Tirthankar Mahavira aur Unki Acharya Parampara Part 1

Author(s): Nemichandra Shastri
Publisher: Shantisagar Chhani Granthamala
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090507/1

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tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 1 .

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tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA prathama khaNDa lekhaka DA~. nemicandra zAstrI, jyotiSAcArya, ema. e. pI-eca. DI. DI. liTa AcArya zantisAgara chANI granthamAlA

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Adya mitAkSara 'paramparA' zabda apanA vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai aura vizvake kaNa-kaNase sambandhita hai / paramparAkA itihAsa lekhabaddha karanA vaise hI kaThina kArya hai, phira zramaNa-paramparAkA itihAsa to sarvathA hI durUha hai| prasaMgameM jahA~ 'paramparA' zabda sana-Agama aura sadguruoMkA bodhaka hai, vahAM yaha prAmANikatAkA dyotaka bhI hai| paramparAgata Agama aura garuoMko sarvatra prathama sthAna hai| isIlie 'AcAryagurumyo namaH' ke sthAna para 'paramparAcAryagurubhyo namaH' kA pracalana hai| lokameM Aja bhI yaha paramparA pracalita hai / jaise gRhasthoMke vivAha Adi saMskAroMmeM paramparA (gotrAdi) kA prazna uThatA hai, vaise hI muniyoMke saMbaMdha bhI unako guru-paramparAkA jJAna Avazyaka hai| ___ bhAratameM muni-paramparA aura RSi-paramparA ye do paramparAe~ prAcInakAlase rahI haiM / aitihAsika dRSTise prathama paramparAkA saMbaMdha AtmadharmA zramaNoMse rahA hai-jik Jla mokSamArgadaH upadeyA / dvitIya parArAkA saMbaMdha lokadharmase rahA hai-RSigaNa gRhasthoMke SoDaza saMskArAdi sampanna karAte rahe haiN| RSiyoMko jaba AtmadharmazAnakI bubhukSA jAgnata huI, ve zramagamuniyoMke samopa jijJAsAkI pUrti evaM mArgadarzanake lie pahuMcate rahe / ' / sva0 DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI dvArA racita grantha 'tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA' meM zramaNa-muni-paramparAkA tathyapUrNa itihAsa hai| vastutaH 1. vAtarazanA ha vA RSayaH zramaNA Urdhvamanthino babhUvustAmRSayo'rthamAyaMste'nilAya macaraste'nupravizuH kUSmANDAni tAMsteSvanvavindana zraddhayA ca tapasA pa / taanRssyo| bruvana kayA nilAyaM caratheti te RSInavannamovo'stu bhagavanto'smin dhAmni kena vaH saparyAmeti tAnuSayo'bruvana-pavitraM no brUta penorepasa: syAmeti ta evani suktAnyapazyan / ' -taisirIya AraNyaka 2 prapAThaka 7 anuvAka, 1-2 'vAtarazAna-zramaNa-RSi karjamamthI (paramAtmapadakI ora utkramaNa karanevAle) hue / unake samIpa itara RSi prayojanaSaza (yAcanArtha) upasthita hue| unheM dekhakara vAtarazana kuSmANDanAmaka manyavAkyoMmeM antahita ho gae, taba unheM anya RSiyoMne zraddhA aura taparA prApta kara liyaa| RSiyoMne una vAtarazana muniyoMse prazna kiyAkirA vidyAme Apa antahita ho jAte haiM ? vAtarazana muniyoMne unheM apane adhyAtma dhAmasaM Ae hue atithi jAnakara kahA- he munijanoM ! Apako namo'stu hai, hama ApakI saparyA rAtkAra) kisase kareM ? aSiyoMne kahA hameM pavitra AtmavidyAkA upadeza dIjie, jisase hama niSpApa ho jaaeN| Adya mitAkSara : 7

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itihAsakI racanAke lie tathyajJAna Avazyaka hai / yattaHitihAsa itISTaM tad iti hAsIditi zruteH / itivRttamathetihAmAmnAyaM cAmananti tat // -- - AcArya zrI jinasena, AdipurANa, 125 'itihAsa, itivRtta, aitihya aura AmnAya samAnArthaka zabda haiM / 'iti ha Asota nizcaya aisA hI thA), 'itivRttam' (aisA huA - ghaTita dulA) tathA paramparAse aisA hI AmnAta haiM-ina arthoM meM itihAsa hai / itihAsa dIpakatulya hai| vastuke kRSNa-zvetAdi yathArtha rUpako jaise dIpaka prakAzita karatA hai, vaise itihAsa mohake AvaraNakA nAzakara, bhrAntiyoM ko dUra karake - satya sarvaloka dvArA dhAraNa kI jAnevAlI yathArthatAkA prakAzana karatA hai / arthAt dIpaka ke prakAzase pUrva jaise kakSameM sthita vastueM vidyamAna rahate hue bhI prakAzita nahIM hoto, vaise ho sampUrNa loka dvArA dhAraNa kiyA gayA garbhabhUta satya itihAsake binA suvyakta nahIM hotA / prastuta granthake avalokanase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vidvAnko lekhanImeM bala aura vicAroM meM tarkasaMgatatA hai / samAja inakI aneka kRtiyoMkA mUlyAMkana kara cukA hai - lobhA~ti sammAnita kara cukA hai| prastuta kRtise jahAM pAThakoMko svaccha zramaNa-paramparAkA parijJAna hogA, vahA~ grantha meM diye gaye TippaNoMse unake jJAnameM prAmANikatA bhI AvegI / zramaNa paramparA ke atirikta isa granthameM zramaNoMkI mAnyatAoM evaM jaina siddhAntoMkA bhI saphala nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha sabhI prakArase apane meM paripUrNa evaM lekhakakI jJAna-garimAko iGgita karane meM samartha hai | yahA~ lekhaka abhinna mitra DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyAjIke granthake prastuta prakAzana meM kie gae satyaprayatnoM ko bhI vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, jinake dvArA hameM prastuta granthake lie kucha zabda likhanekA Agrahayukta nivedana prApta huaa| vidvatpariSadkA yaha prakAzana kArya pariSadke sarvathA anurUpa hai| aise satkAryake lie bhI hamAre zubhAzIrvAda ! vidhAnandamuni 1. itihAsa- pradIpena mohAvaraNaghAtinA / sarvalokaghRtaM garbhaM yathAvat saMprakAzayet // - mahAbhArata 8 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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prAk kathana bhAratavarSakA kramabaddha itihAsa buddha aura mahAvIrase prArambha hotA hai / inameMse prathama bauddhadharma ke saMsthApaka the, to dvitIya the jainadharmake antima tIrthakara / 'tIrthakara' zabda jainadharmake caubIsa pravartakoMke lie rUr3ha jaisA ho gayA hai, yadyapi hai yaha yaugika ho / dharmarUpI tIrthake pravartakako hI tIrthaMkara kahate haiN| AcArya samantabhadrane pandrahave tIrthakara dharmanAthako stutimeM unheM 'dharmatIrthamanacaM pravartayan' padake dvArA dharmatIrthakA pravartaka kahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI usI dharmatIrtha ke antima pravartaka the aura Adi pravartaka the bhagavAn RSabhadeva / yahI kAraNa hai ki hindU purANoMmeM jainadharmako utpattike prasaMgase ekamAtra bhagavAna RSabhadevakA ho ullekha milatA hai kintu bhagavAna mahAkA saMkera taka nahIM hai jaba unhoMke samakAlIna buddhako viSNuke avatAroMmeM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / isake viparIta tripiTaka sAhityameM niggaMThanATaputtakA tathA unake anuyAyI nirgranyoMkA ullekha bahutAyatase milatA hai| unhIMko lakSya karake sva0 DaoN0 hani yAkobIne apano jaina sUtroMkI prastAvanAmeM likhA hai-'isa bAtase aba saba sahamata haiM ki nAtapUtta, jI mahAvIra athavA varSamAnake nAmase prasiddha haiM, buddhake samakAlIna the| bauddha granthoM meM milanevAle ullekha hamAre isa vicArako dRr3ha karate haiM ki nAtaputase pahale bho nigraMnyoMkA, jo Aja jaina athavA Aheta nAmase adhika prasiddha haiM, astitva thaa| jaba bauddhadharma utpanna haA taba nirmanyoMkA sampradAya eka bar3e sampradAyake rUpa meM ginA jAtA hogA / bauddha piTakoMmeM kucha nirgranthoMkA buddha aura unake ziSyoMke virodhIke rUpameM aura kuchakA buddhake anuyAyI bana jAneke rUpa meM varNana AtA hai| usake Uparase hama ukta anumAna kara sakate haiN| isake viparIta ina granthoMmeM kisI bhI sthAnapara aisA koI ullekha yA sUcaka vAkya dekhanemeM nahIM AtA ki nirgranthoMkA sampradAya eka navIna sampradAya hai aura nAtaputta usake saMsthApaka hai| isake Uparase hama yaha anumAna kara sakate haiM ki buddhake janmase pahale ati prAcIna kAlase nirgranthoMkA astitva calA AtA hai|" ____ anyatra DaoN0 yAkovIne likhA hai-'isameM koI bhI sabUta nahIM hai ki pAtranAtha jainadharmake saMsthApaka the| jaina paramparA prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadevako jaina dharmakA saMsthApaka mAnane meM ekamata hai| isa mAnyatAmeM aitihAsika satyako sambhAvanA hai|' prAka kathana : 9

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prasiddha dArzanika DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanne apane 'bhAratIya darzana meM kahA hai'jena paramparA RSabhadevase apane dharmakI utpatti honekA kathana karatI hai, jo bahuta-sI zatAbdiyoM pUrva hue haiM / isa bAtake pramANa pAye jAte haiM ki IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadevako pUjA hotI thI / isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki jainadharma vadhamAna aura pAzvanAthase bhI pahale pracalita thaa| yajurvedameM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrthaMkaroMke nAmoMkA nirdeza haiN| bhAgavata purAga ho isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jainadharmake saMsthApaka the|' ___ yathArtha meM vaidikoMkI paramparAko taraha zramaNoMko bhI paramparA ati prAcIna kAlase isa deza meM pratita hai| inhIM donoM paramparAoMke melase prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRtikA nirmANa huA hai / unhIM zramaNoko paramparAmeM bhagavAna mahAvIra hue the | buddhakI taraha ve bhI eka kSatriya rAjakumAra the| unhoMne bhI gharakA parityAga karake kaThora sAdhanAkA mArga apanAyA thA / yaha eka vicitra bAta hai ki zramaNa paramparAke ina do pravartakoMkI taraha vaidika paramparAke anuyAyI hindUdharmameM mAnya rAma aura kRSNa bhI kSatriya the / kintu unhoMne gRhasthAzrama aura rAjyAsana kA parityAga nahIM kiyA / yahI pramukha antara ina donoM paramparAoMmeM hai| kRSNa bhI yogI kahe jAte haiM kintu ve karmayogI the| mahAbora jJAnayogI the| karmayoga aura jJAnayogameM antara hai / karmayogIko pravRtti bAhyAbhimukhI hotI hai aura jJAnayogIko aantraabhimukho| karmayogIko karmameM rasa rahatA hai aura jJAnayogIko jJAnameM / zAnameM rasa rahate hue karma karanepara bhI karmakA kartA nahIM kahA jaataa| aura karma meM rasa rahate hue karma nahIM karanepara bhI karmakA kartA kahalAtA hai / karma pravRttirUpa hotA hai aura jJAna nivRttirUpa / pravRtti aura nivRttikI yaha paramparA sAdhanAkAlameM milI-julI jaisI calatI hai kintu jyoM-jyoM nivRtti bar3hatI jAtI hai pravRttikA svataH hrAsa hotA jAtA hai / isIko AtmasAdhanA kahate haiN| yathArthameM vicAra kara dekheM-pravRttike mUla mana, vacana aura kAya haiM / kintu AtmAke na mana hai, na vacana hai aura na kAya hai / ye saba to karmajanya upAdhiyA~ hai / ina upAdhiyoM meM jise rasa hai vaha AtmajJAnI nahIM hai| jo AtmajJAnI ho jAtA hai use ye upAdhiyA~ vyAdhiyA~ hI pratIta hotI haiM / ___ inakA nirodha sarala nahIM hai| kintu inakA nirodha hue binA pravRttise chuTakArA bhI sambhava nahIM hai / usIke lie bhagavAna mahAvIrane saba kucha tyAga kara vanakA mArga liyA thA / saMsAra-mAgiyoMkI daSTi meM bhale hI yaha 'palAyanavAda' pratIta ho, kintu isa palAyanavAdako apanAye binA nirvANa-prAptikA dUsarA 10 : tIrghakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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mArga bhI nahIM hai / bhogI aura yogIkA mAgaM eka kaise ho sakatA hai| tabhI to gItAmeM kahA hai yA nizA sarvabhUtAnAM tasyAM jArgAta saMpamI / yasyAM jAgrati bhUtAni sA nizA pazyato muneH // 'sana prANiyoM ke lie jo rAta hai usameM saMyamI jAgatA hai aura jisameM prANI jAgate haiM vaha AtmadarzI munikI rAta hai / ' isa prakAra bhogI saMsAra se yogIke dina-rAta bhinna hote haiM / saMyamI mahAvIrane bhI Atma-sAdhanAke dvArA kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA ke prAtaH sUryodaya se pahale nirvANa lAbha kiyA | jainoMke ullekhAnunAra usake upalakSameM dIpamAlikAkA Ayojana huA aura unake nirvANa lAbhako paccIsa sau varSa pUrNa hue / usIke upalakSa meM vizva meM mahotsabakA Ayojana kiyA gayA hai / usIke smRti meM 'torthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI mAcArya-paramparA' nAmaka yaha bRhatkAya grantha cAra khaNDoM ho rahA hai| isameM mahAvI aura unake bAda paccIsa sau varSoMmeM hue vividha sAhityakAroMkA paricayAdi unakI sAhitya sAdhanAkA mUlyAMkana karate hue vidvAn lekhakane nibaddha kiyA / unhoMne isa granthake lekhana meM kitanA zrama kiyA, yaha to isa granthako AdyopAnta par3hanevAle hI jAna skeNge| mere jAnate meM prakRta viSayase sambaddha koI grantha, yA lekhAdi unako dRSTime ojhala nahIM rahA / tabhI to isa apanI kRtiko samApta karaneke pazcAt hI ve svagaMta ho gaye aura ise prakAzameM lAne ke lie unake abhinna sasA DaoN0 koThiyAne kitanA zrama kiyA hai, ise ve dekha nahIM sake / 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unako AcAryaparamparA meM lekhaka ne apanA jIvana utsarga karake jo zraddhA ke sumana car3hAye haiM unakA mUlyAMkana karanekI kSamatA ina paMktiyoM ke lekhakameM nahIM hai| vaha to itanA hI kaha sakatA hai ki AcArya nemicandra zAstrIne apanI isa kRtike dvArA svayaM apane ko bhI usa paramparAmeM sammilita kara liyA hai / unakI isa adhyayanapurNa kRtimeM aneka vicAraNIya aitihAsika prasaMga Aye haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIrake samaya, mAtA-pitA, janmasthAna Adike viSaya meM to koI matabheda nahIM hai / kintu unake nirvANasthAnake sambandhameM kucha samaya se vivAda khar3A ho gayA hai / madhyamA pAvA meM nirmANa huA, yaha sarvasammata ullekha hai / tadanusAra rAjagRhI ke pAsa pAvA sthAnako ho nirvANabhUmikaM rUpameM mAnA jAtA hai / vahA~ eka tAlAba ke madhya meM vizAla mandirameM unake caraNa prAkkathana 11

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cinha sthApita haiN| yaha sthAna magadhameM hai / dUsarI pAvA uttara pradezake devariyA jilemeM kuzInagarake samIpa hai / DaoN0 zAstrIne magadhavartI pAvAko hI nirvANabhUmi mAnA hai| bimbasAra zreNika bhagavAna mahAvIrakA parama bhakta thaa| usakI mRtyu DaoN. zAstrIne bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvASAke bAda mAnI hai, unheM aise ullekha mile haiM / kintu yaha aitihAsika prasaMga vicAraNIya haiM / ___ unhoMne jaina tattva-jJAnakA bhI bahuta vistArase vivecana kiyA hai aura prAya: sabhI Avazyaka viSayoMpara prakAza DAlA hai| dUsarA, tIsarA tathA cothA khaNDa to eka tarahase janasAhityakA itihAsa jaisA hai / saMkSepa meM unakI yaha bahumUlya kRti abhinandanIya hai / AzA hai isakA yatheSTa samAdara hogaa| kailAzacandra zAstrI 12 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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Amukha bhAratIya saMskRtimeM Ata saMskRtikA pramukha sthAna hai| isake darzana, siddhAMta, dharma aura usake pravarttaka tIrthaMkaroM tathA unako paramparAkA mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai | Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se lekara antima caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unake uttaravartI AcAryoMne adhyAtma-vidyAkA, jise upaniSad -sAhitya meM ra 'parA vidyA' (utkRSTa vidyA) kahA gayA hai, sadA upadeza diyA aura bhAratakI cetanAko jAgRta evaM UrdhvamukhI rakhA hai| AtmAko paramAtmAkI ora le jAne tathA zAzvata sukhakI prAptike lie unhoMne ahiMsA, indriyanigraha, tyAga aura samAdhi (AtmalInatA) kA svayaM AcAraNa kiyA aura pazcAt unakA dUsaroM ko upadeza diyA / sambhavata: isIse ve adhyAtma-zikSAdAtA aura zramaNa-saMskRtike pratiSThAtA kahe gaye hai / Aja bhI unakA mArgadarzana niSkaluSa evaM upAdeya mAnA jAtA hai / 3 4 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra isa saMskRtike prabuddha, sabala, prabhAvazAlI aura antima pracAraka the / unakA darzana, siddhAnta, dharma aura unakA pratipAdaka vAGmaya vipula mAtrA meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai tathA usI dizAmeM usakA yogadAna ho rahA hai| 2. muNDakopaniSad 1 / 1 / 415 / 3. svAmI samantabhadra yuktyanuzAsana kI0 6 / ataeva bahuta samaya se anubhava kiyA jAtA rahA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA sarvAGgapUrNa paricAyaka grantha honA cAhie. jisake dvArA sarvasAdhAraNako unake jIvanavRtta upadeza aura paramparAkA vizada parijJAna ho sake / yadyapi bhagavAn mahAvIrapara prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza aura hindI meM likhA paryApta sAhitya upalabdha hai, para usase sarvasAdhAraNakI jijJAsA zAnta nahIM hotI / sobhAgya kI bAta hai ki rASTrane tIrthaGkara varddhamAna mahAvIrakI nirvANa rajatazaktI rASTrIya starapara manAnekA nizcaya kiyA hai, jo AgAmI kAttika kRSNA amAvasyA vora nirvANa saMvat 2501, dinAGka 13 navambara 1974 se kArtika 1. dharmatIrthakarebhyo'stu syAdvAdibhyo namonamaH / RSabhAdi-mahAvIrAntebhyaH svAtmopalabdhaye // bhaTTAkalaGkadeva, laghIyastraya, maGgalapadya 1 / Amukha 13

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kRSNA amAvasyA, vIranirvANa saMvat 2502, dinAGka 13 navambara 1975 taka pUre eka varSa manAyI jAvegI / yaha maGgala-prasaGga bhI ukta grantha-nirmANa ke lie utpreraka rhaa| ata: akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvatpariSadane pAMca varSa parva isa mahAn durlabha avasarapara tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unake darzanase sambandhita vizAla evaM tathyapUrNa granthake nirmANa aura prakAzanakA nizcaya tathA saMkalpa kiyaa| pariSadne isake hetu aneka baiThakeM kI aura unameM anyakI rUparekhApara gambhIratAse mahApoha kiyA / phalataH granthakA nAma 'tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcAryaparamparA' nirghAta huA aura lekhanakA dAyitva vidvatpariSadke tatkAlIna adhyakSa, aneka granthoM ke lekhaka, mUrdhanya-manISI, AcArya nemicandra zAstrI ArA (bihAra) ne saharSa svIkAra kiyaa| AcArya zAstrIne pA~ca varSa lagAtAra kaThora parizrama, addhata lagana aura asAdhAraNa adhyavasAyase use cAra khaNDoM tathA lagabhaga 2000 (do hajAra) pRSThoMmeM sRjita karake 30 sitambara 1973 ko vidvatpariSadko prakAzanArtha de diyA / vicAra huA ki samagra granthakA eka bAra vAcana kara liyA jAya / AcArya zAstrI syAdAda mahAvidyAlayakI prabandhakAriNIko baiThakameM sammilata honeke lie 30 sitambara 1973 ko vArANaso padhAre the| aura apane sAtha ukta granthake cAroM khaNDa lete Aye the / ataH 1 aktUbara 1973 se 15 aktUbara 1973 taka 15 dina vArANasI meM hI pratidina prAyaH tIna samaya tIna-tIna ghaNTe nanthakA vAcana huaa| vAcanameM AcArya zAstrIke atirikta siddhAntAcArya zraddheya paNDita kailAzacandrajI zAstrI pUrva pradhAnAcArya syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya vArANasI, DaoNkTara jyotiprasAdajI lakhanaka aura hama sammilita rahate the| bAcArya zAstrI svayaM vAcate the aura hamaloga sunate the| yayAvasara AvazyakatA par3ane para sujhAva bhI de diye jAte the| yaha vAcana 15 aktUbara 1973 ko samApta huA aura 16 aktUbara 1973 ko granthakA pahalA bhAga 'tIrthara mahAvIra aura unako vezanA' prakAzanArtha mahAvIra presako de diyA gayA, jo lagabhaga 9 mAhameM chapakara taiyAra ho skaa| prastha-paricaya ___ isa vizAla evaM asAmAnya granthakA yahAM saMkSepameM paricaya diyA jAtA hai, jisase granya kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai aura lekhakane usake sAtha kitanA ameya parizrama kiyA hai, yaha sahajameM jJAta ho skegaa| isa granthake cAra laNDa haiM-1. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA, 14 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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2. zrutaghara aura sArasvatAcArya 3 prabuddhAcArya evaM paramparApoSakAcArya aura 4. AcArya tulya kAvyakAra evaM lekhaka | 1. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA yaha prathama khaNDa 11 paricchedoM aura lagabhaga 640 pRSThoM meM samApta hai| isakI vivecya viSaya - sAmagrI bahuvaktavya evaM pracura hai| isIse isameM kaI pariccheda rakhe gaye haiM / ina paricchedoM kA varNya viSaya nIce prastuta haiprathama parizcheda: tIrthaGkara-paramparA aura mahAvIra isa pariccheda meM mAnava jIvanakA kyA mahattva hai aura usake lie dharma darzanakI kyoM AvazyakatA hai, isakA pratipAdana karate hue unake upadezaka tIrthaGkaroM kI paramparA aura isa paramparA meM hue Adya tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva, 21veM tIrthaMkara nami, 22veM tIrthaMkara nemi aura 24veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthakA purAtatvake AlokameM digdarzana, pArzvanAthako aitihAsikatA tathA torthaMkara paramparAko antima zrRMkhalA 24veM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrapara vibhinna upazIrSakoM dvArA vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai / dvitIya pariccheva janma-janmako sAdhanA isameM mahAvIrakA agaNita pUrva paryAyoMmeM pattana aura patanake bAda pichalI aneka paryAyoMmeM utthAna pratipAdita hai / pururavA bholako paryAya meM ve kucha samhalate haiM, kintu phira unheM aneka janmoMmeM gote lagAne par3ate haiM, suyogase siMhakI paryAyameM jo dazavIM pUrva paryAya thI, unakA utthAnakI ora jhukAva hotA hai| kanakojvala, hariSeNa, priyamitra cakravartIko paryAyoMmeM utkarSa karate hue jaba ve nandabhavameM Ate haiM, to tIrthaMkara prakRtikA bandha kara jIvanakI carama upalabdhi - tIrthaMkarapadaprApti ke bIja bote hai, isa sabakA rocaka evaM prAmANika varNana kiyA gayA hai / 7 tRtIya pariccheda: samasAmayika paristhitiyA~ : mahAn vicAraka evaM sampradAya isa pariccheda meM mahAvIra ke janmase pUrva deza aura samAjakI kaisI sthiti thI, rAjanItika vAtAvaraNa kaisA thA, Arthika dazA kaisI thI, vibhinna vicArakoM evaM sampradAyoMkI gatividhiyA~ kaisI ho rahI thIM, AdikA vizada nirUpaNa hai / caturthaM pariccheda: tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi, janma evaM kizorAvasthA isameM gaNataMtra vaizAlI, usake upanagara aura mahAvIrakI janmabhUmi, kuNDagrAma, vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke nAyaka ceTakaM, kuNDagrAmake adhipati aura mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha, mAtA trizalA ceTaka ora : siddhArthake sambandha, trizalAkA svapnadarzana, Amukha : 15 ,

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svapnoMkA phala-tIrthakara putrakA janma, deviyoM dvArA mAtAkI anavarata sevA / / mahAvIrakA janma, sumerupara indrAdi dvArA janmAbhiSekotsava, zaizavakAla, varSa . mAna, vIra, ativIra, sanmati aura mahAvIra nAmoMse sambaddha ghaTanAoMkA ullekha, kizorAvasthA meM saMjaya deva dvArA mahAvIrakI parIkSA aura usakI parAjaya, AtmonmukhI asAmAnya cintanadhArA, alaukika zArIrika zaktiyoM aura ucca evaM dRr3ha manobalakI upalabdhi AdikA hRdayagrAhI pratipAdana hai / paJcama pariccheda : yuvAvasthA saMgharSa evaM saMkalpa ___ isa ricchedameM mahAvIrake asAdhAraNa zarIra-saundarya, bala evaM yauvana praveza, mAtA, pitA aura parivArakA dulAra, janatAkA apAra sneha, unako vicAradhArA, pariNayakA prastAva aura usase inkAra, viraktikI ora jhukAva, AtmasvAtanyakI upalabdhi aura janakalyANake lie nigraMnya-zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa AdikA mArmika vivecana hai| SaSTha pariccheva : sapazcaraNa, sAbamA evaM kaivalyopalariSa isameM mahAvIrane girikandarAoM, bIhar3a vanoM aura khule maidAnoM AdimeM jo durdhara tapazcaryA kI, maunapUrvaka sAdhanA kI, aneka upasarga sahe, vighna-bAdhAoM para vijaya prApta ko, vicitra abhigraha lie, kedameM baddha candanA dvArA AhAra grahaNa aura usakA uddhAra karanA AdikA kathana karate hue mahAvorakI vItarAgatAsamupalabdhi, kaivalyaprApti aura kevalajJAnaprAptisthAnakA sapramANa nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| saptama parisacheda : gaNadhara, samavazaraNa, anya rAjanmavarga evaM nirvANa isa sAtaveM paricchedameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako kevalajJAna prApta ho jAnepara bho 66 dina taka unakA upadeza na honese utpanna lokacintA, indrakI catu. rAIse mahAvidvAn gautama indrabhUtikA mahAvIrakI samavazaraNasabhAmeM pahu~canA, mahAvorake darzanamAtrase usake ahavArakA dUra honA aura mahAvIrakA ziSyatva svIkAra karanA, zramaNa-dIkSA lete hI cAra samyagjJAnoMko prApti karanA tathA prathama gaNadharakA pada prApta karanA, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti Adi unake prakANDa vidvAn 10 bhAIyoMkA bhI mahAvIrase zAstrArthake uddezyase unake samavazaraNameM pahuMcanA aura mahAvIrase prabhAvita hokara unake ziSya honA tathA nimrantha-dIkSA grahaNa karanA, zrAvaNa kRSNA ekamako 66 dina bAda mahAvIrako gautama indrabhUtike sannidhAnase prathama dezanA honA, dezanA-sthala vipulagiripara prathama samayazaraNasabhAkA laganA, upadeza zravaNake lie lAlAyita asaMkhya nara-nAriyoM, 16 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya paramparA

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zu-pakSiyoM aura devasamahakA ekatrita honA, muni-AyikA-zrAvaka-zrAvikA ra paturvidha saMghakA saMghaTana karanA, pradhAna zrotAke rUpa meM bimbasAra zreNikakA samavazaraNa meM upasthita honA, zreNikakA kA paricaya na upalI aitihAsikatA, abhayakumAra, medhakumAra, vAriSeNa, candanA, celanA Adi rAjanyavargakA mahAbIra tIrthakarakI dezanAko sunane ke lie AnA aura vatAdi grahaNa karanA, divyadhvanikA bhASAvaijJAnika vizleSaNa AdikA sahetuka pratipAdana hai| ___ isI paricchedameM tIsa varSoM taka hue tIrthakara mahAvIrake bihArakA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa hai| mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa dezake kone-kone meM gayA aura janasAdhAraNako ahiMsAmRtakA pAna kraayaa| purANa evaM anya granthoMke AdhArase mahAvIrakI 86 sthAnoMpara dezanA huii| unako isa dezanAkA Azcaryajanaka prabhAva par3A / kriyAkANDa kama huA aura tapa, tyAga tathA Atma-sAdhanAkA pravAha pravAhita huaa| phalataH prasenajita, rAnI mRgAvato, vRSabhasena, adInazatra, subAhu, jIvandhara, caNDapradyota Adi kSatriya rAjAoM, indrabhUti, agnibhati, vAyubhati Adi brAhmaNa-vidvAnoM, vandanA, celanA Adi striyoM, aMjana, vidyuccara Adi cauryakarma karanevAle patitajanoMne tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake upadezoMko grahaNa kara AtmakalyANa kiyaa| ina sabakA isa paricchedameM aGkana hai| kusandha, azvaSTa, gAndhAra Adi sthAnoMkA bhI nirdeza hai, jahA~ mahAvIrane vihAra kiyA thA / paricchedake antameM mahAvIrake nirvANa aura nirvANa-sthAnapara vizeSa vicAra kiyA tathA madhyamA pAvA-vartamAna pAvApurako hI mahAvIrakA nirvANa-sthAna siddha kiyA hai| aSTama pariccheda : vezanA--jayatattvamImAMsA ___ isa paricchedameM mahAvora dvArA sarvaprathama pratipAdita jJeyatattvakI vicAraNA hai| jJeyakA anekAntasvarUpa, usakI utpAdAditrayAtmakatA, dravya, guNa, paryAya, jIca, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla ina chaha dravyoM, jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa ina sAta tattvoM aura puNya, pApa sahita nava padArthokA vizada nirUpaNa isameM hai| navama pariccheda : jJAnatatvamImAMsA isameM jJeyake adhigamopAyake rUpameM upadiSTa jJAnakA svarUpa, usake mati Adi pAMca bhedoM, unake bhI upabhedoM, pramANa, naya aura nikopakA vistRta vivecana hai / syAdvAda aura saptabhaGgIkA bhI sundara pratipAdana hai / vazama paricacheda : dharma aura AcAra-mImAMsA isa paricchedameM jIvanake utkarSake lie dharmakI anivAryatA, dharmakA svarUpa, Amukha : 17

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prAmANika vyavahAra aura vicAra, ratnatraya, samyakadarzanakA mahattva, usako utpattike kAraNa, usake bheda, ATha aGga, tona mUDhatAe~, ATha mada AdikA vizada vivecana hai / AcArake nirUpaNa-sandarbhameM zrAvakAcAra tathA munyAcAra donoMkA vistRta pratipAdana hai / ekAdazama pariccheda : samAja-vyavasthA isa ekAdaza paricchedameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA guNa-karmake AdhAra para pratipAdita samAja-vyavasthAkA digdarzana hai| samAja-vyavasthAkai pramukha ghaTaka parivAra, parivArakI sImAeM, dAyitva aura adhikAra AdhyAtmika sAmya, bhAvanA, netika vidhi-vidhAnoMkA nirdeza karate hue ahiMsA, satya, acauyaM brahmacayaM aura aparimaha para AvRta mahAbIrakI samAja-vyavasthA sarvadA aura sarvatra sukha-zAntijanaka, upayogI aura mahattvapUrNa hai, isakA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prathama khaNDameM tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanAkA pUrA paricaya upalabdha hai| grantha-yojanAke samaya yaha khaNDa 500 pRSThoMkA kalpita huA thA, kintu lagabhaga 640 pRSThoMmeM vaha samApta huA hai| 2. zrutadharAcArya aura sArasvatAcArya tIrthakara mahAvIrake siddhAntoM aura vAGmayakA avadhAraNa evaM saMrakSaNa unake uttaravartI zramaNoM aura upAsakoMne kiyA hai / isa mahAn kAryameM bigata 2500 varSoM meM lAkhoM zramaNoM tathA upAsakoMkA yogadAna rahA hai| unhIM ke tyAga aura sAdhanAke phalasvarUpa bhagavAn mahAvIrake siddhAnta aura vAGmaya nyUnAdhika rUpameM hameM prApta haiM / tIrthakSetra, mandira, mUrtiyAM, granthAgAra, smAraka Adi sAMskRtika vibhava unhIMke aTUTa prayatnoMse Aja saMrakSita hai / ina sabakA ullekha karaneke lie vipula sAmagrIkI AvazyakatA hai, jo yA to vilupta ho gayI yA naSTa ho gayo yA vismRttike garta meM calI gayI hai / jo avaziSTa vAGmaya, zilAlekha aura itihAsa hameM saubhAgyase upalabdha haiM unhIMparase tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI uttarAdhikAriNo paramparAkI avagati sambhava hai| ___ DaoNkTara zAstrone isa upalabdha sAmagrIkA AloDana-viloina karake jina AcAryoM aura unake vAGmayakA paricaya prApta kiyA hai unheM tIna khaNDoMmeM vibhakta kiyA hai / inhIM khaNDoMkA yahA~ paricaya prastuta hai / dUsarA khaNDa 'zrutabarAcArya aura sArasvatAcArya hai| isa khaNDa meM do pariccheda haiM-1. zrutadharAcArya aura 2. sArasvatAcArya / / 18 ; tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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prathama pariccheda: zrutazakArya isa pariccheda meM zrutadharAcAryoM kA paricaya nibaddha hai | zrutagharAcAryase lekhakakA abhiprAya una AcAryoM se hai, jinhoMne siddhAnta-sAhitya, karma-sAhitya, adhyAtma-sAhityakA grathana kiyA hai aura jo yuga-sthApaka evaM yugAntarakArI haiM / ina AcAryoM meM guNaghara, dharasena, puSAdanta, bhUtabali yativRSabha, uccAraNAcArya, AryamakSu, nAgahasti, kundakunda, vappadeva aura gRddhapicchAcArya abhipreta haiN| Arambha meM AcAryakA svarUpa, AcAryakA mahAvorake vAGmaya ke sAtha sambandha, zrutakA varNya viSaya, usake bheda prabheda evaM unakA sAmAnya paricaya ati hai | zrutake dhAraka AcAryoM kI paramparAmeM Adya AcArya guNadhara aura gharasenake vyaktitva, samaya-nirdhAraNa evaM vaiduSprapara prakAza DAlate hue guNadharAcArya dvArA racita 'kasAyapAhuDa' kA tathA varasenAcArya ke sAkSAcchiSya puSpadanta evaM bhUtabali aura unake 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai| AryamaMkSu, nAgahasti, vajra, vajrayaza, cirantanAcArya, yativRSabha, uccAraNAcArya aura kundakundAcArya ke vyaktitva, kRtitva aura samaya-nirNaya Adi para vizeSa vicAra karate hue kundakundake upalabdha granthoMkA vizada paricaya diyA gayA hai / paricchedake anta meM zivAyaM svAmikumAra aura AcArya gRddhapiccha tathA inakI racanAoM kA parizIlana nibaddha hai / dvitIya pariccheda: sArasvatAcArthaM isameM zrutavarAcArya aura sArasvatAcArya kI bhedaka rekhAoMkA aGkana karate hue svAmI samantabhadra, siddhasena, devanandi-pUjyapAda, pAtrakesarI (pAtrasvAmI), joiMdu, vimalasUri, RSiputra mAnatuGga, raviSeNa, jaTAsiMhanandi, elAcArya, akalanadeva, vIrasena, jinasena dvitIya, amitagati prathama, amitagati dvitIya, amRtacandrasUri nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, narendrasena, nemicandra muni, zrIdatta, kumArasena, yazobhadra, vaccasUri, zAntiSeNa, zrIpAla, kANabhikSu aura kanakanandikA jIvanavRtta, guruparamparA, samaya-nirNaya aura racanAoMkA vizada paricaya ati hai / isI pariccheda meM sihanandi, sumati, kumAranandi, vidyAnanda Adi AcAryoMkA bhI paricaya grathita hai / inheM lekhakane sArasvatAcAryoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai / sArasvatAcArya se lekhakakA tAtparya una AcAryoM se hai, jinhoMne prApta huI zrutaparamparAkA maulika grantha-praNayana aura TIkA - sAhitya dvArA pracAra evaM pragAra kiyA hai / isa prakAra isa khaNDa meM zrutadharAcArya aura sArasvatAcArya varNita haiM / unake dvArA racita vAGmaya bhI vivecita hai / Amukha : 19

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3 prabuddhAcArya aura paramparApopakAcArya isa khaNDameM bhI do paricheda haiM / inakA varNya viSaya nimna prakAra hai| prathama pariccheda : prabuddhAcArya isa paricchedameM DaoNkTara zAstrIne prabuddhAcAryo aura unakI kRtiyoMko saMkalita kiyA tathA unakA vistRta paricaya diyA hai| prabuddhAcAryase abhiprAya una AcAryoM se liyA hai, jinhoMne apanI pratibhA dvArA granthapraNayanake sAtha vivatiyA~ aura bhASya bhI race haiN| isa zreNImeM jinasena prathama, guNabhadra, pAlyakIti, vAdIbhasiMha, mahAvIrAcArya, bRhat anantavIyaM, mANikyanandi, prabhAcandra, laghuanantavIrya, vIranandi, mahAsena, hariSeNa, somadeva, vAdirAja, padmanandi prathama, padmanandi dvitIya, jayasena, padmaprabhamaladhArideva, zubhacandra,anantakoti, malliSeNa, indranandi prathama, indranandi dvitIya Adi pacAsa AcArya parigaNita haiN| ina sabakA paricaya isa paricchedameM nibaddha hai / inakI kRtiyoMkA bhI vistArase varNyaviSaya pratipAdita hai| dvitIya pariNacheda : paramparApoSakAcArya ___ lekhakane paramparApoSakAcArya unheM batAyA hai, jinhoMne digambara paramparAkI rakSAke lie prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA nirmita granthoMke AdhArapara apane naye grantha likhe aura paramparAko gatizIla banAye rakhA hai / isa zreNImeM bhaTTAraka parigaNita haiN| pAzcadeva, bhAskaranandi, brahmadeva, ravicandra, padmanandi, sakalakoti, bhuvanakoti, brahmajinadAsa, somakIrti, jJAnabhUSaNa, abhinava dharmabhUSaNa, vijayakoti, zubhacandra, vidyAnandi, mallibhUSaNa, vIracandra, sumatikIrti, yazaHkIrti, dharmakIti Adi pacAsa paramparApoSakAcAryoM kA paricaya, samaya-nirNaya aura unako racanAoMkA isa paricchedameM vistRta nirUpaNa hai| 4. AcAryatulya kAvyakAra evaM lekhaka isa caturtha bhAgameM una jaina kAvyakAroM evaM grantha-lekhakoMkA paricaya nibaddha hai, jo svayaM AcArya na hote hue bhI AcArya jaise prabhAvazAlI granthakAra hae / isameM cAra pariccheda haiM, jinakA pratipAdya-viSaya adholikhita hai :prathama pariccheva : saMskRta-kavi aura pranthAlekhaka isameM parameSThi, dhanaJjaya, asaga, haricanda, cAmuNDarAya, ajitasena, vijayavarNI Adi tIsa saMskRta-kaviyoM evaM granthalekhakoMkA vyakitva evaM kRtitva varNita hai| 20 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura dhanako AcArya-paramparA

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dvitIya pariccheva : apabhraMza kavi evaM lekhaka isa pariccheda meM caturmukha svayaMbhUdeva, tribhuvana svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, dhanapAla, ghabala, hariSeNa, vIra, zrIcandra, nayanandi, zrIdhara prathama, zrIdhara dvitIya, zrIvara tRtIya, devasena, amarakIrti, kanakAmara siMha lAkhu, yazaH kIrti, devacandra, udayacandra, raidhU, tAraNasvAmI Adi paiMtAlIsa apabhraMza kaviyoM-lekhakoM aura unakI racanAoMkA saMkSipta paricaya nibaddha hai / tRtIya pariccheda: hindI tathA dezaja bhASA kavi evaM lekhaka isameM banArasIdAsa, rUpacandra pANDeya, jagajIvana, kuMvarapAla, bhUdharadAsa dyAnatarAya, kizanasiMha, daulatarAma prathama, daulatarAma dvitIya, ToDaramalla, bhAgacanda, mahAcanda Adi paccIsa hindI kaviyoM aura lekhakoM kA unako kRtiyoM sahita paricaya aGkita hai / anya dezaja bhASAoMmeM kannar3a, tamila aura marAThI ke pramukha kAvyakAroM evaM lekhakoM kA bhI paricaya diyA gayA hai / caturtha pariccha eda : paTTAvaliyAM isa pariccheda meM prAkRta- paTTAvala, senagaNa-paTTAvali, nandisaMghabalAtkAragaNa-paTTAvali, Adi nau paTTAvaliyAM saMkalita haiN| ina paTTAvaliyoM meM kitanA hI itihAsa bharA huA hai, jo rASTrIya, sAMskRtika aura sAhityika dRSTiyoM se bar3A mahattvapUrNa evaM upayoga hai / isa prakAra prastuta mahAn granyase jahA~ tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra aura unake siddhAntoMkA paricaya prApta hogA, vahIM unake mahAn uttarAdhikArI indrabhUti Adi gaNadharoM, zrutakevaliyoM aura bahusaMkhyaka AcAryoM ke yazasvI yogadAna - tripula vAGmaya nirmANakA bhI parijJAna hogA / yaha bhI avagata hogA ki ina AcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para utpanna pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI tIrthakara mahAvIrakI amRtavANIko apanI sAdhanA, tapazcaryA, tyAga aura abhIkSNa jJAnopayoga dvArA aba taka surakSita rakhA tathA usake bhaNDArako samRddha banAyA hai / Amukha 21

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sva0 AcArya nemicandra zAstrI isa vizAla granthake lekhaka AcArya nemicandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya, ebhae. ( saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI ), pI-eca. DI., DI. liT, adhyakSa prAkRta saMskRta vibhAga haraprasAda dAsa jaina kAleja ArA (magadha vizva vidyAlaya) vihAra haiM / hameM apAra duHkha hai ki yaha yazasvo jyotirmAn vidvazakSatra vigata 10 janavarI 1974 ko asamaya meM asta ho gayA, jo apanI isa antima kRtiko prakAzita na dekha sakA / yahA~ unakA saMkSepa meM paricaya prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| ye hote, to unake isa paricayake nibaddha karanekI AvazyakatA na hotI / jIvana-paricaya lekhakakA janma pauSa kRSNA 12, vikrama saMvat 1972 meM rAjasthAna pradezake bAvarapurameM huaa| pitAkA nAma zrI balavIra siMha aura mAtAkA nAma zrImatI jAvitrI bAI thaa| Der3ha varSako avasthA meM hI Apake pitAkA svargavAsa ho gayA thaa| vidhavA mAtA jAvitrI bAI aura nAnA zrI jhaNDU lAlajI ke saMrakSaNa meM Apa pale-puSe eva miDila taka zikSA prApta kI / AcArya zAstrI bacapana se hI medhAvI aura tIkSNabuddhi the / Arambha meM rAjAkher3A (AgarA) ke kundakunda di0 jaina vidyAlaya meM sona varSa aura usake bAda syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya vArANasIma sAta varSa prAcya vidyAoM - prAkRta, saMskRta, dharmazAstra, sAhitya, nyAya aura jyautiSazAstrakA ucca adhyayana kiyA / AcArya zAstrIne jo zaikSaNika upalabdhiyAM prApta kIM, ve isa prakAra hai prAdhya. vidyA se sambandhita -- 1. nyAyatIrthaM ( di0 jaina) baMgAla saMskRta esoziesana 2. jyotiSatIrtha st anya 1. maiTrika parIkSA 2. iNTara - mIDiyaDa 3. sAhityaratna 3. kAvyatIrthaM " 4. zAstrI (jyotiSa) vArANaseya saMskRta vizva vidyAlaya 5. jyotiSAcArya " 1 " d " "} uttara pradeza borDa, prayAga 22 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA 13 " hindI vizva vidyAlaya, prayAga .... 1937 1938 1932 1941 1946 1940 1954 1943

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dvitIya parida janma-janmakI sAdhanA jIvanazodhana : satata sAdhanA eka janmako sAdhanAse koI tIrthakara nahIM bana sakatA / tIrthakara bananeke liye aneka janmoMkI sAdhanA apekSita hai / isa padakA pAnA sAdhAraNa nahIM / isake liye AtmAkA pUrNa vikAsa-paramavizuddhi Avazyaka hai| jIva ananta kAlase saMsArameM janma-maraNako paramparAjanya kleza-saMtatiko pA rahA hai| zarIrameM pramatva buddhi rakhaneke kAraNa use saMsArakI caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| mahAvIrake jIvako bhI agaNita kAla rAga-dveSake adhIna ho saMsAra-paribhramaNameM vyatIta karanA pdd'aa| unheM ahiMsAkA sarvAMgINa prAsAda nirmANa karaneke liye kaI janmoM taka sAdhanA karanI pdd'ii| svastha vidyArakA aMkura jIvanakI urvara bhUmimeM tabhI utpanna ho sakatA hai, jaba jIvanakI vikRtiyA~ samApta ho jAtI haiM aura satya kA Aloka dikhalAyI par3ane lagatA hai / tIrthakara mahAvIrako zuddha, buddha aura pracetA bananeke liye eka

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9 bhAgyaphala sAhitya-kuTIra, ArA 10. prAkRta-prabodha caukhambA saMskRta bhavana, vArANasI 11. saMskRta-prabodha suzIlA prakAzana, dhaulapura 12. purAne ghATa : nayI sIr3hiyA~ ___ ahiMsA mandira, dillI 13, bhAsa (Mornograph) madhya pradeza hindI grantha akAdamI 14. paNDita gopAladAsa baraiyA saMkSiptajhAko a0bhA0 di0 jaina vidvAriSad 15. AcArya jugalakizora : vyaktitva aura kRtitva a. bhA. di. jaina vi0pa0 16. vizvazAnti aura jainadharma jainendra bhavana, Asa 15. tIrthakara mahApaura aura unako Aparapara bhA0 di. jaina vi0pa0 sampAvana-anuvAda 1. vratatithinirNaya bhAratIya jJAna poTha, dillI 2. kevalajJAnapraznacUDAmaNi bhAratIya jJAna pITha, dillI 3. bhadrabAhusaMhitA bhAratIya jJAna pITha, dillI 4. muhUrtadarpaNa sAhitya kuTIra, ArA 5. riTrasamuccaya sAhitya kuTIra, ArA 6. ratnAkarazataka dezabhUSaNa granthamAlA, kAzI 7. dharmAmRta dezabhUSaNa granthamAlA, vArANasI 8. lokavijayayaMtra vIra sevAndira TrasTa, vArANasI 9. alaMkAracintAmaNi bhAratIya jJAna pITha, dillI 10. raghuvaMza (dvitIya sarga) jJAnadA prakAzana, paTanA 11. kumArasambhavam (paMcama sarga) motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI 12. pAiya pauja-saMgaho paDhamo bhAgo tArA yaMtrAlaya, vArANasI 13. pAiya gaja-saMgaho paDhamo bhAgo tArA yaMtrAlaya, vArANasI 14. pAiya paja-saMgaho vIyo bhAgo BP T C. prakAzana 15. varaiyA smRtigrantha akhila bhA0 di0 jaina vidvatpariSad 8. Proceedings of the Seminar of scholars in Prakrit and l'ali held at Magadh University, Bodhgaya 1971. patra-sampAdana 1. mAgadham (saMskRta) saMskRta-prAkRta vibhAga ha. dA. jaina kAleja, ArA 2. jaina-siddhAnta bhAskara (hindI) devakamAra jaina prAcyavidyA zodha saMsthAna, ArA (bihAra) 3. Jain Antiquary (English) 4. bhAratIya jaina sAhitya parivezana bhAratIya jaina sAhitya saMsad 24 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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jAtI hai / U~ca-nIca, raMka rAva, zatru-mitra, kRSNa-gaura Adike bhItara rahane vAlA bheda-bhAva samApta ho jAtA hai aura sAmya bhAvakA tUryanAda hone lagatA hai | ahiMsA, satya aura zAntikA Aloka sarvatra vyApta ho jAtA hai / tIrthaMkarake isa mahanIya padako prApti ekAeka sambhava nahIM hai| isakI prAptike liye aneka janmoMmeM ugra tapazcaraNa karanA par3atA hai| rAga-dveSa aura mohako jItane ke liye kaThora prayAsa karanA par3atA hai / saMyama aura dhyAnakI sAdhanA karanI hotI hai, sAtha hI kaSAya aura yogakA nirodha kara saMvara evaM nirjarAkI prApti karanI par3atI hai / vAstava meM aneka janmoM taka Atma-zodhanakA prayAsa karanepara ho yaha tIrthaMkarapada prApta hotA hai / atIta paryAyoMmeM mahAvIra : paribhramaNa mahAvIrake jIvane AtmotthAnake liye aneka janmomaM sAdhanA sampanna kI / manuSya aura tiryaJca paryAyoMke atirikta unheM narakAdi paryAyoM meM bhI paribhramaNa karanA par3A hai / tattvajJAna aura AtmAnubhUtikI prAptike krama meM kabhI ve pathabhraSTa hue, patita hue, to kabhI ve sAdhanAke ucca zRMga para ArUr3ha hue / yaha satya hai ki mahAvIrakA lakSya aneka atIta janmoMmeM bhI satyakI sAdhanA rahA hai / ve satya ke mUla svarUpako pakar3aneke liye saceSTa rahe haiN| unake atIta janmoMkI sAdhanA isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki paMtha yA sampradAyakI saMkucita dRSTi satyako sAnta aura khaNDita kara DAlatI hai / sAmpradAyika bhAvanA satyako vikRta kara detI hai / mahAvIrake jIvane jaba-jaba sAmpradAyika saMkucita dRSTikoNako apanAyA taba-taba ve sAdhanAke patha se vicalita hokara nimna mArgakI ora parAvRtta hue| AtmA zuddha svarUpako avagata kiye binA unakI sAdhanA saphala nahIM ho skii| ataH bhavabandhanoMse vimukta honeke liye Atma-niSThA, tattvajJAna aura AtmAcaraNa nitAnta Avazyaka hai / jaba taka karmakA AvaraNa vidyamAna hai, tabataka sAdhaka ke jIvana meM pUrNa prakAza prAdurbhUta nahIM ho sakatA ! I viveka aura vairAgyakI sAdhanA hI bhavabandhana se chuTakArA dilA sakatI hai aura yahI nirvANa prAptikA sAdhana hai / yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtma jyoti vidyamAna hai, pratyeka cetanameM parama cetana samAhita hai | cetana aura parama cetana do nahIM haiM, eka haiM / azuddhase zuddha honepara cetana hI parama cetana bana jAtA hai| karmAvaraNa ke kAraNa AtmA saMsAra meM bhaTakatI hai aura jaba karma bandhanoMse chuTakArA mila jAtA hai, taba vaha zAzvata sukhako prApta kara letI hai / mahAvIrakI atIta jIvana gAthA bhI aisI hai, jo mAnava ko mAnavatA kI ora agrasara kara paramAtmA banane kI preraNA deto hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 25

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48 varSIyA zrImatI suzIlAbAI aura ekamAtra 19 varSIya putra ciraMjIva nalina kumAra hai| kabhI hamane yaha kalpanA nahIM kI thI ki aise yazasvI, lokapriya aura sarvahitaiSI vidvAnakA yaha parivAra nirAzrita ho jAyegA | jo ghara AcArya zAstrIke mitroM, bandhuoM, chAtroM aura pracura mitra-adhyApakoMse bharA rahatA thA vaha sahasA rikta ho jAyegA, yaha kabhI vicAra nahIM AyA thA / yahI jIvanako sabase bar3I viDambanA hai / jIvanake sAtha saMyoga-viyoga usI taraha lage hue haiM jisa taraha sukha aura duHkha sampRkta haiM / yahI socakara dhairya, sAhasa aura vivekakI tripuTI mAnava-parivArako jIvana-pathameM saMbalakA kAma karatI hai / hamArA vizvAsa hai ki AcArya nemicandra zAstrI vinazvara zarIrase Aja bhale hI na hoM, kintu sarasvatI-sAdhanAse prasUta yaza aura kRtiyoMse ve amara haiN| unheM hamArI parokSa zraddhAJjali hai aura parivArake prati hArdika smvednaa| AbhAra isa vizAla grantho sUjana aura prakAzanakA vidvatpariSadne jo nizcaya evaM saMkalpa kiyA thA, usakI pUrNatA para Aja hameM prasannatA hai| isa saMkalpameM vidvatpariSadke pratyeka sadasyakA mAnasika yA vAcika yA kAyika sahabhAga hai| kAryakAriNI ke sadasyoMne aneka baiThakoMmeM sammilita hokara mUlyavAn vicAra-dAna kiyA hai / grantha-vAcanameM zraddheya paNDita kailAzacandrajI zAstrI aura DaoN. jyotiprasAdajokA tathA granthako uttama banAnemeM sthAnIya vidvAn pro0 khuzAlacandrajI gorAvAlA, paNDita amRtalAlajI zAstrI evaM paNDita udayacandrajI bauddhadarzanAcAryakA bhI parAmarzAdi yogadAna milA hai| pUjya munizrI vidyAnandajone 'Adya mitAkSara' rUpameM AzIrvacana pradAna kara tathA variSTha vidvAn zraddheya paNDita kailAzacandrajI zAstrIne 'prAkakathana' likhakara anugRhIta kiyA hai| __ khataulI, bhopAla, bambaI, dillI, meraTha, jabalapura, teMdUkher3A, sAgara, vArANasI, ArA Adi sthAnoMke mahAnubhAvoMne granthakA agrima grAhaka banakara sahAyatA pahu~cAyI hai / vidvatpariSadke karmaTha maMtrI AcArya paNDita pannAlAlajI sAgarake sAtha maiM bhI ina sabakA hRdayase AbhAra mAnatA huuN| vIra-zAsana-jayantI, zrAvaNa kRSNA 1. vI. ni0 saM0 2500, darabArIlAla koThiyA 5 julAI, 1974 adhyakSa bArANasI akhila bhAratavarSIya di. jaina vidvatAriSad 26 : tIrthakara mahAbIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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viSaya-sUcI prathama pariccheda tIrthaGkaraparamparA aura mahAvIra viSaya mAnavajIvana evaM dharma-darzana jainadharma aura tIrthaMkara paramparA tIthakara : vyutpatti evaM avadhAraNA mAnava sabhyatA ke sUtradhAra kulakara aura tIrthaMkaroMkA Arambha evaM saMkhyA vaidika vAGmaya aura tIrthaMkara aura RSabhadeva purAtatva tIrthaGkara nami tIrthaMkara neminAtha tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha itihAsake Aloka meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara paramparA : antima zRGkhalA - mahAvIra dvitIya pariccheda janma-janmakI sAdhanA jIvana-zodhana : satata sAdhanA atIta paryAyoM meM mahAvIra : paribhramaNa mUlyavAn : atIta paryAya pururavA paryAya : maMgala prabhAta mahAvIra : jaTilaparyAya : patanakI ora puSyamitra - paryAya : agatizIlatA agnisaha : haThayogakI sAdhanA vizvanandi: nayA mor3a tripRSTa-paryAya : cakravyUh pRSTha ' 3 4 14 15 15 15 19 21 * Z * * * **** 23 25 26 26 28 29 30 30 38 viSaya-sUcI : 27

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viSaya siMha-paryAya : punaH utthAnakI ora kanakojjvala-paryAya : udita hue sAdhanA-aMkura hariSeNa-paryAya : vikasita haI sAdhanA priya-mitra cakravartI : sAdhanAne aMgaDAI lI nandabhava : saphala huI kAmanA-tIrthaMkaratvakA bandha tRtIya pariccheda samasAmayika paristhitiyA~, mahAna vicAraka evaM sampradAya Arthika sthiti sAmAjika sthiti dhArmika sthiti akriyAvAda-pravartaka : pUrNakAzyapa niyativAda-pravartaka : makkhali gozAlaka jAda-pravarzana : ajitakSepa kambala anyonyavAda-pravartaka : prakruddha kAtyAyana vikSepavAda-pravartaka : saMjaya velaTTiputta caturtha pariccheda tIrthakara mahAvIrako janmabhUmi, janma aura kizorAvasthA gaNataMtra vaizAlI upanagara : kuNDanAma vaizAlI kRtArtha ho gaI sUkhe dharatIke A~sU trizalAkA svapna-darzana 1. gaja : tIrthanAyaka 2. zveta-vRSabha : satyapravartaka 3. siMha : ananta UrjAkA dyotaka 4. mandAra puSpamAlA : digdiganta yazaHsurabhi vistAra 5. lakSmI : indra-devendroM dvArA vandanIya 6. candra : amRta-varSaNa 7. sUrya : divyajJAna-prApti 8. jalapUrNa kalaza : karuNAkA prasAra 28 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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viSaya 9. matsyayugala : ananta saukhyakI upalabdhi 10. jalAzaya : saMbedanazIlatA 11. sAgara : hRdayako vizAlatA 12. maNi-jaTita siMhAsana : varcasva aura prabhutva 13. devabimAna : kIrti 14. dharaNendra-bhavana : abadhijJAna 15. ratnoMkI vizAlarAzi : anantaguNa 16, nirdhama agni : nirvANa puNya-camatkAra manoraJjanArtha : saMgIta, nRtya evaM citrakalA saMgIta kalA natya-kalA citra-kalA kAvyagoSThIdvArA manoraJjana paheliyoM evaM praznottaroMdvArA manovinoda khula gaye bhAgya vaizAlIke devoM dvArA janmAbhiSeka zaMzava tIrthakara mahAvIrako janmapatrikA aura grahasthiti tIrthaGkara mahAvIrake vibhinna nAma nirbhayatAkA pratIka : mahAvIra vairAgya aura niSkAmatAkA aMkura kizorAvasthAkI vicAradhArA alaukika zaktiyoMkA varaNa paJcama paricchada yuvAvasthA, saMgharSa evaM saMkalpa divya deha aura parAkrama janatAkA AhvAna mAtAkI mamatA vivAha-prastAva mAtAkA AzIrvAda 107 109 109 111 122 viSaya-sUcI : 29

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ra 124 127 129 130 viSaya mahAvIrakA anucintana pariNayabandhanase spaSTa iMkAra mAtAko vihvalasA yauvana aura gRha-nivAsa cintAdhAyugakI pukAra macala uThA trizalAkA mAtRtva lokAntikoMdvArA caraNavandana mAtAko sAntvanA caraNa cala par3e Atma-svAtanthyakI belA / aTThAIsa malaguNoMkA dhAraNa SaSTha pariccheda tapazcaraNa, varSAvAsa evaM kevalya-upalabdhi prathamavarSa-sAdhanA : sahiSNutA aura sAhasa mamatAkI jhopar3I kahA~ miTa gaye zala, bana gaye phUla dvitIya varSa-sAdhanA : sarpodbodhana surabhipurameM jyotividkI bhaviSyavANI aura cakravatitvake lakSaNa nAlandA : Atmazodhana gozAlakakA ziSyatva tRtIyavarSa-sAdhanA : cikArazamana mAnavatAkA zrRMgAra caturthavarSa-sAdhanA : kSamAko ArAdhanA gozAlaka : ghaTita ghaTanAoMke bIca nigranthatA : kalyANakA mArga sAdhanA aura zamAmRta paJcamavarSa-sAdhanA : kAyaMgalAmeM ghaTita ghaTanAe~ agnikRta upasagaMjaya sandeha-janya upasarga anArya-deza vihAra FEEEEEEEEEE 137 18 145 145 146 147 148 149 30 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI aacaary-prmpr|

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151 152 154 155 156 157 157 158 158 viSaya SaSThavarSa-sAdhanA : upasargapara upamarga vimelaka yakSakA cintana kaTapUtanAkA upasarga : asaMkhyAtagaNI karmanirjarA saptamavarSa-sAdhanA : Atma-darzana nRpatidvArA caraNa-vandana aSTamavarSa-sAdhanA : AtmodayakI ora ghora upasarga-jaya navamavarSa-sAdhanA : sAmAyika-siddhi upavAsapara upavAsa dazamavarSa-sAnA : saMyamArAdhanA tapasvarUpa : pariSkAra bAlakoMkA upadrava aura samatA kAyotsarga mudrA ekAdazavarSa-sAdhanA : AtmAnubhUti saMgamadevakA parIkSaNa aura vibhinna upasarga mopasinAraMvArA vaga-ndana adbhata camatkAra : phA~sIkA phandA TUTA saMgamadevakA parAjaya aura caraNa-vaMdana camatkArako namaskAra nivighna pAraNA sampanna dvAdazavarSa sAdhanA : vicitra abhigraha rAjA-rAnIko cintA bhAgyodaya huA candanAkA candanAkA apaharaNa bhilla saradArake gheremeM candanA candanAko vikrI saMdehakA bhUta khula gaye bandhana, milA ratnamaya upahAra candanAkI vandanA candanAkA milana anya upasarga : AtmadRr3hatA apsarAoM dvArA prastuta mohaka rAga-bhoga 170 171 172 173 viSama-sUcI : 31

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pRSTha 174 176 viSaya bhavarudradvArA pradatta upasargopara vijaya kaivalyopalabdhi kaivalya-prApti-sthAna : vibhinna mAnyatAeM maulika virodha jambhika yA jambhiya grAmakI avasthiti kevalajJAna : arcanA 178 179 180 181 183 14 186 188 190 190 saptama pariccheda gaNadhara, samavazaraNa, ziSya evaM nirvANa samavazaraNa : pIyUSavANAMkI AkAMkSA dezanA-avarodha aura indrako cintA somila aura indrabhUti indrabhUti gautama : bulA zraddhAkA dvAra nirAzA aura jijJAsA mAnastambhadarzana : mAnagalana aura ratnatraya upahAra anya gaNadhara : hRdaya-paribartana aura dIkSA agnibhUti vAyubhUti gautama : ahaMkAra cUra zucidatta : hRdaya-parivartana sudharmA : dIkSA aura Atmazodhana mANDika : Atmodbodhana mauryaputra : samyaktvalAbha akampika : rikta zraddhAkI pUrti acala milI sAdhanA medArya : jAgA viveka prabhAsa : puruSArtha jAgaraNa prathama dezanAsthala : vipulAcala caturvidhasaMgha-sthApanA pradhAna zrotA-theNika : samavazaraNako zaraNa zreNika; vaMza-paricaya zreNika : mithyAtva-timirakA dhvaMsa : samyaktvakA prakAza 32 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA 197 202 203 204 207

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209 221 223 233 242 viSaya itihAsakAroMkI dRSTi meM zreNika aMNika : pradhAna zrotA 210 rohA : badalA jIvana eka pravacanane meghakumAra : bilAsakA virAga vAripeNa : saurabha purAnI smRtiyA~ : nayI byAkhyAyeM abhayakumAra AyikA-saMghakI pramukha AcAryA : candanA calanA : bhakti aura tyAga huA Atmodaya 232 anya aneka rAjAoM dvArA mahAvIrako bhakti-vandanA 232 divyadhvani yA dezanAkI bhASA diyadhvani : sarvabhASA 236 samavazaraNa-vihAra 241 vaizAlI : ceTaka evaM senApati siMhakA dharma-zravaNa vANijyanAma : jitazatrukA namana 244 polAsapura : vijayasena aura saddAlaputrakA mohabhaMga 244 campA : kuNika ajAtazatru, dadhivAhana aura karakanDuko dIkSA "" 246 campA : aneka bAra samavazaraNakA saubhAgya karakaNDa-janma aura dIkSA zrAvastI : prasenajitako bhakti kauzAmbI : rAnI mRgAvatokI dIkSA evaM vRSabhasenakA digambagtva hastizIrSa : adonazatruke putra subAhukA vratagahaNa saugandhikA nagara : apratihatakI jAgI suSapta cetanA 253 hemAGgada deza : jovandhara : nirvANa-mArgake padhika kaliMga : vIrazreNi aura citrazreNikA pratagrahaNa baMgadeza : siMhatha-jAtismaraNa evaM naggatikA pratyekabuddhatva 261 suzmakadeza (dakSiNabhArata) : viddAjakI dIkSA matsya deza : nandivarddhanakA arcana-vandana avantI : caNDapradyotakA namana pAMcAla janapada : jana-abhinandana 266 dazANa : dazArNabhadrakA nirgranthala 268 viSaya-sUcI : 33 247 250 254 264

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viSaya suhya : kaNa-kaNa pulakita asmaka potanapura : prasannacandrako dIkSA kekayArddha janapada zvetambikA pradezIkA moha-granthi bhedana kurudezahastinApura : zivarAjarSi dravIbhUta purimatAla : mahAbalakA vandana varddhamAnapura vijaya mitrakA dharma-zravaNa vArANasI: jitazatrukA namana kAkandI : dhanya evaM sunakSatrakA moha- chinna sindhu sauvIra udAyanakA samyaktva-bodha kusandhya azvaSTa zalva trigarta pATaccara mauka kamboja vAlhIka yavanazruti gAndhAra surabhIru kvAthatoya tANaM kANaM karuNAkI paramajyoti prajvalita nirvANakI ora muktiparva: pAvApurako ora agaNita deva-mAnavoM dvArA nirvANakalyANaka- pUjana nirvANa tithi nirmANa sthala nirvANa sthala sambandhI bauddhAgama pramANa vartamAna pAvA sambandhI sAmagrI uttarAdhikAra 34 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI aAcArya-paramparA WATT BI *... .... www. **** yeonhab 269 269 270 273 275 275 276 276 277 278 279 279 279 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 982 282 282 283 285 288 290 291 295 306 310 311

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viSaya virAsatako upalabdhi aura vitaraNa jJeyasvarUpa-pravacana svarUpAstitva aura trayAtmakatA sAdRzyAstitva aura trayAtmakatA guNa : svarUpa aura bheda paryAya : svarUpa nirdhAraNa aura bheda dravya nirUpaNa jIvadravya : svarUpa Atma-siddhi jIvakI svatantra siddhi vyApaka evaM aNu AtmavAda jIva yA AtmA jJAnasvarUpa kartRtva : vivecana bhoktRtva : vivecana jIva : bheda-prabheda saMsArI jIva : bheda-prabheda aSTamapariccheda dezanA : jJeyataradha pudgala - nirUpaNa pudgala bandha- prakriyA pudgalake bheda skandhake bheda pudgala-paryAya bandha sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva saMsthAna bheda prakAza - andhakAra chAyA Atapa udyota pudgala ke anya meda skandha aura paramANu : utpatti-kAraNa ***I paTha 316 318 323 324 326 329 331. 332 333 336 337 339 340 344 345 346 349 350 351 351 352 353 354 354 354 355 355 355 356 357 viSaya sUcI: 35

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pRSTha 357 357 358 359 1 viSaya aNu : utpati paramANu : gatizIlatA pudgala : kArya dharmadravya : svarUpa vizleSaNa adharmadravya : svarUpa-vizleSaNa AkAzadravya : svarUpa-vizleSaNa kAladravya : svarUpa-vizleSaNa sAta tatva : svarUpa-vicAra aura bheda tasvanirUpaNa : prakriyA aura vidhi 1. Atmatattva : nirUpaNa (ka) Atma-bheda (gva) bahisanmA : svarUpa (ga) antarAtmA: svarUpa (gha) antarAtmA : bheda (Ga) paramAtmA : svarUpa (ca) jIvake gAva : svarUpa aura bhendra (cha) bhAvoMke bheda-prabheda 2. ajIvatattva : svarUpa 3. Asravatattva : svarUpa-vivecana (a) Asrava bheda aura svarUpa (aa| mithyAtva (i) avirati (I) pramAda (u) kaSAya (a) yoga 4. bandha 5. saMvara 6. nirjarA 7. mokSa karmasvarUpa karmako paudgalikatA AtmA aura karmakA sambandha mr mmmmmmmmmmm arr 372 373 374 374 374 375 376 oo 377 278 379 380 36 : tIrthakara mahAbora aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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381 382 383 383 384 388 389 391 391 viSaya karmake mala bheda bandhake bheda prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha sthiti aura anubhAgabandha prakRtibandhake bheda aura svarUpa karmaprakRsiyoMke uttarabheda karmoM kI sthiti anubhAgabandha karmaphaladAnprakriyA kamoka 10 karaNa |avsthaaeN) 1. bandha 2. utkarSaNa 3. apakarSaNa 4. sattA 5. udaya 6. udIraNa 7. saMkramaNa 8. upazAnta 9. nidhatti 10. nikAcanA / punarjanma janma-bheda yoni aura zarIra loka-svarUpa lokake bheda adholoka : svarUpa aura vistAra madhyaloka : svarUpa aura vistAra SaTakAloMmeM bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmi vyavasthA jyotiSo deva , varNana urva loka lokasthiti AdhyAtmika dRSTi : padArtha-vivecana 193 JAN AU . 395 397 397 395 402 404 406 407 407 viSaya-sUcI : 36

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viSaya navama pariccheda vezanA : jAnatattva-mImAMsA 412 416 417 458 4 jJAnakA svarUpa aura vyutpatti jJAnotpati : prakriyA atIndriyajJAnako kSamatA jJAna aura zeyakA sambandha tadAkAratA, artha aura Aloka kAraNatvakA vicAra jJAna aura anubhUti indriyaprAptikA krama mana : svarUpa evaM kArya zarIra aura manakA sambandha sannikarSavicAra cakSukA prApyakAritva-vimarza zrotrakA aprApyakAritva-vimarza jJAnake bheda jJAna aura pramANa-vimarza pramANasvarUpakA vikAsa prAmANya-vicAra pramANake bheda pratyakSa-parokSa : sAmAnya-nirUpaNa savyavahArika pratyakSa autpattika venayika kAmika pAriNAmika matijJAnake bheda-prabheda zrutajJAna pAramArthika pratyakSa avadhijJAna avadhijJAnakA viSaya manaHparyayajJAna 422 426 427 429 429 430 M 133 38 : tIrthaMkara mahAvora aura unako AcArya paramparA

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vivaca mana:paryayajJAnakA viSaya kevalajJAna parokSapramANa smRti yA smaraNa pratyabhijJAna sAdRSya-pratyabhiz2ameM ugamAnakA antarbhAva tarka anumAna sAdhana yA hetu sAdhya anumAnake bheda svArthAnumAna ke aMga dharmI : svarUpa nirdhAraNa parArthAnumAnake aMga anumAnake anya avayava hetubheda evaM prakAra hetuke bAIsa bhedoMkA sAmAnya svarUpa arthApattikA anumAna meM antarbhAva abhAvakA pratyakSAdimeM antarbhAva Agama pramANa : vimarza zabda aura arthaMkA sambandha pramANa - phala pramANAbhAsa hetvAbhAsa asiddha viruddha anaikAntika akiMcitkara dRSTAntAbhAsa sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa : bhedanirUpaNa vaidhadRSTAntAbhAsa: bhedanirUpaNa **** .... WIE INNY pRSTha 434 435 435 436 437 439 439 * 443 ph 442 445 445 445 446 4497 443 449 449 450 452 452 453 414 494 454 454 454 455 455 456 viSaya-sUcI : 30

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pRSTha 458 463 468 468 470 471 471 viSaya zAnasAdhana : naya nayasvarUpa sunaya evaM durnaya naya-bheda nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya nayoMke anya bheda-prabheda AdhyAtmika aura malanaya 1. naigamanaya 2. saMgraha 3. vyavahAranaya 4. RjusUtranaya 5. zabdanaya 6. samabhirUdanaya 7. evaM bhUtanaya syAdvAda saptabhanI pramANasaptabhaGgI evaM nayasaptabhaGgI saptamaGgoMkI siddhi prathama-dvitAtha bhaMga-siddhi tRtIyabhaMga syAd avaktavya-siddhi caturthabhaMga-siddhi syAdAsti nAsti paJcama bhaMga syAdasti-avaktavyasiddhi SaSThabhaMga syAmnAsti-avaktavyasiddhi saptama bhaga syAdAstinAsti-avaktavyasiddhi niSkarSa arthaniyAmaka nikSepa naya aura nikSepa nikSepakI upayogitA nidhopake meda 1. nAma-nikSepa 2 sthApanA-nikSepa nAma-nikSepa aura sthApanA-nikSepame antara 472 480 480 481 482 482 482 483 483 40 : toyaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AvAya-parampara

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viSaya 3. dravyanikSepa 4. bhAvanikSepa jIvana aura dharma dharma : vyutpatti evaM svarUpa samyagdarzanaH svarUpa- vivecana tInoM karaNoM kA upayoga samyagdarzanako utpatti ke kAraNa samyagdarzanake bheda aupazAmaka samyaktva kSAyopazamika samyaktva kSAdhikasamyagdarzana samyagdarzana ke anya bheda prazama savega dazama pariccheda dharma aura AdhAra-bhAMbhAMsA anukampA Astikya samyagdarzanakA sthitikAla samyagdarzana ke aMga niHzaGkita-aMga niHkAMkSita-aMga nirvicikitsA aMga amUDhadRSTi- aMga upagUhana - aMga sthitikaraNa-aMga vAtsalya aga prabhAvanA - aMga samyagdarzanake paccIsa doSa yA nyUnatAyeM AsthA sambandhI andhavizvAsa SaD anAyatana yA mithyA AsthAe~ .... .... FILL .... BALL yy 484 484 4815 48,7 492 495 501 502 502 503 503 503 504 504 504 505 506 507 viSaya sUcI : 41 495 496 49.7 497 498 498 499 899 499 500 y

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507 507 507 509 510 510 510 510 511 511 viSaya zaMkAdi doSa samyagjJAna samyakcAritra yA samyagAcAra paramapadaprApti hetu : AcArake bheda zrAvakAcAra 1. nyAyapUrvaka dhanopArjana 2. guNa-pUjA 3. prazasta vacana 4. nirbAdha trivargakA sevana 5. trivargayogya strI, prAma, bhavana 6. ucita lajjA 7. yogya AhAra-vihAra 8. Arya-samiti 9. viveka 10. upakArasmRti yA kRtajJatA 11. jitendriyatA 12. dharmavidhi-zravaNa 13. dayAlutA 14. pApabhIti zrAvaNake dvAdaza vrata vrata : svarUpa-vicAra aura AvazyakatA mala doSa aNuvrata 1. ahiMsANuvrata 2. satyANuvrata 3. acauryANavata 4. svadArasantoSa-brahmacaryANavata 5. parignaharimANa-aNuvrata guNavata aura zikSAprata 1. digvata 2. dezAbakAzika vrata 3. anarthadaNDavata 512 515 515 520 522 522 522 42 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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viSaya 1. proSadhopavAsa 2. bhogopabhoga parimANa 3. atithi saMvibhAga 4. sallekhanAvrata zrAvakake dainika paTkarma 1. deva pUjA 2. guru-bhakti 3. svAdhyAya 4. saMyama 5. tapa 6. dAna zrAvakAcAra vikAsakI sIr3hiya 1. darzana - pratimA 2. vrata - pratimA 3. sAmAyika pratimA 4. proSadha - pratimA 5. sacittavirata - pratimA 6. divA maMthuratyAga yA rAtribhuktityAga- pratimA 7. brahmacarya - pratimA 8. ArambhatyAga - pratimA 9. parigrahatyAga-pratimA 10. anumAMttatyAga - pratibhA 11. uddiSTatyAga pratimA munyAcAra yA sAdhvAcAra 1-5 paMca mahAvrata 6-10 pAMca samitiyA~ 11-15 paMcendriya-nigraha 16- 21 SaDAvazyaka 12-28 doSa sAta guNa sAdhukA anya AcAra 12 anuprekSA 5 cAritra www. www. pRSTha .... 523 523 524 524 525 525 525 526 526 527 527 527 527 527 528 528 528 528 529 529 529 529 530 531 531 531 531 532 533 535 viSaya-sUcI : 43 530 530

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zivaya 1. sAmAyika cAritra 2. chedopasthApanAcAritra 3. parihAravizuddhicAritra 4. sUkSmasAmparAyacAritra 5. yathA khyAta cAritra 12 tapa 6 bAhya tapa 6 Abhyantara tapa dhyAna dhyAnake bheda 1. ArttadhyAna 2. raudra dhyAna 3. dharmavyAna 4. zukladhyAna piNDasthadhyAna padastha dhyAna rUpastha dhyAna rUpastIta AdhyAtmika utkrAnti guNasthAna 1. midhyAdRSTi 2. sAsAdana 3. mizra 4. avirata samyagdRSTi 5. saMyatAsaMyata 6. pramattasaMyata 7. apramattasaMghata 8. apUrvakaraNa 9. anivRttikaraNa 10. sUkSmasAmparAya 11. upazAntamoha 12. kSINamoha 13. sayogakevalI 14. jayogakevalI 44 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA !! pRSTha 535 535 535 535 535 536 536 536 538 538 538 539 539 540 40 942 542 542 543 544 544 545 545 545 546 546 546 545 546 547 547 547 547

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ekAdaza pariccheda samAja-vyavasthA viSaya 550 579 581 pRSTha samAja : vyutpatti evaM arthavistAra samAjako utpatti ke kAraNa 551 samAjaghaTaka parivAra 552 parivArake sAta guNa 554 samAjagaThanakI AdhArabhUta bhAvanAeM 569 samAjadharma : pRSThabhUmi 572 sAmAjika naitikatAkA AdhAra : AtmanirIkSaNa 577 samAjadharma kI pahalI sAr3I : vicAra-samanvaya udAraSTi .... samAjadharmakI dUsarI sIr3hI : vizvaprema aura niyaMtraNa samAjadharmakI dUsarI sIr3hIke lie sahAyaka 582 samAjagharmakI tIsarI sIr3hI : Arthika santulana 583 parigraha-parimANa : Arthika saMyamana 584 tIsarI sIr3hIkA poSaka : saMyamavAda samAjadharmakI cauthI sIr3hI : ahiMsAkI virAT bhAvanA 587 samAjadharmako pA~cavIM sIr3hI : satya yA kUTanItityAga samAjadharmakI chaThI sIr3hI : asteya bhAvanA samAjadharmako sAtavIM sor3hI : bhogavAsanA-niyaMtraNa 591 adhyAtma-samAjavAda 523 vyakti aura samAja : anyonyAzraya sambandha 596 sAmAjika saMsthAeM evaM samAjameM nArIkA sthAna 597 saMsthA : svarUpa aura prakAra tIrthakara mahAvorako samAjavyavasthAkI upayogitA upasaMhAra mahAvIra : vyaktitva-vizleSaNa kAMcanakAyA 604 karmayogI 605 adbhata sAhasI lora-pradIpa viSaya-sUcI : 45 600

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prathama pariccheda tIrthaMkara - paramparA aura mahAvIra mAnavajIvana evaM dharma-darzana dharma aura darzana mAnavajIvana ke liye Avazyaka hI nahIM, apitu anivArya haiM / jaba mAnava cintana- sAgara meM nimagna hotA hai, taba darzanakA aura jaba usa cintanakA apane jIvanameM upayoga yA prayoga karatA hai, taba dharmakI utpatti hotI hai / mAnavajIvanakI vibhinna samasyAoMke samAdhAna hetU dharma aura darzanakA janma huA hai / dharma aura darzana paraspara meM sApekSa haiM, eka dUsareke pUraka haiM / cintakoMne dharma buddhi, bhAvanA aura kriyA ye tIna tasva mAne haiN| buddhise jJAna, bhAvanAse zraddhA aura kriyA se AcAra apekSita hai| jaina dRSTimeM isIko samyak zraddhA, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra kahA jAtA hai / kANTane dharmako vyAkhyA karate hue jJAna aura kriyAko mahattva diyA hai| mArTinyUne dharmake antargata vizvAsa, vicAra aura AcAra ina tonoMkA samanvaya mAnA hai / prakArAntarase inheM bhakti, jJAna aura karma kahA jA sakatA hai / : 1 :

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dharma-darzanakA viSaya sampUrNa vizvase sambaddha hai / vizva ke kisI bhI pradezakA mAnava ina donoMke abhAva meM apanI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prApta nahIM kara sakatA aura na jIvanako gatizIla ho banA sakatA hai| bhautikatAse kala kara vizvakA pratyeka manuSya AdhyAtmikatAkI zaraNa meM pahu~catA hai aura dharma-darzana ke AzrayameM hI use zAnti lAbha hotA hai| darzana mAnavakI anubhUtiyoMkI tarkapurassara vyAkhyA kara sampUrNa vizvake AdhArabhUta siddhAntokA anveSaNa karatA hai| dharma AdhyAtmika mUlyoM dvArA sampUrNa vizvakA vivecana karatA hai| jIvanake vividha mUlyoMkA nirdhAraNa aura unakI upalabdhikA sAdhana dharma-darzana hI hai| ye donoM mAnavIya jJAnakI yogyatA, kyArthatA tathA caramopalabdhi meM vizvAsa karate haiN| darzana meM bauddhikatAko AvazyakatA hai, to dharmama AdhyAtmikatAkI / AtmaniSThA. viveka aura AtmaniSTha AcAra vyaktike vyaktitva vikAsake mAnadaMDa haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se dharma-darzanakI utpattikA patA lagAnA asambhava hai / isake liye prAga aitihAsika kAlakI sAmagrIkA vivecana Avazyaka hai / anAdi kAla se mAnava, mAnavatA kI pratiSThA ke liye dharma-darzanakA prayoga karatA A rahA hai| isa vizva meM dharma-darzanakA svarUpa nirdhAraNa karane ke hetu vItarAga netA yA tIrthakara janma grahaNa karate haiN| vartamAna kalpakAlameM caubIsa tIrthakara hue haiM, jinameM antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra haiM / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrase pUrva dharma-darzana ke vyAkhyAtA teIsa tIrthaMkara aura ho cuke haiN| jinhoMne mukti-sAdhanA evaM prakRtike vibhinna rahasyoMkI vyAkhyAeM kI haiM aura mAnava jIvanako sundara, sarasa, madhura evaM vyavasthita banAne kA upadeza diyA hai| pratyeka kalpakAlameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMkI paramparA Arambha hotI hai aura yahI paramparA vicchinna hote hue samatA aura ahiMsAmaya dharmako vyAkhyA karatI hai / vyaktiko sattA, svAdhInatA aura saha-astitva kI bhAvanAkA pravarttana tIrthaMkaroM dvArA ho hotA hai / sahiSNutA, udAratA aura dhairya ke santulana ke sAtha vaijJAnika satyAnveSaNa kI paramparAkA prAdurbhAva bhI tIrthakaroM dvArA hI saMbhava hai / tIrthaMkara paramparAbAdI yA rUr3hivAdI nahIM hote / unako cintana-paddhati sahiSNu, kAntiniSTha aura pragatizIla hotI hai / ve pratyeka yugameM dhArmika antara virodhoMko racanAtmaka mor3a dete haiM, aura apanI svastha cintana-prakriyA dvArA ahiMsA, samatA, sahiSNutA AdikI upAsanA karate haiM / syAdvAda yA anekAnta udAra cintana-paddhattike mAdhyama se sarvadharmasamabhAvako sAkAra karane kA yatna to karate hI haiM, sAtha hI andhavizvAsoM aura rUr3hiyoMkA unmUlana bhI karate haiM / nara nArAyaNakI pratiSThA dvArA pratyeka vyaktiko paramAtmA banane kI preraNA dete 2 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-parabhAga

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haiM / tIrthaMkaroMke sandezase pratyeka prANI apane bhAgyakA vidhAtA bana satata puruSArtha dvArA paramAtmatattvako prApta kara sakatA hai / yaha tattva sahaja hai, duSprApya haiM, para aprApya nahIM / bhIru rahanevAlA paramAtmatattvako prApta nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra tIrthaMkaroMne mAnava jIvanako pratyeka kriyAko ahiMsA mApadaMDa dvArA mApA hai| jo kiyA ahiMsAmUlaka hai, rAgadveSa aura pramAdase rahita hai, vaha samyak hai aura jo hiMsAmUlaka hai vaha mithyA hai| mithyA kriyA karma -bandhanakA kAraNa haiM aura samyaka kriyA karmakSayakA / dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnAmeM ho ahiMsA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, apitu jIvanake dainika vyavahAra meM bhI ahiMsA kI AvazyakatA hai ! tIrthaMkara apane AcAra aura vicArase pArthiva jIvanako apArthiva to banAte hI haiM, sAtha hI AtmasAdhanAkA eka vizuddha aura suparIkSita mArga bhI nirdhArita kara dete haiN| ye satyake anveSaNa, AtmasAkSAtkAra evaM sulajhI huI antardRSTi dvArA mAnavatAkI pratiSThA karate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, apitu jJAna, vijJAna, sadAcAra, AsthA aura AtmazodhanakI prakriyA bhI prastuta karate haiN| ye jIvana ke samyaktvA upadeza dete haiM aura manako nirmala banAnekA upAya batalAte haiM / vAstavameM tIrthaMkaroMkI yaha paramparA sudUra prAcInakAlase calI A rahI hai | jainadharma aura tIrthaMkara-paramparA jainadharma meM mAnya tIrthaMkaroMkA astitva vaidika kAlake pUrva bhI vidyamAna thA | itihAsa isa paramparAke mUla taka nahIM pahu~ca sakA hai| upalabdha purAtattvasambandhI tathyoMke niSpakSa vizleSaNase yaha nirvivAda siddha ho jAtA hai ki tIrthakaroMkI paramparA anAdikAlIna hai| vaidika vAGmaya meM vAta- razanAmuniyoM, kezImuni aura vrAtya kSatriyoMke ullekha Aye haiM, jinase yaha spaSTa hai ki puruSArthapara vizvAsa karanevAle dharma ke pragatizIla vyAkhyAtA tIrthaMkara prAga aitihAsika kAla meM bhI vidyamAna the / mohana-jo-dar3oM ke khaDaharoMse prApta yogIzvara RSabhakI kAyotsarga mudrA isakA jIvanta pramANa hai / yahA~se upalabdha anya purAtattva sambandhI sAmagrI bhI tIrthakara paramparAkI puSTi karatI hai / vaidika saMskRti meM hI vedoMkane sarvopari mahasva dekara mAnava jJAnakI pUrNa pratiSThA nahIM huI hai, apitu zramaNasaMskRti meM bhI vItarAga, hitopadezI aura sarvajJa tIrthaMkarakI pratiSThA kara mAnavatAko mahattva pradAna kiyA hai| dIpaka svayaM prakAzita hotA hai aura darpaNa svabhAvataH svarUpAvalokanakA avasara pradAna karatA hai / isI prakAra tIrthaMkara bhI samasta AmuSmikatAoMse Upara uThakara mAnavatAkA sandeza dete haiM / inameM rAma-dveSakA sparza bhI nahIM rahatA aura inakA jJAna itanA nirmala ho jAtA hai ki usameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 3

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sampUrNa carAcara jagat pratibhAsita hotA hai| mRdaMgakI dhvanike samAna tIrthakarakI divyadhvani bhI nitAnta nispRha tathA parama lokopakArI hotI hai| tIrthakara : vyutpatti evaM avadhAraNA tIrthakarazabda tIrtha upapada kRJ + apse banA hai / isakA artha hai jo tIrthadharmakA pracAra kare vaha tIrthaMkara hai| tIrthazabda bhI/tR + thakse niSpanna hai| zabdakalpadrumake anusAra 'tarasi pApAvikaM yasmAt iti tIryam' athavA 'tarati saMsAramahArNavaM ghena tat tIrtham' arthAt jisake dvArA saMpAranahAya yA pAkose pAra huA jAya, vaha tIrtha hai / isa zabdakA abhidhAgata artha ghATa, setu yA guru hai aura lAkSaNika artha dharma hai| tIrthakara vastutaH kisI navIna sampradAya yA dharmakA pravartana nahIM karate ve anAdinidhana AtmadharmakA svayaM sAkSAtkAra kara dItarAgabhAvase usakI punavyAkhyA yA pravacana karate haiM 1 tIrthaMkarako mAnavasabhyatAkA saMsthApaka netA mAnA gayA hai| ye aise zalAkApuruSa haiM, jo sAmAjika cetanAkA vikAsa karate haiM aura mokSa-mArgakA pravartana karate haiN| tIrthakA artha 'pula' yA 'setu' hai / kitanI hI bar3I nadI kyoM na ho, setu dvArA nirbala-se-nirbala vyakti bhI use sugamatAse pAra kara sakatA hai / tIrthaMkaroMne saMsArarUpI saritAko pAra karaneke liye dharmazAsanarUpI setukA nirmANa kiyA hai / isa dharmazAsanake anuSThAna dvArA AdhyAtmika sAdhanAkara jIvanako parama pavitra aura mukta banAyA jA sakatA hai| __ tIrthazabda 'ghATa' ke arthameM bhI vyavahRta hai| jo ghATake nirmAtA haiM, ve tIrthakara kahalAte haiM / saritAko pAra karaneke liye ghATakI sArvajanIna upayogitA spaSTa hai / saMsArarUpI eka mahAnadI hai / isameM krodha, mAna, mAyAdike vikArarUpa magara-matsya mu~ha phAr3e khar3e hue haiN| kahIMpara mAyAke viSaile sarpa phutkAra karate haiM. to kahIMpara lobhake bhaMvara vidyamAna haiN| ina samasta bAdhAoMse mukti prApta karane ke liye tIrthakara dharma-ghATakA nirmANa karate haiN| isa dharmakA anuSThAna aura sAdhanAkara pratyeka sAdhaka saMsArarUpI nadIse pAra ho sakatA hai| Agama batalAtA hai ki atItake anantakAlameM ananta tIrthakara hue haiM / vartamAnameM RSabhAdi caturvizati tIrthaMkara haiM aura bhaviSyata meM bhI caturviti 1. anAtmArtha vinA rAgaiH zAstA zAsti sato hitam / dhvaman gilpikarasparzAn murajaH kimapekSate / / -A. samantabhadra : ratnakathA, zloka. 8. 4 : tIyaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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tIrthakara hoNge| ye bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyatkAlake sabhI tIrthaMkara dharmake mUla stambhasvarUpa zAzvata satyoMkA samAnarUpase prarUpaNa karate rahe haiM, kara rahe haiM aura karate raheMge / dharmake mUla tatvoMke nirUpaNameM eka tIrthakarase dUsare tIrthakarakA kiMcinmAtra bhI bheda na kabhI rahA hai aura na kabhI rhegaa| para pratyeka tIrthakara apane-apane samayameM deza, kAla, janamAnasakI RjutA, tatkAlIna mAnavakI zakti, buddhi, sahiSNutA Adiko dhyAnameM rakhate hue usa kAlake mAnavake anurUpa dharma-darzanakA pravanana karate haiM / dezakAlake prabhAvase jaba tIrtha meM nAnAprakArako vikRtiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiM, aneka bhrAntiyA~ panapane lagatI haiM aura tIrtha, vilupta, vizRMkhalita evaM zithila hone lagatA hai, usa samaya dUsare tIrthakarakA samudbhava hotA hai aura ve vizaddharUpeNa navIna tIrthako sthApanA karate haiN| ata: ve tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| dharmake prANabhUta siddhAnta jyoM-ke-tyoM rUpameM upadiSTa kiye jAte haiM | kevala bAhya kriyAoM evaM AcAra-vyavahAra AdimeM hI kiMcit antara AtA hai / jaba purAne ghATa Dhaha jAte haiM, ve vikRta evaM anupayogI ho jAte haiN| taba navIna ghAToMkA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai / jaba dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna meM vikRti A jAtI hai, taba tIrthakara una vikRttiyoM ko dUrakara apanI dRSTise punaH dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnoMkA pravacana karate haiN| ye AtmopakArake sAtha lokopakArameM bhI pravRtta rahate haiN| svayaMko jItakara anya logoMko svayaM ko jItanekA mArga batalAte hai | isaprakAra tIrthakara-paramparA prakharadhAravAle bhavasAgarake taTapara ghATa sthApita karaneke sAtha samyagdarzana, sambamjJAna aura samyak cAritrake pota bhI nimitta karatI hai| tIrthaMkara koI rUr3ha zabda nahIM hai / yaha mahimAzAlI, dayAlu, niHsvArtha, nirbhIka, sarbajJa, jitendriya aura nirmala vizvAsIke liye prayukta hotA hai| isameM ananta aparimita UrjA aura Atmanala pAyA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara pada AtmavikAsakA caramotkarSa hai aura hai AtmavidyAkA sarvocca zikhara / tIrthaMkaroMne bhautika jIvanako AdhyAtmika jIvanadarzana diyA / AtmasAdhanAkA eka vizuddha aura suparIkSita mArga batalAyA hai| unhoMne satyakI zodha, AtmasAkSAtkAra aura sulajhI huI AtmadRSTi dvArA manuSyakosvAnubhUtikA pratiSThita mAgaM batalAyA hai / niHsandeha tIrtha' eka loka-pracalita zabda hai, para tIrthakarake artha meM usakA prayoga lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA ina donoM zabda-zaktiyoM dvArA hotA hai| ataH tIrthakara vaha viziSTa vItarAga, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI vyakti hai, jo saMsAra-sAgarase tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 5

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pAra honekA mArga pratipAdita karatA hai / ataeva vaha mokSamArgakA pravartaka yugapuruSa hotA hai| mAnava-sabhyatAke sUtradhAra kulakara aura tIrthaMkaroMphA Arambha evaM saMkhyA jaina vicArakoMkI dRSTise yaha saMsAra anAdikAlase satata gatizIla calA A rahA hai / isakA na kahIM Adi hai aura na kahIM anta / yaha dRzyamAna vizva parivasaMgatI, pariNAmI aura nimANI baTase nitya hai aura paryAyakI dRSTise parivartanazIla / pratyeka jar3a, cetanakA parivartana naisargika, dhruva evaM sahaja svabhAva hai / jisaprakAra dinake pazcAt rAtri aura rAtrike pazcAt dina; prakAzake anantara aMdhakAra aura aMdhakArake anantara prakAzakA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, usIprakAra abhyudayake pazcAt patana aura patanake pazcAta abhyudaya prApta hotA hai| utkarSa aura apakarSakA yaha krama nirantara calatA rahatA hai / kAlacakra ke anusAra utkarSamaya kAlako utsarpaNa aura apakarSamaya kAlako avasarpaNa saMjJA dI gayI hai| ina donoMke suSama-suSama, suSama, suSama-duSama, duSamasuSama, duSama aura duSama-duSama ya chaha avasarpaNake aura duSama-duSama, duSama Adi chaha utsargaNake bheda hote haiM / yaha kAlacakra nirantara calatA hai| utsarpaNa kAlacakrameM prANiyoMko vRddhi aura vikasita rUpameM bhogIpabhogakI sAmantrI evaM avasarpaNameM hAsonmukhameM bhogopabhogakI sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| isa kAlacakrameM jaba prakRti hrAsonmukha ho jAto hai aura mAnavakI sukha-sAmagrI ghaTane lagatI hai, to use abhAvakA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| suSama-suSama aura suSama kAlameM kalpavakSoMse jIvanopayogI sAmagnI sahajarUpameM upalabdha hotI hai, para suSamaduSama kAlake Ate hI abhAvakA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| phalata: vicArasaMgharSa, kaSAya-vRddhi, krodha, lobha, chala-prapaMca, svArtha, ahaMkAra aura vaira-virodhakI pAzavika pravRttiyoMkA prAdurbhAva hone lagatA hai aura vibhinna doSoMse mAnava-samAja jalane lagatA hai| azAntiko asahya agnise trasta evaM digvimUr3ha mAnavake manameM zAntiko pipAsA jAgRta hotI hai| usa samaya usa digbhrAnta paristhitimeM mAnava-samAjake bhItarase hI kucha viziSTa pratibhAsampanna vyakti prakaTa hote haiM, jo zrasta mAnava-samAjako bhautika zAntikA patha pradarzita karate haiN| ye viziSTa bala, buddhi aura pratibhAsampanna vyakti mAnava-samAjameM kuloMkI sthApanA karaneke kAraNa kulakara kahalAte haiN| AcArya jinasenane apane mahApurANameM kulakarakI paribhASA nimna prakAra vyakta kI hai-- prajAnAM jIvanopAyamananAnmanavo matAH / AryANAM kulasaMstyAyakRteH kulakarA ime / / 6 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kulAnAM dhAraNAdete mattAH kuladharA iti / yugAdipuruSAH proktA yugAdau prabhaviSNavaH || 1 arthAt prajAke jIvanakA upAya jAnanese manu aura AyaM puruSoM ko kulakI bhA~ti ikaTTe rahane kA upadeza denese kulakara kahe jAte haiM / aneka vaMza sthApita karane ke kAraNa ye kulavara bhI kahalAte haiM ! yugake AdimeM hone se yugAdipuruSa mAne jAte haiM / kulakaroMke dvArA asthAyI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai, jisase tAtkAlika samasyAkA AMzika samAdhAna hotA hai| prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya kAlake kucha bhAga taka kalpavRkSoMke sadbhAvake kAraNa mAnava svatantra aura vana vihArI thA / ataeva viziSTa pratibhAzAlI vyaktiyoMne netRtva svIkAra kara usa samayake mAnavoM ko choTe-choTe kuloM meM vyavasthita kiyA / ye kulakara mAnava sabhyatA ke sUtradhAra the / inhoMne manuSyako prakRtise samarasa kiyA aura use sampanna jIvana vyatIta karanekA mArga batalAyA / Arambha meM manuSya prakRtike rahasyoMse aparicita thA, kulakaroMne prakRti aura mAnavake sambandhako udghATita kiyA aura manuSyako jIne kI kalAse paricita karAyA / samAjakA DhAMcA taiyAra kara viveka evaM vicArakI zikSA dI / isI kAraNa manuSya barvaratA ke starase Upara uThA aura zanaiHzanaiH pragati ke mArgapara Age bar3hane lagA / kRSi aura audyogika sabhyatAkI ora manuSyako pravRtta karanekA zreya kulakaraparamparAko hai| ye kulakara hI grAma aura nagara saMskRtike janaka haiM / kulakaroMkI saMkhyA caudaha mAnI gayI hai| pratyeka kulakara apane-apane samayama tAtkAlika samasyAoMke samAdhAna ke sAtha zrama aura udyogakI zikSA dete haiN| caudahaveM kulakara nAbhirAyane manuSyako karma aura puruSArtha ke dharAtalapara lA khar3A kiyA / ina kulakaroMne manuSya ko batAyA ki bhayAnaka pazuoM se kaise rakSA karanI cAhiye | kina pazuoM ko pAlatU banAyA jA sakatA hai aura unase utpAdana kArya meM kisa prakAra sahAyatA lI jA sakatI hai Adi bAteM pratipAdita kI / bhUmi evaM vRkSoM ke svAmitvako maryAdA, kRSi, kheta khalihAna, hATa, bAjAra, kalA, vijJAna Adi vividha kSetroMmeM manuSyako praviSTa vAyanekA kArya bhI inhoMne sampAdita kiyA / nadIpara ghATa bAMdhanA, yAna calAnA, parvatArohaNa karanA, sar3aka, bhavana, kUpa AdikA nirmANa karanA evaM vividha vastuoMke upayogakI kalA bhI kulakaroMne sikhalAyI / parivAra, samAja, zAsana Adiko niyama upaniyama bhI inhoMne batalAye | kulakaroM dvArA bhautika sAdhanoM ke upayogakI jAnakArI prApta ho jAne para bhI sahaja, zAnta aura nirdoSa jIvanayApanake liye dharmakI AvazyakatA 1. mahApurANa AdipurANa 31211-212. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 3

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pratIta huii| idhara mAnava kuloM kI bhI vRddhi ho rahI thI, jisase viSamatA uttarottara bar3hatI jAtI thI / ataH janasAdhAraNakI AdhyAtmika bhUkha bar3ha rahI thI aura bar3hatI huI bhautika AvazyakatAoMke niyaMtraNakI apekSA banI thI / ataeva kulakaroMke pazcAt caubIsa tIrthaMkara, dvAdaza cakravartI, nau balabhadra, nau nArAyaNa aura nau pratinArAyaNa ye tresaTha zalAkApuruSa janma lete haiM, jo sabhI taraha kI samAja-vyavasthA evaM vaiyaktika jIvanotthAna meM yogadAna dete haiM / tIrthakaroM meM sarvaprathama RSabhanAtha yA RSabhadeva hue haiM, jinhoMne AtmavidyAkA netRtva kiyA hai / mAnava samAjako kRSiko zikSA ke sAtha jIvikopayogI SaTkarmokI zikSA bhI inhoMne dI / RSabhadevane isa yuga meM jainadharmakA pravattana pratyeka kalpakAlake samAna hI kiyA hai / bhogabhUmi ke pazcAt jaba karmakSetrakA prArambha huA, to mAnava samAja meM sahaastitva, sahayoga, sahRdayatA, sahiSNutA, surakSA, sauhArda evaM samAnatAkA pATha par3hAkara mAnavake hRdaya meM mAnava ke prati bhrAtRtvabhAvako utpanna kiyA / inhoMne guNakarmake anusAra varNavyavasthAkA bhI pratipAdana kiyA / ahiMsA, dayAvRtti, saMyama, ratnatraya AdikI ArAdhanApara bala diyA / RSabhadevake pitAkA nAma nAbhirAya aura mAtAkA nAma marudevI thA | ayodhyA nagarI meM inakA janma huA thaa| inake janma lete hI sabhI dizAe~ zAnta ho gaIM aura sabhI prANiyoMko kSaNabharake liye apUrva vizrAma prApta huA / deva-devendroMne inakA janmotsava sampanna kiyA / inakA nAma vRSabha yA RSabhadeva rakhA gayA / AcArya jinasenane likhA hai ki jagat ke liye hitakAraka dharmAmRtakI varSA karanevAle honeke kAraNa inakA nAma vRSabhadeva rakhA gayA / dharma-karma ke Adya pravartaka hone ke kAraNa inakA AdinAtha nAma bhI prApta hotA hai / inakA vaMza ikSvAku thA / RSabhadevakA vivAha sampanna huA aura unake brAhmI aura sundarI kanyAoMke atirikta 100 putra utpanna hue / RSabhadevane asaMkhyAta varSa paryanta rAjya kiyA / dharmAnukUla loka vyavasthA saMcAlita kI ora antameM virakta hokara zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| RSabhadevake sAtha aneka rAjA, sAmanta aura mahApuruSoMne bhI dIkSA grahaNa kii| ghora tapazcaraNa ke anantara inheM kevalajJAna prApta huA aura jagatke jIvoMko zAntikA upadeza diyA / RSabhadevake pazcAt ajitanAtha, sambhavanAtha, abhinandana, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supA candraprabha, puSpadanta, zItala, zreyAMsa, vAsupUjya, vimala, ananta, dharma, zAnti, kunthu, aranAtha, malli, munisuvrata, nami, nemi, pAka aura varddhamAna ye teIsa tIrthaMkara hue| ina sabhIne satyakA anveSaNa kiyA, Atma 8 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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sAkSAtkAra prApta kiyA aura sulajhI huI antardRSTi dvArA mAnavakI tatkAlIna samasyAoMke samAdhAna prastuta kiye| unhoMne anekAnta, ahiMsA, samatA AdikA pravartana kara jana- janako zAntikA mArga batAyA / ina caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMmeM RSabhanAtha, nami, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIrakA nirdeza anya vAGmaya evaM purAtattva Adi meM bhI prApta hotA hai / vaidika vAGmaya aura tIrthaMkara vizvake prAcIna vAGmaya meM RgvedakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| usako eka RcAmeM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadevakA ullekha AyA hai "RSabhaM mA samAnAnAM sapatnAnAM vivAsahim | haMtAraM zatrUNAM kRdhi virAjaM gopati gavAm ||" RRgveda 10, 166, 1. yajurveda aura atharvavedameM bhI RSabhadevakA ullekha prApta hotA hai / zrImadbhAgavatameM viSNu ke caubIsa avatAroMmeM eka RSabhAvatAra bhI svIkRta kiyA gayA hai, jisase Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhakI aitihAsikatA aura prasiddhi siddha hotI haiM / bhAgavattameM RSabhadevake jIvana-vRttakA bhI varNana prApta hotA hai| likhA hai "atha ha bhagavAnRSabhadevaH svavarSa karmakSetramanumanyamAnaH pradarzitagurukulavAsaH labdhavarergurubhiranujJAto gRhamedhinAM dharmAnanuzikSamANo..... zataM janayAmArA' / bhagavAnRSabhasaMjJa AtmanantraH svayaM nityanivRttAnardhaparamparaH kevalAnandAnubhava Izvara evaM viparItavatkarmANyArabhamANaH kAlenAnugataM gRheSu lokaM niyamayat / r arthAt bhagavAn RSabhadevane samasta laukika kriyAoMkA sampAdana kiyA / ve parama svatantra bhautika Asaktise rahita AnandasvarUpa sAkSAt Izvara the / unhoMne janasAmAnya meM dharmAcaraNa aura tattvajJAnakA pracAra kiyaa| samatA, zAnti aura karuNA ke sAtha dharma, artha, yaza, santAnasukha, bhoga aura mokSakA upadeza dete hue gRhasthAzrama meM logoM kA niyamita jIvana vyatIta karanekA upadeza diyA / RSabhadeva samasta dharma ke mArarUpa, vedake suhya rahasyake jJAtA the / ve sAmadAnAdi rIti ke anusAra janatAkA pAlana karate the / unhoMne sau yajJoMkA sampAdana kiyA thA | inake zAsanakAlameM prajA sukhI thI, use kisI bhI vastukI kamI nahIM thI / RSabhadevane aneka dezoMmeM vihAra kiyA thA tathA deza, rASTra aura samAja hitakA upadeza diyA thA / 1 1. zrImadbhAgavata ( gItApresa- saMskaraNa ) 5/4/8. 2. vahI 5/4/14. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 9

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isI granthameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki RSabhadevako zikSAko grahaNakara aise dharma aura sampradAya pracalita hoMge, jo asnAna, anAcamana, agautra, kezaluJca, Izvara-kattu tvameM avizvAsa, yaza-virodha Adi kareMge / likhA hai.. "yena ha vAva kalau manujAH saMpadA devamAyAmohitAH ...... ..."nijanijecchAyA gRhAnA asnAnAnAcamanAzaucakezollucanAdIni kalinAdharmabahulenopahataSiyo ajhabrAhmaNayajJapuruSalokaviduSakAHprAyeNa bhaviSyanti / " mArkaNDeyapurANameM tIrthaMkara RSabhadevake varNanameM likhA hai ki unhoMne apane putra bharatako rAjyabhAra saMpiA aura svayaM birakta ho gaye / inhI bharatake nAmapara isa dezakA nAma bhAratavarSa par3A / / kUrmapurANameM batAyA gayA hai ki mahAtmA nAbhi aura merudevIkA putra RSabha huA, jo atyanta krAntikArI thaa| RSabhake sau putra hue, jinameM bharata jyeSTha thA / batAyA hai--- "himAhvayaM tu yadvarSa' nAbherAsInmahAtmanaH / tasyarSabho'bhavat pUtro merudevyAM mahAdyutiH / / RSabhAd bharato jajJe vIraH putrazatAgrajaH / so'bhiSicyarSabhaH putra bharataM pRthivIpatiH // " -adhyAya 41, zloka 37-38, pR0 61. agnipurANameM mahArAja nAbhike alaukika rAjyakA varNana AyA hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki unake tathA marudevIke putrakA nAma RSabha thaa| RSabhane apane putra bharatako rAjya dekara zAligrAmameM mukti prApta kii| isa purANameM RSabhakA mahattva unakI tapasyA evaM unakI zAsana-vyavasthAkA bhI sAmAnya citraNa AyA hai| isa purANameM jaina mAnyatAke anusAra RSabhake mAtA-pitAke nAma nAbhirAya evaM marudevo Aye haiN| __ vAyupurANa aura brahmANDapurANake pUrvArdha RSabhadevake mahattvasUcaka kaI padya 1. zrImadbhAgavata, 5 / 6 / 9. 2. mArkaNDeyapurANa, adhyAya 50, zloka 39-41, pR0 150 tathA kalyANa, gItApresa, ___ gorakhapurakA hindU-saMskRti-vizeSAMka, janavarI, 1950, pR0 882. 3. agnipurANa 1010-11, pR0 62. 4. nAbhistvajanayat putraM marudegyA mahAyutiH / RSabhaM pArthivazraSTaM sarva kSetrasya pUrvajam / / vAyu, a0 33, padya 50-52, pa. 51. 5. so'bhiSicyarSabhaH putra mahAprAvAjyamAsthitaH / ____ himAla dakSiNaM varSa tasyAnAmnA vidurbudhAH / / --brahmA0, a0 14, padya 61, pR. 24. 10 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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Aye hai / vArAhapurANa meM' nAbhirAya aura merudeva ke putra RSabhadeva tathA unake bharatAdi sau putroMkA kathana AyA hai| RSabhane bharatako himAlayake dakSiNavAlA kSetra diyA thA, jisakA nAma Age calakara bharatake nAma para bhAratavarSaM par3A / liGgapurANa meM nAbhirAjako himAlayake uttara-dakSiNavartI pradezakA zAsaka batalAyA gayA hai / inake putrakA nAma RSabhadeva AyA hai / RSabhako mAtA marudevI thI / RSabhake putra bharata hue, jinake nAmapara isa dezakA nAma bhAratavarSaM E par3A | viSNupurANa aura skandhapurANa meM bhI RSabhadevakaM pratApa evaM prabhAvakA citraNa AyA hai / AcAryakalpa paNDita ToDaramalajIne apane 'mokSamArgaprakAzaka' meM batAyA hai ki prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha, dvitIya ajita, saptama supArzva 22veM ariSTanemi aura 24veM mahAvIrakA ullekha yajurvedameM hai| unhoMne yajurvedakA nimnalikhita mantra uddhRta kiyA hai "oM RSabhapavitraM puruhUtamadhvaraM yajJeSu nagnaM paramamAha saMstutaM varaM zatrujayaMta pazurindramAhuriti svaahaa| oM trAtAramindraM RSabhaM vadanti / amRtAramindra havAM sugataM supArzvamindra have zakramajitaM saddharma mAnapuruhUtamAhuriti svAhA / oM nagnaM sudhIra digvAsasaM brahmagarbha sanAtanaM upami vIraM puruSamahAntamAdityavarNaM tamasaH parastAt svAhA / oM svasti na indro vRddhazravAH svasti naH pUSA vizvavedAH svasti nastAkSyo ariSTanemiH svasti no bRhaspatirdadhAtu / dIrghAyustvAyurbalAyurvA zubhajAtAH oM rakSa rakSa ariSTanemiH svAhA / " - uddhRta AcAryakalpa paM0 ToDaramala, mokSamArgaprakAzaka, pR0 208. Rgveda meM vAtarazanAmuniyoMke sambandhakI RcAe~ AyI haiN| ye RcAe~ RSabhadevake jIvana se sambandhita pratIta hotI haiM / vastutaH vAtarazanAmuniyoM ko dharmakA upadeza RSabhadeva se prApta huA hogaa| ina RcAoM meM muniyoMkI sAdhanAkA varNana AyA hai| likhA hai 1. nAbhirmerudevyAM putramajanamad RSabhanAmAnaM tasya bharato putrazca tAvadagrajaH / tasya bharatasya pitA RSabho hemAdra eH dakSiNa vardhamadad" - adhyAya 174, 10 49. 2. liMgapurANa adhyAya 47, zloka 19-24, pR0 68. P 3. viSNupurANa, adhyAya 1 zloka 27-28, pR0 77. 1 zloka 57. 4. skandhapurANa adhyAya 37, 7 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 11

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"munayo vAtarazanA: pizaMgA vasate malA / vAtasyAnu dhrAji yanti yadevAso avikSata / / unmaditA mauneyena vAtA~ AtasthimA vayam / zarIredasmAkaM yUyaM martAso abhi pazyatha / / " -Rgveda 10, 136, 2-3. arthAt atIndriyadarzI kAtarazanAmuni mala dhAraNa karate haiM, jisase ve gila varNa dikhalAyI par3ate haiN| jaba ve vAyukI gatiko prANopAsanA dvArA dhAraNa kara lete haiM, arthAt roka lete haiM, taba ve apane tapakI mahimAse dIpyamAna hokara devatAsvarUpako prApta ho jAte haiN| sarvalaukika vyavahArako chor3akara maunavatapUrvaka dhyAnastharUpameM vicaraNa karate haiN| unakA bAhya zarIra malase lipta dikhalAyI par3atA hai, para antaraMga nirmala hotA hai / RgvedameM kezIko bho stuti prApta hotI hai / yaha kezI sAdhanAyukta hote haiM / likhA hai "kezpagni kezI viSa kezI virbhAta rodasI / kezo vizvaM svardaze kezIdaM jyotirucyate / / " -Rgveda 10,136,1 / kezI agni, jala, svarga aura pRthvIko dhAraNa karatA hai / kezI samasta vizvake tattvoMkA darzana karAtA hai / usako jJAnajyoti kevalajJAnarUpa hai / ___ Rgvedake kezI aura vAtarazanA muniyoMkI sAdhanAoMkA bhAgavatapurANameM ullikhita RSabhakI sAdhanAoMke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanese spaSTa hotA hai ki Rgvedake vAtarazanA muni aura bhAgavatake vAsarazanA zramaNa eka hI sampradAyake vAcaka haiN| kezIkA artha kezadhArI hai 1 sambhavataH ye vAtarazanAmaniyoMke adhinAyaka the, inakI sAdhanAmeM maladhAraNa, maunavrata aura unmAda bhAvakA vizeSa ullekha hai / zrImadbhAgavatameM RSabhadevakI jisa vRttikA varNana AyA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki ve kezadhArI avadhUtake rUpameM vicaraNa karate the| jaina mUrtikalAmeM RSabhadevake kuTila kezoMkI paramparA prAcInatama kAlase pAyI jAtI hai ! 24 tIrthaMkaroM se kevala RSabhadevakI mUrtike sira para hI kuTila keza dikhalAyI par3ate haiM aura vahI unakA prAcIna vizeSa lakSaNa bhI mAnA jAtA hai / padmapurANameM RSabhadevakI jaTAoMkA ullekha AyA hai| harivaMzapurANameM' 1. zrImadbhAgavata, 546128-31. 2. padmapurANa 3 / 288. 3. haribaMzapurANa 91204. 12 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArma-paramparA

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bhI unheM pralambajAdhArI batAyA hai ! mata RSabhadetrakA 'kezI yaha nAma sArthaka pratIta hotA hai| RgvedameM eka aisI RcA upalabdha hai, jisameM kezI aura RSabha ina donoM kA ullekha hai| yahA~ kezI RSabhakA vizeSaNa jaisA prayukta hai| maMtra nimnaprakAra hai "kakardave vRSabho yukta AsId / avAvacIt sArathirasya kezI / dudheryuktasya dravata: saMhAnamaH / kacchantimA niSpado mudgalAnIm / / " -gveda 10,102.6, arthAt mudgala RpikI gAyoMko cora cuga le gaye the| unheM lauTAneke liye RSine kezI vRpabhako apanA sArathI banAyA, jisake vacanamAtrame ve gAyeM AgekI aura na jAkara pIcheko lauTa pdd'ii| sAyaNane kezoko vRSabhakA vizeSaNa batalAyA hai / likhA hai-- "athavA, asya sArathiH sahAyabhUtaH kezI prakRSTake yo vRSabhaH avAvacIt bhRzamazabdayat" ityaadi| arthAt mudgala RSine kezI vRSabhako zatruoMkA vinAza karaneke liye apanA sArathI niyukta kiyaa| isa RcAkA AdhyAtmika artha yaha hai ki mudgala RSikI jo indriyAM parAGmukhI thIM, ve unake yogayukta jJAnI netA kaMzI vRSabhakA dharmopadeza sunakara antarmukhI ho gyiiN| ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki RgvedameM jo kezIsUkta AyA hai, vaha RSabhadevake ullekhakA sUcaka hai| DaoN0 zrI hIrAlAla jI jainane likhA hai- "isa prakAra RgvedameM ullikhita vAta razanA muniyoMkA nirmantha sAdhu tathA una muniyoM ke nAyaka kezI munikA RSabhadevake sAtha ekIkaraNa ho jAnese jainadharmakI prAcIna paramparApara bar3A mahattvapUrNa prakAza par3atA hai |"""kezI nAma jena paramparAmeM pracalita rhaa| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki mahAvIrake samaya meM pArzva-sampradAyake netAkA nAma kozIkumAra thA (uttarAdhyayana 23) / " isa prakAra vaidika sAhitya ke prakAzameM AditIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura unake anuyAyI vAtarazanAmuniyoMkA ullekha prAsa hotA hai| 1. bhAratIya saMskRtimeM jainadharmakA yogadAna, prakAzaka-madhyapradeza-zAsana, sAhityaparipad, bhopAla, san 1962, pR0 17. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 13

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purAtattva aura RSabhadeva purAtattvakI duSTise bhI RSabhadevakI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| prasiddha purAtattvavettA DaoN0 rAkhAladAsa banarjIne sindhughATIko sabhyatAkA anveSaNa kiyA hai / yahA~ke utkhanana meM upalabdha sIla (mohara) na0 449 para citralipi meM kucha likhA huA hai / isa lekhako pro0 prANanAtha vidyAlaMkArane 'jinezvaraH ( jina - i-i-sara: ' ) par3hA hai / purAtattvajJa rAyabahAdura candAkA vaktavya hai ki sindhughATIkI moharoMmeM eka mUrti prApta hotI hai, jisameM madhurAkI RSabhadevakI khaDagAsana mUrtike samAna tyAga aura vairAgyake bhAva dRSTigocara hote haiN| sIla naM0 dvitIya epha0 jI0 eca0 meM jo mUrti utkIrNa hai, usameM vairAgya mudrA to spaSTa hai hI, usake nIcekaM bhAgameM RSabhadevake cihna bailakA sadbhAva' bhI hai| DaoN0 zrI rAdhAkumuda mukharjIne sindhu sabhyatAkA adhyakA hai phalaka 12 aura 118, AkRti 7 (mArzalakRta mohana-jo-dar3oM) kAyotsarga nAmaka yogAsanameM khar3e hue devatAoMko sUcita karatI hai| yaha mudrA jaina yogiyoMkI tapazcaryA meM vizeSa rUpa se milatI hai| jaise mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM sthApita tIrthakara zrI RSabha devatA kI mUrti / RSabhakA artha hai bela, jo AdinAthakA lakSaNa hai / mohara saMkhyA eka0 jI0 eca0 phalaka dopara aMkita devamUrti meM eka baila hI banA hai | sambhava hai ki yaha RSabha kA hI pUrva rUpa ho / yadi aisA ho, to zaiva-dharma kI taraha, jainadharmakA mUla bhI tAmrayugIna sindhu sabhyatA taka calA jAtA hai" 1 mathurA kaMkAlI TIlAke AviSkArane RSabhAdi tIrthaMkaroMkI aitihAsikatA para prakAza DAlA hai | vahA~kI purAtattvakI upalabdha sAmagrImeM lagabhaga 110 abhilekha prApta huI haiN| vahIMke eka stUpameM saMvat 78 kI 18 veM tIrthaGkara arahanAthakI pratimA bhI prApta hai / yaha stUpa itanA prAcIna hai ki isake racanAkA samaya jJAta karanA kaThina hai| DaoN0 bisenTa e0 smitha ke anusAra mathurA-sambandhI anveSaNoMse yaha siddha hai ki jainadharmake tIrthaMkaroMkA astitva I0 sanse pUrva meM vidyamAna thA / RSabhAdi 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI mAnyatA sudUra prAcInakAlameM pUrNatayA pracalita thI / isaprakAra RSabhadevakI prAcInatA itihAsa aura 1. The modern review, August, 1935 - Sindh Five thausands years ago. 2. hindU sabhyatA ( hindI-saMskaraNa), rAjakamala prakAzana, naI dillI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1958, pR0 23. 3. da jaina stUpa mathurA prastAvanA, pR0 14 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA 6.

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vAGmayase siddha hai| DaoN0 ena0 ena0 basukA mata hai ki lekhanakalAkA prathama AviSkAra kadAcit RSabhadevane kiyA thaa| pratIta hotA hai ki brahmavidyAke pracArake liye unhoMne brAhmI lipikA AviSkAra kiyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve aSTama abatArake rUpameM prasiddha hue haiN| tIrthakara nami ___ anAsakti yoga ke pratIka 21 va sArthaka ra nAmanAtha hai / RSabhanAthake anantara naminAthakA jIvanavRtta jainetara sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai | nami mithilAke rAjA the aura inheM hindU purANoMma janakake pUrvajake rUpameM mAnA gayA hai| namikI anAsaktavRtti itanI prasiddha thI, jisase unakA vaMza hI videha kahalAtA thaa| ahiMsAkA pracAra namika yugameM vizeSa mpase huA thA | uttarAdhyayanamutrake navama adhyayana meM nami-pravrajyAkA sundara varNana upalabdha hotA hai| isa pravrajyAmeM Aye hue bacanoMkI tulanA pAli jAtaka aura mahAbhAratake kaI aMgoma ko jA sakatI hai| yahA~ udAharaNArtha kucha pA uddhRta kiye jAte haiM- "muha bamAmo jIvAmo jesi mo Nasthi kiMcaNa | mihilAe ijjhamANIe kA me jhana kiMcaNa / / " -unna0 2.-14. masukhaM bata jIvAma yemaM no nanthi kiMcanaM / mithilAye dahamAnAya na me kici adayahatha / / " ___-pAli-mahAjanaka-jAtaka. "mithilAyAM pradIptAyAM na me kiJcana dahyate / " -ma0 bhA0 zAMtiparva. tIrthakara namikI anAsaktavRtti mithilAmeM janaka taka pAyI jAtI hai / kahA jAtA hai ki ahiMsAtmaka pravRttike kAraNa hI unakA dhanuSa pratyazAhIna rUpameM unake kSatriyatvakA pratIkamAtra raha gayA thaa| rAmane zivanagAMDIvako phira pratyaJcAyukta kiyaa| sItA-svayaMvarake avasarapara rAmane isI pratyaJcAhona dhanuSako tor3akara dhanuSapara punaH pratyaJcAko paramparA pracalita kI / vastutaH ahiMsAmeM hI zaurya aura parAkramakI vRpti nihita hai / nami tIrthakara IsvI sanse sahasroM varSa pUrva hue haiN| tIrthakara neminAtha 2rakheM tIrthaka ra neminAthakA varNana jaina granthoMke sAtha Rgveda, mahAbhArata 1. hindI vizvakoza, jilda 1, pR0 64 tathA jin6 3, pR0 444. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 15

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Adi granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / neminAtha karuNAke pratIka haiM / ye yaduvaMzI the / inake pitAkA nAma samudravijaya thaa| ye kRSNake cacere bhAI the| neminAthakA vivAha-sambandha girinagarake rAjA ugrasenakI viduSI putrI rAjalamatIke sAtha honA nizcita haA thA, para jaise hI bArAta girinagara jA rahI thI ki mArgameM atithiyoMke bhojanake nimitta ekatra kiye gaye sahasroM pAoMkI karuNA cautkAra neminAthako sunAyI pdd'ii| isa ghaTanAse dravita hokara unhoMne isa vivAhakA parityAga kara diyA aura ve mArgase hI tapovanako cala diye / neminAthakA samaya mahAbhAratakAla hai| yaha kAla IsvI pUrva 1000 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai| mahAbhAratake harivaMzameM ariSTanemikA varNana AyA hai| isa granthake anusAra mahArAja yaduke sahasrada, payoda, koSTA, nola aura aMjika ye pAMca putra hue| kroSTAko mAdrI nAmaka dUsarI rAnIse yudhAjita aura devamitRSa nAmaka do putra hue / kroSTAke bar3e putra yudhAjitase vRSNi aura andhaka ye do putra hue| vRSNike svaphalka aura citraka nAmaka putra utpanna hue 1 citrakake pRthu, vipRthu, azvanIya, azvamA, pArzvaka, gaveSaNa, ariSTanemi, azva, sudharmA dharmabhRta, subAha aura bavAha ye bAraha putra hue| isa baMzaparamparAse yaha spaSTa hai ki ariSTanemi aura zrIkRSNa cacere bhAI the| ariSTa. nemikA ullekha RgvedameM bhI prApta hotA hai / yathA "svasti na indro vRddhazravAH svasti naH pUSA vizvavedAH / svasti nastAkSyo ariSTanemiH svasti no bRhaspatirdadhAtu // " --Rgveda 1,89,6. yahA~para ariSTanemikA artha hAnirahita nemivAlA, tripuravAso asura, purujit suta aura zrautoMkA pitA kahA gayA hai| para zatpathabrAhmaNamaiM ariSTakA artha ahiMsaka hai aura 'ariSTanemi'kA artha ahiMsAkI dhurI-ahiMsAke pravartaka haiN| bRhaspatike samAna aSTinemikI stuti bhI kI gayI hai| vaidika yugameM ariSTanemi karuNA aura ahiMsA ke rUpameM mAnya ho cuke the| ve vizvakI rakSAkaranevAle zreSTha devatAphe rUpameM pratiSThita the| isase spaSTa hai ki 22veM sIrthakara ariSTanemi karuNAmatike rUpameM mahAbhAratakAlase mAnya rahe haiM / jaina vAGamayameM to inakA mahattva varNita hai hI, vaidika sAhityameM bhI inakA mahattva kama nahIM hai / Rgvedake samAna yajurvedaura 1. harivaMza, parva 1, adhyAya 34, padya 15-16. 2. yajurveda, adhyAya 25, maMtra 16, aSTaka 91, adhyAya 6, varga 1, 16 : tIrthakara mahAbIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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bhI ariSTanemikA ullekha AyA hai| inheM yajJameM vighna nivAraNake hetu bAhUtakiyA gayA hai / ToDaramalajIne prabhAsa purANakA uddharaNa dete hue batAyA hai ki vAmanako padmAsana digambara neminAthakA darzana huA thA / usIkA nAma ziva hai / usake darzanAdikase koTi yajJa phala prApta hotA hai| likhA hai--- bhavasya pazcime bhAge vAmanena tapaH kRtam / tenaiva tapasAkRSTaH zivaH pratyakSatAM gataH // padmAsanamAsInaH zyAmamatidigambara: 1 neminAtha: zivetyevaM nAma cakre'sya vAmanaH // kalikAle mahAghore sarvapApapraNAzakaH 1 darzanAtsparzanAdeva koTiyajJaphalapradaH / / X X X revatAtrI jino nemiryugAdinimalAcale | RSINAmAzramAdeva muktimArgasya kAraNam / / 5 yahA~ neminAtha kI 'jina' saMjJA batalAyI hai aura unake sthAnako RSikA Azrama, muktikA kAraNa kahA hai| isase neminAthakI pUjyatA spaSTa hai / tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthakA janma banArasake rAjA azvasena aura unakI rAnI vAmadeva se huA thA / inhoMne 30 varSa kI avasthAmeM gRha tyAgakara sammedazikhara parvata para tapasyA kii| yaha parvata Aja taka pArzvanAtha parvatake nAmase prasiddha hai| pArzvanAthane kevalajJAna prAptakara 70 varSoM taka zramaNa - dharmakA pracAra kiyA / pArzvanAthake jIvana prasaMga meM kamaThakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / isIke kAraNa pArzvanAthako sAdhanAmeM nikhAra aura pariSkAra AyA hai| kSamA aura bera ke ghAta-pratighAtakA mArmika varNana huA hai / pArzvanAtha kSamAke pratIka hai aura kamaTha vaira kA / kSamA aura verakA dvandva aneka janmoM taka calA hai aura antameM vairapara kSamAkI vijaya huI hai| jaina purANoMke anusAra pArzvanAthakA nirvANa tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake nirvANase 250 varSa pUrva arthAt I0 pU0 527 + 250 = 777 I0 pU0 meM huA / pArzvanAtha1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka -- AcAryakalpa paM0 zrIToDaramalagraMthamAlA, gAMdhIroDa, bApU nagara, plATa na0 e0 4, jayapura, vi0 saM0 2023, 10141. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA 17

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kA zramaNa paramparApara gambhIra prabhAva hai / ve RSabhanAthase neminAtha taka calI Aya dharma-paramparA samaveta saMkaraNa hai / inameM RSabhakA AkiMcanya, aparigraha aura karmaThatA, naminAthakI anAsakta vRtti evaM neminAthakI karuNApradhAna ahiMsAvRtti sAmayika dharma cakra ke rUpameM pratiSThita hai / pArzvanAthane ahiMsAko suvyavasthita siddhAntake rUpameM pratiSThita kara kSamAkI dhArA pracalita kI / tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthakI vANImeM karuNA, madhuratA aura zAntikI triveNI eka sAtha pravAhita hai / parimANataH jana-janake manapara unakI vANIkA maMgalakArI prabhAva par3A, jisase koTi-koTi janatA unakI ananyabhakta bana gyii| inake samayameM tApasa-paramparAkA prAbalya thA / loga tapake nAmapara ajJAnapUrvaka kaSTa uThA rahe the / inake upadezase viveka yukta tapazcaraNa karanekI navapreraNA prApta huii| inake upadezase tapazcaraNa kA rUpahI nikhara gayA / pArzvanAthakAlIna sAhityakA adhyayana karanese avagata hotA hai ki pippalAdi, bhAradvAja, Adara bhAva hai| pippalAdi mAnya vaidika RSi the| unake upadezoM para inake upadezakI praticchAyA dikhalAyI par3atI hai / pippalAdikA abhimata thA ki prANa yA cetanA jaba zarIrase pRthaka ho jAtI hai, taba yaha zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha kathana 'pudgalamaya zarIrase jIvake pRthaka honepara vighaTana siddhAntako anukRti hai / ' bhAradvAja jinakA astitva bauddhadharmase pUrva hai| pArzvanAtha kAlameM ve eka svatantra muNDaka sampradAyakeM netA the / buddhoMke aMguttaranikAyameM unake mattakI gaNanA muNDaka zrAvakake nAmase kI gayI hai / muNDaka matake loga vanameM rahanevAle the| ye sApasoM tathA gRhastha viproMse apaneko pRthak dikhAneke liye sira muMDAkara bhikSAvRttise apanA udara poSaNa karate the / kintu vedase unakA virodha nahIM thA / inake masapara pArzvanAtha ke dharmopadezakA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai / naciketA upaniSadakAlake eka vaidika RSi the| unake vicAroMpara bhI pAzyaMnAthakA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / ye bhAradvAjake samakAlIna the tathA jJAna yajJako mAnate the / inakI mAnyatA ke mukhya aMga the - indriyanigraha, dhyAnabRddhi, AtmA ke anIzvara rUpakA cintana, tathA zarIra aura AtmakA pRthaka bodha / 1. kaimbrima hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA pArTa 1 0 180. 2. Dialogues of Buddha, Part 2, Page 22, 3. gRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4322. 18 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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isa prakAra pArzvanAthakA prabhAva usa samaya ke sampradAyoM aura RSiyoM para dikha lAyI par3atA hai| pArzvanAtha dharmako cAturyAma dharma kahA gayA hai| isakA svarUpa - 1. sarvathA prANAtipAtaviramaNa - hiMsAkA syAga, 2 sarvathA bhUSAvAdaviramaNa - asatya kA tyAga, 3. sarvathA adattAdAnaviramaNa -- caurya tyAga aura 4. sarvathA bahisthAdAnaviramaNa - parigraha tyAga rUpa hai / yaha Atma-sAdhanAkA pavitra mArga hai / cAtuyama dharma kA vAstavika rahasya cAra prakArake pApoMse virakta honA hai / pArzvanAthake kAla taka brahmacaryavratako pRthak sthAna prApta nahIM huA thA, para isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki unake samaya kI zramaNa paramparAmeM brahmacaryakI upekSA thI / isa paramparA zramaNa strIko bhI parigraha ke antargata samajha kara, strIkA tyAgakara brahmacarya dhAraNa karate the / dhana-dhAnyake samAna strI bhI bAhya vastu hone se bahispAdAna ke antargata thI / itihAsake Aloka meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika vyakti the, yaha aneka pramANoMse siddha ho cukA hai| jaina sAhitya hI nahIM, bauddha sAhitya bhI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthako aitihAsikatAko svIkAra karatA hai| DA0 jekobIne bauddha sAhitya ke ullekhoMke AdhArapara nirgranthasampradAyakA astitva pramANita karate hue likhA hai - "yadi jaina aura bauddha sampradAya ekase hI prAcIna hote, jaisAki buddha aura mahAvIrakI samakAlInatA tathA ina donoMko ina donoM sampradAyoMkA saMsthApaka mAnanese anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, to hameM AzA karanI cAhiye ki donoMne hI apaneapane sAhitya meM apane pratidvandvokA avazyahI nirdeza kiyA hotA, kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai| bauddhoMne to apane sAhitya meM, yahA~ taka ki tripiTakoM meM bhI nigranthoM kA bahutAyata se ullekha kiyA hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki bauddha nirgrantha-sampradAyako eka pramukha sampradAya mAnate the / kintu nirgranthoM kI dhAraNA isake viparIta thI aura ve apane pratidvandvIkI upekSA taka karate the / isase hama isa nirNayapara pahu~cate haiM ki buddhake samaya nimranya-sampradAya koI navIna sthApita sampradAya nahIM thA / yahI mata piTakoM kA bhI jAna par3atA hai / " - DA0 zrIhIrAlAlajI jenane likhA hai- "bauddha grantha 'aMguttaranikAya', 'cattukkanipAta' (bagga 5) aura usakI 'aTThakathA' meM ullekha hai ki gautama buddhakA t. Indian antiquary, volume 9th, Page 160. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 19

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cAcA (bappa zAkya ) nirgranya zrAvaka thA / pArzvapatyoM tathA nirgrantha zrAvakoM isa prakAra ke aura bhI aneka ullekha milate haiM, jinase nirgrantha dharmakI sattA buddha se pUrva bhalI-bhA~ti siddha ho jAtI hai / " bauddha granthoMmeM nignaMnyoMke cAturyAmakA ullekha milatA hai aura use nirgrantha nAtaputra ( mahAvIra ) kA dharma kahA gayA hai, para isakA sambandha pAzrvanAthakI paramparAke sAtha hai, mahAvIrake sAtha nahIM / asaH jaina mAnyatAmeM cAturyAmakA ullekha pArzvanAthake sAtha pAyA jAtA hai, mahAvorake sAtha nhiiN| mahAvIra to paMcayAma vratake saMsthApaka hai| bauddhadharma meM ninyoMkI jina vyavasthAoM kA varNana AyA hai, vaha mahAvIrakI na hokara pArzvanAthakI paramparAkA honA cAhiye / majjhimanikAyake 'mahAsiMhanAdatta meM (048-50) buddhane apane prArambhika kaThora tapasvI jIvanakA varNana karate hue tapake cAra prakAra batalAye haiM, jinakA unhoMne svayaM pAlana kiyA thA / ve cAra rUpa haiM-sapasvitA, rukSatA, jugupsA aura praviviktatA / tapasvitA kA artha hai naMge rahanA, hAthameM bhikSA bhojana karanA, sira-dAr3hIke bAloMko ukhAr3anA, kaMTakAkIrNa sthala para zayana karanA / rukSatAkA artha hai zarIrapara maila dhAraNa karanA yA snAna na karanA, apane mailako na apane hAtha se parimArjita karanA aura na dUsarese parimArjita karAnA | jugupsAkA artha hai - jalakI bUMdataka para dayA karanA aura pravidhikatAkA bharthaM hai-- danoMmeM akele rahanA / ye cAroM tapa nirgrantha-sampradAya meM Acarita hote the| bhagavAn mahAvIrane svayaM inakA pAlana kiyA thA tathA apane nirgranthoMke liye mI. inakA vidhAna kiyA thA / kintu buddhake dIkSA leneke samaya mahAvIrake nirgrantha sampradAyakA pravartana nahIM huA thA / ataH avazya hI vaha nirgrantha sampradAya mahAvIrake pUrvaja bhagavAn pAravanAthakA thA / jisake ukta cAroM tathoMko buddhane dhAraNa kiyA thA / kintu pIche unakA parityAga kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthakI aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| jainadharma ahisAparaka hai / yaha krAntimeM AsthA rakhatA hai aura AkSepa evaM durAgraha ko sthAna nahIM detA / tIrthaMkaroMkI paramparAse upayukta tathya spaSTa haiM / 1. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, madhyapradezazAsana - sAhityapariSad, bhopAla, san 1962, 90 21. 2. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrva pIThikA, zrIgaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, prathama-saMskaraNa, pR0 212-213. 20 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya paramparA :

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parampata : antima sAnahAsIra tIrthakara pAzvanAyake 250 varSa pazcAt pragatizIla paramparAke saMsthApaka 24veM tIrthakara mahAvIra hue| inhoMne apanI vrata-sambandhI pragatizIla krAnti ke dvArA jainadharmako yugAnukUla rUpa diyA / sIyaMkaroMkI yaha paramparA vaijJAnika dRSTise satyakA anveSaNa karanevAlI eka pramukha paramparA rahI hai / nizcaya hI mahAvIra dharma pravartaka hI nahIM, apitu mahAna lokanAyaka, dharmanAyaka, krAMtikAro sudhAraka, sabave pathapradarzaka aura vizvavandhutvake pratIka the| unameM alaukika sAhasa, sumeru tuspa avicala dRr3hatA, sAgaropama gambhIratA evaM adbhuta sahanazIlatA vidyamAna pii| unhoMne rUr3hivAda, pAkhaNDa, mithyAbhimAna aura varNabhedake aMdhakArapUrNa gambhora gartameM giratI huI mAnavatAko uThAnemeM athaka prayAsa kiyA / unake kaivalyAlokase mAnava-hRdayoMkA ajJAna rUpI aMdhakAra chinna ho gayA aura binAzonmukha mAnavatA ko prANa prApta huaa| __ mahAvIrako sAdhanA vItarAgatAkI sAdhanA thii| unhoMne vikRtiyoMse mukta hokara zuddha caitanya svarUpa paramAtma-tattvako prApta kiyA aura vizvake samAjavAda, sAmyavAda, ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigrahakA prazasta mArga dikhAkara amaratvakA saMdeza diyaa| rUr3hivAda aura aMdhavizvAsoMkA virodhakara janasAko sahI dizAmeM bar3hanekA mArga-darzana kiyA aura unheM zuddha bitana kI tInatama preraNA dii| - isa prakAra isa yuga ko tIrthaMkara-paramparAko aMtima kar3I bhagavAna mahAvIra haiN| mahAvIrane jana-jovanako to unnata kiyA hI, sAtha hI unhoMne sAdhanAkA aisA mArga prastuta kiyA, jisa mArgapara calakara sabhI vyakti sukha aura zAMti prApta kara sakate haiN| inakA sAdhanA-patha na kisI guruse baMdhA thA aura na kisI zAstra se | yaha baMdhA yA unake apane bhItarako svatantra anubhUtise / tIrthakara pArzvanAyakI tIrthaparamparAke tahate hue ghAToMkA punaruddhAra inhoMne kiyaa| zramaNoM kI prAcIna sAdhanA zrama, zAMti aura saMyamakI po / mahAvIrane bhI isI sAdhanAmArgako gatizIla bnaayaa| __ unake dhyAnayogakI sAdhanA Atma-sAdhanA thI, bhayase pare thI, pralobhanoMse pare aura rAga evaM dveSase pare thii| ve nIla gaganake nIce hina ansuose bhare nirjana vanameM dhyAnastha ho digambara mudrAmeM avicala rahakara 'sva'ko zodha karate rhe| unake mana meM koI bhI vikalpa nahIM thA / ve lahara aura tUphAnoMse rahita prazAMta mahAsAgarake samAna sthira aura nizcala the| maitrI bhAvanAkA sarvocca tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 21

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mAvarza, jise puSpose hI nahIM, kaMTakoMse bhI pyAra thaa| satAnevAleke prati bhI eka sahaja karuNA aura kalyANakI kAmanA vidyamAna thii| unakA ciMtana thA, jo pA rahA hU~, vaha apanA kiyA hI pA rahA huuN| jo bhoga rahA hai, apanA kiyA hI bhoga rahA huuN| dUsaroMkA koI doSa nhiiN| dUsare sukha-duHsameM nimitta ho sakate hai; kartA nahIM / kartA svayaM mAtmA hI hotA hai| jo karsA hotA hai, vahIM bhoktA bhI hotA hai| kA koI aura bhoksA koI, yaha nahIM ho sakatA / mahAvIra samatvayogake sAdhaka the aura ve karuNAke devatA the| unhoMne viSako amRta banA diyA aura dera-virodhakA zamanakara samatA aura zAM'sakA mArga sthApita kiyA / 22 : vIrSakara mahAvIra aura unakI AvAya paramparA

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4. ema. e. (saMskRta) AgarA vizva vidyAlaya .... 1957 5. ema. e. (hindI) vihAra vizva vidyAlaya 1958 6. ema. e. (prAkRsa) [svarNapadaka],, 1959 7. pI-eca. DI. [haribhadrake kathA-sAhityakA AlocanAtmakara parizIlanaj bhAgalapura vizva vidyAlaya 8. DI. liT [saMskRta-kAvyake vikAsameM jaina kaviyoMkA yogadAna] magadha vizva vidyAlaya 1967 ina rekhAoMse vidita hai ki AcArya zAstro 1937 se 1967 taka lagAtAra 30 varSa satata jJAnArjanameM nirata rahe aura tIvratise samagra zaikSaNika upalabdhiyAM arjita karane meM saphala hue / pratyeka rokSAne prathA apavA dvitIya zreNImeM uttIrNa hote gye| sAhitya-sRjana aura puraskAra-prApti AcArya nemicandrajIko aneka kRtiyoM para puraskAra evaM bahumAna prApta huaa| puraskRta kRtiyo nimna prakAra haiManya prakAzaka puraskAra 1. bhAratIya jyotiSa bhAratIya jJAna poTha uttara pradeza sarakAra 1100) 2. Adi purANameM pratipAdita bhArata varSI-granthamAlA , , 500) 3. saMskRta-gItikAvyAnucintanam " , 1100) ___ isI para vRSabhadeva saMgIta purakAra, zramaNa saMgha dillI .... 2500) 4. saMskRta-kAvyake vikAsameM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna bhAratIya jJAnapITha uttara pradeza sarakAra 500) anya prakAzita racanAe~: 1. snAttaka-saMskRta-vyAkaraNa (maulika) zAnadA prakAzana, paTanA 2. candra-saMskRta-vyAkaraNa motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI 3. hemazabdAnuzAsana : eka adhyayana caukhambA saMskRta bhavana, vArANasI (vyAkaraNazAstrakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana) 4. abhinava prAkRta-vyAkaraNa tArA yaMtrAlaya, vArANasI 5. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhityakA bAlocanAtmaka itihAsa sArA yaMtrAlaya, vArANasI 6. haribhadrake prAkRta-kathAsAhityakA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana prAkRta jaina zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI 7. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana bhAratIya jJAna pITha dillI 8. NamokAra maMtra : eka anucintana bhAratIya zAna pITha, dillI AcArya nemicamda zAstrI : 23 ....

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nahIM aneka janmoM meM sAdhanA sampanna karanI pdd'ii| vastutaH karmoMko kAlimAko saralatApUrvaka dUra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAnava aneka janmoMmeM satya aura ahiMsAkI sAdhanA karake hI apaneko isa yogya banA pAtA hai ki satya aura ahiMsAkI prakAzakiraNeM usake roma-romase prAdurbhUta hoM / indriyoMkI dAsatAko utAra rAga-dveSakA vijayI bana sake / tIrthaMkara pada bar3e bhAgyazAlI sAdhaka puruSa hI prApta karate haiM / sAmAnya sarvajJa, sarvadarzI sAdhu ho jAnA sugama hai, para tribhuvanake mahApuruSoMse pUjisa tIrthaMkarapada pAnA sarala nahIM hai| dharmacakravartIkA yaha mahAn pada aneka janmoMke zrama aura yogasAdhanAse upalabdha hotA hai / mAnava janmagata pUrNatAko prApta karake hI tIrthaMkarapada prApta kara sakatA hai | tIrthaMkarapada isIliye anupama hai ki una jaisA usa kAla meM anya koI nahIM hotA / dharmatIrtha ke pravartaka honeke kAraNa ye bar3e-bar3e AcAryoM dvArA vandanIya hote haiM / ve lokake sarvopari sarvatobhadra kalyANakarttA hote haiM / unakA tIrtha - dharmazAsana samasta Apatti-vipattiyoMkA anta karanevAlA, lokakalyANaka sarvodaya tIrthaM hotA hai / I tIrthaMkara ke zarIrakA pratyeka paramANu yoganarata pUrNatA aura vizuddhatAko prApta kara zuddha pudgala skandha rUpa hIrakakI prabhAko bhI manda kara detA hai sahasrAdhika sUrya ke prakAzako bhI unakI prabhA lajjita karatI hai| ve mahAn, sundara, subhaga, samacaturasra saMsthAna aura yatra vRSabhanArAcasaMhananake dhArI hote haiM / unakA atula bala, ananta jJAna, ananta darzana aura ananta sukha aparimeya hotA hai / jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoMke vinAzase jJAnAdi guNoM kA pUrNa vikAsa aura prakAza tIrthaMkara meM pAyA jAtA hai| ve jIvana mukta saccidAnaMda, zuddha AtmA ho jAte haiM / ataeva zarIrakA koI vikAra unameM zeSa nahIM rahatA / unakI AtmA zuddha aura zarIra bhI zuddha ho jAte haiN| parakA prabhAva yahA~ niHzeSa hai / ataeva vikArake liye kahIM avakAza nahIM haiM / antaraMgameM rAgadveSAdi nahIM uThate aura bahiraMgameM sudhA, tRSA, janma-maraNa, roga-zoka, bhaya Azcarya Adi bhI vikAra nahIM rahatA / vizuddhike puMja uda tIrthaMkaroMmeM zuddha, buddha, paramotkRSTa AtmatatvakA pratyakSa darzana hotA hai / ataeva unake nikaTa Adhi-vyAdhi nahIM rahatI / phalasvarUpa bahuta dUra-dUra taka na to durbhikSajanya bAdhA rahatI hai aura na paraspara meM vaira-virodha hI rahatA hai| sabhI cara-acara prANI premamandAkinImeM nimagna ho jAte haiM / ma'nava kyA svargake devagaNa bhI unake darzana kara apane ko pavitra mAnate haiM / unakI dharma-dezanAse saMsArake sabhI prANI pavitra ho jAte haiM / mautikatAmeM bhaTakatA huA mana keMdrita ho jAtA hai aura bAdhyAtmika lokatantrakI sahaja meM pratiSThA ho 24 : tIyaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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panna-sampAvana mudramAkrama meM yugoM-yugoMmeM jainadharma bhArata dharma mahAmaNDala bambaI sapane mo raha gaye bAre 1. mahAkavi kAlidAsakI upamAna-yojanA 2. vAkyagaThana : vRttivicAra 3. adhamImAMsA-siddhAnta aura vinimaya 4. mahAkavi vANake zatazabda 5. saMskRta aitihAsika nATakoMkA vivecanAtmaka anuzIlana 6. jainadarzana 7. saMskRta kaviyoMkA jIvana-darzana 8. samarAiccakahA (sampAdana) 5. candramAlana na samAyama AcArya zAstrIne ina granthoMko Arambha kiyA thA, para ve inheM pUrA nahIM kara ske| prasiyA ___ AcArya zAstrI na kevala sAhitya-sAdhaka manISI the, apitu samAja-sevaka evaM loka-sevaka bhI the| ApakI sevAeM evaM pravRttiyAM bahumukhI thiiN| unameM kucha isa prakAra haiM 1. mAnada nidezaka : deva kumAra jaina prAcyavidyA zodha-saMsthAna 2. upAdhyakSa : akhila bhAratIya di0 jena vidvatpariSad 3. saMyakta maMtrI zrI gaNezavarNI di0 jena saMsthAna, vArANasI 4. TrasTI : vIra sevA mandira-TrasTa, vArANasI 5. sadasya-prabandhakAriNI : syAdvAda-mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI inake atirikta hiMsA, prAkRta aura jaina vidyA zodhasaMsthAna vaizAlI (bihAra), bihAra prAntIya di0 jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI Adi saMsthAoMke bhI Apa mAnada sadasya the| unjena (ma0 pra0) meM hue akhila bhAratIya prAcya-vidyA sammelanake 26veM adhivezanameM prAkRta aura jaina vidyA vibhAgake Apa adhyakSa hue the| isa taraha AcArya zAstrIkA samagra jIvana loka-sevA evaM sAMskRtika pravRttiyoMmeM sadaiva ghulA-milA rahA / eka darjanase adhika chAtroMko vibhinna jaina athavA anya viSayoM meM pI-eca. Do0 karAyA aura usake lie sadA udyata rhe| Apa chAtroM aura adhyApakoMke paramahiteSI evaM kalpataru the / parivAra Apake parivArameM 70 varSIyA vRddhA mAtA jAvitrI bAIjI, vidhavA patnI prAcArya nemicanda zAstrI : 25

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mUlyavAna : atItaparyAya yoM to yaha jIva anAdi kAlase saMsAra paribhramaNa karatA calA A rahA hai / isakI una asaMkhyAta paryAya - janmoM kA koI mahattva nahIM hai; kyoMki jina paryAya yA janmoMmeM isane apanI Atmazaktike vikAsakA koI prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| paryAya yA janma vahI mahattvapUrNa yA mUlyavAna hai, jisameM vyakti janma-maraNake cakrase mukti prApta karaneke liye sakalpa yA sAdhanAkA Arambha karatA hai / vigata una agaNita janmoM kA koI mahattva yA mUlya nahIM haiM, isalie ki jinameM cetanake svarUpa bodhake prApta karane kA prayAsa nahIM huA hai| vastutaH jIvanake do rUpa haiM : 1. martya jIvana aura 2. amartya jIvana jisa jIvanameM kSaNabhaMgura viSama bhogoMkI tRptikA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha martya jIvana hai aura yaha jIvana mUlyahIna hai| mUlyakI pratiSThA amatyaM jIvanameM hotI hai| yaha jIvana amRta aura amara isIliye kahA jAtA hai ki isameM dharma-aMkura utpanna hotA hai, athavA dharmakA bIja vapana kiyA jAtA hai| I tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake agaNita aura saMkhyAtIta janmoMmeM bhilla jIvanakA sabase adhika mahattva aura mUlya hai| kyoMki isI jIvanameM unheM yogirAjakA AzIrvAda milA aura mohagranthiko bhedana karaneke liye niSThAko prApti huI 1 isa jIvana meM ahiMsAkA bIja vapana huA / hisAnando pururavA bhIla kisa prakAra karuNAvRttike kAraNa tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake padako prApta huA, yaha mananIya aura cintanIya hai | vAstava meM vahI manuSyajanma saphala hai, jisameM AtmotyA nakI preraNA prApta ho, jisa jIvanase sAvanAkA mArga Arambha ho aura jIvanakA timira chinna hokara jJAna kA AlokadIpa prajvalita ho sake / pururavAparyAya : maMgala prabhAta tIrthaMkara mahAvIra cananekA upakrama bhillasaradAra pururavAke jIvanase hotA hai / yaha saradAra puNDarIkiNI nagarIse dUravartI madhuka nAmaka araNya meM nivAsa karatA thaa| aneka bhilla isakI sevAmeM tatpara rahate the tathA isakI AzAkA pAlana karanA ve apanA parama karttavya samajhate the / isa pururavAkI patnIkA nAma kAlikA thA, jo atyanta bhadra pariNAmI aura kalyANakAriNI thI / bhillarAja apane sAthiyoMke sAtha dasyu karma karatA huA AkheTameM saMlagna rahatA thA / eka dina pati-patnI vana vihArake liye gaye / pururavAne vRkSoMke jhuramuTa meM do camakatI A~kheM dekhIM / usane anumAna lagAyA ki vahA~ koI jaMgalI jAnavara sthita hai / ataeva dhanuSa para bANa car3hAyA aura saghana vRkSoMke bIca sthita usa vyaktikA vadha karanA cAhA / kAlikAne bIcameM roka kara kahA - "nAtha ! yahA~ zikAra 26 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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nahIM hai vanadevatA haiN| yadi jaMgalI jAnavara hotA, to usakI itanI zAnta ceSTA nahIM ho sakatI thii|" pururavA Azcarya cakita ho gayA aura vaha usa jhuramuTakI ora calA / vahA~ usane pahuMca kara dekhA ki eka muni dhyAnasya haiM / patipatnIne bhakti vibhora hokara munikI vandanAkI aura phala-puSpoMse arcanA kii| ina nimrantha yogirAjakA nAma sAgarasena thaa| dhyAnasamAdhi TUTanepara munirAja ne pururavAko nikaTa bhavya jAna dharmopadeza denA prArambha kiyA-'bhillarAja ! kyoM mohameM par3e ho ? nirIha prANiyoMkI hiMsA karate hue tumheM kaSTa nahIM hotA? duHkhakA kAraNa hiMsA, jhUTha, coro Adi pApa haiM / yadi tuma apane jIvanakIdhArAko parivartita kara do, to sukha-zAMti prApta karane meM tanika bhI kaThinAI na ho / tuma isa zarIrako apanA mAnate ho, yaha bhrAnti hai| yaha zarIra to yahIM raha jAtA hai-miTTI meM mila jAtA hai| isa zarIra-mandirameM jo bolatA huA hasa hai, naha uha jAtA hai ! vara haMsa tama ho / ataeva tuma amara ho, zarIrake nAza honepara bhI tuma rahoge / phira isa zarIrase kyoM moha karate ho ? kyoM prANiyoMkI hiMsAmeM saMlagna ho ? pathikoMko lUTa kara unakA sarvasva apaharaNa karanA kyA ucita hai|" manovijJAnI munirAjane bhillarAjake manako punaH jhakajhorate hue kahA"manuSya-anma pAnA durlabha hai / isa durlabha ratnako prApta kara hiMsA aura corImeM saMlagna rahanA ThIka nahIM hai|"milraaj kahane lagA-"mahArAja ! meM bhilloMkA saradAra huuN| mere sAthI jo lUTa-pATa kara lAte haiM, usameM merA hissA rahatA hai| maiM hiMsra jIvoMko mArakara mArgako nirApada banAtA huuN|" munirAja kahane lage-"are, bhole jIva ! tuma nahIM samajhate ho ki pApAcaraNameM koI kisIkA sAthI nahIM hotA hai| pApa kamI sukhakA kAraNa nahIM bana sakate / inake sevanase antarAtmA kaluSita ho jAtI hai aura vyakti apane nija svarUpako bhUla jAtA hai / yaha mohodayakA pariNAma hai ki Apake mukha se isa prakArakI bAteM nikala rahI haiN| sAttvika pravRttiko pratyeka vyakti sukhaprada mAnatA hai| jo pApakA sevana karatA hai, usako rAjadaNDa, samAjadaNDa aura AtidaNDa prApta hotA hai / hiMsA kabhI sukhadAyaka nahIM ho skto|" bhillarAja munike upadezase atyadhika prabhAvita huaa| usane patnI sahita munirAjase ahiMsANavata grahaNa kiyA aura usakA tatparatA pUrvaka pAlana kiyA / ahiMsaka AcaraNase pururavAkA jIvana hI badala gayA, vaha samabhAvI bana gayA / jo jIva-jantu pahale usake pAsa Ate hue bhayabhIta rahate the, ve aba nirbhaya hokara pAsa Ane lage aura usase pyAra karane lage | bhilla rAjake hRdayameM dayA aura tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 27

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karuNAkA sarovara utpanna ho gayA / isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIrakI jIvAtmA. ne AtmotthAnakI sAdhanA isa bhillaparyAyase prArambha kii| isa paryAya meM usane zrAvakake dvAdaza vratoMkA abhyAsa kiyA ! Ayuke anta meM bholakA jIva isa nazvara zarIrako chor3akara svargameM deva huaa| pUrva saMskAra vaza vaha svargake divya bhogoMmeM Asakta nahIM huA, kintu dharmArAdhanAmeM samaya vyatIta karatA rahA / saudharma svargakI Ayu samApta kara vaha jIya bhAratavarSake Adi cakravartI bharatakA 'marIci' nAmaka putra huaa| marIci Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadevake mAhI digambara mani ho gaye, kintu ve tapasvI jovanako kaThinAIyoMko sahana na kara sake / marIci vana meM rahakara apane zarIrakI zIta-Atapase rakSA karatA huA, banake phala khAkara samaya vyatota karatA rahA ! vaha ratnatrayake mArgapara dRr3ha na raha sakA aura usa mAgase cyuta ho eka mithyA sampradAyake pracArameM saMlagna ho gayA / satyakI ora vaha bar3hA huA, bIca meM hI ruka gyaa| usakA jIvanaparISahoMke jhaTakoMko saha nahIM skaa| phalataH vaha vicalita ho gyaa| pururavAke janmameM jo saMskAra ajita kiye the, ve aba dhUmila hone lage / jIvanakA yathArtha artha usake netroMse omala hone lgaa| jahA~ zarIra AtmAke liye hotA hai, AdhyAtmika vikAsameM sahayoga pradAna karatA hai, vahAM jIvana prANavAna bana jAtA hai| isake viparIta jahA~ zarIra apane ApameM sAdhya bana jAtA hai, AramAke vikAsako upekSAkI jAtI hai, vahA~ cetanake sthAna para jar3akI pratiSThA ho jAtI hai| vizvAsa, vicAra aura AcAra ina tInoMkA samyaka honA Avazyaka hai / marIci samyak AcAra-vicAra aura zraddhAko chor3a kAya-klezameM pravRtta huA / vaha paMcAgni tapa karatA tathA sUryake samakSa dRSTi kara eka paira para khar3A hokara dinabhara tapazcaraNa saMlagna rahatA / ajJAnatApUrvaka kiyA gayA sapa bhI kiMcit phala detA hai / ataeva kAya-klezake prabhAvase marodhine marakara brahmasvarga meM devaparyAya prApta kiyaa| aba vaha ahiMsA-saMskArase dUra bhaTaka gayA thA, bhogoMmeM magna raha rahA thA / vahA~se bhoga bhogakara mahAborake isa jIvane manuSyaparyAya prApta kiyaa| mahAvIra : jaTilaparyAya : patanako bhora mahAvIrakA yaha jIva brahmasvargase cyuta hokara ayodhyA nagarImeM kapila bAhmaNake yahA~ jaTila nAmaka putra huA ! kapilakI strIkA nAma kAlo thaa| ina donoMko jaTilake prati apUrva mamatA thii| jaTilane veda-smRti Adi granyoMkA 28 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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adhyayana kara pUrNa pANDitya prApta kiyA aura kumArAvasthAmeM hI saMsAra chor3a saMnyAsa mArga grahaNa kiyA / jaTila AgamakA viruddha arthakara logoMko kumArgakI zikSA detA aura unheM ekAnta mArgapara calaneke liye prerita karatA / jaTilane saMnyAsI avasthA meM aneka prakArakA buddha ra tapazcaraNa kiyA, para usakI sAdhanA AdhyAtmikatAse zUnya thii| vaha ajJAnatApUrvaka kaThora tapazcaraNa karatA rahA / AtmA aura paramAtmA ke parijJAnake abhAva meM usako sAghanA saphala nahIM ho skii| phalataH vaha sAdhanA kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa AyukA anta kara svarga meM prathama deva huA / pururavAparyAya meM ahiMsAkA jo bIja vapana huA thA, vaha abhItaka aMkurita na ho sakA aura mahAvIrakA vaha jIva utpAnase patanakI ora gatizIla hone lagA / yaha satya hai ki tyAga dvArA arjita saMskAroMkA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa jIvane bhI saMnyAsa - mArga grahaNakara mithyA tapAcaraNa kiyA, para antarAtmAmeM sthita saMskAra kabhI-kabhI jora mArate rhe| puSyamitraparyAya : agatizIlatA mahAvIrakA vaha jIva saudhamaM svargase cyuta ho ayodhyApurIke sthUNAgAra nagarameM bhAradvAja nAmaka brAhmaNa aura unakI puSpadattA nAmaka patnIse puSyamitra nAmaka putra huaa| puSyodayake kAraNa puSyamitrakA pAlana-poSaNa samRddharUpa meM sampanna huA / usane saMskAravaza ghor3e hI dinoMmeM veda-purANa Adi pratyoMkA adhyayana kiyA / puSyamitrakA vivAha samArohapUrvaka sampanna huaa| kucha dinoMtaka vaha sAMsArika sukha bhogatA rahA / patnIkA svargavAsa ho jAneke kAraNa usake manameM virakti utpanna huii| mithyAtvake udayase vaha 'Atma' pariNatikA tyAga kara 'para' - pariNati meM pravRtta huA / apanI AtmAkI paramajyotiko vaha bhUla gayA phalataH usake samasta kArya adhyAtmapoSaka na hokara zarIrapoSaka ho hone lage / phalasvarUpa kaThora sAdhanA karanepara bhI zArIrika kaSTake atirikta anya koI upalabdhi na ho sakI / kaSTasahiSNutA ke kAraNa manda kaSAya honese usane deva AyukA bandha kiyA aura phalasvarUpa svarga meM prathama deva huA / isa devaparyAyameM karmodayase prApta saMsAra ke sukhoM kA upayoga karatA rhaa| sukhasAmagrIkA jitanA Adhikya use upalabdha hotA, utanI hI usakI becainI bar3hatI jAtI thI / ataeva devagati ke sukhoMkA upabhoga karate hue bhI use eka kSaNake liye bhI zAnti prApta na huI / marIcike bhavase agatizIlatAkI jo sthiti utpanna huI thI, vaha jyoMkI tyoM banI rahI / majJAnapUrvaka kiye gaye tapane jIvana meM na koI gati utpanna kI aura na kisI Alokako hI prAdurbhUta hone diyA / vikAsakI apekSA hrAsa hI utpanna hotA rahA / arjita saMskAra ajJAnatAmeM dabane lage / | tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 29

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agnisaha haThayogako sAmanA puSyamitrake jIvana meM haThayogako sAdhanA ArambhakI gayI thI, vaha sAdhanA Avartakadazamalava gaNitake samAna bar3ha rahI thii| asaeva puSyamitrakA vaha jIva svargase maraNakara bharata kSetrameM zvetika nAmake nagarameM agnibhUta brAhmaNa aura unakI strI gautamose agnisaha nAmaka putra huA / isa paryAyameM isane dharma, artha aura kAma ina tInoM puruSArthoMkA yathocita sevana kiyA / saMnyAsa saMskAra ho gayA thA, haThayogakA sAdhanA abhI apUrNa kii| phalataH yaha vAsI banA aura usakA madhura phala use svarga milaa| svargake divya bhoga-bhogakara vaha puna: ekabAra agnimitra nAmaka parivrAjaka haA aura AMzika sAdhanAke phalasvarUpa, use punaH svarga sukha prApta huaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki choTA-sA acchA bIja bhI madhura phala utpanna karatA hai| eka janmameM kI gayo ahiMsAko AMzika sAdhanA bhI aneka janmoMmeM phala detI hai| ataeva vaha svargase cyuta ho, bhAradvAja nAmaka tridaNDI sAdhu hA 1 mithyA zraddhAko vaha dUra na kara sakA / devagatike bhogoMmeM Asaka ho gayA / isa indriyAsaktine use aneka kuyoniyoMmeM paribhramaNa kraayaa| pUrvasaMcita zubhakarmodayase, use manuSya janma bhI milA / isa janmako sArthaka karane ke liye paribrAjaka dIkSA grahaNakI aura ajJAnapUrvaka tapa kiyA / AtmAnubhavase vaha dUra rahA / phalataH nirvANa yA AtmakalyANakI dizAkI ora baha pravRtta na ho skaa| yaha satya hai ki vivekapUrvaka kiyA gayA tapa hI siddhikA kAraNa hotA hai / vizvanandI : nayA mor3a magadha deza apanI dhanadhAnya sampatti ke liye sadAse prasiddha rahA hai| yaha pradeza pavitratA aura ramaNIyatAkI saMgamabhUmi hai| yahA~ke kaNa-kaNane prAcIna kAlase hI janamAnasako AkRSTa kiyA hai / isa pradezameM rAjagRha nAmaka prasiddha nagara hai, jisameM vizvabhUti nAmaka rAjA nyAya-nItipUrvaka zAsana karatA thaa| mahAvIrakA vaha jIva svargase cyuta hokara isa rAjAke yahA~ vizvanandI nAmaka putra huA / 'honahAra viravAnake hota cIkane pAsa nItike anusAra vizvanandI zaizava kAlase hI bhaviSNu, pratibhAzAlI aura tejasvI dikhalAyI par3atA thaa| usakI tejasvitAko dekhakara sabhI Azcarya cakita the| jo bhI usa bAlakako dekhatA thA, vaha usake svabhAva tathA gaNoMko prazaMsA kiye binA nahIM rahatA thA / samaya pAkara vizvanandI yuvaka huaa| vaha sabhI vidyA aura kalAoMmeM pravINa huA aura usakA vivAha aneka sundarI kanyAoMke sAtha sampanna huaa| vizvanamdIke parAkrama aura pratApase sabhI prajA saMtuSTa thI aura sabhI loga usake svabhAvakI punaH punaH prazaMsA 30 : tIrthakara mahAyora aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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karate the| vaha sevA, tyAga, sAhitya, kalA Adiko pUrNa Adara pradAna karatA thaa| usakA abhimata thA-"yadi jIvana meM savA, tyAga aura saMyama na rahe, so jIvana nissAra ho jAtA hai| yadi kalA, sAhitya, kAvya aura darzanakI saritA pRthvIpara pravAhita na ho, to pRthvI asuroMkA akhAr3A bana jAye | mAnavatAkA pracAra kalA, kAvya aura darzanake dvArA hI hotA hai| jisaprakAra zArIrika svAsthyako ThIka rakhane ke liye pauSTika bhojanakI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra Antarika svAsthyako anukUla banAye rakhane ke liye tyAga, sevAvRtti, kalA aura kauzalakI AvazyakatA hai|" vizvanandI apane isa vicArake anusAra sAMsArika sukhoMko bhogatA huA bhakti, sevA aura saMyamakI ora bhI pravRtta rahA / usakA jIvana Adarza jIvana thaa| vaha viSayabhogoMse usI taraha alipta thA, jisaprakAra kamalapatra jalase / bhaktiyoga, karmayoga aura jJAnayoga ina tInoM kA samanvaya usake jIvana meM vidyamAna thA / vizvabhUtike bhAIkA nAma vizAkhabhUti thA aura vizAkhabhUtike putrakA nAma vizAkhanandI / vizvabhUti eka dina apanI aTTAlikApara baiThe hue meghoMko sundara AkRtikA avalokana kara rahe the| unhoMne sahasA dekhA ki vaha medhAkRti vAyuke eka moMkese kSaNabharameM chinna-bhinna ho gayI / isa dRzyake dekhanese unako antarAtmA prabhAvita huI aura ve socane lage ki manuSya-janmako sArthakatA AdhyAtmika prAptimeM hai| yaha bhava candanake kASThake samAna hai, jise kSara jantu kAmopabhoga-vAsanAoMke kaNDameM dagdhakara akicina prayojanake hetu naSTa kara dete haiM, para jo mananazIla haiM, prabaddhacetA hai; ve isa kASThakA gharSaNa kara sugandha prApta karate haiM aura isa gandhase antaraMga evaM bahiraMgako sapta kara lete haiN| yaha manuSya janma kisanA mahAn hai| Aja bhI anya prANI usI pUrva avasthAmeM haiM, jisameM anAdikAlameM the aura unake sabhI vyApAra utane hI sImita hai, jitane pUrva yugameM the / manuSya hI eka aisA bhava hai, jisameM adhyAtma-saMpattikA vikAsa saMbhava hotA hai / jo isa bhavako prAptakara saMyama grahaNa nahIM karatA, ahiMsAkA AcaraNa nahIM karatA, usakA nara-janma pAnA sArthaka nahIM hai| vastutaH isa manuSya-janmako tapa, jJAna aura cAritrakI sAdhanA dvArA sArthaka banAnA hI jIvanakA lakSya hai| maiMne abataka moha aura kaSAyake udayase agaNita varSa ina sAMsArika viSayoMmeM vyatIta kara die haiM / ataeva aba mujhe AtmakalyANake liye pravRtta honA cAhiye / " isaprakAra vicArakara vizvabhUtine apane bhAI vizAkhabhUtiko bulAkara kahA ki maiM aba saMsArase virata hokara AtmasAdhanAke hetu zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhatA huuN| ataeva "vatsa ! tuma isa rAjyabhArako grahaNa kro|" tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 31

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vizAkhamUtine anurodha karate hue kahA-"prabho, abhI kucha dinataka aura zAsana kIjiye / Apake rahate hue hama nizcinta haiM / hameM kisI prakArako cintA nahIM hai / abhI ApakA tAruNya hai| ataH ina sAMsArika bhogoMko chor3akara amaNa-dIkSA grahaNa karanA ucita nhiiN|" vizvabhUtine usara diyA-"vassa, matyu kisIko nahIM dekhtii| usakI dRSTima rUpa-kurUpa, jAnI-azAnI, paNDita-apaNDita, banInirdhana, yuvA-vRddha sabhI samAna haiM / ataH Atma-hitasAdhanake liye jitanI jaldI prayAsa kiyA jA sake, zreyaSkara hai|" __ jIvana osa kaNake samAna asthira hai| saMsArake bhoga dekhate-dekhate vilIna honevAle haiN| zarIra, parA aura bhoga vidyutke samAna caMcala haiN| attaH bAtmotyAnameM salAna honeke liye prayatnazIla honA mere liye Avazyaka hai"| isaprakAra uttara pratyuttara sampanna honeke anantara vizvabhUtine apane bhAI vizAkhabhUtikA rAjyAbhiSeka karanekI taiyArI kii| rAjagRha nagarIko pUrNatayA sajjita kiyA gyaa| cAroM ora dhvaja, vandanavAra lagAye gaye / puSpamAlAeM pramukha mArgopara laTakA dI gyiiN| candana-kumakumase chir3akAva kiyA gyaa| rAjoSita sAmagriyAM ekatra kI gyiiN| zaMkhadhvani huii| tUryamerI Adi dhAtra jaba utthe| maMgalAcAra sampanna kiyA gyaa| purodhAoMne maMtrapATha kiyA aura vizAkhabhUtiko rAjyake paTTapara pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| prakRti ke aNu-aNumeM navacetanA vyApta ho gyii| sahamadala kamala vikasita ho gaye / puSpoMkA saurabha aura suSamA janamAnasako Atmavibhora banAne lgii| mohaka vasaMtaRtukA sAmrAjya vyApta ho gyaa| aise hI manorama samaya meM vizvabhUtine zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| paMca muSThI loJcakara guruse digambara munike vratoMkI yAcanA kI aura una vratoMko grahaNakara ve dezAntarameM vihAra kara gye| vizAkhabhUtine apane bar3e bhAI vizvabhUtike putra vizvanandoko parAkamazAlI aura tejasvI samajha yuvarAjake padapara pratiSThita kiyA / vizvanandI apane kAryoM meM pUrNatayA satarka aura sAvadhAna rahatA thaa| vaha rAja-kAjameM bhI yatheSTa sahAyatA pradAna karatA thaa| usane apane vilAsake liye eka sundara udyAna banavAyA aura usameM AnandapUrvaka nivAsa karane lgaa| isa udyAna meM Ama, azoka, anAra Adike agaNita vRkSa the| usakI sundaratA aura madhyameM nirmita sarovaraphI ramaNIyatAko dekhakara manuSyoMkI to bAta hI kpA, devoMkA bhI mana caMcala ho jAtA thaa| sarovarake madhya rakta, pIta, harita mAdi nAnA varNake kamala vikasita ho rahe the| sarovarake ghATa sundara banAye gaye the, jinapara haMsa, mayUra AdikI AkRtiyA~ aMkita kI gayI thI / vibhinna prakArako latAeM 32 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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aura unase nirmita latAmaMDapa adbhuta saundaryakA sRjana karate the / udyAnake madhyameM vizrAma karaneke hetu maNimANikyoMse khacita zilAtala nirmita kiye gaye the| sabhI milAkara vaha udyAna rAjagRha nagara ke sauMdaryakA pratimAna thA / eka dina vATikA usI mArga se vizAstrabhUtikA putra vizAkhanandI jA rahA thaa| jaba usakI dRSTi usa manorama vATikApara par3I, to usakA mana uchalane lagA | vaha socane lagA- "yoM to maiMne aneka bAra isa vATikAke darzana kiye haiM, kintu Aja yaha mujhe sabase adhika sundara laga rahI hai| isa udyAnakI prAptike abhAva meM to yaha jIvana hI vyartha hai / vaha zubhAvasara kaba prApta hogA, jaba meM ise vizvanandI se chInakara apanA svatva sthApita kara sakUMgA / " rAjakArya sarala rekhAkI gatise nahIM calatA / isameM aneka vakratAoM kA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai| acAnaka vizAkhabhUtiko samAcAra prApta huA ki kAmarUpakA samIpavartI rAjA vidrohI ho gayA hai| usane kara denA banda kara diyA hai aura vizAkhabhUtiko AjJA mAnanese bhI inkAra kara rahA hai| rAjadUta aura caroMne bhI Akara batalAyA ki kAmarUpanareza rAjAjJAko nahIM mAna rahA hai / usane rAjagRhake rAjadUtako vahAMse nirvAsita kara diyA hai aura apaneko svataMtra ghoSita kara diyA hai| isa samAcArale vizAkhamUrti cintita huA aura usane rAjasabhAmeM apanA vicAra sAmantoMke samakSa rkhaa| amAtya aura sAmantoMne apane - apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue kahA- "aba isa vidrohako zamana karaneke lie sasainya AkramaNa karanA cAhiye / isa prakAra to sabhI nareza svataMtra hote jAyeMge aura rAjagRhakI sattA hI samApta ho jAyagI / " sabhAke isa vicArako sunakara yuvarAja vizvanandI kahane lagA- "tAta, mere rahate hue Apako yuddhabhUmimeM jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| Apa mere bala - pauruSa para vizvAsa kIjiye / meM thor3I-sI senA lekara hI jAUMgA aura rAjavidrohIko kekara Apake sAmane upasthita kara dUMgA / kAmarUpanareza abhI hamArI zaktise aparicita hai / use yaha nahIM mAlUma ki mAgadhoM meM kitanI zakti hai ? hamArA pratyeka sAmanta kAmarUpanarezako parAsta karanekI kSamatA rakhatA hai / maiM sAmantoMke Upara isa dAyitvako chor3anA nahIM cAhatA / ataeva Apa mujhe Adeza dIjiye / meM kAmarUpanarezako baMdI banAkara kucha hI dinoM meM yahA~ upasthita kara dUMgA / " yuvarAja vizvanandIke atyadhika Agrahako dekhakara vizAkhabhUtine use Akra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 33 3

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maNa karanekA Adeza diyA / raNa-vAdya baja utthe| vIra sainikoMne yuddhabhUmimeM sammilita honeke hetu taiyAriyAM Arambha kii| talavAroMkI khanakhanAhaTa aura kavacoMkI jhanajhanAhaTane AkAzako pUrita kara diyaa| zubha muhUrta meM vizvanandIke netRtvameM caturaMgiNI senAne prasthAna kiyA aura kucha dinoM taka nirantara prayANa. karaneke pazcAt rAjagRhavAhinIne kAmarUpakI sImAmeM praveza kiyaa| kAmarUpanarezane bhI yuddhake nimitta apanI senA taiyAra kI aura nizcita samayapara donoM orako senAoMmeM yuddha hone lgaa| rAjagRhake kuzala sainikoMke samakSa kAmarUpake sainika Thahara na ske| kucha hI ghaNToMke yuddhake pazcAt bhagadar3a maca gayo / senA asta-vyasta ho gayI aura kAmarUpanareza vaMdI banA liyA gyaa| vizvanandI use yuddhabandI banAkara rAjagRha le AyA aura vizAkhabhUtike samakSa upasthita kiyA / samrATa vizAkhabhUtine kAmarUpanarezake samakSa saMdhiko zata prastuta kI, jinakA pAlana karanekA usane pUrNa vacana diyaa| kAmarUpanareza svataMtra kara diyA gayA aura daNDasvarUpa usase pAMcaso hAthI evaM pAMca sahasra svarNamudrAe~ le lI gyiiN| yuvarAja vizvanandI jaba udyAna-vihArake liye pahuMcA, to usane vahA~ dekhA ki vizAkhanandIne usakI anumattike binA udyAnapara adhikAra kara liyA hai / udyAnake madhyameM nirmita uttuGga bhavanake dvAroMpara usane apane paharedAroMko niyukta kara diyA / phalataH jaba vizvanandI mahalameM praveza karane lagA, to pahare. dAroMne use rokA aura kahA-"rAjakumAra vizAkhanandIkI AjJAke binA Apa isameM praveza nahIM kara sakate / aba yaha bhavana aura vATikA ApakI nahIM rahI, vizAkhanandIko hai / kumArako AjJAke binA yahA~ koI bhI nahIM AsakatA aura na isa vATikAmeM vihAra hI kara sakatA hai|" vizvanandI socane lagA ki ina nirIha prasihAriyoMse saMgharSa karanA vyartha hai| yoM to apane cacere bhAI vizAkhanandIse bhI meM jhagar3A karanA nahIM cAhatA / ataeva pahale maiM use yahAM bulAkara bAteM kara lenA Avazyaka samajhatA hai, jisase parasparakI mithyA dhAraNA dUra ho jAye / apane ukta vicArAnusAra usane kumAra vizAkhanandIko bulAkara kahA"vatsa, tumane merI anumattike binA udyAnapara kyoM adhikAra kara liyA hai aura kyoM vahA~para apane pratihAriyoMko niyukta kiyA hai ? maiM kucha kAraNa samajha nahIM sakA huuN| yadi tumhe vATikAse prema hai, to tumhAre liye dUsarI vATikAkI 34 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vyavasthA kI jA sakatI hai| choTI-sI bAtoMko lekara pArivArika kalaha karanA ucita nahIM hai| parivArameM tabhI zAnti aura ekatA vidyamAna rahatI hai, jaba parasparameM udAratApUrNa premakA vAra kiyA jAye ! matagata nA udyAnaparase apanA adhikAra haTA lo|" vizvanandIke isa kathanako sunakara vizAkhanandIne uttara diyA-"yaha upavana mujhe mere pitAne diyA hai aura aba maiM isakA svAmI hU~ / ataeva maiM ise yoM hI vApasa nahIM kara sakatA / yadi sAmarthya hai, to tuma lar3akara ise le lo|" _ vizvanandI krodhAviSTa ho vizAkhanandIko mAraneke liye daudd'aa| vizAkhanaMdI bhayase AtaMkita ho eka unnata vRkSake Upara car3ha gayA / kumAra vizvanandIne usa unnata kapittha vRkSako jar3ase ukhAr3akara pheMka diyA aura use mAraneke liye udyata huaa| yaha dekha vizAkhanandI vahA~se bhAgA aura eka pASANa stambhake pIche chipakara beTha gyaa| zaktizAlI vizvanandIne apane muSTiprahArase usa pattharake stambhako cUra-cUra kara DAlA / aba vizAkhanandIko kahIM chipakara prANa bacAnekA sthAna nahIM thA / ata: vaha palAyanavAdI nIti svIkAra kara vahA~se bhAgA / jaba kumAra vizvanandIne apane apakAra karanevAleko isaprakAra bhAgate hue dekhA to usakA sauhArda aura karuNA jAgRta ho uThI / usane kumArako rokate hue kahA"bhaya mata kro| tuma mere bhAI hI ho / maiM aba tumhAre Upara zastra prahAra nahIM kruuNgaa| tumhAre prati mere hRdayameM mamatA hai / maiM tumheM apanA upavana deneko taiyAra hUM / aba jaba tuma AtmasamarpaNa karaneko prastuta ho, to mujhe upavana dene meM kisI bhI prakArako Apatti nahIM hai| yadi yaha kArya pahale hI kiyA gayA hotA, to na tumheM kaSTa hotA aura na mujhe hI klezakA anubhava karanA pdd'taa|" __ isaprakAra vizAkhanandIko sAMtvanA dekara vizvanandIne use vaha vATikA sauMpa dI / aba vizvanando saMsArako svArthaparatAke sambandhameM socane lagA-"maiMne isasasArakI svArthaparatA dekha lI / cAcAjIne mujhe kAmarUpanarezako vaza karaneke liye bhejA aura merI anupasthiti meM merI vATikApara vizAkhanandIkA Adhipatya karA diyaa| vizAkhanandImeM na zArIrika bala hI hai aura na Atmika bala / usakA manobala itanA kamajora hai ki vaha merA to kyA kisI acche senikakA bhI sAmanA nahIM kara sktaa| yaha saMsAra svArthIkA akhAr3A hai| isakI anityatA aura anizcitatA sabhIko kaSTa detI hai| kaSAya aura asaMyamake kAraNa aneka gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| yaha manuSyajIvana AtmotthAnake liye prApta huA hai| yadi isa jIvanako sArthaka na kiyA gayA, to phira pazcAttApa hI karanA pdd'egaa| ataeva indriya aura manakA niyantraNakara AtmakalyANameM tIrthakara mahAbIra aura unakI dezanA : 35

