUsarA : dUsarI ko / 'bitiyaM' ke sthAna para 'yaM' ke pUrva 'ijja' kriyAtipatti ke sAtha 'bitijjiyaM' kA prayoga-vaicitrya vicAraNIya hai / 589 biboyaNa: [ dezI] takiyA; updhaan| isakI saMskRta - chAyA yadi 'bibbokana' : 'bibboka' mAnA jAya, to artha hogA : kAmaceSTA; zRMgAraceSTA / buhAhaMkArA (111.4) : bRhadahaMkArA: (saM.), atizaya garvoddIpta / boMdiya: boMdi (323.9) : [ dezI ] zarIra; deha / [bha] bhavanakoDaga (221.25) : bhavanakoTaka (saM.), bhavana kA kakSa; ghara kI koTharI / bhAubhaMDa (125.30) : bhrAtRbhaNDa (saM.), bhAI ke sAtha bahana kA yuddha / bhaMDa : bhaMDaNa kalaha; gAlI-galauja; krodhapUrNa noMka-jhoMka yuddha / bhAraggaso (368.30) : bhArAgrazaH (saM.), parimANa-vizeSa; mUlapATha : 'diNNaM ca bhAraggaso suvaNNaM / ' bhiDiya (337.5 ) : [ dezI ] bhir3anevAlA; bhir3anta karanevAlA; bAjapakSI / = bhAra-kA- bhAra (padArtha) /

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vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA bhinna (32013) : bhIMgA huaa| bhIMgane ke artha meM dezI 'bhinna' zabda kA prayoga apanI viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai| bhukkhaMDiya (155.19) : bhurukuMDiya ('dezInAmamAlA' : 6.106); uddhUlita; bhasmAMcita / mUlapATha : cuNNabhukkhaMDiyabAhu-sIse = bhujAoM aura mAthe meM cUne kI bukanI lagAye hue| bheDahatthI (28.29) : 'bheDa' dezI zabda hai, jisakA artha hai : bhIru; Darapoka; kaayr| bheDahatthI = Darapoka haathii| bhelaviya (6.10) : bhela (mahArASTrI > marAThI); bhelita (saM.); mizrita; yukta (bhayabhelaviya = bhyyukt)| (bambaI meM cATa kI dukAna meM prApya cATa kI mizrita sAmagrI 'bhelapUrI' prasiddha hai|) maMgula (122.27) : [dezI ] aniSTa / 'maMgulaM aniSTaM pApaM ca' / 'dezInAmamAlA' (6.145) maMDalagga (123.8) : maNDalAya (saM.); talavAra kI noNk| maMDukkI (138.19) : jholii| yaha dezI zabda hai| prasaMgAnusAra, isakA artha jholI yA thailI udbhAvita hotA hai| mUlapATha : "vijjAharANaM kila cammarayaNamaMDukkIsu osahIo cattAri attANaM rkkhiddN'| [vidyAdharoM ke carmarala-nirmita thailI (jholI) meM AtmarakSA ke nimitta cAra oSadhiyA~ rahatI haiN|] marAlagoNa (221.22) : [dezI] AlasI yA susta baila / vizeSa dra. 'dezInAmamAlA' (6.112 tathA 2.104) / mallaga (147.2) : [dezI ] maliyA pyaalaa| 'mallayamapUvabhee sarAvakosuMbhacasa es|'- 'dezInAmamAlA' (6.145) mahurasaMdAiUNaM (67.16) : sandAnita (saM.), niyntrit| dhIre-dhIre niyantrita bhAva se daur3Akara (azvazikSA) / kriyAvizeSaNa-sahita pUrvakAlika kriyA kA yaha prayoga vicitra bhI hai, viziSTa bhii| saMskRta-rUpa hogA : 'madhuraM sndaanyitvaa|' miMDha (285:19) : mer3ha (saM.), meSa; liNg| mUNa (215.2) : mauna (saM.) mauna; cupa / mauna kA 'mUNa' ke rUpa meM prayoga paizAcI pravRtti kA dyotaka hai| rasaggala (258.27) : rasAI (saM.), rasa se gIlA; rasolbaNa; rasadAra / rAula (39.6) : rAjakula (saM.), yahA~ isa zabda meM 'ja' kA pUrNa lopa ho gayA hai aura 'ku' kA udvRtta svara 'u' raha gayA hai| rAula < raajkul|

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katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda baiMgana / rivAiMgaNI (111.3) : [ dezI ] kaTareMganI / vAiMgaNI ribhitavANI (77.24) : svara ke gholana se yukta vANI; gU~janevAlI vANI; RSabhasvara - yukta vANI / ('ribhita' zabda prAkRta kA prayoga-vaicitrya hI hai / ) ruiyANi (106.7) : rucitAni (saM.), pIsakara milAne yA mizraNa karane ke artha meM prayukta / ('ric' viyojana-samparcanayo: ) / samparcana mizraNa / dezI prAkRta meM 'ric' kA 'ruc' Adeza / rUvAvekkhA (307.26): rUpApekSA (saM.), rUpa kI apekSA (paravAha) karanevAlI (strI), rUpagarvitA / lecchArattA (296.21) : kriyA) = = [la ] layA (75.14) : latA (saM.), yaSTi; char3I / char3I yA yaSTi ke lacIlepana kI bhAvakalpanA ke AdhAra para hI kathAkAra ne 'latA' kA prayoga kiyA hai| lacIlepana ke kAraNa hI sundarI ke zarIra ko 'dehayaSTi' yA 'aMgalatA' kahA gayA hai| 591 [ dezI ] lepakara; lokaprayoga -- lesaadd'kr| ( pUrvakAlika leNa (309:2) : layana (saM.); guphA, girivarttI pASANagRha; bila; jantugRha / guphA meM lIna hone kI bhAvakalpanA ko AdhAra banAkara hI guphA ke artha meM 'leNa' kA prayoga huA hai| lesiya (95.29)' : lesane, lepane ke artha meM prayukta dezI zabda / 'lesiya' kA hI saMskRta-rUpa 'lezyA' hai| isI se hindI meM 'lassA' yA 'laTThA' zabda vikasita huA hai| jainadarzana kI paribhASA ke anusAra, jo karmoM se AtmA ko lipta karatI hai, usako 'lezyA' kahate haiM / logakkhADaga (223.8) : lokAkSavATaka (saM.); riTThavimAna meM sthita devoM kA akhAr3A yA vizeSa baiThakA / (akSavATaka akkhADaga > akhAr3A / ) lobhaghatya (303.5) : lobhagrasta (saM.); lobhI; lobha se grasta / lhasiu (287.25) : sraMsitvA (saM.), khisakakara, sarakakara, girakara / ( lhas-- sraMs / ) = [va] vaMcaNa (76.8) : vaJcana (saM.), bitAnAM / 'vaJc' gamane se niSpanna / mUlapATha : 'divasAvasesavaMcaNanimittaM' dina kA zeSa bhAga bitAne ke nimitta / vaMsIkuDaMga (67.21) : [ dezI ] kuTaGka - vaMzakuTaGka (saM.) saMskRta meM 'kuGka' kA artha chata yA chappara hai| vaMtavaM (21.20) : vAktapaH (saM.), vAksaMyama-rUpa tapa (vAk > vAG > vaM: 'pAiyasadda - mahaNavo') / bA~sakA biTTA; vaMzagulma /

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592 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vaisAha (69.19) : vaizAkha (saM.), talavAra kI (vizAkhA nakSatra ke AkAra kI bhA~ti) muutth| vagahrada (215.29) : vakahada (saM.); hRdavizeSa, jahA~ zalyakriyA se utpanna ghAva bharanevAlI saMrohiNI oSadhi pAI jAtI hai| kathAkAra ne kaI adbhuta hRdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM 'vakahada' kA bhI ullekhanIya mahattva hai| ktavyaya (90.4) : vartavyaka (saM.), prasaMgAnusAra artha' : vaMzavada; adhiin| mUlapATha : vammahakttavvayaM = manmatha (kAmadeva) ke adhiin| anyatra eka sthala para (309.1) kathAkAra ne nindita vacana ke artha meM bhI isakA prayoga kiyA hai| mUlapATha hai : 'pharusasAlAe kttavvayaM bhAsiUNa gato purispurN|' vatthaM NiyatthA (37.12) : vastra pahane huI / paridhAna ke artha meM 'NiyatthA' dezI zabda hai| vadaNavArI (365.19) : yaha zabda bhI kathAkAra ke prayoga-vaicitrya kA udAharaNa hai| 'vadaNa' ko yadi 'vayaNa' yA 'vayaNijja' ke samAnAntara mAneM, to isakA artha hogA : lokApavAda yA nindaa| 'vArI' kA artha rokanevAlA spaSTa hai| prasaMgAnusAra : vasudeva nahIM cAhate the ki vaha apane jyeSTha bhAI samudravijaya se ldd'eN| isalie, bhAI-bhAI meM yuddha ke lokApavAda ko rokane ke lie unhoMne apane nAma se aMkita bANa samudravijaya ke pAdamUla meM nikSipta kiyA thaa| isa prakAra, 'sara' kA vizeSaNa 'vadaNavArI' kA artha hogA : (bhrAtRyuddha ke) lokApavAda ko roknevaalaa| vayakara (151.28) : vyatikara (saM.); saMyujana; paraspara milana (sambhoga kI icchA se)| varatA (99.6) : varatrA (saM.), rassI; DorI; baratI (lokbhaassaa)| valaMjeti (257.7) : yahA~ 'val' dhAtu se niSpanna kriyA kA prayoga-vaicitrya draSTavya hai| vyApAra ke lie vaNikoM dvArA yAtAyAta karane ke artha meM yaha kriyA prayukta huI hai| saMskRta-rUpa 'valanti' sambhava hai| vallava (355.4) : prasaMgAnusAra, 'vallava' kA trivalI artha sambhAvita hai| pro. sANDesarA ne bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' ke gujarAtI-anuvAda meM anumAna se hI 'vallava' kA trivalI artha kiyA hai| DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne apane a~garejI-anuvAda meM pro. sANDesarA kA hI sAkSya prastuta kiyA hai| budhasvAmI ne bhI 'vallava' zabda kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu vaha rasoiyA kI saMjJA meM rUDha hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kA mUlapATha hai : 'vallavavihattakaMtamajhA' (bhadramitrA kA nkhshikh-vrnnn)| vasiUNa (97.30) : uSitvA (saM.), prasaMgAnusAra artha : kAmakrIDA karake; sahavAsa krke| vAo aggiya (251.16) : vAtodanita (saM.); vAyu se utkampita yA Upara uThA huaa| vAtiga (201.25) : vAcika (saM.); vidvAn; paThita; vAkzaktisampanna / ('ca' kA 't'|) vAravara (336.7) : bArambAra (saM.); bAra-bAra / ('barAbara' artha bhI sambhava hai|)

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katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda vAla (44.21) : vyAla (saM.), duSTa hAthI / (pAli : pU~cha ke bAla 1). vAsase (30.4) : vAzase (saM.); cIkhate-cillAte ho [vAz zabde ] | amarasiMha ne pakSiyoM yA tiryak jAtiyoM kI AvAja ko 'vAzita' kahA hai : 'tirazcAM vAzitaM rutam ' ( amarakoza : 1.6.25) / 593 vAsI (63.8) : basUlA ( bar3haI kA aujAra) / vAha (2.10) : prAcIna parimANa - vizeSa ATha sau ADhaka kA parimANa / (pAli : gAr3I * kA bhAra / ) viaDa (80.11) : vikaTa (saM.), prakaTa; vivRta; khulA huA / vitta (44.10) : arjita (saM.), upArjita kiyaa| 'viDhatta' kA saMskRta 'rUpa' 'vidhRta' sambhava hai / isI kA tiGanta rUpa 'viDhavei' ('vasudevahiNDI' : 116.27) bhI draSTavya hai / vitaDDi (30.3) : vitarddhi (saM.), vedikA; havanasthAna; cautarA / vitaDDiya (281.10) : vitata (saM.); vistRta; phailA huA / vitta (187.2) : vRtta (saM.), kavitA; padya; chanda / vitthijattA (80.28) : vRttiyAtrA (saM.), vRtti, yAnI saMsiddhi ke lie Ayojita yAtrA / vilaiya (370.11) : vilagita (saM.), (ratha para car3hanA; (dhanuSa para DorI) car3hAnA / vilayA (96.32) : [ dezI ] vanitA / vilio (139.2) : vrIDita: (saM.); yaha dezI zabda hai| isakA artha hai 'lajjita' / 'dezInAmamAlA' meM hemacandra ne lajjArthaka cAra zabdoM meM 'vilaya' ko bhI parigaNita kiyA hai : 'lajjAi viliya-viTThUNa-vedUNA taheva velUNA / ' (7.65) visariyanisita (188.1) : vismRtanizita (saM.); mUlapATha hai : 'ekkapoggalapaiTThiyavisariyanisita vva pasannadiTThI / ' taponirata bAhubalI kA yaha utprekSAmUlaka cAkSuSa bimba hai| bAhubalI apanI dhyAnamagnatA ke kAraNa jaMgama hote hue bhI sthAvara-se lagate haiM ( 'jaMgamapavaro hoiUNa thAvaro si jaao| ') dhyAnAvasthita bAhubalI kI tIkSNa (nizita) dRSTi prasanna hai aura kisI eka vastu (pudgala) para jAkara nizcala ho gaI hai, mAnoM vaha dRSTi sudha-budha bhUla gaI ho ( visariya) / isa sandarbha meM, ekAgra dhyAna meM avasthita mahAyogI kA dhArmika bimba udbhAvita hotA hai / vIsariyANi (179.1): visRtAni (saM.), mUlapATha hai : 'vIsariyANi kavADANi' kivAr3a khula gaye [ vi + sRG gatau ] / vIsuM (273.26) : viSvak (saM.); samantAt; cAroM ora se; saba ora seM / =

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594 . vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vuccho (92.23) : 'bUDho' (vyUDho-saM.) ke artha meM prayukta / mUlapAThaH 'udare vuccho' = peTa (ga) meM dhAraNa kiyA huaa| vuTTe (120.9) : chuTTo [dezI prAkRta ] ; unmukta; bndhnmukt| [viS-viyukta honA ]; viSTa > viTTha > vuTTa (arddhamAgadhI pravRtti--prathamA ekavacana kI vibhakti 'a: * 'kI jagaha 'e')|| vekaDa (106.7) : kathAkAra dvArA lahasuna, pyAja aura hIMga ke sAtha prayukta yaha zabda kisI utkaTa gandhavAle padArtha kI ora saMketa karatA hai| mUlapATha hai : 'palaMDu lasuNa-vekaGa-hiMgUNi chagalamutteNa saha ruciyaanni|' veaDa = vikaTa 1 veNa : vayaNa (180.10) : [dezI] bichAvana; bichaunA; zayyA / veyAlIe (79.6) : velAe (velAyAM--saM.) kA yaha prayoga-vaicitrya pratIta hotA hai| prasaMga ke anusAra, velA (taTa) kA hI artha vyakta hotA hai| mUlapATha : 'dahiNaveyAlIe samuddamajjaNaM sevamANI' = dakSiNa taTa para samudrasnAna kA sevana karatI huii| [sa] saMgAra (54.18) : yaha dezI zabda hai| isakA artha 'saMketa' hai| saMjAvaveDaM (247.1) : saMyamituM (saM.), samajhAne ke lie; saMyata yA niyantrita karane ke lie| saMdhukkima (238.7) : sandhukSita (saM.), sulagAyA; sateja kiyaa| sauvagyAyaM (133.12) : sopodghAtaM (saM. kri. vi.); upodghAta (bhUmikA)-sahita / saejhaya (62.9) : [dezI ] prAtivezika; prAtivezmika; pdd'osii| sakaNNA (362.3) : sakarNA (saM.), vidussii| sakkhaNe ! (369.7) : zlakSNe (saM.); sundari !; lAvaNyavati !; caMcale ! kathAkAra dvArA nirmita yaha sambodhana-zabda saMskRta 'zlakSNa' kA pratirUpa pratIta hotA hai, jisake sundaratAvAcI aneka artha vibhinna kozoM meM nirdiSTa hue haiN| sacchama (67.14) : [dezI ] sadRza ke artha meM prayukta / saM. rUpa 'satsama' yA 'sakSama' sambhava hai| satIta (179.5) : zayita (saM.), soyA huaa| 'ya' kA 't'| yaha bhI prayoga-vaicitrya kA hI nidarzana hai| sadutiu (137.20) : sayuvatIka: yA sadvitIyakaH (saM.); yuvatI-sahita yA dUsarI ke sAtha / samakaDakImANaM kaDillaM (94.26) : mUla grantha ke sampAdakoM ne hI isa prayoga para prazna-cihna lagAyA hai| prasaMgAnusAra artha anumita hai : (ghor3e) ne kamara ko maTakAyA; kamara ko jhaTakA diyA / kaDilla = kaTi, kmer| samaya (121.17) : (saM.) 'zAstra ke artha meM prayukta /

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___ 595 katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda samAhI (140.23) : samAdhi (saM.); mela; banAva; paTarI; smaadhaan| samotthaiya (29.26) : samavasthagita (saM.); samAcchAdita; acchI taraha DhakA huaa| sayaM (258.25) : sakRt (saM.); eka bAra / sayarAhaM (184.3) : [dezI ] eka sAtha; yugapat / 'dezInAmamAlA' (8.11) ke anusAra, 'shiighr'| sarivvayAhiM (143.20) : sadRzavayaskAbhi: (saM.); samAna umravAliyoM dvArA / savvaM samAduvAlI kAUNa (290.24): 'sarva samadvipAlikaM kRtvA' (saM.), prasaMgAnusAra, yaha vAkya, saba prakAra ke bhojana ko sAnakara yA milAkara barAbara karane ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| yahA~ bhI kathAkAra kA prayoga-vaicitrya spaSTa hai| sassa (265.29) : zasya yA prazasya (saM.); zaMsA, zlAghA, prazaMsA / saha (189.6) : [ dezI ] samartha; zaktimAn; kAryakSama / mUla ke prasaMgAnusAra, rogamukta hone ke bAda kAryakSamatA se yukta / 'dezInAmamAlA' (varga 8 : gAthA 1) ke anusAra 'yogy'| sahiNa (134.11) : zlakSNa (saM.); cikanA, masRNa / sAuhassA nirAuhassA (277.5) : sAyudhasya nirAyudhasya (saM.); Ayudhasahita aura Ayudharahita kaa| yahA~ prAkRta meM SaSThI vibhakti ke 'ssa' rUpa ke vikRta prayoga kA vaicitrya ('ssA') draSTavya hai| saoNpacchAiyasarIrA (73.11) : sampracchAditazarIrA' (saM.); DhakI huI dehavAlI / yahA~ anusvAra ('saMpa') kI jagaha arddhacandra-sahita AkAra 'saoNpa' kA prayoga-vaiziSTya dhyAtavya hai| sAmattheuNa (34.20) : paryAlocana ke artha meM yaha dezI zabda hai| saMskRta meM isakA rUpAntara 'samyak arthayitvA' kiyA jA sakatA hai| mUlapATha hai : 'hiyaeNaM saamtyeuunnN|' arthAt, mana meM vicAra kara, soc-smjhkr| sArIhAmi (291.14) : sArayiSyAmi (saM.); chAnabIna karU~gA; anveSaNa kruuNgaa| sAvassayAsaNa (133.8) : sApAzrayAsana (saM.); AdhArayukta Asana / kathAkAra kA saMketa aise Asana kI ora pratIta hotA hai, jisameM uThagane ke lie AdhAra banA ho; masanada Adi se sajjita Asana / siTTha (68.14) : ziSTa (saM.), [zAs + kta ] kathita; zAsita / sirAroha (70.18) : zirorohI (saM.); hAthI ke sira para car3hanevAlA (mhaavt)| sujjhoDiya (32.33) : sujjhoTita (saM.); acchI taraha jhAr3A huaa| suriyatta (55.11) suracita (saM.), mUlapATha : 'surikttaggahatyo' : zobhanAkAra sa~r3avAlA yA sUMr3a ko acchI taraha Upara uThAkara (hAthI kA vizeSaNa) / 'suriyatta' ko 'su'

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596 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA upasargapUrvaka 'rIG gatau' dhAtu se niSpanna mAnA jAya, to artha hogA : sU~r3a ko acchI taraha hilAtA huA ('surIyamANa' - saM.) / sevavaNa (342.5) : zveta-vana (saM.); ujjvala upvn| zveta > seva: 'ta' kA 'va' / sodhaNa (365.30) : zodhana (saM.), zuddhi: Atmazuddhi (vasudeva kI) / prasaMgAnusAra, yahA~ 'Atmaparicaya' artha bhI dhvanita hotA hai / [ha] elliya (56.11) : prAkRta meM 'ella' svArthika pratyaya ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai / 'haelliya' kA saMskRta-rUpa 'hataka' (hata : haya) + illa - illiya) hogA / artha hogA : hatyArA / hare pANA ! (98.27) bhoH prANA (saM.), are cANDAla ! (smbodhn)| prAkRta kA 'hare' sambodhana hI kSetrIya bhASA meM 'he, re' ke rUpa meM vikasita pratIta hotA hai / 'pANa' dezI zabda prAkRta meM cANDAla yA pApI ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| hallAvijjamANo (149.26) : [ dezI] calatA huA; uchalatA huA / huMDa (270.30) : huNDa (saM.), Ter3hA-mer3hA, kubar3A, vikRtAMga / lokabhASA kA 'huDDu' zabda isI se vikasita pratIta hotA hai| houdAro (221.5) : bhavatu udAra: (saM.), udAra hoM; kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne yahA~ eka 'u' kA lopa kara (hou + udAro = houdAro ) sandhi kA vaicitrya pradarzita kiyA hai| yathopasthApita vivecanIya zabdoM kI anukramaNI se spaSTa hai ki kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI bhASA ke vaMzavada nahIM the, apitu bhASA hI unakI vazaMvadA thii| isa mAnI meM vaha sacce artha meM vazyavAk kathAkAra the| vaha prasaMgAnusAra, arthayojanA ke AdhAra para, zabdoM kA prayoga karateM yA gar3hate the / lakSya karane kI bAta hai ki kisI bhI kathAkAra ke kathA-prasaMga ko samajhe vinA usakI padayojanA kA ThIka-ThIka artha nikAlane meM sahaja hI bhrAnti kI guMjAiza ho sakatI hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki mahAn kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI ne bhASA ko apanI arthayojanA ke anukUla vibhinna cAriyoM meM nacAyA hai| isalie, bar3e-bar3e zabdazAstriyoM ke lie bhI 'vasudevahiNDI' kI * kathA ke mUla bhAva taka pahu~cane meM bhASAgata paryApta sArasvata zrama apekSita hai / 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA se usake kathAkAra kI bahuzAstrajJatA pratibhAsita hotI hai / yaha kathAgrantha 'ArSe hi sarve vidhayo vikalpyante jaisI saiddhAntika ukti kA pratyakSa nidarzana hai / abhIpsita bhAva-vyaMjanA ke lie bhASA kA svaicchika prayoga kathAkAra kI apanI viziSTatA hai / isalie, usakI bhASA svayaM vyAkaraNa kA anusaraNa karane kI apekSA vyAkaraNa ko hI svAnuvarttI hone ke lie vivaza karatI hai| isa prakAra, yaha kathAgrantha, paravarttI prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke nirmAtAoM ke lie upajIvya pramANita hotA hai| 'vasudevahiNDI' kI bhASA ko samajhane ke lie saMskRta, prAkRta, pAli aura apabhraMza kI samasta zAkhAoM se paricita honA Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya hai / yahA~

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katipaya viziSTa vivecanIya zabda 597 jo vivaraNamUlaka zabdAnukramaNI upasthita kI gaI hai, usake lie yathAnirdiSTa kozoM kA AdhAra liyA gayA hai : 'pAiyasaddamahaNNavo'; 'jainendrasiddhAntakoza', 'pAli - hindI - koza'; 'saMskRta-hindIkoza''; 'bRhat hindI-koza'; 'dezInAmamAlA'; 'amarakoza' Adi-Adi / ina kozoM ke atirikta, mUla kathAprasaMga ke AdhAra para bhI yathAprayukta zabdoM ke arthatattva taka pahu~cane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / AzA hai, yathAprastuta zabda-vivecana se bhAvI zodhakoM ke lie yatkiMcit dizA-nirdeza avazya upalabdha hogA / kahanA na hogA ki prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya ke zodha - anuzIlana kI dRSTi se 'vasudevahiNDI' kA mahattva nirvivAda hai| isalie, isa mahAn grantha kI 'atthagdha' zabda-mahodadhi meM jo jitanA hI gaharA paiThegA, use utane hI 'mahaggha' artharatna kI prApti hogI / vastutaH 'vasudevahiNDI' prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya ke 'antarviSayI zodha' ke lie yUthabaddha manISiyoM ke prAtibha zrama ko Amantrita karatI hai /

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pariziSTaH2 vasudeva kI aTThAIsa patniyoM kI vivaraNI 1-2.zyAmA aura vijayA : vijayakheTa ke rAjA jitazatru kI putriyA~ (pR.121) / 3. zyAmalI : kinnaragIta nAmaka vidyAdharanagara ke rAjA azanivega kI rAnI suprabhA se utpanna putrI (pR.124)| 4. gandharvadattA : campAnagara ke cArudatta seTha ke ghara meM rahanevAlI, zivamandira nagara ke vidyAdharanareza amitagati kI rAnI vijayasenA kI putrI (pR.153) / 5. nIlayazA : vidyAdharanareza siMhadaMSTra kI rAnI nIlAMjanA kI putrI (pR.180) / 6. somazrI : girikUTa grAma ke grAmanAyaka devadeva kI putrI (pR.182) / 7. mitrazrI : acalagrAma (magadha) ke dhanamitra sArthavAha kI patnI zrI kI putrI (pR.197) / 8. dhanazrI : acalagrAma ke hI soma nAmaka brAhmaNa kI patnI sunandA kI putrI (pR.198)| 9. kapilA : vedazyAmapura nAmaka nagara ke rAjA kapila kI putrI (pR.199) / 10. padmA : zAlaguha sanniveza ke rAjA abhagnasena kI rAnI zrImatI kI AtmajA (pR.201-204)| 11. azvasenA : jayapura ke rAjA meghasena kI rAnI kI putrI (pR.206)| 12. puNDrA : bhadrilapura ke rAjA puNDra kI AtmajA (pR.214) / 13. raktavatI : ilAvarddhana nagara ke sArthavAha manoratha kI patnI padmAvatI kI AtmajA (pR.219)| 14 somazrI : mahApura nagara ke rAjA somadeva kI rAnI somacandrA kI putrI (pR.222)| 15. vegavatI : vidyAdharanagara suvarNAbha ke vidyAdharanareza citravega kI rAnI aMgAramatI (aMgAravatI) kI AtmajA (pR.227) / 16. madanavegA : ariMjayapura nAmaka vidyAdharanagara ke vidyAdharanareza vidyudvega kI rAnI vidyujjihvA kI AtmajA (pR.245) / 17. bAlacandrA : gaganavallabhanagara ke vidyAdharanareza aruNacandra kI rAnI menakA kI AtmajA (pR.262-264)| 18. bandhumatI : zrAvastI ke kAmadeva seTha kI palI bandhuzrI kI putrI (pR.268-279)| 19. priyaMgusundarI : zrAvastI ke hI rAjA eNikaputra kI AtmajA (pR.306) / 20. ketumatI : vasantapura nagara ke rAjA vatsila kI putrI aura rAjA jitazatru kI bahana (pR.348)|

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vasudeva kI aTThAIsa patniyoM kI vivaraNI 599 21. prabhAvatI : puSkalAvatI nagarI ke vidyAdharanareza gandhAra kI rAnI amitaprabhA se utpanna putrI (pR. 351) / 22. bhadramitrA : potanapura nagara ke rAjA vijaya kI rAnI bhadrA kI putrI (pR. 353-355) / 23. satyarakSitA: potanapura nagara ke hI rAjapurohita soma brAhmaNa kI kSatriyA patnI kundalatA kI AtmajA (pR. 353-355) / 24. padmAvatI : kollakira nagara ke rAjA padmaratha kI AtmajA (pR. 356) / 25. padmazrI : kollakira nagara ke hI rAjA amoghaprahArI kI putrI (pR. 359) / 26. lalitazrI : kaMcanapura nagara ke parivrAjaka sumitra kI gaNikA - patnI sumitra zrI kI AtmajA (pR.362) / 27. rohiNI : riTThapura nagara ke rAjA rudhira kI rAnI mitradevI kI AtmajA (pR. 364) / 28. devakI : mRttikAvatI nagarI ke rAjA devaka kI AtmajA (pR.368) / uparyukta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki vasudeva ne vibhinna vaMza, varga aura varNa kI paliyA~ prApta kI thiiN| inameM kucha to vidyAdharI haiM aura kucha mAnavI / mAnavI patniyoM meM bhI rAjakanyAoM ke atirikta do-eka brAhmaNa-putriyA~ tathA eka gaNikA-putrI bhI sammilita hai| isa prakAra, vasudeva ne apanI vibhinna patniyoM ke svIkaraNa dvArA sarvavarNasamanvaya upasthita kiyA hai| brAhmaNI paliyoM meM dhanazrI to vizuddha brAhmaNa-putrI hai, kintu satyarakSitA rAjapurohita soma brAhmaNa kI kSatriyA patnI se utpanna hai| gaNikAe~ bhI kulavadhU ke pada para pratiSThita hotI thiiN| isa prakAra usa purAkAla meM anuloma vivAha ke sAtha hI, antarajAtIya aura pratiloma vivAha, sAtha hI vAravadhU vivAha kI prathA ke pracalita rahane kA spaSTa saMketa milatA hai /