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pravRtta honA caahie| jIva anAdi kAlase isa saMsAra meM paMcaparAvartana karatA calA jA rahA hai / jaba saMyamakI prApti ho jAtI hai, tabhI ina parAvarttanoMse chUTakArA prApta hotA hai / ataeva aba mujhe ratnatrayakI ArAdhanA meM pravRtta honA hai / " isaprakAra vicAra kara vizvanandIne zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa karanekA nizcaya kiyaa| vaha apane cAcA vizvabhUti ke samIpa pahu~cA aura nivedana karane lagA" tAta ! maiMne saMsArake rahasyako jJAta kara liyA hai aura medavijJAna dvArA mujhe AtmadRSTi prApta ho gayI hai| Apa mujhe digambara- dIkSA grahaNa karanekI anumati dIjie / meM aba sacce puruSArtha meM pravRtta honA cAhatA hU~ / mAnavazarIrakI prApti bar3e saubhAgyase hotI hai, ise prAptakara sAdhanA dvArA karmasaMtattiko naSTa kara meM svatantra honA cAhatA hU~ / " kumAra vizvanandIke isa kathanako sunakara vizAkhabhUti kahane lagA- " vatsa ! tumane isa avasthA meM hI saMsArakA anubhavakara liyA ! abhI tumheM saMsArake viSayasukhoM kA upabhoga karanA caahiye| jaba cauthApana Arambha ho, taba tuma dIkSA grahaNa karanA | rAjyakI sArI vyavasthA tumhAre Upara hI hai / maiM to socatA thA ki tumhArA rAjyAbhiSeka kara meM digambara-dIkSA grahaNa karUM / vizAkhanandIse tuma paricita hI ho, usameM rAjyakA bhAra vahana karanekI kSamatA nahIM hai / na vaha zUra-vIra hI haiM aura na rAjyazAsana meM kuzala hai / ataeva tuma kucha dinoM taka abhI rAjyasukhakA upabhoga kro| " 1 vizvanandI kahane lagA--" tAta ! maiM isa saMsArakI vAstavikatAko samajha gayA hU~ / AtmotthAna karaneke liye samayakI pratIkSA nahIM kI jAtI / ataH maba mujhe Apa dIkSA grahaNa karanekI anumati dIjiye / " jaba vizvabhUtine kumAra vizvanandIke tyAgabhAvakI gaharAI dekhI, to use zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa karanekI anumati de dI / phalataH vizvanandIne saMsArake samasta parigrahakA tyAgakara sambhUta nAmaka guruke samIpa digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kii| jaba vizAkhabhUtiko vizvanandI kI dIkSAkA samAcAra milA, to usake manameM bar3A pazcAttApa huaa| vaha socane lagA ki - "maiMne apane putrake sAtha pakSapAtakara use vizvanandIkI anupasthitimeM manohara udyAnakA adhipati banA diyA, jisase merI svArthaparatA ke kAraNa vizva nandIko dIkSA grahaNa karanI pdd'ii| yadi maiMne yaha anucita kArya nahIM kiyA hotA, to vizvanandIko dIkSA grahaNa karanekA avasara nahIM AtA aura rAjyakI vyavasthA sudRr3ha rahatI / " isaprakAra pazcAttApa karane ke anantara use bhI virakti ho gayI aura usane bhI saMyama dhAraNa kara liyA / 36 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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muni banakara vizvanandone samasta dezoM meM vihAra karate hue ghora tapazcaraNa kiyA / usakA zarIra atyanta kRza ho gyaa| vaha vibhinna deza aura nagaroMmeM vicaraNa karatA huA mathurA nagarImeM pahu~cA / jaba caryAke liye bhramaNa karane lagA, to bArddhakya evaM zaktikI kSINatAke kAraNa usake paira DagamagA rahe the adhika dUra calanA vizvanandI ke liye kaThina thA / usakI zArIrika zakti kSINa ho cukI thI, para manobala aura Atmabala udIpta the| zarIrase tejapuMja prasphu Tita ho rahA thA, para mArga calane meM use kaThinAI ho rahI thI / idhara pitA muni dIkSA grahaNa karaneke pazcAt bala aura pauruvakI hInatAke kAraNa vizAkhanandI apane samasta rAjyako kho baitthaa| adhInastha rAjA svataMtra ho gaye / vizvanandIne jisa rAjazaktikA saMgaThana kiyA thA, vaha zakti kucha hI varSoMmeM li-mila ho gyii| vAdIko hosI rAjAke yahA~ rAjadUtakA kArya karanA pdd'aa| akSamatAoMke sAtha usakI vyasanoMkI pravRtti bhI uttarottara bar3hatI jAtI thii| yahI kAraNa thA ki vaha dinoM-dina nirdhana aura duHkhI jIvana vyatIta karaneke liye bAdhya ho gayA / saMyogavaza vizAkhanandI apane svAmIkA dUtakArya sampanna karaneke hetu isI samaya mathurA nagarImeM phuNcaa| vaha apanI viSayAbhilASA tRptike liye eka vezyA ke bhavanameM phuNcaa| jisa samaya vaha usake bhavanakI chatapara baiThA huA thA, usI samaya muni vizvanandI usa vaizyAke bhavana ke nIcese caryAke hetu jA rahe the / tatkAla prasUtA eka gAyane kruddha hokara munirAjako dhakkA dekara girA diyA / unheM giratA dekha kroSita ho vizAkhanandI kahane lagA--" tumhArA jo parAkrama pattharakA khambhA tor3ate samaya dekhA gayA thA, vaha Aja kahA~ gayA ? isa samaya to maiM bhI tumheM yamarAjake yahA~ pahuMcA sakatA hU~ / tumane mujhe jo apamAnita kiyA hai, usakA badalA meM tumase cukA sakatA huuN| bar3e bahAdura bane the, Aja eka gAyake dhakkese gira gaye ? yadi aba zakti hai, to merA sAmanA karo / " isaprakAra bhunikI bhartsanA karate hue vizAkhanandIne aneka durvacanoMkA prayoga kiyaa| munirAjakA dherya TUTa gayA / unake manameM bhI vikAra utpanna ho gayA aura kupita hokara mana-hI-mana kahane lage - "isa apamAnakA tU avazya phala prApta karegA 1" munirAja vizvanandI binA caryA kiye hI vApasa lauTa Aye aura unhoMne apaneko asamartha samajha sallekhanA grahaNa kii| kAya aura kaSAyoMko kRza karanepara tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 37

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bhI unhoMne nidAna sahita maraNa kiyA / phalata: mahAvIrake jIva vizvanandIne mahAzukra svarga meM devaparyAya prApta kii| idhara vizAkhabhUtikA jIva bhI sapazcaraNake prabhAvase usI svarga meM deva huaa| ye donoM hI agaNita varSa taka manonukUla sukhoMkA upabhoga karate rhe| vizvanandIke cAcA vizAkhabhUtikA jIva surampadezake podanapura nagarameM prajApati mahArAjako jayAvatI rAnIke garbhase vijayabhUti nAmakA putra huA / vizvanandokA jIva bhI vahA~se cyuta ho inhIM prajApati mahArAjako dUsarI rAnI magAvatIke garbhase tripRSTha nAmakA putra huaa| yaha zivase hI zaravIra aura tejasvI thaa| usake zarIrakI kAMtine candramAkI jyotsanAko bhI parAjita kara diyA thaa| isaprakArake tejasvI kumArako dekhakara sabhI parijana aura purajana Anandita the| prajApati ne apane donoM putroM ke pAlana-poSaNa aura zikSA-dIkSAkA uttama prabandha kiyA / kumAra tripRSTa alpakAla meM hI yuddhavidyAmeM pAraMgata ho gyaa| tripRSTha-paryAya : cakravyUha vizvanandIke bhava meM mahAvIrake jIvane pratizodhakA nidAna bAMdhA thaa| isa nidAnakA phala unheM bhI saMsAra-paribhramaNake rUpameM prApta honA anivArya thaa| tapasyA AtmAko kaMcana banAtI hai / vaha kleza-karmoMko bhasmakara zuddha karatI hai, para jaba isI tapasyA meM nidAnakA saMyoga ho jAtA hai, to yaha AtmAmeM aisA mor3a utpanna karatI hai, jisase lakSya cyuta hone meM vilamba nahIM hotaa| tripaSThako vIratA aura puruSArthake sAtha samasta aihika bhoga upalabdha hue| vaha aneka prakArase saMsArake bhogoMkA sevana karane lgaa| idhara vizAkhanandIkA jIva pApakarmake phalasvarUpa aneka durgatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA huA vijayAddha parvatakI uttarazreNIke alakApura nagarameM mayaragrIva nAmaka vidyAdhara rAjAkI nIlAJjanA nAmaka patnIke garbhase azvagrIva nAmakA putra utpanna huA / azvagrIva bhI pUrvajanmoMmeM kabhI arjita kiye gaye zubha puNyodabase vibhinna prakArake sukhabhogoMko prApta huaa| azvagrova zaktizAlI aura puruSArthI thA / isane bhI astra-zastrakalAmeM nipuNatA prApta kii| ___ vijayAddha parvatakI dakSiNazreNImeM rathanUpuracakravAla nAmaka nagarameM jvalana. jaTI nAmakA vidyAdhara rAjA zAsana karatA thaa| yaha tIna vidyAoMkA svAmI thA / usane apanI zaktise dakSiNazreNIke samasta vidyAdhara rAjAoMko apane vazameM kara liyA thaa| isake bala pauruSake samakSa bar3e-bar3e sAmanta aura zUra-vIra natamastaka rahate the| isa rAjAko patnIkA nAma vAyuvegA thA, jo dyutilaka 38 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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nagarake rAjA vidyAdhara aura subhadrA nAmaka rAnIkI putrI thii| vAyuvegA rUpameM rati aura guNoMmeM lakSmI thii| ekaprakArase rati, lakSmI aura sarasvatI ina tInoMkA samanvaya usameM vidyamAna thA / isa dampatikI do santAneM huI-arkakIrti nAmaka putra aura svayaMprabhA nAmaka putrii| svayaMprabhAke zarIrase lAvaNyakI koti nissRta hotI thI / usane apane rUpase tilottamA aura guNoMse sarasvatIko tiraskRta kara diyA thaa| usameM sabhI striyocita sulakSaNa vidyamAna the | binA AbhUSaNoMke ho usakA anindya lAvaNya puruSamAtrake liye AkarSaNakA viSaya thaa| svayaMprabhA zanaiH zanaiH kizorAvasthAko pArakara mauvanameM praviSTa huii| pitA jvalanajaTIke liye kanyAko yuvatI dekha vivAha karaneko cintA huI / usane nimitajJa apane purohitako bulAkara pUchA"kanyA svayaMprabhAkA vivAha kisake sAtha hogA aura kaba hogA ? nimittazAstrake panne ulaTakara purohitane uttara diyA--'yaha nArAyaNa tripRSThako mahAdevo hogI aura Apa bhI usake dvArA diye hue vidyAdharoMke cakravartIpadako prApta kreNge|" jvalanajaTIne purohitake dvArA podanapura aura podanapuranareza prajApati, tripRSTha AdikI jAnakArI prAptakara atyanta vizvasta zAstrajJa aura rAjabhakta indra nAmaka maMtroko patra evaM bahumUlya padArtha bheMTake nimitta dekara podanapura bhejaa| indra apane vidyAbalase vimAnadvArA podanapura pahu~cA / podanapuranareza mahArAja prajApati usa samaya puSpakaraNDaka nAmaka udyAnameM krIDA kara rahe the / ve parijanoMse veSTita ho sarovarameM majana, jalakelike atirikta vibhinna latAoM aura viTapoMse puSpAvacaya karane meM saMlagna the / prakRtiko ramaNIya godameM vicaraNa karaneke kAraNa unheM apUrva sukha prApta ho rahA thaa| isa samaya prajApati lalita krIr3AoMmeM bhI saMlagna the| eka aura manorama natya ho rahA thA aura dUsarI ora saMgItakA akhAr3A jamA huA thaa| dhrupada aura dhamArako dhvani sabhoko apanI ora AkRSTa kara rahI thii| isI Amoda-pramoda ke samaya puSpakaraNDaka udyAnameM hI indra maMtrI pahu~cA aura usane pratihArI dvArA apane AnekA samAcAra rAjA prajApatike pAsa pahu~cAyA / prajApatine maMtrIko Asana dekara rathanUpuracakravAla nagarake samrAT jvalanajaTokA kuzala samAcAra pUchA / maMtrIne bahumUlya maNi-mANikya AdikI bheMTa upasthita kara patra prastuta kiyaa| prajApati patrako par3hakara atyanta prasanna huaa| patrameM likhA thA ki saMdhi-vigrahameM nipuNa vidyAdharoMkA svAmI apane lokakA zikhAmaNi, prajAvatsala, mahArAja namike vaMzarUpI AkAzakA sUrya jdalanajadI rathanapura nagarase podanapuranareza tIrthaMkara RSabhadevake putra bAhubalike tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 39

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vaMzaja mahArAja prajApatiko natamastaka ho praNAma karatA hai| kuzalapraznake anatara patrameM likhA thA-' -"maiM rathanUpuranareza apanI kanyA svayaMpramAkA vivAha Apake putra tripRSThake sAtha karanA cAhatA huuN| hamAre vaMzoMmeM paramparAse yaha sambandha calA A rahA hai| hama donoMke vizuddha vaMza sUrya aura candramAke samAna pahalese hI prasiddha haiM / ataeva Apa mere isa sambandhako svIkAra karane yA phaujiye / " prajApati jvalanajIke isa patrako par3hakara prasannattAse vibhora ho gayA maura usane vinamratApUrvaka apanI svIkRti pradAna karate hue patra likhA - " namike vaMzako suzobhita karanevAle mahArAja jvala jaTI kI AjJA mujhe svIkAra hai / maiM apane putra tripRSThake sAtha ApakI kanyA vayaMprabhAke vibAhakI svIkRti pradAna karatA hU~ / isa vivAha sambanvase hama donoM ke vaMzameM premabhAva utpanna hogA aura cirakAlataka hamAre vaMzoMmeM sauhArda, sahayoga evaM pArasparika premabhAva bane raheMge / " prajApatike isa patrako prAptakara jvalanajaTI prasanna huA aura vaha podanapura calane ko taiyArI karane lagA / usane apane pradhAna senApati aura yuvarAja arka - kIrtiko senA taiyAra karanekA Adeza diyA tathA anya Avazyaka yAtropayogI sAmAna bhI taiyAra hone lage / svayaMprabhA ko bhI sAtha le jAneke lie taiyArI kI jAne lagI / jvalanajaTIne putra arkakIrtiko yuvarAjapadake sAtha pradhAna senApatikA pada bhI diyA thA / ataeva usane senA taiyArakara podanapurakI ora prasthAna kiyA / jaba jvalanajI sasainya podanapurameM pahu~cA, to podanapuranarezane jvalanaTIkA svAgata kiyA aura use manohara udyAna meM sthAna diyA 1 zubha lagna zodhA gayA aura vidhipUrvaka vivAhavidhi sampAdita ko gayI / svayaMprabhA aura tripuSThakA vivAha usI prakAra sampanna huA, jisa prakAra RSabhadeva aura sunandAkA vivAha sampanna huA thA / dundubhi vAdya baja rahe the / saubhAgyavatI striyA~ maMgalagAna gA rahI thIM aura purodhA maMgalamaMtroM kA uccAraNa kara rahe the / jvalanajaTIne daheja meM anya padArthoM ke sAtha siMhavAhinI aura garur3avAhinI vidyAeM bhI pradAna kI / vivAhotsava dhUma-dhAmapUrvaka sampanna huA / jvalananaTI aura prajApati donoM hI isa vivAha se prasanna the / jaba azvI ko apane guptacaroM dvArA svayaMprabhAke vivAhakA samAcAra prApta huA, to usakA hRdaya krodhAgnise jalane lagA / vaha socane lagA ki "mere rahate hue svayaM prabhAkA vivAha tripRSThake sAtha kaise sampanna kiyA gayA hai| svayaMprabhA jaisI sundarI to mujhe milanI cAhiye thii| jvalanajaTIne yaha merA apamAna kiyA hai / 40 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI mAcArya paramparA

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meM apane apamAnakA badalA svayaMprabhAko chInakara lUMgA aura yuddhabhUmimeM tripRSThakA baSa kruuNgaa| vidhAtAne svayaMpramAko mere liye banAyA hai, tripRSThake liye nahIM / isa udaNDatAkA phala sabhIko bhoganA pdd'egaa|" azvagrIvane apanI senAko thabake liye taiyAra kiyaa| tIna vidyAoMse saMpanna vidyAdhara rAjAoMko yuddhameM sammilisa honeke hetu Amantrita kiyA / azvanIvane vibhinna prakArakI vidyAoM aura astra-zastrase sajjita ho AkramaNa kiyA aura rathAvata nAmaka parvatapara apanA sainya zivira sthApita kiyA / giranAra bhI sAmagrIlakI senAmA sAgamana munakara apanI caturaMgavAhinIke sAtha vahAM A DaTA / donoM orase vyUharacanA hone lagI / dhanuSadhArI apane dhanuSoMko sajjita kara raNabherIko pratIkSA karane lge| ___ cAroM ora yuddha-vAdya bajane lge| senApatiyoMne apanI-apanI senAko yuddha karanekA Adeza diyA / bANa-varSA hone lagI, jisase sUrya bAcchAdita ho gyaa| azvavAhinIke sainika parasparameM yuddha karane lge| tripRSThakumArakI senAkI vIratAke samakSa azvagrIvakI senA Thahara na sakI aura jisaprakAra vAyuke calanese megha titara-vitara ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra azvagrIvakI vidyAdharasenA raNa. bhUmi chor3akara bhAga utthii| jaba azvagrIdane dekhA ki raNakSetra khAlI ho rahA hai, to vaha svayaM hI yuddha karaneke liye A ddttaa| usane lalakArakara kahA-"niraparAdhI ina sainikoMko mAranese kyA lAbha hai ? aparAdhI tuma ho, ataeva aba meM tumhAre sAtha hI yuddha karanA cAhatA huuN| tumhArA aura merA yuddha hI antima nirNAyaka hogaa|" ____ azvagrIva aura tripRSTha donoM yuddha karane lge| azvagrIdane mAyAkA saMcArakara tripRSThako parAjita karanA cAhA, para tripRSThakI vIratAke samakSa usakA vaza na cala skaa| ataeva azvagrIdane lajjita hokara tripRSThake Upara kaThora cakra claayaa| yaha cakra tripuSThake puNyapratApase pradakSiNAkara zIghra hI usakI dAhinI bhujApara Akara sthira ho gyaa| tripaSThane use lekara krodhavaza zavapara calA diyaa| jisase azvagrIvakI grovAke do Tukar3e ho gye| azvanIvake dharAzAyI hote hI usakI samasta senA aura vidyAdhara sAmanta bhAga khar3e hue| vipRSThane azvagnIvako parAjita karane ke pazcAt trikhaNDako jItane ke liye prasthAna kiyA aura sarvatra vijayakA DaMkA bajAte hue apane sthAnapara lauTa AyA tathA trikhaNDa-adhipatti hokara arddhacakravartIkA pada prApta kiyaa| usane vizvanandIke bhavameM kiye gaye nidAnako pUrA kiyA aura isa nidAna vIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 41

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anya azubhakarmake udayase tripRSThakI pravRtti saMsAra - viSayoMkI ora vizeSarUpase jAgRta huii| usane aneka vidyAdharakumAriyoMse vivAha kiyaa| aneka gandharvakanyAe~ prApta kI aura bhUmigocariyoMke sAtha vaivAhika sambandha sthApita kiyA / tripRSThane vijayArddha parvatapara jAkara rathanUpura nagarake rAjA jvalanajaTIko donoM zreNiyoMkA cakravartI banA diyA aura nizcintatApUrvaka arddhacakravartI padakA bhoga karane kaa| zubhodaya ke kAraNa jitanI bhAMgasAmagrI prApta hotI jAtI thI, tripRSTha utanA hI azAnta banA rahatA thaa| use eka kSaNa ke liye bhI bhoMgoMse tRpti na milii| vaha karor3oM varSo taka rAjyasukha aura saMsArake viSaya sukhoMkA bhoga karatA rahA / usane bahuta Arambha aura parigraha saMcita kiyA; phalataH viSaya-sukhoMko gRddhatA ke kAraNa marakara usane saptaka naraka meM janma grahaNa kiyA / pUrvajanmameM bA~dhA gayA nidAna saphala huA aura durgatikA kAraNa bnaa| isa naraka meM tripRSThake jIvane agaNita kAla taka nAnA prakArake duHkhoMko sahana kiyA / Ayu pUrNa honepara yaha jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM gaMgAnadI ke taTake samIpavartI vanapradezameM sigiri parvatapara siMha huA / yahA~ bhI isane tIvra pApakA arjana kiyA, jisase ratnaprabhA nAmaka prathama narakama nArakI huA aura vahA~ eka sAgara taka bhayaMkara duHkha bhogatA rhaa| pazcAt vahA~ cyuta hokara isI jambUdvIpameM sindhukUTakI pUrva dizA meM himavata parvata ke zikharapara dedIpyamAna bAloMse suzobhita siMha huA / siMhaparyAya puna: utthAnako ora : siMhaparyAya prApta karanepara mahAvIrakA jIva apanI zakti aura puruSArthakA pradarzana karatA huA hiMsA meM pravRtta huA / vahu nirbala jovoM ko mArakara khAne lagA aura apanI zakti dvArA samasta jIvAMko trasta karane lgaa| eka dina usane eka hiraNakA pIchA kiyA aura jaba hiraNako usane pakar3a liyA, to use apanI tokSNa dAr3oMse phAr3a DAlA / jaba siMha isa prakAra hiMsAkarma meM lagA huA thA, taba AkAzamArga se ajisaJjaya nAmaka cAraNa muni amitaguNa nAmaka munirAjake sAtha jA rahe the| unhoMne AkAzamArga se usa siMhako hiMsA meM rata dekhA, to ve dayAse dravIbhUta ho AkAzamArga se utarakara usa siMhake pAsa pahu~ce aura eka zilAtalapara baiThakara jora-jora se dharmapravatrana karane lage / unhoMne kahA - " he bhavya mRgarAja ! tU hiMsA kyoM pravRtta hai ? kyA abhI bhI tumhArI viSayoMse tRpti nahIM huI hai ? tripRSTake bhava meM tumane pAMcoM indriyoMke zreSTha viSayoM 42 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kA anubhava kiyA hai| tumane komala zuyyAtalapara aneka ramaNiyoMke sAtha cirakAla taka vihAra kiyA hai / rasanA indriyako tRpta karanevAle saba rasoMse paripUrNa tathA amRtarasAyana ke sAtha sparddhA karanevAle divya bhojanakA upabhoga tumane kiyA hai| usI triSThake bhava meM tumane sugaMdhita dhUpake anulepanose, mAlAoMse tathA anya suvAsita padArthoMse apanI ghrANa indriyako tRpta kiyA hai| rasa-bhAva samanvita sampanna hue nRtyakA tumane paryApta avalokana kiyA hai| saMgItake madhura jhaMkArako sunakara agaNita varSoMtaka tumane Ananda liyA hai| tIna khaNDakA a cakravatitva prAptakara aisA saMsArakA kauna sA bhoga hai, jisakA tumane upabhoga nahIM kiyA hai / nirantara sAMsArika sukhoMkI Asaktike kAraNa samyagdarzana aura paMcavratoMse rahita hone se tumane saptama narakakI AyukA bandha kiyA aura vahA~ tetIsa sAgara taka vibhinna prakArake kaSToMko sahA narakase cyuta ho siMhaparyAya prApta kI aura isa paryAyake anantara punaH prathama narakakI yAtanA shii| aba punaH yaha sihaparyAya tumheM prApta huI hai / ata: isa paryAyameM tumheM apane AtmotthAnameM pravRtta honA cAhiye / tuma yaha bhUla rahe ho ki pazu aura narakaparyAya meM chedana-bhedana, bhUkha-pyAsa, zIta-Atapajanya kitane kaSTa sahana kiye haiM / krUra pariNAmI hokara tuma pazuoMkI hiMsA meM pravRtta ho rahe ho / ataeva saMsArake svarUpakA vicArakara hiMsAkA tyAga kro| " "ahiMsAkA sambandha prANIke hRdayake sAtha hai, mastiSka ke sAtha nahIM, tarkavitarkake sAtha nahIM aura na ba~dhe ba~dhA ye vivekazUnya vizvAsoMke sAtha hI hai / isakA sambandha antaHkaraNake sAtha hai - bhItara kI gaharI AdhyAtmika anubhUti ke sAtha hai / asAkI bhUmi jIvana hai| jabataka jIvake AcAra-vyavahAra ahiMsAmUlaka ghaTita hote haiM, tabhI taka jIvana harA-bharA aura vikasita rahatA hai / ataeva tumheM ahiMsAke vAstavika mahattvako samajhanA hai aura jIvanako gatizIla banAnA hai / tumane pururavA ke bhavameM ahiMsA-saMskArakA bIja arjita kiyA thA, vaha bIja aneka janmoMmeM kiye gaye mithyAcaraNake kAraNa dabatA gayA / usapara ajJAnatAkI taha par3atI gayI / phalataH tripRSThabhavameM nArAyaNa hokara bhI tumane isa ahiMsAke bIjako bane I aMkurita nahIM hone diyA / tuma pUrvake janmoMmeM manuSya hue, deva hue aura pazu pururavAke bhavameM tumane hiMsA karanA chor3A thA, jisake phalasvarUpa tumane svargaka sukha prApta kiye, para tripRSThake bhavameM tuma vAsanAmeM DUba gaye, hiMsA meM sana gaye, jisakA duHkhada pariNAma yaha pazu jIvana hai / sukha cAhate ho, to hiMsA - kAryako chor3a pahale kiye gaye saMkalpako yAda karo / " ugra tapasvI ajitaJjayako vANIne jAdUkA kArya kiyA / siMhakI vRttiyA~ tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 43

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I vigalita hone lagIM / ajJAnatAke kAraNa jo guNa acchAdita the, ve zanaiH zanaiH udghATita hone lage / use apane pUrva janmoMkI smRti A gayI aura vigata janma use darpaNa meM par3anevAle pratibimbake samAna spaSTataH dikhalAyI par3ane lge| AtmAkI vANIko AtmAne samajhA; AdhyAtmikatA aura ahiMsA-saMskAroMne siMhake jJAnanetroMko khola diyA / vaha pUMcha hilAtA huA yogirAjake samakSa natamastaka ho gyaa| usakI bhAvabhaMgimAse yaha pratyakSa dikhalAyI par3a rahA thA ki use apane pUrvakRta kAryoMpara pazcAttApa hai aura aba apane utthAnake liye vaha kRtasaMkalpa hai| AcArya ajita siMhakI isa bhAva-vibhora avasthAko dekhakara kahA" mRgarAja ! ghabaMDAo nahIM / tumhArI AtmA ananta jJAnavAn aura zaktizAlI hai| yadi tuma Atma-niSThApUrvaka hisAkA tyAga kara ahiMsAkA AcaraNa karoge, to tumhArA uddhAra sambhava hai / videhastha tIrthaMkara zrIdharane samavazaraNameM kahA hai ki abase tuma dazaveM janmameM bharatakSetra ke antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra hoge / saMyama, tapa aura tyAga manuSya tathA pazu donoMke liye prAyaH samAnarUpase upakAraka haiM / yadi tuma apanI vRttiko ahiMsaka banA sakate ho. to tumhAre uddhAra meM bilamba nahIM hai / " munirAja ukta upadeza deneke pazcAt vihAra kara gye| usa siMhane apane jIvanakI AlocanA kI aura saMyama grahaNa kara liyA / usane mAMsAhArakA tyAga kara sallekhanA dhAraNa kii| manuSya aura pazuoM ke upasarga evaM yAtanAoMko samatAbhAvase sahA aura prANavisarjanakara sodharma svarga meM siMhaketu nAmakA deva huA / dharmakA phala aizvarya hotA dekhakara vaha dharmapuruSArtha meM lIna ho gayA / vaha pratidina akRtrima caityAlayoM meM jAkara atpratimAoM kI divya pUjA-arcA karatA / nandIzvarAdi dvIpoMmeM bhAvavizuddhi ke hetu jina pratimAoMkI pUjA evaM gurumoMke upadezakA zravaNa karatA / eka dina ajitaJjaya gurukA use darzana huA / vaha vinIta rUpameM nivedana karane lagA - "gurudeva ! Apake varmopadezako prApta kara meM kRtakRtya ho gayA aura aba svarga-sukha bhoga rahA hU~ / Apake upadezane mere jJAna- vakSuoMkA unmIlana kara diyA hai| mujhe saMyama aura sAdhanAmeM hI sukha dikhalAyI par3atA hai / para yaha devagati bhogayoni hai| yahA~ vItarAgatAkI prApti sambhava nahIM hai / aisA upAya batalAiye, jisase merA saMkalpa pUrA ho ske|" guru - " vatsa ! isa devagatimeM deva, guru aura zAstrakI bhakti sukhapUrvaka kI jA sakatI hai / sanyagdarzanakI upalabdhi bhI yahA~ saMbhava hai| tuma bhakti aura zraddhA dvArA apane samyaktvako nirmalakara AtmotkarSaM kara sakate ho / " 44 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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siMhaketune kRtrima aura akRtrima jinAlayoMkI vaMdanA kI aura devagasike bhogoMko kSaNabhaMgura samajhakara anAsaktabhAvase isa gatimeM nivAsa kiyaa| Ayuke antameM samabhAvoMse prANavisarjana kara vidyAdharanareza huaa| kanakojjvalaparyAya : udita hue sAghamA-aMkura ghAtakIkhaNDadvIpake pUrva videhameM maMgalAvataM deza hai| isake madhyameM vijayArddha parvata hai / isa parvatakI uttarazreNI meM kanakaprabha nAmakA nagara svarNamaMDita prAsAda, prAkAra aura jinAlayoMse suzobhita hai| nagarakA vaibhava aura usakA ramyarUpa pathikoMko dUrase hI apanI ora AkRSTa karatA hai| sarovara, udyAna aura kUpa nagarake saundaryavRddhimeM guNAtmaka vRddhi kara rahe haiN| mAnava yA vidyAdharoMkI to bAta hI kyA, prakRti bhI isake yathArtha nAmakA vijJApana kara rahI hai| isa nagarakA abhigati vidyAdhara rAna lagabhagA aura mAM canA cAlI kanakamAlA nAmakI usakI patnI thii| ina donoMke yahA~ mahAvIrakA jIva vaha siMhaketu deva svargase cayakara kanakojjvala nAmakA putra huA / pitA kanakapukhane putrotpattikA samAcAra avagatakara jinAlaya meM jAkara kalyANa karanevAlI paMcakalyANaka pUjA kii| usane dIna-dukhiyoM evaM satpAtroMko yathocita dAna diyA / vArdhApana-saMskAra sampanna karaneke hetu vibhinna prakArakI kalAgoSThiyoMkI yojanA kii| nRtya-gAna sampanna hue| purodhAoMne maMtroccArakara navajAta zizuko AzIrvAda pradAna kiyA / zizu dvitIyAke candramAke samAna kramazaH vRddhigata hone lagA aura ATha varSako avasthAmeM usakA vidyA-saMskAra sampanna kiyA gayA / kanakojjvalako pratibhAse sabhI gurujana Azcaryacakita the| usane aneka zAstra aura kalAoMmeM alpa samayameM hI pravINatA prApta kara lii| kizora kanakouJcala apanI meSA, manISA aura mAnavocita guNoMke kAraNa parijana-purajana sabhIkA prema bhAjana bana gyaa| usakI madhura vANI sunakara sabhI harSita hote aura use pyAra karate the / jaba bar3e gurujanoMko bhI kisI viSayameM AzaMkA yA kaThinAI upasthita hotI, to ve isa pratibhAmUrti yuvAse parAmarza karate / __ jaba kanakojjvalane yuvAvasthAkI dehalIpara paira rakhA to mAtA-pitAke manameM usakA pANigrahaNa sampanna kara denekI bhAvanA udita huii| kumArake mAmAkA nAma harSa thA aura vaha kumArake guNoMmeM atyadhika anurakta thaa| harSake kanakAvatI nAmako sundara kanyA thI, jo sabhI guNoMse paripUrNa thii| mAtula harSane apanI patnI aura mitroMse svIkRti lekara apanI kanyA kanakAvatIkA vivAha kanakojjvalake sAtha sampanna kara diyaa| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 45

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kanojjvalake manameM yuvAvasthAjanya vAsanAoMkA dvandva AraMbha huA / kabhI vaha apanI rUpavatI bhAryAke guNoMkA smaraNa karatA, to kabhI pururavA aura sihaparyAya meM kiye gaye saMkalpa use udvelita karane lagate / kumArake samakSa aneka vidyAdharakanyAoMke pariNayake prastAva upasthita kiye gaye / evaM sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoMkA cAkacikya prastuta kiyA gayA / para usakA mana ina saba viSayoMmeM rama na sakA / eka dina vaha apanI patnI kanakAvatI ke sAtha kror3A karatA huA mahAmeru parvatapara jina caityoMko pujAke liye gyaa| vahA~para RddhidhArI avavijJAnI munIzvarako dekha unakI tIna parikramAe~ kI aura 'namo'stu' kahakara vaha unake pAdamUla meM baiTha gayA / jo bIja eka dina miTTI ke andara dabA par3A thA, jala, pavana aura prakAzakA saMyoga milate hI vaha aMkurita hone lagA / isa aMkurane bhItara aura bAhara donoM hI ora apanI yAtrA AraMbha kI / andarako ora bar3hanevAle aMkura ne bIjake anurUpa hI bhItara se khoja aura chAna-bIna ke sAtha jIvanazakti pradAna kI / kanakojjvalakA ajJAnatimira naSTa hone lagA aura bhItara ke prakAzase prakAzita ho usane kahA - "prabho ! janma-maraNako dUra karanekA upAya batalAiye | agaNita paryAyoM meM maiMne sAMsArika vedanA sahI hai / aba Apa jaise guruko prAptakara meM nirvANa mArgakA upadeza sunanA cAhatA hU~ / " munirAja -- " vatsa ! ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, IrSyA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAna-nikSepaNa, utsarga, managupti, vacanagupti evaM kAya guptirUpa teraha prakArake cAritrako vItarAgamuni dhAraNa karate haiM / kAma, krodha, moha, lobhAdiko jItakara saMyama, tapa aura dhyAnake dvArA siddhi prApta karate haiM / yaha sAdhanAmArga hI vItarAgatAkA mArga hai / jo Atma-darzana kara letA hai, use hI nirAkula sAdhanAko upalabdhi hotI hai / kumAra! aba tumhArA saMsAra nikaTa A gayA hai / tumhArA citta dravIbhUta ho gayA hai| ataeva isameM dharmavRkSakA ropaNa saralatApUrvaka kiyA jA sakatA hai / " pUrvArjita saMkalpake udita hote hI kumAra ke hRdayameM Aloka bhara gayA 1 use saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoMse virakti ho gayI / vaha socane lagA ki meM apanI AtmAko paramAtmA banA sakatA hai / mujhameM sabhI zaktiyAM nihita hai / kevala puruSArthakI kamI hai, use hI mujhe jAgRta karanA hai| vaha dvAdaza anuprekSAoMkA cintana karane lagA, jisase saMsArakI vAstavikatA usake netroMke samakSa pratyakSa hone lgii| siMhraparyAya meM ajitaJjaya dvArA diyA gayA upadeza bhI mUrtimAna ho uThA / kumArane apane cittakA saMzodhanakara bAhya aura antaraMga parigrahako chor3anekA saMkalpa kiyaa| usane viSaya-bhogoMko nissAra samajhA aura diga 46 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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mbaradIkSA dhAraNa karanekA vicAra kiyaa| Arta aura raudra dhyAnake haTate ho usakI azubha lezyAe~ dUra hone lagIM aura zuklalezyAke prabhAvase dharmadhyAna utpanna huA / digambara muni hokara kanakojjavala saMyama, tapa aura svAdhyAyako siddhimeM saMlagna ho gyaa| rAgake utpanna karanevAle sthAnoMko chor3a vaha guphA, vana, parvata, zmazAna evaM nirjana sthAnoMmeM vicaraNa karane lgaa| usakI sAdhanA meM aneka vighna Aye, para vaha vicalita na huA / upasarga aura parISahoM ko sahanakara nirvikalpaka citta ho dharma dhyAnameM pravRtta huA / AyukA anta nikaTa jAna isane sallekhanA vrata grahaNa kiyA aura lAMtava nAmaka saptama svarga meM mahaddhika deva huA / yahA~ use sabhI prakArakI sukha-saMpattiyAM prApta huii| avadhijJAna dvArA pUrva meM kiye gaye tapazcaraNako avamatakara vaha arhatabhakti, gurubhakti aura zAstrabhakti meM pravRtta huaa| isa svarga meM use teraha sAgara kI Ayu aura pA~ca hAtha unnata zarIra prApta hue| vaha teraha hajAra varSa bItanepara eka bAra kaNThase jharate hue amRtakA sevana karatA thA aura sAr3he chaha mahIne bIta jAnepara sugaMdhita zvAMsa letA thA / samyagdRSTi honeke kAraNa vaha zubha dhyAna evaM arhatupujAmeM saMlagna rahatA thA / nRtya, gAna aura madhura vAdyakA AnaMda letA huA bhI caha 'jalameM bhinna kamala' kI taraha nirlipta rahatA thA / samyagdarzana ke kAraNa use AtmaprakAza prApta ho gayA / AtmasattA para vizvAsa honese use apane svarUpakI upalabdhi ho gayI / ataeva vaha ahaMkAra aura mamakArake baMdhanoMse mukta ho AtmabodhameM vicaraNa karane lgaa| devagatike bhogoMke madhya rahate hue bhI vaha unheM bhautika aura paudgalika mAna rahA thaa| vaha socatA thA ki maiM cetana hU~, AtmA hU~, abhautika hU~ aura pudgala se sarvathA bhinna huuN| meM jJAnasvarUpa hU~ aura pudgala kabhI jJAnasvarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA aura pudgalameM svarUpataH bhinnatA hai| donoM ko eka mAnanA adhyAtma kSetra meM sabase bar3A ajJAna hai aura yahI sabase bar3A mithyAtva hai / yaha ajJAna aura mithyAtva samyagdarzanamUlaka samyagjJAna se hI dUra ho sakatA hai / ananta atIta paryAyoM meM jaba pudgalakA eka kaNa bhI merA apanA nahIM ho sakA, taba varttamAna aura anAgatameM yaha kaise merA ho sakegA ? yaha dhruva satya hai ki AtmA AtmA hai aura pudgala pudgala hai / AtmA kabhI pudgala nahIM ho sakatI aura pudgala kabhI AtmA nahIM ho sakatA / isa devagati meM cAroM ora nAnA prakArake mohaka padArthoMkA jamaghaTa hai | yahA~ vilAsa aura vaibhavakI sabhI sAmagriyA~ vidyamAna haiM / isa bhogayonimeM vIta tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 47

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rAgatAkI prApti to saMbhava nahIM, para usake liye prayatna kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmAmeM ananta kAlase pudgalake prati jo mamatA hai, bhautika padArthoke prati jo AkarSaNa hai, use to dUra kiyA hI jA sakatA hai| ataeva mujhe taTastha bhAvase zubha bhAvanAoMkA cintana-manana karanA caahiye| maiM ina viSayoMke bIca rahate hue bhI inase lipta nahIM houuNgaa| isa vicAradhArAke prabhAvase svargase cyuta ho usane manuSyaparyAya prApta kI / hariSeNa paryAya : vikasita huI sAdhanA mahAvIrako sAdhanAkA vRkSa aba pallavita ho cukA thaa| aba usameM zanaiH zanaiH kalikAeM mukulita hotI huI dRSTigocara hone lagI thIM / siMha jaisI hiMsaka paryAyameM ajita sAdhanAkA saMkalpa candanavRkSake samAna apanI sugaMdha vikIrNa karane lgaa| janma-janmakI sAdhanA saphalatAke sAmIpyakA lAbha karaneke liye utAvalI ho uttho| kanakojjvalakA jIda lAntavasvargase cyuta ho kauzala dezako ayodhyA nagarIke rAjA vajrasena aura unakI patnI zIlavatIke udarase hariSeNa nAmakA putra huA / mAtA-pitAne bar3e utsAha aura abhyudayake sAtha putra-janmotsava sampanna kiyaa| pUrva janmake atizaya puNyake kAraNa kumAra hariSeNa nagaravAsiyoM kI A~khoMkA tArA bana gayA / jo bhI usakA darzana karatA, Ananda-vibhora ho jAtA aura apane bhAgyako sarAhane lgtaa| kumAra hariSeNane rAjanIti-arthazAstra, kalA-kauzala, dharmazAstra, tarkavidyA Adi sabhI viSayoM meM dakSatA prApta kara lI / usakA zarIra devoMse adhika sundara aura vidyAdharoMse adhika manojJa thaa| kumArake cAturyane sabhI vyaktiyoMko apanI ora AkRSTa kiyA / hariSeNake yuvA honepara aneka rAjakanyAoM ke sambandha vivAhake hetu upasthita hue| mAtA-pitA aura maMtrIpariSadne kaI sundarI kalyAoMse usakA vivAha-sambandha kara diyA / vana senane kumArako sabhI prakAra yogya jAnakara usakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| rAjyapada prApta hote hI kumArane bar3I yogyatAse rAjyakAryakA saMcAlana kiyaa| usakI nyAyapriyatA aura zAsanavyavasthA sabhIke liye zlAghanIya thii| kumArakI maMtrIpariSadmeM manISI vidvAnoMke sAtha kavi aura kalAkAra bhI sammilita the| vaha apanI dinacaryA niyata kara laukika aura pAramArthika kAryokA saMcAlana karatA thA / samyaktvakI nirmalatAke liye devapUjana, zAstra-svAdhyAya evaM zrAvakake vratoMkA pramAdarahita pAlana karatA thaa| pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazIko sabhI prakArake pApakAryoMkA tyAga 48 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kara proSaSavratakA AcaraNa karatA yA prAtaH zayyAse uThakara maMdike liye sAmAyika evaM stuti-pATha karatA / bhojana karaneke pUrva supAtroMko dAna detA aura atipijanoMkA yathocita satkAra karatA thaa| vaha jitendriya hokara parimita rUpameM viSayoMkA sevana karatAhuA Atmasiddhi pravRtta thA / janasAdhAraNake liye kalyANakArI kAryokA sampAdana karatA huA prajAke abhyudaya evaM vikAsakeliye nirantara tatpara rahatA thaa| usane rAjyake dAyitvake nirvAhahetu sampUrNa rAjyako mazInarIko ThIka kara diyA thA / kRSi aura vANijya-sambandhI kAryoMkI dekhabhAlakeliye vibhinna adhikArI niyukta kiye 1 usane lokatAMtrikapaddhatipara rAjyakA vikAsa kiyA thaa| kRSiyogya baMjara bhUmikA sudhAra, siMcAI-vyavasthA, bAjAra-vyavasthA Adiko unnata bnaayaa| yoM to kumArake jIvana meM aneka utkarSa aura apakarSa prApta hue, para usakA jIvana sarala rekhAkI gatise gamana kara rahA thA / usane Arthika svataMtratA, ahiMsaka vAtAvaraNa evaM pArasparika sahayoga aura sahakAritAko bhAvanA utpanna kara prajAkA apAra pyAra arjita kara liyaa| isa prakAra rAjyakA saMcAlana karate hue kumAra hariSeNane agaNita varSa vyatIta kiye| eka dina usane AkAzameM bAdaloMkA eka sundara dRzya dekhaa| isa dRzyako dekhate hI vaha mugdha ho gayA aura usa dRzyakA mAnacitra aMkita karane lgaa| sahasA vAyukA eka jhokA AyA aura AkAza meM ekatra meghapaTala kSaNa-bharameM sisara-vitara ho gayA / hariSeNa socane lagA-"aisA sundara dRzya jaba kSaNabharameM vilIna ho sakatA hai, taba isa jIvanakA kyA vizvAsa ? maiMne agaNita varSoM taka saMsArake sukhoMkA upabhoga kiyA hai, para tRpti nahIM huI / tRSmA aura AzAkI jalatI huI bhaTThImeM upalabdha honevAlI sabhI bhautikatAeM kSaNa-bharameM svAhA ho jAtI haiN| maiMne mAnavatAke parAtalapara spisa rahanekA pUrA prayAsa kiyA, para zAnti dUra hI rahI / maiM sadA socatA hU~, jIvana kyA hai ? jagat kyA hai ? tathA una donoM meM paraspara sambandha kyA hai ? bandhana kyA hai ? mukti kyA hai? para samAdhAna mujhe mila nahIM paataa| jIvana zarIrakA dharma nahIM hai, besana AtmAkA dharma hai / jIvana pavitratAse jIneke liye hai / yaha pavitratA usa AtmAkA dharma hai, jo mAtmA buddha evaM prabuta hai| jise apane zubha aura azubhakA, sundara evaM asundarakA tathA vAMchanIya evaM avAMchanIyakA samyak parijJAna hai| jo apane bhalebure, bhUta-bhaviSyat aura vartamAnapara cintana kara sakatA hai, vahI prabaddha cetana hai, vahI jAgRta AtmA hai aura vahI vikAsonmukha jIva hai| bhautika sabhyatA yA bhautika jIvanamUlyoMko jaba mAnavajIvanako tulApara taulA jAtA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 49

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hai, to mujhe nirAzA hI prApta honI hai / ye bhautika sukha tyAjya haiM / ataH mAnavajIvana meM AdhyAtmikattAko apanAnA aura apanI AdhyAtmikazaktike vikAsake liye pUrNa prayatna karanA paramAvazyaka hai| hamArI Atma-jyoti bhogavAdI avivekake ghane kuhAse meM AvRtta hai, jisa prakAra kIcar3ameM lipaTe horekI jyoti tirohita ho jAtI hai aura vaha hIrA miTTI jaisA pratIta hotA hai, usI prakAra mAnavajIvanake vAstavika tathya aura satya pUrvAgraha, andhavizvAsa aura avivekase lipta ho jAne ke kAraNa mAnavatAke kSitijase tirohita ho jAte haiM / ataeva mujhe AtmodvArake liye atRpti, kuNThA, nirAzA aura bhogavAdI dRSTigoNakA tyAga karanA hai 1 isa prakAra sahApoha karatA hu ho apane nitI zAmagAre liye dhana-vihArako cala diyA / rAjAjJA prApta hote hI amAtya, mahiSi-varga, caturaMgiNI senA, kalAkAra sabhI usake manovinodake liye sAtha-sAtha cala diye / saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoMse virakta kumArakA mana prakRti ke isa ramaNIya rUpako dekhakara bhI rama na skaa| viSayoMkI viraktine usako cetanAko udbuddha kara diyA thaa| ataeva hariSeNa yAnase utarakara paidala hI vanameM bhramaNa karane lgaa| kucha dUra calane ke pazcAt use aMgapUrvake jJAtA zrutasAgara nAmaka muni dikhalAyI par3e / usane tIna pradakSiNAeM kI aura 'namo'stu' kahakara munirAjakI vandanA kii| samyagdarzanake prakAzane usakI antarAtmAko Alokita kara diyA thA / vivekodayake kAraNa kaSAya aura vikAra dhUmila ho rahe the / parigrahako Asakkei tyAgane usakI AtmAmeM saMyamako jyoti prajvalita kara dI thii| ataeva usane munirAjase digambara-dIkSA pradAna karanekI prArthanA kI / muni bana hariSeNa ekAkI nadItaTa, parvata-guphA evaM zmazAnabhUmimeM dhyAnAsakta rahatA thA / baha grISmaRtumeM parvatakI coTIpara, varSARtu meM vRkSake nIce aura zaradaRtumeM nadIke saTapara dhyAnArUr3ha rahatA thaa| darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura sapa ina cAroM bArAdhanAoMkA sevana karatA huA Atma-zodhanameM pravRtta rahatA thaa| samAdhimaraNase prANa tyAga karaneke kAraNa vaha mahAzukra nAmaka dazama svargameM mahardika deva huA aura vahA~se cayakara manuSya-paryAya prApta kii| priyamitra cakravartI : sAdhanAne aMgar3AI kI ghAtakIkhaNDa dvIpake pUrva videhameM puSkalAvarsa nAmaka deza hai / yahAM puNDarI50 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kiNI nAmako tayArI hai| sunika rAjA thA / isako suvratA nAmakI mahiSI thii| ina donoMke vaha mahaddhika deva svargase cayakara priyamitra nAmaka putra huA / pitAne putra janmotsava sampanna karane ke liye ahaMntakI pUjAke sAtha cAra prakArakA dAna diyA aura nAnAprakArase gIta-nRtyAdipUrvaka utsava sampanna kiyA / kumAra priyamitra yathAnAma tathAguNa thA / sabhI loga use pyAra karate the / pUrva janmoM meM kI gayI sAdhanA aba aMgar3AI le rahI thii| saMkalpa itanA ugra aura uddIpta ho cukA thA ki aba use AvRtta karanemeM sabhI vikAra akSama ye ! amRta kI sAdhanA saphala ho rahI thI jaura kumAra priyamitra ke samasta jIvanake Adarza AdhyAtmikatAko ora agrasara ho rahe the / anAdikAlIna arjita karmasaMskAra zithila ho gaye the aura AtmatattvarUpa caitanya pUrNatayA udbuddha ho gayA thA / kaSAya-vikArarUpa viSake zamana hote hI ratnatraya kI amRtadhArA pravAhita hone lagI thI / kumAra saMsArake viSayoMse udAsIna rahatA thA aura use saMsAra ke sabhI bhautika padArtha asthira evaM ahitakara pratIta hote the / kumArako udAsInatAse mAtA-pitAko cintA huI aura unhoMne use kuzala rAjanItijJa aura netA banAneke hetu guruke samakSa adhyayanArtha bheja diyA / kuzAgrabuddhi kumArane alpakAlameM kalA aura vidyAoMmeM pravINatA prApta kI / yuvA honepara pittAne usakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| pUrva puNyake atizaya prabhAva se use cakravattitva, aSTasiddhiyA~ evaM navanidhiyAM prApta huiiN| priyamitrane cakraratnake prApta honeke anantara SaTkhaNDa pRthvIkI vijayake liye prasthAna kiyA / vaha caturaMgiNI senA sahita bhramaNa karane lagA aura vidyAdhara, maNDalezvara evaM anya nRpatiyoMko parAjita karatA huA bar3hane lagA / aneka rAjA aura vidyAgharoMne apanI sundarI kanyAeM use bheMTa meM pradAna kI / cakravartIne rUpa lAvaNyavAlI chAnave hajAra rAjakanyAoMse vivAha kiyA / battIsa hajAra mukuTabaMdha rAjA cakravartIkI AjJA zirodhArya karate aura usake caraNakamalameM namaskAra karate the / cakravartIke pAsa caurAsI karor3a paidala senA, solaha hajAra gaNadeva aura aThArah hjAra mleccha rAjA vidyamAna the| unheM nimnalikhita caudaha ratna mo prApta the (1) senApati - senAnAyaka - yuddhakalAvizeSajJa (2) sthapati-pradhAna iMjinIyara (3) strIratna (5) purohita (4) harmyapati (6) gajaratna dIrghakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 51

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(7) azvaratna (9.) cakraratna (11) kAMkaNa (13) chatra (8) daNDaratna (10) carmaratna (12) maMga (14) asi cakravartI digvijaya ke liye prasthAna karate samaya mArga meM zivira sthApita karatA thA / sainya prasthAnake pUrva hI senAke par3AvakA sthAna nizcita ho jAtA thA | sthapati apanI dekha-rekha meM zivira nirmita karAtA thA / zivirake cAroM ora tambU lagAye jAte the / madhyameM cakravartIkA sambU aneka maMgaladravyoMse yukta rahatA thA / cakravartIke tambUko ghere hue sAmantoMke tambU rahate the aura usake pazcAt bar3e-bar3e yoddhAoM evaM saamaanysainikoNke| sainikoMke manoraMjana evaM vizrAma ke liye vArAMganAoMke nRtya hote the / cakravartI aneka prakArakI vyUha - racanA meM bhI paTu thA / bhasaMhRtavyUha, gaur3avyUha, cakravyUha, daNDavyUha, makaravyUha, maNDalavyUha, bhogavyUha, nAgavyUha adikI racanAse avagata thA / priyamitra cakravartIko ratna, deviyAM, nagara, zayyA, Asana, senA, nATaghazAlA, vartana, bhojana aura vAhana -- ye daza prakArake bhoga upalabdha the / vaha avataMsakA mAlA dhAraNa karatA thA / isa mAlAke prabhAvase sabhI prakArake zArIrika roga dUra ho jAte the / sUryaprabhachatra dvArA usake zarIrakI kAnti vRddhigata hotI thI / aNimA, mahimA, garimA, latrimA, prApti, prAkAmya, Izitva aura vazitva - ye ATha siddhiyA~ bhI use prApta thiiN| bhautika dRSTise use kisI vastukI kamI nahIM thI / navanidhiyA~ usake bhautika aizvarya kI vRddhi meM prayukta thIM / Adhunika adhyayanako dRSTise ye niSiya zilpazAlAe~ ( Factories) pratIta hotI haiM / kAlanAmaka niSi --- yantrazAlA meM grantha- mudraNa yA grantha-lekhanakA kArya hotA thA / cakravartIka rAjyavyavasthA saMbaMdhI sabhI kAgaja patra isa zilpazAlA meM surakSita rahate the| mahAkAlanidhi zilpazAlAmeM vibhinna prakArake Ayudha taiyAra kiye jAte the / sarvaratnanidhimeM dhayyA, Asana evaM bhavanoMke upakaraNa nirmita hote the / yoM to sarvaratnaniSi meM pradhAnarUpase, nIla, pacarAga, marakatamaNi, mANikya, horaka Adi vibhinna prakArakI maNiyoMko khAnase nikAlakara unheM susaMskRta rUpameM upasthita karanekA kArya kiyA jAtA thA / pANDunidhimeM dhAnyoM aura rasoMkI utpatti niSpanna kI jAtI thI / padmaniSinAmaka vyavasAya- kendrase rezamI evaM sUkhI vastra taiyAra hote the / divyAbharaNa evaM dhAtu-sambandhI kArya piMgalanAmaka vyavasAyakendrameM sampanna kiye jAte the | mANadanAmaka udyogagRhase zastroMkI prApti hotI thI / pradakSiNAvataM nAmaka udyogazAlAmeM suvarNa taiyAra kiyA jAtA thA / 52 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bhASAyaM paramparA 1

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zaMkhanAmaka udhogazAlAmeM zaMkhakI saphAI kara use zuddharUpameM upasthita kiyA jAtA thA| nesapyanidhimeM bhavana, pula evaM anya udyogagRha nirmita karanekA kArya sampanna kiyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra priyamitra cakravartIke yahAM nava prakArakI udyogazAlAeM vidyamAna thiiN| nidhiyoMke kAryoka varNanase avagata hotA hai ki vastuta: ye cakravartIko udyogazAlAeM hI thIM, jinase vibhinna prakArako bhautika AvazyakatAeM pUrNa kI jAtI thiiN| priyamitra cakravartI isa vaibhavako prApta kara bhI anAsakta rahatA thaa| use arya aura kAma donoM hI puruSArtha sadoSa pratIta hote the / pamaM puruSArthako ora usakA vizeSa jhukAva thaa| vaha nirantara zrAvakadharmakA sevana karatA huA mandira aura mUrtiyoMke nirmANameM bhI saMlagna rahatA thaa| pratidina deva-pUjana karatA huA muniyoMko prAsaka AhAra detA thaa| yaha aharniza azubha pattiyoMkA tyAga kara zubha vRttiyoMke prApta karanekI ceSTA karatA thaa| sundara ramaNiyAM, ucca aTTAlikAeM, chAnave karor3a grAma, udyogazAlAeM evaM gaNa-azvAdi vebhava nissAra pratIta hote the| aneka janmoM meM ajita dharma-saMskAra use tIrthakaratvake bandhake liye prerita kara rahe the| ___ eka dina vaha cakravartI purajana-parijanake sAtha kSemakara tIryakarako vandanAke liye calA ! samavazaraNameM pahu~ca usane tIna pradakSiNAeM dI aura manuSyake kakSa meM beTha tIrthakarakI pUjA kI / tIrthakarako divyadhvani ho rahI thii| Ayu-vaibhava, aizvarya, indriyasukha vidyutke samAna kSaNabhaMgura basAye jA rahe the| sAta tatva aura nava padArthoke svarUpakA vivecana kiyA jA rahA thaa| cartugatike duHkhoMkA varNana suna cakravartIkA ubuddha viveka aura adhika jAgRta ho gayA aura usane saMvegase prabhAvita ho nintha-dIkSA dhAraNa ko / usane nAnA prakArake parISaha aura upasagoko sahA aura Ayuke antameM prANa-tyAga kara sahasrAra nAmakadvAdazama svarga meM sUryaprabha nAmakA mahAn deva huA / vahA~se cayakara manuSya-paryAya prApta kI / nandabhava : saphala huI kAmanA-tIrthakaratvakA bandha priyamitrake janmameM rAjacakravattitvako ThukarA kara unheM dharmacakravartI bananA abhISTa thA / ataeva mahAvIrakA jIva sabhI prakArase Atma-zodhanameM pravRtta huaa| usane svagase cyuta ho chatrapura nAmaka nagarake rAjA nandivaddhana aura unakI puNyavatI rAnI vIramasIke yahAM putra rUpameM janma grahaNa kiyaa| zizu apane rUpaguNoMse jagatako Anandita karanevAlA thaa| ataeva pitAne usakA nAma nanda rakhA / putra-janmotsava utsAhapUrvaka sampanna kiyA gayA aura kramazaH kizora toSakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 53

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avasthAko prApta honepara zastra aura zAstra vidyAke ajaMna hetu use guruke AzramameM praviSTa karAyA gayA / vidyA aura kalAoM meM pANDitya prApta karaneke pazcAt yuvA honepara usakA rAjyAbhiSeka sampanna kiyA gyaa| apUrva lAvaNyavatI kanyA ke sAtha usakA vivAha bhI sampanna huaa| ataeva vaha uttama bhogoMko mAMgatA huA rAjyakA saMcAlana karane lagoM / pUrva janmoMmeM kI gaI sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa vaha apane samyaktvako uttarottara nirmala banAneke lie prayatnazIla rahane lagA saMsArameM ananta padArtha haiM aura ve do vargoM - jar3a evaM cetanameM vibhakta haiN| jaba aura cetanakA bhedavijJAna karanA hI samyagdarzanakA vAstavika uddezya hai / 'sva' aura 'para' kA, AtmA aura anAramAkA, caitanya aura jar3akA jabataka bheda-vijJAna nahIM hotA hai, tabataka 'sva' rUpakI upalabdhi nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai / 'sva' rUpakI upalabdhi hote hI yaha AtmA karmake bandhanoMmeM baMdha nahIM sakatI / jise Atmabodha evaM cetanA - bodha ho jAtA hai, vahI AtmA yaha nizcayakara pAtI hai ki maiM zarIra nahIM hU~, meM mana nahIM hU~, yaha saba kucha bhautika hai aura hai pudgalamaya / isake viparIta me cetana hU~, AtmA hU~, abhautika hU~ aura pudgalase sarvathA bhinna hU~ / AtmA jJAnarUpa hai aura pudgala jar3arUpa / jabataka mAtmA aura pudgalameM svarUpataH medAnubhUtikA anubhava nahIM kiyA jAtA tabataka madhyAtma kSetrase ajJAna aura midhyAtva dUra nahIM ho pAte / ajJAna aura mithyAtva ke nirAkaraNakA sAdhana samyagdarzana mUlaka samyagjJAna hai / samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAnase hI AtmA yaha nizcaya karatI hai ki pudgalakA eka kaNa bhI merA apanA nahIM hai| maiM trikAlAbacchita zuddha zuddharUpa hU~ | zarIrAdi pudgaladravyoMkI sattA sadA rahegI, para inake prati jo Asakti yA mamatA hai, use dUra karanA hI puruSArthaM hai / AtmajJAnakI upalabdhi honeke anantara ajJAna aura mithyAtva sahaja meM dUra ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra cintana karatA huA vaha dhAvakake dvAdaza vrata pAlana karane meM pravRtta huaa| vaha parvadinoMmeM ArambhakA tyAgakara upavAsa karatA / muniyoMko bhaktipUrvaka AhAradAna detA aura caityAlayoM meM jinendradevako mahAna pUjA karatA thaa| usakI samasta azubha pravRttiyoMkA virodha ho cukA thA aura usakA mana vikAroMke dUra hone se pavitra ho gayA thaa| vaha parimita rUpameM sAMsArika viSayabhogoMkA sevana karatA thA, para usako Antarika pravRtti usase vilaga thI / kucha samaya taka rAjyakArya saMcAlana karaneke anantara nanda bhavyajIvoM sahita dharma zravaNa hetu zrutakevala proSThila munikI bandanAke liye gayA / unake caraNoM meM baiThakara usane uttamakSamAdi daza dharmoke svarUpako sunA aura cintana kiyA : 54 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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"yaha saMsAra ananta duHkhoMkI khAna hai| kAma, krodha, lobha, mohAdi sadA ise vicalita karate hai / indriyoMke viSaya apanI ora AkRSTa karaneke liye sadA prayatnazIla rahate haiM / ataeva bhujhe isa rAjyavaibhava aura samasta gRhasthI ke dAyitvakA tyAgakara mAtma-zodhanameM pravRtta honA cAhiye / aba ina sAMsArika prapaMcoMmeM pha~sanA mUrkhatAke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai / " isa prakAra vicAra kara nandane samasta aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga parigrahakA tyAga kara nigrantha-dIkSA grahaNa kii| vaha meda-vijJAnakA cintana karatA huA AtmAlokase bhara gayA / nanda munine dvAdaza tapoMkA malI prakAra AcaraNa kiyA, jisase unakI tRSNA, lAlasA Adi sabhI kuNThAe~ samApta ho gayIM / AlocanA, pratikramaNa karate hue usane dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAnakA abhyAsa Arambha kiyaa| tIrthaMkara-sampattiko denevAlo darzanavizuddhi Adi solaha bhAvanAoM kA samyak cintana kara dharmanetA banAnevAlI tIrthaMkara - prakRtikA bandha kiyA / laukika netA bananA sahaja hai, sarala hai, para AdhyAtmika netAkA bananA sahaja sAdhya nahIM hai / virale hI vyakti isa padako prApta kara pAte haiM / L nandamunine apane manase samasta vikAroMko nikAla bAhara kiyaa| mana, vacana aura karmako pravRtiko niyaMtrita kiyA / mahilA, satya, saMyama aura zIlakA AcaraNa hI manuSyako dharmanetA bananeke liye prerita karatA hai / nandamunine ukta zrutakevaloke pAdamUlameM sthita hokara nimnalikhita solaha kAraNabhAvanAoMkA cintana kara tIrthaMkara prakRtikA arjana kiyA : (1) darzanavizuddhi-samyagdarzanake sAtha lokakalyANakI bhAvanA darzanavizuddhi hai / 'sva' rUpakI AsthAke hetu jIvAdi tattvoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna paramA vazyaka hai aura ina tattvoMke zraddhAnArthaM Apta, Agama evaM gurukA zraddhAna apekSita hai| ATha aMga sahita aura paccIsa doSa rahita Atma-zraddhAkA vikAsa karanA darzana vizuddhi bhAvanA hai| tIrthaMkaranAma - karmakA bandha karAnevAle kAraNoM meM darzanavizuddhikA rahanA anivArya hai / (2) vinayasampannatA -- samyagjJAnAdi mokSamArga aura usake sAdhana guru Adike prati ucita Adara-satkAra rakhanA vinayasampannatA hai / vinayake pA~ca bheda hai-- darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura upacAra / samyagdarzana nirdoSa dhAraNa karanA tathA samyagdRSTijIvoM kA yathAsaMbhava satkAra karanA darzanavinaya hai / samyagjJAnako dhAraNa karanA tathA samyagjJAnI puruSoMkA yathocita satkAra karanA jJAnavinaya hai / yathArthameM jJAnavinaya vahI hai, jisase samyagjJAnakA vikAsa ho sake 1 zraddhA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 55

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aura bhaktipUrvaka svAdhyAya karanA aura mAtmavivekako bAgRta karanA mAnavinayake antargasa hai| __ yathAzakti dhipUrvaka kalyANakArI sabhyazcAritrako dhAraNa karanA evaM samyakcAritrake dhArI puruSoM meM pUjya bhAva rakhanA cAritravinaya hai| indriya aura manonigrahapUrvaka samatAbhAvase kSudhA, tuSAdikA kaSTa sahanakara anazana, UnodarAdi sapoMmeM pravRtta honA tathA sAdhu-sapAsvadhaki prAMta pUjya bhAva rakhanA tapavinaya hai| apanese guNAdhika vyakiyoMmeM bhakti-bhAva rakhanA, ziSTatA aura namratApUrvaka unake sAtha saMbhASaNa karanA, uccAsana denA, unakI AzA svIkAra karanA, upacAravinaya hai| vinayaguNake dhAraNa karanese AtmazaktikA vikAsa hotA hai aura kaSAyeM manda hotI haiN| (3) zIlavatAnaticAra-ahiMsA, satya Adi vrata haiM aura inake pAlane meM sahAyaka kroSa, mAna Adi kaSAyoMkA sthAga zIla hai / inakA nirdoSa rItise pAlana karanA zIlavatAnaticArabhAvanA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki zIlavratoMke pAlana karane meM mana-vacana-kAyakI nirdoSa pravRtti zIlavasa-anaticAra hai| zIla AtmAkA svabhAva hai| isa svabhAvase bhinna paramAdoMkA niroSa karanA zIlavata. anatikArabhAvanA hai| indriya aura manakI pravRttiyoMko nirantara zubha banAye rakhanekI ceSTA isa bhAvanAkA lakSya hai| (4) abhIkSNajJAnopayoga-jIvAdi svatasvaviSayaka samyagjJAnameM nirantara samAhita rahanA abhokSaNazAnopayoga hai| isa bhAvanAkA Azaya sapta sattvoMkA nirantara abhyAsa aura cintana hai / zAvameM sadA upayogake rahane se mana saMyamita rahatA hai aura viSayoM kI ora usako pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / ata: vaha viSayoMkI cAhako dAhase achUtA rahatA hai| jaise-jaise zAna aura anubhava vRddhiMgata hote haiM, vaise-vaise AnandakA lAbha hotA hai| (5) abhISaNasaMvega-sAMsArika bhogasampadAeM duHkhakA kAraNa haiM / unase nirantara bhayabhIta rahanA abhIkSaNasaMvega hai / saMsArake viSayoMse bhayabhIta rahate hue dharma, dharmAtmA aura dharmake phalameM anurAga karanA saMvegabhAvanA hai| (6) zaktitaH tyAga-apanI zaktiko vinA chipAye mokSamArgameM upayogI AhAra, abhaya aura zAnadAna denA yathAzakti tyAga hai| (7) zaktiH tapa-apanI zaktiko binA chipAye anazana, Unodara, vRsiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga Adi sapa karanA yathAzakti tapa hai| samyakaprakAra icchAoMkA nirodha karanA tapa hai / isa tapakA payAzakti AcaraNa karanA hI isa bhAvanAkA rahasya hai| 56 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI bhAcArya-paramparA

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14) sAdhusamAdhi-tapazcaryA meM anurakta sAdhuboke Upara vApatti Anepara usakA nivAraNa karanA aura aisA prayatna karanA jisase ve svastha raheM sAdhusamAdhi hai| (1) vaiyAvRtyakaraNa-guNI puruSoMke kaSTameM par3ane para unake kaSTako dUra karanekA prayatna karanA yAvRtyakaraNa hai| vaiyAvRtyakA artha sevA karanA hai| jaba rogAdike kAraNa koI prANI asvastha ho jAya, usa samaya usake pradhAnako aDiga banAye rakhaneke liye vemAvRtti Avazyaka hotI hai / yaha do prakArase saMbhava hai--bhakti aura karuNAse | jo darzana, zAna, cAritra, tapAdi guNoMse unnata haiM, usakI sevA karanA bhaktisevA hai aura guNa-doSoMkI ora dRSTipAta na karake karuNA yA dayAva sevA karanA karuNAsevA hai| (10) ahamaksi-arahanta bhagavAnakI upAsanA karanA ahaMntabhakti hai| yaha bhakti hI caturgatike duHkhoMse dUra kara sakatI hai aura isIke dvArA samyaktva nimaMla hotA hai| (11) AcAryabhakti-dIkSA zikSA denevAle gurukI upAsanA karanA AcAryabhakti hai| (12) bahuzrutabhakti-vAdazAMgavANIke jJAtA upAdhyAya parameSThIkI bhakti karanA bahuzrutabhakti hai| (13) pravacanamakti-pariNAmoMkI nirmalatApUrvaka pravacana-jinAgamameM anurAga rakhanA pravacanabhakti hai| (14) AvazyakAparihANi SaT bAvazyaka kriyAoMko yathAsamaya karate rahanA AvazyakAparihANi bhAvanA hai| (15 / mArgaprabhAvanA-ratnatrayarUpa mokSamArgako svayaM jIvanameM utAranA aura samayAnusAra upayogI kAryoM dvArA sarvasAdhAraNa janatAkA usake prati Adara utpanna karanA mArgaprabhAvanA hai| (16) pravacanavAtsalya-sAdharmI prANiyoMmeM niSkapaTa bhAvase prema karanA, yathAzakti Adara-satkAra karanA evaM niSkAma mAvase unakI sahAyatA karanA pravacanavAtsalya bhAvanA hai| nandamuni tIrthakaranAbhakarmako kAraNabhUta ina solaha prakArako bhAvanAoMkA cintana karatA rahA, jinake phalasvarUpa usane tIrthakaranAmakarmakA bandha kiyA / ' 1. edehi solohi kAraNehi jIvo tityayaragAmAgodaM kammaM baMdhavi (SaTkaNDAgama) / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 57

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usane solaha kAraNabhAvanAoMko apanI jIvanacaryA meM anusyUta kara liyA aura samabhAvoMse zarIra tyAga kara acyuta svargake puSpottara vimAnameM bAIsa sAgarakI mAyuvAle acyutendrakA pada prApta kiyaa| yahA~se cyuta ho vaha tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA pada prApta karegA | isa prakAra mahAvIrake jIvane Atmonnati ke pathameM aneka prakArase unnati aura avanatike nakoroMko sahA / zArIrika pUrNatAke sAtha AdhyAtmika unnati prApta huI / isameM sandeha nahIM ki sorthaMkara banane ke liye eka janmakI sAdhanA nagaNya hai| isake liye kaI janmoM taka sAdhanA yA tapazcaryA karanI par3atI hai / zikArI pururavAbhIlakI paryAyameM unheM ahiMsA aura zramakI jo sampatti prApta huI, usIke prabhAvake phalasvarUpa dharmanetA bananeke hetu unhoMne tIrthaMkara prakRtikA bandha kiyA / uttarapurANa meM AcArya gugale likhA hai.. saMprApya dharmamAkarNya nirNItAptAgamArthakaH / saMyayaM saMprapadyAsu svIkRtaMkAdazAkaH || bhAvayitvA bhavadhvaMsi tIrthakRnAmakAraNam / baddhvA tIrthakaraM nAma saho ccai gotrakarmaNA // dharmakA svarUpa sunakara usane Apta, Agama tathA padArthakA nirNaya kiyA aura saMyama dhAraNa kara zIghra hI gyAraha aMgoMkA pAThI bana gayA / usane tIrthaMkaraprakRtikA baMdha hone meM kAraNabhUta aura saMsArako naSTa karanevAlI darzanavizuddhayAdi solaha kAraNabhAvanAoMkA cintanakara uccagotrake sAtha tIrthaMkaraprakRtikA baMdha kiyA | 1. uttarapurANa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha - saMskaraNa, 74 va parva, zloka 244-245. 58 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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tRtIya pariccheda samasAmayika paristhitiyA~, mahAn vicAraka evaM saMpradAya I0 pUrva 600-700 meM bhAratameM hI nahIM videzoMmeM bhI janakrAnti aura dharmakrAnti huI thii| isa yugameM rAjanIti, samAja aura dharmasaMbandhI mAnyatAe~ parivartita ho rahI thiiN| samasta saMsArake mAnavakA mastiSka udvigna thA / phalataH dhArmika abhyutthAnake hetu cIna meM lAotse aura kanphyUziyasa evaM yUnAna meM sokreTija tathA pleTone janamAnasako badalanekA prayAsa kiyA thaa| prasiddha itihAsakAra eca0 jI0 velsakA abhimasa hai ki I0 pUrva chaThI zatAbdI saMsArake itihAsameM mahattvapUrNa kAla hai| isa zatAbdI meM manuSyakI cetanA sarvatra rUr3hivAdI paramparAoMko badalaneke liye kriyAzIla thii| pratyeka vicAraka rUr3hiyoM, burAIyoM aura svArthIkA dhvaMsakara mAnavatAko nayI pratiSThA karaneke liye prayatnazIla thaa| likhA hai-- (This sixth Century B, C. was indeed one of the most remarkable -59 -

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in all history. Everywhere rmen's minds were displaying a new boldness, Everywhere they were waking up out of the tradition of kingships and priests and blood sacrifices and asking the most penetrating questions, it is as if the race had reached a stage of addescence," isa usaraNase spa hai ki pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM manuSya samAja meM azAMti aura asaMtoSa phailA huA thaa| dharmasiddhAntoMke prati vizvAsa parivartita ho rahe me | rAjanIti aura samAjameM bhI yatheSTa parivartana ho rahe the| usa samaya bhAratameM kahIM rAjatantra yA, to kahIM gaNatantra / kucha aMzoMmeM donoMkA samanvaya bhI prApta hotA thaa| gaNarAjyoM meM zAsanako bAgaDora janatAke hAthameM rahatI thI ataH janaptA rAjAoM dvArA zAsita nahIM hotI thii| bajjI, malla aura zUrasena Adi gaNarAjya the| rAjatantrameM vaMzakramAnugata eka rAjA zAsaka hotA thA, jisakI AzAkA pAlana samasta janatA karatI thii| aise rAjyoMmeM avanti, vatsa, kozala aura magadha pradhAna the| ye janapada sAmrAjya-sthApanAke liye ApasameM saMgharSarata rahate the| rAjatantra bhI sarvatra eka hI tarahakA thA, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| magaSameM aho rAjA sarvazreSTha thA, vahIM sindhumeM rAjA kevala yubameM netRtva karatA thA aura zAsanakAyaM vRddhajanoMkI pariSad dvArA sampanna hotA thA / vaidika yugameM AryasabhyatAke pratinidhi nimnoka nava rAjya the : (1) gaMdhAra-sindhuke donoM ora vistRta rAjya-jisakI rAjadhAniyAM pUrvameM takSazilA aura pazcimameM puSkalAyatI nAmaka nagariyoMmeM thiiN| chAMdogya upaniSad (6 / 14) ke anusAra vicAraka uhAlaka, ANi, gaMdhArase paricita the| jAtaka (saMkhyA 377 evaM 487) ke anusAra AruNi pitA-putra donoM takSazilAke vidyArthI the| yaha rAjya paryApta vistusa yA / (2) kekaya-yahA~ka dArzanika rAjA azvapati prasiddha the| (3) mandra AcArya pataMjaliko yahIMkA nivAsI mAnA gayA hai / (4) vazakuzInara--madhyadezakA uttarI bhAga ; gopathabrAhmaNa (229) meM ise udona deza kahA hai| (5) matsya-rAjasthAnakA bharatapura, alavara, dhaulapurake Asa-pAsakA prdesh| yaha vinAphA prasiddha sthAna rahA hai / 1. mahAvIra-jayantI-smArikA, jayapura 1973, 50 27. 60 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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(6) kuru | (7) paMcAla | (8) kAzI -- yahA~ke dArzanika rAjA ajAtazatru prasiddha the / (9) kozala | ina janapadoMke atirikta magadha, aMga, Andhra, pulinda, puNDra aura niSadha janapada bhI prasiddha the / bhAratIya itihAsake bhAloDanase avagata hotA hai ki mahAbhArata ke uparAnta uttarabhArata meM vaidika kSatriyoMne bAraha rAjyoMkI sthApanA kI thI: - ( 1 ) vatsa, (2) kuru, (3) pAMcAla, (4) zUrasena, (5) kosala, (6) kAzI, (7) pUrvavideha, (8) magadha, (9) kaliMga, (10) bhavanti, (11) mAhiSmatI aura (12) azmaka / I ina dvAdaza rAjyoMmeM kuru, pAMcAla, kozala, videha aura kAzI ye pA~ca pramukha rAjya the / ye sabhI rAjya usa samaya vedAnuyAyI Arya kSatriyoMke the| inake atirikta avaziSTa rAjya zramaNopAsaka kSatriyoMke the, jo pUrva, pazcima, uttara aura dakSiNa meM avasthita the / kahA jAtA hai ki hastinApura meM kuru aura kuruvaMziyoMkA rAjya sthita thA / arjunakA pautra parIkSita usa rAjyakA avIzvara thaa| isa samaya nAga aura dravir3a jAtiyA~ apanI zakti bar3hAne meM lagI thIM tathA takSazilA aura sindhumukhakI pAtAlapurI nAga vizeSa zaktizAlI ho gaye the / phalataH takSazilA ke nAgavaMzI rAjAoM ne kuru rAjyapara AkramaNa kiyA aura isa yuddhameM parIkSitako mRtyu huI / parIkSitake putra janmejayako bhI nAgoMse yuddha karate hue apanA jIvana vyatIta karanA par3A / janmejaya ke pazcAt zatAnIka, azvameSadatta, aura aghisomakRSNa kramazaH siMhAsanapara AsIna hue / adhisomake samaya meM ayodhyA meM divAkara, magadhameM prasenajita, videha meM janaka evaM paMjAba meM pravAhaNa jebAlakA prabhAva vRddhigata ho rahA thA / aghisomake putra nicakSuke samayameM nAgoM kA AkramaNa vizeSa prabala huA aura hastinApura para unakA adhikAra ho gyaa| isI samaya se hastinApurakA nAma nAgapura yA hastinAgapura pracalita huA / sambhavataH yaha ghaTanA I0 pUrva 8 vIM 9 vIM zatAbdIkI hai / isa yuga meM videha meM bhI rAjya krAnti huI aura prajAne kahA~ke kAmI rAjA karAla - janakako samApta kara videhase janakoMkI rAjasattAkA anta kara diyA aura vahA~ saMgharAjyakI sthApanA ho gyii| usI samaya videha ke par3osa meM vaizAlI ke licchaviyoMkA saMgharAjya vikasita ho rahA thA / ataH videhakA saMgharAjya tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 61

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bhI isI meM sammilita ho gayA aura phalasvarUpa suprasiddha vRji yA vajjigaNakI sthApanA huii| ____ kAzImeM jaraga yA nAgavaMzI kSatriyoMkA rAjya sthApita huaa| isa vaMzameM brahmadatta nAmakA cakravartI samrATa huaa| kAzIkI rAjasattA bahuta bar3ha rahI thI aura madhyadeza meM yaha pramukha zAsanazakti thii| kozala bho isake adhIna thA tathA godAvarIkA taTavartI azmaka rAjya bhI isI meM sammilita thaa| kahA jAtA hai-tIrthakara pArzvanAthakA janma isI nAgavaMzameM huA thA / I0 pU0 8vIM zatImeM magadhameM bhI rAjyaviplava huA aura bArhadrayoMkA patana honeke anantara kAzInareza zizunAgako magasavAloMne bhAmaMtrita kiyA aura pagadhaH sa rAjavaMzako pratiSThA ho gyii| isa prakAra I0 pUrva chaThI zatoke lagabhaga mahAbhAratakAlIna samasta vaidika rAjasattAoMkA anta ho gayA aura unake sthAnapara nAgAdi vidyAghara, licchavi, malla, maurya Adi vrAtya kSatriyoMne rAjasattAeM sthApita kii| DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjIne' aguttaranikAyameM Aye hue solaha janapadoMkI sUcI nimnaprakAra prastuta kI hai : (1) aga (2) magadha (3) kAsI (4) kosala (5) vajyi (6) malla (7) ceTi (cedi) (8) vaMsa (vatsa) (10) paMcAla (11) maccha (matsya) (12) sUrasena (13) assaka (azmaka) (14) avanti (15) gaMdhAra (16) kamboja 1. hindU samyatA, himbI-saMskaraNa, rAjakamala prakAzana, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR0 176. 2. 1 / 213, 44252, 4 / 256, 4 / 260. 62 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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ina janapadoMmeM sAta janapada pramukha the :-- (1) kaliMga-rAjaSAno daMtapura, (2) assaka-rAjadhAnI potama, (3) avanti-rAjadhAnI mAhissati, (4) sauvIra--mukhya nagara roruka, (5) videha-rAjadhAnI mithilA, (6) aMga-rAjadhAnI campA, (7) kAzI-rAjadhAnI taaraannsii| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI-aMga, baMga, magaha, malaya, mAlava, accha, vaccha (vatsa), koccha, pAr3ha (puNDra), lAr3ha (rAr3ha), vajji, moli (malla), kAzI, kosala, avAha, saMmuttara ina solaha janapadoMke nAma prApta hote haiN| baMga-yaha magadhake pUrvameM thaa| isakI rAjadhAno campA tho| Adhunika vihArake bhAgalapurakA campAnagara Aja bhI isakI dharoharake rUpameM surakSita hai| campA usa samaya bhAratavarSakI sabase prasiddha nagariyoMmeM thI / yaha kalA, saMskRti, sabhyatA bora vyApArakA kendra thI / isa rAjyane vizeSa unnati kI, para zanaiH zanaiH isakI zaktikA hrAsa Arambha huaa| magaSase sadA saMgharSa hotA rahA aura antameM magadhane isa rAjyako parAjita kara apanemeM milA liyA / mASa--magaSakI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha nagarI thii| usa samaya rAjagRhakA vaibhava bahuta hI prasiddha thaa| magadhameM paTanA aura gayAke Adhunika jile bhI sammilita the| prAgabuddhakAlameM bahadratha aura jarAsaMgha yahA~ke pramakha zAsaka the| batAyA jAtA hai ki aMgake zAsaka brahmadatta aura anya rAjAoMne magadhake rAjAoMko parAsta kiyA thA, para aMtameM magadhako hI jIta huii| kAzI--isakI rAjadhAnI vArANasI thI, jo varuNA aura asI nadiyoMke saMgamapara basI thii| yaha nagarI bAraha yojana vistRta basalAyI gayI hai ! 'mahAbagga meM kAzI dezakA vistRta varNana mAyA hai| vaibhava, zilpa, buddhi evaM jJAnake liye yaha rAjya prasiddha rahA hai| kozalarAjyake sAtha isakA vizeSa saMgharSa rahA hai / kAzIrAjyakI zakti isa saMgharSake kAraNa dinAnudina kSINa hotI gayI aura aMtameM isakA patana ho gyaa| koza-uttarapradezake madhyameM uttarakI ora kozala rAjya sthita thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI zrAvastI thI / mayodhyAkA mahattva usa samaya taka ghaTa gayA thA vIryakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 63

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aura zrAvastIkA mahattva bar3hatA jA rahA thA / kAzIke sAtha isakA saMgharSa bahuta dinoM taka calA aura aMtameM kAzIke astitvako samApta kara kozala - rAjAoMne apane sAmrAjyakA vistAra kiyA / zrAvastI nagarIkA vyApAra kI dRSTise bar3A mahattva thA / zAkyoMkI rAjadhAnI kapilavastu isI kozala rAjyake aMtargata thI / vRjji - yaha ATha rAjyoM kA eka saMgha thaa| jisameM licchavI, videha, aura jhAka ( nAthavaMza) vizeSa mahatva pUrNa the / ye sabhI uttara-vihArameM the| mahAvIra aura buddhake samaya taka bRjjisaMgha vidyamAna thA / pANini aura kauTilyane bhI vRjjiyoM kiye haiN| vahIM pati bhI aura isa saMghakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI thI / una dinoM vaizAlI saMskRti aura sabhyatAkA pradhAna kendra thI / vRjjizAsanameM pratyeka grAmakA pramukha rAjA kahalAtA thA / rAjyake sAmUhika kAryakA vicAra eka pariSadvArA hotA thA, jisake ve sabhI sadasya hote the / malla - vRjjiyoMke par3osI malla the aura unakA bhI gaNarAjya thA / ye loga vRjjike pazcima aura kozalake pUrva meM the / pAvA aura kuzInagara isa rAjyake pramukha nagara the / malla do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta the / eka bhAga kuzInagarameM rahatA thA aura dUsarA pAvAmeM / mahAbhAratameM mallake donoM rAjyoMkA ullekha hai / bi - Adhunika bundelakhaNDa ke antargata yaha rAjya thA aura isakI rAjadhAnI zaktimatI thI / zizupAla yahIMkA rAjA thA / vatsa - kAzIke pazcimameM yaha janapada sthita thaa| purANoke anusAra rAjA vicakSune yamunA nadI ke taTapara apane rAjavaMzakI sthApanA hastinApurake rAjyapatanake anantara ko thii| isakI rAjadhAnI kozAmbI thii| yaha vyApArika mArgapara sthita thA, isaliye isakA vizeSa mahattva thA / avantike sAtha isakA niraMtara saMgharSa calatA rahatA thA / kucha - dillI aura meraThake samIpavartI pradezameM yaha rAjya sthita thA aura isakI rAjadhAnI indraprastha thI / eka jAtakake anusAra isa rAjyameM tInasI saMgha the / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yahA~ke ikSvAku nAmaka rAjAkA ullekha AyA hai| jAtakakathAoMmeM sutasoma, kaurava aura dhanajaya yahA~ke rAjA mAne gaye haiM / prArambhameM yahA~ rAjatantra thA, tadanantara yahA~ gaNatantrako sthApanA huii| yaha dharma aura zIla pradhAna janapada mA / pAMcAla - kuru aura pAMcAla milakara sambhavataH eka rASTra ginA jAtA thA / ataH kuru rASTrakI rAjadhAnI kabhI indraprastha, kabhI kAmpilyanagara aura kamI uttara 64 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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pAMcAlanagarameM avasthita rahatI thii| pAMcAla deza kozala aura vatsake pazcima tamA cedike uttara thA / kuru isake pazcima aura vrajabhUmike uttara thA / ye donoM prAcIna janapada the, para inakA mahattva ghaTa rahA thaa| pAMcAla janapadakI do zAkhAe~ thIM :-uttarI aura dakSiNI / uttarI pAMcAlako rAjadhAnI ahicchatra aura dakSiNI pAMcAlako kAmpilya thii| ArambhameM yahA~ rAjatantra thA, parantu bAdameM yahA~ gaNatantrako sthApanA huii| ___ matsya-Adhunika alavara, jayapura aura bharatapura rAjyoMkI bhUmipara yaha sthita thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI virATanagarI thii| matsya pahale to cediyoMke adhIna thA, para kucha samaya bAda magadhake adhIna ho gyaa| zUrasena-kuruke dakSiNa aura cedike pazcimottara yamunAke dAhine zUrasenoMkA rAjya thaa| isa janapadako mathurA rAjadhAnI thii| pahale yahAM gaNatantra thA, bAdameM yahA~ rAjatantra huaa| vazmaka- yaha rAjya godAvarIke taTapara sthita thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI pATelI (potana) thii| isa rAjyake rAjA ikSvAkuvaMzake the| inakA avantIke sAtha nirantara saMgharSa calatA rahatA thA / zanaiH zanaiH yaha rAjya avantIke adhIna ho gyaa| ___ avantI-Adhunika mAlavA prAnta hI prAcIna abantIkA rAjya hai / uttarI avantIkI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI aura dakSiNI avantIkI rAjadhAnI mAhiSmatI thI / prAcInakAlameM yahA~ haihaya vaMzakA zAsana thaa| gAndhAra-yaha Adhunika aphagAnistAnakA pUrvI bhAga thaa| yaha pazcimI paMjAba aura kAzmIra taka vistRta thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI takSazilA thii| avantI aura gAndhArake bIca kaI bAra yuddha hue the| magadharAja bimbasArakA bhI isa rAjyake sAtha mitratAkA sambandha thaa| takSazilAmeM eka prasiddha vizvavidyAlaya thA, jisake kAraNa gAndhAra vikhyAta thA / kamboja-gAndhAra kAzmIrake uttara Adhunika pAmIrakA paThAra tathA usake pazcima varakhUzAma pradeza, kamboja mahAjanapada kahalAtA thaa| hATaka yA rAjapura isa rAjyako rAjadhAnI thii| ina solaha janapadoMke atirikta bhI usa samaya bhAratavarSa meM kaI choTe-choTe rASTra the / gAndhAra-kuru tathA marasyake bIca kekaya, madraka, trigataM, yaudheya Adi tathA unake pazcima aura dakSiNa-pazcimameM sindhu, zivi, ambaSTha, sauvIra Adi rASTra the / solaha mahAjanapadoMmeMse gAndhAra-kambojakA yugala to eka ora thA; kintu avaziSTa sApta yugalake pradeza lagAtAra eka dUsarese lage hue the| inakI pUrvI sImA aMga aura kaliMga tathA dakSiNI sImA azmaka thI / isa yugake bhAratake tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 65

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antargata kendrIyakaraNakI bhAvanAke sthAnapara vikendrIyakaraNa kI bhAvanA vizeSa rUpase vidyamAna thii| bhArata kaI choTe-choTe rAjyoMmeM vibhakta thA aura koI bhI rAjya itanA zaktizAlI nahIM thA ki vaha bhAratabhUmimeM sthita anya rAjyoMko apane adhikArameM karake eka zaktizAlI kendrIya rAjyako sthApanA karane meM saphala hotA / solaha mahAjanapadoMkI yaha vyavasthA bhI adhika dinoM taka na raha sakI; kyoMki kaI janapada dUsare janapadoMko nigalakara apanA kalevara bar3hAne meM saMlagna the / aMga aura magadhameM saMgharSa calatA rahA / isI prakAra kAzI aura kozala bhI saMgharSarata rahe / saMkSepameM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsvI pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM samasta uttara bhAratake rAjyoMmeM Adhipatya ke liye jo saMgharSa cala rahA thA, usameM mukhyarUpase kozala, la, avantI aura manava zAsakagaNa sakriya rUpase bhAga le rahe the / sabhI apane-apane astitvako sudRr3ha banAne meM lage hue the aura apaneapane rAjyake netRtvameM eka saMgaThita sAmrAjyakI sthApanA karanA cAhate the / bimbasAra, prasenajita, caNDapradyota evaM vatsarAja udayana prabala zAsaka the aura apane-apane kSetroMke vistAra meM saMlagna the / isa lambe saMgharSa se hI bhAratavarSa meM itihAsakA eka nayA adhyAya Arambha hotA hai. jisameM magadha aura vaizAlIkA utkarSa - apakarSaM dikhalAI par3atA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake janma ke samaya dezakI rAjanItika sthiti vizRMkhalita sI ho rahI thI / rAjatantra aura gaNatantra donoM hI samAnAntara rUpa meM vikasita ho rahe the| para rAjatantrakA astitva zanaiH zanaiH sudRr3ha hotA jA rahA thA aura yaha gaNatantra-vyavasthAko dhvasta karanA cAhatA thA / bauddha sAhitya meM dasa gaNarAjyoMkA ullekha prApta hotA hai / inameM kapilavastu ke zAkya aura vaizAlIke licchavi pradhAna the / zAkya gaNarAjya janatantrAtmaka paddhatipara zAsita hotA thA / zAsana kI bAgaDora janatA ke hAthoMmeM thI aura rAjasattA assI hajAra kulona parivAroMke hAthoMmeM thI / rAjAkA nirvAcana hotA thA aura nirvAcanake pazcAt rAjA rASTrapati ke rUpameM kArya karatA thaa| rAjya saMcAlanake liye eka pariSadkA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thA, jo parAmarzadAtRpariSadke rUpameM kArya karatI thI / koI kArya isa pariSadkI sammatike binA nahIM hotA thaa| rAjyakA pratyeka nAgarika rASTrakA sevaka mAnA jAtA thA / pariSadko saMthAgAra kahA jAtA thA / lalitavistara meM zAkya - rAjya ke sadasyoMkI saMkhyA pA~ca sau batalAyI gayI hai / vaizAlI meM licchavi-gaNarAjyaM sthApita thA, jisake sadasyoMkI saMkhyA sAta 66 khorthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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hajAra sAta sau sAta thI / pratinidhisabhAko saMthAgAra kahA jAtA thaa| yaha rAjyakI vyavasthApikA sabhA hotI thI / licchavi, videha aura anya cha : rAjyoMko milAkara eka saMgha banA huA thA, jise vajjisaMgha kahate the / vajjisaMghakI zAsana vyavasthA sambandhI nimnalikhita vizeSatAeM thIM : 1. vajjisaMghakI aneka sabhAeM thIM, jinake adhivezana prAyaH huA karate the / 2. vajjisaMghake loga paraspara milakara rAjakIya kAryoMko samhAlate the, eka hokara baiThaka karate aura apanI tathA saMghakI unnati ke liye prayAsa karate / 3. ye apane saMghake paramparAgata niyamoM aura vyavahAroMke pAlane meM sAvadhAna rahate the aura saMghadvArA pratipAdita evaM vihita vyavasthAkA anusaraNa karate the / 4. inakA zAsana vRddhoMke hAthoMmeM thA, jinakA ye loga Adara karate the aura jinakI bAtoMko dhyAnapUrvaka sunate-samajhate the / kuzInArA aura pAvAmeM malloMkA gaNatantra sthApita thA / isameM ATha pramukha vyakti rahate the aura zAsanakA samasta kArya saMthAgAra dvArA kiye gaye nirNayoMke AdhArapara sampAdita hotA thA / isa prakAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samayameM dezakI zAsana vyavasthA eka aura gaNarAjyoMkI lokatantrAtmaka paddhatipara AdhArita thI aura dUsarI ora rAjatantravyavasthA svatantrarUpase vikasita ho rahI thI / gaNatantroMmeM pArasparika IrSyAdveSa evaM dalabandiyoM vidyamAna thIM / Arthika sthiti : tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samayameM bhArata meM artha saMkaTa nahIM thA / usa samayakA bhArata Ajase kahIM adhika sampanna aura sukhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| tatkAlIna jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM Arthika samRddhike paryApta citraNa prApta hote haiM / pANinikI aSTAdhyAyI, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi granthoM meM unnata Arthika jIvana sambandhI sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| janapadoMmeM samRddha honevAle vibhinna zilpa yA dezoMke liye jAnapadIyavRtti (4|1|42 ) zabda upalabdha hotA hai / kucha vyakti vetanase bhI AjIvikA upArjana karate the aura kucha zAsana meM kArya karate the / sarakArI zreNImeM kArya karanevAle adhyakSa aura yukta kahalAte the| zastropajIvI vyaktiyoM kA bhI nirdeza prApta hotA hai / bhUtti yA pArizramika lekara kAma karane tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 67

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I vAle karmakAra majadUroMkA bhI astitva vidyamAna thA / karmakAroMko pArizramika nagama jAtA thA ! sAmagrI kraya-vikraya se sUcita vyApAra aura dukAnadArIkA ullekha AyA hai / isase yaha bhI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki usa yugameM vyAjapara RNa lenekI prathA bhI vidyamAna thI / RNa jisa mAsameM deya hotA thA, usake AdhArapara RNakA nAma par3atA thA / aSTAdhyAyI meM agahana yA bhAgazIrSa meM deya RNako AgrahAyaNika aura saMvatsara ke anta meM deya RNako sAMvatsarika kahA gayA hai / kRSi sambandhI zabdAvalI meM 'hala' yA usakA paryAya 'sIra' zabda pracalita the / jutAI aura boAIkI vidhiyoMkA bhI ullekha AyA hai| phasaloMkA nAmakaraNa usa mahone ke nAmase hotA thA, jisameM ve boyI jAtI thiiN| khetoMke nAma unameM boye jAnevAle dhAnyoMke nAmase rakhe jAte the / vrIhi, zAli, jo, sAThI, tila, ur3ada, alasI evaM sana Adi dhAnya boye jAte the / anAja bharanevAle thailekA nAma goNI aura DharakIkA pravANi nAma Aye haiN| kumhAra, carmakAra, raMgasAja aura sUtI tathA rezamI vastra bunanevAle bunakara bhI usa samaya samAja meM vidyamAna the / mahAbhAratake adhyayanase bhI usa samayakI Arthika samRddhikA parijJAna prApta hotA hai| nAgarika aura grAmINa donoM prakArake jIvanakA paricaya prApta hotA hai / ghara miTTI, IMTa, patthara aura lakar3Ise banAye jAte the / makAnoMke bIcameM sar3aka evaM galiyAM rahatI thiiN| bhavana aura prAsAda kaI maMjiloMke banAye jAte the / grAmoMke bAhara maMdira evaM cetya banavAne kI prathA thI / kRSike sambandhameM vizeSa unnati huI thI / bauja, bhUmike meda evaM miTTIke guNoMkA paricaya jJAta thaa| siMcAIkI vyavasthA bhI vidyamAna thI / bADhayukta kSetra kedAra kahalAte the| kapAsa, jau, gehUM, cAvala, mU~ga, tila, ur3ada, gannA evaM zAka Adi paryApta mAtrAmeM utpanna hote the / grAmya pazuoM meM gAya, bhaiMsa, bher3a, bakarI, azva, gaja Adiko gaNanA kI jAtI thii| go-pAlana, dugdhotpatti, ghRta-nirmANa evaM vibhinna prakAra ke miSTAnna nirmANa bhI pracalita the / sunAra, luhAra, raMgareja, telI, dhobI, darjI, tantuvAya, kumhAra, carmakAra Adi vibhinna prakArake peze karanevAle vyakti vidyamAna the / nagada lena-dena aura vastuoMkI adalA-badalo donoM hI prakArako prathAe~ pracalita thIM / rAjya vyApAriyoMse parAmarza karake AyAta-niryAta, bhar3asAlako avadhi, mAlako mA~ga evaM usako upalabdhike AdhArapara vastuoM kA mUlya nirdhArita karatA thA / vyApAriyoMke sAmUhika gaThana vidyamAna the, jo kraya 68 : torthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya paramparA

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vikraya aura usake vyavahAroMkA niyama nirdhAraNa karate the / vyApAramArga banakAntAra, jalIya-pradeza aura araNyoMmeM hote hue jAte the | mAla pazu aura gAr3iyopara DhoyA jAtA thA / nadIkA yAtAyAta nAvoMse hotA thA, jisakA tarpaNya dUrI aura sthAnIya darake hisAbase taya kiyA jAtA thaa| samudrI yAtAyAtake liye dara nizcita nahIM thaa| nausaMcAra-sambandhI asAvadhAnIke kAraNa honevAlI kSatiko pUrti nau yA pravahaNake svAmIko karanI par3atI thI ! isa adhyayanase aisA bhI jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya bImekA bho prabandha pracalita thA / niryAta vANijyakA niyamana rAjyakI orase hotA thaa| jisa mAlameM rAjAkA ekAdhikAra thA yA jisakA nirgama varjita thA, usakA niryAta karanevAle vyApArIko sampatti jabta kara lI jaatiirth|| prAcya dezameM hAthI, kAzmIrameM kesara, rezama evaM UnI vastra, pazcimI dezoMmeM azva, dakSiNameM ratna evaM motI AdikA niryAta sImita thA / vANijyapara zulka bhI liyA jAtA thA / kraya-vikrayake bhAva mAla lAne, le jAneko dUrI, mukhya aura goNa mUlya evaM mArga meM zaMkAsthaloMkA vicAra kara zulkAdhyakSa zulkoMko dara nizcita karate the| rAjyakI orase nadiyoMpara utarAIke ghAToMkA bhI prabandha thaa| yahA~ zulkakI dara nizcita thii| mahAvIrake samayameM svarNa, rajata evaM tAmrakI mudrAe bhI pracalita thiiN| paNa, addhapaNa, pAdapaNa, aSTabhAgapaNa, ropyamASaka, dharaNa Adi sikke pracalita the| svarNa aura rajatake niSkoMkA bhI vyavahAra hotA thaa| isa prakAra mahAvIrake samayakA bhArata Arthika daSTise pUrNa samRddha thA / anna aura vastrakI kamI usa samaya kisIke samakSa nahIM thii| grAma aura nagara apanI-apanI AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti ke liye samartha the| kRSise anna, karaghese vastra, zilpiyoMse vilAsa-sAmagrI evaM pazuoMse dugdha aura vAhanake kArya sampanna kiye jAte the / dezakA vyApAra mizra, yUnAna, cIna, phArasa evaM siMhala taka vyApta thA | Amoda-pramodakI sAmagriyoMkA bhI bAhulya thA / kUpa, vApI, snAnAgAra, sabhAgRha, nATayazAlA AdikI bhI kamI nahIM thii| sAmAjika sthiti mahAvIrake samayakA samAja vaidikakAlIna samAjakI apekSA TUTa rahA thA / samAjameM zikSAkA pracAra to avazya thA, para usakI sImAe~ nizcita thIM / strI aura zUdroMko vedAdhyayanake adhikArase vaMcita kiyA gayA thA / RgvedakAlameM jisa jAtiprathAkA pracAra huA vaha sUtrakAlameM Akara adhika sudRr3ha ho gyii| RgvedameM antarjAtIya vivAhakA niSedha kevala bhAI-bahana yA pitA-purIke vya* tIrthakara mahAvIra mora sanakI dezamA : 19

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bhicArake virodha meM hI thA / zatapatha brAhmaNa meM vivAha sambandhI yaha pratiSedha rakta-sambandhakI tRtIya yA caturthaM pIr3hI taka samAviSTa ho gayA / brAhmaNa evaM kSatriya apanese hIna varNakI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha kara sakate the / jAti-pA~ti vyavasthA dinodina saMkIrNa hotI jA rahI thii| brAhmaNakA prabhutva paryApta vikasita ho gayA thA / kSatriya bhUmike svAmI mAne jAte the| vezyoMkA kArya kRSi evaM vANijya dvArA dhanArjana karanA thA tathA zUdra sevA dvArA hI apanA udara-poSaNa karate the / samAjake saMcAlanakA dAyitva ucca vargake vyaktiyoMke hAthameM thA aura ve cAheM jaise bhI samAjapara atyAcAra aura nAcAra kara sakate the | usa samaya vaidika aura zramaNa donoM ho sAmAjika saMgaThanameM bhAga le rahe the / viSa hone lagI thIM, jinake phalasvarUpa vibhinna varNake vyakti apane varNake viruddha kArya karane lage the / nAga, dravir3a Adi jAtiyA~ vaidika kSatriya - rAjasattAoM kA sAmanA karane lagI thIM / zanaiH zanaiH purAnI rAjasattAoMke sthAnapara vrAtya evaM kSAtra bandhuoMkI rAjasattAe~ sthApita hone lagI thiiN| brAhmaNa paramparAko anuzrutiyoM meM licchavi, malla, morIya Adi jAtiyoMko vrAtya batAyA gayA hai| zizunAgavaMzako bhI kSatriya nahIM, apitu kSAtra bandhu kahA gayA hai / ' vrAtya' zabda atharvaveda meM bhI AyA hai / yaha zramaNa paramparAse sambandhita hai / yaha zabda arvAcIna kAla meM AcAra aura saMskAroMse hIna mAnavoMke liye vyavahRta hotA rahA hai / AcArya hemacandrane apane 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi koza' meM - " prAtyaH saMskAravarjitaH / vrate sAdhuH kAlo vrAtyaH / tatra bhavo vrAtyaH prAyazcittArhaH, saMskAro'tra upanayanaM tena varjitaH ' likhA hai / 411 manusmRtimeM batAyA hai-- kSatriya, vaizya aura brAhmaNa yogya avasthA prApta karanepara bhI asaMskRta haiN| kyoMki ve vrAtya haiM aura ve AryoM dvArA garhaNIya haiM / brAhmaNa saMtati, upanayana Adi vratoMse rahita hone ke kAraNa vrAtya zabda dvArA nirdiSTa kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra arvAcIna ullekhoMmeM vrAtyakA artha AcArahIna batalAyA gayA hai, para prAcIna granthoMmeM vrAtyakA artha vidvattama, mahAdhikArI, puNyazIla aura vizvasammAnya vyakti ke artha meM AyA hai| atharvaveda meM likhA hai 1. abhidhAnacintAmaNikoSa, 20518. 2. dvijAtayaH savarNAsu janayansyavratAMstu tAm / tAn sAvitrI-paribhraSTAn bAhyAniti vinidizet // - manusmRti 10/20 70 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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kaJcid vidvattamaM mahAdhikAraM puNyazIlaM vizvasaMmAnyam / brAhmaNaviziSTaM vrAtyamanulakSyavacanamiti mantavyam / / vrAtyakANDako bhUmikA meM AcArya sAyaNane likhA hai - " upanayana Adise hIna mAnava vrAtya kahalAtA hai| aise mAnavako vaidika kRtyoMke liye anadhikArI aura sAmAnyataH patita mAnA jAtA hai| parantu koI vrAtya aisA ho, jo vidvAn aura tapasvI ho, brAhmaNa bhale hI usase dveSa kareM, para vaha sarvapUjya hogA aura devAdhideva paramAtmAke tulya hogA / " uparyukta uddharaNa se spaSTa hai ki atharvavedakA vrAtyakANDa kisI brAhmaNetara paramparAse sambaddha hai / yaha paramparA zramaNoMkI ho sakatI hai / prAtya zabdakA mUla vrata hai / vratakA artha dhArmika saMkalpa aura saMkalpoMmeM jo sAdhu hai, kuzala hai, vaha vrAtya hai| DaoN0 hevarane brAtya zabdakA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai -- "vAtyakA artha vratoMmeM dIkSita hai| arthAt jisane AtmAnuzAsanako dRSTi se svecchApUrvaka vrata svIkAra kiye haiM, vaha jJAtya hai / " ataeva spaSTa hai ki vratoMkI paramparA zramaNa saMskRtiko maulika dena hai 1 veda, brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka sAhitya meM kahIM bhI vratoMkA ullekha nahIM hai / DaoN0 kItha, maikaDonala Adine bhI vratoMmeM dIkSita vyaktiyoMko vrAtya kahA hai / isa prakAra prAcIna kAlameM vrAtya zabdakA prayoga zramaNa-saMskRti ke anuyAyiyoM ke liye prayukta hotA thaa| DaoN0 jyotiprasAdajIne pro0 jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra kA uddharaNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai - " kSAtrabandhu zabdakA prayoga hInatAkA bhAva sUcita karaneke liye kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki ve vrAtya logoMke kSatriya the aura vrAtya ve AyaMjAtiyA~ thIM, jo madhyadeza ke pUrva yA uttara-pazcimameM rahatI thIM / ve madhyadezake kulIna brAhmaNa kSatriyoMke AcArakA anusaraNa nahIM karatI thIM / unakI zikSA-dIkSAko bhASA prAkRta thI aura veza-bhUSA AryokI dRSTise pariSkRta na thI / ve madhyadezake brAhmaNoMke saMskAra na karate the aura brAhmaNoM ke bajAya arahantoMko mAnate the tathA cetiyoM (caityoM) kI pUjA karate the / *" vastutaH mahAvIra ke pUrva sAmAjika krAnti parilakSita hone lagI thI aura 1. atharvaveda 15 / 1 / 1 / 1. 2. vahI, 15 / 1 / 11. 3. Vratya as initiated in varatas. Hence vratyas meaus a person who has volmitanly accepted the moral code of vows for his own spiritual discipline-By Dr. Hebar. 4. bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa, pR0 39. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 71

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vaidika AryoMkI zuddha saMtati samApta ho rahI thii| ramizraNa, sAMskRtika AdAnapradAna evaM dharma-parivartanAdike kAraNa navIna bhAratIya jAtiyo udaya meM A rahI thiiN| Arya aura dhar3AmeM bhI sA mizraNa ho rahA thA aura parassara jAtIya bheda-bhAva TUTatA jA rahA thaa| vyavasAyakarmake anusAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zadra ina cAra varSoM meM samasta bhAratIya samAja vibhakta ho rahA thaa| kSAtradharma pAlana karanevAle Arya-vrAtya, nAga aura draviDa sabhI kSatriya kahalAte the / itanA honepara bhI vaidika saMskAra itane sudRr3ha aura sugaThita the ki unameM sAmAnyatayA koI parivartana dikhalAyo nahIM par3atA thA / vedAnuyAyI brAhmaNa 'ahaMdaza' apaneko sarvazreSTha, pavitra aura kriyAkANDakA adhikArI mAnatA thA / vaidika dharma aura mAnyatAeM itanI jaTila aura ADambarapUrNa ho gayI thIM ki unakI lokagrAhyatA samAptipara thii| varNAzramadharma samAjapara chAyA huA thA / yadyapi isake virodhameM krAntikI dhvani gUMja rahI thI, para isa prathAke virodhameM khar3e honeko kSamatA kisI vyaktivizeSameM avaziSTa nahIM thii| dhArmika sthiti : I0 pU0 600 ke Asa-pAsa bhAratako dhAmika sthiti bhI bahuta ho asthira aura bhrAnta tho| eka ora yajJIya karmakANDa aura dUsarI ora katipaya vicAraka apane siddhAntoMkI sthApanA dvArA janatAko saMdeza de rahe the / cAroM ora hiMsA, asatya, zoSaNa, anAcara evaM nArIke prati kiye jAnevAle jora-julma apanA nagna tANDava prastuta kara rahe the| dharmake nAmapara mAnava apanI vikRtiyoMkA dAsa banA huA thA / vaiyaktika svAtaMtrya samApta ho cukA thA aura mAnavake adhikAra tAnAzAhoM dvArA samApta kiye jA rahe the / mAnavatA karAha rahI thI aura usakI garimA khaNDita ho cukI thii| dharma rAjanItikA eka bhoMthA hathiyAra mAtra raha gayA thaa| bhaya aura AtaMkake kAraNa janatA dhArmika kriyAkANDakA pAlana karatI thI, para zraddhA aura AsthA usake hRdayameM avaziSTa nahIM thii| svArthalolupa dharmaguru aura dharmAcArya dharmake ThekedAra bana baiThe the| mAnavakI antazcetanA mUrchita ho rahI thI aura dAsatAko vRtti dinoM-dina bar3hatI jAtI thii| digbhrAnta mAnavakA mana bhaTaka rahA thA aura kahIM bhI use zAnakA Aloka prApta nahIM ho rahA thA / nArIko sAmAjika sthiti bhayAvaha thii| usakA apaharaNa kiyA jA rahA thaa| koI use ber3iyoMmeM jakar3atA aura koI use talagharoMmeM banda karatA thaa| phalata: nArokA nArItva hI nahIM apitu samasta mAnavasamAja andhakArameM bhaTaka rahA thA aura sabhIko dRSTi uddhArake hetu kisI mahAzaktikI pratIkSAmeM lagI huI thii| 72 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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nirIha pazuoMkA nirmama badha kiyA jA rahA thA / pazumedha hI nahIM naramedha bhI kiye jA rahe the| bhISaNa raktapAta vidyamAna thaa| agnikuNDoMse cItkArakI dhvani karNagocara ho rahI thii| varvaratA aura amanuSyatAkA nagna tANDava vartamAna thA / manuSya manuSya ke dvArA honevAle nirlajja zoSaNakA itihAsa banA huA thaa| tIrthakara pAzvanAthake pazcAt yajJIya kriyAkANDoMne mAnavatAko saMtrasta kara diyA thaa| AlokakI dharmarekhA dhuMdhalI hotI jA rahI thI aura jIvanakA abhizApa dinAnudina bojhila ho rahA thaa| aneka vyakti apaneko tIrthakara kahane lage the aura ye vyakti bhI mAnavatAke asamartha the| koI kahatA thA ki bhautikatA hI jIvanakA carama lakSya hai, koI prANameM kahatA thA ki akriyA hI dharma hai aura koI akarmaNyatAko hI dharma ghoSita karatA thaa| kSaNikavAda, nityavAda, niyativAda Adi siddhAnta digbhrAnta mAnavako zAnti pradAna karane meM asamartha the| svarga, naraka bika rahe the aura dhanikavarga lambI-lambI rakameM dekara apanA sthAna surakSita karA rahA thA / dharma aura darzanake kSetrameM pUrNatayA arAjakatA vidyamAna thaa| avyavasthA, auddhattha, ahakAra, ajJAnatA aura svairAcArane dharmakI pAvanatAko khaNDita karadiyA thaa| vargasvArthakI dUSita bhAvanAoMne mAnavatAko dhUmila kara diyA thaa| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha aura maitrI jaisI udAtta bhAvanAe~ khataremeM thiiN| sadiyakA sthAna varNodayane prApta kara liyA thA aura dharma eka vyApAra bana gayA thaa| usa samayake vicArakoMmeM pUrNakAzyapa, makkhalI gozAlaka, ajitakezakambala, prAddha kAtyAyana, saMjaya belaTTiputra aura gautama buddha pramukha the / 'donikAya'ke 'samanaphalasutta meM nigraMtha jJAtaputra mahAvIra sahita sAta dharmanAyakoMkI carcA prApta hotI hai| hama yahA~ usa samayake dharmanAyakoMkI pramukha mAnyatAoMkA vivecana kara usa samayakI dhArmika sthitikA spaSTIkaraNa prastuta kreNge| akriyAvAda-pravartaka : pUrNakAzyapa pUrNakAzyapa akriyAvAdake samarthaka the / anubhavoMse paripUrNa mAnakara janatA inheM pUrNa kahatI thii| ye jAtisa brAhmaNa the aura kAzyapa inakA gotra thA / ye nagna rahate the aura assI hajAra inake anuyAyI the| eka bauddha-kiMvadantIke anusAra yaha eka pratiSThita gRhastha ke putra the / eka dina inake svAmIne inheM dvArapAlakA kAma sauNpaa| pUrNakAzyapane ise apanA apamAna samajhA aura virakta hokara araNyakI ora cala pdd'e| mArgameM coroM ne inake kapar3e chIna liye, tabase ye nagna rahane lge| eka bAra jaba ye kisI grAmameM gaye, to logoMne inheM pahanane ke liye vastra diyA / pUrNakAzyapane vastra vApasa karate hue kahA--"vastrakA prayojana lajjA-nivAraNa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 73

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hai aura lajjAkA mUla pApamaya pravRtti hai| maiM to pApamaya pravRttise dUra hUM / ataH mujhe vastroMkI kyA AvazyakatA hai" pUrNakAzyapako nispRhatA aura asaMgatA dekhakara janatA unako anuyAyI hone lago / yataH pUrNakAzyapa akriyAvAdake pravartaka the, ataH unakA abhimatathA-"agara koI kucha kare yA karAye, kATe yA kaTAye, kaSTa de yA dilAye, zoka kare yA karAye, kisIko kucha duHstra ho yA koI de, Dara lage yA DarAye, prANiyoMko mAra DAle, corI kare, gharameM seMdha lagAye, DAkA DAle, eka hI makAna para dhAvA bola de, baTamArI kare, paradAra-gamana kare yA asatya bole to bhI use pApa nahIM lgtaa| tIkSNa dhAravAle cakase yadi koI isa saMsArake pazaoMke mAMsakA bar3A Dhera lagA de to bhI usameM bilakula pApa nahIM hai, usameM koI doSa nahIM hai| gaMgA nadIke dakSiNI kinAre para jAkara yadi koI aneka dAna kare yA karavAye, yaza kare yA karavAye, to bhI usameM koI puNya nahIM miltaa| dAna, dharma, saMyama aura satyabhASaNase puNyakI prApti nahIM hotii|"2 uparyukta uddharaNase nimnalikhita niSkarSa prastuta hote haiM(1) kriyA karane para bhI pApa aura puNyase alipta rahanA / (2) kriyA samyak aura mithyAtvakA bheda-bhAva nhiiN| (3) kriyA karanekI pravRtti svAbhAvika hai, isase jIva bandhako prApta nahIM hotaa| (4) mana-vacana-kAyaH kRta, kArita aura anumodanAmeM taratamabhAvakA abhAva | (5) kriyAkA sampAdana naisagika hai aura nisarga bandhakA kAraNa nahIM hai| ataeva kriyAke prati nispRhtaa| niyativAda-pravartaka makkhali gozAlaka ___ makkhali gozAlaka niyativAdakA pravartaka thA / makkhali usake pitAkA nAma thA / isI kAraNa vaha makkhaliputra kahalAtA thaa| gozAlakakA jIvanavRtta bauddha sAhitya ke sAtha bhagavatIsUtra, uvAsagadasA Adi granthoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki makkhaliko bhadrA nAmaka patnI thii| vaha sundarI aura sukumArI thii| ekabAra vaha garbhiNI huii| zaravaNa prAmameM gobahula nAmaka brAhmaNa rahatA 1. baukhaparva (marAThI) pra0 10, pR0 127 tathA Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana, 2. Agama aura vipiTaka : eka anuzIlana, pR0 5. 74 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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thaa| yaha dhanika tathA RgvedAdika granthoMmeM nipuNa thA / gobahulakI eka gozAlA thii| eka bAra maMkkhali bhikSArthaM hAthameM citrapaTa lekara garbhavatI bhadrA ke sAtha grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karatA huA zaravaNa saniveza meM AyA / usane gobahulakI gozAlA meM apanA samAna rakhA aura bhikSArtha grAma meM calA gyaa| usane grAma meM nivAsa yogya sthAnakI khoja kI, para use koI upayukta sthAna nahIM milA 1 phalataH usane gozAlA ke eka bhAga meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karanekA nizcaya kiyA | nau mAsa sAr3he sAta dina vyatIta honepara maMkkhalikI patnI bhadrAne eka sundara aura sukumAra bAlakako janma diyaa| bArahaveM dina mAtA-pitAne gozAlAmeM janma lene ke kAraNa zizukA nAma gozAlaka rakhA / kramazaH gozAlaka bar3A huA aura zikSA prAptakara pratibhAsampanna banA / gozAlakane bhI svataMtra rUpa se citrapaTa hAthameM lekara apanI AjIvikA sampAdita karanA Arambha kiyA / gozAlaka tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samparka meM bhI AyA aura pRthak sampradAya kI sthApanAko kAmanA se alaga ho gayA | gocAlakako aSTatigitA parijJAna yA vataH vaha janatAko lAbhaalAbha, sukha-duHkha aura jIvana-maraNake viSayameM uttara detA thaa| isa aSTAMganimittajJAnake balapara hI usane apaneko jina kevalI, sarvajJa Adike rUpameM ghoSita kiyA thA / gozAlaka dvArA pravartita siddhAnta niyativAda hai / isa siddhAntakA abhiprAya yaha hai - " apavitratA ke liye koI kAraNa nahIM hotA, kAraNake binA hI prANI apavitra hote haiM / prANIko zaddhike liye bhI koI hetu nahIM hotA, koI kAraNa nahIM hotA / hetuke binA, kAraNake binA prANI zuddha hote haiM | apane sAmarthya se kucha nahIM hotA aura na dusareke sAmarthya se kucha hotA hai / puruSArthase bhI kucha nahIM hotA hai| kisImeM bala nahIM, vIrya nahIM, puruSazakti nahIM aura puruSaparAkrama bhI nahIM hai| sarvasatva, sarvaprANI, sarvabhUta, sarvajIva to avaza, durbala aura nidarya hai / ve niyati (bhAgya) - saMgati evaM svabhAva ke kAraNa pariNata hote haiM aura sukha-duHkhakA upabhoga karate haiM " I niyativAdake uparyukta vizleSaNase nimnalikhita tathya prasUta hote haiM (1) puruSArtha aura AtmavizvAsakA abhAva | (2) niyativaza hI kAryoMkA sampAdana | (3) prANI kI puNya aura pApase aliptatA / (4) niyati jaisA karAtI hai. vaisA karaneko preraNA | (5) zuddhi aura azuddhike liye kAraNoMkA abhAva | tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 75

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(6) prANiyoM kI avazatA aura nirvIryatA / (7) sukha-duHkha kI prApti niyatike aghona hai, puruSArthAdhIna nahIM / ucchedabAda- pravartaka : ajita kezakambala kezoMkA banA kambala dhAraNa karaneke kAraNa ye ajita kezakambalo kahalAte the / epha0 ela0 vuDavAlDako dhAraNAke anusAra kambala manuSyake kezoMkA hI banA hotA thA / inakI mAnyatA lokAyatika darzana jaisI hI thii| kucha vidvAnoMkA yaha bhI mata hai ki nAstika darzanake Adipravarttaka yahI the / bRhaspatine inake abhimatoMko hI vikasita rUpa diyA hai / ucchedavAdakA artha yaha hai ki dAna, yajJa aura havana Adi kucha bhI tathya nahIM / acche yA bure karmoMkA phala aura pariNAma nahIM hotA hai / ihaloka-paraloka, mAtA-pitA, svarga-naraka Adi kucha bhI nahIM hai / ihaloka aura paralokakA acchA jJAna prAptakara use dUsaroMko denevAle dArzanika aura yogyamArgapara calanevAle zramaNa-brAhmaNa isa saMsArameM nahIM hai | manuSya cAra bhUtoMkA banA huA hai / jaba vaha maratA hai, taba usameM samAhita pRthvIdhAtu pRthvImeM, ApodhAtu jalameM, tejAMdhAtu tejameM aura vAyuSA vAyumeM jA milate haiM tathA indriyAM AkAzameM calo jAtI haiN| bhUta vyaktiko arthIpara rakhakara cAra puruSa zmazAnameM le jAte haiN| usake guNa-abaguNoMkI carcA hotI hai, usakI asthiyA~ zveta ho jAtI haiM, use do jAnevAlI AhutiyAM smarUpa vana jAtI haiN|taa murkha vyaktiyoMne khar3A kiyA hai, jo koI AstikavAda batalAte haiM, unakA vaha kathana bilakula mithyA aura vRthA hai| zarIrake nAzake pazcAt vidvAnoM aura mUrkhokA uccheda hotA hai / ve naSTa ho jAte haiM / mRtyuke anantara unakA kucha bhI zeSa nahIM rahatA / isa prakAra ajita kezakambalane ucchedavAdakA pravartanakara paraloka, AtmA aura puNya pApakA niSedha kiyA hai| isa siddhAntameM nimnalikhita tathya samAhita haiM: (1) pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu ina cAra bhUtoMkA astitva / (2) pratyakSadRSTigocara padArtha hI sarvasva hai, parokSapadArthoMkA astitva siddha nahIM, ataeva unakA asvIkaraNa ! (3) zarIra ke sAtha hI AtmAkA bhI uccheda | (4) puNya aura pApa vAstavika nahIM, kalpita / 1. The book of graducl Sayings Volum 1 Page 265. 3. Barua. O. P. Cit., Page 288. 76 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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(5) AtmA aura punarjanmakA abhaav| (6) zarIrAtirikta anya koI tatva nahIM, phalataH zarIrameM hI Atma-kalpanA / (7) zubha aura zuddha pravRttiyoMkA sarvathA abhAva / anyonyavAva-pravartaka : prakaddha kAtyAyana ye zItodakaparihArI the aura uSNodakako grAhya mAnate the / pakruddha vRkSake nIce paidA honeke kAraNa ye pakruddha yA prakruddha kAtyAyana kahalAye / praznopaniSadbha inheM RSi pippalAdikA samakAlIna aura brAhmaNa batalAyA gayA hai / yadyapi vahA~ inakA nAma kabandhI kAtyAyana batAyA gayA hai, para kabandhI aura prakruddha eka hI zArIrika doSake vAcaka hai| bauddha TIkAkAroMne inheM pakruddhagotrI honese pakruddha mAnA hai| buddhaghoSane prakaddha unakA vyaktigata nAma aura kAtyAyana inakA gotra nAma kahA hai| DaoN0 phIyara inheM kadha kahanekI bhI rAya dete haiN| inhoMne anyonyavAdI siddhAntakA pravartana kiyA hai| batAyA hai ki sAta padArtha kisIke kiye, karavAye, banAye yA banavAye hue nahIM haiM / ye kUTastha aura acala haiM / na ye hilate haiM aura na parivartita hote haiN| eka dUsareko ye nahIM satAte / eka dUsareko sukha-duHkha utpanna karane meM ye asamartha haiM / pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu, sukhaduHkha evaM jIva ye sAta padArtha haiN| inheM naSTa karanevAlA koI nahIM hai| tIkSaNa astrase bhI koI kisIkA sira nahIM kATa sakatA aura na koI kisIkA prANa le sakatA hai 1 astra mAranekA kevala artha hai ki sAta padArthoke bIcake avakAzameM astrakA praviSTa honaa| isa prakAra prakuddha kAtyAyanane nitya aura kUTastha sAta padArthoMkA astitva svIkAra kiyA aura janatAko ukta sAtoMpadArthoMke sammilanase sustra evaM vichohase duHkha prAptikA sandeza diyaa| vikSepavAda-pravattaka : saMjaya belaSTiputra saMjaya belaTThiputra nAma vaisA hI pratIta hotA hai, jaisA makkhali gozAlaka / usa yugameM aise nAmoMkI paramparA pracalita thI, jo mAtA yA pitAke nAmase sambaddha hotI thii| AcArya buddhatroSane inheM belaTikA putra mAnA hai / kucha vidvAn sAriputra aura maudgalAyanake pUrva AcArya saMjaya paritrAjakako hI saMjaya velaTThiputra mAnate haiN| para yaha kalpanA yathArtha nahIM haiN| yadi aisA hotA to bauddha-piTakoMmeM spaSTa ullekha bhI milatA, para bauddha-piTaka itanA hI kahakara virAma lete haiM ki sAriputra aura maudgalAyana apane guru saMjaya parivAjakako chor3akara buddhake dharma tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 77

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saMghameM Aye / parivAjaka zabda bhI yaha saMketa karatA hai ki saMjaya vaidika saMskRtise sambaddha the| saMjayane vikSepavAdakA pravartana kiyA hai| inake siddhAntameM paraloka AdikA astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| paraloka, karmaphala, mRtyu, punarjanma, AtmA Adike sambandhameM inakI koI nizivata dhAraNA nahIM hai| gautama buddhane samAjotthAna aura cAra Arya-satyoMkA upadeza dekara janatAko sAntvanA dene kA prayAsa kiyA, para ekAnta kSaNikavAdakA pracAra karane ke kAraNa satyakA Aloka upasthita na ho skaa| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthakI zramaNa-paramparAse prabhAvita uparyukta cintakoMne bhI samAjameM krAnti lAnekI ceSTA kI, para ve saphala na ho paaye| eka hI matameM hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka anuyAyI vidyamAna the / AjovikoMmeM aise do pakSa the / pUrNakAzyapa jIva-hiMsAmeM puNya-pApa nahIM mAnate the / prakruddhakI bhI yahI sthiti thI | ajita kezakambalI vaidika kriyAkANDoMkA virodha avazya karate the, parantu hiMsAko ucita mAnate the / ina vicArakoMmeM itanA naitika bala nahIM thA ki ye janatAko mAMsa-madirAkI lipsAse bacA skeN| usa samaya hasti tApasa jaise tapasvI bhI vidyamAna the; jo varSa meM eka bar3e hAthIko mArakara AjIvikA calAte the aura samasta prANiyoMke prati anukampA buddhi rakhate the| ahiMsAko dhArA kSINa ho rahI thI aura indriyanigrahakI carcA to dUra hI thii| brAhmaNa-paramparA vaidika mAnyatAoMkI rakSAke liye kriyAzIla thI / isameM bhI do dhArAeM parilakSita ho rahI thiiN| eka dhArAke anuyAyI praznopaniSadke adhiSThAtA pippalAdi, muNDakopaniSadke racayitA bhAradvAja aura kaThopaniSadke pracAraka naciketA the / ina RSiyoMne vaidika karmakANDa meM sudhAra kara zAna-yajJa, ahiMsA aura sadAcArakA pracAra kiyA thA / dUsarI paramparA hiMsApUrNa yajJAdi ucca karanemeM saMlagna thii| zUdra aura striyA~ manuSyakoTima parigaNita nahIM thI / inake sAtha abhijAtyavargakI ahaMvAdI pravRttine nAnAprakArake atyAcAra karanA AraMbha kiye the| manuSyako vAsanA khula-svelakara sAmane AtI thI aura bhoga-vilAsako pravRtti nirantara bar3ha rahI thii| niHsandeha vaidika kriyAkANDake pracArane dharmatattvakI AtmAko zuSka banA diyA thA / anAtmavAda aura karmakANDake sArvabhaumika rAjyane mAnavako ADambarameM phaMsA diyA thA aura usakI antarAtmA prakAzake liye becaina thii| AdhyAtmika jIvanakA gaurava vismRta ho gayA thA aura bhautikatAkA mahattva 78 :: tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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bar3ha rahA thA / kucha vyakti haThayogakI sAdhanAyeM Atma-zAnti ke svapna dekhate the / rAjA mahIpAla haThayogake vizeSa upAsaka the / Rddhi aura siddhiyA~ prApta karaneke liye vividha prakArake kAya- kleza sahana kiye jAte the / janatAke samakSa naye vicAra aura naye siddhAnta prastuta ho rahe the, para kahIM bhI prakAzakI kiraNa dikhalAyI nahIM par3atI thii| phalataH sarvatra dhArmika azAnti parilakSita ho rahI thI aura cAroM orase yaha dhvani ho rahI thI ki kisI aise dhArmika netAkI AvazyakatA hai, jo isa vizRMkhalita samAjako sugaThita aura zrRMkhalita kara nayA mArga pradarzita kara sake / saMsAra meM vyApta tRSNA, anIti, hiMsA, dharmAndhatA evaM jAtimadake viSako dUra karane ke hetu eka aise puruSakI AvazyakatA thI, jo ahiMsA, satya aura aparigrahake sAtha anekAntamayI dRSTike Alokase logoM ke hRdayAndhakArako chinna kara sake / pratyeka yuga meM jaba adharmAcaraNa bar3ha jAtA hai, to koI aisI vilakSaNa zakti prAdurbhUta hotI hai, jo TUTatI huI mAnavatAko jor3anekA kArya karatI hai| isa zatAbdIne bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako krAntidraSTA ke rUpameM upasthita kara mAnavatA ke prANakI zaMkhadhvani kI / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 79

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caturtha pariccheda tIrthakara mahAvIrakI janmabhUmi, janma aura kizorAvasthA gaNataMtra vaizAlI: I0 pUrva chaThI zatAbdImeM vaizAlI atyanta samRddha suvyavasthita aura pratiSThita gaNataMtra thaa| usa samaya madhya himAlayase lekara gaMgAnadI takakA pradeza choTechoTe gaNataMtroMmeM vibhakta thA aura inameM se adhikAMza rAjyoMmeM ikSvAkuvaMzake logoMkA prAdhAnya thaa| kozalameM bahuta pahalese ikSvAkuvaMza calA A rahA thA aura yahA~se isa vaMzako zAkhAeM vaizAlI aura mithilAmeM jaba gaNataMtroMkI sthApanA huI, taba isa vaMzake logoMke rUpameM kaI rAjyoMmeM pahuMca cukI thiiN| vaizAlIke licchavi, kuzInagarake malla, pippalIvanake morIya, kapilavastuke zAkya aura rAmagAMvake koliya ikSvAkuvaMzI the| jitane gaNataMtra sthApita hue unameM vRjisaMgha sabase adhika balazAlI aura pratiSThita thaa| ise bajjIsaMgha bhI kahA jAtA thaa| isakI sthApanA videhake -80

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rAjataMtrake samApta honepara huI thii| isameM videha, licchavi, zAtaka, vRji, ugra, bhoga, kaurava aura ikSvAku ye ATha kula sammilita the | videhoMkI prAcIna rAjapAnI mithilA thI aura yaha vaizAlIke gaNataMtrameM samAhita ho gayI thii| vRjirASTravAsiyoMmeM licchavi sabase prazasta the / ye vAziSTha gotrake the / isI kAraNa vAziSTha bhI kahe jAte the / inakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI thii| vRji bhI ATha kuloM se eka thaa| saMghakA nAma isI kulake nAmapara vRjisaMgha par3A thaa| licchaviyoMke samAna vRjiyoMkA bhI vaizAlI nagarI aura isake upanagaroMse ghaniSTha saMbaMdha thA / jAtaka kSatriya kAzyapagotrI the aura inakI rAjadhAnI kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAmameM thii| ise kSatriyakuNDa bhI kahA jAtA thA / yaha vaizAlIkA upanagara thA / ugroMkA saMbaMdha vaMzAlI aura hastigrAmase thA | bhoga bhoganagarameM rahate the| yaha nagara vaizAlI aura pAvAke bIcameM sthita thaa| kauravoMkA jisaMghase saMbaMdha thaa| bauddhadharmaka udayake bahuta pahalese kuru brAhmaNa videhakI rAjadhAnImeM basane lage the| izcAkUoMkA vaizAlIse atyanta prAcIna sambandha thA; kyoMki vizAlase lekara sumati taka samasta rAjA ikSvAkuvaMzI the| vRjisaMghake sadasya 'rAjA' (gaNapati) kahalAte the| sAta hajAra sAtaso sAta rAjA the| itane hI uparAja (adhyakSa), itane hI senApati aura itane hI bhANDAgArika the / sadasyoMmeM ucca, madhya, vRddha aura jyeSThakA bhedabhAva nahIM thaa| pratyeka sadasya apaneko rAjA mAnatA thA / saMsthAgArameM sadasyoMkI baiThakeM huA karatI thiiN| makhya kArya aSTakUloM aura nI licchavi gaNarAjAoMke dvArA sampanna hote the / nau licchaviyoM, nau mallaki isa prakAra aThAraha kAzIkozalake gaNarAjAoMne milakara eka saMgha banAyA thA / vRjisaMgha apanI viziSTa nyAyapraNAlI ke liye prasiddha thaa| paramparAse calA AyA 'vajidharma' yaha thA ki bajjike zAsaka yaha 'cora hai', 'aparAdhI hai' na kaha kara vyaktiko vinizcaya mahAmAtyake hAthameM sauMpa dete the| vaha vicAra karatA, aparAdhI na honepara chor3a detA aura aparAdhI siddha honepara vaha use vyAvahArika (nyAyAdhyakSa) ko de detaa| vaha bhI aparAdhI jAnanepara sUtradhArako de detA, sUtradhAra niraparAdha honepara chor3a detA aura aparAdhI honepara aSTakulikako supurda kara detA / aSTakulika senApatiko, senApatti uparAjako aura uparAja rAjAko de detaa| rAjA vicArakara yadi aparAdhI na ho, to use chor3a detA aura aparAdhI honepara 'praveNi-pustaka' (daNDavidhAna) ke anusAra daNDa-vyavasthA karatA thaa| isa prakAra vaizAlI-gaNataMtrakI rAjya-vyavasthA atyanta dRr3ha aura vyavasthita po| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 81

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dezAlI nagaro cahAradIvArIse ghirI huI thI / yahA~ tIna prakArako dIvAle thoM aura pratyeka dovAla eka dUsarIse eka gavyati (eka kosa) para sthita thii| tInoM sthAnoMpara dvAra the, jo gopuroM aura aTTAlikAoMse yukta the / vaizAlIke tIna bhAga the / prathama bhAgameM svarNake gopuroMse yukta sAta hajAra bhavana, madhya bhAgameM rajatake gopuroMse yukta caudaha hajAra bhavana aura antima bhAgameM tAmrake gopUroMse yukta iksIsa hajAra bhavana the| inameM ucca, madhyama aura nimnavargIka vyakti apane-apane padoMke anusAra nivAsa karate the | vaizAlIke nivAsiyoMne yaha niyama banA rakhA thA ki prathama bhAgameM janmI kanyAkA vivAha prathama bhAgameM hI hogA, dvitIya yA tRtIya bhAgameM nahIM / nadhya bhAgameM janmI kanyAkA vivAha prathama aura dvitIya bhAgoMmeM hogA aura antima bhAgamaM janmI kanyAkA tInoMmeMse kisI bhI bhAgameM vivAha kiyA jA sakatA thaa| vaizAlIkA yaha saMvidhAna thA ki vezAlomeM janmI kanyAkA vivAha kisI dUsare sthAnameM nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ce tInoM bhAga vaizAlI, kuNDapura aura vaNiyagAma (vANijyagrAma) rahe hoMge, jo sampUrNa nagarake dakSiNa-pUrvI, uttara-pUrvI aura pazcimI aMzoMmeM vyApta the / kuNDapurake anantara uttara-pUrvI dizAmeM kollAga-sanniveza thA, jisameM jJAtakulake kSatriya nivAsa karate the| vaizAlIko samRddhi aura paramparAke adhyayanase jJAta hotA hai ki vaizAlI kuNDagrAma aura vANijyagrAmameM brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vazya nivAsa karate hoMge / nizcayataH una dinoMmeM vaizAlI bahuta ho samRddha aura suvyavasthita nagarI thI / isameM sAta hajAra sAta sau satahattara prAsAda, itane hI kaTAgAra, ArAma aura puSkariNiyA~ thoN| yaha nagarI apanI ramaNIyatA, vitAnapukka A~gana, dvAra, toraNa, gavAkSa aura hose samalaMkRta evaM puSpavATikAoM aura kUsUmita vanoMse yukta thI / vaizAlomeM sabhI prakArakI phasaleM utpanna hotI thiiN| vahA~ ke nivAsI zAMti aura saMtoSakA jIvana vyatIta karate the / rASTra dhana-sampanna aura devapura-jaisA ramya thaa| upanagara : kuNDagrAma vaizAlIkA kuNDagrAma yA kSatriyakuNDa bahuta hI prasiddha aura ramaNIka thA |yh kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAma do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta thA-kSatriyakuNDa aura brAhmaNakuNDa / kSatriyakuNDasanniveza brAhmaNa-kuNDapurasannivezase uttara sthita thaa|ksstriykunnddgraammeN jJAtRvaMzI kSatriyoMkA nivAsa thaa| batAyA jAtA hai ki gaMDakI nadIke pazcima taTapara ye donoM hI kuNDapura sthita the aura eka-dUsareke pUrva-pazcima par3ate the| kuNDapurakA varNana mahAkavi asagane apane 'varddhamAnadharita' meM kiyA hai| yaha nagara sabhI prakArako vastuoMse yukta parakoTA, khAtikA, pApikA evaM vATikAyoM82 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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1 se paripUrNa thaa| koTake prAnta bhAgoMmeM lagI huIM aruNamaNiyA~, pannAoMkI prabhA chAyAmaya paTaloMse paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa saMdhyAkAlIna zrIkA sRjana karatI thiiN| bhUmipara jaTita indranIlamaNiyA~ apanI AmAse bhramaroMkI bhrAMti utpanna karatI thIM / unnata bhavana aura ratnajaTita gopura apane saundaryase pathikoM ke manako AkRSTa karate the / muktAoMkI AbhAke kAraNa isa nagara meM zveta kiraNoMkA vitAna tanA rahatA thaa| dhana-dhAnya, pazu sampatti Adile yukta yaha nagara prajA'janoM ko atyaMta sukhaprada thA' | AcArya jinasena prathamane bhI videhadezake antargata kuNDapurakA yathArtha citraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki yaha aisA sundara nagara hai jo indrake netroMkI paMktirUpa kamaliniyoM ke samUha se suzobhita hai tathA sukharUpI jalakA kuNDa hai / yahA~ zaMkhake samAna zveta evaM zarad Rtuke meghake samAna unnata bhavanoM ke samUha se zveta huA AkAza atyanta suzobhita hotA hai / bhavanoke agrabhAgameM lagI huI candrakAntamaNikI zilAeM rAtrike samaya candramArUpI patike karasparza se svedayukta striyoMke samAna dravIbhUta ho jAtI haiM / bhavanoMke agrabhAga meM jaTita sUryakAntamaNiyA~ atyanta dedIpyamAna hai| bhavanoM ke zikharapara jaTita padmarAgamaNiyoM sUrya kI kiraNoMke saMsargase atyanta anurakta aGganAkI taraha dikhalAyI par3atI haiN| isa nagara meM kahIM motiyoMkI mAlAeM laTaka rahI haiM, kahIM marakatamaNikA prakAza vyApta ho rahA hai, kahIM hIrakaprabhA phaila rahI hai, to kahIM baMDUryamaNiyoMko naulI - nIlI AbhA chiTaka rahI hai / yaha nagarI koTarUpI parvatoMke bar3ebar3e dhUli kuTTima aura parikhAse veSTita hai / isa nagarIkA atikramaNa karanemeM 1. tatrAstyayo nikhila vastvava gAyuktaM bhAsvatkalAdhara budha: sabuSaM sattAraM adhyAsitaM viyadiva svasamAnazobhaM khyAtaM puraM jagati kuMDapurAbhidhAnaM !! prAkArako TighaTitAruNaratnabhAsa chAyAmayaiH parigatA paTalaiH samaMtAt / AbhAti vAriparikhA nitarAmanekA saMdhyAmiyaM vidadhatIya divApi yatra // dhauteMndranIlamaNi kalpita kuTTimeSu yopahAraracitAnyasitotpalAni / ekIkRtAnyapi salIlatayA prayati vyakti patadbhramara huMkRtibhiH samaMtAt // jaitreyavaH sumanaso makaradhvajasya nistejitAM bujaruSo zazalakSmabhAsaH | aprAvRSoH navapayodhara kAMtiyuktA yasminvibhAntya saritaH sarasA ramapyaH // atyunnatAH zazikaraprakarAvadAtA mUrdhasvaratnahamipallavitAMta rikSAH / utsaMgadezasuniviSTamanojJarAmAH paurA vibhAti sudhi yatra sudhAlayAzca / / lIlAmahotpalamapAsya karAgrasaMsthaM karNotpalana vigalammanu yatra lUMgAH / nizvAsasaurabharatA vadane patanti strINAM mRdumRdukarAhatimIpsavazca // - mahAkavi alaga viracita varSamAnacarita, sarga 17, padma 7-12. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 83

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zatru sadA asamartha rahate haiM / dhAnya, godhana evaM anya AvazyakatAkI sabhI vastue~ isa kuNDapura meM samaveta haiM / yahA~ ke nivAsI ikSvAkuvaMzI kSatriya, prajAke saMrakSaNa aura abhyudayameM nirantara tatpara haiM / nagarakA AyAma kaI mIla vistRta hai / paMktibaddha madana, kamalayukta sarovara evaM vibhinna prakArako kamalaniyoMse yukta puSkariNiyA~ apane saundaryase jana-mAnasako AkRSTa karatI haiM / yaha kuNDapura vartamAna meM basAr3ha yA bAsukuNDake nAmase prasiddha hai / isa nagara ke zAsanapramukha rAjA sarvArthaM ora rAnI zrImatIse utpanna mahArAja siddhArthaM the / siddhArthako kSatriyakuNDagrAmakA pramukha zAsaka mAnA gayA hai| inakI rAjyavyavasthA meM itihAsakA kaluSita pRSTha ujjvala ho uThA thA / vaizAlI kRtArtha ho gayI vaizAlI - gaNataMtra una dinoMmeM sarvAdhika zaktizAlI aura lokapriya thI / vaizAlIke adhinAyaka mahArAja ceTaka the / inheM kAzI- kozala ke nau licchaviyoM aura nau malla rAjAoMkA bhI adhika sAtha eka hai | siMha athavA siMhabhadra thA, jo vajjigaNakA praghAna senApati thaa| ceTaka nirgranya zramaNakA upAsaka thA / isakI sAta kanyAeM thIM, jinameM prabhAvatIkA vivAha vItimayake rAjA udrAyaNake sAtha huA thA / padmAvatIkA kauzAmbIke nareza zatAnIkake sAtha, zivAkA ujjayinIke rAjA pradyotake sAtha, trizalAkA vaizAlIke upanagara kuNDapurake rAjA siddhArtha ke sAtha, celanAkA rAjagRhake rAjA zreNikake 1. tatrAkhaNDalanetrAlopacinIkhaNDamaNDanam I sukhAmbhaH kuNDamAbhAti nAmnA kuNDapUraM puram // yana prAsAdasaGghAtaH zaGkhazubhrairnabhastalam / pavalIkRtamAmAti zarammevairivonnataH / candrakAntakarasparzAcandrakAnta zilAH nizi / dravanti yadgRhAmeSu pravedinya iva striyaH || sUryakAntakarAsaGgAt sUryakAntAnakoTayaH / sphuranti yatra geheSu viraktA iva yoSitaH // padmarAgamaNisphItiryatra prAsAdamUrdhani / inadapariSvaGgavaGgamevAtirajyate muktAmarakatAchoyaMjanaMdUryavibhramaH " 1 ekamevaM sadA ghase matsamastAkarazriyam // zAlalamahAvaThaparikhAparimeSiNaH / yasyopari paraM mitreta ramaNDalam // - harivaMzapurANa, 25-11. 84 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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sAtha evaM chaThI kanyA sujyeSThAkA vivAha avantinareza caNDapradyotake sAtha huA thaa| sAtavIM kanyA candanA avivAhita raha gayI thI, jisane dIkSA grahaNa kii| ceTaka ke prabhAvakArI vyaktitvake kAraNa anya dezoMke nareza bhI unakA sammAna karate the| campAke rAjA dadhivAhana, kaliMganareza jitazatru, zrAvastInareza prasenajita, mathurAke rAjA uditodaya, hemAMgadanareza jIvaMcara, podanapuranareza vidrarAja, polApuranareza vijayasena, pAMcAlanareza jaya evaM hastinApuranareza ceTakake mitra rAjAoMmeM parigaNita the / mahArAja ceTakake ina saMbaMdhoMke kAraNa vaizAloko pratiSThA avika bar3ha gayI thI aura vaizAlIke upanagara kuNDapurameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA janma honese vaizAlIko bhUmi kRtArtha ho gayI / vahA~kA aNu-aNu pAvana ho pApa aura anAcArake bojhako dUra karaneke liye kRtasaMkalpa thA / vaizAlIko prajA sukhI aura samRddha to thI hI, yahAM na koI zoSaNakarttA thA aura na koI zoSaka ho thA / sabhI eka- dUsarepara vizvAsa aura prema rakhate the| saralatA, ziSTatA, nizchalatA, sAdagI aura satyakA pUrNa sAmrAjya thA / tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI paramparAne lokamAnasako janoddhArake liye kRtasaMkalpa kara diyA thaa| prAcIkI bhauti vaizAlIko pratyeka dizA jyotisaMtI ho rahI thI / mahArAja ceTaka apanI kanyA trizalAkA pANigrahaNa siddhArthake sAtha sampanna kara sukha aura zAMtikI sA~sa le rahe the / trizalA svabhAvase komala, | vANIse mRdu aura hRdayase udAra thI / usake vyaktitvako madhura chApa pratyeka vyaktike aMtastalapara par3atI thii| jo bhI use dekhatA sahaja hI usakA bhakta bana jAtA / priya aura madhura vacana bolaneke kAraNa tathA choTe-bar3e sabhIke prati priya vyavahAra karane ke kAraNa usakA apara nAma priyakAriNI bhI thA / priya karanA aura priya bolanA trizalAkA sahaja saMskAra thA / AcArya jinasenane priyakAriNI yA trizalAke guNoMkA citraNa karate hue use sneha-payasvitI kahA hai / apane udAtta guNoMke kAraNa trizalAne mahArAja siddhArthake manako vazIbhUta kara liyA thA / kuNDapurake naisargika saundarya meM priyakAriNI kI sattAne kaI gunI vRddhi kara dI thii| dharmavatsala mahArAja siddhArthaM trizalAko prAptakara bar3abhAgI bana gaye the / baizAlIkA 1. ucca kulAdisambhUtA sahajasnehavAhinI / mahitI zrI samudrasya tasyAsIt priyakAriNI // taTakarAjasya yAstAH saptazarIrajAH / sisnehAkulaM bastAsvAdyA priyakAriNI // - harivaMza purANa 2016-17. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 85

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gaNataMtra vizvakA dharmanAyaka banane ke liye prayalazIla thaa| mahArAja siddhArtha zAtRvaMzake vaibhava mahAvIrake janmakI agavAnI kara rahe the / sArA kuNDapura sahaja umaMga aura ullAsakA anubhava kara rahA thA | nagarako pratyeka Dagara AnandameM DUbI huI thI aura aisA pratIta ho rahA thA ki koI nidhi yahAM uddhRta honevAlo hai| sUkhe dharatIke A~sna ____ ajJAnavAda, anizcitavAda, niryAtavAda, gautikavAda, akriyAvAda, yajJavAda evaM kriyAkANDavAdane samAjameM nirAzA jAnna kara dI thii| phalataH samAjavikRtike kAraNa dharatIke netroMse bhI A~sU jhara-jhara kara girate the / jaba-jaba dharatIpara pApa aura atyAcAra bar3he, mahAn AtmAoMne janma grahaNa kiyaa| sabhIne apane-apane daMgase mAnava-samAjako rAha dikhAyI, saMsArake duHkhoMko dUra karanekA saMkalpa liyA, vaizAlIkI dharatI aura AMgana mahAvIrake AvirbhAvakI pratIkSAmeM A~sU bahA rahA thA | dharA para cAroM ora andhakAra AcchAdita thaa| vivekakA mArga avarukha thA | phalata: unake AgamanakI pratIkSAmeM dharatI muskurA uThI thii| pRthvIke A~calase zanaiH zanai: sukhakI maNiyA~ lupta hotI jA rahI thI aura duHkhakI kAlI chAyA cAroM aura bar3ha rahI thii| yadyapi dezameM dhana, sampannatA orakhAdyasAmagrIkA abhAva nahIM thA, para dAsa aura sevakoMke sAtha kiye jAnevAle barbaratApUrNa vyavahAra dharatoke hRdayako kacoTa rahe the 1 pApapUrNa vAsanA aura vilAsitAke pracaNDa agni-kuNDameM dI jAnevAlo Ahutise niHsRta dhUma-kAluSyane AkAzako AcchAdita kara liyA thA | strI aura puruSa donoMne hI nIti aura dharmake A~calako chor3a diyA thA aura donoM hI kAmukatAke paMkameM phaMse hue the| AcAra-vicAra, zIla-saMyamakI avahelanAne dharatIka hRdayako matha diyA thaa| logoMkA dhyAna mana-prANa aura AsmAkI dhavalatAse haTakara zarIrapara kendrita ho gayA thaa| loga zarIrako hI sarvasva mAnane lage the| mAMsa-bhakSaNa, madirA-pAna, dyUta-krIr3A Adine dharatIko yaMtraNAkA loka banA diyA thA 1 varNAzramadharmakA artha svArthakI saMkIrNa sImAmeM Abaddha ho gayA thA / zabda evaM cANDAloMkA darzana bhI azubha samajhA jAtA thA aura unakI chAyAkA sparza hote hI snAnako vyavasthA ko jAtI thI / ataeva dharatIkA pulakita honA Arambha huA aura vaizAlI meM jagatvaMdanIya mahAvIrane janma le gharAko dhanya kiyaa| nizcaya hI vaizAlIko dharato kitanI pUjya hai, jisako godameM tIrthakara mahAdorane kor3A kI hai| vaizAlIkA parisara kuNDapura pulakita ho uThA / zata-zata vasanta khila uThe, sadAnIrA Adhunika nArAyaNI gaMDakI)taraMgita ho gayo aura koTi-koTi mAnavoMne 86 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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candana ke samAna usa dharatIkA candana kiyA / zasya zyAmalA dharatIko chaTA anupama ho gayI / vaizAlIkI gaurava gAthAe lokako AkRSTa karane lagIM aura gharAse surabhita ucchvAsa nikalane lagA / sUkhe per3a-paudhe harItimAkI cAdarase AcchAdita ho gaye / nadI-nAloMmeM jala uphAna lene lagA / vRkSoMkI goda phUloMse bhara gayIM aura khetoMmeM anAjakI bAloMse lade hue paudhe jhUmane lage / pakSiyoMkA kaMTha khula gayA, janajanake hRdayakA ullAsa phUTa par3A, dharatI aura dharatI ke loga usa divya jyotike Agamana kI prasannatAmeM svarga aura svargake devatAoMse spardhA karane lage / 1 trizalAkA svapna-darzana tIrthaMkara mahAvIra jaba garbha meM avatarita hue, usa samaya trizalA ke mukhamaNDalapara divya AbhA vicaraNa pAra ho / asake hRdaya divya kAlakA kota pravAhita huA aura unake puNyake zata-zata kamala vikasita hone lage / trizalA - ke aMga-pratyaMga sphurita hone lage aura AnandasUcaka zubha zakuna dikhalAyIM par3ane lage / gharApara hI nahIM, svarga meM bhI indrako mA~ trizalAkI sevAko cintA utpanna huii| usane devAMganAoMko kuNDapura meM preSita kara trizalAko sevAkI vyavasthA kI / indrane kubera dvArA ratna aura dhana-sampattikI vRddhi kara videhadezako samRddha banAyA | mahArAja siddhArthaM viveka aura nIti ke mArgapara calate tathA sabhI prakArase prajAkA maMgala aura kalyANa karanemeM tatpara rahate / garbhAdhAna se chaH mahIne pahale hI mahArAja siddhArthake yahA~ dhana-dhAnyakI vRddhi hone lagI / sugaMdhita jalavRSTi, phala-puSpoMkI vRddhi evaM svarNa-ratna bhaNDArakI samRddhi hone lagI / acyuta svargase cyuta ho tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA jIva 17 jUna I0 pU0 599 zukravAra ke dina ASAr3ha zukla poko trizalAke garbha meM praviSTa huaa| priyakAriNI trizalA apane rAjabhavanameM nidrAlIna thii| rAtrike pichale praharameM unakI palakoMpara eka suhAvanI svapna paMkti utaratI dikhalAyI pdd'ii| hastottara ASADhazuklA SaSThIkI rAtrikA antima prahara saMsArake liye vibhUtike udayakA nimitta banA / trizalAne dekhA ki usake sAmane madase jhUmatA huA unnata gaja usake udarameM praviSTa ho rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM usane bhaviSyasUcaka solaha svapnoMkA darzana kiyaa| svapna-darzanase hI use apUrva Ananda prApta ho rahA thA / usake hRdayameM harSa kI lahareM utpanna ho rahI thIM aura mana-mayUra nRtya kara rahA thA / solaha svapna nimna likhita haiM '-- sIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 87

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1. cAra dAMtoM vAlA unnata gaja, 2. daveta varNakA unnata skaMdhavAlA vRSabha, 3. uchalatA huA siMha, 4. kamalasiMhAsanapara sthita lakSmI, 5. sugandhita bhavya mandArapuSpoMkI do mAlAeM, 6. nakSatroM se pariveSThita candra, 7. udayAcalara aMgar3Ai bharatA huA sUrya, 8. svaccha jala paripUrita do svarNakalaza, 9. jalAzaya meM krIr3Arata matsyadvaya, 10. svaccha jalase bharapUra jalAzaya, 11. gambhIra ghoSa karatA huA sAgara, 12. maNijaTita sihAsana, 13. ratnoMse prakAzita deva - vimAna, 14. dharaNendrakA gaganacumbI vizAlabhavana --- nAga- vimAna, 15. ratnoMkI vizAlarAzi, 16. nirdhUma agni svapna belAke samaya hasta nakSatra thA, jo maMgala aura vibhUtikA pratIka hai / svapnadarzana ke anantara trizalAkI nidrA bhaMga huI aura vaha socane lagI- Aja kabhI bhI isa prakArake svapna dikhalAyI hI nahIM pdd'e| kyA kAraNa hai ki Aja taka mere manameM harSa aura ullAsa itanA adhika bar3ha rahA hai ? jisa bAtakI kalpanA maiMne kabhI jAgRta avasthA meM nahIM kI, vaha svapna meM kyoM AI ? kambaddha prANI kI kriyAeM bhUta aura bhAvI jIvanako sUcanA detI haiN| svapnakA aMtaraMga kAraNa jJAnAvaraNIya darzanAvaraNIya aura anta rAyake kSayopazamake sAtha mohanIyakA udaya hai| jisa vyakti ke jitanA adhika ina karmokA kSayopazama rahatA hai, usa vyaktike svapnoMkA phala bhI utanA hI adhika satya nikalatA hai| tIvra kamavA vyaktiyoMke svapna nirarthaka evaM sArahIna hote haiM / isakA mukhya kAraNa yahI hai ki suSuptAvasthAmeM bhI AtmA so jAgRta rahatI hai, kevala indriyoM aura manakI zakti vizrAma karaneke liye suSupta sI ho jAtI hai| 3 jisa vyaktike jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoMkA kSayopazama hai, usake kSayopazamajanya indriya aura mana saMbandhI cetanatA aura jJAnAvasthA adhika rahatI hai / ataeva jJAnakI mAtrAko ujjvalatAse nidrita avasthAmeM jo kucha dikhalAyI par3atA hai usakA sambandha hamAre bhUta, vartamAna aura bhAyI jIvanase hai| paurANika aneka 88 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI mAcArya-paramparA

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AkhyAnoMse bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki svapna mAnavako usake bhAvI jIvanameM ghaTita honevAlI ghaTanAoMkI sUcanA dete haiN| mere dvArA dekhe gaye ye svapna sAmAnya nahIM haiM / inase avazya hI bhaviSya kI sUcanAe~ upalabdha hoMgI / trizalA jaise-maile strI kapa vicAra karatI hai, vaise-vaise usakA mAnasika tanAva bar3hatA jAtA hai| usakI cintanadhArA svapnoMkA phala avagata karaneke liye utanI hI adhika prabala hotI jAtI hai / usakI utsukatA bar3hatI jAtI hai aura vaha apane dvArA dekhe gaye svapnoMkA phala jJAta karaneke liye apane pati mahArAja siddhArthake pAsa jAnekA nizcaya karatI hai| nitya karma se nivRta ho trizalA ullAsa aura harSase vibhora hokara vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa karatI hai aura pUrNatayA apaneko sajjita kara rAjasabhAmeM calaneke liye taiyAra ho jAtI hai / rAjasabhAmeM pahu~cane para mahArAja siddhArthaM uThakara unakA svAgata sammAna karate haiM aura arddhAsana de trizalAko yathocita sthAna dete haiN| sabhI sabhAsada uThakara mahArAnIkA jaya-jayakAra karate hue abhinanandana karate haiN| mahArAja siddhArtha ... "devI! Apane itane sabere rAjasabhAmeM AnekA kyoM kaSTa kiyA ? yadi koI AvazyakatA thI, to mujhe hI kyoM nahIM bulA liyA ? maiM ApakA Adeza prApta karate hI antaHpurameM calA AtA / " trizalA - kokilakaMThase kahane lagI- "svAmin! maiMne rAtrike pichale prahara meM solaha svapna dekhe haiM / ina svapnoMkA phala jAnaneke liye merA mana becaina hai| nimittazAstra meM antima praharameM dekhe gaye svapnoMko bhaviSyaphalasUcaka batalAyA gayA hai / meM ina svapnoMkA phala jAnane kI icchA se Apake samakSa upasthita huI haiN| kRpayA mere dekhe gaye solaha svapnoMkA phala batalAie | " | mahArAja siddhArthaM trizalA dvArA batalAye gaye solaha svapnoMko sunakara kahane lage - "devi ! tumhAre garbha se eka mahAna vibhUti janma lenevAlI hai, jisake astitva mAtra se anyAya, hiMsA, asatya, parigraha, saMgharSa, atyAcAra AdikA anta ho jAyegA | trizale ! tuma bar3I bhAgyazAlinI ho ki tumhArI kukSise eka aparAjitA jyoti prAdurbhUta honevAlI hai| yuga AyeMge aura jAyeMge, para tumhAre putrI kIrti - gAthA sarvatra aura sadaiva gU~jato rhegii| vaha devoMke deva aura amaroke bhI zraddhA - pAtra hoNge| unakI caraNa-vandanA ke liye manuSyoMkI to bAta hI kyA indra bhI lAlAyita rheNge| RddhiyA~ aura siddhiyA~ to unake caraNoMpara loTatI rheNgii| vaha loka kalyANake liye apane sukhakA tyAgakara alakha jagAyegA !" tokara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 89

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gaja : tIrthanAyaka gaja svapnazAstrama mahattAkA pratIka hai | isa svapna-darzana dvArA mahAna tIthaMpracAraka honekI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| trizale ! tumhArA bAlaka mahAna hogA, saMtapta vizvakA uddhAraka hogA aura tIrthanAyaka banakara anekAnta-zAsanakA punaruddhAraka aura pracAraka hogaa| garbhastha bAlaka apane udAtta guNoMke kAraNa tIrthakara padako prApta karegA aura isake dvArA ahiMsAkA sArvajanIna pracAra hogA / ahiMsA, abhaya aura samatAke bhAvoMkA prasAra hogA | svapnazAstrake anusAra caturdanta gajako kisI mahAn abhyudayakI prAptikA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai| jo gaja unnata aura puSTa hotA hai, usakA svapnadarzana bhAvI abhyudayakA nimitta samajhA jAtA hai| rAjyalakSmI usake caraNoMkI sevA karatI hai| laukika abhyadaya use ghere rahate haiM, para vaha manuSyajAtike abhyutthAnake liye kRtasaMkalpa rahatA hai / vaha apanI sAdhanAmeM cupacApa bar3hatA jAtA hai aura karuNAkA avatAra banakara jagatkA uddhAraka banatA hai| zveta vRSabha: satyapravartaka jaba svapna meM unnata skaMdha vAle zveta vRSabhakA darzana hotA hai, usa samaya usa svapna-darzana dvArA bhAvI bAlakako satya-dharmakA pracAraka samajhA jAtA hai| nizcayataH yaha svapna pavitra AcaraNasampanna, divyajyotike prAdurbhAvakA sUcaka hai| isa svapna dvArA nirbhIkatA, sahiSNutA aura samatvakI sucanA prApta hotI hai| lokakalyANa satya-dharmameM nihita hai| isa satyakA sAkSAtkAra ugra tapazcaraNa, vAsanAoMse yuddha evaM AsaktiyoMke saMgharSa-vijaya dvArA hotA hai / garbhastha bAlaka mArgabhraSTa janamAnasakosatyake liye prerita kregaa| jagatameM vyApta ajJAnarUpI andhakArako chinnakara zAnti aura kalyANakA sandeza degA / bAlakake janmase deza aura dharA tIrya bana jAyeMgI / yugoM taka vizvakI mRttikA candana banakara mahakatI rahegI / koTi-koTi mAnava usake dvArA pAvana ko gayo miTTI meM loTakara apane tanamanako pavitra banAyeMge / bAlakake tyAga aura tapazcaraNase sukha-saritAe~ taraMgita ho jAyeMgI / zraddhAkI triveNI pravAhita hone lgegii| mRtyuvijetA ho vaha dharatIkI godako akSaya sukha aura zAntiko maNiyoMse bhara degaa| satyakA Aloka prasphuTita ho jAyagA / yaha svapna satyasandha aura dharmaniSTha honekA pratIka hai / bAlaka dharmavizeSakA pratinidhi ho janatAko zAnti aura sukha pradAna kregaa| siMha : ananta UrjAkA ghotaka svapnazAstrameM siMhako bala, pratApa aura pauruSakI vRddhikA pratIka mAnA gayA hai / yuddha-kSetrameM zatruoMko parAsta karane yogya sAmarthyako sUcanA bho isa 90 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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svapnase prApta hotI hai / devi ! tumane svapnameM uchalate hue siMhakA darzana kiyA hai, jisakA phala garbhastha bAlakako atulaparAkramI aura zUra-vIra honA hai / bAlaka apanI apAra UrjAko prAdurbhUta kara karma-zatruoMko naSTa kara Atmajyoti prApta kregaa| usake manameM na koI tanAva hogA, na koI cintA hogI aura na vaha saMsArake pralobhanoMmeM Asakta rahegA / janmase hI vaha AtmavaSTA hogaa| bar3ebar3e samrAT aura indra-dharaNendra usake caraNoMkI vandanA kreNge| zrama, sAdhanA aura tapake mAdhyamase apano ananta kajAkA vikAsa kara paramAtmapada prAsa karegA / bAlakakI UrjA pUrNatayA prasphuTita hogI aura usake adhyAtma-parAkramakI sabhI loga prazaMsA kreNge| magvAra-puSpamAlA : digdiganta yazaHsurabhi-vistAra mandAra-puSpoMkI mAlA utsava, yaza evaM prasiddhiko sUcaka hai| isa svapnadarzana dvArA bAlakake yazasvI hone evaM usake kAntimAna surabhita susphIta zarIrakI sUcanA milatI hai / yaha svapna aneka zubha lakSaNoMkA sUcaka hai / bAlakakA zarIra sugandhita evaM baneka zubha lakSaNoMse yukta hogaa| yaha indriyoMkA nigraha kara saMyama aura samatAkA AcaraNa kregaa| lakSmI : indra-devendroM dvArA vandanIya lakSmI-darzanase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki sumeru parvatapara saudhamaM Adi indroke dvArA bAlakakA janmAbhiSeka sampanna kiyA jAyagA / rAjA-mahArAjAoke sAtha indra, dharaNendrAdi usake caraNoMkI pUjA kareMge / tIrthaMkaraprakRti ke atizaya puNyaprabhAvake kAraNa janmase cha: mahIne pahalese hI kuberAdi dhana-sampattiko vRddhi kreNge| bAlaka atizaya puNyake prabhAvase sabhIkA lokapriya hogA / vaha kevalajJAnAdi lakSmIkA prAptikartA hokara punarjanma, AsmA evaM SadravyoMke mahattvakA pratipAdana karegA / bAlakake saumya darzanase siMha aura gAya ekasAtha nivAsa kareMge / candra : amRta-varSaNa svapnameM candramAkA darzana amRta-varSAkA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai| garbhastha bAlakakI vANIse koTi-koTi mAnavoMke hRdayoMko malinatA dUra hogii| unake amRta-sparzase sarvatra zItalatA vyApta ho jaaygii| dharmAmatake varSapase jagatakA santApa dUra hogA | dharmAmRta prANoMmeM nava zaktikA saMcAra kregaa| nazvarako sthAyitva pradAna kregaa| inake dharmAmRtase saMsArake kleza miTa jAyeMge, malinatAke bAdala chaMTa jAyeMge aura pArasparika pRthakatAoMko dUrI sikur3akara samApta ho jaaygii| dharmake sambandhameM vikRta huI bhAvanAkA anta hogaa| viparIta tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 91

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vyAkhyAeM samApta ho jAyeMgI aura satyakA Aloka prApta hogaa| mahAvIrakI amRta-varSA zItala aura sukhakara hogI / AtmAke vAstavika svarUpakA parimAna prApta hogaa| ahiMsAkA candrodaya jagatake prANiyoMkA patha-pradarzana karegA / saMsAra-samudra meM nimagna prAdhiyoko vaha sahAsa degA, bhANa karamA, zastrA degA, gati degA aura pratiSThA pradAna kregaa| inakA dharmAmRta bhuSitoMkeliye bhojanasadaza, pyAsoMkeliye jalasamAna aura rogiyoM ke liye auSadhasamAna hogaa| inakI vANI amRtakA akSaya koSa hogii| sUrya : vidhyajJAnaprApti sUrya-darzanase bhAvI bAlaka ajJAnarUpI andhakArako naSTa karanevAlA aura sUryake samAna bhAsvara kevalajJAnako prApta karegA / yoM to janmase hI matti, zruta aura avadhijJAnakA dhArI hogA, para vaha apane tyAga, tapazcaraNa dvArA kamakAlimAko bhasmakara kevalajJAna prApta kregaa| pUrNazAnI hI jagatake utthAnakA kArya kara sakatA hai| kevalajJAnako jyotike samakSa aNita dIpaka aura asaMkhya sUrya-candra nisteja ho jAte haiM / bAlakako jagatake anivArya kolAhalake madhya AramAkA saMgIta sunAyI pdd'egaa| unakI zAna-jyoti sarAgatAko samApta kara vItarAgatAkA vikAsa kregii| tAlAboMmeM hI nahIM, pRthvIpara bhI isa divyajJAna-mArtaNDake Alokase kamala vikasita ho jaayeNge| jalapUrNa phalaza : karuNAkA prasAra ___ jalapUrita do svarNa-kalazoMkA darzana garbhastha bAlakake kalyANakArI sundara evaM dhyAnaratta honekA sUcaka hai| yaha svapna karuNAkA pratIka hai / bAlaka karuNAse dravIbhUta ho ahiMsAke mArgakA pracAra karegA / usakA samasta jIvana hiMsAke viruddha saMgharSa karane aura ahiMsAke pracArameM vyatIta hogaa| jisa prakAra bhayase samAkula prANiyoMke liye balavAnakI zaraNa AdhAra hai, usI prakAra vizvaka duHsloMse bhayabhIta prANiyoM ke liye ahiMsA AdhAra hai| ahiMsAkI maMgalamayatAkA udghoSa isa bAlaka dvArA hogA / mana, vacana aura karma dvArA sampUrNa prANiyoMke sAtha mitratAkA bhAva sthApita kara karuNAkI pratiSThA karegA / anukampA, dayA, karuNA, sahAnubhUti aura saMvedanA Adiko ahiMsAke antargata siddha kregaa| matsyayugala : ananta saukhyakI upalabdhi massyayugalako ananta sukhakI upalabdhikA sUcaka batAyA gayA hai / svapnazAstrameM matsya-darzanako bhAvI sukha-samRddhikA pratIka mAnA hai / vyakti pramAdarahita ho apane puruSArthameM aharniza AgarUka rahatA hai aura use abhISTa siddhiyA~ prApta hotI haiM / nissaMdeha yaha bAlaka sarvajanakalyANaka aura sukhI hogaa| 92 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI mAcArya-paramparA

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jalAzaya : saMvedanazIlatA jalAzaya saMvedanazIlatAkA pratIka hai| garbhasya bAlaka mAnava-cetanAkA adhyayana kara saMvedanazIla hogA aura pathabhraSTa mAnavatAko kalyANake pathapara pahuMcAyegA / vaha pazuoMkA gopAla, zUdra aura nAriyoMke AMsuoMko apane hAthoMse poMchanevAlA, sarvadharma samabhAvI aura vizvamaitrIkA pracAraka hogaa| ajJAnatimirako dara haTAkara nava prakAza vikIrNa karegA aura rote hue logoMke A~suoMko pAMchakara unheM godAme baitthaayegaa| dalita aura patita mAnavoMko kaNThase lagAyegA, unheM sahArA degA aura jAti-madake viSako dUra kara amRtameM pariNata karegA | ADambara aura guruDamako dUra kara apanI saMvedanA dvArA zAntikA sandeza degaa| itanA hI nahIM, vaha duHkhI jagasako apanI sahAnubhUti aura saMvedanA dvArA sAMtvanA degaa| sAgara : hRdayako vizAlatA gambhIra ghoSa karate hue samudrakA svapna hRdayakI vizAlatAkA pratIka hai / moghajIvI svArthI paNDitone mAnavatAke adhikArase vaMcita kara janasAmAnyako nirupAya aura niHsahAya banA diyA hai| aise vyaktiyoMko rAhata pahu~cAnA aura unheM khoye hue adhikAroMkI puna: prApti karAnA garbhastha bAlakakA kArya hogA | usake hRdayakI vizAlasA hI hiMsApUrNa kriyA-kANDa, jAtimada, svArthavaza meM ca-nIcatva, AdikA nirasanakara mAnavatAkI yathArtha pratiSThA karegI ! vaha atibhoga aura abhAvagrasta prANiyoMkA viveka jAgata kara unheM mAnava banane ke liye prerita kregaa| maniTita siMhAsana : varcasva aura prabhutva maNijaTita siMhAsana bhAvI bAlakake varcasva aura prabhutyakA pratIka hai vaha antaHsampadA aura akSayanidhi prApta kregaa| usake jIvana meM kattatva aura bhoktRtvakI apratima bhAvasaMjJAeM visarjita ho jaayNgii| prajJAkA dhanI vaha mahAcetA bana apanI cetanAkA UrvIkaraNa kara sthira-prakatAko prApta kregaa| prema, karuNA aura vAtsalyako anansasAmeM vaha samA jAyagA / usake vittakI caMcalasA, cetanAko cinmayatAmeM rUpAntarita ho jaaygii| bAsmAkI gatizIlatA antazcetanAke urvIkaraNakA sRjana karegI / usakA pauruSa jIvanase palAyana nahIM, jIvanako antanihita zaktiyoMkA sphuraNa kregaa| deva-nimAma koti svapnameM deva-vimAnake darzanase yaha sUcita hotA hai ki garbhastha bAlaka svargase bhyupta ho janma grahaNa kregaa| isa bAlakakI kIrti sarvatra vyApta ho jaaygii| usake tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI devAnA : 93

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kAryoko yazogAthAse jana-jana paricita ho AyegA | paramparAgata dhara dhArmika karma kANDa samApta ho jAyeMge / janatAke samakSa rUr3hiyoMkI AlocanA kara dhArmika pratiSThAnake viruddha kAntikA zaMkhanAda karegA | vaha manuSya-manuSyake bIca honevAlI dalAlIko bandakara udAra nItikA pracAra kregaa| jAtiprathA aura karmakANDapara prahArakara apane krAntikArI vicAroM dvArA janamAnasako Alokita kara degaa| vaha jar3a-cetanakA svataMtra astitva pratipAdita kara ekAdhikArakA virodha karegA / vyaktikI svataMtratAkA udghoSakara anekAntAsmaka dRSTikI sthApanA karegA / usakI apanI rAha hogI, apanI karanI hogI aura vaha apane bala-pauruSa dvArA svatantratAkA pracAra karegA / 1 dharaNendra bhavana avadhijJAna : nAgendra bhavana ke avalokanase garbhastha bAlaka avadhijJAnakA dhArI hogA / janmakAlase hI vaha apanI pratibhA dvArA logoMko Azcaryacakita karegA / AtmA aura jJAna jyotiyA~ jagamagA jAyeMgI aura sarvatra prakAza vyApta ho jAyagA / sAre antarvirodha samApta ho jAyeMge | Atmadarzana dvArA vaha jagatako nirAkula banAne kA prayAsa karegA / janmase hI adbhuta rozanI prApta kara vaha vItarAgatA aura anekAntavAdakA amRtavarSaNa karegA / usakA citta bhavasAgara ke taTapara carama zaktikA anveSaNa karegA / usakI sAdhanA ke sammukha sAMsArika sukha akiMcana ho jAyagA | samasta vyavadhAna, amaMgala, kolAhala zAnta ho divya Aloka prastuta kareMge | Atma zuddhikI dizAmeM bar3hatA huA vaha eka nayAM Aloka prApta karegA | dharmAndha janatA viveka prApta kara usakA netRtva svIkAra karegI / rastoMkI vizAlarAzi : anantaguNa svapna meM ratnarAzikA darzana samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritrarUpa ratnatrayakI prAptikA pratIka hai / jIvanakA vAstavika kalyANa ratnatrayase hI hotA hai| isa svapna-darzanakA phala samatA, sahiSNutA Adi lokottara guNoMkI prApti bhI haiN| bAlaka apane samasta AcaraNa aura dinacaryA meM sajaga rahegA / sabhI prakArake saMyama grahaNa karegA / vaha IrSyA, dveSa, ahaMkAra, lobha, moha, chala, kapaTa, ghRNA Adise rahita hogA / na usakA koI zatru hogA, na mitra, vaha sabhIke prati samabhAva rhegaa| AkAzake samAna vyApaka zuddha antaHkaraNa - nirmala hRdaya, kamalapatra ke samAna sarvathA alipsa aura siMhake samAna nirbhaya vizcaraNa karegA / vaha apanA jJAna jana-janako bAMTa kara muktikA patha prazasta karegA / 94 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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nidhUma agni nirvANa garbhastha bAlaka apanI samasta karma -kAlimAko naSTakara nirvANa prApta karegA 1 AtmAkA saccA sukha nirvANa prApti hI hai / isIke liye saMyama tapakI kamase sAdhanA ko jAtI hai / bAlakakA bhaviSya bahuta hI ujjvala haiN| vaha yuddha kara apanI AtmAko zAma mukha-prAptikI ora lagAyegA / bhAratakI mAnasika aura sAMskRtika paMgutAko samAptakara svastha cintanakI vINA vAdita madhur kregaa| loka-jIvana aura lokazAsana pAvanatAkA anubhava karane lagegA | ajJAna, adharma, anyAya aura atyAcAra samApta ho jAyeMge | Atma-svAtantryako bhAvanA dvArA vaha janamAnasa ke manovalakI vRddhi kregaa| AtmA ajJAna, moha aura mithyAtvase mukta ho jAyagI / vizva bandhutva aura vizva maMtrI kI bhAvanAoMkA mAra hogA / bhAvI bAlaka svayaM apanA to uddhAra karegA ho, apane upadezoM dvArA ADambara aura aupacArikatAoMkA bhI anta karegA / saccI ruci, saccI pahacAna aura saccA AcaraNa usake jIvanakA lakSya hogA / isa prakAra viziSTa nimittajJAnI mahArAja siddhArtha dvArA svapnoMke upakarane yukta phalako sunakara trizalA dhanya ho gayI aura apane bhAgyakI sarAhanA lagI / bhAgyazAlI putrakA janma avagatakara usakA mana apAra vAtsalya aura utsAha se bhara gyaa| vaha usa bhAgyazAlI kSaNakI utkaMThApUrvaka pratIkSA karane lagI | mA~ trizalAkA mana honevAle bAlakakI vizeSatAoMko jJAta kara atyanta zAnta huaa| vaha socatI hai- "jisa dina merI kukSise yaha bAlaka janma grahaNa karegA, usa dina mujha jaisI bar3abhAgina kauna hogI ? mA~kI sAdha suyogya santAna prApta karane kI hai| yadi yaha prApta ho jAye, to mAtRtva caritArtha ho jAtA hai / " puNya-camatkAra puNyodamase saMsAra ke samasta vaibhava prApta hote haiN| puNyAtmA ke yahA~ lakSmI dAsI bana jAtI hai, kubera kiMkara ho jAtA hai aura jagatake vaibhava hastAmalaka ho jAte haiN| mahArAja siddhArtha aura mahArAnI trizalA ke puNya- vaibhavakA kahanA hI kyA, jinake yahA~ acyuta svargase cyuta ho tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA jIva putrarUpameM janma grahaNa karanevAlA hai / sArA upanagara harSa ullAsa aura umaMga se anusyUta hai / siddhArthakA ghara-AMgana deva-devAMganAoMkA krIDAsthala banA huA hai / mahAvIrakA garbhakalyANaka sampAdana karaneke liye manuSyoMko to bAta hI , kyA, caturnikAyake deva bhI Atura haiM / vaizAlIke samasta nagaroM aura upanagaroM kI 1 kRSi - sampatti bar3ha rahI hai| godhana, azvaghana aura gajadhanakI vRddhi ho tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 25