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pariziSTaH 3 dhammilla kI battIsa patniyoM kI vivaraNI 1. yazomatI : kuzAgrapura (rAjagRha) nagara ke sArthavAha dhanavasu kI patnI dhanadattA kI putrI (pR.27)| 2. vimalasenA : campAnagarI ke rAjA jitazatru kI putrI (pR.54)| 3. nAgadattA : campAnagarI ke hI sArthavAha nAgavasu kI palI nAgadinnA (nAgadattA) kI putrI (pR.65)| 4. kapilA : campApurI ke hI rAjA kapila kI putrI (pR.66) / 5. vidyudvatI : vidyAdharanagara zaMkhapura ke nareza puruSAnanda kI rAnI zyAmalatA kI putrI (pR.68)| 6-21.zrIcandA vicakSaNA, zrIsenA, zrI, senA, vijayasenA zrIsomA zrIdevI, sumaMgalA, somamitrA mitravatI yazomatI (yazovatI), gAndhArI zrImatI sumitrA aura mitrsenaa| ye sabhI uparyukta vidyudvatI kI hI bahaneM thIM (pR.68)| 22. padmAvatI : saMvAha nAmaka aTavikarbaTa ke rAjA sudatta kI rAnI vasumatI kI AtmajA (pR.69)| 23-30. devakI, dhanazrI kumudA kumudAnandA kamalazrI, padmazrI, vimalA vsumtii| ye sabhI . indradama sArthavAha ke putra sAgaradatta kI putriyA~ thIM (pR.70)| 31. meghamAlA : azokapura ke vidyAdharanareza meghasena kI rAnI zaziprabhA kI putrI (pR.73)| 32. vasantatilakA : kuzAgrapura (rAjagRha) nagara kI gaNikA vasantasenA kI putrI (pR.28)| 'dhammillahiNDI' 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAvataraNa-bhUmi hai / yAyAvara vIra yoddhA dhammilla ke adbhuta caritra ke upanyAsa dvArA kathAkAra ne mAnoM vasudeva jaise dhIra, vIra, jJAnI aura pratApI caritra nAyaka kI AtmakathA se saMvalita 'vasudevahiNDI' kI kathAbhUmi meM praveza karane ke nimitta pAThakoM ke lie anurUpa vAtAvaraNa aura tadanukUla manovijJAna kI sRSTi kI hai| isa prakAra, kathAtmaka pRSThabhUmi ke samIkaraNa kI dRSTi se 'dhammillahiNDI' kI sArthaka viniyukti ke bAvajUda isa kathA-prakaraNa kA apanA svatantra astitva hai|

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pariziSTaH 4 'vasudevahiNDI ke viziSTa cArcika sthala 1. aNuvrata ke guNa-doSa (pR.294) / 2. atharvaveda kI utpatti (pR.151)| 3. anAryaveda kI utpatti (pR.185) / 4. aSTApadatIrtha kI utpatti (pR.301)| 5. Aryaveda kI utpatti (pR.183)| 6. koTizilA kI utpatti (pR.348)| 7. gaNikA kI utpatti (pR.103)| 8. gIta, nRtya, AbhUSaNa, kAma Adi kI duHkhAvahatA (pR.166)| 9. dikkumAriyoM dvArA Ayojita RSabhasvAmI-janmotsava (pR.159)| 10. dhanurveda kI utpatti (pR.202) / 11. naraka kA svarUpa (pR.270)| 12. paraloka ke astitva kI siddhi (pR.115)| 13. pippalAda kI utpatti (pR.151)| 14. puruSoM ke bheda (pR.101)| 15. prakRti-puruSa vicAra (pR.360)| 16. mahAvatoM ke svarUpa (pR.267)| 17. mAMsabhakSaNa meM guNa-doSa kI carcA (pR.259)| 18. mAhaNoM (brAhmaNoM) kI utpatti (pR.183)| 19. vanaspati meM jIvasiddhi (pR.267) / 20.viSNugIta kI utpatti (pR.128)| 21.siddhagaNDikA (pR.301)| 22. harivaMza kI utpatti (pR.353)| 'vasudevahiNDI' ke uparyukta sabhI sthala kathAkAra saMghadAsagaNI kI maulika cintana-pratibhA, bahuzrutatA aura svIkRta pratijJA ke pallavana kI prauDhatA ke sAtha hI unakI kathAsRSTi kI vismayakArI nipuNatA ke anyatradurlabha racanA-prakalpa haiN|

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sandarbha-granthAnukramaNI vaidika grantha atharvasaMhitA: caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii| AgnivezyagRhyasUtra : caukhambhA saMskRta-bhavana, vArANasI, san 1991 I. / ApastambagRhyasUtra : caukhambhA saMskRta-bhavana, vArANasI, san 1991 I. / IzopaniSad : IzAvAsyopaniSad : gItA presa, gorakhapura / RksaMhitA (Rgveda) : caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii| kaThopaniSad : gItA presa, gorakhapura / gRhyamantra aura unakA viniyoga : DaoN. zrIkRSNa lAla, pra. nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, pra. saM, san . 1970 ii.| taittirIyabrAhmaNa : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| taittirIyopaniSad : gItA presa, gorakhapura / pAraskaragRhyasUtra: caukhambhA saMskRta-bhavana, vArANasI, san 1994 ii.| . praznopaniSad: gItA presa, gorakhapura / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad : gItA presa, gorakhapura / mAnavagRhyasUtra : vaaraannsii| muNDakopaniSad : gItA presa, gorakhapura / yajurvedaH caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii| vArAhagRhyasUtra : vaaraannsii| vAsiSThI havanapaddhati : caukhambA-saMskRta sIrIja, vaaraannsii| zatapathabrAhmaNa : motIlAla, banArasIdAsa, dillii| zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra : caukhambhA saMskRta-bhavana, vaaraannsii| zAMkhAyana zrautasUtra : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| zvetAzvataropaniSad : gItA presa, gorakhapura / smRti-grantha manusmRti : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1983 I. / yAjJavalkyasmRti : caukhambhA saMskRta-bhavana, vaaraannsii| purANa-grantha : itihAsa agnipurANa: caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii| garuDapurANa : nAga pablizarsa, dillii|

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sandarbha-granthAnukramaNI devIbhAgavatapurANa : caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI / durgAsaptazatI: gItA presa, gorakhapura / bhAgavatapurANa : gItA presa, gorakhapura / matsyapurANa: hindI - sAhitya-sammelana, prayAga (ilAhAbAda) / mahAbhArata: gItA presa, gorakhapura / mArkaNDeyapurANa : caukhambA saMskRta-pustakAlaya, vArANasI / rAmAyaNa (vAlmIkirAmAyaNa) : gItA presa, gorakhapura / liMgapurANa : vArANasI / vAmanapurANa: prayAga / vAyupurANa : hindI - sAhitya-sammelana, prayAga (ilAhAbAda ) / vArAhapurANa: prayAga / viSNupurANa: zrIjIvAnanda vidyAsAgara bhaTTAcArya, sarasvatI presa, kalakattA / zrImadbhagavadgItA : gItA presa, gorakhapura / Ayurveda-grantha aSTAMgahRdaya (vAgbhaTasaMhitA) : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / carakasaMhitA : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / bhAvaprakAza : bhAvamizra : caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI / mAdhavanidAna : mAdhavAcArya, saMskRta pustakAlaya, kacaur3IgalI, banArasa siTI, vi. saM. 1995 I. / rasaratnasamuccaya: AcArya vAgbhaTa (suranojjvalA TIkA), motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / suzrutasaMhitA : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / dhanurveda dhanurvidyA : paM. dezabandhu vidyAlaMkAra : pra. gurukula AryolA, barelI / jyotiSa grantha 603 bhAratIya jyotiSa : DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI : pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1952 I. / bhAratIya jyotiSa : mUlaH sva. zaMkara bAlakRSNa dIkSita, anu. zrIzivanAtha jhArakhaNDI, pra. prakAzana byUro, sUcanA-vibhAga, lakhanaU (hindI- samiti, lakhanaU) / muhUrtacintAmaNi : rAma daivajJa: motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / bRhatsaMhitA : caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vArANasI / vAstuzAstra paurANika vAstuzAntiprayoga : anUddhRta / samarAMgaNasUtradhAra : bhojadeva, caukhambhA saMskRta- bhavana, vArANasI /

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604 - vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA '.. tantrazAstra tAntrika vAGmaya meM zaktidRSTiH ma. ma. paM. gopInAtha kavirAja, pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA, dvi. saM., san 1978 I. / pustharyArNava : mahArAjA pratApa siMha caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii| bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA (2 bhAga) : ma. ma. paM. gopInAtha kavirAja pra. bihAra rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA, pra. saM., san 1964 ii.| .. bhAratIya pratIka-vidyA : DaoN. janArdana mizra pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA pariSad, pttnaa| . . 'rAjanItizAstra arthazAstra : kauTilyaH motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| rAjanIti aura darzana: DaoN. vizvanAthaprasAda varmA, pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA, pra. saM, san 1956 ii.| sAhitya, saMgIta, saMskRti aura kalAzAstra abhijJAnazAkuntala : kAlidAsa : motIlAla, banArasIdAsa, dillI / abhinavabhAratI : AcArya vizvezvara (saM. DaoN. nagendra) : jJAnamaNDala, vaaraannsii| udAtta : siddhAnta aura zilpana : pro. jagadIza pANDeya, arcanA prakAzana, ArA (bihAra) / aucityavicAracarcA : kSemendra : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| kathAsaritsAgara (bhAga 1) : hindI-anuvAda-sahita : anu. paM. kedAranAtha zarmA sArasvata, pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, pttnaa| kannaDa-sAhitya kA itihAsa : Ara. narasI vAMcA velluur| karpUramaMjarI: rAjazekhara : caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1970 ii.| . kalAvilAsa : kSemendraH caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii| kalA-vivecana : DaoN. kumAra vimala : pra. bhAratI bhavana, ekjibIzana roDa, paTanA, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1968 I. / kAmasUtra : vAtsyAyana : caukhambhA saMskRta-bhavana, vaaraannsii| kAvya meM udAtta tattva : DaoN. ngendr| . kAvyaracanA-prakriyA : saM. DaoN. kumAra vimala, pra. bihAra-hindI-grantha akAdamI, pttnaa| kAvyamImAMsA : rAjazekharaH bihAra-rASTrabhASA pariSad, pttnaa| kAvyAdarza : daNDI : caukhambhA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii| kAvyAnuzAsana : hemacandraH nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA, kaashii| kAvyAlaMkAra : bhAmaha : bhASyakAra : AcArya devendranAtha zarmA, bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, pttnaa| kAvyAlaMkAra : rudraTa : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| kAvyAlaMkArasUtravRtti : namisAdhu : caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii|

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sandarbha-granthAnukramaNI 1 kirAtArjunIya : bhAravi : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / kuTTinImataM kAvyam: anu. jagannAtha pAThaka : mitra prakAzana, ilAhAbAda / kumArasambhava: kAlidAsa : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / caturbhANI (zRMgArahATa ) : saM. DaoN. motIcandra evaM DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / jenarala enthropolaoNjI : phrAMja boAja / DArka kAsieTa : dhanapAla / dazarUpaka : dhanaMjaya (dhanika-vRttisahita) : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / di AuTalAina Ava mAitholaoNjI : levisa spensa / dhruvapada aura usakA vikAsa : AcArya kailAzacandradeva bRhaspati, pra. bihAra- rASTra bhASA-pariSad, paTanA / dhvanyAloka : Anandavarddhana: motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / dhvanyAlokalocana : abhinavagupta: caukhambA, vidyA-bhavana, vArANasI / sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI / nATyazAstra : AcArya bharata : bRhatkathAmaMjarI : kSemendra / bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha : budhasvAmI, (DaoN. lAkota dvArA sampAdita perisa-saMskaraNa) / 605 bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha : DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla- sampAdita saMskaraNa, pRthvI prakAzana, vArANasI / bhAratIya vAGmaya meM zrIrAdhA : paM. baladeva upAdhyAya, pra. bihAra- rASTra bhASA-pariSad, paTanA / bhAratIya saMgIta kA itihAsa : zrIumeza jozI / bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya : DaoN. lAlamaNi mizra pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI / mahArthamaMjarI : 'kalA-vivecana' se sandarbhita / mAnadaNDa : AcArya nalinavilocana zarmA, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, paTanA : san 1963 I. / mAlavikAgnimitra : kAlidAsa, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / meghadUta : kAlidAsa : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / : meghadUta : eka anucintana : DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva, pra. nAgarI prakAzana prA. li., paTanA, prathama saM., san 1950 I. / raghuvaMza: kAlidAsa : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / rasagaMgAdhara : paNDitarAja jagannAtha, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / rasamImAMsA : AcArya rAmacandra zukla, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI / rAmakathA : utpatti aura vikAsa : revareMNDa DaoN. phAdara kAmila bulke, lokabhAratI, ilAhAbAda / rAmacaritamAnasa: go. tulasIdAsa, gItA presa, gorakhapura / lokasAhitya kI bhUmikA : DaoN. kRSNadeva upAdhyAya / vikramAMkadevacarita : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / vikramorvazIya : kAlidAsa : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / vidhi - vijJAna kA svarUpa : paM. satIzacandra mizra: pra. bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA /

Page #626
606 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bahatkathA vaidika vijJAna aura bhAratIya saMskRti : ma. ma. paM. giridhara zarmA caturvedI, pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA pariSad, ___paTanA, dvi. saM. san 1972 ii.| vrajaloka-sAhitya kA adhyayana : DaoN. styendr| zukranItisAra : caukhambhA saMskRta-bhavana, vaaraannsii| SaDdarzanasaMgraha : anuuddhRt| saMgItadAmodara : anuuddhRt| saMgItaratnAkara : anuuddhRt| saMskRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa : kItha : hindI-anu. DaoN. maMgaladeva zAstrI, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, . dillii| saMskRta-sukavisamIkSA : paM. baladeva upAdhyAya pra. caukhambA saMskRta-pustakAlaya, vaaraannsii| sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa : bhoja: caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii| sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha : anuuddhRt| sAMkhyakArikA : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| sArthavAha : DaoN. motIcandraH pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA, pra. saM., san 1953 I. / sAhitya kA itihAsa-darzana : AcArya nalinavilocana zarmA, pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, pra. saM., san - . 1960 ii.| sAhityadarpaNa : vizvanAtha mahApAtra : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| saundaryazAstra ke tattva : DaoN. kumAra vimala, pra. rAjakamala prakAzana prA. li., dillI, san 1965 I. / svatantra kalAzAstra : DaoN. kAnticandra pANDe caukhambA-saMskaraNa, san 1967 I. / harSacaritaH eka sAMskRtika adhyayana : DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSada, paTanA, pra. saM., san 1953 ii.|| hindI-sAhitya kA AdikAla : AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pra. bihAra rASTrabhASA-pariSad, dvi saM, san 1957 ii.| hindI-sAhitya kA itihAsa : AcArya rAmacandra zukla (satrahavA~ punarmudraNa), nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA, kaashii| vyAkaraNa-grantha abhinava prAkRta-vyAkaraNa : DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, tArA pablikezana, kamacchA, vaaraannsii| pANinisUtra : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| prAkRta-prabodha: DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, jJAnamaNDala, vaaraannsii| prAkRta-bhASAoM kAvyAkaraNa: DaoN. ricarDa pizala anu. DaoN. hemacandra jozI, pra. bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, ___ paTanA, pra. saM., san 1958 I. / saMkSiptasAra : anuuddhRt| siddhAntakaumudI : pANiniH motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| haimazabdAnuzAsana : caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii|

Page #627
sandarbha-granthAnukramaNI 607 koza-grantha amarakoza : (maNiprabhA TIkA tathA kSIrasvAmI kI TIkA), caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vaaraannsii| jainendrasiddhAntakoza: saM. zrIjinendravarNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI / DikzanarI oNrTa varlDa liTarecara : Tarma : TI. shiple| pAlI-hindI-koza : bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, rAjakamala prakAzana, dillii| prAkRtazabdamahArNava: saM. haragovinda dAsa TI. zeTha, kalakattA, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vaaraannsii| saMskRta-hindI-koza: motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1969 I. / hindI-vizvakoza : kAzI-nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kaashii| hindI-vizvakoza : saM. prAcyavidyAmahArNava : zrInagendranAtha bsu| hindI-zabdasAgara: kAzI-nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vaaraannsii| hindI (sAhityakoza) bhAga 1, jJAnamaNDala, vaaraannsii| bRhat hindI-koza : jJAnamaNDala, vaaraannsii| dezInAmamAlA : AcArya hemacandraH motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| bauddhagrantha bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : navanAlandA mahAvihAra, nAlandA / majjhimanikAya : saM. mahApaNDita rAhula saaNkRtyaayn| mahAvastu (mahAvatthu) : navanAlandA mahAvihAra, naalndaa| lalitavistara: uttara pradeza hindI-saMsthAna, lakhanaU, saMskaraNa : san 1984 I. / vimAnabhaTTabhASya : anuuddhRt| suttanipAtabhASya: motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vaaraannsii| jainagrantha aMgasutta : zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), san 1980 ii.| AcAracUla : sampAdaka : muni nathamala, pra. jainazvetAmbara terApanthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, san 1967 I. / AcArAMgasUtra: jaina zvetAmbara terApanthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA / uttarAdhyayanasUtra : jaina zvetAmbara terApanthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, anuvAdaka-sampAdaka : muni nathamala, san 1967 ii.| upAsakadazAsUtra : zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), san 1980 I. / aupapAtikasUtra : zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), san 1980 I. / kuvalayamAlA: udyotana sUri, sindhI jainazAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya vidyA-bhavana, bambaI, san 1959 ii.| jainadarzana : pro. mahendrakumAra jaina: zrIgaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, bhadainI, kaashii|

Page #628
608 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAti : saM. paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, ___mthuraa| tiloyapaNNatti : yativRSabhAcArya, jIvarAja granthamAlA, zolApura / dazavakAlikaniyukti : zrIzvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jainakAnapharensa, bhA~gavAr3I, mumbaI, san 1939 I. / dazavaikAlikasUtra: jainazvetAmbara terApanthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, vAcanA-pramukha: AcArya tulasI, 2020 vikrmaabd| paMcAstikAya: paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bmbii| paumacariya: AcArya vimalasUri : pra. prAkRta-grantha-pariSad, vaaraannsii| prajJApanAsUtra : zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), san 1980 ii.| prabandhacintAmaNi : mestuMga : bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bmbii| bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina: pra. madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya-pariSad, bhopAla, pra. saM. san 1962 ii.| prAkRta-bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa : DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI pra tArA pablikezansa, kamacchA, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1966 I. / prAkRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa : DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina : pra. caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, vArANasI, san 1961 ii.| prabandhakoza : rAjazekhara sUri : bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bmbii| bRhatkathAkoSa : hariSeNa : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI / bRhatkalpabhASyaH prAkRta-bhAratI, jayapura, san 1966 I. / mahApurANa : rAjazekhara sUriH bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vaaraannsii|. rAjapraznIyasUtra : zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), san 1980 I. / rAjavArtika: bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vaaraannsii| vasudevahiNDI (gujarAtI-anuvAda) : anu. pro. bhogIlAla jayacanda bhAI sANDesarA pra. zrIAtmAnanda sabhA, bhaavngr| vasudevahiNDI : en oNtheNTika jaina varsana oNva da bRhatkathA : DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina, pra. lAla bhAI - dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti-vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda, san 1977 I. / samavAyAMgasUtra : jainavizvabhAratI, lADanU~ (raajsthaan)| sarvArthasiddhiTIkA: devanandI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vaaraannsii| sUtrakRtAMga: zrIAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), san 1980 I. / sthAnAMga (ThANaM) : vAcanApramukha : AcArya tulasI, pra. zrIjainavizvabhAratI, lADanUM (raajsthaan)| haribhadra ke prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana : DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, pra. prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahiMsA-zodhasaMsthAna, vaizAlI, san 1965 I. / hisTrI oNva tamila liTarecara : esa. vI. pillaI, madrAsa, san 1956 I. / patrikAe~ 'kalyANa' (mAsika) : hindU-saMskRti-aMka, gItA presa, gorakhapura /

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sandarbha-granthAnukramaNI 'candA mAmA' (hindI - mAsika ) : madrAsa / 'nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA' : (traimAsika) kAzI / 'pariSad - patrikA' (traimAsika) : bihAra - rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA / 'buleTina oNva di skUla oNva orieNTala sTaDIja' : jilda 1 / 'manoramA' (pAkSika) : ilAhAbAda / 'sambodhi' (traimAsika) : pra. lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti - vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda / 'sAhitya' (traimAsika) : bihAra - hindI - sAhitya - sammelana, paTanA / 609

Page #630
zabdAnukramaNI aMkamukhI (vidyA) :168 aMga-janapada : 363,413,462,471,472, 473,482 aMgadeza : 468 * aMgamandara : 461,462,472 aMgarAja : 471 aMgavidyA : 178 aMgasuttANi : 268 Ti. aMjanagiri : 460 agaDadatta (muni) : 37,70,223,224, 228, 253, 254,302,337,342, 387,412,476 agaDadattacariyaM (carita) : 37,302 agaracanda nAhaTA : 34 agnideva : 266 agnipurANa : 113,113 Ti,224,226,226Ti,, 243, 249,265,266,377 Ti. agnimitra (zuMgakAla) : 383 agniveza (maharSi) : 193,215 acchA (janapada) : 482 ajapatha : 451,524 ajAtazatru : 74,76,475 atipANDukambalazilA : 462 atri (vAstuzAstrajJa) : 242 atharvaveda : 194,242,266,326,327,364, 364 Ti.420,454,476,482 atharvasaMhitA : 180,180 Ti. ananta (kazmIra-nareza) : 24 anAtmavAdI : 486 anAmajAtaka : 107 anAryaveda : 324,327,482 anuttaraupapAtikadazA : 5 anuyogadvArasUtra : 6,356 anekAntavAdI : 485,488 antarnadI. : 470 antararASTrIya prAcyavidyA-pariSad (roma) : 34 aparavideha : 457,459 apratiSThAna (naraka) : 390 apratihatA vidyA) : 164 abhayacaraNa sAnyAla : 170 abhijJAnazAkuntala (nATaka): 227,337,537 Ti. abhinavagupta (AcArya) : 352 Ti,536, 542, 546 abhinava prAkRtavyAkaraNa :514Ti. abhinavabhAratI : 270 Ti. amarakoza : 355,383,383 Ti. 398,408, 454,455,593,597 amarasiMha : 408,409,454,593 ayodhyA (nagarI): 396,399,466,477,481, 482,485,503 arastU : 260 arasvAmI (nAtha) : 386,396,476 ariSTanemi : 360 aruNAparvata : 471 'arebiyana nAiTsa Tela' : 30 arthazAstra : 160 Ti,162 Ti, 171,172, 217 Ti,371,421,422,423, 423 Ti,441, 446,463 arddhapuSkaravaradvIpa : 459 arddhabharata : 369,457,476 'ardhamAgadha' : 502 arnesTa e.bekara : 120 aliphalailA kI kathA : 30 avantI (janapada :deza) : 19,223,352,471, 475

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A zabdAnukramaNI avalokavRtti (TIkA) : 19 AbhoginI (vidyA) : 164 avasarpiNI (kAla) : 184 AyanavATa : 120 avasvApinI (vidyA) : 156 Ayudhaveda (vidyA) : 221,224,225, 228,234 avimukta (kSetra) : 341 AragAyara (dvIpa): 458 azvaghoSa : 35,566 AraNyaka : 378 azvamedhayajJa : 328,328 Ti. Ar.es.lUmisa : 120 azvAyurveda : 220 Ara.ke.karaMjiyA : 170 aSTAMgayoga : 483 Ar. narasI vA~cA (vellUra) : 30 Ti. aSTAMgahRdaya : 192,192 Ti,196,205,210, AryabhaTTa : 171 AryarakSita : 6 214 Ti, 216 Ti. Aryaveda : 324,330,482 aSTApadaM (parvata) : 464,465 ArSa prAkRta : 499,500,501,502,504, astrazAstra : 231 514,520 ahamindra : 400 oNlsaDorpha,luDaviga : 28,28 Ti.30, 33,34, ahicchatrA : 482 498 AvartanI vidyA) : 163 AvazyakacUrNi : 29 Ai.es.desAI (prakAzaka evaM mudraka, AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra : 243 gujarAtI priNTiga presa, saisUna bilDiMgsa, phorTa bambaI) : 328 Ti. oNsTina (aparAdha-vaijJAnika) : 438 / AkAzagAminI (vidyA) : 160 AharaNa (kathAbheda) : 533 AkhyAnamaNikoza : 38 AgnivezyagRhyasUtra : 183 iNTroDakzana : kriTikala epareTasa : 68 Ti. AcAra(AyAra) cUlA : 268,268 Ti. indra : 194 AcArAMgasUtra : 485,485 Ti. indrada (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 ATha vivAha : 336 AtmAnanda jainasabhA indrabhUti (gautama gaNadhara) : 110 (bhAvanagara,gujarAta) : 67,154 Ti. insAiklopIDiyA oNva liTrecara : 120 Atreya (maharSi : AcArya) : 194,215 insAiklopIDiyA briTAnikA : 83,120 Adima (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 irAvatI (nadI) : 467 'oNna da liTrecara oNvada iSukAra (parvata) : 460 zvetAmbarAz2a oNva gujarAta : 4 iSuvegA (nadI) : 450,452,467 Anandavarddhana : 560 isigillisutta : 464 Anata (janapada :deza) : 471,479 'AparAdhikI' (grantha): 439 Ti. ApastambagRhyasUtra : 182 I.myUlara : 503 ApTe (vAmana zivarAma) : 194 Ti, 225 Ti,232, IzAnakalpa : 406 355,358,359,367, IzAnendra : 406 374 IzopaniSad (IzAvAsyopaniSad) : 388

Page #632
612 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA RSabhanAtha (RSabhadeva : RSabhasvAmI : tIrthaMkara) u ujjayinI : 19,213, 228, 304, 476 uNAdisUtra : 484 Ti. utkala : 471, 479 uttarakuru: 457, 466 uttarakurukSetra : 40 1,459 uttaragiri : 336 uttarapAMcAla : 477 uttarapurANa : 18, 38 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : 85 Ti. 194,195, 350, 350 Ti. uttarArddha bharata : 457 utpata - nipatanI (vidyA) : 163 utpalAcArya : 170 utsarpiNI : 184 utsAriNI (vidyA) : 156 'udanta' (kathAbheda) : 531 udayagiri - khaNDagiri : 360 udayana : 30 udayanakathA 19 udayAcala (rAjendranagara, paTanA) : 524 Ti. udayibhadra : 475 'udAtta: siddhAnta aura zilpana: 542 Ti. 'udAharaNa' (kathAbheda) : 533 udyotanasUri (AcArya) : 6, 10, 15, 146, 146 Ti. 523, 524 'upayoga' : 485, 485 Ti. uparalI irAvadI 462 uparicara vasu: 477, 478 upAsakadazA: 5 umAsvAti : 255 Ti, 485 Ti. 'urvazI' (kAvya) : 524 Ti. RksaMhitA : 180, 180 Ti. Rgveda (Rk) : 194 Ti, 265, 265 Ti, 266, 267,321, 364,364 Ti. 365 : 70, 113, 137, 139, 156, 173, 181, 182, 187, 203, 213, 221, 241, 251, 253, 294, 295, 320, 321, 322, 323,340, 347,351, 359, 384, 396, 399, 400, 401, 40 4, 405, 420, 440, 460, 462, 465, 467, 477, 503, 588 RSabhasvAmI carita : 80, 140 RSibhASita: 500, 501 'eina neve varsana Dera varlo renena bRhatkathA saguNADhya' : 'e nyU varsana oNva di laoNsTa bRhatkathA oNva guNADhya' (jarmana - nibandha): 28 Ti, 33 e. en. upAdhye (DaoN) : 151 erTana : 27 eDavina honiMga : 133 Ti. 'en iNTroDakzana Tu di sTaDI oNva liTrecara : 120 'epika aiNDa romAMsa'-: 120 e.pI. jamakheDakara (DaoN.) : 34, 318 Ti. el. ec. lUmisa : 120 el. DI. iMsTIcyUTa oNva iNDolaoNjI (ahamadAbAda) : 68 ela, merI bArkara : 120 es. vI. deva (pro.) : 34, 318 Ti. es. vI. pillaI (madrAsa) : 30 Ti. e. sI. gibsa : 120 'e hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTarecara' : 3 ai airaNyavata (kSetra) : 464 airavata (kSetra) : 457, 459, 464, 465, 469 airavatavarSa : 396 airAvatI (rAvI) : 469