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rahI hai| phasaloMkI harItimAne jana-janako pulakita kara diyA hai| pazuoMne manAra vaira vilor3a diyA hai| bhIlI pikAriNI-trizalAkI zobhA-vRddhimeM. hRdecI lajjAkI samRddhi meM, dhRtidevI dhairya ke saMvarddhanameM, kIrtidevI stutigAnameM, buddhidevI viveka aura vicArake saMrakSaNameM evaM lakSmIdevI dhana-dhAnya samaddhikI vRddhi meM saMlagna haiM / mAtA trizalAkI sevA mahala kI paricArikAeM to karatI hI haiM, para svargakI devAMganAe bhI Akara unakI sedA-zuzrUSAmeM raha rahI haiN| yaha saba kucha vilakSaNa, para suhAvanA dikhalAyI par3atA thA / samasta anta:pura harSa aura AnandameM vibhora thA / mAtA-trizalAkI kI jAnevAlI sevA zabdAtIta thI 1 deviyoM aura paricArikAoM dvArA kI jAnevAlI sevAke samakSa sabhI hAra mAna jAte the / trizalAke manoraMjana hetu nAnA prakAra ke sAja-sAmAna ekatra kiye jAte the / deviyAM aura paricArikAe~ mAtAke manabahalAvake hetu vividha prakArake prazna aura paheliyA~ pUchatI thiiN| pratyeka kSaNa trizalAkI samasta sukha-suvidhAoMkA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| mahArAja siddhArtha bhI garbhavatI trizalAke samasta dohadoMko pUrNa karaneke liye saceSTa the| unhoMne aneka apramatta paricArikAeM niyata kI thiiN| ve sabhI paricArikAe~ mAtAke svabhAva aura pravRttikA adhyayana kara kArya karatI thiiN| adbhuta puNyake prabhAvase samasta samavAya vilakSaNa hI thaa| mamorakhanArya : saMgIta, nRtya evaM citrakalA bhAratIya sabhyatAmeM saMgIta, nRtya evaM citrAdi kalAe~ manovinoda athavA bhoga-vilAsakA sAdhana nahIM hai, apitu inameM tattvavAda, kalpanAtmaka vistAra evaM aitihAsika paramparAkA pracchanna rUpapAyA jAtA hai / kalA kevala zArIrika anurajana hI nahIM karatI, apitu mAnasika aura bauddhika vikAsakA bhI saMkesa prastuta karatI hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI mAtA trizalAke manovinodArtha saMgIta evaM nRtyAdi kalAeM sevAke hetu prastuta deviyoMne upasthita kii| navIna rUpakoM, nayI rekhAoM evaM naye raMgoMse vibhinna prakArake citroMkA nirmANa kara mAtAko prasanna kiyaa| vivAloM, kATa-phalakoM evaM vastroMke Upara bhI vicitra, avicitra evaM rasacitra aMkita kiye gye| kalAdvArA vibhinna prakArako lolAe~ evaM zilpa-sAdhanAe~ citrita kara satya, ziva aura saundaryakI pUrNatayA abhivyakti kI gayI hai| loka-jIvanakI rasabharI preraNA dvArA rAga-rAginI, RtuvarNana, lolA-varNana evaM prakRtike ramya rUpa upasthitakara mAtAkA anuraMjana kiyA jAne lgaa| 96 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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saMgItakalA I saMgItakA prANa svara hai / kAvyakI kAyA zabda aura arthoM dvArA nirmita hotI hai, para saMgIta zabdAtIta hai / saMgItameM rasa - niSpattike hetu vAcaka-zaktikI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki saMgItakI bhASA zAstrata aura sArvama hotI hai / vaha bhaugolika sImAoMke bandhanase pare rahatI hai / prANI hI nahIM, pattiyoM meM bhI hai| sA re, ga, ma Adi sapta svaroMpara AdhRta hai / ye sAta svara hI sAmaka kahe jAte haiM / sAma-gAna meM prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha ora mandra ina pA~ca svaroMko mukhya mAnA gayA hai aura 'kRSTa tathA atisvAyaM ina do svaroMko gauNa / sAma - siddhAnta ke anusAra mukhya pA~ca svara kramase madhyama, gAndhAra, RSabha - SaDja aura niSAda haiN| mukhya aura gauNa svaroMko milA denese sapta svara hote haiM / inhoMke antargata do madhyama svara mAne jAte haiM, jo antara aura kAkalI kahe jAte haiM / vINAke sAtha gAna karate samaya RSabha, dhaivata aura madhyama svaroMke vikRta rUpoM ko milAkara saMgItake bAraha svara- sthAna, bAisa sUkSma zrutiyA~ evaM chayAsaTha nAdake sUkSmatara prabheda hote haiM / vANIko svaramayI aura zabdamayI mAnA jAtA hai tathA svara aura zabda nAdake adhIna haiN| nAdako jagatakA pariNAma mAnA gayA hai| isake Ahata aura manAta do bheda haiM / anAhata nAda binA AghAta ke utpanna hotA hai| ise kevala yogIjana hI sunate haiM, samajhate hai aura isake dvArA mokSa prApta karate haiM / samasta carAcara jagata nAdase prabhAvita hai / hariNa aura sarpa vINAkA svara sunakara maMtramugdha ho jAte haiM / saMgItako brahmAnanda-sahodara isIliye kahA jAtA hai ki nAdameM apAra AkarSaNa zakti vidyamAna hai| jIvana aura sRSTike jina rahasyoMko hama jJAta karanemeM akSama rahate haiM, saMgItadvArA ve rahasya sahaja hRdayaMgama ho jAte haiM / deviyAM saMgItagoSThI aura vAditragoSThI dvArA mAtA trizalAko prasanna karatI aura unake hRdayako pavitra bhAvanAoMse AplAvita karatI thiiN| ve madhura mAna dvArA aise svara aura nAdakA sRjana karatI thIM, jisase mAtAkA hRdaya praphullita ho jAtA thA ! saMskRti, zikSA, dhArmika, naitika vizvAsa evaM niSThAoM kI abhivyakti saMgIta ke dvArA kI jA rahI thI / rasAnubhUtiko kSamatA aura abhirucikA pariSkAra aneza hotA rahatA thA / mAtA trizalA saMgItake rasAsvAdanadvArA manovinoda to karatI hI thIM, para ve jIvana ke gambhIra rahasyoM ko bhI avagata karatI thiiN| vinodakI sabase prathama aura bar3I AvazyakatA hai bandhanoM se mukti / yadyapi dharma aura nIti isa vinodakI pravRttiko maryAdita aura saMskRta karanekA satata prayatna karate Aye haiM, parantu tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 97 7

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vinodakI AvazyakatA ise mukta antarAla deneke prayatnameM lagI rahatI hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki saundaryake sRjana aura rasake AsvAdanameM janarucikI sarvAdhika abhivyakti hotI hai| saMgIta aura santulana, layAtmaka Aroha-avaroha tathA aMgoMkA samAnupAtika vinyAsa Adi saundaryake aise guNa haiM, jo mAnavamAtrake svabhAva aura cike aMga banate haiN| saMgItakalA kevala anuraMjanakA hI sAdhana nahIM hai, apitu dharmako bhI maryAdita aura niyantrita karatI hai / devAGganAe~ saMgItakalAkA zuddha svarUpa upasthita kara mAtAke samakSa divya maMgala prastuta karatI thIM / jIvanake sthala aura sUkSma donoM pakSoMkA upasthitIkaraNa mAnavakI mAnavatAkA ubura karatA hai / jIvanagata sthUlako saghana antarAlameM yuga-yugAntarase soye hue jar3a-pratyaya evaM mumUrSasUkSmakI kalpanA smRtti aura pratyabhizAko udbaddha kara usake aparAhata pauruSako anuSNa agnizikhAko pradIpta karatI hai| vyAvahArikatAke varvara kSaNoMmeM manuSyatA zIla aura saundaryako spandita karatI hai| isa prakAra devAGganAeM vibhinna prakArake gIta aura vAditra dvArA mAtA trizalAkA manoraMjana kara unheM sadaiva prasanna rakhanekA prayAsa karatI thiiN| nRtyakalA nRtyakalA bhI saundaryopAsanAkI eka sukhada pravRtti hai| saundarya-jijJAsAkI isa pravRttine hI sabhyatA aura saMskRtiko janma diyaa| mAnavasabhyatA aura saMskRtike vikAsameM nRtyakalAkA sarvAdhika yogadAna rahA hai| bhAratIya jIvanameM nRtyakalAko satya, zAzvata, nitya aura anAdi mAnA hai| usakI ArAdhanA lokamaMgala aura paramArtha donoMke liye hotI hai| natyakalA anuraMjanake liye na hokara jobanake vikAsake liye hai / nRtyakA vyApaka anurAga kAma, krodhAdi vikAroMko zamana karanekA bhI kArya karatA hai| AMgika saMketoMdvArA bhAvAbhivyajanakI pravRtti nRtyamudrAoMmeM dekhI jA sakatI hai| devAGganAeM mAtA trizalAko apane vibhinna aMga-saMcAlana dvArA prasanna karatI thiiN| nRtya karate samaya devAGganAoMkI dantapaMktise ni:sUta kiraNeM muskarAtI huI jAna par3atI thiiN| layake sAtha pAda-saMcAlanakI gati aura hAva-bhAvayukta vilAsa rasa-dhArAkA sRjana karate the / nRtyameM saMlagna deviyA~ aneka prakArako gati, taraha-tarahake gIta, nRtyavizeSa evaM vicitra zArIrika ceSTAoM dvArA mAtAke manako utkaMThita karatI thiiN| hasta-pallavoMse vINA-vAdana karato huI vibhinna zArIrika ceSTAoM ko prastuta karatI thIM / tAla aura svarake sAtha manda aura madhura rUpameM prastuta kI gayI zArIrika ceSTAeM janamAnasakA anuraJjana karatI hI haiN| 98 : tIyaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vastutaH nRtya jIvanake vistArakA nAma hai| yaha jIvanakA anupama aura amUlya aMga hai| jIvanakA artha hai pragati evaM pravRttikI gAthA tathA karmakA itivRtta / jisa jIvana meM nRtya aura saMgItakA vikAsa na ho, vaha bhArabhUta ho jAtA hai| jIvana meM yadi natyAdi kalAeM na hoM, to mAnavakI sAtvikatA aura pazakI pAzavikatAmeM antara hI na rhe| saMgIta aura nRtyakalA vihIna jIvana apUrNa, vega-rahita aura nIrasa hai / jIvana meM pragati lAnA nRtyAdi-kalAoMkA dharma hai| jaise-jaise jIvana meM nRtya aura saMgIta Adi kalAoMkA vistAra hotA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise jIvana mUlyavAn banatA jAtA hai / ataH kalAkI nirmalatA aura pavitratAkA prabhAva bhI nirmala evaM pAvana hotA hai| saMgIta aura nRtya AtmalIna honeke sAdhana haiN| ye jAgRtike kAraNa haiN| Atma-svatantratA evaM Ananda-pramo. dakI prApti inhIMke dvArA sambhava hai| saMgItazAstrameM vibhinna mudrAoMkA ullekha AtA hai| mukharAga evaM hastAbhinaya bhI nRtyake antargata haiN| nartaka evaM nartakiyA~ medhA-smRti, guNazlAghA, rAga, saMsarga aura utsAhase yukta hokara gIta vAdya-tAlake anusAra pAda-saMcAlana kara vividha prakArake svAbhAvika paribhramaNa prastuta karatI thiiN| patAkahasta, tripasAka-hasta, arddhapatAka-hasta, kartaramukha-hasta, mayUra-hasta, arddhacandrahasta, sucIhasta, caturahasta, bhramarahasta, vyAnahasta, kaTakahasta evaM pallIhasta Adi battIsa prakArako sayukta hastamudrAoM dvArA dhiyAM abhinaya karatI thiiN| asaMyukta hastamudrAoMmeM aJjali, kapota, karkaTa, puSpapuTa, utsaMga, zakaTa, zaMkha, cakra, sampuTa, pAza, kolaka, matsya, varAha, garur3a, nAgabandha Adi teisa prakArakI mudrAeM parigaNita haiM / zRGgArAdi nava rasoMko abhivyakta karanevAle nRtya upasthita kiye jA rahe the| isa prakAra devAGganAe saMgIta evaM nRtya dvArA mAtA kI AnandopalabdhikA sAdhana bana rahI thiiN| ye rasAzrita aura bhAvAtmaka nRtya upasthita kara mAtAko prasanna karatI thIM citrakalA garbhastha bAlakake sampaka poSaNa hetu mAtAkA prasanna aura Anandita mudrA meM rahanA Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| jIvanake vividha anubhavoMkA mUlya avagata karaneke liye citrakalAko bhI AvazyakatA anivArya hai / saMskRtikI pahacAna isIke dvArA hotI hai / citrakalAkA pradhAna kArya kalpanAko jAgRta kara jIvanako pUrNa banAnA hai| isakI mukhya zarta yaha hai ki isameM jIvanakA taTastha anubhava hI prApta ho / yathArthatAke sAnnidhyameM jo vyavahAra anivArya bana jAye, usameM usake liye jarA bhI guMjAiza nhiiN| manuSyake Asa-pAsa apAra jIvanalIlAkA vistAra rahatA hai| rekhA, paribandhana, Avega aura Alekhana dvArA vibhinna prakAra tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 99

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kI bhAva-bhaMgimAeM vyakta ko jAtI haiN| devAGganAeM citrakalA dvArA mAtAke antarjIbanakI bhUkhako miTAnevAle rasoMkA sRjana karatI thiiN| vastutaH citrakalA santapta hRdayoM ke samAdhAna aura vizrAmake liye athavA dainika jIvanako kSudra banA denevAlI ghaTanAoMse dUra haTAkara Antarika jIvanako uddIpana aura poSaNa pradAna karanevAlI divya jar3I hai / citrakalAko prazastimeM saundaryako mAtA zrI aneka bAra usai huI dikhalAyI par3atI hai| manobhAvoM meM susampAdana aura lIlA-vaividhyakA udreka cittAkarSaka saundaryaSA Agraha karatA hai / citrakalAkI pravRtti anAdikAlasa mAnavasamAjameM pAyI jAtI hai| vibhinna sAmAjika staroMkI jAnakArI citrakalA dvArA prApta kI jAtI hai| manogata bhAvoM evaM vibhinna zArIrika ceSTAo kA aMkana bhI citrakalAmeM sambhava hotA hai| citrakalAkA sarvastra usakI bhAvadhArA hai aura isa bhAvadhArAkA aMkana vibhinna zailiyo dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| devAGganAe~ citroko karuNAke sUtrameM Avaddha kara vibhinna sabhyatAoMke saMgharSa aura AghAtoMkA aMkana karatI thiiN| inake dvArA nirmita citroM meM nimnAMkita vizeSatAeM upalabdha hotI thIM : (1) sAdazyakI upekSA aura bhAvako pradhAnatA, (2) raMgAnukUla rekhAoMkA citraNa evaM vibhinna gatividhikA rUpAMkana, (3) raMgoM dvArA bhAratIya vAtAvaraNakA sRjana, (4) dRSTi-saraNiko viSayapara avalimbata na rahane denA, (5) zAzvata saundaryakA aMkana / / devAGganAe~ pada-citra, phalaka-citra aura bhitti-citroM dvArA mAtAkA manoraMjana karatA huI unako susaMskRta rucikA pariSkAra karatI thiiN| batAyA gayA hai ki deviyAM Alastharahita hokara ratnoMke cUrNase raMgAvalI taiyAra kara dhUlicitroMkA nirmANa karatI thiiN| raMga-viraMge caukake cAroM ora puSpa vikIrNa kara rasamaya citroMkA nirmANa karatI thIM / vINA aura mRdaMga Adi vAdya bajAtI huI deviyA~ manohara aura AkarSaka citroM dvArA mAtAke manakA AkarSaNa karatI thiiN| isa prakAra nRtya-goSThI, vAdya-goSTho, saMgIta-goSThI, abhinaya-goSThI, citragoSThI Adike dvArA mAtA trizalAke manameM rasa-mAdhuryakA saMcAra karatI thiiN| kAvya-goSThIdvArA manoraJjana ___ garbhake navama mAsameM mAtA trizalAke manovinodArtha deviyAM viziSTa-viziSTa kAvya-goSThiyoMkA Ayojana karatI thiiN| mUr3ha artha, gULa kriyA, gUr3ha pAda evaM lupta mAtrA aura akSaravAle padyoM dvArA mAtA trizalAko prasanna karatI thiiN| ve 100 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kahane lagatI ki he mAtA ! kyA tumane isa saMsAra meM eka kSINa candramAko dekhA hai ? vyAjastuti dvArA ve mAtAkI mukhakAntikA citraNa karatI aura batalAtI haiM. ki mAtAkI mukhakAnti jaise-jaise bar3hatI jAtI hai, candramA utanA hI kSINa hotA jAtA hai| __ deviyA~ mAtAke mukhakamalakA aneka duSTiyoMse kAdhyAtmaka citraNa karatI thiiN| ve kabhI unake mukhakamalako bhramarasahita citrita karato, to kabhI kamalarahita / __devAGganAe~ kAvyakA sRjana karatI huI kahatI ki- "he kamalanayanI ! ye bhramara Apake mukharUpI kamalako AnAta kara kRtArtha ho jAte haiN| ataeva ne phira pRthvIse utpanna hue kamalake pAsa nahIM jAte haiM / isa prakAra devAGganAeM kAvyapATha dvArA mAtAke manako Anandita karatI thiiN| ve iSTabhAvake svarUpako kAvya-bandha dvArA prastuta karatI thiiN| laya varNa aura doghaM vargoMkA prayoga isa rUpameM karatI thIM, jisase zabda aura arthameM sAmaMjasya evaM mAdhurya utpanna ho jAtA thA / sukomala bhAvanAoM aura anubhUtiyoM kA pracaNDa vega upasthita kara ve mAtAko bhAva-vibhora banAtI thiiN| devAGganAoM dvArA paThita kAvyoMmeM saMgItAtmakatA aura bhAvamayatAke sAtha sukomala bhAvanAoMkA bhANDAra nihita rahatA thA / inake kAvyoMmeM nimnalikhita guNa samaveta rahate the : (1) antavRttikA prAdhAnya, (2) saMgItAtmakatA, (3) rasAtmakatA, (4) rAgAtmaka anubhUtiyoMkI kasAvaTa, (5) zabda-cayana aura citrAtmakatA, (6) samAhita prabhAva, (7) mArmikatA, (8) geyatA, (9) mdhurtaa| isa prakAra deviyA~ kAvya-sRjana dvArA mAtA trizalAkA mano-vinoda karatI thIM | goti-nATya evaM prabandhoM dvArA apUrva rasakA camatkAra utpanna karatI thiiN| paheliyoM evaM praznottaroMchArA manovinoda mAtA trizalAke manoraMjanArtha deviyAM prazna karatI hai ki isa saMsArameM kisake vacana zraSTha aura prAmANika haiM ? mAtA-sarvajJa, hitaiSI aura vItarAgI tIrthakarake vacana hI zreSTha haiN| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 101

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deviyA~ - raNarUpI viSako kAlaka mRta samAna kyA peya hai ? mAtA - tIrthaMkara ke mukhakamalase nirgata jJAnAmRta hI peya hai| isa jJAnAmRta se janma-maraNakI saMsAra-paramparA chinna ho jAtI hai / deviyA~ - loka meM buddhimAnoMko kisakA dhyAna karanA cAhiye ? -- mAtA - paJcaparameSThI, Agama aura AtmatatvakA dhyAna karanA zreyaskara hai / saMsAra paribhramaNake kAraNabhUta AtaM aura raudra dhyAna tyAjya haiM / deviyA~ - kisa kArya karanemeM zIghratA karanI cAhiye ? mAtA -- saMsAra-ucchedaka anantajJAna aura cAritra ke prApta karane meM zIghratA karanI caahiye| jo AtmakalyANake kAraNIbhUta ratnatrayadharmako dhAraNa karane meM samayakI pratIkSA karatA hai, vaha AtmakalyANase dUra rahatA hai / ataH dharmapAlana meM zIghratA karanA Avazyaka hai / deviyAM -- saMsArameM sajjanoMke sAtha jAnevAlA kauna hai ? mAtA - dayAmaya ahiMsAdharma hI sAtha jAnevAlA hai, yahI jIvoMkA rakSaka hai / deviyA~ - dharmake lakSaNa kauna-kauna haiM ? dharmasAdhanase kyA phala prApta hotA hai ? mAtA - Atmatattvako anubhUti kara dvAdaza tapa, ratnatraya, mahAvrata, aNuvrata, zIla aura uttamakSamAdi dhAraNa ye dharmake lakSaNa haiM / dharmakA phala karmanirjarA hai / deviyAM -- dharmAtmAoMke cihna kyA haiM ? mAtA -- uttama zAntasvabhAva honA, ahaMkAra aura mamakAra na honA, zuddhAcaraNakA pAlana karanA, dharmAtmAoMke cihna hai / deviyA~ - pApake cihna aura phala kyA hai ? tathA pApI jIvoM kI pahacAna kyA hai ? * $ mAtA -- mithyAtva krodhAdi kaSAya anAyatana sevana pApake cihna haiM / rAga, dveSa, moha, klezAdi pApake phala haiM / atyadhika krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha karane vAlA, dUsaroMkA nindaka aura sva-prazaMsaka, Arta-rodradhyAnadhArI honA pApiyoMke cihna haiM / deviyA~ - loka vicAravAna kauna hai ? 102 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI kAcArya-paramparA

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mAtA-sarvana, hitopadezI aura vItarAga deva, zAstra aura gurukA cintana karanevAlA vicAravAna hai| deviyAM--paralokagamana karate samaya pAtheya kyA hai ? mAtA-dAna, pUjA, vata, upavAsa, zIla aura saMyama hI pAtheya hai| deviyAM-isa lokameM kisakA janma saphala hai ? mAtA-mokSa-lakSmIke sukhadAyaka uttama meda-vijJAnako prApta karanevAle vyaktikA hI jIvana saphala hai| deviyAM saMsArameM sukhI kauna hai ? mAtA-saba prakArako parigraha-upAdhiyoMse rahita dhyAnarUpI amRtakA svAda lenevAlA yogI hI sukhI hai, anya vyakti nhiiN| deviyAM-saMsArameM kisa vastukI cintA karanI cAhiye aura kyA upAdeya hai ? mAtA-karmokI nirjarA karanekI aura mokSa lakSmIko prApta karanekI cintA karanI cAhiye, indriyasukhoMkI nahIM / atIndriya sukha hI upAdeya hai| deviyAM-kisa kAryake liye mahAna udyoga karanA abhISTa hai ? mAtA-ratnatraya aura zukhopayogako prApta karaneke liye mahAn yatna karanA ho abhISTa hai| deviyAM-manuSyoMkA parama mitra kona hai aura amitra kauna hai ? mAtA-tapa, dAna, vrata, zIla, saMyama Adike dhAraNa karanekI ora jo prerita kare vahI parama mitra hai aura jo ina kAryoM meM vighna karatA hai tathA hiMsA, asaMyama aura pramAda AdimeM pravRtta karatA ho vaha amitra hai| deviyAM saMsArameM prazaMsya kauna hai? mAtA-thor3A dhana rahanepara bhI jo supAtrako dAna detA ho aura nirbala zarIra rahanepara bhI niSpApa tapazcaraNa karatA ho vahI prazaMsya hai| deviyoM-vidvattA kyA hai aura mUrkhatA kyA hai ? mAtA-zAstroMkA jJAtA hokara bhI jo nindya AcaraNa aura abhimAnakA spAga karatA hai tathA pApAcaraNase dUra rahatA hai vahI vidvAn hai / mithyAcaraNa, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAzraddhAse pRthak rahanA hI vidvattA hai / jo zAnI hokara bhI saMyama, tapa aura tyAgakA AdharaNa nahIM karatA vahI mUrSa hai / samyaka AcaraNase pRthak rahanA hI bhUkhaMtA hai| deviyAM-bora kona hai ? tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 103

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mAtA-paMcendriyA~ cora haiN| ye ratnatrayarUpa dharmako curAnevAlI haiM / viSayAsakti hI jIvake vivekako curAtI hai / deviyA~-zUravIra kauna hai ? ___ mAtA-jo dhairyarUpI khaDgase parISaharUpI mahAyoddhAoMko, kaSAyarUpI zatruoMko evaM kAma-krodhAdi ripuoMko jItanevAlA hI zUravIra hai| deviyA~-piJjarameM kona Abaddha hai ? kaThora zabda karanevAlA kona hai aura jIvoMkA AdhAra kyA hai ? mAtA-zuka piujarameM Abaddha hai, kApha kaThora zabda karatA hai aura jIvoMkA AdhAra loka he| deviyA~-madhura zabda karanevAlA kauna hai ? purAnA vRkSa kauna hai ? kaisA rAjA chor3a dene yogya hai ? mAtA-mayUra tathA koyala madhura zabda karanevAle haiN| koTaravAlA vRkSa purAnA hai / krodhI rAjA chor3a dene yogya hai / / isa prakAra deviyoMne mAtAse vibhinna prazna pUche aura nAnA prakArako prahelikAe~ unake samakSa upasthita kii| deviyA~ mAtA trizalAkI sevAmeM aharniza upasthita rahatI thiiN| tIrthakara mahAvIrake garbhameM Ate ho mAtA trizalAkA mana apAra vAtsalya aura ullAsase bhara gyaa| siddhArtha mahArAjakA ghara-AMgana devotsavoMkA raMgamaMca bana gayA / sArA kuNDagrAma umaMga, utsAha aura pulakakA anubhava kara rahA thaa| kRSikI samRddhi aura maidAnoMkI harItimA sabhIke manako ullasita karatI thii| vaizAlIkA yaha upanagara dhana-dhAyase samaddha hotA huA maMtrI, pramoda aura premakA AgAra bana gayA / saba kucha vilakSaNa aura sukhada dikhalAyI par3ane lgaa| devAMganAeM aura paricArikAe~ chAyAke samAna trizalAko sevAmeM upasthita rahatI thiiN| mAtA trizalAkA mana Amoda-pramoda evaM zAstra-carcA aura tattva-carcAke kAraNa atyanta pAvana rahatA thA / mAtAke pavitra saMskAroMkA prabhAva garbhastha zizupara bhI par3ane lagA / mahArAja siddhArtha bhI trizalAkI samasta sukha-suvidhAoMkA dhyAna rakhate aura eka kSaNa bhI use aprasanna nahIM rahane dete| paricArikAe~ apramattabhAvase rAnI priyakAriNIkI sevAmeM upasthita rhtiiN| isa prakAra vaizAlIkA upanagara kuNDagrAma samRddhi aura sukhase ota-prota ho rahA thaa| khula gaye bhAgya vaizAlIke ___ nau mAha aura ATha dinakI garbhAvadhi samApta kara trizalAne vizAlA vaizAlomeM 104 : tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI ApArya-paramparA

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vizvavanya vaizAlika toyaMkara mahAvIrako 27 mArca I0 pU0 598 ko janma diyaa| isa samaya samasta graha ucca sthAnapara sthita the aura candramA uttarAphAlgunI nakSatrakA upabhoga kara rahA thA / caitrazuklA trayodazI candravArakI rAtrikA vaha antima prahara mAMgalika thA, jisameM yarddhamAnakA janma huaa| ___ tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake janmake samaya caturtha kAla duSama-suSumameM 75 varSa 3 mahInA avaziSTa the| vaizAlIke bhAgya jaga cuke the 1 hiMsA, asatya, anyAya, ADambara evaM vikRtiko salakAra zIva, kRA huii| prakRtine samasta vAtAvaraNameM madhurimA ghola dii| ajJAnakA avasAna huA aura jJAnasUryakA udaya / vaizAlIkA upanagara kuNDanAma AlhAdase paripUrNa thaa| prANImAtra zAnti aura sukhako zvAMsa le rahA thA / samasta parisara harSonmatta ho bAmoda-pramodameM saMlagna thaa| tIrthaMkara varddhamAnakA zarIra kAJcana AbhAyukta thA aura mukhamaNDalapara agaNita sUryokI dIpti vidyamAna thI / navajAta zizu ke zarIrase divya kAnti phUTa rahI thI aura aisA anubhava ho rahA thA ki bAlakake darzanamAtrase upanagara nirApada, niSkaMTaka aura samaddha bana gayA thaa| prANiyoMke hRdayoMke sAtha-sAtha samasta dizAeM bhI prasanna ho gayI thIM / AkAza nirmala aura prakRti manorama ho gayI po / devoM dvArA mattabhramaroMse vyApta puSpavRSTi aura dundubhinAda sampanna hue| devoM dvArA janmAbhiSeka tIrthaMkarakA janmAbhiSekotsava devoMne sampanna kiyA aura svayaM mahArAja siddhArthane apane bhavanameM dasa dinoM taka Anandotsava manAyA | dIpaka prajvalita kara prakAza kiyA gayA / dAna, puNya Adi zubhakRtya kiye gaye aura kArAgAroMse bandIjanoMko bandhanamukta kiyA gayA / saudharma indrakA Asana kampita huA aura bhavanavAsI Adi devoMke yahA~ ghaMTAko dhvani huI / avadhizAnase devoMne avagata kiyA ki kuNDagrAmameM antima tIrthakara barddhamAnakA janma ho cukA hai| ve harSameM jhUma uThe aura samasta devaparivAra nRtya-gAna karatA humA kuNDapura pahuMcA / airAvata hAthI sajAyA gayA, sArA gayA aura usake apara vibhinna upakaraNa rakhe gaye / mAnavatAkA zRGgAra karanevAle varSamAnakA janmAbhiSeka sampanna karaneke hetu deva-parivAra cala par3A / saudharma indrane kuNDapurameM pahuMcakara rAjamahalakI tIna pradakSiNAeM kI aura mAtA trizalA -priyakAriNIkI stuti kI / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 105

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indrANI prasUtigRhameM pahuMcI aura usane mAtAko sAntvanAke hetu mAyAmayI bAlaka vahA~ sulA diyA aura tIpaMkara vardhamAnako godameM lekara bAhara baayii| usane zizuko saudharma indrako sauMpa diyA | indrane airAvata hAthIpara savAra ho samasta deva-parivArake sAtha sumeru parvatakI ratnamayI pANDaka zilApara zizuko virAjamAna kiyA aura kSIrodapike nirmala jalase abhiSeka kiyA | abhiSekake anantara indrANIne zizu ke dehako poMchA / jaba vaha kapolapradezapara lage hue jala-binduoMko sukhAne meM pravRtta huI, to use eka vilakSaNa dRzya dikhalAyI par3A / jaise-jaise vaha jalabinduoMko poMchatI vaise-vaise balabinduoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI jAtI / indrANIke samakSa ajIba asamaMjasatAkI sthiti yo / antataH usane anubhava kiyA ki ye jalabindu nahIM, apitu dabase snigdha nirmala kapolapara sthita AbhUSaNoMkA pratibimba hai| usane itanA sundara zikSu abhI taka dekhA hI nahIM thA / usake netra lajjAse jhukane lge| abhiSekake anantara zizuko ghasvAbharaNa pahanAye gaye, divya evaM sugandhita mAlAoMse unheM AbhUSita kiyA gayA / namrIbhUta ho surendrane unako stuti kii| jaba indrakI dRSTi zizuke dakSiNa pagapara par3I, to siMhakA cihna dekhakara aura use bhAvI puruSArSakA pratIka samajhakara unakA cihna 'siMha' sthira kiyA / abhiSekake pazcAt indra unheM vaizAlIke rAjamArgose kuNDagrAma lAyA aura indrANIne pUrvavat prasUti gRhameM jAkara zizuko mAtA priyakAriNIke pAzvameM sulA diyaa| zizu mahAvIrake anmase ho rAjA sivAkA bala-vaibhava bar3hane lgaa| unakI kotti vyApta hone lgii| saba bhora mahArAja siddhArtha eka udArAzaya rAjAke nAmase prasiddha hue| bataeva mahArAja siddhArthane apane samasta bandhu-bAndhava aura iSTa-mitroMko AmaMtrita kara vIra bAlakakA nAmakaraNa-utsava sampanna kiyaa| ve kahane lage-"yaha zizu mahAmAma hai / jisa dinase mahArAnI priyakAriNIke garbha meM AyA, usI dinase ghara, nagara aura rAjyameM dhana-dhAnyako samRddhi huI hai| ataeva isa bAlakakA sAdhaka nAma varSamAna rakhA jaay|" upasthita jana-samudAyane rAjA siddhAdhake isa prastAvakA anumodana kiyA aura vIra bAlaka 'varSamAna' nAmase prasiddha imaa'| 1. sidvArSapriyakAriNyoH samamAnandadAyakam / varSamAnAspayA stusvA sadevo vAsavo'gamat // -haribaMzapurAna, rAw. 106 : tIrthakara mAvIra aura samakI gApArya-paramparA

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zaidAva tIrthaMkara barddhamAna dvitIyAke candramA ke tulya vRddhiMgata hone lge| unakI bAlalIlAeM vilakSaNa aura manohAriNI thiiN| vardhamAnakI zizu-sulabha krIr3AmoMdvArA mahArAja siddhArtha aura mahArAnI trizalA manoraMjana prApta karate the | janmase hI ve vilakSaNa pratibhAse sampanna the, viziSTa the aura the tIrthaMkara prakRtike bandhaka | unakA zarIra anupama suSamA aura zobhAse yukta thA / rakta dUdhake samAna zveta pavitra aura ujjvala, vANI madhura tathA zarIra zaMkha, cakra, padma, yava, dhanuSa Adi eka hajAra ATha zubha lakSaNoMse yukta alaukika thA ! * priyakAriNI putrako pAlanemeM jhulAtI, dularAtI aura loriyAM sunAtI thI / vardhamAnakI zArIrika vibhUtike sAtha AdhyAtmika vibhUti bhI bar3ha rahI thI / jJAnakI dIptise unakI kAyara anavarata sAmagAzI havI se eka baDa prakAzita hotI thI / mati, zruta aura avadhijJAnakA prakAza unheM Alokita kara rahA thaa| saundarya rAzi AvirbhUta hotI jA rahI thI / kramazaH aba ve pAlane se godomeM aura godIse bhUmipara lar3akhar3Akara calane lage the| unakI krIr3Ae purajana aura parijanakI thAtI bana rahI thI / kUpa sajala aura tAlAba kamaloMse paripUrNa hone lage the / kheta hare-bhare aura khalihAna dhAnya- pracura dikhalAyI par3ate the / ghara-ghara meM sukha-sampadA vyApta ho gayI thI / aisA lagatA thA ki dharatI svayaM apanA koSa luTA rahI hai| logoMke gharoMko dhana-dhAnyase bhara rahI hai / jyotiSI aura gaNaka zizuke zArIrika lakSaNoMko dekhakara vismita- cakita the| unakI ghoSaNA thI ki yaha bAlaka dharatIkA zrRMgAra hai| isake pratApa aura yazakA gAna manuSya hI nahIM sUrya-candra aura nakSatra bhI kreNge| isake dvArA jagatameM maMgaladAyinI krAnti hogI, jo manuSya ke duHkha- dainyako miTAkara akSaya sukhakI ora le jAyagI / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako janmapatrikA aura graha-sthiti tIrthaMkarake janmake samaya bRhaspati, zani, maMgala graha ucca sthAnameM the / eka bhavAvatArI yA dharmanAyakake liye jisa prakArake graha - yogakI AvazyakatA rahatI hai, vaha graha-yoga inakI janma kuNDalI meM nihita thaa| yahA~ unakI janma kuNDalI aMkita kara grahoM ke saMkSipta phalAdezakA vicAra kiyA jAyagA / kuNDalIke phalAdhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki ve AjIvana avivAhita rahe haiN| saptama gRhameM do pApagrahoM ke madhya rAhuke avasthita rahanese patnIkA abhAva siddha hotA hai / unakI janmapatrikA nimnaprakAra hai tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA 107

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janmakuNDalI maMgala 1. kesa 7 zani (1) jaba vyaktikA janma 'cara' lagnameM ho; guru, zukra paMcama yA navama bhAvameM sthita hoM aura zani kendrameM ho, so jAtaka, tIrthanAyaka yA avatArI hotA hai| (2) saptama bhAvameM rAhu sthita ho, isa bhAvapara pApagrahakI dRSTi ho, saptameza pApAkAnta ho, to patnIkA abhAva rahatA hai| aise jAtakakA vivAha nahIM hotA, isa yogase usake saMyamI hAneko sUcanA milatI hai / (3) tIrthakara mahAvIrako kuNDalImeM zukra aura candramA 120 aMzake antarAla para sthita haiM / yaha sthiti unakI sarvakAsA aura vItarAgatAko sUcaka hai / candramA navama bhAvameM sthita hai aura budhake gRhameM hai aura budha kendramai sUrya ke sAtha hai| candramA saptameza bhI hai / ataeva mahAvIrako bAraha varSoM takakI sAdhanAke sUcaka haiN| navamastha candramA darzanazAstra, AcArazAstra evaM vibhinna prakArake zAnavijJAnakI abhijJatAkA sUcaka hai| jAtakakA prabhASa anupama rahegA aura yaha samAjakA uddhAraka hogaa| {4) mahAvIrakI isa kuNDalI meM candracUr3a yoga hai / isa kuNDalImeM bhAgyeza budha kendrameM sthita hai / ataH yaha yoga candracUr3a kahalAtA hai / isa yogameM janma lenevAlA vyakti prasiddha jJAnI, AtmayogI evaM dharmapracAraka hotA hai| loka 1. patnIbhAve yA rAhaH pApapuramena vIkSitaH / patnI yogasthitA tasya bhUvA'pi mriyate'cirAt / / 2. lAbhe trikoNe yadi zItaraSima: karotyavazyaM kSitipAlatulyam / kuladayAnandakaraM narendra jotsnA hi dIpastamanAzakArI / / 108 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA -maansaagrii|

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kalyANakI bhAvanAkI sUcanA laganastha maMgalase prApta hotI hai / lagna sthAnameM uccakA maMgala upasarga aura parISaDjayI honekI ora iMgita karatA hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake vibhinna nAma tara mahAvIrake pratirikta anya bhI kaI nAma the / inakI mAtAne inheM 'videha dina' aura 'vezAlika' nAma diye / pitRvaMzakI paramparAna 'jJAtRputra' ke nAmase unheM prasiddha kiyA ! ye 'ativIra' aura 'nigrantha' bhI kahalAte the / unakA eka nAma 'sanmati' thA, jisake sAtha eka ghaTanA jur3I hai, jo bar3I rocaka aura preraka hai ! tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI avasthA abhI pAMca yA chaH varSakI thI ki ve eka dina jhUlA jhUla rahe the / AkAzamArga se do cAraNa RddhidhArI muni jA rahe the / ina muniyoM meM ekakA nAma saMjaya aura dUsarekA vijaya thA / inheM aneka RddhiyA~, siddhiyA~ prApta thIM / mahAvIrako jhUlate hue dekhakara ina muniyoM ke mana meM zaMkAe~ utpanna huiiN| ataeva ve unakI parIkSAke hetu mahAvIra ke nikaTa pahu~ce, para jaise hI unhoMne unakA divya darzana kiyA, vaise hI darzanamAtrase unake manakI zaMkAe~ nirAkRta ho gayIM / zaMkAoMke dUra honese una muniyoM kA mana bhakti-vibhora ho gayA aura ve tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI stuti karate hue kahane lage ki isa bAlakakA nAma aba 'sanmati' hogaa'| usI dinase inakA nAma 'sanmati' par3a gayA / I nirbhayatAkA pratIka mahAvIra bAlyakAla se hI mahAvIra atyanta nirbhaya the / ATha varSako avasthA meM ve apane samavayaska sAthiyoMke sAtha udyAnameM kIr3A kara rahe the / saudharma indrakI sabhA meM mahAvIra ke parAkrama aura vIratAkA prasaMga chir3A huA thA / indrane kahA --- bAlaka mahAvIra zaizavakAla se atyanta sAhasI aura parAkramI haiM / deva, dAnava aura mAnava koI bhI unheM parAjita nahIM kara sakatA / saMgama nAmaka devako indrake kathanapara vizvAsa nahIM huA, ataeva vaha vaddhamAna mahAvIrakI parIkSA karaneke liye cala par3A / 1. saMjayasyArthasandehe saMjAte vijayasya ca / janmAnantaramevamabhyetyA lokamAtrataH || tarasandehe gate tAbhyAM vAraNAbhyAM svabhaktiH / astveSa sammatidevo bhAvIti samudAhRtaH // -- uttarapurANa 74 / 282-283. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 109

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mahAvIra vATikAmeM apane mitroMke sAtha A~kha-micaunI khela rahe the / saMgamadevane bhayaMkara viSadharakA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA / vaha dekhane meM atyanta kRSNa varNa aura bhayAnaka thaa| paha-prakaTa hote hI phana phelAkara phuphakArasA hA usa AmalakI vRkSako ora daur3A, jisa vRkSapara mahAvIra apane sAthiyoMke sAtha krIr3Arata the| vaha bhayaMkara nAga vRkSake tanese lipaTa gyaa| upasthita sabhI bAlaka sarpako dekhakara AtaMkita hue aura ve idhara-udhara bhAgane lage, para mahAvIra Dare nahIM, vaha himAlayakI bhAMti aDiga khar3e rhe| unhoMne apane sAthiyoM ko dhairya dete hue kahA-Apa loga ghabar3AyeM nahIM, meM ise abhI uThAkara dUra pheMka detA hU~ / bAlakoMke manA karane para bhI mahAvIrane usa bhayaMkara nAgako pakar3akara dUra kara diyA aura sabhI bAlaka prasanna hokara punaH krIr3AmeM juTa gaye / uparyukta ghaTanAke ghaTita honepara bhI saMgamadevako saMtoSa nahIM huaa| ata: vaha samavayaska bAlakakA rUpa dhAraNa kara unhIMke sAtha krIr3A karane lgaa| isa bAra tinduzaka nAmaka khela Arambha huaa| isa khelameM do bAlaka ekasAtha lakSita vakSakI ora daur3ate aura ina donoMmeMse jo vRkSako pahale cha letA vaha vijayI mAnA jaataa| vijayI bAlaka parAjitapara savAra hokara mUla sthAna para aataa| mahAvIra aura chapavezadhArI saMgamadeva ekasAtha daudd'e| mahAvIrane vRkSako pahale chU liyaa| khelake niyamAnusAra parAjita saMgamako savArIke liye upasthita honA par3A / mahAvIra usapara savAra hokara jaise hI niyata sthAnapara Ane lage, devane sAta tAr3ake barAbara unnata aura bhayAvaha zarIra banAkara mahAvIra ko AtaMkita karanA cAhA / isa dRzyako dekhakara sabhI pAlaka bhayabhIta hue, para mahAvIra socane lage-avazya hI koI mAyAvI deva-dAnava hai, jo mujhe DarAnA cAhatA hai| unhoMne usako pIThapara atyanta dRr3ha muSTi prahAra kiyA; AghAsase saMgamadeva cIkha uThA aura geMdake samAna phUlA huA usakA zarIra dabakara choTA ho gyaa| mahAvIrake isa dhairya aura parAkramako dekhakara saMgamadeva 1. devAnAmadhunA zUro vIrasvAmIti tacchuteH / devaH saMgamako nAma saMprAptastaM parIkSitum // dRSTvodhAmavane rAjakumArahubhiH saha / kAkapakSadharairekavayobhilyicoditam // kumAra bhAsvarAkAraM dumakrIDAparAyaNam / sa vibhISayituM vAJcham mahAnAgAkRti daSat / / 110 : sopaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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nata mastaka ho gayA aura unakI stuti kara vahA~se calA gyaa| isI prakAra inhoMne madonmatta hAthIko vaza meM karake use gajazAlAmeM bAMdha diyA | mahAvIrako isa nirbhayatA aura parAkramase pUrA vaizAlo gaNatantra prabhAvita huaa| vairAmya aura niSkAmatAkA kura tIrthakara mahAvIrake mAtA-pitA bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI paramparAke anuyAyI the| unake ahiMsA, karuNA, dayA bora saMyamazIlatA Adi mahAna guNoMke kAraNa unakA jIvana Alokisa pA / ataH mahAvIrako unase ina guNoMkI Adarza chAyA prApta huI / unakA vairAgya zanaiH zanaiH bar3hane lagA aura AtmazuddhikI ora janake paga teSIse gatizIla hone lge| saMsArake vaibhava unheM nissAra aura svAdahIna lagane lge| unhoMne lokajIvana meM vyApta burAirzakA adhyayana kiyA aura unheM manuSyadvArA manuSyakA kiyA jAnevAlA zoSaNa anucita pratIta huA aura unakA mana bitoha ra nasAre vo sanAmAhI manA garama pAhate the, jisameM kisI bhI prakArakA bheda-bhAva na ho, prANImAtra samAna hoM aura sabhIko jInekA adhikAra ho / phalataH unhoMne mATha varSako avasthAmeM hI nimnalikhita niyamoMko dhAraNa kiyA (3) jIvopara dayA karanA aura ahiMsaka vRtti rakhanA, (3) satya bhASaNa karanA, (6) acoryavratakA pAlana karanA, (4) brahmacaryavasakA dhAraNa karanA, (5) icchAoMko sImita karanA / vizvake itihAsameM aisA eka bhI bAlaka divasAyI nahIM par3egA, jisane pATha varSako avasthAmeM hI jIvoMpara dayA karane, satya bolane, corI na karane, brahmacarya mUmAt prabhRti mubasa yAvaraskAdhamaveSTatA / viTapempo nipapAzu dharitrI bhagavilAH / / prapalAyamtaM taM dRSTvA pAlAH sarva pakAyaSam / mahAmaye samutpale mahatto'yo na titi / / sajjibAzatAsyunamAyA tamahiM vibhIH / kumAraH krIDayAmAsa mAtRparyavattadA // vinammamANahammonidhiH saMgamako'maraH / stusvA mamAnmahAvora iti mAma pakAra saH / -uttarapurANa // 289-295. sIkara mahAgIra aura unakI dezamA : 111

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rakhane aura apanI icchAoMke sImita rakhanekI bAta socI ho / bAlyAvasthAmeM hI unhoMne apanI pravRttiyoMko pariSkRta karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| mahAvIrakA cintana parivArako paridhise Age bar3hane lagA / sAmAjika jIvana meM utpanna honevAlI Arthika viSamatA, vargabheda, dalita aura patitAMka prati niSkaruNa bhAvanA Adiko dUra karane ke liye unhoMne saMkalpa kiyaa| unakA janma hI AtmakalyANa aura lokahitake liye haA thaa| ataeva lokakalyANa unakA iSTa thA aura lokakalyANa ho unakA lakSya thA / kizorAvasthAkI vicAradhArA ___ mahAvIra socane lage ki paramparAgata dharma aura dhArmika karmakANDa mAnavatAke rUpako vikRta kara rahe haiN| ve manuSya-manuSya ke bIca gaharI khAI utpanna kara rahe haiN| veda, karmakANDa aura brAhmaNoMkA svArthamUlaka vyavahAra samAjako vikRta karane meM saMlagna hai| jAtiprathA karmakANDakA mUla hai aura isa karmakANDapara palake kAraNa tatkAlIna brAhmaNa-samAja hiMsApriya aura ahamanya hai | Aja jAtiprathAmeM saDA~dha A gayI hai / ataeva Ajake samAjane manuSyoMko vibhinna vargomeM vibhakta kara diyA hai / bhASA-nIti bhI vikRta ho rahI hai| janatAko bolIse pRthak saMskRtameM purohita yA dharmAcArya apanA pravacana karate haiM, jisase zAsaka aura zAsita ye do varga alaga-alaga dikhalAyI par3ate haiM 1 janatAkI bhASAmeM bola yA likhakara zAsakavarga apanI zreSThatA siddha nahIM kara sktaa| ataeva sAmAnya janatAse apanI zreSThatA siddha karaneke liye hI zAsakavarga manamAnA zoSaNa kara rahA hai| uccavarga apanI bhASA viziSTa batalAkara janatApara zAsana kara rahA hai| ataH janatAko dharma aura dharma ke ThekedAroMke zikaMjoMse mukta karaneke liye unheM bhASAse bhI mukta karanA hogA, jo nihita svArthIko pratIka bana gayI hai| ___ mahattva bhASAkA nahIM, bhAvoMkA hai / vAstavameM vahI bhASA zreSTha hai, jo vaktA aura zrotAke bIca setu bana ske| jisa bhASAko janatA samajha sake usImeM upadeza denA yA vaicArika krAnti karanA yukti-saMgata hai| vartamAnameM nArIkI bhI pratiSThA samApta ho cukI hai| na use sAmAjika adhikAra prApta haiM aura na pArivArika / zikSA aura dharma-saMskAroMko prApta karaneke adhikArase bhI vaMcita hai / vedAdhyayana karanA yA dharmAnuSThAna karanA usakI adhikAra-spremAse bAhara hai| ataeva nArIsamAjakA utthAna karanA bhI isa samaya Avazyaka hai| 112 : tImaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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yajJoMmeM kI jAnevAlI hiMsA bIbhatsa aura amAnavIya hai| para bali-pradhAnayajJake himAyatI brAhmaNa aura ucca vargo atyAcAra evaM davAvake kAraNa kisI vyaktimeM itanI zakti nahIM ki vaha usakA tathA anya asAmAjika pravRttiyoMkA virodha kara ske| na to Aja vyaktigata svAtantrya hI hai aura na ucca AcAravicArako pratiSThA hI prApta hai| zAna, karma aura pANDityake dambhane janasAmAnyake hRdayako stabdha kara diyA hai| AjakA manuSya manuSya nahIM, dAnava dikhalAyI par3atA hai / prema, zAnti aura tyAgakA vAtAvaraNa kahIM bhI nahIM hai / ___ mahAvIrane tayugona samasyAoMpara vistArase vicAra kiyaa| unhoMne socA ki Aja manuSya dhanakA dAsa banA huA hai / vaha dhana aura vaibhavake balase svargakA dhAjJA-patra prApta kara sakatA hai| aisA koI bhI sAdhana nahIM jo dhanake balase na kharIdA jA sake / yajJIya samasta vidhiyoMkA saMyojana bhI dhana dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataeva dhana-tyAga yA parigraha-niyamanakI atyanta AvazyakatA hai / samAja kalyANake mArgase dUra haTa gayA hai| bhogane pAgadhara apaH adhikAra jamA liyA hai / mitrasA, vizvAsa, niSkapaTatA aura parama puruSArthakI avahelanA ho rahI hai / vRttiyoMkI zuddhi parama Avazyaka hai / avataka manuSya apane vivekako jAgRta nahIM karegA, tabataka usakA jIvana sAMskRtika nahIM ho sakatA hai| ___isa yugameM AdhyAtmika lokatantrake sthApanako atyanta AvazyakatA hai| hisA, asatya, zoSaNa, saMcaya, kUzIla-vicAra, asahiSNutA, saMcaya-zIlasA AdikA virodha karanA mAnavatAke abhyutthAnahetu Avazyaka hai| Aja vidhAra-svAtantryako sthAna prApta nahIM hai| haThyAda aura durAgraha mAnavatAko paMgu banAye hue haiM / apanI saMkucita dRSTike kAraNa vibhinna saMbhAvanAoM meM AsthA utpanna nahIM ho rahI hai| vyakti, vastu, kSetra aura kAlakI sImAoM kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai / jabasaka ekAntavAdakA viSa banA rahegA, tabataka manuSya carama zaktiko prApta nahIM kara skegaa| vartamAnameM logoMkI dRSTi itanI saMkINaM aura saMkucita hai, jisase vastukI pUrI sammAvanAoMpara vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / asahiSNu aura anudAra vyakti satyakA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai / ataeva sApekSa kathana hI satyake nikaTa pahu~cAtA hai| vyakti, sthiti yA vastuko lekara saba kucha eka sAtha aura eka samayameM kahanA sambhava nahIM hai / zabda aura zabda-prayokAkI apanI sImAeM haiM tathA sunane aura samajhanevAloMkI bhI apanI sImAeM haiN| cAhe koI kitanA hI bar3A dAvA kyoM na kareM, para sathyoMko eka sAtha upalabdha nahIM kara sakatA, mArjina sadeva hI banA rahatA tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI devAnA : 113

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hai aura isakA banA rahanA bhI Avazyaka hai| Ajako isa saMkucita vicAradhArAko udAra aura vistRta banAnA Avazyaka hai| nissandeha mahAvIra kizorAvasthAse hI vicArazola the| ve jIvana ke prathama caraNase hI samAjakI vikRtiyoMke liye cintita the| ve samatA, sahiSNutA,abhaya, ahiMsA evaM anAsakti Adi guNoMkA pracAra aura prasAra cAhate the| ve lokakalyANakI ujjvala jyoti jalAkara samAjako Alokita karanA cAhate the| unhoMne kisI vidyAlaya yA mahAvidyAlayameM jAkara vidyAkA abhyAsa nahIM kiyA thaa| unakI sargika pratibhA anupama thI / ve sacce karmayogI, mahAna dArzanika, AtmadraSTA aura jIvana-kSetrake amara yoddhA the| vizvameM bar3e-bar3e yuddhoMke vijetA to bahuta vyakti hue haiM, kintu kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoMpara vijaya prApta karanevAle mahAvIra kama hI hue haiN| ___mahAvIrane jIvana ke jisa kSetrameM praveza kiyA usameM apane AcaraNa aura vyavahAroMkA mAna-bindu sthApita kiyA / unhoMne svayaM loka-kalyANake liye kaSTa sahe aura apane puruSArtha dvArA bar3I-bar3I vighna-bAdhAoMko samApta kiyaa| apane pavitra AcaraNa aura divya-zAnako jyotise jana-janakA anuraMjita kiyaa| jisa guruDamameM dhanika-garIba, rAjA-raMka sabhI DUbe hue the, usa gurutamako dUra karane ke liye unhoMne saMkalpa liyA / __unake guNoMse AkRSTa hokara sahyogI aura samavayaska hI unake prati nata mastaka nahIM hote the, apitu devatA bhI unakA caraNa-vandana karate the, unakA yazogAna karate the aura apanI samasyAoMkA samAdhAna prApta karate the| alaukika zaktiyoMkA varaNa kizorAvasthA meM hI mahAvIrako agaNita alaukika zakiyA~ prApta huii| unameM devI guNa prAdurbhUta hue| janatA unheM zraddhA aura Adarako dRSTise dekhatI thii| koTi-koTi mAnava unheM vItarAga samajhakara unako pUjA karate aura unake pavitra caraNoM meM apanI zraddhA nivedita karate the| unakA parAkrama mitroMke liye anukaraNIya thaa| unake zarorase na to dugaMdhita pasInA nikalatA aura na anya kisI prakArakI azucitA hI dRSTigocara hoto thI / adbhuta rUpa, samacaturasra saMsthAna, vanavRSabha-nArAya-saMhanana, ananta bala, atizaya sugandhatA evaM ekahajAra ATha zubha-lakSaNa unakI zArIrika AbhAko Alokita karate the| isameM sandeha nahIM ki mahAvorako nAnA prakArake atizayoM aura vaibhavoMne varaNa kiyA thaa| 114 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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isaprakAra unakA kizora-kAla yA kumAra-kAla alaukika aura daivIya guNoMse yukta hokara vyatIta hone lgaa| unakI pratyeka kriyA viziSTa mAlUma hotI thI / ve sAmAnya manuSyoMkI apekSA viziSTa vicArazIla netAke rUpameM dikhalAyI par3ate the| yahI kAraNa hai ki unheM sabhI loga jApaka, tAraka,bodhaka aura mocakake rUpameM dekhate the| ve svayaM socate ki mAnava-jIvana saMgamarmarake samAna hai aura mAnava eka zilpakAra hai| kuzala zilpoMke hAthoM dvArA mAnavadhana sunyastama rUpameM pariNata ho jAtA hai| yadi mAnava kuzala zilpakAra nahIM bana pAyA, to jIvana-saMgamarmarakA svayaM koI mUlya nahIM hai| saMgamarmarakA yaha Tukar3A kevala pASANa-khaNDa hI raha jAyagA, isase aura Age kucha nahIM banegA | yadi saundaryako abhivyaJjanA karanI hai, to kuzala zilpakAra bananA hogA, tabhI jIvanasaMgamarmarase ArAdhya AtmA yA bhagavAnako mUrti gar3hI jA skegii| mAnava apaneko pahacAna le to use zilpakAra banane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM ho sakatI hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 115

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paJcama pariccheda yuvAvasthA, saMgharSa evaM saMkalpa grISma Rtuke pazcAt varSA jisa prakAra Arambha hotI hai, usI prakAra kezo ke anantara mahAvIrake jIvana meM bhI yuvAvasthAkA adhyAya Arambha huA / lIne puSpakA AkAra grahaNa kiyA aura cAroM ora puSpakA saurabha phailane lagA / kizorAvasthA ke Asanapara yauvanane aMgar3AI lI, dhUpa-chAyA ekasAtha abhivyakta huI / kaizorya kI vidAI aura yauvanakA Agama eka apUrva vaya- sandhi thii| eka hI prAMgaNa meM saba kucha bhavya aura manohara pratIta ho rahA thaa| mahAvIrakA vyaktitva vilakSaNa thA / zarIrameM akhaNDa yauvanakA sAmrAjya rahanepara bhI unakA mana saMsArake samasta prANiyoM ke liye karuNAmeM nimagna thA / samatva unako trAsa thI aura pariNAma vizuddhipara unakA vizeSa dhyAna thA / mana, vANI aura karma se ve samvat pravRtta the / - 111 -

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manISA prakhara thI aura viveka unake jIvanakA sAvadhAna praharI thA / unakA jIvana krAntikA pratIka thA, muktikA divya chanda thA aura zaktikI eka vizAla zodhazAlA thA / yauvanake prakaTa honepara bhI ve jalameM rahanevAle kamalake samAna saMsArase nilita aura niSpaka the| unakA jIvana anAsakta thaa| unake vyaktitvake dharAtalapara saMsAra thA, para talameM vairAgyakA nivAsa thaa| viSyaveha aura parAkrama akhaNDa aura saundarya rAzine unake tAruNyako kRtArtha kara diyA thaa| dilakSaNa deha, sugaThita avayava', karjastrI mana, uddIpta mukha, aMga-aMgake apUrva puruSArtha evaM yuvAvasthAkA parisphuraNa karavaTa le rahA thA / vastutaH mahAvIrakA ujjvala nayA yauvana, vilakSaNa puruSArtha, bahucita parAkama aura apratima teja eka nayA mAgaM DhU~Dha rahA thaa| surAja bahAvIra gobata saNako ko dIdAmeM mUrtimAna karanA cAhate the| ve narase nArAyaNa banakara svAtantrya-upalabike liye prayatnazIla the| yauvanane unake vivekako AcchAdita nahIM kiyA | ve nighUma agnike samAna spaSTa aura bhAsvara bane rhe| unakI manISA aharniza Atmonmukha hotI gayI / ahiMsAkA racanAtmaka sUtra unake hAtha meM Akara kriyAtmaka rUpa dhAraNa karane lagA | jaise-jaise yuvAvasthAkA jvArabhATA bar3hatA jAtA, vaise-vaise mahAvIra sAdhanA-payako ora bar3hane kA saMkalpa krte| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigrahake aMkurane aba virATa vaTavRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| loka-kalyANa aura Atma-kalyANakA lakSya uttarottara vRddhiMgata hotA gyaa| ve kAma, krodha, lobha, mohAdi antaraMga zatruoMse jUjhaneke liye taiyAro karane lge| yaha satya hai ki mahAvIra rAjakumAra the| rAjya thA, vaibhava thA, senA thI, sevaka the, sevikAeM thIM, vilAsa thA aura Amoda-pramodake aneka sAdhana the| yuvaka mahAvIrake cAroM ora laukika sukhoMkA ambAra lagA huA thaa| unheM sabhI prakArakA Adara-sammAna prApta thaa| lakSa-lakSa mAnavoMkA pyAra, zraddhA aura sneha unheM prApta thaa| unakI sAta hAtha unmata kAyA yauvana kI kAnsise jagamagA uThI / prajA unake baliSTha aura kAntimaya zarIrako dekhakara socatI thI ki eka dina AyagA jaba yahI bhalaukika mahApuruSa usake adhyAtma-mArgakA vidhAtA bnegaa| isa alokika mahApuruSakA janma kisI eka prAnta yA vargake liye nahIM huA hai, yaha to sampUrNa vizvake prANImAtrakA kazyANa kregaa| sIkara mahAvIra kaura unakI dezamA : 117

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mahAvIrakA samparNa jIvana cintanakA kSetra bana gayA / isakI samparNa sAdhanA vijayakI sAdhanA ho gyii| jitendriya bananA-Antarika rUpase Atma-virodhI tasvopara vijaya prApta karanA lakSya ho gayA / Atmodaya svAdhInatAke rUpameM pariNata hone lgaa.| zarIra aura manako paratantratA naSTa hone lagI / paramasvAtantrya apane nija svabhAvakI ora bar3hane lgaa| unake pauruSeya-parAkramase ananta paryAyoMke dubarSa moha, rAga aura vAsanAke vikAra dhUlisAta hone lge| cittakI caJcalatA cetanAkI cinmayatAmeM rUpAntarita ho gyii| unhoMne apanI gatizIlatAko antazcetanAke UrdhyAkaraNameM prayukta kiyA / ve jIvanakI antanihita zaktiyoMkA sphuraNa karane lage, jisase rAga-vidveSako vikRttiyo spaSTa jJAta hone lgii| ve bhItara aura bAhara itane sundara ho gaye ki chipAneko kucha bhI zeSa nahIM rhaa| yoM to mahAvIrako saMsArakA prakhara jAna thaa| unakI zAzvata sAdhanA aneka janmoMko thI aura ve apane isa antima par3AvameM sampUrNa carAcara jagatakI ananta paryAyoMka zAtA-draSTA bananeko ussuka the| ___ yovanake Anepara bhI unake jIvana meM koI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA ghaTita nahIM huI / atta: ghaTanAoMke ghaTATopameM unake vyaktitvakI talAza karanA vyartha hai / agaNita bhavoMmeM tAruNyake Ate hI aneka ghaTanAeM ghaTita huI thI, para ve sabhI pIche chUTa gayI thii| aba to ve usa pathake netA the, jahAM unheM pahaMcanA thA, jo unheM spaSTa dikhalAyI par3atA thaa| ___isameM sandeha nahIM ki yuvAvasthAmeM vyaktitvako parivartita karanevAlI ghaTanAeM ghaTatI haiM aura ghaTanAoMkA AkAra-prakAra vaisA hI hotA hai, jaisI hamArI vAsanA aura AkAMkSA | hama pratyeka yuvakase lolA-priya honekI AzA karate haiN| ghaTanAoM aura sanda ko unake jIvana ke sAtha jor3anA cAhate haiN| hamAre apane saMkalpa-vikalpa aura vicAra-vAsanAe~ taruNoMke jIvanameM ghaTanAoMkA sRjana karatI haiM / hama apane vicAroMkI pratinAyA hI yuvakoMke jIvana meM dekhanA cAhate haiM / yuvAkI svAbhAvika aura prakhara kAnti hameM sandarbha-kalpanAke liye prerita karatI hai| yuvAvasthAke rahanepara bhI mahAvIrakA vyaktisva eka ora jahAM puSpakI taraha komala aura surabhita pA, vahA~ dUsarI ora agnikI taraha jAjvalyamAn bhI thaa| unake vyaktitva meM candramAke samAna zItalatA aura sUryaka samAna prakharatAkA samAveza thA / vaha gajakI taraha baliSTha the, to vRSabhakI taraha karmaTha bhI / unakA parAkrama siMhake samAna niHzaMka thaa| 118 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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mahAvIrake vyaktisvameM mAgarake samAna gambhIratA aura himAlayake samAna uttuGgasA vidyamAna thI / mAnameM prakharatA aura karuNAmeM komalatA prAdurbhUta ho rahI thii| zAnti aura krAntikA ekatra samavAya duSTigocara ho rahA thaa| unhoMne sampUrNa sRSTike sAtha ekAtmakatA aura samarasatAjhA anubhava phiyA / yuvAvasthAke rahanepara bhI unakA jIvana khulI pustaka thA aura AkAzake samAna svaccha aura nirmala thaa| unake tAruNya aura bhAsvara lAvaNyane jana-janakA mana moha liyA thaa| unake divya dehako dekhakara malina mana bhI pavitra ho uThatA thaa| ananta zaktiyoMkA vikAsa dinoMdina hone lagA thaa| ve sAmAjika krAntike kSetrameM eka nayA adhyAya jor3anA cAhate the| unakA hRdaya viplavase bharA huA thA | anyAya aura anItikI rAha calatA huA saMsAra unheM khaTakatA thA / ve zoSitoM, pIr3itoM aura saMtaptoMke bIca alakha jagAnA cAhate the| janasAmAnyakI daridratA aura jar3atAne unake hRdayako jhakajhora diyA thaa| ve vizvako saha-astitvake mahAn sandezakI ora le jAnA cAhate the| jamatAkA AhvAna nirIha pazuoMkA hAhAkAra unakI cetanA aura saMvedanAko Amatrita kara rahA thaa| digbhramita vizvako ve spaSTataH dizA-nirdeza karanA cAhate the / ve vigata teIsa tIrthaMkaroMke dhuMdhale pada-ciloMko spaSTatA aura gambhIratA denA cAhate the| dharma-darzanakI paramparAoMpara jamI huI rUr3hiyoMkI rAkhako sAphakara apanI sAdhanAse use nirdhUma agnikA rUpa denA cAhate the| nArIkA karuNa-krandana aura dalita vargako saMvedanAeM unake hRdayako AloDita kara rahI thiiN| AdhyAtmikatAkI krAnti sazakta bhUmikA taiyAra kara rahI thii| moha, mAyA, mamatA aura asmitApara vijaya prApta karane ke liye unakA yauyana uttAla taraMgeM le rahA thaa| tapa, tyAga aura saMyama dvArA ve lokake locana-kapAToko kholanA cAhate the| jagatke anivArya kolAhalameM bhI unheM AtmAkA saMgIta sunAyI par3a rahA thA / jaMjAloMmeM bhI ve prAJjala bane hue the| yuvA mahAvIra vaizAlIke bAla-sarasvatI bane hue the| unake darzana-mAtrase janatAke antarnayana udghATita ho jAte the / vaya aura vilakSaNa manISAko dekha loga Azcaryacakita the / yauvanameM dhana-sampatti aura avivekatAke sthAnapara mahAvIrameM tyAga, viveka aura saMyamakA prAdurbhAva ho gayA thaa| yauvanakI amAvAsyA saMyamake kAraNa pUNimA bana cukI thii| na unake manameM kroSa thA, na AkulatA aura na kisI prakArakA bhaya yA AtaMka hI thaa| unakI saralatA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 119

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aura svAbhAvikatA jana-janake liye bandanIya thii| asaeva ve vizva-kalyANake hetu apanA sarvasva tyAga karaneke liye prastuta the| mAtAko mamatA mAtA trizalA mahAvIrake advitIya aura alaukika zarIrake tAruNya aura lAvaNyako dekhakara lAkha-lAkha manase unapara balihArI ho jaatii| vaha mana ho mana socatI, kA hochA holA, pati mahA dorA vidAha ho jAtA aura rAjabhavana meM badhukA praveza hotaa| mAtAkA mana bahake saundaryako kalpanAse ullasita hone lgaa| vaha beTeke bhAvI sukhako kalpanA kara Anandita hI nahIM hotI, apitu kucha kSaNake liye unmatta ho nRtya bhI karane lgtii| trizalAkI mamatAkA ekamAtra AdhAra mahAvIra thaa| vaha apanI samasta AkAMkSAoMko mahAvIrake abhyudaya dvArA hI pUrNa karanA cAhatI thI / vaha apane lAr3aleko sukhabhogoMke bIca dekhakara atyanta AGgadita hotI thiiN| usakI kAmanA thI ki vaha dhUla-dhUsarita pautrako godameM khilAkara Anandita ho| trizalAne apanI yaha AkAMkSA mahArAja siddhArthake samakSa prastuta kii| siddhArthane mahArAnIke prastAvakA samarthana kiyaa| maMtriyoMne bhI mahArAja siddhArthakA anumodana kiyA / phalataH yogya kumArIse vivAha-sambandha sthira karaneke liye rAtadUta daur3Aye gye| bar3e-bar3e rAjA-mahArAjA apanI-apanI rAjakumAriyoMkA pANigrahaNa-sambandha mahAborase karaneke liye lAlAyita the| vivAha prastAva mahAvIrakI janmagA~Thake avasarapara kaliMga dezake mahArAja jitazatru apane rAja-zivira sahita kuNDagrAmameM pdhaare| inakI SoDasI kanyA yazodA anupama sundarI thii| AkAza aura dharatI bhI usake saundaryakA varNana karate the| yazodAkI AzutoSa chavi kaliMgakA gaurava tho| mAMsalapuTa deha, suvarNacampaka-tulya varNa, ziroSasama mRdula gAta, vizAla netra, pUrNendu-tulya mukha, kokilakaMThI aura mRganayanI rAjakumArI yazodAne mahArAja siddhArtha aura mahArAnI trizalAke manako jIta liyA / mahArAja siddhArtha aura rAnI trizalA rAjakumArI yazodAko apanI putravadhU banAneke liye atyanta uskaNThita the| siddhArthane mahArAnI vizala.se 1. yazodayAyAM sutayA yazodayA pavitrayA pIravivAhamaGgalam / anekakAyAparivArayAruhassabhIkSituM tuGgamamorathaM sadA / / -harivaMza purANa 6618. 120 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kahA-devi ! vivAha karaneke pUrva rAjakumAra mahAvIrase bhI sahamati prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| ataH vivAha-sambandhI taiyAriyAM karaneke sAtha mahAvIrase mahamati lenA anucita nahIM hogaa| nagarameM maMgalavAdya bajane lge| samasta rAjabhavana maMgala-gItoMse mukharita ho utthaa| sabhI ora nRtya-gItake sumadhura Ayojana hone lage / mahAvIra ina sabase anabhinna the| unheM isakA patA bhI nahIM thaa| Akhira eka dina avasara pAkara mAtA trizalAne rAjakumAra mahAvIrase vivAhakI carcA ko-"beTA ! kaliMganareza jitazatrukI putrI yazodA atyanta rUpavatI hai| maiM use apanI putravadhU banAnA cAhatI hU~ / isa sambandhameM tumhArA kyA abhimata hai ?" mahAvIra mAtAke pyAra-bhare vacanoMko sunakara mauna raha gye| unhoMne kucha uttara na diyaa| mAtA trizalA kumArake sirapara hAtha pheratI huI, pucakAratI huI aura pyAra karatI huI punaH bolI-"lADale ! jaldI batAo, maiM tumhArI sahamati cAhatI huuN| aba merI yahI abhilASA hai | Aja taka tumane merI sabhI icchAoMkA Adara kiyA hai / aba mujhe nirAza nahIM kroge|" rAjakumAra mahAvIrane arthapUrNa dRSTise mAMkI ora dekhakara kahA-"mujhe duHkha hai mA~, tumhArI yaha icchA pUrNa na ho skegii| maiM vivAha bandhanameM phaMsakara parivArakI paridhimeM Abaddha nahIM honA cAhatA / Aja sAmAjika jIvana meM Arthika viSamatA, vargabheda, ghRNA, glAni bar3hatI jA rahI hai / eka ora sAmAnya suvidhA-vihIna baha janatA hai, jise dAsa yA dalita varga kahA jAtA hai aura dUsarI ora vaha samAja hai, jo aizvarya evaM prabhutAke madameM samAjakI isa bar3I ikAIko apanese pRthak kara cukA hai / yaha prabhusattA-sampanna varga janasAmAnyakA zoSaNa aura durupayoga bhI karatA hai / Aja dAsa-dAsiyoMke rUpameM naranAriyoMkA kraya-vikraya ho rahA hai| isa prakAra sArA samAja asta-vyasta aura vizRMkhalita hai| ataeva maiM vivAha bandhanameM na baMdhakara satyakA anusandhAna karUMgA aura jIvanakI zreStAoMkA varaNa kruuNgaa|" rAjamAtA trizalA Azcaryacakita ho karuNa svarameM bola uThI-'putra! vivAha na karoge ? kyA maiM pautrake mukha-darzanase vaMcita raha jAUMgI? mAtAkA mAtRtva pautrakI prAptipara hI pUrNa hotA hai|" rAjakumAra mahAvIra-"mA~ ! maiMne loka aura AtmakalyANakA mahAprata liyA hai 1 dekha rahI ho, Aja cAroM ora adharma aura ajJAnakA andhakAra vyApta hai| cAroM borase pApakA dhuoM nikala rahA hai| bali diye jAnevAle pazuoMkI tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 121

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karuNa cItkArase dizAeM kampita ho rahI haiN| mAM! maiM andhakArako prakAzameM badalanA cAhatA hai aura sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika krAnti utpanna kara samAjako mArga-darzana karAnA cAhatA huuN| meM jIvanake nirmala lakSyako chor3akara viSaye. cchAoMmeM ulajhanA nahIM caahtaa| sAdhanAmeM sabase bar3A bAdhaka parigraha hai aura yaha parigraha pArivArika sambandhoMse prApta hotA hai / isakA sarvathA tyAga karanA anivArya hai| vivAha jovanakI paridhiko saMkIrNa kara detA hai| ata: isakA tyAga to Avazyaka ho nahI, anivArya hai|" __ "jIvanakI bhUloM aura andhakArake bIca prakAzamAna satyako dekhanA hI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai / ata: meM satyake anusandhAnameM pravRtta honekA prayAsa kruuNgaa|" "satya prasannatAkA janaka hai| yaha sabhyatAkA utpAdaka hai aura yahI jIvanako zreSTha evaM pavitra banAtA hai| sabase UMcI mahattvAkAMkSA jo kisIko bhI ho sakatI hai, vaha satya jJAnako hai| satya hI vyaktiko paropakAra karanekA adhikase adhika sAmarthya detA hai| yahI talavAra bhI hai aura dAla bhI hai| yaha AtmAkA pavitra prakAra hai : mAnada khona tArane kiyA hai, yati milatA hai aura milatA hai anubhavase / " rAjamAtA trizalA mahAvIrake uparyukta kathanako sunakara stabdha ho gyiiN| baha socatI thIM ki putrakA vivAha kruugii| rAjabhavana meM putravadhU lAkara maMgalagItoMse use mukharita kara dUMgo / phUla jesI sukumArI putrayadhU jaba rASa-prAMgaNameM vicaraNa karegI, to mere sabhI svapna sAkAra ho jaayeNge| mahAvIrane to eka hI jhaTake meM mere samasta svapnoMke bhavya bhavanako dhUlisAt kara diyaa| ataH vaha punaH sAhasa ekatra kara kaha uThI-"beTe ! tuma lokakalyANameM pravRtta hoge, adharma aura ajJAnake andhakArako dUra karoge, para isa rAjyakA kyA hogA? ise kauna samhAlegA ?" ____ mahAvIrane saMyata svarameM uttara diyA-"mA~! sabhI vastueM naSTa honevAlI haiN| jo naSTa honevAlI vastueM haiM, unakI hameM cintA nahIM karanI cAhiye / hameM so zAzvata satyako prApta karanA hai aura isI upalabdha satya dvArA samAjako vyavasthita karanA hai| yaha jIvanase palAyana nahIM hai, apitu vAstavika jIvanake sAtha samajhautA karanA hai|" mAtAkA AzIrvAda mAtA trizalA sAdhAraNa mAtA nahIM thiiN| yadi mahAvIra advitIya putra the, 122 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya paramparA

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to vaha bhI advitIya mAtRpadapara pratiSThita thiiN| unhoMne tIrthakarako janma dekara mahAn gaurava nitA thA: lilAme meM gAI sA, , zraddhA thI aura jana-kalyANakI bhAvanA thii| vaha apane putrako praNaya-sUtrameM avazya bAMdhanA cAhatI thI, para yaha nahIM cAhatI thI ki mahAvIra jIvanake sacce padako chor3a deN| ataH jaba usane mahAvIrake manameM vivAhake prati virakti dekhI, to vaha mona ho gyii| usane anubhava kiyA ki mahAvIrakA kathana yathArtha hai / ____ vartamAna samAja dhanake Age jhukanA aura ghuTane TekanA jAnatA hai / Aja dhanase zakti, sammAna, pratiSThA prApta ho rahI hai / ataH jabataka samAjameM satya, nyAya aura vivekakI pratiSThA nahIM hogI; tabataka samAja Atma-nirbhara nahIM ho sakatA hai| rAjakumAra mahAvIra satya-anusandhAnake hetu yadi vivAha nahIM karate haiM, so kucha bhI anucita nahIM hai / mahAvIrakA anucintana ____mahAvIrake hRdayameM aneka anubhUtiyAM bar3I tIvratAse jAgRta hone lgiiN| ve socane lage ki "kahIM maiM purake karttavyase cyuta to nahIM ho rahA huuN| mAtApitAko AjJA svIkAra karanA merA Avazyaka kartavya hai, para maiM AdhyAtmika pathakA pathika huuN| mujhe saMyamakA pAtheya cAhiye / pisAkA hRdaya mamatAkA atala samudra hai, aura mAke vAtsalyakA anta nahIM hai / para ye saba vyAmoha haiN| mohake pariNAma haiN| mokSa aura moha do paraspara virodhI tathya haiN| inameMse kisI ekakA hI cayana karanA hogaa| moha bandhana hai, tyAga mukti hai| mujhe mukti prApta karanI hai| asa: maiM vivAhake kIcar3ameM kyoM phaMsU ? yadi maiM banvanameM phaMsa gayA, so isa vikaTa paristhitimeM muktikA pravartana kauna karegA? maiM kAma, vAsanA, hiMsA, ajJAna, asatya, parAdhInatA aura ADambarake durbhAgyapUrNa anubandhapara netra bandakara hastAkSara nahIM kara skuuNgaa| AditIrthaMkara RSabhadevase lekara 23 veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha takako udAtta paramparA mere samakSa hai| mujha eka vaijJAnikake samAna satyakA anusandhAna kara kucha naye adhyAya jor3ane haiM / AtmAkI svataMtratA upalabdha karanI hai aura vAsanAkI dAsatAse unmukta honA hai| saMsArakA yaha vaibhava kaba kisakA haA hai ? yaha saba kucha kSaNa-dhvaMsI hai| megha-paTalake samAna kSaNabharameM vilIna honevAlA hai|" "Aja vyApaka rUpameM prANiyoMkA badha ho rahA hai / samAjameM vikRtiyA~ bar3hatI jA rahI haiM / svArthane dhamaMkI pAvanatA ko skhaNDita kara diyA hai| cAroM ora kapaTa aura mAyAcAra panapa rahe haiM / manuSya-manuSyakA zoSaNa kara rahA hai / hiMsA, tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 123

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jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigraha, ajJAna, bhrama, durAcAra, avizvAsa aura ADambarako vRddhi hotI jA rahI hai| yajJoMmeM niraparAdha jovita pazuoMko jhoMkA jA rahA hai aura unake duHsaha cItkArase mAnavatA AkrAnta ho rahI hai / ataH merA katrtavya mujhe Atma-sAdhanAko ora prerita kara rahA hai|" pariNaya-bandhanase spaSTa inakAra ___ mahAvIrake anucintanane unake vicAroMko paripuSTa kiyA aura unhoMne spaSTa rUpameM kaliMga-nareza jitazatrukI anindya sundarI kanyA yazodAke sAtha vivAha karanese inakAra kara diyA aura ghoSita kiyA ki meM Ajanma brahmacArI rahakara satyajJAna prApta karUMgA aura usakA Aloka jana-jana taka pahuMcAU~gA / mujhe samAjake vizAla bhavanako nIMvako dRr3ha karanA hai| mujhe devatAoMke mandira nahIM banAnA hai apitu jana-janake mAnasa-mandirako susaMskRta karanA hai / mAnavazaktike hote hae apavyayako rokanA hai| pratyeka bar3a-cetanakA apanA svataMtra astitva hai| kisIkA kisIpara adhikAra nahIM hai| sabhI padArtha apane pariNAmI svabhAvake anusAra utpAda-vyaya prauvyakI prakriyA dvArA parivartita hote haiN| mahAvIrakA hRdaya AdhyAtmika krAntike viplavase bhara gayA aura ve socane lage ki saMsAra meM koI kisIkA nahIM hai| sabhI AtmAe~ svatantra rUpase kartA aura bhoktA haiM / jo jaisA karatA hai, use vaisA phala milatA hai / phala denevAlA koI anya vyakti nahIM hai| ata: ve apane mAtA-pitAse Arama-nivedana karane lage "pUjyavara ! maiM ApakA putra haiM, kintu Apa hI batalAiye ki isa saMsArameM kauna kisakA hai ? saMsArakA pratyeka padArtha kSaNabhaMgura hai| jIvana anitya hai, duHkhamaya hai / isa carama satyase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmA amara aura zAzvata hai| parivartana to jagatakA zAzvata niyama hai| yaha cetana aura acetana donoMmeM hI hotA hai, para itanI bAta avazya hai ki jar3ameM parivartanako pratIpti zIna ho jAtI hai, jabaki cetanagata parivartanako pratIti zIca nahIM ho pAtI hai| yadi cetanameM parivartana na hotA, to AtmAkA duHkhIse sukhI honA aura azuddhase zuddha honA yaha kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ? jIvana aura jagata meM pratikSaNa parivartana ho rahA hai, yaha carama satya hai / " / ___ "zarIra anitya hai| dhana aura vaibhava bhI zAzvata nahIM hai| mRtyu sadA sirapara nAcatI rahatI hai / na jAne kisa kSaNa zvAMsa banda ho jaaygii| jisa dina bAlaka janma grahaNa karatA hai, usI dinase usake pIche mRtyu laga jAtI hai / " 124 : tIrthakara mahAbIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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"jisa zarIrapara manuSya abhimAna karatA hai, vaha zarIra bhI vividha prakArake rogoMse AkrAnta hai / krIr3AoM aura vyathAoMkA bhANDAra hai / na jAne kaba aura kisa samaya kahA~para usameMse roga phUTa pdd'eNge| ataeva mujhe aise lakSya taka pahu~canA hai, jahAM vaiSamyakA prazna nahIM / sabakucha samatvake vAtAvaraNameM spandita hai|" ___"maiM zoSita, pIr3ita aura santaptoMke madhya bhogarata jIvana-yApana karanA aparAdha mAnatA hU~ | pitAjI ! kyA isa vyApaka daridratA aura jar3atAke rahate hue, mujhe samaliyoMke bIca vilAsa-magna honekA adhikAra hai ? maiM isa martyajIvanase amatatvako prApta karanA cAhatA huuN| yaha amatatva hI Atmatattva hai| avinAzI hai, nitya hai aura zAzvata hai| yaha AsmA jJAna, darzana, cAritramaya hai / Aloka yA prakAza-puJja hai / " / "mere jIvanakA lakSya saMsArako zAnti pradAna karanA hai| maiM ina bhUle aura bhaTake hue prANiyoMko sammAna pravRtta karanA cAhatA hUM : ahiMsA, satya aura acaurya Adike dvArA mAnavameM mAnavatAkI pratiSThA karanA cAhatA hU~ | ataeva ApakA bhavya AzIrvAda mero sAdhanAke pathako Alokita kregaa|" mahArAja siddhArtha mahAvIrake vicAroMko sunakara pulakita ho uThe / unakA pitRtva dhanya ho gayA / ve bAlyakAla se hI mahAvIrakara sammAna karate the aura unameM pUrNa vyaktitvakA darzana karanA cAhate the| unheM vizvAsa ho gayA ki mahAvIra avivAhita rahakara hI vizvakA kalyANa kreNge| unakA kAryakSetra parivAra aura vaizAlI-gaNatantra taka hI sImita nahIM rahegA, apitu ve pUre vizvako apane Alokase Alokita kreNge| ataeva unhoMne mahAvIrako unake ucca vicAroMpara mauna svIkRti pradAna kii| siddhArthakA pitRtva bhAvI tIrthakaratvase parAjita huA / mAsAko vibalatA putrako virakta avagata kara siddhArthane to kisI prakAra dhairya dhAraNa kiyA, para mAtAkI vihvalatA abhI bhI jyoM-kI-tyoM akSuNNa thii| mAtAko AzA thI ki mahAvIra abhI vivAhake pakSameM bhale hI na hoM, para Age vaha merA Agraha svIkAra kara legA ! mAtAke vAtsalyako ThukarAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataeva trizalA hRdayakA sAhasa ekatra kara putrake vicAra-parivartanakI pratIkSA karane lgii| vaha putra-pariNayake dRzyakA kAlpanika Ananda letI huI romAMcita hone lgii| vaha socatI-mahAvIra vayamai kama, paraMtu prajJA aura pratibhAmeM jyeSTha hai / una tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 125

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jaisA samajhadAra putra kisI saubhAgyavatI mAtAko hI prApta hotA hai| abhI to mahAvIrakA mana kaccA hai, samaya Ane para use badalanA sambhava hai| mAtA trizalAne ekAnta dekhakara ekAdha bAra apane putrase premapUrvaka pANigrahaNa karanekA anurodha bhI kiyA, para mahAvIrakA dRr3ha saMkalpa jyoM-kA-tyoM banA rahA / unhoMne apanI snehamayI mAtAko samajhAyA aura batalAyA ki isa samaya assa natAkI rakSA mAnA jAtA hai| mahAvIrake cintanako jJAta kara mAtA trizalAko bhI yaha nizcaya hone lagA ki mahAvIra apane saMkalpapara aDiga rahegA aura yaha sAMsArika bandhanameM na baMdhakara svantra rUpase jana-krAnti kregaa| saMsArako koI bhI moha-mAyA inheM bA~dha nahIM sakatI hai / yaha to vargahIna samAjako sthApanA kara Atma-svAtantrya lAbha kregaa| ataeva putra vivAha na bhI kare, to bhI merI A~khoMke samakSa banA rahe yahI mere liye bahuta hai / yauvana aura gRha-nivAsa tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA janma aizvarya pUrNa parivezameM huA thA aura unake cAroM ora parivAra evaM vaizAlI gaNatantrakI samRddhi vyApta thI / yuvAvasthAke prApta honepara unhoMne vivAha na karanekA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA evaM unake hRdayameM virAgakA aMkura pallavita huA / bhogase yogakI aura unakI pravRtti bar3hane lgii| yata: atisamRddhi se ho tyAgakI pravRtti janma letI hai| gahare rAgameM virAga panapatA hai 1 rAjabhavana meM nartakiyoMke paga-nUpurakI jhaMkAra sunAyI par3atI, paricAraka icchA vyakta honeke pahale hI bhoga-sAmagriyA~ prastuta kara dete / uttarottara bhogake sAdhana bar3ha rahe the| ___ paMcendriyoMke ramaNIya sukha pUrNarUpeNa samaveta the| na azana-vasanakI kamI thI aura na bhoga-sAmagrIkA hI abhAva thaa| mahAvIra prAtaHkAla vyAyAma Adise nivRta ho ekAnta cintanameM samaya yApana karate / ramaNIyAharitavasanA vasundharA mahAvIrake manako prasanna krtii| vaizAloke janapadameM aisA eka bhI vyakti nahIM thA, jo mahAvIrakA sammAna na karatA ho| ve sabhIkI aukhoMke tArA the / kAJcana varNa aura gambhIra mukhamudrAko dekhakara jana-jana unake caraNoM meM natamastaka ho jAte the / jaba mahAvIra nagara-paribhramaNake liye nikalate to paurAGganAeM gavAkSoMse ekaTaka dRSTise dekhA karatI thIM / rAjakumAra mahAvIrako sabhI bhoga-sAmagriyA~ pracura rUpameM upalabdha thiiN| bar3e bar3e sAmanta aura mukuTadhArI nRpatigaNa unake caraNoMkI vandanA karate the| ve apanI kaThinAiyAM unheM nivedita karate aura vicakSaNabuddhi mahAbIrase apanI 126 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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samasyAoMkA samAdhAna prApta karate / rAjA siddhArthaM mahAvIrake bar3hate hue isa prabhAvako dekhakara atyanta pulakita the / ve putrakI samRddhiko avalokita kara sunahale svapna saMjote aura vicAra karate ki mahAvIrakA janma dezakI janatAko dAsatAke bandhanoM se mukti dilAneke liye huA hai| vAstavameM maiM dhanya hU~, jisake gharameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane janma liyA hai| yaha vizvakA dharma- netA banegA aura samasta vyavadhAna, amaMgala aura moha bandhanoM ko zithila karegA / mahAvIrako saba kucha sahaja aura sulabha thaa| bar3I-bar3I lAvaNyavatI vArAGganAeM apane nRtya, cAdya aura saMgIta dvArA unakA manoraMjana karato thIM, para mahAvIrakA citta inase alaga thA / unakA mana bhava-sAgarake usa taTapara carama zaktikA anveSaNa karatA thaa| ve mokSa- sAdhanake liye taiyAriyA~ kara rahe the| apanI isa sAdhanA ke samakSa unheM sAMsArika sukha akiMcana pratIta hote the| unake antaHkaraNako rAjasI vilAsa eka kSaNa bhI nahIM rucatA thA / ve apane pUrva bhavakA smaraNa karate hue kabhI socane lagate cintanadhArA - "Aja jina vinazvara aizvayoMke bIca maiM hU~, unase kaI gunA adhika vaibhava bhoga cukA huuN| mujhe agaNita devAGganAoMkA sukha milA, icchAnusAra amRtako prApti huI, para tRptikA anubhava kabhI nahIM huA / sAMsArika samasta bhogopabhoga tyAga - sukhakI tulanA meM nagaNya hai| aba saMyama aura tyAgakA avasara upasthita huA hai / ataH mujhe Atma-zuddhikI dizA meM pragati karanI hai| moha, mAyA, mamatA aura asmitA para vijaya prApta karanI hai / ahaMtAke paMkase Upara uThakara jIvanako nirmala banAnA hai / mujhe una dinoMko smRti bhA rahI hai, jaba maiM 'pururavA bhIlako paryAya meM dhanuSa-bANa lekara AkheTa kiyA karatA thA / una dinoM muni sAgarasenane mujhe upadeza diyA thA, usakI Aja bhI smRti banI huI hai / jaTila - paryAyameM midhyAzAstra par3hakara maiMne jina bhogoMkA AsvAdana kiyA thA aura merI Asaktike kAraNa mujhe jo nara-nArakAdi paryAyeM prApta huI thIM, unakI smRti - rekhA abhI bhI aMkita hai / vizvanandIkI paryAyameM mere dvArA kiye gaye parAkramapUrNa kArya evaM viraka hotI gayo sAghanAkI smRti akSuNNa hai / tripRSThanArAyaNako paryAyameM maiMne saMgIta, citra, nRtya Adi vibhinna kalAoM dvArA jo manoraMjana kiyA thA, usakI bhI smRti mUlI nahIM hai| isa prakAra maiMne vigata aneka bhavoMmeM apAra vaibhavakA bhoga kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki isa bhoga-paramparAse Atma-sAdhanA kI upalabdhi sambhava nahIM hai| vItarAgattAkI prApti tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 127

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bar3I kaThinAI hotI hai AtmAnubhUti sahaja nahIM hai / AtmAko vikAroMse bacAne kI AvazyakatA hai| rAga-dveSake vAtAvaraNase bAhara nikala kara ekabAra jo zvAMsa liyA ki usakI sugandha svayameva sarvazaktimAnakI anubhUti utpanna karA degii| suSupta Atmazaktike jAgRta honepara vikArarUpI zatruoMkA kahIM patA-ThikAnA bhI nahIM rahatA / jIvanameM eka nagI camaka A jAtI hai. nayA mor3a utpanna ho jAtA hai aura sacce Anandako upalabdhi hotI hai / pUrNatA ke abhAva meM sarvazaktiyoM kA udaya nahIM ho pAtA / | mahAvIra jyoM-jyoM vayakI sIr3hiyoMpara car3hate gaye, tyoM-tyoM bhogAsacike sthAnapara virakti-bhAvanA vRddhiMgata hotI gyii| jisa yauvanAvasthA meM sAMsArika prANI viSaya aura bhogoMke prati AkRSTa hote haiM aura kSaNika sukhake liye apane jIvanako arpita kara dete haiM, usI yovanAvasthAmeM mahAvIra pUrNarUpase viraki prApta karane lage / tIsa varSakI avasthA taka vaha gRhastha jIvanameM rahe, para unakA mana eka kSaNa bhI parivAra, gRha aura bhogoMmeM Asakta na ho sakA / unake manameM kaI bAra tUphAna uThA ki vaha gRhastha jIvana ke bandhanoMko tor3akara apanI lakSyasiddhike liye nikala pdd'e| para kisI na kisI kAraNavaza unheM ruka jAnA par3A / vastutaH sAdhanAko upalabdhi sahajameM nahIM hotI hai| jabataka kAlalabdhi upalabdha nahIM hotI, tabataka cAhanepara bhI sAdhanA-patha nahIM mila pAtA hai / mahAvIrameM adbhuta zUratA aura vIratA thI / prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki loga sanyAsa lene ke liye ghara-dvAra chor3ate haiN| para gharake boca rahakara indriyasukha aura moha-mamatA se saMgharSa karanA sAdhAraNa bAta nahIM hai| roga, duHkha, pApAcAra, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura ahaMkAra aise sAdhana haiM, jo vyaktiko eka sAmAnya parivezameM banda karake rakhate haiN| mahAvIrako vaizAlI meM sabhI sAMsArika sukhasuvidhAe~ prApta thIM, para unakA mana sadA virakta rahatA thA / ataH vaizAlIke sukhasAdhana unheM adhika dinoM taka apane bIca roka na ske| unheM rAjya, bhavana, sukha-sampadA, kuTumba evaM bandhuvarga Adi sabhI bandhana pratIta ho rahe the / ve ina bandhanoMse Upara uThakara svayaM buddha bananekA prayAsa kara rahe the / ve apane jIvanapravAhako nayI dizAmeM parivartita kara sAdhaka bananA cAhate the / gRha-vAsa karate hue bhI ve saMsAra se virakta the| aba unake antastalameM vairAgyako uttAla taraMge uTha rahI thiiN| purajana-parijana ina taraMgoMko zAnta karanA cAhate the, para mahAvIrake saMkalpako parivartita karane kI kSamatA kisI meM nahIM thI / tapa, tyAga, saMyama aura jJAnake akSaya padako prApta karaneke liye mahAvIra prayatnazIla the / 128 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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yugakI pukAra __ mahAvIrakA yuga eka krAntikArI yuga-draSTA vyaktiko pukAra rahA thaa| cAroM ora "trAhi mAm, trAhi mAm ko dhvani gUMja rahI thii| yajJoMke dhUma, pazuoMke karuNa cItkAra, nArIpara kiye jAnevAle jora-julma evaM zUdra aura dalitoMpara kiye gaye atyAcAra jora-jorase pukAra rahe the ki koI eka AdhyAsmika krAntikArI mahAna prabhAvazAlI vyakti upasthita ho aura saMsArake anyAya evaM anItikA virodha kare / vAstavameM isa samaya yugakA AhvAna na sunanA mAnavatAkI avahelanA karanA thaa| yuga saMyama aura tyAgakI ora TakaTakI lagAye dekha rahA thaa| ataH loka-kalyANake liye dRr3ha saMkalpa grahaNa karanA Avazyaka thaa| duHkhI saMsAra A~kheM kholakara kisI mahAn vyaktiko pratIkSA kara rahA thaa| cAroM ora aneka tarahakI pratikriyAeM abhivyakta ho rahI thiiN| pratyeka varga aura pratyeka vyakti apane-apane DhaMgase apanI-apanI pratikriyA abhivyakta kara rahA thA / dIrghakAlase calI AyI sArvadezika viSamatAko dUra karane ke liye mahAvIrakI khoja thI / janakalyANakA mArga sabhI nahIM prAptakara sakate haiN| isake prApta karanevAle to koI ekAdha vyakti hI hote haiM / ataH mahAvIrane vairAgya grahaNa karanekA saMkalpa liyaa| yugako pukAra unhoMne sunI aura ve yuganirmANake kAryameM pravRtta hue / macala uThA trizAlAkA mAtRtva trizalAne jaba mahAvIrakI AdhyAtmika jAgRtikA saMvAda sunA to unakA mAtRtva macala utthaa| mamatA utAvalI ho uThI aura usake manaHprANa zUnya ho gye| vaha socane lagI-"rAjasI vaibhavameM palA merA lAilA bIhar3a vanapavaMtoMmeM kisa prakAra vicaraNa karegA? grISmake kar3e santApako kaise sahana karegA? jisane Ajataka makhamalako chor3akara naMgI bhUmipara caraNa bhI nahIM rakhA, vaha kaMTakAkIrNa bhUmimeM kisa prakAra gamana karegA ? zIta-Rtu meM saritAtaToMpara kaise vicaraNa karegA? jaba mUsalAdhAra varSA hogI, taba vaha kisa prakAra khule AkAzameM sAdhanA kara sakegA ? kahA~ to mere putrakI sukumAratA aura komalatA: aura kahA~ kaMkarIlI kaThora gharatI? tapta zilAkhaNDoMpara baiThakara Atmacintana karanA, kyA sukumAra mahAvIrase saMbhava hogA? hAthiyoMkI ciMghAr3a, siMhoMkI garjanA evaM soMke utkaTa phatkAroMko yaha kaise sahana kara sakegA? merA hRdaya AzaMkAse dahala rahA hai aura merA roma-roma kaoNpa rahA hai|" mAtA trizalAkI vicAradhArA aura tIvatAse Age bddh'ii| vaha cintana karane lago ki "jisake sukomala.pagataloMmeM prakRtine svayaM mahAvara lagAyA hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 129

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jisa lAr3alene svapna meM bhI saMgharSa nahIM kiyA hai, vaha ina viSama paristhitiyoM se jajhegA ? rAjasI komala zeyyApara zayana karanevAlA merA putra kaThora caTTAnapara kisa prakAra zayana karegA ? kahA~ bIhar3a vana aura kahA~ sukha-suvidhAsampanna rAjabhavana | Ajataka maiM jisake mukhako nihArakara pulakita hotI rahI aura isI AzA meM jIvita rahI ki merA pyArA putra mahAvIra merI manokAmanA pUrNa kara mere jIvanako saphala kregaa| aba usake saMnyAsI bana jAnepara maiM jIvanako nIrasa ghar3iyoMko kisa prakAra vittAU~gI ? meM putrake viyogako eka kSaNake liye bhI sahana karane meM asamartha hU~ / yaha. meM mAnatI hU~ ki mahAvIrapara merA utanA hI adhikAra hai, jitanA koTi-koTi mAnavakA / mahAvIra merA hI putra nahIM hai, vaha jana-janakA pyArA lAr3alA hai / " mAtA trizalAke socanekI tIvratAne use mUcchita kara diyA / paricArikAe~ jala lekara upasthita huIM aura candana - mizrita zItala jalake siMcana karate hI trizalAko mUrcchA dUra ho gaI / cetanAke lauTate hI putra vAtsalya umar3a pdd'aa| use sArA saMsAra rUkSa, karkaza aura kaThora pratIta huA / sArA dRzya marmasparzI thA / mAtA lar3akhar3AtI huI uThI aura saMta dayase mahAna ko mahAvavRr3ha saMkalpa lekara vairAgyakI ora kaTibaddha the| unake antaraMga meM vItarAgatAkI uttAla taraMgeM uTha rahI thIM aura yaha saMsAra unheM svArthI kA jalatA huA puJja dikhalAI par3a rahA thA / lokAntikoM dvArA caraNa vandana mahAvIrakI viraktiko avagata kara laukAntika deva Aye aura unhoMne prabhuke caraNoMkI vandanA karate hue stuti kI "prabho ! Apa dhanya hai aura dhanya hai ApakA amara saMkalpa | Apane jisa jIvana ke varaNakA saMkalpa kiyA hai, usase samasta lokoMkA kalyANa hogA | Apa tapa, tyAga, saMyama aura jJAnake akSayapadako prApta kreNge| sarvajJa aura hitopadezI banakara vizvakA kalyANa kreNge| hama sabhI Apake vairAgyako prazaMsA karate haiM / Apane jana-kalyANake liye jisa sAdhanA pathakA anusaraNa karanekA saMkalpa liyA hai, vaha mahanIya hai / isa samaya vizvako Apa jaise sAdhaka dharma- nesAkI AvazyakatA hai / niHsandeha mahApuruSake jIvana meM eka aisI sthiti AtI hai, jaba vaha viSaya vAsanAoM aura bhogoM se sarvathA virakta hokara yathArtha satyako prApta karane ke liye vyagra ho uThatA hai | Atma-saMyamakI ucca bhAvanAoMmeM ramaNa karanA use pyArA 130 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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lagatA hai / dhana, sampatti, rAjya, bhoga-vilAsa Adi vastueM to bAhya sAdhana haiM aura apUrNa haiM, kyoMki ve svayaM nAzavAna haiM ataeva hama Apake tyAga, saMyama aura satyAnuSThAnakI prazaMsA karane evaM Apake vairAgyakA anumodana karaneke liye yahA~ upasthita hue haiM! Apa masi bhUta aura jAnake bhArI vivekI evaM Atma-zodhaka hai / ApakI sAdhanAmeM saphalatAko tanika bhI AzaMkA nahIM hai / Apa apane saMkalpako avazya pUrA kIjiye / mAtAko sAMtvanA indrako jaba avadhijJAnase tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako viraktikA samAcAra jJAta humA, to vaha ullAsameM pagA kuNDagrAma A pahuMcA aura usane kaI prakArase harSotsavakA Ayojana kiyaa| deva vibhinna prakArake utsavoMkA Ayojana karate hue mahAvIrake vairAgyako lA karane lage / Agata devoMne mAtA trizalAko vihvala dekhA to ve mAtR-hRdayakI prazaMsA karate hue sAMtvanA ke svarameM kahane lage "jagadambe ! tIrthaMkarakI mAtA hokara Apane mahAna puNya arjita kiyA hai / ApakA putra parama tejasvI aura fareer kalyANakAraka hai | Apa itanA vilApa kyoM karatI haiM ? cintA chor3iye zota, Atapa aura varSAkA kaSTa sahana karanekA usameM apUrva sAmarthya hai| ye baccavRSabhanArAcasaMhanana se yukta haiN| dhIrajake dhanI haiM aura samasta udAtta guNoMse sampanna haiM / inheM sarvocca pada tIrthaMkaratva prApta karanA hai / yaha aisA pada hai, jisake samakSa saMsArake samasta pada aura vaibhava tuccha mAne jAte haiN| mahAvIra svayaM to mukti prApta kareMge hI, para ve anya sAdhakoMke liye bhI tIrthaMkA nirmANa karegeM / vizzrRMkhalita aura vighaTita hote hue samAjakA sthirIkaraNa bhI inhIMke dvArA sampanna hogaa| tumhArI kukSi dhanya hai / tumane eka lokoddhAraka vibhUtiko janma diyA hai| saMsAra zatAbdiyoM taka tumhAre caraNavandana karegA | devi! tumhAre samAna saubhAgyazAlI nAriyA~ kitanI haiM ? ataeva vAstavika paristhitiko jJAtakara zAnta ho jAiye " / devoMkI isa sAMtvanAprada vANIko sunakara mAtAkA mana kucha halkA huA / phirabhI putra-viyogakI kalpanA ina kSaNoMmeM bhI use vihvala banA rahI thI / use vizvAsa nahIM ho pAtA thA ki usakA lAr3alA mahAvIra vanakI una bhayAvanI sthitiyoM kA sAmanA kara sakegA ? rAjasI vAtAvaraNa meM pAlita poSita aura sambaddhita mahAvIra tapazcaryA meM honevAle kaSToMko sahana kara sakegA ? trizalAkA mAtRtva use vihvala kara rahA thaa| A~khomeM sAvana-bhAdoMke bAdala ghire hue the / mana mamatA meM uphana rahA thA aura mahAvIra dIkSA kalyANaka kI taiyArI kara rahe tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 131

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the / aba unheM eka kSaNa bhI vaizAlI meM nivAsa karanA asA pratIta ho rahA thA / devoMne vilakhate hue mAtRtvako sAMtvanA dI aura mahAvIra kI zaktiyoMkA parijJAna karAyA / caraNa cala par3a mArgazIrSa kRSNA dazamI 29 disambara I0 pU0 569 kI tithi bhAratIya itihAsameM svarNAkSaroMmeM aMkita hai / " isa dina kuNDagrAmakA rAjamArga jayaghoSoMse gU~ja rahA thA aura mahAvIra kAmanAoM evaM viSaya-vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta karane ke liye kRtasaMkalpa the| unake sAhasa aura zauryapUrNa caraNa AtmavijayakI mora bar3ha rahe the / dezoMpara vijaya prApta karanevAle to vizva ke itihAsa meM aneka mahApuruSa milate haiM, para kaSAyoM aura viSaya-vAsanAoM ko jItanevAle mahAmAnava kama hI hote haiM / mahAvIra viSaya-vAsanAoM kI kaTIlI jhAr3iyoMko kATane ke liye gatizIla the / koTi-koTi mAnava zraddhA aura vizvAsase avanata ho caraNa-sparza kara rahe the| ve mAnavako duHkhoMse trANa deneke hetu udyata the / vAstava meM indriyoMkI dAsatA aura vilAsitA durdamanIya zatru haiN| bar3e-bar3e zaktizAlI zatruoMko parAjita karanevAle aneka yoddhA hote haiN| para roga, zoka, kadAcAra aura kAma jaise antaraMga durdamanIya zatruoMko to tIrthaMkara mahAvIra jaise virale mahAmAnava hI parAjita kara sakate haiM / mahAvIra rAjya bhavana, sukha-sampadA aura kuTumba vargako tyAgakara digambaradIkSA grahaNa karaneke liye sazraddha ho gaye / samasta kuNDagrAma meM zoka aura ullAsakI lahara vyApta ho gayI / zoka isaliye ki unake prANapriya rAjakumAra unheM chor3akara jA rahe the aura ullAsa isalie ki unake zraddhApAtra mahAvIra una viSaya-vAsanAoMse yuddha karaneke lie jA rahe haiM, jinheM abataka loga ajeya, avijitaM samajhate A rahe the| eka ora janatA ke netroMse azrudhArA pravAhita ho rahI thI, to dUsarI ora janatA ke kaNThase jayanAda bhI nikala rahA thaa| harSa aura viSAda ke samAgamakA adbhuta dRzya thA / kuNDagrAma vAsiyoMne mahAvIra ke dIkSA kalyANakakI pUrI taiyArI kii| isa utsava meM deva bhI sammilita hue| samAroha meM parijana purajana aura prajAjana ekatra hue / sabane mahAvIrako vidA dii| sabhoke netra asuoM se gole ho rahe 1. maggasira bahuladasamI abarahe uttarAsu NAghavaNe / tadiyadhvaNamma gahidaM mandaM vaDamANeNa // - tilo0 pa0 4 / 667 132 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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I the / aura hRdayameM pravala AkarSaNa thA / netroMse giratI azrudhArA aura janatAkA nizchala prema bho mahAvorake caraNoMko bAMdhane meM asaphala rahA | dhanya the unake caraNa / unake una caraNoMmeM kitanI gati thI / kitano saMcaraNa-zakti thii| janatA DabaDabAI A~khoMse mahAvIrake mukhako dekhatI rahI aura mahAvIra moha-bandhanoM ko tor3akara 'candraprabhA' pAlakIpara jA baiThe / Atma-svAtantryakI belA deva aura mAnavoM ke bIca vivAda Arambha huA ki trilokInAtha mahAvIrakI isa candraprabhA pAlakI ko pahale kauna uThAyegA ? devoMne apane tarka upasthita kiye aura mAnavoMne apane tarka / mAnavoMne kahA jo mahAvIra ke sAtha dIkSita ho sakatA hai, vahI unakI isa pAlikoko apane kaMdhoM para uThAnekA adhikArI hai / saMyamagrahaNa karanemeM asamartha deva katarAne lage aura mAnava maMgalake ve kSaNa atyanta bhAgyazAlI bana gaye / AraMbha meM mAnavoMne kaMdhoMpara pAlakIko uThAyA; anantara deva-devendra pulakita ho 'candraprabhA' pAlakIko uThAye hue 'khaNDabana' kI ora bar3hane lge| ise 'nAyakhaNDavana' yA 'jJAta khaNDavana' bhI kahate haiM / vaizAlI gaNatantrane AtmasvAntryakI belAkA anubhava kiyA / tumula jayaghoSoMse gagana, gharA, didiganta gU~ja uThe ! vaizAlIse jJAtakhaNDavana taka sampUrNa pradeza jIvanta thA / AdhyAtmika jAgRtiko lahara eka chorase dUsare chora taka vyApta thI / jIvana kI samasta ujjvalatAe~ loka-kalyANake liye pravRtta thIM / pAlakI - cAhakoMne udyAnameM pahu~ca kara mahimAmaya azokavRkSake nIce pAlakIko utArakara rakha diyaa| mahAvIra pAlakIse nIce utare aura azokavRkSa ke nIce sthita maNijaTita sphaTika zilApara AsIna ho gaye aura uttara dizAkI ora mukhakara apane samasta vastrAbhUSaNoM ko tyAgakara digambara veza dhAraNa kiyA ! aba ye yathAjAta zizuveSameM dikhAI par3a rahe the| kitanA hRdayadrAvaka aura prabhAvaka yaha dRzya rahA hogA, jisameM eka rAjakumAra apane vizAla vaibhavako ThukarA kara aparigrahI virakta bana rahA ho / digbaMdhuoMne digambara mahAvIrako AratI utArI aura deva mAnavoMne dIkSA kalyANaka sampanna kiyA / mahAvIrane siddhaparameSThIko namaskAra kara paMca muSTiyoM dvArA apane rAjasI, sukomala, snigdha kezoMkA luJcana kiyA unhoMne zarIrake mohapara pUrNa virAma lagA diyA aura Atma-locana evaM Atma-zodhana meM pravRtta huye / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 133

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aTThAIsa mUlaguNoMko dhAraNa samasta bAhyAbhyantara parigrahakA tyAga kara mahAvIrane aTThAisa mUlaguNoMke pAlana karanekI mahApratijJA kii| ce jJAna-dhyAna meM lIna ho saMyama-ArAdhanAmeM saMlagna ho gaye ! mahAvIrane ( 1 ) ahiMsA, ( 2 ) satya, ( 3 ) asteya, ( 4 ) brahmacarya aura ( 5 ) aparigraha ina pAMca mahAvratoMke pAlana karanekI pratijJA kI / anaMtara unhoMne paMca-samitiyoMko svIkAra kiyA / pramAdajanya pApoMse dacane aura manako ekAgra karane ke lie samitiyoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| mahAvIra dvArA svIkRta samitiyA~ nimna prakAra haiN| -- ( 6 ) IrSyA-samiti - jIvoMkI rakSA hetu sAvadhAnIpUrvaka cAra hAtha AgekI bhUmi dekhakara calanA / (7) bhASA samiti - hita mita aura priya vacana bolanA / (8) eSaNA samiti--sAvadya rahita pavitra bhojana grahaNa karanA / (9) AdAna-nikSepasamiti - vastuoM ( sAdhu dvArA svIkArya pichI, zAstra aura kamaNDalu) ke rakhane aura uThAne meM pramAdakA tyAga kara sAvadhAnI rakhanA / (10) vyutsagaM samiti - jIva-jantu rahisa bhUmipara mala-mUtra tyAga karanA / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane pAMca mahAvrata aura pA~ca samitiyoM ke pAlana karanekA saMkalpa kara nimnAMkita guNoM-- sadvRttiyoMke pAlana karanekI bhI pratijJA kI(11) sparzana-nirodha - priya aura icchita vastuke sparzakA niSedha | (12) rasanA -nirodha - abhIpsita vastuke rasAsvAdanakA tyAga / (13) prANa-nirodha - icchita gandhake sUMghanekA niSedha ! (14) cakSu-nirodha - icchita vastuke avalokanakA tyAga / (15) zrotra-nirodha -- rAgAtmaka icchita saMgItake zravaNakA tyAga ! (16) sAmAyika - samabhAvakA pAlana | (17) caturviMzatistava - tIrthaMkaroMkA stuti - pATha / (18) vandanA -deva- guruko namaskAra / (19) pratikramaNa - doSoMkA zodhana aura prakaTIkaraNa / (20) pratyAsthAna - ayogyake tyAgakA niyamana aura vrata pAlana | (21) kAyotsarga - niyata kAlake liye dehase mamatva tyAgakara khar3e honA / (22) keza- luJcana - niyata kAlameM upavAsapUrvaka apane hAthase kezoMkA luJcana karanA - ukhAr3anA | (23) acelakatva - vastrAdi dvArA zarIrako nahIM Dha~kanA / 134 : sIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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(24) asnAna-snAna, aJjanAdikA tyAga karanA / (25) kSiti-zayana-zuddha ekAnta sthAnameM eka karavaTase zayana krnaa| (26) adanta-dhAvana-daMtauna Adi nahIM karanA / (27) sthita-bhojana-apanI aJjulimeM samapAda khar3e hokara niyamita bhojana krnaa| (28) ekamata yA eka samayakA bhojana-sUryodaya aura sUryAsta kAlameM tona ghar3I arthAt eka ghaMTA bAraha minaTa samaya chor3akara ekabAra bhojana karanA / ___ mahAvIrane sAdhuke ina aTThAisa mUlaguNoMko svIkAra kiyA aura sAdhanA dvArA apane gata Atma-vaibhavako prakAzita karanekA prayAsa kiyA / mahAbIrane jIvanako mamatAse Upara uThakara moha aura vikArakA tyAga kiyaa| yuvA yogirAT mahAvIrane digambararUpa dhAraNakara yaha batA diyA ki ve jitendriya haiM / vikAroMpara unhoMne vijaya prApta karaneke liye kamara kasa lI hai / nirmalatA aura saralatA unake roma-romameM samA gayI hai / ve himAlayake samAna dRDh-pratiza hokara upavAsameM pravRtta hue| vaha kuNDagrAmake jJAtakhaNDa udyAnase calakara kulyapura pahuMce aura vahA~ sahIne bakUla kA pUja rAjA yahA~ ma gAhAna grahaNa kiyaa| vakUla yA kUlako hI hindI-kaviyoMne 'nRpakumAra' kahA hai / varAMgacaritameM isa vakUla nAmaka nRpakumArako atyanta dharmAtmA kahA gayA hai| uttarapurANameM ise kUla batAyA gayA hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI pezanA : 135

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ONAL spaSTIkaraNa isa anya ke prathama bhAga ke SaSTha pariyoda meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tapazcaraNa, vaviAsa evaM kaivalya kA varNana karate hue leravA me likhA hai - Agama granthoM meM vadhAso 3 kA varNana prApta hotA hai| isa varNamA se mahAvIra ke mAnavIya jIvama kA ujva la pakSa ifive ho jAtA hai| yahAM Agama / anyoM se umA abhiprAya zvetAmbara sAhitya se hai yoTika i digambara sAhitya meM isa prakAra ke yama nahIM pAye khAte haiN| zrama kI saMbhAvanA ke parimArjana ke liye yaha spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| ( prakAzaka ) - -- - - paSTha pariccheda tapazcaraNa, varSAvAsa evaM kaivalya-upalabdhi antaraMga aura bahiraMga parigrahakA tyAga karate hI mahAvIrako manaHpayaMyajJAnakI prApti ho gyii| ve isa jJAnako prAptakara grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karane lge| unakI satata sAdhanA bar3hatI jA rahI thii| sote-jAgate, uTho baiThate, calate-phirate Adi sabhI avasaroMpara unakA mana cintanase virata nahIM thA / ve apane Apako sabhI orase sameTakara Atma-anubhavameM lIna ho rahe the aura sarvasvakA visarjanaphara vizva-maMgalakI kAmanAse ota-prota the| __ - grISmakI tapatI huI dupahariyAmeM khule AkAzameM agni-varSA karate hue sUryake nIce utapta pASANa-zilApara tapasyA karane baiTha jAte aura avicala bhAvase dIrghakAla taka tapasyAmeM lIna rahate / varSA-RtumeM jana dhanaghora varSA, bhayaMkara - 136 -

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tUphAna aura bAdaloMkI gar3agar3AhaTakA AtaMka vyApta rahatA thA, usa samaya ve vRkSake nIce avicala mAvase khar3e hue tapazcaryA lIna rahate the| pAroM ora harI-harI ghAsa uga aatii| tAla-salaiyAM jalase paripUrita ho jaatii| makkhI aura maccharoMkI bharamAra ho jAtI, aise samayameM bhI mahAvIra anAvRtta kAyAmeM saMyamako sAdhanAmeM lIna rhte| zIta-RtumeM barphIlI havAeM palatI, gharase nikalanA pazu-pakSiyoMke liye bhI asambhava thaa| aise samaya nivastra rahakara mahAvIra nadIke zIta-laharIyukta saTapara dhyAnAvasthita rahate / parvatakI phisI upatyakA, guphA athavA sUnasAna, nirjana aura bhayaMkara sthAnoMmeM jAkara ve tapasyA krte| isa prakAra mahAvIrakI sAdhanA uttarottara ugratara hotI gayI / mahAvIra vihAra karate samaya kisI bhI sthAnapara tIna dinoMse adhika nahIM vharate the / sAdhanAke dinoMmeM unhoMne agaNita sthAnoMkI yAtrAeM kI, agaNita mAnavoMse bheMTa kI aura agaNita prakArake upasarga sahana kiye| tapazcaryAke dinoMmeM jaba va mAtI, ki.pI. sthalApara nahakara pAturmAsa vyatIta kiyA karate the| unhoMne sAr3he bAraha varSoMke lambe tapazcaraNa-kAlameM kitane hI sthAnoMmeM cAturmAsa kiye| mahAvIrake cAturmAsoMke sthAnoMke sAtha bar3e hI preraka sandarbha jur3e hue haiN| ina sandabhoMse eka ora tatkAlIna samAjako kAyaratA, kadAcAra aura pApAcAra abhivyakta hote haiM, to dUsarI ora tIrthakara mahAvIrake adamya sAhasa, tyAga, dhairya, sahanazIlatA, dayA evaM kSamAke citra bhI prastuta hote haiN| yahA~ mahAvIrake varSAvAsoMke sambandhameM kucha jAnakArI prApta kara lenA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| Agama-ganthoMmeM varSAvAsoMkA varNana prApta hotA hai| isa varNanase mahAvIrake mAnavIya jIvanakA ujjvala pakSa aMkita ho jAtA hai / prathama varSa-sAdhanA : sahiSNutA aura sAhasa jJAtRkhaNDavanase 'eka mUhUrta dina zeSa rahanepara mahAvIra karmAra grAmameM pahuMce aura kAyotsarga dhAraNa kara dhyAnameM saMlagna ho gye| isI samaya eka gvAlA apane bailoM sahita vahA~ AyA aura mahAvIrase bolA-"maiM gAya duhakara abhI gA~vase vApasa AtA huuN| mere ye bela cara rahe haiM, inakI nigarAnI rkhiyegaa|" vaha uttarakI pratIkSA kiye binA hI gauva calA gayA / mahAvIra to dhyAna magna the| unheM gvAlekI bAtakA kucha bhI jJAna nahIM thA / baila ghAsa carate hue vanameM bahuta dUra cale gaye / gvAlA jaba gharase vApasa AyA aura tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 137

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usa sthAnapara bailoMko caratA huA na pAyA, to usane mahAborase pUchA-'mere bela kahAM cale gaye ?" mahAvIrane kucha bhI usara nahIM diyA / usane krodhAviSTa ho mahAvIrako bahuta burA-bhalA kahA / para jaba unase kucha bhI uttara nahIM milA, to usane samajhA ki inheM mAlUma nahIM hai| ataH yaha bailoMko DhUr3haneke liye jaMgalakI ora cala diyA / rAtabhara vaha bailoMkI talAza karatA rahA, para baila use nahIM mile / prAtaHkAla hone para usane bailoko mahAvIrake pAsa baiThe romanthana karate hue paayaa| gvAlA bailoMko mahAvIrake pAsa prAptakara krodhase jala-bhuna gayA aura apamAnake svara meM bolA-"bailoMkI jAnakArI hote hue bhI Apane mujhe nahIM batalAyA / mAlUma hotA hai ki Apa mujhe taMga karanA cAhate the, isIliye rAtabhara mujhase parizrama karAyA gayA " yaha kahakara hAthameM lI huI rassIse usane mahAvIrako mAranekA prayAsa kiyaa| tabhI kisI bhadra puruSane Akara gvAlako rokA aura kahA ki "are, yaha kyA kara rahe ho ? kyA tujhe mAlUma nahIM ki jinhoMne kala hI dIkSA lI hai, vahI ye mahArAja sidArthake putra mahAvIra haiM / inheM tumhAre belose kyA prayojana ? ye to Atma-dhyAnI haiM aura karma-kAlimAko dUra karaneke liye prayatnazIla haiN| ataeva inheM mAranA-pITanA yA apazabda kahanA sarvathA anucita hai|" gvAlene natamastaka hokara mahAvIrase kSamA yAcanA kI aura vaha bailoMko lekara calA gyaa| mamatAko sopI kahA~ ? apratibandha vicaraNa karate hue mahAvIra morAka-sannivezameM pdhaare| yahAM durjayanta nAmaka tApasa-kulapatikA Azrama thaa| Azramake samIpa kala-kala / ninAda karate hue nirjhara pravAhita ho rahe the / zAMta vAtAraNa thA aura kulapati mahAvIrake pisAkA mitra thA | usane dUrase hI mahAvIrako Ate hue dekhaa| kulapatine mahAvIrakA svAgata kiyA aura apanI kuTiyAmeM vizrAma kraayaa| prAtaHkAla mahAvIra aba calane lage, to kulapasine unheM bhAvabhInI vidAI do aura isI kuTiyAmeM cAturmAsa karanekA nivedana kiyaa| tIrthakara mahAvIra prAmAnumAma vicaraNa karane ke uparAnta punaH morAkasannivezameM Aye aura kulapatikI usI kuTiyAmeM cAturmAsa karanekA nizcaya kiyaa| varSA-Rtu prArambha ho cukI thI, para varSAko kamIke kAraNa paryApta mAtrAmeM vahA~ pAsa utpanna nahIM huI thii| gAyoMkA peTa nahIM bhara rahA thaa| ataH bhUkhI gAyeM apanI kSuSAko zAnta karaneke liye jhopaDIko ghAsa khAneko 138 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura dhamakI zrAcArya paramparA

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Ane lgiiN| mahAvIra to mauna rUpameM Atma-sAdhanAmeM saMlagna the, unheM jhoMpar3IkI kyA cintA thI? eka dina kulapatike sAtha unake sabhI ziSya bAhara gaye hue the| gAyoMne usa dina jI bharakara jhopar3IkI ghAsa khAyI aura jaba saMdhyA samaya kulapati vApasa lauTA, to usane dekhA ki jhoMpar3IkA adhikAMza bhAga ujAr3a diyA gayA hai / gAya usako ghAsa khA du hai aura rahAra dhyAnastha haiM ! isa sthitiko dekhate hI kulapatiko krodha utpanna ho gayA aura mahAvIrako DA~Tane lage"pakSI bhI apane ghoMsalekA dhyAna rakhate haiM, Apa to manuSya hai, Apako apanI isa jhopaDIkI rakhavAlI karano cAhiye tho| are, jisa jhopar3I meM rahate ho, usakI rakSA bhI tumase sambhava nhiiN| taba tuma kyA sAdhanA karoge?" abhI varSAvAsake prArambha hone meM kucha dina avaziSTa the / ataH mahAvIrane vahA~se bihAra kara diyA aura manameM dRr3ha saMkalpa liyA ki jo sthAna sasvAmika ho, vahA~ nahIM ThaharanA aura nirjana sthAnameM dhyAna evaM Atma-zodhanakA sampAdana karanA hai / aba mona rUpameM ho vicaraNa karUgA / miTa gaye zUla, bana gaye phUla __ mahAvIra morAka-sannivezase grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue asthiyAma padhAre / yahA~ grAmake bAhara rAtrimeM zUlipANi yakSake cetyameM Thahare / janatAne unase anurodha kiyA-'prabho ! yahA~kA nivAsI zUlapANi mahAduSTa hai / yadi rAtrimeM koI bhI bhUlA bhaTakA yAtrI isa caityameM Akara Thahara AtA hai, to yaha yakSa use mAra DAlatA hai| Apako jo har3iyoMkA pahAr3a dikhalAyo par3a rahA hai, yaha isI yakSake kukarmokA phala hai / ataeva Apa hamArI prArthanA svIkAra kojiye aura yahAM rAtri vyatIta karanekA kaSTa na kIjiye ! Apa tyAgo-tapasvI haiM / ataH dUsarA sthAna upalabdha karane meM Apako kaThinAI nahIM hai| yahA~ rahakara vyartha prANa mata dIjiye / jo isa yakSake phaMdemeM pha~sa jAtA hai, vaha jIvita nahIM jA sktaa| logoMne yakSake bhaya aura AtaMkakI aneka ghaTanAeM sunAyI tathA isa prakArake dRzya upasthita kiye, jinase koI bhI vicalita ho sakatA thaa| ___ mahAvIra sAhasa aura zUra-cauratAko mUrti the / unhoMne socA ki-"samyak dRSTiko na koI bhaya hai aura na koI bhayajanya kisI prakArakI pIr3A ho / meM to isI caityameM rahakara cAturmAsa vyatIta karUMgA aura dhyAna dvArA sabhI prakArake upasoko jiituuNgaa|" mahAvIra kAyotsarga-mudrAmeM dhyAnasthita ho tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 139

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gaye / jaba AdhI rAtrikA samaya vyatIta huA aura yakSane dekhA ki eka nagna saMnyAsI usake caityameM nirbhaya hokara dhyAnArUr3ha hai to usakA krodha bar3ha gayA aura vaha nAnA prakArake rUpa banA-banAkara mahAvIrako asahya aura asaMkhya yAtanAeM dene lgaa| para mahAyozpara ina sabakA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| usane apazabdoMke sAtha mAra-pITa bhI kI, para antameM hatAza ho vaha tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake caraNoMmeM girakara kSamA-yAcanA karane lagA aura stuti karatA huA antarhita ho gayA / batAyA jAtA hai ki upasargake dUra honepara tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako rAtrike antima praharameM kucha kSaNake liye nIMda AyI aura isI samaya unhoMne kucha svapna dekhe / isake pazcAt to mahAvIra samasta jIvana bhara jAgRta ho rahe aura bAraha varSoMke tapazcaraNa meM eka kSaNako bhI na soye / unako anavarata mahAvIrakA anupama sAhasa aura tyAga atulanIya thA sAdhanA dvArA karmapAza zithila ho rahe the| avicala tapane karmakI zrRMkhalAmako jarjara kara diyA thaa| mahAvorakA roma-roma eka dopta Atma-jyotikA siMhAsana banA huA thaa| cAroM ora eka prabhAmaNDala unake bhAvI tIrthaMkaratvakA tUryanAda kara rahA thA / apane isa prathama cAturmAsameM mahAvIrane pandraha-pandraha dinake ATha arddhamAsI upavAsa kiye aura pAraNAke liye kevala ATha bAra uThe / batAyA jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake nimittase zUlapANi-pakSa ke zAnta ho jAneke kAraNa asthigrAmakA nAma varddhamAnanagara rakha diyA gayA, jo Aja bhI 'bardavAna' ke nAmase pazcima baMgAla meM prasiddha hai| mahAvIrakI sAdhanA anupama thii| unhoMne eka varSa ke sAghanA kAlameM hI aneka Rddhi-siddhiyAM prApta kara hI thIM / dvitIyavarSa kI sAdhanA sarpodbodhana prathama cAturmAsa samApta kara mahAvIrane asthigrAmase vihAra kiyA aura ve de morAkasanniveza phuNce| vahA~ kucha dina taka Thahara kara unhoMne vAcalAkI ora prasthAna kiyaa| jaba ve mArga meM kucha Age bar3he to gAya carAnevAle gvAloMne unase prArthanA kI ki "yaha mArga nirApada nahIM hai| isameM bhayaMkara eka dRSTiviSa nAmaka sarpa rahatA hai| vaha pathikoMko apane dRSTiviSase mAra DAlatA hai / usake viSaile phUtkArase AkAzameM ur3ate pakSI bhI dharatIpara A girate haiM / 140 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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itanA hI nahIM usake tIvra viSake kAraNa Asa-pAsake vRkSa aura latAeM bhI sUkha kara dUMTha bana cukI haiN|" isa samasta sandarbhako sunakara mahAvIrane vicAra kiyA ki 'eka ora caMDaphozika hai, to dUsarI bora nirantara ho rahI vinAza-lIlA hai| ataH unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki isa caMDakauzika yA dRSTi-viSako udabodhita kara sanmArga para lagAnA Avazyaka hai| isa viSadharake viSako amRtameM parivartita karanA merA kAma hai / " ataeva mahAvIra nirbhaya hokara vanake usI mArgase vihAra karane lge| jisameM nAgarAja dRSTiviSa nivAsa karasA thA / dRSTiviSane soyaMkara mahAvIrako jyoM hI dekhA, phuphakAra mArane lagA, viSakI jvAlAe~ ugalane lgaa| mahAvIra usake bilake pAsa hI sthira aura aDiga hokara khar3e rahe / nAgarAjane dekhA ki phuphakArakA prabhAva nahIM par3a rahA hai, to usane mahAvIrake pairake aMgUTheko orase DaMsa liyaa| use anubhava huA ki isa vyaktike rakkameM raktakA svAda nahIM, apitu suganA bAda bA rahA hai| napane kaI bAra mahAnIrako DaMsA, para mahAvIra avicala bhAvase dhyAnasya rhe| donoM orase bahuta samayataka saMgharSa calatA rahA / eka orase krodharUpa mahAdAnava raha-rahakara viSako jvAlAeM ugalatA thA, to dUsarI orase kSamAkI amRta-picakArI chUTa rahI thii| dRSTiviSa viSakA vamana karate-karate thaka gayA aura parAjita hokara mahAvIrake caraNoMke pAsa loTane lagA / prabhune apane kSamAamRtase usake viSakI jvAlA sadAke liye zAnta kara dii| dRSTiviSa mahAvIrake maunarUpase sambodhisa hokara mana-hI-mana vicArane lagA"vAstavameM manuSyakA ahita kaSAyAvezake kAraNa hI hotA hai| maiMne koSa-kaSAyake kAraNa apanI kitanI yoniyoMko yoM hI naSTa kiyA hai| AtmAkA saccA maMgala ratnatrayake dvArA hI sambhava hai| maiMne isa mahAnubhAvake pagatalameM kaI bAra dazana kiyA hai| isake zarIrase nikalanevAlA rakta dUdhake samAna svAdiSTa aura moThA hai ! inake mauna sambodhanase merA kalyANa sunizcita hai|" dRSTiviSa mahAvIrakA mauna udbodhana prAptakara saceta huyA aura apanA mukha nIcekI ora karake kuemeM laTaka gyaa| usane phuphakAra mAranA banda kara diyA aura sallekhanA vratameM saMlagna huA / antameM ahiMsAkI sAdhanA dvArA dRSTiviSane apane dehakA tyAgakara sadgati prApta kI / isa prakAra mahAvIra nirbhaya ho grAmAnugrAma bihAra karate hue zvetAmbI nagarImeM pdhaare| yahA~ke rAjA pradezone bhagavAnkA svAgata kiyA aura bhaktipUrvaka tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dekhanA : 141

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unake caraNoMkI vandanA kii| rAjA pradezI mahAvIrake darzana-vandanase bahuta prabhAvita huA aura dharmArAdhanakI ora pravRtta hubA / surabhipura meM jyotividako bhaviSyavANI aura cakravatitva ke lakSaNa zvetAmbI nagarIse calakara mahAvIrane surabhipurakI ora vihAra kiyaa| kucha dUra calane ke anantara mArga meM gaMgA nadI milii| ise pAra karane ke lie mahAvIrako nAvapara baiThanA pdd'aa| nAya jaba nadIke madhya meM pahuMcI, to bhayaMkara tUphAna AyA / nAva bha~varameM par3akara cakkara kATane lagI / tuphAnakI tejIko dekhakara sabhI yAtriyoM ko aisA anubhava huA ki aba prANa-rakSA honA kaThina hai / ataH '' 'Adi' karane lge| tIra ke eka kinAre baiThe hue sumeruvat dhyAnastha the / unake manameM na kisI prakArako AzaMkA thI aura na bhayake cihna hI / mahAvIrakA sAhasa atulanIya thA / tUphAna ke kAraNa uThatI huI lahareM zanaiH zanaiH zAnta hone lgiiN| gaMgAkI prAyaH samasta Akulita jalarAzi stabdha ho gayI / I ekAeka tUphAna ke zAnta honese nAvameM savAra logoMko aisA pratIta ho rahA thA, mAnoM kisI camatkArI vyaktine jAdU kara diyA ho / bhayaMkara tUphAnakA mahanA, bha~varoMkA uThanA, nAyakA DagamagAnA, unakA sahasA zAnta ho jAnA aura nAvakA taTapara sakuzala pahu~ca jAnA Azcarya kI bAta thI / nAvameM beThA jana-samudAya ise mahAvIrakA camatkAra mAna rahA thA aura unakA jayanAda kara rahA thaa| mahAvIra nAvase utarakara thUNAka-sannivezakI ora cala diye / mArga meM aMkita unake padacihnoMko dekhakara eka sAmudrika-dettA AzcaryameM DUba gayA aura socane lagA ki ye caraNacihna to kisI cakravartIke hI ho sakate haiM / ataH yaha una padacihnoMkA anveSaNa karatA huA vahA~ pahu~cA, jahA~ mahAvIra dhyAnastha khar3e the / usane sirase paira taka mahAvIrapara dRSTi DAlI / vaha unake sarvAGgameM cakravartIke cihna dekhakara cintAmeM par3a gayA ! vaha socane lagA-"isa mahApuruSa meM cakravartIke sabhI zubha lakSaNa vidyamAna hai / zaMkha, cakra, gadA Adi cihnoMke sAtha hAthakI Urdhva rekhAkA unnata honA evaM guru aura bhaumake parvatoM kA samatala rUpameM utkRSTa honA cakravarttitvakA sUcaka hai / isa mahApuruSa meM aisA eka bhI lakSaNa kama nahIM hai, jisase ise cakravartI na mAnA jAya / nimittazAstrameM dharmanetA, cakravartI evaM bhAgyazAliyoMke jina lakSaNoMkA varNana milatA hai, ve sabhI lakSaNa isameM vidyamAna hai| kyA kAraNa hai ki yaha puruSa sAdhu banakara jaMgaloMmeM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai ? nimittazAstra kI dRSTi se yaha atyanta vicAraNIya hai" / jyotirvida apanI isa zaMkAkA samAdhAna prApta karaneke lie idhara-udhara 142 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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salAza karane lgaa| kisI bhadrapuruSane batalAyA ki ye aparimita lakSaNavAle dharmacakravartI tIrthakara mahAvIra haiN| inake rAma lakSaNoMse spaSTa hai ki ye janakrAntike netA, Atmazodhaka aura mokSamArgake netA hoNge| ye nAnA prakArale upasarga aura parISahoMke vijetA, indriya-nigrahI evaM janakalyANa-kartA hoNge| sAmAnya-cakravarsIko apekSA inameM aparimita guNAdhikya hai| yaha mahAvIrakA vandana-arcanakara apane sthAnako calA gayA / mahAvIra thUNAka-sannivezase vihAra karate hue nAlandA pdhaare| varSAkAla prArambha ho jAneke kAraNa unhoMne vahIM cAturmAsa vyatIta karanekA nizcaya kiyaa| mAlayA : Atmazodhana nAlandAmeM eka mAsakA upavAsa svIkArakara mahAvIra dhyAnAvasthita ho gye| unakI sAdhanA mUka rUpameM calane lgii| isI samaya varSavAsa vyatIta karaneke uddezyase maMkhalI-putra gozAlaka vahA~ AyA / isakI mahAvIrase bheMTa huI / upavAsakI avadhi samApta honepara mahAvIra cake lie nikale aura vahA~ka vijaya seThake yahA~ unakA nirantarAya bAhAra humA / dhAnake prabhAvase nAlandAmeM gandhodakakI varSA aura puSpavRSTi huI, sugandhita vAyu calane lagI, devoMne dundubhivAdana kiyA aura 'yaha dAna AzcaryakArI hai' kI dhvani kI / nAlandAvAso ina paJca Azcaryoko dekhakara mahAvIrakA jayanAda karane lage / gozAlaka bhI bahuta prabhAvita huA aura mahAvIrako camatkArI sAghu samajha janakA ziSyatva svIkAra karanekA usane nizcaya kiyaa| gozAlakakA ziSyatva ___ jaba dharyAse mahAvIra lauTa Aye to gozAlakane unase prArthanA kI ki Apa mujhe apanA ziSya banA liijie| mahAvIrane kucha bhI uttara nahIM diyA aura punaH eka mAsake upavAsakA niyama grahaNakara dhyAnastha ho gaye / upavAsa samAptakara pAraNAke hetu nagarameM paribhramaNa kiyA tathA Ananda zrAvakake yahA~ unakI pAraNA huI / anantara vApasa lauTakara unhoMne punaH eka mAsakA upavAsa grahaNa kiyaa| upavAsa samApta honepara ve pAraNAke lie cale aura yahA~ sunanda zrAvakake ghara unakI pAraNA sampanna huii| mahAvIrane caturthamAsake ArambhameM punaH ekamAsakA upavAsa karanekA saMkalpa liyaa| cAturmAsa pUrNa hote hI mahAvIrane nAlandAse vihAra kiyA, ve kollAgasanniveza pahu~ce / mahAvIrane jaba nAlandAse vihAra kiyA, usa samaya gozAlaka tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 143

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mikSAke lie gayA huA thA / bhikSAse vApasa lauTanepara use mahAvIrake vihArakA samAcAra milA, ataH vaha unakI talAza karatA huA kollAga sanniveza pahu~cA / isake pazcAt gozAlaka chaH cAturmAsoM taka unake sAtha rhaa| mahAvIra mauna rUpa meM sAdhanA karate rahe / tRtIyavarSa -sAdhanA : vikAra - zamana sAdhanAkA lakSya mokSa yA nirvANa prApti hai| jIvana maraNake duHkhase mukta honA hI sAdhanAkA kendrabindu hai / isa sAdhanA ke do rUpa haiM - (1) bAhya sAdhanA, (2) antaraMga sAdhanA / bAhya sAdhanA meM zarIra aura indriyoMko tapAkara sAdhita kiyA jAtA hai / Antarika sAdhanA meM manako sAdhita kara vAyuke samAna manako caMcala gatiko vaza kara kendrabindu AtmApara sthira kiyA jAtA hai / sAdhanAkA samyak honA Avazyaka hai aura samyakkA artha hai sAghanAkA AtmabhimukhI honA / jaba sAdhanA AtmAbhimukhI ho jAtI hai, taba sva-parakA bhedajJAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai / mahAvIrakI tRtIya varSa sambandhI sAdhanA AtmAkI sAdhanA thI, ve AtmavikAsakA prayAsa kara rahe the / ve zubha rUpameM apane rAgakA UrdhvamukhI vikAsa karate hue pUrNa vItarAgI banane ke hetu prayatnazIla the / mahAvIra kollAga sannivezase vihAra karate hue brAhmaNagAMva phuNce| yahA~para mahAvIrakI pAraNA nirantarAya sampanna huI, kiMtu gozAlakako bhikSAmeM vAsI bhAta milA, jise lenese usane inakAra kara diyA aura bhikSA denevAlI strIkI martsanA karate hue bolA ---" bAsI bhAta dete hue tujhe lajjA nahIM AtI / kisI sAdhuko kaisI bhikSA denI cAhie, yaha bhI abhI taka jJAta nahIM hai / sAdhukI sAdhanA bhojana ke abhAva meM cala nahIM sakatI hai, ataeva sAdhuko puSTa aura hitakara ahAra denA caahie| maiM tumhAro ajJAnatApara pazcAttApa kara rahA hU~ aura tumheM abhizApa detA hU~ ki Ajase sAdhuoM ko zuddhAhAra denA, anyathA tumhArA nAza ho jAegA / " isa prakAra kahakara bhikSA binA liye gozAlaka cala diyaa| gozAlakane yahA~ rasanA - indriyako jItane kA saMkalpa kiyA 1 brAhmaNagAMva se calakara mahAvIra campAnagarI gaye aura tIsarA cAturmAsa yahIM para vyatIta kiyA / isa varSAvAsameM mahAvIrane do-do mAsa upavAsa kiye / karmanirjarAke hetu aTThAisa mUlaguNoMkA pAlana karate hue ve Atma-zodhanameM pravRtta hue / mahAvIra ke vajravRSabhanArAca saMhanana aura samacaturasra saMsthAnakA sauMdarya 144 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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dviguNita ho gayA tathA unake AdhyAtmika jIvanako sugandha anantaguNerUpameM vRddhiMgata hone lagI / ahiMsA aura satyakI sAdhanA uttarottara nirmala hone lagI / kaSAya-bhAva unakI AtmAse pRthak hone lge| virodhoke prati bho unake hRdayameM karuNAkI satata dhArA pravAhita hone lagI / mAnavatAkA zrRMgAra patha bhramita hotI huI mAnava sabhyatAko unhoMne sajAyA aura saivArA / dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvarUpa catuviSa dharma kI sAdhanA dvArA mAnavatAko pratiSThA kI / unake jIvana meM kisI bhI prakArakI gopanIyatA nahIM thii| unakA jIvana pUrNatayA sarala aura samarasa thaa| ve apanI apAya sakiyoMkA sarvokRSTa vikAsa apane nijI puruSArtha dvArA karane meM saMlagna the| phalataH upavAsa, dhyAna evaM Atma-cintanakI prakriyA aharniza bar3ha rahI thI / mahAvIrako sAdhanA rAga-dveSake jItane meM pravRtta thI / caturtha varSa sAdhanaH kSamAko ArAdhanA anavarata sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa mahAvorane kSamAkA pUrNa abhyAsa kara liyA aura unake karma-pAza zithila hone lage / avicala tapane karma zrRMkhalAko jarjarita kara diyA / dIkSAke caturtha varSa meM unhoMne apane tapako aura adhika teja banAyA / ekAgratAke kAraNa unakI samasta AkulatAe~ zAnta ho cukI thiiN| ve zIta, grISma aura varSAmeM samAnarUpase tapazcaraNa karate hue AtmasAdhanAmeM rata the / gozAlaka : ghaTita ghaTanAoM bodha tapasvI mahAvIra campAnagarIse calakara grAma-grAma, nagara-nagara ghUmate hue kAlAyasa - sannivezameM pahu~ce / vahA~ pahu~cakara eka khaNDaharameM dhyAnAvasthita ho unhoMne rAtri vyatIta kii| ekAnta sthAna samajha gA~vake mukhiyAkA vyabhicArI putra kisI dAsIko lekara vahA~ vyabhicAra karanekI icchAse AyA mora vyabhicAra karake vApasa jAne lagA / gozAlaka isa dRzyako dekha rahA thA / ataH usase na rahA gayA aura usane usa durAcAriNI strIkA hAtha pakar3a liyA / jaba mukhiyAke putrane dekhA ki gozAlaka usakI premikAkA hAtha pakar3e hue hai, to use gozAlakapara bar3A kroSa AyA aura usane gozAlakako khUba piTAI kii| mahAvIra dhyAnAvasthita the, unakA isa prakArakI ghaTanAoMkI ora dhyAna na thA / gozAlaka piTate samaya mahAvIrakI sahAyatAko AkAMkSA kara rahA thA, para vyAnI mahAvIra apane Atma-cintanameM vibhora the / gozAlaka mana-hI-mana tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 145

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mahAvIrapara kruddha ho rahA thA aura socatA thA ki gurukA kartavya hai ki vaha kaSTake samaya ziSyakI rakSA kre| ye garu to merA kucha bhI upakAra nahIM krte| na to bhojana-caryA meM inase sahAyatA milatI hai aura na anya kisI saMkaTake samaya hI / ataeva isa prakArake gurukA tyAga kara denA hI zreyaskara hai| gozAlakakA mana mahAvIrase bagAvata kara rahA thA, para saMkoca aura lajjAvaza unakA sAtha chor3ane meM bhI asamartha thA / dUsare dina mahAvIrane kAlAyasa-sannivezase patrakAlayakI ora vihAra kiyA / yahA~ pahu~cakara mahAvIra ekAnta sthAnameM dhyAnArUr3ha ho gaye aura unhoMnesAmAyikavata grahaNa kara liyaa| ve socane lage-"jIva aura pudgala bhinna bhinna dravya haiM / anAdikAlase inakI vijAtIya avasthArUpa bandhAvasthA ho raho hai| isIse yaha AtmA nAnA yoniyoMmeM paribhramaNa karatI huI parakA kartA banakara ananta saMsArI ho rahI hai| bandhAvasthAkA janaka Asrava hai| yaha Asrava mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yogarUpa hai| pudgala-karmoke vipAkakAlameM jo jIvake rAga-dveSa-moharUpa azAnamaya bhAva hote haiM, ve jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke Ane meM niyita hai| ve zApAnamAmi gaMgAsa tIto saba devamoharUpa ajJAnamaya bhAvoMke nimitta haiN| isa taraha pudgalapharma aura jIvake rAga-dveSAdi azuddha bhAvoMmeM nimitta-naimittikamAva banA calA A rahA hai| ataeva nimitake haTAne meM sampUrNa puruSArtha karanA hai, jisase nemittakoM (rAga-dveSAdi azuddha bhAvoM) kI paramparA samApta hokara samyagdarzanAdi zuddha bhAvoMkI hI sadA paramparA cale / yataH samyagdRSTike mAsava aura bandha nahIM haiM, asaH jJAnI jIvake ajJAnabhAvoMkI anutpatti hai|" mahAvIra Atma-cintanameM saMlagna the ki pahale dina kAlAyasa-sanivezameM ghaTita ghaTanAkI yahA~ bhI punarAvRtti huii| premikAkA hAtha pakar3aneke kAraNa gozAlaka yahA~para bhI pITA gayA aura usakI burI avasthA kI gyo| ninthatA : kalyANakA mArga patrakAlayase calakara mahAvIrane kumArAka-sanivezakI mora vihAra kiyaa| yahA~para campaka-ramaNIya udyAnameM mahAvIra dhyAnAsTa hue aura sAmAyikameM pravRtta ho gye| isa udyAnameM kucha sAdhuvhare hue the, jo vastra aura pAtrAdi rakhate the| gozAlakane ina sAdhuoMse pUchA-"Apa kisa prakArake sAdhu haiM, jo vastrAdi rakhate haiM ?" sAghu-"hama nirgantha hai ?" 146 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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gozAlaka-"itanA parigaha rakhane para Apa kaise nirganya mAne jA sakate haiM ? mAlUma par3atA hai ki apanI AjIvikA calAne lie bApa logAna ko raca rakhA hai| ninthatva aura parigrahatvakA to zAzvatika virodha hai| Apa loga dekhie, sacce nirgantha to hamAre dharmAcArya haiM, jinake pAsa eka bhI vastra aura pAtra nahIM hai| nirgantha sarvaparigrahake tyAgI hote haiM, inake pAsa tila, tuSamAtra bhI parigraha nahIM rahatA / hamAre guru mahAvIra sAkSAt tyAga-tapasyAkI mUtti haiN| inakA Adarza hI sAdhuoMke lie anukaraNIya ho sakatA hai|" ___ isa prakAra sagrantha sAdhuoMko bhatsanA kara gozAlaka mahAvIrake pAsa AyA aura saganthoMke sAtha haI carcA-vArtAkA ullekha kiyA / para mahAvIra to Atma-cintanameM rata the| unheM ina bAtoMse kyA matalaba ? unake lie to Atma-sAdhanA mukhya thI aura anya saba gaunn| ataH nirAkula sAdhanAkI vRddhi karanemeM mahAvIra satata pravRtta rahate the| isa prakAra caturtha-varSa kaThora tapazcaraNa aura AtmAnusaMdhAnameM vyatIta huaa| sAdhanA aura pramAmRta mahAvIra kumArAka-sanivezase calakara corAka-saniveza gaye / isa sanivezameM paharedAra coroMke bhayase atyanta satarka rahate the| kisI bhI aparicita vyaktiko isa grAmakI sImAmeM praviSTa nahIM hone dete the| jaba mahAvIra isa grAmakI sImAmeM pahuMce to paharedAroMne unakA paricaya jAnanA cAhA, kintu mahAvIra mauna the, unhoMne apanA paricaya prakaTa nahIM kiyaa| isapara ArakSakoMko sandeha huA aura unhoMne unako coroMkA guptacara samajhakara pakar3a liyA tathA nAnA prakArake kaSTa diye / kaSTa sahana karate hue bhI mahAvIra aDiga the| unake hRdayameM zAnti aura samatAkA amRta cU rahA thaa| ___ ArakSaka mahAvIrako jitanI adhika sAinA dete, mahAvIra utane hI adhika prasanna dikhalAyI par3ate / samasAbhAvapUrvaka kaSTa sahana karanese kamoMkI prakRtiyAM naSTa ho rahI thiiN| inake manameM na kisIke prati rAga thA aura na dveSa ho / vItarAgatAkA anubhava karate hue Anandita ho rahe the| ___ acAnaka somA aura jayantI nAmaka paribAlikAoMko mahAvIrakA paricaya prAsa huaa| ve donoM ghaTanAsthalapara pahuMcIM bora. ArakSakoMko samajhAsI huI kahane lagI--"devAnupriya ! tuma inheM nahIM jAnate, ye dharmacakravartI siddhArthaputra mahAvIra haiN| apanI sAdhanAko saphala karaneke lie maunarUpase vicaraNa kara rahe haiM / aba koI inheM kaSTa pahuMcAtA hai, to ye zamAmRtakA pAna karate haiN| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 147

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ye jitendriya aura saMyamI haiN| vajavRSabhanArASa-saMhanana honeke kAraNa inakI sahanazakti apAra hai / ina jaisA tyAgI saMnyAsI koI dUsarA nahIM | Apa loga inheM kaSTa dekara pApakA bandha kara rahe haiN| na ye svayaM cora haiM, na ghoroMke muptacara hI haiN| ataH Apa inako chor3a dIjiye aura apane kiye gaye aparAdhoMke liye kSamA yAcanA kiijiye|" __ ArakSakoMne mahAvIrako bandhana-mukta kara diyA aura unake caraNoMmeM girakara kSamA yAcanA kii| vItarAgo mahAvIrane corAka-sannivezase vihAra kiyA aura pRSThacampAmeM phuNce| yahIMpara inhoMne caturya varSAvAsa vyatIta kiyA / isa cAturmAsameM mahAvIrane pUre cAra mAsakA upavAsa rakhA aura aneka yogAra noM dvArA tapazcaraNa kiyaa| cAturmAsa samApta hote hI pAraNAke hetu kayaMgalAkI ora vihAra kiyaa| pannamavarSa-sAdhanA : kayaMgalAmeM ghaTita ghaTanAeM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra nirAkula bhAvase kSudhA-tRSAke pariSaha sahana karate hue AtmAmRtakA pAna kara tRpta hote the / ekAgratA aura dhyAnake kAraNa unake romaromase Atma-jyoti prasphuTita ho rahI thii| ve kayaMgalAke bAharI udyAnameM sthita eka devAlayameM tthhre| usake eka bhAgameM sthita hokara kAyotsarga kara dhyAnastha ho gye| saMyogavaza usa devAlayameM rAtri-jAgaraNa karate hue koI dhArmika utsava manAyA jA rahA thaa| ataH sandhyAkAlase hI nagarake strI-puruSa ekatra ho gye| gAyana-vAdana aura nRtyako yojanA kI gyii| devAlayameM zoragula hone lagA aura vahA~kA zAnta vAtAvaraNa azAntimeM pariNata ho gyaa| gozAlakako devAlayakA yaha dhUma-dhar3AkA acchA nahIM lagA aura vaha unalogoMkI nindA karane lgaa| mahAvIra to samatvakI sAdhanA karate hue AsmadhyAnameM lIna rahe / unheM Aja samAyika meM itanA Ananda AyA ki ve sana-badanakI sudha bhUla gaye prAmavAsiyoMne gozAlaka dvArA jaba apanI nindA sunI, to ve krodhase Aga babUlA ho gaye aura unhoMne usI samaya gozAlakako devAlayase nikAla bAhara kiyA / gozAlaka rAsabhara bAhara zItase kAMpatA rahA aura grAmavAsiyoMko gAliyA~ bakatA rahA / vastutaH kayaMgalAmeM kucha pAkhaNDI nivAsa karate the, jo sapatnIka aura Arambha-parigrahI the| inhIM logoMne dhArmika utsavakI yojanA kI thii| isa utsavameM gAyaka aura vAdaka bhI dUra-dUrase ekatra hue the| gozAlakakI avasthA zItake kAraNa bigar3ato jArahI thI aura vaha bar3abar3atA huA zItajanya bAdhAko sahana kara rahA thaa| upasthita vyaktiyoMmeMse kisIko usapara dayA Ayo aura vaha bolA---''yaha devAyaMkA sevaka hai / ise kaSTa pahuMcAnA ucita 148 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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nahIM / yaha satya hai ki yaha krodhI hai, kiyekA paryApta phala mila cukA hai| cAhiye aura jora-jorase vAdya bajAne na pdd'e|" asahiSNu hai aura caMcala hai / ise apane ataeva aba ise vApasa bhItara bulA lenA cAhiye, jisase isakI bar3abar3AhaTa sunAyI kisI prakAra gozAlakako trANa milA aura usane rAtrikA avazeSa bhAga vyatIta kiyA / mahAvIra to dhyAnastha the hI; AtmAnandakI anubhUti hone ke kAraNa unheM bAhya parivezakA bodha na thA / agnikRta upasagaMjaya prAtaHkAla hote hI mahAvIrane kayaMgalA se zrAvastIkI ora vihAra kiyA / caryAkA samaya hone para gozAlakane nagarameM praveza karane ko kahA / yahA~ caryAka samaya aisI ghaTanA ghaTita huI, jisase gozAlakako vizvAsa hogayA ki - "bhavitavyatA dunivAra hai !" zanaiH-zanaiH ghaTanAeM isa prakAra ghaTita ho rahI thIM, jisase gozAlakako niya sivAdapara aTUTa vizvAsa hotA jA rahA thA / zrAvastI se tIrthaMkara mahAvIra hRlyaduyabhrAmakI ora cle| ve nagarake bAhara eka vRkSa ke nIce dhyAna-sthita hogye| rAtrimeM vahA~ kucha yAtrI Thahare hue the aura unhoMne zosase bacane ke liye agni jalAyI thI / prAtaH kAla honeke pUrva hI yAtrI so cale gaye, para Aga bar3hatI huI mahAvIrake pAsa jA pahuMcI, jisase unake paira jhulasa gye| mahAvIrane yaha vedanA zAntipUrvaka sahana kI aura Aga ke bujha jAne - para unhoMne maMgalA gA~vakI ora vihAra kiyaa| yahA~ gA~vake bAhara mahAvIra to vAsudevake mandirameM dhyAnastha ho gaye, para vahA~ khelanevAle lar3akoM ko gozAlakane DarA-dhamakA diyaa| lar3ake girate-par3hate gharoMkI ora bhAge aura unhoMne apane abhibhAvakoMse jAkara gozAlakakI ghaTanA nivedita kara dI / avibhAvaka kroSAbhibhUta ho gaye aura unhoMne vahA~ Akara gozAlakako khUba piittaa| mahAvIra to dhyAnasya the, unheM isa ghaTanA kI koI bhI jAnakArI ma thii| piTatA huA gozAlaka avibhAvakoMko to burA-bhalA kaha hI rahA thA, para mahAvIrako bhI kAyara aura Darapoka samajhane lagA / vaha mahAvIrakI sahanazIlatAko samajha nahIM pA rahA thaa| unakI siMhavRttikA use yathArtha bodha ca thA / naMgalAle vihArakara mahAvIra AvataMgrAma pahu~ce aura vahA~ nagarase bAhara ane baladevake mandirameM rAtabhara dhyAnastha rhe| dUsare dina vahA~se prasthAna kara ve tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 149

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corAka-sanniveza pahu~ce aura vahA~ bhI nagarake bAhara udyAna meM sarva sAvadya kA tyAga - kara sAmAyika karane lge| mahAvIrakI sAdhanA upavAsaparvake rUpameM cala rahI thI, para gozAlaka bhikSAcayakei liye nagarakI ora calA / nagaravAsiyoMne usakI veza-bhUSAse use guptacara samajhA aura usakI khUba marammata kI / sandeha anya upasargaM barAka-saniveza se mahAvIra jaya kalambukA sannivezakI ora jArahe the, to mArga meM sImA rakSakoMne unase pUchA ki tuma loga kauna ho ? mauna sAdhaka mahAvIrane to kucha bhI uttara nahIM diyA aura gozAlaka socane lagA ki maiM uttara dete hI pITA jAU~gA aura aba piTate piTate merI avasthA bahuta kharAba ho rahI hai, ataeva mahAvIrakI taraha mauna rahanA hI mere liye bhI zreyaSkara hai| sImA rakSakoM ko una donoMpara sandeha utpanna ho gayA aura unheM zatrukA guptacara samajhA / phalataH una donoMko pakar3akara ve nagarAdhipati ke pAsa le gaye / rahasya avagata karanekI dRSTise sImA rakSakoMne unheM nAnAprakArako yAtanAeM diiN| aba mahAvIra nagarAdhipatike samakSa pahuMce, to usane mahAvIrako pahacAna liyA aura bandhana mukta kara vaha bolA - "prabho ! kSamA kiijiye| Apako na pahacAnane ke kAraNa hI yaha aparAdha huA hai / Apa 'syAgI saMyamI zramaNa haiM / jana-kalyANake liye hI Apane rAjasiMhAsanakA tyAga kiyA hai| mere ahobhAgya haiM ki meM ApakA kara kRtArthaM ho rahA hU~ / mere sevakoMne jo ApakI dhAvamAnanA kI hai, usake liye bhujhe pazcAttApa hai| prabho! ApakI sAdhanA saphala ho / anAyaveza-bihAra abhI pracura kamakA kSaya karanA avaziSTa thA / karma-nirjarAke hetu sAdhanAko aura adhika tIvratA pradAna karanI thI / ataeva tapasvI mahAvIrane anAryadezoMkI ora vihAra karanekA vicAra kiyA / yataH ina dezoMmeM upasarga aura parISaha sahana karaneke liye aneka avasara Ate haiM / upAdAnameM prabala zaktike rahanepara bhI nimitta karmanirjarAmeM sahAyaka hotA hai / mahAvIra isa tathyase mayagata the ki zatru-mitrameM samatAbhAva rakhanekI parIkSA viparIta paristhitiyoM meM hI sambhava hotI hai / viparIta paristhitiyoMse yuddha karanA sAmAnya bAta nahIM / ataeva virodhI paristhitiyoMmeM avicalita banA rahanA hI sAdhanA kI saphalatA 150 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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hai / isa prakAra vicArakara mahAvIrane lAr3ha dezakI ora vihAra kiyA / yahA~para banAya dvArA kI jAnevAlI avahelanA nindA, tarjanA aura tAr3anA Adi aneka upasargoko sahanakara karmoM kI nirjarA kI / isa dezako bhUmimeM mahAvIrako nivAsa karane yogya sthAna bhI nahIM milatA thaa| ataH ve kaMkarolI, patharIlI viSama bhUmimeM ho Thaharate the| vahA~ ke loga unapara kuttaM chor3a dete tathA aura bhI nAnAprakArase kaSTa pahu~cAte the| AhAra bhI bar3I kaThinAIse upalabdha hotA thA / ataeva mahAvIrako kaI dinoM taka lambA upavAsa rakhanA par3atA thA / jaba ve vahA~se lauTa rahe the, to mArga meM unheM do cora mile, jo anArya-bhUmimeM corI karane jA rahe the / mahAtIra ko unhoMne apazakuna samajhA aura bhaviSya meM AnevAlI vipattiyoMkA anumAna kiyaa| ataeva isa apazakunako niSphala karaneke vicArase unhoMne mahAdorapara AkramaNa kiyaa| mahAvIra samatAbhAvapUrvaka upasargako sahana karate rhe| unakI sAdhanAne coroMke AkramaNako kuNThita kara diyA / Arya-pradezameM pahu~cakara mahAvora malayadezameM bihAra karate rahe aura unhoMne apanA paJcama varSAvAsa malayakI rAjadhAnI bhadvilanagarI meM sampanna kiyA / isa caturmAsa meM mahAvIrane anazanAdi tapa karate hue vividha AsanoM dvArA dhyAna kiyA / cAturmAsa samApta hone para ve bhaddilanagarIse pAraNA ke hetu bAhara nikale aura kali-samAgama kI ora vihAra kiyA / vastutaH mahAvIrane isa paMcama cAturmAsa meM bhI cAra mahInekA upavAsa grahaNa kiyA thA aura anantara nagarIke bAhara unakI pAraNA huI thii| varSa - sAdhanA upasarga - para- upasagaM 1: mahAvIra karyAli yA kadalI-samAgamase jambUkhaNDa gaye aura vahAMse sambAyasannivezakI ora prasthAna kiyA / grAmake bAhara sAmAyika grahaNakara mahAvIra dhyAnastha ho gaye / yahA~ pArzva santAnIya nandISeNa AcArya rAtrimeM kisI caurAhepara dhyAna kara rahe the / koTTapAlakA putra paharA detA huA usa caurAhe para padhArA aura nandiSeNako usane cora samajhakara bhAlese mAra DAlA / gozAlakane isa ghaTanAkI sUcanA nagara meM dI aura vaha bhramaNa karatA huA mahAvIrake pAsa loTa AyA / gozAlaka kI carcA pAzrvApatya anagAroMse bhI huI aura usane muni AcAravicArakI rUparekhA prastuta kI / tambA sanniveza se sIrthaMkara mahAvIra kUpiya-sanniveza gaye / yahA~para Apako guptacara samajhakara rAjapuruSoMne pakar3a liyA aura unase unakA paricaya jAnanA cAhA / jaba mahAvIrane kucha bhI uttara nahIM diyA aura ve mauna rUpameM sthita rahe, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 151

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taba rAjapuruSoMko unapara aura adhika AzaMkA huii| mahAvIra jaise-jaise apanI sahanazIlatA dikhalAte jAte the, vaise-vaise rAjapuruSa unheM kaSTa dete jAte the| mahAvIrake bandI banAye jAnekI ghaTanA nagarameM vyApta ho gayI | ataH vijayA aura prazalbhA nAmaka do parivAjikAeM turanta ghaTanA sthalapara phuNcii| unhoMne mahAvIrako pahacAnakara rAjapuruSoMse kahA-"kyA tuma loga siddhArtharAjakumAra antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako nahIM pahacAnate ? mahAvIrako sAdhanAse manuSyoMkI to bAta hI kyA, deva-dAnava bhI prabhAvita haiN| ye tIrthakaraprakRti-dhArI nirgandha mahAvIra haiN| inakI umra tapazcaryAse indrAdi bhI atyanta prabhAvita haiN| mahAvIra svAbalambana, dhanI haiN| inheM svayaM apanepara vizvAsa hai / ataeva ye kisI parokSa zakti kI sahAyatA nahIM cAhate haiM / " parikAjakAoMke isa kapanako sunakara rAjyAdhikArI kAMpa utthe| unheM apanI azAnajanya bhUlakA anubhava huA aura ve kSamA-prArthanA karate hue kahane lage--"prabho! ajJAna aura pramAdase ho aparAdha hote haiN| hamane ApakI jo avamAnanA kI hai, usake mUlameM ajJAna hI hai| Apa dayAmati haiM aura kSamAke dhanI haiM / ataeva hama logoMke aparAdhako kSamA kara diijiye|" mahAvIrane mauna rahakara una rAjapuruSoMko kSamA kara diyA aura ve puna: nidvandvabhAvase vihAra karane lge| __piyase mahAvIrane vaizAlIkI ora vihAra kiyA / gozAlaka yahA~se mahAvIrake sAtha nahIM gayA aura unase bolA-"bhagavan ! na to Apa merI rakSA karate haiM aura na Apake sAtha rahane meM mujhe kisI prakArakA sukha milatA hai| pratyuta kaSTa ho bhogane par3ate haiM aura bhojanakI bhI cintA banI rahatI hai| ataeva aba maiM Apake sAtha nahIM cala sgaa|' yaha kaha kara gozAlaka rAjagahako ora calA gyaa| mahAvIra zAnta aura maunabhAvase gozAlakakA kathana sunate rhe| de vaizAlI pahu~cakara eka phammArazAlA-lohArake kArakhAne meM dhvAna-sthita ho gaye / dUsare dina kammArazAlAkA svAmI lohAra vahA~ aayaa| vaha chaha mahInekI lambI bImArIse uThA thA / jaba kArakhAne meM kAmapara gayA, to pahale-pahala nagna digambara vyaktike darzanako amaMgala aura azubha samAtA / ataeva vaha hathor3A lekara mahAvIrako mArane ke liye daur3A / isI samaya saMyogavaza koI bhadra puruSa A gayA aura usane tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA paricaya usa lohArako diyA / vimelaka makAkA cintana vaizAlIse calakara mahAvIra grAmApha-sanninezakI ora Aye / yahA~ke udyAnameM vimelaka yakSakA caitya thA / yakSake kAryoMkA AtaMka sarvatra vyApta thA / mahA152 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vIrane yakSake caityameM sAmAyika grahaNa kiyA aura Atma-sthita ho gye| yakSapara mahAvIrako zAnta aura saumya mudrAkA bahuta prabhAva par3A aura vaha unakI stuti karane lgaa| ___ mahAvIra gAmAkase zAlizIrSa padhAre aura vahA~ke udyAnameM kAyotsarga karane lge| mAghakA mAsa thaa| kar3Ake kI sardI par3a rahI thI aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra digambara-madrAmeM dhyAnastha the / isa samaya mahAvIrake cAroM ora divya kAntipuJja avasthita thaa| unake roma-romase zAntikA pravAha nikala rahA thA / kaTapUsanAkA upasarga : asaMkhyAtaguNI kAmanirjarA isI samaya vahA~ kaTapUtanA nAmaka eka vyantara devI AyI aura tIrthakara mahAvIrakI isa zAnta mudrAko dekhakara dveSase jala uThI / kSaNabharameM usane parivAjikAkA veza dhAraNa kiyA aura vikharI huI jaTAoM meM pAnI bharakara mahAvorake Upara chir3akane lagI tathA unake kaMdhoMpara car3hakara pracaNDa havA karane lgii| ___ bhayaMkara zItaRtu, jalavarSA aura tIkSNa pavanane isa samaya bhISaNa aura asAdhAraNa upasarga upasthita kiyaa| mahAvIra mauna bhAvase sAdhanAmeM sumeruvat dRr3ha rahe / keTapUtanA mahAvIrakI aparAjitA vItarAgatAke sammukha natamastaka ho gayI | usane apanA parAjaya svIkAra kiyA aura mahAvIrakI tapazcaryAko prazaMsA karate hue unake caraNoMkA vandana kiyaa| mahAvIrakA jIvana tapomaya thA / ve durlaghya parvata, andhakArapUrNa guphAoM, nirjana nadI-taTa, bIhar3a vana evaM sUnasAna zmazAna bhUmimeM Asma-sAdhanA karane meM tatpara rahate the| vAstavameM mahAvIrakA Atma-pariSkaraNa adbhuta thaa| ve moha-bhaMgake hetu samasta padArthoMse Asakti tor3ane meM saMlagna ye / sArvabhauma samattva hI unakA AdhAra thaa| unake samakSa siMha-maga, mayUra-sarpa, mArjAra-muSaka jese antavirodhI bhI zAnta the / vItarAgatAke prabhAvane unakI janmajAta zatruptAko samApta kara diyA thA / sarvatra prema, zAnti aura saukhyakA sAmrAjya vyApta thA / zAlizIrSase mahAvIrane bhahiyA nagarokI ora vihAra kiyA aura vahIM chaThA varSAvAsa grahaNa kiyA / mahAvIrane cAturmAsabharakA upavAsa-vrata kiyA aura akhaNDarUpase Atma-cintanameM nirata rahe / gozAlaka bhI chaha mahIne taka akelA bhramaNa karatA huA zAlizIrSa meM mahAbIrase A milA / mahAvIrane caturmAsa samApta honepara bhaddiyA nagarIke bAhara pAraNA grahaNa kI aura yahA~se unhoMne magadha-bhUmikI ora vihAra kiyA / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 153

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saptamavayaM-sAdhanA : Atma-darzana Atma-sAdhaka yogIzvara tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kSudhA tRSA, zIta-uSNa Adi parISahoMko sahana karate hue Atma-darzanakI ora unmukha hue / unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki AtmA zuddha svarUpako samajhe vinA sAdhakakI sAdhanA saphala nahIM ho sakatI hai| mAnava jIvanakA sarvocca lakSya mukti prApta karanA hai| mukti bhaya-bandhanoMse vimukta hone kA nAma hai| isake liye tattvajJAnakI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai / jabataka karmakA AvaraNa hai, tabataka sAdhakake jIvana meM pUrNa prakAza prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA hai| ataH bhItara ke prasupta jJAna evaM vivekako jAgRta karaneko AvazyakatA hai / mokSa jIvanako pavitratAkA antima paripAkarasa aura lakSya hai| viveka evaM bairAgyakI sAdhanA karate hue kadama-kadamapara sAdhakake bandhana TUTate rahate haiM aura mokSakI prApti hotI hai / mAnava sadA paraspara ke pratizodha aura vidveSake dAvAnala meM jhulasatA rahatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha Atma-bodha, Atma-satya athavA Atma-jJAnako prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai / jaba taka vyakti vizvako samagra AtmAoMko samAna bhAvase nahIM dekhatA, taba taka use Atma-darzana nahIM ho pAtA hai| yaha Atma-darzana kahIM bAhara se AnevAlA nahIM hai, yaha to hamArI AtmAkA dharma hai, hamArI cetanAkA dharma hai, evaM zAzvata tatva hai| hameM jo kucha pAdA hai, vaha kahI bAhara nahIM hai, vaha svayaM hamAre bhItara sthita hai / AvazyakatA hai kevala apanI Atma-zaktipara vizvAsa karanekI vicAra karanekI aura use jIvanakI dharatIpara utAranekI / Atma-darzana manuSyako prasupta zaktiko prabuddha karatA hai, AtmAkA pUrNa vikAsa karatA hai aura Atma-svarUpakA pUrNa udghATana karatA hai| ataeva mujhe apanI sAdhanA dvArA Atma-darzana karanA hai| yoM to maiMne sAmAyikakA abhyAsa kiyA hai, para abhI samaya Atma-sAdhanA zeSa hai| jaba taka pUrNa vItarAgatA aura niSkAmatAkI upalabdhi nahIM hotI, taka taka mero sAthamA anavarata rUpase calatI rhegii| , nRpatidvArA caraNa-vandana mahAvIra zIta aura uSNAkAlameM magadhabhUmi meM vicaraNa karate rhe| jaba varSAkAla nikaTa AyA, to unhoMne AlammiyA nagarImeM saptama varSAvAsa grahaNa kiyA / isa varSAvAsameM bhI mahAvIrane cAturmAsika tapa aura vividha yoga kriyAoMkI sAdhanA kI / varSAvAsa ke samApta honepara unhoMne pAraNAke hetu kuNDAka I 154 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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sanniveza kI ora vihAra kiyaa| isa sannivezameM mahAvIrane vAsudeva ke mandirameM sthita ho dhyAna lagAyA aura kucha dinoM taka sAdhanA kara maddanA sannivezako ora vihAra kiyA / yahA~ vaM baladevake mandira meM dhyAnastha ho gaye / sAdhuke aThThA Isa mUlaguNoM kA pUrNatayA pAlana karate hue yahA~se lohArgalA nAmaka rAjadhAnImeM pdhaareN| yaha ki rAjA jitazatrupara una dinoM zatruloMkI vakra dRSTi tho, asaeva rAjapuruSa bahuta sAvadhAna rahate the| koI bhI vyakti apanA paricaya diye vinA rAjadhAnI meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA thA / mahAvIra aura gozAlakake yahA~ pahu~cate hI paharedAroMne unheM roka diyA aura paricaya maaNgaa| ye donoM mauna rahe / phalasvarUpa rAjapuruSoMne inheM bandI banA liyA / jisa samaya mahAvIra aura gozAlaka rAjasabhA meM lAye gaye, usa samaya vahA~ asthikagrAmavAsI naimittika utpala bhI upasthita thaa| mahAvIrako dekhate ho vaha khar3A ho gayA aura caraNa-vandana kara bolA- "are guptacaroM, tuma inheM nahIM pahacAnate ? ye caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra haiN| cakravartIke lakSaNoMse bhI bar3hakara zArIrika lakSaNa inameM vidyamAna haiN| ina jaisA tejasvI, parAkramI, Atma-draSTA anya nahIM hai / Apa logoMne inheM bandI banAkara mahAn aparAdha kiyA hai / utpala dvArA paricaya prApta karate ho jitazatrune mahAvIra aura gozAlakako bandhana mukta kara diyA aura caraNa-vandana karate hue unase kSamA prArthanA kii| aSTamavayaM-sAdhanA : AtmodayakI ora zramaNa jIvanakA mUloddezya prANiyoMko zreyomArga kI ora pravRtta karanA hai / yahI vaha mArga hai, jisake dvArA AtmAko ananta evaM yathArthakI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai| AtmA kamajAla meM Abaddha honese hI cirakAlataka saMsArameM paribhramaNa karatI rahatI hai / yaha apane zubhAzubha karmake pariNAmasvarUpa hI nAnA yoniyoMmeM paribhramaNa karatI hai / yathArthajJAnake abhAva meM vaha bhautika sukhako hI saccA sukha mAnakara usImeM yathArtha AnandakI mithyA anubhUti karatI hai / ataeva bhautika sukhakI nazvaratA sunizcita honepara bhI vyakti Atmodayase vimukha rahatA hai / dhyAtavya hai ki pratyeka AtmA ananta guNoMkA akSaya bamRtakUpa hai, jisakA na kamI anta huA hai aura na kabhI anta hogA / vivekajyoti yA Atmodaya honepara AtmA usa paramAtmA svarUpa amRtarasakA pAna karane lagatI hai, jise tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA 155

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prAptakara zAzvata sukha upalabdha hotA hai| AtmA usa dhanakubera ke putrake samAna hai, jisake pAsa kabhI ghanakI kamI nahIM hotI, cAhe vaha apane usa akSaya bhaMDArakA durupayoga hI kyoM na kare / AtmodayakA tAtparya AtmAke anantaguNoMke vikAsase hai| AtmAmeM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIryaM vidyamAna haiN| ina guNoMkI abhivyakti hI Atmodaya hai / mahAvIrane aSTama varSa kI sAghanAmeM Atmodaya prApta karaneke hetu agaNita upasargaM sahana kiye tathA zIta, uSNa, kSudhA, tRSA, daMzamazaka Adi vibhinna parISahoMko samatApUrvaka sahana kiyA / unhoMne apana svarUpameM rahakara akSaya AnandakA anusandhAna kiyA / AtmAke atirika vizva ke kisI bAhya padArtha meM sukhakI parikalpanA karanA bhayaMkara kAma hai| sat aura cit to pratyeka AtmAke pAsa vyaktarUpameM sadA vidyamAna haiM, para AnandaguNakI abhivyaktiko kamI rahatI hai| ataH jo Atmodaya prApta kara letA hai, vaha saccidAnanda bana jAtA hai / ghora upasargajaya lohArgalA se mahAvIrane purimatAlapurakI ora vihAra kiyaa| yahA~ nagarake bAhya unameM kucha samaya taka kiyaa| yahAM bhI mahAvIrako aneka prakArake upasarga sahana karane par3e / vaggura zrAvakane yahA~ mahAvIrakA sarakAra kiyA tathA vibhinna prakArase unakI stuti kii| mahAvIra maunarUpameM apanI sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahe / purimatAlase unAga, gobhUmi hote hue mahAvIra rAjagRha padhAre aura AThavA~ varSAvAsa rAjagRhameM hI sampanna kiyA / isa varSAvAsameM unhoMne cAturmAsika tapa evaM vividha yogakriyAoMkI sAdhanA dvArA Atmodaya prApta kiyA / mahAvIra Asana-sAdhanA ke sAtha AtApanA -- sUryarazmiyoMkA tApa lete, zItako sahana karate aura digambara rahakara Atma-sAdhanA karate the / vibhUSA evaM parikarma - zarIrakI sabhI prakArakI sAja-sajjAoMkA tyAga karate the / - yathAzakti indriyoMke viSayoMse bacate; krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobhase bacate; mana, vANI aura zarIrakI pravRttiyoM kA saMyamana karate evaM ekAnta sthAnameM dhyAnastha hote the / manakI sahaja caMcalatAko dhyAna dvArA niyantrita karate the / aSTama cAturmAsa dinoM meM mahAvIrane cittazuddhikA pUrNa abhyAsa kiyA / unhoMne bhramaNazIla manako viSayoMse pRthaka kara AtmasvarUpapara hI kendrisa 156 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kiyA / mana jaise-jaise zAnta aura niSkampa hotA gayA, tyoM-tyoM sthiratA bar3hatI gayI / jaba cAturmAsa samApta huA to mahAvIrakI sAvadhi yoga sAdhanA bhI samApta ho gayI aura pAraNAke hetu unhoMne rAjagRhase vihAra kiyA / navavarSa -sAdhanA : sAmAyika- mitra mahAvIra vihAra karate hue rAjagRhase lAr3ha dezakI ora gaye ora vahA~sa vajrabhUmi, zuddhabhUmi evaM sumhabhUmi jaise AdivAsI pradezoMmeM phuNce| yahA~para mahAvIrako Thaharane yogya sthAna bhI nahIM milaa| na yahA~ koI caitya hI aisA thA, jisameM rahakara dhyAna kara sakeM aura na aisA koI zUnya mandira hI thA. jisameM sAmAyikako siddhi kara sakeM / ataeva mahAvIrane grAma aura nagarake bAhara udyAnameM khar3e hokara sAmAyika kiyA | mahAvIrakI sAmAyika-kriyA AtmopalAbdhikA sAdhana thI / duSTajana mahAvIrakI ha~sI ur3Ate, unapara dhUli - patthara pheMkate, gAliyA~ dete, avamAnanA karate aura zikArI kutte chor3ate the / para ina samasta kaSToMko sahana karate hue bhI ve apane sAmAyika meM pUrNatayA tallIna rhte| unake pariNAmoMmeM zAnti thI / krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA prAdurbhAva nahIM hone dete| pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI apaneko niyantrita rakhate the / upavAsa -para- upavAsa cAturmAsa Anepara mahAvIrane eka vRkSake nIce navama caturmAsa grahaNa kiyA / cAra mahIne kA upavAsa svIkAra kara sAmAyikakI siddhike hetu ve kAyotsarga aura dhyAnameM pravRtta hue| indriya aura manakI dIvAloMko medakara AtmAke sAnidhya meM rahanA Arambha kiyA / zarIrakI caMcalatA aura zarIra ke mamatvakA pUrNa visarjana kiyA / pravRtti aura mamatva ye donoM zarIra evaM manameM tanAva utpanna karate haiM tathA inhIMke dvArA aneka prakArako zArIrika evaM mAnasika vyAdhiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM / ataeva mahAvIrane ukta donoMkA nirodha kiyA / mahAvIra ihaloka -bhaya, paraloka bhaya, atrANa-bhaya, Akasmika bhaya, mRtyubhaya Adi sAta prakAra ke bhayoMse rahita the / ataH duSTajanoMke upadravakA unake Upara kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3atA thA / ve jitendriya aura sAmAyika saMyamI the / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 157