Page #633
o niyukti : 355 au aucityavicAracarcA : 293 Ti. aupapAtikai sUtra : 243, 261, 359, 501, 502 Ti. kaMcanapura : 482 kaThopaniSad : 447 Ti. kaNThakadvIpa : 457, 458, 461 kathAbheda : 524 kathAsaritsAgara : 13,14, 14 Ti, 15, 18, 18 Ti, 19, 20, 21 Ti, 22, 22 Ti, 23, 24, 25, 26, 26 Ti, 27, 28, 28 Ti., 31, 31 Ti., 34, 35, 36Ti,68 Ti,69 Ti.,76, 78 Ti., 109, 190 kannar3a sAhitya kA itihAsa : 30 Ti. kapAlI (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 kamalapura (kamara : khmera) : 448, 451 kampillapura : 482 kambali (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 kambuja : 451 kamboDiyA - zilAbhilekha : 19 karakaNDu-kathAnaka : 157 Ti. karuNAzaMkara : 243 karkoTaka (parvata) : 458 zabdAnukramaNI karpUramaMjarI : 500 kalA-vilAsa : 24,260, 260 Ti., 271 kalA-vivecana : 155 Ti, 256 Ti, 258 Ti, 260 Ti, 263 Ti 285 Ti., 287 Ti, 293 Ti 294 Ti. kaliMga : 482 kalpavRkSa : kalpadruma : 383, 384, 385, 401 kalpasUtra : 358 kalpAvataMsikA : 5 kalpikA : 5 'kalyANa' (hindU-saMskRti-aMka) : 268 Ti. kallinAtha : 286 kasavarddhana: 354 kAMkaTuka (kadanna) : 387 kA~variyA bAbA : 253, 254 kAkacaNDIzvaratantra : 219 kAkodara (sarpa) : 376 bhUta: 167 kANTa : 319 kAdambarI : 6, 10,82, 257 kAnticandra pANDeya (DaoN) : 243 Ti 257, 285 Ti. kAmadhenu : 219 kAmandakanIti : 224 613 kAmarUpa (janapada): 471, 480 kAmasUtra (kAmazAstra) : 155, 242, 257, 259, 259 Ti 260, 260 Ti, 263, 271, 288 kArttavIrya : 476 kAlakAcArya : 171 kaoNlarija : 133, 546 kAlidAsa (mahAkavi) : 14, 11, 19, 35, 227, 248, 256, 266, 282, 337, 363, 367, 383, 413, 419, 423, 537, 566, 570 kAlodadhi (kAloda): 460 467 'kAvya ke udAtta tattva' : 542 Ti. kAvyamImAMsA : 114Ti, 545 Ti, 546 Ti, 567 kAvyaracanA-prakriyA : 140 Ti. 'kAvyaracanA-prakriyA aura mitha' (lekha) : 140 Ti. kAvyAdarza : 19,113 Ti, 114, 114 Ti, 501 kAvyAnuzAsana : 25,113 Ti, kAvyAlaMkAra : 113 Ti, 501 kAvyAlaMkAravRtti: 5.60 kAvyAlaMkArasUtravRtti : 559

Page #634
614 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA kRpArAma : 243 kRSNacaritra : 84 kRSNadeva upAdhyAya (DaoN.) : 83 kRSNalAla (DaoN.) : 183 Ti. kekayArddha (janapada): 482 kedAranAtha zarmA sArasvata (paM) : 26,465 kailAzacandra deva bRhaspati (AcArya) : 286 koMkaNa (viSaya : janapada ) : 471, 480 kAzagara : 452 kAzikAvRtti : 484 kAzI : 467, 476, 482, 503 kAzI janapada : 471, 476 kAzI - nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA (vArANasI) : 227 Ti., 243 Ti. kAzyapa : 243 kiMjalpidvIpa: 457, 458 kinnaragIta (ka): 284, 285 kirAtarUpiNI (vidyA) : 168 kItha (DaoN.) : 24, 24 Ti, 26, 26 Ti., 27, 35 Ti, 36 kukkuTa (sarpa) : 376 kucumAra (AcArya) : 259 kuTTanImatakAvya : 271,271 Ti. kuNAla (janapada) : 481, 482 kuNDapura : 87,338 kuntaka (AcArya): 546, 558 kunthunAtha (svAmI) : 396, 421, 476 kumAra vimala (DaoN.) : 131,132, 140 Ti, 155 Ti, 256, 260, 262, 293, 294, 537 Ti, 542, 544, 546, 547,554,555 kumArasambhava (mahAkAvya) : 256 kumharAra : 475 kurukSetra : 466 kuru- janapada : 467, 471, 476, 482 kuruvinda (maNi) : 359 kuvalayamAlA ( kuvalayamAlAkahA) : 6, 10, 15, 146 Ti, 154 Ti, 514,523,524 kuzAmapura (rAjagRha) : 420, 464, 473, 481 kuzArtha (kuzAvartta) : 471, 479, 482 kusumapura : 475 kUNika (koNika : ajAtazatru) : 74,76, 473, 502 kUrmapurANa : 462 kokkAsa (AkAzayAna-zilpI) : 415, 416, 417 koTivarSa (janapada) : 482 kolabruka : 503 kozala (janapada): 471, 476, 477, 482 kozala (pradeza): 477, 503 kauTilya : 160 Ti, 162 Ti 171, 172, 217 Ti, 243,371,421,422, 423,423 Ti, 425, 439, 441, 446, 447, 456, 471 kauzAmbI : 16, 184, 475, 478, 482 kauzItakibrAhmaNa: 221 kramadIzvara : 504 kroce : 546 'kvArTarlI jarnala oNva da mithika risarca sosAyaTI' : 23 kvena - luna (parvatazreNI) : 462 kSIravara (dvIpa samudra) : 460 kSIrasvAmI (TIkAkAra) : 355, 455 kSIrodasamudra : 467 kSudrahimavanta: 463 kSemendra (AcArya) : 13, 14, 15 Ti, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27, 28, 35, 260, 271, 293,407, 465,465 Ti. kSaudravara (dvIpa samudra) : 460 kha khagapatha : 451 khaNDakApAlika (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 khasa (deza) : 450, 452, 456, 471, 479 khAravela (rAjA): 520

Page #635
zabdAnukramaNI gomukha (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 govarddhanAcArya : 19 gaMgAsAgara : 467. govinda (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 gauDavaho : 359,504 govindarAjIya rAmAyaNabhUSaNa (TIkA) : 328 Ti. gajapura (hastinApura) : 476,478 glenevila (aparAdha-vaijJAnika) : 438 gadyacintAmaNi : 25,82 gandhamAdana (parvata) : 471,477 gandharvaveda (gandharva) : 224,414,472 ghRtavara (dvIpa : samudra) : 460 gandhAra-janapada : 422,471,477,488 ghoTakamukha (AcArya) : 259 . gandhilAvatI (vijaya) : 477,488 gayadAsa (TIkAkAra) : 205 garuDapurANa : 243,244,249,388, caturavijaya (muni) : 67,68,70 389 Ti,392 caturbhANI : 34,248 Ti,271,271 Ti,272 Ti, garga(AcArya) : 171 * 273 Ti.,274,288,303 Ti, 352 Ti,583 gargasaMhitA : 171 candana (cAnana nadI): 462 gavAyurveda : 220 candA (nadI) : 263,468 gAthAsaptazatI : 6,555 'candAmAmA' (bAla-mAsika,madrAsa) : 375 Ti. gAhAsattasaI : 504 'candrakAntA' : 30 giridhara zarmA caturvedI (ma.ma) : 381 Ti.403 'candrakAntAsantati' : 30 gItagovinda : 280 candragupta : 475 gItA : 364,364 Ti,365,381,388 Ti., 393 Ti.404,442,446,489 Ti. candrabalI pANDe : 352 Ti. gujarAtI priNTiga presa (bambaI) : 328 Ti. candrabhAgA (cinAba) : 469 guNadeva (guNADhya-ziSya) : 17 candrasena (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 guNabhadra (AcArya) : 11,38,110 campA (nagarI,nagara,purI,pura) : 77, 263, 280, 344,344 Ti,413, guNADhya (mahAkavi) : 11, 13, 14, 15, 16,17, 452,453, 467, 18,20,22,25, 28, 29, 468,472,473,476, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 480,481,48238,70,76, 78,82,109, 119, 366, 451, 565 campAnagara (bhAgalapura) : 32,344,345,363 gurukula AryolA (barelI) : 223,227 Ti. campAnagarI Dhola : 363 'gRhyamantra aura unakA viniyoga : 183 TiH campAnAlA : 468 goNikAputra : 259 campAmaNDala : 462,472 godAvarI (nadI) : 468 caraka (AcArya) : 194,195,196,198, 204, gonardIya : 259 205, 206,208,212,214, gopInAtha kavirAja 215,216 (paM.,mahAmahopAdhyAya :kavirAjajI) : 169,170, . carakasaMhitA : 192,192 Ti,193,196,205, carakha 199,258 212 Ti,214 Ti.

Page #636
616 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA carcarI (karkarI) : 267 cA~do saudAgara : 472 cAmuNDarAya : 463 cArAyaNa (AcArya) : 259 cArvAka : 484,485,495 citracUDa (nAstikavAdI deva) : 406 cInabhUmi (cInasthAna) : 450,451,471,479 cullahimavanta (laghu himAlaya) : 460,463 cedi-janapada (deza) : 471,477,478,482 cedinagara (cedideza) : 232,324 caimbarsa insAiklopIDiyA : 82 cokSavAdI : 495 cokSa (caukSa)-sampradAya : 352,352 Ti. caukhambA oriyaNTAliyA (vArANasI) : 23 Ti. caukhambA-prakAzana : 243 caukhambA vidyAbhavana (vArANasI) : 19 Ti, 21 Ti,219 Ti. caupAInamara (campAnagara : bhAgalapura) : 344 Ti. causara : 26 jambU : 73 jambUdvIpa (jambUkhaNDa) : 298, 376, 396, 457, 458,459,460, 464, 465, 469,470, 471 jambUdvIpaprajJapti (jambUdIvapaNNatti) : 458,459 jambUnadI : 458 jambUprastha: 458 jambUsvAmI : 71,73,76,150,155,156, 169,173,339,473,502 jambUsvAmI-carita : 80 jayadeva (kavi) : 280 jayapura : 470 jayazaMkara prasAda' (mahAkavi) : 280 jarAsandha : 403,474,475 javAharI (kAzI kI prasiddha gaNikA) : 280 . jaoNrja beTamaina seNTsabarI : 120 jaoNrjavaile : 132 'jAhnavI' : 467 jinabhadra : 667 jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa : 67 jinavijaya (muni) : 154 Ti. jinasena (AcArya) : 11,38,146,146 Ti,523 jejjaTa (TIkAkAra) : 205 jenarala enthropolaoNjI : 140 Ti. 'jainadarzana' (mantha) : 486 Ti. jaina vizvabhAratI (lADana) : 266 jainendrasiddhAntakoza : 477,578,597 jojepha TI.ziple : 120 jolovisTa (aparAdha-vaijJAnika) : 438 jJAtRdharmakathA : 5 jyotiSasaMhitA : 171 jvAlavatI (jAlavaMtI): 164 chinakaTaka (vipulAcala) : 475,479 choTAnAgapura (pramaNDala) : 463 jaMgala (janapada) : 482 jagadIza gupta (DaoN) : 359,359 Ti,383 Ti. jagadIzacandra jaina (DaoN) : 11,13,14,21,22,23 23 Ti, 29, 33,35,36, 68, 68 Ti,69,154 Ti, 318 Ti,408,498,592 jagadIzacandra basu : 382 Ti. jagadIza pANDeya (pro) : 542 jagannAtha (paNDitarAja) : 262 ... jagannAtha pAThaka (DaoN.) : 271 jarnAdana mizra (DaoN) : 554 Ti. jamadagni : 476 Ta TaMkaNa (deza) : 450,471,479 TaMkaNa (mlecchajAti) : 450 TI.esa.iliyaTa :9

Page #637
zabdAnukramaNI 617 TI.ziple : 116 ToDaramala : 243 ToDarAnanda : 243 ThANaM :266,267,269 ThANAMga (sthAnAMga) :185 Ti. tAzakuragana : 452 tiraskariNI (vidyA) : 182 tilakamaMjarI : 6,20,427 Ti. tiloyapaNNatti : 244 Ti,245,393 . . tulasIgaNI (AcAryazrI) : 110,581 tulasIdAsa (gosvAmI) : 317,340,570 taittirIyabrAhmaNa : 181,181 Ti,337 Ti. taittirIyopaniSad : 262 toramANa (hUNavaMzI) : 477. tosali (nagarI) : 416 tripiTaka (bauddha) : 4 trivikrama : 501 trivikramabhaTTa : 19 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita : 11,29,38,84 DablyU.ec.haDasana : 120 DablyU.nArmana brAuna : 117 DablyU.pI.kera : 120 DalhaNAcArya (TIkAkAra) : 205 DArka kAnsiyeTa (landana) : 132 DikzanarI oNva varlDa liTrecara Tarsa : 116 Ti. DiNDI (DiNDika) : 302,303 Ti. DArvina : 485 NamokAra-mantra : 157 Ti. 'NAya' (kathAbheda) : 81 NAyakumAracariu : 37 NAyAdhammakahAo : 363 taMgaNa (TaMkaNa) : 452 takSazilA : 466,476 tattvArthasUtra : 255 Ti,485,485 Ti,486 tamatamA (narakabhUmi) : 291 taraMgalolA : 6 taraMgavatI:6,6 Ti. tAntrika vAGmaya meM zAktadRSTi : 259 Ti. . . tAmralipti : 342,352,415,452, 456,481,482 tArA buka ejeMsI (vArANasI) : 23 Ti. tArIma (ghATI) : 471 tAlodghATinI (vidyA): 156 dakSaprajApati : 335 dakSiNabharata : 457 dakSiNArddhabharata : 400,457 'daNDaviveka' (grantha) : 438 daNDI (AcArya) : 19,113,114,501 . dattaka (AcArya) : 271 dattAtreyasaMhitA : 219 dadhimukha (parvata) : 460 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA (paM) : 68 dazarathakathAnam : 107 dazarathajAtaka : 107 dazarUpaka : 19,500 dazavaikAlika (sUtra) : 145,146,146 Ti,523 dazavaikAlikaniyukti : 145,145 Ti. dazArNa (janapada) : 482 dasa dazArha : 85,479 'dasipUra : 354 dAmodaragupta : 271 "di AuTa lAina oNva mAitholaoNjI' : 132 Ti. dinakara (rASTrakavi) : 320

Page #638
618 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA dinakarabhaTTa : 243 dehAtmavAdI : 486 dinezvara prasAda (DaoN.) : 140,140 Ti. daugundukadeva : 94 'di vasudevahiNDI : en oNtheNTika droNAcArya (dhanurvedAcArya) : 225 jaina varsana oNva di bRhatkathA' : 13,33, 68, . dvAravatI (dvArakAnagarI) : 74,85,250,479,482 68 Ti,318 Ti. divyAvadAna : 78,248 Ti,459 dizAprokSita : 495 dhanaMjaya (AcArya) : 19,525 dizAprokSI : 352,495 dhanapAla : 6,20,427 Ti. 'di sTaiNDarDa DikzanarI oNva phokalora' : 83 dhanika (TIkAkAra) : 19,500 'di hisTrI oNva i~galiza naoNvela' : 120 dhanurvidyA : 221,222,224,241 dIpakarNI : 17 'dhanurvidyA' (grantha) : 223 Ti,227 Ti. dIrghavaitADhya (parvata) : 459,464,465 dhanurveda : 224,225,228 durgAprasAda dviveda : 267 Ti. dhanvantari (Adideva) : 194,208 durgAsaptazatI : 161 Ti,193,239 dhammillacarita : 32,37,70,73,74,80,128, dRtiprayAga : 326 156, 157, 213, 269, 366, 370, 371, 432, 434, 436, dRSTivAda (zrutAMga) : 153 438,440, 452, 454, 467, dRSTiviSa (sarpa) : 276 491 deva : 400,401,403,405,406 dhammillahiNDI : 69, 70, 73,74,97, 113, devakInandana khatrI : 30 144, 187, 209, 210, 216, devakuru : 457,459 217, 221, 223, 229, 253, devadUSya : 355 261, 263, 269, 274, 296, devanandipUjyapAda : 486 297, 302, 309, 310, 338, devarddhigaNI : 503 344, 349, 351, 352, 356, 360, 363, 366, 368, 373, deva-vimAna (vimAna : devaloka) : 393,394,395, 375, 376, 379, 382, 387, 396,397,406 394,410,416,424,472,476 devIpurANa : 243 dharmadAsa : 69 devIbhAgavatapurANa : 463 dharmadAsagaNI : 69 devendragaNI (AcArya) : 37,38 dharmasenagaNimahattara: devendrasUri : 84 (dharmasena) : 14,67,68,69 devyaparAdhakSamApanastotra : 341 Ti. dharmasenagaNI : 69 dezabandhu vidyAlaMkAra : 223,227 Ti. dhAtrI : dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa : 457,459,460,470 dezInAmamAlA : 575,579,580, 581,584, dhUmaprabhA (narakabhUmi) : 391 585,587,590,593,597 dhUrtAkhyAna (dhuttakkhANa) : 153 dezopadeza : 24 'dhruvapada aura usakA vikAsa' : 286 Ti. dhruvAgIti : 286,287 deha-parimANa-AtmavAda : 486,488 dhvanyAloka : 560 deha-parimANa-AtmavAdI : 487 dhvanyAlokalocana (caukhambA-saMskaraNa) : 546 Ti.

Page #639
zabdAnukramaNI nagendra (DaoN.) : 542 nagendranAtha vasu (prAcyavidyAmahArNava) : 224,227 nathamala (muni) : 266,268 naTTanArAyaNarAga : 285 nandideva (guNADhya-ziSya) : 17 nandipura : 482 nandI (zivAnucara; kAmazAstra-praNetA) : 259,260 nandIzvaradvIpa : 457,460 ,461 nami (rAjA) : 481 namisAdhu (paNDita : TIkAkAra) : 113 Ti,501,560 naravAhana (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 naravAhanadatta (rAjA) : 6,13,19,23, 24,27,29, 30, 31, 37. 71,72,76, 349, 413, 465 . naravAhanadanacarita : 18 narasiMha (granthakAra) : 500 narmamAlA (grantha) : 24 nalinavilocana zarmA (AcArya : nalinajI) : 7,9,20,21.82.82 Ti. nalinIvijaya : 458,470 nAgapura-vizvavidyAlaya : 34,318 Ti. nAgabodhi (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 nAgamUrcchanA : 284 nAgarAga : 284,285 nAgarI-pracAriNI-patrikA (kAzI) : 34 nAgahastI : 6 nAgArjuna (bauddhabhikSu) : 205,217,219 nAgArjunatantra : 219 nATyaveda : 266 nATyazAstra : 155 Ti., 257,266,268 Ti,269, 269 Ti, 271, 280, 282 Ti., 283 Ti, 284, 284 Ti, 285, 285 Ti, 286, 286 Ti., 287, 287 Ti, 288 Ti, 307, 307 Ti.. 363, 500 Ti.. 559 nAbhikumAra : 477 nAradamuni : 265 nAradasaMhitA : 171. nArAyaNabhaTTa : 243 'nArI ke vividha rUpa' : 23 Ti. nAstikavAda : 484 nAstikavAdI : 483,486,487,488 nimbArkAcArya : 494 nivartanI (vidyA) : 163 nizItha (cUrNi) : 268 nizIthacUrNi : 6,514 niSadha (parvata) : 459 nisIhajjhayaNa : 268 nItimayUkha : 224 nIlavanta (parvata) : 471 nIlavAn (parvata) : 459 nemicandra (vIrabhadra-ziSya) : 6 nemicandra zAstrI (DaoN) : 5, 68,68 Ti,116,117, 146 Ti.,147,157 Ti,, 172,181 Ti.,191 Ti,, 498,503,514,523 Ti. neminAtha : 360 neminAthacarita : 29 nezanala pabliziMga hAusa (dillI) : 183 Ti. nepAla-mAhAtmya : 18 Ti.,36,36 Ti. pa paMkaprabhA (narakabhUmi) : 391 paMcatantra : 27,534 paMcadivya : 401,480 paMcaparameSThI : 113 paMcabhUtavAda : 484 paMcAlaH : 482 paMcAstikAya : 486 Ti. paumacariu : 109 paumacariyaM (ya) : 7,8, 8 Ti, 9, 109, 110, 110 Ti, 111, 112, 112 Ti, 230, 357, 365, 514

Page #640
620 vasadevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA paTTatUlikA : 353 puSkaradvIpa :459,470 pataMjali (maharSi) : 170 puSkaravaradvIpa : 457,459,460 patralaghukikA (vidyA): 160 puSkarAI : 457,459,460 padmacarita : 109 puSkalAvatI (vijaya :prAnta):470,471,477,566 padmaprAbhRtaka (bhANa) : 352 puSpadanta (AcArya) : 11,37,38,102 padminIkheTa : 452,469,477 puSpadanta (zivagaNa) : 16,17 paraloka : 490 puSyamitra : 205 parazurAma : 406 pUrvavideha (kSetra) : 298,300,457,459,470 pariziSTaparva : 308 pRthu (rAjA,veNaputra) : 225 'pariSad-patrikA' (traimAsika) :11 Ti,21 Ti,22 Ti, pRthvIsUkta : 454 22 Ti, 23, 23 Ti, perisa : 23 29 Ti, 120 Ti, 132 pezAvara (puruSapura) : 481 Ti, 133 Ti,135 Ti, paiMgara : 26,117 136 Ti,170 Ti,286 paurANika vAstuzAntiprayoga : 244 Ti. Ti, 408 Ti, 462 Ti, prajJapti (vidyA) : 94,157,158,162 Ti 464 Ti. 'pariSada-patrikA' (ma.ma.gopInAtha kavirAja prajJApanA (sUtra) : 400 smRti-tIrtha :vizeSAMka) : 170 Ti,199 Ti. pratApasiMha (nepAla-mahArAja) : 159 Ti. pazcimavideha (kSetra) : 470 pratiSThAna (jhUsI) : 468 pATaliputra : 259,475 prathamAnuyoga : 499 pANini (maharSi :AcArya) : 256,574 prabandhakoza : 242,257,261 prabandhacintAmaNi : 123 Ti. pANDavapurANa (jainamahAbhArata) : 84 prabhava (svAmI): 73 pAdatADitaka (bhANa) : 352 Ti. prabhAcandra:6 pAdaliptasUri : 6 pAmIra : 462 prabhAvakacaritra :6 prabhAsatIrtha : 479 pAraskaragRhyasUtra : 182 prayAga :467 pArijAtaharaNa : 182 pravarasena : 504 pAli-hindI-koza:576,597 pAvA (janapada) : 482 praznavyAkaraNasUtra : 171 pippalAda : 476 praznopaniSad : 202 pI.ke. agravAla (DaoN) : 23 prasannacandra : 502 pIyarsa sAiklopIDiyA : 120 prasenajit : 476,477 puNyavijaya (muni) : 67,68,70 praharaNAvaraNI (vidyA) : 159 puNyAsravakathAkoza : 38 prAkRta-grantha-pariSad (vArANasI) : 112 Ti. puNyAhavAcana : 331 Ti. prAkRtaprabodha : 157 Ti. punarjanmavAda : 488 prAkRta-bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa :500 Ti, 503 Ti, punarjanmavAdI : 489 504 Ti. puruvarta :janapada (prA.purivaThTha) : 482 'prAkRta-bhASA aura sAhitya kA purazcaryArNava : 159 Ti. AlocanAtmaka itihAsa : 503 Ti,523 Ti.

Page #641
621 zabdAnukramaNI prAkRta-zabdapradIpikA : 50 bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad (paTanA) : 7 Ti,14 Ti,23 prAkRtazabdamahArNava : 34, 68 Ti, 101 Ti, 114 Ti, (pAiyasaddamahaNNavo): 353,354,356,358, . 170 Ti, 280,286 Ti,319 Ti, 359, 363, 365,367,374,375, 434 Ti, 451 Ti, 465 Ti, 387,422,454,455,495,516 Ti, 500 Ti, 554 Ti. 575, 507, 580, 586, 587, 597 bihAra hindI-grantha-akAdamI (paTanA) : 439 Ti. prAkRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa : 21,154 Ti,498 bihulA-viSaharI (lokagAthA) : 472 prAcIna bhArata ke vAdyayantra (lekha) : 268 Ti... bImsa : 504 priyaMgupaTTaNa : 451 budhasvAmI : 13, 14, 20, 21, 22,23, 23 Ti, premacandra tarkavAgIza : 501 24, 25, 28,31,32, 33,35,36, . 81, 120, 128, 224, 273, 284, 303 Ti, 322, 341, 349,366, phaMka : 80 . 367,417,423, 447,450,465, phAdara kAmila bulke 493 Ti, 564,566,582,583,592 revareNDa DaoN) : 102 Ti,110 Ti. bUlara : 30 phAhiyAna : 467 bRhajjAtaka : 171 phikTa : 319 bRhatkathA (baDDakahA) : 11,13,14,15,19,20,21, phrAMja boAz2a : 140 22, 24, 25, 27,28, 29, 30,31,32,33,34,35,36, phraoNyaDa : 133,310 36 Ti, 37,38,70,76,78, 80,109, 119, 190,366, 407,451,564 badarInArAyaNa sinhA (DaoN):439 Ti. bRhatkathAkoza : 38,151 Ti.. . bandhavimokSaNI : 159 bRhatkathAmaMjarI : 13,14,15 Ti,20,22,24,27, bandhavimocanI : 159 28,31,34,70,76,109,190 bappabhaTTasUriprabandha : 261 bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha : 13, 14,20,21,22,23, 23 Ti,24,25,27,30,31, babhruputra (bAbhravya) pAMcAla : 257,259,262 / 32,33,34,35,35 Ti,36, barbara (deza :janapada) : 451,456,471,479 / 37,70,71,76,109,128, balakhakhaNDa : 471 190, 224, 284 Ti, 285, baladeva upAdhyAya (AcArya) : 14 Ti,19,101 Ti. 303 Ti., 322, 341,349, bahurUpa (nATakakAra) : 282 366,367,403,414,423, bacabrAhmaNa : 180 450, 451, 465,493 Ti, bANabhaTTa (mahAkavi bANa) : 6,10,15,78,82, 564,566,582,583 257, 356,557 bRhatkalpabhASya: 514 - - -- bArbarikona : 451 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : 481,482 bAlukAprabhA (narakabhUmi) : 391 bRhatsaMhitA : 249 bAhubali (lI): 463,466,476 bRhat hindI-koza bimbisAra : 74,110 (jJAnamaNDala,vArANasI) : 359,454,597

Page #642
622 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA bRhadAraNyakopaniSad : 398,398 Ti. bhartRhari (AcArya) : 340,353 bekana : 319 'bhava-bhAvanA' : 38 beniphI : 117 bhAgalapura (prAcIna aMga) : 253,363,462,468 baitAlapacIsI : 27 bhAgavatapurANa : 257 bokaiziyo : 26 bhAgIrathi (bhagIratha) : 465,467,476 bodhisattvAvadAnakalpalatA : 24 bhAgIrathI : 467 bauMsI (upanagara) : 473 bhAmaha (AcArya) : 113 bahmadatta (rAjA): 224 bhAyANI (DaoN):68 brahmapITha :brahmabAbA : 403 bhArata : 457 brahmA (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 bhAratamaMjarI : 24 brAhmavidhi : 337 bhAratavarSa : 457,466,481 brAhmI : 348 bhAratIya jJAnapITha (vArANasI) : 172 Ti,181 Ti. 'bhAratIya jyotiSa' (grantha) : 172 Ti,181 Ti. bonislAva mAlinovskI : 319 'bhAratIya pratIkavidyA' : 554 Ti. 'bliTja' (sAptAhika) : 170 blUmaphIlDa : 117 'bhAratIya vAGmaya meM zrIrAdhA' : 101 blaikasTona (aparAdha-vaijJAnika) : 438 / 'bhAratIya saMgIta-vAdya' : 363 Ti,365,366 'bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA' : 170 Ti. 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA bhaMgijanapada : 482 yogadAna' : 6 Ti, 68 Ti, 84 Ti,155 Ti, bhagavatIsUtra : 363 245 Ti, 256 Ti, 257 Ti, bhagavadgItA : 302,352,388 393 Ti,460 Ti,461 Ti,498 bhaTTatota (AcArya) : 546 bhAratIya saMskRti-vidyAmandira (ahamadAbAda) : 18 Ti. bhaTTarudra (AcArya) : 267 bhAradvAja (AcArya) : 194 bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana : 576 bhAravi (kavi) : 368 bhadraka (mahiSa) : 372 bhAvaprakAza : 194,196,199 Ti, 200, 200 Ti, 201, 202, 203 Ti, bhadrilapura : 482 204 Ti, 205 bhambhA (vAdya) : 363 bhAvaprakAzanighaNTu : 200 bharata (AcArya : maharSi : muni) : 157, 257, 266, 268,268 Ti, 269,269 Ti, bhAvamitra : 194,196,201,202,208, 211,220 270, 280, 282, 283,284, 285, 286, 287, 288,307, bhAskara (TIkAkAra) : 205 352 Ti,, 363, 365,500, bhAskara (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 559 bhAskara govinda ghANekara (DaoN) : 205 bharata (kSetra) : 464,474 bhujaparisarpa (nAga) : 375 bharata (rAjA) : 273,348,466 bhUtAbhUtavAdI : 485 bharadvAja (AcArya) : 243,423 bhRgu (vAstuzAstrajJa) : 242 bharahuta : 384 bhaiSajyaratnAvalI : 196