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mahAvIra cha: mahIne taka anArya bhUmimeM bhramaNakara varSAkAlake anaMtara AryabhUmimeM lauTa aaye| bazamavarSa-sAdhanA : saMghamArAdhanA saMyamakA artha hai indriyoM aura manakA damana karanA tathA unheM Atma-vazIbhata karanA aura hiMsA-pravRttise bcnaa| saMyama ahiMsArUpI vizAla vRkSako eka zAkhA hai| ahiMsA sAdhya hai aura saMyama sAdhana | saMyamake anuSThAnase hI ahisAko sAdhanA sambhava hotI hai| saMyama do prakArakA hai-indriya-saMyama aura prANI-saMyama | indriyoM aura manako apane-apane viSayoMmeM pravRtta karanese rokakara Atmonmukha karanA indriya-saMyama hai aura SaTakAyake jIvoMko hiMsAkA tyAga karanA prANI-saMyama hai| vastutaH vyakti, samAja evaM rASTrake jIvana meM sukhazantikA hetu saMyama hI hai aura isIke dvArA ahiMsAkI prApti hotI hai| jIvanameM ahiMsAkI pratiSThA saMyama hI sambhava hai| ajhaeka mahAvIrane apane dasaveM varSakI sAdhanAmeM saMyama aura samatA-prAptike liye pUrNa prayAsa kiyaa| mahAvIra aura gozAlakane anArya bhUmise nikalakara siddhArthapura jAte hue kUrmagrAmako ora prasthAna kiyaa| tapasvarUpa : pariSkAra karmanAmake bAhara vaizyAyana nAmaka eka tApasa tapasyA kara rahA thaa| vaha ghapameM adhomukha hokara tapasyA meM rata thaa| isa tapasvIkI jaTAeM bahata bar3I-bar3I thIM aura unameM sajIva vidyamAna the| gozAlaka vezyAyanake isa dazyako dekhakara mahAvIrase kahane lagA-"prabho ! isa prakArako tapasyAse saMyamakI prApti kaise ho sakatI hai ? aura saMyamake abhAvameM ahiMsAkI sAdhanA sambhava nahIM ? ataH isa tapasyAko Atma-kalyANakAriNI kahA jAyagA ? mujhe to yaha tapasvI DhoMgI jaisA pratIta ho rahA hai| isakI jaTAoMse jUeM gira rahe haiM / ataH isa tapasyAko kevala zArIrika kaSTa hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / Atmazuddhike liye to upavAsa, dhyAna, saMyama Adiko AvazyakatA hai / tapasyAkA artha icchA-nirodha hai / manuSyakI icchAeM apAra, asIma aura ananta haiM / ataH icchAoMko pUrti sambhava nahIM hai| icchApratike liye asaMyamake pApa-pathapara calanA anivArya hotA hai|" __ "taponuSThAnase manuSya saMyamazIla banasA hai aura saMyamazIlatAse ahiMsAkI pratiSThA hotI hai| jisa vyakti ke antarameM ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapako triveNI 158 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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pravAhita hotI hai, usakI AtmA nirmala, niSkalaSa aura nirvikAra ho jAtI hai| deva bhI usake caraNoM meM namaskAra kara apaneko dhanya mAnate haiN|" ____ gozAlaka dvArA isa prakAra saMyamako vyAkhyA sunakara aura ise apane kapara AkSepa mAnakara vaizyAyanane kruddha hokara apanI tejolezyA gopAlakapara chodd'ii| para tIrthakara mahAvIrake ahiMsA-prabhAvase gozAlakakI rakSA ho gayI aura vaizyAyanako tejolezyA vyathaM siddha huii| gozAlaka mahAvIrakA sAtha chor3akara zrAvastI calA gayA aura vahA~ AjIvaka matako upAsikA kumhArina hAlAhalAkI bhANDazAlAmeM rahakara tejolezyAkI sAdhanA karane lgaa| gozAlakane chaha mahInoMkI nirantara sAdhanAke pazcAt tejaHzakti prApta kii| itanA hI nahIM, usane nimittazAstrakA bhI adhyayana kiyaa| aba vaha sukha-duHkha, lAbha-hAni, jIvana-maraNa Adi sabho bAtoMko batalAne meM nipuNa ho gayA / / tejaHzakti aura nimittajhAna jaisI prabhAvaka zaktiyoMne gozAlakakA mahatva bar3hA diyaa| usake bhakta aura anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA pratidina bar3hane lagI / sAdhAraNa bhikSu gozAlaka aba eka AcArya bana gayA aura AjIvaka-sampradAyakA pravartaka kahalAne lgaa| bAlakoMkA upadrava aura samatA siddhArthapurase tapasvI mahAvIra vaizAlI pdhaare| eka dina vaizAlI ke bAhara ye kAyotsarga-dhyAnameM sthita the| usa samaya nagarake bAlaka khelate hue vahAM Aye aura mahAvIrako pizAca yA bhUta samajhakara satAne lge| bAlakone mahAvIrake Upara tule phekeM, gAliyAM dI aura aneka prakArase kadarSanAeM kI, para saMyamArAdhaka mahAvIra apanI sAdhanAse vicalita na hue / unhoMne isa upasargako bar3I samatA aura zAntike sAtha sahata kiyaa| bAlakoMkA upadrava pratikSaNa bar3hatA jAtA thaa| ve dhUla aura miTTI bhI unake Upara pheMka rahe the| isI samaya rAjA siddhArthakA mitra banarAja zaMkha bhI akasmAt vahA~ pahu~ca gyaa| usane bAlakoMke upadravako rokA aura svayaM mahAvIrake caraNoM meM girakara unase kSamAyAcanA kii| kAyotsarga-mudrA vaizAlose mahAvIrane vANijya-grAmakI ora prasthAna kiyA aura vANijyagrAma pahu~cakara prAmake bAhara kAyotsarga-mudrAmeM dhyAna Arambha kiyaa| saMyamakI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 159

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sAdhanAke kAraNa mahAvIrako vibhinna prakArako RddhiyAM prApta hone lagI, para ve ina sabhI RddhiyoMse anAsakta the| unheM pratyeka upasargako dUra karanekA sAmayye upalabdha thaa| kintu unhoMne kabhI bhI apane sAmarthya kA prayoga nahIM kiyA / sAdhaka mAhAvora saMyama aura upavAsako siddhi dvArA karmokI nijaMnA karanA cAhate the / ve anya vyaktiyoMko jItanekI apekSA apaneko jItanA adhika upayukta mAnate the| jaba vANijyagrAmake nivAsI zramaNopAsaka Anandako mahAborake padhAranekA pasA calA, to usane Akara unakI vandanA kii| vahAM se vihArakara mahAvIra zrAvastI padhAre aura yahIMpara unakA dazavA varSAvAsa sampanna huaa| gozA. laka to cAturmAsa Arambha honeke pahale ho mahAghorakA sAtha chor3akara calA gayA thaa| isa dazama varSa-sAdhanAkI upalabdhi saMyamakI siddhi thii| ve Atmasiddhike liye nirantara prayAsazIla the| cetanyake UrdhvagamanakI vRttiko hI ve dharmako jananI mAnate the| ekAdazavarSa-sAdhanA : AtmAnubhUti jovana kI yAtrAmeM AtmAkI amaratA ho parabindu hai aura yahI hai jIvanakA antima lakSya, kyoMki isIko mukti-yAtrA kahA jAtA hai / AtmAkI amaratAvibhAvapariNatirahita avasthA vItarAga hue vinA prApta nahIM hotii| na to rAgo mukta hotA hai aura na virAgI hii| donoM hI saMsArake bandhanameM jandhate haiN| vItarAgatA rAgo aura virAgIse Uparako sthiti hai| rAgakA artha hai raMganA yA kisI vastumeM Asakta honA / virAgIkA artha hai-rAgakI kucha nyuuntaa| rAmI Asakta hotA hai, to virAgI kama Asakta hotA hai| usakA pUrNata: rAga chUTatA nhiiN| kintu vItarAga ina donoMse pare hai| usakI A~khoM meM koI raMga nahIM hai, vaha pUrNatayA raMga-mukta hai / jo vastu jaisI hai, vItarAgako vaisI ho dikhalAyI par3atI hai| vItarAgakI dRSTi meM koI vastu na sundara hai aura na asundara / yataH vItarAgatAkI prApti amRtako prApti hai / ___ mahAvIrane zrAvastImeM cAturmAsa samApta kara sAnulaTThIya-sannivezakI ora bihAra kiyA / yahA~ inhoMne bhadra va mahAbhadra aura sarvatobhadratapasyAoMko karate hue solaha upavArA kiye / upavArAke antameM, inhoMne Ananda upAsakake yahAM pAraNA kI aura dar3habhUmiko ora vihAra kiyaa| mArga meM par3hAla udyAnake caityameM jAkara 16. : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya paramparA

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selA upanAH sahaNakara eka zina para mAnabhita ho gaye / mahAvIrake isa nizcala aura ninimeSa dhyAnako dekhakara loga prazaMsA karate hue kahate ki"dhyAna aura dhairyameM tIrthaMkarakA koI samakakSa nahIM hai / ve AtmAke amRtatvako prApta karane ke liye aharniza dhyAnakI sAdhanA karate haiN| manuSya to kyA, deva bhI unheM vicalita nahIM kara sakate haiN| upasarga aura parISahoMkA aisA vijetA isa kAlameM anya nahIM hai|" saMgamadevakA parIkSaNa aura vibhinna upasarga saMgama nAmaka devane vicAra kiyA ki mahAvIrako dhyAnase vicalita kara maiM unakI parIkSA karUgA / aisA kauna vyakti hai, jise meM vicalita na kara skuuN| mere samakSa kisIkA bhI dhairya aTala nahIM raha sakatA hai| ataH meM jAkara mahAvIrako dhyAnase cyuta karatA huuN| yaha nizcayakara saMgamakane per3hAla udyAnameM sthita polAsa caityameM jAkara mahAvIrako dhyAnase vicalita karane kA upakrama kiyaa| usane vividha prakArake kaSTadAyaka bIsa upasarga kiye, para mahAvIrakA hRdaya ina upasargoMse raMcamAtra bhI kSubdha nahIM huaa| polAsa caityase calakara mahAvIrane bAlukAkI ora vihAra kiyaa| vahA~se subhoga, succhettA, malaya aura hastizISa Adi grAmoMmeM vihAra karate hue toli phuNce| saMgamakadevane ina nAmoMmeM bhI mahAvIrako vibhinna prakArake kaSTa diye / mArana-tAr3anajanya bAdhAeM pahuMcAyIM, para mahAvIra apanI sAdhanAmeM avicalita rhe| eka samaya mahAvIra tosali gA~vake udyAnameM dhyAnArUr3ha the| saMgamakadeva sAdhurUpa dhAraNakara gA~vameM gayA aura eka bhavanameM seMdha lagAnekA kArya karane lgaa| grAmavAsiyoMne use cora samajhakara pakar3A aura mArane lge| saMgamaka kahane lagA-"mujhe mata maaro| maiM to nirIha aura niraparAdhI huuN| apane gurU kI AjJAkA pAlana karaneke liye hI mujhe yaha kArya karanA par3A hai 1 jaisA guru kahate haiM, vaisA maiM karatA huuN| gurukA Adeza corI karane ke liye hubA aura maiM yahA~ Akara seMdha lagAne lgaa|" logoMne pUchA tumhAre guru kahA~ haiM ? aura kyA karate haiM ? usane kahA-"ve udyAnameM Thahare hue haiM aura netra bandakara dhyAna kara rahe haiN|" grAmavAsI usake sAtha udyAnameM gaye, to mahAvIrako saMgamakake batAye hue niyamAnusAra dhyAnastha dekhA / ajJAnI nAgarikoMne cora samajhakara mahAvIrapara AkramaNa kiyA aura bAMdhakara nagarameM le jAnekI taiyArI kii| una logoMne vIrSakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 161

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mahAvIrako vibhinna prakArakI yAtanAeM diiN| unheM mArA-pITA aura bAMdhakara nagarameM le jAne lg| mahAvIra ina sabako sahana karate hue bhI mauna the| ve pUrvodayakA karma-vipAka samajhakara saba kucha samatApUrvaka sahana kara rahe the| isI samaya bhUtilaka nAmaka eka indrajAlika vahAM aayaa| vaha mahAvIrako pahacAnatA thaa| ataH usane grAmavAsiyoM ke samakSa mahAvIrakA paricaya prastuta kiyaa| jaba grAmavAsiyoMko yaha jJAta huA ki ye mahArAja siddhArthake putra mahAvIra haiM, aura kaivalyasiddhi ke liye grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue tapazcaraNa kara rahe haiM, so ve apane kRtyoMke liye lajjita hue| grAmINoMne sAdhu-vezadhArI usa vyaktikI bhI talAza ko, jo unheM mahAvIrake pAsa le gayA thaa| para usakA kahIM patA nahIM claa| antameM grAmavAsI isa niSkarSapara pahuMce ki isa ghaTanAmeM koI rahasya avazya hai| mosali-nareza dvArA caraNa-vandana sosalise tIrthakara mahAvIra mosali padhAre aura vahAM udyAnameM dhyAnasthita, ho gye| yahAM bhI saMgamakane mahAvIrapara ghora honekA abhiyoga lagavAyA jisase rAjapuruSoM dvArA unheM aneka prakArake upasarga diye gye| rAjapuruSa mahAvIrako pakar3akara mosali-narezake pAsa le gye| rAjasabhAmeM rAjA siddhArthakA mitra sumAgadha nAmaka rASTriya baiThA huA thaa| inheM dekhate hI vaha kahane lagA-"rAjan ! yaha cora nahIM haiM / yaha to siddhArthake rAjakumAra mahAvIra haiN| ye apanI Atma-zaktiyoMkA vikAsa karaneke liye tapazcaraNa kara rahe haiN| ina jaisA ghoratapasvI aura parISahajayI anya koI nahIM hai| ataH inapara cora honekA sandeha karanA bilkula nirAdhAra hai|" sumAgadhake ina vacanoMko sunakara mosali-narezako pazcAttApa huA aura unheM bandhana-mukta kara unake caraNoM meM gira gyaa| saMgamaka itanI jaldI apanA parAjaya svIkAra karaneko taiyAra nahIM thaa| ataH usane upasarga denekI apanI prakriyAko aura adhika tIvra bnaayaa| jaba' mahAvIra tosali udyAnameM dhyAnastha the, usa samaya saMgamakane inake pAsa corIke astra-zastra rakha diye| ina astra-zastroMko dekhakara logoMne inheM corasamajhA aura tosali-pattike pAsa inheM pakar3akara le gye| badabhuta camatkAra : phAMsIkA phaMvA TUTA sosali-pattine mahAvIrase kaI prakArake prazna pUche, para mahAvIra mauna rahe / aba to use aura usakI salAhakAra samitiko yaha vizvAsa ho gayA ki 162 : tIrthakara mahApIra mora unakI AcArya-paramparA

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yaha avazya hI koI chapravezadhArI cora hai| ataeva usane mahAvIrako phAMsI denekA Adeza diyaa| adhikAriyoMne unheM phA~sIke takhtepara car3hA diyA aura turasta galemeM phA~sIkA phaMdA lgaayaa| para takhtA haTAte hI phA~sIkA phaMdA TUTa gayA / dUsarI bAra phAMsI lagAyI, phira bhI vaha TUTa gayA / isa prakAra sAta bAra mahAvIrake gale meM phAMsI DAlI gayI aura sAtoM hI bAra phAMsIkA phaMdA TUTatA gyaa| isa ghaTanAse karmacArI bhayabhIta aura AtaMkita hue / ata: ve sosalinarezake pAsa inheM le Aye aura pUrvokta ghaTanAkA spaSTIkaraNa prastuta kiyA / tosali-nareza mahAvIrake isa prabhAvase prabhAvita huA aura kSamA yAcanA karate hue unheM mukta kara diyaa| __saMgamadevane abhI bhI parAjaya svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ataH vaha inheM upasarga dena liyA aura amita sidhI hasA sopariko mahAvIra siddhArthapura gaye aura vahA~ bhI saMgamakadevake SaDyantrake kAraNa inheM cora samajhakara pakar3a liyA gyaa| isI samaya kauzika nAmaka eka azvavyApArI vahAM aayaa| vaha mahAvIrako pahacAnatA thaa| ataH usane inakA paricaya dekara inheM bandhanamukta kiyA / siddhArthapurase mahAvIra vRjagA~va (gokula) phuNce| vRjagrAmameM usa dina koI utsava thA | ghara-ghara kSIrAna banA thA / mahAvIra bhikSAcaryAka hetu vRjagAyameM pahuMce / saMgamaka vahA~ pahalese hI upasthita thaa| vaha ahArako aneSaNIya karane lgaa| jaba mahAvIrako saMgamake SaDyaMtrakA patA lagA, to ve turaMta hI usa gA~vase bAhara cale gye| saMgamakane mahAvIrako dhyAnavicalita karaneke liye anekAneka upasarga kiye, para vaha unheM vicalita na krskaa| saMgamakako mahAvIrapara upasarga karate hue lagabhaga chahamAsa vyatIta hone jA rahe the| vaha unheM dhyAnacyusa karaneke liye agaNita vighna bhI kara cukA thA, para vaha apane isa duSkRtya meM saphala nahIM ho paayaa| saMgamadevakA parAjaya aura caraNa vaMdana usane avadhijJAna dvArA mahAvIrako mAnasika vRttiyoMkI bhI parIkSA lI / para usane avagata kiyA ki mahAvIrakA manobhAva adhika sudar3ha hai| ve AtmAke amaratyake nikaTa pahu~ca rahe haiN| saMyama aura zIlakI aharniza vRddhi ho rahI hai| ataH apanI parAjaya svIkAra karate hue mahAbIrase nivedana kiyA-"prabho ! Apake sambandhameM bo kahA gayA thA, vaha akSarazaH satya hai| Apa satyapratika haiM aura upasarga-vijetA hai| vizvameM koI bhI aisI zakti nahIM hai, jo Apako bAtmA tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 163

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rAdhanase vicalita kara de| maiM ApanA parAjaya svIkAra karatA haiM aura diye gaye kaSToMke liye Apase kSamA-yAcanA karatA huuN| Apa vAstavameM dhanya haiN| ApakA sAhasa aura dhaiyaM atulanIya hai aura ApakI sAdhanA anupama hai|" tIrthakara mahAvIrake dhairya se hAra mAnakara saMgamaka vahA~se calA gyaa| dUsare dina mahAvIrane usI jagA~vameM bhikSA-caryAke liye praveza kiyA / pUre chaha mahInoMke bAda inhoMne eka vRddhAke yahA~ nirdoSa kSIrAnnakA bhojana grahaNa kiyaa| vRjagrAmase mahAvIra AlambhiyA Adi prasiddha nagariyose hote hue zrAvastI pahuMce aura vahA~ nagarake uzanameM dhyAnasthita ho gye| camatkArako namaskAra ina dinoM zrAvastI meM skandakA utsava cala rahA thA / nagaranivAsI utsavameM itane vyasta the ki mahAvIrakI aura kisIne lakSya hI nahIM kiyA / samasta gA~vaskandake mandirake pAsa ekatra thaa| yahA~ eka prabhAvaka ghaTanA ghttii| bhaktajana devamUrtiko vastrAlaMkAroMse sajAkara rathameM baiThAne jA rahe the ki mUrti svayaM calane lgii| bhaktoMke AnaMdakA pAra na rahA / the samajhe ki deva svayaM rathameM baiThane jA rahe haiN| harSa ke nAre lagAte hue saba loga mUtike pIche-pIche calane lge| mUrti udyAna meM pahuMcI aura mahAvIrake caraNoMmeM girakara vaMdanA karane lgii| upasthita janasamudAyane harSa-dhvani kI aura mahAvIrako devAdhideva mAnakara unakA mahumAna kiyA aura mahimA vyakta kii| nirvighna pAraNA sampanna zrAvastIse vihArakara mahAvIra kozAmbI, vArANasI, rAjagRha, mithilA Adi nagaroM meM paribhramaNa karate hue vaizAlI padhAre aura yahIM gyArahavA~ varSAvAsa sampanna kiyaa| zAlIke bAhara kAmamahAvana nAmaka eka udyAna thaa| isI udyAnameM mahAvIra cAturmAsika tapa grahaNakara Thahare / vaizAlIkA nagaraseTha pratidina mahAvIrake caraNa-vaMdana karane jAtA aura AhAra grahaNa karanekI pratidina prArthanA karatA / para mahAvIra AhArake nimitta nagarameM nahIM jAte / zreSThine socA mahAvIrakA mAsika tapa hogA aura mahInA pUrA hone para AhArake hetu padhAreMge / para mahAvIra AhArake lie nahIM utthe| seThane dvimAsa-kSapaNako kalpanA kI aura dUsare mAsake gaMtameM trimAsika ko / mahAvIra tIsare mahInakI samAptipara bhI bhikSAcaryAke liye nahIM nikle| aba 164 : dIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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usane anumAna kiyA ki mahAvIrakA cAturmAsa kSapaNa hogaa| ataH cAra mahIneke upavAsako samApta kara ve bhikSAcaryA ke liye prasthAna kreNge| vaha apane ghara Akara cAturmAsa ke aMta meM mahAvIrakI pratIkSA karane lagA / madhyAhnakAla mahAvIra caryAke liye nikale aura piNDeSagAke niyamAnusAra vaizAlImeM bhramaNa karate hue unhoMne eka gRhasthake gharameM praveza kiyaa| gRhasvAmIne, jo kucha rUkhA-sUkhA taiyAra thA, usIse mahAvorakI pAraNA kraayii| mahAvIrane atyanta saMtoSa aura zAnti ke sAtha pAraNA grahaNa kii| seThane gutA ki mahAvIralI pAraNA anyatra ho gayI, to vaha apane bhAgyako doSa dene lagA | mahAvIrakI pAraNA nirvighna sampanna honeke kAraNa paJcAzcarya prakaTa hue, jisase vaizAlI - nivAsI atyanta prasanna the / isa prakAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane isa ekAdaza varSako sAdhanAmeM karmoM kI asaMkhyAtaguNI nirjarA kii| unhoMne sAdhuke aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM, tIna guptiyoM, pAMca samitiyoM AdikA pUrNatayA nirvAha karate hue tyAga, vairAgya aura saMyamAnuSThAna kiyA / mahAvIrane Atma saMyama aura ucca bhAvanAoMmeM ramaNa karanekI pUrI ceSTA kI / Atma zuddhike liye prayatnazIla rahanA hI jIvanakA pradhAna uddezya thA / mahAvIra kI yaha sAdhanA AtmazuddhikA pramukha sAdhana thI / dvAdazavarSa-sAdhanA : vicitra abhigraha saMvara aura karma-nirjarAke hetu mahAvIra vicitra abhigraha grahaNa kara cayaki liye nikalate the aura jaba abhigraha pUrA nahIM hotA, to ve santoSapUrvaka lauTakara sAghanAmeM saMlagna ho jaate| unake bhItara divyaprakAzake udayakA Arambha ho cukA thA / ataeva ve apanI samasta zaktiyoMke vikAsa hetu prayatnazIla the / ve himAlaya ke samAna dRr3ha hokara upavAsa Arambha karate aura aneka prakArake upasarga Anepara bhI ve unase vicalita na hote / bhaya aura roSase dUra avicalabhAvase yaMtraNAoMko sahana karate rahate the / I mahAvIra kSamAke avatAra the / durAcAriyoM, atyAcAriyoM aura adharmiyoMko kSamA pradAnakara unheM sacce pathapara lagAte the / ve anAryoM meM sadvyavahAra aura samyaktvake vikAsa hetu bhramaNa karate aura unheM bhI sanmArga para agrasara honekI preraNA dete the / vaizAlIse mahAvIrane sUsumArapurakI ora vihAra kiyaa| isa nagarake parisarameM mahAvIrane azokavRkSa ke nIce kAyotsargaM kiyA / yahA~se mahatvIra bhogapura aura nandigrAma hote hue meMdriyagrAma pdhaare| yahA~ eka gopane tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 165

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mahAvIrako kaThina upasarga diyA aura mahAvIrane bar3I samatAke sAtha usa upasargako sahana kiyaa| ___ mair3hiyagrAmase mahAvIra kauzAmbI padhAre aura pauSa kRSNA pratipadAke dina caryAviSayaka yaha aTapaTA abhigraha kiyA ki-"muNDita sira, pairoMmeM ber3iyAM pahane hue, tIna dinakI bhUkhI, ubAle hue ur3adake bAkule, sUpake konemeM lekara bhikSaka para vo nukopara dvArakApa khar3I huI tathA dAsatvako prApta huI yadi koI strI AhAra degI, to maiM grahaNa karUMgA, anyathA nhiiN|" ukta pratimA kara mahAvIra pratidina kauzAmbImeM caryAka liye jAte / ghUmateghUmate cAra mahIne unheM bIta gaye, para abhigraha pUrA na huaa| eka dina mahAvIra kauzAmbIke amAtya suguptake ghara caryAka hetu padhAre / amAtya-patnI nandA bhaktipUrvaka pratigrahaNa karane lagI, para abhigraha pUrA na honese mahAvIra cala diye| nandA pazcAttApa karane lgii| dAsiyoMne nivedana kiyA-"ye devArya to pratidina yahAM Ate haiM aura kucha bhI liye vinA yahA~sa cale jAte haiN|" dAsIke isa kathanase nandAne nizcaya kiyA ki avazya hI mahAvIrakA koI durgama abhigraha hai, jisakI pUtti na honese AhAra grahaNa nahIM krte| jaba amAtya ghara AyA, to usane nandAko udAsIna dekhaa| pUchA-"kyA bAta hai ? malina aura cittitamukha kyoM dikhalAI par3atI ho?" nandA-"ApakA amAtyapana kisa kAmakA, baba ki cAra mahInoMse yogirAja mahAvIra AhAra grahaNa nahIM kara rahe haiN| patA nahIM unakA kyA abhigraha hai? aura usakI pUrti kyoM nahIM ho rahI hai ? yadi Apa mahAvIrake abhigrahakA patA nahIM lagA sakate, to ApakA cAturya kisa kAmakA ?" AzvAsana detA humA sugapta bolA-"tuma ciMtA mata karo, maiM unake abhigrahakI jAnakArI prApta karUMgA, jisase mahAvIrakI pAraNA ho jAya / " rAjA-rAnIko cintA jisa samaya mahAvIrake abhigrahakI carcA ho rahI hai, usa samaya vahA~ pratihArI vijayA bhI upasthita thii| usane saba bAteM suna lI aura rAjabhavanameM jAkara rAnI mugAvatIse nivedana kiyaa| rAnI bhI isa ghaTanAse Akula huI aura rAjAko ulAhanA detI huI bolI-"ApakA itanA samRddha rAjya hai aura isa rAjyameM eka-se-eka bar3hakara meSAcI aura pratibhAzAlI vyakti hai / guptacara166 : soSakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vibhAga ApakA kArya karatA hai| mahAvIra kaI mahInoMse koI abhigraha lekara rAjadhAnomeM caryA ke hetu bhramaNa karate haiN| para abhigraha pUrNa na honese ve bAhAra grahaNa kiye binA hI lauTa jAte haiM ! kyA Apake vyakti unake abhinahakA patA nahIM lagA sakate? Apane kabhI yaha socA bhI nahIM ki mahAvIra AhAra kyoM grahaNa nahIM karate ? Apake itane bar3e rAjyakI sArthakatA tabhI hai, jaba Apa abhigrahakI jAnakArI prApta kreN| Aja nagarameM sarvatra yahI carcA hai / " rAjA zatAnIka-"devi ! ciMtA mata kro| maiM zAstrajJa vidvAnoMko bulAkara AhAra-sambandhI sabhI abhinahoko jAnakara nagarameM ghoSaNA karA dUMgA ki sabhI bhavya ukta abhigrahoMko ekatra karanekA prayAsa kreN| rAjAne sabhApaNDita tathyavAdIko bulAyA aura kahA-"mahAzaya ! dharmazAstroMmeM sAdhukI caryAkA jo AcAra varNita hai, Apa use sunAiye / sAdhu bhojanake lie jAte samaya kisa prakArake abhigraha grahaNa kara sakatA hai, yaha bhI btlaaiye| Apa jAnate hoMge ki hamArI nagarImeM mahAvIra koI durbodha abhigraha lekara kaI mahInoMse nirAhAra raha rahe haiN| jabataka unakA abhigraha nahIM milegA, ve AhAra grahaNa nahIM kreNge| ataeva zAstroMmeM jitane prakArake abhigraha vaNita hoM, nagarameM una sabhIkI vyavasthA kara duuN|" _ rAjAne sugupta mahAmAtyakI ora saMketa karate hue kahA-"mantrivara ! Apa bhI apanI buddhikA upayoga kIjie aura mahAvIrake abhigrahakA patA lgaaiye|" ___ sabhApaNDita--"rAjan ! abhigraha aneka prakArake hote haiM, ataH yaha kaise jAnA jAya ki kisake manameM kyA abhiprAya hai? dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva. viSayaka abhigraha, piNDeSaNA aura pAneSaNA-sambandhI vividha niyama zAstroMmeM bAye haiN|" __ rAjA zatAnIkane zAstroMmeM ullikhita caryA-sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnakI jAna kArI prajAko karAI / aneka prakArake abhigrahoMkI pUttikA bhI prabandha kiyA gayA; para mahAvIrakA AhAra na ho skaa| mahAvIrako nirAhAra pAMca mahIne bIta cuke the aura chaThA mahInA pUrA honemeM kevala pAMca dina zeSa raha gaye the / dopaharakA samaya thA / sArA kauzAmbI nagara mahAvIrake jayaghoSase gUMja rahA thaa| nagarake eka konese dUsare kone taka vidyuta-taraMgakI bhAMti yaha samAcAra vyApta ho gayA ki mahAvIra AhArake liye bA rahe haiN| mahAvIra AhArake nimitta nagarameM dhUmane lge| dvAradvArapara loga unakI pratIkSA karane lage / kozAmbI-nivAsI AzcaryapUrvaka yaha dekhane ke liye utsuka sIkara mahAvIra aura banakI dezanA : 167

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the ki Aja kisake bhAgya khulate haiM ? kauna aisA puNyAtmA hai, jo tIrthakara mahAvIrako AhAra detA hai ? isa prakAra nagarako utsukatA dekhate hI banatI thii| bhAgyodaya huA banda nAkA candanA ceTakakI putrI rAnI trizalAkI choTI bahana thii| candanA aura trizalAke bIca meM eka aura bahana thI mRgA | para bhAgyakA cakra vicitra hotA hai / karmodayase trizalA aura mRgAvatIko to rAjabhavana aura puSpazeyyA prApta huI, para becArI candanAko kAMToMkI jhAr3iyAM hI upalabdha huiiN| bar3e duHkha bhoge candanAne / yahA~ taka ki use dAsI bhI bananA pdd'aa| candanAkA Arambhika jIvana bar3A hI garvita thA / vaha rAjakanyA to thI hI, para apane adbhuta rUpalAvaNyake kAraNa vaizAlIke samasta upanagaroMkI zobhA thI / unnata lalATa, kAJcana divya varNa evaM kRza zarIra sahajameM ho janamAnasako AkRSTa kara letA thA / purajana, parijana sabhIkA vizvAsa thA ki candanAke samAna divya kumArI deva, nAga, gannoM meM bhI nahIM ho sktii| vasantake dina the| rAjodyAnameM puSpa vikasita the aura bhaure unapara madhura svarameM guMjana kara rahe the| candanA bhI udyAna meM ghUma-ghUmakara gunagunA rahI thI aura bhramaroMke svara meM svara milA rahI thii| usake kokila kaNThase nikalI huI vANI sahajameM hI sarasa aura madhumaya ho jAtI thii| usake svarakA miThAsa apUrva thA / candanAkA apaharaNa haThAt eka vidyAdharakI dRSTi cAdanApara pdd'ii| vaha AkAzamArgale vimAna dvArA jA rahA thA, para candanAke apUrva svara-mAdhurya ne use stabdha kara diyA / candanA usake manaHprANameM samA gyii| vaha nIce utarA aura candanAko lekara phira AkAza-mArgase ur3a claa| candanAne zaktibhara virodha kiyA, para vidyA. dharapara isakA kucha bhI prabhAva na par3A / candanA royii-cillaayii| nAkhanoMse apane zarIrako kSata-vikSata kiyA, para vidyAdharane use na chodd'aa| vidyAdhara candanAke zolako naSTa karanA cAhatA thA aura candanA sabhI prakArase apane zIlako rakSA karane meM tatpara thii| saMyogakI bAta ki vidyAdharakI dharmapatnI kahIMse ghUmate hue vahIM A phuNcii| vidyAdhara aba kyA karatA ? patnIse bhayabhIta hokara usane candanAko bhayAnaka banameM chor3a diyaa| nirIha caMdanA usa bhayAnaka vanameM idhara-udhara ghUmane lgii| cAroM ora hiMsaka pazu aura akelI candanA / bhUkha aura pyAsase usakI AMteM sUkhI jA rahI thIM, para 168 : tIkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAcArya-parAmparA

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vaha kare to kyA kare ? ghUmate hue usakI bheMTa eka bhillase huI / bhilla candanAko dekhakara vismita ho utthaa| aisA rUpa-lAvaNya to usane apane jIvana meM kahIM dekhA hI nahIM thA / vaha socane lagA-yaha avazya koI devI yA apsarA hai, mAnavI to ho nahIM sktii| manuSyoMmeM itanA sauMdarya kahA~se A sakatA hai ? ataeva vaha candanAko apane saradArake pAsa le gayA / bhillasaradArake gheremeM cancanA candanAko dekhate hI bhilla-saradArake manameM vAsanAkA viSa samAviSTa ho gyaa| vaha use apanI patnI banAneke liye ceza karane lgaa| para candanA usakI zarta svIkAra karaneko taiyAra nahIM thii| vaha to eka zIlavato aura sadAcAriNI nArI thii| bhilla-saradAra bhI use yoM hI chor3anevAlA nahIM thaa| vaha use DarAne-dhamakAne lagA tathA bhAMti-bhAMtikI yaMtraNAeM dene lgaa| phira bhI caMdanA usake vazameM na Ayo / vaha apane pavitra vicAroMpara dRr3ha rhii| ___ jaba bhilla-saradArane yaha anubhava kiyA ki mere atyAcAroMse yaha aninyasundarI apane prANa chor3a dego, para merI icchA pUrtikA sAdhana na banegI, to vaha socane lagA ki acchA ho ki ise becakara kucha rupaye prApta kruuN| una dinoM dAsa-prathAkA pracalana thA / strI-puruSa dAsa-dAsiyoMke rUpameM usI prakAra bece jAte the, jisa prakAra bAjAroMmeM pazu bece jAte haiM / ataH vaha bhilla' saradAra candanAko lekara kauzAmbI nagarImeM pahuMcA aura caurAhepara khar3A hokara usakI bolI lagAne lgaa| mApanAko viko bhilla-saradAra bolI lagAkara candanAkA mUlya bar3hAtA calA jArahA thA ki dUsarI orase vahA~ vRSabhadatta nagaraseTha upasthita huA / candanAko dekhate hI usake hRdayameM nizchala vAtsalyakA udaya ho gayA aura use aisA pratIta huA ki candanA usakI kabhIkI putrI hai / ataH usane sarvAdhika mUlya cukAkara candanAko kharIda liyA aura dharmaputrIke samAna usakA pAlana-poSaNa karane lgaa| yadyapi nagaraseThakA hRdaya pavitra thaa| vaha candanAko apanI dharmaputrI samazatA thA | para nagaraseThakI patnI candanAke rUpa-lAvaNyase AzaMkita thii| usake manameM saMdeha thA ki seTha candanApho apanI dharmapatnI banA legA aura usako avamAnanA karegA / candanAkA rUpa-sauMdarya yahAMpara bhI usake jIvanakA abhizApa bnaa| nagaraseThakI patnI candanAke sAtha dAsI jaisA kaTu vyavahAra karane lgii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 169

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vaha apane tIkhe bAkvANoM dvArA usake hRdayako chedatI tathA aneka prakArako jalI-keTI sunaatii| candanA karatI to kyA karatI ? vaha azubha karmodayakA vipAka samajhakara saba kucha sahana karatI huI nagaraseThake ghara par3I rhtii| dina bItate gaye aura candanA bar3I hoto gyii| yuvAvasthAke padArpaNane usake zArIrika sauMdaryako kaI gunA bar3hA diyaa| seThakI patnI subhadrAkA saMdeha dinoMdina bar3hatA jA rahA thA / saMdehakA bhUta eka dinakI bAta hai ki nagaraseTha vRSabhadatta madhyAhna kAlameM teja dhUpameM se lauTAthA / candanA usake paira dhulA rahI tho| usa samaya usake bAla vikharakara nocekI ora jamInako chUne lage aura muhepara chA gye| vRSabhadattane sahaja mamatAvaza apane hAthase una bAloMko Upara kara diyaa| jaba subhadrAne isa dRzyako dekhA to usakA mana AzaMkAoMse bharane lgaa| use yaha nizcaya ho gayA ki nagaraseTha vRSabhadatta candanAse prema karatA hai| ataeva vaha candanAko apane dharase nikAlane aura use vidrapa karanekA avasara bar3hane lagI | seThake rahate hae usake bhayase subhadrA kucha nahIM kara pAtI thii| ___ antameM eka dina subhadrAko aisA avasara mila gyaa| seTha vRSabhadatta bAhara gayA huA thA / usane nAIko bulAkara sarvaprathama candanAko kezarAziko usake sirase uttaravA diyA / ke keza candanAke sauMdaryako abhivRddhimeM bahuta bar3e kAraNa the| isapara bhI use saMtoSa na huA, to candanAke pairoMmeM ber3I DalavAkara use talagharameM banda karavA diyA / candanAko bar3I hI durgati thii| vaha ekaprakArase jIvana-mRtyukI ghar3iyA~ gina rahI thii| vRSabhadatta bAharase loTA / candanAko na dekhakara usake manameM vibhinna prakArako AzaMkAeM utpanna hone lgiiN| usane dAsa-dAsiyoMse candanAke viSayameM pUchA, para kisIkA bhI sAhasa na huA ki seThako vAstavika sthitikA garijJAna karAye / bahuta talAza karaneke uparAnta vRSabhadattakI eka dAsIne Darate-Darate pUrI bAta btlaayii| vaha zIghra hI talagharameM pahuMcA aura candanAkI ukta sthiti dekhakara ro par3A / usakI mamatAke bAdala barasane lage / vaha zIghra hI candanAko vahasi nikAlakara bandhanamukta karanA cAhatA thA / ataeva ber3iyAM kATane ke liye vaha lohArako bulAne calA gayA / khula gaye bandhana, milA rasnamaya upahAra saMyogakI bAta ki mahAvIra chaha mahInetaka nirAhAra rahakara ahArake hetu nagarameM durgama abhigraha liye dhUma rahe the / candanA ber3iyoMmeM par3I huI thii| tala170 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI mAcArya-paramparA

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gharakA dvAra khulA huA thaa| tabhI mahAvIra usa orase nikle| subhadrAne bandanAko phoja liye ko kucha hAra na mAse liye kaha baiThI thI / mahAvIrake nikaTa Ate hI usakI ber3iyA~ TUTa gayIM aura unake abhigrahake anusAra dvArake madhya meM sthita hokara sUpameM rakhe bAkuloMse unako par3agAhane lagI | mahAvIra candanAkI ora bar3ha aaye| unhoMne AhAra svIkAra kara liyA / rAjA zatAnIka, sugupta maMtrI, vRSabhadatta aura seThakI patnI subhadrA Adi sabhI candanAke bhAgya kI prazaMsA kara rahe the / nara-nAriyoMke jhuNDa ke jhuNDa candana ke darzana ke liye daur3a par3e aura usake caraNoMkI dhUli apane mastakapara lagAne lge| rAjamArga ThasAThasa bharA thA aura cAroM ora jaya-jayakArakI tumuladhvani ho rahI thI / vandanAko vandanA Aja candanA ke sAtha kodoMke bhI bhAgya khula gaye aura kauzAmbI kRtArthaM ho gayI / usake janma-janmake pAtaka zithila par3a gaye / candanAko AtmazaktikA bodha huA / usakI AtmAke bandhana kSINa ho gaye aura zIlakA upahAra mila gyaa| yaha dRzya itanA alaukika aura adbhuta thA ki candana kI prazaMsA hara vyaktiko jihvApara virAjamAna thii| bhAratIya nArItva amara ho gayA thA mora candana ke satItvakA udAharaNa Adarza rUpa meM upasthita thA / dazoM dizAoMke dvAra khula cuke the aura ghandanAkI AratI ke liye digdiganta taiyAra thA | bhAratIya nArItvako eka ujjvala U~cAI prApta huI thI / candanA kI ber3iyA~ bazIrvAda bana cukI thIM / candanAkA milana kauzAmbIkI rAjamahiSI mRgAvatIko jaba yaha samAcAra jJAta huA, to vaha bhI candanA darzanArthaM dvArapara jA phuNcii| use kyA patA thA ki candanA koI aura nahIM, usakI hI choTI bahana hai| jaba usane candanAko dekhA, to usakI A~kho meM zoka aura harSa ke A~sU chalaka Aye / zokake AMsU isaliye gire ki candanAko rAjaputrI honepara bhI dAsIkA jIvana vyatIta karanA par3A aura harSA isaliye prAdurbhUta hue ki usakI bahana candanAke hAthoMse mahAvIrane AhAra grahaNa kiyA / usane upasthita jana samudAya ke samakSa candanAkA paricaya prastuta kiyA aura rAjabhavana meM calaneke liye anurodha kiyA ! vRSabhadattakI patnI subhadrA candanA ke pairoMpara gira gayI / usakI A~kheM sajala ho gayIM aura mukhapara pazcAttApakA gaharA bhAva utpanna ho gyaa| vaha kaha rahI thI- "bahana mujhe kSamA karo | maiMne tumhAre sAtha ghora anyAya kiyA hai / mere I tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 171

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pApI manane tumheM bhI pAparUpameM hI kalpita kiyA hai| mujhe apane kRtyapara dhora pazcAttApa hai / " candanA - "devI ! tuma bar3I ho| tumhAre caraNa bhujhe chUne cAhiye / tumane merA mahAn upakAra kiyA hai| yadi tumhArA yaha vyavahAra na huA hotA, to mahAvIrakA abhigraha mila hI nahIM pAtA / tumhAre talagharane merA bhAgyodaya kiyA hai / ataeva merI kRtajJatA svIkAra kIjiye / " rAnI mRgAvatIne candanAko rAjabhavanameM calanekA punaH Agraha kiyA aura use apanI bar3I bahanakA Agraha svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| kAlAntara meM mahArAja ceTakako candanAko prAdhikA samAcAra bhejA gayA aura ve candanAko apane ghara livA le gaye / kauzAmbIse bihArakara mahAvora sumaGgala, succhettA aura pAlaka Adi gA~voM meM vicaraNa karate hue campApurI pahuMce aura yahIMpara varSAvAsa samApta kiyA / varSAvAsake dinoM meM mahAvIrane cAra mahonekA upavAsa grahaNa kiyA / isa varSAMvAsa meM unhoMne svAtidattako prabodhita kiyA / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra nAnAprakArase mIna sAdhanA karate hue grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa kara rahe the / ve campAse vihArakara jambhaya gA~va pahu~ce / anya upasarga vyAkSma-tA svarNa tapAye jAnepara hI kuMdana banatA hai / vyakti kI sAdhanA bhI upasarga aura parISahoMke sahana karanepara hI saphala hotI hai| jisa prakAra aJjalikA jala zanai: zanai: hAthase cU jAtA hai usI prakAra upasarga sahanese karmakA kAluSya samApta ho jAtA hai| avicchinna tapasyA hI karma-nirjarAko sampAdita karatI hai / tapazcaryAkI chenI se karmakI nivir3a zrRMkhalAeM kaTa rahI thIM aura dhIre-dhIre vItarAgatA ubhara rahI thI / eka adamya parama jyotikA udaya nikaTa thA aura kevalajJAnakA uSAkAla upasthita thA / AtmAke AvaraNa zithila ho rahe the aura nirmalatAkA teja bar3hatA jA rahA thA / mahAvIrako upasarga - vijaya sAdhAraNa nahIM thI, unhoMne bar3e-se-bar3e upasargoko samatA aura zAMtise sahana kiyaa| unakI dRSTimeM koI zatru mitra nahIM the / sabhI kalyANamitra the / dussaha sAdhanA ke tejase hiMsA, ghRNA, bhaya aura AtaMka niSprabha ho gaye the / vasaMtake dina the / cAroM ora vana vATikAe~ puSpoMse AcchAdita thIM / pakSI sumadhura svaroMmeM kalakala ninAda kara rahe the| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra eka puSpita 172 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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udyAnake mArga se gamana kara rahe the| prakRtikA ramya vAtAvaraNa pazu-pakSI, mAnava aura deva sabhIko AhlAdita kara rahA thA / apsarAoM dvArA prastuta mohaka rAga-bhoga svargakI devAMganAoMke mana meM saMdeha utpanna huA ki mahAvIra kAma-vijayI aura indriya-jayI ho sakate haiM ? ve mahAvIrakI svarNa kAMtimaya dehako dekhakara socane lagIM, ho nahIM sakatA ki aise svastha sundara puruSa ke manameM kAma vikAra utpanna na ho| devAMganAeM mahAvIrake saMyama kI parIkSAeM leneke hetu udyata ho uThIM / basaMtazrIkA mAdaka saurabha sabhIke manako kAma vAsanA se dozila banA rahA thA / devAMganAeM aise hI madhumaya vAtAvaraNameM mahAvIrake samakSa upasthita huI / ve eka-se-eka sundara vastrAbhUSaNoMse alaMkRta thiiN| sabakI saba prakaTa hokara nRtya karane lagIM, gAne lagIM, kAmuka hAva-bhAva pradarzita karane lagIM aura apane kaTAkSoM dvArA apane bhAvoMko prakaTa karane lagIM / azlIlatApUrNa unake vacana aura vikArIbhAva bar3e-bar3e saMnyAsiyoMko vicalita kara sakate the, para mahAvIrapara unakA raMcamAtra bhI prabhAva na pdd'aa| prabhAvakI to bAta hI kyA, mahAvIra ne unakI ora dRSTi uThAkara bhI nahIM dekhA / Akhira ve hArakara tIrthaMkara mahAvIra se apane aparAdhoMke liye kSamA-yAcanA karane lagIM / mahAvIrakI yazogAthA cAroM ora phaila gayI aura kAma-vijayI ke rUpa meM ve sarvatra samAdRta hone lage / mahAvIrane indriyoMke vikAroMko jIta liyA thA / ve svakI upalabdhi aura svaniSTha AnandakI khIjameM salagna the / saMsArakA bar3e-sebar3A pralobhana unake liye tuccha yA saMsArakI bhoga-vAsanA aura durgaMdhabharI galiyoMse bhaTakanA unheM svIkAra nahIM thA / ve socate - "vikRtiyoMke kIr3oMse kulabulAtA jIvana bho kyA jIvana hai ? jIvanakI nirvikAra pavitratA evaM ananta satyakI upalabdhi hI jIvanakA mahAn uddezya hai / ve parama satya aura parama Anandako prApta karaneke liye prayatnazIla the / I svayaM buddha mahAvorakI sAdhanA jar3a nahIM, sacetana thI aura sacetana sAdhanA gatihIna nahIM hotii| sAdhanAkI sacetanatA jJAnapara avalambita hai / ve zramaNasAdhanA meM saMlagna the / unake kadama sUnI aura anajAnI rAhoMpara dRr3hatA se bar3ha rahe the ! unhoMne na to kabhI kisIko DarAyA aura na svayaM kabhI bhayabhIta hue / unake dhyAnayogakI sAdhanA AtmAnandakI sAdhanA thii| bhayase pare, pralobhanase pare, dveSase pare, zarIra meM rahakara bhI zarIrase alaga, zarIrakI anubhUtise pRthaka, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 173

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jIvanako AzA aura maraNa ke bhaya se ve vipramukta the / kAyotsargakA artha unakI dRSTimeM dehabhAvakI vismRti, deha meM videhabhAva, zarIra se sambandhita moha-mamatva kA tyAga yA / nizcayataH mahAvIrakA sAdhanAkAla bar3A vikaTa thA / usa yugakA janamAnasa bar3A hI saMkIrNa aura svArthapUrNa thA / vizvahitakI dizA meM sarvasva tyAgakara nikale hue sAdhakako itanA utpIr3ana, aisI bhayaMkara bAdhAeM evaM aisI nirdayatApUrNa yAtanAeM dI jA sakatI haiM, yaha mahAborake jIvanase spaSTa hai / mahAvIrake upasargoM kI kathA jAnakara sahRdaya zrotAkA tana-mana kAMpa uThatA hai, mana sihara jAtA hai, para mahAvIra aise the, jaise eka prazAMta mahAsAgara, jisameM kabhI tUphAna nahIM uThatA / maitrIbhAvanAkA aisA sarvocca Adarza, jise phUla aura kAMToMse samAna pyAra ho / satAnevAleke prati bhI eka sahaja karuNA, kalyANakI kAmanA aura unake utthAnako bhAvanA nihita thii| hama prAyaH dekhate haiM ki manuSya anAdi kAlase dUsaroMkI zikAyata karatA calA bhA rahA hai / mahAvIra ko apane satAnevAloMse bhI koI zikAyata nahIM thI / unakA cintana thA - " jo pA rahA hU~, vaha apanA hI kiyA pA rahA huuN| jo bhoga rahA hU~, apanA hI kiyA bhoga rahA huuN| dUsaroMkA koI doSa nahIM, doSa to merA hai / " " anya vyakti kisIke sukha-duHkha meM nimita to ho sakate haiM, karttA nahIM / karttA manuSya svayaM hI hotA hai| jo kartA hai, vahI bhoktA bhI hogA / kartA koI ho aura bhoktA koI ho, yaha kaise sambhava hogaa| jo kRta hai, use bhoge vinA bandhanamukti nahIM / " isa prakArakA cintana bhI mahAvIrako prArambhika bhUmikAmoMmeM ho rahA | mAge calakara to ve ina samasta vikalpoMse rahita ho gye| mere aura terekA koI vikalpa nahIM / karane aura bhogane kA bhI koI vicAra nahIM / antalInatAke kSaNoMmeM kiyA gayA dhyAna-yoga nirvAsa kakSameM prajvalita dIpa zikhAke samAna sthita ho jAtA hai| usa samaya na azubhakI lahara uThatI hai aura na zubhakI / yaha to zuddhopayogako sthiti hotI hai| AtmA vikalpase avikalpakI ora aura cintanakI ora bhAtI hai / isa zuddhasthitiko prApta karanA ho to sAdhakakA lakSya hai| bhavarA dvArA pradatta upasagavara vijaya ujjayanIke cAturmAsakI kathA tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake anupama zaurya aura vIratvakA citra upasthita karato hai / isa prakArake upasagaM bar3e-bar3e sAhasiyoM ke bhI 174 : torthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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sAhasako tor3a dete haiN| mahAvIra jaise asAdhAraNa sAhasI hI isa prakArake upasargoM meM saphala ho pAte haiM / mahAvIra jina dinoM meM sAdhanA kara rahe the, una dinoM ujjayinI meM baliprathAkA bar3A jora thA | devatAoMkI pUjA meM prAya: pazuoMkI bali dI jAtI thI / mahAvIrane yaha varSAvAsa zmazAnameM grahaNa kiyA thaa| isa zmazAna meM bhava nAmaka rudra nivAsa karatA thA / vaha mahAvIrako dekhate hI kopase jala uThA / yataH vaha mahAvIra ke ahiMsaka vicAroMse paricita thA / vaha nahIM cAhatA thA ki ve apanA varSAvAsa ujjayinI meM kreN| use bhaya thA ki mahAvIrakI ahiMsA-sAdhanA ke prabhAva se yahA~kI bali prathA banda ho jAyagI / ataeva ujjayinIse mahAvIrako haTAneke liye agaNita atyAcAra aura upasarga kiye| vaha cAroM ora se agni jalAkara mahAvIrako yantraNA dene lagA / kabhI vaha dhUli -miTTIkI varSA karatA, kabhI kaMkar3a-patthara girAtA aura mUsalAdhAra jalavarSA kara mahAvIrako bhigo detA aura tIkSNa tuphAna calAkara unakI haDDiyoM taka ko zIta se jakar3a detA / bhayAvatI aura mahAvIrako DarAtA, dhamakatA / kamI sarpa banakara unheM iMsatA, to kabhI siMha banakara unheM khA jAnA cAhatA / isaprakAra usa rudrane tIrthaMkara mahAvIrapara vibhinna prakArake hiMsaka upasarga kiye| para mahAvIra himAlayakI caTTAna ke samAna dRr3ha bane rahe aura ina upasargoM se tanika bhI vicalita na hue / unake samatvayogakI sAdhanA bar3hatI jA rahI ghI / viSa amRta bana rahA thaa| rAga aura dveSa cUra-cUra hokara vItarAgatAyeM pariNata ho rahe the / unheM apanI sahAyatAke liye kisI anyakI AvazyakatA nahIM thI / jaba rudra thaka gayA aura mahAvIrakA kucha na bigAr3a sakA, to vaha unakI asAdhAraNa vIratAkI prazaMsA karatA huA kaha uThA ki ye to mahAn mahAvIra yA ativIra haiN| inheM sAdhanA - mArga se koI bhI vicalita nahIM kara sakatA / inhoMne apane zarIrako saMyamakI agni meM tapAyA hai / sy sAr3he bAraha varSoMke sAdhanAkAla ke adhikAMza bhAgako nirAhAra rahakara vyatIta kiyA / bAraha varSa, chahamAsa aura pandrah dinake apane sAdhanA - kAlameM mahAvIrane kevala 350 dina ho AhAra grahaNa kiyA / mahAvIrake tapazcaraNakA vivaraNa nimna prakAra haichahamAsI anazana tapa 1 pakSopavAsa 72 1 pA~cadina kama chahmAsI tapa cAturmAsika traimAsika 1 bhadrapratimA do dinapara upavAsa 9 mahAbhadrapratimA cAra dinapara upavAsa 1 2 sarvatobhadrapratimA dasa dinapara upavAsa 1 sIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 175 J2 "

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221 ar3hAI mAsika 2 SaSThopavAsa (velA) domAsI 6 aSTamabhaka (telA) Der3hamAsI , 2 pAraNAke dina 349 ekamAsI " 12 dIkSAkA dina spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra upasarga aura parISahakI ghar3iyoMmeM bhI anAkula rahate, vicalita nahIM hote the ! ve ugratapasvI, ghoratapasvI yA do,tapasvI the / unakA tapa vivekakI sImA Abaddha thA / ve sahaja tapasvI the / ve kSamAke kSIrasAgara the / avajJA aura avamAnanA sahana karanekA unheM abhyAsa thaa| loga unapara dhUla pheMkate, patthara mArate, unheM noca DAlane ke liye zikArI kutte bhI chor3ate, para mahAvIra zAnta rahate / kisIko kucha bhI nahIM kahate / udaNDa virodhiyoMke prati bhI sauhArda evaM saujanyapUrNa madhurabhAva vidyamAna thaa| vANImeM to kyA, manameM bhI kaTutA nahIM hotI thii| jisa prakAra viliyAM yA ulkAe~ sAgarameM girakara svayaM zAnta ho jAtI, sAgamA pula nahIM nigAmanI sAkAra mahAnorako kapara kiye gaye upasarga svayaM hI zAnta ho jAte aura unameM kisI bhI prakArakA vikAra utpanna nahIM kara pAte / mahAvIra apanI tapaHsAdhanAmeM aDiga the| unhoMne AtmaniSThA aura jJAna-dhyAnake abhyAsa dvArA samatAbhAvako jAgRti kara lI thI / aihika sukha-duHkha, AkulattA aura vyAkulatA evaM moha-mamatA sabhI unase dUra the| mahAvIrane AsayakA nirodhakara saMvara aura nirjarAko sakriya banAyA thaa| unakI AtmAkI ananta tejasvitA jJAnake udayAcalakI ora mAMka rahI thii| kaivalyopalabdhi vaizAkhazuklA dazamo, 23 aprila I0 pU0 557 kA zubha dina mAnavatAke itihAsameM amara hai / isa zubha tithimeM mahAvIra RjukUlA nadIke taTapara sthita jambhRkA grAgake nikaTa zAlivRkSake nIce dhyAnamagna ho gaye the aura kSapakatreNIkA ArohaNakara kevalajJAnako AvRta karanevAlI karmaprakRtiyoMkA kSaya karane hetu dhyAnastha the / phalasvarUpa inhoMne nirmala cittase AjJA-vicaya Adi cAra mahAn dharma-dhyAnoMkA abhyAsa kiyA / anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, mithyAttra, samyaktva aura samyamithyAtva, tiyaMcAyu, devAyu, narakAyu ina daza karmaprakRttiyoMko (tIna AyuoMkA to abandha thA, zeSa sAta prakRtiyoMkA) caturtha. guNasthAnase saptama guNasthAnake madhya kSayakara diyaa| karmarUpI zatruoMko naSTa karane ke liye tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane zukladhyAnakA abhyAsa kiyA aura kSapakazreNo ArUr3ha hokara stpAnagRddhi, nidrA-nidrA, pracalApracalA; narakagati, 176 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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sirthaJcagati, ekendrima, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriyarUpa pAra jAtiyoM, narakagati, narakagatyAnupUrvI, tiggati, tiyaMgatyAnupUrvI, Atapa, udyota, sthAyara, sUkSma, sAdhAraNa ina solaha karmaprakRtiyoMko naSTa kiyaa| mahAvIra zukladhyAnakI sAdhanAdvArA anivRttikaraNa nAmaka guNasthAnake prathama bhAgameM avasthita rahe / punaH isI guNasthAnake dvitIya bhAgameM cAritradhAtaka ATha kaSAyoMko, tuttIya bhAgameM napuMsakavedako, caturtha bhAgameM strIvedako, paMcama bhAgameM hAsyAdi SaTko, SaSTha 'mAga puruSavedako, saptama bhAga saMjvalana koSakA, aSTama bhAgameM saMjvalana mAnako aura navama bhAgameM saMjvalana mAyAko kSINa kiyaa| anantara dazama guNasthAnako bhUmipara Arohita ho sUkSmasaMjvalana lobhakA vinAza kiyaa| isa prakAra samasta mohanIya karmako naSTakara bArahaveM kSINakaSAya guNasthAnakA ArohaNa kiyaa| isa bArahaveM guNasthAnake do samayoMmeMse upAntya samayameM nidrA aura pracalA ina do karmaprakRtiyoMko tathA anta samayameM pAMca jJAnAvaraNa, cAra darzanAvaraNa aura pAMca antarAya ina caudaha karmaprakRtiyoMkA nAza kiyA / isa prakAra dvAdaza guNasthAna taka vesaTha karmaprakRtiyoMkA vinAzakara trayodaza guNasthAnakA yArohaNa kiyaa| isa guNasthAnArohaNase mahAvIrakI zubhratA aura ujjvalatA sarvatra prakaTa ho rahI thI / ghAtiyAkoMkI 47 aura aghAtiyAkamakI solaha prakRtiyA~ kula milAkara vesaTha prakRtiyA~ vigalita honese kaivalya-sUryakA udaya ho gayA / mahAvIrakI saumya mudrAmeM sarvazatA taraMgAyita ho rahI thii| karmazatraoMne AtmArpaNa kara diyA thA aura zAna-prAcIpara kaivalya-bhAskara udita ho cukA thA / jisa prakAra sUryodaya honepara sarvatra prakAza vyApta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra kaivalyodaya honepara divya teja vyApta ho gayA thA / ___ ananta saukhyakI anupama vibhUtise gharAkA kaNa-kaNa muskurA uThA aura asta mAnavatA trANake hetu AzAnvita ho gayI / rAga-dveSake vikalpa zAnta ho cuke thebora AtmAne nirvikalpaka sthitiko prApta kara liyA thA / samasAke samakSa viSamatAkA astitva samApta ho gayA thA / ___ mahAvIrako kevalyabodha yA sasyakI upalabdhi jisa dina huI usakA ullekha karate hue AcArya yativRSabhane likhA hai vaisAhasuddhadasamI maghAriksammi vIraNAhassa / rijukUlaNadItIre avarohe kevalaM gANaM / -ti0 4 / 1701 tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 174

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vaizAkha zuklA dazamI (23 apraila I0pU0 557) kA zubha dina thA, jisa dina mahAtapasyI mahAvIrako kevalajJAna utpanna huA / usa dina aparAhna kAla aura madhA nakSatra thA / RjakulA nadIkA pAvana saTa thaa| jambhikA gAMva nikaTa thA / zAlivRkSake nIce dhyAnamagna hokara kSapakaztreNIkA ArohaNa karate hue ghAtikokI 47 aura aghAtikarmokI 16 kula 63 prakRttiyoMko nirasta karake mahAvIrane kaivalya upalabdha kiyA thaa| kaivasyaprApti-sthAna : vibhinna mAnyatAeM isa kaivalya-prApti-sthAnake sambandhameM vidvAnoMmeM vivAda hai :-- bAbU kAmatAprasAdajIne jhariyAko jambhika gA~va mAnA hai| ApakA abhimatta hai ki prAcIna lATadezakA vijayabhUmi prAnta vartamAna vihArake antargata choTAnAgapura DivIz2anake mAnabhUmi aura siMhabhUmimeM hai / zrInandalAla De bhI jhariyAko hI jumbhika gAMva mAnate haiM / yahA~kI barAkara nadI hI prAcIna RjuphUlA hai / isa kathanameM eka hI bAta vicAraNIya hai vaha hai bhagavAnkI kevalajJAna-prAptikA mami honA mAgavigAra goyalaya zitAnte samaya yahA~kI bhUmise prathama bAra patthara nikalatA hai ! ataH yaha bhUmi yathArthameM vanabhUmi hai| Agama-sAhityake bhaugolika nirdezAnusAra isa gAMvako vanabhUmimeM honA cAhiye / zvetAmbara Agama-sAhityameM jambhika gAMvakI sthiti lATadezameM mAnI gayI hai| muni zrIkalyANavijayajI isa mAmako sthitike viSayameM likhate haiM :"mbhika gAMvako avasthitipara vidvAnoMkA aikamatya nahIM hai / paramparAke anusAra sammedazikharase dakSiNameM bAraha kosapara dAmodara nadIke pAsa jo jammiya gAMva hai, vahI pracIna jambhika gA~va hai| koI sammedazikharase dakSiNa-pUrva meM lagabhaga pacAsa mIlapara AjI nadIke pAsavAle jamagAmako prAcIna jambhiya gAMva batAte haiN| hamAre mAnyatAnusAra jambhika gAMvakI avasthiti ina donoM sthAnoMse bhinna sthAnameM honI cAhiye, kyoMki mahAvIrake vihAra-varNanase ambhiya gAMva campAke nikaTa kahIM rahA hogaa|" maulika virodha bAbU kAmatAprasAdadvArA anumAnita sthAna zariyA prAcIna jambhiya yA jumbhika gA~va nahIM hai / isa sthAnako RjukUlA nadIke kinAre honA caahiye| 1. bAbU kAmatAprasAda : bhagavAn mahAvIra / 2. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, pR0 370 / 178 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya-paramparA

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barAkara nadI RjukUlAkA apabhraMza nahIM hai aura na kSariyAmeM koI bhI aisA prAcIna cihna hI upalabdha hai, jisase ise tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA kevalajJAnasthAna mAnA jA sake / bAbU kAmatAprasAda mAM svayaM isa sthAnaka viSaya meM pUrNa asandigdha nahIM hai | muni kalyANavijayako to svayaM hI isa sthAnakI svasthitike viSaya meM AzaMkA hai, para itanA unheM nizcaya hai ki yaha sthAna campAke nikaTa hI kahIM honA cAhiye / AvazyakacUrNike anusAra mahAvIra kevalI honeke pUrva campAse jambhaya, bhiNDiya, chammANI hote hue madhyamA pAvA gaye the aura madhyamAse phira jambhaya gA~va gaye the, jahA~ unheM kevalajJAna prApta huA thaa| isa varNanase lagatA hai ki jammiya grAma aura RjupAlikA nadI donoM madhyamAke rAstemeM campAke nikaTa hI kahIM hone cAhiye / jRmbhika yA jambhiya grAmako avasthiti varttamAna vihArake bhUgolakA adhyayana karane tathA bihArake katipaya sthAnoMkA paryaTana karane para avagata hotA hai ki mahAvIrakA kaivalyaprApti-sthAna vartamAna muMgera se dakSiNako ora pacAsa mIlakI dUrIpara sthita jamuI gA~va hai / yaha sthAna vartamAna kvila nadI ke taTapara hai / yahI nadI RjukUlAkA apabhraMza hai / kvila sTezana se jamuI gA~va aThAraha unnIsa mIlakI dUrIpara avasthita haiN| jamuIse cAra mIla uttarakI aura kSatriya kuNDa aura kAkalI nAmaka sthAna haiN| ina sthAnoMkI prAcInatA Aja bho prasiddha hai / jamuIle tIna mIla dakSiNa enameMgar3ha nAmaka eka prAcIna TIlA hai| karnighamane ise indradvimanapAlakA mAnA hai / yahA~para khudAI meM miTTIkI aneka mudrAeM prApta huI haiM / varSAkAlameM adhika pAnI barasanepara yahA~ apane Apa hI aneka manoza mUrtiyA~ nikala AtI haiM / jamuI aura licchavAr3a ke bIca meM mahAdevasimariyA gA~va hai| yahA~ sarovara ke madhya eka tIna-cAra sau varSa purAnA mandira bhI hai| isa mandirameM kucha prAcIna jaina pratimAeM bhI haiN| jamuIse 15-16 mIlapara lakkhIsarAya hai / yahA~ para eka parvatazreNI hai, jisameM se prativarSa aneka bauddha aura jaina mUrtiyAM nikalatI haiM / jamuI aura rAjagRhake bIca sikandarA gA~va hai tathA sikandarA aura lakkhIsarAyake madhya meM eka Amravana hai / kahA jAtA hai ki isa Amravana meM bhagavAna mahAvorane tapazcaraNa kiyA thaa| Aja bhI yahA~ke nikaTavartI loga isa vanako pAvana mAnakara isake vRkSoMkI pUjA karate haiM / 1. lekhakane svayaM jAkara dekhA aura jAnakArI prApta ko / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 179

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'jamuI gA~vakI bhaugolika sthitise prakaTa hai ki jaina sAhityameM ullikhita yaha 'RjukulA' nadI vartamAna apabhraMza 'kvila' nadI hI hai aura isakA taTavartI vartamAna 'amuI' gA~va hI 'mbhika' grAma hai| hamAre isa kathanakI puSTi AgamoMmeM vaNita bhUgola aura mahAvIrake vihAra-pradezake varNanase bhI hotI hai| yahA~ pracalita kiMvadantiyA~ aura upalabdha purAtattva bhI isako puSTi meM sahAyaka haiN| 'jamuIke dakSiNa lagabhaga 4-5 mAlakI dUrIpara eka kaivAlA nAmaka grAma hai, jo mahAvIrake kevalajJAnotpatti-sthAnakI smRtiko banAye rakhane ke liye hI prasiddha huA hogA / isa gAMvake samIpa barasAtI 'aJjana' nadI bahatI hai, jisake kinArepara bAla adhika pAyI jAtI hai / sikandarAbAda tathA kevAlI-nivAsiyoMse bAteM karanepara ve kahate haiM ki yahI 'kevAlI' bhagavAna mahAvIrakA kevala' jJAna-sthAna hai tathA 'aMjana' nadIko 'RjupAlikA' yA RjubAlikA' basalAte haiN| vezAkhazuklA dazamIke dina yahA~ sAmUhika rUpase utsava bhI manAyA jAtA hai| sikandarAbAdake nivAsI zrIbhagavAnadAsa kezarIne isa sthAnase aneka purAsasvAvazeSoMkA saMkalana kiyA hai tathA unake pAsa aisI aneka kimbadantiyAM bhI saMgrahIta haiM, jinase 'jamuI kA nikaTavartI pradeza mahAvIrakA kaivalyaprApti-sthAna siddha hotA hai|' 'jamuI se rAjagira lagabhaga 30 mIlakI dUrIpara hai| jhariyAse campA aura rAjagRhakI dUrI sau-savAso mIlase bhI adhika hai| 'jamuI campAke bhI nikaTa hai / ataH yaha nizcita hai bhagavAn mahAvIrakA boSi-sthAna aisI jagaha thA, jo rAjagRha aura campA donoMse 30.35 molakI dUrIse adhika na thaa| 'jamuI bhI vanabhUmi hai / yahA~ bhI pRthvIke nIce patthara nikalate haiM, pahADI sthAna bhI hai| 'vivala' nadokA taTavartI pradeza hai / jamIna patharIlI aura ubar3a-khAbar3a hai / ata: mahAvIrakA kevalajJAna-sthAna 'amuI' grAmakA nikaTavartI vaha pradeza, jahA~ Ajakala 'kevAlI' grAma basA hai, honA cAhiye / kevalajJAna arcanA mahAvIrake kevalajJAna-kalyANakakA utsava sampanna karane ke lie catunikAyake deva aura manuSya ekatra hae | sabhIne bhaktibhAvapUrvaka unake kevalajAnakI pUjA ko / RjukUlAkA taTa mukharita thA / bAraha varSa, pA~ca mAsa aura pandraha dinakI duddharSa tapazcaryAkA phala arhatvake rUpameM prApta ho cukA thaa| tIrthaMkaraprakRtikA udaya honese divya dezanAkA sAmayaM utpanna ho gayA thaa| 1. lekhakane svayaM jAkara dekhA aura jAnakArI prApta kI hai| 180 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya-paramparA

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saptama pariccheda gaNadhara, samavazaraNa, ziSya evaM nirvANa samavazaraNa : pIyUSa - vANIkI AkAMza I tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane arhatva prApta kara liyA / unake jJAnake apUrva prakAzase sArA saMsAra jagamagA uThA, dizAe~ zAnta evaM vizuddha ho gayIM / manda manda sukhada padana bahane lagA / saudharma indra aura anya caturnikAyadeva mahAvIrake kevalajJAna-kalyANakakI pUjA kara cuke the / indrane apane koSAdhyakSa kuberako bulAyA aura eka vizAla sabhA maNDapa - samavazaraNako racanAkA Adeza diyA / indrakI abhilASA thI ki vigata 23 tIrthaMkaroMke samAna antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bhI apanI dezanAdvArA saMsArake saMtrasta, santapta prANiyoMko zAnti pradAna kareM / isa udda ezyakI pUtike liye RjukUlAke taTapara avilamba samaca - 181 - Nag

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zaraNako svanA kI gyii| kubera harSita thA aura use apanA vaibhava akiMcana laga rahA thaa| vizAla bhavya samavazaraNa racA gyaa| usakI zAbhA apratima aura sajAvaTa advitIya tho / dharatIke vakSasthalapara nirmita yaha samavazaraNa vizvake gauravakA prasIka thaa| isake cAroM dvAroMke Age dharma-dhvajoMse maNDita mAnastambha aura dharmacakra suzobhita yA samavazaraNa prAkAra, caitya vRkSa, dhvajA, panavedo, toraNa, stUpa Adi ratnamaya evaM jina-pratimAoMse yukta the / prANI isa sabhA-maNDapameM pahu~cate hI Ani-vyAdhi bhUla jAtA thaa| dharmamaya dAtAvaraNameM vaha nirAkula ho jAtA thaa| isa sabhA-maNDapameM manuSya hI nahIM, pazu-pakSI taka pahuMca kara apanA kalyANa karate the| samavazaraNa dvAdaza koSThakoMmeM baTA huA thA, jinameM sAdhu-AryikA, deva-devAGganA aura pazu-pakSI baiThate the| isake madhyameM gandhakuTI thI, jisameM eka svarNasiMhAsana rakhA huA thaa| mahAvIra itane nirlipta aura nirmohI the ki usakA sparza bhI unheM nahIM hotA thaa| unako puNyaprakRtiyoMse zarIra itanA sUkSma aura sundara ho gayA thA ki vaha adhika sthUla padArthakA Azraya na cAhakara AkAzameM hI sthira thaa| siMhAsanapara svarNa-kamala banA thA, jisase yaha pratibhAsita hotA thA ki bhagavAn kamalAsanapara virAjita haiN| yaha samavazaraNa AtmAnuzAsanakA pratIka thaa| yahAM kisI prakArako AkulatA nahIM thI, sabhI prANI zAnta, vinamra aura anuzAsita the / sthApatyakalAko dRSTise bhI yaha eka alaukika udAharaNa thaa| sarvaprathama dhUlisAlakoTa banA huA thA, isake Age mAnastambha aura mAnastambhake Age vApikAe~ vidyamAna thI / vApikAoMse kucha dUra jAnepara jalapUrNa parikhA, isake Age latAvana aura tadanantara prathama parikoTa AtA thaa| isa koTake dvAra para deva dvArapAlake rUpameM vidyamAna the aura gopuradvArapara ATha maMgaladravya sthita the| isake Age dUsarA parikoTa vidyamAna thA, jisameM azokavana, saptaparNavana, campakavana aura Amravana ye cAra vana vidyamAna the| ina vanoMmeM caityavana bhI the, jinake vRkSoMpara tIrthaMkaroMkI pratimAeM virAjamAna thiiN| yahA~ kinnara-jAtiko deviyA~ tIrthaMkarakA guNagAna karatI huI parilakSita hotI thiiN| isake pazcAt cAra gopuradvAroM sahita valavedikA ullaMghana karanepara aneka bhavanoMse yukta pRthvI aura stUpa avasthita the| ye bhavana tIna, cAra aura pAMca khaNDoMke the| bhavanoMke bIca meM ralatoraNa lage hue the| jinameM mUrtiyA~ aMkita thIM / yahA~ ratnamaya stUpa bhI suzobhita hotA thaa| 182 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya-paramparA

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isake Age AkAzameM sphaTikakA banA huA tRtIya koTa thaa| isake dvArapara kalpavAsI deva upasthita rahakara paharA dete the / unase AjJA lekara athavA binA bAzA liye ho sabhA meM praveza karate the| yaha cAroM ora eka yojana lambAghor3A aura gola zrImaNDapa banA huA thA / isake madhya meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra suzobhita the / bAraha kakSoM meM kramazaH muni, kalpavAsinI deviyA~ AryikAe~", mahArAniyA~ evaM anya striyAM jyotiSodevoMkI striyAM vyantaradevoMkI striya; bhavanavAsIdevoMkI striyAM; bhavanavAsIdeva, vyantaradeva, jyotiSIdeva; kalpavAsIdeva; sabhI prakArake puruSa aura sabhI prakArake mRgAdi pazu-pakSI upasthita the / torthaMkara mahAvIrako dezanA sunaneke liye janasamUha ekatra ho rahA thA / indra bhI apane vizAla parivAra sahita A phuNcaa| usane tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA arcana, vandana kiyA aura samavazaraNake niyamAnusAra apane kakSameM beTha gayA / isa sabhAmaNDapameM jJAnAloka vyApta thA aura timira chinna karanevAlI prakAzavyavasthA bhI bar3I mahanIya thI / rAta-dinakA bheda miTa gayA thA aura prakAza-hIprakAza sarvatra dikhalAyI par3atA thA / jo bhI prANI isa samavazaraNa sabhA meM AyA, usake hRdayase vaira, dveSa, krodha, hiMsA evaM pratizodhako dUSita bhAvanAeM samApta thIM aura unake pariNAma itane nirmala the ki ve janmajAta zatrutAko bhI vismRta kara cuke the| samasta antarvirodha samApta ho gaye the / gAya - siMha, bhRga-vyAghra, mArjAra- mUSaka bar3e nirmalabhAvase ekasAtha sthita rahakara tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI divya vANIkI utkaNThApUrvaka pratIkSA kara rahe the / agaNita zrotA mahAvIrako ora apalaka dRSTi the / unake manaHprANa torthaMkarako pIyUSa vANIko sunane kI pratIkSA kara rahe the| mahAvIrako saumya mukhamudrA sabhIko apanI ora AkRSTa kara rahI thii| unakI mukhAbhA divyabhASA banI huI thii| unakI mudrA avicala, vacanAtota aura bhASAtIta thI / anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIryako ujjvalatA sarvatra vidyamAna thI / samavazaraNa sabhA meM ekatra sabhI prANivarga udgrova hokara mahAvIrakI dezanA sunane ke liye lAlAyita the / bezanA avarodha aura indrako cintA mahAvIrako divyajJAnakI prApti vaizAkha zuklA dazamIke dina aparAhna kAlameM ho cukI thI / ASAr3hakA mAsa vyatIta hone jA rahA thA, para abhI taka mahAvIrakI dezanA Arambha nahIM huI thii| vidvajjana, devagaNa evaM anya vicArazIla vyakti dezanAke avarodhake sambandha meM vicAra kara rahe the / ve tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 183

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cintita the ki torthaMkara mahAvIrane apane tapasyA - kAlameM mauna rahakara sAdhanAkI, unhoMne koI dezanA nahIM dii| unake samparka se dRSTiviSa jaise sapaM aura zUlapANi jaise yakSa avazya upakRta hue the / pUrvatIrthaMkara ki samAna sarvabhUta- hitArthaM mahAvIrakI divyadhvanikA lAbha hameM avazya honA cAhiye / para yaha kyA ? dina ginate-ginate paiMsaTha dina bIta gaye aura mahAvIrakI divyavANI prakaTa nahIM huI / zrotAoMne manako samajhAyA ki abhI kAlalandhi nahIM AyI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki prabhukI dezanAmeM bilamba hai / ina dinoM meM sabhA maNDapameM kitane hI loga Aye, kucha Akara lauTa gaye aura kucha bhavyaprANI divyadhvanikI pratIkSA karate hue upasthita rahe / dina-para-dina aura rAta-para-rAta vyatIta hotI gayI; para tIrthaMkarakI vANI mukharita na huI / upasthita janasamudAya nirAza hone lagA aura bAjIke avaruddha honeke kAraNakI jijJAsA karane lgaa| sabhI loga stabdha the, basamaMjasa - meM the, para samAdhAna kisIke pAsa na thA / saba jAnate the ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra mUkavalI nahIM / unakA upadeza avazya hogA / para kaba hogA ? aura abataka kyoM avaruddha hai ? isakI jAnakArI kisIko nahIM thI / paiMsaTha dinoM taka samavazaraNa bhI eka sthAnapara nahIM raha sakA aura tIrtha kara mahAvIra vihAra karate hue rAjagRhake nikaTa vipulAcalapara Aye / yahA~ bhI kuberane pUrvavat sabhA maNDapa - samavazaraNakI racanA kI / asaMkhya zrotA isa sabhA meM bhI upasthita the, para gatirodha jyoM-kA-tyoM banA huA thA / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI vANIke prakaTa na honese saudharma indrako cintA utpanna huI aura usane jJAna-gaMgAke avaruddha rahane ke kAraNoMko jAnakArI cAhI / saudharma indrane avadhijJAnase jJAta kiyA ki samyak aura yathArtha jJAnI gaNadhara ke abhAva meM jJAna gaMgA rukI huI hai| use avatarita karane ke liye kisI bhagIrathakI AvazyakatA hai| jaba taka saccA jijJAsu aura zrutajJAnakA dhAraka vyakti upasthita na hogA, taba taka tIrthaMkara kI divyadhvani sambhava nahIM hai / samavazaraNa meM isa samayakoI bhI aisA vyakti nahIM hai, jo tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI vANIko sune, samajhe aura ThIka-ThIka usakI vyAkhyA kara ske| jaba taka jJAnakI gUr3hatAkA jJAtA yathAsthitikA saMvana karanevAlA vyakti isa sabhA meM upasthita nahIM hogA, taba taka tIrthaMkarakI vANI mukharita nahIM ho skegii| ataeva mujhe gaNagha' kI khoja karanI hai / jisa prakAra tIrthakara tIrtha kA nirmAtA hotA hai aura zrutarUpa jJAnaparamparAkA puraskartA hotA hai, usI prakAra- gaNadhara tIrtha-vyavasthApaka, niyojaka 184 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya-paramparA

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aura tIrthaMkaroMkI artharUpa vANIkA vyAsthAtA hotA hai| pratyeka tIrthakarake sorca meM gaNaghara eka atyAvazyaka uttaradAyitvapUrNa aura mahAna prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva hotA hai / vaha inake pAdamUlameM dIkSita hotA hai| vastutaH sAdhanAke kSetrameM vyakti svayaM apanA vikAsa kara sakatA hai, para sAdhanAko siddha karake usake prakAzako bana-banake jIvanameM prasArita karaneke hetu mahAna vyaktitva-sampanna vyakti bhI samAjameM jaba praviSTa hotA hai athavA saMgha evaM samAjako sthApanA karatA hai, taba use isake liye sahayogoMke spameM tejasvI vyaktisvakI apekSA hotI hai| yataH sahayogake binA kAryako sAkAra rUpa nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| jAnako abhivyakti karaneke lie kriyAkA sahayoga Avazyaka hai| vyaktikA AcAra hI vyaktike vicArako abhivyakti de sakatA hai| AcArake vinA vicAra sAkAra rUpa grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA hai| isI prakAra pradAlu evaM karmaniSTha vyakti hI mahAn tejasvI vyaktitvakI tejasvitAko jana-janake samakSa prakaTa kara sakatA hai| pratyeka tIrthakarake lie ganaparako nitAnta mAvazyakatA hai| tIrthakarakI zAna-sAdhanA gaNavarake dvArA hI abhivyaktiko prApta hotI hai| ataH mahAvIrakI divyajJAnadhArAko grahaNa karanevAphA kamAkara parasA mArA hai| somicha aura inabhUti ___ magadhameM Arya sromila nAmaka eka vidvAna brAhmaNa brAhmaNavargakA netRtva apane hAthameM liye hue pUrvIya bhAratameM batyanta pratiSThita vaa| usane madhyamA pAvAmeM eka virAT yazakA Ayojana kiyA, jisameM pUrvI bhAgoMke bar3e-bar3e diggaja vidvAnoMko unake ziSya-parivAra sahita Amantrita kiyA / isa mahAyajJake avasarapara bedavirodhI vicAradhArAke kar3e prativAdake upAmoMpara evaM sAdhAraNa janatAko punaH vaidikavicAroMko bora AkRSTa karaneke sAdhanoMpara bhI vicAra karaneke nimitta yojanA banAI gaI thii| isa mahAyajJakA netRtva magadha ke prasiddha vidvAna evaM prakANDa tarkazAstrI indrabhUti gautamake hAyameM thaa| isa anuSThAnameM sahasroM vidvAnoM ke sAtha agnibhUti, vAyubhUti Adi ekAdaza mahApaNDita upasthita the| vaidika vicAradhArAke samarthaka apane vikharate huye prabhutvakI punaH sthApanAhetu vahA~ sammilita the | Arya somilako bayadhvani bAkAma taka pahuMca rahI sso| inH mUti gautama :suthA zraddhAkA dvAra indrabhUti gautamakA janma bhagadha-janapadake gobara grAma meM huA thaa| inakI sIkara mahAvIra baura unakI dezanA : 185

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mAtAkA nAma pRthvI aura pitA nAma vasubhUti thA / inakA gotra gautama thA / gautamakA vyutpattijanya artha hai - 'gobhistamo dhvastaM yasya' - buddhike dvArA jisakA andhakAra naSTa ho gayA hai athavA jisane andhakAra naSTa kiyA hai| yoM to 'gautama' zabda kula evaM vaMzakA vAcaka hai| Rgaveda meM bhI gotamanAmase aneka sUkta milate haiN| isa nAmadhArI aneka vyakti ho cuke haiM / indrabhUti gauttamakA vyaktitva virAT evaM prabhAvazAlI thA / dUra-dUra taka unakI vidvattAkI dhAka vidyamAna thI / 500 chAtra unake pAsa adhyayana karate the / inake vyApaka prabhAvake kAraNa hI somila AyeMne isa mahAyajJakA dhArmika netRtva inake hAtha meM sauMpA thA / magadha- janapadake sahasroM nAgarika dUra-dUrase isa yajJake darzana karane Aye the / rAjagRhake nikaTa vipulAcalapara nirmita samavazaraNa meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI dezanA sunaneke lie asaMkhya deva vimAnoM dvArA puSpoMkI varSA karate hue jA rahe tha e / AkAzamArga jayajayakArakI dhvanise gUMjita thaa| jisa prakAra choTI-choTI saritAe~ bRhat samudra meM sammilita hotI haiM, usI prakAra nara-nAriyoMke vibhinna varga isa sabhAmeM sammilita honeke liye AkUlita the / nirAzA aura jijJAzA yajJa maNDapa meM sthita vidvAnoMne AkAzamArgase Ate hue devagaNoMko dekhA, to ve romAMcita ho kahane lage - " yajJa mahAtmyase prabhAvita hokara Ahuti grahaNa karaneke hetu devagaNa A rahe haiM / " lakSa lakSa mAnavoMkI A~khe AkAzakI ora TakaTakI lagAye dekha rahI thIM, para jaba devavimAna yajJa maNDapake Uparase hokara sIdhe Age nikala gaye, to yajJa-samarthakoM ke bIca bar3I nirAzA utpanna huI / sabakI AMkhe nIce jhuka gayIM, mukha malina ho gaye aura Azcarya ke sAtha socane lage - "are ! devagaNa bhI kisIkI mAyAmeM pha~sa gaye haiM yA bhrama meM par3a gaye haiM ? yajJa maNDapa chor3akara kahA~ jA rahe haiM ?" indrabhUtine devavimAnoM ko prabhAvita karanekI dRSTise veda-mantroMkA pAThakara tumula dhvani kI, para unake ahaMkArapara coTa karate hue devavimAna sodhe nikala gaye / indrabhUtiko yaha jAnakara atyanta Azcarya huA ki ye sabhI devavimAna mahAvIrakI samavazaraNa-sabhA meM jA rahe haiM / indrabhUtikA mana ahaMkArapara coTa laganese udAsa ho gayA / unakA dharmonmAda macala uThA / iso samaya saudharma - indra baTukakA rUpa banAye hue indrabhUtti ke samakSa pahu~cA aura kahane lagA- "guruvara! ApakI vidvattAkI yazogAthA dezabhara meM vyApta hai / veda, upaniSadkA 186 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya paramparA

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jJAna ApakI cetanAke kaNa-kaNameM chAyA huA hai| Apa darzana, nyAya, tarka, jyotiSa aura Ayurvedake marmajJa vidvAn haiM / mujhe eka gAthAkA artha samajhameM nahIM A rahA hai / ataH usakA artha jJAta karane ke liye meM ApakI sevAmeM upasthita huA hU~ / yadi Apa Adeza deM, to maiM usa gAthAko Apake samakSa prastuta karUM / ____ indrabhUti gautama brAhmaNavaTukarUpadhArI indrake vinIta bhAvase bahuta prasanna hA / usane anubhava kiyA ki Agantuka vRddha meM jJAnako pipAsA hai| vaha namra aura amuzAsita bhI hai / ataH isakI jijJAsA pUrNa karanA merA kartavya hai| indrane namratApUrvaka kahA : paMceva atyikAyA chajjIva-NikAyA mahabvayA pNc| aThThayapavayaNa-mAdA saheuo baMSa-mokso y'| indrabhUti-"maiM isa gAthAkA artha tabhI batalAU~gA, jaba tuma isakA artha jJAta ho jAnepara mere ziSya pAreko 6 svIkAra karo." indrabhUti bahuta samaya saka gAyAkA artha socatA rahA / para usako samajhameM kucha nahIM AyA / ataeva vaha indrase kahane lagA-"tumane yaha gAthA kahA~se sIkhI hai ? kisa granthameM yaha gAthA bhAyI hai ? brAhmaNavezadhArI indra-"maiMne yaha apane guru tIrthakara mahAvIrase sIkhI hai| para ve kaI dinoMse monAvalambana liye hue haiN| isI kAraNa isa gAthAkA artha meM unase nahIM jAna pAyA / ApakA yaza varSoMse sunatA calA A rahA hai aura ApakI prakhara pratibhAkA maiM prazaMsaka hU~ / ataeva isa gAthAkA artha sAta karane ke liye ApakI sevAmeM upasthita huA huuN|" indrabhUti samajha na sake ki paJcAstikAya kyA haiM ? chaH jIvanikAya phona se hai ? pATha pravacanamAtrikAeM kyA vastu haiM ? indrabhUsiko jIvake astitva ke 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA, pu. 9, pR0 129 meM upata / 2. ukta gAthAke samakakSa saMsAtameM bhI nimnalikhita paca upalabdha hai: kAsyaM dravyaSaTkaM navapadasahitaM jIvaSaTra kAya-lezyAH / paJcAnye pAstikAyA prata-samiti-gati-zAna-bAritrabhedAH // ityetanmoSamUla tribhuvanahitaH proksamahagirIzaiH / pratyeti zraddadhAti spRzati ca matimAn yaH sa vai zuddha dRSTiH / / -tattvArthasUtra, zrutabhakti nokara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 187

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sambandhameM svayaM zaMkA thii| ataH ve aura bhI asamaMjasameM par3akara kahane lage-"calo, tumhAre guruke samakSa hI isa gAthAkA ayaM batalAUMgA / maiM apanI vidvattAkA prabhAva tumhAre gurupara hI ekaTa karanA mAndA !" ___ indrabhUti gautamako ukta bAtako sunakara indra bahuta prasanna huA aura manameM socane lagA-"merA kArya aba sampanna ho gyaa| tIrthakara mahAvIrake samayazaraNameM pahuMcate hI inakA ahaMkAra vigalita ho jAyagA aura zaMkAoMkA samAdhAna svayaM prApta ho jaaygaa|" mAnastambhavarzana : mAnagalana aura ratnatrayakA upahAra indrabhUti gautamane zAstrArtha karanekI AkAMkSAse tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM praveza kiyA / mAnastambhake darzanamAtrase hI unake manakA sArA kAluSya ghula gyaa| stambha dekhakara indrabhUti stabdha raha gayA aura zAnakA samasta ahaMkAra pighala gyaa| indrabhUti gautamake liye mAnastambha prakAza-stambha bana gyaa| unake hRdayakA timira chinna ho gayA aura unheM kSAyopazamika jJAnakI sImA jJAta ho gyii| vaha mana-hI-mana socane lagA ki merA jJAna kitanA baunA hai| maiM to mahAvIrake zAnakI eka kiraNa bhI chUnemeM asamartha huuN| na mAlUma kyoM mujhe apane jJAnakA ahaMkAra thaa| Aja merA abhimAnI mana vinamratAse bhara gayA hai, dravIbhUta ho gayA hai| indrabhUti gautama gatatama hokara gandhakuTImeM virAjamAna tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI maGgala-mudrAkA darzanakara harSavibhora ho utthaa| pratibhAke sAtha usakI zraddhAke kapATa bhI khula gaye / mithyAsvarUpI osa-kaNa mahAvIrake kevalajJAnarUpI sUryaprabhAse sUkhane lge| usako antarAtmA nirmala nIrakI taraha svaccha ho gayI / samyakdarzanakA AvirbhAva ho gayA aura jAnakA mada cUra ho gayA / zraddhAtirekake kAraNa usake pariNAmoMmeM atizaya komalatA utpanna ho gayo / AyA thA zAstrArtha karane, para usake zAstrake sabhI zastra kuNThita ho gaye / vItarAgatAke samakSa usake manakA kAluSya ghula gyaa| dambha aura mithyA1. svaovasamaNida-cauramalabuddhisaMpaNNaNa bamhaNeNa godamagotteNa sayala-dussudi pAraeNa jIvAjIva-viSaya-saMdehaviNAsaNaTThamuvagaya-vaDjamANa-pAdamUleNa iMdabhUdiNA vhaarido| uktaM ca goseNa godamo viSpo cAubveya-saDaMga vi / gAmeNa iMdabhUdi ti sIlabaM ghamhaNutamo / / -SaTsaMDAgama, dhavalA, pustaka 1, pR0 64 meM upata, 188 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI ASAya-paramparA

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kA lezamAtra bhI na rahA / manakI graMthi khula gayI aura vaha mahAvIrakA saccA upAsaka ho gayA / vaha tana gora manase nirgrantha bananekA saMkalpa karane lagA / indrabhUsine digambarI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / use mana:paryaya jJAna utpanna ho gayA / indrabhUti gautamakI mithyAte zraddhAkA tAlA TUTate hI jayajayakArakI dhvani hone lagI / | | yaha pAvana dina ASAr3hI pUrNimAkA thA, isI dina gautamane dIkSA dhAraNa kI thI / isI kAraNa yaha dina 'gurupUrNimA' ke nAmase loka meM prasiddha hai / agale dina zrAvaNa kRSNa pratipadAke brAhmamuhRttameM bhagavAn mahAvIrakI divyadhvani Arambha huii| aura isIlie dharma tIrthakI utpatti bhI isI dina huI : vAsassa paDhamamAse sAvaNamAsamma bahula paDivAe / abhijIta uppatI mpatyassa // vIrasenAcAryane kevalajJAnotpatti ke 66 dinataka dezanA prakaTa na honeke kAraNakI mImAMsA kI hai| likhA hai- kevalaNANe samuppaNNe vi divvaNIe kimaTTaM tatyApauttI ? gaNidAbhAvAdo | sohammadeNa takkhaNe caiva gaNido kiNNa hoido ? Na, kAlalabIe vipA asahegjassa, deviMdassa taDDhoyaNasattIe abhaavaado| sagapAdamUlammi paDavaNNasahavvayaM mottUNa aNNamuddisiya divvaNI kiNNa payaTThade ? sAhAviyAdo | Na ca sahAo parapaNiogAruho, abhvavatthA pattodo / Azaya yaha hai ki saudharma indra bhI kAlabdhi ke abhAva meM tatkAla gaNagharakI talAza nahIM kara sakA / kAlalabdhike sambandhameM prazna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, yataH yaha svabhAva hai aura svabhAva meM tarkakA praveza nahIM hotA / indrabhUti gautamane pacAsa varSa kI avasthAmeM digambarI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura mokSa - bhavanakI sAr3iyoMpara padArpaNa kiyaa| ye tatvajJAnI, viziSTa sAdhaka aura tapasvI the aura the virala adhyAtmayogI, siddhisampanna sAdhaka aura vizyakalyANakI udagra bhAvanAse yukta parivrAjaka / unameM vinaya, saralatA, mRdutA aura vicArazIlatA pUrNataH vidyamAna thii| inakA jIvana puSpatulya hI nahIM, kintu puSpoMkA raMga-viraMgA guladastA thA, jisameM vividha prakArakai saurabhake sAtha suramya sukumAratA bhI nihita thI / 1. tiloyapaNNattI 169. 2. kasAyapAhuDa, jayadhavalA, pustaka 1, pR0 76. * tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 189

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gaNagharoM meM indrabhUtikA pradhAna sthAna thA / mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM gyAraha vidvAna gaNadharanAmase vikhyAta the / ina sabhIne mahAbIrake divya jJAna aura tejase prabhAvita hokara digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| anya gaNadhara : hatya-parivartana aura bImA indrabhUti gautamake digambara-dIkSA grahaNa karanekA samAcAra magadha-bhUmimeM vidyutke samAna vyApta ho gyaa| ziSya-parivAra sahita inake dIkSita honese agnibhUti Adi vidvAnoMko mahAn Azcarya huA aura ve indrabhUtikA samAcAra mAta karaneke lie rAjagRhake nikaTa vipulApalapara padhAre / magnibhUti ___agnibhUti indrabhUtike majhale bhAI the| ye bhI pAMcasau chAtroMke vidvAn adhyApaka the aura somilAryake yajJotsavameM apane chAtragaNake sAtha madhyamA pAvAmeM padhAre the| veda, upaniSad aura karmakANDake mahAna jJAsA the| inake AkarSaka vyaktitvakA prabhAva pratyeka vyaktipara par3atA thaa| inakA vyavahAra madhura evaM vinayapUrNa thaa| ____ indrabhUtikI dIkSAke samAcArase Azcaryacakita ho zAstrArtha karaneko sAtha lekara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM aaye| mAnastambhake darzanamAse inake hRdayakA vyAmoha dUra ho gayA tathA mithyAkhake vigalita hote hI samyaktvako prakAzakiraNeM phUTa pdd'ii| - ve mahAvIrako zAMta mukhamudrAkA darzana karane meM itane tallIna ho gaye ki unheM zarIrako bhI sudha-budha na rahI / jisa prakAra svarNa agnimeM tapakara nikhara jAtA hai aura samasta malinatA dUra ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra agnibhUtikI Atmajyoti tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samparkase nikhara gaI aura Atma-zodhanake hetu dIkSita honeko unako kAmanA bhI jAgRta ho gyii| saccI ruci, saccI zraddhA, saccA plAna aura saccA AcaraNa bhI utpanna ho gyaa| agnibhUtike hRdaya-parivartanameM vilamba na huaa| saca hai ki kAlalabdhike Anepara AtmotthAnameM rukAvaTa nahIM aatii| dvaita-advaisa-sambandhI unakI zaMkAeM svayaM nirAkRta ho gyiiN| ___ agnibhUtine 46 varSako avasthAmeM tItha kara mahAvIrake caraNoMmeM digambaradIkSA grahaNa kii| inake dIkSita honekA samAcAra bhI bAta-kI-bAtameM sarvatra vyApta ho gayA aura vidvAnoMkI utsukatA jAgRta huI ki mahAvorameM aisA kauna-sA 190 : tISakara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya-paramparA

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camatkAra hai ? kriyAkANDI brAhmaNa-paramparAnuyAyI vidvAn Azcarya cakita ho samavazaraNa-sabhAmeM Ane lge| vAyubhUti gautama : ahaMkAra pUra vAyubhUti indrabhUtikA choTA bhAI thaa| yaha bhI somilAyaMke yazotsavameM 500 chAtroMke sAtha madhyamA pAyAmeM AyA huA thaa| jaba ise indrabhUti aura agnibhUtike dIkSita honekA samAcAra prApta huA to isakA mana mahAvIrase zAstrArtha karaneke liye phar3aka uThA | isane vicAra kiyA-"mere do mAI, patA nahIM, kisa prakAra mAyAvIke indrajAlameM phaMsa gaye haiN| mujhe vaidika mAnyatAoMkI rakSA karanI hai| ataeva meM zAstrArthadvArA mahAvIrako avazya parAjita karUMgA / bhautika sukha, samRddhi, yajJa-yAgAdi kriyAkANDa, jAtivAda, bahudevavAda AdikA virodha karanekA sAmarthya kisameM hai ? yaha meM mAnatA hU~ ki mere donoM bar3e bhAI mujhase adhika vidvAna aura pratibhAzAlI haiM, para meM bhI apane jJAnapara bharosA karatA huuN| merA vizvAsa hai ki dehAsirika 'AsmA' nAmakA koI padArtha nhiiN| calatA hU~ mahAvIrako sabhA meM aura apane tarkose unheM parAsta kara detA huuN|" isa prakAra ahaMkArase pulakita hotA huA vAyubhUti mahAvIrake samayazaraNameM upasthita huA / jaise hI vaha mAnastambhake nikaTa AyA, usake ahaMkAra rUpI ole gala gaye aura mAnasa-pakSa udghATita ho gaye | gandhakuTImeM virAjamAna tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako saumya mudrAko ninimeSa hokara vaha dekhatA rahA / jJAnamada cUra hote hI usakA hRdaya zraddhAse jagamagAne lgaa| dambha aura mithyAke haTate hI usakA hRdaya parivartita ho gyaa| manake sAre vikalpa samApta ho gaye / mana digambarI dIkSAke liye vivaza karane lgaa| __vAyubhUtine 42 varSako avasthAmeM tIrthakara mahAvIrake pAdamUlameM digambaradIkSA dhAraNa kI aura tRtIya gaNadharakA pada prApta kiyA / vAyubhUtiko bhI Atmadarzana ho gayA aura vaha bhI tIrthakarake caraNoMkA upAsaka ho gayA / zuciMvatta : hRdaya-parivartana pariveza vyaktiko kitanA parivartita kara detA hai, yaha zucidattake jIvanase jAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha brahmavAdI thA aura yajJa-yAgAdi dvArA laukika abhyudayako prAptimeM vizvAsa karatA thaa| jaba unheM isa bAtakA zAna huA ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra samavazaraNameM sthita haiM aura janasamudAya unakI pIyUSa-vANIkA pAna karaneke liye ekatra hai, to ve bhI apanI icchAkA saMvaraNa na kara sake aura tIrthakara mahAvIrake darzanake liye cala pdd'e| zucidatta jJAnI adhyApaka the aura 500 tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 191

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ziSya inake caraNoM meM baiThakara vedAdhyayana karate the| inake mAnakI dhUma bhI samasta pUrvAJcalameM vyApta thI / ye kolsAga-sannivezake nivAsI bora bhAradvAjagotrIya brAhmaNa the| inakI mAtAkA nAma vArupI bora pitAkA nAma banamitra yaa| zucidatta apanI vivattAke liye praoNsaddha the| inake hRdaya dRzya jagatke bastitvake sambandhameM AzaMkA vidyamAna thii| inheM bhI apane zAnakA dambha thA aura zAstrArthameM bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoMko parAsta karanekI kSamatA bhI thI / __zucidatta mahAvIrake samavasaraNameM upasthita hayA aura mahAvIrake darzanamAtrase usako zaMkAmoMkA samAdhAna ho gyaa| vaha socane lagA-"mahAvIrakA teja adbhuta hai / inake tejake samakSa sabhIkA teja phIkA par3a jAtA hai / meM detavAdako zaMkAmeM abataka par3A havA thA, para vAba merI bAMkheM khala gayIM aura majhe satyakA sAkSAtkAra ho gyaa| bataeva mujhe dIkSA-sahana karanemeM bava vilamba nahIM karanA cAhiye / " ___ zucidattane 50 varSakI bavasthAmeM digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kI aura mahAvIrake caturtha gamagharakA pada prApta kiyA / zudhidattakA anya nAma vAyavya bhI prApta hotA hai| sudharmA : gokSA bora yAtmazoSana ___mahAvIrake paMcama gavagharakA nAma suSarmA hai, jo sudharmA svAmIke nAmase prasiddha haiN| ye kollAma-sanniveza nivAsI agnivezyAyanagotro kAhmaNa paM / inako mAtAkA nAma bhadidalA aura pisAkA nAma dhammilla thaa| ye bhI bapane 500 ziSyoMke sAtha bAyaM somilake yatrotsavameM sammilita honeke hetu madhyamApAvA padhAre the| bana inheM indrabhUti, agnibhUti Adike dIkSita honekA vRtta bhAsa hayA, to inake manameM bhI tIrthaMkara mahAyorake darzanako icchA jAgRta huI aura nirmala vAtAvaraNameM sIkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM inhoMne praveza kiyaa| mAnastambhake darzanamAtrase manakA sArA kAluSya ghula mayA aura mipyAtvakA galana hote hI AtmAmeM pAtratA utpanna ho gayo / sudharmAko kAlalandhi bhI A pahuMcI aura unake manameM bhI vItarAgatA prakaTa hone lgii| Aja sudharmAkA karma-kAluSya visabisa hone jA rahA thA bora unakI ujjvalatA, zuddhatA, nirmalatA aura samatA vRddhiMgata ho rahI thii| kSaNakI sattA vilakSaNatAmeM parivartita ho rahI thii| bAramAke mahAna zilpIke sparzase unako sarAgatA ujjvalatAmeM badala rahI thii| ve mahAvIrako saumpa mudrAke darzanase bAnandavimora the| 192 : tIpaMkara mahAvIra kaura unako nAcArya-paramparA

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sudharmA socane lagA-"mere pacAsa varSa bIta gye| maiMne abhI taka apanI mAtmAkA kucha mI sudhAra nahIM kiyA / jJAna aura jAsike ahaMkArameM DUbA rahA / na maiMne Atma-sAdhanA kI aura na kalyANa ho / vAstavameM ahiMsA hI jIvanotthAnakA sAdhana hai| jo vyaki vaibhava aura vibhUtiyoMse dabA rahatA hai, vaha mahAn nahIM bana sakatA hai| mAnavako mAnavatAke sAmane deva bhI natamastaka ho jAte haiM / ataeva vyatiko sadA satya, ahiMsA Adi mAnavIya evaM jJAna-darzanAdi AtmIya guNoMkA sAkSAtkAra karanA cAhiye / mAnavatAke nAte sabhI mAnava samAna haiN| janmase koI bhI vyakti na bar3A hai na chottaa| pratyeka vyakti apane kArya-guNa maga namase gahAvataH hai| lAiva aba mujhe pravajita ho jAnA Azyaka hai|" ___ sudharmAne 50 varSakI avasthA digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kii| mahAmorake gaNagharoMmeM inakA pAMcavAM sthAna thaa| sudharmA dIrghajIvI the| inhoMne bahuta dinoM taka zramaNa saMghakA saMcAlana kiyA / maNika : AtmodaDoSana maNDika sAMkhya darzanakA samarthaka thaa| use bandha-mokSake sambandhameM AzaMkA thii| vaha maurya-sannivezakA nivAsI aura vAziSThagotrI vidvAn brAhmaNa thaa| usako mAtAkA nAma vijayadevI aura pitAkA nAma dhanadeva thA / vaha 350 chAtroMkA vidyAguru thaa| somila Aryake nimaMtraNapara yajJotsavameM sammilita honeke liye madhyamA pAvAmeM AyA huA thaa| maNDika svastha zarIra, gauravarNa aura sAta hAtha umnatta thaa| usake jJAnakA prakAza pUrvAJcalameM pUrNatayA vyApta paa| vedakI apekSA vaha tarkazAstra meM adhika niSNAta thaa| usakA ziSyavarga darzana aura sarkameM vizeSa nipuNa thaa| maNDikako indrabhUti, vAyubhUti Adike dIkSita honekA samAcAra upalabdha huA, to usake manameM bhI mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM praviSTa honekI bhAvanA utpanna huii| maNDika socane lagA-"devAyaM mahAvIrameM aisA kauna-sA camatkAra hai, jo bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoMko apanA ziSya banA lete haiN| indrabhUti, agnibhUti vaidika karmakANDI vidvAn the|trk-shaastrse ve prAyaH dUra the| ataH sambhava hai ki mahAvIrane inheM saralatAse prabhAvita kara liyA ho| maiM to tarkakA paNDita huuN| mere samakSa mahAvIra yA unakA anya koI ziSya nahIM Thahara sktaa| maiM Aja jAkara mahAvIrase avazya zAstrArtha karUMgA aura unheM parAjita kara apanI yazaHpatAkA phhraauuNgaa|" tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 193

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maNDika apane hI vicAra meM DUbatA uttarAtA apane 350 ziSyoM sahita vipulAcalapara sthita mahAvIra ke samavazaraNameM sammilita huaa| jaise hI vaha samayazaraNake nikaTa pahuMcA ki usake manameM eka jorakA jhaTakA lgaa| jJAnakA sArAdamma ghusA ho gayA ho gaye aura samyaktvasUryakA udaya ho gayA / jo maNDika kucha kSaNa pUrva mahAvIrakI AlocanA kara rahA yA vahI unakA stavana karane lgaa| vaha svaracita stotra par3hatA jAtA thA aura afest vihvalatAke kAraNa usake rAga-dveSa ghulate jA rahe the| bhakti-gaMgAmeM snAna karate hI usako antarAtmA pavitra ho gayI aura vaha digambara-dIkSA grahaNa karaneke liye utsuka ho uThA / 50 varSa kI avasthA meM maNDikane udbodhana prApta kiyA aura soyaMkara mahAvIrake pAdabhUlameM sthita hokara digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kii| aba maNDika vaha maNDika nahIM rahA, jise apane tarka aura jJAnakA ahaMkAra thA / AtmAkaM mRdula hote hI anantAnubaMdhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ye cAra aura mithyAtva, sabhyagmithyAtva aura samyaktva ina tIna darzanamohanIya isa prakAra sAta karma prakRtiyoM ke kSaya hote hI maNThika meM parivartana ho jAnA svAbhAvika thA / maNDikane chaThe gaNadharakA pada prApta kiyA / mauryaputra: samyaktvalAbha tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake saptama gaNadhara kA nAma mauyaM putra hai| ye mauryaputra kAzyapa gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitAkA nAma maurya aura mAtAkA nAma vijayAdevI thA / ye mauyaM sannivezagrAmavAsI the / mIyaM putra bhI 350 chAtroMke adhyApaka the aura Arya somilake AmaMtraNapara madhyamA pAvAmeM padhAre the / inheM paraloka, punarjanma Adike sambandhameM sandeha thaa| ataeva agnibhUti, indrabhUti Adiko dIkSAkA samAcAra jJAta kara ye bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM sammilita hue| mahAvIrake samavazaraNa ke darzana karate ho inakI AtmA meM samyaktvako lahara utpanna ho gyii| ye socane lage- "yaha mAnava jIvana kyA hai ? isa vizva meM to matsyanyAya cala rahA hai| jaise samudrameM bar3I machalI choTI machalIko nigala jAtI hai, usI prakAra yahA~ bhI zaktizAlI manuSya nirbalako AkrAnta kara detA hai| jAti-pAtikA bandhana bhI kama nahIM hai / brAhmaNako apanI vidyA aura jAtikA abhimAna hai / bhajana- bhojana evaM paThanapAThanapara ekAdhipatya sthApita kara liyA hai| vedaya vANijyapara apanA adhikAra mAnatA hai aura jaise-taise dhana saMcaya karanA hI apanA adhikAra samajhatA hai / kSatriya kumAra para pIr3A dene meM ho AnandAnubhUti karate haiN| zUdrajAti saba orase 194 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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pratAr3ita ho rahI hai / bAramAmeM prajvalita hotI huI jyotikA koI anubhava nahIM karatA hai / pratyeka AtmA prayatna karanepara paramAtmA bana sakatI hai| ammase vyakti UMca-nIca nahIM hotA, yaha to AcArapara nirdhArita hai| ataH meM tothaMkara mahAvIrakI zaraNameM Akara moTA karUgA isa bAta ko liye samma koI zreyaskara kArya nahIM hai| usakA roma-roma pulakita hone lagA aura bhogopabhogoMkA tyAga karaneke liye vaha kRtasaMkalpa ho gyaa| rAga-dveSa, kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi vikAra usake chUTane lage / "AtmA apane meM anantajJAnAdi gaNoMkI jhalaka pAkara apane vAstavika svarUpako anubhava kare aura apane saptaprayatnoM dvArA karma-kalaMkase chUTanekA prayAsa kare, to usakA paramAtmA bana jAnA kaThina nahIM hai|" "yaha AtmA zarIrAdi ajIvasattvoMse minna hai| zAna-darzana, sukha aura vIrya isake apane guNa haiM / yaha para-saMyogake kAraNa kalezakA anubhava karatI hai| jahAM para-saMyoga chUTatA hai ki AtmAko zAzvata Ananda prApta hotA hai| agaNisa zAstroMke par3ha lenepara bhI AramazAna prApta nahIM hotA hai| samyagdarzanake sAtha AtmAmeM tattvoMkA yathArtha jJAna paidA hotA hai|" / ___ isa prakAra cintana karate hue mauryaputrane samyaktva-lAbha kara antaraMga aura bahiraMga parigrahakA syAgakara 65 varSakI avasthAmeM digambara-dIkSA dhAraNa kii| bhakampika : rikta paddhAko pUrti tIrthakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNako prasiddhi sarvatra phela gayI thI / vidvAnoMkA samUha apane vidyAke ahaMkArako chor3akara unakI sabhAmeM upasthita hone jA rahA thA / akampika mI ahaMkArake paMkase Upara uThakara vipulAcalakI ora gayA aura usane aSTama gaNadharakA pada prApta kiyaa| * akampika mithilAkA nivAsI gautama-gotrIya brAhmaNa thaa| inakI mAtAkA nAma jayantI aura pitAkA nAma deva thaa| akampikake caraNoM meM baiThakara 300 chAtra vidyAdhyayana karate the / Arya somilake yaza-mahotsavakA nimantraNa prAsakara ye bhI apanI chAtra-maNDalIke sAtha madhyamA pAvAmeM padhAre the| inake hRdayameM narakaloka aura nArakI jIvoMke astitvake sambandhameM zaMkA calI A rahI thii| jaba akampikako mahAvIrake prabhAvakA parijJAna huA to vaha bhI unake samavazaraNakI ora calA / usane jaise hI mAnastambhakA darzana kiyA vaise hI usakA jAti-aIkAra naSTa ho gayA aura vaha AsmAko zAzvata sattAke sambandhameM tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 195

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vicArane lagA - "AtmAke guNa nijI sampatti haiN| ve kahIM bAharase nahIM Ate / inakI upalabdhikA artha itanA hI hai ki mithyAtvabhAvake haTate hI ina guNoMkI anubhUti hone lagatI hai / jaise sUryaparase meghakA AvaraNa haTate hI sUryakA bhAsvara prakAza vyApta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmAkI vibhAvapariNatike dUra hote hI svabhAvapariNati utpanna ho jAtI hai / jaba sAdhakake hRdayameM saMsAra kI AzA aura tRSNAkA anta ho jAtA hai, tat sAdhakakA citta savikalpa- samAdhi se nikalakara nirvikalpa samAdhimeM pahu~ca jAtA hai aura apane pUrva saMcita karmokI nirjarA kara DAlatA hai / yaha nirvikalpa samAdhibhAva kahIMse AtA nahIM hai, yaha to svabhAvakA ramaNa hai / ataeva meM bhI isa avasarakA lAbha uThAkara mahAvIrake samakSa dIkSA grahaNa kara lU~ / " ataeva ampikane samasta parigrahakA tyAga kara 48 varSa kI avasthAmeM digambara-dIkSA grahaNa ko aura aSTama gaNadharakA pada prApta kiyA / acala : milI sAdhanA mahAvIra aura unake pramukha ziSyoMke antaraMga aura bahiraMga-parigraha tyAgakI carcA sarvatra vyApta thI / unakI dezanA jIvanake parata khola rahI thii| AtmAkI baddhatA aura mukatAkA kathana vicArazIloMko AkRSTa kara rahA thA / ataH acala bho tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM calane kI taiyArI karane lagA / vaha kozala-nivAsI hArItagotrIya brAhmaNa thA / usakI mAtAkA nAma nandA aura pitAkA nAma vasu thA / 300 chAtra usake ziSya the| kriyAkANDa, yajJavidhAna AdikA vaha jAtA thA / vyataH somilAke yajJotsava meM sammilita honeke liye ziSya parivAra sahita AyA thaa| isake manameM puNya pApake astitva evaM usake phalAphalake sambandhameM AzaMkA thI / jIvanakI dRSTi ulajhI huI thii| vaha zarIra, indriyA~ aura manake viSayoMmeM ho bAnandAnubhUti karatA thaa| aneka paratoMke nIce dabe hue jala srotake samAna usakI cetanAkA vizuddha astitva bhI vikAroMkI paratoMke nIce dabA huA thaa| rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi bhautika sthitiyoMkI anubhUtiko hI usane sarvasva mAna liyA thA / jaba vaha tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM praviSTa huA to rAga-dveSa aura inase honevAlI uttejanA, ghRNA, IrSyA, ahaMkAra Adi vikRtiyAM dUra ho gayIM / vaha socane lagA- "manapara vikAroM, saMskAroM evaM acche-bure vicAroM kI eka saghana taha jamI huI hai / manake kSudra A~ganameM nAnA prakArakI vikRtiyA~ upasthita haiM / vikRtiyoMkI yaha bhIr3a hI zuddha cetanAko prakaTa nahIM hone detI / vikRtiyoMkA 196 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAdhAyeM-paramparA

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AvaraNa hI cetanAko anantavyotiko sabhI borase mAvRtta kiye hue hai| kAma, krodha, mada, moha, lobha Adi agaNita vikRtiyoMke bhUla bIja haiM- rAma aura dveSa | isI rAga-dveSase mukta honekI dizAmeM cetanAkA apanA puruSArtha hai / jatha cetanA vikRtiyoMse mukta hokara apane vizuddha bhUla svarUpameM pahu~ca jAtI hai, to yahI parama cetanA bana jAtI hai| yahI parama tatva hai aura yahI paramAtmA hai| ataH parama tattva yA parama caitanyako prApta karaneko AdhyAtmika prakriyA digambaradIkSA hai| yaha dIkSA hI zuddha caitanya svarUpa parama tattvako prApta karane meM sAdhaka hai / ataeva mujhe digambara- dIkSA grahaNa kara paramAtmapada prApta karaneke liye prayAsa karanA cAhiye / " acalane 46 varSakI avasthAmeM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake pAdamUlameM digambaradIkSA grahaNa kI aura navama gaNadharakA pada pAyA / mevArya : jAgA viveka medAyaM yA metArya vatsadezake nivAsI aura kauNDinyagotrIya brAhmaNa the / inakI mAtAkA nAma varuNadevI aura pitAkA nAma datta thA / ye 300 chAtroMke adhyApaka the / Arya somila ke nimantraNapara madhyamA pAcAmeM padhAre the / inheM I AtmAke punarjanma aura astitvake sambandhameM AzaMkA thI / jaba anya gaNadharoMke samAna inheM bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNakI jAnakArI prApta huI, to ye bhI tatkAla jJAnake ahaMkArakI gaTharI bAMdhe hue A pahuMce aura samavazaraNa meM praviSTa hote hI inake jJAnacakSu khula gye| ye socane lage- "yAzika-kriyAkANDa AtmAko amaratva aura zAnti nahIM de sakate / paJcAgni Adi tapazcaraNa bhI Atmopalabdhi meM sahAyaka nahIM haiM / yataH damanakI sAdhanA yathArthaM sAmanA nahIM / vRttiyoMkA viveka hI yathArtha hai / inakA aMghanigraha karake unheM zuddha nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai / damana dvArA nigRhIta vikAra yA vRttiyA~ piMjar3e meM banda kiye gaye bhUkhe siMhake samAna haiN| jaise hI avasara prApta hotA hai, vikAra punaH uttejita ho jAtA hai| mahAnadIkI jaladhArAko kitane dinoMtaka bAMdhA jA sakatA hai ? avasara milate hI jaladhArA bAMdha tor3a detI hai aura saMhAralIlA upasthita ho jAtI hai| ataeva damana yA paJcAgni tapake sAdhanoM dvArA vikAroMko jItA nahIM jA sakatA hai|" "AtmAmeM tIna prakArakI vRttiyAM utpanna hotI haiM-- azubha, zubha aura zuddha / ghana, strI, putra, mitra Adi sambandhI vRttiyA~ rAga-dveSakA mUla honese azubha hai / ina azubha vRttiyoM kI nivRtti damanadvArA sambhava nahIM hai| zubha vRttiyAM AtmAyeM pariSkRta rAgake kAraNa utpanna hotI haiM aura ve AtmAke nikaTa pahu~cAtI haiM / sIkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 197

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vRttiyoMkA zuddhikaraNa to rAga-dveSakI nivRttise hI hotA hai| vItarAgatA hI AtmAkA nijarUpa hai aura isI sthitimeM vRttiyA~ zuddha hotI haiN| maiM anAdikAlase janma-maraNakA duHkha uThA rahA huuN| aba vItarAgattAkI prAptikA avasara A cukA hai| ataeva mujhe isa avasarakA upayoga karanA Avazyaka hai|" medAryane 36 varSakI avasthAmai digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kara mahAvIrakA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyaa| inheM dazama gaNagharakA pada prApta huaa| prabhAsa : puruSArtha-jAgaraNa tIrthakara mahAvIrakA yuga bahudevavAdakA thA / tatkAlIna janajIvana bhya, evaM pralobhanoMse pratADita thA | janatA duHkha aura vipattiyoMse trANa pAneke lie devatAoMkIzaraNameM jAsI kI aura unheM mAraneke die yajAmuna karato yo / yakSa, bhUta, rAkSasa sabhI devatvako prApta ho cuke ye AtaM mAnava una yakSoM, bhUtoM, evaM rAkSasoMko prasanna karaneke lie vibhinna prakArakA anuSThAna karatA thaa| yajJa-balikI to bAta hI kyA, zAnti kamake nAmapara manuSyoM takakA havana kara diyA jAtA thaa| mAnava apane puruSArthako bhUlakara digbhramita ho devoMse aizvaryako bhikSA mAMgatA thaa| dhana, aizvarya, rAjya-zAsana, vidyA, putra, svAsthya Adi sabhIkI prAptike lie viziSTa-viziSTa devoMko arcanA kI jAtI thii| puruSArthapara kisIko vizvAsa nahIM thaa| ataH isa yugameM puruSArtha prAptikI ora dhyAna denA nitAnta Avazyaka thaa| pramAsane yugakA adhyayana kiyA aura mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM pahu~canekA saMkalpa kiyaa| yaha kauDinyagotrIya brAhmaNa thaa| inakI mAtAkA nAma atibhadrA aura pitAkA nAma bala thaa| yaha rAjaguhakA nivAsI thaa| 300 chAtra usake ziSya the| use bhI AtmA aura mukhike viSaya meM saMdeha pA aura zruti-vAkyoMkA artha bhI yathArtha zAta nahIM thaa| mahAvIrake darzanamAtrase prabhAsakA puruSArtha jAgRta ho gayA aura usane 46 varSako avasthAmeM digambara dIkSA svIkAra kI tathA ekAdeza gaNadharakA sthAna prApta kiyaa| prathama vezanAsthala : vipulAcala vipulAcalapara bavasapiNIke caturya kAlake antima bhAgameM tetIsavarSa, ATha mAha aura pandraha dina zeSa rahanepara zrAvaNa-kRSNA pratipadAke dina abhijit nakSatra meM dharma198 : tIrghakara mahAvIra bIra unako AcArya-paramparA

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sIkI utpatti huI | deva, vidyAdhara aura manuSya tiryaJcoMke manako prasanna karanevAlA vaha vipulAcala prathama dezanAkA sthala honeke kAraNa sabhIse vandanIya hai / rAjagRha nagara ke pUrva meM catuSkoNa RSizela, dakSiNameM bebhAra aura naiRtya dizAmeM vipulAcala parvata hai| ye donoM vaibhAra aura vipulAcala parvata trikoNa mAkRti ke haiN| pazcima, vAyavya aura uttara dizAmeM phailA huA dhanuSake AkArakA chitra nAmaka parvata hai aura IzAna dizAmeM pANDuparvata hai / isa prakAra pAMca parvatoMse yukta honeke kAraNa yaha paMcazailapura kahalAtA hai / SaTkhaNDAgamakI ghavalA - TIkAmeM uddhRta pathoMke AdhArapara paMgha-pahAr3iyoMke kramazaH nAma RSigiri, vaibhAragiri, vipulAcala, candrAcala aura pANDugiri Aye haiM / harivaMza purANa meM batAyA gayA hai ki pahalA parvata RSigiri hai| yaha pUrva dizAkI ora caukora hai| isake cAroM ora jharane nikalate haiN| yaha indrake diggaja ke samAna sabhI dizAoMko suzobhita karatA hai / dUsarA paryaMta dakSiNa dizAkI ora vaibhAragiri hai / yaha parvata trikoNAkAra hai| vana aura zaranoMse yukta hai / isakA saundarya prAkRtika dRSTise apUrva hai / tIsarA dakSiNa - parizrama ke madhya trikoNAkAra vipulAcala parvata hai / isI parvatake Upara lIkaH mahAyaka prathama unavAraNa huA thA aura yahIM ekAdaza gaNadharoMne bhagavAnke pAdamUla meM digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| vipulAcala parvata apanI prAkRtika zobhA aura saundaryake liye bhI prasiddha hai / 1. etthAvara pigIe utyakAlasya parimabhAgam / telIsavAsa-maDamAsa - paNNarasradivasa - sammi || vAsassa paDhamamAse sAbaNaNAmammi bahulaparivAe / abhijINakvattammi va uSpattI dhammatityassa // -tilomasI 1268-69. hammisse masappiNIe pautpa- samayasya pachi bhae / polIsa - pAsa sese kiMci visesUNae saMte / / bAsasya padama - mAse paDhame pakkhamhi sAvaNe bahule / pAvida - pumna divase tisyuppattI du bhijihi // " - paTkhaNDAgama, pathalA TIkA - samanvita pu0 1 0 62-63. 2. surakSeyaramaNaharaNe guNaNAme paMcaserUNaparasmi / vittarummi pavvadavare vIrabhiNo aTukatAro // batarasso gumbA risiseko dAhiNAe bemArI iridivisAe bicako donni tikogaTTidAyArA // sokara mahAvIra aura unakI dekhanA : 199

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caturtha parvata balAhaka nAmakA hai / yaha dhanuSake AkArakA tInoM dizAoMko ghere hae pobhita hai| pAMca pANDaka nAmaka parvata golAkAra pUrvottara-madhyameM hai| ye pAMcoM parvata phala-puSpoMke samUhase yukta haiN| ina parvatoMke dhanoMmeM vAsupUjya svAmIko chor3akara zeSa samasta tIrthakaroMke samavazaraNa huye haiM / ye yana siddhakSetra bhI haiM aura karma-nirjarAmeM kAraNa haiM' / vartamAnameM pahalA parvata vipulAcala hai| isI vipulAcalapara tIrthakara mahAvIrakA prathama samavazaraNa humA thA / dUsarA ralagiri hai, sosarA udagiri hai, cauthA svarNagiri hai aura nAcato vebha giri mA hai| rAjagRha ke prAcIna nAma paMcazelapura, girivraNa, kuzAgrayura, kSitipratiSTa Adi milate haiM | magadha dezameM aneka uttama bhavya bhavanoMse yukta rAjagaha-nagara cAsarincho ziNNo varuNAgilasomadisavibhAgesu / IsANAe paMDU vaNNA sabje kusampapariparaNA // -siloyapaNatI 165-67 paMca-sela-pure ramme visale pamvaduttame / NANA-duma-samAraNe deva-dANava-vaMdive // mahAvIreNatyo kahio bhaviya-loyassa / -paTasaNDAmama, dhavalATokA-samanvita, pu. 1, pR061. 1. paMcazailapuraM pUtaM munisuvratajammamA / yatparadhvajinIdurga paJcazaMsapariSkRtam // RSipUrvo giristatra caturasraH sanibaraH / diggajendraM ivendrasya :kukubhaM bhUSayatyalam / / vaibhAro dakSiNAmAzAM trikoNAkRsirAzritaH / vazikSaNAparahigmadhyaM vipulazca tadAkRtiH // sajya cApAkRtistisro dizo vyApya balAhakaH / zobhate pANuko vRtta: pUrvottaradigamtare // phalapuSpabharAnamralatApApapazobhitAH / patanirisavAtahAriNo gityastu te|| vAsupUjyajimAdhIzAditareSAM jinezinAm / sarveSAM samavasthAnaH pAvanokhamAtarAH // tIrthayAtrANatAnekamavyasaMghaniSevitaH / mAnAtizayasambada: siyakSetraH pavitratAH / / -harivaMzapurAma, 1152-58. 200 : tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAcArya-paramparA

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I hai / isa nagarIko veSTita kiye hue pA~cazaila haiM, isIlie ise paMcazailapura kahA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara munisuvratanAtha ke cAra kalyANaka yahIM sampanna huye the / jaina sAhitya meM rAjagRha aura vipulAcalakA bar3A mahattva varNita hai| ghavalATIkA, jayaghayalATIkA, tiloyapaNNattI, padmapurANa, mahApurANa, harivaMzapurANa, jAyakumAracariTha, jambusAmicariu, uttarapurANa, bArAdhanA- kathAkoza, puSyAsrava - kathAkoSa, munisuvratakAvya, dharmAmRta Adi granthoMmeM isa nagarIkA mAhAtmya varNita hai / rAjagRhake sAtha jaina purANoMkI zatASika kathAe~ sambaddha haiN| purAtattvakI dRSTise bhI vipulAcala aura rAjagRha mahattvapUrNa haiM / pahiyAna (OM) dekhAemA varNana kiyA hai| vaha likhatA hai - " nagara se dakSiNa dizA meM cAra mIla calanepara vaha upatyakA milatI hai, jo pAMcoM parvatoMke bIcameM sthita hai| yahA~ para prAcIna kAlameM samrAT bibasAra vidyamAna thA / vipulAcala dhArmika pavitratAkI dRSTise prasiddha hai / Aja yaha nagarI naSTa-bhraSTa hai'|" 18 janavarI san 1811 I0 ko bucanana sAhabane isa sthAnakA nirIkSaNa kiyA thA aura isakA varNana bhI likhA hai / unase rAjagRha ke brAhmaNoMne kahA yA ki jarAsaMghake kileko kisI nAstikane banavAyA hai-jaina use upazreNika dvArA banAyA batAte haiM / bucamana sAhabane yaha bhI likhA hai ki pahale rAjagRhapara surbhujakA adhikAra thA, pazcAt rAjA vasu adhikArI hue, jinhoMne mahArASTrase caudaha brAhmaNoMko lAkara basAyA thA / vasune zreNikake bAda rAjya kiyA thA / kaniMghamane likhA hai ki- "prAcIna rAjagRha pAMcoM parvatoMke madhya meM vidyamAna thaa| maniyAramaTha nAmaka choTA-sA jaina mandira san 1780 I0 kA banA huA thA / maniyAramaThake pAsa eka purAne kue~ko sApha karate samaya inheM sIna mUrtiyA~ prApta huI thiiN| inameM eka mAyAdevI kI mUrti thI, dUsarI saptaphaNamaNDalayukta eka nagna mUrti tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthakI thii| ema0 e0 sTIna sAhaba likhate haiM- "vaibhAragiripara jo jaina mandira bane hue haiM, unake UparakA hissA to Adhunika hai, kintu unakI caukI, jinapara ve bane hue haiM, prAcIna haiM / ' zrIkAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne maniyAra maThavAlI -pASANa mUrtikA lekha par3hakara ?. Travels of Fa-Hian, Beal (London, 1869) pp. 110-13, 2. Buchanan Travels in Patna District, Page 125 - 144. 7. Archacological Survey of India, Vol. 1 ( 1871) PP. 25-26. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 201

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batAyA hai ki yaha lekha pahalI zatAbdIkA hai aura usameM samrAT zreNika tathA vipulAcalakA ullekha hai| ____ jhAra. DI. banarjI ne batAyA hai ki sAtavIM zatAbdItaka vipulAcala aura vaibhAragiripara jaina stUpa vidyamAna the aura guptakAlakI kaI jaina mUrtiyAM bhI vahA~ haiN| sonabhadra-guphAmeM yadyapi guptakAlIna lekha haiM, para isa guphAkA nirmANa mauryakAlake jaina rAjAoMne kiyA thaa| vipulAcala parvatake tIna sAmagrese masAle mandira pArasvAsIya zvetavarNakI mUrti virAjamAna thI, jo guptakAlIna anumAnita hai| dvitIya ratnagiripara mahAvIra svAmIkI zyAmavarNa-pratimA evaM tRtIya udayagiripara mahAvIra svAmIkI khaDgAsana-pratimA nizcayataH guptakAlIna hai| saMkSepameM rAjagRhake vipulAcala parvatapara antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA prathama samavazaraNa lagA thaa| Aja bhI sonabhaNDAra, maniyAra, gausamavana, sItAkuNDa Adi sthAna jaina saMskRtise sambaddha haiN| purAtattvake anusAra rAjagRha nagarako kuzAtmaja vasune gaMgA aura sona nadIke saMgamapara basAyA thaa| mahArAja zreNikane paMcapahADIke madhyameM navIna rAjagRha nagarako basAyA, jo vibhUti aura ramaNIyatAmeM advitIya thaa| jaba zreNikake putra ajAtazatrane magadhakI rAjadhAnI campAko banAyA, usa samaya kisI kAraNavaza agnidAhase yaha naSTa ho gyaa| ataeva saMkSepameM rAjagahake nikaTa sthita vipulAcala parvata sIrthakara mahAvIrakA prathama dezanAsthala hai| yahIMse dharmatIrthakA udaya huA hai| caturviSasaMgha-sthApanA tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake upadezoMse prabhAvita hokara aneka rAjA-mahArAjA, rAjakumAra, sArthavAha, zreSThi, rAjahiSiyoM, zreSThipaliyA~ evaM sAmAnya naranArIjana unake ziSya bane | isa sampUrNa ziSya samudAyako mahAvIrane paturvidhasaMghameM vibhakta kiyA thA--(1) muni, (2) AryikA, (3)zrAvaka aura (4)shraavikaa| isa vyavasthAko do bhAgoMmeM bhI vibhaka kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) muni aura (2) zrAvaka / saMnyasta vyaktiyoMke liye muni aura AryikA alaga-alaga saMgha banAye gaye the| isI prakAra zrAvaka-zrAvikAoMke liye pRSaka saMghakI vyavasthA kI gayI po / jo 1. Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Rea. Soc. Vol. XXII (June, 1935), 2. Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. xxV, Pages 205-210. 202 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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nirgrantha banakara AtmAkA vikAsa karanA cAhatA thA, vaha muni-saMghakA sadasya banatA aura jo gharameM rahakara zrAvakake vratoMkA AcaraNa karate hue AtmotthAna karanA cAhatA thA, usake liye zrAvaka aura zrAvikA saMghakI vyavasthA thii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake yahA~ jAti aura varNa vyavasthA nahIM thI ki bhAra saMgha vyavasthA thii| jaina muniyoMke AdhAra ke niyama kaThora the aura ve una niyamoMkA AcaraNakara AtmAke jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya Adi guNoMkA vikAsa karate the / kevalI mahAvIrake saMghameM pUrvadhArI 300, zikSaka 9900, avadhijJAnI 1300, sarvaRSisaMkhyA 700, vikriyAdhArI 900, mana:paryayajJAnI 500, vAdI 400, 14000 AryikA 36000, zrAvaka 100000 ora zrAvikAe~ 300000 thIM / pradhAna lotA -- zreNika : samavazaraNako zaraNa para kAlalabdhi prApta honepara midhyAdRSTi sahaja meM hI samyagdRSTi bana jAtA hai / zreNika bimbasAra jainadharmakA virodhI thA, nigrantha sAdhuoM kI nindA aura avamAnanA karatA thA / bauddhadharmake prati usake hRdayameM aTala zraddhA thI, mahArAnI celanAne apane cAtuyaMse use mahAvIrakA bhaka evaM anuyAyI banA diyA / usakI samasta azubhavRttiyA~ zubhavRttiyoMke rUpameM parivartita ho gayIM / bhautikatAmeM bhaTakatA huA usakA mana zAnta ho gyaa| tIvra pApAcaraNase bAMdhI yI saptama narakakI Ayu khaNDita hone lagI aura vaha prathama narakako jaghanya Ayuke rUpameM pariNata ho gayI / satya hai ki jIvanameM jaba AdhyAtmika jAgRti hotI hai, to sabhI zubhopalabdhiyAM svayameva prApta ho jAtI hai| eka kSaNake lie prApta kI gayI AdhyAtmika jAgRti bhI aneka janmoMko maMgalamaya banA detI hai / zreNikA moha bhaMga huA aura usakI jIvanadhArA parivartita ho gyii| mahAvIrake samavazaraNakI zaraNane use bhAvI tIrthaMkara banA diyA | 1. zatAni trINi pUrvANAM dhAriNaH zikSakAH pare / zumyadvitayarandhAdirantroktAH satyasaMyamaH // sahasramekaM trijJAna locanA strizatAdhikam / paJcamAvagamAH samatAni parameSThinaH // zatAni nayavijJeyA vikramavivaditAH / caturdazasahasrANi piNDitAH syurmunIzvarAH // candanAdyAyikAH zUnyatraya vahnisammitAH / bhAvakA lakSamekaM tu triguNAH zrAvikAstataH // - uttarapurANa 74 375-379 tilo0 0 4 / 1166-1176H hari0 pu0 60/432-440 sIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 203

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meSika : vaMzaparicaya I0 pU0 chaThI zatImeM magadhakA zAsana zizunAgavaMzIya kSatriya rAbAboMke bAhuoMko chAyAmeM pala rahA thaa| isakI utpasike sambandhameM batAyA jAtA hai ki mahAbhAratayuddhameM jarAsandhako mRtyuke paecAt unake bantima vaMzaja ripuJjayako magadhakA zAsanabhAra prApta hA |iske mantrI zukanadevane vi0 saM0 pUrva 677 (I. pU. 610) meM ise mAra DAlA aura apane putra pradyotanako magadhakA rAjA niyukta kiyaa| isa vaMzameM vi0 saM0 677-585 (I0 pU0 610-528) pUrva taka pAlama, vizAkhAbhUpa, janaka aura nandivarddhanane rAjya kiyaa| anantara isa vaMzakA pA~cavA~ rAjA zizunAga huA | yaha parAkramI, pratApI, sAhasI aura zUravIra thA, ataeva isoke nAmapara isa vaMzakA nAma zizunAgavaMza prasida huA / I0pU0 642-480 taka zizunAga, kAmavarNa, karmakSepaNa, apaNika, zreNika yA bimbasAra, kUNika yA ajAtazatra, harSaka, udayAzva, nandivarSana aura mahAnami ye dasa rAjA hue| ___ upazreNikake putrakA nAma zreNika bimbasAra thaa| isakA janma I0 pU0 601 meM huA thA / upatreNika magaSa-janapadake rAjA the| rAjamUha inako rAjapAnI thI / magadhake samIpavattoM candrapurake rAjA somazamAMkA upazraoNNaka sAtha yuddha huvA aura upaNikane use yubameM parAstakara apane samyakI vRddhi kI / upaNikako paTTarAnIkA nAma indrANI thA / zreNikakA janma isIkI kukSise huA thaa|' zreNikakA bacapana sukhake raMgIna palakoMmeM basA thaa| inheM bacapanameM mAtApitA donoMkA hI pyAra milA thaa| theNikakI buddhikI prazaMsA pratyeka vyakti karatA thA / vaha asAdhAraNa guNoMkA AgAra thA / bAlaka zreNikako vidyArambha karAyA gyaa| usane apanI kuzAgrabuddhike kAraNa por3e hI samayameM samasta vidyAoM, kalAoM aura zastra-saMcAlanameM pravINatA prApta kara lii| zreNikameM dAna deneko saMskAragata pravRtti thii| upazreNikako zreNikake atirikta anya putra bhI the| mahArAja upatreNikane cilAtIputrako rAjya denekA pahale hI vacana de diyA thA, parantu isa samaya inheM cintA utpanna huI ki saba putroMmeM saccA rAjyAdhikArI kauna hai ? ataH unhoMne eka jyotiSIko bulAkara pUchA-"mere putroMmeM mere rAjyakA adhikArI kauna hogA ? jyotiSIne kahA ki-"mahArAja Apa apane putroMko parIkSA kareM, jo adhika 1. zreNikarita, pR0 18-32. 204 : sIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAdhArya-paramparA

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buddhimAna aura yogya ho, use hI rAjyAdhikArI banAiye" / parIkSA nimna prakArase lI jA sakatI hai : 1. Apa eka cIno bharA huA ghar3A putrako dIjie, jo ghar3e ko sevakake sirapara rakhavAkara siMhadvArapara rakha Aye aura svayaM krIDA karatA huA pIchekI ora se nikala Aye, vahIM magadhakA svAmI hogA / 2. pratyeka putrako eka navIna ghar3A dIjie, jo ghar3eko osase bhara de, vahI magadhakA zAsaka hogA / 3. sabhI putroMko eka sAtha bhojana karAiye, ve jaba bhojanameM lIna hoM, eka khUMkhAra kuteko chor3a diijie| jo putra nirbhaya hokara bhojana karatA rahe aura kutteko bhI khilAtA rahe, vahI rAjA hogA / 4. jisa samaya nagara meM Aga lage, usa samaya jo putra sirapara kSetra, camara dhAraNakara nikale, vahI putra magadhakA bhAvI samrAT hogA / 5. bhojana aura jalase paripUrNa varttana dojie, jo putra ina vartanoMkA mu~ha khole vinA hI bhojana aura jala grahaNa kara le, vahI magadhakA adhikArI hogA / upazreNikane uparyukta rUpoMmeM apane sabhI putroMkI parIkSA kii| kumAra zreNika apanI adbhuta pratibhAke kAraNa sabhI parIkSAoMmeM saphala hue / unhoMne ghar3eko osase bhara diyaa| eka moTA vastra lekara jisa sthAnakI ghAsa bhIMgI huI thI, usa vastrako usa ghAsapara rakhakara kaI bAra ghumAyA aura mIMge hue vastrakA jala ghar3e meM nicor3a diyaa| isa prakAra kucha hI ghaMToMmeM bhasase ghar3eko bhara diyA / bhojana karate samaya khUMkhAra kutteke Anese anya putra to bhAga gaye, para zra eNikane apanI thAlI meMse kucha bhAjana kutteke sAmane bhI rakha diyA, jisase kuttA zAMta hokara bhojana karatA rahA ! kumAra zreNika bhI nizcinta hokara bhojana karatA rahA / isa prakAra zreNika bimbasAra apanI adbhuta medhAke kAraNa sabhI parIkSAoMmeM saphala hue, jisase upakSa nikane yaha nizcayakara liyA ki magadhakA bhAvI samrAT zreNika ho hogaa| para upazreNika vacanabaddha honeke kAraNa azAMta thA / vaha soca rahA thA ki maiMne cilAtIputrako rAjya denekA saMkalpa kiyA hai / merA yaha saMkalpa kaise pUrA hogA ? zreNikake rahate hue cilAtIputra rAjA nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataeva zreNikakA magadhase niSkAsana Avazyaka hai / upazreNikane zreNikako magadha chor3akara cale jAnekA Adeza diyA / kumAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 205

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zreNika rAjagRha chor3akara nandagrAma pahu~cA aura yahA~ apanI vidyA-buddhike prabhAvase AjIvikA arjita karane lgaa| isakI vidvattA aura pratibhAse somazarmA brAhmaNakI putrI nandazrI atyanta mAkRSTa huIM aura zreNikake sAtha pANigrahaNa karanekA abhi zreNikakA vivAha nandIke sAtha sampanna ho gayA aura isIse abhayakumAra nAmaka buddhimAn putra utpanna huaa| isa nagara meM zreNikane rAjA vasupAlake hAthIko nirmadakara vazameM kiyA, jisase rAjA atyadhika prasanna hubA / zreNikake parAmarzase rAjAne sAta dinoM taka ahiMsA dharmake pAlana karanekI ghoSaNA kI aura hiMsAko banda kara diyA / upazreNine apane saMkalpAnusAra cilAtIputrako magadhakA zAsaka niyata kiyA, para cilAtIputra apanI yogyatAoM aura asamarthatAoMke kAraNa rAjyasaMcAlana meM asamartha rhaa| upazreNikakI mRtyuke anantara cilAtIputrane prajApara atyAcAra karanA Arambha kiyA, jisase prajA " trAhi', 'trAhi karane lagI / mantriyoMne rAjyakI duravasthApara vicAra kiyA aura nizcaya kiyA ki cilAtIputrase rAjya nahIM cala sakatA hai| ataeva zreNika kI talAza karanI caahie| zizunAgavaMzameM zreNika bimbasAra hI aisA yogya vyakti hai, jo magagha - zAsanako sudRr3ha kara sakatA hai / phalataH zreNakako DhU~r3hakara magadhameM lAyA gayA aura I0 pU0 579 meM isakA rAjyAbhiSeka sampanna huA / cilAtIputra svayaM hI rAjyabhAra chor3akara calA gayA aura vaibhAragiripara muniyoMke nikaTa pahu~cA aura vahA~ digambarI-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| usane ghora tapazcaraNa kara sarvArthasiddhi vimAna prApta kiyA / zreNikane magadha-zAsaka bana rAjyakA vistAra kiyA aura I0 pU0 559 meM isane apanA pradhAnamantrI abhayakumArako niyata kiyA / keralanareza mRgAMkane apanI kanyA vilAsavatIkA vivAha zreNika bimbasAra ke sAtha sampanna kiyA / bimbasArakA eka anya vivAha vaMzAlIke rAjA ceTakakI putrI celanA ke sAtha bhI sampanna huA, jisase inake dhArmika jIvanameM Azcaryajanaka parivartana huA / bimbasAra ke sAtha celanAkA vivAha bhI eka ghaTanA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki bharata nAmaka citrakAra ceTakakI putrI celanAkA sundara citra aMkitakara rAjagRhameM upasthita huA / bimbasAra citrake darzanamAtrase mantramugdha ho, citrAGkita nArI celanAko prApta karaneke lie utkaMThita ho gayA / bimbasAra magadha chor3aneke anantara bauddhadharma meM dIkSita ho gayA thA aura isI dharmakA vaha pakkA zraddhAlu thA / ceTakI yah pratijJA thI ki caha 'sAdhamake sAtha hI apanI kanyAkA vivAha 206 : tArthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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karegA / nimbasAra bauddhadharmAnuyAyI thaa| kintu cetanAke sAtha vivAha karaneke lie vaha chalase jaina dharmAnuyAyI bana gayA / phalataH 'ceTakane celanAkA vidhAha vimbasAra ke sAtha I0pU0 558 meM kara diyA / jaba calatA rAjagRha meM AyI to bimbasArako jainadharmadveSI aura bauddhadharmakA anuyAyI zAlakara use Antarika vedanA huii| vaha socane lagI- "vaha nArI kyA, jo apane jAvana-sAthIko anukUla nahIM banA sakatI ? jo kArya astrazastroMse sampanna nahIM hote, ve buddhidvArA sampanna ho jAte haiM / maiM apanI sevA, tyAga aura tapazcaryA dvArA bimbasArake hRdayako parivartita kara duuNgii|" celanAse I0 pU0 557 mArcameM ajAtazatru yA kuNikakA janma huaa| vaha bar3A tejasvI aura pratApI thaa| bar3A honepara I0 pU0 535 meM vaha campAkA zAsaka niyukta huA aura SaDyantradvArA zreNikako bandIgRhameM bandI banAkara I0 pU0 526-503 meM magadhakA zAsaka banA | zreNika : mithyAtva timirakA dhvaMsa : samyaktvakA prakAza bimbasArako bauddhadharmakA ahaMkAra thA aura vaha jaina sAdhuoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAnemeM AnandakA anubhava karatA thaa| eka dina pA~ca sau zikArI kuttoMko lekara eka vanameM AkheTake lie gayA / vahA~ use eka sAdhu dhyAna-saMlagna dikhAI par3A / vaha jaina sAdhu the aura nAma thA yamaghara / bimbasArake manameM jaina sAdhuoM ke prati pahalese hI dveSAgni prajvalita thI / yamadharako dekhate hI usakA krodha bar3ha gayA / usane apane sabhI kuttoMko saMketa kiyA aura ve yamadharakI ora jhptte| para yamavara vItarAga the, unheM kisIse rAga-dveSa kyA ? ve apane karmAvaraNako tor3atemeM saceSTa the / unako vItarAgatAkI sAdhanA uttarottara bar3hatI jAtI thI / ve gambhIratApUrvaka apane Atma-nirIkSaNa meM rata the ! zikArI kuttoMke jhapaTane para bhI vaha apane sthAnapara himAlayakI bhA~ti aDiga the / unake Upara na kisIkA bhaya thA aura na AtaMka ho / nirbhaya hokara dhyAna meM lIna the / mahAn AzcaryakI ghaTanA ghaTita huI ki zikArI kutte yamadhara ke pAsa pahu~cakara pU~cha hilA-hilAkara dharatIpara loTane lage / yamadharakI ahiMsA aura kSamAzIlatA ke samakSa zikArI kutte bhI sarala sIdhe ho gaye / unake hRdaya meM viSake sthAnapara amRta utpanna ho gyaa| ve apanI khUMkhAratara bhUla gaye tathA munike caraNoM meM natamastaka ho gaye / bimbasAra ne isa ghaTanAko vismayakI dRSTise dekhA, para kSamA aura zAMti ke sthAnapara usake hRdaya meM munirAjake prati dveSAgni aura adhika uddIpta ho gayI / vaha mana hI mana socane lagA ki yaha sAdhu avazya hI mAyAvI hai| isane mAMgA karake tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 207

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zikArI kuttoMko apane dezameM kara liyA hai| aba meM isakI khabara liye binA nahIM bhAnuMgA isa prakAra bicArakara bimbasArane tarakase barANa nikAlA aura yamaghara munipara calAnA Arambha kiyaa| para yahA~ bhI atyanta vizmayakArI ghaTanA ghaTita huI / bimbasArake bANa dhamavara munirAja taka pahuMcate hI nahIM the| balapUrvaka calAye gaye bANa bhI unako pradakSiNA dekara vApasa lauTa jaate| bANose munirAjakI kucha bhI hAni nahIM huI / isa ghaTanA se bimbasArakA mana kopajvAlAse jala uThA / usakI dveSAgni aura adhika bhabhaka utthii| ataeva usane eka mRta sarpa yamadhara munike gale meM DAla diyA / sarpake pada bhI munirAja pahale samAna hI gambhIra aura baTala bane rahe / bimbasAra jaba lauTakara apane rAjabhavana meM pahuMcA, to usane bar3e garva ke sAtha rAjamahiSI celanAko batalAyA ki Aja unheM kisa prakAra eka munikA darzana huA / apane zikArI kuttoMko chor3A, para ve munikI pradakSiNA kara zAnta ho gaye / muniko Ahata karaneke lie usane bANa calAye, para ve bhI viphala ho gaye / jaba muniko pratyakSa rUpase kisI prakArakA kaSTa na pahu~cA sakA to mRtasarpa unake gale meM DAlakara vahAMse vApasa calA AyA / rAjamahiSI celanAse ahaMkArapUrvaka ukta bAteM kahate hue ve bole-''devI ! lagatA hai ki tumhArA guru bar3A mAyAvI yA mAntrika hai| usane kuttoMko to vazameM kara hI liyA, mere bANoMko bho asaphala kara diyA / " rAjamahiSI calanA - "svAmin! ahiMsA kI pUrNa sAdhanA karanevAle jaina bhuni vItarAga hote haiN| rAga-dveSase rahita hone ke kAraNa unake samakSa hiMsAkI kriyAeM asaphala ho jAtI hai| zarIrase mamatvakA tyAga karaneke kAraNa ye samadarzI hote haiM / bhApane inheM duHkha dekara bar3A pApa kiyA hai| Apako apane bure AcaraNa ke lie prAyazcitta karanA cAhie / bimbasArane rAjamahiSI celanAkI bAtoMko ha~sImeM ur3A denA cAhA; para jaba celanAne apane tarkoM dvArA rAjAko prabhAvita kiyA to unheM munirAja yamagharako sevAmeM upasthita hone ke lie bAdhya honA par3A / yamaghara dhyAnameM saMlagna the| unake mu~hapara divya tejakI chaTA vidyamAna thI / zarIrapara lAkhoM cIMTiyAM car3hI huI thiiN| cIMTiyoMne kATa-kATakara unake zarIrako kSata-vikSata kara diyA / kintu zarIra se itane anAsakta the ki unheM isa vedanAkA tanika bhI anubhava nahIM ho rahA thA / unakI cetanA akhaNDa ananta Anandase paripUrNa thI / unake AdhyAtmika vikAsake samakSa bhautika vikAsa 208 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya - paramparA

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nagaNya aura zrIhIna the / saMyamako sAdhanAne unakI AtmAmeM apUrva seba utpanna kara diyA thaa| bhunirAjako cIMTiyoke upasargase AkrAnta dekhakara celanAkI AMkheM sajala ho utthii| usane apane hAthoMse yamadharake zarIrapara bar3hI huI coTiyoMko haTAyA aura unake zarorapara candanakA lepa kiyaa| upasargake dUra hote hI munine AMkheM khola dii| bimbasAra apanI rAjamahiSI celanAke sAmane khar3e the| munine eka sAtha donoMko dharmavRddhikA AzIrvAda diyA; ataH unakI dRTise upakAra aura apAra mAralevArageI kAra nahIM thaa| munirAjake isa vyavahArase bimbasAra bahuta prabhAvita hue| unake hRdayakI granthi khula gayI / hRdaya parivattita ho gyaa| pratihiMsAkI agni zAnta ho gayI aura ajita mithyAtva vigalita hone lgaa| bhAtma-kalyANakA duvarSe mAga dRSTigocara hone lagA / jIvanakA maMgalaghaTa Atmasaurabhase bharane lgaa| bimbasArako Aja aisA anubhava haA-mAno usakA nayA janma haA ho| unakA abhAnatama Dhala cukA thA aura sacce jJAnakI kiraNeM phUTa rahI thiiN| unake jIvanake itihAsameM yaha ghar3I sadA avismaraNIya rhegii| maMgala-prabhAtakA darzana hote hI bimbasArakI AtmA mRdula ho gayI aura usameM upadeza grahaNa karanekA pAtratva vikasita ho gyaa| yamaghara muni kahane lage"vatsa! yaha saMsAra nAzavAna hai, zarIra kSaNasthAyI hai, AtmA ajara-amara hai| jo yananta caitanyako prabuddha karanekI sAdhanA karatA hai, usIkA mAnava-zarIra prApta karanA sArthaka hai / jIvanameM kucha aise prasaMga Ate haiM, jo jIvanako dhArAko mor3a dete haiM / ataeva aba tuma tozrIkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM jAo / vaha samavazaraNa vipulAcalapara sthita hai|" mahAvIrake darzana-mAtrase bimbasArakA jIvana kRtArtha ho gayA / vaha mahAvIrake upadezoMkA pramukha zrotA thaa| usane sATha hajAra jovana aura jagatsambandhI prazna pUche, jinakA mahAvIrane uttara dekara zroNikako santuSTa kiyA / itihAsakAroMko dRSTimeM zreNika ___itihAsakAroMne zreNikakA ullekha bimbasArake nAmase kiyA hai| bauddhagranthoMmeM bhI zreNikakA vistRta jIvana-paricaya prApta hotA hai| batAyA gayA ki 22 varSako avasthAse 52 varSa taka zreNikane rAjya-zAsana kiyA thaa| gilagiTase prApta mainyuskripTameM zreNikakA ullekha hai / ' bauddhasAhityameM theNika 1. vIpavaMza 3-56-10 tIrSakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 209

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kA vRtta usI avasthA taka hai| jaba taka vaha mauvadharmAvalambI rahA thaa| jainadharmako grahaNa karaneke pazcAtkI ghaTanAoMkA ullekha bauddhasAhityameM nahIM milatA hai / suprasiddha itihAsajJa visenTa smiyane 'oNksa phorDa hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA' meM zroNikakA nirdaza kiyA hai tathA inake rAjya-vistArakA bhI varNana diyA hai|' zrIkAzIprasAda jAyasavAlane bihAra risarca sosAiTIke jarnala bhAga ekameM batAyA hai ki zreNikakA rAjyakAla 51 varSakA thaa| kauzAmbIke paransapa zatAnIka aura zrAvastIke prasenaSita inake samakAlIna rAjA the| zrIjayacandra vidyAlaMkArane apane 'bhAratIya itihAsakI rUparekhA' pranyameM zreNikakA vizeSa varNana kiyA hai| inhoMne bauddha evaM jaina granthoMke AdhArapara magadha sAmrAjyakA sarvaprathama zAsaka zreNikako hI svIkAra kiyA hai| batAyA gayA hai ki ceTaka, bimbasAra Adi rAjAoMke samakAlIna mahAtmA buddha the| zreNikakA uttarAdhikArI ajAtazatru humA, jisane apane rAjyakA bahuta vistAra kiyA / ___DaoN0 ramAzaMkara tripAThIne likhA hai-"bimbasAra eka sAmAnya sAmanta bhaTTiyakA putra thA aura usakA viruda seniya athavA zreNika thaa| pahale to usakI rAjadhAnI bhI prAcIna giridhAzamA bAdareM jagale po nAsAko sadi rAjadhAnI basAkara usane usakA 'rAmagRha' nAma sArthaka kiyaa| vimbasArane ArambhameM apane prabhAvako vaivAhika sambandhoMkI nItise bddh'aayaa| usakI pradhAna mahiSI kozaladevI rAjA 'pasenadi'kI bhaginI thI; dUsarI rAnI celanA vikhyAta licchavi rAjA 'ceTaka' kI kanyA thI aura sIsarI rAnI kSemA madra (madhya paMjAba) kI rAjakumArI thii| ina vivAhoMse na kevala bimbasArakA samasAmayika rAjakulopara prabhAva vidita hotA hai, varan yaha bhI satya hai ki inhoMkI pRSThabhUmipara magadhake prasArako aTTAlikA rUr3I huI / udAharaNataH kevala kozaladevIke vivAhadahejameM hI kAzIko eka lAkhakI vArSika Aya magadhako prApta huI / bimbasArane apanI vijayoMse bhI rAjyakA vistAra kiyaa| aMgake rAjA brahmadattako parAsta kara usake janapada-rAjyako magadhameM milA liyA" / zreNika : pradhAna ghotA tIrthakara mahAbIrake samavazaraNakA vaibhava anirvacanIya thaa| munirAja yamagharake upadezase aura mahArAnI calanAke kAryoM dvArA hRdaya parivartita honese zreNika vipulAcalapara sthita samavazaraNa meM pradhAna zrotA the| ve indra dvArA lAye gaye ? >>xford History of India P. 45. 2 Journal of Bihar Research Society VIP.J14. 3 prAcIna bhAratakA itihAsa, san 1956, banArasa, pR073-74. 210 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI aacaary-prmpr|

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indrabhUti gautama, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, Adiko adhyarthanA hetu upasthita the / vajji aura licchavI rAjA bhI samavazaraNameM zrotAke rUpameM upasthita the / cAroM ora harSa aura ullAsakI lahara vyApta thI / yoM to samavazaraNakI vyavasthA ho aisI thI ki sabhI zrotA jIva-jantu apane-apane niyata sthAnapara baiThate cale jA rahe the| para mahArAja zreNika apanI opacArikatA pradarzita karaneke liye sabhIkI bhAvabhInI abhyarthanA karate hue yathAsthAna baiThanekA nivedana kara rahe the / zroNika yugavibhUti tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake prati apanI apAra bhakti dikhalA rahe the | isa samaya zramikako dekhakara aisA tanika bhI AbhAsa nahIM hotA thA ki ye kabhI dRSTi rahe haiM / zra Nikake hRdaya meM bhakti ke sAtha Atma-cintanakI AkulatA bhI samAhita thii| unake mana meM triSaSTizalAkA-puruSoMke jIvanavRttako avagata karane kI prabala icchA thI / ataeva unhoMne samavazaraNa meM triSaSTizalAkA-puruSoMke caritako jJAta karane kI icchA vyakta kii| Aja jitane jena purANa upalabdha haiM, ve sabhI zreNikake praznoMke uttarake rUpameM grathita kiye gaye haiM / samavazaraNameM yoM to sabhI zrotAoMko prazna karanekA adhikAra thA, para zreNikako yaha adhikAra sabase adhika prApta thA 1 jisa prakAra indrabhUti gautamako mahAvIrake paTTagaNadhara honekA saubhAgya prApta hai, usI prakAra zreNikako pradhAna zrotA honekA gaurava upalabdha hai / samavazaraNa meM divyadhvani ke prAdurbhAvahetu gautama gaNadhara jaise vyAkhyAtAkI AvazyakatA thI, usI prakAra janahita ke liye the ki jaise praznakartAkI bhI / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake upadeza janakalyANake hetu sarala aura subodha zailImeM hote the / unameM na ADambara thA, na DhakosalA thA, na durAva thA, na koI chala-kapaTa hI / rohA : babalA jIvana eka pravacanane rohAkA pitA mRtyuzayyApara par3A hai| vaha antima ghar3iyA~ gina rahA hai / para na mAlUma kisa AzAmeM usake prANa aTake hue haiN| rohA pitAkI sevA meM upasthita huA aura karabaddha prArthanA karatA huA kahane lagA- pUjya tAta ! ApakI antima icchA kyA hai ? putrakA karttavya hai ki vaha pitAkI icchAoMko pUrNa kare | ataeva meM ApakI antima icchAko pUrNa karaneke liye prastuta hU~ / " pitA -- " vatsa ! meM to kucha hI kSaNoMkA mehamAna hU~, para tujhe merI antima icchA pUrNa karanI hai / " rohA - "tAta ! zIghra AjJA diijiye| maiM sabhI tarahase taiyAra hU~ / " pitA - " vatsa ! tIrthaMkara mahAvIra nAmakA eka adbhuta jAdUgara hai| usakI vANIkA prabhAva vicitra rUpameM par3atA hai / vaha sadAcAra, dharma aura jJAnakA upadeza detA hai, usake upadezane mere kitane hI sAthiyoMke hRdaya parivartita kara tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 211

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diye haiN| ve caura-karma chor3akara sadgRhasthakA jIvana vyatIta karane lage haiM / ataeva tuma tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA upadeza sunaneke liye kabhI mata jAnA aura jisa rAste meM unakI samavazaraNa sabhA juTI ho, usa rAste se bhI alaga rahanA !" rohA - "pUjyacaraNa ! ApakI AjJA svIkAra hai / " pitAko mRtyuke anantara rohA apane paitRka vyavasAya cIrya-karmako sucAru rUpase sampAdita karane lgaa| eka dina vaha kisI gA~vase corI karake loTa rahA thA ki mArga meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa dRSTigocara huA / vaha socane lagA-' - "koI dUsarA mArga bhI nahIM hai| meM kahA~ Akara pha~sa gayA hU~ / divyadhvanikA eka bhI zabda sunAyI na par3e, isa uddezyase usane apane kAna banda kara liye aura tejI se daur3ane lgaa| daur3atA huA jaba vaha samavazaraNa ke samIpa pahu~cA, to usake pairameM eka kA~TA gar3a gayA / aba to usakA calatA hI banda ho gayA | ataH kAnoMparase hAtha haTAkara kA~TA nikAlane lagA / isI samaya tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI divyadhvani dvArA devalokakA varNana kiyA jA rahA thA - "devoMkI praticchAyA nahIM pdd'tii| unake netroMke palaka nahIM girate / ve dharatIpara pA~va nahIM rakhate / cAra aMgula Upara AkAzameM hI calate haiM / unakI puSpamAlA mlAna nahIM hotI / " vinA icchA ke rohAke kAnoMmeM ye pravacana praviSTa ho gaye aura vaha ina pravacanoMko bhUlaneke liye nAnA prakArakI gAliyA~ bakane lagA / kintu saMsArakA yaha niyama hai ki jisa bAtako bhUlane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bAta aura adhika yAda AtI hai| rohAne bhI mahAvIrake pravacanoMko bhUlane kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA, para vaha unheM bhUla na sakA / rohAke caurya-kRtyoMse rAjagRha nivAsI bahuta taMga ho gaye the| corIse parezAna nAgarikoMne samrAT zreNika ke samakSa prArthanA prastuta kI aura zreNikane maMtrI abhayakumArako corako pakar3ane aura ucita daNDa denekA adhikAra de diyaa| abhayakumArane guptarUpase coroMke aDDoMkA nirIkSaNa kiyA aura candrasenA nAmaka vaizyAko corake pakar3ane ke liye SaDyantrahetu taiyAra kiyA / rohA vezyAgamana ke hetu candrasenA ke yahA~ gayA / candrasenA rohAkI bhAva-bhaMgimAse samajha gayI ki yaha cora hai| ataH usane madirA pAna dvArA rohAko behoza kara abhayakumArako sUcanA dii| abhayakumAra ke AdezAnusAra, rohAke rahasyakA patA lagAneke liye use eka suvAsita bhavanameM sulA diyA gayA aura usake cAroM ora cAra sundariyA~ divya vastrAlaMkAra dhAraNakara khar3I ho gyiiN| jaba rohAkI mUrcchA dUra huI, to apaneko eka sajjita, suvAsita aura divyabhavana meM prAptakara use Azcarya huA / ve cAroM sundariyA~ hAtha 212 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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jor3akara kahane lagI- "yaha svarga hai aura hamaloga devAGganAeM haiN| ApakI sevAke liye prastuta huI haiN|" rohA socane lagA- "tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane batalAyA thA ki devAMganAooMkI praticchAyA nahIM par3atI / netroMke palaka nahIM jhapakate / dharatIpara pA~va nahIM par3ate / para ina sundariyoM meM ye lakSaNa nahIM ghaTita ho rahe haiN| avazya hI mujhe pakar3ane ke liye yaha SaDyantra kiyA gayA hai| ataH mujhe kapaTapUrvaka uttara denA cAhiye / vaha bolA maiM atyanta dharmAtmA huuN| maiMne dAna-puNya ke aneka kArya kiye haiN| unhIMke phalasvarUpa yaha svarga milA hai|" pramANa na milanese abhayakumArane lAcAra hokara rohAko chor3a diyA / bandhanamukta honepara hA vicArane lagA - "yaha saMsAra svArthI hai| mere pitAne svArthase prerita hokara hI tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA upadeza na sunaneke liye pratijJA karAyI thI / Aja mere prANoMko rakSA mahAvIrake pravacanoMse hI huI hai| mahAvIra sarvajJa, hitopadezI aura vItarAga hai| ataH mere liye unakA zaraNa hI kalyANakAraka ho sakatA hai| maiMne unake prati apazabdoMkA vyavahArakara pApa-bandha kiyA hai / ata: maiM kSamA yAcanAkara isa caurya-karmako tyAgakara digambara-dIkSA grahaNa karU~gA / isa saMsAra meM koI kisI kA nahIM hai| saba svArthavaza hitaiSI banate haiM / " isa prakAra UhApohakara rohA cora mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM upasthita huA pazcAttApake kAraNa usakA hRdaya zuddha tathA nirmala bana gayA aura usane digambaradIkSA grahaNa kara lI / vAstavameM mahAvIra aise pArasamaNi the, jinake samparkase rohA cora jaise kitane hI pApI svarNa bana gaye / unake pravacana meM hRdaya parivartanakI apUrva kSamatA thI | duSTa-se-duSTa aura durAcArI se durAcArI bhI unake nikaTa samparka meM Anepara parivartita hue binA nahIM raha sakatA thA / unako vANIkA prabhAva jAdU jaisA thaa| unhoMne apanI ahiMsAkI madhura vINAdvArA logoMke hRdayako dravIbhUta kara diyA / ve apane yugake sarvazreSTha dharmanAyaka aura janahiteSI the / meghakumAra : vilAsakA virAga kahA jAtA hai ki meghakumArakA jIvana bar3A hI vilAsI yA / use bhogopabhogakI vastuoMse vizeSa ruci thI / susvAdu aura sundara bhojana karanA, nRtyakA avalokana karanA aura saMgItadvArA cittakA anuraMjana karanA usakA pratidinakA kAryaM thaa| jisane bhI meghakumArake vaibhava aura vilAsako dekhA, usane kabhI yaha kalpanA bhI nahIM ki yaha vyakti kabhI virakta ho sakatA hai / vilAsakA pariNamana vItarAgatA meM zAyada hI kabhI hotA hai| jo indriya-sukhoMkA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 213

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dAsa bana cukA hai, kyA vaha kabhI AtmAkA ArAdhaka ho sakatA hai ? dAsase svAmI bananA sahaja nahIM hai| mAnavatAke itihAsameM megha kumArakA aisA udAharaNa hai, jo jIvanako parivartita karanekI kSamatA rakhatA hai| zreNikake sAtha meghakumAra bhI mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM phuNcaa| usane bar3e bhaktibhAvase prabhukA caraNa-vandana kiyA aura apane sthAnapara baiThakara tIthaMkara mahAvIrakA upadeza zravaNa karane lgaa| divyadhvani dvArA samyaktvakA vivecana kiyA jA rahA thA / AtmotyAnakA sAdhana samyagdarzanako pratipAdita kiyA jA rahA thaa| pratyeka AtmAmeM paramAtmajyoti vidyamAna hai aura pratyeka cetanameM paramacetana sAmAhita hai / cetana aura paramacetana do nahIM haiM, eka haiM / karmAkaraNake kAraNa yaha AtmA saMsArameM paribhramaNa kara rahI hai, para jaba yaha saMsArake bandhanoMse mukta ho jAyagI, to siddhAvasthAko prApta kara legI tathA yahI bhikhArIse bhagavAn bana jaaygii| ___ samyagdarzanake ukta mAhAtmyako sunakara medhakumAra socane lagA---"kAmanA oMkI dAsatA hI sabase bar3I dAsatA hai / indriya-sukhoMke adhIna rahanevAlA vyakti kabhI nirAkula nahI ho sakatA hai| maiMne apanI isa yuvAvasthA meM sabhI prakArake indriya-sukhoMko ekatra kiyA hai, para mujhe kabhI ina sukhoMse tRpti prApta nahIM huI hai| divyadhvanimeM AtmaniSThAkA aura saMsArake viSayoMkI asAratAkara satarka vivecana kiyA gayA hai / ataeva meM zuddha niraMjana nirvikArI pada prApta karaneke lie prabhucaraNoM meM digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kaheMgA / aba na to mujhe rAjya karanekI icchA hai aura na rAjasI vaibhavako bhoganekI hI AkAMkSA hai / yaha jagat mujhe dhadhakatI citAke samAna santApa-kAraka pratIta ho rahA hai / ataeva meM mAtA-pitAkI anumati lekara aba digambara-dIkSA dhAraNa kruuNgaa|" samavazaraNase lauTane ke pazcAt bheSakumArane mAtA-pitAse anurodha kiyA"merA mana saMsArake viSayoMse Uba gayA hai aura mujhe yaha nizcaya ho gayA hai ki ye viSayacAhako dAha bar3hAnevAle haiN| jaise agnimeM jitanA adhika Idhana DAlate Aiye, agni utanI hI adhika prajvalita hotI jAyagI / agniko zAMti karaneke lie jalakI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isI prakAra indriya-viSayoMko zamana karaneke lie tyAga aura vairAgyakI AvazyakatA hai| saMyama hI eka aisA sAdhana hai, jo bhogecchAoMko niyantrita kara sakatA hai| pUjyavara ! Apa donoMke upakAra mere Upara adhika hai| Apane merI samasta sukha-suvidhAoMkA dhyAna rakhA hai tathA merA bharaNa-poSaNa sabhI prakArase kiyA hai| bada merI antaraMga inchA digambara-dIkSA dhAraNa karanekI hai| merI vila214 : toyaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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sitAmeM vItarAgatAkA guNAtmaka parivattaMna ho gayA hai / vigata vilAsI-jIvanakA smaraNa Ate hI merA mana pazcAttApase bhara jAtA hai / ataeva Apa mahAnubhAva mujhe dIkSA grahaNa karanekI anumati pradAna kIjie; jisase maiM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako zaraNameM jAkara vrata grahaNa kara sakU~ / " ___ zreNika meghakumArakI udAsInatA aura ukta bhAvanAko avagata kara atyaMta Azcarya cakita hue aura unheM isa bAtakI cintA huI ki meghakumArake dIkSita honese truTi AyegI aura zAsana-vyasthA samyakapase nahIM cala paayegii| vaha socane lage_ "meSakumAra sukumAra prakRtike haiM, inase kyA kaThora digambara-dIkSAkA nirvAha ho sakegA? tapasyA karanA bar3A kaThina hai / kSudhA, tRSNA, zIta, uSNa AdikI bAdhAoMko sahana karanA sarala nahIM hai| indriya aura manakA nigraha karane ke hetu bar3e sAhasa aura dhairyako AvazyakatA hai / ataH meghakumAra digambara munike asidhArA-vratakA pAlana kisa prakAra kara sakegA ?" bahuta soca-vicAra karaneke pazcAt zreNikane meghakumArako sambodhita kara kahA-"vatsa ! tyAga aura saMyamake kaThora mArgakA tuma anusaraNa kara sakoge? abhI tumheM gharameM rahakara hI Atma-sAdhanA karanI cAhie / isake sAtha cintana, manana, prANimAtrakI hitaiSitA evaM sarvaprANi-samabhAvako udAttavRttiyoMko bhI AtmasAt karanA cAhie | parigraha aura mamatAke ghaTane yA naSTa honepara hI gRhatyAga karanA ucita hogaa|" meghakumAra--"pUjyavara tAta ! ApakA ukta kathana yathArtha hai / para maiMne yaha anubhava kara liyA hai ki pApa kabhI sukhakA kAraNa nahIM bana sakate | inake sevana. se antarAtmA kaluSita ho jAtI hai aura vyakti apane nija svarUpako bhUle rahatA hai| yaha mohodayakA pariNAma hai ki Apake mukhase isa prakArako bAteM nikala rahI haiN| sAtvika vRttiko pratyeka samajhadAra vyakti sukhaprada mAnatA hai| pApakA sevana karanevAleko loka, paralokameM sabhI prakArakI yAtanAe~ bhogano par3atI haiN| asa: merA nizcaya aTala hai| Apa saMyama grahaNa karanekI anumati diijie|" ___ meghakumArake ukta kapanako sunakara mAtAko mamatA umar3a par3I aura vaha kahane lagIM-"vatsa ! tuma merI A~khoMke tArA ho / tumhAre vinA meM kaise prANa dhAraNa kara sakU~gI / kyA machalI jalase vimukta honepara jIvita raha sakatI hai ? ataH mAMkA bAgraha svIkAra kara tumheM abhI gRhavAsa hI karanA cAhie / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 215

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jmeSTaputra honeke kAraNa tumhIM rAjyake adhikArI ho, ataH rAjyasukhakA upabhoga kiye binA tumheM dIkSA dhAraNa nahIM karanI caahie|' uparyukta kathanase prabhAvita ho zreNika kahane lagA-"vatsa ! tumane yadi digambarI dIkSA grahaNa karanekA nizcaya kara liyA hai, to koI bAta nhiiN| para merA eka anurodha svIkAra karo tuma jyeSTha putra ho, ataH eka dinake lie rAjya-zAsana svIkAra karo, tadanantara dIkSA grahaNa krnaa|" medhakumArane pitA theNikakA mAdeza svIkArakara eka dinake lie magadhakA rAjyazAsana grahaNa kiyA aura bar3I satarkanA "vaM kuzalatApUrvaka rAjyakA saMcAlana kiyaa| isake dvArA kI gayo rAjyavyavasthAne zreNikako Azcarya cakita kara diyaa| eka anubhavI samrAT jisa prakAra rAjyazAsanakI vyavasthA karatA hai, usI prakAra meSakumArane rAjyako vyavasthA kii| mantrivarga bhI usakI buddhi evaM rAjanItijJatAko dekhakara prabhAvita thaa| jaba dina samApta ho gayA to zreNikane medhakumArase prazna kiyA ki aba kyA vicAra hai ? zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa karoge athavA rAjya-saMcAlana? meghakUmArane vinIta bhAvase uttara diyA-sAsa ! maiM apane nizcayapara aTala huuN| mujhe rAjya-sukha nIrasa pratIta ho rahA hai| ina bhayaMkara viSaya-bhogarUpI saukI phuphakArase meM jalA jA rahA huuN| ataeva aba mujhe zIghra hI dIkSA grahaNa karanekI anumati milanI caahie|" zreNikako meghakumArake dRr3ha nizcayakA bodha ho gayA / ataH usane prasannatApUrvaka dIkSA dhAraNa karanekI anumati pradAna kii| ___ mAtA-pitAse anumati prAptakara medhakumAra apanI ATha patniyoMke madhya dIkSAkI svIkRti leneka lie upasthita huA / usane apanI patniyoMse mAttA pitAkI anumati prAptikI carcA kI aura kahA-"tIrthakara mahAvIrakI dezanA sunanese mere hRdayako kAlimA dUra ho gayI hai| meya hRdaya candramAke samAna nirmala aura ghavala ho gayA hai / satyakI vAstavikatA aura saMsArako asAratAkA citra netroM ke samakSa sAkAra ho uThA hai| ataeva aba Apa loga bhI mujhe Atma-kalyANa karaneke lie anumati diijie|" patniyAM kahane lagIM-"nAtha! hama loga Apake viyoga meM jIvita bhI nahIM raha skeNgii| Apake yahA~se cale jAneke pazcAt hamAre prANa bhI Apake sAtha hI cale jAyeMge / zarIrakA calanA so hamAre hAthameM nahIM hai, para prAmoMkA calanA to hamArI icchAke adhIna hai| Apa jAnate hI haiM ki nArIke lie pati hI gatti hai, patti hI zaraNa hai aura pati hI sarvasva hai| patike na rahane para nArIkA 216:tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAcArya paramparA