Page #643
bhogIlAla jayacandabhAI : sANDesarA (pro. sANDesarA) : 19, 28 Ti, 34, 303 Ti. 496, 498, 580, 592 bhojakaTa (nagara) : 480 bhojadeva : 243, 246, 249 ma maMgaladevazAstrI : 24 Ti, 26 Ti. maMgalAvatIvijaya : 458 maMgola : 452 magadha- janapada (pradeza) : 72, 328, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 482, 503 magadhasenA : 6 magadhApura (prA. magahApura) : 473 zabdAnukrama 'majjhimakhaNDa' : 14 maNiprabhA (TIkA) : 454 mattamANDavya (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 matsya (janapada): 482 matsyapurANa : 14,78, 102, 242, 243, 249, 452, 471 mathurA (janapada : nagarI) : 468, 474, 479, 482 madhusUdana sarasvatI : 224, 225 madhya- eziyA : 451, 452, 456, 462, 469 madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad (bhopAla) : 6 Ti. madhyamakhaNDa (majjhima yA majjhillakhaNDa) : 68, 68 Ti, 69 madhyama vasudevahiNDI : 69 manu (mahArAja) : 319,336, 336 Ti, 337,438,439, 442 'manoramA' (ilAhAbAda) : 359 Ti, 383 Ti., manthAnabhairavatantra : 219 mandaragiri : 462 mandaraparvata (mandara) : 459, 462, 463, 464, 466, 470, 471, 472, 473 mandarAcala : 378, 462 mandAraparvata (bhAgalapura, bihAra) : 167 mayadAnava : 243, 246, 254 mayamata : 243 mayazilpa : 243 mayAsura (mayadAnava ) : 242 maladhAri hemacandra : 38 malaya : 482 malaya- eziyA : 451 malayadeza: 453 malaya- prAyadvIpa : 467 mallavidyA : 223, 238, 284 mallinAtha (Alocaka ) : 19 mallinAtha (tIrthaMkara) : 48 mallI (strI tIrthaMkara): 48 mahAcullI (vidyA) : 168 mahAjAla (mahAjAlinI) vidyA : 165 mahAtamA (narakabhUmi) : 392 mahAdruma : 459 mahAnadI : 470, 471 mahAniddeza (sa) : 452 623 mahApurANa : 11,38,84,146 Ti, 523 mahAbhArata : 24, 78, 102Ti, 107 Ti, 109, 224,225, 225 Ti, 228, 242, 254, 364, 365, 384, 438, 452, 457, 462, 464 mahArAja zyAmazAha zaMkara : 243 mahArthamaMjarI : 293 Ti. mahAvastu : 272 manusaMhitA: 438 mahAvideha : 395, 457, 470 manusmRti : 345, 398, 398 Ti, 422, 436 Ti, mahAvIra (tIrthaMkara : bhagavAn) : 4, 7, 73, 74, 76, 437, 442, 442 Ti, 443, 463 84, 85, 110, 173 174, 203 Ti, 457, 464, 473, 502 mahAhimavAn (parvata) : 459, 463

Page #644
624 vasudevahiNDI:bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA mahAhada : 466,470 meruparvata : 461,463 mahendrakumAra jaina (pro) : 486 Ti,492 meSa-saMkrAnti (satuAnI) : 72 'mAuNTa meliyasa' : 462 mocinI (vidyA) : 156 mAtR prakAzana motIcandra (DaoN):34, 248 Ti, 271 Ti, 272, __ (paTanA : sAsArAma :bihAra) : 542 Ti. 303 Ti, 352 Ti,451,452, mAdhavanidAna : 166,198 Ti. 458,461,463, 467, 469, mAdhavAcArya : 196 471, 477, 583 motIlAla banArasIdAsa (paTanA) : 19 Ti. mAnadaNDa : 82 Ti. mAnavagRhyasUtra : 182 mAnavasAra : 243 yajurveda : 222, 222 Ti, 224, mAnasAravastu : 243 266, 319, 319 Ti. mAnuSottara (parvata) : 460 yativRSabhAcArya : 244,245 mArkaNDeyapurANa : 161 Ti,392,463,464 yamadagni : 405 mAlavikAgnimitra (nATaka) : 282 yavadvIpa : 456,457,458 mAlyavatparyAya (parvata) : 464 yavana (janapada : deza) : 456,471,479 mAlyavanta (parvata) : 471 yavanadvIpa (jAvA) : 448,458 mAlyavAn : 16,18 yazodhana (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 mAsapurI (janapada) : 482 yazodhara (TIkAkAra) : 257 mAhaNa : 327,350 yAkobI : 30,101,503 miDla iMgaliza romAMsa : 120 yAjJavalkya : 398,436 Ti,439,442, mitra prakAzana (ilAhAbAda) : 271 Ti. 446,476 mithilA (nagarI :janapada) : 478,478 Ti, yAjJavalkyasmRti : 336 Ti,345,365,422, . 481,482 423,436 Ti,430 Ti. milindapajha : 452 yAjJikadeva : 243 muMjavat (parvata) : 471 yAska (zrIyAskAcArya) : 398 muNDakopaniSad : 222 yuktikalpataru : 226,242 mudrArAkSasa (nATaka) : 19 yuddhakalpataru : 224 mUlaprakRti : 491 yuddhajayArNava : 224 muhUrttacintAmaNi : 180 yogazAstra : 223 mRcchakaTika (nATaka): 271,288 yogasUtra : tattvavaizAradI TIkA : 492 mRttikAvatI (janapada) : 482 ' yogendra mizra (DaoN): 469 Ti. megAsthanIja : 462 meghadUta : 14,19,248,248 Ti,272,383, . 383 Ti,386,413 raghuvaMza (mahAkAvya) : 227,248,367 Ti,368, meDievala romAMsez2a : 120 419,423 'meghadUta' eka anucintana' : 14 Ti,19 Ti, 20 Ti, rajatabAlukA (nadI) : 472 386 Ti. ratikara (parvata) : 460 merutuMga (AcArya) : 153 Ti. ralakoza (rasAyanAcArya) : 219

Page #645
zabdAnukramaNI 625. rAmAyaNamaMjarI : 24 rAmopAkhyAna : 107 Ti. rAvaNavaho : 504 ricarDa pizala (DaoN.pizala) : 500 Ti,501,503, 504,516 . rukmI (parvata) : 459 . rucakadvIpa : 457,460 rudraTa (AcArya) : 113,501,503 rudrayAmalatantra : 219 revareNDa TabArDa : 23 rainyUphreMca sampAdaka) : 23 rohiNI vidyAdevI) : 166 la raladvIpa : 457,461 ramaNIkalAla (DaoN) : 68 ramaNIkavijaya : 458 rameza kuntalamegha (DaoN) : 132,133, 135,136 / ramyaka (varSa :kSetra) : 459,464 ravIndranAtha Taigora : 534 Ti. rasagaMgAdhara : 262 rasataraMgiNI : 196 rasapArijAta : 219 rasaralasamuccaya : 196,218, 219,219 Ti. rasArNava : 196 rasikalAla pArIkha : 28 Ti. rasendrasArasaMgraha : 196 rAghavan (DaoN) : 286 rAjakamala prakAzana (naI dillI) : 537 Ti. rAjagRha : 72,77,413,464,69,473, 474,475, 482,579 rAjanIti aura darzana : 319 Ti. rAjapraznIya : 5 rAjapraznIyasUtra : 236,237 rAjavallabhamaNDana (sUtradhAramaNDana) : 243 rAjavArtika : 488 rAjazekhara(AcArya) : 114 Ti,545, 546,560 rAjazekhara sUri : 242,257 rAdhAkAnta deva : 484 rAma daivajJa) : 180 rAmakathA utpatti aura vikAsa : 102 Ti,110 Ti. rAmakRSNa bhaTTa : 243 rAmacandra mumukSu : 38 rAmacandra zukla (AcAya): 83,536,550,551 rAmacaritamAnasa : 428 Ti. rAmadhArI siMha 'dinakara' (DaoN) : 524 Ti. .. rAmaprakAza poddAra (DaoN) : 23,23 Ti,408 Ti. : rAmalalAnaharU: 340 rAmAnujAcArya : 494 rAmAyaNa : 6,19,24,109,224, 228,254,384 laMkAdvIpa : 457,461 laMkeza (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 laghuvIracintAmaNi : 224 lampa (Ta) ka (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 'lambaka' : 19,25,113 'lambha' : 25,31,113 'lambhaka' : 25 lalitavistara : 155,242,257, 260,261, 263,288 lalitastavarAja : 258 lavaNasamudra : 459,460,471,479 lAkota (pro) : 21,23,24,25,28,29,30, 34,35 lATa (janapada) : 482 laoN phAntena : 26 lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti-vidyAmandira (ahamadAbAda) : 35,68 lAlamaNi mizra (DaoN) : 363,363 Ti,365,366 lAssana : 503 liMgapurANa : 359 levisa spensa : 132 'loka-sAhitya kI bhUmikA' : 83 Ti. lokAyata : 485,415

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626 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vAdIbhasiMha (sUri) : 25,28 vAmana (AcArya) : 559 vaMkSu (nadI) : 452,467,471 vAmanapurANa : 462 vaMga : 482 vAmana zivarAma ApTe : 283 vakSaskAra :varSadhara (parvata) : 462,477 vAyupurANa : 452,464,471, vakSAra (parvata) : 459,477 vArANasI : 224,476,481,482 vajji : 474 vArAMhagRhyasUtra : 183 vatsa-janapada : 471,478,482 vArAhapurANa : 462 vatsarAja udayana : 19 vAlmIkirAmAyaNa : 9,107Ti,111,112,153, vatsAvatIviz2aya : 458 328 Ti,364, 365, 458, 478 Ti. varaNA (varuNa-janapada) : 482 vAsavadattA (kathA) : 19 varadA : 468 vAsiSThIhavanapaddhati : 331 Ti. vararuci :16,17 vAsudeva (vAstuzAstrajJa) : 243 varAhamihira (AcArya) : 171,191,247 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla varuNavara (dvIpa :samudra) : 460 (DaoN.agravAla) : 14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, varuNodikA (nadI) : 469 27, 28 Ti, 30, 34, 36 Ti, varddhamAna upAdhyAya (paM): 438. 68, 68 Ti, 69, 70, 78, varSadhara (parvata) : 470 248 Ti, 271 Ti,286, 355, vallabha (azva) : 372 386, 455, 455 Ti. vallabhadeva (TIkAkAra) : 19,386 . vAsupUjya (sAdhu) : 481 vallabhAcArya : 494 vAsupUjya (svAmI : tIrthakara) : 472,473 vasiSTha (vAstuzAstrajJa) : 242 vAsupUjya-kSetra : 462 " . vAstukuNDalI : 243 vasudevacarita : 29,70,71,73,74,76,80, 496,498 vAstucandrikA : 243 vasudeva nAra sindam : 30 vAstutattva : 243 'vasudevahiNDI' :en oNtheNTika vAstupuruSavidhi : 243 jaina varsana oNva da bRhatkathA : 13 . . . vAstupUjanapaddhati : 243 'vasudevahiNDI kA sAMskRtika itihAsa' : 318 Ti. .. vAstupradIpa : 243 vAkpatirAja : 504 vAstuyAgatattva : 243 vAganalsa :80 vAstuzAnti : 243 vAgbhaTa (AcArya) : 194,196,197,204.205, vAstuzAntiprayoga : 243 206,208,210,214,215, . vAstuzAstra : 243 216,218 vAstuziromaNi : 243 vAgbhaTasaMhitA : 192 vAstusaukhya : 243 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra : 580 vikramAMkadevacarita : 367,367 Ti. vAtsyAyana : 155,242,257,259,262,263, vikramorvazIya (nATaka) : 266 271,279,288 vijayA nadI : 452,468,469

Page #647
zabdAnukramaNI vijayArddha : 457,463,464 viSNugIta : 286,287,414 vijJAna-bhavana : 418 viSNupurANa : 393,478 Ti. viDUDama : 477 vItibhaya (janapada): 482 . viNTaranitsa (nitz2a) : 3,28,29,101 vIracintAmaNi : 224 vitastA (jhelama) : 469 vIrabhadra (AcArya) : 6 vidarbha-janapada : 87,468,471,480 vRkSAyurveda : 221 videha (kSetra) : 457,461,470,482 vRttavaitADhya (parvata) : 459,464 vidyAdhara-nikAya : 407 vRddhazAMrgadhara : 224,225,226,227 vidyAdharI (kAzI kI prasiddha gaNikA) : 280 veNupatha : 451 vidyAmukhI (vidyA) : 165 vetAlapaMcaviMzati : 27 'vidhivijJAna kA svarUpa' : 434 Ti,437 vetAlavidyA : 161 vinaphIlDa (aparAdha-vaijJAnika) : 438 vetrapatha : 450,524 vinItA (ayodhyA) : 399,477,471,482 vebara : 509 vindhyagiri (parvata) : 463 vesTara : 542 vipAzA (vyAsa) : 469 veyaDa (vaitATya) : 465 vipulAcala : 378,464,475,579 vaikhAnasa : 243 vimalasUri (AcArya) : 6, 7, 7 Ti,8, 9, 11, vaitarddha : 465 109, 110, 111,112, vaitAbya (parvata) : 407,450,461,464,465, 114, 153, 230 vimAnabhaTTabhASya : 464 468,477,481 vaidika vijJAna aura viliyamsa (aparAdha-vaijJAnika) : 438 - bhAratIya saMskRti : 381 Ti,398 Ti, 403 Ti. vizAkhadatta : 19 vaibhAragiri : 464 vizAkhila : 271 vairAgyazataka : 353 vizArada (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 vizAla (rAjA) : 478,478 Ti. vairATa (janapada) : 482 vaizampAyana : 224.225.226.227 vizAlApura : 478 Ti. vizuddhAnanda (svAmI,paramahaMsa) : 169,170 vaizAlI : 475,478 Ti. vizvakarmaprakAza : 243 vaizAlI bhavana (TikiyATolI,paTanA) : 469 Ti. vizvakarmA : 226,242,243,246,254,365 vyavahArasUtrabhASya : 514 vizvakarmIya zilpazAstra : 243 vyADi (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 vizvanAtha vyAsa : 113 (mahApAtra :kavirAjaH AcArya):8,81,1138,236, vyAsadAsa (kSemendra kA apara nAma) : 24 267, 275, 282, 'vrajaloka-sAhitya kA adhyayana' : 115 Ti. 522,555,559,560 kvinAthaprasAda varmA (DaoN) : 319 vizvAmitra : 225 zaMkara bAlakRSNa dIkSita : 181 Ti. . viSNukumAra : 414,476 zaMkarAcArya : 170,341 Ti,

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628 zaMkupatha zaMkhanadI : 469 zaktisaMgama (tantra) : 159 Ti. zaktisUtra : 170 zatadru (satalaja) : 469 zatapathabrAhmaNa: 336, 398 zatasahasrapAkataila : 213 zatasahasravedhI rasa : 218 zabdakalpadruma : 484 zambhu (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 zarkarAprabhA (dUsarI narakabhUmi) : 396 zarvavarmA : 17 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA : 450, 468, 524 zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra : 182 zAMkhAyanazrautasUtra : 365 zAMrgadeva : 268 zAMrgadhara (vRddha) : 227 zAMrgadharasaMhitA : 196 zAkalIya vAstupUjApaddhati : 243 zAkalya (muni) : 398 zAktatantra : 161 Ti. zANDilya (janapada) : 482 zAntinAtha (zAntisvAmI) : 396, 418, 421, 476, 491, 502,513 zAligrAma (janapada): 471, 481 zivanAtha jhArakhaNDI : 181 Ti. zivapUjana sahAya (AcArya) : 280 zizupAla : 477 zItA (sItA mahAnadI) : 391, 470, 471, 566 zItodA (mahAnadI) : 462, 470 zukarASTra : 471, 479 zuktimatI (nagarI) : 477, 478, 482 zukranIti: 224 zukranItisAra : 252, 257, 288 zukrAcArya : 124 zumbha-nizumbhA (vidyA) : 162 zUrasena - janapada (deza): 351, 471, 479, 482, 503 zRMgArahATa : 34, 271 Ti, 272 Ti 273 Ti, 583 zailodA (nadI) : 471 zaivatantra : 155,193 zaunaka : 243 zauri (janapada) : 479, 482 zyenamukhI. (vidyA) :. 168 zramaNabelagola (maisUra) : 463 zrAvastI : 453, 480, 481, 482 zrIjainavizvabhAratI (lADanUM) : 22 Ti. zrImatkAntivijaya : 67 zrImadbhagavadgItA : 202, 486, 486 Ti. zrImadbhAgavata (purANa): 4,84,93 Ti,98,99 zrIraMjana sUrideva (DaoN) : 14 Ti, 19 Ti 20 Ti, 23, 386 Ti. zreNika (rAjA : samrAT : bimbisAra) : 74, 76, 84, 110, 457, 473, 502 zvetaketu (uddAlakaputra) : 259 zvetapura (cecara) : 469 Ti. 'zvetapura kI khoja aura usakA itihAsa : 469 Ti. zvetavikA : 482 zvetA (janapada) : 471, 481 zvetAzvataropaniSad : 491. SaTkarma : 480 SaTkhaNDacakravarttI : 461 SaDdarzanasaMgraha : 484 Ti. sa saMkSiptasAra : 504 saMgItadAmodara : 268 saMgItapArijAta : 363 saMgItaratnAkara : 268, 268 Ti., 286 saMgItasAra : 363 saMghadAsagaNivAcaka : (AcArya : saMghadAsagaNI) : 6,910, 11, 12, 13, 14, 20, 22, 23 Ti.,

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zabdAnukramaNI 629 27, 28, 29, 32, 33,35,36, satyendra (DaoN) : 115 9,70,73, sanatkumAra : 243 74, 75,77,78-82,85,86, sanatkumAra (cakravattI) : 476 88, 94, 98-103, 107, saptarUpa (prAcIna gIta) : 269 109-116, 119-121,126, 128, 129, 131-136, 138, samayamAtRkA : 24 139. 143.14.147. 148. samarAMgaNasUtradhAra :243,246,246,247.249 Ti. 150, 152-154, 156, samarAiccakahA 161Ti, 162 Ti, 163, 171, (samarAdityakathA) : 9,10,82,514,523 172,179, 182, 184,185- samavasaraNa (dharmasabhA) : 361 192,195-199, 203-221, samavAyAMgasUtra : 155,242,257, 261,501 . 223, 225-236, 239 'sambodhi' (traimAsika) : 18 Ti. 254,260-265,269, 270, sammedazikhara (pArasanAtha parvata) : 378,462,464 272-275, 279-288, 290-299, 302, 305 - sayugvA raikva : 446 308,315-320,322, 326, 329, 330, 332-336, 338, sarpavidyA : 165 340, 342, 343, 345-363, sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha : 484 Ti. 364-368, 370, 372 sarvArthasiddhiTIkA : 486 378, 381-389, 393, 396, sarvauSadhilabdhividyA : 166 397,400,401,403,405 salilAvatIvijaya : 458,470 415,416,419,422,424427, 428, 432-434. sahasrarajanIcarita : 30 436-448, 451-461, sahasrAmravana : 381,385,386 463-467. 469-471, sahasrAracakra : 233,234 473-476 481-483, sAMkhyakArikA : 489,492,492 Ti. 485, 486, 488,489, 491, sA~cI : 384 492,494-496,499, 502, 504, 509, 514-518, sAketa : 477,482 520-525,528,529, 531, sAIbAbA : 169,170 532, 534-537, 542 34-537. 542- 'sAta' : 17 546, 549,551,553,555- sAtavAhana (rAjA) : 17,18,35,78 562,564,566,568-572, sAta sampradAya : 483,494 574, 575, 578-581, 584, sAttvika (rasAyanAcArya): 219 587,596 ... sAmaveda : 266,267 saMskRta-sAhitya kA itihAsa : 24 Ti.,26, 26 Ti., sAyaNAcArya : 180 - 35 Ti,36 Ti. 'sArthavAha' : 451 Ti.,452 Ti.,455 Ti,458 Ti, saMskRta-sukavi-samIkSA : 14 Ti.,19 Ti. 459 Ti.461 Ti.462 Ti.463 Ti, saMskRta-hindI-koza : 255 Ti,597 467 Ti.,469 Ti,471 Ti,477 Ti. satIzacandra mizra (paM.mizra) : 434,437,438 'sAhitya kA itihAsa-darzana : 7 Ti,21 Ti.

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630 vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA sAhityadarpaNa : 8,81,100 Ti,113 Ti,114 Ti, suzIlakumAra de : 26 266, 267 Ti, 275 Ti, 282 Ti, suzIlakumAra phulla (DaoN) : 120 522 Ti,525 Ti,560 suzruta (maharSi,AcArya) : 192, 193, 194,195, siMha (ziMga) bhUpAla : 285 196,198,202,203, 204,205, siMhadevagaNI : 500 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, siMhala (zrIlaMkA) : 448,451 , 211, 212, 214, 215, 216 siMhaladvIpa (deza) : 457,461,471,481,503. suzrutasaMhitA : 192,192 Ti,193 Ti,196,198, sikandariyA : 451 202 Ti,204,205,207, 212 Ti,214 Ti,377 siddhazilA : 397 sUtrakRtAMga : 375,484 siddhAntakaumudI : 256 sUrasena (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 siddhArthavana : 381 sUrAbA~dha : 472 sindhu (janapada) : 471,481 sUrya (RSi) : 171 sindhughATI-sabhyatA : 469 saryamatI (kazmIra kI rAnI): 24 sindhunadI : 469 sUryavijJAna : 169 sindhusAgarasaMgama (prAcIna barbara) : 469 sUryasiddhAnta : 171 sindhu-sauvIra : 482 silavA~ levI : 462 setubandha (kAvya) : 504 saimoNDa (aparAdha-vaijJAnika) : 438 sI.eca.TaoNnI : 26 somadeva (bhaTTa : AcArya) : 13,14,15, 20,24, sIra-dariyA : 452,469 26,27,28,29, 31,35,78,465 'sItA kI agniparIkSA : 110 'saundaryazAstra ke tattva':132 Ti, 537 Ti, 542 Ti, sukaccha (janapada) : 470,481 544 Ti, 546 Ti,547 Ti, sukacchavijaya : 458 554 Ti,555 Ti. suttanipAtabhASya : 464 saurASTra (deza :janapada) : 479 sudharmAsvAmI : 71,72,73,74,76,473,502 skandilAcArya : 503 . supratiSThita (nagara) : 16 sTenakono : 34 supratIka (yakSa) : 16 sTaiNDarDa DikzanarI oNva phokalora : 80 subandhu (nATyakAra) : 19 stambhinI vidyA) : 155,169 subhauma : 476 sthAnAMga (ThANAMga,ThANaM) : 22 Ti, 171, 194, suralojvalA (bhASATIkA) : 219 Ti. 195,203 Ti,, 241 Ti,336,375, suravana : 473 376, 384, 384 Ti, 385, 386, surAnanda (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 389, 393 Ti, 399,400,401 Ti, surASTra (saurASTra) : 471,479 439, 458,459,461,463,464, sulasA (parivAjikA) : 476 465,466,467,468,469,470, suvarNadvIpa (bhUmi) : 457,461 478, 522 Ti, 523 suvarNadvIpa (sumAtrA) : 448 sthAnAMgavRtti : 267,375,375 Ti. suvarNanAbha : 259 sphuliMgamukha (azva) : 370 .

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zabdAnukramaNI 631 smArtaraghunandana (AcArya) : 243 svacchandabhairavatantra : 219 svatantra kalAzAstra : 243 Ti,257 Ti,285 Ti. svayambhU kavi : 7 Ti,109 svayambhUrAmAyaNa : 109 svAti (saMgItakAra) : 365 svopajJavRtti (TIkA) : 20 haMsanadI (jayapura) : 470 haMsalakSaNa : 353,355 haMsavilambita (azva) : 370,379 hajArIprasAda dvivedI (AcArya) : 17 Ti,80,82, 115,148 hambolTa (pAzcAtya cintaka) : 319 hayazIrSa paMcarAtra : 243 haragovinda mizra (paM,TIkAkAra) : 454 hari (kSetra) : 459,464 hari (rasAyanAcArya) : 219 harinaigameSI (naigameSI) : 203,203 Ti,297 haribhadra (sUri : AcArya) : 6,9,10, 11,82,131, 153,523 haribhadra ke prAkRta-kathAsAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana : 68 Ti, 116 Ti, 117 Ti,146 Ti, 147 Ti. harivaMza (kula) : 386,403,478,479 harivaMzacarita : 11 harivaMzapurANa : 38,84 harivarSa : 385,457,478 hariSeNa (AcArya) : 38,151 Ti. hariSeNa (rAjA): 478 haTela (pro) : 4,24 harDara (cintaka):319 harSacarita : 15,82 'harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana : 286 Ti,355 Ti. hastinApura (dillI): 167,441,466,467, 476,481,482 hastyAyurveda : 220 hAtimatAI kA kissA : 30 hAthIgumphA-abhilekha : 516 hAribhadravRtti : 146,146 Ti. ' hAnale (DaoN) : 503 hAla sAtavAhana (rAjA sAtavAhana):6,14,16,504 hitopadeza : 308,534,534 Ti. hindI-vizvakoza : 224,227 Ti. hindI-vizvakoza (nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA): 227 Ti,243 Ti. hindI-samiti (lakhanaU) : 181 Ti. hindI-sAhitya aura bihAra : 280 hindI-sAhitya kA AdikAla : 17 Ti,83 Ti, 115 Ti,148 Ti. hindI-sAhitya kA itihAsa (satrahavA~ punarmudraNa) : 83 Ti. hindI-sAhityakoza : 80 hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTrecara : 28 hisTrI oNva tamila liTrecara : 30 Ti. hIgela : 257,554 hIrAlAla jaina (DaoN):6,6 Ti,68,68 Ti,55, 245 Ti,256,464,498 hUNa (deza : janapada) : 450,452,456,471,79 henarica jimmara : 132 hemacandra (AcArya) : 11, 19, 20, 25,29,38, 113,308,484,500,511, 572, 579, 593 hemacandra jozI (DaoN) : 500 haimavata (kSetra : patha) : 459,464,471 hairaNyavata (kSetra) : 459,464

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DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva janma : 28 akTUbara 1926 I0 : zumbhezvaranAtha dhaunI, ji0 dumaka (santhAla paraganA : bihaar)| zaikSika upAdhiyA~ : ema0 e0 (prAkRta-jainazAstra, saMskRta evaM hindI) svarNapadakaprApta; pI-eca0DI0; sAhitya-Ayurveda-purANa-pAli jainadarzanAcArya, vyAkaraNatIrtha, sAhityaratna, saahityaalNkaar| kAryakSetra : vIra-oiyArA ucca vidyAlaya (paTanA) meM saMskRta aura hinda kA adhyApana; bihAra-hindI-sAhitya-sammelana, paTanA kA kAryAlaya saMcAlana evaM sammelana ke zodha-traimAsika 'sAhitya' kA saha sampAdana; bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA meM upanidezaka (zodha evaM sampAdaka : 'pariSad-patrikA' (zodha-traimAsikI); prAkRta-jai aura ahiMsA zodha-saMsthAna, vaizAlI meM prAkRta ke vyAkhyAtA bihAra-hindI-sAhitya-sammelana ke sAhityamantrI evaM pustakAlaya mantrI / kRtiyA~ : 'gIta saMgama', 'bahuta hai' (kAvya); 'meghadUta : eka anucintana (samIkSA); 'prAkRta-saMskRta kA samAnAntara adhyayana' (samIkSA 'vasudevahiNDI : bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA (samIkSA)' 'agaDadattakahA (prAkRta-kathA : mUla-saha-hindI) ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta-viSayaka tIna vyAkhyAnoM va saMkalana; ATha jaina bAla-kathAkRtiyA~; 'akSarabhAratI' (saMskRta gdy-pdy-sNgrh)| aneka granthoM kA sampAdana evaM anuvAda pAryAntika, anUdita kRtiyoM meM 'vasudevahiNDI' (prAkRta dhUrtAkhyAna (prAkRta) tathA 'siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA' (saMskRta) ullekha viziSTa sammAna evaM puraskAra : 'vidyAvAcaspati', hindI-sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, (ilAhAbAda); 'vAGmayaratna', sAhityakAra saMsada, samastIpura (bihAra); 'sAhityamArtaNDa', kalA saMskR sAhitya-vidyApITha, mathurA; 'vidyAvibhUSaNa' bhAratIya zAstra samAda samiti, chaparA (bihAra), 'sAhityaratna', rAjasthAna hina sAhitya-sammelana, bIkAnera; 'sAhityika patrakAritA-sammAna bihAra patrakAritA-saMsthAna evaM saMgrahAlaya, paTanA, 'balinArAya rASTrabhASA-puraskAra', bhASA-saMgama, dumakA (bihAra) ityaadi| di. 28 pharavarI, 1995 I0 : bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTa (bihAra zikSA-sevA, saMvarga-1) ke upanidezaka (zodha) ke pada sevaanivRtt|

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