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jIvana vipanna ho jAtA hai| ataH abhI hama loga Apako dIkSita honeko anumati nahIM deNgii|" ____ meghakumArake viraktimaya bhAvoMko parivartita karanekI dRSTise ve nAnAprakArake hAva-bhAva aura kaTAkSose use patha-vicalita karane lgii| jitendriya meghakumArake manapara isa prakArake vikAro bhAvoMkA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3A / lAstra ceSTAe~ karanepara bhI ve unheM pathabhraSTa na kara pAyauM / jaba meghakumArakI rAniyoMko usakI dRr3hatAkA paricaya prApta ho gayA, to ve bhI lAcAra ho gayIM aura unheM bhI parAbhUta hokara meghakumArako anumati denI pdd'ii| parivArake sabhI sadasyoMse svIkRti prAptakara meghakumAra atyadhika prasanna huA aura vaha sIdhe calakara rAjagahameM avasthita mahAvIrake samavaraNameM phuNcaa| usane gautama svAmIse nivedana kiyA-"pramo! maiMne digambarI dIkSA grahaNa karane ko apane parivArase anumati prApta kara lI hai / ataeva aba mujhe bhI Arama-kalyANa karanekA avasara diyA jAya / tIrthakara mahAvIrakI zaraNa ho mere lie sarvasva hai|" medhakumArane digambarI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura vaha anya muniyoMke samAna Atma-zodhanameM pravRtta huaa| meghakumAra bihAra meM anya muniyoMke sAtha bhUmipara zayana karate the| sabase bAdameM dIkSita honeke kAraNa ye laghumuni kahalAte the| inheM soneke lie dvArake pAsa sthAna prApta hotA thaa| dvArase hokara muniyoMkA AvAgamana lagA hI rahatA thaa| isase meghakUmArako prAyaH anya maniyoMke TakarA jAnekA kaSTa uThAnA par3atA thA inakI nIMda samApta ho gayI thI aura manameM pazcAttApakI bhAvanA utpanna ho gayI thii| __jaba meghakumAra rAjakumArake padapara pratikSita the, usa samaya sabhI muni unakA Adara-satkAra karate the| para Aja ve hI apane pairoMko dhUli ur3Ate hue unake pAsase nikala jAte haiN| Adara-sammAna prakaTa karaneko kauna kahe, koI unakI ora AMkha uThAkara bhI nahIM dekhatA, meghakumArake hRdayameM vicAroMkA tUphAna uTha rahA thaa| unake hRdayameM rAga, dvaSa aura amarSake bhAva jAgRta ho uThe the / ataH unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki aba isa saMghameM rahakara apamAna sahanA ucita nahIM / indrabhUti goptama gaNadharako sUcitakara aura unase anumati lekara yahA~se cale jAnA hI zreyaskara hai| meghakumAra tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unake pramukha gaNaghara indrabhUtikI sevA tIrthakara mahApaura aura namako dezamA : 217

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meM upasthita hue / mana:paryayajJAnI gautamane meghakumAra ke antasko jAna liyA aura kahA- "meghakumAra, tuma muniyoMke vyavahArase udAsIna hokara ghara jAnA cAhate ho ? tumheM muniyoMke AvAgamanase kaSTa ho rahA hai ? tumhAre sonekA sthAna sabake antameM hai, yaha saba tumhAre lie apamAnakA kAraNa hai / jaba tuma rAjakumAra avasthAmeM the, taba sabhI muni tumhArA Adara karate the, para ana dIkSA meM laghu hone ke kAraNa samasta muniyoMko tumheM hI 'namo'stu' kahanA par3atA hai| sabhI sAdhuvarga mauna hokara sAdhanA meM saMlagna haiM, ataH tumase koI bAta-cIta bhI nahIM karatA / tumheM ina saba bAtoMke kAraNa Antarika vedanA ho rahI hai / " meghakumAra ukta vAtoMkA kyA uttara detA ? tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadhara ke samakSa unakA mastaka nata ho gayA / indrabhUti dvArA kahI gayIM sabhI bAteM yathArtha thiiN| indrabhUti torthaMkara mahAvIrako divyadhvanikA AdhAra grahaNakara kahane lage - " vatsa, sabhI muni tumhAre sAthI haiM, sAdhanApathameM ve sabhI tumhAre sahayAtrI haiM | sAdhanA kAlameM mauna rahanA Avazyaka hotA hai aura yaha bhI anivArya mAnA jAtA hai ki vyarthako bAta-cItakara samaya naSTa na kiyA jaay| vikathAoMkI carcA karanA heya mAnA gayA hai / " "sAghanA - vratI ke lie mauna sabase bar3A bala mAnA gayA hai| maunase hRdayake bhItara eka aisI Aga utpanna hotI hai, jisameM manakI kaluSatA jalakara bhasma ho jAtI hai / mauna manake vikArabhAvoMko niyantrita karanekA sAdhana hai / " "anya munivarga tumhAre prati isIlie udAsIna rahate haiM ki tuma apane hRdayameM samabhAvako sthira rakha sko| tumane dIkSA grahaNa ko hai aura tuma sAdhanApathapara cala rahe ho / ataH tumhArA kisIke dvArA sammAna kiyA jAya yA na kiyA jAya, isase kyA banatA - bigar3atA hai| Atma-sAdhakako so apane prati sadA jAgarUka rahanA caahie| jise mAna-apamAnakA khayAla hai, usase AtmasAdhanA saMbhava nahIM hai / sAdhanAkA uddezya vItarAgatA kI prApti hai| vItarAga hI nirvANa-lAbha karatA hai / " indrabhUti gaNadharake ukta vacanoMko sunakara meghakumArake netra khula gye| unheM apano bhUla jJAta ho gayI / unakI vANIne meghakumArake bhItara amRta rasa ghola diyA aura ve mana-hI-mana pazcAttApa karane lage / indrabhUti punaH kahane lage - " vatsa ! tuma nahIM jAnate ki tuma kauna ho ? kyA the ? para maiM tumhArI pUrvaparyAyoMko bhalIbhAMti jAnatA hU~ / Ajase tIsare bhavameM tuma eka hAthI the / 218 : sIbaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI vAcArya-paramparA

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mahamA bhAga eka ni gye| bar3e jorakA tUphAna vyAyA / gharatI AkAza sabhI kucha dhUlase bhara gye| cAroM ora andherA chA gayA / jIvajantu vyAkula hokara idhara-udhara bhAgane lage tumheM bhI apane prANoMkI cintA huii| tuma bhI usa andheremeM bhAga khar3e hue| kahA~ jA rahe the, kucha patA nahIM, yataH sabhI dizAe~ timirAcchanna thiiN| hAthoM-hAtha dikhalAyI nahIM par3atA thA / " / "Akhira tuma eka dala - dalameM jA pha~se / tumane usa daladala se bAhara nikalanekA athaka prayatna kiyA, para tuma nikala na sake / aba varSA banda ho gayI, bAdala chUTa gaye aura AMdhI zAMta ho gayI, taba dizAe~ svaccha huii| aba tumheM jJAna huA ki tuma bar3I kaThinAI meM pha~sa gaye ho / yahA~ uddhAra honA bhI sambhava nahIM / vanake hiMsaka jIva-jantuoMne jaba tumheM dala-dala meM pha~sA huA nissahAya dekhA, to me tumhAre Upara TUTa pdd'e| tumhArA sArA zarIra unhoMne nakha aura dA~toM kSata-vikSata kara diyA / tumane prANoMkA tyAga kiyA aura yaha durbhAvanA utpanna kI ki ina zatruoMse pratizodha liyA jAya / isa nidAna ke phalasvarUpa tuma punaH vindhyAcala parvata para hAthI ke rUpameM utpanna hue / " "tumhArA zarIra bhArI-bharakama thA / tumhAre padAghAtase dharatI kAMpatI thI / vanake bar3e-bar3e hiMsaka jIva-jantu bhI tumheM dekhate hI bhayabhIta ho jAte the aura tumhArA mArga chor3akara eka ora khar3e ho jAte the / eka dina tuma punaH mahAvipattike Avarta meM pha~sa gaye / usa vana meM bhISaNa dAvAgni laga gyii| per3a-paudhe jalakara bhasma hone lage / vanake sAtha-sAtha sahasroM jIva-jantu bhI samApta hone lage / " "dAvAgni ke kAraNa vanake jIva-jantu apanI rakSA ke lie surakSita sthAna DhU~r3hane lge| tuma bhI prANabhayase bhAgakara eka surakSita sthAnapara khar3e ho gaye / yaha sthAna tumane pahale se hI nirApada banAyA thA / yahA~ke per3a-paudhe ukhAr3akara su~r3ase jala chIMTakara caurasa banA diyA thA / ataH dAvAgnikA prabhAva isa sthAnapara nahIM thA / yahA~ para bahuta se pazu pahalese hI ekatra the / isa samaya sabhI pArasparika vaira-virodha bhAva chor3akara apane-apane prANa bacAneke lie upasthita the ! " "tuma bhI usa nirApada sthAnapara pahu~cakara eka ora khar3e ho gaye / banake laghukAya jIva tumhAre vizAla zarIrako Azcarya ke sAtha dekha rahe the| tuma himAlayake tUhake samAna khar3e hue the| tumheM dekhakara bhI ve prANI bhayabhIta nahIM hue aura na tumhAre manameM hI ahaMkAra utpanna huA / yataH usa samaya sabhIko sthiti samAna thI !" arikara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 219

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"agnidAhake kAraNa sahasA tumhAre eka pairameM khAja paidA ho uThI aura tuma jhukakara dUsare pairako khujalAne lge| jaba khujalA cuke, to phira uThe hue pairako dharatI para rakhane lage, to dekhA ki eka kharagozakA choTA-sA baccA tumhAre pairako bhUmipara sthita hai| yadi isa samaya tuma pRthavIpara paira rakha dete, to nizcaya hI usa nirIha kharagozakA prANAnta ho jaataa|" vaha kAMpa rahA thA, bhayabhIta dRSTise idhara-udhara dekha rahA thA / use dekhakara tumhAre manameM dayA utpanna ho gayI, ataH tuma gharatIpara apanA paira na rakha sake aura tUphAna zAnta hone taka apane pairako para uThAkara tIna pairoMpara hI khar3e rhe| dAvAgnika zAnta honepara aba banake jIva-jantu apane-apane sthAnapara cale gaye, to unake sAtha hI vaha kharagozakA baccA bhI calA gyaa| aba tumane apane pairako dharatIpara rkhaa| bahuta samaya taka tIna pairoMse khar3e rahane ke kAraNa tumhAre aMga jakar3a utthe| samasta zarIrameM pIr3A ho rahI thI aura aba khar3A rahanA bhI sambhava nahIM thA |atH tuma gira par3e aura tumhArA prANAnta ho gayA / " "mRtyuke samaya tumhAre pariNAma zAnta the aura tuma Atma-cintanameM lIna the, ataH tumheM yaha manuSya-paryAya prApta huii| pazu-yonimeM kharagoza-zizuke prati kaSTa uThAkara tumane dayA pradarzita kI thI, ataeva tumheM rAjakumArakA pada prApta huA tathA tumhAre hRdaya meM ujjvala bhAvanAeM utpanna huii|" aba tuma kalyANa-mArgake nikaTa Akara kyoM pIcheko ora mur3anA cAhate ho ? pazuyonimeM tumane jo samabhAva rakhA aura kharagozake zizuke prati jo dayA dikhalAyI, usase tumheM yaha phala prApta huA / tumhArA nAma megha hai, jisa prakAra medha samAnarUpase binA kisI bhedabhAvake jalako varSA karate haiM, usI prakAra tumheM bhI sabhIko samAna samajhanA caahie| isa vizvameM na koI prANI bar3A hai aura na koI chottaa| kaica-nIca, unnata-avanasa, choTe-bar3e sabhI apane-apane karmose hI banate haiM / ataH satkarmoke prati anurAga rakhanA Avazyaka hai|" "devAnupriya ! tuma saMyamake mahattvako samaya gaye hoge / bhavarogoMsechUTaneke lie saMyama hI saMjIvanI-bUTI hai / jisa vyaktine apane jIvanameM saMyamakA avalaMbana grahaNa kara liyA hai, vaha niyamataH isa bhavabandhanase chuTakArA prApta kara letA hai|" mAna-apamAna, Apatti-vipattise bhayabhIta honA to kAyarapuruSoMkA karma hai| jo kSAtratejase sampanna haiM, ve kabhI kisI bhI sAMsArika bAtase ghabar3Ate nahIM / jIvanakA lakSya tyAga hai, bhoga nahIM / bhoga to anAdikAlase prApta hote 220 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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A rahe haiM, para unase kabhI tRpti nahIM huI / ataH tuma apanI mahattAko samajha kara zAzvata satyako prApta karanekA prayAsa karo / " meghakumArake jJAna-vakSu udghATita ho gaye / use apanI pUrvabhavAvako smRta ho gayI / jAtismaraNakai kAraNa usakA caMcala mana sthira ho gayA / vaha socane lagA - "jo mAnava sacce manase dharmAcaraNa karatA hai, apane bhItarakI vikRtiyoMpara vijaya prApta kara letA hai, apane soye hue divya bhAvako jagA letA hai, vaha svargake devatAoMke dvArA bhI vandanIya ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapakI jyoti hI jIvanako Alokita kara sakatI hai| nissandeha bhogase tyAga parAjita nahIM hotA, tyAgase hI bhoga parAjita hote haiN|" isa prakAra sthira vicAra hokara meghakumArane tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake pAdamUlameM rahakara Atma-sAdhanA kI aura karma- kAlimAko naSTa kara nirvANa-lAbha kiyA / mahAvIra ke sAnnidhyase aneka bhavya jIvoMne apane bhItara jJAna dIpa prajvalita kiyA / vAriSeNa: saurabha tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake upadezase kalyANa karanevAloMmeM vAriSeNakI bhI gaNanA hai / vAriSeNa the to rAjakumAra para zraddhA aura viveka meM ve bahuta Age the / samrAT zreNika inake pitA aura mahArAnI celanA inakI mAtA thiiN| ye atyanta guNI aura samyagdRSTi the / niHzaMka hokara vrata-upavAsameM rata rahate the / ye laukika kAryoMse dUra aura Atma-cintanameM samaya yApana karate the / I caturdazIko zyAma rAtri thii| cAroM ora ghanA andhakAra AcchAdita thA / vAriSeNa upavAsa grahaNa kara zmazAna meM sAmAyika karaneke liye isI kAlI rAtrimeM pahu~ca gaye aura ekAnta sthAnapara baiThakara Atma dhyAnameM lIna ho gaye / isI rAtrimeM nagara meM aiso ghaTanA ghaTita huI, jisase vAriSeNakI jIvanadhArA hI parivartita ho gyii| bAta yaha huI ki nagara meM vidyuta nAmakA cora rahatA thA / vidyutakI eka premikA thI -- vAravadhU / vidyuta use hRdayase prema karatA thA | vaha jo kucha kahatI, vidyuta prANa dekara bhI use pUrNa karanekA prayatna karatA thA / J saMyogako bAta, usa dina rAtameM jaba vAravacUke ghara gayA, to vaha hAvabhAva prakaTa karatI huI kahane lago - "yadi tuma mujhase saccA pyAra karate ho, to Aja hI mahArAnI celanAkA ratnajaTita svarNahAra curAkara mere liye lA do| usa hArake vinA merA galA sUnA hai / " mahArAnIkA svarNahAra ! vidyutake zarIra se pasInA nikalane lagA / svarNahArako curAkara lAnA asambhava hai / rAjabhavana meM dina-rAta saMtariyoM aura sipA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 221

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hiyoMkA paharA rahatA hai| saMtariyoM aura sipAhiyoMko A~kha bacAkara vaha rAjabhavana meM kaise praveza kara sakegA ? yadi kahIM vaha pakar3A gayA, to avazya hI use prANa- daNDa prApta hogA / I vidyutake prANa kA~pa uThe / usane vAravadhUko bahuta samajhAyA ki vaha usake liye acche se acchA hIraka jaTila svarNahAra lA degaa| mahArAnIke svarNahArakA chor3a de para vAravadhU usakI bAtako svIkAra hI nahIM krtii| usane spaSTa kaha diyA ki yadi vaha mahArAnIkA svarNahAra lAkara na degA, to vaha usase apanA saMbandha tor3a legI / vidyuta hara mUlyapara bAravadhUko prasanna rakhanA cAhatA thA ! vaha usake liye saMbhava asaMbhava saba kucha karane ko taiyAra thA / Akhira vaha prANa hathelIpara rakhakara rAjabhavanakI ora cala pdd'aa| rAtrikA samaya thaa| cAroM ora sannATA chAyA huA thA / vidyuta bar3e sAhasa aura kauzala ke sAtha rAjabhavana meM praviSTa huA / vaha dhIre-dhIre mahArAnIke kamaremeM ghusA aura svarNahAra lekara rAjabhavana se bAhara nikala gayA / rAjapathapara use jAte hue nagara kotavAlane dekha liyA / hArakI camaka-damakane vidyutako Alokita kara rakhA thA / ataH nagara kotavAlanaM use upaTate hue kahA - "khar3A raha, kahA~ jA rahA hai, tere hAthameM kyA hai ?" vidyutane socA ki kotavAlane mahArAnIkA svarNahAra dekha liyA hai| ataH vaha bhAga khar3A huA | kotavAlane sipAhiyoM sahita corakA pIchA kiyA / vidyuta bhAgatA - bhAgatA zmazAna meM pahu~cA aura dhyAna meM lIna cAriSeNake pAsa svarNahAra pheMkakara calatA banA | nagara kotavAla bhI kucha kSaNoMke pazcAt vAriSeNake pAsa jA pahu~cA / vAriSeNa dhyAnameM magna the aura svarNahAra unake pAsa par3A huA thA | kotavAlane svarNahAra uThA liyA aura sAthameM vAriSeNako bhI bandI banA liyA / kotavAla socane lagA- " avazya hI isane svarNahAra curAyA hai aura apanI corIko chipAne liye tapasyAkA DhoMga race hue hai| cora aneka prakArake abhinaya karate haiM / yaha bhI isI koTikA cora hai / " nagara- kotavAlane svarNaM hAra ke sAtha vAriSeNako nyAyAlaya meM upasthita kiyA / zreNika bimbasAra svayaM nyAyake Asanapara virAjamAna the| mahArAnI celanAke svarNahArake corake rUpameM apane putra vAriSeNako dekhakara ve vicAramagna ho uThe / kyA yaha saMbhava ho sakatA hai ki vAriSeNa jaisA nirlipta rAjakumAra apanI mAtAke hI svarNahArakI corI karegA ? kumAra vAriSeNakI yaha pravRtti to rahI nahIM, para jitanI gavAhiyA~ vahA~ prastuta kI gayIM, ve saba vAriSeNake viruddha meM thIM | sabhI pramANoM aura sAkSiyoMse yahI siddha hotA thA ki vAriSeNane ho svarNa222 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya- paramparA

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hAra curAyA hai / phalataH zreNika bimbasAra ne vivaza hokara vAriSeNako aparAdhI ghoSita kiyA aura use mRtyu daNDako bAzA dI / cANDAla vAriSeNa ko lekara zmazAna bhUmi meM pahuMce aura ise baghasthalapara bar3A karake usapara zastrahAra karanA cAhA para yaha kyA cANDaloMke zastra ho nahIM uTha rahe the| unhoMne aneka prayatna kiye, para ve sabhI viphala rahe / sahasA vAriSeNapara akAzase puSpavarSA hone lgii| cAroM ora yaha vRttAnta bijalI kI zaktike samAna vyApta ho gayA / janatAke jhuNDa ke jhuNDa vAriSeNake darzanArthaM umar3a par3e / zreNika bimbasAra bhI rAnI celanA sahita vahA~ upasthita hue aura kahane lage - " vatsa ! maiM pahale ho yaha jAnatA thA ki tuma niraparAdha ho, para maiM kyA karatA ? maiM nyAyake Asanapara thA aura thA apane kartavyase vivaza | bhUla jAo pichalI bAtoMko / aba calo, ghara lauTa clo| yaha tumhAre satyakI vijaya hai / " vAriSeNa loTakara ghara na gyaa| usane uttara diyA- "ghara kauna-sA ghara ? merA koI ghara nahIM / na meM kisIkA putra haiM aura na merA koI pitA hai / ye laukika sambandha hai / yaha samasta jagata prapaMca hai / saba kucha nazvara hai / maiM saba kucha tyAgakara tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI zaraNa meM jAU~gA aura munijIvana vyatIta karUMgA / " vAriSeNake ukta vicAroMko sunakara zreNika vimbasAra atyanta prasanna hue / mahArAnI celanA aura bimbasAra donoMne hI putrako dIkSA grahaNa karanekI anumati de dI / vAriSeNa tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM AyA aura indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara ko apane muni banane kI icchA prakaTa kI / vAriSeNakA dharma-saurabha mahAvIrake pAdapadmoM meM vikasita huA / jisa prakAra pAvasa- kAlameM megha-paTala jalakI varSA karate haiM, usIprakAra tIrthakara mahAvIrakI bANokI amRta varSA bhI hotI thI aura trasta bhavya jIva isa vANIkA pAnakara AnandAnubhava prApta karate the | dharmadezanAke zravaNa se pariNAmoM ke parivartana meM vilamba nahIM hotA thA / jo bhI torthaMkara vANIkA zravaNa karate ve vrata-upavAsa grahaNakara Atma-kalyANa meM pravRtta ho jAte / vAriSeNa bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samparkase Atma-sAdhaka bana gaye / purAnI smRtiyA~: nayo vyAkhyAe eka dina vAriSeNa caryAke hetu polAsapurakI ora jA rahe the ki unheM rAjamaMtrI kA putra somadatta, jo unakA bAlasakhA thA, milA / mUni vAriSeNako yaMkara mahAvIra aura unako devanA: 223

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dekhakara usakA sakhAbhAga jAgRta ho utthaa| usane bar3e bhakti bhAvapUrvaka unheM AhAra diyA | vAriSeNane bhI mitrakA saccA hita saadhaa| unake upadevAse vaha sAdhu ho gayA / somadatta bhuni to bana gayA aura digambara- dIkSA bhI usane grahaNa kara lI, para usakA mana mamatA meM pha~sA rhaa| vaha bolA - "mitra ! smaraNa hai yaha latA-kuMja, jahA~ hama aura Apa milakara keli karate the| madhura saMgIta AlApa kara Ananda-vibhora ho jAte the| kyA mahAvIrake saMghameM keli-krIr3Ajanya mAnanda hai ?" vAriSeNa muskurAkara kahane lage- "somadatta ! yaha to tuma abhI kalakI bAta kaha rahe ho / para yAda karo, na jAne kitane ananta janmoMme zrotra - indriyako priya laganevAlI saMgIta- laharI hamane tumane sunI hogii| kyA usase tRpti huI ? nahIM, usako sunanese hI kevala tRSNA bar3hI hai| AzA aura tRSNA ho to saMsAraparibhramaNakA kAraNa hai / inhIMse mana duSita hotA hai aura dUSita vastumeM Ananda kahA~ ?" "mahAvIrakA saMgha kalyANa dhAma hai, zAnti-nikezana hai aura hai janma-maraNakI paramparAse chur3AnekA sAdhana / ve donoM muni tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM lauTa aaye| somadattakA mana pavitra ho gyaa| usake vikAra kSINa hone lage, moha galane lagA aura Atma-zAntikI pratIti hone lgii| vaha socane lagAvAriSeNakA kathana yathArthaM thA / vIraprabhukI nikaTatA saMsAra-tApako dUra karanebAlI hai|" -- "donoM muniyoMne bar3e bhakti-bhAvase tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI vandanA, stuti kI aura saMgha ke samasta sAdhuoMko 'namostu' kiyA ! vAriSeNa apane yogya Asanapara AsIna hue aura somadatta bhI unake pAsa hI baiTha gyaa| eka variSTha sAdhune somadattako sambodhita karate hue kahA- "tuma bar3e puSpAtmA aura vizuddha hRdaya ho, jo tumheM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa prApta huaa| mahatI tapasyA karane kI tumhArI icchA pUrNa ho !" "pAzva meM sthita eka anya sAdhuko yaha kathana asA pratIta huA / ataH vaha kruddha hokara kahane lagA- "yaha mUr3ha kyA tapasyA karegA ? ise AgamakA sAmAnya jJAna bhI nahIM hai / yaha to apanI kAlI-kalUTI strIkI yAdameM dubalA hotA jA rahA hai| viSaya-vAsanAoM ke vikArakA tyAga kiye binA koI sAdhu nahIM ho sakatA hai| jisa prakAra keMculakA tyAgakara denepara bhI viSa-vikArake astitva ke kAraNa sarpa zAnta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra bahiraMga parigrahakA tyAga kara denepara bhI antaraMga vikAroMke sadbhAvake kAraNa koI 224 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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muni nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai|" isI bIca kahIMse kinnara-kinnarIkI gIta-dhvani sunAyI par3I, jisase somadattakA mana caMcala ho uThA aura use raha-rahakara apanI patnIkI yAda satAne lgii| rAga aura mohane usake vivekako andhA banA diyA / ghara jAneke liye usanAnapatrala ilA vAriSeNane jaba somadattako vihvala dekhA, to usane use rokA nahIM / balki kahA-"somadatta ! ghara jAnA cAhate ho, to calo, para pahale hamAre ghara hokara, tumheM apane ghara jAnA hogaa| somadattane cAriSeNakI bAta svIkAra kara lii| rAjaprAsAdameM donoM muni pahu~ce / mahArAnI celanA muniyoMko AyA huA jAnakara Azcarya cakita huii| yataH digambara muni AhAra-belAke atirikta kisI bhI guhasthake ghara nahIM jAte / parIkSAke liye celanAne do Asana bichAye-eka prAsuka aura dUsarA ratna-jaTita / vAriSeNa prAsuka Asanapara sthita ho gaye, para somadattake pAsa yaha viveka nahIM thaa| ataH vaha ratnajaTita Asanapara sthita ho gayA / anantara vAriSeNane kahA-"mau! hamArI patniyoMko zrRMgAra karake yahAM bulaaiye|" celanAne hA~ to kiyA, parantu usakA hRdaya sazaMka ho ghar3akane lagA-kyA usakA putra munidharmase patita ho rahA hai ? celanAne dharma meM dRr3ha karaneke hetu vAriSeNako dharma-kathA sunaayii| vaha kahane lagI-"subhadrA gvAlinakA putra subhadra thA / vaha gAya carAkara apanI AjIvikA sampanna karatA thaa| eka dina usake sAthI gvAloMne use khIra khilAyI / subhadrako yaha khIra bahuta acchI lagI / usane ghara Akara apanI mAMse Agraha kiyA ki meM khIra avazya khaauuNgaa| garIba mAne putrake durAgrahako pUrA karaneke liye idhara-udharase sAmAna ekatra kiyA aura khIra bnaayii| rasanAlolapI subhadrane khUba khIra khAyI aura itanI adhika khAyI, jisase use vamana hone lgaa| vaha khIra khAtA jAtA aura vamana karatA jAtA thaa| aba khIra samApta ho gayI aura maki pAsa khilAneke liye avaziSTa na rahI, to vamana kI gayI khIrako hI usake sAmane rakha diyA / rasanA-lampaTIne use bhI khA liyA / munivara ! kyA subhadrane yaha ThIka kiyA ?" vAriSeNa celanAke abhiprAyako samajha gyaa| usakI dhArmikatA aura vinayabhAvanAse prasanna hokara vAriSeNa kahane lagA--"ujjayinImeM vasupAla rAjA rahatA thA aura vasumatI nAmako usakI rAnI thI / donoMmeM pragAr3ha prema thaa| eka dina rAnIko sarpane DaMsa liyaa| maMtravAdI bulAye gye| eka maMtravAdIne usa sarpako bulA liyA, jisane rAnIko DaMsA thaa| parantu vaha sarpa itanA krodhI thA ki usane rAnIko nirviSa nahIM kiyA / usane svayaM agnimeM jala maranA ucita tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 225

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smjhaa| aba vicAra kIjiye ki usa sapaMkA haTha kahA~ taka ucita thA? abhaMpAlanake liye dRr3hatA dikhalAnA so ucita hai, para vikAroMkI vRddhi ke liye haTha karanA kahA~ taka ucita hai ?" mahArAnI calanA aura yAriSeNakA kathA-prasaMga cala rahA thA; isI samaya antaHpurase zRMgAra kiye hue vAriSeNakI sabhI pattiyAM A gyiiN| ve anupama sundarI thiiN| pati-Agamanako prasannatAne unake saundaryako kaI guNA vikasita kara diyA thaa| ve AyIM aura namaskAra kara baiTha gayIM / vAriSeNane somadattase kahA--"mitra dekhate ho, ye ramaNiyoM kaisI sundara haiM ? ye tamhArI patnIse adhika sundara haiM yA nahIM? yadi praNaya vAsanA jAgRta ho gayI hai, to inhIMke sAtha ramaNakara tuma apane kaSAyabhAvako zAnta kro| ghara jAphara kyA karoge ? itanI saundarya-rAzi tumheM ghara meM nahIM mila sakatI hai|" vAriSeNakA tIra kAma kara gyaa| somadattake pairoM tarU se sIkhisaka jI / vaha lenA aura pazcAtApase galane lagA / vAriSeNake tyAgane usake viveka-netroMko khola diyaa| yaha bolA-"Apa dhanya haiN| ApakA dhairya aura tyAga zreSTha hai| Apa satyavIra hai, zIlasampanna haiM aura haiM indriyajayI / Apa jaise mitrane Aja mere hRdayake kapATa khola diye haiN| merI mamatA-mUrchA gala gayI aura merA mithyAtva naSTa ho gyaa| aba mujhe samyakatvakI prApti ho gayI hai| merA caMcala mana sthira ho gayA hai / aba Apa zIghra hI yahA~se caliye / eka kSaNa bhI yahA~ ThaharanA kaThina hai|" donoM muni tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM Aye aura vahAM unhoMne vAriSeNake sthitikaraNakI kathA sunii| navadIkSita muni somadatta apanA viveka kho baiThe, yaha koI nayI bAta nhiiN| indriyoMke viSaya indrAyanaphala jaise sundara aura mohaka hote haiM / parantu unakA paripAka kaTu hotA hai| muDhaddhi tattvako nahIM pahacAna pAtA hai aura viSayoM meM Asakta ho jAtA hai / vAriSeNane dharmakA Adarza rUpa upasthita kiyA hai| unhoMne girateko giranese rokA hai aura gire haeko uThAyA hai / yahI sampadRSTikA lakSaNa hai| sthitikaraNa aura upabRMhaNa samya. katvake aMga haiM / samyakadRSTi pApase ghRNA karatA hai, pApIse nahIM / usake hRdayameM sAdharmIke prati apAra vAtsalya rahatA hai| loka-kalyANako bhAvanA bhI usImeM raha sakatI hai, jisakA hRdaya udAra aura vizAla hai| somadattane gurudevase prAyazcitta grahaNa kiyA aura munidharmake pAlana karane meM vaha dRr3ha ho gyaa| tIrthakara mahAbIrake samavazaraNane aneka rAjA-mahArAjA aura sambhrAnta 226 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vyaktiyoMko prabhAvita kiyA / jo bhI unake samavazaraNa meM sammilita hotA, vahI unase prabhAvita ho jaataa| unakA yaha samavazaraNa vihAra aura magadhake vibhinna pradezoM meM paribhramaNa karatA rhaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI divyadhvanine loka- hRdayako eka apUrva divyatA pradAna kI aura jana-janake jJAnacakSu khola diye / ajJAnake bAdala phaTa gaye aura jJAnakA sUryodaya ho gayA / rur3hiyA~, durAgraha evaM haThavAditA samApta hone lagI / inake samavazaraNa ke prabhAvase saMgharSa samApta hue aura zAntikI jaladhArA pravAhita huiiN| abhayakumAra abhayakumAra apane buddhikauzala ke kAraNa apUrva khyAti prApta kara cuke the / unakA pratyutpannamatitva anupama thaa| bar3I se bar3I samasyAoM kA samAdhAna cuTakiyoM meM kara diyA karate the / ye zAntaprakRtike to the hI, para ekAntapriya bhI the| ye nirantara cintanameM hI lage rahate the aura gUDha tattva carcAyeM bhI kiyA karate the| tattva-sambandhI bar3I se bar3I zaMkAe~ tattvajijJAsu unase karate aura bAtoM hI bAtoM meM unakA samAdhAna kara dete the / medhAvI abhayakumAra saMsArakI svArthaparatAoM aura chala chidroMse Uba gaye the tathA zAntikA mArga prApta karaneke lie saceSTa the / rohA corake hRdaya parivartanako ghaTanAkA prabhAva unake hRdayapara bahuta gaharA par3A thA aura ye satyopalabdhike lie saceSTa the / P tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa vipulAcala se idhara-udhara grAma aura nagaroMmeM huA karatA thA / yaha eka prakArase calatA-phiratA vizvavidyAlaya thA aura jahA~ bhI hotA janakalyANakA amRtavarSaNa karatA / samavazaraNa ke prabhAvase cAroM ora bahuta dUra taka karuNA aura maitrIkI dundubhi bajane lagI / lokamAnasa unake abhinandanake lie palaka pAMvar3e bichAne lagA / bhAratakI antarAtmA nirmala ho gayo / itihAsakA kAluSya ghula gayA aura ujjvalatAkI lekhanI dvArA ahiMsA evaM satyake pRSThoMpara bhAratakA nayA itihAsa likhA jAne lagA / mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa punaH tIsarI bAra rAjagRhameM anumAnataH I0 pU0 530 - 32 meM huA tathA unake upadezAmRtakI carcA sarvatra vyApta ho gayI / janasAdhAraNa ke sAtha seTha sAhUkAra aura sAmanta bhI samavazaraNa sabhA meM sammi lita hone lage / 1 abhayakumAra bhI samavazaraNa meM divyadhvani sunane ke lie upasthita huA / ve virakta to pahale se hI the, para tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake vItarAga pravacanako sunakara unakA vairAgya kaI gunA bar3ha gyaa| ve socane lage - "manuSya jIvanakI upayogitA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 227

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isI bAta hai ki ise prApta kara jase chuTakArA prApta bimA dASa: mAnava-jIvana durlabha haiM, anupama hai aura hai yaha mUlyavAna paryAya / tIrthaMkarake pAdamUlako prAptakara bhI yadi isa jIvana meM sAdhanA nahIM kI gaI, to phira zAyada hI kabhI avasara prApta hogaa| jo vyakti vAsanAsavata hai, vaha apane svarUpako nahIM samajha sakatA hai| use Atmabodha aura Atmaviveka prApta honA kaThina hai| ataeva mujhe krodha, mAna, mAyA, Adi vikAroMko jItane ke lie saceSTa honA cAhie / " abhayakumAra saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoMse virakta ho digambara-dIkSA grahaNa karaneke lie prabhuke caraNoM meM prArthanA kii| mahAvIrane abhayake pUrvajanmoMkA vRttAnta prakaTakara usake hRdayakI gA~Tha khola dii| unhoMne batalAyA:--"abhaya pUrva janma meM eka brAhmaNa-putra thA, vedAdhyayanakI ora usakI vizeSa ruci thI; para vidvAn honaeNpara bhI vaha mUr3hatAo meM Abaddha thA / usakI mithyAbhiruci use pathabhraSTa kara rahI thI / " pAMca mUr3hatAe~ pramukha pI : (1) pAkhaNDa mUr3hatA / (2) devamUr3hatA - sabhI prakArake devoMmeM andhavizvAsa / (3) tIrtha mUr3hatA -- tIrthoM meM andhabhakti / (4) jAti bandhana | (5) kriyAkANDa evaM hiMsakadharma meM vizvAsa / " "ina mUr3hatAoM meM jakar3e hue isa brAhmaNa putrakA eka zrAvaka se sAkSAtkAra huA / zrAvakane use satyajJAnakA upadeza diyA / batalAyA ki manuSya apane satkarmase hI unnata hotA hai / ataH satkarma hI pUjA hai, satkarma hI tIrtha aura satkarma hI mahAna hai / satkarma vahI hai, jo jagat ke samasta prANiyoMko sukha aura zAnti pradAna kara sake / jAtivAda atAttvika hai / saMsArake sabhI manuSya samAna haiM, na koI choTA aura na koI bar3A hai| manuSyakI zreSThatA AcAramUlaka hai / jisa vyaktikA ahiMsAmUlaka AcAra rahatA hai, vahI vyakti apanA aura saMsArakA hita sAdhana karatA hai / " "zrAvakake ukta upadezase brAhmaNa-putra prabhAvita huA aura vaha ahiMsAke AcaraNa meM saMlagna ho gayA / mRtyuke pazcAt satkAryoMke pariNAmasvarUpa usane rAjAke yahA~ janma grahaNa kiyA aura rAjakumAra pada prApta kiyA / yaha rAjakumAra hI abhayake rUpameM upasthita hai / " abhayakumAra apane pUrvajanmake vRtAntako sunakara adhika prabhAvita huA / 228 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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usake manameM utpanna huI virakti aura sabala ho gayI / vaha samyagdarzana, samyarajJAna aura samyakacAritrakI prAptike liye lAlAyita ho gayA / usakA mana AtmaniSThAse bhara gayA tathA jAma dhi nirmala aura ujvala ho gayI ! ataH usane prArthanA kI--"prabho ! mujhe dIkSA dekara Atma-sAdhanAkA avasara diijiye|" indrabhUti gautama gaNadharane abhayakumArako sambodhita karate hue kahA"tumhArI tabhI digambara-dIkSA ho sakatI hai, jaba tuma apane mAtA-pitAkI anumati prApta kara lo| yataH tuma rAjyake eka uttaradAyI padapara pratiThita ho|" abhayakumAra gautama gaNadharake adezAnusAra apane pitAse anumati prApta karane ke lie rAjasabhAmeM upasthita huA ! usane siMhAsanAsIna zreNikako bar3I zraddhAse praNAma kiyA / apanI icchA pitAke sammukha vyakta karaneke pUrva bhUmikAke rUpameM tattvoMkA vivecana kiyaa| usake sAragarbhita vivecanako sunakara zreNika aura rAjasabhAke aneka vidvAna Azcarya cakita ho gaye / ____ abhayakumArane apanI bhUmikA samApta karaneke anantara apanA mantavya bhI pitAke samakSa prastuta kiyaa| usane vinIta zabdoMmeM nivedana kiyA-"pUjyavara tApta ! saMsArake ye viSaya-sukha mujhe nIrasa pratIta ho rahe haiM / rAjanItika dA~vapeMcAaura SaDyantra majhe aba nAgaphanI jaise pratIta ho rahe haiN| merI antarAtmA jJAnajyotise Alokita ho gayI hai| ataeva aba meM digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kara mahAvIrake saMghameM sammilita ho AtmakalyANa karanA cAhatA huuN|" ___ abhayakumArake ukta vicAroMko sunakara samrATa zreNika stabdha ho gaye / ve nahIM cAhate the ki abhayakumAra ghara-dvAra, rAjya, dhana, daulata Adi chor3akara munipada grahaNa kre| vaha abhayakumArako samajhAte hue kahane lage-"vatsa ! magadhakA yaha vizAla rAjya tumhAre buddhikozalase hI cala rahA hai / tumhAre kAraNa rAjyako sImAkA-vistAra huA hai aura kaI rAjAoMne adhInatA prApta kI hai abhI tumhArI vaya hI kyA hai ? dIkSAke liye avasara Ane dIjiye, taba dIkSAgrahaNa karane meM kisI prakArakI kaThinAI nahIM hai| abhI merA mana tumheM anumati deneke liye taiyAra nahIM haiN|" abhayakumAra-"tAta ! aba satkarmameM mujhe rasa A gayA hai, Anandako upalabdhi ho gayI hai aura saMsArake viSaya-sukha nIrasa pratIta ho rahe haiN| ataeva dIkSA grahaNa karaneke liye avazya anumati diijiye|" zreNikane jaba abhayakumAraphA vRr3ha nizcaya jJAsta kara liyA, to unheM anu tIrthakara mahAgIra aura unakI dezanA : 229

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mati denI pdd'ii| abhayakumArane apanI mAtAse bhI anumati prApta kara lI / ataH vaha gauttama gaNadhara ke nirdezAnusAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM pahu~cA aura bahA~ digambara- dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / zreNika bhI putra ke dIkSita honese prasanna huA aura usane rAjagRhameM utsava sampanna kiyA / abhayakumArane digambara-dIkSA dhAraNa kara ugra tapa kiyA / usane vikAra aura vAsanAoMkA nirodhakara karmoMkI nirjarA kI / sAkSAt tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA upadeza zravaNakara abhayakumArane apane karmokI anantaguNI nirjarA Arambha kii| unhoMne cAra ghAtiyAkamako nanukara vI. rAga ho / arhantapada prApta kiyA / samavazaraNa meM jIva aura karma ke sambandhameM jJAta kara apaneko zuddha buddha aura jJAnasvarUpa banAyA dhyAnake prabhAva se anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya kI upalabdhi kI / jo AtmA bandhakA karttA hai, vahI AtmA bandhanase mukti prApta karanevAlA hai / para isa muktikI prApti tabhI hotI hai, jaba apane bhItara ke paramAtmAse sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai / isa paramAtmA padake prApta hote ho AtmA sukha-duHkha, puNya-pApa Adise mukta ho jAtI hai / AryikA saMghako pramukha AcAryA : candanA 1 mahAvorake saMgha meM muni aura zrAvakoMke sAtha bArikA aura zrAvimayoMke bhI saMva the / vIrasaMghako vyavasthA mahilAoM ke sahayoga ke binA sambhava nahIM thI / mahAvIrake saMgha meM chattIsa hajAra AryikAe~ aura tIna lAkha zrAvikAe~ thiiN| mahArAja ceTakakI putrI candanA kozAmbI meM vrAtya jIvana vyatIta kara rahI thI aura vaha vIra tIrthapravattaM nakkI AzA lagAye huI thI / jaba mahAvIrakA dharma pravartana Arambha huA, to candanA samavavaraNa bhUmimeM pahu~cI aura anurodha karane lagI- "strIparyAyI mAyA prasiddha hai / isa mAyAkA vinAza AryikA banakara sAdhanAdvArA nArI bhI kara sakatI hai / puruSa-paryAya ho yA nArI-paryAya, sabhI bandhana haiN| sonekA bandhana lohe ke bandhana se acchA nahIM ho sakatA hai| donoM hI prakArake bandhana vyaktikI svatantratAmeM bAdhaka hai / jo bhavya haiM, apanA aura parakA hita cAhate haiM, ve kisI se dva eSa nahIM rakhate, kisIko burA nahIM kahate / vyaktike zubha aura azubha-saMskAra hI draSTavya haiN| acche saMskAra upAdeya hote haiM aura bure saMskAra heya / jo vyakti apane saMskAroMkA nirmANa karatA hai, vahI sAdhanAkA adhikArI banatA hai 1" candanA ke anurodhakA samarthana indrabhUti gautamane bhI kiyA aura kahA" saMghakA saMcAlana pramukha viduSI AryikA ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH candanA ke virakta bhAvoMkA samAdara honA Avazyaka hai / " candanAko AryikA dIkSA grahaNa karanekI anumati prApta ho gayI / usane 230 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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dvAdaza anuprekSAoMkA cintana kiyA aura paJcamuSTi loMcakara zveta zATikA dhAraNa kii| candanAkI dIkSA hote hI harSa-dhvani huI aura devoMne bhI isakA anumodana kiyaa| candanA tIrthakara mahAvIrake AryikA-saMghakI gaNinI bana gayI / ghelanA : bhakti aura tyAga vIrasaMghakI sAdhvI-ramaNiyoM meM delanAkI bhI gaNanA kI gayI hai| inakA dharmAcaraNa dainika jIvana meM anusyata thaa| celanAne ho samrATa zreNika bimbasArako mahAvIrakA anuyAyI banAyA thA / inakA bhavana mani aura tyAgiyoMkI caraNa-rajase pavitra hotA rahatA thaa| yaha cAroM prakAra kA dAna detI, devArcana karatI aura svAdhyAyadvArA apane antaraMgako pAvana banAtI dharmamArgase cyata honevAle vyaciyoMke sthitikaraNama salagna rahato / eka samayakI ghaTanA hai ki nelanA dvArApekSaNa kara rahI thii| saubhAgyavaza eka kRzakAya dvimAsophvAsI tapasvI vizAkha caryAka lie padhAre / rAnIne bhaktipUrvaka munirAjako par3agAhA aura AhAra-dAna dene kI taiyArI karane lagI / isI samaya usane dekhA ki koI adRzya zakti munirAjapara upasarga kara rahI haiunakA indriya-varddhana hotA jA rahA hai| yadi mumirAja apane isa indriya baddhanakA dekhate to antarAya mAnakara binA AhAra lie lauTa jAte / ata: celanAne munirAjakA nirantarAya AhAra sampanna karAneke hetu aisA upAya kiyA, jisase munirAjako ukta upasargakA anubhava hI nahIM huA / munirAja AhAra-grahaNakara vipulAcalaparvatapara gaye aura dhyAnastha ho gaye / unhoMne zukladhyAna Arambha kiyA, jisase dhatiyAkarma naSTa hone lge| guNasthAnArohaNake kramase unhoMne sayogakevalI guNasthAnameM pahu~cakara anantacatuSTayako prApti kI aura kevala jJAna upalabdha kiyA / sUra, asura, nara, nArI, sabhI kevalIko vandanAke lie Ane lage / belanA bhI vahA~ upasthita huI aura usane kevalIse usa parokSa upasargakA kAraNa puuchaa| kevalI-"muni honeke pahale maiM pATaliputrakA rAjakumAra thA merA nAma vizAkha thA / merI patnI kanakadhI atyanta rUpa-lAvaNyayukta thii| merA vivAha hue abhI eka mahInA bhI nahIM huA thA ki maine apane bAlasakhA munirAja munidattako dekhaa| ve apanI caryAke lie bhramaNa kara rahe the| maiMne bhaktibhAvapUrvaka munidattako AhAra diyaa| munirAjane mujhe saMsArakA svarUpa batalAyAtathA AtmotthAnake lie preraNA dii| mahArAjake upadezase mujhe bar3I zAnti tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 231

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milI tathA mere manameM saMsArake prati aruci utpanna ho gayI / phalataH sarvArambhaparigrahakA tyAgakara meM bhI muni bana gayA / " / ____ kanakanIko merA muni bananA acchA na lagA / ataH vaha krodhAvezameM mujhe gAliyA~ dene lagI tathA usakI sthiti unmatta jaisI ho gayI aura kucha hI dinoM meM usakA zarIra chUTa gayA / kanakadhI kubhAvanAke prabhAvase vyantarI huii| usane vibhaMgAvadhise mere sambandhameM jAnakArI prApta kI aura pratizodhake rUpameM usane merI tapasthAmeM vighna karanA Arambha kiyaa| maiM jaba-caryAke lie nikalatA vaha merI indriya-vRddhi kara detI, jisase antarAyake kAraNa maiM vinA AhAra lie hI lauTa jaataa| isa prakAra antarAya honese maiMne dvimAsopavAsa grahaNa kiyA / jaba meM caryAke lie rAjagRhameM AyA, to kanakanIke jIva usa vyantarone punaH antarAya upasthita karanekA prayAsa kiyA, kintu tumane usa upasargako jAnakArI mujhe nahIM hone dii| maiM tumhAre dvArA zuddharUpase diye gaye AhArako grahaNa kara yahA~ AyA aura mujhe utkRSTa dhyAnakI prApti huI, jisake phalasvarUpa kevalajJAna milaa|" huyA Asmokya ___celanAne upagRhana aMgakA pAlanakara apane samyaktvako dRr3ha kiyA | ceTakakI putrI jyeSThA AryikA banakara dharmasAdhanA kara rahI thI aura inake pati sAtyaki bhI munipada grahaNa kara Atma-sAdhanA kara rahe the | cAritramohodayase ye donoM tapase bhraSTa hae / celanAne inakA sthitikaraNa kara inheM punaH dharmArAdhanameM pravRtta kiyA aura tIrthakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM inheM praviSTa kraayaa| prAyazcitta kara ye donoM AryikA aura muni vrata pAlana karane meM dRr3ha hue| celanA AryikA candanAkI vandanAke lie gyo| candanAke dharmopadezakA usapara jAdU jesA prabhAva par3A / phalataH usake pariNAma bho viraktase AplAvita ho gaye / zreNikake abhAvake kAraNa usakAmana bhI sAMsArika kAryo meM nahIM laga rahA thA / use saMsArakI asAratAkI anubhUti ho gyii| phalataH celanAne bhI candanAse AryikA-dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| __ celanA tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake saMghameM rahakara Atma-sAdhanA karane lgii| vaha strI-paryAyakA chedakara puruSa-paryAya dvArA kaivalya prAptike lie soSTa thii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake darzana-vandanase celanA aura jyeSThAkA kalyANa huaa| anya aneka rAjAoMdvArA mahAvIrakI bhakticandanA tIrthakara mahAborakI vandanA aneka rAjA-mahArAjAoMne kI aura unake 232 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakA prAcArya paramparA

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darzana-arcanase apaneko dhanya banAyA / vaizAlInareza ceTaka, magadhanareza kuNika ajAtazatru, hastizorSanareza adInazatru, saugandhikA-nareza apratihata, vArANasInareza jitazatru, sindhusocIra-nareza udrAmaNa, zrAvastI-nareza jitazatru, campAnareza dadhivAhana, ujjayinI-nareza caNDapradyota evaM kauzAmbI-nareza zatAnIka prasiddha haiM / ina sabhI narezoMne tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM pahuMcakara zAntilAbha kiyA thaa| dezanAmeM Atmazuddhike hetu karmose saMgharSa karanekA saMketa vidyamAna thA / jIvana jitanA kaThora evaM saMyamI hotA hai, vyakti uttanA hI UMcA uTha jAtA hai| jo viSaya-vAsanAmi par3A rahatA hai, tapasyAka lie prayAsa nahIM karatA, vaha jIvanameM kabhI bhI Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA hai| nadI, sarovara aura gaDDhoMmeM par3A bhUtalakA jala saMgharSa karatA hai-sUrya-kiraNoMse saMtapta hotA hai, so vaha razmiyoMke sahAre Upara uTha jAtA hai, sArI gandagI aura mela noce raha jAte haiN| rAjA ho yA raMka, brAhmaNa ho yA zUdra, vidvAn ho yA mUrkha jo zrama karatA hai, tapazcaraNa karatA hai, vaha mahAn bana jAtA hai| ___ mahAvIrake upadezane kitane hI vyaktiyoMke hRdaya parivartita kara diye| unake upadezase prabhAvita hokara kisIne aNuvrata grahaNa kiye aura kisIne mahAnata / samAja-vyavasthA aura rASTra-vyavasthAko mahattvapUrNa bAtoMkI jAnakArI bhI prApta huii| divyadhvani yA dezanAko bhASA tIrthakarakI divyadhvani annakSarAtmaka hotI hai yA akSarAtmaka, isa sambandhameM Agama-granthoM meM vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| kasAyapAhuDa aura tiloyapaNNattImeM divyadhvaniko sAla, danta, oSTha tathA kaNThake halana-calanarUpa vyApArase rahita hokara eka hI samayameM bhavyajanoMko Ananda denevAlI batAyA hai / harivaMza-purANase bhI ukta tathya puSTa hotA hai / isa granthameM likhA hai ki oThoMko vinA hilAye hI nikalI huI tIrthakara-vANIne tiyaMJca, manuSya aura 1. aTThArasa mahAbhAsA khurulayabhAsA vi sattasayasaMkhA ! aksaramaNakkharapmaya saNNojIvANa sayalabhAsAo / / evAsiM bhAsANaM vAluvaItoTTakaMThavAvAraM / pariShariya ekkakAlaM bhavajaNANedakarabhAsoM / / -tiloyapagNasI 1261.62. dvIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 233

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devoMkA dRSTimoha naSTa kara diyA / " tattvArthavAttika meM mukhase divyadhvanikI utpatti batalAyI gayI hai / batAyA hai ki sakalajJAnAvaraNake kSayase utpanna atIndriya kevalajJAna se yukta kevalI jihvAindriyake AzrayamAtra se vaktRtvarUpameM pariNata hokara sakalazrutaviSayaka arthoMkA upadeza karatA hai / " harivaMzapurANa meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki divyadhvani cAroM dizAoM meM dikhanevAle cAroM mukhoM se nikalatI hai / mahApurANake AdhArapara kahA jA sakatA hai ki vA mukharUpa kamalase bAdaloMkI garjanAkA anukaraNa karanevAlI atizayayukta mahAdivyadhvani nikala rahI thI aura vaha bhavyajIvoMke manameM sthita moharUpI andhakArako naSTa karatI huI sUryake samAna suzobhita ho rahI thii| isa divyadhvanimeM sabhI akSara spaSTa the aura aisI pratIti ho rahI thI, mAno guphAke agrabhAgale pratidhvani hI nikala 1. ( ka ) jinabhASA'dharaspandamantareNa vijRmbhitA / tiryagdevamanuSyANAM daSTimohamanInazat // - harivaMzapurANa 2 / 113. (kha) lokye jinazAsanorUpadavIzuzrUSayAvasthite, sampRSTaH prathamena tatra gaNinA vizvAvidyotanaH / bhUyo bhedavivRttayAdharaparispandositasthAtmanA mohadhvAntamakarodaya jino bhAnuH svabhASAzriyA / / - vahI, 9 / 224. (ga) bhASAbhedasphurantyA sphuraNavirahitasvAdharodbhASamA ca / - harivaMzapuraNa 56 / 117. 2. sakalajJAnAvaraNasaMkSayAvirbhUtAtIndriyakevalajJAna: rasanopaSTamsamAtrAdeva vaktRtvena pariNataH sakalAn zrutaviSayAnarthAnupadizati / --tasvArthavArtika 2 / 19 / 10 10 132 ( - jJAnapITha-saMskaraNa) . 3. sarapraznAnantaraM dhAtuzcaturmukha vinirgatA / caturmukhaphalA sAryA caturvarNAmAzrayA / / -harivaMza 58 3 234 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bhAvArya paramparA

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rahI ho| divyadhvanike sambandhameM kucha AcAryokA abhimata hai ki yaha sarvahita karaneke kAraNa varNavinyAsase rahita hai| para kucha AcArya ise akSarAtmaka hI mAnate haiM, yataH akSaroMke samUhake vinA lokameM arthakA parijJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai / bhASAtmaka zabda do prakArake mAne gaye haiM--(1) akSarAtmaka aura (2) anakSarAtmaka ! akSarAtmaka zabda saMskRtAdi bhASAke hetu haiM aura anakSarAtmaka zabda dvIndriyAdike zabdarUpa hote haiM / divyadhvaniko anakSarAtmaka isalie kahA jAtA hai ki vaha jabataka sunanevAleke karNapradezako prApta nahIM hoto, tabataka anakSarAtmaka hai aura jaba karNapradezako prApta ho jAtI hai, taba akSararUpa hokara zrotAke saMzayAdiko dUra karatI hai| ataH akSarAtmaka kahI jAtI hai / ___ vastutaH divyadhvani zabdataraMgarUpa hotI hai / taraMgeM saMpreSita hotI haiM aura zrotA apanI-apanI yogyatAke anusAra unheM grahaNa kara letA hai| ataH anakSarAtmaka hote hue bhI akSarAtmaka divyadhvani mAnI jAtI hai / AjakA vijJAna bhI kahatA hai ki dhvanimAtra prakampanakI prakriyA hai ! zabdotpAdaka sabhI vastueM kampana karatI haiN| kampanake abhAvameM dhvani paidA nahIM hono / kevalI bolanekA prayatna nahIM karate, apitu tIrthakaranAmakarmodayake kAraNa kaNTha, tAlu Adiko prakampita kiye binA ho zabda-vargaNAoMke kampanake sAtha dhvani hotI hai| yaha dhvani paudgalika hai| kAyayogase AkRSTa karma-pudgalaskandha svayaM zabdakA AkAra lete haiM, bhASArUpameM pariNata hote haiN| 1. (ka) divyamahAdhvanirasya mukhAbjAnmeparavAnukRti niragacchat / bhavyamanogatamohatamomanAtaveSa yathava tamo'riH / / - mahApurANa 23269. (kha) tAlyomaparispandi nachAyAntaramAnane / aspRSTapharaNA varNA mukhAvasya viniryyuH|| sphuragirigRhodbhUtapravizuSyanisannibhaH / praspaSTavarNo niragAd dhvaniH svAyambhuvAmmukhAt / / vahI, 24 / 82-83. 2. paJcAstikAya-vAtparyavRtti 1 / 4 / 9. 3. vahI, 79 / 135 / 6. 4. gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa-jI0pra0 227 // 48815. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 235

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zabdotpattikI prakriyA do prakArakI hai-prAyogika aura vanasika / prayatnajanya zabdoMko prAyogika kahA jAtA hai aura sahaja niSpanna zabda vainasika kahalAte haiM / zabda dhvanyAtmaka hote haiM, para sabhI zabda bhASAtmaka nahIM hote / vastrasika zabda abhASAtmaka mAne jAte haiN| meghakI garjanA sahaja utpanna hotI hai, para usameM koI bhASA nahIM prAyogika zabda abhASAtmaka aura bhASAtmaka donoM prakArake hote haiN| bhASAtmaka dhvani arthavizeSako abhivyakta karatI hai, abhApAramaka dhvani arthazUnya hotI hai| tIrthaMkarakI divyadhvani prayogakAlameM anakSarAtmaka hote hue zrotAke zravaNake samaya akSarAtmaka rUpameM parivartita ho jAtI hai / isa divyadhvanikI yaha pramukha vizeSatA hai| divyadhvani jina pudgalaskandhoMko preSita karatI hai; ve gatizIla hote haiN| unameM zabdarUpa-pariNamana karanekI kSamatA hotI hai| Avartana-parAvartana aura vivartanakI kriyAe~ bhI hotI rahatI haiN| yaha dhvani calanemeM kisIko mAdhyama nahIM banAtI / sAdhAraNata: dhvani-prasArake liye vAyukA mAdhyama apekSita hotA hai / para tIrthakarakI dhvanimeM aisI sahaja svAbhAvika zakti vidyamAna rahatI hai, jisase vaha sabhI jAtike protAoMke karNapradezameM pahuMcakara tattad bhASArUpameM pariNata ho jAtI hai / harivaMzapurANake eka padyameM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra AkAzase varSAkA pAnI ekarUpa hotA hai, parantu pRthvIpara par3ate hI vaha mAnArUpoMmeM dikhalAyI par3ane lagatA hai / usI prakAra tIrthaMkarako divyadhvani ekarUpameM rahate hue bhI sabhAmeM sthita pazu-pakSI, deva-gaMdharva, manuSya Adiko apanI-apanI bhASAmeM avagata hotI hai|' vidhyadhvani : sarvabhASA divyadhvaniko sarvabhASAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| AcArya samantabhadrane apane svayaMbhU-stotrameM tIrthakara mahAvIrako divyadhvaniko sarvabhASAtmaka kahA hai aura 1. amAnAramApi tavRtaM nAnA pAtraguNAzrayam / sabhAyAM dRzyate nAnA visyamambu yathAthanau // -harivaMzapurANa 58 / 15. ekarUpApi tadbhASA zrotUna prApya pRthavidhAn / bheje nAnAtmatAM kulpAjalasmRtirivAdhripAn // AdipurAga 11187. 2, svayaMbhU-stotra, pA 95. 236 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI zAghArya-paramparA

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batalAyA hai ki tIrthakarakA vacanAmRta saMsArake samasta prANiyoMko apanI-apanI bhASAmeM tRpta karatA hai| alaMkAra-cintAmaNimeM bhI ise sarvabhASAtmaka, asIma sukhaprada aura samasta nayoMse yukta batalAyA hai|' ghavalATIphAmeM AcArya vIrasenane likhA hai-"yojanAntaradUrasamIpasthASTAdazabhASA - sapsahatazatakubhASAyuta-tiryagdevamanuSyabhASAkAralyUnAdhika-bhAvAtotamadhuramanoharagambhIravizadadhAgatizayasampanaH bhavanavAsivANavyantara-jyo. tiSka-kalpavAsIndra - vidyAdhara-cakravarti-bala-nArAyaNa-rAjAdhirAja-mahArAjArghamahAmaNDalIkendrAgni-vAyu-bhUti-siMha-vyAlAdi-deva - vidyAdhara-manuSyaSi - tiyaMgindrebhyaH prAptapUjAtizayo mhaaviiro'rthkrtaa|" ___ arthAt eka yojanake bhItara dUra athavA samIpameM baiThe hue aThAraha mahAbhASA aura sAta-sau laghu bhASAoMse yukta tiryaMca, manuSya aura devoMkI bhASAke rUpameM pariNata honevAlI tathA nyUnatA aura adhikatAse rahita madhura, manohara, gambhIra aura vizada bhASAke atizayoMse yukta tIrthakarakI divyadhvani hotI hai| mahApurANameM AcArya jinasenane bhI ise azeSabhASAtmaka kahA hai / atizayavizeSake kAraNa yaha divyadhvani samasta bhAvarUpoM pariNamana karatI hai| syAdvAdarUpI amRtase yukta honeke kAraNa samasta prANiyoMke hRdayAndhakArako naSTa karatI hai| mahApurANameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki divyadhvani ekarUpameM hotI huI bhI tIrthaMkara-prakRtike puNya prabhAvase samasta manuSyoM aura pazu-pakSiyoMko saMketAtmaka bhASAmeM pariNata ho jAtI haiM / niSkarSa yaha hai ki divyadhvani, dhvanirUpa hotI hai aura agaraha mahAbhASA tathA sAta-sau kubhASArUpa pariNamana karatI hai| yaha akSara aura anakSara svarUpa 1. alaMkAra-cintAmaNi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha-saMskaraNa 1 / 102. 2. SaTkhaNDAgama, yavalATIkA-samanvita, aSama jilda, 10 61. 3. tvarivyavAgiyamaghoSapadArthagarbhA bhASAntarANi sakalAni niyantI / satzavayoSamacirAt kurute budhAnAM syAdAdanItivihatAndhamatAndhakArA / / -AdiparANa 23 // 154: 4. ekatayo'pi ca sarvanabhASA: sro'ntaraneSTabahapa kubhASAH / aprapipattimapAsya va tasvaM bodhayati sma jinasya mahimnA / / --AdipurANa 23170. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 237

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bIjapadoMse yukta hai| ataH sabhI prANiyoMko apanI-apanI bhASAmeM pravacana sunAyI par3atA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI divyadhvani ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hotI thI / vaiyAkaraNoMne ise ASaM prAkRta kahA hai / ardhamAgadhIzabda kI vyutpatti 'aghaM mAgadhyA' arthAt - jisakA ardhAMza mAgadhI ho aura zeSa addhIza anya bhASAoMse nirmita ho, vaha ardhamAgadhI hai / isa vyutpattikA samarthana I0 san sAtavIM zatAbdIke vidvAn jinadAsagaNa mahattarake 'nizIthacUNi' nAmaka grantha meM ullikhita "porANaddhamAgahabhAsA niyayaM havaI suttaM" dvArA bhI hotA hai / arthamAgadhIzabdakI vyAkhyA - " magahuddhavisayabhAsAnivajraM addhamAgahI " -- arthAt magadhadezake ardhapradezakI bhASA ardhamAgadhI kahI jAtI hai / ardhamAgadho meM aThAraha dezI bhASAoM kA mizraNa mAnA gayA hai| batAyA hai- "aTThArasa desI bhAsA niyayaM vA addha-mAgahaM" / jinasenane bhI ise sarvabhASAtmaka kahA hai / I ardhamAgadhIkA mUla utpatti sthAna magadha aura zUrasena (mathurA) kA madhyavartI pradeza hai| tIrthaM karoMke upadezakI bhASA ardhamAgadhI hI mAnI gayI hai / AditIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ayodhyA ke nivAsI the / ataH ayodhyA ke pAzrvavartI dezako mApana hI hogii| eka dhAraNA yaha bhI pracalita hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ardhamAgadhImeM upadeza dete the / inakA janmasthAna vaizAlI thA, inake vihAra aura pracArakA mukhya kSetra pUrva meM rAr3ha bhUmise lekara pazcima meM magadhako sImA taka, uttara meM vaizAlIse lekara dakSiNa meM rAjagRha aura magadhake dakSiNI kinAre taka thaa| yoM to mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa dezake pratyeka bhAgameM gayA thA, para unakI tapasyA aura varSAvAsoMkA sambandha ukta pradezake sAtha vizeSarUpase hai / ataH ardhamAgadhI isI kSetrakI bhASA rahI hogii| yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki ina kSetroMmeM bolI jAnevAlI anya boliyoM kA prabhAva bhI avazya par3A hogA | AryabhASAke atirikta ina kSetroM meM muNDA evaM dravir3avargako bhASAe~ bhI pracalita thIM / ataH ina donoM vargakI bhASAoMkA prabhAva bhI ardhamAgadhIpara avazya par3A hai| ardhamAgadhImeM saMskRtake 1. sarvArdhamAgadhI sarvabhASAsu pariNAminIm / sarveSAM sarvato vAcaM sArvazI praNidadhmahe // X - vAgbhaTa - kAvyAnuzAsana, pR0 2. x X X "bhagavaM caNaM addhamAhIe bhAlAe ghammamAikladda " - samAvAyAGgasUtra, padma 60 2. mahApurANa 33 / 120, 33148. 238 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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svArthika 'ka' pratyayake sthAnapara 'ha' pratyaya bhI pAyA pAyA jAtA hai / yaha 'ha' pratyaya muNDA varga kI bhASAse gRhIta hai / 'arihA zabda udAharaNArtha liyA jA sakatA hai / 'bArya' zabdase prAkRtameM 'ayya' aura 'ariyA' zabda niSpanna hogeM / taba yaha 'arihA' zabda kisa prakAra banegA | Aryazabdase svArSika 'ka' pratyaya jor3akara 'ariya' yA 'ariyA' bana sakate haiN| para 'arihA' zabdakA bananA sambhava nahIM hai / yahA~ muNDA bhASAkA svAdhika 'ha' pratyaya vidyamAna hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarakAlIna prAkRtavaiyAkaraNoMne isa samasyAke samAdhAnArthaM 'ka'ke sthAnapara 'ha' pratyayakA vidhAna svIkAra kiyaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ardhamAgadhI meM upadeza dete the aura unakI vaha divyadhvani manuSya, pazu AdikI bhASAmeM pariNata ho jAtI thI / samavAyAMgasUtrameM likhA hai -- "bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhammaM Aikvai / sA vi ya NaM addhamAgahI bhAsa bhAsijja mANI tesi savvesi AriyamanAriyANaM duppayaca uppayamayapasupavikhasarisivANaM appappaNo hiyasivasuhRdAyabhAsattA pariNamai' / " arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIrakI dezanA ardhamAgadhImeM hotI thI / yaha zAnti, Ananda aura sukhadAyinI bhASA Arya, anArya, dvipada, catuSpada, mRga, pazu-pakSI aura sarisRpoMke liye unakI apanI-apanI bolImeM pariNata ho jAtI thI / ovAiyasuttase bho ukta tathyako puSTi hotI hai- "tae NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAbIre kUNiyassa raNNo bhibhisAraputtassa addhamAgahae bhASAe bhAsai / arihA dhammaM parikahecha / sA vi ya NaM addhamAgahA bhAsA tesi savvesi AriyamaNAriyANaM appaNI sabhAsAe pariNAmeNaM pariNamai / " uparyukta uddharaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM AyeM aura Aryetara bhASAoM kA sammizraNa hai / sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai ki ardhamAgadhIkA rUpa-gaThana mAgadhI aura zaurasenIse huA hai / hArnalene samasta prAkRtabhASAmoM ko do vargoM meM bA~TA hai 1 eka vargako usane zaurasenI prAkRta bolI aura dUsare vargako mAgadhI prAkRta bolI kahA haiM / ina boliyoMke kSetroMke bIcoM-bIcameM usane eka prakArakI eka rekhA khIMcI, jo uttara meM khAlasI se lekara bairATa, ilAhAbAda aura phira vahA~se dakSiNako rAmagar3ha hotI 1. samadAyAGga ( ahamadAbAda, san 1938 I0), sUtra 98. 2. kampareTiva grAmara, bhUmikA, pR0 17 tathA usake bAda ke pRSTha | tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 239

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huI jogar3ha taka gayI hai| griyarsana ukta matase sahamata hote hue likhate haiM ki ukta rekhAke pAsa Ate-jAte zana-zanaiH ye donoM prAkRteM ApasameM mila gayIM aura isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki inake melase eka tIsarI bolI utpanna huI, jisakA nAma ardhamAgadhI pdd'aa| isa kathanase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki bhASAkI sahaja pravRttike anusAra ar3osa-par3osakI boliyoMke zabda dhIre-dhIre ApasameM eka dUsarekI bolImeM dhulamila jAte haiM aura una boliyoM ke bhItara itanA ghara kara lete haiM ki bolanevAle yaha nahIM samajha pAte ki ve kisI dUsarI bolIke zandoMkA prayoga kara rahe haiN| ataH zaurasenI aura mAgadhI ke saMyogase ardhamAgadhIke rUpakA gaThita honA koI AzcaryakI bAta nahIM hai| vastutaH prAcIna bhAratameM do hI prakArako prAkRta bhASAeM mAnya thIM-zaurasenI aura mAgadhI / zaurasenI pazcima pradezako bhASA thI aura mAgadhI puurvko| vartamAnameM zvetAkara Agama-sAhityake jo grantha ardhamAgadhImeM upalabdha hote haiM, vaha ardhamAgadhI tIrthakara mahAvIrakI divyadhvanikI bhASA nahIM haiN| isakA rUpa to cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdImeM gaThita huA hai| tIrtha kara mahAvIrakI divyadhvanikA adhyayana karanepara usake svarUpake sambandhameM nimnalikhita niSkarSa upalabdha hote haiM (1) divyadhvani dhvanyAtmaka hotI hai aura dhvanike akSarAtmaka aura anakSa. rAtmaka donoM hI bheda haiN| saraMga rUpameM pariNata hotI huI dhvani zrotAoMke karNapradezameM bhASAtmaka rUpameM upasthita hotI hai / (2) divyadhvanikA yaha bhASAtmaka rUpa Arya-anArya Adi vargakI vibhinna bhASAoM dvArA grathita hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki AcAryone aThAraha bhASAoM aura sAtaso kubhASAoMkA mizraNa isameM mAnA hai| bhASAkA yaha rUpa sabhI starake prANiyoMko bodhya thA / pazu-pakSI saMketAtmaka bhASAko samajhate haiM / unake pAsa vANI nahIM hotI, para ve anubhava sabhI bAtoMkA karate haiN| torthaMkaroMkI yaha divyadhvani anubhavake talapara pazu-pakSiyoMko bhI udbodhita karatI thI / pazu-pakSiyoMkA anubhava mUka rUpameM hotA hai| ve bhASAse dUra rahakara bhI anubhUtike starapara taraMgarUpa dhvaniyoMko saMketAtmaka rUpameM grahaNa karate haiN| ataH anubhava aura bhAbake rUpameM pazu-pakSI divyadhvanise lAbhAnvita hote haiN| mAnava 1. caNDake prAkRta-lakSaNako bhUmikA, pu. 21. 2. sevana grAmarsa oNpha dI ilekTsa eNDa saba hAilekTsa, oNpha dI bihArI laiMgaveja, khaNDa 1, pR0 5, (kalakattA 1883 I0). 240 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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jagatake prANI aneka boliyoMke bolanevAle hote haiN| ataH unheM lAbhAnvita karaneke liye aisI vANI kAryakArI ho sakatI hai, jo sabhI bhASAoMkA mizraNa ho| jisa prakAra Ajakala eka hI bhASA vibhinna anuvAdaka-yantroMke dvArA aneka bhASAoM meM sunI jAtI hai, usI prakAra divyadhyAna bhI apanI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa samasta mAnava-jagatako apanI-apanI bolI meM sunAyI par3atI thI / deva bhI divyadhvaniko samajhate the| isa jagatakI bhASAkA kyA rUpa hai, yaha so abhI taka nirdhArita nahIM ho pAyA hai| divyadhvanikA deva-jagatake bhAvoMke sAtha sIdhA sambandha hai| bhAva-sampreSaNake liye kisI mAdhyamakI AvazyakatA nahIM thI / udAharaNArtha Ajake vAyaralesako liyA jA sakatA hai| vAyaralesameM koI mAdhyama nahIM hai| vicAroMkA sIdhA sampreSaNa hotA hai| divyadhvani isI kAraNa anakSarAtmaka mAnI gayI hai ki deva-jagatake sAtha taraMgAvalI yA bhAva. dhArAkA sIdhA sampreSaNa ho / kahA jAtA hai ki maunarUpameM sthita rahakara anubhavakA jitanA jyAdA aura sIdhA sampreSaNa hotA hai, utanA vANIke dvArA nhiiN| divyadhvanikI taraMge deva-jagatake talapara pahu~catI haiN| yaha anubhavakI bAta hai ki manuSya jisa tathyako zabdoMke dvArA pratipAdita nahIM kara pAtA hai, usa tathyako vaha mauna sAdhanA dvArA vyakta kara detA hai| (3) divyadhvaniko bhASAtmaka mAnakara ho use ardhamAgadho kahA gayA hai aura yaha ardhamAgadhI AyaM evaM Aryettara bhASAoMkA sammilita rUpa thii| samavazaraNa-vihAra tIrthakara mahAvIrane dharmAmatakI varSA kevala rAjagRhake Asa-pAsa hI nahIM kI, apitu unake samavazaraNakA vihAra bhAratake sudUravartI pradezoM meM bhI huaa| harivaMza-purANameM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra bhavavatsAla tIrthaMkara RSabha 1. kAzikauzalakauzalyaphusandhyAsadAranAmakAn / sAlvatrigatapaccAlabhadrakAra paTanA / / mokamatsyakanIyAMzca sUrasenakArthapAn / madhyadezAnimAna mAnyAn kaliMgakurujAMgalAn / kaikeyAyakAmboja bAhalIkaya samazra ton / sindhugAndhArasaubIrasaramI rudesarAma n / / vAivAnabharadvAjakvAthatoyAn samudrajAn / uttarAMstArNakANIzca dezAn pramAlanAmakAn / / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 241

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devane aneka dezoMmeM vihArakara unheM dharmase yukta kiyA thA, usI prakAra antima tIrtha kara mahAvIrane bhI vaibhavake sAtha vihArakara madhyake kAzI, kauzala, kauzalya, kusandhya, asvaSTa, zAlva, vigataM, pAMcAla, bhadrakAra, paTambara, mauka, matsya, kanIya, zarasena evaM kArthaka nAma : rAma-tatake kaliMga. kurujAMgala, kaikeya, Atreya, kAmboja, bAlhika, yavanazruti, sindhu, gAndhAra, sUrabhIru, dazeruka, bAr3avAna, bhAradvAja aura vAthatoya dezoMmeM evaM uttara dizAmeM tArNa, pracchAla Adi dezoMmeM vihArakara unheM dhamakI ora unmukha kiyA thaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA yaha samavazaraNa-vihAra vibhUtisahita hotA thA, jisake kAraNa mAnavatAkA vizeSa pracAra huaa| mahAvIrane vaizAlI, vaNiya-grAma, rAjagRha, nAlandA, mithilA, bhadrikA, alAmikA, zrAvastI aura pAvAmeM vizeSa rUpase dharmAmRtakI varSA kI thii| vipulAcala aura vaibhAragiripara mahAvIrakI divyadhvani kaI bAra huI thii| aneka rAjA-rAjakumAra aura rAjakumAriyoMne Atma-kalyANakA mArga grahaNa kiyaa| __ magavatI-sUtrameM tIrthakara mahAvIrake nAlandA, rAjagRha, paNiyabhUmi, siddhArthanAma, kUrmagrAma Adi sthAnoMmeM padhAranekA ullekha hai| uvAsagadasAsUtrameM vaNijanAma, campA, vArANasI, AlabhI, kAmpilyapura, polAsapura, rAjagRha aura zrAvastI meM tIrthakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa-vihArakA kathana AyA hai| vANija-grAmakI dharmasabhAmeM Ananda zrAvaka aura usakI bhAryA zivAnandA inake upAsaka bane the| campAmeM zrAvaka kAmadeva aura zrAvikA bhadrA; vArANasImeM zrAvaka cUlanipriya evaM sUradeva tathA zrAvikA zyAmA aura dhanyA; AlabhImeM zrAvaka cullazataka aura zrAvikA bahulA, kampilyapurameM kuNDako liya aura puSpA dampati, polAsapurameM sardalamitra aura agnimitrA, rAjagRhameM zrAvaka mahAzataka aura vijaya evaM zrAvastImeM nandinIpriya aura zalatipriya upAsaka bane the| ___ mahAvIrake vacanAmRtane UMca-nIca aura jAti-pAMtike bheda-bhAvako miTA. kara mAnavatAkI pratiSThA kI thii| hama yahA~ tIrthaMkara mahAbIrake samavazaraNavihArakA saMkSipta nirdeza prastuta kregeN| vaizAlI : ceTaka evaM senApati siMhakA dharma-zravaNa __ rAjagRhase bhagavAna mahAvIrake samavazaraNane vaizAlImeM vihAra kiyA / yahA~ke gaNanAyaka mahArAja ceTaka the, jinakI rAnIkA nAma subhadrA thA / ceTaka dhau NAyojayad vIro biharan vibhavAnvitaH / yathava bhagavAn pUrva vRSabho bhabyavatsalaH ||-hrivNshpuraann 3 / 3-7 242 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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RSabhadeva Adi tathaMkaroMke dharmake ArAdhaka the| jinendraprabhukI pUjA aura arcAmeM vizeSa bhAga lete the| inake dhanadatta, dhanabhadra, upendra, sudatta, siMhabhadra, sukumbhoja, akampana, supataMgaka, prabhaMjana aura prabhAsa ye daza putra the| siMhabhadra vRjigaNa-senAkA parAkramI senApati thaa| ceTaka cora, parAkramI aura raNakuzala thA | jaba ceTakako vaizAlImeM mahAvIrake samavazaraNa ke padhAranekA samAcAra prApta huA to vaha parivAra-sahita tIrthakara mahAvIrako bandanA karaneke liye gyaa| usane mahAvIrake mulase sunA--"manuSya sahasroM dunti zatruoMpara sagara khAre vijaya prA kara sakatA hai, para apane Upara vijaya prApta karanA kaThina hai, bAhya zatruoMse lar3anA jitanA sukara hai antaraMga kAma, krodhAdi zatruoMse lar3anA utanA hI kaThina hai / zatruoMke parAsta karanese sukhazAnti prApta nahIM ho sakatI / sukha-zAnti to ahiMsAmaya vAtAvaraNameM hI upalabdha hotI hai|" mahAvIrane jinadatta aura suradattakA itivRtta sunAkara saMsAraviraktiko ora unheM AkRSTa kiyaa| mahAvIrane AdhyAtmika utkrAntikA vivecana karate hae guNasthAna aura mAgaNAoMkA svarUpa btlaayaa| ceTakake adhIna nau lacchavI, nI malla isa prakAra kAzI-kozalake aThAraha gaNarAjA the| inake ceTaka nAma honekA kAraNa yahI thA ki ye zatruoMko apanA ceTaka-sevaka banAte the| hariSeNa-kRta kathAkozameM inake pitAkA nAma keka aura mAtAkA nAma yazomato batAyA gayA hai| mahAvIrake upadezase ceTaka virakta huA aura vaha unakA bhakta ho gayA tathA unake caraNoMmeM dAkSA grahaNa kara lI / kahA jAtA hai ki ceTakane digambara-dIkSA dhAraNakara vipulAcala parvatapara tapazcaraNa kiyaa| ceTakake muni honepara vaizAlIkA Adhipatya unake putrako prApta huaa| kisI samaya senApati siMhabhadra bhI tIrthakara mahAvIrakI bandanAke liye samavazaraNameM pahuMcA aura vinayapUrvaka colA-"prabho! licchavI-rAjakumAra zAkya muni gautamabuddhakI prazaMsA karate haiM, unake matako acchA batAte haiM, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ?" 1. uttarapurANa 75.3. 2. batha vanavive beme vizAlInagarInara: / asyAM kako'sya bhAryAsIt yazomitirinaprabhA / / --bRhatkathA-koza. pR0 83, iloka 165.. 3. so ceDavo sAbo ?--a [vazyakacUNi, usarAddha, patra 164. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 243

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tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI vANIkI vyAkhyA karate hue indrabhUti gaNadhara kahane lage -- "gautamabuddhake bacana manako lubhAnevAle indrAyaNa phalake samAna sundara hai / para tuma to karma siddhAntake zraddhAlu ho| tumheM akriyAvAdI gautamake matase kyA prayojana ? mugdha licchavI kumAra isa bhedako nahIM jAnate, jo karmoM ke phalako bhoganevAlI AtmA ke astitvako bhI spaSTataH svIkAra nahIM karate / ve punajanma aura karmaphalakI vyavasthA svIkAra karane meM asamartha hai| jise grA tvameM vizvAsa hai, vahI hiMsAkA tyAgI ho sakatA hai / sahRdaya vyakti kabhI kisIke prANoM kA badha nahIM kara sakatA / ataeva dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA ke svarUpako jJAta kara ho vyakti ahiMsA dharmakA pAlana kara sakatA hai| jo pramAdavaza krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhake vazIbhUta hai, vaha prANivadha na karanepara bhI hisAkA bhAgI hai / indrabhUti gaNadharane saMkalpo, ArambhI, udyogI aura virodhI hisAbakA svarUpa senApati siMhadrako btlaayaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA ki dezarakSAke hetu prANiyoM kA vadha bhI hiMsA ke antargata nahIM hai / jo bhAvahiMsaka hai, vaha dravyahiMsA na karanepara bhI hiMsAkA pAtakI banatA hai / bhAvoMkI pavitratA aura lokopakAritAkI vRtti ahiMsA meM sammilita haiM / jo saMgrAma svArtha, dveSa, lobha aura ahaMkAravaza kiyA jAtA hai, vaha saMgrAma ahiMsA dharma kI dRSTise varjita hai, para dezotthAnakI kAmanAkI dRSTise kiyA jAnevAlA saMgrAma ahiMsA dharma meM bAdhaka nahIM hai / " siMha senApati tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM indrabhUti gaNadharake vacanoMse adhika prabhAvita hue aura unhoMne zrAvaka ke vrata svIkAra kiye | bANijyagrAma jitazatrukA namana vaizAlIke nikaTa hI vANijyagrAma avasthita thaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa yahA~ bhI AyA / jitazatru rAjA unakI vandanAMke liye calA | vaha mahAvIrakI divyadhvaniko sunakara bahuta prabhAvita huA tathA unakA mata bana gayA' | polAsapura : vijayalena aura saddAlaputrakA mohabhaMga uttara bhAratakA yaha bhI eka prasiddha nagara hai / isa nagara ke bAhara sahasrAna nAmaka udyAna thA / yahA~ke rAjAkA nAma vijayasena thaa| rAjA vinaya aura zrIdevIke putra atimuktaka rAjakumArane bAlyAvasthAmeM ho munidIkSA grahaNa 1. vANiyagAme nayare jiyasattU nAmaM zayA hotyA- uSAsagadAo ( pI0 ela0 vaidya sampAdita), pR0 4. 244 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kara lo po| vijayasenane jaba tIrthakara mahAvIrake mukhase dharmAmRta sunA aura AtmAke ahitakAraka viSaya-kaSAyoMkA parijJAna huA. to usane virata ho zrAvakake vrata grahaNa kara liye / __iso nagarameM saddAlaputta nAmaka eka prasiddha kumbhakAra bhI nivAsa karatA thaa| jisane tIna karor3a svarNa-mudrAe~ miTToke vartana banAkara arjita kI thii| isakI pAMca sau dukAneM aneka nagaroMmeM calatI thiiN| yaha bhAratakA prasiddha zilpI thA / mahavIrake upadezase prabhAvita hote hI isake mohakA bhaMga ho gayA aura munidokSA grahaNa kara lii| isa prakAra polAsapura meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa dvArA aneka prANiyoMkA kalyANa huaa| kucha vyakti polAsapurako avasthiti magadha aura videhake madhya mAnate haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki polAsapura usa samayakA prasiddha nagara thA / isa nagarameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa kaI bAra bAyA thaa| pampA : kuNika ajAtazatra, vaSivAhana aura karakaNDako dIkSA campAko aMgadezako rAjadhAnI batAyA gayA hai| tIrthakara mahAvArakA samava. zaraNa yahAM mo AyA thaa| yahA~ke samaya-samayapara honevAle kaI rAjA mahAvIrake samavazaraNase prabhAvita hue haiN| tIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa jaba campAmeM pahuMcA to usa samaya campAkA rAjA kuNika ajAtazatru thA / isane bhakti-bhAvapUrvaka mahAvIrakI vandanA kii| kahA jAtA hai ki ArambhameM ajAtazatru udAra aura sahiSNu thA, para bAdameM devadattake bahakAnese usako zraddhA bauddhadhamaMkI ora ho gyii| isane jainadharmake pracAra aura prasArake lie jo kArya kie haiM, ve itihAsameM ajara-amara haiN| vandanA karaneke anantara samrATa ajAtazatrune pUchA-"prabho ! vizvake loga lAbhake hetu hI koI udyoga karate haiN| sAdhu bho kisI acche lAbhake lie hI ghara chor3ate hoMge? isa sambandhameM saMsArake vibhinna vicArakomeM mata-bhinnatA hai| kauna-sA mata satya hai ? yaha batalAnekI kRpA kiijie|" __uttarameM dharmadezanA huI--"rAjan ! yaha satya hai ki manuSyakA udyoga lAbhake lie hotA hai| paraMtu lAbha do prakArakA hai. laukika aura pAralaukika / laukika lAbha-ghana,sampatti, putra, strI-viSayaka haiM aura yaha nAzavAna haiN| ye saba prakaTa padArtha haiM aura pudgalAMzoMse inakA nirmANa huA hai / inake dvArA zAzvata sukha kisIko prApta nahIM ho sakatA hai| inameM svayaM sukha hai hI nhiiN| bataeva sAkhu zAzvata sukha prAptike lie mokSa-puruSArthakI sAdhanA karate haiN| pIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI vezamA : 241

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unheM laukika sukhakI cAha nahIM hai| unakA lAbha ananta kAlake lie sthAyI hotA hai / yaha mokSa-sukha hI sarvadA AnandadAyaka hai| nirgrantha amaNa saMvara aura nirjarA dvArA apane pApoMko dUra karate haiN|" ___ ajAtazatrune uparyukta dharmAmatako sunakara apanA janma kRtArtha samajhA / vaha jijJAsuke rUpameM punaH nivedana karane lagA-'ApakA kahanA yaha satya hai ki mokSa-sukha sarvottama sukha hai, para isa sukhakA kyA svarUpa hai, kaisA hai ? yaha to jJAta nhiiN| AtmA aura mokSa-sukhakA bhI astitva kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai?" ___ vyavasthA karate hue gautama gaNadharane kahA-"rAjan mokSakA sukha AkAzakusumavat nahIM hai aura na thA, indhita dvAramA hI hai / yaha to jIvana muktAvasthA hai / nirapada aura zAzvata sukharUpa hai| AtmAkI svatantratA hI sukhadAyaka hai aura mokSameM yahI svataMtratA upalabdha hotI hai| Atma-sukha anubhUtigamya hai| isakI tulanA sAsArika sukhoMse nahIM kI jA sakatI hai|" itanA hI nahIM, anekAntavAdakI vyAkhyA bhI prastuta kI gyiiN| ajAtazatru kuNika isa dezanAko sunakara prabhAvita huA aura usane indrabhUti gautamake nikaTa zrAvakake vrata grahaNa kiye| campA : anekabAra samavazaraNakA saubhAgya campA nagarImeM dUsarI bAra jaba bhagavAn mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa pahuMcA, to usa samaya jitazatra rAjya karatA thaa| unakA yaha samavazaraNa pUrNabhadra udyAnameM sthita haa| samavazaraNake pahaMcate ho sabhI dizAoMmeM tumula jayaghoSa Arambha ho gayA | dhanI-mAnI rAjA-mahArAjAoMke sAtha sAmAnya aura upekSita janatA bhI unakA dharma zravaNa karaneke lie pahu~cane lgii| jisake bhI kAnoMmeM tIrthakara mahAvIrako vANI par3a jAtI thI, vahI dhanya ho jAtA thaa| rAjA jitazatru bhI tIrthakara mahAvIrako bandanAke lie cala par3A aura unakI dezanA sunakara atyadhika prabhAvita huA / use anubhava huA ki samAja, deza aura rASTra-vyavasthApakake rUpameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrase bar3hakara anya koI vyakti nahIM hai / ye janma, jarA aura maraNa-rogake cikitsaka to haiM hI, para samAjameM utpanna hue arthajanya vaiSamyako bhI miTAnevAle haiN| yajJavAda, jAtivAda, bahudevavAda Adiko samIkSAkara samAjako naI krAnti denevAle haiN| inhoMne bhAratakI sAMskRtika virAsatako UrdhvamukhI banAneke lie pUrA prayAsa kiyA hai| 1. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM bhagavaM mahAvIre jAva samosarie / parisA niggamA / kUNie rAyA jahA tahA jitasattU niggacchai-niggacchattiA bhAva pajjuvAsai / -uvAsagadasAo ( pI0 ela0 vadya-sammAdita); pR025. 246 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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isa prakAra vicAra-viniyama karate hue rAjA jitazatrune tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako zaraNa svIkAra kI aura zrAvakake nata grahaNa kiye / ' karakaNDa janma aura vIkSA tIsarI bAra jaba mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa campA meM pahuMcA, to usa samaya isa nagarIke rAjA dadhivAhana apane putra karakaNDuko rAjya dekara dIkSita ho gye| batAyA jAtA hai ki dadhivAhanakI patnIkA nAma padmAvatI thaa| yaha vaizAlIke mahArAja ceTakakI putrI thii| dadhivAhanakI dUsarI patnIkA nAma dhAriNI thaa| padmAvatI jaba garbhavatI huI, to usa samaya garbhake prabhAvase use yaha dohada hubhA"maiM puruSaveza dhAraNakara, hAtha para car3he aura rAjA mere mastakapara chatra lgaaye| manda-manda varSA ho / isa prakAra maiM ArAma AdikA paribhramaNa kruuN|" rAnI lajAvaza apane isa dohadakI carcA kisIse na kaha skii| phalataH vaha dinAnudina kRSakAya hone lagI / eka dina rAjAne bar3e Agrahake sAtha usase pUchA, to rAnIne apane manako bAta kaha dI / dadhivAhanane kRtrima varSAkI yojanA ko aura rAnIko hAthIpara baiThAkara, usake mastakapara chatra lagA senAke sAtha nagarase bAhara niklaa| varSA bArambha ko / manda-manda phuhAra par3a rahI thI aura zItala havA cala rahI thii| ataH hAthIko vindhya-kSetrako apanI janmabhUmikA smaraNa ho AyA aura vaha vanakI ora bhAgA / sainikoMne rokanekI ceSTA kI, para niSphala rhe| hAthI vanakI ora bhAgA jA rahA thA ki rAjAko eka vaTavRkSa dikhalAyo par3A / rAjAne rAnIse kahA-"sAmane vaTavRkSa A rahA hai, jaba hAthI vahA~ pahuMce, to tuma usakI zAkhA pakar3a lenaa|" hAthI vRkSake nIcese niklaa| rAjAne to vRkSako DAla pakar3a lI, para rAnI use pakar3ane meM cUka gyii| 1. (a) teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNe baMpA nAma nagarI hotthA / jiyasattU raayaa| --ubAsagadasAo, ( pI0 ela0 vaMdya sampAdita), 10 22. (mA) campA nAma nayarI"jiyasasa nAma raayaa| -nAyAdhammakahAo, adhyayana 12, pR0 135 ( ena vI vaMdya ) sammAdita. 2. caMpAe nayarIe dahivAhaNo rAyA / sasya ceDaga-dhUyA paumAvaI devI / annayA ya tIse dohalo jAlo / kihAhaM rAya-nevatyeNa nevatthiyA mahArAyA-parIya-chattA 1 ujANakANaNANi hasthi-saMdha-vara gayA viharejjA / sA oluggA jAyA / rANA pucchiyA / kahiyo smbhaavo| tAha rANA sAya jayahatpimmi aabaaii| uttarAdhyayana sukhaboSa-TIkA, karakaNDaphaSA ! tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 247

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svastha mana hone para rAjA dadhivAhana to campA lauTa Aye, para hAthI rAnI - ko eka nirjana jaMgalameM lekara praviSTa huA / sarovara meM avasara dekhakara rAnI kisI prakAra hAthoparase uttara AyI aura tairakara kinAre A gayI / rAnI usa vanako bhayaMkaratA dekhakara vilApa karane lgii| para apanI asahAya avasthA jAnakara sAhasa bA~dha eka ora cala pdd'ii| kucha dUra jAnepara use eka tApasa milA / rAnIne tApasako praNAma kiyA aura usake pUchane para apanA paricaya diyA / tApasane rAnIko AzvAsana dete hue kahA- "maiM ceTakakA sagotrI hU~ / ataH aba cintA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / " usa ta sane banake phala khilAkara rAnIkI kSuSA zAnta kI aura use kucha dUra jAkara vikA mArga dikhalA diyA aura kahane lagA- " putrI ! hala calI bhUmipara meM nahIM cala sakatA / ataH tuma akele sIdhI calI jAo / Age dantapura nAmaka nagara hai bahA~ dantavakra nAmaka rAjA hai| vahAMse kisI ke sAtha campA calI jAnA / " padmAvatI rAnI dantapura pahu~cI aura sAdhviyoMke upAzrayakI talAza karatI huI bhramaNa karane lgii| rAnI sAdhviyoMke upadezase virakta huI aura usane kSullikA - dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| rAnIkA garbhaM vRddhiMgata hone lagA / usane pramukha sAdhvIko apanA samAcAra kaha sunAyA / jaba prasava huA, to navajAta zizuko ratnakambala meM lapeTakara pitAkI nAma-mudrAke sAtha zmazAnameM chor3a diyA | baccekI rakSA ke liye rAnI imazAna meM hI eka jagaha chipakara baiTha gyii| itanemeM zmazAnakA mAlika cANDAla AyA, usane bacceko uThA liyA aura apanI patnIko pAlana-poSaNa karane ke liye sauMpa diyaa| rAnIne chipakara cANDAlakA ghara dekha liyA | rAnIne upAzraya meM Akara sAdhviyoM se kahA- "mRta putra huA thA, use maiMne chor3a diyA / " rAnI putrasnehake kAraNa cANDAla ke ghara jAtI aura bhikSA meM milI acchI vastuoMko putrako detI / jaba bAlaka bar3A huA, to apane samavayaska baccoMmeM rAjA banatA / eka dina vaha zmazAna meM thA ki do sAdhu cale jA rahe the| eka sAdhune eka bA~sako dikhAkara kahA ki cAra aMgula bar3A ho jAnepara jo ise dhAraNa karegA, vaha rAjA banegA | eka brAhmaNa bhI isa kathanako suna rahA thaa| usane vaha bA~sa jamInase nIce cAra aMgula taka khodakara kATa liyaa| jaba cAMDAlake ghara meM pale-puse lar3akene brAhmaNako bA~sa kATate dekhA to vaha usase jhagar3a par3A aura antameM use rAjya milane para eka gA~va kA vacana dekara vaha bA~sa le liyA / brAhmaNane bAMsa to de diyA, para SaDyantrakara usa cAMDAla parivArako mArane kA prayAsa karane lagA / 248 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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ataH vaha cAMDAla parivAra kAMcanapura calA gayA / jisa dina yaha parivAra vahA~ pahu~cakara vizrAma kara rahA thA, usa dina bahake rAjAkA svargavAsa ho gayA thA / usakA koI putra nahIM thA / ataH rAjA nirvAcana karaneke nimitta abhimantrita azva chor3A gayA / avane karakaNDukI pradakSiNA ko aura usake nikaTa Thahara gayA / karakaNDu kAMcanapurakA rAjA bana gayA aura jaba yaha samAcAra usa brAhmaNako prApta huA, jisane bA~sa kATA thA, to vaha karakaNDuko sevAmeM upasthita huA aura usase campA meM eka grAma denekA anurodha kiyA / karakaNDune dadhivAhanake nAma eka patra likhA aura campAmeM se koI eka gAMva usa brAhmaNako denekA nivedana kiyA tathA isake badale meM kAJcanapurase anya gAMva denekA AzvAsana diyA / dadhivAhana isa patra ko par3hakara atyanta kupita huA aura kahane lagA"cAMDAla - putrakA itanA sAhasa ki vaha mujhe campAke rAjyase eka gA~va deneke liye likhatA hai | ataH usane spaSTa rUpameM grAma dene se inakAra kara diyA / " huA aura dadhivAhanako karakaNDu dAnavAhunakA samAcAra prApta kara udaNDatA samajhakara campApara AkramaNa karanekI taiyArI kI / karakaNDune campA nagarIko cAroM orase ghera liyA aura donoM narezoM kI senA ke bIca tumulayuddha hone lagA / pitA-putra donoM hI paraspara meM aparicita rahakara tIvra vANa-varSA kara rahe the| rAnI padmAvatI ko jaba isa AkramaNakA samAcAra milA, to vaha pitA putrakA pArasparika paricaya karaneke hetu vahA~ upasthita huI / usane mahArAja dadhivAhana se hAthI dvArA apahRta kiye jAnese lekara campAAkramaNa takako samasta kathA kaha sunAyI aura pitA-putrakA paricaya karAyA / paricaya prApta hote hI yuddha banda kara denekI ghoSaNA kI gayI / rAjA dadhivAhanako virakti huI aura vaha torthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM upasthita huA / campAkA rAjyabhAra vaha karakaNDuko sauMpa cukA thA / dadhivAhahnane indrabhUti gautamase nivedana kiyA- "prabho ! maiM isa saMsAra ke duHkhoMse Uba gayA hU~ / ataeva mujhe zAzvata sukha prAptikA mArga btlaaiye| maiM digambara-dIkSA grahaNa karaneke liye lAlAyita hU~ / ataeva zIghra hI mujhe dIkSita kIjiye / " isa prakAra rAjA dadhivAhanate tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM dIkSA vAraNa kI / kAlAntarameM karakaNDu bhI virakta hokara dIkSita ho gayA / zrAvastI : prasenajitakI bhakti 1 kozaladezakI rAjadhAnI zrAvastI thI / Ajakala isa nagarIke khaMDahara 1.''''sAvatthI nayarI'' jiyasattU rAyA - upAsagadasAmo (pI0 ela0 vaidya), pu069. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 249

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goMDA-baharAica jiloMkI sImApara 'saheta maheta' nAmase bar3e vistAra meM bikhare par3e haiN| zrAvastI nagarIkI sthApanA zrAvasta nAmaka sUryavaMzI rAjAne kI thI / isa nagarI meM saMbhavanAtha tIrthaMkarakA janma huA thA / mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa campAse zrAvastIko gayA thA / yahA~ unakI dezanA prANimAtrako mAtmavat samajhanA, apane-parAyeko samAna dRSTise dekhanA, Atma-niyantraNa karanA, ahiMsAsaMyama tapake mahattvako svIkAra karanA Adi tathyoMpara prakAza DAla rahI thI / zrotAgaNa mantramugdha hokara tIrthaMkarake upadezAmRtakA pAna kara rahe the| jaba kozalAdhipati prasenajitako tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNakA samAcAra jJAta huA, to vaha bhI bhakti-vibhora ho gyaa| vaha vicAra karane lagA - " niSkAmabhakti hI sukha-zAMtikA sAdhana hai / vItarAgakI upAsanA karanese AtmAmeM vItarAgatA jAgRta hotI hai| saccI sukha-zAMti nirAkulatAmeM hai / AkulatAse krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha AnaMda vRttiyoMkA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / ye vRttiyA~ hamAre mana meM jitanI gaharAI meM praviSTa hotI jAtI haiM, hamArA mana utanA hI adhika azAMta ho jAtA hai| ataeva tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI zaraNa svIkArakara Atma-kalyANa meM pravRtta honA hI upAdeya hai / " prasenajita bhaktibhAvapUrvaka tIrthakarake samavazaraNa meM praviSTa huA aura bhAvavibhora hokara unakI stuti karane lgaa| usane niyati yA bhAgyavAda ke saMbaMdhameM apanI zaMkAeM upasthita kIM / bhagavAnke divyopadezase prasenajitakI zaMkAoMkA nirAkaraNa huA aura ise apane puruSArthapara vizvAsa ho gayA / dezanAmeM ekAntarUpase bhAgya evaM puruSArthavAdakI samIkSA kI gayI thI aura anekAntadvArA bhAgya evaM puruSArthakA samarthana vidyamAna thA / prasenajita tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA bhaka banakara dharmapuruSArthI ho gyaa| zaMkha bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA bhakta bana gayA / kauzAmbI : rAnI mRgAvatI kI dIkSA evaM vRSabhasenakA digambarasva tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa vibhinna janapadoMse hotA huA, kauzAmbI'meM AyA / usa samaya kauzAmbI saMkaTagrasta thI / ujjayinI ke rAjA caNDapradyotane apanI vizAlavAhinIke sAtha kauzAmbIpara AkramaNa kara diyA thA / usake pAsa anupama sainyabala thA / rAjA udayana abhI bAlaka thA, ata: zAsanakA saMcAlana mahArAnI mRgAvatI kara rahI thii| sabhI bhayabhIta the / atyadhika krodhI honeke kAraNa hI ujjayinInareza caNDapradyota kahalAte the| yuddhakA kAraNa yaha thA ki vaha rAnI mRgAvatIko apanI patnI banAnA cAhatA thA / vAsanA 1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 10183176. 250 : sIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kI pUrti ke lie usane nirdoSa prajAkA raka bahAne ke hetu kauzAmbIpara AkramaNa kiyA thaa| mRgAvatI apane cAtu se isa yuddhako TAlanA cAhatI thii| usane apano zIla- rakSA evaM yuddhako rokanekA eka upAya socA / usane pradyotake pAsa apanA sandeza bhejA ---"abhI patizoka tAjA hai| mujhe rAjya vyavasthA bhI karanI hai tathA bAlaka udayanako avasthA choTI hai / ataeva socane-samajhane ke lie avasara dIjie 1" pradyota rAnI mRgAvatIke isa sandezako avagatakara prasanna huA aura vaha apanI senAko vyavasthita kara ujjayinI loTa gayA / pradyota mRgAvatIke nimantraNako pratIkSA karate-karate thaka gayA / usane kauzAmbI kaI patra likhe, para koI uttara nahIM milA / Akhira krodhita ho usane kauzAmbIpara punaH AkramaNa kara diyA / raktapAta hone hI vAlA thA ki mahAvIrake samavazaraNakI dhUma maca gyii| AbAla-vRddha sabhI kauzAmbI nivAsI samavazaraNa meM dharmopadeza sunane ke lie jAne lage / samavazaraNa kauzAmbIke bAhara udyAnameM avasthita thA / rAnI mRgAvatIne vicAra kiyA ki karuNAsAgara tIrthaMkara mahAvorake samavazaraNakI zaraNa hI isa yuddhakI vibhISikAse rakSA kara sakatI hai| ataH usane nagarake dvAra khola diye aura unake darzanArtha cala par3I / samavazaraNa meM dezanA ho rahI thI / mahArAja pradyota bhI tIrthaMkarakI vANI suna rahe the| mahAvIrane vAtAvaraNako zAMta banAnekA sAmayika upadeza diyA / krodha, mAna Adi Antarika zatra opara vijaya pAnA hI saccA vijetA bananA haiM aura yaha vijaya hI AtmAko vijaya hai / saMsArameM amRta aura viSa donoM haiM, yaha hamapara nirbhara hai ki kise grahaNa kareM / dharmaM amRta prAptimeM sahAyaka hai, kintu Aja dharma aura saMskRtikI bAtako pAkhaNDane AvRta kara diyA hai / kriyAkANDa, hiMsA, zoSaNa yA jAti-vargabheda kabhI dharmake aMga nahIM ho sakate / dharmakA kArya zAMti aura sukha pradAna karanA hai / isa upadezakA prabhAva mahArAnI mRgAvatIpara bhI par3A aura usake hRdayameM tyAgavRtti jAgRta huI / usane khar3e hokara rAjA pradyotase saMyamArAdhanA kI anumati mA~gI mahArAjane saharSa AryikA dIkSA grahaNa karanekI anumati pradAna kI / rAnI harSavibhora ho kahane lagI- "Apa mujhe prasannatApUrvaka anumati de rahe hai, to mere pIche mere putra udayanakA dAyitva bhI Apako lenA | torthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 251

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hogaa| vaha abhI abodha hai| ata: usako zikSA-dIkSA Apako apane putrake samAna karanI hogI tathA rAjyazAsanake saMcAlanameM bhI sahayoga denA hogaa|" tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI vANIke sunanese pradyotakI Atma-pariNati nirmala ho cakI thI, ataH unhoMne rAnI magAvatIkI sabhI bAtoMkI svIkRti pradAna kii| rAnIne AryikA-dIkSA grahaNa kii| mRgAvatI vaizAlInareza caTekakI putrI thA aura isakA vivAha kauzAmbInareza zatAnIkase huA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki zatAnoka bho tIthaMkara mahAvorake upadezase prabhAvita huA thA, para isako mRtyu rogavizeSake kAraNa ho gayI thii| isa nagarakA seTha bRSabhasena vipula sampattikA svAmI thaa| candanAko prazya isIke yahA~ prApta huA aura yahIM para mahAvIrakA abhigraha pUrNa huA tathA unha na AhAra grahaNa kiyaa| mahAbIrako dezanAse prabhAvita hokara vRSabhasena aneka vyApAriyoM sahita muni bana gyaa| vatsadezakI kauzAmbI nagarImeM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa kaI bAra AyA thA / hastizIrSa : adInazatruke putra subAhukA vratagrahaNa saMbhavataH yaha nagara kurudezake pazcimottara pradeza meM kahIM avasthita thA / isa nagarake bAhara puSpakaraNDaka nAmakA udyAna thA, jahA~ kRtavanamAlapriya yakSakA mandira thA / isa nagarameM adonaza nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / isakI paTTamahiSokA nAma dhAriNIdevI thaa| dhAriNodevone eka rAtrike antima praharameM svapna meM siMha dekhA / samaya Anepara use putralAbha huA aura usakA nAma subAhu rkhaa| subAhukumAra jaba yuvA huA to usakA vivAha pUSpacalA nAmaka kanyAse sampanna huaa| eka bAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa vihAra karatA huA hastizIrSanagara meM AyA aura nagarake uttara-pazcima sthita udyAnameM sabhAmaNDara nirmita huA / deva, manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi sabhI tIrthaMkarako vANI sunaneke lie Ane lage / rAjA adInazatru bhI samavazaraNa meM gayA aura dharmopadeza sunakara Anandita huaa| rAjakumAra subAhu bhI rathapara ArUr3ha hokara samavazaraNameM sammilita huaa| pariSadke sadasya dezanA sunakara cala gaye, para subAhukumAra vahIM sthita rahA / 1. vipAkasUtra-(pI0 ela0 vaidya sampAdita ), zru0 2 a0 5, pR0 79-78. 2. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra : muni kalyANavijaya, 10 98. 252 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vaha 'sva' ko upalabdhi aura svaniSTha AnandakA cintana karane lagA-"jIvana mahattvapUrNa hai, usakA koI viziSTa prayojana hai / yaha Adhi-vyAdhike duHkhoM aura klezoMse naSTa hone ke lie nahIM hai aura na bhoga-vilAsake paMkameM lipta hone ke lie hI hai / isakA mahAna uddezya hai / ataeva mujhe isa uddezyakI pUrti ke lie prayAsa karanA caahie|" usane indrabhUti gautama gaNadharase nivedana kiyA-"prabho ! maiM gharameM rahakara hI abhI sAdhanA karanA cAhatA huuN| ataeva mujhe aNuvrata aura zikSAvatoMke niyama denekI kRpA kIjie / tIrthakara mahAvIrake caturvidha saMghameM 'zrAvaka' bhI eka saMgha hai / zrAvaka-dharmake abhAvameM munidharmakA nirvAha nahIM ho sakatA hai|" indrabhUti gautamane subAhukumArako tIthaMkara mahAvIrake samakSa zrAvakake dvAdaza vratoMke niyama diye| kAlAntarameM eka bAra madhyarAtri jAga jAneke kAraNa subAhukumArake manameM yaha saMkalpa uThA ki ve rAjA aura rAjakumAra dhanya haiM, jo digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kara Atma-sAdhanApathapara vicaraNa karate haiM / attaH abakI bAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa Anepara meM mubhidIkSA grahaNa kruuNgaa| mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa punaH hastizIrSa meM AyA aura puSpakaraNDaka udyAnameM dharmasabhA huii| rAjA adInazatra evaM sabAhukumAra Adi bhI dharmapariSadmeM sammilita hue aura subAhukumArane vilata hokara apane pitAse nunidIkSA dhAraNa karanekI anumati maaNgii| anumati prApta hote hI usane digambarI-dIkSA grahaNa kara dvAdazAMga-vANIkA adhyayana Arambha kiyaa| anazana, Unodara, battisaMkhyA, rasaparityAga Adi bArahavatoMkA AcaraNa karate hue vaha karmanirjarAmeM pravRtta huaa| saugandhikA nagarI' : apratihatakI jAgI saSaptacetanA saugandhikA nagarIke samIpa nIlAzoka udyAna thA, jisameM sukAlayakSakA cetya thaa| mahAvIrake samayameM isa nagarImeM apratihata rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| isakI mahArAnI sukRSNA thI / inakA putra mahAcandra huaa| mahAcandra atyanta pratibhAzAlI aura nikATabhavya thA / yaha Arambhase hI saMsArase virakta thaa| vaha socatA-"manuSya svayaM apane bhAgyakA vidhAtA hai| samAjameM U~ca-nIca, Arthika saMgharSa evaM rAjanItika dAsatAkA anta Avazyaka hai| manuSya apanI AtmAkA pUrNa vikAsa kara sakatA hai aura isa vikAsakA AdhAra ahiMsA hai, jo jitanA ahiMsaka hai, usakI AtmA utanI hI vikasita hai|" usane apane mana meM nizcaya kiyA ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM jAkara saMyama grahaNa karanekI icchA vyakta kruuNgaa| 1. vipAkasUtra-pI0 ela0 vaMdya-sampAdita, zru0 2 0 5, pR0 82. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 253

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saubhAgyase tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa saugandhikAmeM A pahuMcA / sabhI AbAlavRddha unako bandanAke lie jAne lge| gale mAra, ra tihatakA bhI samavazaraNake AnekA samAcAra milaa| rAjA apratihata bho Asannabhavya thaa| ataH yaha bhI apane parivArasahita samavazaraNameM sammilita huaa| vaha tIrthakarako stuti karatA huA nivedana karane lagA-"prabho ! ApakA jIvana mAnava-samAjakA AmUlacUla sudhAra karane ke lie hai / Apa ghoratapasvI haiM, vItarAga haiM, hitopadezI haiN| apakA udezAmRta sAmAjika, zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika unnatikA prabala sAdhana hai / bar3e bhAgyodayake honepara hI manuSya ApakI dharmapariSadeM sammilita hotA hai| Apake darzanamAtrase mere mAnasacakSu udghATita ho gaye haiM aura merI AtmAko mUchita cetanA jAgRta ho gayI hai| ataeva Apake upadezake phalasvarUpa meM kalyANamArga grahaNa karane ke lie prastuta huuN|" rAjA apratihattane indrabhUti gaNadharase vrata grahaNa karanekI icchA vyakta kii| kumAra mahAcandra to pahalese hI saMsArake prati anAsakta thaa| kAminI aura kAJcana ina donoMke AkarSaNakA pahalese hI tyAga kara cukA thA / vaha apanI bhogataSNAko saMyamitakara zrAvakake vratAcaraNa meM nirata thA / vaha saMsArake vaibhava aura viSayasukhoMko viSa mAna rahA thaa| ataH mahAcandrane cairAgya bhAvanAke udita hote hI saMsArakI moha-mamatAse apanA neha tor3a diyaa| usane digambarI dIkSA dhAraNa karane kI apanI icchA vyakta kii| phalataH mAtA-pitAse anumati lekara vaha dIkSita ho gayA aura pUrNa saMyamako ArAdhanA karane lgaa| saugandhikAkI dharmasabhAne apratihatake jAgaraNake sAtha mahAcandrako bhI AtmazodhanameM pravRtta kiyaa| mAyA, mithyAtva aura nidAnakA damanakara samatvabhAvako prApta ho mahAnandra AmahitakA pathika banA / hemAGgada beza : jIvandhara : nirvANamArgake pathika tIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa hemAMgada dezameM pahu~cA / yaha pradeza vartamAna meM dakSiNabhAratameM karNATakameM avasthita hai| yahA~ke suramalaya udyAnameM dharmasabhA jur3I tho' / jIvandharane Ananda-bherI bajavAkara atyanta samAroha pUrvaka 1. jinapUjA vidhAyAnu yardhamAnavizuddhikaH / sUrAdima layodyAnAyAnaM vIrajinezitaH / / zrutvA vibhUtimad gatvA saMpUjya paramezvaram / mahAdevItanjAya datvA rAjyaM yathAvidhi: 11 vasundharakumArAya vItabhoho mahAmanAH / mAtulAdimahIpAlainandAyamadhurAdibhiH ||---uttrpuraann 75 // 679-681. 254 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vIrasaMghakA svAgata kiyaa| tIrthakarake samavazaraNameM bhavyajIva dharmAmatakA pAna karane ke lie jAne lage / jIvandhara bhI gandharvadattA Adi deviyoMke sAtha samavazaraNameM praviSTa hue| tAthaMkara mahAvIra ke upadezasa itane adhika prabhAvita hue ki unhoMne mahArAnI gandharvadattAke putra vasundharakumArako rAjya dekara nandADhya, madhura Adi bhAiyoM aura mAmAke sAtha digambara-dIkSA dhAraNa kI / samayazaraNameM pahu~cate hI jIvandharakumArakA moha zAnta ho gayA, mana nirmala bana gayA aura samyaktva sudaDha ho gyaa| isa prasaMgameM jIvandharakumArakA saMkSipta jovanavRtta denA bhI aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| hemAMgadadezako rAjapurImeM satyandhara rAjA apanI rAnI vijayA sahita zAsana karatA thaa| rAjA viSayAsakta ho antaHpurameM apanA samaya yApana karatA thA / ataH usane kASThAMgAra nAmaka mantrIko rAjyakA adhikArI banA diyaa| rAnI vijayA garbhavatI huI aura use eka rAtrike pichale bhAgameM tIna svapna dikhalAI par3e / satyandharase usane svapnoMkA phala pUchA / prathama svapnakA aniSTa phala jAnakara rAjA kucha sAvadhAna huA aura usane eka maya rAkRti yantra bnaayaa| kASThAMgArane eka dina bagAvatakara rAjA satyandharako mArane ke lie senA bhejii| rAjAne vaMza rakSAke lie garbhavatI mahArAnIko yantrameM baiThAkara AkAzameM ur3A diyA aura svayaM yuddha karate karate mArA gayA / cAlakake abhAvameM yantra rAjapurIko zmazAna bhUmimeM girA / rAnIne vahIM putrako janma diyaa| putrake pAlana-poSaNakA sAdhana na dekhakara usa putrako rAjanAmAMkita mudrikA pahanAkara zmazAnake eka hisse meM rakha diyA / usa nagarIke seTha gandhotkaTake yahA~ usI dina putra janma huA, para thor3I derake bhanantara usakI mRtyu ho gayI / phalataH vaha mRtasaMskArake lie usa putrako vahA~ lAyA aura yahIM use vaha navajAta zizu milA / usane use uThA liyaa| pAsameM chipI vijayAne putrako ArzIvAda diyA-'jIva', ataH isa zabdake AdhArapara 'jovaka' yA 'jIvandhara' nAma rakhA gyaa| gandhotkaTane gharapara jAkara patnIse kahA-"tumane jIvita putrako mata kaise ghoSita kara diyA / " sunandA seThAnI putrako prAptakara bar3I prasanna huI aura apanA hI putra samajha sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pAlana karane lgii| gandhotkaTane putraprAptike upalakSyameM bahuta bar3A utsava sampanna kiyaa| mahArAnI vijayA putra-vyavasthAke pazcAt daNDakavanameM tapasviyoMke AzramameM pahu~cI / kucha dinoMke pazcAt sunandAko eka putra aura huA jisakA nAma 'nanda' rakhA gayA | pA~ca varSako avasthAmeM jIvandharakA vidyArambha saMskAra sampanna huaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 255

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jIvandharane AryanandI guruse samasta vidyAoM kA adhyayana kiyA / AryanandIne eka apanA AtmavRttAnta jIvandharako sunAyA aura isI prasaMgameM usase yaha bhI kahA ki tuma satyadhara mahArAjake po. aura hAra : usa nAgArine har3apa liyA hai| jovandharadvArA lodha pradarzita kiye jAnepara unhoMne eka varSa taka yuddha na karanekI pratijJA karAyI / rAjapuro nagarIke nandagopI gAyoMko eka dina vanameM vyAdhoMne roka liyA / nandagopane rAjA kASThAMgArase prArthanA kI ki gAyeM vApasa dilAneko vyavasthA kareM 1 kASThAMgArane vyAdhoMse lar3aneke lie saMnA bhejI, para segA phUcha na kara skii| phalataH nandagopane nagarameM ghoSaNA karAyI ki jo vyakti bhIloMse gAyoMko chur3A lAyegA, use svarNako sAta puttaliyAM dahejameM dekara apanI govindA nAmaka putrIkA vivAha kara duuNgaa| jIvandhara bhIloMse gAyoMko chur3A lAyA aura apane mitra padmAsyake sAtha govindAkA vivAha karA diyaa| rAjapurI nagarIkA zrIdatta seTha jahAjI ber3A lekara vyApArake lie gayA / vaha sAmAna lekara lauTa rahA thA ki usakA jahAja samudra meM DUbane lgaa| use vahA~ eka stupa milA, jahA~ eka vyakti chipA haA thA, usane kahA-"yaha gAndhAra deza hai| yahAM kI nIlAloka nagarImeM garuDabega vidyAdhara rAjA rahatA hai| isakI putrI mandhavaMdattA hai| janmake samaya jyotiSiyoMne bhaviSyavANI kI hai ki rAjapUrI nagarI meM jo ise vINAvAdana kara parAjita karegA, vahI isakA pati hogaa| ApakA jahAja DUbA nahIM hai, yaha bhrama hai| Apa gandhabaMdattAko apane jahAjameM baiThAkara rAjapurI le jaaiye|" zrIdattane gandharvadattAko apane jahAjameM baiThA liyA aura rAjapurI meM A gyaa| yahA~ kASThAMgArakI svIkRtise svayaMvara yojanA ko gayI, jisameM rAjakumAroMne vINAvAdana kiyA / para sabhI rAjakumAra gandharvadattAro hAra gye| anta meM jIvandharane apanI ghoSavatI cINA bajAyo aura gandharvadattAko parAjita kara usake sAtha vivAha kiyaa| vasanta RtumeM jalakrIDA sampanna karane ke lie nagaravAsiyoM ke sAtha jIvandharakumAra bhI gyaa| vahA~ vaidikoMke dvArA ghAyala kiye gaye eka kutte ko unhoMne 'NamokAra' maMtra sunAyA, jimase usane yakSa-paryAya prApta ko : kUttake jIva usa pakSane apane jJAnavalase upakArIko jAna liyA, ata: vaha jIvandharake samakSa apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa karane AyA / vaha samaya par3anepara sevAmeM upasthita honekA vacana dekara calA gyaa| isa utsavameM guNamAlA aura suramaMjarI nAmakI do sakhiyA~ mo sammilita huI thiiN| unhoMne 'smAnIya cUrNa' taiyAra kiye| unake cUrNAMkI parIkSA jIvandharakumArane kI aura guNamAlAke cUrNako zreSTha siddha kiyaa| isase 256 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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suramaMjarI rUThakara calI Ayo aura jIvandharakumArase vivAha karanekA anubandha kiyA / guNamAlA snAnakara utsavase lauTa rahI thA ki kASThAMgAra ke madonmata hAthIne use ghera liyaa| priyaMvadA sakhIko chor3a anya sabhI vyakti bhAga gye| jIvandharane hAthIko bhagA diyaa| guNamAlAkA jIvandhara ke sAtha vivAha bhI ho gayA / hAthIko tAr3ita karaneke kAraNa rAjA kASThAMgAra jIvandharapara bahuta ruSTa huA aura use apanI sabhAmeM pakar3avAkara bulAyA / canvotkaTane kumArako sabhA meM upasthita kara diyA / rAjA kASThAMgArane usake badhakA Adeza diyA / kumArane yakSakA smaraNa kiyA / yakSa kumArako candodaya parvatapara le gyaa| vahA~ usane unako tIna mantra diye aura eka varSa meM rAjA honekI bhaviSyavANI kI / jIvandharakumAra vahA~se calakara dabA jahA~ mAnise bahutase hAtho jala rahe the| kumArane jinendra-stavanadvArA meghavRSTikara dAvAgniko zAnta kiyA ! tIrthavandanA karate samaya kumAra candraprabhA nagarI meM AyA, yahA~ ghanamitrakI putrI padmAse vivAha kiyA | candraprabhA nagarIse calakara kumAra dakSiNa deza ke sahasrakUTa caityAlaya meM AyA aura vahA~ caityAlaya banda kivAr3oMko apane stutibalase kholA, jisase kSemapurIke subhadra seThakI putrI kSemazrI ke sAtha usakA vivAha sampanna huA / kSemapurImeM kucha dinoM taka rahaneke pazcAt kumAra jIvandhara mAyAnagarI ke samIpa pahu~cA aura vahAM dRr3hamitra rAjAke putroMko dhanuvidyA sikhalAyI / rAjAne prasanna hokara apanI kanyA kanakamAlAkA vivAha jIvandhara ke sAtha kara diyA / kSemapurImeM jovandharakA sAkSAtkAra nandabhAIse huaa| vaha sunAtA hai ki gandharvadattAne apane vidyAbalase mujhe yahA~ bhejA hai tathA vaha gandharvadattAkA patra bhI detA hai / isI samaya pazcAsya Adi mitra bho kumArase milate haiM aura daNDakAraNya meM mAtA vijayA ke nivAsa karanekA samAcAra dete haiM / kumAra mAtAjoke darzana karatA hai aura unheM apane mAmA ke yahA~ bheja detA hai / vaha rAjapurI meM lauTa AtA hai aura vahA~ sAgaradattako kanyA vimalAke sAtha vivAha karatA hai / kumArakA mitra buddhiSeNa kahatA hai- 'puruSoMkI chAyAse ghRNA karanevAlI suramaMjarI ke sAtha vivAha karo, tabhI tumhArI vizeSatA mAnI jA sakatI haiM / " kumAra yakSadvArA pradatta vidyAbalase vRddha brAhmaNakA veza dhAraNakara suramaMjarIke tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 257 17

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yahA~ gayA aura use prabhAvita kara kAmadeva ke mandirameM le AyA / yahA~ kAmadevakI pUjA karate samaya usane kumAra jovandharako prApta karanekI yAcanA kI / kumArane apanA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa kiyA aura suramaMjarIkA kumArake sAtha vivAha sampanna ho gayA / suramaJjarIse vivAha honeke uparAnta kumAra apane dharmamAtA-pitA sunandA aura gandhotkaTake yahA~ AyA aura parivArase milakara prasanna huA / jIvandharane rAjyaprAptike lie unase salAha ko / pazcAt yaha dharaNItilakA nagarIke rAjA apane mAmA govindarAjake pAsa gayA / mAmA govindarAjane rAjapurIko sasainya prasthAna kiyA aura vahA~ nagara ke bAhara maNDapa taiyArakara candraka yantra banavAkara ghoSaNA kI ki jo vyakti isa yantrakA bhedana karegA, usake sAtha lakSmaNAkA vivAha kiyA jAyagA | aneka rAjakumAroMne prayAsa kiyA, para sabhI asaphala rahe / anta meM jIvandharane yantrakA bhedana kiyA / govindarAjane samasta vyaktiyoMko kumAra jIvandharakA paricaya kraayaa| kASTAMgAra jIvandharakumArase bahuta aprasanna huA aura usane yuddha ke lie kumArako llkaaraa| kASThAMgAra yuddhameM mArA gayA / jIvandharakumAra rAjA ho gayA aura usane apane dharmabhAI seThaputra nandakumArako yuvarAja niyata kiyaa| kumArakA vivAha bhI lakSmaNAke sAtha sampanna ho gayA / jIvandharakumAra apanI AThoM striyoM sahita jalakrIDAke lie gayA / vahA~ eka vAnara-vAnaroke premakalahako dekhakara usake mana meM virakti huI / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNakA samparka prAptakara jIvandharakumArane munidIkSA dhAraNa ko' / mahAvIrako dharmarAbhAne usake jIvana meM maMgala prabhAtakA udaya kiyA / samyak zraddhA, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritrakI upalabdhi huI / tIrthaMkarake nirvANapaTTapara jIvandharake naye hastAkSara zobhita ho rahe the| jIvana saMgrAma meM jUjhanekI jisa kalAkA anubhava jIvanbarakumArane kiyA thA, usIkA kriyAtmaka prayoga tapasyAkAlameM kiyA / ahiMsA, maitrI, aparigraha aura satyakI udAtta bhAvanAe~ unake jIvanako uttarottara nirmala banAtI rahIM / hemapurIkA yaha samavazaraNa jobandharakumArake AtmothAnakA prabala sAvana banA / 1. gadyacintAmaNi aura jIvamdhara campU - sampAdaka paM0 pannAlAla, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, uttarapurANAndanaMta jIvandharacaritra adhyAya 75 paM0 daulata rAmakRta 'jovandharacarita; voravANI, jayapura, aMka 3-4, san 1966. 258 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kaliMga : boragheNo aura citraveNIkA prasagrahaNa tIrthakara mahAbIrakA kaliMgadezameM vihAra huaa| yaha kaliMga sya rvI samudrataTapara tAmalukase gaMjama paryanta vyApta thaa| isakI uttarI sImA gaMgA nadIko sparza karatI thii| dakSiNameM madhya gaMjamake uparAnta ghane vana phaile hue the| pUrva meM bhAratIya mahAsAgara thA aura pazcimI somA madhyaprAntakI amarakaMTaka parvatamAlA taka phailI thii| dakSiNa kosala yA mahAkosala pradeza bhI isIke bhItara thaa| kaliMgako vikaliMgadeza bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki isameM utkala, kaMgoda aura kosala ye tIna deza sammilita the| kaliMgameM tIrthakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNakA bihAra huA aura kumArIparvatapara samavazaraNa sthita huaa| kumArIparvata Ajakala udayagiri kahalAtA hai| DaoN0 jyotiprasAdane bhI likhA hai-"tIrthakara pArzvakA vihAra kaliMgadezameM huA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI vahA~ padhAre the aura rAjadhAnI kaliMga nagarake nikaTa kumArIparvasapara unakA samavazaraNa lagA thaa| uparyuka ghaTanAoMko smRtimeM ukta sthAnapara stUpAdi smAraka bane the aura muniyoMke nivAsake liye guphAeM bhI nirmita huI thI, jo khAravelake samayake bahuta pahalese vahA~ vidyamAna thiiN|" sIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samaya kaliMgadezapara jitazatru nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thA, jo mahAvIrake pitA rAjA siddhArthakA mitra aura bahanoI thA / inhIMkI kanyA yazodAke sAtha mahAvorake vivAhakI bAta calI thI, para mahAvIrane vivAha karanese inakAra kara diyA aura ve Ajanma brahmacArI bane rhe| __ jaba kaliMganareza jitazatruko tIrthakara mahAborake samavazaraNake AgamanakA samAcAra milA, taba vaha prasannatApUrvaka jaya-jayadhvani karatA huvA kumArIparvasapara dharmasabhAmeM sammilita huaa| mahAvIrake dharmAmatakA usapara apUrva prabhAva par3A aura usakI AtmA saMsArake prapaMcoMse dUra haTakara kalyANake hetu macala utthii| vaha cetana-Anandako khojameM salagna honeke liye cintana karane lagA! nijAnubhUtikI gaharAImeM utarate hI usakA mithyAtva gala gayA, moha naSTa ho gayA aura vaha digambara-dIkSA grahaNa karane ke liye kRtasaMkalpa ho gayA / jitazatrune nimrantha muni-dokSA grahaNakara karmakSapaNakA prayAsa kiyA / 1, mahAvIra jayantI-smArikA, san 1973, pR. 39. 2. hAyo gumphA abhilekha, paMkti 14. 3. bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, prathama saMskaraNa pR0 181. 4. vAba kAmatA prasAda jaina, bhagavAna mahAvIra, prathama saMskaraNa, pa0 133. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezamA : 259

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kaliMga dezake vasantapura nagarake rAjA vIrazreNIkA rAjakumAra citrazreNI itanA sundara thA ki usake rUpako dekhakara usa nagarakI striyA~ apaneko bhUlaphara usapara mohita ho jAtI thiiN| janatAne rAjAse nivedana kiyA ki kumArakA nagara-paribhramaNa striyoMke kaprakA kAraNa hotA hai, ataeva kumArake nagaraparimramaNapara bandhana lagA denA caahiye| kumArakA aparAdha na homepara bhI rAjAne prajAko saMtuSTa karaneke hetu rAjakumArako dezase niSkAsita kara diyA / vaha ratnapura nagarImeM AyA / vahA~ke rAjAkI putrI padmAvatI anindya sundarI thI / ataeva aneka rAjakumAra usake sAtha pariNaya karaneke hetu vahAM Ate, para ve sabhI nirAza hokara lauTa jaate| padmAvasone yaha saMkalpa kiyA thA ki jo rUpa-lAvaNyameM usase adhika sundara hogA, usIke sAtha vaha vivAha kregii|| jaba kumAra citrazreNI glaera nagarImeM pahu~cA to usake saundaryako carcA samasta nagarameM vyApta ho gayI aura nagaravAsI yuvaka-yuvatiyA~ use dekhane ke liye Ane lge| citrazreNIko dekhakara padmAvatIkA pitA bahuta prasanna huA aura apanI rUpasI kanyA padmAvatIkA vivAha citrazreNIke sAtha kara diyaa| citrazreNI kucha dinoM taka sAMsArika aizvarya aura bhoga-vilAsoMkA upabhoga karatA rahA, para jaba use kumArIparvatapara tIrthakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNake padhAranekA samAcAra prApta huA, to vaha unake samavazaraNameM dharmAmRta sunaneke liye pahu~cA / saMyogavaza mahArAja vIrazreNI bhI vahA~ upasthita the| vIrazreNIne citraNIke virakta bhAvoMko avagatakara svayaM bhI dIkSita honekI icchA vyakta kii| ve dharmopadeza sunakara nagara meM padhAre aura citrazreNIkA rAjyAbhiSekakara punaH tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake nikaTa jAkara muni-dokSA grahaNa kii| citraveNI aura padmAvatIne prabhuke pAdamUlameM zrAvakavata grahaNa kiye / bahuta samayataka prajAkA pAlanakara citraveNI aura padmAvatIne bhI muni evaM AyikA dIkSAeM dhAraNa kI / kaliMgako orase hI puNDra, vaMga aura tAmralipta Adi dezoMmeM bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNakA vihAra huA aura vahA~kI janatAko ahiMsA-dharmakA upAsaka banAyA / mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa jisa sthAnapara jAtA, usI sthAnakA 1. kathAnakake liye dekhiye, citraveNI papAvatI parita tathA Dr. Kamata prasad dvArA likhita Religion of Tirhankaras' {world jain mission, Ali G. Jug. pR0 151. 2. jaina siddhAnta-bhAskara, bhAga 12, kiraNa 1, pu. 16-22. 260 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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prANIvarga parasparake vaira-virodhako chor3akara zAnti aura sukhakA anubhava krtaa| mahAvIrake prabhAvase cAroM ora subhikSa aura zAnti vyApta ho jAtI thii| . vaMgadeza : siMharatha-AtismaraNa evaM naggatikA pratyekabuddhatva tIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa baMgadezake puNDrabarddhana' nagarameM padhArA / isa nagarakI sthiti vartamAna meM mAladaha jile meM mAladahase chaha mIla uttarakI ora baMgAlameM mAnI jAtI hai| vartamAnakA pAhuA athavA pAMDuA, puNDakA apabhraMza rUpa hai | purAne puNDravarddhanameM donAjapura, raMgapura, nadiyA, vIrabhUmi, jaMgalamahala aura cunAra jile zAmila the| isa nagarameM siMhastha nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thA | eka bAra uttarApathake kisI rAjAne siMharathako azva bheMTa kiye| unameM eka arava vakrazikSAvAlA thaa| rAjA usa cakrazikSiAvAle azvapara savAra huA aura unakA kumAra dUsare azvapara / isa prakAra rAjA siMha ratha apanI senAke sAtha nagarake bAhara kor3A karaneke liye cala pdd'aa| ghor3eko cAla teja karaneke liye rAjAne use cAbuka lagAyA / ghor3A tejIse bhaagaa| rAjA ghor3eko rokaneke liye jitanI hI lagAma khIMcatA, ghor3A uttanA ho teja hotA jaataa| isa prakAra bhAgatA-mAgatA ghor3A rAjAko bAraha yojana dUra taka jaMgala meM le gyaa| lagAma khIMcanese rAjA thaka gayA thA / ata: usane ghor3ekI lagAma DhIlI kara dI / rAsa DhIlI hote hI ghor3A ruka gayA / ghor3eke ruka jAnese rAjAko yaha jJAta ho gayA ki yaha azva vakrazikSAvAlA hai| rAjAne ghoDAko vRkSase bAMdha diyA aura phala-puSpa khAkara apano kSudhA zAnta kI / rAtri vyasIta karanekI dRSTise rAjA pahAr3ake Upara cddh'aa| use sAtamaMjila UMcA bhavana dikhalAyI par3A / rAjA usa bhavanameM bhItara gayA aura use eka atyanta rUpavatI kanyA milI / kanyAne rAjAko uccAsana diyA aura usakA paricaya pUchA / rAjAne bhI kanyAke sambandhameM jijJAsA vyakta karate hue kahA-"tuma kauna ho aura yahA~ ekAnta sthAnameM kyoM rahatI ho?" ___kanyAne uttara diyA--"pahale mere sAtha ApakA vivAha ho jAya, tatpazcAt maiM Apako sArI bAta btaauuNgii|" vivAhake anantara usa kanyAne kahanA bArambha kiyA___"kSitipratiSTha nAmaka nagarameM jitazatru nAmakA rAjA rahatA thaa| eka samaya 1. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra, muni kalyANavijaya, pR0 376 tathA tIrthakara mahAvIra, bhAga 2, 50 569. tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 261

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" usane apanI citrazAlA banavAyI aura nagarake citrakAroMko bulAkara sabako barAbara bhAga bA~Takara usa citrasabhAko citrita karanekA Adeza diyA / citrakAroMmeM citrAgada nAmakA eka atyanta vRddha citrakAra thA / ise putra nahIM thA, kevala eka kanakamaMjarI nAmako kanyA thI / vaha pratidina apane pitA ke liye citrasabhA meM bhojana lekara AtI / eka dina vaha bhojana lekara citrasabhA kI ora A rahI thI ki rAjamArgapara ghor3e daur3ane se vaha bhayabhIta ho gayI aura kucha bilambase bhojana laMkara pitAke pAsa pahu~cI / jaba pitA bhojana kara rahA thA, taba kanakamaMjarIne eka mayUrapiccha banA diyaa| usa dina sabhAgAra dekhane rAjA AyA aura mayUrapiccha dekhakara use uThAne lagA, para vaha to citra thA, AghAtase jaMgalIkara nakha TUTa gayA / rAjAko dhyAnapUrvaka citra dekhate hue dekhakara kanakamaMjarI kahane lagI"abataka tIna pAMva vAlA palaMga thA / Aja caturtha mUrkhake mila jAnese palaMga cAroM pAMva pUre ho gaye / " rAjA kahane lagA- " zeSa tIna kauna hai ? aura maiM cauthA kisa prakAra hU~ ?" kanyA kahane lagI- " meM citrAMgada nAmaka citrakArakI putrI huuN| maiM sarvathA apane pitAke liye bhojana lekara AtI hU~ / Aja jaba maiM rAjamArgase bhojana lekara A rahI thI, to eka ghur3asavAra bar3I tejIse ghor3e ko daur3AtA huA rAjapathase A rahA thaa| bhIr3a-bhAr3akI jagaha meM tejIse ghor3A calAnA buddhimAnI nahIM hai / ataH vaha mUrkharUpI palaMgakA pahalA pAvA hai / dUsarA mUrkha isa nagarakA rAjA hai, jisane citrakAroMkI zakti aura yogyatAko binA jAne hI sabhI citrakAroMko samAnabhAga citra banAneko diyA hai ! gharameM anya sahayogI honese dUsare citrakAra to apane kAryako alpa samayameM samApta karane meM samartha haiM, para mere pitA to putra rahita hai, vRddha ve akele dUsaroMke samAna kaise kAma kara sakate haiM ? ataeva mUrkharUpI palaMgakA dUsarA pAvA yahAMkA rAjA hai / tIsare mUrkha mere pitA hai| unakA bharjita dhana samApta ho cukA hai, jo bacA hai usase hI kisI prakAra bhojana banAkara nitya meM lAtI huuN| jaba meM bhojana lekara AtI hU~, taba ve zaucAdi kriyAoMse nivRtta honeke liye jAte haiM / mere mAneke pUrva ve ina kriyAoMko sampanna nahIM krte| itane meM bhojana ThaNDA aura nIrasa ho jAtA hai / ataeva mUrkharUpI maMcekai ve tIsare pAye haiN| caturtha mUrkha Apa hai / jaba yahA~ morake Ane kI koI sambhavanA nahIM, taba phira 212 : sIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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mayUra paMkha yahA~ kahA~se AyegA ? yadi koI mayUra paMkha le bhI Aye, to use havAse ur3a jAnA cAhiye / inakI jAnakArIke binA Apa use leneke liye taiyAra ho gaye | ataH cauthe pAve Apa haiN|" rAjAne usa catura sundarI kanyAse vivAha kara liyA aura janmAntarameM vaha kanakamaMjarI toraNapura nAmaka nagara meM dRr3hazakti rAjAkI putrI huI aura usakA nAma kanakamAlA rakhA gyaa| vaha citrakAra marakara vyantaradeva huA / kanakamAlAne usa deva se pUchA - "isa bhavameM merA pati kauna hogA ?" devane kahA" pUrva meM jo jitazatru nAmaka rAjA thA, vahI isa bhava meM siharatha nAmaka rAjA hogA aura ghor3e para savAra hokara yahA~ AyegA / " isa AkhyAnako sunakara siMhathako bhI jAti-smaraNa ho gayA / kucha dinoM taka rAjA vahA~ rahA aura pazcAt rAjadhAnImeM lauTa AyA / vaha prAyaH parvatapara kanakamAlA ke yahA~ jAyA karatA thA aura vahA~ rahaneke kAraNa hI usakA nAma nagmati par3A / " kArtika mAsa kI pUrNimA ke dina rAjA sasainya bhramaNa karane nikalA aura bahI nagarake bAhara eka AmravRkSako dekhakara vaha pratibodhako prApta huA aura pratyekabuddha ho gayA / nagata pratyekabuddha honepara bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM gaye aura vahA~ hI unhoMne pratyekabuddhatva kI yogyatA arjita kii| siMharathako tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samparkane hI jitazatrukI paryAya meM pratyekabuddhatvaprAptiko yogyatA samAhita kI / suzmakaveza' ( dakSiNabhArata) : vidravAjakI dIkSA isa dezako rAjadhAnI podanapura thii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa yahA~ AyA / samavazaraNa ke AnekA samAcAra prApta karate hI sabhI nara-nArI unakI vandanA ke liye samAhita hone lage / rAjA vidvadAja bhI apane maMtriyoM sahita tIrthaMkarakI vandanA liye gyaa| mahAvIrakA kalyANakArI upadeza sunakara usakI mAtma-jyoti prajvalita ho gayI / vaha mAnava-jIvana ke mahattvako samajhane lagA- -"jo mAnava sacce manase dharmAcaraNa karatA hai, vaha apane bhItarakI 1. tao kAlena jamhA nage aIha tumhA 'nagai esa' tti paTTiyaM nAmaM loena rAigo / - utarASyayana ( nemicandra TIkA), patra 1442. 2. mahAvIra jayantI smArikA san 1973, pR0 40. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 263

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vikRtiyoMpara vijaya prApta kara letA hai, apane soye hue divyabhAvako jAgRta kara letA hai tathA svargake devatAoMke liye bhI vandanIya ho jAtA hai / ahiMsA, saMyama aura sapakI jyoti AtmAko Alokita kara detI hai / " ataeva usane apane puruSArthako jAgRta kara digambara-dIkSA dhAraNa karanekA saMkalpa liyaa| vaha apane pradhAna AmAtya sahita muni bana gayA | matsyadeza: nandivarddhanakA ana-bandana matsyadezakI sthiti varttamAna meM alavara, dhaulapura, bharatapura aura jayapura ke pradezoM meM sImita haiN| sAr3he paccIsa AryadezoMmeM isakI gaNanA kI gayI hai / matsyadezakI rAjadhAnI virATanagarI thI / jo vartamAna jayapurase uttara-pUrva meM bayAlIsa mIla para hai| matsya janaka kururASake dakSiNa aura pazcima thA / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa yahA~ AyA aura yahA~ke rAjAoMne atyanta harSollAsake sAtha unake dharmopadezako sunA / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake yahA~ pahu~canekA prabhAva Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / prasiddha itihAsakAra ojhAjI ke zabdoM meM mevAr3a rAjyameM sUryAsta ke anantara rAtri bhojanakI AjJA na thii| TaoNDa sAhabakA kathana hai ki koI bho jaina yati udayapura meM padhAre, to rAnI mahodayA AdarapUrvaka rAjamahala meM lAkara sammAnapUrvaka uhAtI aura AhArakA prabandha karatI thii| AvUke rAjA nandivarddhanane jaba mahAvIrake samavazaraNako carcA sunI, to usakA manamayUra bhI harSonmatta ho nRtya karane lagA / vaha socane lagA ki tIrthaMkaroMkA samparka bhavyavyaktiyoMko hI prApta hotA hai| jo janma-maraNa ke duHkhoMse chuTakArA prApta karanA cAhatA hai, usake liye tIrthaMkara vANI hI kalyANaprada hai / saMsArake zatruoMse yuddha karanA sarala hai, para indriyoMke sAtha yuddha karanA kaThina hai / jo indriyajayI haiM, vahI saMsAra meM mahAna hai| jJAna mAnavatAkA sAra hai / para jJAnakA bhI sAra samyaktva yA saccI zraddhA hai| jJAna, darzana aura cAritrake paripUrNa honese hI AtmA zAzvata sukhako prApta kara sakatI hai| jisane manuSya zarIra prAptakara, saddharmakA zravaNa nahIM kiyA, aura saddharma zravaNakara bhI jisane saMyama aura tapa dhAraNa nahIM kiyA, usakA dharma-zravaNa koI mahattva nahIM rakhatA / anAdikAla se yaha prANI manorama kAma bhogoM meM Asakta hai / svargakA vaizva sahaja meM prApta ho sakatA hai, putra- mitrAdikA saMyoga bhI sulabha hai, para eka dharmakI 1. okSAphIkRta anUdita, ToMDa rAjasthAna, jAgIra-prathA, pR0 11. 2. rA0 rA0 vAsudeva govinda ApTe, jainadharmakA mahattva, sUrata, bhAga 1, pR0 37. 264 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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prApti honA durlabha hai / mujhe isa samaya bahuta hI acchA saMyoga prApta huA hai / isa saMyogakA lAbha uThAnA cAhiye / isa prakAra vicArakara rAjA nandivarddhana tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM gayA aura vahA~ usane zrAvakake dvAdaza vrata grahaNa kiye| mahAvIrakI smRtimeM usane eka vizAla jinamandira banavAyA / jisakA patA khudAIse prApta eka abhilekha dvArA milatA hai / avantI : caNDapradyotakA namana tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavasaraNa vibhinna sthaloMpara bihAra karatA huA avantidezako ujjayinI nagarI meM pahu~cA / yahA~ caNDapradyota zAsana karatA thA / yaha pratApazAlI aura krodhI svabhAvakA thaa| batAyA gayA haiM ki isake pAsa cAra ratna the :- 1. lohajaMga nAmaka lekhavAhaka, 2. agnibhIru nAmaka ratha, 3. analagiri nAmaka hasti aura 4 zivA nAmaka devI zivA devI vaizAlIMke rAjA ceTakakI beTI thI / caNDapradyotakI ATha rAniyA~ thiiN| unameM ekakA nAma aMgAravatI thA / yaha aMgAravato suMsumArapurake rAjA dhundhumArakI putrI thI / isa aMgAravatIko prApta karane ke lie pradyotane suMsumArapurapara gherA DAlA thA / aMgAravatI zrAvikA ke vratoMkA pUrNatayA pAlana karatI thI / ' caNDapradyotakA sambandha rAjagRha, vatsa, vItabhaya aura pAMcAla Adi dezoMke sAtha bhI thA | caNDapradyota apane samayakA prasiddha rAjanItijJa, puruSArthI, zUravIra aura vAsanA - priya thA / jaba tIrthaMkara mahAvorakA samavazaraNa ujjayinI meM pahuMcA, to ujjayinI - ke sabhI nara-nArI upadezAmRta pAna karaneke liye samavazaraNa meM sammilita hue 1 rAjA pradyota bho dharma-zravaNako icchAse samavazaraNameM sammilita huaa| vaha socane lagA ki tIrthaMkarakA darzana saubhAgyodayase hI hotA hai / maiMne apane jIvanameM aneka yuddhakara vijayalAbha kiye haiM | aba taka ke jIvanapara dRSTipAta karanese jJAta hotA hai ki maiMne jo kucha bhI kiyA hai vaha zarIra aura saMsArake liye kiyA hai, AtmAke liye kucha nahIM kiyA hai aba samaya A gayA hai ataH Atmazodhana ke liye pravRtta honA Avazyaka haiM / 1 1. jainamitra (surata) 15311931. 2. mUrtikA prAcIna itihAsa ( phaloSi), pR0 136 tathA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, san 1973, pR0 40. 3. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 2 patra 160 tathA triSaSThizasA kApuruSacarita 10 / 11 / 173. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 265 1

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mahAvIra kriyAkANDa aura yajJakA virodha, vArmika jar3atA evaM Arthika apavyayako rokane ke lie hI kara rahe haiN| manuSya manuSya ke bIca bheda-bhAvakI khAI jAtivAdake kAraNa utpanna ho rahI hai / Izvarake nAmapara janatA puruSArthako bhulI huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane AtmAko ho Izvara batAyA hai aura AtmAke lie jora diyA hai| saMtulita aura saMgharSa - vihona jIvana-yApana ke liye AcAra, vicAra-sahiSNutA evaM vANIkI udAratA Avazyaka hai / mAnava jIvana ke mUlyoMmeM zAMti, saMyama, kSamA aura sukhako pradhAna sthAna diyA gayA hai| ataeva maiM tIrthaMkara mahAvorake caraNoM meM namanakara dhArmika AcAra-vyavahArakoM grahaNa karU~gA | tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI sudRr3ha bhakti hI AtmosthAnakA kAraNa hai / " isa prakAra vicArakara caNDapradyotane indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara se zrAvaka ke vrata grahaNa kiye / pAMcAla janapada : jana-abhinandana pAMcAla janapadakI rAjadhAnI kAmpilya nagarI thii| yaha nagarI gaMgA ke taTa para basI huI thI / kAmpilyake nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM kaI mata haiN| pAMcAla ke rAjA bhRmyazva ke eka putrakA nAma kapila yA kathA | isI nagara nagarIkA nAma kampilya par3A hogaa| paurANika itivRttoM jJAta hotA hai ki paMcAla rAjya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA / ina donoM bhAgoMkI somA gaMgA nadI thii| gaMgA ke uttarakA bhAga uttarI paMcAla kahalAtA thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI ahicchatrA thI / dakSiNavAlA bhAga dakSiNa paMcAlake nAmase prasiddha thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI kAmpilya thI | paMcAlake nirbala ho jAnepara kauravavaMzI zAsakoMne yahA~ aghi I patya jamAyA / kAmpilya jaina tIrthaMkaroMkI vihArabhUmi rhaa| bhAratavarSako prasiddha dasa rAjadhAniyoM meM kAmpilyako gaNanA hai / ?. Malva was blessed by the auspicious visit of Tirthankar Mahavira, in whose time king pradyota was rules of ujjain a great devotee of the lord in deed.--The religion of Tirthankaras, P. 167. J 2. jambUdIve bharavAse dasa rAyahAjio paM0 [saM0 - caMpA 1, maharA 2, vArANasI 3, sAvatthI 4, sahata sAtetaM 5 hRtviyaNAvara 6, kaMpilla 7 mihilA 8 ko saMbi 9, rAyagihUM - ThANAMgasUtra, ThANA 10 uddezaH 3, sUtra 719 patra 477-2. asthi rahena jaMbUddIne dakSiNa bhAraha khaNDe puSyadisAe paMcAlA nAma jaNavao / tattha gaMgAnAma mahAnaI taraMgabhaMgipakvAphijjamAna pAmAra bhittiaM kaM pislapuraM nAma nagaraM vivibhatIrthakalpa, 1050. 266 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kAmpilya nagara meM saMjaya yA jaya nAmaka eka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / ' eka dina vaha senA aura bAhana Adise satrita hokara AkheTa Adike lie nikalA aura ghor3epara ArUr3ha rAjA kesara nAmaka udyAnameM mRgoMkA zikAra karane lagA / isa udyAnameM eka paramatapasvI muni drAkSA aura nAgavallI Adi latAoMke maNDapameM dhyAnastha the| rAjA munike samIpa pahuMcA aura ghor3ese utarakara munirAjake caraNoMmeM 'namo'stu' kara apane aparAdhakI kSamA yAcanA karane lgaa| munirAja kahane lage--" ziva ! tu bhAya hai / gunA aura bhArata utpanna karanA chor3a abhaya denevAle bano aura hiMsAke mArgako chor3o / prANiyoMko durgatimeM le jAnevAlI hiMsA hai| jo vyakti yaha loka aura paralokake sukhako kAmanA karatA hai use hiMsAkA tyAga kara denA cAhie / strI, putra, mitra, dhana, dhAnya Adi padArtha kSaNavidhvaMsI haiM 1 jo AtmotthAnakA icchuka hai vaha saMsArake viSaya-sukhoMmeM Asakta nahIM rhtaa| ataeva he rAjan ! Apako yAtmakalyANake liye pravRtta honA caahie|" saMjaya tIrthakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM praviSTa huA aura yahA~ usane nimranthadIkSA grahaNa kii| iso nagarakA kuNDakolI bhI apanI patnI sahita mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM dharmasAdhanameM pravRtta huaa| kAmpilya nagarIke jana-samudAyane vahe bhakti-bhAvake sAtha tIthaMkara mahAvIrakA abhinandana kiyA aura unake prati apAra bhakti pradarzita ko| ahicchatrAmeM bhI tIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa pahuMcA thA aura vahA~ke nivAsiyoMne dharmAmRtakA pAnakara apaneko kRtArtha mAnA thaa| sambhavataH paMjAbameM hI gAndhAradezakI rAjadhAnI takSazilA bhI bhagavAn mahAvIrake samavazaraNase pavitra huI thii| yahA~ke nikaTameM koTerA grAmake pAsa eka pahAr3opara tIrthakara mahAvIrake zubhAgamanako sUcita karanevAlA eka dhvasta mandira avaziSTa hai / jena sAhityameM paMcAlako gaNanA solaha janapadoMmeM kI gayI hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki tIrthakara mahAvorake samavazaraNase paMcAlake sabhI nagara pavitra hue haiN| 1. tIrthakara mahAvIra, bhAga 2, pR0 660; pravaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, prathama saMskaraNa, pR0 361, tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra, kAmatA prasAda, prathama saMskaraNa, pR. 135. vizeSa jAnane ke lie dekheM-uttarAdhyayana, sukhabopaTIkA, adhyayana 18, 2281, 259 / 2. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 267

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zANa : kzANabhadrakA' ninthatva bhopAla rAjya sahita pUrva mAlava pradeza pahale dazANaM kahalAtA thA / mauryakAlameM isakI rAjadhAnI caitagiri meM aura usake pazcAt vidizA yA bhelasAmeM thii| jana sUtroMmeM isa dezakI gaNanA AryadezoM meM kI gaI hai aura isakI rAjadhAnIkA nAma mRttikAvatI likhA gayA hai| mRttikAvatI vatsabhUmike dakSiNameM prayAgake pArvatIya pradezoMmeM avasthita yo| ___yahA~kA rAjA dazANabhadra thaa| use eka dina carapuruSoMdvArA yaha sUcanA prAsa huI ki phaila jAta; dazArNadura sArthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa AnevAlA hai| carapuruSako bAta sunakara rAjA atyanta prasanna huA aura usane apanI sabhAke samakSa nivedana kiyA-"kala prAtaHkAla meM tIrthakara mahAvIrakI vandanA aisI samRddhise karanA cAhatA hU~ jaisI samRddhise kabhI kisIne na kI ho|" ___ vaha antaHpurameM gayA aura apanI rAniyoMse bhI tIrthakara-vandanAkI bAta karane lgaa| dasArNabhadra rAtribhara tIthaMkara mahAvIrake svAgata ke liye kalpanAe~ karatA rahA / sUryodayase pUrva hI nagarake adhyakSa ko bulAkara nagara sajAnekA Adeza diyaa| nagara aisA sajAyA gayA, jese vaha svargakA eka khaNDa hI ho / rAjAne snAna kiyA, aMgarAga lagAyA, puSpamAlAeM pahanIM, uttamottama vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa kiye aura uttama gajapara savAra hokara tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samadazaraNako ora RddhipUrvaka cala par3A / usakA ahaMkAra dekhakara indrake maname dazArNabhadrake garvaharaNakI icchA vyApta huI / ataH indrane jalamaya eka vimAna bnaayaa| use nAnA prakArake sphaTika maNiyoMse suzobhita kiyA / usa vimAnameM kamala Adi puSpa vikasita the aura nAnAprakArake pakSI kalarava kara rahe the| usa vimAnameM baiThakara indra apane devasamudAyake sAtha samavazaraNakI ora claa| indra atisajjita airAvata hAthIpara baiThakara pRthvIpara pahuMcakara deva-deviyoMke sAtha samavazaraNameM AyA / indra kI isa Rddhiko dekhakara dazArNabhadrake manameM apanI Rddhi-samRddhi kSINa lagane lagI aura usane vastrAbhUSaNa utArakara digambara-dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii|| 1. dasaNNarajjaM muiya, caittANaM muNIcare / dasaNNamaho nikSato, saktraM sakkaNa coilo / / -uttarAdhyayana, zAntyAcArya-TIkA, adhyayana 18, zloka 44, patra 47-2. dazArNabhadro dazArNapuranagaravAsI vizvaMbharAvibhuH yo bhagavantaM mahAbIra dazArNakaranagaranikaTasamayasRtamudyAna-ThANAMgasUtra saTIka, patra 483-2. 268 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparara

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dazArNabhadrako dIkSita hote dekhakara indrane apane parAjayakA anubhava kiyA / bahu dazArNabhadra ke pAsa gayA aura usake tyAga aura vairAgyako punaH punaH prazaMsA karane lagA / dazArNabhadrane tIrthaMkara prabhuke samavazaraNa meM apane mithyAtva aura mohakA dalanakara, samyaktva lAbha kiyA / suma : kaNa-kaNa pulakita vartamAna meM hugalI aura midanApurake bocake pradezako 'suhya' mAnA jAtA hai / yaha ur3IsA kI sImA para phailA huA dakSiNa baMgakA pradeza hai / kucha vidvAn 'dakSiNa baMgako' suma mAnate haiM aura isakI rAjadhAnI tAmraliti batalAte haiM / eka anya mAnyatA ke anusAra hajArIbAga, saMthAla paraganA ke jiloMko gaNanA suhyake antargata hai / vaijayantIkAra sujhako rADhakA hI nAmAntara mAnate haiM / I tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa tAmralipta, rAr3ha aura suhyakI bhUmimeM pahu~cA thA / prAkRta caritakAvyoM meM samudrataTavartI tAmralintimeM samavakAraNake pahu~canekA nirdeza AyA hai / mahAvIrake dharmopadeza yahA~kI bhUmikA kaNa-kaNa vyAnandase vibhora thA | prajA darzana ke lie nadI nAloMke samAna umar3akara jA rahI thI | mahAvIra dharmakA svarUpa pratipAdita kara rahe the aura janatA utsuka hokara dharmAmRta pAna kara rahI thii| vizvabandhutva aura vizvamaitrIkA upadeza sabhIko prabhAvita kara rahA thaa| isa dharatokI mAnasika aura sAMskRtika patA samApta ho rahI thI / svastha cintanako sumadhura aura surabhita vAyu lokajIvanako Anandita kara rahI thii| suhya dezako bhUmi Aja kRtArtha ho gayI thI, usakA kaNa-kaNa pulakita thA / vyasmaka potanapura : prasannacandra kI dIkSA asmaka dezako rAjadhAnI potanapura thI / bauddha granthoMmeM bhI pota nagarako assakakI rAjadhAnI batAyA gayA hai| jAtaka-granthoMse jJAta hotA hai ki pahale assaka aura dantapurake rAjAoM meM paraspara yuddha huA karatA thA / yaha potana kabhI kAzIrAjyakA aMga bhI raha cukA thaa| vartamAna paiThanakI pahacAna potanase kI jAtI hai| sAtavAhanako rAjadhAnI pratiSThAna yahI potanapura hai / eka bAra mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa vihAra karatA huA potanapura nagarameM padhArA | isa nagara ke bAhara manorama nAmaka udyAna meM dharmapariSad ekatra huI 1 samavazaraNake AnekA samAcAra prApta karate hI potanapuranareza prasannacandra ra tatkAla 1. jyAgaraMkI A~ca mala buddhijma, pR0 21. 2. triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita, parva 10 sarga 9. padma 21-50. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 269

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tIrthakarako vandanAke lie cala diyA / yahA~ vaha mahAvIrako dezanAse atyadhika prabhAvita huA aura usake rAga-dveSa vibhAjita hone lage / usake hRdaya meM vibhinna prakArako anubhUtiyoMkA saMgharSa ho rahA thA / kabhI vaha apane vizAla rAjyako ora socatA aura apane uttarAdhikArIko alpavayakA cintanakara mohAbhibhUta ho jAtA ! 'mere dvArA dIkSA grahaNa kara lenepara itane vizAla sAmrAjyakA saMcAlana kaise ho ? abhI merA tumasoTA hai, pariyoM ke Upara itane bar3e rAjyakA dAyitva sauMpa denA ucita nahIM hai|' ata: usake dIkSAke bhAvoMpara mohake payodhara AcchAdita ho jAte / kucha kSaNake pazcAt vaha sAMsArika sambandhoM, asthiratAoM, vAsanA-janya vikRtiyoM aura jagatke prapaJcoMke viSayoM meM socatA, to usakA hRdaya vikise paripUrNa ho jaataa| saMsArake sabhI saMyogIbhAva use kaSTakara pratIta hone lagate / zubha pariNAmoMkI tIvratA aura sadhanatAne usake mithyAtvabhAvako galA diyA aura samyaktvake sUryodayane AtmAko alokita kara diyA / ataH usane digambara-dIkSA dhAraNa karanekA nizcaya kiyaa| dvAdaza anuprekSAoMke cintanase pariNAmoMmeM nirmalatA bar3hatI jAtI aura vaha Arambha evaM parigrahakA tyAga karaneke lie kRta-saMkalpa hotA jAtA / phalataH samasta vastroMkA tyAgakara kezalumcana karaneke lie vaha pravRtta huA / paJcamuSTI keza-luca karate hI manako granthiyA~ khula gyiiN| rAjA prasannacandrakA cAroM ora jayaghoSa sunAyI par3a rahA thA / indrabhUti gautama gaNadharake tattvAvadhAna meM aura antima tIrthaMkara mahAvorake pAdamUlameM sampanna yaha dIkSA sabhIko carcAkA viSaya tho| prasannacandrane apane alpa-vayaska putrako pradhAna amAtyake saMrakSaNa meM rAjyabhAra sauMpa diyA / prasannacandra dIkSita hokara mahAborake saMghameM ugra tapazcaraNa karane lgaa| eka dina samavazaraNameM zreNikane prasannacandrake sambandhameM prazna kiyA / indrabhUtine prasannacandra ke parivArakI kathA sunaayii| kAlakramAnusAra prasannacandrane kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| kekayAcajanapada-zvetAmbikA : pradezokA moha-pranthi-bhedana / ___ jaina granthoM meM pratipAdita sAr3he paccIsa AryadezoMmeM isakI gaNanA kI gaI hai| kekayagajyakA upaniveza honeke kAraNa yaha kekayArddha kahalAtA thaa| 1. pariziSTa parSa, yAkobI-sampAdita dvitIya, saMskaraNa, sarga 1, padma 12-128. 270 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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tAmbikA isa janapadakI rAjadhAnI thii| isake IzAna koNa meM nandanavanake samAna mRgavana nAmaka udyAna thA / yahA~kA rAjA pradezI' adhArmika, nAstika aura adharmAnukUla AcaraNa karanevAlA thA / usake zIla- AcAra meM dharmakA kiJcinmAtra bhI sthAna nahIM thA / eka dina pradezIkA sAkSAtkAra pAvapatya kezIkumAra se huA / kezIkumArane ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigrahasambandhI vicAroMkA mahattva batalAte hue pradezIko Astika banAnekA prayAsa kiyaa| pradezI kezokumArake AcAra-sambandhI vicAroMse atyadhika prabhAvita huA aura use mAnava jIvana ke rahasyakA bodha ho gayA / jIvanamUlyAMkI pahacAna use prApta ho gayI / pradezIne yaha anubhava kara liyA ki bhautika zarIrase jJAna-darzanarUpa AtmA bhinna hai - AtmA deha yA paJcabhUtarUpa nahIM haiN| jo pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyurUpa caturbhUtase AtmAko utpanna mAnate haiM, ve ajJAnI haiM - Atma-svarUpake bodhase rahita haiM / pradezIne apanI zaMkAkA samAdhAna karaneke lie kezose prazna kiyA- "mere pitA nirdayI the aura marakara naraka gaye, jahA~ vaha duHkha bhoga rahe haiM, phira vaha una duHkhoMse bacane ke lie mujhe kyoM sambodhita nahIM karate ?" kezIkumAra - " rAjA aparAdhIko daNDa detA hai, usa daNDako bhogate samaya jaise aparAdhI apane putra kalatra ke pAsa nahIM jA sakatA, usI prakAra nArakI jIva apane azubha kRtyoMkA phala bhogate samaya vahAMse taba taka nahIM nikala sakatA hai, jaba taka sampUrNa kamakA phala bhoga nahIM letA / " pradezI -- "acchA yaha mAna liyA, para yaha batalAiye ki merI dharmAtmA dAdI svarga gayI haiM, vaha mujhe sambodhita karane kyoM nahIM AtI ?" kezI - " jo manuSya devadarzanake lie zuddha hokara mandira gayA hai, vaha azuddhike bhaya se dUsare kAmake lie bulAye jAnepara bhI nahIM AtA / devagatike jIva zuddha hai, unheM manuSyagatikI azucitA asahya hai| ataH uparyukta bhaktake samAna ve nahIM aate| para jina jIvoMkA pArasparika moha prabala hotA hai aura ve iSTamitroMkA upacAra karanA cAhate haiM, ve kaSTa sahakara bhI Ate haiM / AgamagranthoM meM isa prakAra ke udAharaNa milate haiN| sItAjIkA jIva apane eka bandhuko sambodhita karane ke lie naraka gayA thA / " pradezIko jijJAsA abhI bhI zAnta nahIM huii| usake manameM AtmAke astitva sambandha meM abhI bhI AzaMkA avaziSTa thI / ataH vaha kahane lagA 1. paesikahA, rAyapaseNI saTIka, patra 273. - tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 271

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'eka maranevAle vyaktiko sandUka meM banda kara diyA jAtA hai tathA sandukako bhI cAroM orase isa prakAra banda kara diyA jAtA hai, jisase usameM havA bhI nahI jAtI / para marate samaya vaha AtmA na to sandukake bhItara dikhalAyI par3atI hai aura na kahIM bAhara ho / yadi AtmA hai, to use avazya dikhanA caahie|" __kezI-"rAjan ! bhavanake bhItara saba daravAjoM aura khir3akiyoMko banda karake jaba saMgItako madhuradhvani Arambha hoto hai, taba use bhavanake bAhara nikalate hue koI nahIM dekhatA, para vaha nikalakara zrotAoMke kAnoMse TakarAtI hai aura unheM AhalAdita karatI hai| sUkSma zabda to podgalika haiM, phira bhI netroMse nahIM dikhate / ava vicAra kIjie ki arUpI yaha AtmA netroMse kisa sakAra vikasapI Demo ?' pradezokI jijJAsA abhI zAnta nahIM huI thI / ataH vaha punaH prazna karatA huA kahane lagA-"manuSya-zarIrake Tukar3e-Tukar3e karake unheM eka aise sandUkameM bhara diyA jAya, jisameM koI dUsarI vastu praveza na kara ske| yahA~para zarIrake ve Tukar3e sar3a jAte haiM aura unameM kIr3e utpanna ho jAte haiN| aba prazna yaha hai ki jIva yahA~para kahA~se AtA hai ?" kezI-"rAjan ! jaba AtmA nikalate hue mahIM dikhalAyI par3atI to praveza karate hue kisa prakAra dikhalAgI par3ego ? amUttika AtmAkA darzana nahIM hotA, anubhUti hotI hai|" isa prakAra kezIkumArane pradezoko AtmAke astitvakA bodha karAyA aura usake pariNAmoMmeM parivartana kiyaa| grAmAnugrAma vihAra karatA huA tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa kaikeyI'. ko rAjadhAnI zvetAmbikAmeM AyA / pradezI parijana-purajana sahita mahAvIrakI vandanAke lie gyaa| bhagavAnakI divyacani prArambha haI, sabhI zrItA dharmazravaNakara Anandita ho rahe the| avasara prAptakara prazna kiyA-"saMsArakA kAraNa kyA hai ? aura mukti kisa prakAra prApta kI jAtI hai ? lokake prANI kisa prakAra sukhI hote haiM ?" indrabhUti gaNadharake nimittase dharmako pratipAdita karate hue tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane kahA-"SaT dravyoM se jIva aura pudgala dravyameM do prakArako pariNamana zaktiyA~ haiM--(1) svabhAva aura (2) vibhAva / zeSa dravyoMkA pariNamana svabhAva ___ kaikayoya"harivaMzapurANa 35 272 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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I rUpa hI hotA hai|' ye donoM dravya vibhAvarUpa pariNamana karaneke kAraNa anAdi kA use sambaddha haiM / zarIrameM baMdhA huA jova zubhAzubha karma kara rahA hai / jIvane pUrva janmameM karma kiye haiM aura isa janma meM bhI karma saMcita kara rahA hai / ina saMcita karmoM ke zubhAzubha phalako bhogatA huA jIva sukha-duHkhI hotA hai| yadi vratopavAsa, saMyama, tapasyA Adike dvArA ina karmokI nirjarA kara le, to zarIrabandhanase mukta huA jA sakatA hai / mana, vacana, kAya dvArA Asrava nirodhakara saMvarakA pAlana kiyA jAya, to navIna kamakA bandhana nahIM hotA aura tapasyAse saMcita kamakA nAza ho jAnepara bhavabhramaNakA anta ho jAtA hai / nissandeha karmakSayase hI duHkhakSaya hotA hai / " tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta para AdhUta upadezane anya zrotAoM ke sAtha rAjA pradezIko bahuta prabhAvita kiyA / isa sandarbha meM saptatattva, navapadArtha, paJcAstikAya, chaH dravya, cAra kaSAya aura aSTakamauke svarUpako samajhA / Atma-pariNati ke nirmala hote hI pradezIke rAga-dveSa gala gaye, usakI AtmA Aloka ApUrita ho gayI aura usane munidIkSA dhAraNa kara lI / kurudeza - hastinApura zivarAjavi dravIbhUsa hastinApurakI avasthiti meraThase 22 mIla pUrvottara aura bijanaurase nairRtyameM bUr3hI gaMgAke dakSiNa taTapara mAnI jAtI hai| isa nagara ke bAhara uttara-pUrva dizAmeM sahasrAmravana nAmakA udyAna thA / vaha udyAna saba RtuoMke phala-puSpoMse samRddha thA aura nandanavana ke samAna ramaNIya thA / usa samaya hastinApurameM ziva nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thA / isakI paTTarAnIkA nAma dhAriNI thA / isa dampatike zivabhadra nAmaka putra thA / eka dina rAjAke manameM rAtrike pichale prahara meM vicAra AyA ki hamAre pAsa jo vipula dhanasampatti hai, vaha saba pUrvApAjita puNyakA phala hai| ataH punaH puNyArjana ke lie prayatna karanA caahie| apane ukta vicArako kAryarUpameM pariNata karane ke uddezyase usane apane putra zivabhadrako rAjyapadapara pratiSThita kara diyA aura svayaM tApasa dIkSA lekara gaMgAtaTapara vratopavAsa karanA Arambha kiyA | zivarAja ne ghora tapazcaraNa kiyA aura dikcakravAla tapake prabhAvase usane vibhaMgAvadhi prApta kiyaa| use apane isa kuavadhike kAraNa adhikAMza vastueM viparIta dikhalAyI par3ane lgiiN| use sAta dvIpa aura sAta samudra dikhalAyI par3ane lage / 18 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 273

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tIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa hastinApurake nikaTavartI sahasAmrayanameM phuNcaa| samavazaraNake prabhAvase isa AmravanakA sondarya kaI gunA bar3ha gayA / samavazaraNasabhAko carcA samasta phurudezameM vyApta ho gyii| nara-nAriyA~ vibhinna prakArakI keza-bhUSAmeM sajakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa meM sammilita huI / svArthI, bhogI, uttaLa gvala puruSa apanI vibhi-lAlasAoMse vivaza hokara isa dharmasabhAmeM sammilita na ho sake, para cibhinna dizAoM aura vidizAoMse agaNita nara-nArI dharma-pravacanake zravaNake liye ekatra hue| samavazaraNa harita-zyAma varNakI maNiyoMse suzobhita thA aura sthAna-sthAnapara maNi-muktAoMke jhAlaratoraNa lage the| udyAnako upatyakAmeM vibhinna prakArake pakSI kalarava kara rahe the| vibhinna sarovaroMmeM kamala vikasita the aura maMgalavAdyoMkI uchAhArI rAganiyoMse vizAla udyAna-prAnta gujita thaa| toraNa, dvAra, gopura, maNDapa aura vedikAoMse taTabhUmi ramaNIya thiiN| jaba dezanA Arambha huI, to kisIne prazna kiyA--"prabho! zivarAjapi isa loka meM sAta hI dvIpa aura sAta hI samadra batalAtA hai| kyA unakA yaha kathana satya hai ?" __mahAvIrane kahA-' gautama ! isa tiryak loka meM ravayaMbhUramaNa samudra paryanta asaMkhyAta dvIpa aura samudra hai| zintrakA ukta kathana satya nahIM hai / " ___ AjakI divyadhvanikA viSaya loka-varNana thA / lokakA svarUpa, vistAra, dvopa, samudra, kSetra Adike sambandhameM upadeza ho rahA thaa| jaba zivarAjarSiko tIrthakarake upadezakA parijJAna hayA, to usakA vibhaMgajJAna naSTa ho gayA aura vaha socane lagA ki kAya-kaTeza sahanakara maiMne jo puNyArjana kiyA hai, vaha to saMsAra paribhramaNakA hI kAraNa hai| rAga-dveSakI nivRttike binA janma-maraNake duHkhose chuTakArA prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaha jitanA adhika apanA AtmAlocana karatA, utanA hI usakI AtmA meM prakAza phailatA jaataa| rAzi-rAzi saundarya usake caraNoM ke samakSa vidyamAna thA / ataeva baha tIrthakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM Akara jima-dIkSA dhAraNa karanA cAhatA thaa| mohakA paradA haTate ho, usakI AtmA dravIbhUta ho gyii| mithyAtvakA paMka ghula gayA aura samyaktvako jyoti prajvalita ho gyii| zivarAjarSine trivAra 'namostu' kiyA aura gautama gaNadharake nikaTa baiThakara apanI zraddhA aura bhakti prakaTa kI / usakI AtmAse jJAna aura darzanako kiraNe niHsRta hone lgii| usane anubhava kiyA ki karmAvaraNako saghanatA chUTa rahI hai aura AdhyAtmika anubhUti bar3hatI jA rahI hai| samyaktvake sAtha samyaka viveka bhI utpanna ho gayA hai aura AtmA cAritra grahaNa karaneke liye utsuka hai| 274 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-garampaga

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zivarAjarSine indrabhuti gautamase nivedana kiyA--"svAmin ! ajJAnatApUrvaka to maiMne bahuta tapa kiyA hai, para aba maiM jJAnapUrvaka tIrthakara mahAvIrakI zaraNameM rahakara saMyama aura tapako ArAdhanA karanA cAhatA huuN| kRpayA mujhe nirgrantha munike vrata diijie|" zivarAjaSine paMcamuSTi loMcakara digambara-dIkSA grahaNa kii|' purimatAla : mahAbalakA'-vandana prayAgakA hI prAcIna nAma purimatAla batalAyA jAtA hai| jaina granyoMke AdhArapara yaha ayodhyAkA eka zAkhAnagara rahA hogaa| yaha niHsandeha hai ki purimatAla prAcIna nagara thaa| isa nagarake zakaTamukha udyAnameM bamgura zrAvakane tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI arcA kI thii| purimatAlake amoghadarzI udyAna meM tIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa AyA huA thA / bhavya nara-nArI isa samavazaraNameM sammilita hokara dharmAmRta kA pAna kara rahe the| jaba isa nagarake nRpati mahAbalako tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNake padhAranekI sUcanA prApta huI, to vaha bhI apane dala-bala sahita vandanAke liye claa| jaba vaha samavazaraNameM praviSTa huA, to use vijayacaura senApatike putra abhagnasenake pUrva bhavoMkA varNana sunAyI par3A / isa pUrva bhavAvaliko sunakara mahAbala prabhAvita huA aura use saMsAra, zarIra evaM bhavoMse virati hone lgii| para usake manameM rAjya saMcAlanako AkAMkSA avaziSTa thii| ataH dhArmika pravRttike rahate hae bhI, vaha tIrthakara mahAvIrakI kevala vandanA kara nagarameM lauTa AyA / mahAbala apane samayakA prasiddha zAsaka thA aura tIrthakara mahAvIrake prati apAra zraddhA rakhatA thA / baLamAnapura : vijayamitrakA dharmazravaNa varddhamAnapurakI sthiti Adhunika baMgAla meM honI caahiye| yadi isakA sambandha Adhunika vardavAna nagarase jor3A jAya, to Azcarya nahIM | isa nagarake bAhara vijayavarddhana nAmaka udyAna thA / yahA~ maNibhadra yakSakA vizAla mandira 1. samaNegaM bhagavasA mahAvIreNaM aTTha rAyANo muMhe bhavettA AgArAto aNagArisa pavAvitA, taM0-bIraMgaya, saMjaya eNijjate ya raayriNsii| seya sive udAsaNe [ taha saMkhe kAsiMvaddhaNe ]-sthAnAMgasana, saTIka, sthAna 8, sUtra 621 patra ( utta rAI ) 430-2. 2. vipAkasUtra (pI0 ela0 vaidya dvArA sammAdita) sU0 1, 40 3. pa. 26-27, tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 275

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thA / isa nagarameM vijayamitra' nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / sIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa grAmAnugnAma vihAra karate hue vardamAnapurameM aayaa| anya janatAke samAna vijayamitra bhI tIrthakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNameM dharmazravaNa karane ke lie gyaa| yahAM usane dekhA ki vizvakalyANake hetu tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA dharma-pravacana ho rahA hai / vaha manoyogapUrvaka unake upadezako sunatA rhaa| use tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA vyaktitva vikasita puSpake saurabhake samAna pratIta huA aura aisA lagA ki cAroM orakA vAtAvaraNa surabhita ho rahA hai| saralatA, satyaniSThA, saMyama, indriya-nigraha Adi jIvanamUlya vividha prakArase jIvanako prerita kara rahe the| vaha tIrthakarakI vANIse bhakti-vibhora ho gayA aura vinayapUrvaka unakI vandanA kI / vArANasI : jitazatrukA namana prAcIna samayameM kAzIrASTra atyanta prasiddha thaa| isa rASTrakI rAjadhAnI vArANasI nagarI thii| isake bAhara koSThaka nAmaka caitya thaa| yahAM kaI bAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa AyA / yahA~ke tatkAlIna rAjAkA nAma jitasatra thaa| isa nagarIke calanI pitA aura sUrAdeva nAmaka dhanADhaya gahastha mahAvIrake daza zramaNopAsakoMmeM the| yahA~ke rAjA lakSako kAmamahAvana caityameM sIrthakara mahAvIrane apanA ziSya banAyA thaa| tIrthakara mahAvIrake samavazaraNakA samAcAra avagatakara jitazatru unakI vandanAke liye pahuMcA aura usane atyanta bhakti-bhAva-vibhora hokara unakI ardhA kii| phAkandI : panya evaM sunakSatrakA moha chinna kAphando uttara bhAratakI prAcIna aura prasiddha nagarI thii| yaha nUnakhAra sTezanase do mIla aura gorakhapurase dakSiNapUrva tIsa mIla kiSkindhA athavA khukhumdaka nAmase prasiddha hai| 1. vipAkasUtra, pI0 ela0 vaidya-sampAdita, 10 1,010, pR072. 2-3. vArANasI nAma nagarI .......... jiyasasU rAyA |-uvaattgdsaao, pI0 ela0 vaMdyasampAdita, pR. 32, 4. zravaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra, muni kalyANavijaya, pR0 361. karagandI nAmaM nayarI hotyA ..."jiyasattU raayaa| -aNuttarovavArayadasAmo, ena. bI. vaMdha sampAvita, pR0 51. 276 : tIbhaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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batAyA jAtA hai ki kAkandIke bAhara sahasrAmravana nAmaka udyAna thA / isa udyAnameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa ekAvika bAra AyA thaa| rAjA jitazatrane bhakti-bhAvase tIrthakarakI vandanA kI thii| jaba samavazaraNameM gRhasthadharmakA varNana kiyA jA rahA thA, taba kSemaka aura dhRtigharane indrabhUti gautama gaNadharase zrAvakake dvAdaza nata grahaNa kiye the| jisa samaya toyaMkara mahAvIra Atma-dharmakA pravacana kara rahe the aura kaSAya evaM vikAroMko para-saMyogajanya honeke kAraNa heya batalA rahe the, usa samaya bhadrA sArthavAhIke putra dhanya aura sunakSatra bahuta prabhAvita hue| ve socane lage ki "AtmA apane svarUpakA anubhava, parijJAna aura zuddhAcaraNa na kara zarIra, ghana, sampatti, parivAra, mitra Adi padArthoMko apanA samajha unase rAga-moha karatI hai| rAga-moha aura dveSake kAraNa hI saMsArakA sArA jaMjAla jIvake samakSa upasthita hotA hai / ataeva rAga-yAnaH 2. saH parsanarUpa caitanya AtmAkI anubhUti karanA hI AtmahitakA sAdhana hai / " - dhanya aura sunakSatrane Atma-prakAza prAptakara indrabhUti gautamase digambaradIkSA grahaNa karanekI abhilASA prakaTa kii| vAstavika virakti avagatakara gautama gaNadharane ina donoMko digambara-pravajyA pradAna kI 1 tIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa bambaIke bharuca nagarameM bhI gayA aura yahA~ kA tatkAlIna rAjA vasupAla adhika prabhAvita huaa| nagaraseTha jinadatta sapA usakI patnI jinadattA evaM putrI nIlIne zrAvakake vrata grahaNa kiye| sindhu-sauvIra : udAyanakA samyaktva-roSa jaina Agama-granthoMmeM sAr3he paccIsa dezoMmeM sindhu-sauvIrakA nAma bhI sammilita hai |mhaaviirke samayameM yaha eka saMyukta rAjya thA, para bAdameM sindhu-sindhake nAmase aura sauvIra pRthak nAmase prayukta hone lagA / bhAratIya sAhityameM sindhusauvIrakA vizeSa mahattva dikhalAyI nahIM pdd'taa| boddhAyanameM sindhu sauvIrako aspRzya deza kahA gayA hai aura vahAM jAnevAle brAhmaNako punaH saMskArake yogya batAyA hai / bauddha sAhityameM gAndhAra aura kamboja rAjyoMke ullekha to haiM, para sindhu-sovorake nhiiN| 1. se gaM udAyage rAyA siMdhusovIrappamokkhANaM solasaNThaM jaNaSayANaM bItIbhayappAmo khANaM tiNiM tesaTThINaM nArAgarasayAgaM sahaseNAppamoktArNa dasamhaMrAiNaM samayagANaM-bhagavatIsUtra saTIka, zataka 13, uddesa 6, patra 1135. sIkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 274

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tIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa isa janapadameM AyA thaa| usa samaya isa janapadakA rAjA udAyana thA aura isakI rAnI prabhAvatI mahAraja ceTakakI putrI thii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake upadezoMse udAyana bahuta prabhAvita huA aura vaha unakA bhakta bana gyaa| usane mahAvIrake jIvanakAlameM hI unakA mandira banavA kara candanakI pratimA sthApita kI thI aura ve donoM hI usa pratimAkI pUjA kiyA karate the| isa atizayapUrNa pratimAke camatkAroMko sunakara ujjayino-nareza mahArAja caNDapradyotane use corIse apane yahA~ maMgA liyaa| udAyanane mUrtiko vApasa karane ke liye kahA, para caNDapradyotane mata lauTAnese inakAra kara diyA / udA. yana vizAla senA lekara usase lar3ane gayA / ghamAsAna yuddha huaa| caNDapradyotako bandI banAkara kArAgRhameM banda kara diyA aura tIrthakara mahAvIrakI usa candanakI pratimAko sinchake mandirameM pratiSThita kara diyA gyaa| udAyana samyakdRSTi zrAvaka thA aura usakI rAnI prabhAvatI bhI dharmazraddhAlu thii| kisI parvake avasarapara rAnI prabhAvatIke kahanase udAyanane caNDapradyotako kArAgRhase mukta kiyA aura use usakA rAjya bhI vApasa kara diyA / ___ mahAvIraphA samavazaraNa jaba sindhameM AyA, to mahArAja udAyana aura rAnI prabhAvatI isa samavazaraNameM prasannatApUrvaka sammilita hue| unake dharmopadezase prabhAvita hokara udAyana aura prabhAvatIne zramaNavrata grahaNa kara liyaa| rAjA udAyana digambara muni bana gayA aura prabhAvatI AryikA / kusAdhya harivaMzapurANameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samavazaraNa-vihArakA nirdeza karate hue kusandhya dezakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isI purANa meM eka kuzodaya deza bhI pAyA hai, jisakI rAjadhAnI zoryapUra thii| Ajakala yaha sthAna AgarA jileke baTezvarake antargata hai| sambhava hai kusadya aura kusandhya deza eka hI haiN| zauryapura aura kAnyakubjake madhyameM zaMkAsA (zaMkAsthA) nagarI hai| yaha pharrukhAbAda jilemeM par3atI hai| aisA anumAna hotA hai ki yaha samasta pradeza kusadya yA kusandhyake nAmase prasiddha rahA hai| saMkSepameM AgarAse kannauja taka phailA huA pradeza kusandhya yA kusadha hai| 1. udAyaNassa raglo mahAdevI ceTagarAmadhUyA samaNovAsiyA pabhAvaI / -uttarAdhyayana, nemicandrAcAryako TIkA sahita, patra 253--1. 2. dIra, varSa 9, 10 113-115. 278 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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azvaSTa isa nAmase sAdRzya rakhanevAle do sthAna upalabdha haiM :-(1) azvaka aura (2) aSThakana / azvaka pradeza pazcimottara sImAprAntase pare kAbula nadIke uttarabhAgameM sthita thaa| yUnAniyoMne ise-'Aspasioi' nAmase batAyA hai|' __ azvaSTase azvakakA sAdRzya adhika hai / aSTakaprakA ullekha TolamIne kiyA hai, jo hastakavaprakA apabhraMza hai / yaha gujarAtameM thA / isa pradezake sambandhameM nizcita rUpase koI jAnakArI nahIM hai / dakSiNa bhAratake rAjAoMmeM sAluba nAmaka eka rAjavaMzakA ullekha milatA hai / sAlvamalla jinadAsa tulabadezapara zAsana karate the| dakSiNake eka abhilekhameM batAyA gayA hai ki sAluba rAjA pUrvI pradezase vahA~ Aye the / ata: sAlba dezako sthiti dakSiNa bhAratameM kahIM sambhava hai| vigata AcArya hemacandrane abhidhAnacintAmaNimeM vigatakA ullekha jAlandharake sAtha kiyA hai / rAvI, vyAsa aura satalaja nadiyoMkA madhyavartI pradeza vigata kahalAtA thaa| isake jAlandhara aura koTakAMgar3A pramukha nagara the| pATalcara nizcita rUpase isa nagarake sambandhameM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yanAniyoMne pATalinake nAmase sindhukA ullekha kiyA hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki pATaccara sindhukA pArzvavartI pradeza ho / mauka kanighamane paMjAbameM jalAlapurake pAsa rAjA mogha dvArA sthApita mogakA nirdeza kiyA hai| yadi yaha moga hI mauka ho, to jalAlapurake pAsa isakI sthiti mAnI jA sakatI hai| 1. kaniSama : aizienTa dhaumAphI oNpha inDiyA, pR0 667. 2. kaniMghama : Ancient Geography of India, Fage 699. 3. Jainism and Karnataka culture (Dharwar). Page 52. 4. Mysore and Kurga, Page 152-53. 5. kaniMghama-aizieMTa jAgaraphI mA~va iNDiyA, pu. 682. 6. jainasidhAnta-bhAskara, bhAga 12, kiraNa 1, pR0 20. 7. vahI, 10 20. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 249

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kamboja yaha gAndhArakA pAzrvavartI pradeza thaa|aajkl kaMdhArake nikaTavatIM pradezako kamboja mAnA jAtA hai| azokake paJcama abhilekhameM batAyA gayA hai ki usane apane dharmamahAmAtyoMko yavana aura kAmboja logAMke sAtha-sAtha gandhAra-nivAsiyoMke pradezameM bhI niyukta kiyA thaa| yaha janapada gandhArase lagA huA, saMbhavataH usake pazcimakA pradeza thaa| DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjIne ise kAbula nadIke taTapara sthita pradeza mAnA hai| para vastuta: ise bilocistAnase lagA IrAnakA pradeza mAnanA hI adhika ucita hai / bauddha sAhityase avagata hotA hai ki yavana aura kamboja meM Arya aura dAsa do hI varNa the / DaoN0 motIcandranaM kambojako pAmIra pradeza mAnakara dvArakAko Adhanika daravAja nAmaka nagarase milAyA hai, jo badakhazAMke uttara meM sthita hai| jAtakakathAoMmeM kambojaka sundara ghor3oMkA ullekha AyA hai| vAlhIka isa janapadakI avasthiti ke sambandhameM do mata haiM:-(1) kucha vidvAna isakI avasthiti uttarApathameM aura kucha (2) vaikaTiyana dezakI rAjadhAnI valakhake rUpameM svIkAra karate haiN| pANinike "vAhIkanAmebhyazya" (4 / 2 / 117) tathA "AyudhajIvisaMghAcyaDvAhIkezvabrAhmaNarAjanyAt" (536114) meM vAhIka janapadakA ullekha AyA hai / ise bhASyakAra pataJjali paMjAbameM sthita mAnate haiN| isakI avasthiti vyAsa aura satalaja nadiyoM ke bIca nizcita kI gayI hai / isa vAhIka rASTrako zatapatha brAhmaNameM (12 / 9 / 3 / 1-3) vAlhIka kahA gayA hai| vAlhIka loga mUlataH vaikTriyAkI rAjadhAnI valakhake nivAsI the tathA bhAratameM cinAva aura satalaja nadiyoMke bIcake maidAna meM basa gaye the| mahAbhAratake sabhAparvameM bhI vAlhIka logoMkA varNana AyA hai aura unake pradezako bhI mUlataH balakha aura bAdameM bhArata ke uttara-pazcima bhAga tathA paMjAbako mAnA hai / kucha vicAraka vAlhIkako aphagAnistAnake uttarameM batalAte haiN| pAli sAhityameM vAyi rASTrakA jo varNana AtA hai, usakI dRSTise isa rASTrako vyAsa aura satalaja nadiyoM ke bIca pradeza taka sImita nahIM rakha sakate / isa varNanase yaha rASTra sindhu nadIke isa pAra yA usa pAra bhI saMbhava hai| mahAraulIke loha 1. azoka ( gAyakavAr3a lekcarsa ), pR0 168. 2. DaoN. motIcandra : jyogrephokasa eNDa ikonomika sTaDIja ina di mahAmArata, pR. 91. 3. bharatasiMha upAdhyAyaH yuddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola, prayAga saM. 2018, pR0 480. 280 : sIkara mahAvIra aura unakI vAcArya-paramparA

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stambha-lekhameM candradvArA sindhuke sAta muhAnoMko pArakara bAlhIkako jItanakA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| AdipurANameM pratipAdita vAlhIkakI sthitise bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki sindhuke pAra uttara-pazcima mahoza manA rahA hai......... ... .. .. tIpaMkara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa isa janapadameM gayA thA aura yahA~kI janatA. ne unakA udAra hRdayase svAgata kiyA thaa| yavanati yaha pradeza yUnAna aura usake pAyavartI bhUbhAgakA dyotaka hai / yUnAnI loga prAcIna bhArata meM 'pavana' nAmase ullikhita hote the| pazcimI bhAgoMmeM yavana janapadakI sthiti sambhava hai / yoM to 'yavana' zabdakA prayoga Adhunika yUnAnake lie pAyA jAtA hai| mahAbhAratameM batAyA gayA hai ki nandinIne yonidezase yavanoMko prakaTa kiyA tathA usake pAzvaMbhAgameM yavana jAtikI utpatti huii| karNane digvijayake samaya pazcimameM yavanoMko jItA thaa| kAmbojarAja sudakSiNa yavanoMke sAtha eka akSauhiNI senAke lie duryodhanake pAsa AyA thaa| ___ yavana bhAratIya janapada hai / yavana pahale kSatriya the, parantu brAhmaNose dveSa rakhane ke kAraNa zUdrabhAvako prApta ho gaye the| AdipurANameM jinasenane (Adipu0 16 / 155) batAyA hai ki tIrthaMkara RSabhadevane yavana dezakI pratiSThA kI thii| harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra mahAnorakA samavazaraNa yavana pradezameM gayA thaa| satya, ahiMsA, brahmacarya aura aparigrahake siddhAntoMkA pratipAdana kiyA gayA thA / isa janapadako janatAne zraddhA aura bhakike sAtha tIrthakara mahAvIrakA upadeza sunA thaa| gAndhAra prAcIna bhAratake solaha janapadoM meM gAndhArakA ullekha AyA hai| isa janapadakA nirdeza azokake paJcama abhilekhameM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / majjhima-nikAyako aTThakathAmeM gAndhAra janapadako sImAnta janapada kahA gayA hai| gAndhArako 1. haoN0 nemicandra zAstrI : AdipurAName pratipAdita bhArata, varNAgamyamAzA, vArANasI, pu0 67. 2. hisTaoNrIkala lIGg-vis, 10 70-78. 3. mahAbhArata, bAdiparva 174536-37. 4. vahI, vanaparva 254 / 18 / 150. 5. vahI, anuvAsana parva 35 / 18 / 152. 1. majimamanikAya, jirupa dUsarI, 10 982 (papaMcasUnI). pIkara mahAdarIra baura unakI dezamA : 281

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sthiti svAta nadIse jhelama nadI taka thii| isa prakAra isa janapadameM pazcimI paMjAba aura pUrvI aphagAnistAna sammilita the / gAndhArakI rAjadhAnI takSazilA nagarI thii| takSazilA zikSA aura vyApAra ina donoM hI dRSTiyoMse mahattvapUrNa thii| jIvavaidya takSazilAkA prasiddha zAsaka thaa| chAndogya upaniSad' aura zatapatha brAhmaNa meM gAndhArakA ullekha AyA hai| ___tIrthakara mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa sindhuse gAndhAra gayA thA aura yahA~kI janatAne unakA svAgata-abhinandana kiyA thaa| vItarAgavANIkA zravaNakara agaNita vyaktiyoMne AtmotthAnakI preraNA prApta kI thii| sUrabhIra ___ yaha samudrataTavartI pradeza thA, jo saMbhavata: 'surabhi' nAmaka dezakA bodhaka hai| yaha surabhi deza madhya eziyAke kSIrasAgara (Caspian sea )ke nikaTa (oxus) oNksa nadIke uttarako ora sthita thaa| Ajakala khIva (khiva) prAMtakA khanata athavA kharisma pradeza hai / harivaMzapurANake varNanAnusAra yahA~ bhI mahAvIrakA samavazaraNa gayA thaa| svAgatoya samudraka kinAre honeke kAraNa athavA samudrase veSTita honese isa janapadakA nAma yaha par3A hogaa| yaha janapada usa samudrake taTapara avasthita thA, jisakA ala kvAtha-kAr3he (aneka auSadhiyoMko jala meM DAlakara garma karanepara hue lAla varNa)ke samAna thaa| bahata sambhava hai ki yaha lAla samudra (Red sca) ke nikaTa rahA hogaa| isa lAla samudrake taTapara abIsIniyA, araba, ithyUpimA Adi deza avasthita haiN| ina pradezoMmeM jainadharmakA pracAra huA thaa| ataH harivaMzapurANameM pratipAdita kvAthatoya lAla samudra (Rcd sea) kA taTavartI pradeza hai| tANaM sambhavataH yaha tUrAnake lie ghyavahRta hai / kArNa harivaMzapurANameM isa janapadako uttara dizAmeM batAyA gayA hai / sambhavataH yaha kAphiristAna hai| --- - - - -- -- 1. chAndogya upaniSad (gItApresa) 6.141118. 2. iNDiyana hisTokala kvAraTI, bhAga 2, pR0 29, 3. bhagavAna pArzvanASa, pR. 173-202. 282 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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karaNAko parama jyoti prajvalita tIrthakara mahAvIra unatIsa varSa, pAca mAha aura bIsa dina taka sapanA dezanA dvArA jana-janako jJAna dete rhe| unakI dezanA sunate hI mithyAtva bhaMga ho jAtA, moha chinna ho jAtA aura hRdayakI samasta gA~The khula jAtIM / unhoMne muni-AyikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoMke sAtha vihAra kiyA / gRhastha, nRpati, rAjakumAra, rAjakumAriyAM, zreSTi, sArthavAha, vidvAna evaM buddhijIvI-vargako pratibodhita kiyA / unako dharmAmRta-varSA kAzI, karmamAra-grAma, kollAga-sagniveza, morAka-sanniveza, nAlandA, campA, zrAvastI, vaizAlI, vipulAcala, vebhAragiri, magarake vibhinna grAma-nagara, kozAmbo, mithilA, videha, paMcAla, baMga, puNDa, tAmralipti, hastinApura, sAketa, mathurA, hemAMgada, kamboja, kusandhya, azvaSTa, zAlva, trigata, bhadrakAra, paTTaccara, mauka, matsya, kanIya, vakArthaka, kuru-jAMgala, kaikeya, Atra ya, vAlhoka, yavana, sindha, gAndhAra, sauvIra, sUrabhAru, daroruka, bAr3avAna, bharadvAja, kvAthatoya, tANa, kArNa evaM pracchAla Adi dezoM aura nagaroMmeM huI thii| __rAjagRha, vipulAcala, vaibhAra, campA, vaizAlI aura nAlandAko to ekAdhika bAra dharmAmRta-zravaNakA avasara prApta huA thaa| mahAvIrane apanI dezanA dvArA loka-hRdayako apUrva divyatA pradAna kI aura jana-janake jJAnacakSa ummIlita kara diye / ajJAnakA sadhana andhakAra samApta ho gayA aura jJAnakA sUryodaya apanI bhAsvara razmiyoMse Aloka pradAna karane lagA 1 rUr3higrasta dharma aura samAjane muktiko sAMsa lI / janatAkA saMdeha aura bhrama samApta ho gyaa| unakA samavazaraNa calatA-phiratA eka vizvavidyAlaya thA, jo spaSTa aura prAJjala jJAna-vijJAnakA prasAra karatA thA | jahAM bhI unakA samavazaraNa jAtA vahA~ karuNA aura maitrIko saritAeM pravAhita hone lagatIM / antarAtmAkA kAluSya dhula jAtA / itihAsako garimA vyaka ho jAtI aura saMskRtipara utpanna hue durAgraha chinna ho jAte / ujjvalatAkI lekhanIse mAnavatAkA itihAsa likhA jAne lagA / ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aparigraha, brahmacarya, samatva, saMyama, maitrI, pArasparika vizvAsa evaM prANImAtrakI samatA anekAntasiddhAntake rUpa meM pratipAdita ho rahe the| unakA loka-kalyANakArI samavazaraNa pUrvokta pradezoMmeM bhramaNakara rAjabhavanase jana-sAmAnyakI jhopar3I taka pahuMca cukA thaa| bhAratakA konAkonA to unake upadezase Alokita huA hI, para IrAna, phArasa, aphagAnistAna, kamboDiyA, araba Adi dezoMkI prajAne bhI unakI upadeza-sudhAkA pAna kiyA thaa| jahA~ bhI tIrthakara mahAvIra pahu~ce, jana-janake hRdayase unake prati zraddhAko mandA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 283

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kinI phUTa par3I / koTi-koTi jana unheM bhagavAn, tIrthakara, puruSottama, sarvana, arhat, jina, svayaMbhU Adi mAnakara apanI zraddhA sumana unake caraNoM meM arpita karate the| nizcayataH tIrthaMkara mahAvIra lokabhASAmeM hisa-misa-priya dezanA dete hue grAma aura nagaroMmeM vicaraNa kara rahe the| unakI divya dezanA uttarase dakSiNa aura pUrvase pazcima ina cAroM dizAoM tathA cAroM ho vidizAoM meM prakAza-puJjakA sRjana kara rahI thI / sabhI ora upadezAmRttakI dhUma thI / yugoMse calI AyI zArIrika aura mAnasika dAsatAse mukti prApta ho rahI thii| dharmake mAmapara pracalita rUr3hiyA~ aura darzanake nAmapara panapate hue durAgraha zAnta ho rahe the| syAvAdamaya yaha divyadhyani vizvadharma aura mAnava-dharmakA aisA rUpa prastuta kara rahI thI, jisakI AvazyakatA mAnavamAtrako thI / ahiMsA aura karuNAkA madhara saMgIta prANimAtrako AhajJAdita aura nirbhaya banA rahA thaa| mAnava sadiyoMse mule hue apane puruSArthako jAgRta kara rahA thaa| jAti-pAtikI jhUThI maryAdAe~ TUTa rahI thIM aura yajJa-yAyAgAdike, bozila karmakANDa samApta ho rahe the| tIrthakara mahAvIrane dharmakI samasta vikRtiyoMko cunautI dI / itanA hI nahIM unhoMne dhArmika jar3attA aura Arthika apavyayako rokane ke liye yajJa-vidhiyoMkA virodha kiyA / manuSyako manuSya ke samIpa baiThAneke liye janmanA varNa-vyavasthA kA virodha kiyA aura gaNa karmake AdhArapara samAja-vyavasthA pracalita kii| sukhapUrvaka zAntikI zvAsa leneke liye anekAntako varNamAlA aura vratoMke AcAra-vicAra prastuta kiye / manuSyako svAvalambI aura svasantra banAneke hetu niyativAda aura IzvaravAda jaise siddhAntoMko samIkSA kii| unhoMne batAyA ki Izvara kahIM bAhara nahIM, vaha pratyeka AramAke bhItara hai, jo apane Apako pahacAna letA hai, vahI Izvara bana jAtA hai / ___ unako divyavanikA madhura saMgIta prANimAtrako apanI ora AkRSTa kara rahA thA aura 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' kA udghoSa bhI janatAke liye sarala-sahaja mArgakA udghATana kara rahA thA / loka-jIvana aura loka-zAsana pAvanatAkA anubhava kara apaneko nirvikAra aura svatantra samajha rahe the / ____ mahAvIra vastutaH prabuddha the, jAgRta the, tIrthakara the aura the pakSapAta evaM kAlimAse rahita / ataH unhoMne apane anekAnta-siddhAnta dvArA janasAke vaiSammako dUra kiyA aura rASTrIyatAko bhAvanAko jAgRta kiyA / inake upadezane vizvazAntiko sambhAvanAoMko sarvAdhika spaSTa kiyaa| inakA upadeza prANi. mAtrake liye hitakArI thA / ahiMsAkA avalambana lekara janasAne antaraMga aura 284 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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bahiraMga zauryakA anubhava kiyaa| jo palAyanavAdI haiN| jIvana-saMgrAmase bhAganevAle haiM, ve ahiMsaka nahIM ho sakate / ahiMsaka nirbhaya hokara jIvanase jUmatA hai| kamiyoMko dUra karatA hai aura banAtA hai sazakta apanI AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyoMko / vaira-virodha, ghRNA, hiMsA Adi patanake kAraNa haiN| inhIM vikAroMse eka vyakti dUsare vyaktikA zatru banatA hai, virodhI banatA hai aura banatA hai samAjakA vighttn-phrtaa| tIrthakara mahAvIrake dharmAmRtane jana-janameM nadhe prANa phUka diye / loka-cetanA. kA kAyAkalpa ho gayA / ahaMkArajanya bheda-bhAvakA visarjana kiyA aura AtmasvarUpako samajhane anubhava karaneke liye naye kSitija udghATita kiye| unakA upadeza prANimAtrake liye samAna rUpase hitakara thaa| unhoMne gAMva-gAMva, nagara-nagara, janapada-janapadakI dharatoke eka-eka kaNako pulakita kiyA / jahA~ bhI lokabhASAmeM unakA pravacana hotA, dambha aura mithyAtva vahA~se lupta ho jAtA thaa| vItarAgatA manake kAluSyako dho DAlatI thii| manake sAre vikAra samApta ho jAte the aura hRdaya pAvanatA evaM namratAse bhara jAtA thA / jJAnAmRtako apUrva varSA mana:-zravaNa aura manaH cakSukA udghATana kara deto thii| unake upadezoMmeM na ADambarakA samAveza thA aura na aupacArikatAkA hii| ve itane sarala, subodha aura hRdayagrAhI the ki jisase vijJa aura avijJa, andha aura badhira, vikasita aura avikasita, Rju aura vakra evaM mAnI aura amAnI sabhI samAna rUpase apane kAluSyako prakSAlita karate the| tI kara mahAvIrake maMgalakArI upadezako prANimAna zraddhApUrvaka natamastaka ho zravaNa karatA thaa| unakI upakArI vANI prANiyoMke hRdayakA sahaja kAluSya dUra karatI thI aura vizvAsa, sahayoga aura sahakAritAkI bhAvanA vRddhiMgata hotI jA rahI thI 1 janatAne sahasrAbdiyoM ke bAda pahalIbAra dharmako vyApaka lokopayogitA zamajho thii| tIrthakara pAzcanAthane jisa ahiMsA-mArgakA nirUpaNa kiyA thA, mahAvIrane usI dharAtala para sthita ho lokamAnasako krAntikA eka abhinava mor3a diyaa| zoSaNa aura vargabhedako pravRtti samApta ho gayI tathA ahiMsA aura saMyamakI aparAjita zaktiyA~ vikasita huii| cAroM ora sarvodayako sambhAvanAe~ spaSTa hone lgiiN| isa prakAra tIrthakara mahAvIrane lagabhaga tIsa varSoM taka dharmAmRtakA varSaNakara tatkAlIna samAjako urvara kiyA / nirvANakI ora mAnava jIvanakA carama lakSya hai nirvANa prApta karanA / AramAko paramAtmA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI vaidhanA : 285

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banA denA / para prazna yaha hai ki manuSya nirvANako prApta kisa prakAra kare ? use apane svarUpakI upalabdhi kaise ho? anuSThAna-vidhAna, tIrtha yAtrA, mandiramUrtiyoMke darzana evaM anya ADambarapUrNa kriyAe~ kyA mana aura AtmAko pariSkRta kara sakatI haiM ? kyA bAhya sAdhana kucha sahAyatA kara sakate haiM? yadi manameM kAluSya ho, AtmA malina ho aura apane svarUpako pahacAna na ho, saba kyA bAhya sAdhanoMse nirvANa prApta ho sakatA hai ? tIrthaMkara mahAvorane batAyA ki yaha AtmA hI kartA aura bhoktA hai / yahI apanA mitra bhI hai aura apanA zatru bhI hai / AtmApara anuzAsana karanese svayaMpara vijaya prApta hotI hai aura jo svayaMpara vijaya prApta karanevAlA hai, vaha sabhI prakArake duHkha-bandhanoMse mukta ho jAtA hai / AdhyAtmika sampadAse sampanna honeko abhilASAse dharma-ruci jAgRta hotI hai aura isa prakArakI rucise sampanna vyakti dharmake vyAvahArika bhedoM, ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, samA-mAdava, Arjava prabhUtiko jIvanameM utAranekI ceSTA karatA hai aura abhyAsaparAyaNa rahakara dhIre-dhIre batI ho jAtA hai| pratoMkA niyama-niSThAse pAlana, unameM zucisA, samyaktva aura AtmodvArakI bhAvanAko utkaTa karanese sahAyatA prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra saMyama aura dharmako agragAmI banAkara AhAra-vihAra, gamana-Asana, mona-bhASaNa Adi samasta kriyA-kalApoMkA nirvahana vyaktiko cAritrake samIpa lAtA hai ! cAritrakA bahiraMga vyavahArarUpa hai aura antaraMga nishcyprph| aba samyaka cAritrakI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai, to zraddhA aura jJAnake samyak rahane ke kAraNa vyakti rAga-dveSa aura mohase chUTa jAtA hai / tIrthakara mahAvIrane athaka tapa, saMyama aura sAdhanAke mArgapara calakara yoga aura kaSAyoMke nirodha dvArA nirvANakI bhUmikA taiyAra kii| nirvANa prApta karanekI ina sor3hiyoMko guNasthAnArohaNa kahA jAtA hai| ye sIr3hiyA~ eka hI dizAko ora iMgita karatI hai-kAmanAoMko jIto, AtmAko niSkaluSa bnaao| tIrthakara mahAvIrane manuSyako UMcA uThAne ke liye, jo kucha kahA, jo kucha kiyA, usameM mana aura AtmAko hI vazameM karanekI preraNA thii| prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki jana-sAmAnya bAhya jagatameM bar3I-bar3I krAntiyA~ karake vizvameM khyAti prApta karatA hai, para antarjagata meM krAntikA zaMkhanAda karanevAlA koI ekAdha hI mahAvIra hotA hai 1 bala, parAkrama aura puruSArtha dikhAkara vIra bana jAnA sarala hai, para indriyoM aura manapara vijaya prApta kara mahAvIra bananA kaThina hai| 286 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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1 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svayaM kAmanAoMse ldd'e| viSaya-vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta kI, hiMsAko parAjita kiyA / asatyako parAbhUta kiyA jAtyabhimAna, vargAbhimAna evaM karmAbhimAnako pIche kI ora pheMkakara nirvANakA pakkA mArga taiyAra kiyA | sAdhanA dvArA unhoMne jo kucha prApta kiyA, use bar3I udAratA sAtha janakalyANake hetu mAnava samAjako de ddaalaa| mAnava hI nahIM, samasta prANIvarga unake dvArA pradatta Aloka meM sukha-zAntikA mArga DhU~r3hane lgaa| mahAvIra svayaM sarvajJa, vItarAgI aura hitopadezI to the hI, para ve samasta prANIvargako apane hI samAna vikAra aura viSayoMke vijetAke rUpameM dekhanA cAhate the ! unake dvArA nirmita nirvANakI sAr3hiyAM prANivagaMke liye sahaja aura sulabha thIM / yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki bhautika kAmanAoM meM ulajhe hue manuSya meM itanA sAmarthya kahA~ ki vaha una sIr3hiyoMkara ArohaNa kara sake / yoM to unakI divya-dezanA prANimAtra ke liye hitakara tho aura prANimAtrako hI sukha aura zAntiko ora iMgita karatI thii| unhoMne spaSTa ghoSaNA kI ki dharma vahI hai, jisameM ahiMsAkA AcaraNa ho, mana, vacana aura kAyakI kiyAe~ ahiMsaka honepara hI dharmakA rUpa grahaNa kara sakatI haiM 1 ahiMsAko sAdhanA titikSA aura saMyama vinA sambhava nahIM hai / ata: jahA~ ahiMsA hai, vahA~ satya, acaurya, brahmacayaM aura aparigraha bhI vidyamAna hai| jo vyakti sAMsArika sukha-samRddhi ke liye athavA pUjA-pratiSThA ke liye dharmAcaraNa karatA hai, vaha ahiMsaka nahIM / dharmAcaraNakA uddezya AtmAkI pavitratA honA caahiye| jisako dRSTimeM samatA aura vicAroMma udAratA samAhita ho gayI hai, vahI vyakti nirvANa mArgakA pathika banatA hai| AtmAkI zuddhi na gA~vameM hotI hai, na nagarameM hotI hai aura na vanameM / isakI zuddhi tabhI hotI haiM, jaba svayaM AtmA apanekA anubhUti kara leM / sukha-duHkha apane hI dvArA arjita hai / svarga aura naraka bhI manuSyake hAthameM hai| zubhopayoga dvArA sampAdita karma acchA phala dete haiM aura azubhopayoga dvArA sampAdita karma aniSTa phala / jo ina donoM prakArake upayogose Upara uThakara zuddhopayogakA AvaraNa karatA hai, use hI nirvANa prApta hotA hai, usIkI AtmA zuddha hotI hai aura vahI dharmAtmA mAnA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra zara Rtu ke nirmala jala meM rahanepara bhI kamala, jalase pRthak aura alipta rahatA hai, usI prakAra zuddhopayoga meM vicaraNa karanevAlo AtmA saMsArase alipta aura bandhanarahita rahatI hai / rAga-dveSa karmake bIja haiM aura moha unakA janaka hai| jisake rAma-dveSa aura moha vigalita ho gaye haiM, vahI zuddhopayogakA AcaraNa kara sakatA hai| muktikA artha hai -- mokSa, bandhanoM kA vigalana, nirbandha honA, chuTakArA prApta torthaMkara mahAvora aura unakI dezanA : 287

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karanA / saMsArake koTi-koTi janako yaha mukti yA bAsmAko svatantratA to abhISTa hai, para svatantratAko prApta karaneko peSTA yA prayatna abhIpsita nahIM hai| cAhanepara bhI puruSArthakI ora pravRtti nahIM hotI 1 paramatvako upalabdhike liye zIla, saMyama, tapa, tyAgarUpa samyakcAritrakA AcaraNa karanA hogaa| jisake hAthameM samyavAddhA aura jJAnake sAtha samyakyAritra-yAlanarUpI tIkSNa khaMga hai, vahI pralobhanoM aura vikAroMpara vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| ataH muktizrIke abhilASIko samyagjJAna-darzanapUrvaka samyakacAritrakI Dora thAmanI hogii| vastutaH cAritra naukA hai, aura samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna-ye do kevaTa hai, jo cAritrakI naukApara ArUr3ha hai, use bhavasAgara pAra karanameM bilamba nahIM hai| para cAritrakI saphalatA saba hai, jaba vaha AtmAkA sarvasva bana jAya | Uparase mor3hA huA cAritra to kisI bhI samaya utArakara pheMkA jA sakatA hai| agni aura uSNatAke samAna cAritra aura cAritravAnmeM tAdAtyabhAva honA cAhiye / uSNatA aggiro jAtimAjya hai. gAriga bhI majidArase apacana hai| muktiparva-pAvApurakI ora tozaMkara mahAvIra isa dharatIpara zAnakA amRta pravAhita karane Aye the| unhoMne nirantara tIsa varSoM taka vihArakara dharatIke phlezoMkA apaharaNa kiyaa| mAnava-samAjako duHkhoMse chur3AyA, usake hRdayameM jJAnadIpa prajjvalitakara sukha, zAnti aura kalyANa-mArgako Alokita kiyaa| yoM to saMsArake raMgamaMcapara aneka krAntiyAM ho cukI haiM, para una sabhI krAntiyoMkA prabhAva bAhya jagata taka sImita rahA hai| tIrthakara mahAvIrane apanI krAnti dvArA saMkliSTa manako udbuddha kiyA / ve jAti, sampradAya evaM vargakI somAke ghereko tor3akara bAhara nikale / unhoMne deza aura janapadoMke sImAbandhanako bhI atikrAnta kiyA aura vizvake samasta mAnavoMko viSamatAkI vAiyoMse nikAlakara samatAke dharAtalapara upasthita kiyaa| unheM jo divyajJAna prApta huA thA, use unhoMne vizvake prANi-jagatameM bA~Ta diyaa| mahAvIra isa dharatIko jJAnAmRtase siMcana karate hue pAvApura' nAmaka sthAna ---....-..-- 1. jinendravIro'pi vibodhya sansataM samantato bhabyasamahasamtatim / prapadya pAvAnagarI garIyasI manoharodyAnavane tadIyake // -harivaMzapurAga, jJAnapITha-saMskaraNa, 66 / 15. kramAspAvApuraM prApya mnohrvnaasre| bahUnAM sarasA madhye mahAmagizilAtale / / ___ 288 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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meM padhAre aura vahA~ke manohara nAmaka vanake madhya aneka sarovaroM ke bIca meM maNimaya zilApara virAjamAna hue| bihAra chor3akara unhoMne koMkI nirjarAko vRddhiMgata kiyaa| yahA~para mana, vacana aura kAya yogakA nirodhakara kriyArahita ho mokSaka lie Avazyaka aghAtiyAkoko naSTa karanevAle pratimAyogako dhAraNa kiyaa| divyadhvani banda ho gayI aura vacanayogakA bhI pUrNatayA nirodha ho gayA / isa yogadvArA devagati, pA~ca zarIra, pAMca saMghAta, pAMca bandhana, tIna aMgo. pAMga, chaha saMsthAna, chaha saMhanana, pA~ca varNa, do gandha, pA~ca rasa, ATha sparza, devagatyAnupULa, agurulaghu, upaghAta, paraghAta, ucchavAsa, do vihAyogatiyA~, aparyApti, pratyekazarIra, asthira, zubha, azubha, dubhaMga, duHsvara, susvara, anAdeya, ayazaHkoti, asAtAvedanIya, nIpagotra evaM nirmANa ina bahattara karmaprakRtiyoMkA ayogI guNasthAnake upAntyameM kSaya kiyA / apane zaktibalase zuklaSyAnake caturtha bheda vyuparatakriyAnitikA Alambanakara Adeya, manuSyagati, manuSyagatyAnupUrvya, paJcendriyajAti, manuSya-Ayu, paryApti, asa, vAdara, subhaga, yazaHkIti, sAtAvedanIya, uccagotra evaM tIrthakara nAmakarma ina seraha prakRtiyoMkA anta samayameM kSapaNa kiyaa| mahAvIrane yoganirodhArtha SaSThopavAsa dhAraNa kiyA aura kAyotsarga dvArA karma-prakRtiyoMkA vinAza kiyaa|' anya Agama granyoMse bhI avagata hotA hai ki tIrthakara mahAvIrane Ayuke sthitvA dinadvayaM vItavihAro vRddhanirjaraH / kRSNakArtikapakSasya caturdazyAM nidhArayaye / / svAtiyoge tRtIyA zukladhyAnaparAyaNaH / kRtatriyogasaMrodhaH samucchinnakriyaM zritaH / / hatApAticatuSkaH sammazarIro guNAtmakaH / gantA munisahAga nirvANa sarvavAJchitam / / ... uttarapurANa, jJAnapITha-saMskaraNa, 671501-512 1. ebhiH samaM tribhuvanAdhipativihatya, trizatsamAH sakalasasvahitopadezI / pAvApurasya kusumAcitapAdapAnAM, ramya niyopayanamApa tato jineMdraH / / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 289

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do dina avaziSTa rahanepara vihArarUpa kAyayoga, dharmopadezarUpa vadhanayoga evaM kriyArUpa manoyogakA nirodhakara pratimAyoga dhAraNa kiyA aura pAvApura ke bAhara avasthita sarovarake madhya meM kAyotsarga grahaNakara aghAtiyA kokI pacAsI karma-prakRtiyoMkA kSaya kiyaa|' kArtika kRSNA caturdazIkI rAtrike antima praharameM svAti nakSatrake rahate hue I0 pU0 527 meM mokSapada prApta kiyaa| zvetAmbara-granthoMkI mAnyatA anusAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra pAvA nagarIke rAjA hastipAlaka rajaka sabhA-bhapana samAvasyAko samarasa :ni pazilA karate hue mokSa pdhaareN| agaNita deva-mAnavoM dvArA nirvAgakalyANaka-pUjana kAttika kRSNA caturdazIkI pAvana rAtri apanA ghUghaTa uThAkara mAnavatAke unnAyaka tIrthakara mahAvIrakA nirvANotsava manAneke liye samakSa thii| devamAnavoMmeM harSakA sAgara umar3a par3A aura sabhI mahAbIrakA nirvANotsava sampanna karane ke liye cala pdd'e| pAvApurakA konA-konA saja uThA / gharagharameM maMgalagAna hae / dvAra-dvArapara maMgaladIpa jalAye gye| jana-janake hadayase AnandakA srota phUTa par3A, ullAsakI lahara daur3a gayI aura sabhI nirvANa-pUjanake liye arcana-sAmagrI lekara prastuta hue| pau phaTane jA rahI thii| candramA svAti nakSatrake sAtha vicaraNa kara rahA thA aura indra ke jaya-jayakArase nabhomaMDala dhvanita thA / yoM to mahAbIrake parinirvANase zanyatA aura stabdhatA vyApta thii| para mokSa-lakSmIko prAptike kAraNa devagaNa uttamottama sAmagnI lekara nirvANa-kalyANake arcana hetu bhA rahe the| kRtvA yoganiroSamujviAtasabhaH SaSThena tasminvane / vyutsargeNa nirasya nirmalakSaSi karmANyazeSANi saH / sthitvendAvapi kArtikAsitacaturdazyAM nizAnteM sthite| svAtI sanmatirAsasAda bhagavAnsiddhi prasiddha shriym|| -asagakavi-viracita barddhamAnacarita, sarga 18, paca 97-98. 1. 'SaSThena niSThitakRtijinavarSamAnaH / ' TokA-'SaSThena dinadayena parisaMkhyAte vAyuSi sati nisstthitkRtiH| niSThitA vinaSTA kRtiH dravyamanovAkkAyakriyA yasyAsI niSThita kRtiH, jinavardhamAnaH / ' -pUjyapAdakRta saM0 nirvANa-mani, zloka 26. 2. munizrI kalyANavijayagaNi-likhita zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, pR. 206, 207. 290 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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sura-asuroMne milakara pipaMktiyA~ prajvalita kI, jisase pAvAnagarImeM Aloka vyApta ho gyaa|' zreNika Adi rAjAghoMne prajAke sAtha milakara nirvANakalyANakakA mahotsava sampanna kiyA| dharatI-gagana sabhI Alokase vyApta ho gye| pAvAkI zobhA nirAlI hI thii| nau licchivi, nau malla isa prakAra aThAraha kAzI-kozalake gaNarAjA tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake nirvANake samaya upasthita the| gAMva-nagara sarvatra dIpoMko jagamagAhaTa zobhita thii| utsabane prakAzaparvakA rUpa le liyA thA aura kAlI rAtri pUNimAke rUpameM parivartita ho gayI thii| yAghyAtmika AbhA sarvatra chAyI huI thii| yaha lokavibhUtikA aisA mahAn parva thA, jisameM prakAzakI rAzi dikhalAI par3a rahI thI / vaizAlIke prAMgaNa meM kIr3A karane vAle, mAtA trizalAkI mamatAko ubhAr3anevAle tIrthakara mahAvIra Aja prajamyoM ke mo praNamya bana gaye the / vaiSamyako samatAmeM, virodhako samanvayameM aura tamako prakAzameM parivartita kara mahAvIrane satya-ahiMsAkI eka nayI lipi pradAna kii| nirvAma-tithi sIrthakara mahAvIrakA nirvANa maMgalavAra 15 akTUbara I0pU0527 yA vikramapUrva 470 tathA zaka-pUrva 605 prAtaHkAla sUryodayake pUrva huaa| isa tithiko prAmANikatAke sambandhameM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki itihAsake kSetrameM samrATa candraguptakA rAjyArohaNa I0 pU0 322 mAnA jAtA hai| aura isI tithika AdhArapara candragupta mauryase pUrva evaM uttarakAlIna tithiyoMkI prAmANikasAkI parIkSA kI jAtI hai| jenaparamparA avantImeM candraguptakA rAjyArohaNa mahAcora1. jvalatpradIpAlikayA pravRddhayA surAsuraiH dIpitayA pradIptayA / tadA sma pAvAnagarI samansataH pradIpitAkAzapsalA prakAzate / / -haribaMzapurANa, 6631:. pAvApurasya bahiruntabhUmideze padmotpalAkulavatAM sarasAM hi madhye / zrIvardhamAnacinadeva iti pratIto nirvANamApa bhagavAn pravidhUtapApmA / / --saM0 nirvANabhakti, zlo. 24. 2. tathaiva ca beNikapUrvabhUbhujaH prakRtya kalpApamahaM sahaprajAH / prajagmurindrAzca murairyaSAmartha prayAcamAnA jinabodhiSinaH / / -harivaMzapurANa, 66 / 20. 3. Dr. Radha Kumud Mukherjee, Clhandragupla Maurya and his time, F. 44-46. tathA zrInetrapADeya, bhAratakA bRhat itihAsa, prathama bhAga, prAcIna bhArata, caturSa saMskaraNa, pR. 242. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA ; 291

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nirvANake 215 varSa pazcAt mAnatI hai| yaha aitihAsika tathya hai ki candragupta maurya ne pATaliputra ( magadha ) - rAjyArohaNake 10 varSa pazcAt avantI meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra itihAsa aura jaina paramparAke samanvitta Aloka meM mahAvIrakA nirvANa I0 pU0 345+2190012 hotA hai| paramparAkai AdhArapara nirvANa samayakA samarthana vikrama, zaka, gupta Adi saMvatsaroMse bhI hotA hai| jaina granthoMmeM batAyA gayA hai ki mahAvIrake nirvANa-kAlase 470 varSa bAda vikrama saMvatkA pracalana huA / itihAsako yaha sarvasammata dhAraNA hai ki vikrama saMvatkA pravartana I0 pU0 57 se huA hai| isa prakAra mahAvIrakA nirvANa-saMvat 470 + 57 I0 pU0 527 AtA hai / = prasiddha itihAsakAra DaoN0 Ara0 sI0 majumadAra, DaoN0 eca0 sI0 rAya caudharI aura DaoN0 ke0ke0 datta dvArA likhita "ena eDavAMsa hisTrI oNva iNDiyA"meM mahAvIrakI nirvANa tithi I0 pU0 528 mAnI gayI hai / yadyapi ina vidvAnoMne isa tithiko bhI nirvivAda nahIM batAyA hai aura isakI asaMgatiyoMkI ora iMgita karate hue hemacandrake ullekhoMke sAtha virodha batalAyA hai| hemacandrane candragupta mauke 155 varSa pUrva mahAvIrakA nirvANa batAyA hai, 215 varSa pUrva nahIM / ina saba visaMgatiyoM ke rahanepara bhI ukta vidvAt tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI nirvANatithi 15 akTUbara I0 pU0 527 hI mAnate haiN| isa tithikA samarthana itihAsa aura paramparA ina donoM hI tathyoMse hotA hai / 1. munizrI nagarAjajI : Agama aura tripiTika : eka anuzIlana, pR0 88. 2. The date 313 B, C. for Chandragupta's accession, if it is based on correct tradition, May refer to his acquisition of Avanti in Malwa, as the Chronological datum is found in verse where the Maury a king finds mention in the list of succession of Palak, the king of Avanti. - H. C, Ray Choudhuri: Political History of Ancient India P295. The jain date 313 BC. if based on correct tradition, may refer to acquisition of Avanti (Malwa). -- An Advanced History of India, P. 99. 3. ena eDavAnsa hisTrI jaoNba iNDiyA eNsienTa iNDiyA khaNDa. 292 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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'titthogAloyapayannA" meM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa rAtrimeM aIna mahAvIra torthakarakA nirvANa huA, usI rAtameM avantimeM pAlakakA rAjyAbhiSeka humA / ataH 60 varSa pAlakake, 150 nandoMke, 160 mauyoMke, 35 puSyamitrake, 60 bala-mitra-bhAnumitrake, 40 nabhasenake aura 100 varSa gardabhilloMke vyatIta honepara zaka rAjAkA zAsana huaa| uparyukta tathyoMkI puSTi 'tiloyapaNNattI', 'tiloyasAra', 'ghavalATIkA'mora 'harivaMzapurANa'se' bhI hotI hai| ina granyoMmeM batAyA gayA hai ki nirvANake 605 varSa 5 mAha bItanepara zaka rAjA haa| isa AdhArapara bho mahAvIra-nirvANa 605 varSa, 5 mAha-78 varSa = 527 I0 pU0 hai| zaka saMvat aura IsvI saMvatmeM 7. varSakA antara hai| tapAgaccha-paTTAli meM likhA hai-60 varSa pAlaka rAjA, 155 varSa navananda, 1. jaM rayaNi sisigao, arahA sittapharI mhaaviiro| taM raNimayaMtIe, abhisitto pAlao rAyA / / pAlagaraNo saTTI, puNa paNNasayaM viyANi gaMdAgaM / muriyANaM saTThisayaM, paNatIsA pUsabhittANaM (tassa) / / balamitta-bhANumittA, saTThA calA ya hoti nhseko| gaddabhasaya mega puNa, pahivAno so sago rAyA // paMca ya mAsA paMca ya, vAsA chacceva hoMti vAsasayA / parinibvuassa'rihato to uppanno (paSTivatro) sage rAyA / / -tisthogAlIyapayannA 620-623 gAthA tathA harivaMzapurANa 60487-49.. 2. NibvANe bIrajiNe chanvAsa sadesu paMcavarisesu / paNamAsesu gadesu saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA // -tiloyapaNNattI, bhAga 1, pR. 341. 3. paNachassayavassaM paNamAsajudaM gamiya viirnnibujhdo| sagarAjA to kakkI caduNavatiyamahiya bagamAsaM / tiloyasAra, gAthA 850. 4. paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsA chammeva hoti bAsasayA / sagakAleNa ya sahiyA pAveyambo tado raasii|| -dhavalATIkA, jainasiddhAnta bhavana bArA, patra 537. 5. varSANAM SaTzAtI tyaktvA paJcAyaM mAsapaJcakam / mukti gate mahAvIreM zakarAjastato'bhavat / / -harivaMzapurAga, sAnapITha-saMskaraNa 6.551. 6. jaM raNi kAlagao, arihA titthaMkaro mahAvIro / taM rayaNi aNivaI, ahisitto pAsao rAjA // tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 293

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108 varSaM mauryavaMza, 30 varSaM puSyamitra, 60 varSe balamitra - bhAnumizra, 40 varSa nahapAna, 13 varSe gardabhilla bora 4 varSa eka kAla hai / ataeva 60 + 155 + 108 + 30 + 60 + 40 + 13 + 40 470 varSa - mahAvIra nirvANa 470 vikramAdityakA rAjyaprAtikAla huA / isa AdhArapara pUrvavat 470 + 57 - 527 I0 pU0 mahAvIrakA nirvANa kAla AtA hai / = DaoN0 vAsudeva upAdhyAyane 'guptasAmrAjyakA itihAsa grantha meM gupta-saMvatpara vicAra karate samaya jaina granthoM kA AdhAra svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai':- "alaberunIse pUrvaM zatAbdiyoM meM kucha jaina granthakAroMke AdhArapara yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gupta tathA zakakAlameM 241 varSakA antara hai / prathama lekhaka jinasena, jo 8 vIM zatAbdI meM varttamAna the, unhoMne varNana kiyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrake nirvANake 605 varSa 5 mAke pazcAt zaka rAjAkA janma huA tathA zakake anusAra guptake 221 varSa zAsana ke bAda kalkirAjakA janma huA / dvitIya granthakAra guNabhadrane (889 I0) uttarapurANa meM likhA hai ki mahAvIra nirvANake 1000 varSa bAda kalkirAjakA janma huaa| jinasena tathA guNabhadrake kathanakA samarthana AcArya nemicandrake vacanoMse bhI hotA hai / " "nemicandra trilokasArameM likhate hai - 'zakarAja * mahAvora- nirvANa ke 605 varSa 5 mAsake bAda tathA zakakAlake 394 varSa 7 mAhake pazcAt kalkirAja paidA huA / inake yogase (605 varSa 5 mAha + 394 varSa 7 mAh = 1000 varSa hote haiN|' - saTTI pAyaropaNavanNasayaM tu hoi naMdANaM / maTTakhayaM muriyANaM tIsa vi samittassa / / misa - bhAmitta saTTI varisaraNi basa navANe | vaha gallirajjaM terasa varisa samassa caTa (varisA) 11 - tapAgaccha - paTTAvali, panyAsa kalyANavijaya, pR0 50-52. P 1. vRtasAmrAjyakA itihAsa, bhAga 1 10 182, 183. 2. vIranirvANakAle ca pAlako'trAbhiSicyate / loke'vantisutA rAjA prajAnAM pratipAlakaH // bhadravANasya tadrAjyaM guptAnAM ca zatadvayam / ekaviMzadaca varSANi kAlavidbhirudAhRtam // dvicatvAriMzadevAtaH kalkirAvastha rAjatA / tato'jivamo rAjA syAdindrapurasthitaH // -harivaMzapurANa, jJAnapITha- saMskaraNa 600487, 491, 492. 3. uttarapurANa, jJAnapITha- saMskaraNa 766428-431. 294 : toSaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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ina tInoM jaina granthakAroMke kathanAnusAra zakarAja sathA kalkirAjakA janma nizcita ho jAtA hai|" vidvAna lekhaka DaoN. upAdhyAyane zaka-saMvat-sambandhI jaina dhAraNAoMke AvArapara zaka aura gupta saMvatkA sambandha vyakta karate hue likhA hai-"isa samayase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki guptasaMvatko tithi 241 jor3anese zaka-kAlameM parivartana ho jAtA hai / isa vistRta vivevanake kAraNa alaberunIke kathanakI sArthakatA jJAta ho jAtI hai| yaha nizcita ho gayA ki zaka-kAlake 241 varSa pazcAt gupta-saMvatkA Arambha huaa|' pUrvoka adhyayanase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki zakasaMvata, guptasaMvat, vikramasaMvat AdikI mImAMsA mahAvIra-nirvANa saMvatse kI gayI hai / ataH gapta-saMvatakA prArambha I. san 319 mahAbora-nirvANa gupta-saMvat pUrva 846 ataeva 846 - 319 = 527 I0 pU0 mahAvIra-nirvANakAla AtA hai| saMkSepameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako nirvANa-tithi kAttika kRSNA caturdazI rAtrikA antima prahara, svAtinakSatra, maMgalavAra, 15 akTUbara I0 pU0 527 hai / isI dinase yaha tithi 'dIpAvali' ke rUpameM pracalita ho gyii| nirvAvasthA tIrthakara mahAvIrakA nirvANa madhyamA pAvA athavA pAvApurImeM huaa| isa pAvApurIko sthiti kahA~para hai, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| vartamAnameM anusaMdhAnake nAmapara kucha vyakti naye-naye sthAnoMpara purAne kSetroMkI kalpanA kara prasiddhi prApta karaneke prayAsameM haiN| tathya kahA~ taka itihAsase sammatta hai, yaha zoSakA viSaya hai / jaina-sAhityake prAcIna aura arvAcIna sabhI granthoM meM mahAvIrakA nirvANa-sthAna pAvApurImeM batAyA gayA hai| kalpasUtrameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake nirvANa-sambandhI sandarbha nimnaprakAra upalabdha haiM : "satya NaM je se pAvAe majjhimAe hasthivAlassa ranno rajjugasabhAe apacchimaM aMtarAvAsaM uvAgae tassa NaM aMtarAvAsassa je se vAsANaM casatthe mAse sattame pakkhe kattiyabahule sassa NaM kattiyabahulassa pannarasI pakkhaNaM jA sA cArimAraNi taM raNi ca NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kAlagaye viikkate samujjAe chinnajAijarAmaraNabaMdhaNasiddhe buDhe mutte aMtagaDe parinibbuDe savvadukkhapahINe caMde nAma se divase unasami tti pavuccai devANaMdA nAma sA rayanI nirai ti pavuccai accelave muhatte pANU thove siddha nAge karaNe sadhvaTTha1. guptasAmrAjyakA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 181. tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 295

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siddha muhutte sAiNA jakkhatrtaNa jogamuvAgaeNaM kAlagae viipakate jAva sanyadu khappahoNe ___ arthAt mahAvIra antima varSAvAsa karaneke hetu madhyamA pAbAke rAjA hastipAlake rajjukasabhA-dharmagRhama Thahare hue the | cAturmAsakA caturtha mAsa aura varSARtukA saptama pakSa cala rahA thA / arthAt kArtika kRSNa amAvasyAkI tithi thii| rAtrikA antima prahara thaa| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kAladharmako prApta hue--saMsArako tyAga kara cale gaye / janma-grahaNako paramparAkA ucchedakara cale gye| inake janma, jarA aura maraNake sabhI bandhana naSTa ho gaye / bhagavAn siddha, buddha, muhAna saba dhukhokI a dhika naka hue| tIrthakara mahAvIrake nirvANasthalake sambandhameM digambara-granthoMse bhI prakAza prApta hotA hai / batAyA hai:pAvAe majjhimAe hatthavAlisahAe NamaMsAmi / -prAkRtapratikramaNa, pR0 46. arthAt madhyamA pAvAma istipAlavI sabhAmeM sthita mahAvIrako namaskAra karatA huuN| AzAdharajIne apane kriyAkalApameM likhA haipAvAyAM madhyamAyAM hastipAlikAmaNDape namasyAmi / -saMskRta-kriyAkalApa, pR056. ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki tIrthakara mahAvIrakA nirvANa madhyamA pAvAmeM rAjA hastipAlako rajjuka-zAlAmeM huA thaa| abhilekhoMse jJAta hotA hai ki yaha rajjukazAlA dharmAyatanake rUpameM hotI thii| yahAMpara dharmopadeza athavA pravacana honeke lie paryApta sthAna rahatA thaa| sahasroM vyakti isa sthAnapara baiTha sakate the| rajjukazAlAmeM caurasa maidAnake sAtha eka kinAre bhavana sthita rahatA thaa| ataH digambara-paramparAke ullekhAnusAra bhI mahAvIrakA nirvANa sthala madhyamA pAvA hai / yaha hastipAla rAjA koI bar3A rAjA nahIM thA, sAmanta yA jamIMdAra jaisA thA / yataH usa yuga meM nagarAdhipati bhI rAjA dvArA ullimvitta kiyA jAtA thaa| ataeva yaha AzaMkA saMbhava nahIM hai ki magadha nRpati theNikake rahate hue nikaTameM hI hastipAla rAjAkA astitva kisa prakAra saMbhava hai ? mahAvIrake samarameM prAyaH pratyeka bar3e nagarakA adhipati rAjA kahA jAtA thA / 1. kalpasUtra, sUtra 123, pR0 198. zrIamara jaina Agama zodha saMsthAna, zivAnA (rAjasthAna) 296 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI kAcArya-paramparA

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isa Alokase dhvanita hotA hai ki pAvApurakA hastipAla rAjA thA aura unakI rajjukazAlA meM mahAvIrakA antima samavazaraNa huA thA / mahAvIra jisa samaya kAladharmako prApta hue, usa samaya candra nAmaka dvittIya saMvatsara cala rahA thA, prItivarddhana mAsa, nandivaddhana pakSa, agniveza divasa, devAnandA nAmaka rAtri, artha nAmaka kSaNa, siddha nAmaka stoka, nAga nAmaka karaNa sarvAthasiddhi muhUttaM evaM svAti nakSatrakA yoga thA / aise samaya meM tIrthaMkara mahAvora nirvANako prApta hue / . mahAvIra ke nirvANake samaya sura-asura ke sAtha aneka rAjA bhI upasthita the / batAyA hai: - 'jaM raryANi ca NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kAlagae jAtha savvadukkhappahINo sA rayaNI bahUhi devehiya devIhi ya ovayamANeNa ya uppayamANeha ya ujjoSiyA yAvi hotyA || 124 // ' 'jaM rayANi ca NaM samaNe jAva savvadukkhappahINe taM raryANi ca NaM nava mallai nava licchaI kAsIko salagA aTTArasa vi gaNarAyANo amAvasAe pArAbhoya pohocavAsaM paTTabasu, gate se bhAvajjoe dabbujjovaM karistAmI / / 127|| " arthAt, jisa rAtri meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kAladharmako prapta hue, sampUrNa du.khase chuTakArA prApta kiyA, usa rAtrimeM bahutase deva aura deviyAM nIce A jA rahIM thIM, jisase vaha rAtri udyotamayI ho gayI thI / / 124 || jisa rAtrimeM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kAladharmako prApta hue, sampUrNa duHkhoMse mukta hue, usa rAtrimeM nau malla saMghake, no licchavI saMghake arthAt kAzI- kozalake aThAraha gaNarAjA amAvasyAke dina ATha prahakA proSadhopavAsa kara vahA~ sthita the / unhoMne yaha vicAra kiyA ki bhAvodyota - jJAnarUpI prakAza calA gayA hai / ata: aba hama dravyodyota - dIpAvali prajvalita kareMge / kalpasUtra ke uparyukta uddharaNoMse nimnalikhita niSkarSaM prastuta hote haiM:( 1 ) tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA nirvANa, rAjA hastipAlakI nagarI pAvApurImeM huA / ( 2 ) nirvANake samaya nau mallagaNa, nau licchavIgaNa isa prakAra kAzIkozalake aTThAraha gaNa rAjA vidyamAna the / ( 3 ) andhakArake kAraNa dIpAvali prajvalita kI / 1. kalpasUtra, sUtra 124 aura 127. (zrIsamara Agama zodha saMsthAna, zivanA, rAjasthAna ) tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 297

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{4) yaha pAcA madhyamA pAvA kahalAtI thii| prAcIna bhAratameM pAvA nAmakI tIna nagariyo thIM / jaina sUtroMke anusAra eka pAvA bhaMgadezakI rAjAdhAnI thii| yaha deza pArasanAtha parvatake bAsa-pAsake bhUmi bhAgameM avasthita thaa| vartamAna hajArIbAga aura mAnamUmike bile isImeM zAmila haiN| jaina Agama-granthoMmeM bhaMgi janapadako gaNanA sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoMmeM kI gayI hai| bauddha sAhityameM ise malaya dezako rAjadhAnI batAyA hai / malla aura malayako eka mAna lenese hI pAvAko gaNanA bhrAMtivaza malaya dezameM kI gayI hai| dUsarI pAvA kozalase uttara-pUrva meM kuzInArAko bora malla rAjyako rAjaghAnI tho / malla jAtike rAjyako do rAjadhAniyA~ thIM-eka kuzonArA aura dUsarI pAvA / saThiA~va--phAjilanagaravAlI pAvA sambhavataH yahI hai| ___ tosarI pAvA magadhameM thI / yaha ukta donoM pAvAoMke madhya meM thii| pahalI pAvA isake Agneya koNameM aura dUsarI isake vAyavya koSameM lagabhaga sama antarapara thI / isI kAraNa yaha pAvA madhyamAke nAmase prasiddha thii| isa pAvAkA sambaMdha rAjA hastipAlako sabhAse bhI hai / pAvAmeM jaina sUtroM ke anusAra mahAvIrakA do bAra avazya Agamana huA thaa| unakI do mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ isa nagarIke sAtha sambaddha haiN| prathama bAra kevalajJAnakI prAptike anantara agalaM hA dina yahA~ padhAre / devoMne samavazaraNakI racanA kI, para viratirUpa saMyamakA lAbha kisIko nahIM ho skaa| bAta yaha hai ki una dinoM madhyama pAvAmeM, jo jambhaka grAmase lagabhaga bAraha yojana dUra thI, Arya somila bar3A bhArI yajJa kara rahA thaa| isa yajJameM deza-dezAMtarake aneka vidvAn sammilita hue the| mahAvIrane jAnA-yajJameM Aye hue vidvAna paNDita yadi samboSita ho jAyaM, to ve dharmake AdhAra-stambha bana jA sakate haiM / ata: madhyamA pAbAke mahAsena udyAna meM vazAkha zuklA ekAdazIke dina unakA dUsarA samavazaraNa lgaa| unakA upadeza eka prahara taka huA / upadezakI carcA samasta nagarameM vyApta ho gayo | Arya somilake yajJameM sammilita hue indrabhUti bAdi gyAraha vidvAn jJAnamadase unmatta ho apane vidvAn ziSyoMke sAtha mahAvIrase zAstrAcaM karane pahuMce / inakA uddezya mahAvIrase vivAda karake unheM parAjitakara apanI pratiSThA bar3hAnA thA, para vahAM pahuMcate hI unakA jJAnamada vigalita ho gayA aura unhoMne zramaNa-dIkSA svIkAra kii| isI dina mahAvIrale madhyamA pAvAke mahAsena udyAnameM caturviSa saMghako sthApanA kii| 298 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI pAcArya-paramparA

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dvitIya ghaTanA mahAvIrake nirvANakI hai| mahAvIra campAse vihArakara madhyamA pAvA yA apApA pdhaare| isa varSakA varSAvAsa hastipAlakI rajjukasamAmeM grahaNa kiyA / cAturmAsameM darzanoMke lie Aye hue rAjA puSyapAlane bhagavAn se dIkSA lI / kArtika amAvasyA ke prAtaHkAla apane jIvanakI samApti nikaTa samajhakara antima upadezakI akhaNDa dhArA cAlU rkhii| jo amAvasyAkI pichalI rAta taka calatI rhii| gautama gaNadhara usa samaya mahAvIrako AzAse nikaTavartI grAma meM devazarmA brAhmaNako upadeza karaneke lie gaye hue the / jaba ve lauTakara Aye, to unheM devatAoMse jJAta huA ki bhagavAn kAlagata ho gaye / indrabhUti gautamako tatkSaNa kevalajJAna prApta ho gayA / zvetAmbara vAGmayake AdhArapara prastuta kiye gaye uparyukta vivecanase madhyamA pAvAkI bhaugolika sthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai| pahalI ghaTanA catuviSa saMghasthApanakI hai / madhyamA pAvA aura jRmbhaka grAma meM itanA antara honA cAhie, jisase eka dina rAta meM jRmbhaka grAmase madhyamA pAvA pahu~cA jA ske| yaha AMtara adhika-se-adhika bAraha yojana dUrIkA ho sakatA hai| hama pUrvameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake kevalajJAna-sthAna jambhiya grAmako avasthitikA nirdeza kara cuke haiN| yaha RjukUlA nadIke taTapara sthita jamuI gA~va hai, jo vartamAna muMgerale pacAsa mIla dakSiNako durIpara sthita haiM / yahA~se rAjagRhakI dUrI tIsa mola yA paMdraha kosa hai / pAcApura aura rAjagRhakI dUrI bhI adhika-se-adhika paccIsa mola hai / isa prakAra jamuI se pAvApurakI dUrI dasa yojanase adhika nahIM hai / yadi saThi - A~va vAlI pAvAko madhyamA pAvA mAnA jAya, to jambhiya gA~base yaha pAvA kama-se-kama sau - Der3ha sau mIlakI dUrIpara sthita hai / itanI dUrIko vaizAkha zuklA dazamIke aparAhna kAlase vaizAkha zuklA ekAdazIke pUrvAhna kAla taka taya karanA sambhava nahIM hai / T dUsarI vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki zve0 sUtra - pranthoMmeM batAyA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra campA nagarImeM cAturmAsa pUrNakara jambhIya gA~va meM pahuMce / vahA~se meMr3hIya hote hue chammANi gaye / yahA~ eka gvAlene mahAvIrake kAnoM meM kAThake kole ThoMkakara upasarga diyA thaa| chammANise mahAbora madhyamA pAvA mAye / mahAvIrake isa bihAra- kamakA bhaugolika adhyayana karanese do tathya prasUta hote haiM: ( 1 ) chammANi grAmakI sthiti campA ora madhyamA pAcAke madhya mArgapara sthita hai | mer3hIya grAmakI do sthitiyAM mAnI jAtI haiN| eka sthiti to rAjagRha aura campAke madhyakI aura dUsarI zrAvastI aura kauzImbIke madhyakI hai| yadi mahAvIrane campAse calakara zrAvastI aura kauzAmbIke madhyavAle mer3hIya grAma meM dharmasabhA kI ho, to koI Azcarya nahIM hai| kahA jAtA hai ki gozA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 299

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lakako tejolezyA ke prayogake pazcAt mahAvIra zrAvastI aura phauzAmbIke madhyavarsI mer3hiya grAmake zAli-koSThaka caityameM padhAre the | mahAvIrake vihAra-varNana meM AtA hai ki madhyamA pAvAse ve ambhiya gAMva gaye aura vahAM unheM kevalazAna huA aura vahA~se rAjagRha aaye| (2) bihAra-varNanase pAvAko sthiti campA aura rAjagRhake madhyameM honI cAhie / ataH campAse madhyamA pAvA hote hue rAjagRha gaye aura vahasi vaizAlo / ataeva toyaMkara mahAvIrakI nirvANasthalI pAcA campA aura rAjagRhake madhyameM hAnI caahiye| kalpasUtrameM AyA hai ki tIrthakara mahAvIrake nirvANotsavameM nava malla bora nava licchiviyoMne bhAga liyaa| aura aThAraha gaNarANA kAzI-kozalavaMzake the| navamalla, navalicchivi aura aThAraha kAzI-kozalake gaNarAjA isa prakAra kucha vidvAnoMne samasta gaNarAjAoMkI saMkhyA chattIsa nizcita kI hai| para jaina sUtroMke TIkA-granthoMke adhyayanase ukta artha bhrAnta siddha ho jAtA hai| mahAvIrake nirvANotsabameM sammilita honevAle kula aThAraha hI gaNarAjA the, jo vaizAloke adhIna the / kalpasUtrakI saMdeha-viSauSadhi TIkAmeM likhA hai: ____ 'navamallaI' ityAdi kAzodezasya rAjAno mallako jAtIyA nava kozaladezasya rAjAno lekhchakI jAtIyA nava...' arthAt navamalla kAzo dezake rAjAoMkI jAti thI aura navalicchivi kozala dezake rAjAboMkI jAti thii| bhagavatI-sUtra (sAta ka. 9, sUtra 299, patra 576)meM yuddhakA prasaMga AyA hai / isa prasaMgako yahA~ abhayadevasUrikI TokAke sAtha prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai "navamallaI navalecchaI kAsI-kosalagA aTThArasa vi gnnraayaanno|" 'nava mallaI ti mallakinAmAno rAjavizeSAH, 'nava lenchaI' tti lecchakInAmAno rAjavizeSAH evaM 'kAsIkosalaga' tti kAzI-vArANasI tajjanapado'pi kAzI tatsambanSina AdyA nava, kozalA ayodhyA tajjanapado'pi kozalA ttatsambandhinaH nava dvitiiyaaH| 'gaNarAyANo' tti samutpanne prayojane ye gaNaM kurvanti te gaNapradhAnA rAjAno gaNarAjA ityarthaH, te Sa tadAnI ceTakarAjasya vaizAlInagarInAyakasya sAhAyyAya gaNa kRtavaMta iti..." patra 579-580. arthAt navamalla mallako nAmaka rAjA vizeSa aura nayalicchivi lecchakI nAmaka rAjAvizeSa ye aThAraha kAzI-kozalake gaNarAjA kahalAte the| inameM prathama nau kozala arthAt ayodhyA janapadase sambandhita the aura dvisIya nau malla 300 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI vAcArya-paramparA

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ye kAzIse sambaddha the| aThAraha gaNarAnA vaizAlIke nAyaka ceTakakI sahAyatA karate the| uparyuka TIkAse yaha spaSTa hai ki vaizAlIke adhIna aThAraha gaNarAjA the| inameM hI kAzI-kozalakI bhI gaNanA sammilita thii| hamAre isa kapanakI puSTi nirayAvalikAke eka anya sandarbhase bhI hoto hai| isa sandarmameM batAyA gayA hai ki jaba ceTaka yuddha karaneke liye calA to aThAraha gaNarAjA bhI apanI senAoMke sAtha cle| sandarbha nimna prakAra hai: ___'tate Na te ceDae rAyA tihi daMti sahasse hiM jahA kUNie jAda vesAli nagari majjhamazeNa niggacchati niggaSThittA jeNa-ve navamallaI navalecchaI kAzIkosalagA aTThArasa vi gaNarAyANo teNave uvAgacchati" tate NaM ceDae rAyA sattAvanAe datisahassehi sattAvannAe Asasa. hassehiM sattAvannAe rahasahassehiM sattAvannAe maNussa koDIehi..'' ceTakake aThAraha gaNarAjA the, yaha bAta AvazyakacUNise bhI siddha hotI hai / batAyA hai: 'treDaeNavi gaNarApANo molitA desappate ThitA, tesipi aTThArasaNhaM rAyINaM sama ceDaeNaM tao hasthisahassA rahasahassA maNussa koDIyo sahA ceva, navari saMkhevo sattAvaNNo sattAvaSNo...' vicAra-ratnAkarameM AyA hai, 'peTakenA'pyaSTAdazagaNarAjAno melitAH', spaSTa hai ki nau malla aura nau licchivi ye aThAraha gaNarAjA hI kAzI-kozala vaMzaja kahalAte the / jekobIkA mata hai ki ukta nava jana licchivi kSatriya kAzyapa gotrIya mahAvIrake mAtula vaizAlI-rAja ceTakake sAmanta the / jaina granthoMke pramANoMse yaha siddha hai ki licchibi kSatriya the aura ve ayodhyAse vaizAlo Aye the| bhagavAn mahAvIrakA gotra kAzyapa thA aura kAzyapa gotra tIrthaMkara RSabhadevase prArambha huA / isI prakAra malloMkA sambandha kAzIke sAtha hai| ina gaNarAjAoMke varNanase pAvApurIko vAstavika sthitike sambandhameM nimnalikhita niSkarSa prApta hote haiM:-- 1. mahAvIrake nirvANameM nau malla aura nau licchivi ye aThAraha gaNarAjA 1. zrIvijendra sUri, tocakara mahAvora, bhAga 2, pR. 316 para uddhRta. 2. AvazyakacUNi, uttarArddha, patra 173. 3. upendra mahArathI, vaizAlI ke licchivi, pR04 para uddhRta. sodhakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 301

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vaizAlIse pAvApurameM sammilita hue hoNge| yadi saThiyAMva vAlI pAvAmeM sammilita hote to dUrI isanI adhika ho jAtI ki unakA nirvANotsabameM sammilita honA asambhava thaa| 2. hastipAla pAvApurakA zAsaka thA aura yaha rAjA siMhakA putra thaa| yadi ise hama malla gaNake antargata mAna leM to bhI anucita nahIM hai : yasa: ceTakakI sahAyatA navamaloMne kI thI aura yaha bhI usI mallagaNake antagata thaa| 3. buddhane jisa pAvAmeM bhojana grahaNa kiyA thA aura jo kuzInagarake pAsa saThiyAMvake rUpameM bhAnya hai, usakA nRpati hastimalla nahIM hai| istimallakA kisI bhI bauddha granthameM ullekha nahIM aataa| jaina granthoMmeM hastimalla mahAvIrake prapama samavazaraNameM bhI upasthita hotA hai, jisakA saMyojana pAvApurI (nAlandAke nikaTavartI) meM huA thaa| nirvANa lAbha karaneke samaya mahAvIrane apanA antima cAturmAsa isI pAvAmeM hastimallake rajjugagahameM kiyA thaa| ata: bena sAhityake pracura pramANoMke AdhArapara vartamAna pAvApurI hI tIrthIkara mahAvIrakI nirvANabhUmi hai| __ jo yaha prazna uThAyA jAtA hai ki magadhavAsI honepara bhI ajAtazatra magadha janapadameM sthita madhyama pAvAmeM mahAvIrake nirvANotsavameM kyoM sammilita nahIM huA? isakA samAdhAna socA aura spaSTa hai| tIrthakara mahAvIrake nircApotsavake avasarapara zreNika jIvita thaa| ataeva usIne magadhakA pratinidhitva kiyaa| harivaMzapurANameM spaSTa ullekha hai ki zreNika isa utsava meM sammilita huaa| isa purANakI racanA zaka-saMvat 705 vi0 saM0 840 I0 san 783meM huI hai| hariSeNaracita bRhatkathAkAzase bhI ukta tathya puSTa hotA hai| isa granthameM AyI huI zreNika kathAmai batAyA gayA hai ki zreNikakI mRtyu mahAvIrake nirvANake pazcAt hii| zreNika nirvANa-prAptike kaI varSa pazcAta paralokabAsI huA / zreNika-caritameM mahAvIrake nirvANake pUrva zreNikake dehAyasAnako sUcanA dI gayI hai / para ye donoM tathya pUrvottaravartI hone ke kAraNa virodhI nahIM haiM / zreNikacaritako racanA pandrahavIM zatAbdokI hai / ata: usako apekSA harivaMzapurANa aura hariSeNa-kathAkA kathana pUrvavartI honese adhika prAmANika hai| 1. tathaiva Sa zreNikapUrvabhUbhujaH prakRtya kalyANamahaM sahaprajAH / prajammu rindrAzca surairyathArtha prayApamAnA jinaghoSiNinaH ||-h0 66 / 21. 2. bRhatkathAkoza-hariSeNakRta, preNikakathA, kathA 55. 302 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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digambarasAhitya ke Aloka meM IsvI kI pAMcavI zatAbdI se hI nAlandAphI nikaTatina pAvA hI mahAvIrakI nirvANabhUmi mAnI gayI hai| pUvyapAdane likhA hai:padmavanadIrghikAkula vividhadrumakhaNDamaNDite ramye / pAvAnagarodhAne vyutsargeNa sthitaH sa muniH // kArtikakRSNasyAnte svAtAvRkSe nihatya karmarajaH | avazeSaM samprApad vyajarAmaramakSayaM saukhyam // parinirvRtaM jinendra jJAtvA vibudhA hyayAzu cAgamya | devataruraktacandanakAlAgurusurabhigozIrSaiH // agnIndrAjJjinadehaM mukuTAnalasurabhidhUpavaramAlyeH / abhyacyaM gaNadharAnapi gatA divaM khaM ca vanabhavane // arthAt - tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kamalavanase bhare hue aura nAnAvRkSoMse suzobhita pAvAnagara ke udyAnameM kAyotsagaM dhyAnameM ArUr3ha ho gye| unhoMne kArtika kRSNAke anta meM svAti nakSatra meM sampUrNa avaziSTa karma-kalaMkakA nAza karake akSaya, ajaya aura amara saukhya prApta kiyaa| devatAoMne jaise ho jAnA ki bhagavAnkA nirvANa ho gayA, ve avilamba vahA~ para Aye aura unhoMne pArijAta, rakla kandana, kAlAguru tathA anya sugandhita padArtha aura dhUpamAlAe~ ekatra kIM / agnikumAra devoMke indrane apane mukuTase agni prajvalitakara jinendraprabhukI dehakA saMskAra kiyA / devoMne gaNadharoMko bhI pUjA kI aura apane-apane sthAnapara cale gaye | harivazapurANa, jayaghavalA TIkA, tiloyapaNNattI, uttarapurANa Adi sabhI granthoMse yaha siddha hotA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA nirvANa magadha dezakI pAtrA nagarImeM huA hai| bauddha sAhitya ke AdhArapara zrI kanhaiyAlAla sarAvagIneM kuzInagara ke samIpavartI savyAcako tIrthaMkara mahAvorakI nirvANamUmi pAvA siddha karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| unhoMne saThiyAMvakI jo vyutpatti pAvAke sAtha ghaTita kI hai use par3hakara mahAn AzvayaM hotA hai| unhoMne likhA hai "zrIkA prAkRta rUpa sari yA saThi hotA hai / pAvAkA kAlAntara meM yAvA yAMvA ho gyaa| isa prakAra zrIpAcA > siripAvA saThiyAcA sAThayAMcA bana gayA / "" zrIkA sari rUpa banatA hai para prAkRtake kisI bhI niyamake AdhArapara 'ra' kA 'Tha' aura 'pa' kA 'ya' nahIM hotA / pAdAkA yAMvA rUpa aura zrIke saThi rUpakI kalpanA karanA bhASA vijJAna ke samasta niyamoM kI avahelanA karanA hai / 1. pAvA-samIkSA, pR0 42. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA 203

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ataH zrIpAvAkA saThiyAMvA sambhava nahIM hai / pUrvAgraha lekara kisI bhI zabdako kahIM bhI ghasITA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ zrIsarAvagIjIkA pUrvAgraha hI pratIta hotA hai / zrIsarAvagIjIkI eka nayI sUjha bhI vicAraNIya hai / unhoMne 'majjhimAkAmavyartI karavatrya kiMtu bAkarapara kiyA hai ? 'majjhimA' vizeSaNakA sIdhA sambandha 'pAyA' ke sAtha hai, ataH deza zabdakA adhyAhAra kisa prakAra sambhava huA ? 'majjhimA' ko vizeSAyaka vizeSaNa mAnA jAya athavA sAbhiprAya vizeSaNa mAnA jAya, ina donoM hI sthitiyoM meM 'pAvA' vizeSyake rahate hue 'deza' ko bIcameM nahIM DAlA jA sakatA hai / prAcIna TIkA-granthoM meM 'pAvAe majjhimAe' kA artha sarvatra 'madhyamA pAdA' hI prApta hai; madhyadezavartinI pAtrA nahIM / apane kathana kI puSTike lie unhoMne harivaMzapurANa meM varNita 'madhyadeza' ko 'majjhima' kA bodhaka likhA hai / para isakI siddhike lie pramANa nahIM diyA hai / eka anya tarka yaha hai ki 'majjhimAe pAvAe' meM majjhimA vizeSaNa strIliGga hai, isake 'madhya' puMlliGga 'deza' zabdakA kisa prakAra adhyahAra saMbhava hai ? madhyAhAra sAbhiprAya vizeSaNa ke honepara liGga, vacana aura vibhaktike niyamAnusAra hI hotA hai| zabda gaThanameM aniyamita vyavahAra nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / zabdarUpakI dRSTise 'majjhimA' -- madhyamAkA rUpAntara hai, 'madhya' kA nahIM / 'majjha' se madhya banatA hai, yaha vizeSaNa hai aura isako niSpatti 'man + yatnasyadhaH' se sambhava hai / majjhimA - madhyamA bhava artha meM 'ma' pratyaya honese 'madhye bhavaH - madhya + ma' - madhyama + strItva TAp - madhyamA - majjhimA rUpa niSpanna hai / ataeva 'pAvAe majjhimAe' kA artha madhyamA pAvA athavA madhyavartI pAvA hai, madhyadezavartinI pAvA nahIM / ullikhita tInoM pAvAoMkI avasthiti paurANika bhUgolakI dRSTise madhyadeza meM hai / manusmRti, viSNupurANa, vAmanapurANa Adike AdhArapara madhyadezakA vistAra hemAdrise lekara sahyAdri taka mAnA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako nirvANabhUmi 'madhyamA pAvA' thI, jisakI sthiti bhAga pradezakI pAyA aura gorakhapura jilemeM kuzInArAkI nikaTavattino pAvAke madhya tho / bauddha sAhitya meM aneka prasaMgoM meM pAvAkA nirdeza AyA hai / varttamAnameM kaI vidvAn buddhako antima yAtrAmeM varNita pAvAko ho tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako nirvANabhUmi batalAte haiN| bhayaMkara bImArIke anantara' buddha vaizAlI se maNDagrAma, ambagrAma 1. dIghanikAya 23 mahAparinivvANasuta / 304 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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(mAmragrAma), jambugrAma, bhoganagara hote hue pAvA phuNce| yahA~ cunda karmArasutrake AmravanameM nivAsa kiyA / usane dUsare dina buddhako bhojanake lie Amantrita kiyA aura sUkara-maddava tathA anya bhojana-sAmagrI taiyAra karAyI / buTane bhisaMghake sAtha jAkara bhojana kiyA / sUkara-maiva khAnese buddhako rakta girane lgaa| thor3I dUra calakara ve thaka gaye / unheM maraNAntaka kaSTa huaa| buddha kuzInAzakI ora jA rahe the| mArgameM zrAnta honepara ve eka vRkSake nIce vizrAma karane lage ! buddhane Anandase jala mAMgA / Ananda samIpasinI kakutthAse jala bharakara lAye aura buddhako pIne ke lie diyA / navAse kuzonArA : gavyati thA, kintu itanI dUrImeM buddhako paccIsavAra baiThanA par3A, madhyAhnase calakara sUryAstake samaya kuzInAza pahuMce / pAvAse palakara kakutyA nadI pAra kI 1 Age hiraNyavatI nadI milI, usake parale taTapara sthita kuzInArAke malloMke zAlavanameM gaye aura do ghane zAlavRkSoMke bIca meM uttarako ora sirahAnA karake leTa gaye aura yahIM nirvANa prApta kiyA / isa sandarbhase yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAtmA buddha pAcAse kuzInagara pahu~ce the tathA pAvA aura kuzInagarakI dUrI 12 mola rahI hogI | kakutthA nadI bhI pAvAke nikaTa thI, jisase jala lAkara Anandane unako pilAyA thaa| yaha pAvA malloMkI pAvA hai, tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako nirvANa-bhUmi madhyamA pAvA nhiiN| itihAsajJoMne, buddhako jahA~ bhojana kara sAMghAtika roga huA, pAvAkI khoja ko | kapilavastuse lekara kuzInArA, paDaraunA, phAjilanagara, saThiyAMva, sareyA, kukkurapATI, nandavA, danAhA, AsamAnapura Doha, mora vihAra, pharamaTiyA aura gAMgITikAra taka prAcIna bhavanoM, mandiroM aura stUpoMke dhvaMsAvazeSa bikhare par3e haiM / ina avazeSoM ke dekhanese aisA anumAna hotA hai ki AtatAyI rAjAoM athavA prakRti ke bahuta bar3e prakopake kAraNa ye dhvaMsAvazeSa hue hoMge / __ itihAsa batalAtA hai ki zrAvastIke rAjasiMhAsanapara AsIna hokara vida Dabhane apane pitA prasenajitako maravAkara zAkyoM aura unake nagaroMko dhvasta kara diyA / zreNikake putra ajAtazatra kuNikane bhI apane pitAko bandI banAkara magadhakA siMhAsana adhIna kiyA aura apane nanihAla vaizAlI-gaNasaMgha aura unake mitra mallasaMghako naSTa kara diyaa| ina do mahattvAkAMkSI rAjAoMke pratizodhake pariNAma svarUpa hI yahA~ DIha-TIle vidyamAna haiN| buddhako mRtyuke pazcAt unakI asthiyoMke ATha bhAga kiye gaye, inameM se eka bhAga zakyione aura do bhAga pAvA evaM kuzInagarake malloMne grahaNa kiye| donoM saMghoMne una asthi. bhasmoMpara stUpoMkA nirmANa kraayaa| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 305

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.kapilabastu, kuzInArA aura pAvAkA vinAza buddhakI mRtyuke Asa-pAsa huA aura stUpa isake uttara kAlameM dhvasta kiye gaye / ataeva dhvaMsAvazeSa saThiyAMvakI prAcInatAke sUcaka haiM | vartamAna saThiyAMva meM tAlAba aura stUpoMke dhvaMsAvazeSa pracura rUpameM vidyamAna haiN| pAvA vaizAlI - kuzInArA mArgapara avasthita thI / ataH vaha kuzInArAse dakSiNa-pUrva honI caahie| paDaraunA uttara aura utara-pUrva meM bAraha mIlakI dUrIpara hai, para yaha vaizAlI kuzInArA mArgapara sthita nahIM hai| isa vivecana ke anusAra phAjilanagara saThiyAMva hI purAnI pAvA hai / irst atddha anuzrutiyoMke anusAra pAvA kuzInArAse bAraha mIla dUra gaNDaka nadI kI ora saMbhava hai| yaha kuzInArAse pUrva yA dakSiNa-pUrva meM avasthita hai / isa anuzrutimeM kuzInArA aura pAvAke vIcameM eka choTI nadI bhI batAyI gayI hai, jo 'kakutthA' kahalAtI thI / yahIM buddhane snAna aura jalapAna kiyA thA / isa nadIkA vartamAna nAma 'ghAgI' hai / yaha kasiyA se pUrva, dakSiNa-pUrvakI ora chaH mIla dUra hai / phAjilanagarake bhagnastupase Der3ha pharlAMga uttara-pUrvamaM bahanevAlI 'sonuA' 'sonAvA' yA 'sonArA' nAmakI nadI hai / yahI nadI kakutthA hai, yaha pAvA aura kuzInagarake madhya bahatI hai / vartamAna meM saThiyAMvase Der3ha mIla pazcimako ora prAcIna nadIke cihna milate haiM, jo anheyA, soniyA aura sonAkA kahI jAtI hai / isase do mIla pazcima meM 'ghAgI' nAmakI eka bar3I nadI hai / par3araunA se dasa mIla uttara-pazcima meM siMghA gAMva ke pAsa eka jhIla hai, 'ghAgI' nadI isIse nikalatI hai / ataeva saMkSepameM mahAtmA buddhakI rAjagRhase kuzInagara takakI yAtrAkA adhyayana karanepara pAtrA bhoganagara (badarAMca) aura kuzInagara ke madhya saThiyA~va-phAjilanagara haiM / parantu yaha madhyamA pAvA nahIM hai / nirvANasthala sambandhI bauddhAgama pramANa bauddha vAGmayameM mahAvIrako nirvANabhUmi pAvAke sambandhamaM 'sAmagAmasutanta', 'pAsAdikasuta', 'saMgItipariyAyasutta' Adi granthoMmeM ullekha Aye haiM / ye nirdeza vidveSapUrNa sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA ke paricAyaka haiM / yahA~ mUla sandarbha prastutakara nirvANabhUmise saMbaddha niSkarSa aMkita kiye jAyeMge | batAyA hai : eva me sutaM / ekaM samayaM bhagavA sabakesu viharati sAmagA me / tena kho pana samayena nigaNTho nAtapatto pAvArtha adhunA kAlaMkato hoti / tassa kAlariyAya bhinnA nigaSThA dvadhikajAtA bhaNDanabhinnA nigaNThA dveSikajAtA - pe0 bhinnathUpe appaTisaraNe ti / evaM kutte AyasmA AnaMdo cundaM 306 : tokara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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samaNuddesa etadavoca 'atthi kho idaM Avuso cunda, kathA pAmantaM bhagavantaM darasanAya 1 ayAma Aso cunda, yena bhagavA tenupasaGkamissAma / upasaGghamitvA etamatthaM bhagavato ArocessAma' ti / 'eva bhante' ti kho cundo rAmaNuddeo mato sa ve arthAt eka bAra bhagavAna buddha zAkya deza ke sAmagAma meM vihAra karate the / nigaMTha nAtaputrakI kucha samaya parva hI pAvAmeM mRtyu huI thii| unakI mRtyuke anantara hI nigaMThoM meM phuTa ho gayo, do pakSa ho gaye, kalaha karate hue eka dUsareko mukharUpI zakti se chedate vihara rahe the- 'tU isa dharma - vinayako nahIM jAnatA, meM isa dharma - vinayako jAnatA hU~ | tU bhalA dharma vinayako kyA jAnegA ? tU miyyArUda hai, meM satyArUDha hU~ / ' isa nigaNTha nAtaputrake zvetavastradhArI gRhastha ziSya bhI nAtaputrIya nigaMThoM meM vaise hI virakta citta haiM, jaise ki ve nAtaputrake durAkhyAta (aspaSTa ), duSpravedita (ajJAta), aneryANika (pAra na lagAnevAle), anupazama saMvartanika ( na zAnti gAmI), asamyaka sambuddha pravedita ( kisI buddha se na jAne gaye), pratiSThA (AdhAra) rahita, bhinnastUpa, Azramarahita dharmavinaya meM the / cundasamaNuddesa pAvA varSAvAsa samApta kara sAmagAna meM AyuSmAna Anandake pAsa Aye aura unheM nigaSTha nAtaputrako mRtyu tathA nigaThoM meM ho rahe vigrahakI sUcanA dii| AyuSmAn Ananda - "Avusa cunda ! bhagavAnke darzanake lie yaha bAta bheMTa rUpa hai / Ao-Abusa cunda ! jahA~ bhagavAn hai, vahIM caleM / calakara yaha bAta bhagavAnko kaheM - acchA bhante ! cunda samajuddesane kahakara AyuSmAn AnandakA samarthana kiyA / upAli-saMvAda meM batAyA gayA hai ki nAtaputra nAlandAvAsI honepara bhI pAvAmeM kAlagata hue / unhoMne satyalAbhI upAli gRhapattiko dasa gAthAoMse bhASita buddhake guNoM ko sunakara uSNa rakta ugala diyA / asvastha avasthAmeM hI unheM pAvA le gaye aura vahIM kAlagata hue / '-- ina sandarbhoM ke adhyayanase nimnAti tathya prasUta hote haiM 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA nirvANa pAyAyeM huA 1 2. unakI mRtyuke samaya hI jainasaMghameM phUTa par3a gayI / 3. isI samaya zvetAmbara aura digambara bheda prakaTa hue / 1. majjhimanikAya, sAmagAma suttanta 31914. 2. majjhimanikAya aTTakathA, sAmagAma suttavaNNanA, khaNDa 4, 50 34. torthaMkara mahAvIra kaura unakI dezanA : 307

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4. mahAvIrako mRtyu raktapitta rogase huI / 5. asvasthAvasthAmeM : mAle unheM pAtrA meM le jAyA gayA / ina tathyoMpara kramazaH vicAra karanepara avagata hotA hai ki mahAvIrakA nirvANa pAvAmeM huA, yaha satya hai / para yaha pAvA kauna-sI hai ? yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA / malla gaNarAjyako pAvA to yaha ho nahIM sakatI, kyoMki jaina granthoMmeM mahAvIrako nirvANabhUmi madhyamA pAvA batalAyI gayI hai| __ mahAvIrake nirvANa-samayameM hI jainasaMghameM phUTa par3a gayI, yaha nitAnta bhrAmaka hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAe~ yaha svIkAra karato haiM ki ukta saMghabheda maurya samrATa candraguptake samaya meM haa| jaba magadha janapada meM bAraha varSakA duSkAla par3a gayA to zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu apane netRtvameM bAraha hajAra munisaMghako lekara dakSiNa bhAratakI ora cale gye| kucha muni yahA~ bhI raha gaye, ve samayake prabhAvase zvetavastradhArI bana gye| phalataH zvetAmbara aura digambara saMgha-bheda I0 pU0 300ke lagabhaga utpanna huaa| ataeva bauddha vAGamayameM nirgranthoMke sambandhameM jo phUTako carcA kI gayI hai, vaha buddhake samayako nahIM ho sakato hai| aisA mAlUma par3atA hai ki sAmpradAyika vidvaSavaza yaha sandarbha bAdameM jor3A gayA hai| __ kaimbija hisTrI, ainaziyenTa iNDiyA, bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaMza Adi granthoMmeM eka matase zvetAmbara aura digambara bhedako magadhake dubhikSake pazcAt mAnA gayA hai| kaimbrija hisTrI meM bhadrabAhuke dakSiNa gamanakA nirdeza karate hue likhA gayA hai-'yaha samaya jainasaMghake liye durbhAgyapUrNa pratIta hotA hai aura isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki I0 pU0 300 ke lagabhaga mahAn saMghabhedakA udgama huA, jisane jaina saMghako zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoMmeM vibhAjita kara diyA / dakSiNase lauTe hue sAdhuoMne, jinhoMne durbhikSa kAlameM bar3I kar3AIke sAtha apane niyamoMkA pAlana kiyA thA, magadharbha raha gaye, anya apane sAthI sApoMke AcArase asantoSa prakaTa kiyA tathA unheM mithyAvizvAsI aura anuzAsanahIna ghoSita kiyA' / " Ara0 sI0 majumadArane bhI apane itihAsameM saMghabhedakA samaya magadhake durbhikSako hI igita kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai--"jaba bhadrabAhuke anuyAyI magaghameM lauTe, to eka bar3A vivAda uTha khar3A huaa| niyamAnusAra jaina sAdhu nagna rahate the, kintu magadhake jaina sAdhuoMne sapheda vastra dhAraNa karanA prArambha 1. maimbija hisTrI ( san 1955), pR0 147. 308 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kara diyA / dakSiNa bhAratase lauTe hue jaina sAdhunoMne isakA virodha kiyA, kyoMki ve pUrNa nagnatAko mahAvIrakI zikSAoMkA bAvazyaka bhAga mAnate the / virodhakA zAnta honA asambhava pAyA gayA aura isa taraha zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya utpanna hue / " 'bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaMza' grantha meM paNDita zrIvizvezvara nAtha rekane uparyukta tathya jaisA hI vivecana kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai- "kucha samaya bAda jaba akAla nivRtta ho gayA aura karnATakase jaina loga vApasa lauTe, taba unhoMne dekhA ki magavake jaina sAdhu pochese nizcita kiye gaye dharma-granthoMke anusAra svetavastra panane lage haiM / parantu karnATakase lauTanevAloMne isa bAtako nahIM mAnA / isase vastra pahananevAle jaina sAdhu zvetAmbara aura nagna rahanevAle digambara kahalAye / " ataeva bauddha sAhityameM jo saMghabhedakI samIkSA kI gayI hai, vaha usakI prAmANikatA meM sandeha utpanna karatI hai / sAmpradAyika vidveSavaza bauddha sAhitya meM mahAvIrake rakta-pitta rogakA kathana aura nAlandAse unakA dAvA ke jAnA ye donoM hI bAteM bhI bhrAnta haiM / yadi majjhimanikAya, aTThakathA aura sAmagAmasuttavaNNanAmeM mahAvorakI nirvANabhUmike liye Aye hue sandarbhapara vicAra kareM, to do tathya prasphuTita hote haiM / (1) kisI bhI rogIko maraNAsanna sthitimeM bahuta dUra nahIM le jAyA jA sakatA hai aura sAtha hI rogI aisA ho, jo sAdhu, tyAgI, vratI hai aura jisakA saMsAra meM kahIM koI sambandhI nahIM hai, use utanI adhika dUra le jAnA buddhimattA nahIM hai | ataH kuzInagara ke nikaTavartI saThiyAMva -- pAvA taka mahAvIra nahIM gaye hoNge| yaha pAcA to nAlandAko nikaTavattanI hI sambhava hai / ataH boddha vAGmayake ukta tarkase nAlandAkI samIpavartanI pAvA hI nirvANabhUmi siddha hotI hai ! ( 2 ) jaina vAGmaya meM mahAvIrake antima samayakI aisI koI ghaTanA nahIM milatI, jisase yaha siddha hotA ho ki mahAvIra antima samayameM nAlandAse pAcA gaye / jaina AgamoMmeM spaSTa ullekha hai ki campAmeM varSAvAsa samApta kara mahAvIra bhramaNa karate hue pAvA gaNarAjya hastipAlakI rajjukazAlAmeM Aye aura yahIM antima cAturmAsa kiyA / 1. enaziyenTa iNDiyA, pu0 179. 2. bhAratIya prAcIna rAjavaMza, bhAga 2, pu0 41. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 309

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upAli dvArA baddhakI prazaMsA sunakara mahAvIrakA uSNa rakta vamana karanA itihAsa viruddha mithyA kalpanA hai| ataeva saMkSepameM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha sAhityake AdhArapara mahAvIrakI nirvANabhUmi nAlandAko samIpavartinI pAvA hI hai, saThiyAMba vAlI pAvA nahIM / yadi jainAgamake sabala pramANa upalabdha ho jAyaM, to isa manyatAko parivartita karane meM tanika bhI saMkoca nahIM hogaa| vartamAna pAyA-sambandhI sAmagrI kucha vidvAn bhagadha janAko antarvasinaH meM prAcIna jaina cihnoMkA abhAva dekhakara ise nirvANa-bhUmi mAnaneke pa hameM nahIM hai| vahA~ nirmita mandira evaM sAMskRtika cihna Adhunika haiN| para itihAsa isa bAtakA sAkSI hai ki 12 vI-13 vIM zatAbdImeM jainadharmakA kendra uttarI vihArase haTakara dakSiNI vihArameM sthApita ho gayA thaa| rAjagRha aura pAvApura to mahAvIrake samayameM hI jainatIrtha bana cuke the / pAvApurImeM I0 sankI 13 vIM zatAbdI meM eka jaina sammelana huaa| I0 san 1203 meM yahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mUrti virAjamAna ko gyii| isake pahale bhI yahA~ mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA huI ho, to isameM koI atiraMjanA nahIM hai / madanakottine apane samayake chabbIsa tIrthoMko varNana kiyA hai| madanakotikA samaya I0 sanko 13vIM zatIkA uttarArddha hai| inhoMne pAvApurIke vIra jinakA varNana kiyA hai / ata: 12vIM zatAbdIke pahale hI magadhavAlI pAvAkI pratiSThA mahAvIrakI nirvANabhUmike rUpameM ho cukI thii| 'tIrthakalpa' meM bhI jinaprabhasUrine 'pAvApurI' yA 'apApA' ke nAmase isa tIrthakA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA hai / ataeva yaha nizcita hai ki vartamAna pAvApurIko mAnyatA jinasena prathamake pahale hI prApta ho cukI thii| jinasenane isI kAraNa zreNikako nirvANotsavameM sammilita kiyA hai| ___abhI gA~vake mandirakI marammatake samaya khudAyImeM eka prAcIna mandirakA avazeSa nIvameM prApta huA hai| isa dhvaMsAvazeSake sambandhameM vizeSa jAnakArI to nahIM, para itanA avazya hai ki yaha dhvasta mandira jisakI buniyAdapara nayA mandira nirmita hai, paryApta prAcIna rahA hai| sambhavataH khudAyomeM anya sAmagrI bhI upalabdha ho jAya / ataeva upalabdha pramANoMke Aloka meM vartamAna pAvApurI hI mahAvIrako nirvANabhUmi hai| jaina pramANoMkI avahelanA kara navInatAke vyAmohameM koI bhale hI saThiyAMva-phAjilanagarako tIrthakara mahAvIrako nirvANabhUmi batalAye, para yathArthatA 1. zrI pUrNacandra nAhara, jaina lekha-saMgraha, bhAga 2 (kalakattA 1927), pa0 263. 2. mampA0 meM darabArIlAla koThiyA, zAsanapatusvizikA, pIra sevA maMdira, dillI, 310 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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isase dUra hai / isameM saMdeha nahIM ki rAjagRhase kuzInagarakI yAtrA karate samaya buddhane jisa pAvAmeM bhojana grahaNa kiyA thA, vaha pAvA saThiyAMva hai| saThiyAMvakA bauddha saMskRtise ghaniSTa sambandha hai aura yahAM aneka stUpAvazeSa bhI hai / para jaina saMskRtise isa sthAnakA tanika bhI lagAva nahIM hai| na eka bhI aisA jaina pramANa upalabdha hai, jisakA sAkSya dekara isa sthAnako tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako nirvANabhUmi mAnA jA ske| uttarAdhikAra tIrthakara mahAvIrake caturvidha saMghake sadasya pAMca lAkha nara-nArI the / munisaMgha gyAraha gaNadharoMkI adhyakSatAmeM nau gaNoM yA vandoMmeM vibhakta thaa| zrAvakazrAvikA saMghameM sabhI varga aura jAtike vyakti sammilita the| bhAratake konekone meM to unake anuyAyI vidyamAna the ho, para bhAratake bAhara gAndhAra, kapizA aura pArasIka Adi dezoMmeM bhI unake bhaka the / ___ mahAvIrake nirvANoparAnta - uttarAdhikAra ---gamA nAkAha unake pradhAna gaNadhara indrabhUti gautamako prApta huaa| jisa dina tIrthakara mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA, usI dina unake pradhAna ziSya gautama gaNadhara kevalajJAnI hue' / unake mukta honepara sudharma svAmI kevalajJAnI hue aura inake mukta hone para jambUsvAmI kevalajJAnI he| jambusvAmIke mukta honepara koI anubaddha kevalI nahIM huaa| ina tInoMke dharmapravartanakA sAmUhika kAla 62 varSa hai / indrabhUti gautama gaNadharane mahAvIrake upadezoMko zrRMkhalAbaddha, vyavasthita evaM vargIkRta rUpameM saMkalitakara unakI vANIko sthAyitva pradAna kiyaa| indrabhUtine bAraha varSoM taka saMghakA saMcAlana kiyA / ye bhI ahaMta, kevalI aura sarvajJa the| inase agaNita prANiyoMne Aloka prApta kiyaa| 1. jAdo siddho vIro tahivase godamo paramaNANI / jAvo tassi siddha sudhammasAmI tado jaado|| tammi kavakammaNAse jaMbUsAmi tti kevalI jaado| tattha vi sikSipaSapaNe kevaliNo Natyi aNubaddhA / / vAsaTThI vAsAmi godamapahuvINa pANavaMtANaM / pammapayaTTaNakAle parimAgaM piMDarUveNaM // -tiloyaSaNNattI 4 / 1476.1478, 2. puNo seNiyamUdiNA bhASa-suva-pajjaya-pariNadeNa mArahaMgANaM poddasapugvANaM ca gaMpANabheSakeNa va muhattega kameNa rayaNA kadA / -dhakkATIkA, 1 pustaka, pR. 65. topakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 311

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: inakA nirvANa vI0 ni0 saM0 12 I0 pU0 515 meM huA / inake pazcAt lohAcArya yA sudharmAcArya saMghanAyaka hue| ye bhI ahaMt, sarvajJa aura kevalI the / inhoMne bAraha varSoM taka saMghakA saMcAlana kiyA / ghayalATIkA meM batalAyA gayA hai ki indrabhUti gautama gaNadharane donoM prakArakA zrutAna lohAcAryako diyA / lohAcArya sAta prakArako RddhiyoMse yukta aura samasta zrutajJAnake pAragAmI the| lohAcArya yA sudharmAcAryane apane upadezAmRta dvArA janasamUhakA ajJAnAndhakAra chinna kiyA / inakA nirvANa vipulA balapara vI0 ni0 saM0 24 I0 pU0 503 meM huA / sudharmAcAryane jisa dina nirvANalAbha kiyA, usI dina jambUsvAmIko kevalajJAna huA | jambUsvAmI campA nagarIke seTha addAsake putra the aura inakI mAtAkA nAma jinadAsA thaa| inake garbha meM Aneke pahale mAtAne gaja, sarovara, zAlikSetra, nirdhUmAgnizikhA aura jambUphala ye pAMca svapna dekhe tathA mAtA ina svapnoMkA phala jJAtakara atyadhika prasanna huI / kumAra jambU zaizavakAla se bhaviSNu, parAkramI aura vIra the| inhoMne eka madonmatta hAthIko vaza kiyA, jisase inakI vIratA aura sAhasase prabhAvita hokara sAgaradatta seThane apanI kanyA padmazrI, kuberadattane kanakazrI, vaizravaNadatta seThane vinayazrI evaM ghanadatta seThane rUpazrIkA vivAha jambUke sAtha kara denekA nizcaya kiyA / jambakumAra eka munikA upadeza sunakara virakta ho gaye aura dIkSA grahaNa karanekA vicAra kiyA / mAtA-pitA putrako parivArake bandhanameM bAMdha rakhane ke uddezyase unakA vivAha kara dete haiN| cAroM rUpavatI patniyA~ unheM apanI mamatAmeM jakar3akara rakhanA cAhatI haiM, aura vibhinna prakArakI kathAeM sunAkara unake hRdayake vikAroMko ubhAr3atI haiM, para jambUkumAra himAlaya ke samAna aDiga rahate / mAtA jinadAsI kumArako viSayAsakta banAne ke lie vidyuccorako sahAyatA bhI letI hai; kintu vijaya jambUkumArakI ho hotI hai aura yaha vidyuccora ke sAtha mahAvIrakI dharmasabhA meM dIkSita ho jAtA hai / 1. ayaghavalA tiloya paNNattI aura indranandikRta zrutAvatAra meM lohAcArya ke sthAnapara sUnakA nAma AtA hai| yathA- to teNa goamagotteNa iMdabhUdiNA somRhuttegAvahArimaduvAlasaMgatyeNa teNeya kALeNa kayaduvAlasaMga gaMtharayaNena guNehi sagasamA Nassa humAri yassa gaMyo banakhANido / -jayagha0 a0 pu0 11. 2. viharisihare visuddhaguNi nivvANu pattu sohammu muNi-- jaMbUsAmicarita 10123. 112 : sIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako bAcArya-paramparA

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jainamuni banakara mathurA nagarIke caurAsI nAmaka sthAnapara ambakumArane tapazcaraNa kiyaa| mahAvIrako ziSyaparamparAmeM jambUsvAmI antima kevalI the| inakA nirvANa rAjagRhake vipulAcala parvatase vI0 ni0 saM0 62 I0 pu. 465 meM huA' / ar3atIsa varSa taka jambUsvAmo dharmakA pravacana karate rhe| jambUsvAmIke mukta hone ke pazcAt koI anubaddha kevalo nahIM huaa| ina tInoM kevaliyoMke dharmapravartana kA kAla 62 varSa hai| ina kevaliyoMke pazcAt nandi, nandimitra, aparAjita, govaddhana aura bhadrabAha ye pAMca zrutakevalI mahAvIrake tIrthameM hue'| ina pA~coM kA sammilita kAla sau varSa hai| kucha Agama-granthoMmeM nandike sthAnapara viSNukA ullekha hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki viSNu aura nandi bhI eka hI AcArya hoN| inakA kahIM nAma viSNu likhA gayA ho aura kahIM nandi / pUrA nAma viSNunandi rahA hogA | jambUsvAmI kevaloke pazcAt zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu saMghanAyaka hue / ye yugapradhAnAcArya the tathA digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoMmeM inheM mAnyatA prApta thI / inhIMke samayameM saMghabheda huaa| nissandeha bhadrabAhukA sthAna akhaNDa jainaparamparAkI dRSTise bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| ye mauryasamrAT candraguptake samakAlona hai| inakA janma sthAna puNDravardhana deza aura gurukA nAma govardhana batAyA gayA hai| zrI kailAzacandrajI zAstrI ne likhA hai- "samasta digambara jaina sAhityameM tathA zilAlekhoMmeM govarddhanako caturtha zrutakevalI batalAyA hai aura unheM bhradrabAhu zrutakevalIkA pUrvaja batalAyA hai| tathA bhadrabAhuko puNDravardhana dezake koTimatta nagarakA nivAsI batalAyA hai| ataH yaha nirvivAda hai ki bRhatkathAkoSameM jisa bhradrabAhukA AkhyAna diyA hai, ve zrutaphevalI bhadrabAhu hI haiM aura unake samaya meM candragupta nAmakA yadi koI rAjA huA hai to vaha mauryasamrAT candragupta hI hai / candragupta nAmaka anya rAjA to bahuta samaya 1. viulairisihari kammaTTaSattu siddhAlaya-sAsayamokkhapattu / ----jNbuusaamicriu,10|24. 2. gaMdI ya dimitto vidio avarAjido taijjo ya / govaddhaNo cautyo paMcamao bhadabAhu tti / / paMca ime purisabarA caubasapuSvI jagammi viklAyA / te bArasa aMgaSarA titthe sirivahamANassa / / paMcANa melidANaM kAlapamANaM havedi vAsasadaM / vIdammi paMcamae bharahe sudakevalI patthi ||-tiloypnnnnttii 4 / 1482-1484. 3. janasAhityakA itihAsa, pUrvapIThikA, prathama saMskaraNa, pR0 343. tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 313

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pazcAta hue haiN| ataH unake zrutakevalau bhadrabAhuke samakAlIna honekA prazna hI nahIM hai / " magadhameM jaba bAraha varSakA mahAbhikSa par3A to bhadrabAhuke netRtvameM jainasaMgha dakSiNakI ora gayA aura karNATaka dezake zravaNabelagola nAmaka sthAnako apanA kendra banAyA / zrutake valI bhadrabAhune dakSiNa bhAratameM hI samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kiyaa| pazcAt ekasau terAsI varSa meM gyAraha muni daza pUrvake dhAraka hue| anantara dosau bIsa varSa meM pA~ca muni gyAraha aMgake dhArI hue / tadanantara ekasoM aThAraha varSa meM subhadragurU, jayabhadra', yazovAhu aura mahApUjya lohArya ye cAra muni AcArAMgake dhArI hue| inake pazcAt mahAtapasvI vinayandhara, guptazrutti, guptaRSi, munIzvara zivagupta, arhabali, mandarArya, mitravIravi, baladeva, mitraka, siMhabala vIravit, padmasena, vyAghrahasta, mAgahastI, jitadaNDa, nandiSeNa, dIpasena, dharasena, sudharmasena, siMhasena, sundiSeNa, Izvarasena, sundiSeNa, abhayasena, siddhasena, abhayasena, bhImasena, jinasena aura zAntisena AcArya hue / anantara SadkhaNDAgamake jJAtA, indriyajayI jayasena nAmaka AcArya hue| inake ziSya prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa, prabhAvazAlI aura siddhAntapAragAmI amitasena guru hue| ye pavitra punnATa gaNake agraNI-- agresara AcArya the| __ jinendra zAsanake snehI paramatapasvI, sau varSakI Ayuke dhAraka evaM dAtAoMmeM mukhya ina amitasena AcAryane zAstradAnake dvArA pRthivImeM apanI vadAnyatAdAnazIlatA prakaTa kI thI 1 ina amitasenake agraja dharmabandhu kotiSeNa nAmaka muni the; jo zAnta, buddhimAna aura tapasvI the / inake ziSya jinasena prathama hue / isa prakAra putrATasaMghI AcAryoko paramparA clii| dhavalATIkAke ullekhAnusAra pAMca zrutakeliyoMke pazcAt vizAkhAcArya, proSTila, kSatriya, jayAcArya,nAgAcArya, siddhArthadeva, dhRtisena, vijayAcArya, buddhila, gaMgadeva aura dharmasena ye gyAraha AcArya ekAdaza aMga aura utpAdapUrva Adi daza pUrvoke dhAraka tathA zeSa cAra pUrvoke ekadeza ghAraka hue| ___ isake pazcAt nakSatrAcArya, jayapAla, pANDusvAmI,dhruvasena aura kaMsAcArya ye pAMca acArya sampUrNa gyAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrvaka ekadeza dhAraka hue / anantara 1. harivaMzapurANa 66 / 23-24. 2. vahI, 66 / 25-33. 314 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI bhAcArya paramparA

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subhadra, yazomaMdra, yazobAhu aura lohAryaM AcArAMga ke dhAraka tathA zeSa aMga evaM pUrvoke ekadeza dhAraka hue| isake anantara dharasena, bhUtaMbalI, puSpadanta Adi AcArya hue / ' isa prakAra saMghakA vikAsa deza, kAla evaM paristhitiyoM ke anusAra hotA gayA / nirgrantha sarka pradhAna kendra zravaNarvatamAlA, mathurA Adi sthAna tathA zvetAmbara saMgha ke ujjayinI, balabhI, pratiSThAna prabhRti sthAna bane / yadyapi samayake prabhAva ke kAraNa aneka vikRtiyAM utpanna huIM, para tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke siddhAnta akSuNNa rahe / AcAryoMkI paTTAvalI kaI rUpoM meM milatI hai| ina paTTAvaliyoMmeM samAnatA ke sAtha kaI viSamatAeM bhI upalabdha hotI haiM / 1. badalATIbara 1 pustaka, pR0 66-67. , 2. vizeSake lie dekheM - AcArya paramparA, dvitIya tRtIya bhAga / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 315

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aSTama pariccheda dezanA-jJeyatatva virAsatako upalabdhi aura vitaraNa tIrthakara mahAvIrake pUrva teIsa anya tIrthakara ho cuke the, jinakI virAsata unheM sahajarUpameM upalabdha huI tho / teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArvanAyako hue abhI adhika samaya nahIM vyatIta huA thaa| ata: unakI paramparA dharmadezanAke rUpameM prApta thI / pArzvanAtha mahAvIrase kevala 250 varSa pUrva hue the| pArzvanAthake anakalyANakArI upadezake sambandhameM koI nizcita vivaraNa prApta nahIM hotA, para jaina aura bauddha granthoMse yaha jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne cAturyAma dharmakA upadeza diyA thaa| pArzvanAthake samayameM bAlatapa aura yajJIya hiMsAkI samasyAeM jvalanta thIM, ata: inhoMne kevalajJAna prApta kara apane upadeza dvArA unakA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA / - 316 -

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pAzvanAtha anya sothaMkaroMke samAna acela the| ataH mahAvIrako unase acela-zrama upalabdha huA thaa| yadi pArzvanAtha svayaM sacelaka hote aura unakI paramparAmeM sAdhuoMke lie vastrakI svIkRti hotI, to mahAvIra svayaM na to digambara rahakara sAdhanA hI karate aura na nagnatAko sAdhutvakA anivArya aMga mAnakara use vyAvahArika rUpa hI dete| suprasiddha vidvAn paM0 becaradAsa dozIne "jaina sAhitya meM vikAra" granthameM spaSTa likhA hai--"kisI vaidyane saMgrahaNIke rogIko davAke rUpameM aphIma sevana karanekI salAha do thI, kintu roga dUra honepara bhI jaise jo tapakI gA rahatA hai, lora maha ise nahIM chor3anA cAhatA, vaisI hI dazA isa ApavAdika vastra kI huii|" ___ ata: yaha saMbhava hai ki pArzvanAthakI paramparAke sAghu mRdumArgako svIkAra kara vastra dhAraNa karane lage hoM aura isa ApavAdika vastrako utsarga mArgameM grahaNa kara liyA ho| uttarAdhyayanake kezo-gautama saMbAdameM isa ApavAdika vastrako gandha prApta hotI hai / vastutaH mahAvIrako pArzvanAthakA sarvasAvadyatyAgarUpa digambara-mArga upalabdha huaa| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya aura aparigraha rUpa cAturyAmadharmameM sarvaprANihitakI bhAvanA samAhita thI / brahmacaryakA antarbhAva aparigrahameM kiyA gayA thaa| tIrthakara mahAvIrane bhagavAn pArzvanAthake isa dharmamArgako Age bddh'aayaa| mahAvIrake samayameM rAjanItikA AdhAra dharma banA huA thA / varga-svArthiyoMne dharmakI Ar3ameM apane vargake saMrakSaNa hetu bahuta prakArake niyama-kAnUna banA DAle the| Izvarake nAmapara abhijAta varga vizeSa prabhusattA lekara utpanna hotA thaa| isake janmajAta uccatvakA abhimAna svavargake saMrakSaNa taka hI nahIM phelA thA, kintu zudra prabhRti nimna vargake vyaktiyoMke mAnavocita adhikAra bho apahRtta kiye jA cuke the / svarmalAbhake lie bar3e-bar3e yajJoMkA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA thaa| jo dharma prANimAtrake lie sustra-zAntikA kAraNa thA, yahI hiMsA, viSamatA, pratAr3ana aura zoSaNakA astra banA huA thA / ataeva tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane dharmasamAjake kSetrameM mAnavamAtrako samAna adhikAra diye / dharmasAdhanameM jAti, kula, zarIra aura AkArake bandhanako svIkAra nahIM kiyA / mahAvIrane apanI tapa, saMyama aura dhyAnako sAdhanA dvArA svayaM divyajyoti prApta kI aura tadanantara upalabdha usa jyotike prakAzako janatAmeM boTa diyA / unakI sAdhanAkA Arambhika aura antima bindu vItarAgatA thii| antara kevala 1. jaina sAhityameM vikAra, pR0 40. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 317

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pUrNatA aura apUrNatAkA hai / vItarAgatAkI carama pariNati ho pUrNatA hai aura dezanA pUrNatAko sthitimeM hI saMbhava hotI hai| sAdhanAke samayameM to mahAvIra prAyaH mauna rhe| unhoMne mauna rahakara hI vibhinna prakArake upasarga aura parISahoMko jItA / mauna sAdhanA hI AtmAke AvaraNoMko haTAne meM samartha hotI hai / kAma, krodha, mada, lobha aura mohAdi ananta vikRtiyoMke mUla bIja haiMrAga aura dveSa / sAdhanA isI rAga-dveSase mukta honeko dizAmeM puruSArtha hai| jaba AtmA vikRtiyoMse mukta hokara apane vizuddha mUlasvarUpameM pahuMca jAtI hai, to vaha sadAke lie paramazuddha bana jAtI hai| samasta padArthokI trikAlavartI guNaparyAe~ pratibhAsita hone lagatI haiN| yahI avasthA sIrthakara, sarvajJa aura vItarAgakI hotI hai| mahAvIrane kevalajJAna prApta kara virAsatake rUpameM mile dharmakA ananta guNAtmaka rUpameM pravacana kiyaa| zeyasvarUpa pravacana tIrthaMkara mahAvIra apane samayake mahAn tapasvI hI nahIM the, balki eka uccakoTike vicAraka tattvAnveSI the| unhoMne dharma, aura dArzanika vicAroMko sAdhu-jIvanake caramoddezya muktike sAtha nibaddha kara kriyAtmaka rUpa diyaa| batalAyA ki saMsArake bandhanameM par3A huA jova apane puruSArtha dvArA koMke bhArase pUrNa mukta hokara zAzvata sukha mokSako prApta kara sakatA hai| __ mahAvIrake samaya meM muktike sAtha jIvasvarUpa, jIvakA astitva, jagatkA nityatva-anityatva, AtmAkA zarIrase bhinna-abhinnatva, lokasvarUpa, Adi praznoMko carcA vidyamAna thI / ataH unhoMne dharma-AcArake nirUpaNa ke pUrva vastusvarUpakA vivecana Avazyaka samajhA, yataH jJeya yA vastuke svarUpa parijhAnake binA zeyako grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / heyopAdeya kI pravRtti jJeyasvarUpake parijJAnase hI hotI hai / ahiMsA, satya, avaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigrahakA AcaraNa bhI leyako jAnakArIke abhAva meM saMbhava nhiiN| ataeva jJeyasvarUpa, jJeyake bheda-prabheda, unakA sarvAvivecana tathA lokavyavasthA Adike sambandhameM dezanA haI / janasAdhAraNake sammukha uThanevAle jIvAdi-sambandhI praznoMkA samAdhAna bhI zeyake antargata samAhita hai / ataH tIrthakara mahAvIrake mukhase pahalA vAkya-"uppannei vA vigamei vA dhuvei vA' niklaa| arthAt vastu-pratikSaNa utpanna hotI hai, naSTa hotI hai aura dhruva rahatI hai / ye tInoM hI avasthAe~ jisameM rahatI haiM, baho jJeya hai, vastu hai, padArtha hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase yukta hai, vahI sat hai aura 318 : topaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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7 jo sat hai vahI dravya hai / utpAda utpattiko vyaya vinAzako aura nauvya avasthitiko kahate haiM / ina tInoMkA paraspara meM avinAbhAva hai- udake dinA arya nahIM hotA, vyayake vinA utpAda nahIM hotA aura dhIvya yA sthitike vinA utpAda aura vyaya nahIM hote'| dUsare zabdoM meM jo utpAda hai, vahI vyaya hai, jo vyaya hai bahI utpAda hai aura jo utpAda vyaya hai, vahIM sthiti hai tathA jo sthiti hai vahI utpAda vyaya haiM / udAharaNArtha yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo ghaTako utpatti hai, vahI miTTI meM piNDakA vinAza hai, yataH bhAva anya bhAvake abhAvarUpase dRSTigocara hotA hai / jo miTTI ke piNDakA vinAza hai, vahI ghar3ekA utpAda hai, kyoMki abhAva anya bhAvake bhAva rUpase dikhalAyI par3atA hai aura jo ghaTakA utpAda tathA miTTI ke piNDakA vinAza hai, vahI miTTIkI sthiti hai, kyoMki vyatireka anvayakA atikramaNa nahIM karatA | P yadi uparyukta sthitiko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAya, to utpatti anya vinAza anya aura sthiti anya prApta hoNge| vastumeM vyaya aura provyake binA kevala utpAdako hI mAnA jAya to ghaTakI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hogI; kyoMki miTTI kI sthiti aura usakI piNDa-paryAya ke vinAzake binA ghaTa utpanna nahIM ho sakegA / yadi utpanna hogA to asatkA utpAda mAnanA par3egA | eka bAla yaha bhI hogI ki jisa prakAra ghaTa utpanna nahIM hogA, usI prakAra anya padArtha bhI utpanna nahIM hoMge / asatkA utpAda mAnanepara AkAza kusuma jaisI asaMbhava vastuoM kA bhI utpAda mAnanA hogA | 1. Na bhavo bhaMgaviNo bhaMgo vA patthi saMbhavavihoNo / uppAdo yi bhaMgo Na triNA dhoveNa atyeNa // - pravacanasAra, gAthA 100. 1 2. na khalu sargaH saMhAramantareNa na saMhAro vA sargamantareNa na sRSTisaMhAro sthitima ntareNa na sthitiH sagaM saMhAramantareNa / ya eva hi sargaH sa eva saMhAraH ya eva saMhAraH sa eva sargaH yA veda sargasaMhArI seva sthitiH, yaiva sthitistAveva sargasaMhArAviti / tathA hi- ha ya eva kumbhasya sargaH sa eva mRtkhiNDasya saMhAraH, bhAvasya bhAvAntarAbhAvasvabhAvenAvabhAsanAt / ya eva ca mRtpiNDasya saMhAraH sa eva kumbhasya sarga, abhAvasya bhAvAntarabhavasvabhAvenAvabhAsanAt / yo ca kumbhapiNDayoH sarvasaMhArI saMgha mRttikAyA: sthitiH, vyatirekamukhena vAnvayasya prakAzanAt / maiva ca mRttikAyAH sthitistAveva kumbhapiNDayoH sagaM saMhArI, vyatirekANAmanyayAnatikramaNAt / - pravacanasAra, gAyA 100 kI amRtacandrAcArya-TIkA. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 319

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isI prakAra utpAda aura dhrauvyake vinA kaivala vyaya mAnanepara vyayake kAraNa labhAva honese miTTI ke piNakA vinAza nahIM ho sakegA / yadi ukta sthitimeM vinAza hogA to satke ucchedakA bhI prasaMga AemA / miTIke piNDakA vinAza honepara sabhI padArthokA vinAza nahIM hogA aura satkA uccheda honese caitanyAdikA bhI uccheda ho jAyagA / utpAda aura vyayake vinA kevala sthiti mAnanepara vyatireka sahita sthitirUpa anvayakA abhAva honese miTTIkI sthiti hI nahIM rahegI athavA kevala kSaNikatvako prApta ho jaaygaa| miTrokI sthiti nahIM honepara sabhI padArthoM kI sthiti nahIM hogI / kSaNikanityatA. meM bauddhasammata cittakSaNa bhI nitya ho jaayNge| attaH pUrva-pUrva paryAyoMke vinAza, uttarottara paryAyoMke utpAda tathA anvayarUpa kI / sthitise avinAbhUta lakSaNya hI jJeya-padArthakA svarUpa hai / yahI sat hai aura sat hI dravya hai| ukta vilakSaNAtmaka padArtha yA dravyake mAnanese vaizeSika Adi anya darzanoMke samAna guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva nAmaka pRthak padArtha mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, ye saba dravyako avasthAeM haiN| tIrthakara mahAvIrane apane isa zripadI mAtRkA-vAkya dvArA vastuke ekAntarUpa nityatva aura anityatva-kSaNikatvako samIkSA kii| unhoMne udghoSita kiyA ki isa vizvameM na koI vastu sarvathA nitya hai aura koI sarvathA kSaNika hI / donoM samasvabhAva haiN| jaise AkAza dravyarUpase nitya hai, usI prakAra dIpaka bho nitya hai aura jisa prakAra paryAyarUpase dIpaka kSaNika hai, usI prakAra AkAza bhI -- - ... .. .-. . . . ... 1. yadi punarnedamevamidhyeta tadAnya: sargo'nyaH saMhAraH anyA sthitirityAyAti / tathA sati hi kevalaM sagaM mugayamANasya kumbhasyotpAdana kAraNAbhAvAdabhavanireva bhavet, asadutpAda eva vaa| tatra kumbhasyAbhavanau sarveSAmeva bhAvAnAmabhavanirava bhvet| asadutpAde vA nyomaprasavAdInAmapyutpAdaH syAt / tathA kevalaM saMhAramArabhamANasya bhUpiNDasya saMhArakAraNAbhAbAdasaharaNirava bhavet, saduccheda eva vaa| tatra mRtpiNDasyAsaharaNI sarveSAmeva bhAvAnAmasaMharaNireva bhvet| saducchede vA saMdAdonAmapyucchedaH syAt / tathA kevalo sthitimpagacchantyA mRttikAyA vyatirekAkrAntasthisyanvayAbhAvAdasthAnirava bhavet, kSaNinityatvameva vaa| tatra muktikAyA asthAno sarveSAmeva bhAvAnAmasthAnirava bhavet / kSaNikanityatve kA cittakSaNAnAmapi nityatvaM syAt / tata uttarottaradhyatirekANAM sargaNa pUrvapUrvadhyatirekANAM saMhAreNAnvayasthAvasthAnenAdinAbhUtamuyotamAnanirvighnatralakSaNyalAgchanaM dravyamavazyamanumantavyam |-prvcnsaar, gAthA 100kI amRtavandra-TIkA. 320 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI bhAcArya-paramparA

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kSaNika hai / yataH pratyeka sat utpAda-vyaya- zrIvyAtmaka hai' / ataeva AkAza bhI utpAda, vyaya aura dhIvyarUpa hai, usameM bhI pratikSaNa utpAda, vyayakI dhArA cala rahI hai / para isa dhArAke calanepara bhI AkAzakA svabhAva kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA / vastu ke pratikSaNa parivartanazIla hote hue bhI usameM eka pravAhita havI hai / ise hI dravyarUpa kahate haiM aura parivartanako paryAyarUpa / ataH vastu yA padArtha dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai / utpAda, vyaya aura dhIvya paryAyoMmeM hote haiM aura paryAyeM dravyameM sthita haiM / tathya yaha hai ki kisI bhAva arthAt satyakA atyanta nAza nahIM hotA aura kisI abhAva arthAt asat kA utpAda nahIM hotaa| sabhI padArtha apane guNa aura paryAyarUpase utpAda, vyaya aura ghoSya yukta rahate haiM / vizvameM jitane sat haiM, ve traikAlika sat haiN| unako saMkhyA meM kabhI parivartana nahIM hotA; para unake guNa aura paryAyoMmeM parivartana avazya hotA hai, isakA koI apavAda nahIM ho sakatA hai | pratyeka sat pariNAmazIla honese utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya yukta hai / vaha pUrva paryAyako chor3akara uttara paryAya dhAraNa karatA hai| usake pUrva paryAyoMke vyaya aura uttara paryAyoMke utpAdako yaha dhArA anAdi-ananta hai, kabhI bhI vicchina nahIM hotii| cetana athavA acetana sabhI prakAra ke sat utpAda, vyaya aura provyakI paramparAse yukta haiM / yaha trilakSaNa padArthakA maulika dharma hai, ataH use pratikSaNa pariNamana karanA hI caahie| ye pariNamana kabhI sadRza hote haiM aura kabhI visadRza tathA ye kabhI eka dUsare ke nimittase bhI prabhAvita hote haiN| utpAda, vyaya aura zravyako pariNamana-paramparA kabhI bhI samApta nahIM hotI / agaNita aura ananta parivartana honepara bhI vastukI sattA kabhI naSTa nahIM hotI aura na kabhI usakA maulika dravya hI naSTa hotA hai| usakA guNaparyAyAtmaka svarUpa banA rahatA hai / sAdhAraNataH guNa nitya hote hai aura paryAya anitya / ataH dravyako nityAnitya kahA jAtA hai / utpAda, vyaya aura zrIvyAtmaka sat hI dravya hai / sat ke sambandhameM cAra mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiM:1. sat eka aura nitya hai 1 1. utpAdavyayazrIvyayuktaM sat-tattvArthasUna 5/30. 2. uppAdaTThadibhaMgA vijjete pajjaesu paJjAthA / dave hi saMti viyadaM tamhA davyaM hayadi sambaM // 21 - -- pravacanasAra - gApA 101. vIkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 321

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2. sat nAnA aura utpAda-vyaya-vizaraNazIla hai / 3. sara aura asat donoM haiM tathA sat kAraNadravyoMkI apekSA nitya aura kAryadravyoMkI apekSA anitya hai| 4. satke vetana aura avetana bho 6 haiN| tri hai aura agana pariNAmI nitya hai| __ tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane sat yA padArthake sambandhameM pracalita ukta dhAraNAoMkI samIkSA karate hue padArtha yA satko na to sarvathA nitya kahA aura na sarvathA anitya hii| kAraNadravyako sarvazrA nitya mAnanese arthakriyAkAritvakA virodha AyagA aura vastu niSkriya siddha ho jAyagI / kAryadrathyakI apekSA sarvathA anitya mAnanese bhI vastu-ucchedakA prasaMga AyegA / ataeva apanI jAtikA tyAga kiye vinA navIna paryAyako prApti utpAda hai, pUrva paryAyakA tyAga vyaya hai aura anAdi pAriNAmika svabhAvarUpase anvaya banA rahanA prauvya hai| ye utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya sat yA dravapake nija rUpa haiN| tathya yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu parivartanazIla hai aura usameM vaha parivartana pratisamaya hotA hai| udAharaNArtha eka nanheM zizuko liyA jA sakatA hai| isa zizumeM prazikSaNa parivartana ho rahA hai, ataH kucha samaya bAda vaha yuvA hotA hai aura tadanantara bRddha / zaMzavase yuvakatva aura yubakatvase vRddhatvako prApti ekAeka nahIM ho jAtI hai / ye donoM avasthAeM pratikSaNa honevAle sUkSma parivartanakA ho pariNAma haiM / yaha yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki pratikSaNa honevAlA yaha parivartana itanA sukSma hotA hai ki hama use dekhane meM asamartha haiN| para isa parivartanake honepara bhI usa zizu meM ekarUpatA banI rahatI hai, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha apanI yuvA aura vRddha avasthAmai bhI pahacAnA jAtA hai| yadi vilakSaNAtmaka na mAnakara dravyako kevala nitya mAneM, to usameM kUTastha nityatA A jAyagI aura kisI bhI prakArakA pariNamana nahIM ho skegaa| yadi anitya mAna liyA jAye to AtmAke sarvathA kSaNika honese pUrva meM jJAta kiye gaye padArthokA smaraNa Adi vyApAra bhI nahIM bana skegaa| dravyameM guNa nada hote haiM aura paryAya utpAda-vinAzazIla | ataH utpAdavyayaprauvyAtmakakA abhiprAya guNaparyAyAtmakase hai| dravyake ina tInoM lakSaNoM se ekake kahanese zeSa do lakSaNa svataH vyakta ho jAte haiM, kyoMki jo sat hai, vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyayukta hai aura guNa-paryAyakA Azraya bhI hai tathA jo guNaparyAyAtmaka hai, vaha sat hai aura utpAda, vyaya tathA dhrauvyase saMyukta hai / 322 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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mahAvIrane sattvako trayAtmaka batAyA hai| isa trayAtmakatAko middhi nimnalikhita udAharaNa dvArA hotI hai: eka rAjAke eka putra aura eka kanyA thii| rAjAke pAsa eka svarNakalaza hai / kanyA usa kalazako cAhatI hai, kintu rAjaputra usa kalazako tor3akara mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai| rAjA putrako haTha pUro karaneke lie kalazako tur3avAkara usakA mukuTa banavA detA hai| kalazanAzase kanyA duHkhI hotI hai, mukuTake utpAdase putra prasanna hotA hai| para rAjA to svarNakA icchuka hai, jo kalaza TUTakara mukuTa bana jAnepara bhI madhyastha rahatA hai, use na zoka hotA hai aura na harSa / asaH vastu trayAtmaka hai|' eka anya udAharaNa bhI mananIya hai: jisane kevala dUdha hI sevana karanekA ta liyA hai, vaha dahI nahIM khAtA / jisane kevala dahI khAnekA vrata liyA hai, vaha dUdha nahIM khAtA aura jisane gorasamAtra na khAnekA vrata liyA hai, vaha na dUdha khAtA hai aura na dahI; kyoMki dUdha aura dahI donoM gorasako paryAyeM haiM, ataH gorasattva donoM meM hai / ataeva siddha hotA hai ki vastu utpAda-vyaya-dhaumyAtmaka hai| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane padArthakA svarUpa trayAtmaka khaa| vastutaH pratyeka padArtha manantadharmAtmaka hai / ise saMkSepameM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| svarUpAstitva aura trayAtmakatA ____ astitva do prakArakA hai:-(1) svarUpAstitva aura (2) sAdRzyAstitva / pratyeka dravya yA padArthako anya sajAtIya athavA vijAtIya dravyase asaMkIrNa rakhanevAlA aura usake svatantra vyaktitvakA prayojaka svarUpAstitva hai| isa 1. paTamAnisuvArthI nAzotpAdaspitivvayam / zoSapramodamAmyasthyaM ano yAti sahetukam // -AptamImAMsA, pacha 59. 2. soyona sampatti na pavotti daSivataH / bolato moya tasmAtatvaM bhavAtmakam // -vahI, paca 6.. 1, sammAco hi bahAco guNehi sagapAehi cihi / dampasa savvakAlaM uppAdavyayadhUvattehiM / / astitvaM hi kila dravyastha svabhAvaH, tatpunaranyasAdhananiraMpekSaravAdanAcanAtatayA hetukaryakarUpatayA vRttyA mitrapravRttavAvibhAvadharmavelakSaNyAcca, bhAvabhAvavadmAvAlA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA / 323

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astitvake kAraNa pratyeka dravyakI paryAyeM apanese bhinna kisI bhI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyakI paryAyoMse asaMkIrNa banI rahatI haiM, jisase unakA pRthak astitva pAyA jAtA hai / yaha svarUpAstitva do kArya sampanna karatA hai: -- (1) pratyeka bravyako itara dravyoMse vyAvRta - pRthak karatA hai / (2) apane kAlakramase honevAlI paryAyoMmeM anugata rahatA hai / svarUpAstitvake kAraNa apanI paryAyoM meM anugatapratyaya - anugatAkArapratIti, utpanna hotI hai aura itara dravyoMse vyAvRtta pratyaya bhI / isa svarUpAstitvako UrdhvatA sAmAnya aura avAntarasattA bhI kahA jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki pratyeka dravyake jitane akhaNDa pradeza haiM, vaha dravya utane pradezoMke sAtha apanI sattAko dUsare dravyase pRthak rakhatA hai tathA usakI isa avAntara athavA pRthaka sattA meM hI guNaparyAyatva yA utpAda-vyaya- dhobyatva rahate haiM / jahA~ dravyakA astitva hai, vahIM usake guNa-paryAya haiM aura vahIM unake utpAda, vyaya evaM zrIvya haiN| na koI dravya kabhI apanI sattAko chor3atA hai, na guNa-paryAyoMko aura na utpAda, vyaya, dhauvyako hii| yahAM dravya hai, yahI apane kramika paryAyoM dvArA dravita - prApta hotA hai ! svarUpAstitvako hI dhauvya mAnA jAtA hai| kisI eka dravya ke pratikSaNa pariNamana karate rahanepara bhI usakA kisI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyAntararUpase pariNamana nahIM honA dhauvya hai / isa svarUpAstitvake hI dravya, zravya athavA guNa nAmAntara haiN| svarUpAstitva athavA dhIvya guNake kAraNa hI pratikSaNa paryAyarUpase parivartana honepara bhI usakI anAdyananta svarUpasthiti banI rahatI hai aura isI kAraNa dravyakA samUloccheda nahIM ho pAtA / yaha kAlpanika nahIM hai, paramArtha satya hai | sAdRzyAstitva aura trayAtmakatA nAnA dravyoMmeM anugata vyavahAra karanevAlA sAdRzyAstitva hotA hai / ise tiryak sAmAnya yA sAdRzyasAmAnya kahate haiM / aneka svatantra sattAvAle dravyoM meM nApi pradezarabhedAbhAvAd dravyeNa sahekatvamavalambamAnaM dravyasya svabhAva eva kathaM na bhavet / tattu dravyAntarANAmiva dravyaguNaparyAyANAM na pratyekaM parisamApyate / yato hi parasparasASita siddhikatvA teSAmastitvamekameva, kArtasvaraSat / - pravacanasAra, gAthA 96 tathA amRtacandrAcArya TIkA. 1. vaha vividdalakkhaNANaM lakkhaNamegaM saditi savvagayaM / uvadisA khalu dhammaM jiNavaravasaheja paNNattaM // --pravacanasAra, gAyA 97. 324 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI jAcArya - paramparA

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anugata pratyayakI kalpanA sambhava nahIM, yataH svatantra sattAvAle dravyoMmeM anusyUta koI eka padArtha ho hI nahIM sakatA | ise pRthak sattAvAle dravyoMkI saMyukta paryAya to mAnA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki eka paryAya meM do atiminakSetravartI dravya upAdAna nahIM hote | jisa vyakine aneka manuSyoMmeM bahutase avayavoMkI samAnatA dekhakara sAdRzyakI kalpanA kI hai, usIko usa sAdRzyake saMskArake kAraNa 'manuSyaH manuSyaH' isa prakArako anugasa pratIti hotI hai| mataeva do vibhinna dravyoMmeM anugata pratItikA kAraNabhUta sAdRzyAstitva mAnanA par3atA hai, ise hI mahAsattA kahA jAtA hai| abhiprAya maha hai ki eka dAsI zeyoMma bhanuparAjaya vA sAmAnyase hotA hai aura vyAvRttapratyaya paryAyanAmake vizeSase / do vibhinna dravyoMmeM anugatapratyaya tiryak sAmAnya-sadRzyAstitvase tathA vyAvRttapratyaya vyatirekanAmaka vizeSase hotA hai| tiryaka sAmAnyarUpa sAdRzyako abhivyakti yapi para-sApekSa hai, kintu usakA AdhArabhUta pratyeka dravya alaga-alaga hai / yaha ubhayaniSTha na hokara pratyekameM parisamApta hai| ___sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka athavA anantadharmAtmaka vastu yA padArthameM dhrauvyAMzako avaMtAsAmAnya aura utpAda-vyayako paryAya nAmaka vizeSa kahA jAtA hai| yadi kevala svarUpAstitvarUpa UrdhvatAsAmAnyako hI svIkAra kiyA jAya, to vastu vikAlameM sarvathA ekarasa, aparivartanazIla aura kUTastha banI rhegii| isa prakArake padArthameM koI pariNamana na honese jagatke samasta vyavahAra ucchinna ho jAyaMge / koI bhI kriyA kAryakArI nahIM ho skegii| puNya, pApa, bandha, mokSa Adiko vyavasthA bhI naSTa ho jAyagI / ataH vastu yA padArtha meM parivartana svIkAra karanA hogaa| isI prakAra yadi padArthako paryAyanAmaka vizeSake rUpameM hI svIkAra kiyA jAya arthAt kSaNika mAnA jAya, to pUrvakSaNakA uttarakSaNake sAtha koI sambandha hI ghaTita nahIM ho skegaa| ataeva padArtha yA vastu sAmAnya-vizeSa, eka-aneka, vidhiniSedha Adi parasparaviruddha pratIta honevAle samasta dharmophe samanvayakA piNDa hai| vastuko sarvathA nitya mAnanepara usameM utpAda-vyaya sambhava nahIM haiM, ataeva kriyA kArakako yojanA bhI nahIM bana sakatI hai| isI prakAra jo sarvathA asat hai, usakA kabhI janma nahIM hotA aura jo sat hai, usakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| dIpakake bujha jAnepara bhI usakA sarvathA nAza nahIM mAnA jAtA, yataH usa samaya andhakAra tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 325

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rUpa pudgala-paryAyake rUpa meM usakA apanA astitva rahatA hai|' davya : lakSaNa ___jo maulika padArtha apanI paryAyoMko kramazaH prApta hotA hai, vaha dravya hai| athavA aneka gaNoMke aviSvagbhAvaviziSTa akhaNDa piNDako dravya kahate haiN| dravyake nAmAntara padArtha, vastu aura tattva bhI haiN| dravyake 'sadbhAvyalakSaNaM' aura 'guNAparya yavad ye do lakSaNa prasiddha haiM / ina donoM lakSaNoMmeM paraspara-virodha nahIM hai, kintu apekSAvizeSase donoM eka hI abhiprAyake samarthaka haiN| dravya eka akhaNDa padArtha hai aura vaha aneka kArya karatA hai| isa kAraNakAryase anumisa kAraNarUpa zaktyaMzoMkI kalpanA kI jAtI hai tathA ina zaktyaMzoMko hI gaNa kahate haiN| ye guNa uma askhaNDa piNDa svarUpa dravyase bhinna sattAvAle koI bhinna padArtha nahIM haiN| ina guNoMkA samudAya hI dravya hai aura jo dravya hai, vahI guNa haiM / dravyase bhinna guNa nahIM aura guNoMse bhinna dravya nahIM hai / ukta donoM dravyalakSaNoMkA abhiprAya dravyakA kazcit nityAnityAtmaka honA hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa satmeM dhrauvya nityakA aura utpAda, vyatha utpatti tathA nAzake sUcaka haiN| jisameM utpatti aura nAza hote haiM, vaha anitya tathA prauvyake rahanese nitya mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra dravya kathaJcita nityAnitya siddha hotA hai| 'gaNapayaMgabaddavyaM' lakSaNameM bhI gaNa nitya dharmake sUcaka aura paryAya anitya dharmakA bodhaka haiN| ataeva donoM lakSaNoMkA tAtparya guNa : svarUpa aura bheSa zaktivizeSako guNa kahate haiM. isameM anya zaktikA bAsa nahIM rahatA, isalie ise nirguNa kahA jAtA hai / guNakA paryAya svabhAva aura vizeSako bhI mAnA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra AmraphalameM bhinna-bhinna indriyagocara sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa Adi aneka gaNa daSTigocara hote haiM, usI prakAra jova, pudgala Adi pratyeka dravyameM aneka guNa vidyamAna rahate haiM / ye guNa dravyase bhinna nahIM haiM / udAharaNArtha yo samajhA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra mUla, skandha, zAkhA, patra, puSpa aura phaloMke samudAyako vRkSa kahate haiM, tathA mUla, skandha Adi vRkSase bhinna padArya nahIM haiM, usI prakAra guNoMkA jo samudAya hai, vahI dravya hai / guNoMse dravya koI bhinna padArtha nahIM hai| 1. na sarvathA nisyamudezyapaiti na ca kriyAkArakamA mukam / navAsapto samma sato na nAzo dIpastamaH pudgalabhAvato'sti / svayambhUstotra,paya24. 326 / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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dravyameM ananta guNa vidyamAna haiM / inheM sAdhAraNataH do vargomeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai:--(1) sAmAnyaguNa aura (2) vizeSaguNa / jo gaNa aneka dravyoMmeM pAye jAte haiM, ve sAmAnya guNa haiN| sAmAnyaguNake mukhya cha: bheda haiM:--(1) astitva, (2) vastutva, (3) dravyatva, (4) prameyatva, (5) agasalaghutva aAra (6) pradezavatva / jisa kti ke nimittase dravyakA kabhI bhI abhAva nahIM hotA, sadA astitva canA rahatA hai, use astitva kahate haiN| jisa zaktike nimittase dravyameM arthakriyAkAritva vidyamAna rahatA hai, use yatva kahate haiM / isa gupha kAraNa hI dravya meM apIyAkI pravRtti dI hai| jisa zaktike nimitta dravya arthAt usake samasta guNa pratikSaNa eka avasthAko tyAgakara anya avasthAko prApta hote haiM, use dravyatva guNa kahate haiM / isa guNake kAraNa dravya pariNAmAntara arthAt paryAyarUpa pariNamana karatA hai / jisa zaktike nimittase dravya kisI na kisI jJAnakA viSaya ho, use prameyatva kahate haiM / isa guNako sadbhAvase dravya pramANakA viSaya banatA hai| jisa zaktike nimittase dravyako ananta zaktiyAM eka piNDarUpa rahatI hU~ tathA eka zakti dusarI zaktirUpa pariNamana nahIM karatI, usa zaktiko agurulaghulna guNa kahate haiM / jisa zaktike nimittase dravyameM AkAravizeSa hotA hai, use pradezavatva guNa kahate haiN| ye cha: guNa sAmAnya haiM, kyoMki sabhI dravyoMmeM pAye jAte haiM / cetanatva, mUtatva aura abhUtatva Adi vizeSaguNa haiM, kyoMki ye guNa khAsa dravyoM meM hI pAye jAte haiN| guNa dravyakA sahabhAvI vizeSa hai| gaNa vyase pathaka nahIM pAye jAte haiN| inheM bhI dravyake samAna kaJcit nitya aura kaJcit anitya mAnA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvameM jJAna, pudgalameM mattatva aura dharmadravyameM amUrtatva guNoMkA anvaya sadA dRSTigocara hotA hai| aisA samaya kabhI na to prApta huA hai aura na prApta hogA, jisameM jJAnAdi guNoMkA abhAva rahe / isase jJAta hotA hai ki jJAnAdi guNa nitya haiM aura unakI yaha nityatA pratyabhijJAnase siddha hai| viSaya-bhedase jIvakA jJAnaguNa parivartita ho sakatA hai| jaba vaha ghaTako jAnatA hai, taba jJAna ghaTAkAra ho jAtA hai aura jaba' paTako jAgatA hai, to paTA. kAra pariNata ho jAtA hai| para jJAnakI dhArA kabhI bhI vicchinna nahIM hotii| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 327

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ataeva jJAnasantAnakI apekSA jJAna guNa nitya hai| isI nityako dhauthya bhI kahA jAtA hai / apariNAmI dhruvatva iSTa nahIM haiN| phalitArtha yaha hai ki guNa vividha avasthAoMmeM rahakara bhI apane svabhAvako nahIM chor3atA, isI kAraNa vaha nitya kahA jAtA hai / yathA-harA Ama pakane para pIta ho jAtA hai, to bhI usase raMga pRthak nahIM rahatA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki varNa, nitya hai yahI siddhAnta samasta guNoMke sambandha hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki nityatAkA artha sarvadA eka-sA banA rahanA nahIM hai, apitu pariNamanazIlatAyukta satatapravahamAna rahanA bhI hai| kisI bhI vastu yA guNameM vijAtIya pariNamana nahIM hotaa| jIva badala kara pudgala yA anya dravyarUpa nahIM hotA aura pudgala yA anya dravya badalakara jIvarUpa nahIM hotaa| jIva sadA jIva hI banA rahatA hai aura pudgala pudgala ho / jo dravya jisa rUpa meM hai, usI rUpameM banA rahatA hai / jIva cIMTIse hAthI yA manuSya ho sakatA hai, para jIvasyako kabhI nahIM chor3a sakatA / ataeva pratyeka vastu yA gaNameM sajAsIya pariNamana nirantara hotA rahatA hai / prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki hamArI buddhi viSayake anusAra sadA parivartita hotI hai| jo buddhi vartamAnameM paTako jAna rahI hai, vaha kAlAntarameM ghaTako jAnane lagatI hai / isa prakAra harA Ama kAlAntarameM pIlA ho jAtA hai| ataH isa prakAra pariNamanoMkI bhinnatAke kAraNa hI guNoMko sarvathA nitya nahIM mAnA jA sakasA / isase siddha hai ki guNa kathaJcit anitya bhI haiM / tattvataH guNa aura paryAya sarvathA pRthak-pRthak siddha nahIM hote, ye kathaJcita bhedAbhedAtmaka haiN| yadi guNoMko sarvathA nitya aura paryAyoMko sarvathA anitya mAnA jAya, to arthakriyAkAritvakA virodha AtA hai / guNa aura paryAyoMse pRthak dravya nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai| jisa prakAra vastu pariNamanazIla hai, usI prakAra guNa bhI pariNamanazIla hai, ataH nizcayataH gaNameM bhI utpAda aura vyaya ye donoM hote haiM, unameM nauvyakI sthiti guNasantatiko apekSA pratyabhijJAnase siddha hai| ataeva guNa svayaMsiddha aura pariNAmI bhI haiM, isalie nitya aura anityarUpa honese unameM utpAda-vyaya. dhrauvyAtmakatA bhI siddha hai| saMkSepameM dravyameM bheda karanevAle dharmako guNa kahate haiM athavA jo dravyako dravyAntarase pRthak karatA hai, vaha guNa hai / vastuphI sahabhAvI vizeSatAkA vAcaka bho guNa hai / dravyake vistAra-vizeSako bhI AcAyoMne guNa mAnA hai / guNake anya prakArase tIna bheda haiM:-1. sAdhAraNa, 2. asAdhAraNa, 3. sAdhAraNAsAdhAraNa / 328 : TIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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vastusvarUpa vivecanakI dRSTise guNoMke cAra bhI bheda haiM:- 1. anujIvI, 2. pratijIvI, 3. paryAyazakti x. ApekSika rUpa / guNoMke svabhAva aura vibhAvakI apekSA se bhI bheda saMbhava haiM / bhAvasvarUpa guNa anujIvI kahalAte haiM / yathA - samyaktva, cAritra, sukha, cetanA, sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa Adi / vastuke abhAva svarUpa dharmako pratijIvI kahA jAtA hai / yathA --- nAstitva, amUrttatva, acetanatva Adi / prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, atyantAbhAva aura anyonyAbhAtra ye pratijIvI guNasvarUpa abhAvAMza hote haiN| prakArAntarase sAmAnyaguNake dasa bheda haiM: - ( 1 ) astitva, ( 2 ) vastutva, (3) dravyatva, (4) prameyatva (5) agurulaghutva, (6) pradezatva, (7) cetanatva, (8) acetanatva, (9) mUrttatva aura (10) amUrtatva / ina dasa guNoMmeMse pratyeka dravyameM ATha-ATha guNa rahate haiM / yataH jIvadravyameM acetanatva aura mUtatva nahIM haiM tathA pudgalameM cetanatva aura amUrtatva nahIM hai / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAladravyoM meM cetanatva aura mUttatvaguNakA abhAva hai| isa prakAra pratyeka dravyameM ATha-ATha guNa pAye jAte haiN| ApekSika guNoM meM nAstitva, ekatva, atyatva, kartRtva, akartRtva, bhoktRtva aura abhoktRtvakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai / guNoMke sAdhAraNatva aura asAdhAraNatvakA nirdeza karate hue batalAyA hai ki jJAnAdi guNa svajAtikI apekSA sAdhAraNa hote hue bhI vijAtikI apekSA asAdhAraNa hai / ye guNa jIvadravyake prati sAdhAraNa haiM aura zeSa dravyoMmeM na pAye jAnese unake prati asAdhAraNa hai| amUrttatva guNa pudgala dravyake prati asAdhAraNa hai, parantu AkAzAdi anya dravyoMke prati sAdhAraNa hai / pradezatva guNa kAladravya aura pudgala paramANuke prati asAdhAraNa hai, parantu zeSa dravyoMke prati sAdhAraNa hai / paryAya : svarUpa nirdhAraNa aura bheva dravyakI pariNatiko paryAya kahate haiM / paryAya' kA vAstavika artha vastukA aMza hai| aMzake do bheda hai: -- (1) anvayI aura (2) vyatirekI / anvayo aMzako guNa aura vyatirekIko paryAya kahate haiM / vyutpattikI dRSTise jo svabhAva, vibhAva | 1. pari samantAdAyaH paryAyaH - jo saba orase bhedako prApta kare, vaha paryAya hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 329

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rUpase pariNamana karatI hai, vaha paryAya hai|' pratisamayameM guNoMko honevAlI avasthAkA nAma paryAya hai / vyavahAra, vikalpa, bheda aura paryAya ekArthaka haiN| paryAya kramavartI, anitya, vyatirekI, utpAda-vyayarUpa aura kathaJcita dhrauvyAtmaka hotI haiM / 2 paryAyake vyaJjanaparyAya aura arthaparyAyakI apekSA do bheda haiM 1 pradezatva guNakI apekSA kisI AkArako lie hue dravyako jo pariNati hotI hai, use vyaJjanaparyAya kahate haiM aura anya guNoMkI apekSA SaDguNI hAnivRddhirUpa jo pariNati hotI hai, use arthaparyAya kahate haiN| ina donoM paryAyoMke svabhAva aura vibhAgakI apekSA do-do bheda hote haiM / svanimittakaparyAya svabhAvaparyAya hai ora paranamittakaparyAya vibhAvaparyAya hai| jIva aura pudgalako chor3akara zeSa cAra dravyoMkA pariNamana svanimittaka hotA hai, ataH unameM svabhAvaparyAya sarvadA rahatI hai| jIva aura pudgalakI jo paryAya paranimittaka hai, vaha vibhAvaparyAya kahalAtI hai| parakA nimitta dUra ho jAnepara jo paryAya hotI hai, vaha svabhAvaparyAya kahI jAtI hai / prakArAntarase vicAra karanepara dravyako aMza-kalpanAko paryAya kahA jAtA hai| yaha aMza-kalpanA do prakArako hotI hai:-(1) tiryagazakalpanA aura (2) UdhvazikalpanA / eka samayameM dravyake akhapar3a dezameM viSkambhakamase jo dezAMzoMkI kalpanA hotI hai, use tiryagaMzakalpanA kahate haiM aura isIko dravyaparyAya kahate haiN| aneka samayoMmeM pratyeka guNakI kAlakamase taratamarUpa guNAMzakalpanAko kavazikalpanA kahate haiM aura yahI guNaparyAya hai / ___ zakti-guNa doprakArakI hotI hai:-eka bhAvavatI zakti aura dUsarI kriyAvatI zakti / dravyake jJAnAdika svabhAvoMko bhAvavatI zakti kahate haiN| dravyako usa zaktiko, jisake nimittase dravyameM pradezaparispandana-calana hokara AkAra. vizeSakI prApti hoto hai, kriyAvatI zakti kahate haiN| isakA hI dUsarA nAma pradezatva hai| guNake pariNamanako guNaparyAya kahA jAtA hai / guNake do meda honese guNaparyAyake bhI do bheda haiM:-(1) athaMguNaparyAya aura (2) vyaJjanaguNa 1. svamASavibhAvaspasayA yAti parvati pariNamatIti paryAya iti / --bAlApapaddhati a. 6. 2. kramasino enisyA atha ca vyatirekiNazca pryaayaaH| utpAbampayarUpA api ca dhaummAmakAH kthyin| -paJcAdhyAyI, prathama adhyAya, padya 165. 330 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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paryAya / bhAvavatI zaktike pariNamanako arthaguNaparyAya aura kriyAvatI zaktike pariNamanako vyaJjana-guNaparyAya kahate haiN| pradezavatva guNake pariNamanakA nAma dravya yA vyaJjanaparyAya hai aura zeSa guNoMke pariNamanako guNaparyAya yA arthaparyAya kahA jAtA hai / ' saMsArakA pratyeka padArtha dravya, guNa aura paryAyase tanmayIbhAvako prApta ho rahA hai |kssnnbhrke lie bhI na to dravya paryAyase rahita milatA hai aura na paryAya dravyase rhit| yadyapi paryAya kramavartI hai, to bhI sAmAnyarUpase koI na koI paryAya pratyeka samaya meM rahatI hai / isI dravyaparyAyAtmaka padArthako sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA anekAntAtmaka kahA jAtA hai / ataeva jJeya utpAdAdi yAtmaka, gaNaparyAyAtmaka hai| jJAnakA viSaya honese yaha jJeya kahalAtA hai / jJeya artha dravyarUpa hai aura dravya guNa-paryAyarUpa hai / isa prakAra dravya, guNa aura paryAyakA trika hI jJAnakA viSaya honese jheya kahA gayA hai| ___jIvAdi dravya apanA-apanA svataH siddha astitva rakhate haiM aura lokAkAzameM eka kSetrAvagAharUpase sthita honepara bhI apanI-apanI svatantra sattAko nahIM dravya-nirUpaNa guNa aura paryAyoMko prApta honevAle dravyake mUla cha: bheda haiM:-(1) jodha, (2) pudgala, (3) dharma, (4) adharma, (5) AkAza aura (6) kAla / ye cha: dravya jJeya yA prameya kahalAte haiN| inameM jIva, pudgala aura kAla aneka medasvarUpa 1. tamma yato'sti vizeSaH sati ca gaNAnAM gaNatvavatve'pi / vividhA tathA syAt krimAvatI zaktirava ca mAgavatI // tatra kriyA pradezo deSAparispandalakSaNo vA syAt / bhAvaH zaktivizeSastatpariNAmo'thavA niraMzAMza: / / saptare pradezabhAgAstatare dravyasya paryAyanAmnA / patare ca vizeSAzAstatare gugaparyayA bhavamsyeva / / -paJcAdhyApI, 1133-135. viSkambhaHkama iti vA kramaH pravAhasya kAraNaM tasya / na vipakSitamiha kiJcittatra tapAsvaM kimampapAtvaM vA // kramavartitvaM nAma vyatirekapurassaraM viziSTa / samapati bhavati na so'yaM bhavati sapAya paNa ma bhavati // hI, 1 / 174-75. tIrthakara mahAvIra mora sanakI dekhanA : 331

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haiM aura dharma, adharma evaM AkAza ye tIna dravya aneka bhedasvarUpa na hokara ekaeka akhaNDa dravya hai / jo guNa apane samasta bhedoM meM rahakara anya dravya meM na pAyA jAya vahI vizeSaguNa lakSaNasvarUpa hotA hai, tathA isIke dvArA dravyakI pahacAna hotI hai / ina chaH dravyoMmeM jIva aura ajIva dravya pradhAna haiM, yataH sabhI dravya kisI na kisI rUpameM ina donoM drazyoMke hetu kAryarata rahate haiM / prakhamataH jIvadravyakA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai: -- jIvadravya svarUpa jIva aura ajIvakA samparka hI aisI vibhinna zaktiyoM kA nirmANa karatA hai, jinake kAraNa jIvako nAnA prakArakI avasthAoMkA anubhava karanA par3atA hai| yadi yaha samparka dhArA avaruddha ho jAya aura upanna hue bandhanoMko jarjarita yA naSTa kara diyA jAya, to jIva apanI zuddha buddha aura mukta avasthAko prApta ho sakatA hai / I jIva indriya- agocara aisA tattva hai, jisakI pratIti anubhUti dvArA hI sambhava hai| jIvako ho AtmA kahA jAtA hai / prANiyoMke acetana tattvase nirmita zarIra ke bhItara svatantra AtmatattvakA astitva hai aura yaha Atmatatva hI cetana yA upayogarUpa hai| AtmA svatantra aura maulika hai| upayoga jIvakA lakSaNa hai aura upayogakA artha caitanya pariNati hai| caitanya jIvakA asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jisake kAraNa vaha samasta jar3a drabhyoMse apanA pRthak astitva rakhatA hai | bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNoMse isa caitanyake jJAna aura darzana rUpase do pari I mana hote haiM / jaba caitanya svase bhinna kisI jJeyako jAnatA hai, usa samaya vaha jJAna kahalAtA hai aura jaba caitanya mAtra jJeyAkAra rahatA hai, taba vaha darzana kahalAtA hai / jIva asaMkhyAta pradezavAlA hai aura anAdikAlase sUkSma kArmaNa zarIrase sambaddha hai | ataH caitanya yukta jIvakI pahacAna vyavahAra meM pA~ca indriya, mana-vacana-kAyarUpa tIna bala tathA zvAsocchvAsa aura Ayu isa prakAra daza prANarUpa lakSaNoMko hInAdhika sattAke dvArA hI kI jA sakatI hai / " yoM to jIva meM aneka guNa haiM, para usako kattutva aura bhoktRttva zaktiyA~ pradhAna haiM / (1) jIva jIva hai, (2) upabhogarUpa hai. (3) amUrtika hai, (4) karttA hai, 1. paMca vi iMdiyapANA manavacakAyesu tiSNi alapANA / ANapANayANA AjagapANeNa hoMti dasa pANA // go0 jI0 129. 332 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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(5) svadeha parimANa hai, (6) bhoktA hai, (7) saMsArI hai, (8) siddha hai aura (9) hai svabhAvase urdhvaM gamana karanevAlA | " saMsAra meM jIvoMkI saMkhyA ananta hai / pratyeka zarIra meM vidyamAna jIva apanA svatantra astitva rakhatA hai aura isa astitvakA kabhI saMsAra athavA mokSameM vinAza nahIM hotaa| jova meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ye cAra pudgalake dharma nahIM pAye jAte haiM / ataeva vaha svabhAvase amUrtika hai, phira bhI pradezoMmeM saMkoca aura vistAra honese vaha apane choTe-bar3e zarIrake parimANa ho jAtA hai / vAtmasiddhi yaha prazna nirantara uThAyA jA rahA hai ki AtmA zarIrake atirikta aura koI tattva nahIM hai / jaba Atma-tattva nahIM, to phira saMsAra, bandha aura mokSakI AvazyakatA ho kyA hai ? ataeva pRthvI, jala, vAyu aura AkAzake atirikta Atma-tattva nahIM hai / ina cAroM bhUtoMke saMyogase hI cetanyazaktikI utpattihotI hai, jisa prakAra gur3a, jau, Adike saMyogase mAdakazakti utpanna ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra ina cAroM bhUtoMke saMyogase isa zarIrarUpI yantrakA saMcAlana utpanna ho jAtA hai / dehAtmavAda yA anAtmavAdake anusAra zarIra hI AtmA hai, isase bhinna koI AtmA nahIM | ataeva punarjanma aura paralokakA abhAva hai| yadi zarIrase bhinna koI AtmA hai aura maranepara yaha AtmA paraloka calI jAtI hai, to bandhubAndhavoMke snehase AkRSTa ho, vaha vahA~si lauTa kyoM nahIM AtI hai| hameM indri yAtIta koI AtmA dikhalAyI nahIM par3atI / ataH bhUtacatuSTaya ke saMyoga se utpanna zakti- vizeSa hI AtmA hai / pratyakSa dvArA bhautika jagatkA jJAna prApta hotA hai / yaha jagat cAra prakArake bhautika tattvoMse banA huA hai / vAyu, agni, jala aura pRthvI ye cAra hI bhautika tattva haiM / ina tattvoMkA jJAna hameM indriyoMke dvArA prApta hotA hai / saMsArake jitane dravya haiM, ve sabhI ina cAra tattvoMse bane hue haiN| uttarapakSa yaha jIva apane zarIrameM sukhAdikakI saraha svasaMvedanase jAnA jAtA hai / kyoMki usake sva-saMvidita hone meM koI bhI bAdhaka kAraNa nahIM hai aura dUsarI 1. jIvo uvaoogamao bamuti kattA sadeha parimANo / bhottA saMsAratno muto so visvasokhagaI // dravyasaMgraha, gA0 2. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 333

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bAta yaha hai ki buddhipUrvaka kArya - yAra dekhA jAtA hai| staH jisa prakAra apane zarIra meM jIva hai, usI prakAra dUsareke zarIra meM bhI jIva hai, yaha anumAnase use jAnA jAtA hai | tatkAla utpanna huA bAlaka jo mAtAke stana pItA hai, pUrvabhavakA saMskAra chor3akara anya koI bhI sikhAnevAlA nahIM hai / AtmA amUrti hai aura jJAnake dvArA hI jAnI jAtI hai| bhUtacatuSTayake saMyoga se jona utpanna hotA hai, yaha kathana bhI nirAdhAra hai, kyoMki baTalohI meM dAla banAte samaya jala, agni, vAyu aura pRthvI ina cAroM tattvoM kA saMyoga hai, para cetanakI utpatti nahIM hotI hai| gur3a Adike sambandhase honevAlI jisa acetana unmAdino zaktikA kathana kiyA hai, vaha udAharaNa cetana ke viSaya meM lAgU nahIM hotA / bhUtacatuSTayarUpa Atma-tatvakI siddhi sambhava nahIM hai / yataH pRthvI, apa, teja aura vAyu ye tattva haiN| inake samudAyase zarIra, indriya aura viSayAbhilASa abhivyakta hotI hai / yaha abhivyakti kisakI hai? satkI yA asatkI athavA sad-asadrUpakI ? prathama pakSa meM anAdi aura ananta cetanyakI siddhi ho jaaygii| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sad caitanyakI abhivyakti mAnanepara 'paralokino'bhAvAtparalokAbhAvaH yaha bhI svataH khaNDita ho jAyagA / asad caitanyakI abhivyakti to mAnI nahIM jA sakatI, kyoMki kisI asada vastuko abhivyakti nahIM dekhI jAtI / kathaMcit sad-asad mAnanepara paramatakA praveza ho jAyagA 1 bhUtacatuSTayako caitanyake prati upAdAnakAraNa mAnA jAya, yA sahakArIkAraNa ? upAdAnakAraNa to kahA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki caitanyake sAtha bhUtacatuSTayakA anvaya hI nhiiN| jisa vastukA jisake sAtha anvaya rahatA hai, vahI vastu usakA upAdAna hotI hai| jaise mukuTakA nirmANa svarNake honepara hotA hai, ataH svarNakA mukuTake sAtha anvaya mAnA jAyagA, para bhUtacatuSTyake rahane se to AtmAkI utpatti nahIM hotii| ataH bhUtacatuSTayako AtmAkA upAdAna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki saMsAra meM sajAtIya kAraNase sajAtIya kAryako utpatti dekhI jAtI hai, vijAtIyakI nhiiN| jaba bhUtacatuSTaya svayaM bacetana hai, to caitanyakI utpattimeM yaha kAraNa kaise ho sakatA hai ? aura yaha kahanA bhI bhrAnta hai ki caitanyazakti bhI zarIrake nAzake sAtha hI naSTa ho jAtI hai, kyoMki pUrvabhavako smRti Anese punarjanmakI siddhi hotI hai / caitanya AtmAkA dharma nahIM, zarIrakA hai; yaha kathana bhI nirAdhAra hai| jo yaha kahA jAtA hai ki paMcendriya viSayoMkA upabhoga hI jIvana sarvasva hai, svarganaraka AdikI sthiti siddha hI nahIM hotI, ataH zarorase bhinna AtmA nAmakA 334 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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koI padArtha anubhavameM nahIM AtA hai| yaha saba kakhana bhI mithyA hai, kyoMki janmase pUrva aura pazcAt bhI AtmAkA astitva siddha hai| cetana AtmAkA astitva siddha ho jAnepara puNya-pApa, sukha-duHkha, svarga-naraka Adi sabhI siddha hote haiM / AtmAke karttA aura moktA honese bhogavAdakA samarthana svayaM nirasta ho jAtA hai / manuSya viSaya aura kaSAyoMke adhIna hokara jaisA zubhAzubha karma karatA hai, usIke anusAra vaha puNya aura pApa arjana karatA hai| jaba azubhakA udaya AtA hai, to pratikUla sAmagrIke milanese duHkhAnubhUti hotI hai aura jaba zubhakA udaya AtA hai, to anukUla sAmagrIke milanese sukhAnubhUti hotI hai| sukha aura duHkhakA kartA evaM bhoktA yaha AtmA svayaM hI siddha hai| yadi saMsAra meM puSya, pApa aura zubhAzubhakI sthiti na mAnI jAya, to eka vyakti sundara, rUpavAna aura priya hotA hai, to dUsarA vyakti kurUpa apriya aura nAnA vikRtiyoM se pUrNa hotA hai, yaha kaise saMbhava hogA ? eka ho mAtA-pitAkI vibhinna santAnoM meM vibhinna guNoMkA samAveza pAyA jAtA hai| eka putra pratibhAzAlI aura saccaritra hai, to dUsarA nirbuddhi aura duraacaarii| eka dhanI hai, to dUsarA daridra hai / eka duHkhI hai, to dUsarA sukhI hai| isa prakArakI bhinnatA karma vaicitrya ke binA sambhava nahIM hai / jisa prakAra hotA hai. paha kI bhogasAmagrI prApta karatA hai| ataeva jisa prakAra kRSaka khetameM utpanna huI phasalameMse kucha dhAnya bIjake lie rakha chor3atA hai aura zeSako upabhogameM le AtA hai, usI prakAra zubhodayake phalako bhoganeke anantara isa zarIra dvArA tapazcaraNa Adikara punaH zubhodayakA arjana karanA Avazyaka hai| bhogoMkA tyAga kiye binA sAdhanA sambhava nahIM aura na binA sAdhanAke uttama bhogoMkA milanA hI sambhava hai | ataeva puSpa- pApa, svarga-naraka AdikA vizvAsa karanA aura punarjanma mAnanA anubhava -saMgata hai / tarka dvArA bhI jIvakI siddhi hotI hai| jIvita zarIra Atma-sahitta hai, kyoMki zvAsocchvAsa vAlA hai / jo Atma sahita nahIM hai, vaha pUjA zvAsocchuvAsa sahita bhI nahIM hai, jaise ghaTAdika / athavA jIvita zarIra Atma-sahita hai, kyoMki vaha praznoMkA uttara detA hai, jo bAtmasAta nahIM hai uttara bhI nahIM detA, jese ghaTAdika / isa prakAra kevala vyatirekI anumAnapramANase bhI jIvakA astitva siddha hotA hai / ate anAdinidhana hai / yataH yaha astitvavAna honepara kAraNajanya nahIM / jo jo padArtha astitvavAna honepara kAraNajabhya nahIM hote, ve ve anAdinidhana hote haiM, jaise pRthvI - aadi| aura jo anAdinidhana nahI hote ve astitvavAna tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 235

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-- honepara kAraNajanya hote haiM jaise ghaTAdika / isa prakAra anumAna pramANase jIva padArtha siddha hai / yadi bhUtacatuSTayase jIva kI utpatti mAnate haiM, to yaha mUtacatuSTaya jIvakA nimitta kAraNa hai yA upAdAna kAraNa ? yadi nimittakAraNa hai, to bhUtacatuSTaya se bhinna upAdAnakAraNa koI dUsarA hI hogA aura vaha upAdAnakAraNa jIva hI ho sakatA hai / yadi bhUtacatuSTaya jIvakA upAdAnakAraNa hai, to ye cAroM milakara jIvake upAdAnakAraNa haiM, athavA pRthvI, apa, teja aura vAyu ye cAroM pRthak-pRthak upAdAna kAraNa haiM ? yadi pRthak-pRthak jIvake upAdAnakAraNa haiM, to pRthvIke bane hue jIva anya, jalase nirmitta anya pavana se nirmita anya aura agni nirmita anya isa prakAra cAra tarahake jIva hone cAhie / para cAra tarahake jIva pratIta nahIM hote / ataeva bhUtacatuSTaya bhinna-bhinna rItise upAdAna kAraNa nahIM hai| cAroM milakara bhI jIvake upAdAnakAraNa nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ghaTapaTAdi kAryoMkA upAdAnakAraNa sajAtIya hotA hai| tathA yada jovakA upAdAnakAraNa bhUtacatuSTaya hai, to bhUtacatuSTayake sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNaguNa jova meM Ane caahie| para ye cAroM guNa jIvameM nahIM hote / yadi ye cAroM guNa jIvameM hote, to jIva bhI indriyagocara hotA / parantu jIva indriyagocara nahIM hai / isaliye jIva bhUtacatuSTayajanya nahIM hai / jIvako svatantrasiddhi jIva yA AtmAkA astitva siddha ho jAneke pazcAt jIvakA svatantra astitva svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai| jo svatantra astitva nahIM mAnate, unase yaha pUchA jAya ki jo jIva dravya nahIM hai, to vaha jIva guNa hai yA paryAya ? inake atirikta koI vAcya ho nahIM sakatA / ataH jisane bAhya padArtha haiM, ve dravya, guNa, aura paryAya ina tInoMmeMse kisI na kisIke vAcyameM antabhUta haiM / yadi jIva guNa hai, to usakA guNI kauna hai ? guNIke binA guNa nahIM hotA 1 yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki jIvaguNakA guNI jIvadravya hai to jIvadravya svatantra siddha hotA hai / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki jIvaguNa pudgaladravyakA hai, to guNa nitya hotA hai / isaliye ghaTapaTAdika samasta pudgala dravyoMmeM usakI pratIti honI cAhiye / parantu pratIti hotI nahIM / ataeva jIva pudgalakA guNa nahIM hai / yadi jIva paryAya hai, to paryAya kisI guNakI avasthA - vizeSa kahI jAtI hai | ataH jIvaparyAya pudgalake kisa guNakI avasthA vizeSa hai aura usa guNakA nAma kyA hai ? tathA usakA lakSaNa kyA hai ? na to koI aisA guNa hI haiM aura na koI usakA lakSaNa ho hai, jisake AdhArapara jIvaparyAya pudgalaguNakI mAnI jA sake / ataeva saMkSepameM jIva padArthakA astitva svatantra rUpameM siddha 336 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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hotA hai / AtmA svatantra hai aura zAna-darzanAdi guNa usakI nijI sampatti haiM / Ananda aura saundaryAnubhUti usake svatantra astitvake sabala pramANa haiN| rAga aura dveSakA honA tathA unake kAraNa hiMsA Adike ArambhameM juTa jAnA bhautika yantrakA kAma nahIM hai| koI bhI yantra apane Apa cale, svayaM vigar3a jAya aura bigar3anepara apane-Apa marammata ho jAya, yaha sambhava nahIM hai / ataeva icchA, saMkalpati aura bhAvanAeM kevala bhautika mastiSkakI upaja nahIM hai, apitu caitanyake vibhAva-zaktijanya vikAra haiN| avasthAke anusAra bar3hanA, jIrNa honA Adi aise dharma haiM, jinakA samAdhAna bhausikatAse sambhava nahIM hai| anubhavasiddha kAryakAraNabhAvake dvArA AramAkA svatantra astitva siddha hotA hai / ___ AtmAko zarIra pariNAma mAnanepara bhI dekhanekI zakti netroMmeM rahanevAle Atma-pradezoM meM hI nahIM, suMghanekI zakti dhrANameM rahanevAle kevala Atma-pradezoM meM hI nahIM apitu zarIrAntargata samasta Atma-pradezoMmeM ye zaktiyAM samAhita rahatI haiN| bAtmA pUrNa zarIrameM sakriya rahatI hai| vaha indriyoMke upakaraNoM ke jharokhoM dvArA gandhAdikA parijJAna karatI hai| vAsanAoM Ara kama-saMskAroMke kAraNa AtmAko anantazakki chinna-bhinna rUpameM abhivyakta hotI hai| jaba karmavAsanAboM aura sUkSma karma-zarIrakA samparka chUTa jAtA hai, taba yaha AtmA apane ananta cetanya-svarUpameM lIna ho jAtI hai| usa samaya isa AramAke pradeza antima zarIrake AkAra raha jAte haiN| kyoMki unake phailane aura sikur3anekA kAraNa karma-saMskAra naSTa ho cukA hai| ataeva Atma-pradezoMkA antima zarIrake AkAra raha pAnA svAbhAvika aura yukti-saMgata hai| vyApaka evaM aNu bAtmavAda vAtmAko amUrta aura vyApaka mAnA jAtA hai | vyApaka honepara bhI zarIra bora manake sambandhase zarIrAvacchiSa Atma-pradezoMmeM jAnAdi vizeSaguNoMkI utpatti hotI hai / amUtaM honese yaha AtmA niSkriya aura gatihIna hai / zarIra aura manake gatizIla honese sambaddha Atma-pradezoM meM jJAnAdhikakI anubhUti hotI hai| vyApaka AtmavAdameM nimnalikhita doSa ghaTita hote haiN| (1) samasta AtmAoMkA sambandha samasta zarIroMke sAtha honese apane-apane sukha-duHkha vIra bhogakA niyama ghaTita nahIM hogaa| (2) eka akhaNDa dravyameM saguNa aura nirguNake bheda sambhava nahIM haiM / (3) amUrtattva hetuke dvArA AtmAko vyApaka siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI deSanA : 337

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hai, manake sAtha doSa Anese mana bhI amUrta hai, ataeva use bhI vyApaka mAnanA par3egA ! (4) nitya hone se bhI AtmAko vyApaka mAnane meM doSa hai| yahAM bhI manake sAtha vyabhicAra AtA hai / (5) AtmAke vyApaka honese eka vyakti bhojana karegA, to samasta nagara, grAma, deza evaM rASTravAsiyoM ko tRpti ho jAyagI / isa prakAra vyavahAra-sAMkaryaM utpanna hogA / mana aura zarIra ke sambandhase vibhinnatA kI vyavasthA bhI sambhava nahIM hai / (6) jahA~ guNa pAye jAte haiM, vahIM usake AdhArabhUta upAgA rahatA hai / guNoMke kSetra guNIkA kSetra na bar3A hotA hai aura na choTA / sarvatra AkRti meM guNIke barAbara hI guNa hote haiM / ataeva AtmA zarIrake bAhara vyApakarUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai / jisa prakAra AtmAkA vyApakatva siddha nahIM; usI prakAra AtmAkA aNutva bhI siddha nahIM hai / aNurUpa AtmAko mAnanepara aMgulI ke kaTa jAnese samasta zarIrake Atma-pradezoMmeM kampana aura duHkhakA anubhava honA sambhava nahIM / aNurUpa AtmA ke mAnanepara bhI AlAta - cakravat usakI gati svIkAra karalene se ukta doSa nahIM AtA / para jisa samaya aNu AtmAkA cakSu indriyake sAtha saMbaMdha hogA, usa samaya bhinna kSetravartI rasanA Adi indriyoMke sAtha yugapat sambandha honA asambhava hai / jaba hama kisI sundara vastuko A~khoMse dekhate haiM, to anya indriyA~ bhI usa vastuko pAneke liye gatizIla ho jAtI haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki sabhI indriyoM ke pradezoM meM AtmAkA yugapat sambandha hai / ApAdamastaka aNurUpa AtmAke cakkara lagAne meM kAlabheda honA svAbhAvika hai tathA sarvAMgINa romAMcAdi kAryoMse jJAta honevAlI yugapat sukhAnubhUtike viruddha bhI hai / ataeva AtmA ke pradezona saMkoca aura vistArakI zakti rahane ke kAraNa saMsArAvasthA meM yaha zarIrapramANa hai / saMkoca aura vistArako zakti AtmAmeM svAbhAvika rUpase vidyamAna hai / 3 AtmA ke saMkoca aura vistArakI dIpaka ke prakAzase tulanA kI jA sakatI hai | khule AkAzameM rakhe hue dIpakakA prakAza vistRta parimANa meM hotA hai, usI dIpakako yadi koTharI meM rakha deM, to baho prakAza koTharImeM samA jAtA hai| ghar3egeM rakhate haiM, to vaha prakAza ghar3e samA jAtA hai aura DhakanIke nIce rakhanese DhakanI meM samA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kAryazarIrake AvaraNa se AtmapradezoMkA bhI saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai / 338 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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jo AtmA zizu-zarIrameM rahatI hai, vahI AtmA yuvA-zarIrameM rahatI hai aura vaho vRddha-zarIrameM bhii| sthUlazarIravyApI AtmA kRzazarIravyApI ho jAtI hai| ___ AtmAko zarIraparimANa mAnanese vaha avayava sahita hone ke kAraNa anitya nahIM ho sakatI hai| yataH yaha koI niyama nahIM hai ki jo avayava sahita hotA hai, vaha vizaraNazIla hI hotA hai / AkAza sAvayava honepara bhI nitya hai / jo avibhAgI avayava haiM, ve avayavIse kabhI pRthak nahIM ho sakate / jIva yA AtmA : jJAna-svarUpa __ yaha anubhava siddha hai ki jo jIva hai. vaha jJAnavAna hai aura jo jJAnavAna hai, vaha jIva hai / jisa prakAra uSNatvake binA agnikA astitva saMbhava nahIM, usI prakAra jJAna gaNake binA jIvakA astitva bhI asaMbhava haiN| ekendriyasa muktAtmAoM takameM jJAnagaNakI honAdhikatA pAyI jAtI hai| jIvakA yaha jJAnagaNa hI jar3a padArthAse use bhinna siddha karatA hai / ata: zAna jIva yA AtmAkA nija svarUpa hai| ___ jJAna aura jJAnIko parasparameM sarvadA eka dUsarese bhinna mAnA jAya to donoM hI acetana ho jAyeMge / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki jJAnase bhinna honepara bhI AtmA jJAnake samavAyase jJAnI hotA hai, to jJAnake samavAyasambandhake pUrva AtmA jJAnI thA yA ajJAnI ? samavAyasambandhake pUrva AtmAko jJAnI mAnanese jAnakA samavAyasambandha mAnanA vyartha hai, yataH isa sambandhakI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / ajJAnI meM jJAnakA samavAya bana nahIM sakatA hai / kyoMki ajJAnI meM jJAnake milanese bhI ajJAnatA banI hI rahegI tathA ajJAna aura jJAnake mizraNako kyA kahA jAyagA ?' yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra devadatta apane zarIrase bhinna rahanevAle dAtra--hasiyAke dvArA tRNAdikA chedaka ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI bhinna rahanevAle jJAnake dvArA padArthokA zAyaka ho sakatA hai| yataH chedanakriyAke prati dAtra bAhya upakaraNa hai aura vIryAntarAya karmake kSamopazamase 1. gANI NANaM ca sadA atyaMtarido du aNNamaNNassa / dohaM avedaNasaM pasajadi samma jiNAvamadaM / / Na hi so samavAyAdo matthaMtarido du NANado gANI / aNNANIti ya vayaNaM egattappasAdhagaM hodi / / -paJcAstikAya, gAthA 48-49. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 339

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utpanna huI puruSako zakti vizeSa Abhyantara upakaraNa hai| isa Abhyantara upakaraNa ke abhAvameM dAna tathA hastavyApAra Adi bAhya upakaraNa ke rahamepara bhI jJAnarUpa Abhyantara upakaraNake abhAvameM jIva padArthoMkA jhAlA nahIM ho sakatA / bAhya upakaraNa kase bhinna rahatA hai, para Abhyantara upakaraNa usase abhinna rahatA hai| ataeva jJAna-jJAnIke pradeza bhinna nahIM hai| jo yAtmAke pradeza haiM, ve hI pradeza jJAnAdi guNoMke bhI haiM, isalie unameM pradezabheda nahIM hai / jJAna hI AtmA hai / yataH jJAna AtmAke binA nahIM rahatA, ataH jJAna AtmA hI hai / ' AtmAke aneka guNoMmeM jJAnaguNa pradhAna hai, yaha AtmAkA asAdhAraNa guNa hai| yaha AtmAke atirikta anyatra nahIM pAyA jAtA, ataeva guNa-guNI meM abheda vivakSAkara jJAnako hI AtmA kaha diyA jAtA hai| yoM to AtmA jisa prakAra jJAnaguNakA AdhAra hai, usI prakAra anya guNoMkA bhI AdhAra hai| jJAnaguNake AdhArako apekSA AtmA jJAnarUpa hai | kartRtva : vivecana pariNamana karanevAleko kartA, pariNAmako karma aura pariNatiko kriyA kahate haiN| ye tonoM vastutaH bhinna nahIM haiM, eka dravyavI hI pariNati haiM / jIvameM kartRtvazakti svabhAvataH pAyI jAtI hai / AtmA agpabhUtavyavahAranayase jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya Adi pudgalako tayA bhavana, vastra Adi padArthoM kA kartA hai | azuddhanizcayanayase apane rAga-dveSa Adi catanyakarmoMbhAvakarmokA aura zanizcayanayakI dRSTise apane zuddha catanyabhAvoMkA kartA hai / ___ jova aura ajIva anAdikAlase sambaddha avasthAko prApta haiM, ataH yaha prazna honA svAbhAvika hai ki ina donoMke anAdi sambandhakA kyA kAraNa hai ? jIvane karmako kiyA yA karmane jIvako kiyA ? yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki jIvane binA kisI vizeSatAke karmako kiyA, to siddhAvasthA meM bhI kama karane meM kAI vipratipatti nahIM hogii| yadi karmane jAMcako kiyA, to karma meM aisI vizeSatA 1. gANaM appatti madaM cadadiNANaM viNA Na appANaM / tamhA NANa aNNA appA gANaM 4 aNaM vA / / -pravacanasAra, gAthA 2.7. 2. puggalakammAdoNaM kattA vavahArado dU Nivayado / caMdaNakammANAdA, suraNayA suddhabhAvANaM / / dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 8. 340 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kahA~se AI ki ve jIvako kara sakeM- usameM rAgAdibhAva utpanna kara sakeM / yadi karma vinA kisI vaiziSTayake rAgAdika karate haiM, to karmake astitvakAlameM sadA rAgAdi utpanna hone cAhie / ina praznoMkA samAdhAna vibhinna dRSTiyoMke samanvaya dvArA saMbhava hai / yataH jIvake rAgAdi pariNAmoMse pudgaladravya meM karmarUpa pariNamana hotA hai aura pudgala ke karmarUpa pariNamanase unakI udadhAvasthAkA nimitta pAkara AtmAmeM rAgAdibhAva utpanna hote haiM / yadyapi isa samAdhAna meM anyonyAzraya doSa dikhalAyI par3atA hai, para anAdi saMyoga mAnane se isa doSakA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / I kartR- karmabhAvako vyavasthAke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie kArakathyavahArakA vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai| saMsArameM anAdikAla se samasta dravya pratikSaNa pUrva - pUrva avasthA - paryAyako tyAgakara uttarottara anya avasthAko prApta hote haiM, isI pariNamanako kriyA kahA jAtA hai| anantara pUrvekSaNavartI pariNAmaviziSTa dravya upAdAnakAraNa hai aura anantara uttarakSaNavarttA pariNAmaviziSTa dravya kArya hai| isa pariNamanaavasthAparivarttana meM sahakArIsvarUpa anya dravya nimittakAraNa hai / nimittakAraNake do bheda haiM: - ( 1 ) udAsIna nimittakAraNa aura ( 2 ) preraka nimittakAraNa / inhIM kAraNoM meM kArakavyavahAra hotA hai| kriyAniSpAdakatva kArakakA lakSaNa hai aura isake kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa ye cha: bheda haiN| kriyAkA upAdAnakAraNa karttA jise kriyA prApta ho vaha karma; kriyA meM sAdhakatama anya padArthaM karaNaH karma jisako prApta ho vaha sampradAna, do padArthoMke liye viyukta honemeM jo dhruva rahe, vaha apAdAna eva AdhArako adhikaraNa kahA jAtA hai| isa kAraka prakriyAkA abhiprAya yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jitane padArtha haiM, ve apane-apane bhAvake kartA haiM, parabhAvakA kartA koI padArtha nahIM hai / I vAstavameM karttA - karmabhAva usI drabhyameM ghaTita hotA hai, jisameM vyApyadhyApaka bhAva athavA upAdAna - upAdeyabhAva rahatA hai / jo kAryarUpameM pariNata hotA hai, use vyApaka yA upAdAna kahate haiM aura jo kArya hotA hai use vyApya yA upAdeya / miTTIse dhar3A banA, yahAM miTTI dhyApaka yA upAdAna hai aura ghaTa vyApya yA upAdeya hai| yaha vyApyavyApakabhAva yA upAdAna - upAdeyabhAva sarvadA eka pramyameM ho hotA hai, do drabhyoMmeM nahIM; yattaH eka dravyakA dUsare dravyarUpa trikAlameM bhI pariNamana nahIM hotA hai / jo upAdAnake kAryarUpa pariNamanameM sahakArI hai, vaha nimitta hai| yathAtIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dekhanA: 341

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miTTIke ghaTAkAra pariNamanameM kumbhakAra aura usako daNDa-canAdi / isa nimittakI sahAyatAse upAdAna meM jo kArya hotA hai, vaha naimittika kahalAtA hai, jaise kumbhakAra AdikI sahAyatAse miTTomeM huA ghaTAkAra pariNamana / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki nimitta-naimittikabhAva do vibhinna dravyoM meM bhI ghaTita hotA hai, para upAdAbhopAdeya yA vyApya-vyApakabhAva eka ho dravyameM saMbhava haiN| pudgaladravya jorake rAgAdi pariNAmoMkA nimitta pAkara karmabhAvako prApta hotA hai, isI prakAra jIva dravya bhI pUgala kamoMke vipAkakAlarUpa nimittako pAkara rAgAdi bhAvarUpa pariNamana karatA hai. isa prakArakA nimitta-namittika sambandha honepara bho jIvadrabdha karmama kisI kA utpAdaka nahIM, arthAt pudgaladravya svayaM jJAnAbaraNAdibhAvako prApta hotA hai| isI taraha karma bho jobameM kinhIM gaNoMko nahIM karatA hai, kintu mohanIya Adi karmaka vipAkako nimittakara jIva svayameva rAgAdirUpa pariNamatA hai| itanA honepara bhI pudgala aura jIvakA pariNamana parasparanimittaka hai / isase spaSTa hai ki AtmA apane bhAvoMke dvArA apane pariNamanakA kartA hotA hai; pudagalakamaMkRta bhAvoMkA kA nahIM hai / tathya yaha hai ki pudgalake jo jJAnAvaraNAdi kama haiM, unakA kartA pudgala hai aura jaubake jo rAgAdi bhAva haiM, unakA kartA jIva hai / ' ___ AtmA aura pudgala ina donoMmeM vaibhAvikI zakti hai / isa zaktikA kAraNa hI AtmA mithyAdarzanAdi vibhAvarUpa pariNamana svayaM karatI hai aura pudgala jJAnAvaraNAdi karmarUpa pariNamana karatA hai| isa prakArake pariNamanako hI nimittanaimittikabhAva kahA jAtA hai / nimitta-naimittikabhAva evaM kattu karmabhAva svIkAra karanepara dvikriyAkAritvakA doSa nahIM AtA hai| yataH nimitta apane pariNamanake sAtha upAdAnapariNamanakA kartA nahIM hai| jItra na to ghaTakA kartA hai, na paTakA kartA hai aura na zeSa anya dravyoMkA 1. jIvapariNAmahehU~ kammataM pumgalA pariNati / puggalakammaNimittaM taheba jIvo vi pariNama / / vi kubbai kammaguNa jovo kamma taheva jIvaguNa / aNNoNaNimileNa du pariNAma jANa doNhIpa / / eeNa kAraNeNa du kasA vAdA saeNa bhAveNa / puggalakammakayANaM Na du kattA savabhAvANaM // -samayasAra-gAthA 80-82. 342 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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ho / jIvake yoga aura upayoga hI unake kartA hai|" AtmA ghaTAdi aura krodhAdiparadravyAtmaka karmoMkA kA na to vyApyavyApakabhAvase hai aura na nimitta-naimittikamAvase ho; para anitya yoga aura upayoga hI ghaTa-paTAdi dravyoMke nimittakartA haiN| jaba AtmA aisA vikalpa karatI hai ki maiM ghaTako banAU~, taba kAyayogake dvArA Atma-pradezoM meM caJcalatA AtI hai aura caJcalatAko nimittatA pAkara hastAdike vyApAra dvArA daNDase cakrakA paribhramaNa hotA hai aura isase ghaTAdikI niSpatti hotI hai| ye vikalpa aura yoga anitya haiM, ajJAnavaza AtmA inakA kartA ho bhI sakatI hai, parantu paradrazyAtmaka karmokA kadApi saMbhava nhiiN| tathya yaha hai ki nimittake do bheda haiM:-(1) sAkSAt nimitta aura (2) paramparA nimitta / kumbhakAra apane yoga aura upayogakA kartA hai, yaha sAkSAt nimittakI apekSA kathana hai / yataH inake sAtha kumbhakArakA sAkSAt sambandha hai aura kumbhakArake yoga evaM upayogase daNDa-cakrAdi dvArA ghaTakI utpatti paramparAnimittako so ! jaba mArA-mipino TonevAle nimitta-naimittikako gauNa kara kathana kiyA jAtA hai, taba jIvako ghaTa-paTAdikA karttA nahIM mAnA jAtA / kintu jaba paramparA-nimittase honevAle nimitta-naimittika bhAvako pramukhatA dI jAto hai, taba jIvako ghaTa-paTAdikA kartA kahA jAtA hai / ghaTakA kartA kumbhakAra, paTakA kartA kuvinda aura rathakA kartA bar3haIko na mAnA jAya to lokaviruddha kathana ho jAyagA 1 para yathArthameM ve apane-apane yoga aura upayogake hI kartA hote haiN| lokameM unakA kartRtva paramparA-nimittakI apekSA hI saMgata hotA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki saMsArake sabhI padArtha apane-apane bhAvake kartA haiM, parabhAvakA kA koI padArtha nahIM / kumbhakAra ghaTa banAnerUpa apanI kriyAkA kartA hai / vyavahArameM jo kumbhakArako ghaTakA kA kahate haiM, vaha kevala upacAra mAtra hai| ghaTa banane rUpa kriyAkA kartA ghaTa haiN| ghaTakA bananerUpa kiyaa| kumbhakAra sahAyaka nimitta hai / isa sahAyaka nimittako hI upacArase kartA kahA jAtA hai / vastuta: kartAke do bheda haiM:-(1) vAstavika kI ora (2) upacArita phrtaa| kriyAkA upAdAna hI vAstavika kartA hai| ataH koI bhI kriyA vAstavika kartAke vinA saMbhava nahIM / upacarita ka ke lie yaha niyama nahIM hai / yathA, 1. jIvo Na karaidi ghaI va paDaM Neva sesage dave / / jogavaogA uppAdagA ya tesi havadi ksaa|| -samaya0, gAthA 100. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 343

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ghaTarUpa kAryake banane meM upacarita kartAko AvazyakatA hai, para nadIke bahanarUpa kAryameM uparita kartAko AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jIva parapadArthAkA kartA apaneko nahIM mAnatA, yata: kartA mAnanese 'ahaM' bhAvakI utpatti hotI hai tathA parakI iSTAniSTa pariNatimeM harSa-viSAdako anubhUti hotI hai aura isa anubhUtike rahanepara jIva apane jJAtA-draSTA svabhAvameM sthira nahIM ho pAtA tathA mohake prabhAvake kAraNa apane svarUpase vyuta hojAtA hai ! ataeva nimitta-naimittika sambandhako sarvathA asvIkRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki saba dravya svabhAvase pariNAmo-nitya haiN| pratyeka samayameM drandhakI eka paryAyakA vyaya honA aura navIna paryAyakA utpAda honA hI usakA pariNAma-svabhAva hai| utpAda, vyaya nimittake rahanepara tathA zuddhAvasthA nimittake nahIM milane para bhI hote rahate haiM / paryAyarUpase pratyeka gdhakA utpanna honA aura naSTa honA yaha usakA apanA svabhAva hai| isameM SaDsthAnapatita hAni aura SasthAnapatita vRddhirUpase battamAna ananta agarulaghugaNa prayojaka haiN| isa prakAra azuddhabyoma nimittapUrvaka pAya parivartana hotA hai aura zuddha dravyoMmeM SaDguNahAnivRddhiko apekSA paryAya-parivartana hotA hai| AtmA zunizcayanamakI apekSA svabhAvakA kartA Ara nimitta-namattikako apekSA rAgAdikamAva aura pudgaladravyake karmarUpa pariNamanakA kartA saMbhava hai| ataeva nimitta-naimittika sambandhakI sarvathA avahelanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai / nayadRSTikA avalambana grahaNa kara hI katRtvayabhAvakA nizcaya karanA upAdeya hai| bhoktatvazakti : vivecana AtmA phaloMkA svayaM bhoktA hai| yaha asadbhUtavyavahAranayako apekSA pudgalakarmaphaloMkA bhoktA hai / antaraMgameM sAtA, asAtAkA udaya honepara sukha-duHkhakA yaha anubhava karatA hai| isI sAtA-asAtAke udayase bAharameM upalabdha honevAle sukha-duHkhake sAdhanoMkA upabhoga karatA hai| azuddha nizcayanayako apekSA cetanAke vikAra rAgAdibhAvoMkA bhoktA hai aura zuddha nizcayanayako apekSA zuba caitanyabhAvoMkA bhoktA hai|' vastuta: yAtmAke ho kartA aura moksA honeke kAraNa saMsArakI koI bhI parokSa zakti jIvake liye kisI prakArakA kArya nahIM karatI hai| jIva svayaM apane mAvoMkA kartA-bhoktA hai| kisI dUsarI zaktike dvArA ise phalakI prApti 1. babahArA muhale puggachakammappA pmuNjedi| bAbA jilhayagayako pakSamA vApasa // -masaMgraha, bhASA 9. . m: sIkara mahAgIra aura DIvApA-paramparA

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nahIM hotI / AtmA svayaM hI apane kiye gaye bhAvoM ke anusAra karmoMko bAMdhatA hai aura svayaM hI apane prayAsase karmase mukta hotA hai / bandhana aura mukti meM parakA kiMcit bhI kartRtva nahIM hai / ataH svabhAvase apane rUpameM calanevAle isa jagatakA na koI niyantA hai aura na koI sraSTA hai| kisI bhI devI-devatAkI kRpAse iSTAniSTa phala prApta nahIM ho sakatA / sabase bar3A Atmadeva hai / isase zaktizAlI anya koI bhI nahIM hai / hAni-lAbha, sukha-duHkha, apane hI hAthameM hai, anya kisIke hAthameM nahIM / jaba AtmA apanI kartRtva-bhomatRtvazaktikA anubhava karane lagatA hai, apane svarUpako pahacAna letA hai, usa samaya jagatake devI-devatA sabhI AtmAke caraNoMmeM natamastaka ho jAte haiM / ataeva yaha jIva svatantra hai tathA svayaM hI karttA aura bhoktA hai / jIva : bheda-prabheda ke mUlataH veda haiM-- (1) jIva aura (2) mukta jIva / karmabandhanase baddha eka gati se dUsarI gatimeM janma aura maraNa karanevAle saMsArI jIva kahalAte haiM / jo saMsArase bandhanamukta ho cuke haiM, ve mukta jIva kahalAte haiM / saMsArI jIvake jJAna, darzana, sukha, bala Adi guNoMpara karmakA AvaraNa car3hA huA hai, jisase unake jJAna-darzana, sukha Adi guNa honAdhika rUpameM abhivyakta hote haiM / jaba taka jIvake sAtha krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpa kaSAyabhAva rahate haiM, tabataka jIvake ananta jJAnAdi guNa vikasita nahIM ho paate| jaba saMsArI jIva ko yaha pratIti ho jAtI hai ki yaha merI duHkhita avasthA para-padArthake saMyogase hai, to usa saMyogako haTAneke liye prayatna karatA hai / AttaM aura raudradhyAnako chor3akara dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAnakA ArAdhana karatA hai| anazanAdi tapa dvArA apanI antaraMga malinatAko dUra karatA hai| jisa prakAra soneko tapAnese usameM mile hue rajata, tAmra Adi parasaMyogarUpa maila aura kAlimA naSTa ho jAte haiM aura vaha sau TaMcakA zuddha sonA ho jAtA hai / isIprakAra bAtmadhyAna Adi tapoMke dvArA yaha jIva bhI apanI zuddhi kara letA hai tathA isake bhI krodha, mAna, ajJAna Adi asaMyamarUpI mela samApta ho jAte haiM / bAharI gandha, raMga Adiko tanika bhI milAvaTa na honepara varSAkA jala eka samAna rahatA hai, usI prakAra pUrNa zuddha AtmA mukta jIva bhI saba parasparameM samAna hote haiM / mukta jIvake jJAna-darzana, sukha aura vIrya pUrNatayA vikasita rahate haiN| para saMsArI jIvameM ina guNoMkI honAdhika rUpameM abhivyakti dekhI jAtI hai / mukta jIva sabhI prakAra AkulatAoM bora vyAkulatAoMse chUTakara tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA 345

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AtmAke jJAna, sukha Adi guNoMmeM lIna rahate haiN| inheM vacanAtIta sukha prApta hotA hai| __ saMsAro jIva kSudhA-tRSA, roga-zoka, vadha-bandhana Adike duHkhoMse vyAkula rahate haiM aura karmAnusAra unheM aneka prakArakI AkulatAeM prApta hotI rahatI haiN| karma-bandhake kAraNa jIvakI paratantra dazA hI saMsAra hai / yaha jIva apane hI rAga-dveSa, mohabhAvoMse apane liye karmokA bandhana nirmita karatA hai aura isa karma-cakrake anusAra bhinna-bhinna yoniyoM meM bhinna-bhinna zarIroMko dhAraNa karatA hai / bAlaka, yuvaka, vRddha hotA hujhA aneka prakArase duHkha uThAtA hai / saMsArI jIva AvAgamana-janma-maraNajanya duHkhoMmeM lipta rahatA hai| mukta jIva karma-bandhanase pUrNatayA nivRtta hokara Atma-svAtantryako prApta kara letA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki pUrNa svAtantrya hI sabase bar3A sukha hai| jaba karmajanya jovakI paratantratA chUTa jAtI hai, to mukta jIva lokAgrabhAva meM sthita hokara zAzvata sukhakA anubhava karatA hai| isa prakAra karma-bandhana aura karmamuktikI dRSTise jIvake ukta do bheda haiN| saMsArI jIva : bheda-prabheda ___ saMsAro jIvake mUla do bheda haiM:-(1) asa aura (2) sthAvara | dvIndriya jIvase lekara paMcendriya paryanta sabhI asa kahalAte haiN| jIvavipAkI asanAmakarmake udayase utpanna vRtti-vizeSavAle jIva asa haiN| apane rakSArtha svaya calane. phiranekI zakti sajIvoMmeM rahatI hai| trasajIva lokake madhya meM eka rAjU vistRta aura caudaha rAjU lambo trasamAlomeM nivAsa karate haiN| trasajIvoMke do bheda haiM:-(1) vikalendriya aura (2) sakalendriya / do-indriya, tona-indriya aura caturindriya jIvoMko vikalendriya mAnA jAtA hai| paMcendriya jIvoMkI gaNanA sakalendriyameM hai / dvIndriya jIvoMmeM sparzana aura rasanA ye do indriyA~, tIna indriya jIvoMmeM sparzana, rasanA aura dhrANa ye tIna indriyA~ aura caturindriya jIvoMmeM sparzana, rasanA, prANa aura cakSa ye cAra indriyAM hotI haiM / laTa, zaMkha Adi jIva dvIndriya, cITI Adi trIndriya aura bhramara Adi caturindriya mAne gaye haiN| sakalendriya jIvoMke sparzana, rasanA, dhrANa, cakSu aura zrotra ye pA~ca indriyA~ hotI haiN| inake bho do bheda haiM:--(1) saMjI aura (2) asaMjJI / jinake mana hai aura socane-vicAranekI viziSTa zakti hai, ve saMjo kahalAte haiM aura jinake mana yA socane-vicAranekI zakti nahIM hai, ve asaMjhI kahalAte haiM / sabhI trasajIva bAdara 346 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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hote haiM, para anantAnta visopacayoMse upacita audArika navakarma - skaMdhoMse rahita ve vigrahagati sUkSma hote haiN| sthAvarajIva ekendriya hote haiN| sthAvaranAmakarmake udayase sthAvarajIvaparyAya prApta hotI hai| sthAvarajIvoMke kevala eka sparzana indriya hotI hai / inake pAMca bheda hai:--- (1) pRthvIkAyika--- jinakA zarIra pArthiva -- pRthvIrUpa hotA hai / yathApatthara, lohA, sonA, cA~dI Adi khanija padArthaM / - (2) jalakAyika yA apakAyika - jalake rUpameM jinakA zarIra hotA hai | yathA - jala, barpha, osa, olA Adi / (3) agnikAyika-- agnirUpa jinakA zarIra hotA hai / yathA-vidyut, dIpaka, aMgArA ityAdi / (4) vAyukAyika- vAyu yA pavanake rUpameM jinakA zarIra rahatA hai / (5) vanaspatikAyika - jina jIvoMkA zarIra vanaspatike rUpameM ho| yathAvRkSa, latA, vIrudha Adi / pRthvIkAyika jIvoMkI siddhi pratyakSadvArA hotI hai / parvata pahale pRthvIke tulya the / pazcAt bar3hate-bar3hate U~ce hote gaye aura ye nirantara vRddhigata ho rahe hai / khAnoMmeMse patthara nikAlate rahate haiM, para jaba una khAnoMko khodanA banda kara diyA jAtA hai, to una khAnoMke patthara punaH bar3hane lagate haiM / zarIrakI vRddhi usI padArthakI hotI hai, jisameM jIva rahatA hai / khAnase pRthaka kara denepara pattharoMkA bar3hanA bhI ruka jAtA hai / ataH pramANita hotA hai ki khanija padArtha khAnameM rahate hue sajIva rahate haiM, anyathA unakI zArIrika vRddhi aura hAsa sambhava nahIM thA / jaba pattharoM yA lohAdi anya padArthoMko khodakara khAna se bAhara nikAla liyA jAtA hai, taba ve nirjIva ho jAte haiM / isI prakAra jala jabataka apane zItala rUpameM kue~, tAlAba AdimeM rahatA hai, sajoba hotA hai aura agnise garmakara lenepara nirjIva ho jAtA hai / agni aura vAyuke bhI isI prakAra sajIva aura nirjIva do-do rUpa haiM / per3a-paudhe, latA Adi jabataka hare rahate haiM, unake zarIra meM vRddhi hotI rahatI hai / bIjase aMkura, aMkurase paudhA aura paudhese vRkSa bana jAtA hai / samaya pAkara vaha vRkSa sUkha bhI jAtA hai / isa prakAra vanaspatikAya ke bhI sajIva aura nirjIva do bheda haiN| jaba vanaspatikAyika nirjIva ho jAtA hai, to gehUM, jau, canA Adi anna prApta hote haiM / ye sthAvara jIva sparzana (tvacA), kAryabala -- zarIra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 347

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bala, svAsocchvAsa aura Ayu ina cAra prANoMse yukta haiM / jIvake daza prANa mAne jAte haiM:-(1) sparzana, (2) rasanA, (3) ghrANa, (4) cakSu, (5) karNa, (6) kAyabala, (7) vacanabala, (8) manobala, (9) Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa / ina daza prANoMmeMse ekendriya jIvake cAra prANa, do indriyake chaha prANa, tIna indriyake sAta prANa, cAra indriyake ATha prANa, asaMzI paMcendriyake nava prANa aura aura saMjI paMcendriyake daza prANa hote haiM / asaMjJo yA asainI paMcendriya jIva manazaktike abhAva meM zikSA-upadeza Adiko grahaNa karane meM asamartha rahate haiM aura saMzI paMcendriya jIva zikSA upadeza lAdido grahaNa karate haiM : ye sabhI trasa aura sthAvara jIva apane-apane zarIrake pramANa hote haiN| jisa jovako hAthokA zarIra prApta huA hai, vaha jIva usa zarIrameM phailakara rahatA hai / yadi vaha hAthI marakara cIMTI ho jAye, to vaha jIva sikur3a kara cauMTIke zarIrameM samAhita ho jAtA hai / jIvakA samasta zarIra AtmapradezoMse vyApta rahatA hai / na to AtmAke pradeza zarIrase bAhara rahate haiM aura na zarIrakA koI bhI aMza' AtmapradezoMse khAlI rahatA hai| yoM to jIvasamAsako apekSA jIvoMke ekAdhika-aneka bheda haiM, para gatikI apekSA jodhake bhedoMkA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| jIvako saMsAradazA cAra gatiyoMkI apekSAse jAnI jAtI hai| ve cAra gatiyAM haiM / (1) manuSyagati, (2) devagati, (3) tiyaMcAti aura (4) narakagati / jisa samaya jIva manuSya-puruSa yA strIke zarIrameM rahatA hai, usa samaya usakI manuSyagati hotI hai| manuSya ghora pApakara naraka bhI jA sakatA hai, zubhakarma karake deva bhI ho sakatA hai / alpa pApa karake pazuzarora bhI prApta kara sakatA hai aura alpa zubhakarma karake punaH manuSyabhava prApta kara sakatA hai / prabala tapasyA dvArA karma-bandhana naSTakara mukti bhI prApta kara sakatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki manuSyagati vaha caurasa-catuSpatha hai, jahA~se samasta gatiyoMkI ora yAtrA kI jA sakatI hai| isI kAraNa manuSyabhavako sabase uttama mAnA gayA hai / jIva jaba deva-zarIrako prApta karatA hai, taba usakI devagati hotI hai / devako janmase hI avadhijJAna-indriya sahAyatAke vinA mUsika padArthoko jAnaneko zakti hotA hai| unakA zarIra sundara, svastha, vikriyARddhi-sampanna aura sukhI hotA hai| deva yadi pApa saMcaya kareM, to tithaMca yonimeM janma lete haiM aura zabha karmodayase unako mAnava zarIra prApta hotA hai| devatise kyusa jIvana to naraphameM janma grahaNa karatA hai aura na punaH deva hotA hai| narakameM utpanna honA narakagati hai| naraka duHkhamaya sthAna hai| yahA~kA 348 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI mAcArya paramparA

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vAtAvaraNa saba prakArase duHkhadAyaka hai / yahA~ko prakRti bho duHkhadAyI rahatI hai| zIta-uSNatA bhayaMkara hotI hai| nArako jIva parasparameM sadA yuddha mora kalaha karate rahate haiM tathA ApasameM mAra-pITa karate rahate haiM / isa prakAra narakameM eka kSaNako bhI jIvako zAnti nahIM milatI hai| yahA~ kSudhA-tRSAjanya apAra vedanA bhI rahatI hai / narakase nikalakara jIva tiryaca yA manuSyargAta hI prApta karatA hai| nArakI jIva na to devagasi hI prApta kara sakatA hai aura na punaH narakati hI prApta karatA hai| ekAdha bhavake pazcAta use naraka yA devagatikA prApti hoto hai| ina tInoM gatiyoMmeM sabhI prANI saMzI paMcendriya hI hote haiN| uksa tonoM gatiyoMke atirikta anya jitane prANI haiM ve tiryaMca gasike haiN| ekendriya, vIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, asenI paMcendriya jIva to tithaMcagatimeM hI hote haiM, anya kisI gatimeM nhiiN| sainI paMcendriya pazuoMmeM magara, matsya, ghar3iyAla Adi jIva jalacara, totA, kabUtara, mayUra, cir3iyA Adi AkAzameM ur3anevAle jIva nabhacara evaM gAya-ghor3A, baMdara, cUhA, sAMpa, kuttA mAdi jIva thalacara kahalAte haiN| tiyaMcagatike saMzo paMcendriya jIvoMke jalacara, nabhacara ora thalaghara ye tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| jIvoMkA vicAra aura bhI vistArake sAtha kiyA jA sakatA hai, para saMkSepameM jIvoMkI yahI mImAMsA hai| isa jIvavijJAnakA upayoga ahiMsA AcaraNameM kiyA jAtA hai| jo prANo upayogitAko dRSTise jitanA adhika viziSTa hotA hai, usakI hiMsAmeM utanA hI adhika pApAjena hotA hai| yoM to hiMsA aura ahiMsAkA sabaMdha bhAvoMke sAtha hai| para prANiyoMkI upayogitAko dRSTi bhI adhyayanIya hai| pudagala : nirUpaNa __jisameM 'pUraNa'-bAharI aMza milanekI zakti aura 'galana'-gala jAneko pAktikI kriyA hotI rahatA hai / arthAt jo TUTatA-phUTatA aura milatA rahatA hai, use pudgala kahate haiM / pudgalameM rUpa-rasa-gaMdha ora sparza ye cAra guNa avazya hote haiN| jo dravya skaMdha avasthAmeM 'pUraNa'-anya-anya paramANuoMse milanA aura galana'-kucha paramANuoMkA bichur3anA, isa prakAra upacaya aura apacayako prApta hotA hai, vaha pudgala kahalAtA hai| yaha samasta dazya jagat pudgalakA hI vistAra hai / mUladRSTise pudgala paramANurUpa hai| aneka paramANuoMse milakara jo skaMdha taiyAra hotA hai, vaha saMyuksa dravya kahalAtA hai / pudgalaparamANu jabataka apanI bandhazaktise zithila yA niviDarUpameM eka-dUsarese juTe rahate haiM, tabataka skaMdha kahalAte haiN| ina skaMdhoMkA banAva aura bigAr3a paramANuoMkI banyazakti aura bhedazaktike kAraNa hotA hai| paramANuoMko bandha-vyavasthAko nimnalikhita sthitiyA~ haiM:-- tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 341

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(1) snigdha aura rukSakA saMyoga-ise viSama vaidyut prakRtijanya kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| (2) jaghanya yA zUnya vaidyut prakRti ke paramANuoMmeM bandhAbhAva ! jaghanya guNavAle paramANuoMmeM bandha nahIM hotA / (3) sadRza paramANuoMkA guNa sAmya hone para bandhAbhAva rahatA hai / pugalabandha-prakriyA pudgalako bandha-vyavasthA bahuta hI vistRta haiM / guNazabda zakti aMzakA paryAyavAcI hai| pudgalake pratyeka guNako paryAya eka-sI nahIM rahatI, pratisamaya parinita honI rahatI hai ! sanATa bandhako yogyatApara vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai / jina paramANuoMmeM snigdha aura rukSa paryAya jaghanya ho, unakA bandha nahIM hotA / ve tabataka paramANu dazAmeM hI bane rahate haiM, jabataka unakI jaghanya paryAya parivartita nahIM ho jaatii| isase spaSTa hai ki jinakI jaghanya paryAya nahIM hotI, una paramANaoMkA bandha ho sakatA hai| bandhakI yogyatA rahane para bhI samAna zakti aMzavAle paramANuoMkA bandha nahIM hotA / saMkSepameM asamAna zakti aMzavAle sadRza paramANuoMkA aura samAna zakti aMzavAle vizadRza paramANuoMkA bandha sambhava hai | yoM to do zakti-aMza adhika honepara eka pudgalakA dusare pudgalase bandha hotA hai / udAharaNake liye yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka paramANumeM snigya yA rUkSa muNake do zavita-aMza haiM aura dUsare paramANu meM cAra zaktiaMza haiM, to ina donoM paramANuoM kA bandha sambhava hai / eka paramANu meM snigdha yA rUkSa guNake tIna zakti-aMza haiM aura dusare paramANu meM pAMca zakti-aMza haiM, to ina donoM paramANuoMkA bhI bandha ho sakatA hai| pratyeka avasthAmeM baMdhanevAle pud. galoMmeM do zakti-azokA antara honA cAhiye / isase nyUna yA adhika aMtarane honepara bandha nahIM hotA / bandha sadRza aura vizadRza donoM prakArake pudgalokA parasparameM hotA hai / sadRzakA artha samAna jAtoya aura videzakA artha asamAna jAtIya hai / eva rUkSa pudgalake prati dusarA rUkSa pudgala samAna jAtIya hai aura snigdha pudagala asamAna jAtIya hai| isI taraha eka snigdha pudgalake prati dusarA snigdha pudgala samAnajAtIya hai aura rUkSa pudgale asamAnajAtIya hai / isa prakAra paramANukI bandha-vyavasthA abagata karanI caahie| pratyeka paramANu svabhAvataH eka rasa, eka rUpa, eka gaMdha aura do sparzaguNa haiM / pudgalake bIsa gaNa mAne gaye haiM-pA~ca rUpa, pA~ca rasa, do gaMdha aura ATha sparza / pA~ca rUpoMmeM kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, zveta aura lAlakI gaNanA hai / tikta-- gharaparA, Amla-khaTThA, kaTukra-kaDuvA, madhura-mIThA aura kaSAya-kasailA ye pA~ca 350 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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rasa haiN| sugaMdha aura durgadha do prakArake gaMdha haiM / kaThina, mRdu, guru, laghu, zIta, uSNa; snigdha aura rUkSa ye ATha sparza haiN| pudgalako paramANu avasthA-svAbhAvika paryAya hai aura skandha-avasthA vibhAva-paryAya hai| pugalake bheda pudgalake (1) skandha, (2) skamghadeza, (3) skandhapradeza aura (4) paramANu ye cAra vibhAga haiM / anantAnanta paramANaoMse skandha banatA hai, usase AdhA skaMdha deza aura skaMghadezakA AdhA skaMdhapradeza hotA hai / paramANu sarvataH avibhAgI hotA hai / zarIra, indriyA~, mana, indriyoMke viSaya aura zvAsocchvAsa Adi saba kucha pudgaladravyake hI vividha pariNAma hai / skandho bheda apane pariNamanako apekSA pudagala skandhoMke cha: bheda haiM! skamya dose adhika paramANuoMke saMzleSase banatA hai| vyaNuka Adi skandha paramANuoM ke saMzleSase bhI banate haiM tathA vividha skandhoMke saMzleSase bhI / antya skaMdhake atirikta zeSa sabhI skaMdha paraspara kAryarUpa bhI haiM aura kAraNarUpa bhI / jina skaMdhoMse banate haiM unake kArya haiM aura jinheM banAte haiM, unake kAraNa bhii| 1. bAdara-bAdara-sthala sthUla:-jo skandha chinna-bhinna honepara svayaM na mila sakeM, ve lakar3I, patthara, parvata, pRthvI Adi bAdara-bAdara haiM / aise Thosa padArtha jinakA AkAra, pramANa aura ghanaphala nahIM badalatA, bAdara-bAdara kahalAte haiN| 2. bAbara-sthUla-jo skandha chinna-bhinna honepara svayaM ApasameM mila jAyeM, ve bAdara-sthUla skandha haiM / yathA- dUdha, ghI, jala, tela Adi dravapadArtha, jinakA kevala AkAra badalatA hai, ghanaphala nahIM, ve bAdara kahalAte haiN| 3. bAdara-sUkSma-sthUla sUkSma - jo skandha dekhane meM sthUla hoM, para jinakA chedana, bhedana aura grahaNa na kiyA jA sake, ve bAdara-sUkSma kahalAte haiN| yathA chAyA, prakAza, andhakAra Adi | Azaya yaha hai ki jo kevala netra indriyase gRhIta ho saka aura jinakA AkAra bhI bane, kintu pakar3ameM na AveM, ve bAdarasUkSma pudgala kahalAte haiN| 4. sUkSma-bAbara-sUkSma-sthUla---jo sUkSma honepara bhI sthUlarUpameM dikhalAyo par3eM, aise pA~coM indriyoMke viSaya-sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa aura zabda sUkSma-bAdara skandha haiM / jaise tApa, dhvani Adi karjAe~ / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 351

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5. sUkSma-jo skandha sUkSma honeke kAraNa indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa na kiye jA sakate hoM, ve kArmaNa-vargaNAe~ Adi sUkSma skandha haiM / 6. sUkSma-sUkSma-kArmANavargaNAse bhI choTe tathaNuka skandha taka sUkSma-sUkSma paramANa atyanta sakSama hai, vaha avibhAgI hai, zabdakA kAraNa hokara bhI svayaM azabda hai aura zAzvata hokara bhI utpAda aura vyaya yuka hai| paramANumeM bhI trayAtmakatA pAyI jAtI hai / pugalaparyAya zabda, bandha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, saMsthAna, bheda, andhakAra, chAyA, prakAza, udyota, aura garmI Adi pudgaladravyakI paryAyeM haiN| zabda pudgalahArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, pudgalase dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, pudgalase rukatA hai, pudgaloMko rokatA hai aura gaidgalika vAtAvaraNameM anukampana utpanna karatA hai, ataH zabda podgalika hai| skandhoMke paraspara saMyoga, saMgharSaNa aura vibhAgase zabda utsanna hotA hai| jihvA aura tAlu Adike saMyogase nAnA prakArake bhASAtmaka prAyogika zabda utpanna hote haiN| zabdake utpAdaka, upAdAnakAraNa tathA sthUla nimittakAraNa donoM ho paudgalika haiM / __ do skandhoMke saMgharSase zabda utpanna hotA hai, vaha Asa-pAsake skandhoMko apanI zaktike anusAra zabdAyamAna kara detA hai, arthAta saMgharSa ke nimittase una skandhoMmeM bhI zabdaparyAya utpanna ho jAtI hai| zabda bIcI-taraMga nyAyase zrotAke karNapradezako prApta hotA hai| zabda kevala zakti nahIM hai, apitu zaktimAn pudgalaskandha hai, jo vAyuskandhake dvArA dezAntarako jAtA haA Asa-pAsake vAtAvaraNako jhanajhanAtA hai| zabdake paudgalikatvakI siddhi anubhava dvArA bhI hotI hai| nizchidra banda kamare meM AvAja karanepara vaha vahIM guMjatI rahatI hai, bAhara nahIM nikltii| yantroM dvArA zabdataraMgoMko dekhA jA sakatA hai| ataH zabda amUrta AkAzakA guNa na hokara paudgalika hai / 1. nAdaravAdara bAdara bAdarasumaM ca suhamayUlaM ca / suhamaM ca suhamasuhamaM ca dharAdiyaM hodi chanbheyaM / --jIvakANDa, gAthA 602. 2. zabdabandhasokSAyasaMsthAna datamAchAyAtapodyotayantazca / -tasvArthasUtra, 5 / 24. 352 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AdhArma paramparA

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zabdake bhASAtmaka aura abhASAtmakadobhedahAbhASAtmaka zabdake akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka ye do bheda haiN| bola-cAlameM bAnevAlI vividha prakArako bhASAeM, jinameM pantharacanA hotI hai, ve akSarAtmaka haiN| draundriya Adi prANiyoM. ke jo dhvanirUpa zabda uccarita hote haiM, ve anakSarAtmaka zabda haiN| abhASAtmaka zabdake vaisasika aura prAyogika ye do bheda haiN| meSa AdikI garjanA venasika zabda haiM aura prAyogika zabda cAra prakArake haiM:-tata, vittasa, dhana aura suSira / camar3ese mar3he hue mRdaMga, bherI aura Dhola AdikA zabda tata haiM / sAtavAle vINA, sAraMgI sAdi vAdyoMkA zabda vitata hai| jhAlara, ghaNTA bAdikA zabda ghana hai aura zaMkha, bAMsurI AdikA zabda suSira hai| vijJAnake AlokameM zabdake do bheda haiM:-(1) kolAhala aura (2)saMgItadhvani / inameMse kolAhala bainasika vargameM gabhita ho jAtA hai| saMgItadhvanikA udbhava cAra prakArase mAnA jAtA hai:-(1) tantroMke kampana, (2) tananake kampana, (3) daNDa aura paTTikAke kampana aura (4) jihvAlake kampanase / zabda AkAzakA guNa nahIM hai, yaha paudgalika hai-ise pudgalakI paryAya mAnA jAtA hai / yaha svayaM dravyako paryAya hai, aura paryAyakA AdhAra pudgala skandha hai / amUrta AkAzakA guNa mAnanepara zabda bhI amUrta ho jAyagA / bamba : pudagalaparyAya eka dUsareke sAtha baMdhanA bhI pudgalako paryAya hai| niransara gatizIla aura utpAda-vyaya-dhovyAtmaka pariNamanavAle manantAnansa paramANuoMke paraspara saMyoga aura vibhAgase kacha naisargika aura kucha prAyogika pariNamana isa vizvake raMgamaMcapara pratikSaNa ho rahe haiM / ilekTrona aura proTona eTamameM avirAma gatise caskara lagAte rahate haiM, ve sUkSma yA atisUkSma pudgala skandhameM bAMdhe hue paramANuoMkA hI gaticakra hai / saba apane-apane kramase jaba jaisI kAraNasAmagrI prApta kara lete haiM, vaisA pariNamana karate hue apanI ananta yAtrA kara rahe haiN| paraspara zleSarUpa bandhake benasika aura prAyogika ye do bheda haiN| prayatnake binA vijalo, megha, agni aura indradhanuSa Adi sambandhI jo snigdha aura kakSA guNanibhisaka bandha hotA hai, vaha vainasika bandha hai / prAyogika bandha do prakArakA hai:--(1) ajIvaviSayaka aura (2) jIvAjIvaviSayaka / lAkSA-lAkha, lakar3I AdikA bandhaajIva viSayaka prAyogika bandha hai aura karma tathA nokarmakA bandha jIvAjIvaviSayaka prAyogika hai / yathArthataH vastuoMkA paraspara milakara eka honA bandha hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 353

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sUkSmasva aura sthUlazva : pudgalaparyAya sUkSmatA aura sthUlatA bhI pudgalakI paryAyeM hai; yataH inakI utpatti pudgala se hI hotI hai / jo vastu netrase dikhalAyI na par3e athavA kaThinAIse dikhalAyI par3e vaha sUkSma kahalAtI hai / isake do bheda hai:- 1. antya sUkSmatra aura sthUlala 2. ApekSikatva aura skUla / paramANu antya sUkSmatvakA aura jagadvyApI mahAskandha sthUlatvakA udAharaNa haiM / bela, AMvalA, aura bera ApekSika sUkSmatva ke aura inake viparIta bera AMvalA aura bela ApekSika sthUlatvake udAharaNa hai| sUkSmatvake udAharaNameM uttarottara sUkSmatA aura sthUlatvake udAharaNa meM uttarottara sthUlatA haiM / ye donoM podgalika haiM / saMsthAna : pudgala paryAya saMsthAnazabdakA artha AkAra yA AkRti hai / AkAra pudgaladravyameM hI utpanna hotA hai, ataH ise pudgalakI paryAya kahA hai / saMsthAnake do bheda haiM:(1) itthaMlakSaNa saMsthAna, (2) anitthaMlakSaNa saMsthAna / jisa AkArakA 'yaha isa tarahakA hai, isa prakArase nirdeza kiyA jA sake, vaha 'itthaMlakSaNa' saMsthAna hai aura jisakA nirdeza na kiyA jA sake, vaha 'anitthaMlakSaNa' saMsthAna hai / gola, trikoNa, caukora, AyatAkAra Adi saMsthAnoMke AkAroMkA nirdeza karanA sambhava hai, ataH yaha 'itthaMlakSaNa' saMsthAna hai / medha AdikA sasthAna - AkAra avazya hai, para usakA nirdhAraNa saMbhava nahIM, ataH yaha 'anitthaMlakSaNa' saMsthAna hai| saMsthAna pudgalaskandhoM meM hI saMbhava hai, pudgalaskandhoM ke abhAva meM saMsthAnakAnirdhAraNa nahIM hotA hai / ataeva vibhinna AkRtiyA~ pudgalakI paryAya hai | bheda: pudgalaparyAya pudgala piNDakA bhaMga honA bheda hai / pudgalake vibhinna bhaMga - Tukar3e upalabdha hote haiM, ataH bhedako bhI pudgala paryAya kahA gayA hai| bhedake chaha prakAra haiM:1. utkara-- burAdA - lakar3o yA patthara AdikA karoMta Adise bheda karanA / 2. cUrNa AdikA sattU yA ATA / 3. khaNDa - ghaTa Adike Tukar3e-Tukar3e ho jAnA khaNDa hai / 354 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya maramparA

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4. cUrNikA-dAlarUpameM Tukar3e, ur3ada, mUMga Adiko dAla / 5. pratara-megha, bhojapatra, abhraka aura miTTI Adiko taheM nikAlanA pratara hai| 6. aNucadana-sphuliGga-garma lohe AdimeM ghana mAranA athavA zAna dharate samaya sphuliGgoMkA nikalanA / bhaMgake aura bhI bheda saMbhava ho sakate haiM, ye sabhI pudgalako paryAyoM meM parigaNita haiM / vastutaH yaha sArA saMsAra pudgalakA hI krIr3A-kSetra hai / pudgala aneka rUpoM aura vibhinna AkRtiyoM meM apanA kArya sampAdita karatA hai / prakAza-andhakAra : pudgalaparyAya sUrya, candra, bijalI, dIpaka Adike sambandhase pudgala-skandhoMmeM netroMse dekhane yogya jo pariNamana hotA hai, vaha prakAza hai aura sarya Adike abhAva meM jo pudgala-skandha kAle (andhakArake) rUpameM parivartita hote haiM, vaha andhakAra hai / prakAza aura andhakAra mUttika haiM,) yattaH inakA avarodha kiyA jA sakatA hai| tama aura andhakAra ekArthaka haiM aura prakAzake pratipakSI haiN| kyoMki prakAzapathameM saghana pudgaloMke AjAnese andhakArakI utpatti hotI hai / ataeva ye donoM paugalika hai| chAyA : pudgala-paryAya surya, dIpaka, vidyut Adike kAraNa Asa-pAsake pudgalaskaMdha bhAsurarUpa dhAraNa kara prakAzaskandha bana jAte haiN| jaba koI sthUlaskandha isa prakAzaskandhako jitanI jagahameM avaruddha rakhatA hai, uttane sthAnake skandha kAlA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM, yahI chAyA hai / chAyAkI utpatti pAradarzaka aNvIkSoMke prakAzapathameM A jAnese athavA darpaNameM prakAzake parAvartanase hotI hai| isa chAyAMke nimnokta bheda haiM : (1) vAstavika pratibimba-prakAza-razmiyoMke milanese vAstavika pratibimba banate haiN| (2) avAstavika pratibimba samatala darpaNameM prakAzarazmiyoMke parAvartanase banate haiN| chAyA pudgalajanya hai, ataH pudgalako paryAya hai / Atapa-udyota : pudgala-paryAya sUrya AdikA uSNa prakAza yAtapa kahalAtA hai aura candra, maNi evaM juganU AdikA zIta prakAza udyota kahalAtA hai / agnise ina donoMmeM antara hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezamA : 255

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agni svayaM uSNa hotI hai aura usakI prabhA bhI uSNa hotI hai, kintu Atapa aura udyotake viSaya meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / Atapa mUlameM ThaMDA hotA hai, para usakI prabhA uSNa hotI hai / udyotakI prabhA bhI ThaMDI hotI hai aura mUla bhI / AtapameM UrjAkA adhikAMza tApakaraNoMke rUpameM prakaTa hotA hai aura udyotameM adhikAMza urjA prakAza-kiraNoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai ! saMkSepa meM baMdhanA, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, caukora, tikona, AyatAkAra Adi vibhinna AkRtiyA~ suhAvanI cA~danI, maMgalamaya ubAkI lAlI Adi pudgalaskandhoMkI paryAyeM haiM / nirantara gatizIla aura utpAda-vyaya- provyAtmaka pariNa manazIla anantAnanta paramANuoMke paraspara saMyoga aura vibhAga pudgalarUpa haiN| pulake vibhinna prakArake pariNamanoMke kAraNa hI isa sRSTikI vyavasthA cala rahI hai / ataH pRthvI, Apa, teja, vAyu, Adi bhI pudgala ke antargata haiM / prakAza, garmI, udyota, Atapa prabhRti zaktiyA~ kisI Thosa AdhAra meM rahanevAlI haiM aura yaha AdhAra pudgala skandha hI hai / zaktiyA~ jina mAdhyamoMse gati karato haiM, una mAdhyamoMko svayaM usa rUpase pariNata karAsI huI ho jAtI haiN| ataeva pudgala AdhArake binA inako bhI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai / pudgaruke amya bheda pudgala jAtIya skandhoM meM vibhinna prakArake pariNamana honese pudgalake 23 vargaNAtmaka bheda hai':-(1) aNuvagaMNA, (2) saMkhyAtANuvarmaNA, (3) asaMkhyAtANuvargaNA, (4) anantANuvargaNA, (5) AhAravagaMNA, (6) agrAhyavargaNA, (7) taijasavargaNA, (8) agrAhyavargaNA ( 9 ) bhASA vargaNA, (10) agrAhyavagaMNA (11) manovagaMgA, (12) agrAhyavargaNA, (13) kArmaNa vargaNA, (14) dhruvavargaNA, (15) sAntaranintaravagaMNA, (16) zUnyavagaMNA, (17) pratyekazarIravargaNA, (18) dhruvazuSpavargaNA, (19) bAdaranigodavagaMNA, (20) zUnyavargaNA, (21) sUkSmanigodavargaNA, (22) nabhovaNA aura ( 23 ) mahAskandhavargaNA / ina teIsa vargaNAoM meM AhAravargaNA, bhASAvagaMNA, manovagaMNA aura kAmaMNavargaNA ye pA~ca grAhmavargaNAeM haiM / ina vargaNAoM meM aisA niyama nahIM hai ki jo paramANu eka bAra karmavagaMNArUpa pariNata hue haiM, ve sadA kasaMvargaNArUpa ho raheMge, anyarUpa nahIM hoMge yA anyaparamANu karmavaNArUpa na ho skeNge| pratyeka dravyameM apanI-apanI mUla yogyatAoke anusAra jisa-jisa prakArakI sAmagrI ekatra hotI 1. gommaTasAra - jIva kANDa, gAthA 593 aura 594. 2. yahI gAthA 595. 356 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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jAtI hai, usa usa prakArakA pariNamana sambhava hai / jo paramANu zarIra avasthAmeM nokajaNA banakara zAmila hue the, ve hI paramANu mRtyuke anantara zarIrake bhasma kara denepara anya avasthAoM ko prApta ho jAte haiN| ekajAtIya dravya meM usa dravyake vizeSa pariNamanoMpara bandhana nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA / pudgala ke skandhoM meM svabhAvataH pariNamana hotA rahatA hai, jisase unakI avasthAeM nirantara parivattita hotI rahatI haiM / skandha aura paramANu : utpatti-kAraNa skandhakI utpatti tIna prakArase hotI hai: (1) saMghAta -- pRthak-pRthak dravyoMkI ekatva prAptise / (2) bheda -- khaNDa-khaNDa honese / (3) bheda- saMghAta - eka hI sAtha hue bheda aura saMghAta donoMse / pRthaka-pRthaka dravyoM kI ekatva prApti paramANuoM paramANuoM kI bhI hotI haiM, paramANu aura skandhoM kI bhI hotI hai aura skandhoM skaMdhoMkI bhI / jaba do yA do se adhika paramANu milakara skaMdha banatA hai, taba paramANuoMke saMghAtase skandhakI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| do skaMdhoMke milanese tRtIya skaMdhakA nirmANa hotA hai, to skaMdha saMghAtase skaMdhakI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai / bar3e skaMdha TUTane se choTe-choTe do yA do se adhika skaMdha utpanna hote haiM, ye bhedajanya skandha kahalAte haiM / yathA- patthara ke tor3anepara do yA do se adhika Tukar3e hote haiM / isa prakArake skandhoMkI utpatti bhedase hotI hai / bhedajanya skaMdha kase lekara anantANuka taka ho sakate haiM / bhI jaba kisI skandhake TUTanepara TUTe hue avayavake sAtha usI samaya anya skandha milakara nayA skandha banatA hai, taba vaha skandha bhedasaMghAtajanya kahalAtA hai / bhedasaMghAtajanya skandha bhI dvaSaNuka se anantANuka taka saMbhava haiM / acAkSuSa skandhabheda aura saMghAtase cAkSuSa ho jAte haiM / aNu utpatti aNukI utpatti kevala bhedase hotI hai, isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki aNu pudgala dravyakI svAbhAvika avasthA hai, ataH isakI utpatti saMghAta - - milanase nahIM, bheda - TUTane se hI saMbhava hai / paramANu : gatizIlatA pudgalaparamANu svabhAvataH kriyAzIla hai / isakI gati tIvra bhanda evaM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 357

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madhyama Adi aneka prakArakI hotI hai / paramANu yA aNumeM vajana -bhAra bhI hotA hai, para usakI abhivyakti skandhAvasthAmeM hI hotI hai / jisa prakAra skandhoM meM aneka prakAra ke sthUla sUkSma, pratighAtI aura apratighAtI pariNamana avasthAbhedake kAraNa sambhava hote haiM, usI prakAra aNu bhI apanI bAhyAbhyantara sAmagrIke anusAra dRzya aura adRzyarUpa aneka prakArakI avasthAoMko svayameva dhAraNa karatA hai / isameM jo kucha bhI niyatatA yA aniyatatA, vyavasthA yA avyavasthA hai, vaha svayameva hai / bocake par3AvameM puruSaprayatnakA prabhAva par3atA hai, para yogyatAke AdhArapara sthUla kArya kAraNabhAva niyata hai / pudgala : kArya zarIra, vacana, mana aura zvAsocchvAsakA nirmANa pudgala dvArA hotA hai / zarIrako racanA pudgala dvArA huI hai| ye do bheda haiM: - (1) bhAvavacana, (2) dravyavacana | bhAvavacana bIryAntarAya tathA matijJAnAvaraNa aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazamase evaM aGgopAGga nAmakarmake udayase hotA hai / yaha pudgala sApekSa honese paulika hai| pUrvokta sAmarthyayukta AtmAke dvArA prerita hokara pudgala hI dravyavacanarUpa pariNamana karate haiM, ataH dravyavacana bhI paulika haiM / manake do bheda haiM: - (1) bhAvamana aura (2) dravyamana / labdhi aura upabhogarUpa bhAvamana hai, yaha pudgala sApekSa honeke kAraNa paudgalika hai / jJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAyake kSayopazamase tathA AGgopAGga nAmakarmake udayase jo pudgala guNa-doSakA vicAra aura smaraNa Adi kAryoMke sammukha hue AtmAke upacAraka haiM, ve dravyamanase pariNata hote haiM, ataeva dravyamana bhI paudgalika hai / vAyuko bAhara nikAlanA prANa aura bAharase bhItara le jAnA apAna kahalAtA hai / vAyuke paudgalika honese prANApAna mI pudgala dvArA nirmita hai / sukha, duHkha, joSita aura maraNa bhI pudgaloMke upakAra hai| sukha-duHkha jIvakI avasthAeM haiM, ina avasthAoM ke hone meM pudgala nimitta hai, ataH ye pudgala ke upakAra haiN| AyuSkarmake udayase prANa, apAnakA viccheda na honA jIvana hai aura prANa - apamAnakA viccheda ho jAnA maraNa hai| prANApAnAdi pudgala skandhaanya hai, ataH ye bhI pudgalake upakAra haiM / dharmadravya : svarUpa vizleSaNa gatizIla jIva aura pudgaloMke gamana karanemeM jo sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai, vaha dharmadravya hai / jIva aura pudgalake samAna yaha bhI svatantra dravya hai / yaha niSkriya hai / bahupradezIya honeke kAraNa ise astikAya bhI kahA jAtA hai / 358 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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yaha dharmadravya 'puNyakA vAcI nahIM hai / isake asaMkhyAta pradeza haiN| yaha dravyake mUla pariNAmI svabhAva ke anusAra pUrvaparyAtrako chor3ane aura uttaraparyAyako dhAraNa karanekA krama apane pravAhI astitvako banAye rakhate hue anAdikAlase calA A rahA hai aura anantakAla taka cAlU rahegA / dharmadravyake kAraNa hI jIva aura pudgaloMke gamanakI sImA nirdhArita hotI hai| isameM na rasa haiM, na rUpa hai, na gandha hai, na sparza hai aura na zabda hI hai / ' yaha jIva aura pudgaloMko gamana karanemeM usI prakAra sahAyaka hai, jaise jala machalIke gamana karane meM / yaha eka amUttika samasta loka meM vyApta svatantra dravya hai / rai : svarUpa jisa prakAra dharmadravya jIva aura pudgaloMko gamana karane meM sahAyaka hai, usI prakAra adharmadravya jIva aura pudgaloMke Thaharane yA sthitimeM sahAyaka hai| dharmadravya jIva aura pudgaloke calane meM sahAyatA karatA hai aura adharmadravya ThaharanemeM / calane aura Thaharane kI zakti to jIva aura pudgaloM meM pAyI jAtI hai, para bAhya sahAyatA ke binA isa zaktikI abhivyakti nahIM ho pAtI hai| sahAyaka honepara bhI dharma aura adharmadravya preraka kAraNa nahIM haiM, na kisIko balapUrvaka calAte haiM aura na kisIko ThaharAte hI haiM, kintu ye donoM gamana karate aura Thaharate hue jIba aura pudgaloMkoM sahAyaka hote haiM / AkAzadravya : svarUpa jo jovAdi dravyoMko avakAza pradAna karatA hai, vaha AkAza hai| AkAza ananta hai, kintu jitane AkAzameM jIvAdi anya dravyoMkI sattA pAyI jAtI hai, vaha lokAkAza kahalAtA hai aura vaha sImita hai / lokAkAzase pare jo ananta zuddha AkAza hai, use alokAkAza kahA jAtA hai / usameM anya kisI dravyakA astitva nahIM hai, aura na ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vahAM gamanAgamana ke sAdhanabhUta dhadravyakA abhAva hai / sthiti, gamana aura rukAvaTa ye tInoM kriyAe~ AkAza dvArA sambhava nahIM haiM, 1. dhammatyikAyamarasaM aNNagaMdha asahamapphArasaM / logogAva puTTha pilamasaMkhAdiyapadesaM // 2. jar3a havadi dhammadavvaM taha NaM jANeha davtramacammakhaM / ThidikiriyAjuttANaM karaNabhUdaM tu puThavIna // vahI gAthA 86. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 359 - paJcAstikAya gAthA 83.

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yataH eka dravya dvArA apane zuddharUpameM eka hI prakArako kriyA sambhava mAnI jA sakatI hai| kriyAoM ke paraspara bhinna honepara to kAraNa aura sAdhanabhUta sAmagrIko bhinna- bhina mAnanA par3egA / ataeva lokAkAzameM gamana ke lie dharmadravya kAraNa, sthiti ke lie adharmadravya aura rukAvaTake lie AkAzadravya sAdhana hai| Ata gati pIla padArtha gAyaka hai. jahAMtaka una tattvoMkI sattA pAyI jAtI hai, usake bAge yaha unake gamanameM rukAvaTa utpanna karatA hai / AkAza samasta jIvAdi dravyoMko sthAna detA hai arthAt ye samasta jIvAdi dravya AkAzameM yugapat pAye jAte haiN| yoM ho pud galAdi dravyoM meM bhI parasparameM hInAdhika rUpameM eka dUsareko avakAza dete dekhA jAtA hai, kintu samasta dravyoMko eka sAtha avakAza denevAlA AkAza hI sambhava hai / isake ananta pradeza haiN| isake madhyabhAga meM caudaha rAjU UMcA puruSAkAra loka hai, isake kAraNa ho AkAza lokAkAza aura alokAkAza rUpa meM vibhAjita hai / lokAkAza asaMkhyAta pradezI hai aura alokAkAza ananta / yaha niSkriya aura amUrtika hai| avakAzadAna isakA asAdhAraNa guNa hai / didravya svatantra nahIM hai / AkAza-pradezoMmeM sUryodayakI apekSA pUrva, pazcima Adi dizAoMkI kalpanA ko jAtI hai / yaha koI pRthak dravya nahIM hai / AkAzapradezapakiyAM saba ora kapar3e meM tantuko taraha zreNIbaddha haiM / eka pudgala paramANu jitane AkAzako rokatA hai, use pradeza kahate hai / isa nApase AkAzake ananta pradeza haiM / yadi pUrva pazcima Adi vyabahAra honeke kAraNa dizAko svatantra dravya mAnA jAya, to pUrvadeza, pazcimadeza, uttaradeza Adi vyavahAroMse 'dezadravya' kI sattA bhI svatantra svIkAra karanI pdd'egii| isa prakAra prAnta, jilA aura sahasIla Adi bhI pRthaka dravya mAnane pdd'eNge| AkAzameM zabdaguNakI kalpanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai / zabda paudgalika hai, yaha pahale hI batAyA jA cukA hai| AkAzako prakRtikA vikAra bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki eka hI prakRtike ghaTa, paTa, pRthvI, jala, agni, prabhUti vikAra sambhava nahIM hai / mUrtikaamUrtika, rUpI-arUpI, vyApaka-adhyApaka evaM sakriya - niSkriya Adi rUpase viruddha dharmavAle eka hI prakRtike vikAra sambhava nahIM ho sakate haiM / AkAza anya dravyoMke samAna 'utpAda, vyaya aura prauSya' isa dravya lakSaNase mukta haiM aura isameM pratikSaNa apane agurulaghuguNake kAraNa pUrvaparyAyakA 360 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra baura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vinAza aura uttaraparyAyakA utpAda hote hue bhI satata avichinnatA banI rahatI hai / ata: AkAza parimAmonisya hai / kAlavya : svarUpa-vizlevana samasyA utpAdita karaNAra meM sahAyatA hotA hai| isakA lakSama vartanA hai| yaha svayaM parivartana karate hue anya dravyoMke parivartanameM sahAyaka hotA hai| kAlandrasyake do bheda haiM:-(1) nizcayakAla, (2) vyavahArakAla / nizcayakAla apanI dravyAtmakasattA rakhatA hai aura vaha dharma aura adharmadravyoMke samAna samasta lokAkAzameM sthita hai / kAladravya bhI anya dravyoMke samAna utpAda, vyaya aura nauvya lakSaNase yukta hai / rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adise rahita honeke kAraNa amUrtika hai| pratyeka lokAkAzake pradezapara eka-eka kAladravya apanI svatantra sattA rakhatA hai| dharma aura adharma dravyake samAna vaha lokAkAzavyApI eka dravya nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyeka lokAkAzapradezapara samayabhedase aneka dravya svIkAra kiye binA kArya nahIM cala sakatA hai| kAlavyake kAraNa hI vastumeM paryAya-parivartana hotA hai| padArthoM meM kAlakRta sUkSmatama parivartana hone meM athavA pudagalake eka paramANuko AkAzake eka pradezase dUsare pradezapara jAnemeM jisanA kAla yA samaya lagatA hai, vaha vyavahAra kAlakA eka samaya hai| aise asaMkhyAla samayoMkI Avali, saMkhyAsa AvaliyoMkA eka ucchvAsa, sAta ucchvAsoMkA eka stoka, sAta stokoMkA eka lava, 383 lavoMko nAlI, do nAliyoMkA eka muhUrta aura tosa muhUtrtakA eka ahorAtra hotA hai / isI prakAra pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana, varSa, yuga, pUrvAMga, pUrva, nayutAMga, nayuta Adi saMkhyAtakAlake bheda hai| isake pazcAt asaMkhyAtakAla prArambha hotA hai, isake jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ye tIna bheda haiM, anansakAlake bhI jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa meda kiye gaye haiM / anantakA utkRSTa pramANa anantAnanta hai / sAtatasva: svarUpa-vicAra aura bheva padArtha-vyavasthAkI dRSTi se yaha vizva Sadravyamaya hai| para mumukSuka lie mukti prApta karaneke hetu jisa tattvajJAnakI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ve tasva sAta haiN| vizva-vyavasthAkA jJAna honepara bhI tasvazAnake abhAvameM mola-prApti sambhava nahIM hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 361

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jisa vastukA jo bhAva hai, vaha tattva kahalAtA hai / vastuke asAdhAraNa svarUpabhUta svatatvako tattva kahate haiM / tattvazabda bhAvasAmAnyakA vAcaka' hai, kyoMki 'tat' yaha sarvanAma pada hai aura sarvanAma sAmAnya artha meM rahatA hai, ataH usakA bhAva tattva kahA jAtA hai| tathya yaha hai ki jo padArtha jisa rUpase avasthita hai, usakA usa rUpa meM honA, yahI yahA~ tattvazabdakA artha hai / tattva sAta haiM: -- (1) jova - jJAna darzana caitanyarUpa | (2) ajIva - jar3a dravya - pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla 1 (3) Asava - karmAgamanakA dvAra / (4) bandha - karmAgamanakA bandharUpameM pariNamana / (5) saMvara AyakA nirodha / (6) nirjarA -- baMdhe hue karmoMkA zanaiH zanaiH vinAza | (7) mokSa - samasta karmoMkA vinAza / tattvanirUpaNa prakriyA aura vidhi AAJLJ : tavanirUpaNakI mukhyataH do zailiyA~ pracilata haiM: - (1) anuyogadvAroMke AdhArapara aura (2) prayojanIbhUta padArthoM ke AdhArapara / sat, saMkhyA, kSetra Adi anuyogadvAroMke anusAra bIsa prarUpaNAoM dvArA jIvAdikA vizleSaNa- vivecanakaranA prathama zailI hai / yaha zailI atyanta vistRta haiM / dUsarI prakriyA AtmakalyANake lie prayojanabhUtapadArthoM ke nirUpaNakI hai / ye prayojanIbhUta padArtha sAta haiM, jinakA nirdeza pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai / anAdikAlase jIva tathA karma-nokarmarUpa ajIba milakara saMyukta avasthAko prApta ho rahe hai / ataeva isa saMyukta avasthA meM jIva aura ajIvako samajhanA sarva prathama prayojanabhUta hai / ye tattva anAdi haiN| jisa prakAra kAla anAdi, ananta haiM, usI prakAra ye tattva bhI anAdi haiM / puNya aura pApakA antarbhAva AsravattatvameM ho jAtA hai, yataH sAta tattva hI pramukha haiN| yoM to Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye pA~ca tatva bhAvarUpameM jIvakI paryAya haiM aura dravyarUpameM pudgalakI / jisa 1. tattvazabdo bhAva sAmAnyavAcI / katham ? taditi sarvanAmapadam / sarvanAma ca sAmAnye varttate tasya bhAvastattvam / tasya kasya ? yo'rtho yathAvasthitastathA tasya bhavanamityarthaH tathA rAjavArtikaH 22106. - sarvArthasiddhi 11228. 362 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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bhedavijJAnase AtmA aura parake vivekazAmase AdhArako sAMdhanA dvArA kevala jJAnakI prApti hotI hai, usa AtmA aura parameM ye sAsoM tattva samAhita ho jAte haiN| para tattvavyavasthAko sArA ke lie mAtA kI jAnakArI AvamA / jisa 'para'kI paratantratAko haTAnA hai aura jisa 'sva'ko svatantra karanA hai, una 'sva' aura 'para'ke jJAnameM hI tattva-jJAnako pUrNatA hai| yattaH muktikA sAdhana 'sva-para-vivekajJAna' hai| jIvakA lakSya duHkhoMse chuTakArA prAptakara zAzvata sukha-mokSako prApta karanA hai aura isa duHkhase chUTaneke hetu jina padArthokI jAnakArI apekSita hai, ve padArtha tatva kahalAte haiM / duHkha aura duHkhanivRtti karaneke sambandhameM sAta prakArako jijJAsAeM utpanna hotI haiM: (1) svataMtratA prApta karanevAlekA kyA svarUpa hai ? (2) paratantratA-AvaraNa karanevAlI vastu kauna hai aura usakA kyA svarUpa hai ? (3) AvaraNa karanevAlI vastu svatantratA prApta karanevAle jIva taka kaise pahu~cato hai ? (4) pahuMcakara vaha kisa prakAra baMdhatI hai ? (5) navIna karmabandhako rokanekA kyA upAya hai ? (6) pUrvAjita karmoko kaise naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? (7) muktikA kyA svarUpa hai? pUrvokta sAta tathyoMko jAnakArI pratyeka mumukSuke lie Avazyaka hai / jijJAsAke phalasvarUpa uttarameM prApta sAta tattva ho prayojanabhUta haiN| Atmatazva: nirUpaNa Atmahita-sAdhana karanA hI jIvakA lakSya hai aura yaha lakSya hai mokSaprApti / para mokSako prApti pradhAnakAraNoMke jAne binA saMbhava nahIM hai| AtmAke yathArtha svarUpakA nirUpaNa kiye binA vikArI AtmAkA parijJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai / jisa prakAra rogIko jabataka apane mUlabhUta Arogya svarUpakA jJAna na ho, taba taka use yaha nizcaya hI nahIM ho sakatA hai ki merI yaha asvastha avasthA roga hai| rogake vikArako yathArtha jAnakArI tabhI saMbhava hai jaba use apanI Arogya avasthAkA parijJAna ho jaay|| isa vizvameM anansa AtmAeM haiM aura unako apanI svatantra sattA hai / AtmAeM kisI virATa sattAkA aMza nahIM haiM / sabhI AtmAoMkA mUla svabhAva samAna haiM, usameM koI vilakSaNatA nahIM, bheda nhiiN| sabhI AtmAoMkA svatantra astitva siddha hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 363

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pratyeka AtmAkA maulika svarUpa eka honepara bhI saMsArakI AtmAoM meM jo bhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai, vaha aupapAdhika hai| karmo ke AvaraNakI tAratamyatAke kAraNa hI AtmAoMmeM pArasparika bheda dikhalAyI par3atA hai / AvaraNakI tAratamyatA ananta prakArako ho sakatI hai, ataH AtmAke svAbhAvika guNoMke vikAsa aura hrAsakI avasthAe~ bhI ananta haiN| svAnubhavase AtmAke zAna-darzana-caitanyarUpa astitvako siddhi hotI hai| padArthoM ko jAnanevAlI AtmA hai, indriyA~ nahIM / indriyA~ to kevala sAdhanamAtra haiN| AtmAke cale jAnepara indriyA~ kucha bhI nahIM jAna paatiiN| indriyoMke naSTa ho jAnepara bhI unake dvArA hue jimmakA gAtmaka kAraNa hatA hai| ____ jar3a aura cetanameM antyantAbhAva hai, ataH trikAlameM bhI AtmA acetana nahIM ho sktii| jisa vastukA virodhI tattva na mile, usakA astitva siddha nahIM hotA / cetanakA virodhI acetana padArtha hai, ataH cetanakA astitva siddha hai| jisa prakAra AkAza tonoM kAloMmeM akSaya, ananta aura atula hotA hai| usI prakAra AtmA bhI tInoM kAloMmeM avinAzI aura avasthita hai| isakA grahaNa jJAna-darzana guNake dvArA hotA hai| caitanya AtmAkA viziSTa guNa hai| yaha AtmAke atirikta anya kisI padArtha meM prApta nahIM hotA / ataH AtmA svatantra dravya hai aura usameM padArthake dhyApaka lakSaNa arthakriyAkAritva aura sat donoM ghaTita hote haiM / AtmAmeM jAnanekI kriyA nirantara hotI rahatI hai| jJAnakA pravAha eka kSaNake lie bhI nahIM ruktaa| pAsma-bheda vikAsadazAko dRSTise AtmAke tIna bheda haiM:1. bahirAtmA-mithyASTi-mithyAdarzI, 2. antarAtmA-samyagdRSTi-samyagdarzI, 3. paramAtmA.-sarvadarzI-sarvajJa / mahirAtmA : svarUpa jo mithyAtvabhAvake kAraNa zarIra, indriya, mana Adike sAtha strI, putra Adi para-padArthoMko apanA samajhatA hai, vaha bahirAlmA hai / bahirAtmA mithyAdRSTi hotA hai aura vaha zarIra evaM indriyoMko hI AtmA samajhatA hai| AtmAke jJAna, dhyAna aura adhyayanarUpa sukhAmRtako chor3akara indriyoMke 164 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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sukhako bhogatA hai, vaha bahirAtmA hai' / deha, kalatra, putra aura mitrAdika cetanAke vaibhAvika rUpa haiM, inameM apanepanakI bhAvanA karanevAlA bahirAtmA hotA hai| mithyAdarzanase mohita jIva apane paramAtmA ko nahIM samajhatA aura na use nijAtmA kI hI prApti hotI hai / phalasvarUpa vaha parapadArthoMmeM Atmabuddhi karatA hai / jo mada, moha aura mAnasahita hai, rAga-dveSase nitya santapta rahatA hai, viSayoMmeM ati Asaka hai, vaha bahirAtmA hai / " bahirAtmAmeM nimnalikhita tattva vidyamAna rahate haiM: 1. midhyAtvodaya, 2. tIvra kaSAyaviSa 3. AtmA zarIrake ekatvako anubhUti, 4. heyopAdeya- vicArazUnya / mithyAtvaguNasthAna meM jIva utkRSTa bahirAtmA hai, sAsAdana guNasthAnameM madhyama bahirAtmA aura mizraguNasthAna meM jaghanya bahirAtmA kahalAtA hai | yaha mukha hotA hai / antarAtmA vivecana jinheM sva-para-viveka yA bhedavijJAna alaga ho gayA hai, jinakI zarIra nAdi bAhya padArthoMse AtmadRSTi haTa gayI hai, ve samyagdRSTi antarAtmA haiM / jaba jIvakI dRSTi bAhya viSayase haTakara antarakI ora jhuka jAtI hai, taba vaha antarAtmA kahalAtA hai / yaha antarAtmA sabhI prakArase jalpoMse rahita hotA hai aura dehAdiko apane se bhinna samajhatA hai tathA nijAnubhUtikA pAna karatA hai / antarAtmAke nimnalikhita guNa hote haiM: 1. appANAJjJANajjJayaNasumiya rasAyaNadhvANaM / mokhANa suhaM jo bhuMja sohu mahirappA | dehakalalaM puttaM mittAi bihAyacedaNAruvaM / appasarUvaM bhAvai so ceva havei bahirappA // rayaNasAra-gAyA 135, 137. 2. micchA daMsaNa - mohiyara para appA Na muNe / so bahirappA jiNa bhaNiu purNa saMsAra mameda // 3. madamohamAnasahitaH -- yogasAra, padma 7. rAgadveSanityasantaptaH / viSameSu tathA zuddhaH nahirAtmA bhagyate hyeSaH // - jJAnasAra, padya 30. sIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 365 -

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1. dharmadhyAnakA dhyAtA, 2. AtmonmukhI pravRtti, 3. zarIra aura AtmAke bhinnatvakI pratIti, 4. AtmaniSThAkA pUrNa sadbhAva, 5. jinavacanoMkA vijJatA / antarAtmA : bheda ___ antarAtmAke tIna bheda haiN| ina bhedoMko kalpanAkA AdhAra guNoMkA vikAsa hai / AtmaguNa jisa paristhitimeM vikasita hote haiM, uso paristhitike anusAra antarAtmAke bheda nirdhArita kiye jAte haiM (1) uttama antarAtmA kSINakaSAyaguNasthAnameM avasthita AtmA uttama antarAtmA hai| (2) madhyama antarAtmA-avirata aura kSINakaSAyaguNasthAnoMke bIcameM (5 se 11 meM) rahanevAlA madhyama antarAtmA hai| (3) jaghanya antarAtmA-avirataguNasthAnameM usake yogya azubhalezyAse prinnt| jo jIva pAMcoM mahAvatoMse yukta hokara dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAnameM sadA sthita rahate haiM tathA samasta pramAdoMko jinhoMne jIta liyA hai, ve utkRSTa antarAtmA haiM / zrAvakake vratoMko pAlanevAle gRhastha aura pramattaguNasthAnavartI muni 'madhyama' antarAtmA haiN| ye jinavacanameM anurakta, upazamasvabhAvI aura mahAparAkramI hote haiM / avirata samyagdRSTi jaghanya antarAtmA kahalAte haiM / ' paramAtmA : svarUpa zuddha AtmA ho paramAtmA hai| jaba AtmA vizuddha bhyAnake balase karmarUpI Indhanako bhasma kara deto hai, to yahI paramAtmA bana jAtI hai| 1. paMcamahabbaya-juttA pamme sukke vi saMThidA Nicca / Nijjiya-sayala-pamAyA, ukkiTThA aMtarA hosi // sAvayaguNehiM juttA pamattaviramA ma majisamA hoti / jiNavayaNe aNuratA uvasamasolA mahAsasA 1 / avirayasammAdiTThI hoti bahapaNA miNidapayabhattA / ayANaM girdatA guNagahaNe sulu aNurattA // -svAmikAtikeyAnuprekSA 195-197. 366 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya paramparA

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paramAtmAke do bheda haiM:-(1) sakalaparamAtmA aura (2) nikalaparamAtmA / athavA (1) kAraNaparamAtmA aura (2) kAryaparamAtmA / janma, jarA, maraNa rahita, ATha karma rahita, zuddha, jJAnasvabhAva, akSaya aura avinAzI sukhakA dhAraka, avyAbAgha, atIndriya, anupama, puNya-pApa rahita, nitya, acala evaM nirAlamba kAraNapAtyA losA hai| praudamika ANi nAra bhAvoMke agocara honese dravyakarma, bhAvakama aura nokamarUpa upAdhise janita vibhAva guNaparyAyoMse rahita evaM sahaja-zuddha paramapAriNAmikabhAvadhArI kAraNaparamAtmA ____ aSTa karmokA nAza aura samasta dehAdi paradravyoMkA tyAgakara kevalajJAnamaya AtmAko prApta karanA kAryaparamAtmA hai| kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya guNa isa paramAtmAmeM prakaTa ho jAte haiN| siddhaparameSThI kAryaparamAtmA aura arhantaparameSThI kAraNaparamAtmA kahalAte haiN| sakalaparamAtmAkA artha bhI arhanta hai| yahA~ kala-zabdakA artha zarIra hai, jo zarIra sahita hai, vaha sakalaparamAtmA hai aura zarIra sahita honake kAraNa arhanta sakalaparamAtmA hai / jo zarIrarahita samasta karmakAlimAse mukta hai, vaha nikalaparamAtmA hai / zarIrarahisa honeke kAraNa nikalaparamAtmA kahalAte haiM ! isa prakAra vikAsakramakI dRSTi se AtmasvarUpako avagata kara usakI niSThA karanA mokSamArgakI ora agrasara honA hai| joyake bhAva : svarUpa aura bheda cetana aura drazyake svabhAvako bhAva kahate haiN| bhAvakA artha cittavikAra, karmodaya sApekSa jIvapariNati, guNa-paryAyarUpa artha evaM vizeSa AtmapariNati hai / vastutaH padArthoM ke pariNAmako bhAva kahA jAtA hai| ___ AtmAkI do avasthAe~ haiM:-(1) saMsArAvasthA aura (2) muktaavsthaa| ina donoM prakArako avasthAoMmeM AtmAkI jo vividha paryAyeM hotI haiM, unako samanvita kara pAMca bhedoMmeM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye hI bhAva athavA AtmAke svatatva' kahalAte haiM, yataH AtmAke atirikta anya dravyameM ye nahIM pAye jaate| (1) aupazamikabhAva-karmoke upazamase utpanna honevAlI pariNati / (2) kSAyikabhAva-karmoMke kSayase utpanna honevAlI pariNati / (3) kSAyopazamika-karmoMke kSayopazamase utpanna honevAlI pariNati / (4) audayika-kamoki udayase utpanna honevAlI pariNati / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 367

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(5) pAriNAmika bhAva-kamoMke upazamAdike vinA svabhAvarUpameM utpanna honevAlI pariNati / ___jisa bhAvake utpanna hone meM karmakA upazama nimitta hotA hai, vaha aupazamika bhAva hai| karmakI avasthA vizeSakA nAma upamAma hai| jaise kataka-nirmalI Adi dhyake nimittase jalameM mizrita maila nIce Sama AsA hai aura svaccha jala Upara nikala jAtA hai, usI prakAra pariNApavirodha ke kAraNa niyazita kAlameM karmaniSakoMkA antara hokara usa karmakA upazama ho jAtA hai, jisase usa kAlake bhItara AtmAkA nirmala bhAva prakaTa hotA hai| karmake upazamase hone ke kAraNa ise aupazamika kahA jAtA hai| nIce jame hue malake hila jAnepara jisa prakAra jala punaH gandA ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra upazamake dUra hote hI karmodayake punaH AjAnese bhAvameM parivartana ho jAtA hai| jisa bhAvake honemeM karmakA kSaya nimitta ho, use kSAyikabhAva kahate haiN| jisa prakAra jalameMse malake nikAla denepara jala sarvathA svaccha ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmAse lage hue pharmake sarvathA dUra ho jAnese AtmAkA nirmalabhAva prakaTa ho jAtA hai| ata: yaha bhAva karmake sarvathA kSaya honese kSAyika kahalAtA hai| jisa bhAvake hone meM karmakA kSayopazama nimitta hai, vaha kSAyopamika bhAva kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra jalameMse kucha malake nikala jAnepara aura kuchake bane rahanepara jalameM malakI kSINAkSINa vRtti pAyI jAtI hai, jisase jala pUrA nirmala na hokara samala banA rahatA hai| isI prakAra AtmAse lage hue karmake kSayopazamake honepara jo bhAva prakaTa hotA hai, use kSAyopamika bhAva kahate haiN| karmoMke udayase honevAle bhAvako odayika bhAva kahate haiN| karmake, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama aura udayake vinA dravyake pariNAmamAtrase utpanna honevAlA bhAva pAriNAmika kahA jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki bAhya nimittake binA dravyake svAbhAvika pariNamanase jo bhAva prakaTa hotA hai, vaha pAriNAmika kahalAtA hai| saMsArI athavA mukta AsmAkI jitanI paryAyeM hotI haiM, una sabakA antabhAMva ina pAMca bhAvoM meM hI ho jAtA hai / ___ saMsArI jovoMmeMse kisIke tona, kisoke cAra aura kisI jIvake pAMca bhAva hote haiN| tRtIya guNasthAna takake samasta saMsArI jIvoMke kSAyopazamika, 368 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI bAcArya-paramparA

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Avadhika aura pArivAmika ye sIna hI bhAva hote haiN| cAra bhAva aupazamika samyaktva, kAyika samyaktva yA kSAyika pAritrake prApta honepara hote haiM aura pAMca bhAva kSAyikasamyagdRSTike upazamazreNikA ArohaNa karanepara hote haiN| mukta jIvoMke kSAyika aura pAriNAmika ye do hI bhAva hote haiN| bhAvoMka bheda-prameva aupazamika mAyake do bheda haiM-:(1) opamika samyaktva mora (2) opazabhika caaritr| karmakI daza avasthAoM meM eka upazAnta avasthA hai| jo karmaparamANu udIraNAke ayogya hote haiM, ve upazAnta kahalAte haiN| baghaHkaraNa Adi pariNAmavizeSoMse darzanamohanIyake upazamase aupazamikasamyaktva aura cAritramohanIyake upazamase opazamikacAritra utpanna hotA hai / ___ kSAyikabhAvake nau bheda haiM:-(1) kevalajJAna, (2) kevaladarzana, (3) nAyika dAna, (4) kSAyikalAbha, (5) kSAyika bhoga, (6) kSAyika upabhoga, (7) kSAyikavIrya, (8) kSAyikasamyaktva aura (9) kssaayikcaaritr| mAnAvaraNake kSayase kevalajhAna, darzanAvaraNake kSayase kevaladarzana, pAMca prakArake antarAyake kSayase dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya ye labdhiyAM, darzanamohanoyakarmake kSayase kSAyikasamyaktva aura cAritramohanIyakarmake kSayase kSAyikacAritra prakaTa hote haiN| ___ kSAyopazamikabhAvake aThAraha bheda hai:-( 1-4 ) cAra jJAna-mati, zruta; avadhi aura manaHparyaya (5-7) tIna ajJAna-kumati, kuzruta aura kuavadhi, (8-12) pA~ca labdhiyA-kSAyopazamika dAna, kSAyoparzAmaka lAbha, kSAyopazamika bhoga, kSAyopazamika upabhoga aura kSAyopAmika vIrya; (12-15) tIna darzana-cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana aura avadhidarzana; (16) kSAyopazamika samyaktva; (17) kSAyopazamika cAritra evaM (18) saMyamAsaMyama / ___ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki jina avAntara karmoMmeM dezaghAti aura sarvaghAti donoM prakArake karmaparamANu pAye jAte haiM, kSayopazama unhIM karmokA hotA hai| nokaSAyoMmeM dezaghAti karmaparamANu hI pAye jAte haiM, ataH unakA kSayopazama nahIM hotA / tattatkamake kSayopazamase upayukta bhAva prakaTa hote haiN| audayikabhAvake ikkosa bheda hai:-cAra gati, cAra kaSAya, tIna veda, mithyAdarzana, ajJAna, asaMyama, asiddhabhAva aura SaT lezyAe~ / gatinAmakarmake udayase naraka, tiryaJca; manuSya aura deva ye cAra gatiyA~ tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 369 24

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hotI haiN| kavAyamohanIyake udayase kroSa, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAya hote haiM / vedanokaSAyake udayase strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka ye tIna veda hote haiN| mithyAtvamohanIyake udayase mithyAdarzana, mAnAvaraNake udayase banAnamAva, cAritramohanIyake sarvadhAti spardhakoMke udayase asaMyata bhAva, sabhI karmodayase asiddha bhAva hote haiM / kaSAyake udayase anuraMjita yogapravRttiko lezyA kahate __ pAriNAmika bhAvake tIna bheda haiM:-(1) jIvatva, (2) bhavyatva bora (3) abhavyatva / jovatvakA artha caitanya hai| yaha zakti AtmAko svAbhAvika hai| isameM karmaka udayAdikI apekSA nahIM rahatI, ataeva pAriNAmika bhAva hai| yahI bAta bhavyatva aura abhavyatvake sambandhameM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| jisa bAtmAmeM ratnatrayake prakaTa honeko yogyatA hai vaha bhavya hai aura jisameM isa prakArako yogyatAkA abhAva hai| vaha abhavya hai| jIvameM astitva, anyatva, nityatva aura pradezavatva bAdi anya pArivAmika bhAva bhI pAye jAte haiM, para jIvake asAdhAraNa bhAvako dRSTise uka tIna hI pAriNAmika bhAva haiN| isa prakAra jIvake mUla bhAva pA~ca aura avAntara tirepana hote haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki AtmAeM akhaNDa aura mUlataH pratyeka bAtmA svatantra samAna zaktivAlI haiN| karmAvaraNake kAraNa AtmAko zakti honAdhika rUpameM vikasita dikhalAyI par3atI hai / ajovatasva : svarUpa ajIvake sambandhase AtmA vikRta hotI hai, usameM vibhAva pariNati utpanna hotI hai, ataeva ajIvake svarUpako jAnakArI Avazyaka hai| bajIvase hI AtmA baghato hai, yahI AtmAkI paratantratAkA kAraNa hai| abIvatatvake antargata dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura pudgala ina pA~cako gaNanA ko jAtI hai| pUrvake cAra tatva AtmAkA iSTa, aniSTa nahIM karate / pudgala dravya hI bAtmAke bandhakA kAraNa hai| isIse zarIra, mana, indriya, zvAsocchavAsa aura vacana AdikA nirmANa hotA hai| mumukSuke lie zarIrako podgalikatAkA jhAna atyanta Avazyaka hai| jIvanako AsaktikA mukhya kendra yahI hai / AtmAkA vikAsa prAyaH zarIrAdhIna hai, zarIrake kisI bhI aMgake bigar3ate hI vartamAna jJAnakA vikAsa ruka jAtA hai 370 : vIkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAcArya-paramparA

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aura zarIrake nAza honepara vartamAna zaktiyA~ prAyaH samApta ho jAtI haiM, so bhI AtmAkA apanA svatantra astitva tela-battIse bhinna jyosike samAna pRthak hai / ataeva pudgalakI prakRtikA parijJAna atyanta Avazyaka hai, isake yathArSa upayogase ho AtmAkA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| AhAra-vihArake uttejaka honepara pavitra vicAroMkI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hotii| isalie azubha saMskAra aura vicAroMkA tAmana karane ke lie prabala nimittabhata zarIrakI sthiti AdikA parijJAna Avazyaka hai| jina parapadArtho se AtmAko virakta honA he aura jinheM 'para' samajhakara unakI chInA-jhapaTIkI dvandvadazAse Upara uThanA hai unakA tyAga karaneke lie ajIva tatvako samajhanA hai| bAtmA aura banAraNa donoM nathya haiN| nonala gumara pAyo adicchinna samudAya haiN| sAmAnyaguNako apekSA donoM abhinna aura vizeSaguNako apekSA bhinna haiM / AtmA jJAnase sarvathA bhinna bhI nahIM aura sarvathA abhinna bhI nahIM hai / kathaJcit bhinnAbhinna hai| vastutaH zarIra aura cetana donoM bhinnadharmaka haiN| inakA anAdipravAhI sambandha hai / cetana aura acetana caitanyakI dRSTise atyanta bhinna haiN| ata: ve sarvadA eka nahIM ho sakate / cetana zarIrakA nirmAtA hai aura zarIra usakA adhiSThAna, isalie donoMpara eka dUsarekI kriyA-pratikriyA hotI hai| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki zarIrakI racanA tana-vikAsake AdhArapara hotI hai| jisa jIvake jitane indriya-mana vikasita hote haiM, usake utane ho indriya-manake jJAna-tantu banate haiN| ve jJAna-tantu hI indriya evaM mAnasazAna ke sAdhana hote haiN| ataeva zarIra aura bAtmAke sambandhakA paridhAna aura usakI anubhUti pratyeka mumukSuke lie Avazyaka hai / bhUta aura cetanameM atyantAbhAva hai-trikAlavartI viroSa hai| cetana kabhI acetana aura acetana kabhI cetana nahIM ho sakatA hai| ___ Azaya yaha hai ki jIvake lie upayogI Atma aura anAtma donoM hI tatva haiM, yata: jIva aura pudgalakA bandha anAdise hai aura yaha baca jIvake apane rAga-dveSa Adike kAraNa uttarottara bar3hatA hai| aba ye rAgAdibhAva kSINa hote haiM, saba yaha bandha AtmAmeM naye vibhAva utpanna nahIM kara sakatA aura zanaiH zanai: yA eka hI jhaTakese hI samApta ho jAtA hai / Asravatastha: svalpavivecana jIvake dvArA mana, vacana aura kAyase jo zubhAzubhapravRtti hotI hai, use bhAvAsrava aura usake nimittase vizeSa prakArako pudgalavargaNAe~ pAkarSita tIpaMkara mahApaura aura unakI dezanA : 31

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hokara usake pradezoM meM praveza karatI haiM, vaha dravyAsava hai / sarvasAdhAraNake yaha Asrava kaSAyavaza honeke kAraNa bandhakA hetu honese sAmparAyika kahalAtA hai / vItarAgayaktiyoM ke AgAmI karmabandhakA hetu na honese IrSyApatha kahA jAtA hai| yacana jIvameM karmamalake Aneko sUcanA Asrava dvArA prApta hotI hai / yataH jIva aura karmakA bandha tabhI sambhava hai, jaba jIvameM karmapudgaloMkA Agamana ho / ataH karmo ke Aneke dvArako vyAsava kahate haiM / jisa prakAra naukAmeM chedake dvArA pAnI AtA hai, ataH vaha cheda Asava kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra mana, aura kAyako pravRtti dvArA karmoMkA Agamana hotA hai, tathA yaha pravRtti yA zakti hI yoga kahalAtI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki hama manake dvArA jo kucha socate haiM, vacana-dvArA jo kucha bolate haiM aura zarIra dvArA jo kucha halana calana karate haiM, vaha saba hamArI ora karmo ke Ane meM kAraNa hotA hai / mana, vacana aura kAkI kriyAko yoga kahA jAtA hai aura yoga hI AsravakA kAraNa hone se Asava kahA jAtA hai| yogoM mana, vacana aura kAyakI pravRttiyoM dvArA Atmaparispandana hotA hai aura isa parispandanase kamakA Alava hotA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki saMsArI jIvake madhyake ATha pradezoMko chor3akara zeSa saba pradeza prati samaya udvelita hote rahate haiM / jo Atmapradeza prathama samaya meM mAtra ke pAsa the, ve hI uttarakSaNa meM pairoMke pAsa yA pairoMke pAsase mastaka ke pAsa pahu~cate haiM / saMsArAvasthA meM yaha pradezakampana - vyApAra - kriyA prati samaya hotI rahatI hai| isI kampana -- vyApArase karma aura nokavargaNAoMkA grahaNa hotA hai / isa kriyAkA nAma hI yoga hai aura yoga hI Asrava hai / zubhayoga se puNyakarmakA aura azubhayogase pApakarmakA Asrava hotA hai / jina karmoMkA rasa - anubhAga zubhaprada hai, ve puNyakarma aura jina karmoMkA anubhAga azubhaprada hai, ve pApakarma kahe jAte haiM / kAyayoga, vAgyoga aura manoyogake dvArA AtmA ke pradezoM meM eka parispandana hotA hai, jisake kAraNa AtmAmeM eka aisI avasthA utpanna hotI hai, jisameM usake AsapAsa bhare hue sUkSmAtisUkSma pudgalaparamANu AtmAse A cipaTate hai / AtmA aura pudgalaparamANuoM ke iso samparkakA nAma Asrava hai / Anavabheva aura svarUpa isa Avake mUlataH do bheda haiM: --- (1) sAmparAyika aura (2) IryApathika / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobharUpa ina cAra tIvra manovikArarUpa kaSAyoMke vegase prerita avasthAmeM utpanna huA Astrava sAmparAyika evaM ina vikAroMkI preraNA se rahita sAdhAraNa avasthAmeM honevAlA Asrava IryApathika - mArgagAmI kahA jAtA 372 : sorthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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hai| isake dvArA AtmA aura karmapradezoMkA koI sthira bandha utpanna nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra sUkhe vastrapara lago huI dhUla zIghra hI jhar3a jAtI hai, bahuta samaya taka vastrapara cipaTI nahIM rahatI, usI prakAra kaSAyake abhAvameM honevAlA Asrava karmabandhako sthiratA pradAna nahIM karatA hai| para jaba joyakI mAnasika Adi kriyAeM kaSAyoMse yukta hotI haiM, taba AtmapradezoM meM eka aisI parapadArthagrAhiNI dazA utpanna ho jAtI hai, jisake kAraNa usake samparka meM AnevAle karmaparamANu zIghra usase pRthak nahIM hote / ____ Asravake mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~ca bheda haiM aura ye pAMcoM Asrava pratyaya honeke kAraNa bandhake hetu hai / ' mithyAtva apane svarUpako bhUlakara zarIra Adi paradravyoMmeM Atmabuddhi karanA mithyAtva hai / ise viparIta zravA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| gigAdapikI samasta kriyAeM aura vicAra zarIrAzrita vyavahAroMmeM ulajhe rahate haiM / laukika yazalAbha Adiko kAmanAse hI dharmAcaraNa karatA hai / ise svaparaviveka nahIM rahatA aura padArthoke svarUpameM bhrAnti banI rahatI hai / yaha mithyAtva sahaja aura gRhIta do prakArakA hotA hai| ina donoM hI mithyASTiyoMke tattvaruci jAgRta nahIM hotii| yaha aneka prakArake deva, guru aura mUr3hatAoMko dharma mAnatA hai / bhaneka prakArake UMca, nIca Adi bhedoMko sRSTikara mithyA ahaMkArakA poSaNa karatA hai / zAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, bala, Rddhi, tapa aura zarIrake madase matta hokara anya vyaktiyoMko tuccha samajhatA hai / AtmaniSThAke abhAvameM bhaya, svAyaM, ghRNA, para-nindA Adi durguNoMkA kendra hotA hai / saMkSepameM Atmazakiko na pahacAnanA aura zarIra, indriya Adiko vAtmA samajhanA mithyAtva hai / ahaMtA aura mamatAke kAraNa AtmA apane nija svarUpako pahacAna nahIM paatii| mithyAtvake kAraNa dhAtmaboSa na honese apane svarUpase vimukhatA banI rahatI hai / jisa prakAra bAlaka miTTIke gharoMde banAte aura bigAr3ate rahate haiM, usI prakAra AtmA hI isa saMsArako banAtI rahatI hai / ataeva mithyAtvakA tyAga Avazyaka hai / miSyAtyake pAMca bheda haiM:--(1) ekAnsa, (2) viparIta, (3) vainayika, (4) saMzaya aura (5) ajnyaan| 1. miNyatAviradiemAjomakohAvaloSa viSNeyA / pana paga pagavA titha cadu kamaso bhedA du pujvassa / / -dravyasaMgraha 30. tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI vezamA : 373

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avirati sadAcAra yA cAritradhAraNa karane kI ora ruci yA pravRtti nahIM honA avirati hai / kaSAyake tIvrodaya se dezacAritra aura sakalacAritrako dhAraNa karanekI pravRtti utpanna nahIM hotI hai | aviratike pAMca va bAraha bheda haiM :- (1) hiMsA, (2) asatya, (3) steya - corI, (4) abrahma aura (5) parigraha - icchA athavA (1-6 ) indriyoM ke aura manake viSayoMmeM pravRtti, (7) pRthvIkAdhika prANiyoM kI hiMsA, (8) jalakAyika prANiyoMkI hiMsA, (9) tejakAyika prANiyoM kI hiMsA, (10) vAyukAyika prANiyoMkI hiMsA, (11) vanaspatikAyika prANiyoMkI hiMsA aura (12) sakAyika prANiyoMkI hiMsA | prabhAva kuzala karmo meM anAdara honA pramAda hai / sAdhAraNataH asAvadhAnIko pramAda kahA jAtA hai | paMcedriyaviSayoMmaM lIna honese, rAjakathA, corakathA, strIkathA aura bhojanakathA Adi vikathAoM meM rasa lenese; krodha, mAna mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM se kaluSita honese tathA nidrA aura praNaya meM magna honese kuzala kamoMke prati anAdarabhAva utpanna hotA hai aura isI anAdarase AtmA ke prati anAsthA aura hiMsAkI bhUmikA nirmita ho jAtI hai| hiMsA ke mukhya hetuoMma pramAdakA pramukha sthAna hai / prANIkA ghAta ho yA na ho, para pramAdoko hiMsAkA doSa sunizcita hai / prayatnapUrvaka pravRtti karanevAle apramatta sAdhakake dvArA bAhya hiMsA honepara bhI vaha ahiMsaka ho rahatA hai| ataeva pramAda hiMsAkA mukhya dvAra hai / kavAya AtmA svabhAvataH jJAna, darzana aura zAntirUpa hai / usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA vikAra nahIM hai / para krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAeM AtmAko karatI haiM aura use svarUpase cyuta karatI haiM / kaSAyazabdako vyutpatti - kaS dhAtuse hai aura kaS dhAtuke do artha haiM-karSaNa evaM hiMsA" / jo jIvake sukhaduHkha Adi aneka prakArake dhAnyako utpanna karanevAle tathA jisakI saMsArarUpa maryAdA atyanta dUra hai, aise karmarUpI kSetrakA karSaNa' - khodakara yA jotakara 1. hiMsAnRtastayA brahmaparimA kAGakSA rUpeNAvitiH paJcavidhA athavA manaHsahitapacendriyapravRtti pUthiSyAdiSaTkAya virAdhanAbhedena dvAdazaviSA - brahmadeva, upasaMhRTokA gAyA 30 pR0 89. , 2. gommaTasAra - jIvakANDa, gAthA 281-282. 374 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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upajAU banAneke kAraNa kaSAya kahalAtI hai| dUsarI vyutpattike anusAra jo dezacAritra aura sakalacAritrakA ghAta karatI hai, vaha kaSAya hai / ye cAroM AtmAkI vibhAvadazAeM haiN| krodhakaSAya dveSarUpa hai aura hai dveSakA kAraNa evaM kArya / mAna krodhako utpanna karaneke kAraNa dveSarUpa hai / mAyA lobhako jAgRta karanese rAgarUpa hai tathA lobha bhI rAga hai| isa prakAra rAga-dveSa aura mohako tripuTImeM kaSAyakA bhAga mukhya hai| ye kaSAeM bar3I prabala haiN| lobha kaSAya to bar3e-bar3e tyAgiyoM ko bhI vilita kara detI haiN| kaSAyakA tyAga kiye binA bAtmacetanA nirmala nahIM ho sktii| ye isa prakArake vikAra haiM, jo nirantara bAsmAko kaluSita banAte haiN| vastutaH ye vikAra hI AtmAke antaraMga zatru haiN| inake haTAnese Atma-dRSTi prApta hotI hai| kaSAyake 25 meda haiM |solh kaSAya aura nava no-kaSAya haiM / solaha kaSAyoMke antargata anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, apratyAkhyAna krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, pratyAkhyAna krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura saMjvalana krodha, mAna, mAyA, lomako gaNanA hai| ina kaSAyoMke atirikta hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, stroveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakavedakI gaNanA nokaSAyoMmeM hai| ina kaSAyoMke kAraNa ho AtmAmeM vikArapariNati utpanna hotI hai / yoga mana, vacana aura kAyake nimittase Atma-pradezomeM honevAle parispandakiyAko yoga kahate haiN| AtmA sakriya hai| usake pradezoMmeM parispanda hotA hai| ataH mana, vacana aura kAyake nimittase sadA usameM kriyA hotI rahatI hai / jisa prakAra lohekA garma golA pAnI meM DAla denepara cAroM ora jalIya paramANuoMkA AkarSaNa karatA hai, usI prakAra yogake kAraNa AtmA sabhI orase karmavarmaNAboMko khIMcatI hai| yoga karmaparamANuoko lAnekA kArya karatA hai aura kavAya una karmaparamANu boMko sambaddha karAtI hai| yogake pandraha bheda haiM: (2) satya manoyoga- samIcIna padArthako viSaya karanevAlA manoyoga / (2) asatya manoyoga---satyase viparIta mithyA padArthako viSaya karanevAlA / (3) ubhaya manoyoga-satya aura mithyA donoM prakArakA mana-donoM prakAra ke padArthIko viSaya karanevAlA mana | (4) anumaya manoyoga-na satya aura na mRSA / (5) satya vacanayoga-satyAryake vAcaka vacana / (6) basatya vacanayoga-asatyArthaka vAcaka vacana / (7) ubhaya vacanayoga-umayApaka vAcaka vacana / tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 375

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(8) anubhayavacanayoga anupayArthaka vAcaka vacana | (9) audArikakAyayoga-sthUlazarIrajanya kAyayoga / (10) audArikamizrakAyayoga--audArikazarIra pUrNa honeke phle| (11) kriyikakAyayoga-vibhinna prakArako vikriyA-rUpAntara karane ___ kI zakti / (12) vaiyikabhitrakAyayoga-vakriyikazarIrake utpanna honekI pUrva sthiti| (13} AhArakakAyayoga-rasAdi dhAturahita utkRSTa saMsthAna bora saMhanana sahita uttamAMga-sirase utpanna (14) AhArakamiznakAyayoga-AhAraphazarIra pUrNa honekI pUrva sthiti| (15) kArmaNakAyayoga-jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTakokA samUha / bandha do padArthoM ke viziSTa sambandhako banda kahA jAtA hai| bandhake do bheda haiM:--(1) bhAvabandha aura (2) dravyabandha / jina rAga-dveSa aura mohAdi vikAro bhAvose karmakA bandha hotA hai, una bhAvoMko bhAvabandha kahate haiM aura karmapudgaloMkA Atma-pradezoMse sambandha honA dravyabandha hai| dravyavandha AtmA aura pudgalakA sambandha hai| karma aura AtmAke ekakSetrAvagAhI sambandhako badha kahA jAtA hai / yaha bandha sabhI AtmAoMke nahIM hotA hai| jo AtmA kaSAyavAna hai, vahI AtmA karmoM ko grahaNa karato hai / yadi lohekA golA garma na ho, to pAnIko grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA hai| para garma honepara vaha jaise apanI ora pAnIko khIMcatA hai, usI prakAra zuddhAtmA karmoko grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai, para jaba kaSAyasahita AtmA pravRtti karatI hai, to vaha pratyeka samaya meM nirantara kamoko grahaNa karatI rahatI hai / isa prakAra karmoMko grahaNa karake unase saMzleSako prApta ho jAnA hI bandha hai / bandhake bhoga aura kaSAya ye do pradhAna hetu haiN| bhedavivakSAse mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga the pAMca hetu bandhake haiM / yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki yaha bandha saMyogapUrvaka nahIM hotaa| yaha to eka aisA mizraNa hai, jisameM rAsAyanika parivartana hotA hai| milanevAlI donoM pastueM apanI vAstavika avasthAko chor3akara eka tIsarI avasthAko prApta ho jAtI hai / udAharaNArtha-dUdha aura pAnIko mizrita avasthAko liyA jA sakatA hai| isa mizrita avasthAmeM na to dUdha apanI yathArtha avasthAmeM rahatA hai aura na pAnI hii| balki dUdha aura pAnIko mizrita eka tRtIya avasthA hotI hai| isI prakAra joSa aura karma parasparameM sambandhita honepara na to jova hI apanI zuddha avasmAmeM 171 : vIkara mahAvIra aura unakI kAbArya paramparA

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} rahatA hai aura na karmayudgala ho / dAnoM donAMse hI prabhAvita hote haiM / yahI bandha hai / Astraya aura bandha saMsArake kAraNa haiN| Asravako karmabandhakA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / saMvara AsravakA nirodha saMvara he / mumukSu jIva karmake Asavake kAraNoMko pahacAna kara jaba unase viruddha vRttiyoMkA avalambana letA hai, to Atrava ruka jAtA hai aura AsravakA rukanA ho saMvara hai / karmAsravakA nirodha mana vacana, kAyake aprazasta vyApArake rokane, vivekapUrvaka pravRtti karane, kSamA Adi dharmoM kA AcaraNa karane, antaHkaraNa meM viraktike jAgrata hone aura samyakcAritrakA anuSThAna karane se hotA hai / koI bhI sAdhaka bhoga kriyAkA sarvathA nirodha nahIM kara sakatA / uThanA, baiThanA, sambhASaNa karanA Adi jIvanake liye anivArya haiN| ataeva vivekapUrvaka pravRtti karanese saMvara hotA hai| vastutaH AtmasurakSAkA nAma saMdara hai| jina dvAroMse karmo kA Asrava hotA hai, una dvAroMkA nirodha kara denA saMvara kahalAtA hai / Asava yogase hotA hai / ataeva yogakI nivRtti hI saMvara hai / zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye AhArAdikA grahaNa karanA banivAyaM rahatA hai, para ina pravRttiyoM para vivekakA niyaMtraNa rahatA hai / saMcarake chaH hetu haiM: (1) gupti - akuzala pravRttiyoMse rakSA / (2) samiti - samyak pravRtti | (3) dharma - AtmasvarUpa pariNati / (4) anuprekSA - Atma-cintana / (5) parISahjaya-svecchyA kSudhA, tRSA Adiko vedanAkA sahanA / (6) cAritra - samatAbhAvakI ArAdhanA | vastutaH navIna karmoMkA AtmAmeM na AnA hI saMvara hai / yadi navIna karmokA Agamana sarvadA jIvameM hotA rahe, to kabhI bhI karma-bandhanase chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA hai / mirA nirjarAkA artha hai jarjarita kara denA yA jhAr3a denA / baddha karmoMko naSTa kara denA yA pRthak kara denA nirjarAtasya hai| nirjarA do prakArakI hotI hai:(1) opakramika yA avipAka nirjarA gaura (2) anopakramika yA savipAka nirjarA / sIkara mahAvIra aura unakI dekhanA : 377

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tapa Adi sAdhanAoMke dvArA koko balAt udayameM lAkara binA phala diye hI jhar3A denA avipAka nirjarA hai | svAbhAvika kramase pratisamaya kokA phala dekara jhar3ate jAnA savipAka nirjarA hai| yaha nirjarA pratyeka prAmIko pratikSaNa hotI rahatI hai| isameM purAne vamoMkA sthAna navIna karma lete jAte haiM / gupti, samitti aura taparUpI agnise karmoko phala deneke pahale hI bhasma kara denA avipAka nirjarA hai / yaha mithyA dhAraNA hai ki kokI gati Tala nahIM sakatI / purAne saMskAra ho karma haiN| yadi AtmAmeM puruSArtha hai, tapa-sAdhanA hai, to kSaNamAtrameM purAtana vAsanAeM kSINa ho sakatI haiN| vivaza hokara, hAya-hAya karate hue kokA phala bhoganA aura unheM nirita karanA to eka sAdhAraNa sI rAta hai / ajita karma-saMskAra icchApUrvaka samabhAvase kaSTa sahane evaM tapAcaraNa karane Adise hI naSTa hote haiM / ata: navIna koMke bandhako rokanA aura saMcita kokI nirjarA karanA jIvakA puruSArtha hai| mokSa karma-bandhanoMse chuTakArA prApta karanA mokSa hai| yahAM karmoke nAzakA artha itanA hI hai ki karmapudgala jIvase bhinna ho jAte haiN| kAmaMNavargaNAeM yAtmAne sAtha saMgula hone kA mAtra ke dukA ghAta karanese kamaMtvaparyAyako dhAraNa karatI haiM aura mokSameM yaha karmaparyAya naSTa ho jAtI hai / arthAt karmabandhanase chUTakara zuddha evaM siddha ho jAtI hai, usI taraha karmapudgala bhI apanI karmasvaparyAyase usa samaya mukta ho jAte haiN| ataH bAramA aura kamapudgalakA sambandha chUTa jAnA hI mokSa hai| mokSameM donoM dravya apane nija svarUpameM sthita ho jAte haiN| na to AtmA dopakako taraha bujha jAtI hai aura na karma-pudgalakA hI sarvathA samUla nAza hotA hai| donoMko paryAyAntara ho jAtI hai| jIva zuddha dazAko prApta ho jAtA hai aura pUgala mI yathAsambhava zuddha yA azuddha sthitiko prApta hotA hai| ___ ina sapta tatvoMke svarUpa vivecanake anantara karma-siddhAnta yA jIva aura karmake sambandhapara vicAra karanA paramAzyaka hai| sAdhAraNataH karmake do rUpa haiM:-(1) karma aura (2) nokama / zarIra, parivAra, dhana, sampatti bAdi saba nokamaM haiN| ina nokoke bhI do prakAra batalAye gaye haiM:-baddha nokarma aura avaddha nokarma | baddhakA artha hai baMdhA haA aura abaDhakA barSa hai nahIM baMdhA huaa| saMsAradazAmeM jahA~ zarIra hai, vahA~ yAtmA hai aura jahAM bAtmA hai, vahAM zarIra hai| donoM dUdha aura pAnIkI taraha eka dUsarese baMdhe hue haiN| yadyapi ina donoMkA svarUpa mAra sattA pathak-pRthak hai, para anAdi kAlase zarIrameM 378. : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA ---- = - - - - - -

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AmAkA nivAsa rahA hai| eka zarIra chor3A to dUsarA prApta ho gayA, dUsarA chor3A to tIsarA prApta ho gyaa| eka zarIrako tyAgakara dUsare zarIrakI ora jAte samaya vipane tejasa ko kAryaSTa zarIra sAtha rahate haiM / saMsArI AtmA ke aisA eka bhI kSaNa nahIM hai, jaba vaha binA kisI bhI prakArake zarIrake saMsArAvasthA meM sthita rahI ho / ataH zarIra AtmA ke sAtha baddha noka hai / abaddha nokarmI ke antargata dhana, bhavana, parivAra, strI-putrAdi sadA sAtha to rahate haiM, para ve sampRkta nahIM haiN| ataeva AtmA aura karmake bandhakA, karmaphalakA evaM karma-bandhanase chUTanekA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai / karmasvarUpa AtmA anAdi kAlase karmabaddha hai / yaha sthUla zarIra aura sUkSma karma - zarIrase sambaddha haiM / isake jJAna, darzana, sukha, vorya Adi guNa bandhake kAraNa vikRta ho rahe haiM / jova aura pudgalakA bandha anAdise hai aura yaha jIvake rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoke kAraNa hotA hai / yaha kevala saMskAramAtra nahIM hai / kintu vastubhUta padArtha hai / isa vizvameM pudgalako teIsa vargaNAe~ vyApta haiM / ina vargaNAoM meM eka kArmaNa vargaNA bhI haiM, jo sarvatra vidyamAna hai / yaha kArmaNavargaNA hI rAga-dveSase yukta jIvako pratyeka mAnasika, vAcanika aura kAyikakriyA ke sAtha eka dravyake rUpameM jIvameM AtI hai, jo usake rAga-dveSarUpa bhAvoMkA nimitta pAkara jIvase ba~dha jAtI hai aura samaya Anepara zubha aura azubha phala detI hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki jaba rAga-dveSase yukta AtmA acche yA bure kAmoM meM pravRtta hotI hai, taba karmarUpI raja jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpase usameM praveza karatA hai / ' ataH spaSTa hai ki karma eka mUrta padArtha hai, jo jIvakI rAga-dveSamoharUpa pariNatike kAraNa bandhako prApta hotA hai / kamaMkI paudgalikatA karma na saMskArarUpa hai, na vAsanArUpa ho / yaha to paudgalika hai / yaha jIvAtmAke AcaraNa, pAratantrya aura duHkhoMkA hetu hai, guNoMkA vighAtaka hai / ataeva yaha AtmAkA guNa nahIM ho sakatA / jisa prakAra ber3Ise manuSya baMdhatA haiM, surApAnase pAgala banatA hai aura klorophaoNrmase besudha hotA hai| ye saba 1. pariNamadi jadA appA suhamhi asuhamhi rAgadosajudo / vaM pavisadi kammarayaM mAgAvaraNAdimAha // - pravacanasAra, saMyatattvajJApanA, bhASA 187 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI benA : 379

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podgalika vastue~ haiN| usI prakAra karmake saMyogase bhI AtmAko viminna avasthAe~ prakaTa hotI haiN| ataeva yaha bhI yodgalika hai| ber3I Adi bandhana Aja bAharo bandhana hai aura alpa sAmarthya vAle haiN| karma AsmAke sAtha cipake hue tathA adhika sAmayaM vAle sUkSma skandha haiN| ataeva unakI apekSA karmaparamANuoMkA jIvAtmApara gaharA aura Antarika prabhAva par3atA hai| zarIra paudgalika hai| usakA kAraNa karma hai| ataH karma paudgalika hai / podgalika kAkA sampAmo kAraNa pAlaka hogA / AhAra Adi anukUla sAmagrIse sukhAnubhUti aura zastra prahArAdise duHkhAnubhUti hotI hai / AhAra aura zastra paudla ka haiM, isI prakAra sukha-duHkhake hetubhUta karma bhI paudagalika haiN| bandhako apekSA jIva aura pudgala abhinna haiM, ekameka hai| lakSaNako apekSA ve bhinna haiN| jIva cetana hai aura pudgala acetn| jIva amUrta hai aura pudgala muurt| indriyoMke viSaya sparzAdi marta hai aura ina viSayoMko bhogane bAlI indriyA~ bhI mUrta haiM / ataH unase honevAlA sukha-duHkha bhI mUrta haiN| isa prakAra kama paudgalika siddha hote haiN| mAtmA aura karmakA sambandha AtmA amUrta hai, taba usakA mUrta karmase kaise sambandha ho sakatA hai ? yataH mUrtikake sAtha mUrtikakA bandha to sambhava hai, para amUrtikake sAtha mUrtikakA bandha kaise ho sakegA ? anAdi kAlase karmabaddha vikArI AtmA hI dikhalAI par3atI hai / ye AtmAeM kathaMcid mUrta haiM, kyoMki svarUpataH amUrta hote hue bhI saMsAradazAmeM mUrta haiN| jIva do prakArake haiM:-rUpI aura arUpI | mukta jIva arUpI haiM aura saMsArI rUpI / jo AtmA zuddha ho jAtI hai, vaha phira karmabandhanameM nahIM par3atI hai / jIva aura karmakA anAdi sambandha hai / yataH jo jIva saMsArameM sthita hai-janma-maraNako dhArAmeM par3A huA hai, usake rAgarUpa aura dveSarUpa pariNAma hote haiN| ina pariNAmoMse naye karma baMdhate haiN| karmoM se gatiyoMmeM janma lenA par3atA hai / janma lenese zarIra prApta hotA hai. zarIrameM indriyA~ hotI haiM, indriyoMse viSayoMkA grahaNa hotA hai, viSayoMko grahaNa karanese iSTa vastuoMmeM rAga aura aniSTa vastuoMse dveSa hotA hai| isa prakAra saMsArarUpI cakrameM par3e hue jIvake bhAvoMse karmabandha aura karma bandhase rAga-dveSarUpa bhAva hote haiN| yaha saMsAracakra abhavya jIvakI apekSAse anAdi ananta hai aura bhavya jIvakI apekSAse anAdi-sAnta hai|' 1. jo khalu saMsAratyo jIvo tatto du hobi pariphAmo / parigAmAdo kamma kammAyo hovi mavisu gadI // 380 : sIkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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sArAMza yaha hai ki yaha vAtmA manAdise azuddha hai aura prayoga dvArA zuddha ho sakatI hai| kama eka bhautika piNDa hai, yaha viziSTa zaktikA srota hai / jaba yaha bAramAse sambaddha hotA hai, to usakI sUkSma aura totra zaktike anusAra bAhya padArtha bhI prabhAvita hote haiM tathA prApta sAmagrIke anusAra usa saMcita karmakA tIva, manda aura madhyama Adi phala milatA hai| isa prakAra yaha karmacakra anAdikAlase cala rahA hai aura taba taka calatA rahegA, jaba taka bandhaphAraka mUla rAgAdi vAsanAoMkA vinAza nahIM hogaa| ___ vyavahArako apekSA yaha jIva mUttika hai tathA rAga-dveSAdivAsanAeM aura pudgalakarmabandhako dhArA bIja-vRkSAsantatikI taraha anAdise cAlU hai| pUrva saMcita kamake udayase rAga-dveSAdi utpanna hote haiM aura tatkAla meM jo jIvakI Asakti yA lagana hotI hai, vaha nUtana karmabandha karAtI hai| samAna kSetrameM rahanevAle jIvake vikArI pariNAmako nimittamAtra karake kAmaNavargaNAeM svayameva apanI antaraMga zaktike kAraNa karmarUpameM pariNamita ho jAtI haiN| lokameM jIva aura karmabandhake yogya pudgalavargaNAeM sarvatra haiM, jIvake jaise pariNAma hote haiM, usI prakArakA karmabandha hotA hai| ataeva anAdisantatirUpa pravatrtamAna dehAntararUpa parivartanakA Azraya lekara zarIrakA nirmANa hotA hai aura isase kamakA bandha hotA hai| karmaka mUlameva karmake do bheda haiM:-(1) dravyakarma aura (2) bhAyakarma / jIvase sambaddha karmapudgaloMko dravyakama kahate haiM aura dravyakarmake prabhAvase honevAle jIvake rAgadveSarUpa bhAvoMko bhAvakarma kahate haiN| dravyakarma aura bhAvakarmameM kAraNa-kAryakA sambandha hai; vyakama kAraNa hai aura bhAvakarma kArya | na binA dravyakamake bhAva adipiMgavassa beho behAko indhimAgi jAyate / dehi du visamagahagaM tatto rAmo vA doso vA // pAyadi bIvassevaM bhAvo saMsAramakavAlammi / idi jigavarahi bhagido agAdigiyano sabhiSaNo vaa|| -paMpAstikAya pApA, 128-110. 1. kammaraNapAogyA saMSA jIvassa paricaI pappA / macchati kammabhAvaM pa hi te koNa pariNAmiyA // -pravacanasAra gA0 199. vIkara mahApaura aura unakI vezanA : 381

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:- - - pharma hote haiM aura na vinA bhAvakamake dravyakarma hii| ina donoMmeM bIja-vRkSa santatike samAna kArya-kAraNabhAva sambandha vidyamAna hai| dravyakarma paudgalika hai aura bhAbakarma AtmAke caitanyapariNAmAtmaka haiM; kyoMki AtmAse kathaMcit abhinnarUpase svavedya pratIta hote haiM aura ve krodhAdi rUpa haiN|' vastuta: karmaparamANuoMko AtmA taka lAnekA kArya jIvako yogazakti aura usake sAtha unakA bandha karAnekA kArya kaSAya-jIvake rAga-dveSarUpa bhAva karate haiM / jIyako parispandanarUpa yogazakti aura rAgadveSarUpa kaSAya bandhakA kAraNa hai| karAyake naSTa ho jAnepara yogake rahane taka jIvameM karmaparamANuoMkA Asrava-Agamana to hotA hai, para phaSAyake na hone ke kAraNa ve Thahara nahIM sakate / udAraNArtha yogako vAyu, kaSAyako goMda, AtmAko dovAla aura karmaparamANuoMko dhUlakI upamA dI jA sakatI hai| yadi dIvAla para goMda lagI ho to vAyuke dvArA ur3akara AnevAlI dhUla dIvAlase cipaka jAtI hai, para dIvAla svaccha, cikanI aura sUkhI ho, to dhala dIvAlapara nahIM cipakatI, balki turanta jhar3a jAtI hai| dhUlakA ho / adhika meM ur3akara bAgA kAke yamapara nirbhara hai / vAyu teja hogI, to dhUla bhI adhika parimANameM ur3egI aura vAyu manda hogI, to dhUla kama parimANameM udd'egii| dhUlakA kama yA adhika samaya taka cipakA rahanA goMda yA ArdratAkI mAtrA para nirbhara karatA hai| jitanI adhika cikanI cIja dIvAlapara rahegI, ghala usI cikanAhaTa kI mAtrAke anusAra kama yA adhika samaya taka rahegI / ataeva saMkSepameM yoga aura kaSAya hI bandhaka kAraNa haiN| bandhake bheda bandhake cAra prakAra haiM:-(1) prakRtibandha (2) pradezabandha (3) sthitibandha aura (4) anubhAgabandha / inameM prakRtibandha aura pradezabandhakA hetu yoga hai tathA sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandhakA hetu kaSAya hai / ina donoM kAraNoMse ho karmakA bandha hotA hai aura abhAbameM nhiiN| bandha kama aura AtmAke eka kSetrAbagAhI sambandhakA nAma hai / jo AtmA kaSAyavAna hai, vahI karmoko grahaNa kara bA~dhato hai| 1. drampakarmANi jIvasya pudgalAtmAnyanekapA / __ bhAvakarmANi caitanyavivatmiAni bhAnti nuH / / koSAdIni svavedyAni kaciccidabhedataH // -AptArokSA, 113-114 / 382 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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prakRti aura parezAnanda prakRtikA artha svabhAva hai / karmakA bandha hote hI usameM jo jJAna aura darzanako rokane, sukha-duHkha dene AdikA svabhAva par3atA hai, vaha prakRtibandha hai / pradezabandhakA artha hai karmaparamANuoM kI gaNanA / eka kAlameM jitane karmaparamANu bandhako prApta hote haiM, unakA vaisA honA hI pradezabandha hai / vastutaH karmaparamANuoM kI saMkhyA kA niyata honA pradezabandha hai / sthiti aura banubhAgabandha sthitikA artha kAlamaryAdA hai| pratyeka karmakA bandha hote hI usakA sambandha AtmAse kaba taka rahegA, yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra karmabandhake samaya usako kAlamaryAdAkA nizcita honA sthitibandha hai / anubhAgakA artha phaladAnazakti hai, jo karmabandhake samaya hI par3ha jAtI hai / isa zaktikA sthita ho jAnA hI anubhAgabandha hai / karmoMmeM vibhinna prakArake svabhAvakA par3anA aura unakI saMkhyAkA honAdhika. honA yogapara nirbhara hai tathA jIvake sAtha kama yA adhika samaya taka sthita rahane kI zaktikA par3anA aura tIvra, yA bhanda phaladAna zaktikA sthira honA kaSAyapara nirbhara hai / prakRtivandha meva vIra svarUpa AtmAkI yogyatA aura antaraMga-bahiraMga nimitoMke anusAra nAnA prakArake pariNAma hote haiM / ina pariNAmoMse hI baMdhanevAle karmo ke svabhAvakA nirmANa hotA hai / yoM to baMdhanevAle kamoMke svabhAvoMkA vibhAga kiyA jAya to aneka prakArakA ho sakatA hai, para sAmAnyata. vividha svabhAvavAle karmoMko ATha bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura isase prakRtibandhake mUla ATha meda prApta hote haiM: (1) jJAnAvaraNa - AtmAkI bAhya padArthoMko jAnanekI zakti ke AvaraNa karanemeM nimitta / (2) darzanAvaraNa - AtmAkI svayaMko sAkSAtkAra karanekI zakti ke AvaraNa karanemeM nimitta / (3) vedanIya-bAhya bArumbanapUrvaka sukha-duHkhake vedana karAne meM nimitta / (4) mohanIya - rAga, dveSa aura midhyAtvake hone meM nimitta ! (5) Ayu -- AtmAkI nara-narakAdi paryAya dhAraNa karAnemeM nimitta | (6) nAma - jIvakI gati, jAti Adi pudgalako zarIra Adi vividha jayasvAoMke hone meM nimitta / sIkara mahAvIra mora unakI dezanA : 383

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(7) gotra - AtmAke UMca aura nIca bhAva hone meM nimitta / (8) antarAya - AtmAke dAnAdirUpa bhAvoMke na honemeM nimitta / prakRtibandhake ye ATha bheda ghAtikarma aura adhAtikarma ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ke cAra ghAtikarma kahalAte haiM aura vedanIya, Ayu, nAma evaM gotra ye cAra aghAtikarma kahalAte haiM / AtmAmeM anujIvI aura pratijIvI do prakArakI zaktiyA~ haiM / jo zaktiyA~ yA guNa bhAva svarUpa haiM, ve anujIvI kahI jAtI hai aura jo zaktiyA~ abhAva svarUpa haiM, ve pratijIvI mAnI jAtI haiN| ina donoM prakArake guNoMmeMse jinase anujIvI guNoMkA ghAta hotA hai, ve ghAtikarma haiM aura pratijIvI guNoMkA ghAta karanevAle aghAti karma haiM / yahA~ yaha vyAtavya hai ki vedanIya karma sukha-duHkhakA vedana karAne meM nimitta hai, para yaha mohanIyase milakara hI sukha-duHkhakA vedana karAtA hai / I AgamameM ghAtikarmo ke bhI do bheda batalAye hai - (1) sarvaghAti aura dezaghAti / jo karma jIvake svAbhAvika - anujIvI guNoMkA pUrNatayA ghAta karate haiM, ve sarvadhAti aura jo unakA eka deza ghAta karate haiM, ve dezaghAti kahalAte haiM / karmaprakRtiyoMke uttara bheva (1) jJAnAvaraNa ke pAMca meda haiM- (1) matijJAnAvaraNa (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa ( 3 ) avadhijJAnAvaraNa (4) mana:paryayajJAnAvaraNa (5) kevalajJAnAvaraNa | (2) darzanAvaraNake nau bheda haiM- (1) cakSudarzanAvaraNa (2) acakSudarzanAvaraNa (3) avadhidarzanAvaraNa (4) kevaladarzanAvaraNa (5) nidrA (6) nidrAnidrA (7) pracalA (8) pracalApracalA aura ( 9 ) styAnagRddhi / (3) vedanIyake do bheda haiM- (1) sAtAvedanIya aura (2) asAtAvedanIya | (4) mohanIya aTThAIsa bheda haiM- ( 1 ) samyaktya, (2) mithyAtva (3) mizra, (4) anastAnubandhI krodha, (5) anantAnubandhI mAna, (6) anantAnubandhI mAyA, (7) anantAnubandhI lobha, (8) apratyAkhyAna krodha, (9) apratyAkhyAna mAna, (10) apratyAkhyAna mAyA, (11) apratyAkhyAna lobha, (12) pratyAkhyAna krodha, (13) pratyAkhyAna mAna, (14) pratyAkhyAna mAyA, (15) pratyAkhyAna lobha, (16) saMjvalana krodha, (17) saMjvalana mAna, (18) saMJcalana mAyA, (19) saMjvalana lobha, (20) hAsya, (21) rati, (22) arati, (23) zoka, (24) bhaya, (25) jugupsA, 384 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA 1 T i 1 +

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(26) strIveda, (27) puveda aura (28) napuMsakaveda / ina aTThAIsa prakRtiyoMko mUlataHcAra voMmeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai:1)darzanamohanIya, (2) cAritramohanIya, (3) kaSAyamohanIya aura (4) akaSAyamohanIya / 5. bhAga-thAyukarmale. nAra mena haiM:-1 barakAra, 12) siyaMcAyu, (3) manuSyAyu, (4) devAyu / 6. nAmakarma-abhedApekSayA isake bayAlIsa bheda haiM aura bhedApekSayA tirAnave | bayAlIsa bhedoMkI gaNanA isa prakAra hai:-(1) gati, (2) jAti, (3) zarIra, (4) AMgopAMga, (5) nirmANa, (6) bandhana (7) saMghAta, (8) saMsthAna, (9) saMhanana, (10) sparza, (11) rasa, (12) gandha, (13) varNa, (14) AnupUrvI, (15) agarulaghu, (16) upaghAta, (17) paraghAta, (18) Atapa, (12) udyota, (20) ucchavAsa, (21) vihAyogati, (22) sAdhAraNa zarIra, (23) pratyekazarIra, (24) sthAvara, (25) asa, (26) durbhaga, (27) subhaga, (28) duHsvara, (22) susvara, (30) azubha, (31) zubha, (32) vAdara, (33) sUkSma, (34) aparyApta, (35) paryApta, (36) asthira, (37) sthira, (38) AnAdeya, (39) Adeya, (40) ayazaHkoti, (41) yazaHIti, (42) tIrthakaratva / 7. gotrakarmake do bheda haiM:-1) ucca gotra, (2) nIca gotra / 8. antarAya-antarAya karmake pAMca bheda haiM:-1) dAna-antarAyaH, (2) lAbha antarAya, (3} bhoga-antarAya, (4) upabhoga-antarAya aura (5) viiry-antraay| zAnAvaraNakarma matimAna, zrutajJAna Adi jJAnoMko AvRtta karatA hai / jisa prakAra jalate hue vidyuta balbake Upara vastra DAla dene se usakA prakAza AvRta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNakarma jJAnako mAcchAdita karatA hai| isa karmakA jitanA kSayopazama yA kSaya hotA jAtA hai, usI rUpameM jJAna bhI prAdurbhUta hotA hai| darzanAvaraNake nava bhedoMmeM cAra bheda to cAroM darzanoMke AvaraNameM nimittabhUta haiN| zeSa nidrAdika pAMca bheda haiN| jisa karmakA lakSya aisI nIMdameM nimitta ho, jisase veda aura parizramajanya thakAvaTa dara ho jAtI hai, vaha nidrAdarzanAvarNa karma hai| jisa karmakA udaya aisI gAdI noMdameM nimitta hai, jisase jAganA atyanta duSkara ho jAya, uThAne para bhI na uThe, vaha nidrA-nidrAdarzanAvaNakarma hai| jisa karmakA udaya aisI nIMdameM nimitta ho, jisase baiThe-baiThe hI nIMda A jAya, hAtha-paira aura sira dhUmane lage, vaha pracalAdarzanAvaraNa karma hai / jisa karmakA udaya aisI nIMdameM nimitta ho, jisase khar3e-khar3e, calate-calate yA baiThe-baiThe tIrthakara mahAbIra aura unakI dezanA : 385

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punaH punaH nIMda Ave aura hAtha-paira cale tathA sira ghUme vaha pracalA-pracalA darzanAvaraNakarma hai| jisa karmakA udaya aisI nIMdameM nimitta hai, jisase svapnameM adhika zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai aura atyanta gAdI nIMda AtI hai, vaha styAnagadvidarzanAvaraNakarma hai 1 jisa karmakA udaya prANoke sukhake hone meM nimitta hai, vaha sAtAvedanIya aura jisakA udaya prANIke duHkhake hone meM nimitta hai, vaha asAtAvedanIya karma hai| vastutaH karmaprakRtiyoMke do bheda haiM:-(1) jIvavipAkI aura (2) pudgalabipAkI / jinakA phala jIvameM-jina karmoMkA udaya jIvakI vividha abasthAoM aura pariNAmoMke hone meM nimitta hai, ve jIvavipAkI karma hai aura jina karmokA udaya zarIra, vacana aura manarUpa vargaNAoMke sambandhase zarIrAdikarUpa kAyoM ke hone meM nimitta hotA hai, ve pudgala-vipAkI karma haiN| vedanIya karma jIvAvapAko hai / ataH vaha jobagata mukha-duHkhake hone meM nimitta hotA hai / jisakA udaya tattvoMke yathArtha svarUpake zravAna na hone meM nimitta hai, vaha mithyAtvamohanIya karma hai| jisakA udaya tAttvika rucimeM bAdhaka na hokara bhI usameM cala, malina aura agAr3ha doSake utpanna karane meM nimitta hai, vaha samyaktvamohanIyakarma hai / pizramohanIyakarmake udayase jIvake sampakatva aura mithyAtvarUpa pariNAma hote haiN| jisakA udaya hAsyabhAvake hone meM nimitta hai, vaha hAsyakama; jisakA udaya ratirUpa bhAvake honemeM nimitta hai, vaha ratikarma; jisakA udaya aratirUpa pariNAma hone meM nimitta hai, vaha atikama; jisakA udaya zokarUpa pariNAma hone meM nimitta hai, vaha zokakama; jisakA udaya bhayarUpa pariNAmake honemeM nimitta hai, vaha bhayakarma; jisakA udaya pariNAmoMmeM glAni utpanna karanemeM nimitta hai, vaha jugupsA; jisakA udaya apane doSoMko AcchAdita karane evaM strIsulabha bhAvoMke honemeM nimitta hai, vaha strIveda; jisakA udaya uttama guNoMke bhoganerUpa puruSasulabha bhAvoMke honemeM nimitta hai, vaha puruSaveda evaM jisakA udaya strI aura puruSasulabha bhAvoMse vilakSaNa kaluSita pariNAmoMke honemeM nimitta hai, vaha napuMsakavedakarma hai| ___ anantAnubaMdhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhake udayake nimittase samyaksvakI upalabdhi nahIM hotI aura mithyAtvarUpa pariNati hotI hai| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kroSa, mAna, mAyA, lobhake udayake nimittase jIvako dezavata dhAraNa karane meM bAdhA pahuMcatI hai aura pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhake nimittase 386 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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sarva ciratike dhAraNa karanemeM bASA hotI hai| saMjvalana kroSa, mAna, mAyA, lobhakA udaya yathAkhyAtapariNatiko prApta karanemeM bAdhaka hai ! jinakA udaya naraka, siyaMca, manuSya aura devaparyAyameM jIvana vyatIta karanemeM nimitta ho, ve kramazaH narakAyu, tiryaMcAyu, manuSyAyu aura devAyu haiM / jisakA udaya jIvake nArakavAdirUpa bhAvake hone nimitta hai, vaha i nAmakarma hai / isake narakagati, tiyaMcagati, manuSyagati aura devagati ye cAra meda hai| ekendriya dvIndriya, trIndriya Adi jAtiyoMmeM utpanna hone meM nimitta karma jAtikarma kahalAtA hai| odArika Adi zarIroMko prApta karAne meM nimitta zarIranAmakarma hai | zarIrake aMga aura upAMgoM ke hone meM nimitta AMgopAMga nAmakarma hai| jisa karmakA udaya zarIrake liye prApta hue pudgaloMkA paraspara bandhana karAne meM nimitta hai, vaha bandhana nAmakarma hai / saMghAta nAmakarmake udayase prApta hue pudgaloMkA bandhana chidrarahita hokara eka-sA ho jAtA hai / jisa nAmakarmakA udaya zarIrakI AkRti bananemeM nimitta hai, vaha saMsthAnanAmakarma hai / saMsthAnanAmakarmake kAraNa hI zarIra samacatusra, choTA, bar3A, kubar3A, lambA, bInA Adi hotA hai| saMhanananAmakarmake udayase hAr3a aura saMdhiyoMkA bandha hotA hai / isa karmake nimitta se ho zarIrakI haDDiyA~ majabUta, dRr3ha, komala, kaThora aura kamajora hotI haiN| zarIragata zIta Adi ATha sparza, tikta Adi pA~ca rasa, surabhi Adi do gaMdha aura zveta Adi pA~ca varNake honemeM nimittabhUta karma anukramase sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNaM nAmakarma kahalAte haiM / jisa karmakA udaya vigrahagatimeM jIvakA AkAra pUrvavat banAye rakhane meM nimitta hai, vaha AnupUrvI nAmakarma hai| prazasta aura aprazasta gatikA nimittabhRta karma vihAyogatinAmakarma hai / agurulaghunAmakarmake nimittase zarIra na to bhArI hotA hai aura na halkA hotA hai / jisa karmakA udaya zarIrake apane hI avayavoMse apanA ghAta hone meM nimitta hai, vaha upaghAta nAmakarma hai| paraghAta nAmakarmake udayake nimittase dUsaroMkA ghAta karanevAle aMga nirmita hote haiM / jisa nAmakarmakA udaya jIvako zvAsocchvAsa lenemeM nimitta hai, vaha ucchvAsanAmakarma hai / Atapa nAmakarmake nimittase zarIra meM prakAza - teja utpanna hotA hai / udyota nAmakarmake udayase zarIrameM zIta prakAza - udyota utpanna hotA hai / nirmANa nAmakarmodaya ke nimittase zarIra ke aMgopAMga yathAsthAna hote haiM / jisa nAmakarmakA udaya jIvake tIrthaMkara honemeM nimitta hai, vaha tIrthaMkaratva nAmakarma kahalAtA hai / erries nimittase asaparyAya sthAvaranAmakamadayakaM nimitta tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 387 3

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se sthAvaraparyAya vAdaranAmakarmodayake nimittase bAdaraparyAya aura sUkSmanAmakarmodayake nimittase sUkSmaparyAyakI prApti hotI hai| jinakA nivAsa AdhArake binA nahIM pAyA jAtA, ve bAdara jova hai aura jinheM AdhAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI, ve sUkSma hai / paryApta nAmakarmake udayake nimitta se prANI apane-apane yogya paryAptiyoM ko pUrNa karate haiM / aparyAsanAmakarmake udayase apane- apane ghogya paryAptiyoMko pUrNa nahIM karate haiN| pratyekanAmakarmodayake nimittase pratyekajIvakA zarIra prApta hotA hai aura jisakA udaya ananta jIvoM ko eka sAdhAraNa zarIra prApta karAne meM nimitta hai, vaha sAdhAraNa nAmakarma hai / sthiranAmakarmodaya ke nimittase zarIrake rasa, rudhira, medA, majjA, asthi, mAMsa aura vIrya sthira hote haiM aura jisakA udaya inake kramase pariNamanameM nimitta hai, vaha asthira nAmaka hai / zubhanAmakarmodaya ke nimittase aMgopAMga prazasta aura azubhanAmakarmodayake nimittase aMgopAMga aprazasta hote haiM / strI aura puruSoMke nimti zubha karma hai, aura durbhAgya nimitta dubhaMga nAmakarma hai / susvara nAmakarmodaya nimittase bura svara, duHsvara nAma karmodayake nimittase kaTu svara, Adeya nAmakarmodayake nimittase 'bahumAnya aura anAdeya nAmakarmake udayase amAnya hotA hai / yazaHkIti nAmakarmodayake nimittase guNaprakAzanarUpa yazakI prApti aura ayaza zaH kIrti nAmakarmodayake nimittase apayazakI prApti hotI hai / jisa karmakA udaya uccagotrake prApta karane meM nimitta hai, vaha uccagotra aura jisakA udaya nIcagAMtrake prApta karanemeM nimitta hai, vaha nocagotra hai / gotra, kula, vaMza aura saMtAna ekArthavAcaka zabda hai / gotrakA AdhAra cAritra hai / jo prANo apane vartamAna jIvanameM cAritrako svIkAra karatA hai aura jisakA sambandha bhI aise hI logoMse hotA hai, vaha uccagotrIya hai, aura isake viparIta nocagotrIya haiM / dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIryaM antarAyake udaya ke nimittase dAna karane, lAbha hone, bhogarUpa pariNAmoMke hone, upabhogarUpa pariNAmoM ke hone evaM AtmavIryake prakaTa honemeM bAdhA AtI hai / karmoko sthiti mohanIya karmakI utkRSTa sthiti sattara kor3A- kor3I sAgaropama hai / nAma aura gotrako utkRSTa sthiti bIsa kor3A kor3I sAgaropama hai| AyukarmakI utkRSTa sthiti taiMtosa sAgaropama hai / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya aura 388 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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antarAya ina cAra karmoko utkRSTa sthiti tIsa kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama hai| vedanIya karmako jaghanya sthiti bAraha muhUrta hai / nAma aura gotrakI anya sthiti ATha muhUrta hai aura zeSa karmoM kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta hai| anubhAga baMdha karmoM meM vividha prakArake phala denekI zaktikA par3anA hI anubhAga hai / jisa karmakA jaisA nAma hai, usIke anusAra phala prApta hotA hai aura phala prApta ho jAne ke pazcAt karmakI nirjarA ho jAtI hai| karmabandhake samaya jisa jIvake kaSAyakI jaisI tIvratA yA mandasA rahatI hai aura draSya, kSetra, kAla, bhava bora bhAvarUpa jaisA nimitta milatA hai, usIke anusAra karmameM phala denekI zakti AtI hai / karmale ke samaya yadi zubha pariNAma hote haiM, to puNyaprakRtiyoMmeM prakRSTa aura pApaprakRttiyoMmeM nikRSTa phaladAnazakti prApta hoto hai| yadi karmabaMdhake samaya azubha pariNAmoMko tIvattA hotI hai, to pApaprakRtiyoMmeM prakRSTa aura puNyaprakRtiyoMmeM nikRSTa phaladAnazakti rahatI hai| karmaprakRtiyoMmeM nAmake anusAra hI anubhAga prApta hotA hai| jJAnAvaraNaprakRtimeM jJAnako aura darzanAvaraNameM darzanako AvRta karanekA anubhAga prApta hotA hai| karmaphaladAna-prakriyA kama svayaM hI apanA phala dete haiN| unake phaladAnahetu kisI anya kartA yA nyAyAdhIzakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jisa prakAra madirA pAna karanese usakI mAdaka zakti svayaM apanA prabhAva dikhalAtI hai, isa prabhAvake liye kisI anya zaktiko AvazyakatA nahIM; isI prakAra yaha jIva kokA bandha svayaM karatA hai aura svayaM hI una karmo ke udaya honevAle anubhAga-phaloMko prApta karatA hai / jIbakI pratyeka kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika pravRttike sAtha, jo karmaparamANa jIvAtmAkI ora AkRSTa hote haiM aura rAga-dveSakA nimitta pAkara usa jIvase baMdha jAte haiM, una karmaparamANuoMmeM bhI zubha aura azubha prabhAva DAlanekI zakti rahatI hai| jo caitanyake sambandhase vyakta hokara jIvapara apanA prabhAva DAlate haiM aura usake prabhAvase mugdha haA jIva aise kArya karatA hai, jo sukhadAyaka yA duHkhadAyaka hote haiM / yadi karma karate samaya jIvake bhAva zubha hote haiM, to baMdhanevAle karmaparamANuoMpara bhI acchA prabhAva par3atA hai aura unakA phala bhI acchA hotA hai| gaharAyomeM praveza karane para avagata hotA hai ki kamoM kA bandha AtmAke pariNAmoMke anusAra hotA hai aura unameM jaisA svabhAva aura honAdhika phaladAnazakti par3a jAtI hai tadanusAra kAryake honemeM ve nimitta hote rahate haiM / jIva tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 389

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svayaM hI saMsArI hotA hai aura svayaM hI masta ! rAga-dveSa AdirUpa azaddha aura kevalajJAna AdirUpa zakha jitanI bhI avasthAeM hotI haiM, ve saba jIvako ho hosI haiM, jIvake sivAya abhya dravyameM nahIM pAyI jAtI haiN| zaddhatA aura azuddhatAkA bheda nimittakI apekSAse kiyA jAtA hai| nimitta do prakArake haiM:(1) sAdhAraNa aura (2) vizeSa / sAdhAraNa nimitta sabhI dravyoMmeM samAnarUpase kArya karate haiM aura vizeSa nimitta pratyeka kAryake alaga-alaga hote haiM / yathAghaTaparyAyako utpattimeM kumhAra nimitta hai aura jIvakI azuddha avasthAmeM karmanimitta hai| jaba taka jIvake sAtha kamakA sambandha hai, taba taka rAga-dveSa, moha Adi bhAva utpanna hote haiN| karmake abhAvameM nahIM / ataH saMsArakA mukhya kAraNa kama hai / karma aura saMsArakA anvaya-vyatireka sambandha hai / inakI samavyApti bhI mAnI jA sakatI hai| karmakA bhoga svayaM hI vividha prakArase sampanna hotA hai / ataeva saMkSepameM jIva karma karane meM bhI svatantra hai aura phala bhogane meM bhI / karmaphala dAtA Izvara nAmaka koI zakti nahIM hai| jIvake karmoM meM hI svata: phaladAnazakti vidyamAna hai| yataH manuSyake bure karma usakI buddhipara isa prakArakA saMskAra utpanna karate hai, jisase vaha krodhameM Akara dUsaroMkA ghAta kara DAlatA hai aura isa prakAra usake bare kama use bure mAgaMkI ora hI tabataka liye jAte haiM, jaba-taka vaha udharase sAvadhAna nahIM hotaa| ____ saMkSepameM karmaphalakA niyAmaka Izvara nahIM hai| karmaparamANuoMmeM jovAtmAke sambandhase eka viziSTa pariNAma hotA hai / vaha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava, bhAva Adi udayAnukUla sAmagrIse vipAka-pradarzanameM samartha ho jIvAtmAke saskAroMko vikRta karatA hai, usase unakA phalopabhoga hotA hai| AtmA apane kiyekA apane Apa phala bhogatA hai| karmaparamANu sahakArI yA sacetakakA kArya karate haiN| viSa aura amRta, apathya aura pathya bhojanako kucha bhI nahIM hotA, phira bhI AtmAkA saMyoga prAptakara unakI veso pariNati ho jAtI hai| unakA paripAka hote hI bhojana karanevAleko ipa yA aniSTa phala prApta ho jAtA hai / vastutaH karmaparamANuoMmeM micitra zakti nihita hai aura usake niyamanake vividha prAkRtika niyama bhI vidyamAna haiN| ataeva karmoM kI phaladAnazakti svayaM hI prApta hotI hai| karmoke kAraNa karmoMmeM daza prakArako mukhya avasthAe~ yA kriyAe~ hotI haiM, jinheM karaNa kahate haiN| karaNa daza haiM:-(1) bandha, (2) utkarSaNa, (3) apakarSaNa, (4) sattA, 390 : tIrthakara mahAbIra aura unakI AcArga-paramparA

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(5) udaya, (6) udIraNa, (7) saMkramaNa, (8) upazama, (9) nirghAta ora (10) nikAcanA | bandha karmavagaMNAoMkA Atma-pradezoMse sambaddha honA andha hai / yaha sabase pahalA karaNa hai / usake binA anya koI avasthA sambhava nahIM / bandhake cAra bheda haiM:(1) prakRti, (2) sthiti, (3) anubhAga aura (4) prdesh| jisa karmakA jo svabhAva hai, vaha usakI prakRti hai / yathA jJAnAvaraNakA svabhAva jJAnako AvRta karanA hai / sthiti karmako samaya-maryAdAko kahate haiM / anubhAga phaladAnazaktikA nAma hai / pratyeka karmameM nyUnAdhika phala denekI yogyatA hotI hai / pratisamaya baMdhane - vAle karmaparamANuoM kI parigaNanA pradezabaMdha meM kI jAtI hai| utkarSaNa sthiti aura anubhAgake bar3haneko utkarSaMNa kahate haiM / yaha kiyA baSake samaya ho sambhava hai / jisa karma kI sthiti aura anubhAga bar3hAyA jAtA hai, usakA punaH bandha honepara pichale bandhe hue karmakA navIna bandhake samaya sthiti anubhAga bar3ha sakatA hai| yaha sAdhAraNa niyama hai / apavAda isake aneka haiM / rohin sthiti aura anubhAgake ghaTAnekI apakarSaNa saMjJA hai / kucha apavAdoMko choeet fear bhI karma kI sthiti aura anubhAgako kama kiyA jA sakatA hai / pariNAmoMse yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki karmoMkA sthiti aura anubhAga zubha azubha kama hotA hai tathA azubha pariNAmoMse zubha karmoMkA sthiti aura anubhAga kama hotA hai| karmabandhake pazcAt do kriyAeM hotI haiM:- azubha karmokA bandha karaneke pazcAt yadi jIva zubha karma karatA hai, to usake pahale bandhe hue azubha karmokI sthiti aura phaladAnazakti zubha bhAvoMke prabhAvase ghaTa jAtI hai| azubha karmoMkA bandha karaneke pazcAt yadi jIvake bhAva aura adhika kaluSita ho jAte haiM, aura vaha bhI adhika azubha kArya karane lagatA hai, to azubha bhAvoMkA prabhAva prAptakara prathama bAnche hue karmokI sthiti aura phaladAnazakti aura bhI adhika bar3ha jAtI hai / isa utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNake kAraNa hI koI karma zIghra phala detA hai aura koI vilambase / kisI karmakA phala tIvra hotA hai aura kisIkA manda | tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA 391

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sattA bandhaneke bAda karma tatkAla phala nahIM detA / kucha samaya bAda usakA phala prApta hotA hai| jabataka vaha apanA kAma nahIM karatA, tabataka usakI vaha avasthA sattAke nAmase abhihita kI jAtI hai| jisa prakAra madirApAna karanepara turanta usakA prabhAva dikhalAyI nahIM par3atA, kucha samayake pazcAt hI vaha apanA nazA dikhalAtA hai / isI prakAra karma bhI bandhane ke bAda kucha samaya taka sattAmeM rahatA hai| isa kAlako AbAdhA kAla kahate haiN| sadhAraNatayA karmakA dhAbAdhAkAla usakI sthitike anusAra hotA hai | jisa karmakI jitanI sthiti rahatI hai, usakA AbAdhAkAla bhI utanA hI adhika hotA hai| eka koDA-kor3I sAgarakI sthitimeM sau varSakA AvAdhAkAla hotA hai| arthAt, yadi kisI karmako sthiti eka kor3A-kor3I sAgara ho, to vaha karma sau varSake pazcAt phala denA Arambha karatA hai aura tabataka phala detA rahatA hai, jabataka usakI sthiti pUrI nahIM ho jAtI / Ayu kamaMkA bAdhAkAla usako sthitipara nirbhara nahIM hai| ukya pratyeka karmakA phala-kAla nizcita rahatA hai / isake prApta honepara karmake phala denerUpa avasthAko udayasaMjJA hai / phala dene ke pazcAt usa karmakI nirjarA ho jAtI hai| yaha udaya do prakArakA hai:-(1) phalodaya aura (2) pradezodaya / jaba karma apanA phala dekara naSTa hotA hai, taba vaha phalodaya kahA jAtA hai aura jaba karma binA phala diye hI naSTa hotA hai, to use pradezodaya kahate haiN| udoraNA phalakAlake pahale phala dene rUpa avasthAko udIraNA saMjJA hai| kucha apavAdoMko chor3akara sAdhAraNataH karmo ke jadaya aura udIraNAvasthA sarvadA hotI rahatI hai| udIraNAmeM niyata samayase pahale karmakA bipAka ho jAtA hai| udIraNAke liye apakarSaNa karaNa dvArA karmako sthitiko kama kara diyA jAtA hai aura rthAitake ghaTa jAnepara karma niyata samayase pahale udayameM A jAtA hai| jisaprakAra Amra Adi phaloMko jaldI pakAneke hetu per3ase tor3akara pAlameM rakha dete haiM, jisase ve Ama jaldI hI paka jAte haiN| isI prakAra udayameM Aneke pahale karmo kI udIraNA kara denA udIraNA karaNa hai| saMkramaNa eka karmakA dUsare sajAtIya karmarUpa ho jAneko saMkramaNa karaNa kahate haiN| yaha saMkramaNa mUla prakRtiyoMmeM nahIM hotaa| uttara prakRtiyoMmeM hI hotA hai| Ayu 392 : toryakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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karmake avAntara bhedoMmeM bhI paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA aura na darzanamohanIya kA cAritramohanIyarUpase athavA cAritramAnoyakA darzanamAhRnauyarUpase saMkramaNa hotA hai / eka karmakA avAntara bheda apane jAtIya anya bheda rUpa ho sakatA hai / jaise vedanIya karmake do bhedoMmeMse sAtAvedanIya asAtAvedanIyarUpa ho sakatA hai aura asAtAvedanIya sAtAvedanIyarUpa ho sakatA hai| upazAnta karmako vaha avasthA, jo udArapAkai ayogya hotI hai, upazAnta kahalAtI hai / upazAnta avasthAko prApta karmakA utkarSaNa - apakarSaNa aura saMkramaNa ho sakatA hai, kintu usakI udIraNA nahIM hotI / vastutaH karmako udayameM A sakane ke ayogya kara denA upazama karaNa hai / niSatta karmakI vaha avasthA, jo udIraNA aura saMkramaNa ina donoMke ayogya hotI hai, nitti kahalAtI hai / nidhatti avasthAko prApta karmakA utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa ho sakatA hai, kintu isakA udIraNA aura saMkramaNa nahIM hotA / yathArthataH karmakA saMkramaNa aura udaya na ho sakanA nirvAta hai / nikAcanA karmako vaha avasthA, jo utkaNa, apakarSaNa, udIraNA aura saMkramaNa ina cArake ayogya hai, nikAcanA kahalAtI hai| isakA svamukhena yA paramukhena udaya hotA hai / karmakI ina vibhinna dazAoMke atirikta usake svAmI, sthiti, udaya, satva, kSaya Adiko bhI isI prakAra avagata karanA cAhiye / punarjanma pUrva zarIrakA tyAga kara naye zarIrakA grahaNa karanA janma hai / jaba jovakI bhujyamAna Ayu samApta ho jAtI hai, to vaha naye bhavako dhAraNa karatA hai / sthUla zarIrake naSTa honepara bhI AtmAkA vinAza nahIM hotA hai, yaha zAzvatika hai aura apane jJAna darzanAdi guNase yukta hai| AtmA anvayI hai, pUrva janma aura uttara janma donoM usakI avasthAeM haiM, AtmA donoMmeM eka rUpameM nivAsa karatI hai / ataeva mRtyu kevala paryAyakA vinAza hai, dravya - AsmAkA nahIM / jisa prakAra vastrake jINaM ho jAnepara nayA vastra dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA 393

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purAtana zarIrako chor3akara mRtyuke anantara nayA zarIra AtmA dhAraNa karatI hai| karmasiddhAntake anusAra yaha janma-maraNakI paramparA anAdikAlase calo A rahI hai| vastutaH prANoke zarIra chor3anepara usake jIvanabharake vicAra, vacana-vyavahAra aura anya prakArake saMskAra bAtmApara aura AtmAse cirasaMyukta kAmaMNa-zarIrapara par3ate haiM aura ina saMskAroMke kAraNa hI sUkSma kArmaNa zarIra dvArA AramA nUtana janma grahaNa karanekA avasara prApta kara letI hai| arthAt AtmA purAne zarIrake naSTa hote hI apane sUkSma kArmaNa-zarIrake sAtha usa sthAna taka pahuMca jAtI hai| isa kriyA meM prANIke zarIra chor3aneke samayake bhAva aura preraNAeM bahuta kucha kAma karatI haiM / eka bAra nayA zarIra dhAraNa karaneke bAda usa zarIrakI sthiti taka prAyaH samAna paristhitiyAM banI rahane kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki AsmA pariNAmI honeke kAraNa pratisamaya apanI mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAosa una-una prakArake zubha aura azubha maMskAroMmeM svayaM pariNata hotI jAtI hai aura vAtAvaraNako bhI usI prakArase prabhAvita karatI hai / ye Atma-saMskAra apane pUrva baddha kArmaNa zarIra meM kucha naye karmaparamANuoMkA sambandha karA dete haiM, jinake paripAkase ve saMskAra AtmAmeM zubha yA azubha bhAva utpanna karate haiM / AtmA svayaM ina saMskAroMkA kartA aura svayaM hI unake phaloMkA bhoktA hai| jaba AtmAkI dRSTi apane mala svarUpako ora ho jAtI hai, to zanaiH zanaiH kusaMskAra naSTa hokara svarUpasthitirUpa mukti prApta kara letA hai / isa zarIrako dhAraNa kiye hue bhI svAnubhUtikartA, pUrNa vItarAga aura pUrNajJAnI bana jAtA hai| svabhAvataH AtmAmeM kartatva aura bhoktatva zaktiyA~ vidyamAna hai| yaha svayaM apane saMskAroM aura baddhakarmoM ke anusAra asaMkhya jIva-yoniyoMmeM janma-maraNake bhArako DhotA rahatA hai / AtmA sarvathA apariNAmI aura nirlipta nahIM hai, kintu pratikSaNa pariNAmI hai / vaibhAvikI zakti ke kAraNa azuddha pariNamanake phalasvarUpa AtmA janma-maraNakI paramparAkA Azraya grahaNa karato hai| svAbhAvika avasthAko prApta karanepara mukti ho jAtI hai / ___AsmAke punarjanmameM anya koI vyavasthApaka, niyantraka yA niyojaka nahIM hai, AramA svayaM hI pariNamanazIlatAke kAraNa eka zarIrako tyAgakara anya zarIra dhAraNa karatI hai / jIva pUrva zarIra tyAga karake nUtana zarIrako grahaNa karaneke lie gati karatA hai. yaha gati mor3evAlI hotI hai| antarAlameM kArmaNazarIra rahatA hai aura kArmaNavargaNAoMkA grahaNa bhI hotA hai| ata: jIvake Atma-pradezoMke parispandameM kArmaNavargaNAe~ nimitarUpa hotI haiM / 394 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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jIva aura pudgala ye donoM gatizIla haiN| ina donoMmeM gamanakriyAkI zakti haiM, nimitta milanepara ye gamana karane lagate haiN| saMsArI jIva aura pudgaloMkI gatikA koI niyama nahIM haiM, para jaba jIva eka paryAya tyAgakara dUsarI paryAyako prApta karaneke lie gamana karatA hai, usa samaya jIvakI sarala gati hotI hai| sarala gatikA Azaya hai ki jIva yA pudgala AkAzake jina pradezoMpara sthita hoM, vahA~se gati karate hae ve unhIM pradezoMkI sarala rekhAke anusAra rUpara, nIce yA tirache gamana karate haiN| isIko anuzreNi gati-paMktike anusAra gati kahate haiN| nayA zarIra grahaNa karane ke lie do prakArako gatiyoM hotA hai:-1) Rju aura (2) vakra / prApya sthAna saralarekhAmeM ho, vaha Rju gati aura jisameM pUrva sthAnase naye sthAnako prApta karaneke lie sarala rekhA bhaMga karanI par3e, vaha vakra gati hai / saMsArI jIvoMkA utpatti sthAna sarala rekhAmeM hotA hai aura vakrarekhAmeM bhii| AnupUrvIkarmodayake anusAra utpattisthAnakI prApti hotI hai / ata: janmAntara grahaNa karanevAlI AtmA Rjugati aura vakragati donoMko dhAraNa karatI hai| __ antarAla gatikA kAla jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa cAra samaya hai / Rju gatimeM eka samaya, pANimuktAgatimeM do samaya, lAlikAgatimeM tIna samaya aura gomUtrikAgatimeM cAra samaya lagate haiN| mor3a leneke anusAra samayakI saMkhyA bar3hatI jAtI hai| eka mor3a lenepara do samaya, do mor3a lenepara tIna samaya aura tIna mor3a lenepara cAra samaya lagatA hai| janmake bheda janmake tIna bheda haiM--(1) sammUrchana, (2) garbha aura (3) upapAda | mAtApitAkI apekSA kiye vinA utpatti sthAnameM audArika paramANuoMko zarIrarUpa pariNamAte hae utpanna honA sammUcchana janma hai / mAtA-pitAke raja-vIryako zarIrarUpase pariNamAte hue utpanna honA garbha janma hai / utpattisthAna meM sthita vaikriyika pudgaloMko zarIrarUpase pariNamAte hue utpanna honA upapAda janma hai / jarAyuja, aNDaja aura pota prANiyoMke garbha janma hotA hai, deva aura nAra. kayoMke upapAda janma hotA hai tathA pA~ca sthAvarakAya, tIna vikalendriya, samma chaina manuSya aura sammUrcchana paJcendriya tiryaJcoMke sammanchana janma hotA hai / yoni aura zarIra jisa AdhArameM jIva janma letA hai, use yoni kahate haiN| yoniko prApta jIva nUtana zarIrake hetu grahaNa kiye gaye pudgaloM meM anupraviSTa ho jAtA hai aura pazcAt tIvara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 395

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zarIrako vRddhi aura puSTi hone lagatI hai| yoniyoMke mala bheda nau haiM aura uttara bheda cIrAsI lAkha haiM:-(1) sacitta, (2) zIta, (3) saMvRta, (4) acitta, (5) uSNa, (6) vivRta, (7) sacittAvitta, (8) zItoSNa aura (9) sNvRttvivRt| jIvapradezoM meM adhiSThita yoni sacitta yoni hai| jIvapradezoMse adhiSThita na honA acitta yoni hai / jo yoni kucha bhAgameM jova pradezoMse adhiSThita ho aura kucha bhAgameM jovapradezoMse adhiSThita na ho, vaha mizca yoni hai| zIta sparzavAlI zIta yoni, uSNa sparzavAlI uSNa yoni aura mizrita sparzavAlI mizra yoni hotI hai / DhakI yoniko saMvRta, sulIko vivRta aura kucha Dhako tathA kucha khulIko saMvRtavivRtta yoni kahate haiN| yoni aura janmameM AdhAra-bAdheyabhAvakA sambandha hai| zarIra pA~ca prakArake hote haiM:-(1) audArikazarIra (2) vaikriyikazarIra, (3) AhArakazarIra, (4) tejasazarIra aura 15) kArmaNazarIra / ye zarIra uttarottara sUkSma hote gaye haiM / taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra apratighAti hai-na to anya padArthoM ko rokate haiM aura na anya padArtho ke dvArA inakA avaroSa hotA hai| ye donoM anAdikAla se AtmAse sambaddha haiN| samasta saMsArI jIvoMke ye donoM zarIra pAye jAte haiM / audArikazarIra garbha aura sammUchana janmase utpanna hotA hai, vaikriyika zarIra upapAda janmase, taijasa zarIra labdhike nimittase aura ahAraka zarIra zubha, vizuddha evaM vyAghAta rhis| yo zarIra banAtA mArata ho sakate haiM, para zarIranAmakarmake mukhya bhedoMkI apekSA vicAra karanese zarIrake pAMca hI bheda haiM / sthUla zarIra audArika kahalAtA hai| choTA, bar3A, halkA bhArI Adi aneka rUpoMko prApta honevAlA zarIra kriyika kahA jAtA hai / sakSama padArthoM kA nirNaya karaneke lie pramattaguNasthAnavAle munike mastiSkase nikalanevAlA eka hAtha pramANa zubha putalA AhAraka zarIra hai / tejomaya zukla prabhAvavAlA tejasa zarIra aura karmo kA samUha kAmaNa zarIra hotA hai| lokasvarUpa AkAzake jitane bhAgameM jIva, pudgala Adi SaDdravya pAye jAye, vaha loka hai' aura usake cAroM ora ananta aloka hai| isa ananta AkAzake madhyameM 1. dhammA'dhammA kAlo puggala jIvA ya saMti jAvadiye / AmAse so logo tato parado alogupto|| -dravyasaMgraha-gASA, 20, dharmAdharmakAlapudgalajIvAzca santi yAvatyAkAze sa lokaH / tathA coktam- lokyante 396 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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anAdi aura akRtrima rUpase loka avasthita hai| yaha loka manuSyAkAra hai tathA cAroM ora tIna prakArako vAyuoMse veSTita hai| arthAt loka ghanodadhivAsavalayase, ghanodadhivAtavalaya dhanavAtavalayase aura dhanavAtavalaya tanuvAsavalayase veSTita hai| tanuvAtavalaya AkApAke Azraya hai aura mAkAza apane hI Azraya hai, usako dUsare Azayako AvazyakatA nahIM / yasaH AkAza sarvavyApI hai| dhanodadhivAtavalayakA varNa bhUgake sadRza, ghanavAtavalayakA varNa gomUtrake sadRza aura tanuvAtavalayakA varNa avyakta hai| isa lokake madhyameM eka rAjU caur3I, eka rAjU lambI aura caudaha rAjU UMcI prasanAhI hai| dvaundriyAdi vasajIva isI sanAr3ImeM rahate haiM, isake bAhara sajIvoMkA astitva nahIM hai| lokake bheda ___ lokake tIna mAga hai:--(1) adholoka, (2) madhyaloka aura (3) kj'lok| mUlase sAta rAjakI U~cAI taka adholoka hai, sumeruparvatakI UMcAIke tulya madhyaloka hai aura sumeruparvasase Upara eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana kama sAta rAja pramANa ardhvaloka hai / lokako dhAraNa karanevAlA koI vyakti yA parokSa zakti nahIM hai / yaha svabhAvataH avasthita hai| apoloka : svarUpa aura vistAra __ sumeruparvatakI ar3ase nIce sAta rAjU pramANa agholoka avasthita hai| jisa pRthvIpara hamaloga nivAsa karate haiM, usa pRthvIkA nAma citrA pRthvI hai| isakI moTAI eka hajAra yojana hai aura yaha pRthvI madhyalokameM sammilita hai| sumeruparvatakI jar3a eka hajAra yojana citrA pRthvIke bhItara hai, zeSa ninyAnave hajAra yojana citrApathvIke Upara hai aura cAlIsa yojanakI cUlikA hai / saba milAkara eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana UMcA madhyaloka hai / meruko jar3ake nIcese agholoka prArambha hotA hai| sarvaprathama meruparvatakI AdhArabhUta ratnaprabhA puthvI hai| isakA pUrva-pazcima aura uttara-dakSiNa dizAmeM lokake anta paryanta vistAra hai| ratnaprabhAkI moTAI eka lAkha assI hajAra yojana hai| isake Age zarkarAprabhA nAmaka dUsarI pRthvI hai, jisakI moTAI battIsa hajAra yojana hai| zarkarAprabhAke nIce kucha dUra taka kevala AkAza hai, jisake Age aTThAIsa hajAra yojana moTI dRzyante jIvAdipadArthA yatra sa loka iti / tasmAllokAkAzAtparato bahibhAMge punaranantAkAzamaloka iti / sa cAnAdinidhanaH kenApi puruSavizeSeNa na kRto na hato na dhRto na sa rkssitH| -bRhadamyasaMgraha-saMskRta-TIkA-20 gASA, pRSTha 59. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 397

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bAlukAprabhA tIsarI pRthvI hai| cauthI paMkaprabhA pRthvI caubIsa hajAra yojana moTI, pA~cavIM dhUmaprabhA bIsa hajAra yojana moTI, chaThI tamaprabhA solaha hajAra yojana moTI aura sAtavIM mahAtamaprabhA ATha hajAra yojana moTI hai| sAtavIM pRthvIke nIce eka rAjU pramANa AkAza nigodAdika jIvoMse bharA huA hai| vahA~ koI pRthvI nahIM hai| ina sAtoM pRthiviyoM ko kramazaH vaMzIdhA, aMjanA, ariSTA, madhayI ora mAghavI nAmoMse bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / pahalI ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke tIna bhAga haiM: - (1) kharabhAga, (2) paMkabhAga aura (3) abbahulabhAga | 1 mukta jIva lokake zikharapara nivAsa karate haiM aura saMsArI jIvoMkA nivAsa samasta loka hai | gatiko apekSA saMsArI jIvoMke cAra bheda hai: - (1) deva, (2) manuSya, (3) tiryaJca aura (4) nArakI / devoMke bhI cAra bheda hai: - (1) bhavanavAsI ( 2 ) vyantara (3) jyotiSI aura ( 4 ) vaimAnika / bhavanavAsiyoM ke (1) asurakumAra (2) nAgakumAra, (3) vidyutkumAra (4) suparNakumAra, (5) agnikumAra (6) vAtakumAra (7) stanitakumAra, (8) udadhikumAra, (9) dvIpakumAra aura (10) dikkumAra ye dasa bheda haiN| vyantaroMke (1) kinnara, (2) kiMpuruSa, (3) mahoraga, (4) gandharva, (5) yakSa, (6) rAkSasa, (7) bhUta aura (8) pizAca ye mATha bheda haiN| kharabhAga meM asurakumArako chor3akara zeSa navaprakAra ke bhavanavAsI deva aura rAkSasake atirikta zeSa sAta prakArake vyantaradeva nivAsa karate haiM / paMkabhAga meM asurakumAra aura rAkSasoMke nivAsa sthAna hai| abbahulabhAga aura zeSa chaH pRthviyoM meM nArakiyoMkA nivAsa hai / nArakiyoMke nivAsarUpa sAtoM pRthiviyoM meM kula 49 paTala haiN| pahalI pRthivI ke abbahula bhAga meM 13, dUsarI meM 11, tIsarI meM 9, cauthI meM 7, pA~cavI meM 5, chaThomeM 3 aura sAtavIM pRthvImeM 1 paTala hai / ye paTala ina bhUmiyoMke Upara nIceke ekaeka hajAra yojana chor3akara samAna antarapara sthita haiM / cauthemeM pahale naraka meM eka sAgara, dUsaremeM tIna sAgara, tIsare meM sAta sAgara, dasa sAgara, pAMcaveM meM satraha sAgara, chaThe meM bAIsa sAgara aura sAtaveM meM tetIsa sAgarakI utkRSTa sthiti hotI hai| prathama narakameM jaghanya Ayu dasa hajAra varSakI haiM aura prathamAdi narakoMkI utkRSTa Ayu hI dvitIyAdi narakoMmeM jaghanya Ayu hotI jAtI hai / pApodayase yaha jIva narakagatimeM janma grahaNa karatA hai| yahA~ nAnA prakAra ke bhayAnaka tIvra duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| pahalI cAra pRthiviyoM aura pAMcavIka 398 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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sRtIyAMza narakoMmeM uSNatAkI tIna vedanA hai tathA nIceke narakoMmeM zItajanya tIvra vedanA hai| tIsare naraka paryanta asurakumAra jAttike deva Akara nArakiyoMkoM paraspara lAte haiM / nArakiyoMkA zarora aneka rogoMse grasta rahatA hai aura pariNAmoMmeM nisya krUratA banI rahatI hai| narakoMkI bhUmi mahAdurgandhayukta aneka upadravoM sahita hoto hai / nArakiyoMmeM paraspara jAtivirodha hotA hai| ve parasparameM eka dusareko bhayAnaka duHkha dete haiN| chedana, bhedana, sAr3ana, mAraNa Adi nAnA prakArakI dhora bedanAoMko sahate hue dAruNa duHkhakA anubhava karate haiM / nArako maraNakara naraka aura devagatimeM janma nahIM grahaNa karate, kintu manuSya aura tiryaca gatimeM hI janma lete haiN| isI prakAra manuSya aura tiryaJca hI naraka gatimeM janma grahaNa karate hai| asaMzI paJcendriya jIva marakara prathama naraka taka; sarIsRpa jAti ke jIva dusare maraka hA; bhI nIsare vaha zara, sarpa cauthe naraka taka, siMha pAMcaveM naraka taka strI chaThe naraka taka aura karmabhUmimeM utpanna puruSa tathA matsya sAptaveM naraka taka janma grahaNa karate haiN| bhogabhUmike jIva naraka nahIM jAte, kintu ve deva hI hote haiN| yadi koI nirantara naraka jAya to pahale narakameM ATha bAra taka, dUsare narakameM sAta bAra taka, tIsare narakameM cha: bAra taka, cauthe narakameM pAMca bAra taka, pAcave narakameM cAra bAra taka, chaThe narakameM tIna bAra taka aura sAtaveM narakameM do bAra taka nirantara jA sakatA hai, adhika bAra nahIM / sAtaveM narakase nikalakara siryaJca paryAya hI prApta hotI hai / chaThe narakase nikale hue jova saMghama dhAraNa nahIM kara pAte / paJcama narakase nikale hae jIva mokSako nahIM jA skte| caturtha narakase nikale jIva tIrthaMkara nahIM hote; para prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya narakase nikale jIva tIrthakara ho sakate haiN| naraphase nikale hue jIya balabhadra, nArAyaNa, pratinArAyaNa aura cakravartI nahIM hote| madhyaloka : svarUpa aura vistAra adholokase Upara eka rAjU lambA, eka rAjU caur3A aura eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana kaicA madhyaloka hai| yaha madhyaloka uttara-dakSiNa sAta rAjU aura pUrvapazcima eka rAjU hai| isakA AkAra jhAlarake samAna hai| madhyalokake bIca meM golAkAra eka lakSa yojana vyAsavAlA jambUdvIpa hai| isa jambUdvIpako ghere hue golAkAra lavaNa samudra hai| isa lavaNa samudrako caur3AI sarvatra do lAkha yojana hai / ise ghere hue dhAtakokhaNDa dvIpa hai, isakI caur3AI cAra lAkha yojana hai / isa dvIpako ghere hue ATha lAkha yojana caur3A kAlodadhi samudra hai / kAlodadhi samudrako cAroM orase ghere hue solaha lAkha yojana caur3A puSkaradvIpa hai / isa prakArase dUne-dUne vistArako lie paraspara eka dUsareko ber3e hue asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudra tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 399

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hai / antameM svayaMbhUramaNa samudra hai / cAroM konoMmeM pRthvI hai / puSkaradvIpake bIcoMbIca mAnuSottara parvata hai, jisase puSkaradvIpa ke do bhAga ho gaye haiN| jambUdvIpa, ghAtako khaNDa aura puSkarArddha, isa prakAra DhAI dvIpameM manuSya rahate haiM, isase bAhara manuSya nahIM hai / sthAvara jIva samasta lokameM bhare hue haiN| jalacara jIva lavaNodadhi, kAlodadhi aura svayaMbhUramaNa ina tIna pramudomaM nivAsa karate haiN| jambUdvIpa eka lAkha yojana caur3A golAkAra hai| isameM pUrva aura pazcima dizAmeM lambAyamAna donoM bhora pUrva-pazcima samudrako sparza karate hue (1) himavat, (2) mahAhimavAn, (3) niSadha, (4) nIla, (5) rukmi aura (6) zikharI ye cha: kulAcala haiM, inheM varSadhara bhI kahA jAtA hai / inake nimittase jambUdvIpake sAta bhAga ho gaye haiM / dakSiNa dizAke prathama bhAgakA nAma bharata kSetra, dvitIya bhAgakA nAma haimavata aura tRtIya bhAgakA nAma harikSetra hai / isI prakAra uttara dizAke prathama bhAgakA nAma airAvata, dvitIya bhAgakA nAma hairaNyavata aura tRtIya bhAgakA nAma ramyaka kSetra hai / madhya bhAgakA nAma videha kSetra hai / bharata kSetrako cor3AI 526 / 6 /19 yojana arthAt jambUdvIpakI caur3AIke eka lAkha yojanake 190 bhAgoM meM se eka bhAga pramANa hai / himavata parvatakI caur3AI do bhAga haimavata kSetrakI cAra bhAga, mahAhimavat parvatako ATha bhAga, harikSetrakI solaha bhAga aura freshii battIsa bhAga pramANa hai / saba milAkara 63 bhAga pramANa hue| isI prakAra uttara dizAmeM airAvata kSetrase lekara nIlaparyaMta taka 63 bhAga hai / madhyakA videha kSetra 64 bhAga hai / isa prakAra kula milAkara 63 + 63 + 64 = 190 bhAga pramANa hai ! himavat parvatakI U~cAI so yojana, mahAhimavatkI do so yojana, niSadhakI cAra sau yojana nIlako cAra so yojana, rukmikI do sau yojana aura zikharIkI sau yojana hai| ina sabhI kulAcaloMko caur3AI Upara, nIce aura madhya meM samAna hai / ina kulAcaloMke pakhavAr3oM meM aneka prakArakI maNiyAM hai| ye himavadAdika chahoM parvata kramazaH suvarNa, rajata, taptasuvarNa, vaihUyaM, cAMdI aura suvarNake varNa vAleM haiM / ina kulAcaloMke Upara padma, mahApadma, timiccha, kesarI, mahApuNDarIka aura puNDarIka saMjJaka chA nAlAba haiN| ina kuNDoMkI lambAI 10001 2000 14000/4000|2000 aura 1000 yojana hai| cauDhAI 500 11000/2000/ 2000|1000/500 yojana hai / gaharAI 10/20/40/40 | 20110 yojana hai / ina tAlAboM meM pArthiva kamala haiM, jinakI UMcAI aura caur3AI 1/2/4/4/2/1 yojana hai / ina kamaloMpara palyopama AyuvAlI zrI, ho, ghRti, kIrti, buddhi aura lakSmI jAtiko deviyoM sAmAnika aura pAriSad jAtike devoM sahita kramase nivAsa karatI haiM / 400 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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ina sAta kSetroMmeMse pratyeka meM do-do kramase gaMgA-sindhu, rohita rohitAsyA, harita harikAntA, sotA sItodA, nArI-narakAntA, suvarNakUlA-rUpyakUlA, aura raktA raktodA ye caudaha nadiyA~ pravAhita hotI haiM / videhakSetra ke bIca meM sumeru parvata hai| sumeru parvatako jar3a eka hajAra yojana bhUmi meM hai tathA ninyAnabe hajAra yojana bhUmike Upara U~cAI hai aura cAlIsa yojanakI cUlikA hai / yaha sumeru parvata golAkAra bhUmipara daza hajAra yojana caur3A tathA Upara eka hajAra yojana caur3A hai| sumeruparvata ke cAroM ora bhUmipara bhadrazAla vana hai / yaha bhaTTazAla vana pUrva aura pazcima dizA meM bAIsa bAIsa hajAra yojana aura uttara-dakSiNa dizA meM DhAI-DhAI sau yojana caur3A hai| pRthvIse pA~casau yojana jAnepara sumeru ke cAroM ora prathama kaTanIpara pAMcasau yojana caur3A nandanavana hai / nandanavana se bAsaTha hajAra pA~casau yojana U~cA car3hanepara sumeruke cAroM ora dvitIya kaTanopara pAMcasau yojana caur3A somanasa vana hai| saumanasa vana se chattIsa hajAra yojana U~cA calanepara sumeruke cAroM ora tIsarI kaTanIpara cArasI caurAnabe yojana caur3A pANDuka vana hai / merukI cAroM vidizAoM meM cAra camadanta parvata haiN| dakSiNa aura uttara meM bhadrazAla tathA niSadha aura nIla parvata bIcameM devakuru aura uttarakuru haiN| merukI pUrva dizA meM pUrva videha aura pazcima dizA meM pazcima videha hai| pUrva videhake bIcameM hokara sItA aura pazcima videha meM hokara sItodA nadI pUrva aura pazcima samudrako gayI haiN| isa prakAra donoM nadiyoMke dakSiNa aura uttara taTakI apekSAse videha cAra bhAga haiM aura pratyeka bhAga meM ATha-ATha deza haiM / ina AThoM dezoMkA vibhAga karanevAle kSAra parvata tathA dibhaMgA nadI hai / bharata aura airAvata kSetrake bIca meM vijayArddha parvata hai| bharata aura airAvata ke chaH-chaH khaNDa haiN| inameMse eka-eka AyakhaNDa aura pA~ca-pA~ca mleccha khaNDa haiM / manuSyalokake bhItara pandraha karmabhUmi aura tIsa bhogabhUmiyAM haiN| jahA~ asi, masi, kRSi, sevA, zilpa aura vANijyarUpa SaTkarmako pravRtti ho, use karmabhUmi kahate haiM aura jahAM kalpavRkSoM dvArA bhogoMkI prApti hA, use bhogabhUmi kahate haiN| bhogabhUmi ke tIna bheda haiM: - ( 1 ) uttama, (2) madhyama aura (3) jaghanya / haimavata aura hairaNyavata kSetroM meM jaghanya bhogabhUmi hai / hari aura ramyaka kSetroMmeM madhyama bhogabhUmi evaM devakuru aura uttarakurumeM utkRSTa bhogabhUmi hai| manuSyalokake bAhara sarvatra jadhanya bhogabhUmikI-sI racanA hai, kintu antima svayaMbhUramaNadvIpake tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezamA : 40 1 26

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uttarAddha meM tathA samasta svayaMbharamaNa samudra meM tathA cAroM konoMkI pRthiviyoMmeM karmamamikI-sI racanA hai| bhogabhUmimeM vondriya, zrIndriya aura paturindraya jIva nahIM hote / samasta dvIpa-samudroMmeM bhavanavAsI aura vyantaradeva nivAsa karate haiN| kalpahAsa : vivecana bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmike sAtha kalpakAlakA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| jalAloko rahayo nIdI kalAke parijJAnake abhAvameM saMbhava nahIM hai| ___bIsa koDAkoDI addhAsAgarake samayoMke samUhako kalpa kahate haiM / kalpakAla ke do bheda haiM:-abasarpaNa aura (2) utsarpaNa / ina donoM kAloMkA pramANa dasabasa koDAkoDI sAgara hai| avasarpaNa kAlameM Ayu, zarIra, aizvarya, vidyA, buddhi Adiko uttarottara honatA aura tassapaMNakAlameM ukta bAtoMkI uttarottara vRddhi hotI hai / avasarpaNakAlake chaH bheda haiM:-(1) suSama-suSama, (2) suSama, (3) suSama duSama, (4) duHSama-suSama, (5) duHSama aura (6) duHSama-duHSama / ___ avasarpaNake chahoM kAla vyatIta ho jAne para utsarpaNake cha: kAla Ate hai / isa prakAra avasarpaNake pazcAt utsarpaNa aura utsarpaNake pazcAt avasarpaNakA krama calatA rahatA hai| ___suSama-suSamakAlakA pramANa cAra koDAkoDI sAgara, suSamakA pramANa tIna koDAkoDo sAgara, suSama-duHSamakA pramANa do koDAkoDI sAgara, duHSama suSamakA pramANa bayAlIsa hajAra varSa kama eka koDAkoDI sAgara, duHSamakA ikkIsa hajAra varSa aura duHSama-duHSamakA ikkIsa hajAra varSa pramANa hai| aneka kalpakAla bItanepara eka huMDAvasarpaNakAla AtA hai, jisameM kaI vicitra bAteM ghaTita hotI haiN| yathA cakravartIkA apamAna, tIrthaMkara ke putrIkA janma evaM zalAkApuruSoMko saMkhyAmeM hAni Adi bAteM ghaTita hotI haiN| pahale kAlake AdimeM manuSyoMke zarIrako UMcAI tIna koza aura anta meM do koza hotI hai / dUsareke AdimeM do koza aura antameM eka koza UMcAI hotI hai| tIsareke AdimeM eka koza, antameM pA~casau dhanuSa, cautheke AdimeM pAMcaso dhanuSa aura anta meM sAta hAtha kacAI hotI hai| pAMcaveMke AdimeM sAta hAtha, antameM do hAtha aura chaTheke AdimeM do hAtha aura antameM eka hAtha UMcAI raha jAtI hai| SaTakAloMmeM bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmi : vyavasthA avasarpaNake prathamakAlameM utkRSTa bhogabhUmiko racanA rahatI hai| isa kAlameM 402 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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bhojana, vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi samasta bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoMse prApta hotI hai / pRthvI darpaNa ke samAna maNimaya choTe-choTe sugandhita tRNayukta hotI hai / bhogabhUmi meM mAtA ke garbha se yugapat strI-puruSakA yugala utpanna hotA hai| yaha ghugala 49 dinameM yauvana avasthAko prApta ho jAtA hai / Ayuke anta meM puruSa chIMka lekara aura strI jaMmAI lekara maraNako prApta hote haiN| unakA zarIra zaratkAlake meghake samAna vilupta ho jAtA hai| ye bhogabhUmike sabhI jIva maraNa kara devagatiko prApta hote haiM / dvitIyakAla meM madhyama bhogabhUmi aura tRtIyakAlake AdimeM jaghanya bhogabhUmikI sthiti rahatI hai / tRtIyakAla ke anta meM karmabhUmikA praveza hotA hai / isa kAlameM jaba palyakA aSTamAMza zeSa raha jAtA hai to kramazaH caudaha kulakara utpanna hote haiN| ye kulakara jIvanavRtti evaM manuSyoM ko kulakI taraha ikaTThe rahanekA upadeza dete haiM / caturthakAla meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara, dvAdaza cakravartI, nava nArAyaNa, nava pratinArAyaNa aura nava balabhadra ina saTha zalAkApuruSoMkA janma hotA hai / paJcamakA paryanta muni, AryikA zrAvaka aura zrAvikArUpa catuvidhasaMghakA astitva banA rahatA hai / paJcamakAlake anta meM dharma, agni aura rAjA ina tInoMkA nAza ho jAtA hai| chaThe kAlameM manuSya pazuko taraha nagna, dharmarahita aura mAMsAhArI hote haiN| isa kAlake jIva marakara naraka aura tiryaJca gati meM hI janma dhAraNa karate haiM / chaThe kAlameM varSA bahuta thor3I hotI hai tathA pRthvI ratnAdika sAravastu rahita hotI hai / manuSya tIvra kaSAya yukta hotA hai| isa kAlake antameM saMvartaka nAmaka pavana bar3e jorase calatA hai, jisase parvata, vRkSAdi cUra-cUra ho jAte haiM / basanevAle jIva mRtyuko prApta hote haiM athavA mUcchita ho jAte haiN| kucha manuSya vijaya parvatako guphAoM aura mahAgaMgA tathA mahAsindhu nadIko vediyoM meM svayaM praviSTa ho jAte haiM / isa chaTe kAlake antameM sAta-sAta dina paryanta kramazaH (1) pavana (2) atyanta zIta, (3) kSArarasa, (4) viSa, (5) kaThora agni, (6) dhUla aura (7) AkI varSA hotI rahatI hai / ina unacAsa dinoMmeM avaziSTa manuSyAdika jova naSTa ho jAte haiN| viSa aura agnikI varSA ke kAraNa pRthvI eka yAjana nIce taka cUra-cUra ho jAtI hai / isIkA nAma pralaya hai / pralaya bharata aura airAvata kSetroMke Arya khaNDoM meM ho hotI hai, anyatra nahIM / ataH yaha khaNDapralaya kahalAtI hai / utsarpaNa ke duHSama duHSama nAmaka prathamakAla meM sarvaprathama sAta dina jalavRSTi, sAta dina dugdhavRSTi, sAta dina ghRtavRSTi aura sAta dina taka amRtavRSTi hotI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 40 3

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hai, jisase pRthvI nivAsa karane yogya saMcikaNa ho jAtI hai ! sArikI vAke kAraNa vRkSa, latA, auSadha, gulma Adi vanaspatiyoMkI utpatti aura vRddhi hone lagatI hai| pRthvIkI zItalatA aura sugandhatAkA anubhava hote hI vijayA tathA nadIko vedikAoMmeM chipe hue jIva nikala Ate haiM aura dharmarahina nagnarUpameM vicaraNa karate haiN| mRttikA AdikA AhAra karate haiN| isa kAlameM jIvoMko Ayu aura zarIra Adi bar3hane lagate haiN| utsarpaNake dUsare du:SamakAlameM eka hajAra varSa avaziSTa rahanepara phUlakara utpanna hote haiN| ye kUlakara manuSyoMko kSatriya Adi kuloMkA AcAra evaM agnise annAdi pakAne kI vidhi sikhalAte haiM / isake pazcAt duHSama-suSama nAmaka tRtIya kAla AtA hai, jisameM presaTha zalAkApuruSa janma grahaNa karate haiN| tatpazcAt caturtha, paJcama aura SaSThakAlameM bhogabhUmikA pravartana rahatA hai| jyotiSIdeva : varNana jyotiSodevoMke antargata sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra aura tAroMko gaNanA kI gaI hai| citrAbhUmise mAta sau nabbe yojana Upara tAre haiN| tAroMse dasa yojana Upara sUrya aura sUryase assI yojana Upara candramA hai| candramAse cAra so yojana Upara nakSatra, nakSatroMse cAra yojana Upara budha, budhase tIna yojana Upara zukra, zukrase tIna yojana Upara guru, guruse tIna yojana Upara maMgala aura maMgalase tIna yojana Upara zanizcara hai / budhAdi pA~ca rAhoMke atirikta tirAsI anya graha bhI haiN| isa prakAra kula grahoMkI saMkhyA aTTAsI mAnI gayI hai / rAhuke vimAnakA dhvajadaNDa candramAke vimAnase aura ketuke vimAnakA dhvajadaNDa sUrya ke vimAnase cAra pramANAMgula nIce hai / tathya yaha hai ki jyotiSka jAtike deva madhyalokake antargata hI vimAnoM meM nivAsa karate haiN| isa jyotiSkapaTalakI moTAI urdhva aura adhodizAmeM ekasau dasa yojana hai aura pUrva tathA pazcima dizAoMmeM lokake antameM dhanodadhivAtavalaya paryanta hai tathA uttara aura dakSiNa dizA meM eka rAjU pramANa hai / sumeru parvatake cAroM ora gyAraha sau iksIsa yojana taka jyotiSka vimAnoMkA sadabhAva nahIM hai / manuSyaloka paryanta jyotiSka vimAna nitya sumerukI pradakSiNA karate haiM / jambUdvIpameM 36, lavaNa samudra meM 139, pAtukI khaNDameM 1010, kAlodadhimeM 41120, aura puSkarAdhameM 53230 praba tAre hai 1 manuSyalokase bAhara samasta jyotiSka vimAna avasthita hai| ina jyotiSka vimAnoMmeM tiryak kucha antara hai aura Uparo bhAga AkAza 404 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kI eka hI sataha meM hai| tAroMmeM paraspara jaghanya antara eka kozakA saptamAMza, madhyama antara 50 yojana aura utkRSTa antara 1000 yojana hai| samasta jyotiSka vimAnoMkA AkAra Adhe goleke samAna hai| ina vimAnoMke Upara jyotiSI devoMke nagara haiM / ye nagara atyanta ramaNIka aura jinamandira saMyukta haiN| __candramAke vimAnakA vyAsa 56 / 61 yojana hai, sUryake vimAnakA vyAsa 4161 yojana, zukrake vimAnakA vyAsa eka koza, vRhaspatike vimAnakA vyAsa kucha kama eka koza tathA budha, maMgala aura zanika vimAnoMkA vyAsa AdhAAdhA koza hai| tAroM ke vimAna 14 koza, kvacit 112 koza aura kvacita 31 koza hai| gakSatroMke vimAna eka-eka koza caur3e haiN| rAha aura ketuke vimAna kiMcit Una eka yojana caur3e haiM / samasta vimAnoMko moTAI, cauDAIse AdhI hai| sarya aura candramAkI bAraha hajAra kiraNe haiN| candramAkI kiraNeM zItala aura sUrya kI kiraNeM uSNa haiM | zukrakI DhAI hajAra prakAzamAna kiraNeM haiM / zeSa jyotiSI deva manda prakAza yukta haiN| candramAke vimAnakA 16vAM bhAga kRSNapakSama kRSNarUpa aura zukla pakSameM zuklarUpa pratidina pariNamana karatA hai| rAhuke vimAnake nimittase chaha mAsameM eka bAra pUrNimAko candragrahaNa hotA hai| sUryake nAce calanevAle ketu vimAnake nimittase chaha mAsa meM eka bAra amAvasyAko sUryagrahaNa hotA hai| jyotiSka vimAnoMko nAnA prakArake AkAra dhAraNa karanevAle deva khIMcate haiM | candramA aura sarya ke solaha-solaha hajAra vAhaka deva haiN| grahoMke ATha-ATha hajAra, nakSatroMke cAra-cAra hajAra aura tArAke do-do hajAra bAhaka deva haiM candramA, sUrya aura graha ina tAnIkA chor3akara zeSa jyotiSI deva eka hI mArga meM gamana karata haiN| ___ jambUdvIpama do, lavaNa samudra meM cAra, dhAtako khaNDameM bAraha, kAlodadhimeM bayAlIsa aura puSkanameM bahattara sUrya-candramA hai| pratyeka dvIpa yA samudrake samAna do-do daNDa haiM aura Adhe-Adhe jyotiSka vimAna gamana karate haiM / grahoMkA pramANa candramAoM ke pramANase aTTAso gaNita hai| nakSatroMkA pramANa candramAoMke pramANase aTThAIsa gaNita aura tAroMkA pramANa candramAoMke pramANase chiyAsaTha hajAra nau sau pacahattara koDA-koDI guNita hai| candramA aura sUryake gamana-mArgako cArakSetra kahA jAtA hai| isa samasta cArakSetrakI caur3AI 51048 / 61 yojana hai / isa caur3AI meM 180 yojana to jambUdvIpameM aura zeSa 330/48161 yojana lavaNa samudra meM hai | candramAke gamana karaneko pandraha aura sUryake gamana karaneko ekasI caurAsI galiyA~ haiN| isa samameM samAna antara hai| do-do sUrya yA candramA pratidina eka-eka garalIko tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 405

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chor3akara dUsarI-dUsarI galImeM gamana karate haiM, jisa dina sUrya bhItarI galI meM gamana karatA hai, usa samaya 18 muhUrtakA dina 12 muhUrta kI rAtri hotI hai| tathA kramazaH ghaTate-ghaTate jisa dina sUrya bAharI galI-vIthimeM gamana karatA hai, usa dina bAraha muhartakA dina aura 18 mahata kI rAtri hotI hai / sUrya karkasaMkrAtike dina Abhyantara vIthi-bhItarI galI meM gamana karatA hai| isa dina dakSiNAyanakA prArambha hotA hai aura makarasaMkrAntike dina bAhya vIthipara gamana karatA hai| isa dina uttarAyaNakA Arambha hotA hai| prathama vIthise ekasau caurAsIvI bothimeM AnemeM 183 dina, tatha antima vIthise prathama vIthi taka pahuMcane meM 183 dina lagate haiN| donoM aya noMke 366 dina hote haiN| isoko sUryavarSa kahate haiM / sUrya, candra aura nakSatra Adi kI gaNitAtmaka gati gaganakhaNDoM dvArA jAnI jAtI hai ! kAla-vibhAjana jyotiSka devoMkI gati dvArA hI hotA hai| uyaloka meruse Upara lokake anta takake kSetrako urvaloka kahate haiM / isake do bheda haiM:-(1) kalpa aura (3) kalpAtIta / jahA~ indra, sAmAnika AdikI kalpanA hotI hai, ve kalpa haiM aura jahAM yaha kalpanA nahIM hai, ve nAsmAtA hai| kara pA solaha svarga haiM:-(1) saudharma, (2) IzAna, (3) sanatakumAra, (4) mAhendra, (5) brahma, (6) brahmottara, (7) lAMtava, (8) kApiSTha, (9) zukra, (10) mahAzukra, (11) satAra, (12) sahasrAra, (13)Anata, (14)prANata,(15) AraNa, (16) acyuta / ina 16 svargomeMse do-do svargoM meM saMyukta rAjya hai / isa kAraNa saudharma, IzAna Adi do-do svargo kA eka-eka yugala hai| Adike do tathA antake do isa prakAra cAra yugaloMmeM ATha indra haiM aura madhyake cAra yugaloMmeM cAra hI indra haiM / ataeva indroMkI apekSA svargoM ke bAraha bheda haiN| solaha svargoM se Upara kalpAsIta haiN| inameM nava veyaka, nava anudiza aura paMca-anuttara ina 23 kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai / solaha svargoM meM to indra, sAmAnika, pAriSada Adi dasa prakArakI kalpanA hai aura kalpAtItoMmeM yaha kalpanA nahIM hai, vahAM sabhI ahamindra kahalAte haiN| merukI cUlikAse eka bAlake antarapara RSu vimAna hai| yahIse saudharma svargakA Aramma hotA hai / meru talase Der3ha rAjUkI UMcAIpara saudharma-IzAna yugalakA anta hai| isake Upara Der3ha rAjUmeM sanatakumAra-mAhendra yugala aura usake Upara Adhe-Adhe rAjyameM chaha yugala haiN| isa prakAra chaha rAjameM ATha yugala haiN| sauSama svargameM battIsa lAkha, IzAnameM bIsa lAkha, sanatakumArameM bAraha lAkha, 406 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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mAhendrameM ATha lAkha, brahma-brahmottara yugalameM cAra lAkha, lAntava-kApiSTha yugala meM pacAsa hajAra, zukra-mahAzukra yugalameM cAlIsa hajAra, satAra-sahasrAra yugala meM chaha hamAra thA Amata, prANa, AraNa aura acyuta ina cAroM svagoMmeM saba milAkara sAta sau vimAna haiN| adhogreveyakameM 111, madhya greveyakameM 107 aura ardhvagreveyakameM 91 vimAna hai / anudizameM 9 aura anuttarameM 5 vimAna haiN| ye saba vimAna 63 paTaloMmeM vibhAjita haiN| jina vimAnoMkA UparI bhAga eka samatalameM pAyA jAtA hai, ve vimAna eka paTalake kahalAte haiM aura pratyeka paTalake madhya-vimAnako indraka-vimAna kahate haiN| cAroM dizAoM meM jo paMkti rUpa bimAna haiM, ve zreNIbaddha kahalAte haiN| zreNiyoMke bIca meM jo phuTakara vimAna haiM unakI prakIrNaka saMjJA hai| sarvArthasiddhi vimAna lokake antase vAraha yojana nIcA hai| Rju vimAna 45 lAkha yojana caur3A hai| dvitIyAdika indrakoMkI caur3AI kramazaH ghaTatI gayI hai aura sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka indraka vimAnakI caur3AI eka lAkha yojana hai / ___ lokake antameM eka rAjU caur3I, sAta rAja lambI aura ATha yojana moTI ISatprArabhAra nAmaka AThavIM pRthvI hai | isa pRthvIke madhyameM rUpyamayI chattAkAra 45 lAkha yojana caur3I aura madhyameM ATha yojana moTI siddhazilA hai| isa siddhazilAke Upara tanudAtameM mukta jIva virAjamAna haiM / tathya yaha hai ki urdhyaloka mRdaMgAkAra hai, isakA AkAra trizarAvasaMpuTasaMsthAna jaisA hai| lokasthiti AkAza, pavana, jala aura pRthvI ye vizvake AdhArabhUta aMga haiM / vizvakI vyavasthA inhIMke AdhAra-AdheyabhAvase nirmita hai| loka bhI utpAda-vyayaprovyAtmaka hai| isakI vyavasthA tarkake AdhArapara pratiSThita hai / jIvAdi sabhI dravya lokameM nivAsa karate haiM aura alokameM kevala AkAza hI AkAza rahatA hai / vastutaH lokako sthiti anekAntavAdake AlAkameM ghaTita hotI hai| AdhyAtmikadRSTi : neya AdhyAtmikadRSTise padArthoMkA tIna vibhAgoMmeM vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai:(1) heya (2) upAdeya aura (3) shey| heyakA artha hai tyAjya / jo AtmAmeM AkulatA utpanna karanevAlA ho vaha heya hai| isa dRSTise saMsAra aura saMsArake kAraNIbhUta Asrava evaM bandha heya padArtha haiN| mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyA cAritra bhI heyake antargata hai| upAdeya ve padArtha haiM, jinase akSaya, avinAzI aura ananta sukha prApta ho| nizcayase vizuddha mAna-darzanarUpa nija AtmA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA / 407

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ho upAdeya hai tathA samyakazraddhAna, samyakjJAna aura samyag AcaraNarUpa nizcaya ratnatraya tathA usa nizcayaratnatrayakA sAdhaka vyavahAraratnatraya bhI upAdeya hai / mokSake kAraNIbhUta saMvara aura nirjarA tattvakI gaNanA bhI upAdeya meM kI gayI hai / " jJeSa yoM to bhI padArtha hai, para AdhyAtmikadRSTise sapta tattva aura nava padArthoM meM se heyopAdeyake atirikta samasta padArtha jJeya haiM / pracacanasAra meM AcArya kundakundane jJeyake varNanake pUrva batalAyA hai ki guNaparyAyAtmaka jJeya hai aura jo paryAyoMmeM Asakta hai, vaha parasamaya arthAt mUr3hadRSTi hai| Atma-svabhAva meM sthita svasamaya aura paryAyoMmeM sthita parasamaya kahA jAtA hai| zuddha jJAnadarzanAtmaka AtmA hI upAdeya hai aura yahI yathArtha meM jJeya hai / isa prakAra heya, upAdeya aura zeyakA parijJAna prAptakara AtmAke nijI svarUpakI anubhUti karanI cAhiye / isa tripuTIse hI tattvakA nirdezana prApta hotA hai / vastumAtra jJeya hai aura astitvakI dRSTise jJeyamAtra satya hai / satya hI jIvanakA sarvasva hai / 1. kathayati -- upAdeyatattvamaprayAnantasukhaM tasya kAraNaM mokSo, mokSasya kAraNaM saMvara nirjarAdrayaM tasya kAraNaM vizuddhajJAnadarzanasya bhAvani jAtmatattva samyak zraddhAnajJAnAnucaraNalakSaNaM nizcama ratnatrayasvarUpaM tatsAdhakaM vyavahAraratnatrayarUpaM ceti / idAnIM heyaravaM kathyate---AkulastrotpAdakaM nArakAdiduH khaM nizcayenendriyasukhaM ca yasvam / tasya kAraNaM saMsAra:, saMsArakAraNamAtra babandhapadArthadvayaM tasya kAraNaM pUrvokta vyavahArabhizvaya ratnatrayAdvilakSaNaM miSyAdarzanazAnacAritratrayamiti / ---vRhadaTIkA, dvitIya adhikAra, gAthA - saMkhyA 1-2 cUlikA, pR0 82-83. 2. je pajjayesu NiradA jIvA parasamathiMga ttiM giTThiA / bAdasahAyammi ThidrA te sagasa mayA muNedabbA // 1 -- pravacanasAra, gAthA 94, pR0 110. 408 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA P

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navama pariccheda jJAnatatva-mImAMsA jJAnakA svarUpa aura vyutpati jJAnazabdako vyutpatti / jA + lyuTa se niSpanna hai / isa zabdakA vyutpattigata artha "jAnati jJAyate'nena jJaptimAtraM vA jJAnam" arthAt jo jAnatA hai vaha jJAna hai, jisake dvArA jAnA jAya vaha jJAna hai athavA jAnane mAtrako jJAna kahate haiM / jo AtmA hai vaha jAnatA hai aura jo jAnatA hai vaha AtmA hai / AtmA aura anAtmAmeM atyantAbhAva hai| AtmA kabhI anAtmA nahIM banatI aura anAtmA kabhI AtmA nahIM banatI / AtmA jJAnase kathaJcit bhinnAbhinna hai / jJAna guNa hai aura AtmA guNI hai / AtmA padArthoM ko jAnatI hai aura jJAna jAnanekA sAdhana hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki AtmA jJAnapramANa hai aura jJAna jJeyapramANa hai / jJeya lokA 1. sarvArthasiddhi ( solApUra-saMskaraNa), a0 1 sUtra 1, 50 3. - 409 -

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loka hai, ataeva jJAna sarvagata arthAt vyApaka hai| saMkSepameM 'sva' aura 'para' ko jAnanekA sAdhana jJAna hI hai / pUrvameM jisa jJeyakI carcA kI gaI hai, usakA samyaka bodha jJAnadvArA hI sambhaba hai| mAnotpatti prakriyA jJeya aura jJAna donoM svatantra haiN| jJeya hai-dravya, guNa aura paryAya / jJAna AtmAkA guNa hai / na to jJeyase jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura na jAnase jJeya / hamArA jJAna padArthako jAne athavA na jAne, para padArtha apane svarUpameM avasthita hai| padArtha bhI jJAnakA viSaya bane yA na baneM, to bhI hamArA jJAna hamArI AtmAmeM sthita hai| yadi jJAnako padArthakI upaja mAnA jAya to vaha padArthakA dharma ho jaaygaa| hamAre sAtha usakA tAratamya nahIM ho skegaa| padArthako jAnaneko kSamatA hamAre bhItara sadA vidyamAna rahatI hai / para jJAnakI AvRta avasthAmeM hama mAdhyamake vinA padArthako nahIM jAna paate| hamAre jJAnAvaraNIya karmake kSayopazama, athavA kSaya dvArA jitanI kSamatA hameM prApta hotI hai usI kSamatAke / anusAra indriya aura mana dvArA padArthakA jJAna prApta karate haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki saMskAra jisa padArthako jAnane ke lie jJAnakA prerita karate haiM, taba zeya bhAta hote haiN| yaha jJAnakI utpatti nahIM, apitu pravRtti hai| udAharaNArtha yoM samajhA jA sakatA hai ki za khara gAnA manAhI patA huI aura banduka calAI bhI, yaha zaktiko utpatti nahIM, kintu usakA prayoga hai| isI prakAra mitrako dekhakara premakA umar3a AnA premako utpatti nahIM, usakA prayoga hai| yahI sthiti jJAnake sambandhameM bhI hai| ___ viSayake sAmane Anepara jJAtA use grahaNa kara letA hai| yaha pravRtti mAtra hai| jAnake AvaraNake kSayopazama yA kSayake anusAra jaisI kSamatA hotI hai, usIke anusAra vaha viSayoMko jAnane meM saphala hotA hai / vastutaH padArthoM ko grahaNa karanekI antaraMga kSamatA AvaraNake vilayanapara hI nirbhara hai| isIko kSayopazama yA kSayajanya antaraMgakSamatA kahA jAtA hai| isI kSamatAke kAraNa jJAnameM tAratamyakI utpatti hotI hai| alpajJakA jJAna indriya aura manake mAdhyamase jJeyako jAnatA hai| indriyoMko zakti sImita hai| ve apane-apane viSayoMko manake sAtha sambandha sthApita kara jAna sakatI haiN| manakA sambandha eka sAtha aneka indriyoMse nahIM hotA hai| 1. AdA NANapamANaM gANaM NeyapyamANamudiTTa / __NeyaM loyAloyaM tamhA gANaM tu savvagayaM // 410 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AmArya-paramparA -pravacanasAra gAthA 23.

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ataeva eka kAlameM eka padArthakI eka paryAya ho jAnI jA sakatI hai| ata: jJAnako jJeyAkAra mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yaha sImA AvRta jJAnakI hai, amAvatakI nhiiN| nirAvaraNa zAna to eka sAtha samasta padArthoko jAna sakatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jJAna svaparAvabhAsaka hai / isake mUlasa: do bheda hai:1) pUrNataH nirAvaraNa aura (2) aMzataH kSayopazamajanya tAratamyarUpa niraabrnn| AsmAke jJAnagaNako jJAnAvaraNakarma rokatA hai aura isake kSayopazamake tAratamyase jJAna prAdurbhUta hotA hai| yaha jJAna mana aura indriyoMke mAdhyamase padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / atIndriya zAnakI patA saMsArameM ananta padArtha haiM aura una ananta padArthoM kI ananta paryAe~ haiN| ataH kSayopazamajanya indriyajJAna eka kAlameM ananta padArtho meM ananta paryAyoM ko nahIM jAna sktaa| na vaha sUkSma, antarita aura dUravartI padArthoM ko hI grahaNa kara pAtA hai| para jo jAna samasta AvaraNake naSTa honese utpanna huA hai vaha atIndriyajJAna trikAlavartI samasta padArthIko jAnanevAlA hai / AtmAmeM ananta jJeyoMko jAnaneko zakti hai / ataH nirAvaraNajJAna eka hI kAlameM ananta zeyoMko jAna letA hai| vastutaH AtmA meM samasta padArthoM ke jAnanekA pUrNa sAmarthya hai / saMsArI avasthAmeM usake jJAnakA-zAnAvaraNase AvRta honeke kAraNa pUrNa prakAza nahIM ho pAtA, para jaba caitanyake pratibandhaka karmoM kA pUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai taba isa aprApyakArI jJAnako samasta padArtho ko jAnane meM kisI prakArakI bAdhA nahIM rahatI / yadi atIndriya padArthoMkA jJAna na ho sake to sUrya-candra Adi jyotigrahoMkI graha) Adi bhaviSya dazAoMkA upadeza kaise sambhava hogaa| jyotirmAnopadeza avisaMvAdI aura yathArtha dekhA jAtA hai| ataeba atIndriyajJAnako samasta padArtha aura unakI paryAyoMko grahaNa karanevAlA mAnanA hogaa| yoM to kevalajJAna hI AtmAkA svabhAva hai| yaha zAna jJAnAvaraNakarmase Avata rahatA hai aura AvaraNake kSayopazamake anusAra matijAna Adi utpanna hote haiN| jaba hama matijJAna AdikA svasaMvedana karate haiM, taba usa rUpase aMzI kevalajJAnakA bhI aMzataH svasaMvedana hotA hai / yathA parvatake eka aMzako dekhanepara bhI pUrNa parvatakA vyavahArataH pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai| isI prakAra matijJAnAdi avayavoMko dekhakara avayavIrUpa kevalajJAna-jJAnasAmAnyakA pratyakSa bhI svasaMvedanase hotA hai| yahA~ kevalajJAnako zAnasAmAnyarUpa mAnA gayA hai aura usakI siddhi svasaMvedana pratyakSadvArA kI gaI hai| saMkSepameM attondriyajJAnakI kSamatA trikAla aura trilokameM sthita samasta padArthoM ko jAnanekI hai / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 411

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zAma aura yakA sambandha jJAna aura zeyameM viSaya-viSayIbhAvakA saMbandha hai| jJAna svapara-prakAzaka hai| jisa prakAra apane hI kAraNase utpanna honevAle padArtha jJeya hote haiM; usI prakAra apane kAraNase utpanna honevAlA jJAna bhI svataH jJAnAtmaka hai| jJAnakA sAmAnyadharma apane svarUpako jAnate hae parapadArthoM ko jAnanA hai / ataH jJAna aura zeyameM viSaya-viSayIbhAvakA sambandha hai / yathArthataH -- (1) jJAna arthameM praviSTa nahIM hotA aura artha jJAnameM / (2) jJAna arthAkAra nahIM hai / (3) jJAna arthase utpanna nahIM hotaa| (4) jJAna artharUpa nahIM hai| pramAtA jJAnasvabhAva hotA hai, ataH vaha viSayA hai| adha jJayasvabhAva hotA hai, ataH vaha viSaya hai| donoM svatantra haiM to bhI jJAna meM arthako jAnaneko aura arthameM jJAnake dvArA jJAta kiye jAnekI kSamatA vidyamAna hai| yahI kSamatA donoMke kaJcit abhedakA hetu hai| caitanyake pradhAnarUpase tonakArya haiM:-(1) nAnA, (2) dekhanA aura ( nubhUti ra cakSu dvArA dekhA jAtA hai aura zeSa indriyoM evaM manake dvArA padArthoMko jAnA jAtA hai / darzanakA artha dekhanA hI nahIM hai apitu ekatA aura abhedako jJAnAnubhUtti hai| jo artha aura Alokako jJAnakI utpattimeM kAraNa mAnate haiM unakI yaha mAnyatA isIse nirAkRta ho ho jAtI hai| sadAkAratA, artha aura Alokake kAraNatyakA vicAra jJAnako padArthAphAra mAnanA tadAkAratA hai / isakA artha hai jJAnakA jJeyAkAra khnaa| para vastuta: amUrtika jJAna mRtika padArthake AkAra nahIM ho sktaa| jJAnake jJeyAkAra honakA abhiprAya yahI ho sakatA hai ki usa jJeyako jAnaneke lie jJAna apanA vyApAra kara rahA hai| kisI bhI zAnakI vaha avasthA, jisameM jJayakA pratibhAsa ho rahA hai, nizcita rUpase pramANa nahIM kahI jA sktii| sIpameM cA~dIkA pratibhAsa karAnevAlA jJAna yadyapi upayogako dRSTise padArthAkAra ho rahA hai, para pratibhAsake anusAra bAhmArthakI prApti na hone ke kAraNa use pramANakoTimeM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| ataeva jJAnako padAkAra mAnanA ucita nhiiN| 1. svahetujanito'pyarthaH parichedyaH svatA yathA / sathA jJAna bahetUtthaM paricchedAtmaka svtH||-lssiiysvy 59. 412 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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artha bhI jJAnotpattikA kAraNa nahIM hai kyoMki vaha jJAnakA viSaya hai| jo jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai vaha jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai, yathA andhakAra" / yahA~ andhakAra jJAnakA viSaya to hai kyoMki use sabhI jAnate haiM aura sabhI kahate hai ki andhakAra hai para vaha jJAnakA kAraNa nhiiN| yadi padArthoM ko jJAnakA kAraNa mAnA jAya to vidyamAna padArthoM kA hI jJAna hogaa| anutpanna aura vinaSTa hue padArtho kA nahIM / yataH naSTa aura anutpanna padArtha isa samaya vidyamAna nahIM haiN| ve jAnane meM kAraNa kaise ho sakate haiM ? isI prakAra Aloka bhI jJAnotpattikA kAraNa nahIM hai; kyoMki AlokakA jJAnotpatti ke sAtha anvayavyatirekasambandha nahIM hai| jo kArya jisa kAraNake sAtha anvaya aura vyatireka nahIM rakhatA vaha usakA kArya nahIM hotA / yathA kezameM honevAlA uDukakA jJAna arthake sAtha anvayavyatireka nahIM rakhatA / rAtrimeM vicaraNa karanevAle naktaMcara mArjAra Adiko Alokake abhAva meM bhI jJAna hotA hai / ataeva Aloka bhI jJAnotpattikA hetu nahIM hai / | jJAna aura artha meM tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hai kintu yogyatAlakSaNa sambandha hai / isa sambandhake kAraNa hI jJAna samakAlIna athavA bhinnakAlIna arthako grahaNa karatA hai / yaha anubhavagamya nahIM ki samasta jJAna apane AkArako hI jAnate haiM balki apane se bhinna padArthake abhimukha hokara hI ve padArthoM ko jAnate haiN| yaha laukika pratIti hai| lokavyabahArakA ullaGghana karanese padArtha kI vyavasthA sambhava nahIM hai| jJAna sAkAra bho nahIM hai; yahA~ sAkArase abhiprAya artha AkArako dhAraNa karane se hai, kyoMki nIla Adi AkAra jAnameM saMkrAnta nahIM hote / ye to jar3ake dharma haiN| jo jar3akA dharma hotA hai vaha jJAnameM saMkrAnta nahIM ho sakatA, yathA jar3atA / yadi jJAnako sAkAra mAnA jAya to athake sAtha jJAnakA pUrI taraha sArUpya hai athavA ekadezase ? pUrI taraha se sArUpya bhAnanepara artha kI taraha jJAna bhI jar3a ho jAyagA aura jJAnarUpa na rahakara prameyarUpa ho jAyagA / ekadeza sArUpya mAnanese caitanya jJAna dvArA arthakA jar3atA kI pratIti nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki jJAna jar3AkAra nahIM hai aura jo jisake AkAra nahIM hotA vaha usako grahya nahIM kara pAtA / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki AkAra jJAnase bhinna hai athavA abhinna ? yadi bhinna hai to jAna nirAkAra hI rahegA aura abhinna hai to jAna aura AkAra meM se koI eka ho zeSa rahegA / 1. vAryAlAMkI kAraNaM paricchedyatvAttasobAt // nanu vAhyAlIkA bhAva vihAya tamaso'yasthAbhAvAt sAkilo dRSTAntaH iti ? -- prameyaratnamAlA 206 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 413

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ataeva jJAna aura AkArako kathaJcit bhitrAbhinna mAnanA hogaa| saMkSepameM jJAnako utpattimeM artha aura Aloka hetu nahIM haiM / AtmAmeM jAnaneko kSamatA hai aura yaha kSamatA AvAraka kabhI ke kSayopazabhapara nirbhara haiM / jisa pastuviSayI bhAnakA AvaraNa dUra ho jAtA hai, AtmA use bAharI artha, Aloka Adi kAraNoMke vinA tathA tadutpati aura tadAkAratAke binA hI svataH jAnane lagatI hai| ataH jJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya koMke kSayopazamarUpa yogyatA hI pratiniyata viSayakA niyAmaka hai| zAna aura anubhUti sparzana, rasanA aura ghANa ye tIna indriyA~ bhogI haiM aura cakSu aura zrotra kAmI haiM | kAmI indriyoM ke dvArA viSaya jAnA jAtA hai / usako anubhUti nahIM hotii| bhogI indriyoM ke dvArA anubhati aura jJAna donoM hote haiM / indriyoMke dvArA hama bAharI vastuoMko jAnate haiN| jAnanekI yaha prakriyA sabako eka-sI nahIM hotI / cakSukI jJAnazakti zeSa indriyoMse adhika paTu hotI hai| protrakI zAnazakti cakSuse kama hai aura zeSa tIna indriyoMse adhika hai / bAhya-jagatakI jAnakArI indriyoMke mAdhyamase hotI hai aura isa jAnakArIkA saMvardhana manase hotA hai| pratyeka indriya apane-apane viSayako kSayopazamarUpa yogyatA dvArA jAnatI hai aura indriya dvArA prApta jJAnakA vistAra mana dvArA hotA hai / indriyAM sparza, rasa, gaMdha, rUpa aura zabdako grahaNa karatI haiN| unake grahaNa karaneko zakti nimnalikhita tathyoMpara AdhArita hai : (1) nirvRtti-dravya-indriya, paudgalika racanA / (2) upakaraNa-zarIrAdhiSThAna indriya 1 (3) labdhi-bhAva-indriya / (4) upayoga-AtmAdhiSThAna / jisase jJAna aura darzanakA lAbha ho sake yA jisase AtmAke astitvakI sUcanA prApta ho jaise indriya kahate haiN| ina indriyoMke dravya aura bhAvarUpase dodo bheda haiM / indriyAkAra pudgala aura Atma-pradezoMkI racanA dravyendriya hai aura kSayopazamavizeSase honevAlA AtmAkA zAnadarzanarUpa pariNAma bhAva-indriya hai| dravya-indriyake do bheda haiM-nirvRtti aura upakaraNa / nirvRttikA artha racanA hai arthAt indriyAkAra racanA honA nirvRtti hai / yaha bAhya evaM Abhyantarake bhedase do prakArako hai / bAhya nirvRttise indriyAkAra pudgala racanA aura Abhyantara nirvRttise indriyAkAra Atma-pradeza grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| yadyapi pratiniyata indriya414 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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sambandhI jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karmakA kSayopazama sarvAGga hotA hai, to bhI AGgopAla nAmakarmake udayase jahA~ pudgalapracyarUpa jisa dravyendriyakI racanA hotI hai vahIMke AtmapradezoMmeM usa indriyake kArya karanekI kSamatA rahatI hai| upakaraNakA artha he upakArakA prayojaka sAdhana / yaha mI bAhya evaM Abhyantarake bhedase do prakArakA hai| netra indriyameM kRSNa evaM zukla bhaNDala Abhyantara upakaraNa hai aura akSipatra Adi bAsa upAraNa haiM : nitti aura pakAye donoM hI dravyendriyake antargata haiM / bdhi aura upayoga bhAva indriyake bheda haiM / matijJAnAvaraNa, cakSudarzanAvaraNa aura acakSadarzanAvaraNakA kSayopazama hokara jo AtmA meM jJAna aura darzanarUpa zakti utpanna hotI hai, vaha labdhi indriya hai| yaha AtmAke samasta pradezoMmeM pAI jAtI hai| kyoMki kSayopazama sarvAta hotA hai labdhi, nitti aura upakaraNa ina tInoMke honepara jo viSayoM meM pravRtti hotI hai vaha upayogendriya hai| vastutaH upayoga jJAnazaktike vyApArakA nAma hai| pratyeka indriyameM jJAnake hetu nimnalikhita cAra bAteM haiM : (1) indriyAkAra pudgaloMkI racanA / (2) indriyako grAhakazakti / (8) indriyako jnyaanshkti| (4) indriyako jJAnazaktikA vyApAra / udAharaNArtha yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki cakSukA AkAra hue vinA rUpadarzana nahIM hotaa| upakaraNake abhAva meM cakSukA AkAra Thoka rahanepara bhI grAhakazaktike na honese rUpa-darzana nahIM hotaa| jJAnazaktike abhAvameM AkAra aura grAhaka zaktike hote hue bhI tatkAla mRta vyaktiko rUpa-darzana nahIM hotA hai / ataeva padArthoke jAnane ke hetu indriyoMkA zakti sampanna honA Avazyaka hai / indriyaprAptikA krama ___ indriyoM kA vikAsa sabhI prANiyoMmeM samAna nahIM hotA hai| jisa prANIke zarIrameM jitanI indriyoMkA adhiSThAna AkAra sRjana hotA hai, vaha prANI utanI hI indriyoMvAlA mAnA jAtA hai| AkAra-vaiSamyakA AdhAra labdhikA vikAsa hai / jisa jIvake jitanI jJAnazaktiyA~-labdhi-indriyA~ nirAvaraNa vikasita hotI haiM, usa jIvake uttanI ho indriyoMkI AkRtiyAM nirmita hotI haiN| jo jIva jisa jAtimeM utpanna hotA hai, usake usa jAtike anukUla indriyA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 415

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varaNakA kSayopazama hotA hai aura usI jAtike aGgopAGgakA udaya hotA hai / phalasvarUpa pratyeka saMsArI jIvake dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya eka samAna pAyI jAtI haiN| ekendriyajIvake eka sparzana indriya; haundriyajIvake sparzana aura rasanA indriya; zrIndriyajIvake sparzana, rasanA aura ghrANa indriya; caturindriyajIvake sparzana, rasanA, dhrANa, aura cakSa evaM paJcendriyajIvake sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa cakSa aura zrotra ye pAMca indriyA~ hotI haiN| ye pAMcI indriyA kSAghAMpazAmaka haiM, ataH inakA viSaya mUrta padArtha hI hai| sparzana indriya sparzako viSaya karatI hai; rasanA indriya rasako prANa indriya gandhako; cakSarindriya rUpako aura zrotraindriya zabdako viSaya karatI hai / __indriyoMkI zakti pRthak pRthaka hone se ve pRthak-pRthaka rUpase viSayoMko jAnatI haiM, ata: eka indriyakA viSaya dusarI indriyame saMkrAnta nahIM hotaa| indriyoM ke ina pAMcoM viSayoM meMse sparza Adi cAra guNaparyAya haiM aura zabda vyaMjana dravya paryAya / __yoM to pratyeka pudgala meM sparzAdika sabhI guNa pAye jAte haiM, para jo paryAya abhivyakta hotI hai, usIko indriya grahaNa karatI hai| saMkSepameM indriyA~ manake sahayogase padArthoMko jAnatI haiM | mana samasta indriyoMke sAtha yugapat sambandhita nahIM hotaa| eka kAlameM eka indriyake sAtha hI sambandha karatA hai| AtmA upayogamaya hai, vaha jisa samaya jisa indriyake sAtha manoyoga kara jisa vastumeM upayoga lagAtI hai, taba vaha tanmaya ho jAtI hai| ataH yugapat indriyadvayakA upayoga nahIM hotaa| dekhanA, cakhanA aura sUMghanA bhinna-bhinna kriyAga hai| inake sAtha manakI gati eka sAtha nahIM hotii| manako jJAnazakti tIvra hotI hai, ataH usakA krama jAnA nahIM jAtA | yugapat sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka bastukA jJAna to saMbhava hai, para do upayoga eka kAlameM eka sAtha nahIM hote| mana : svarUpa evaM kArya ____ manana karanA mana hai athavA jisake dvArA manana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mana hai| ise anindriya bhI kahate haiN| jisa prakAra pAMcoM indriyoMkA viSaya niyamita hai, usa prakAra ganakA viSaya niyamita nahIM hai / vaha vartamAnake samAna atIta aura bhaviSyake viSayako bhI jAnatA hai / atItakI ghaTanAoM kA smaraNa bhI mana dvArA hotA hai, ataH manakA viSaya mUtaM aura amUrta donoM prakArake padArtho ko jAnanA hai / __mukhyarUpase manakA kArya cintana karanA hai| vaha indriyoMke dvArA gRhIta vastuoMke sambandha meM to socatA hI hai, para isase Age bhI socatA hai / indriyajJAnakA pravartaka honepara bhI manako sarvatra indriyajJAnakI apekSA nahIM hotii| 416 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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yaha indriyadvArA jJAta rUpa rasa AdikA vizeSa paryAlocana karatA hai / indriyoMkI gati padArtha taka hai, para manakI gati padArtha aura indriya donoM taka hai / manake do bheda haiM: - ( 1 ) dravyamana aura (2) bhAvamana / hRdayasthAnameM aSTapAMkhur3Ike kamalake AkArarUpa pudgaloMko racanAvizeSa dravyamana hai" / saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka pariNAma tathA vicAra, cintana AdirUpa jJAnakI avasthA vizeSa bhAvamana hai / dravyamana pudgala vipAkI nAmakarmake udayase hotA hai / rUpAdi yukta honeke kAraNa dravyamana pudgaladravyakI paryAya hai| bhAvamana jJAnasvarUpa hai| yaha vIryAntarAya aura noindriyAvaraNa karmake dAyakI apekSA Atmavizuddhi hai| sabdhi aura upayogalakSaNayukta hai| indriyoMkA samasta vyApAra manake adhIna hai / mana jisa-jisa indriyakI sahAyatA karatA hai, usI usI indriyake dvArA kramazaH jJAna aura kriyA hotI hai / manako kathaMcit avasthAyI aura kathaMcit anavasthAyI mAnA jAtA hai / dravyAdhikanayase avasthAyI aura paryAyArthikanaya se anavasthAyA hai / janmase bharaNa paryanta jIvakA kSayopazamarUpa sAmAnya bhAvamana tathA kamalAkAra dravyamana jyoMrahate haiM, ataH avasthAyI haiM aura pratyeka upayogake sAtha vivakSita AtmapradezoM meM hI bhAvamanakI nirvRtti hotI hai tathA usa dravyamanako manapanA prApta hotA hai, jo upayogake anantara eka samayameM ho naSTa ho jAtA hai, ataH ve donoM anavasthAyI haiM / zarIra aura manakA sambandha zarIrapara manakA prabhAva par3atA hai| AtmA arUpI hai, ise hama dekha nahIM sakate / zarIrameM AtmAkI kriyAoMkI abhivyakti hotI hai / udAharaNArtha AtmAko vidyut aura zarIrako basva mAna sakate haiN| jJAnazakti AtmAkA guNa hai aura usake sAdhana zarIrake avayava haiM / tathya yaha hai ki saMsArI AtmAoMkI zaktikA upayoga pudgaloMkI sahAyatA ke binA nahIM hotA / hamArA mAnasa cintanameM pravRtta hotA hai aura use paugalika manake dvArA pudgaloMko grahaNa karanA hI par3atA hai, anyathA usakI pravRtti nahIM hotI / hamAre cintanameM jisa prakAra ke iSTra aniSTa bhAva Ate haiM, 1. hidi hodi humaNaM viyasiya anucchadArabiMda vA aMgovaM gudayAdo maNavagaNa saMghado niyamA / gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 442. 2. vIryAntarAya manoindriyAvaraNakSayopazamApekSayAtmano vizuddhirbhAvamanaH / --- savArthasiddhi 2111 pR0 170. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 417 27

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usI prakArake iSTa thA aniSTa pudgaloMko dravyamana grahaNa karatA calatA hai| manarUpameM pariNata hue aniSTa pudgaloMse zarIrako hAni hotI hai aura manarUpameM pariNata iSTa pudgaloMse zarIrako lAbha pahu~catA hai / isa prakAra zarIrapara manakA prabhAva siddha hotA hai / yaha dhyAtavya hai ki manakA zArIrika zAnatantuke kendroMke sAtha nimittanaimittika-sambandha hai / jabataka jJAnatantu praur3ha nahIM hote, tabataka pUrA bauddhika vikAsa nahIM hotA hai / vastuoMkI zAnaprAptike lie mana aura zarIra ina donoMkA praur3ha honA Avazyaka hai / saMkSepameM jJAnotpattike pramukha do sAdhana hai:-(1) indriya aura (2) mana | sagnikarSa-vicAra ___ arthakA jJAna karAnemeM indriya aura padArthakA sannikarSa kAraNa nahIM hai / jo jJAnotpattikI yaha prakriyA mAnate haiM ki AtmA manase sambandha karatI hai, mana indriyase aura indriya arthase, vaha samIcIna nahIM hai / yataH bastukA jJAna karAne meM sannikarSa sAMdhakatama nahIM hai / jisake honepara jJAna ho aura nahIM honepara na ho, vaha usameM sAdhakatama mAnA jAsA hai, para sannikarSameM yaha bAta ghaTita nahIM hotii| kahIM-kahIM sannikarSake honepara bhI jJAna nahIM hotaa| ghaTakI taraha akAza Adive. sAya cakSukA saMyoga rahatA hai, phira bhI AkAzakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| ata: jo jahA~ binA kiso vyavadhAnake kArya karatA hai, vahI vahAM sAdhakatama hotA hai| yathA-gharameM sthita padArthoMko prakAzita karane meM dIpaka / jJAna hI eka aisA hetu hai, jo binA kisI vyavadhAnake apane viSayako jAnatA hai| ataH jJAnotpattimeM kSayopazamajanya zakti hI kAraNa hai, sannikarSa nahIM / yathArthataH jJAtAko arthako grahaNa kara sakaneko zakti yA yogyatA hI vastukA jJAna karAne meM sAdhakatama hai aura yaha yogyatA 'sva' aura 'artha' ko grahaNa karaneko zaktikA nAma hai| jJAnakI utpatti tabhI hotI hai, jaba jJAtAma usa arthako grahaNa karanekI zakti rahatI hai| ataeva zaktirUpa yogyatA jJAnotpattimeM sAdhakatama hai aura jJAna 'sva' tathA 'artha' kI paricchitti karAnameM sAdhakasama hai| yaha mAnyatA bhI sadoSa hai ki indriya jisa padArthasa sambandha nahIM karatI, use nahIM jAnatI, kyoMki vaha kAraka hai, yathA bar3haIkA vasulA lakar3ose dUra rahakara apanA kAma nahIM krtaa| sabhI jAnate haiM ki sparzana indriya padArthako chUkara hI jAnatI hai, vinA sparza kiye nhiiN| yaha siddhAnta samasta indriyAMke 418 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AnArya-paramparA

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viSaya meM bhI caritArtha hai / para vicAra karanese jJAta hotA hai ki rUpAdi guNa amUrta honese indriyoMke sAtha unakA sannikarSa saMbhava nahIM hai / yataH cakSu indriya padArthakA sparza kiye binA bhI rUpako grahaNa kara letI hai / cakSukA prApyakAritva-vimarza indriyoMmeM cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI haiM / arthAt ye padArthoMko prApta kiye binA hI dUrase ho jJAna prApta kara lete haiN| sparzana, ramanA aura ghrANa ye tIna indriya padArthoMse sambaddha hokara unheM jAnatI haiN| kAna zabdako spaSTa honepara sunatA hai| sparzanAdi indriya padArthoMke sambandhakAlameM unase spaSTa aura baddha hotI haiM / yahA~ baddhakA artha indriyoMkI alpakAlika vikArapariNati hai | udAharaNa ke liye kahA jA sakatA hai ki atyanta zIta jalameM hAthake DubAnepara kucha samaya pazcAt hAtha aisA ThiThura jAtA hai ki usase dUsarA sparza zIghra gRhIta nahIM hotA 1 isI prakAra kisI tIkSNa padArthake khA lenepara rasanA bhI vikRta ho jAtI hai, para zravaNase kisI bhI prakAra ke zabda sunera aisA koI rikAra prApta nahIM hotA / cakSu indriyako kucha vicAraka prApyakArI mAnate haiM / unakA abhimata hai ki cakSu taijasa padArtha hai / ataH usameMse kiraNeM nikalakara padArthoMse sambandha karatI hai aura taba cakSuke dvArA padArthakA jJAna hotA hai / cakSu padArthake rUpa, rasa, gaMdha Adi guNoMmeMse kevala rUpako hI prakAzita karatI hai / ataH cakSu tejasa hai / mana vyApaka AtmAse saMyukta hotA hai aura AtmA jagatake samasta padArthoMse saMyukta hai / ataH mana kisI bhI bAhya vastuko saMyuktasaMyoga Adi sambandhose jAnatA hai / mana apane sukhakA sAkSAtkAra saMyuktasamavAya sambandhase karatA hai / mana mAse saMyukta hai aura AtmA meM sukhakA samavAya hai / ataH cakSu aura mana donoM prApyakArI haiN| uparyukta tarka vicAra karanepara sadoSa pratIta hotA hai / yadi cakSu padArthakA sparza kara padArthako jAnatI hotI, to A~khameM lage hue aMjanako bhI jAna letI / kintu darpaNa meM dekhe binA aMjanakA jJAna nahIM hotA / ataH vaha aprApyakArA hai / kSuko prApyakArI siddha karaneke liye jo yaha kahA jAtA hai ki cakSu DhakI huI vastuko nahIM dekha sakatI, ataH prApyakArI hai, yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai / kA~ca, abhraka aura sphaTikase Dhake hue padArthoMko bhI cakSu dekha letI hai| cumbaka dUrase hI loheko khIMca letA hai, phira bhI yaha kisI cIjase AcchAdita hue loheko nahIM khIMca pAtA hai / ataeva jo DhakI huI vastuko grahaNa na kara sake, vaha prApyakArI hai, aisA niyama banAnA sadoSa hai / atikara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 499

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cakSuko tejodravya mAnanA bhI pratItiviruddha hai / yataH tejodravya svatantra dravya nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sejodravyamaiM uSNa sparza aura bhAsvara rUpa avazya pAye jAte haiN| para cakSu meM uSNa sparza aura bhAsvara rUpa nahIM haiN| aisA tejo dravya to sambhava hai, jisameM uSNa sparza prakaTa nahIM rahatA, kintu bhAsvara rUpa rahatA hai| jaise dIpakakI prbhaa| aura aisA bhI taijasa dravya dekhA jAtA hai, jisameM uSNa sparza rahatA hai, kintu bhAsvaratA nahIM rahatI, yathA garma jala / kintu aisA taijasa dravya nahIM dekhA jAtA hai, jisameM rUpa aura sparza donoM hI prakaTa na ho| ataeva cakSako na to taijasa dravya hI mAnA jA sakatA hai aura na usase nikalanevAlI kiraNoMkI hI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| naktaMcara-mArakA udAharaNa bhI doSapUrNa hai| yataH mArjArakI A~khoMmeM kiraNeM honase samasta prANiyoMkI A~khoMmeM kiraNeM rahanekA niyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai / __cakSuko prAdhyakArI mAnanepara padArthameM dUra aura nikaTa vyavahAra sambhava nahIM hai / isI prakAra saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna bhI utpanna nahIM ho skeNge| vastuta: A~kha eka kaimarA hai, jisameM padArthoM ko kiraNeM pratibimbita hotI haiM / kiraNoMke pratibimba par3anese jJAnatantu ubuddha hote haiM aura cakSu una padAryoko dekha letI hai / cakSu meM par3e hue pratibimbakA kArya kevala cetanAko udbuddha karanA hai| ataeva caitanya manakI preraNAse nakSa yogya dezameM sthita padArthako hI jAnatI hai, apane meM par3e hue pratibimbako nahIM / padArthoMke pratibimba par3ane kI kriyA kevala svicako dabAnekI kriyAke tulya hai| ataH cakSu aprApyakArI hai| yaha apane pradezoMmeM sthita rahakara manoyogakI sahAyatAse padArthoM ke rUpakA avalokana karatI hai / cakSuko prApyakArI mAnanA anubhava aura tarka donoMke viruddha hai| dhotrakA aprApyakArisva-vimarza katipaya dArzanika cakSuke samAna zrotrako bhI aprApyakArI mAnate haiM / unakA abhimata hai ki zabda bhI dUrase hI sunA jAtA hai / yadi zrotra prApyakArI hotA, to zabdameM dura aura nikaTa vyavahAra sambhava nahIM honA cAhiye thA / kintu jaba hama kAnameM ghuse hue maccharake zabdako suna lete haiM, to use aprApyakArI kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? prApyakArI prANa indriyake viSayabhUta gandhameM bhI kamalakI gandha dUra hai, mAlatIko gandha pAsa hai, ityAdi vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai / yadi cakSake samAna zrotra bhI aprApyakArI hotA, to jaise rUpameM dizA aura dezakA saMzaya nahIM rahatA, usI prakAra zabdameM bhA nahIM honA cAhiye thaa| kintu zabdameM yaha kisa dizAse AyA hai, isa prakAra kA saMzaya dekhA jAtA hai| ataH 420 : sIjharthara mahAvIra aura unakI AmArya-paramparA

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zrotra prApyakArI hai| jaba zabda vAtAvaraNameM utpanna hotA hai, to kAke bhotara pahuMcatA hai, taba sunAyI par3atA hai| vastusaH dhotra spaSTa zabdako sunatA hai, aspRSTa zabdako bhI sunatA hai| netra aspaSTa rUpako bhI dekhatA hai| brANa, rasanA aura sparzana indriyoM mazaH spRSTa aura aspRSTa gandha, rasa aura sparzako jAnatto haiM / ' jJAnake bheda sAmAnyataH jJAnake do bheda hai:-(1) samyagjJAna aura (2) kujJAna / jJAna AtmAkA vizeSa guNa hai, yaha AtmAse pRthaka upalabdha nahIM hotaa| jisa jJAna dvArA pratibhAsita padArtha yathArtha rUpameM upalabdha ho, use sumyagjJAna kahate haiN| vastuta: jisa-jisa rUpameM jIvAdi padArtha avasthita haiM, usa-usa rUpa meM unako jAnanA samyagjJAna hai| samyak padase saMzaya, viparyaya, agadhyavasAyako nirAkRti ho jAtI hai / yataH ye gAna samyaka nahIM hai| samyagjJAnakA saMbaMdha AtmotyAnake sAtha hai / jisa jAnakA upayoga Arama-vikAsake liye kiyA jAtA hai aura jo parapadArthose pRthaka kara AtmAkA bodha karAtA hai, vaha samyagjJAna hai / samyagjJAnake pA~ca bheda hai: (1) matijJAna-indriya aura manake dvArA yathAyogya padArthoko jaannevaalaa| (2) zrutazAna-zrutajJAnAvaraNakarmake kSayopazama honepara, mana evaM indriyoMke dvArA adhigama / (3) avadhijJAna-parimita rUpI padArthako indriyoMkI sahAyatAke binA jAnanevAlA / (4) manaHparyayajJAna-parake manameM sthita padArthoMko jAnanevAlA / (5) kevalajJAna-samasta padArthoko avagata karanevAlA jJAna 1 kuzAna tIna hai:-(1) kumati, (2) kuzruta aura (3) kuavadhi / mAna aura pramANa-vimarza yathArtha jJAna pramANa hai| jJAna aura pramANa meM vyApya-vyApaka sambandha hai| zAna vyApaka hai aura pramANa vyApya | jJAna yathArtha aura ayathArtha donoM prakArakA hotA hai / samyak nirNAyaka zana yathArtha hotA hai / saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya Adi ayathArtha jJAna haiM / ataeva ye pramANabhUta nahIM haiN| 1. puDhe surgedi saI apuTuM va passade hoN| gaMdha rasa ca phAsaM paTumapaTTa biyANAdi / -sarthisiddhi 1-19 utta. tIrthakara mahAgIra aura unakI devAmA : 421

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pramAkA karaNa pramANa hai aura jo vastu jaisI hai, usako usI rUpameM jAnanA pramA hai| karaNakA artha sApakasama hai| eka arthako siddhi meM aneka sahayogI hote haiM, kintu sabhI karaNa nahIM kahalAte haiM / phalakI siddhimeM jisakA vyApAra adhyavAhita hotA hai, vahI karaNa kahalAtA hai| yathA---likhanemeM kalama aura hAtha donoM calate haiM, kintu karaNa kalama hI kahalAtI hai, hAya nhiiN| kyoMki likhanekA nikaTatama sambandha lekhanIse hai| hAthakA sambandha nikaTatama nahIM hai| vyAkaraNakI bhASAmeM hAthako sAdhaka aura lekhanIko sAdhakatama kahA jA sakatA hai| pramANake isa lakSaNameM sAmAnyataH koI vipratipatti nahIM hai / vipratipattikA viSaya to kevala 'karaNa' zabda hai| anya darzanoM meM karaNako mAnyatA vibhinna prakAra hai / bauddhadarzana sArUpya aura yogyatAko karaNa mAnatA hai, to naiyAyika darzana sannikarSa aura jJAnako / para yathArthameM zAna hI karaNa hai / vastuke jAnanerUpa vyApArake sAtha usakA nikaTakA sambandha hai| jhAna yA adhigamake sAdhanoMmeM pramANa aura nayakI gaNanA hai| pramANa samagra vastuko akhaNDarUpase grahaNa karatA hai aura naya khaNDarUpase / pramArUpa kriyA cetana hai / ataH usameM sAdhakatama usIkA guNa jJAna hI ho sakatA hai| yaha nirvivAda satya hai ki jAnanarUpa kriyAkA avyavahita karaNa jJAna ho hai / ataeva pratItikA karaNa cetanarUpa jJAna hI ho sakatA hai, anya jahAdi padArtha nahIM / jisa prakAra andhakArako nivRttimeM dIpaka hI mAdhakasama hai, telabattI aura dIyA Adi nhiiN| usI prakAra jAnanerUpa kriyAne sAdhakattama jJAna hai, jJAnako utpAdaka sAmagro avazya indriya aura mana Adi haiN| jJAnakA sAmAnya dharma hai apane svarUpako jAnate hue para-padArthako jAnanA / jJAna avasthAvizeSameM 'para' ko jAne yA na jAne, para apane svarUpako to vaha avazya jAnatA hai| jJAna pramANa ho, saMzaya ho, viparyaya ho yA anadhyavasAya ho, yaha bAhya arthameM visaMvAdI honepara bhI 'sva' svarUpako avazya jAnatA hai aura 'sva' svarUpake sambandhameM avisaMvAdI hotA hai| yadi jJAnako 'sva' svarUpakA jJAtA na mAnA jAya, to vaha 'para' arthakA bodhaka bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai / jo jJAna apane svarUpakA pratibhAsa karane meM asamartha hai, vaha parakA avabodhaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? 'sva' svarUpakI dRSTise to sabhI mAna pramANa haiN| pramANatA aura apramANatAkA vibhAga bAjha arthakI prApti aura aprAptise sambaddha hai| svarUpakI dRSTise to koI jJAna na pramANa hai aura na pramANAbhAsa / pramANasvarUpakA vikAsa pramANake svarUpakA vikAsa nirantara hotA rahA hai / ArambhameM AtmajJAnako 422 : tISakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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pramANa mAnA jAtA thaa| pazcAt sva-parAvabhAsI' jJAnako pramANa kahA jAne lgaa| vastutaH svaparAvabhAsI evaM bAdhArahita jJAna pramANa hai / isa lakSaNameM vyavasAyAtmaka, anadhigatArthaka aura avisaMvAdI padoMkA jor3anA bhI Avazyaka hai / jo jJAna anadhigata arthako jAnate hue visaMvAdase rahita nizcayAtmaka svaparAvamAso hotA hai, vaha pramANa haiM / __jJAna mAtra pramANa nahIM hai, kintu jo tattva-nirNaya karAnemeM sAdhakatama jJAna haiM, kahI pramANa hai / jo padArthakA nizcaya karAnevAlA jJAna hai, vaha pramANabhUta hai| jJAnakI pramANatAmeM koI anya kAraNa nahIM hotaa| kintu jo arthako samyaka nizcayAtmaka rUpase jAnatA hai, vaha jJAna pramANa hai| niSkarSa rUpameM 'sva' aura 'para' ko nizcayAtmaka rUpase grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna pramANa hai| pramANakI sAmAnya vyutpatti hai-'pramIyate yena tat pramANam' arthAt jisake dvArA padArthoMkA jJAna ho, usa dvArakA nAma pramANa hai| pramANabhUta jJAna ho upAdeya hai, kyoMki isIke dvArA ajJAnako nivRtti, iSTa vastukA grahaNa aura aniSTa vastukA tyAga hotA hai / prAmANya-vicAra pramANa jisa padArthako jisa rUpameM jAnatA hai, usakA usI rUpameM prApta honA, arthAt pratibhAta viSayakA avyabhicAro honA prAmANya kahalAtA hai| yaha pramANakA dharma hai / isakI utpatti unhIM kAraNoMse hotA hai, jina kAraNoMse pramANa jJAna utpanna hotA hai| prAmANya ho yA aprAmANya, unakI utpatti parataH hI mAnI jAtI hai| pramANako jJapti abhyAsadazAmeM svata: aura anabhyAsadazAmeM parataH hotA hai| jina sthAnoMkA hameM paricaya hai, una sthAnoMmeM rahanevAle jalAzamAdikA jJAna apane Apa apanI pramANatA yA apramANatAko prakaTa kara detA hai, kintu aparicita sthAnoM meM honevAle jalajJAnakI apramANatA yA pramAgatAkA jJAna panihAriyoMkA pAnI bharakara lAnA, meDhakoMkA TarAMnA yA kamalakI gandhakA AnA Adi jalake avinAbhAvI lakSaNoMkA jJAna parata:-pramANabhUta jJAnoMse hI hotA hai| pramANake prAmANyako utpatti parataH hI hogii| jina kAraNoMse pramANa 1. svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhUvi buddhi lakSaNam / -pR. sva0 63. 2. prAmANyamutpattI parata eva, viziSTakAraNaprabhavatvAdiziSTa kAryasyesi / .... manutpatto vijJAnakAraNAtiriktakAraNAntarasavyapekSatvamasiddha prAmANyasya, abitarasyavAbhAvAt / -prebhayaratnamAlA 1 / 13, pR. 30-31. tIrthakara mahAvIra kaura unako dezanA : 423

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yA apramANajJAna utpanna hogA, una kAraNoMse unakI pramANatA aura apramANatA utpanna hotI hai / pramANa aura pramANatAkI utpattimeM samayabheda nahIM hai / jJAnako utpanna karanevAle jo kAraNa haiM, unase bhinna kAraNose pramANatA utpanna hotI hai / yataH pramANa aura prAmANyakI utpattimeM dIpaka aura prakAzake samAna, samayabheda nahIM hai / jJapti aura pravRtti abhyAsadazA meM svataH aura anabhyAsadazAmeM parataH siddha hotI haiN'| paricita avasthAko abhyAsadazA aura aparicita avasthAko anabhyAsa dazA kahA jAtA hai| apane dike jalAzaya, natho, mAr3IyAdi paricita haiM, ata: unakI ora jAnepara jo jalajJAna utpanna hotA hai, usakI pramANatA svataH hotI hai| para anya paricita grAmAdika meM jAnepara 'yahA~ jala honA cAhie, isa prakAra jo jalajJAna utpanna hogA, vaha zItala vAyuke sparzase, kamaloko sugaMdhise, yA jala bharakara Ate hue vyaktiyoMke dekhane Adi para - nimitoMse hI hogaa| ataH usa jalajJAnakI pramANatA anabhyAsadazAmeM parataH mAnI jAyagI / utpattimeM parataH pramANatA kahanekA tAtparya yaha hai ki antaraMga - kAraNa jJAnAvaraNakarmakA kSayopazama honepara bhI bAhyakAraNa indriyAdikake nirdoSa hone para hI navIna pramANatArUpa kArya utpanna hotA hai, anyathA nahIM / ataeva utpatti meM parataH pramANatA svIkAra kI gayI hai / pramANa ke bheda pramANa ke do bheda haiM: - ( 1 ) pratyakSa aura ( 2 ) parokSa | Agamika paribhASA meM AtmamAtra sApekSa jJAnako pratyakSa aura jina jJAnoM meM indriya, mana aura prakAza Adi para sAdhanoM kI apekSA hotI hai, ve parokSa haiM / jitane paranimittaka pariNamana haiM, ve saba vyavahAramUlaka haiN| jo mAtra svajanya haiM, ve hI paramArtha haiM aura nizcaya ke viSaya haiM / pratyakSa zabda meM 'akSa' vicAraNIya hai / akSakA artha AtmA hai| batAyA hai ki akSa, vyApU aura jJA ye dhAtue~ ekArthaka haiN| ataH akSakA artha AtmA hotA hai| isa prakAra kSayopazamavAle yA AvaraNarahita kevala AtmAke prati jo niyata hai arthAt jo jJAna bAhya indriya Adiko apekSAse na hokara kevala kSayopazamavAle yA AvaraNa rahita AtmA se hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa jJAna kahalAtA hai / 1. viSayaparicchittilakSaNe pravRttilakSaNe vA svakArye abhyAsetara dazApekSayA kvacit svataH paratazceti nizcIyate / - pramevarasnamAlA 1 / 13, pu0 31. 2. jaM paravo viSNANaM taM tu parokta si bhagimasu / javi kevaleNa NAdaM harSAdi hi jIveNa paJcavaM // 424 : sIyaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA - pravacanasAra gAMdhA 58.

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indriyoMke nimittase honevAlA jJAna pratyakSa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai; kyoMki isa prakArake zAnase AtmAmeM sarvajJatA nahIM A sakatI hai| ataeva atIndriya jJAna paranirapekSa hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa hai| jo jJAna sarvathA svAvalambI hai, jisameM bAhya sAdhanoMkI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, vaha pratyakSa hai aura jisameM indriya, mana, Aloka AdikI AvazyakatA rahatI hai, vaha parokSa hai / " tarkakI dRSTise nirmala aura spaSTa zAnako pratyakSa kahA jA sakatA hai isakA anumAna yoM kara sakate haiM ki pratyakSaviSayaka jJAna vizadarUpa hai; kyoMki vaha pratyakSa hai| jo vizadajJAnAtmaka nahIM, vaha pratyakSa nahIM, yathA parokSa jJAna / yahA~ vizada yA nirmalakA artha dUsare jJAnake vyavadhAna se rahita aura vizeSatA se honevAlA pratibhAsa hai arthAt anya jJAnake vyavadhAna se rahita nirmala, spaSTa aura viziSTa jJAna vaizadya kahalAtA hai / pratyakSake do bheda haiM:-1. sAMvyavahArika aura 2. pAramArthika | pA~ca jJAnoMmeMse indriya aura anindriyakI apekSA mati aura zrutajJAnako pahA jAtA hai| evaM kevala pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai| tarkakI dRSTise indriya aura manake nimittase utpanna AMzika vizada jJAna bhI pratyakSa hai / ataeva loka vyavahArakA nirvAha karaneke hetu sAMvyavahArika pratyakSakI bhI kalpanA kI gaI hai| saMkSepameM pramANake bheda mUlataH pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do hai aura pratyakSa sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika ye do bheda haiM / parokSa pramANake smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ye pAMca bheda kiye gaye haiM / pratyakSa sAMvyavahArika i T avagraha IhA acAya dhAraNA pramANa S T pAramArthika parokSa avadhi mana:paryaya kevala } anumAna, smRti, pratyabhijJAna sarpha Agama 1. akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAtItyakSa AtmA / tameSa prAsakSayopazamaM prakSINAvaraNaM vA niyataM pratyakSam / - sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 12. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 425

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pratyakSa-parIkSapramANa : sAmAnya nirUpaNa purAtana mAnyatAmeM matijJAna aura zrutajJAnako parokSa evaM smati, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodhako mati jJAnakA paryAya kahA gayA hai / ataeva AgamakI zabdAvalI meM sAmAnyarUpase smRti, saMjJA---pratyabhijJAna, cintA-tarka, abhinibodha anumAna aura zruta--Agamako parokSa mAnane kA vidhAna hai| indriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA pratyakSa- kevala matijJAnako parokSa mAnane meM lokavirodha AtA hai, kyoMki indriyoM dvArA bhI vastuokA pratyakSa darzana hotA hai| ataH indriya aura manase gRhIta honevAle padArthoke jJAnako parokSa kisa prakAra kahA jAya? isa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetU mati, smati, cintA Adi jJAnoMko zabdayojanAke pahale sacyivahArika pratyakSa aura zabda-yojanAke pazcAta unhIM jJAnoMko zruta mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra matijJAnako parokSakI sImAmeM sammilita karanepara bhI usake eka aMzako sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai / jo jJAna apanI utpattimeM kisI dUsare jJAnako apekSA rakhatA ho, arthAt jisameM jJAnAntarakA vyavadhAna ho, vaha jJAna avizada hai| pAMca indriya aura manake vyApArase utpanna honevAla indriyapratyakSa aura anindriyapratyakSa anya kisI jJAnAntarako apekSA nahIM rakhaneke kAraNa aMzataH vizada honase pratyakSa haiM / jaba ki smaraNa apanI utpattimeM pUrvAnubhavako, pratyabhijJAna apanI utpattima smaraNa aura pratyakSakI tarpha apanI utpattimeM smaraNa, pratyakSa aura pratyabhijJAnakI; anumAna apanI utpattimeM liGgadarzana aura vyAptismaraNako tathA zrutajhAna apanI utpattimeM zabda-zravaNa aura saMketa-smaraNako apekSA rakhate haiN| ataeva smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, taka, anumAna aura Agama ye jJAna jhAnAntara sApekSa hone ke kAraNa avizada arthAt parokSa haiN| matijJAnake bheda IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA jJAna apano utpattimeM pUrva-pUrvakI pratItikI apekSA to rakhate haiM, para navona-navIna indriyavyApArase utpanna hote haiM aura eka hI padArthako vizeSa avasthAoMko grahaNa karate haiM ! ataH kisA bhinnaviSayaka jJAnase vyavahita nahIM hone ke kAraNa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hI haiN| eka hI jJAna bhinna-bhinna indriya-vyApAroMse avagraha Adi atizayoMko prApta karatA huA anubhavameM AtA hai| ataH jJAnAntarakA vyavadhAna nahIM Ane paataa| yahA~ nizcayAtmaka savikalpajJAna hI pramANarUpameM mAnya hai aura vizadajJAna pratyakSakoTike antargata hai| vizadasA aura nizcayapanA savikalpakajJAnakA dharma hai aura vaha zAnAvaraNake kSayopazamake anusAra usameM pAyA jAtA hai / vastutaH 426 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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anumAnAdikase adhika niyata deza; kAla aura AkAra rUpameM pracuratara vizeSoM ke pratibhAsanako vaizadha mAnA hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa mAnameM kisI anya zAnakI sahAyatA apekSita na ho, vaha jJAna vizada hai| jisa prakAra anumAna Adi zAna apanI utpattimeM hetu, vyApti-smaraNa Adiko apekSA rakhate haiM, usI prakAra pratyakSa apanI utpattimeM anya kisI zAnakI AvazyakatA nahIM rkhte|' sArAMza yaha hai ki jisa zAnameM abhya kisIkA vyavadhAna nahIM hai, vaha pratyakSa hai aura jisameM anyakA vyavadhAna pAyA jAtA hai use parokSa kahA jAtA hai| indriya aura manojanya jJAnako saMvyavahAra pratyakSa mAnA hai| lokavyavahArameM ise pratyakSa kahA bhI gayA hai| yoM to AdhyAtmika dRSTise ye sAna parokSa hI haiN| matijhAnake mati, smRti, saMjhA, cintA aura abhiniboSa ina paryAyoMkA nirdeza milatA hai| inameM masi indriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA jJAna hai| isakI utpattimeM zAnAntarakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, para smRti, saMjJA, cintA Adi zAnoM meM pUrvAnubhava, smaraNa, pratyakSa, livana evaM pAzi-marA Adi kA ntaroMkI apekSA rahatA hai| isI kAraNa inheM parokSa kahA jAtA hai| lokameM prasiddha indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSakA antarbhAva sAMvyavahArika pratyakSameM kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAdhyavahArika pratyakSa mAna AtmAmeM samAhita rahatA hai aura AtmApara karmakA AvaraNa pahA rahatA hai, jisase zAnakA spaSTa AbhAsa nahIM hotaa| karmakA AvaraNa jitane aMzameM haTatA jAtA hai, utane hI aMzameM jJAnakA prAdurbhAva hotA jAtA hai| yoM to AtmAkA samasta jJAna kabhI bhI bAta nahIM hotaa| yataH mAnake abhAvameM AtmAkA astitva hI siddha nahIM ho pAtA / ataeva AvaraNake kSayopazamAnusAra jJAnakI utpatti hotI hai| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSake bhI do bheda mAne jA sakate haiM:-1. indriya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura 2. anindriyasAvyavahArika pratyakSa / anindriyapratyakSa kevala manase utpanna hotA hai, para indriyapratyakSameM indriyoMke sAtha mana bhI kAraNa rahatA hai / indriyasAMvyavahArika pratyakSako cAra bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai:-1. avagraha, '2. IhA, 3. avAya aura 4.dhaarnnaa| 1. anumAnAdyatirekeNa vizeSapratibhAsanam / tad vaizadya mataM bujheravaMzadhamataH param / / -laSIyastraya, kArikA 4. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 427

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avagrahake paryAyavAcI graha, grahaNa, avalokana, avadhAraNa Adi haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki indriya viSayako grahaNa karaneke lie jaise hI pravRtta hotI hai, vaise hI sva-pratyaya hotA hai, jise darzana kahate haiM aura sadanantara viSayakA grahaNa hotA hai, jo avagraha kahalAtA hai / yathA-'yaha manuSya hai' yaha jJAna honA avagraha hai / yaha zAna itanA kSaNika aura nirbala hai ki isake pazcAt saMzaya utpanna ho sakatA hai / ataeva saMzayApanna avasthAko dUra karaneke lie yA vigata jJAnako vyavasthita karaneke lie jo Ihana-vicAraNA yA gaveSaNA hotI hai, vaha IhAzAna hai| 'maiMne jo dekhA hai vaha manuSya hI honA cAhie' aisA jJAna IhA hai| IhAke honepara bhI jAnA huA padArtha manuSya hI hai aisA avadhAna arthAt nirNayakA honA avAya hai / jAne hae pavArthako kAlAntarameM bhI nahIM bhUlanekI yogyatAkA utpanna ho jAnA hI dhAraNA hai / yaha dhAraNA hI smRti Adi zAnoMko jananI hai| avagrahake do bheda hai:-1. vyaMjanAvagraha aura 2, arthAvagraha / zabdAdi artha avyakta hote haiM, ve vyanjana kahalAte haiM / cakSu aura manakA viSaya avyakta nahIM hotaa| zeSa cAra indriyoMke viSaya vyakta yA abyakta donoM prakArake ho sakate haiN| cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI hai aura zeSa cAra indriyA~ prApyakArI aura aprApyakArI donoM prakArakI haiN| aprApta viSayako grahaNa karanA arthAvagraha hai aura prApta artha ke prathama grahaNako vyaJjanAvagraha kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra miTIke nutana kore ghar3epara pAmo kI do bAra baMda para baha gIlA nahIM hotA, kintu punaH punaH siJcana karanepara yaha avazya hI gIlA ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jabataka sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura zrotra indriyakA viSaya spaSTa hokara bhI avyakta rahatA hai, tabataka usakA vyaJjanAvagraha hI hotA hai, kintu usake vyakta honepara arthAvagraha hI hotA hai| saMkSepataH vyaktakA nAma arthAvagraha hai aura adhyakta grahaNakA nAma vyaMjanAvagraha hai| saMzayazAnake atirikta vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA yadi arthakA yathArtha nizcaya karAte haiM, to pramANa hai anyathA apramANa haiM / prAmANyakA artha hai jo bastu jaisI pratibhAsita hotI hai usakA uso rUpameM milmaa| _ matijJAnake avagraha, IhA avAya aura dhAraNA ye jJAna kramazaH utpanna hote haiN| iname yattikamakA honA sambhava nahIM / sAdhAraNataH avagraha Adi cAroM jJAnoMkA eka hI artha meM utpanna honA sambhava nahIM hai / koI jJAna avagraha hokara chUTa jAtA hai| kisI padArtha ke avagraha aura IhA, ye donoM hI hote haiN| kisIke avAyasahita tIna hote haiM aura kisI-kisI padArthake dhAraNAsahita cAroM ho jJAna pAye jAte haiN| kintu paripUrNa jJAna avAyake honepara hI mAnA jAtA hai| 428 : tIrthakara mahAbIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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masimAnake antargata cAra prakArako bukhiyoMko bhI gaNanA hai| ina budiyoMko azruta-niHsRta matijJAna kahA gayA hai| ye zikSA yA vidyA Avike dvArA prApta nahIM hotI aura na kisI zAstra yA vidyAkA anugamana hI karatI hai| prakArAntarase azruta-niHsRta jJAnako matijJAnakA pRSaka bheda na mAnakara IhA, avAya aura pAraNake antargata hI samAhita kiyA jAtA hai / isa zAnake cAra bheda haiM:-1. autpattika, 2. vainayika, 3. kArmika, aura 4, pAriNAmika / autpasika jisa buddhi dvArA azruta aura adRSTa padArthako pratIti sahajarUpameM saMbhava ho yaha matijAna autpAttika kahalAtA hai| udAharaNArtha batAyA jAtA hai ki ekabAra avantike nRpatine rohakase kahA ki tuma akele murgekI lar3AI dikhlaao| rohaka jamo vayaska nahIM thA, para usameM mospatiko bhUmi samAhita thI / ataeva usane eka murge ke samakSa eka darpaNa lAkara rakha diyaa| jaba margene darpaNameM apane pratibimbako dekhA, to usane samajhA ki sarpaNake bhItara dUsarA murgA baiThA huA hai / ataeva yaha darpaNameM apane pratibimbako dekha-dekhakara prativimbita kukkuTake sAtha yuddha karane lgaa| yahAM margakI anupasthiti aura pratibimbako upasthiti darzana hai / darzana ke anantara avagraha haA / yaha pratibimba kisa koTikA hai, yaha IhA aura darpaNameM sthita prativimbakA nizcaya avAya aura tadanantara dhAraNAkI utpatti hotI hai| vainayika . vaiyika buddhi dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSasaMbaMdhI puruSArthasa sambandha rakhatI hai| yaha kaThina se kaThina kAryako sampanna kara sakatI hai| isa buddhikI utpatti sevA aura namratAse hotI hai / jo sAdhaka vinaya aura zIlaguNa dvArA apanI labdhi aura upayogakA vikAsa kara letA hai use isa prakArake zAnakI upalabdhi hotI hai / isa buddhi dvArA IcchAzakti aura saMkalpakA vikAsa hotA hai| dIrya-antarAyakI utpattimeM bAdhA utpanna karanevAle karmapudgaloMkA vilaya ho jAtA hai| jo sAdhaka guru-zuzrUSA Adike dvArA isa prakArakI buddhika, vikAsa karatA hai, vaha adRSTa aura ananubhUta padArthoMkA jJAna prApta kara letA hai / kAmika yaha yaha buddhi hai jo karmake kSayopazamase utpanna cetanAke kAraNa satyako grahaNa karatI hai / yaha saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika donoM hI prakArake viSayoMko jAnatI hai / vastutaH isa prakArake zAnakA vikAsa vyAvahArika anubhavase hotA hai| zikSA yA vidyA isake vikAsameM adhika sahayogI nhiiN| jisa prakAra eka tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 429

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kuzala svarNakAra zuddha soleko aura nakalI soneko apane anubhavake balase tatkAla pahacAna letA hai, usI prakAra isa buddhikA vArI vyakti sasArake padArthoMkA jJAna prApta kara letA hai| pAriNAmika pAriNAmika buddhikA vaha aMza hai jo apane uddezyako anumAna tarka, upamAna, rUpaka Adike AdhArapara pUrNa karatA hai| vidyA, buddhi aura Ayuke vikAsake sAtha-sAtha isa buddhikA bhI vikAsa hotA hai| isakA vAstavika uddezya karmakAlimAko kSayakara nirvANa prApta karanA hai / matijJAna ke bheva prabheva matijJAnake 336 bheda mAne gaye haiM / avagraha Adi jJAna bahu, bahuvidha, kSitra, aniHsRta, anukta, dhruva, alpa, alpavidha, akSitra, niHsRta, ukta aura adhruva ina bAraha prakArake padArthoM ko grahaNa karate haiM / bahuta vastuoM ke grahaNa karaneko bahujJAna, bahuta tarahakI bahuta vastuoMko grahaNa karaneko bahuvidhajJAna; vastuke eka bhAgako dekhakara pUrI vastuko jAna lenA aniHsRtajJAna, binA kahe abhiprAyase hI jAna lenA anukazAna; bahuta kAla taka jaise kA taisA nizcala jJAna honA dhruvajJAna; alpakA athavA ekakA jJAna honA alvA kAkhI ta vastuoMkA jJAna honA ekavidhajJAna; zanaiH zanaiH vastuoMko jAnanA akSiprajJAna; sAmane vidyamAna pUrNa vastuko jAnanA niHsRtajJAna; kahanepara jAnanA uktajJAna evaM caJcala rUpameM padArthoMko avagata karanA adhruvajJAna hai| isa prakAra bAraha prakArake padArthoMke avagraha, bAraha prakArakI IhA, bAraha prakArakA avAya aura bheda bAraha prakArakI dhAraNA hotI hai| ye samasta bheda milakara 1244 = 48 hote haiM / inameMse pratyeka jJAna pA~ca indriya aura manake dvArA hotA hai / ataeva 48x6 = 288 arthAvagraha sahita matijJAnake bheda haiM ! aspaSTa padArtha avagrahako vyaMjanAbagraha aura spaSTa padArthake avagrahako arthAvagraha kahA jAtA hai| arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye jJAna sabhI indriyoMse utpanna hote haiN| para vyaMjanAvagraha cakSu aura manase utpanna nahIM hotA ! yataH cakSu aura mana padArthako dUrase hI grahaNa karate haiM, unase spRSTa hokara nahIM ! ataH vyaMjanAvagrah cAra hI indriyoMse hotA hai| isa prakAra vyaMjanAya grahake bahu Adi bAraha viSayoMko apekSA - 12x4 = 48 bheda haiM / ataeva matijJAnake kula 288 + 48 = 336 bheda hote hai / isa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSake antargata matijJAnakA vizeSa varNana nihita hai| 430 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya-paramparA

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zrutamAna zrutajJAna matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai / arthAt matizAnake nimittase zrutamAnako utpatti hotI hai| sarvaprathama pAMca indriya aura mana inamese kisI ekake nimittase kisI bhI vidyamAna vastukA matijJAna hotA hai| tadanansara isa matimAnapUrvaka usa zAta huI vastuke viSaya meM yA usake sambandhase anya vastuke viSayameM vizeSa cintana Arambha hotA hai, yaha zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| manakA viSaya zrasa hai aura zrasakA artha zabda saMketa Adike mAdhyamase honevAlA jJAna hai| manakA vyApAra arthAvagrahase Arambha hotA hai / vaha padatara hai ! padArthake saMbaMdha saMbaMdha hote hI padArthako jAna letA hai| ataeva ise vyaMjanAvagraha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai / indriyoMke sAtha manakA sambandha hotA hai aura mana zabda-saMketa Adike mAdhyamase zrutako grahaNa karatA hai| zabda kAna dvArA sunAI par3atA, para arthabodha mana dvArA hotA hai| gADIkA siganala DAuna ho-1, yaha cakSakA viSaya hai, para yaha kisa bAtakA saMketa karatA hai, ise cakSu nahIM jAnatI hai| usake saMketako samajhanA manakA kArya hai aura yahI zrutajJAnakA viSaya hai / vastuke sAmAnyarUpake grahaNake anantara jJAnavArAkA prAthamika alpa aMza anakSara jJAna hotA hai| usameM zabda-arthakA sambandha, pUrvAparakA anusaMdhAna vikalpa evaM vizeSa dhokA paryAlocana nahIM hotaa| IhAke pazcAt cintanakI prakriyA Arambha hotI hai aura yaha antarjalpAkAra jJAna hI zratajJAna hai| manomalaka avagrahake pazcAt honevAle IhAdi mamake hote haiN| mana matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoMkA sAdhana hai| yaha zruta zabdake mAdhyamase padArthako to jAnatA hI hai| sAtha hI zabdakA sahArA lie binA zuddha arthako bhI jAnatA hai / sAdhAraNata: adhiyI jAna indriya aura mana donoMko hotA hai| zabdAzrayI kevala manako hI hotA hai| ataH svatantrarUpameM 'zruta' manakA viSaya hai| jJAna do prakArakA hai:--(1) arthAzrayI aura (2) zrotrAzrayo / sAmAnya jalako dekhakara netroMse nikalanevAle pAnIkA jJAna hotA hai, yaha arthAzrayI mAna hai / 'pAnI' zabdake dvArA pAnI dravya'kA sAna hotA hai, yaha zrotrAzrayo jJAna hai / dhotrAzrayI aura arthAzrayI jJAna manako hotA rahatA hai, para indriyoMko arthAzrayI jJAna hI hotA hai| dAcya-vAcakake sambandhase honevAle jJAnakA nAma zrutajJAna hai / ise zabdajJAna yA AgamajJAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| yatakA manana yA cintanAtmaka jitanA bhI jJAna hotA hai usakI gaNanA zrutajJAnameM hai / zrutajJAnako matipUrvaka mAnA jAtA hai / ina donoMkA kArya kAraNa sambandha hai / matikAraNa hai aura zruta kArya tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 431

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hai| zrutajJAna zabda, saMketa aura smaraNase arthabodhaka hai| amuka zabdakA amuka saMketa hai, yaha jAnane ke pazcAt hI usa zabda ke dvArA hI usake joDa hotA hai / saMketako matijJAna jAnatA hai| usake avagrahAdi hote haiN| pazcAt zrutajJAna hotA hai| dravyazruta matijJAnakA kAraNa banatA hai, para bhAvazruta usakA kAraNa nahIM banatA, viSaya banatA hai| kAraNa taba kahA jAtA hai jaba zrutajJAna zabdake dvArA zrotrako usake arthako jAnakArI prApta karAye / zrutajJAnake akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka do meda haiN| aGgabAhya aura apraviSTa ye bhI zrutake do bheda hai / inameMse aGgabAhyake aneka bheda haiM aura aGgapraviSTake AcArAGga Adi bAraha bheda haiM / pAramArthika pratyakSa AtmamAtra sApekSa sAkSAt atIndriya jJAnako mukhya yA pAramArthika pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai / yaha pratyakSa sampUrNarUpase vizada hotA hai / yaha AtmAse utpanna hotA hai ! indriya aura manake vyApArakI isameM AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / isake do bheda haiM: -- (1) vikala pratyakSa aura ( 2 ) sakala pratyakSa | navavijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna vikala pratyakSa hai aura kevala pAna sakala pratyakSa / avadhijJAna avadhijJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAyake kSayopazamase utpanna honevAlA jJAna avadhijJAna hai / yaha pudgalAdirUpI dravyoMko hI viSaya karatA hai, AtmAdi arUpI dravyako nahIM / yaha pudgaladravya aura pudgaladravyase sambaddha jIvadravyakI katipaya maryAdAoM ko jAnatA hai; yataH saMsAro jIva karmoM se ba~dhA honese mUrtika jaisA hI ho rahA hai| avadhijJAnakI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI maryAdA nizcita hai / avadhijJAnake tIna bheda haiM: - (1) dezAvadhi, (2) paramAvadhi aura (3) sarvAvadhi / prakArAntarase avadhijJAnake do bheda haiM: - - ( 1 ) bhavapratyaya ora, (2) kSayopazamanimitta- guNapratyaya / bhavapratyaya avavijJAnakA kAraNa bhava - janma hI hai| devoM yA nArakiyoM meM janma lete hI avadhijJAnAvaraNa karmakA kSayopazama ho jAtA hai / yahA~ kSayopazama hone meM bhava ho mukhya kAraNa hai / isa sandarbha meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki samyagdRSTiyoM ke avadhijJAna hotA hai aura mithyAdRSTiyoMke kuavadhijJAna hotA hai / avadhijJAnAvaraNa karmakA kSayopazama jisameM nimitta rahatA hai, vaha kSayopazamanimittaka yA guNapratyaya avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / yoM to sabhI avadhijJAna kSayopazamake nimittase utpanna hote hai, phira bhI isa avavijJAnakA nAma kSayopazamanimittaka isalie rakhA hai ki isake hone meM kSayopazama hI pradhAna 432 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kAraNa hai, bhava nahIM / isIse ise guNa pratyaya bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha manuSya aura tiryacoMke utpanna hotA hai| isake chaH bheda hote haiM: - (1) anugAmI, (2) ananugAmI, (3) vardhamAna, (4) hIyamAna, (5) avasthita aura ( 6 ) anavasthita / jo avadhijJAna apane svAmI jIvake sAtha-sAtha jAtA hai, use anugAmo kahale haiN| isake bhI tIna bheda hai: - ( 1 ) kSetrAnugAmI, (2) bhavAnugAmI aura (3) ubhayAnugAmI / jisa jIvake jisa kSetrameM avadhijJAna utpanna huA hai, vaha jIva yadi dUsare kSetrameM jAya to usake sAtha avadhijJAna bhI jAya, chUTe nahIM, use kSetrAnugAmo kahate haiM / jo avadhijJAna paralokameM bhI jovake sAtha jAtA hai, vaha bhavAnugAmI evaM jo anya kSetra aura anya bhava - janmameM sAtha jAya, use ubhayAnugAmI kahate haiM / jo avadhijJAna utpattisthAna ke chor3a denepara sthita nahIM rahatA yA janmAntarameM sAtha nahIM jAtA, vaha ananugAmI hai| jo avadhijJAna utpattikAlameM alpa honepara bhI pariNAmoMkI vizuddhike kAraNa uttarottara vRddhiMgata hotA hai, vaha vardhamAna hai / saMkleza- pariNAmoMkI vRddhike kAraNa jo avadhijJAna utpattikAlase lekara uttarottara kSINa hotA jAtA hai, vaha hIyamAna avadhijJAna hai / jo avadhijJAna apane utpattikAlase lekara maraNaparyanta eka-sA banA rahatA hai, na ghaTatA hai aura na bar3hatA hai, vaha avasthita avadhijJAna hai / jalataraMgoMke samAna jo avazAna kabhI ghaTatA hai, kabhI bar3hatA hai aura kabhI avasthita rahatA hai, vaha anavasthita avadhijJAna hai / dezAvadhi kSayopazamanimittaka hone ke kAraNa manuSya aura tiryaJcoMke utpanna hotA hai| paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi caramazarIrI munike hI hote haiN| dezAvadhi pratipAtI hotA hai arthAt kevalajJAna utpanna honeke pahale chUTa jAtA hai, para sarvAvadhi aura paramAvadhi pratipAti nahIM hote / avadhijJAna sukSmarUpase eka paramANuko viSaya karatA hai / avadhijJAnakA viSaya dravyakI apekSA jaghanya -- mUrtimAna dravya / BAJ " ,, utkRSTa --- paramANu / kSetrakI apekSA jaghanya - eka aMgulakA asaMkhyAtatra bhAga | kSetrakI apekSA utkRSTa asaMkhya kSetra - asaMkhyAta lokapramANa | kAlakI apekSA jaghanya - eka AvalikA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga / utkRSTa -- asaMkhyakAla | 13 bhAvakI apekSA jaghanya - - anantabhava - paryAya / 28 13 utkRSTa -- anantaparyAyoMkara anantabhAga | tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 433

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manaHparyayamAna anya vyaktiyoMke manakI bAtoMko jAnanA manaHpayaMya hai| yaha mAna manake pravartaka yA uttejaka pudgaladravyoMko sAkSAt jAnanevAlA hai| cintaka jaisA socatA hai, usake anurUpa pudgaladravyoMkI AkRtiyAM--paryAya bana jAtI haiN| ye para-manasthitaparyAya manaHparyayajJAnake dvArA jAnI jAtI haiM ! vastutaH manaHparyayakA artha hai manakI paryAyoMkA jJAna / sArAMza yaha hai ki saMjJI-samanaska jIvoMke mana meM jitane vikalpa utpanna hote haiM, kAmApase de zAmeM adasthita rahate haiN| manaHparyayajJAna saMskArarUpase sthita manake inhIM vikalpoMko jAnatA hai| manaHparyayajJAnI pahale matijJAna dvArA anyake mAnasako grahaNa karatA hai aura tadanantara manaHparyayajJAnakI apane viSayameM pravRtti hotI hai| __ manaHparyayajJAnake do bheda hai:-(1) Rjumati aura (2) vipulamati / Rjumati sarala mana, vacana aura kAyase vicAra kiye gaye padArthako jAnatA hai; para vipulamati sarala aura kuTila donoM tarahase vicAre gaye padArthoMko jAnatA hai| yaha jJAna deva, manuSya aura tithaMca sabhIke manameM sthita vicArako avagata karatA hai, kintu vaha vicAra rUpIpadArtha athavA saMsArI jIvake viSayameM honA cAhie / Rjumati aura vipulamatimeM vizuddhi aura sukSmatAkI apekSA antara hai| Rjumati kevalajJAnakI prApti hone ke pahale chUTa jAtA hai, para vipulamati kebalajJAnako prAptiparyanta banA rahatA hai aura kevalajJAna honepara ho chUTatA hai / avadhijJAna aura manaHparyayajJAnameM vizuddhi, kSetra, svAmI aura viSayako apekSA antara hai| adhijJAna dvArA jJAta kiye gaye padArthake anantaveM bhAgako manaHparpayazAna jAnatA hai| manaHparyayajJAnakA viSaya avadhijJAnako apekSA manaHparya yajJAnakA viSaya atyanta sUkSma hai / 1. avaraM davya mudAliyasarIraNijiNNasamayapabaI tu / cavikhadiyaNijjaSNaM umakarasaM umavissa have // maNadalyavaragaNANamaNatimabhAgeNa ujugaukphassaM / laMchidametaM hodi ha viulamadissAvaraM damvaM / / aTTaha kammANaM samayapabaddhaM bivissasovacayaM / dhuvahAreNigivAra bhanide vidiyaM have danvaM / / -gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 450-452 tathA 453-458. 434 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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dravyApekSayA-manarUpameM pariNata paudgalika manovargaNAe~ pudgalaparamANukA anantavA bhAga / kSetrApekSayA-manuSyazetra-manuSyakSetrake bhItara sthita manuSyake manakI pryaayeN| kAlApekSayA-atIta, anAgata asaMkhyAtakAla sambandhI manakI paryAyeM / bhAvApekSayA-manovargaNAkI ananta avasthAeM / kevalajJAna AtmAmeM bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAnameM sthita samasta dravya aura unakI samasta paryAyoMko jAnanekI kSamatA hai; para AtmAkI yaha kSamatA jJAnAvaraNakarma dvArA AvRta rahatI hai| samasta jAlAvaragayAmake samUla nAza hoMgeyara prAdurbhUta honevAlA nirAvaraNajJAna kevalajJAna hai| yaha AtmamAtra sApekSa hotA hai / isa jAnake utpanna hote hI samasta zAyopamikajJAna vilIna ho jAte haiN| yaha samasta dravyoMkI trikAlavartI samasta paryAyoMko jAnatA hai| yaha pUrNataH nirmala aura atIndriyajJAna hai| jaba AtmA jJAnasvabhAva hai aura AvaraNake kAraNa isakA yaha jJAnasvabhAva khaNDa-khaNDa karake prakaTa hotA hai, taba saMpUrNa AvaraNake vilIna honese jJAnako apane pUrNarUpameM prakAzamAna honA cAhie / yathA agnikA svabhAva jalAnekA hai; yadi koI pratibandha na ho to agni Indhanako jalAyegI hii| isI prakAra jJAnasvabhAva AtmA pratibandhakoMke haTa jAnepara jagasake samasta padArtho ko jAnegI / jo padArtha kisI jJAnake zeya haiM, ve kisI-na-kisIke pratyakSa avazya hote haiM, yathA parvatIya agni / ' isa prakAra yuktidvArA bhI trikAlajJa kevalajJAnakI siddhi hotI hai / jise kevalajJAnakI prApti ho jAtI hai, vaha sarvajJa ho jAtA hai / yaha sarvajJatA mukhya, nirUpAdhika evaM niravadhi hai / parokSapramANa ____ avizada jJAnako parokSa kahA jAtA hai| jisa zAnameM zAnAntarakA vyavadhAna ho athavA jo indriya, mana, upadeza, prakAza Adiko sahAya sAse utpanna hotA ho, use parokSa kahate haiN| vastutaH jisa jJAnameM parakI apekSA rahatI hai, vaha 1. zo jaye kaSamazaH syAdasati pratibandhake / dAho'gnidAhako na sthAvasati pratibandhake / / --aSTasAhasrI, pa050 para udghata. 2. pravacanasAra-zAnAdhikAra gApA-46-51: aSTazatI-kArikA 114, jayapavalA prathama bhAga, pR. 66. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 435

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parokSa pramANa hai / parokSa jJAnake pA~ca prakAra hai: - ( 1 ) smaraNa, (2) pratyabhijJAna, (3) tarka, (4) anumAna aura (5) Agama | smRti yA smaraNa saMskArakA udbodha honepara smRti utpanna hotI hai / dhAraNArUpa saMskArako prakaTatA ke nimitta se honevAle aura 'vaha' isa prakArake AkAravAle jJAnako smRti kahate haiM / udAharaNArtha - yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI vyaktine pahale devadatta nAmaka puruSako dekhA aura usane usake sambandhameM avadhAraNA kara lI / pazcAt dhAraNArUpa saMskAra ubuddha huA aura use smaraNa AyA ki vaha devadatta hai| isa prakAra smaraNarUpa jJAnako smRti mAnA jAtA hai / ' yadyapi smaraNakA viSayabhUta padArtha sAmane nahIM hai, to bhI vaha hamAre pUrva anubhavakA viSaya to thA hI aura usa anubhavakA dRr3ha saMskAra hameM sAdRzya Adi aneka nimittAMse usa padArthako manameM aMkita kara detA hai / smaraNa ke kAraNa ho vizvameM lena-dena Adi kI vyavasthA calatI hai / vyApti smaraNa asaMta ke binA zabdaprayoga sambhava hI nahIM hai / guru-ziSyAdi sambandha, pitA-putrabhAva tathA anya aneka prakArase prema, ghRNA, karuNA Adi mUlaka samasta jIvana-vyavahAra smaraNake dvArA hI calate haiM / kucha cintaka grahItagrAhI ora ase anularanna honeke kAraNa smRtiko pramANa nahIM mAnate / para unako yaha mAnyatA vyavahArameM bAdhaka hai| anubhava jisa padArthako jisa rUpameM grahaNa karatA hai, smRti use usI rUpameM jAnatI hai / na vaha usake kisI naye aMzakA bodha karAtI hai aura na kisI anubhUta aMzako chor3atI hI hai / "grahItagrAhitA bhI apramANatAkA kAraNa nahIM hai / yataH smRti dvArA smaraNa kiye gaye artha meM avisaMvAditA aura samAropavivacchedakatA vidyamAna hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki dhAraNA nAmaka anubhava padArthako 'idam' rUpase jAnatA hai / jabaki saMskArase honevAlI smRti usI padArthako 'tat' rUpase jAnatI hai| isa prakAra smRtike viSaya meM grahIta grAhitA doSa nahIM AtA / 1. saMskAro dbodhanibandhanA sadityAkArA smRtiH // 3 // saMskArasyodghoSaH prAkaTyaM sa nibandhanaM yasyAH sA vayoktA / tadityAkAya vA datyu lekhino / evambhUtA smRtirbhavatIti zeSaH / - prameyaratnamAlA, 3-3, 10 135. 2. sarve pramANAdayo'navigatamarthaM sAmAnyataH prakArato vA'dhigamayanti smRti: punanaM pUrvAnubhavamaryAdAnatikrAmati, sadviSayA tanaviSayA vA, na tu tadadhikaviSayA, so'yaM vRttyantarAdvizeSaH smRteriti vimRzati / tasvavaizA0 ( cokSambA saMskaraNa ) 1 / 17. 436 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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smRtikI avisaMvAditA svataH siddha hai / anyathA anumAnakI pravRtti, zabdavyavahAra aura vizvake anya samasta vyavahAra nirarthaka ho jaayeNge| yaha sambhava hai ki jisa smRti ke viSayameM visaMvAda ho use apramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| vismaraNa, saMzaya aura viparyAsarUpI samAropakA nirAkaraNa smRti ke dvArA hotA hai| ataH ise avisaMvAdI honeke kAraNa pramANa mAnanA par3egA / anubhavaparatantra honeke kAraNa smRtiko parokSa to mAnA jA sakatA hai, para apramANa nhiiN| pratyabhijJAna vartamAna pratyakSa, aura atIta smaraNase utpanna honevAlA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna pratyabhijJAna kahalAtA hai / yaha saMkalana ekatva, sAdRzya, vesAdRzya, pratiyogI, ApekSika Adi oka prakAralA hotA hai| parasutaH sUryodavivartavartI vastuko viSaya karanevAle pratyayako pratyabhijJAna kahA jAtA hai| pratyavamarza, saMjA aura pratyabhijJA ye usIke paryAya nAma haiN| pratyabhijJAnameM pratyakSa aura smaraNaina donoMkA samuccaya rahatA hai / 'yaha' aMzako viSaya karanevAlA jJAna to pratyakSa hai aura 'vaha' aMzako grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna smaraNa hai| isa prakAra do zAnoMkA saMkalana yA samuccaya pratyabhijJAnameM pAyA jAtA hai| yaha vahI hai, isa prakAra vartamAnakA pratyakSa aura usake atItakA smaraNa pUrvaka ekatvakA mAnasika saMkalana ekatvapratyabhijJAna kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra 'gAya sarIkhA gavaya' hotA hai / isa vAkyako sunakara koI vyakti vanameM mAyake samAna pazuko dekhakara usa vAkyakA smaraNa karatA hai aura anantara manameM nizcaya karatA hai ki yaha gavaya hai| isa prakAra sAdRzyaviSayaka saMkalana, sAdRzyaviSayaka pratyabhijJAna hai / 'gAyase vilakSaNa bhaiMsa hotI haiM / isa vAkyako sunakara jisa bAr3emeM gAya aura bhaiMsa donoM hI vidyamAna haiM, vahAM pahuMcanevAlA vyakti gAyase vilakSaNa pazuko dekhakara ukka vAkyakA smaraNa karatA hai aura nizcaya karatA hai ki yaha bheMsa hai| yaha vailakSaNyaviSayaka vaisAdazyapratyabhijJAna hai / isI prakAra yaha isase dUra hai, ityAkAraka ApekSika pratyabhijJAna, pari1. darzanasmaraNakAraNakaM sakUlanaM pratyabhijJAnam / sadevedaM tatsadRzaM tadvilakSaNaM tatpratiyogotyAdi / / -parIkSAmukha 3 / 5. 2. nanu ca tadevetyatItapratibhAsasya smaraNarUpatvAda, idamiti saMvedanasya pratyakSarUpatvAt saMvedamadvitayamevaitat tAdRzamevedamiti smaraNapratyakSasaMvedanatitayavat / tato naka zAnaM pratyabhijJAsyaM pratipadyamAnaM sambhAvati / -pramANaparIkSA, pR. 69. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 437

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cAyaka pratyabhijJAna Adi bhI pratyakSa aura smaraNake saMkalanase ghaTita hote haiM / Azaya yaha hai ki 'darzana' aura 'smaraNa' ko nimitta banAkara jitane bhI ekatyAdi viSayaka mAnasika saMkalana hote haiM, ve sabhI pratyabhijJAna hai aura ye sabho prakArake pratyabhijJAna apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI aura samAropavyavacchedaka honese pramANa haiM / yathArthata: yaha jJAna na to apramANa hai aura na pratyakSapramANa hI haiN| kintu yaha aura svake anantara utpanna honevAlA aura 'pUrva' evaM 'uttara' paryAyoMmeM rahanevAle ekatva, sAdRzya Adiko viSaya karanevAlA honese svatantra parokSapramANa hai / " yadi pratyabhijJAnakA lopa kiyA jAya, to anumAnako pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai / jisa vyaktine pahale agni aura ghUmake kArya kAraNabhAvakA grahaNa kiyA hai, bahI vyakti jaba pUrva dhUmake sadRza anya dhUe~ko dekhatA hai, taba grahIta kAryakAraNabhAvakA smaraNa Anepara hI anumAna kara pAtA hai| pratyabhijJAnake na sAdRzya aura vilamAnane se na to anumAnakI hI siddhi hogI aura na ekatva, kSaNa Adi pratyaya hI ghaTita ho sakeMge / pratyabhijJAnakA pratyakSameM bhI antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / yataH cakSu Adi indriyA~ sambaddha aura varttamAna padArthako hI viSaya karatI haiM / ataH ye smRtikI sahAyatA lekara bhI aviSayameM pravRtti nahIM kara sakatIM / 'pUrva' aura 'uttara' paryAyameM rahanevAlA ekatva indriyoMkA aviSaya hai / yadi indriyA~ aviSayako grahaNa kareM, to gandha - smaraNakI sahAyatAse cakSuko gandhakA bhI parijJAna ho jAnA cAhie / saikar3oM sahakArI milane para bhI aviSaya meM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI / yadi indriyoMse hI pratyabhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, to prathama pratyakSa kAlameM hI use utpanna honA cAhiye thA / ' sa evAyam' isa pratItiko eka jJAna mAnakara bhI use indriyajanya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ataeba ise smaraNa aura pratyakSapUrvaka honevAlA saMkalanAtmaka svatantra jJAna mAnanA pdd'egaa| yaha abAdhita hai, avisaMvAdI hai aura hai samAropakA 1. smaraNapratyakSa jamyasya pUrvottara viyataM vayekadravyaviSayasya pratyabhizAmasyaikasya tasyAtItavivattamAtrasupratItatvAt / na hi taditi smaraNaM tathAvidhadrabhyavyavasAyAtmaka, gocrtvaat| nApoSamiti saMvedanaM, tasya vattaMmAnavivasaMmAtraviSayatvAt / tAmyAmupajanyaM rgyuu saMkalanazAnaM tadanuSAdapurassaraM dravyaM pratyavamRzat tato'nyadeva pratyamizrAnamekatva - viSayaM tadapahnave kvacidekAnvathAvyavasthAnAt samyAnakatva siddhirapi na syAt / - pramANaparIkSA, pR0 69, 70. 438 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vicchedaka | ataeva pratyabhijJAnakI gaNanA pramANakoTimeM hai, jo pratyabhijJAna bAdhita yA visaMvAdI hotA hai, use pramANAbhAsa yA apramANa mAnA jA sakatA sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnameM upamAnakA antarbhAva sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnako kucha cintaka upamAna pramANa mAnate haiN| unakA abhimata hai ki jisa vyaktine gAyako dekhA hai, jaba vaha jaMgalameM gavayako dekhatA hai aura use pUrva dRSTa gaukA smaraNa AtA hai, taba 'isake samAna vaha hai' isa prakArakA upamAna utpanna hotA hai| yoM to gazyaniSTha sAdRzya pratyakSakA viSaya hai aura goniSTha sAdRzyakA smaraNa A rahA hai, phira bhI 'isake samAna vaha hai' isa prakArakA viziSTa jJAna upamAna pramANa hai / yadi isa prakAra sASAraNa viSayabhedase pramANoMkI saMkhyA bar3hAyI jAya, to velakSazya, prAtiyogika, ApekSika Adi pramANa bhI pRthak siddha ho jaaygeN| ataeva saMkSepameM upamAnakA antarbhAva sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna meM sambhava hai|' sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnako anumAna bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki anumAna karate samaya liMgakA sAdRzya apekSita hai| isa sAdRzyajJAnako bhI anumAna mAnanepara usa anumAnake anya liMgasAdRzyakA jJAna Avazyaka hogaa| isa prakAra anavasthAdUSaNa A jAyagA / ataeva pratyabhijJAna avisaMvAdI hai, samparajJAna hai aura pramANabhUta hai / taka sAmAnyatayA vicAravizeSakA nAma tarka hai / isake cintA, kahA, kahApoha Adi paryAyAntara he / nyAyako dRSTise vyAptike jJAnako tarka kahA gayA hai / sAdhya aura sAdhanake sArvakAlika, sArvadezika aura sArvavyaktika avinAbhAva sambandhako vyApti kahate haiM / avinAbhAva zabdakA artha hai sAdhyake binA sAdhana1 upamAnaM prasiddhArthatAdhAsAdhyasAdhAmam / tadveSAt pramANaM kiM syAtsaMkSipratipAdakam / / -kaghIyastraya, paloka 19. upasambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAtijJAnamUhaH / idamasmin saspeva bhavatyasati na bhavatyevaM ti ca ||--parIkSA0 317, 8. uparambhaH pramANamAtramatra gRhyate / yadi pratyakSameyopasammazamvemokhyate tadA sAdhaneSu anumeyeSu vyAptimAnaM na syAt / atha vyApti: sarvopasaMhAreNa pratIyate, sA kapamatIndriyasya sAdhanasyAtIndriyeNa sAmyena bhavediti ? naivam ; pratyakSaviSayeSvivAnamAnaviSayeSvapi myApteravirodhAta tjjnyaansyaaprtyksstvaamyupgmaat| -prame. ra.317,8. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura sanakI dezanA : 439

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kA na honA / sAdhanakA sAdhya honepara hI honA, abhAva meM bilkula na honaa| isa niyamako sarvopasaMhArarUpase grahaNa karanA tarka hai| pramANase jAnA huvA padArtha sarka dvArA puSTa hotA hai| pramANa jahA~ padArthoMko jAnatA hai, vahAM tarka unakA poSaNa karake unakI pramANaptAke sthirIkaraNameM sahAyatA pahuMcAtA hai| tarkako prakriyAnusAra vyakti sarvaprathama kArya aura kAraNakA pratyakSa karatA hai aura gagera gAra pratyakSa honepara, vaha usake anvaya-sambandhakI bhUmikApara jhakatA hai / sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA abhAva dekhakara vyatirakake nizcaya dvArA usa anvaya jJAnako nizcayAtmaka rUpa detA hai| prakriyAdvArA yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaise kisI vyaktine sarvaprathama 'mahA nasa'-bhojanazAlAmeM agni dekho, tathA agnise utpanna hotA huA dhuvA~ bhI dekhA / pazcAt kiso talAbameM agnike mabhAvase dhaekA abhAva jAnA | pazcAt rasoIgharameM agnise dhuoM nikalatA haA dekhakara yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki agni kAraNa hai aura dhUma kArya hai / yaha upalambha aura anupalambhanimittaka sarvopasaMhAra karanevAlA vicAra tarkakI sImAmeM samAhita hai| isameM pratyakSa, smaraNa, aura sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna kAraNa hote haiN| ina sabakI pRSThabhUmipara 'yatra yatra yadA-yadA dhUma hotA hai, tatra-tatra, tadAtadA agni avazya rahatI hai| isa prakArakA eka mAnasika vikalpa utpanna hotA hai| ise kaha yA tarka kahate haiM / tarkakA kSetra kevala pratyakSake viSayabhUta sAdhya aura sAdhana hI nahIM hai, apitu anumAna aura Agamake viSayabhUta prameyoM meM bhI anvaya aura vyatireka dvArA avinAbhAvakA nizcaya karanA tarkakA kArya hai / taka bhI apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI hai / ataeva vaha anya pramANoMkA anugrAhaka hai / jisa takameM visaMvAda pAyA jAtA hai, use tAbhAsa kaha sakate haiN| anumAna sAdhanase sAdhyake jJAnako anumAna kahate haiM / anumAnazabda anu + mAnase niSpanna hai| jisakA artha ligrahaNa aura vyAptismaraNake pazcAt honevAlA jJAna hai / yathArthata: vyAptinirNayake pazcAt honevAlA mAna-pramANa anumAna kahalAtA hai| yaha jJAna avizada honese parokSa hai / para apane yiSayameM avisaMvAdI aura saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya Adi samAropoMkA nirAkaraNa karaneke kAraNa pramANabhUta hai| sAdhanase sAjyakA niyata jJAna avinAbhAvake balase hI hotA hai| sAdhanako dekhakara pUrvagRhIta avinAbhAvakA smaraNa hotA hai| tadanantara jisa sAdhanase sAdhyako vyApti grahaNa kI jAtI hai, usa sAdhanake sAtha vartamAna sAdhanakA sAdazyapratyabhijJAna kiyA jAtA hai, taba sAdhyakA anumAna hotA hai| vastutaH avinAbhAva anumAnakA mUla AdhAra hai| avinAbhAva sahabhAvaniyama aura 40 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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kramabhAvaniyamarUpa hotA hai / sahacAriyoM-rUparasAdikoM aura vyApya vyApakoM -- zizapAtva- bRkSatvAdikameM sahabhAvaniyama hotA hai tathA pUrvacara- uttaracaroM aura kArya-kAraNoM meM kramabhAvaniyama hotA hai / avinAbhAvako tAdAtmya aura tadutpattise hI niyantrita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jinameM paraspara tAdAtmya nahIM hai, aise rUpa-rasAdimeM rUpase rasakA anumAna tathA jinameM paraspara kAryakAraNa saMbaMdha nahIM hai, aise kRttikodaya aura zakaTodaya meM kRttikodayako dekhakara zakaTodayakA anumAna kiyA jAnA tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandha se pRyaka kSetravartI hai / ataH anumAnakI mUladhurA sAdhyasAdhanoM ke avinAbhAva - vyAptike nizcayapara sthita hai| sAmAnyatayA avinAbhAvako tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti saMjJAoMse pratipAdita kiyA hai| yahA honA pati aura sAdhyake na honepara sAdhanakA na honA anyathAnupapatti hai / yathA agnike honepara ghUmakara honA aura agnike na honepara dhUmakA na honA / yaha tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ho anumAnakI niyAmikAyeM haiN| yoM to anumAna ke lie avinAbhAvasaMbaMrUpa vyApti apekSita hai / sAdhya aura sAdhanabhUta padArthoMkA dharma vyAsi kahalAtA hai, jisake jJAna aura smaraNase anumAnakI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra hotI hai / 'sAdhyake binA sAdhanakA na honA aura sAdhya ke honepara hI honA' ye donoM dharma eka prakArase sAdhananiSTha haiM / 'isI prakAra sAdhanake honepara sAdhanakA honA hI' yaha sAdhyakA dharma hai / sAdhya ke honepara hI sAdhanakA honA anvaya aura sAdhyake abhAva meM sAdhanakA na honA vyatireka kahalAtA hai / kucha cintakoMne vyAptigrahaNake nimnalikhita sAdhana batalAye haiM 1. bhUyaH sahacAra darzana 2. vyabhicArajJAna - viraha / 3. tarka - vipakSabAdhaka tarka / 4. anupalambha - vyatireka / 5. bhUyo darzanajanita saMskAra | 6. sAmAnyalakSaNA | 7. zabda aura anumAna / vastutaH vyAptikA nizcaya tarkese hotA hai, jo upalambha tathA anupalambhapUrvaka hotA hai / yathA agnike honepara hI ghUmakA honA aura agnike abhAva meM ghUmakA na honA, inakA vyAptisambandha hai / vyAptikA grahaNa tarka dvArA hI pratiSThita hai / vyAptike do yA tIna bheda prApta hote hai / tIna bhedoMmeM bahirvyApti, sakalavyApti tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 441

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aura antarvyAptikI gaNanA hai / " sapakSa meM sAdhya ke sAtha sAvanako vyApti honA bahirvyApti hai aura pakSa tathA sapakSa donoMmeM sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhanakI vyApti honA sakalavyApti hai| pakSa, sapakSa na hoM athavA unameM hetu na rahe - kevala sAdhyake sAtha sAdhanakA avinAbhAva honese antarvyApti hotI hai / ina trividha vyAptiyoMmeM Adi ko donoM vyAptiyoM honepara bhImanameM antarvyApti ke balase sAdhanako sAdhyakA gamaka mAnA jAtA hai / antarvyAptike abhAva meM anya donoM vyAptiyoMkA sadbhAva nirarthaka hai / yathA 'sazyAmaH tatputratvAt itaratatputravat' isa anumAnameM bahirvyApti aura sakalavyApti donoM vidyamAna haiM, para antarvyAptike na honese 'tatputratvAt ' hetu 'zyAmatva' sAdhyakA gamaka nahIM hai| isI prakAra 'udeSyati zakaTaM kRttikodayAt' isa anumAnameM na bahirvyApti hai aura na sakalavyApti hai, kintu sAdhanakI sAdhyake sAtha antarvyApti honese kRttikodaya hetu zakaTodaya sAdhyakA gamaka hai | ataeva antarvyApti hI niyAmaka hai / 1. 'sAca tridhA - bahirvyApti:' sAkalyaSyAmi H antarvyAmizceti / "pramAcandra, prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 15 pR0 364; akalaMka, siddhivi0 515, 16. pramANasaM 0 kA 0 32, 33, pRSTha 106 | devasUri, pra0 na0 ta0 31 38, 39 / yazovijaya janatakuMbhA, pRSTha 12 / 2. (ka) pakSIkRta evaM viSaye sAdhanasya sAdhyena vyAptintabhyaptiH, anyatra tu bahiptiriti / 'bahiH pakSIkRtAviSayAdanyatra tu dRSTAntadharmANi tasya tena kyAptihiptirabhidhIyate / devasUri, pramANanayata0 3139. (kha) pakSe sapakSe ca sarvatra sAdhyasAdhanayo: vyAptiH sakaladhyAptiH / - si0 vi0 TI0 Tippa 5/16, pRSTha 347. (ga) pakSa eva sAdhanasya sAdhyena vyAptirantarvyAptiH / siddho bahirudAhRtiH / syAtsavasadbhAve'pyevaM nyAyavido viduH / 3. (ka) antarvyApyaiva sAdhyasya vyarthA - vahI, pR0 346. - siddhasena, nyAyAva0 kA0 20. (kha) vinAzI bhAva iti vA hetunaiva prasiddhati / antarvyAptAvasiddhAyAM bahirvyAptirasAdhanam / sAkalyena kathaM vyAptiranta parityA vinA bhavet / ---akalaMka, si0 vi0 515, 16, pR0 345-347 / pramANasaM0-32-33. (ga) amsarthAtsyA hetoH sAdhyapratyAyane zaktAvazaktau ca vahirvyAptirudbhAvanaM vyartham - devasUri, pra0 na0 ta0 538, 0562. iti / 442 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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sAmana yA hetu jisakA sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva nizcita hai, use sApana kahate haiN|' avinAbhAya, abhyathAnupapatti aura vyApti ye saba ekArthaka zabda haiM / sAdhanakA nizcaya anyathAnupapattirUpase hI hotA hai| vastuta: sAdhana yA hetuke binA anumAnako utpatti ho nahIM ho sktii| kucha cintaka hetukA svarUpa trilakSaNa athavA paMcalakSaNa svIkAra karate haiM, para ina sabhIkA antarbhAva anyayAnapapattirUpa hetu meM ho sakatA hai| dUsare, hetukA rUpya yA pAMcarUpya niyama nirdoSa nahIM hai, kintu avinAbhAva aisA vyApaka aura vyabhicArI lakSaNa hai, jo samasta sadhetuoM meM pAyA jAtA hai aura asadahetuoMmeM nahIM / paramparAse 'anyathAnupapannasva' ko hI hetukA avyabhicAro aura pradhAna lakSaNa kahA hai, kyoMki samasta padArtha kSaNika haiM, yattaH ve sat haiM' isa anamAnameM satvahetu sapakSasatvake abhAvameM bhI gamaka hai| ataeva avinAbhAva ho hetukA vAstavika niyAmaka lakSaNa hai! pakSaSamasva Adiko hetukA lakSaNa mAnane meM ativyApti evaM avyApti doSa Ate haiN| sAdhya dRSTa, abAdhita aura asiddha padArthako sAdhya kahate haiN| jo pratyakSAdi pramANoMse abAdhita honeke kAraNa siddha karane yogya hai, vaha zakya hai| vAdIko iSTa honese jo abhipreta hai aura sandeha Adi yukta honeke kAraNa asiddha hai, vahI vastu sAdhya hotI hai| sAdhyakA artha hai siddha karane yogya arthAt asiddha / siddha padArthakA anumAna vyathaM hai| aniSTa tathA pratyakSAdi bAdhita padArtha sAdhya nahIM bana sakate / ataeva anumAnake prayogameM sAdhanake samAna sAdhya bho eka Azyaka aMga hai| anumAnake bheva anumAnake do bheda haiM:-(1) svArthAnumAna aura (2) parArthAnumAna / svayaM nizcita sAdhanake dvArA honevAle sAdhyake jJAnako svArthAnamAna kahate haiM aura avinAbhAvI sAdhanake vavanAMse zrotAko utpanna honevAlA sAdhyajJAna parArthAnumAna hai / svArthAnamAtA kisI parake upadezake binA svayaM hI nizcita avinAbhAvI sAdhanake jJAnase sAdhyakA jJAna prApta karatA hai / udAharaNArtha aba vaha dhUmako 1. 'sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH' / -parIkSAmukha 3 / 11. 2. iSTamabAdhitamasiddhaM sAdhyam -vahI, 3 / 16, tIrthakara mahAvIra maura unakI dezanA : 443

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dekhakara agnikA jJAna; rasako cakhakara usake sahacara rUpakA zAna apavA RttikAke udayako dekhakara eka mahataM bAda honevAle zakaTake udayakAmAna prApta karatA hai, taba usakA vaha zAna svArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai| jaba vahI svArthAnumAtA ukta hetuoM aura sAdhyoMko kahakara dUsaroMko una sAdhyasAdhanoMkI vyApti grahaNa karAtA hai sathA dUsare usake vacanoMko sunakara vyApti grahaNa karake ukta hetuoMse ukta sAdhyoMkA jJAna karate haiM, so dUsaroMkA vaha anumAna jJAna parArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai aura ve parArthAnumAtA mAne jAte haiM / ataH anumAnake upAdAnabhUta hetukA prayojaka tasva anyathAnupapannakha sva aura para doke dvArA gRhIta hone tathA donoM anyayAnupapannakha-grahItAoMko anumAna honese svAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna bheda sambhava hote haiM / saMkSepameM svArtha-svapratipattikA sAdhana aura parArtha-para-pratipattikA sAdhana hone ke kAraNa anumAnake do bheda haiN| pratizA aura heturUpa paropadezako apekSA na kara svayaM hI nizcita tathA isase pUrva tarkadvArA gRhIta vyAptike smaraNase sahakRta ghUmAdi sAdhanase utpanna hue parvata Adi dharmI meM agni Adi sAdhyake zAnako svArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai / yathA-yaha parvata agnivAlA hai, dhamanAlA honese / ' pratijJA aura heturUpa paropadezakI apekSA lekara zrotAko jo sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha parArthAnumAna hai| svArthAnumAna jJAnarUpa hai aura parArthAnumAna vacanarUpa hai| vaktA parArthAnumAnavacana-prayogadvArA zrotAko vyAptijJAna karAtA hai | vyAptijJAnake anantara sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna vaha svayaM karatA hai| 1. tatra svayameva nizcitAsApanAtsAdhyazAnaM svArthAnumAnam / parApadezamanapekSya svayameva nizcitAtprAktAnubhUtaNyAptismaraNasahakRtAdhupAyeM:, sAdhanAdutpannaMparSatAdI dharmiNyamyAdeH sAdhyasya jJAnaM svArthAnumAnamityarthaH / yathA-parvato'yamamnimAn dhUmavasvAditi / ayaM hi svArthAnumAnasya jJAnarUpasyApi zamdenollekhaH / yathA-'ayaM ghaTaH' iti zamdena pratyakSasya / -ho. daravArIlAla koThiyA, myAyadIpikA (bIrasevAmandira) 1071-72. 2. paropavezamamezya yatsAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnaM tatparArthAnumAnam / pratimAheturUpaparopade zavazAt zrotustamna sAdhanAtsadhyavijJAnaM parArthAnumAnamityarthaH / yathA-parvato'yamagnimAna bhavitumarhati ghUmavatsvAnyathAnupapatteriti vAkye kenacitprayukta taDhAkyArtha paryAlocayataH smRtamyAptikasya zroturanumAnamupajAyate / -0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, nyAyadIpikA (borasevAmandira) 1045. mm : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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svArSAnumAmake aMga _svArthAnumAnake tIna aMga hai:-(1) dharmI, (2) sAdhya aura (3) hetu | hetugamaka honese, sAdhya gamya honese evaM dharmI sAdhya aura hetu dhokA bhASAra honese aMga haiN| AdhAra-vizeSameM hI anumeyako siddhi karanA anumAnakA prayojana hai| sAdhyako pakSa bho kahA AtA hai, yaha dharmaviziSTa dharmI hai| yoM to pakSazabda se sAdhyadharma aura dharmIkA samudAya vivakSita hai / svArthAnumAnake zAnarUpa honeke kAraNa zAnameM dharma-dharmIkA vibhAga sambhava nahIM, para anumAnakA prayoga karaneke lie usakA zabdase ullekha karanA hI par3atA hai / yathA-'parvato'ya vahnimAn, 'dhUmavatvAt' anumAnavAkyakA prayoga parvatameM vahniko avagata karaneke lie karanA par3atA hai, uso prakAra svArthAnamAnameM bhI usake bodhArtha vAkyakA prayoga apekSita hotA hai| dharmo : svarUpa-nirdhAraNa ___ dharmI prasiddha hotA hai / isako prasiddhi kahIM pramANase, kahIM vikalpase aura kahoM pramANa-vikalpa donoMse hAto hai| pratyakSAdi pramANoMse siddha dharmI pramANasiddha kahalAtA hai, yathA parvatAdi / jisakI pramANatA aura apramANatA nizcita na ho aura jo pratItimAtrase siddha ho, vaha vikalpasiddha kahA jAtA hai| vikalpasiddha dhImeM sattA yA asattA sAdhya hotI hai, yataH jinakI sattA yA asattAmeM vivAda hai, ve ho dharma vikalpasiddha hote haiM / pramANa aura vikalpa donoMse sikha dharmI ubhayasiddha kahalAte haiN| parAnumAnake aMga parArthAnumAnake bhI svArthAnumAnake samAna dharmI, sAdhya aura sAghana ye tIna athavA pakSa aura hetu ye do aMga mAne jAte haiN| jJAnAtmaka parArthAnumAnameM ukta aMga saMbhava haiM, para bacanAtmaka parArthAnumAna meM pratijJA aura hetudo hI avayava hote haiN| __dharma-dharmIke samudAyarUpa pakSake vacanako pratijJA kahA jAtA hai / yathA-- "parvato'yaM vahnimAn" meM sAdhyakA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, ataH ukta pada pratijJAvAkya hai| ___ anumeyako siddha karaneke lie sAdhanake rUpameM jisa vAkyAvayavakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, vaha hetu hai| sAdhana aura hetumeM sAdhAraNataH koI antara nahIM hai, isI kAraNa donoMkA prayoga paryAyarUpameM pAyA jAtA hai, para inameM vAcya1. prasiddho dharmI-parIkSAmukha 3 / 23. 2. vikalpasiddhe tasmin sasaMtare sAdhye-bahI, 3124, sIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 445

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vAcakakA meda hai / sAdhana vAcya hai yataH vaha koI vasturUpa hotA hai aura hetu vAcaka hai, yataH usake dvArA vaha vastu kahI jAtI hai| hetuko sAdhyAbhAvake sAtha na rahanevAlA arthAt avinAbhAvI honA Avazyaka batalAyA hai | hetukA prayoga tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapattirUpase hotA hai / isIko anvayavidhi aura vyatirekavidhi bhI kaha sakate haiN| vyutpanna zrotAko mAtra pratijJA aura heturUpa paropadezase parArthAnumAna utpanna hotA hai / anumAnake anya avayava anumAnake pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ye pA~ca avayava mAne jAte haiN| ina avayavoMkA prayoga isa prakAra hotA hai-'paryaMta agnivAlA haiM ghUmavAn honese; jo-jo dhUmavAn hai, vaha agnivAlA hotA hai, jaise mahAnasa / isI prakAra parvata bhI ghUmavAn hai, isalie agnivAlA hai' ina avayavoMmeM pratijJA aura hetu ye do avayava hI kAryakArI haiM / pratijJA prayogake vinA sAdhyadharmIke AdhAra meM sandeha banA rahatA hai / pratijJAke vinA siddhi kisakI kI jAyagI / pakSI upasthita karake heturoga nyAya pAnA jAtA hai| ataH sAdhanavacanarUpa hetu aura pakSavacanarUpa pratijJA ina do avayavoMse hI paripUrNa kA bodha ho jAtA hai / dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamanakA prayoga vAdakathA meM vyartha hai / vastutaH anumAna ke avayavoM kA prayoga pratipAJcakI dRSTise kiyA jAtA hai / pratipAdya do prakArake hote haiM: - (1) vyutpanna aura (2) avyutpanna / vyutpanna ve haiM jo saMkSepa yA saMketa meM vastusvarUpako samajha sakate haiM tathA jinake hRdayameM takaMkA praveza hai / avyutpanna ve pratipAdya haiM, jo alpaprajJa haiM, jinheM vistArase samajhAnA Avazyaka hotA hai aura jinake hRdayameM tarkakA praveza kama rahatA hai / anumAnake upayogitAkI dRSTi se do hI avayava haiM / dRSTAntake abhAva meM mI anumAna samIcIna hotA hai / yathA - sarvaM kSaNikaM satvAt' isa anumAnameM dRSTAnta nahIM hai, phira bhI yaha pramANabhUta hai / udAharaNakI sArthakatA vyAptismaraNa ke lie bhI nahIM hai, yataH avinAbhAvI hetuke prayogamAtrase hI vyAptikA smaraNa ho jAtA hai / saMsAra meM vibhinna cintaka tathyoMko vibhinna rUpameM svIkAra karate haiM, ataH sarvasammata dRSTAntakA milanA azakya hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki dRSTAntameM vyAptikA grahaNa karanA anivArya bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki jaba samasta vastuoMko pakSa banA liyA jAtA hai, taba kisI dRSTAntakA milanA asambhava ho jAtA hai| ataH vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa dekhakara pakSa meM hI sAdhya aura sAdhanako vyApti siddha kara lI jAtI hai / vAdakathA kI dRSTise dRSTAnta nirarthaka aura avyavahArya hai / 446 : torthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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upanaya aura nigamana to kevala upasaMhAravAkya haiM, jinakI apanemeM koI upayogitA nahIM haiM / pakSameM hetukA upasaMhAra upanaya aura hetupUrvaka pakSakA vacana nigamana hai / saMkSepameM lAghava, AvazyakatA aura upayogitAko dRSTise pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI avayava grAhya haiM / hetu bheda evaM prakAra : avinAbhAvake vyApaka svarUpake AdhArapara hetuke sAta bheda haiM: - (1) svabhAva, (2) vyApaka, (3) kArya, (4) kAraNa ( 5 ) pUrvacara, (6) uttaracara aura, (7) sahacara | sAmAnyataH hetu ke do bheda haiM: -- (1) upalabdhirUpa aura (2) anupalabdhirUpa / ye donoM hetu vidhi aura pratiSedha donoMke sAdhaka haiN| inake saMyogase hetuke 22 bheda ho jAte haiM / hetubheda upalabdhi aviruddhopalabdhi viruddhopalabdhi aviruddhAnupalabdhi viruddhAnupalabdhi a. a. ma. avi. a. a. vyApya. kArya. kAraNa. pU. u. saha. anupalabdhi I vi. khyA. kArya, kAraNa. pU. u. saha. kula hetubheda = 6+6+3+7= 22 (parIkSA mukhake anusAra ) 1. vidhi-sAdhana -- 6 2. niSedha-sAdhana 22 28 | 1 I 1 I a0 vyApya kArya. kAraNa. pU. u. saha. sva. vi. kArya. vi. kAraNa. vi. svabhAva sAkSAt niSedha-sAdhana - 2+4=6 paramparA niSedha sAdhana 16 22 ( pramANaparIkSAke anusAra ) hetuke vAIsa bhevoMkA sAmAnya svarUpa vidhisAdhaka upalabdhiko aviruddhopalabdhi aura pratiSedha-sAdhaka upalabdhi ko virudvatpalabdhi kahA jAtA hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 447

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1. aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi-zabda pariNAmI hai, kRtaka honese / 2. aviruddhakAryopalabdhi-isa prANimeM buddhi hai, vacanaprayogako pravRtti honese| 3. aviruddhakAraNopalabdhi-yahA~ chAyA hai, chatra honese / 4. aviruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi-eka muhUrta ke anantara rohiNIkA udaya hogA, isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya honese / / 5. avidotavo lalita- murha pahale bharaNIkA udaya ho cukA hai, vartamAnameM kRttikAkA udaya honese / 6. aviruddhasahacaropalabdhi -- isa AmameM rUpa hai, kyoMki rasa pAyA jAtA 7. viruddhacyApyopalabdhi-yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki uSNatA pAyo jAtI hai| 8. viruddhakAryopalabdhi-yahA~ zIta sparza nahIM hai, dhUmakA sadbhAva rahanese / 9, viruddhakAraNopalabdhi-isa prANImeM sukha nahIM hai, hRdayameM zalya honese / 10. viruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi-eka muhUrta ke bAda rohiNIkA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki isa samaya revatIkA udaya hai / 11. viruddhottaracaropalabdhi-eka muhUrta pahale bharaNIkA udaya nahIM huA hai, kyoMki isa samaya puSyakA udaya ho rahA hai|| 12. viruvasahacaropalabdhi--isa dIvAlameM usa orake hissekA abhAva nahIM hai, kyoMki isa orakA hissA dekhA jAtA hai| 13. aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi-isa bhUtala para ghar3A nahIM hai, anupalabdha honese| 14. avirukhavyApakAnupalabdhi-yahA~ zIzama nahIM hai, vRkSAbhAva honese / 15. aviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi-yahA~ para apratibaddha zaktizAlI agni nahIM hai, dhUmAbhAva honese| 16. aviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi-yahA~ ghUma nahIM hai, agnikA abhAva honese| 17. aviruddhapUrvacarAnupalabdhi-eka muhUrta ke bAda rohiNIkA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoki abhI kRttikAkA udaya nahIM huA hai| 18, avirUddhottaracarAnupalabji-eka muhUrta pahale maraNIkA udaya nahIM huA; kyoMki abhI kRttikAkA udaya nahIM hai| 19. aviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi--isa sama tarAjUkA eka palar3A nISA nahIM hai, kyoMki dUsarA palar3A UMcA nahIM pAyA jaataa| 448 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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20. virukhakAryAnupalabdhi-isa prANImeM koI vyAdhi hai; kyoMki isakI dhAe~ niroga vyaktikI nahIM haiM / 21. vizvakAraNAnupalabdhi isa prANImeM duHkha hai, kyoMki iSTasaMyoga nahIM dekhA jaataa| 22. viruvasvabhAvAnupalabdhi-vastu anekAntAtmaka hai, kyoMki ekAnta svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| armApasikA anumAnameM antarbhAva kisI dRSTa yA zrusa padArthase vaha jisake binA nahIM hotA, usa avinAbhAvI adRSTa arthakI kalpanA karanA apatti hai, yathA-'moTA devadatta dinako bhojana nahIM karatA hai' isa prasaMgameM arthApatti dvArA devadattake rAtri bhojanakI kalpanA kara lI jAtI hai, yata; bhojanake vinA pInatva---moTApana A nahIM sakatA / arthApattise atIndriya zakti Adi padArthokA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai / isake cha: bheda haiM:-(1) pratyakSapUrvikA, (2) anumAnapUrvikA, (3) zrutAryApatti, (4) upamAnApatti, (5) ardhApattipUrvikA arthApatti aura (6) abhAvapUrvikA arthApatti / arthApatti aura anumAnameM pRthaktvakA kAraNa pakSadhamatva hai / anumAnameM hetukA pakSadharmatva Avazyaka hai, para athAMpAttamaM pakSadhamatva Avazyaka nahIM bhAnA jAtA / ataH arthApattiko pRthak pramANa mAnaneko AvazyakatA hai| ___ arthApattiko anumAnase bhinna mAnanemeM ukta taka nibala hai| yata: avinAbhAvo eka arthase dUsare arthakA jJAna karanA jaise anumAnake hai, vaise arthApattimeM bhI hai| pakSadharmatva anumAnake lie Avazyaka bhI nahIM hai| kRttikodaya Adi hetu pakSadharmarahita hokara bhI sacce haiM aura maitratanayatva Adi hetu pakSadharmatva rahanepara bhI gamaka nahIM haiN| saMkSepameM arthApani avinAbhAvamUlaka yA anyathAnupapannattvamUlaka honeke kAraNa anumAna ke antargata hai, ise pRthak pramANa mAnaneko AvazyakatA nahIM hai / abhAvakA pratyakSAdimeM antarbhAva ___ abhAva bhI svatantra pramANa nahIM hai / jo yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jisa prakAra bhAvarUpa prameyake lie bhAvAtmaka pramANa hotA hai, usI taraha abhAvarUpa prameya ke lie abhAvapramANako AvazyakatA hai / vastu sat aura asat rUpameM pAyI jAtI hai| ata: indriyoMke dvArA sardazake grahaNa ho jAnepara bhI asadaMzake jJAnake lie abhAvapramANa apekSita hai| jahA~ sadbhAvagrAhaka pAMca pramANoMkI pravRtti nahIM hotI, vahA~ abhAvapramANako pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / yaha doSapUrNa tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 449 aMbhAvakA 29

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hai / yataH bhAvAMzake samAna abhAvAMza bhI pratyakSa, anumAna aura pratyabhijJAna Adi pramANoMse gRhIta ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra 'isa bhUtalapara ghaTa haiM' maha pratyakSa dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra 'isa bhUtalapara ghaTa nahIM hai| yaha ghaTAbhAva bhI pratyakSa dvArA hI gRhIta hai| anumAnake upalabdhi aura anupalabdhi rUpa hetu bhI abhAvoMke grAhaka haiM / yaha koI niyama nahIM hai ki bhAvarUpa prameyake lie bhAvarUpa pramANa aura abhAvarUpa prameya ke lie prabhAvarUpa pramANa hI honA caahie| abhAva bhAvAntararUpa hotA hai, yaha anubhavasiddha hai / ataH bhAvagrAhaka pramANoMse ho vastuke abhAvAMzakA bhI grahaNa sambhava honese abhAvako pRthak pramANa mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / AgamapramANa : vimarza matijJAna dvArA jJAsa padArthameM manakI sahAyatAse honevAle vizeSa jJAnako zrutajJAna yA AgamajJAna kahate haiN| pA~ca indriyoM aura manase zAta viSayako hI avalambana lekara zAna karatA hai| isake mUla do meda haiM: - (1) anakSarAtmaka aura (2) akSarAtmaka / zrotra indriyake atirikta zeSa cAra indriyoM aura manakI sahAyatAse honevAle matijJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAnako anakSarAtmaka jJAna kahate haiM aura zrotra indriyajanya matijJAnapUrvaka jI zrutajJAna hotA hai, use akSarAtmaka dhutajJAna kahate haiN| jaise--jIvazabda kahanepara zrotra indriya dvArA isa zabdakA sunanA matijJAna hai aura usake nimittase jIva nAmaka padArthake astitvako avagata karanA akSarAtmaka zrutazAna hai / prakArAntarase jabataka zrutajJAna jJAnarUpa rahatA hai, tabataka anakSarAtmaka hai aura jaba vacanarUpa hokara dUsareko jJAna karAne meM kAraNa hotA hai, saba vahI akSarAtmaka ho jAtA hai / jJAnake dvArA hI hama sabako jAnate haiM aura dUsareko jJAna karAnekA mukhya sAjana vacana hai / jJAtA vacanake dvArA zrotAoMko bodha karAtA hai aura vacanavyavahAra kevala zrutajJAnameM hI pAyA jAtA hai| vaktA dvArA kahA gayA zabda zrotA zrutajJAnameM kAraNa hotA hai / aath do bheda haiM: - (1) dravyavAk aura (2) bhAvavAk / dravyavAkke bhI do bheda haiM: - (1) dravyarUpa aura (2) paryAyarUpa paryAyarUpa dravyavAk zrotra indriya se grAhya hai / bhASAvagaNArUpa pudgala dravyavAk hai / yaha dravyarUpa vacana samastajJAnoMmeM nahIM pAyA jAtA / jJAnAvaraNakarmake kSaya athavA kSayopazamase yukta mAtmAmeM jo sUkSma bolane kI zakti hai, vaha bhAvavAk hai / isa bhAvavAkke binA 450 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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kisI ke mukhase kabhI bhI vacana nahIM nikala skte| bhAvavArUpI zaktikA sadbhAva samasta AtmAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha cetanakA sAmAnya dharma hai / zrutajJAnake bIsa bheda haiM: - ( 1 ) paryAya, ( 2 ) paryAyasamAsa, (3) akSara, (4) akSarasamAsa, (5) pada, (6) padasamAsa, (7) saMghAta, (8) saMghAtasamAsa, (9 ) pratipattika, (10) pratipattikasamAsa, (11) anuyoga, (12) anuyogasamAsa, (13) prAbhRta, (14) samAsa (15) prAbhUta- (16) prAbhUtapAbhUtasamAsa, (17) vastu, (18) vastusamAsa, (19) pUrva aura (20) pUrvasamAsa / sUkSma nigodiyA labdhyaparyAsaka jIvake utpanna honeke prathama samaya meM sparzana indriyajanya matijJAnapUrvaka labdhyakSararUpa zrutajJAna hotA hai| yaha jJAna avinazvara aura nirAvaraNa hotA hai| yaha sarvajaghanya jJAna hai / isake Upara kramazaH anantabhAgavRddhi, asaMkhyAta bhAgavRddhi, saMkhyAt mAgavRddhi, sakhyAtaguNavRddhi, asaMkhyAta guNavRddhi aura anantaguNavRddhi ye chaha vRddhiyAM hotI haiM / ina vRddhiyoMke anantara paryAyasamAsajJAna AtA hai / paryAyasamAsake anantara vRddhiMgata hote hue kramazaH akSara, akSarasamAsa Adi zrutajJAnake meda utpanna hote haiM / Aptake vacanAdike nimittase honevAle arthajJAnako Agama kahate haiN| Asapadase vItarAga, sarva aura hitopadezI vyakti abhISTa hai| jo jahA~ avacaka hai, vaha vahA~ Apta hai| vastutaH jo rAga, dveSa, moha-ajJAna Adi doSoMse rahita hai, parahitakA pratipAdana karanA hI jisakA ekamAtra kArya hai, aisA vyakti hI Apta kahalAne ke yogya hai / Aptavacanako arthajJAnakA kAraNa honese Agama kahA jAtA hai / torthaMkara jisa arthako apanI divyadhvanise prakAzita karate haiM, usakA dvAdazAMgarUpa meM kathana gaNadharoMke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zruta aMgapraviSTa kahalAtA hai aura jo zruta anya ArAtIya ziSya-praziSyoMke dvArA racA jAtA hai, vaha aMgacA hai / aMgapraviSTa zrutake AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakAdhyayana, aMtakRtadaza, anutaropapAdikadaza praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra aura dRSTivAda ye bAraha maida haiN| aMgabAhya zruta sAmAyika, catuvizastaya, bandanA Adi bhedase caudaha prakArakA hai / vastutaH Agamake dvArA utane hI pardArthoMkA boSa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jitane padArthIkA kevalajJAnadvArA / jJAnako apekSA zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna donoM samAna haiM, para vizada aura avizadakI apekSA donoMmeM antara hai / zrutajJAna indriya aura manakI sahAyatAse hotA hai / ataeva vaha amUrta padArtha aura unakI artha paryAyake sUkSma aMzoMko spaSTarUpase nahIM jAna pAtA / para kevalajJAna nirAvarama hone ke kAraNa samasta padArtho ko vizadarUpase jAnatA hai / . tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 451 +

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kucha cintakoMkA vicAra hai ki jahA~ vaktA anApta, avizvasanIya, atastvajJa aura kaSAyakaluSa ho, vahA~ hetu dvArA tattvakI siddhi hotI hai / para jahA~ AptasavaMza aura vItarAga ho vahA~ usake vacanoMpara vizvAsa karake tattvasiddhikI jAtI hai !" zabda aura arthakA sambandha zabda arthapratipattike sAdhana kisa prakAra banate haiM aura unakA arthake sAtha kyA sambandha hai, yaha bhI eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / zabda svAbhAvika yogyatA aura saMketake kAraNa hastasaMjJA Adi vastuko pratipatti karAnevAle haiN| jisa prakAra jJAna aura jJeyameM jJApaka evaM jJApya zakti svAbhAvika hai, usI prakAra zabda aura artha meM pratipAdaka aura pratipAdya zakti svabhAvataH vidyamAna hai / zabda aura arthakA sambandha ni nitya aura kathaMcit anitya hotA hai / zabda meM arthotro kSamatA svabhAvataH nihita hai | zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandha na honepara bhI yogyatArUpa sambandha pAyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra cakSukA ghaTAdike rUpake sAtha tAdAtmya tadutpatti-sambandha nahIM honepara bhI yogyatArUpa sambandha dekhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra zabda aura artha meM bhI yaha yogyatAsambandha nihita rahatA hai / zabda meM kahane kI zakti hai aura artha meM kahe jAne kI zakti hai / isIkA nAma yogyatA hai / vastutaH zabda aura artha meM vAcya vAcakazaktirUpa sambandha svAbhAvika hI hai / kevala usako jAnane ke liye saMketa grahaNakI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yadi isa svAbhAvika sambandha meM vyatikrama kiyA jAya, to dIpaka aura ghaTameM jo prakAzyaprakAzakazakti hai usameM bhI vyatikramako Apatti prastuta ho jAyagI aura yaha Apatti pratItiviruddha hai| ataH zabda aura artha meM vAcya vAcakazaktikA mAnanA Avazyaka hai / sArAMzataH zabda aura artha meM vAcya yAcakabhAvarUpa zakti svabhAvataH vidyamAna hai aura saMketavazase AptapraNIta zabda vastuke jJAnameM kAraNa hote haiN| pramANaphala pramANarUpa jJAnake do kArya hai: - ( 1 ) ajJAnanivRtti aura (1) svaparakA 1. vaktanApte yaddhetoH sAdhyaM taddhetusASitam / * Apte caritadvAkyAt sAdhisamAgamasAdhitam ||---AptamI0 zloka 78. 2. sahajayomyatAsaMyatavazaddhi zabdAvayo vastupratipatitava :- parIkSAmukha 3 96. 452 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA 1

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vyavasAya / zAnakA AdhyAtmika phaloaprApti hai| ba ajJAnakI nivRtti hotI hai / jisa prakAra prakAza aMdhakArako haTAkara padArthoMko prakAzita karatA hai, usI prakAra jJAna ajJAnako haTAkara padArthakA bodha karAtA hai / padArthabodhake pazcAt honevAle hAna - heyakA syAga, upAdAna aura upekSA buddhi pramANake paramparAphala haiN| mati, zruta Adi jJAnoMmeM hAna, upA dAna aura upekSA ye tInoM phala nihita rahate haiM, para kevalajJAnameM kevala upekSA hI rahatI hai| rAma aura dveSameM cittakA praNidhAna nahIM honA upekSA hai / jJAna AtmAkA abhinna guNa hai| isa jJAnakI pUrva avasthA pramANa aura uttara avasthA phala hai / jo jJAnadhArA aneka jJAnakSaNoMmeM vyApta rahatI hai, usa jJAnadhArAkA pUrva kSaNa sAdhakatama honese pramANa hotA hai aura uttara kSaNa sAdhya honese phala | pramANa aura phala kathaMcit bhinnAbhinna haiM / AtmA pramANa aura phala donoMrUpase pariNati karatI hai / ata: pramANa aura phala abhinna haiM tathA kArya aura kAraNarUpase kSaNabheda evaM paryAyabheda honeke kAraNa ve bhinna haiM / ataeva pramANa aura phalameM kathaMcit bhinnAbhinnasambandha hai / pramANakA sAkSAtphala mazAnanivRtti aura paramparAphala hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA buddhi hai / pramANAbhAsa jo vAstavika pramANalakSaNase rahita haiM aura pramANake tulya pratIta hote hai, ve pramANAbhAsa hai / asvasaMviditajJAna, gRhItArthaMjJAna, nirvikalpaka darzana, saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya Adi pramANAbhAsa hai, kyoMki inake dvArA pravRttike viSayakA yathArthajJAna nahIM hotaa| jo asvasaMviditajJAna apane svarUpako hI nahIM jAnatA hai, vaha puruSAntarake jJAnake samAna hameM arthabodha kaise karA sakegA ? nirvikalpakadarzana savyavahArAnupayogI honese pramANakoTimeM nahIM aataa| avisavAdI aura samyagjJAna pramANa kahA jAtA hai / jisa jJAnameM yaha lakSaNa ghaTita na ho, vaha jJAna pramANAbhAsa hai / saMzayajJAna anirNayAtmaka honese, viparyayajJAna viparIta eka koTikA nizcaya honese aura anadhyavasAyajJAna kisI bhI eka koTikA nizcAyaka na honese visaMvAdI honeke kAraNa pramANAbhAsa haiM / pramANAbhAsoM kI saMkhyA agaNita ho sakatI hai| ghara inameM pratyakSAbhAsa, parokSAbhAsa; sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa, mukhyapratyakSAbhAsa, smaraNAbhAsa, pratya bhijJAnAbhAsa, tarkAbhAsa, anumAnAbhAsa, AgamAbhAsa, hetvAbhAsa, viSayAmAsa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 453

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Adi mukhya haiN| yahA~ samasta pramANAbhAsoMkA nirdeza na kara jJAnameM upayogI honese kevala hetvAbhAsoM kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai / hetvAbhAsa jo hetulakSaNase rahita hai, para hetu ke samAna pratota hote haiM, ve hetvAbhAsa haiM / inheM sAdhanake doSa honeke kAraNa sAdhanAbhAsa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / kucha cintakoMne asiddha, viruddha anekAntika, kAlAtyApadiSTa aura prakaraNasama ye pA~ca hetvAbhAsa svIkAra kiye hai / para yathArthataH asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ye tIna hI hetvAbhAsa pramukha hai / masiddha jo hetu sarvadA pakSameM na pAyA jAya athavA jisakA sarvathA sAdhyake sAtha --' zabdo'nityaH, cAkSuSatvAt' avinAbhAva na ho, vaha asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai / yathA--' zabda anitya hai, cakSukA viSaya honese / isa anumAnameM cAkSuSatvahetu zabdameM svarUpase hI asiddha hai / asiddha hetvAbhAsake do bheda haiM: - svarUpAsiddha aura saMdigdhAsi / jo svarUpase asiddha ho, vaha svarUpAsiddha hai / yathA-- zabda anitya hai, cAkSuSa honese / isa anumAnameM cAkSuSatvahetu svarUpAsiddha hai / mUrkha vyakti ghUma aura vASpakA viveka na prAptakara baTalAhIse nikalanevAle vASpako ghUga mAnakara usameM agnikA anumAna karatA hai, to yaha saMdigdhAsiddha kahalAtA hai / viruddha jo hetu sAdhyAbhAva meM hI pAyA jAtA hai, vaha viruddhahetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai / yathA - 'sarva kSaNika satyAt' isa anumAna meM sakhahetu sarvathA kSaNikatva ke vipakSI kathaMcit kSaNikatvameM hI pAyA jAtA hai / anaikAntika jo hetu pakSa aura vipakSa donoMmeM samAnarUpase pAyA jAtA ho, vaha vyabhi cArI hone ke kAraNa anaikAntika kahalAtA hai / yathA - 'zabdo: anityaH prameyatvAt ghaTavat' / yahA~ prameyatvahetukA vipakSabhUta nitya AkAzameM bhI pAyA AnA nizcita hai / ataH yaha anekAntika hai / akiMcitkara siddha sAdhya meM aura pratyakSAdi bAdhita sAdhya meM prayukta honevAlA hetu aki454 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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cikara hai / anyathAnupapattise rahita jitane bhI vilakSaNa hetu haiM, ve akiMcitkara haiM / yathA zabda vinAzI hai, kyoMki kRtaka hai| athavA yaha agni hai, kyoMki dhUma hai| yahA~ kRtakatva aura dhUmazva hetu pratyakSasiddha vinAzitva aura agniko siddha karane meM akiMcitkara hai / - , dRSTAmlAbhAsa dRSTAnta meM sAdhya - sAdhanaka. nirNaya Avazyaka hai| jo dRSTAnta dRSTAntake lakSaNa se rahita hai, vaha dRSTAntAbhAsa kahalAtA hai / dRSTAntAbhAsake mUlataH (1) sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa aura ( 2 ) vaidhamyaMdRSTAntAbhAsa ye do bheda haiN| sAdhamyaMdRSTAntabhAsakai nava bheda aura vaidhamrmyadRSTAntAbhAsake bhI nava bheda hote haiM / sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa: bhevanirUpaNa 1. sAdhyavikala - zabda nitya hai, amUrtika honese, karmake samAna / yahA~ karma dRSTAntasAdhyavikala hai, kyoMki vaha nitya nahIM hai, anitya hai / mUlika hote, pa 2. sAdhanavikala zabda nizya hai yahAM paramANu dRSTAntasAdhanavikala hai| 3. ubhaya vikala-zabda nitya hai, amUttika honese, ghaTavat / yahAM ghaTa dRSTAnta ubhayavikala hai; kyoMki ghaTa na so nitya hai aura na amUrtika hI, vaha anizya tathA mUrtika hai| 4. sandigdhasAdhya -- sugata rAgAdimAn hai, utpattimAn honese, rathyApuruSavat / isa anumAnameM rathyApuruSa meM rAgAdikA nizcaya nahIM hai, ataH pratyakSadvArA usakA nizcaya karanA azakya hai / 5. sandigdhasAdhana -- yaha maraNazIla hai, rAmAdimAt honese, radhyApuruSavat / yahA~ rathyApuruSa meM rAgAdikA pUrvavat anizcaya hai / 6. sandigdhobhaya - yaha asarvajJa haiM, rAgAdimAn honese, radhyApuruSavat / yahA~ radhyApuruSameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoMkA anizcaya hai / 7. ananvaya -- yaha rAgAdimAn haiM, vaktA honese, rathyApuruSavat / yahA~ rathyApuruSameM rAgAdikA sadbhAva siddha na honese anvaya asiddha hai / 8. apradarzitAnvaya - zabda anitya hai, kyoMki kRtaka hai, ghaTakI taraha / sakatA aura anityatAkA anvaya pradarzita nahIM hai / 9. viparItAnvaya - jo anitya hotA hai, vaha kRtaka hotA hai, aisA viparIta anvaya prastuta karanA viparItAnvayasAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 455

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vaiSaHdRSTAntAbhAsa : bhedanirUpaNa 1. sAdhyAzyAvRtta--zabda nitya hai, amUrta honese; jo nitya nahIM hotA, vaha amUrta bhI nahIM hotA, yathA paramANu / yahA~ paramANukA dRSTAnta sAdhyAzyAvRtta vaidhayaMdRSTAntAbhAsa hai, kAraNa paramANuoMmeM sAdhanako vyAvRtti honepara bhI sAdhyako vyAvRtti nahIM hai / 2. sAdhanAcyAvRtta-zabda nitya hai, amUrta honese, karmavat / yahA~ karmakA dRSTAnta sAdhanAjyAvRtta dRSTAntAbhAsa hai; kAraNa karma meM sAdhyakI vyAvRtti honepara sAdhanakI byAvRtti nahIM hai| 3. ubhayAvyAvRtta-zabda nitya hai, amUrta honese, AkAzavat / yahA~ AkAza dRSTAnta ubhayAvyAvRtta hai, kyoMki AkAzameM na sAdhyako vyAvRtti hai aura na sAdhanakI / 4. sandigdhasAdhyavyatireka--sugata sarvajJa hai, kyoMki anupadezAdipramANayuktatattvapravaktA hai, jo sarvajJa nahIM, vaha ukta prakArakA vaktA nahIM, yathA vIthIpuruSa / yahA~ vothIpuruSameM sarvazatvako cyAvRtti anizcita hai / 5. sandigdhasAdhanavyatireka zabda anitya hai, kyoMki sat hai, jo anitya nahIM hotA vaha sat bho nahoM hotA, yathA gagana / yahA~ gaganameM sattvarUpa sAdhanako vyAvRtti sandigdha hai, kyoMki vaha adRzya hai / 6. sandigdhobhayavyatireka-hariharAdi saMsAro hai, kyoMki ajJAnAdiyukta haiM, jo saMsArI nahIM, ve ajJAnAdidoSayukta nahIM, yathA buddha / yahA~ buddha dRSTAntameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoMkI vyAvRtti anizcita hai| 7. avyatireka-zabda nitya hai, amUrta honese; jo nitya nahIM, vaha amUrta nahIM, yathA ghaTa / ghaTameM sAdhyakI vyAvRtti rahanepara bhI hetukI vyAvRtti tatprayukta nahIM hai| 8. apradarzitavyatireka-zabda anitya hai; kyoMki sat hai, AkAzavat / yahA~ vaidhayaMse AkAzamaM vyatireka apradarzita hai| 9. viparItavyatireka-jo sat nahIM, vaha anitya nahIM, yayA AkAza / yahA~ sAdhanako vyAvRttise sAdhanakI vyAvRtti dikhalAyo gayI hai, jo viruddha hai| isaprakAra dRSTAntAbhAsake 9+ 10 18 bheda haiN| 456 : tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya paramparA

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prakArAntarase dRSTAntAbhAsake do bheda haiM: - (1) anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa aura (2) vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsa / anvayadRSTAntAbhAsake cAra bheda hai: - (1) asiddhasAdhya, (2) asiddhasAdhana, (3) asiddho bhaya aura ( 4 ) viparItAnvaya | vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsake bho cAra bheda haiM: - ( 1 ) asiddhasAdhyavyatireka, (2) asiddhasAdhanavyatireka (3) asiddhobhayavyatireka aura ( 4 ) viparItavyatireka / jJAnasAdhana naya + pratyeka vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai| isa kAraNa use anekAntAtmaka kahA jAtA hai / arthAt vastu kathaJcit nitya kathaJcat anitya, kathaJcit eka, kathaJcit aneka, kathaJcit sarvagata kathaJcit asavaMgata kathaJcit sat kathaJcit asat Adi aneka dharmose yukta hai / yadi vastuko sarvathA nitya mAnA jAya to arthakriyA na honese vastu kUTastha ho jAyeMgI aura vRkSa Adise phala, puSpa AdikI utpatti nahIM ho skegii| ataH pratyeka vastuko anekAntAtmaka mAnanA svabhAvasiddha aura tarkasaMgata hai| sAmAnyataH jJAnake do bheda haiM: - ( 1 ) svArtha, (2) parArtha / jo paropadeza ke binA svayaM utpanna ho usako svArtha aura paropadezapUrvaka utpanna ho usako parArthaM kahate haiM / mati, avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala ye cAroM jJAna svArtha hI haiM / zrutajJAna svArtha bhI hai aura parArtha bhI / " jo zrutajJAna zrotra binA anya indriyajanya matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai, vaha svArtha zrutajJAna hai aura jo zrIrendriyajanya matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai, vaha parArthazrutajJAna hai| tathya yaha hai ki zabdako sunakara jo utpanna huA jJAna hai, vaha parArthazrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| kAraNake bheda se kAryameM bhI bheda hotA hai| ataeva jaba zabda ke aneka bheda hai, to tajjanya zrutajJAnake bhI aneka bheda svayaM siddha haiM / isa parArthazrutajJAna ke pratyeka bhedako naya aura ina samasta nayoMke samudAyako parArthazrutajJAna pramANa kahA jAtA hai / isI kAraNa pramANa aura nayameM aMza aMzI meda hai / pramANa aMzo aura naya aMza haiM / eka zabdameM itanI zakti nahIM hai ki vaha samasta mukhya aura gauNa dharmokA eka sAtha vivecana kara ske| ataeva vastuke svarUpako avagata karaneke lie pramANa aura nayako AvazyakatA hotI hai / 1. tatra pramANaM dvividhaM svAyaM parArthaM ca / tatra svAyaM pramANaM zrutavajjem / zrutaM pumaH svAya bhavati parArthaM ca / jJAnAtmakaM svArthaM vacanAtmakaM parArtham / tadvikalpA nayAH / - sarvArthasiddhi - 16. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 457

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masijJAna, avaSikAna, manaHparyazAna aura balazAna, cAra zAna aise haiM, jo dharma-dharmIkA bheda kiye binA bastuko jAnate haiN| isalie ye sabake saba pramANazAna haiN| zrutamAna vicArAtmaka honese kabhI dharma-dharmIkA bheda kiye binA svaspako avagata karatA hai aura kabhI dharma-dharmIkA bheda karake vastukA bodha karatA hai| jaba dharma-dharmIkA bheda kiye binA vastu pratibhAsita hotI hai, saba yaha zrutajJAna pramANa kahalAtA hai aura jaba usameM dharma-dharmIkA bheda hokara vastukA mAna hotA hai, taba vaha naya kahalAtA hai| isI kAraNa nayoMko zrutajJAnakA bheda mAnA gayA hai| nayasvarUpa anantadharmAtmaka hone ke kAraNa vastu bahuta jaTila hai| usako jAnA to jA sakatA hai, para kahA nahIM jA sakatA / use kahane ke lie vastukA vizleSaNa kara eka-eka dharma dvArA kramapUrvaka usakA nirUpaNa karaneke atirikta anya upAya nahIM hai| vaktA kisI eka dharmako mukhyakara usakA kathana karatA hai| usa samaya usako dRSTimeM anya dharma gauNa hote haiM, para niSiddha nahIM / koI eka niSpakSa zrotA usa kathanako kramapUrvaka sunatA huA ansameM vastuke yathArtha akhaNDa vyApaka rUpako grahaNa kara letA hai| yaha vastudharmagrahaNakI prakriyA naya kahalAtI hai / nayakA zAbdika artha hai-nayati iti nayaH arthAt jo jIvAdi padApoMko lAte haiM yA prApta karAte haiM, ve jJAnAMza naya kahalAte haiN| aneka dharmoko yugapat grahaNa karaneke kAraNa pramANa anekAntarUpa aura sakalAdeza hai tathA eka dharmako grahaNa karaneke kAraNa naya ekarUpa va vikalAdezI hai| pramANajJAnako-anya dharmokI apekSAko buddhimeM surakSita rakhate hue prayoga kiyA jAnevAlA naya jJAna yA samyaka vAkya hai / padArtha tIna koTiyoM meM vibhakta hai:-1. asmika yA vasturUpa, 2. zabdAtmaka yA vAcakarUpa aura 3. jJAnAtmaka yA pratibhAsarUpa / ina tIna prakArake padArthoko viSaya karaneke kAraNa naya bhI tIna prakArake hote haiN|--(1) ayanaya, (2) zandanaya, (3) jJAnamaya / vastutaH mukhya-goNavivakSAke kAraNa vaktAke amiprAya aneka prakArake honese nayake aneka bheda haiM / anekAntAtmaka vastukA jisa dharmako vivakSAse vaktA kathana karatA hai usake usI abhiprAyako jAnanevAle zAnako naya kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhAvanayakA lakSaNa hai / usa dharma tathA usake vAcaka zabdako dravyanaya kahate haiM / prakArAntarase dhamavivakSAvaza lokavyavahArake sAdhaka, hetuse utpanna zrutajJAnake vikalpa458 : tIkara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya paramparA

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ko naya kahA jAtA hai / " zAnIkA jo vikalpa vastuke eka aMzako grahaNa karatA hai vaha bhI naya kahalAtA hai / yaha nayavyavasthA pramANa meM ho hotA hai, apramANa meM nahIM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki naya hamezA pramANakA maMzarUpa hI rahatA hai, pUrNa rUpa nahIM / yadi apramANa meM nayavyavasthA mAna lI jAya to kisI bhI vastuko siddhi sambhava nahIM hai aura sarvatra avyavasthA yA anavasthA upasthita ho jAyagI / pramANake viSayabhUta sva aura padArtha ke aMzakA jisake dvArA nirNaya kiyA Aya yaha kahalAtA hai| " nIyate gamyate yena zrutArthAMzo nayo hi saH" arthAt jisake dvArA zrutajJAnarUpa pramANake viSayabhUta padArtha ke aMzakA jJAna kiyA jAya, vaha naya kahalAtA hai / nayakA udbhava zrutajJAnase hotA hai / yaha eka sAyaMka dRSTikoNa hai / isakA prayoga karaneke lie vaktA svatantra hai, para anubandha itanA hI hai ki vaktA eka samayameM eka hI sunizcita dRSTikA sunizcita artha meM prayoga kare / naya virodhako zAnta karatA hai| nirapekSa nayako mithyA aura sApekSa nayako arthakRt mAnA jAtA hai / vastu-adhigamake upAyoMmeM pramANake sAtha nayakA bhI nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai | pramANa vastuke pUrNa rUpako grahaNa karatA hai aura naya pramANake dvArA gRhIta eka aMzako pramANa samaprabhAvase grahaNa karatA hai aura naya aMzarUpase / yathA" ayaM ghaTa: " isa jJAnameM pramANa ghaTako akhaNDa bhAvase rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, Adi ananta guNa-dharmakA vibhAga na karake pUrNarUpameM jAnatA hai, para nayake kathanAnusAra 'rUpavAn ghaTaH' 'rasavAn ghaTaH' Adi eka-eka guNadharmAnusAra vastukA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki pramANa aura naya donoM hI jJAnavRttiyA~ haiN| donoM jJAnAtmaka paryAyeM haiM / jaba zAtAkI sakala grahaNakI dRSTi hotI hai, taba jJAna pramANa hotA hai aura jaba usI pramANase grahIta vastuko khaNDazaH grahaNa karanekI dRSTi rahatI hai, taba aMzagrAhI naya kahalAtA haiN| pramANajJAna nayako utpattike lie bhUmikA taiyAra karatA hai / sArAMzataH sakalagrAhI jJAna pramANa aura aMzagrAhI vikalpajJAna naya hai| akhaNDa bhAva se grahaNa karanA pramANako sImAmeM samAviSTa hai aura khaNDabhAvase grahaNa karanA nayakI sImA ke antargata hai / isIse pramANako sakalAdezI aura nayako vikalAdezI bhI kahA gayA hai / 1. lovANaM vabahAraM zramavivakkhA jo pasAdi / suNANassa viyosAvi liMgasaMbhUdAM // 2. 'svAthaikadeza niNItilakSaNoM hi nayaH smRtaH / svAmIkArtikeyAnuprekSA. - tattvArthazlokavArtika 106/4. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 459

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sunaya evaM surnaya naya bhI viSaya vivecanakI dRSTise samyak aura mithyArUpameM vibhakta haiM / jo naya anekAntAtmaka vastuke kisI dharmavizeSako sApekSikarUpase grahaNa karatA hai vaha sunaya kahalAtA hai / sunaya anekAntAtmaka vastuke kisI vizeSa aMzako mukhyabhAvase grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoMkA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA / unakI ora taTasthabhAva rakhatA hai / yataH anantadharmA vastumeM sabhI nayoMkA samAna adhikAra hai / sunaya vahI kahA jAtA hai jo apane aMzako mukhyarUpase grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoMko gauNa to kare, para unakA nirAkaraNa na kare aura unake astitvako svIkAra kre| jo naya dUsare dharmokA nirAkaraNa karatA hai aura apanA hI adhikAra pratiSThita karatA hai, vaha durnaya hai / pramANameM pUrNa vastu AtI hai / naya eka aMzako mukhyarUpase grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoMko gaula karatA hai / para unakI apekSA rakhatA hai, tiraskAra nahIM karatA / para durnaya anya nirapekSa hokara anyakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| pramANa tat-atat sataura asat sabhIko grahaNa karatA hai, kintu naya syAt, satu rUpameM sApekSa grahaNa karatA hai / durnaya syAtkA tiraskAra ra nizpena hai| jo apane pakSakA Agraha karate haiM, ve sabhI naya mithyA haiM, kyoMki inake dvArA parakA niSedha hotA hai / para jaba ye hI paraspara sApekSa aura anyonyAzrita hote haiM taba samyaktvake sadbhAvavAle ho jAte haiM / " jisa prakAra maNimA~ eka sUtameM piroye jAnepara ratnAvalI yA rasnAhAra bana jAtI haiM usI prakAra sabhI naya sApekSa hokara samyaka ho jAte haiM aura sunaya kahalAte haiN| nirapekSa rahanepara nayoMko durnaya kahA jAtA hai / jitane vacanavikalpa haiM, utane ho naya haiN| jo vacanavikalparUpo naya paraspara sambaddha hokara svaviSayakA pratipAdana karate haiM, ve svasamayaprajJApanAsamyak kathana haiM aura jo anyanirapekSavRtti haiM va anya dharmoka vyAghAtaka honese durnaya yA mithyA naya hai / 1. samhA sakne vi gayA micchAdiTThI sapakkhapabidA | apaNoSNaNitibhA uNa harSAnti sammatta sambhAvA // sanmatisUtra 1 / 21. 2. jAvazyA vayaNavahA sAvaiyA veva hoMti nayavAyA / jAvayA jayavAyA tAvaiyA veva prsmy| // 3. jo vaNijaviyappA saMjjantesu homti eesu / sA samagrapaNNavaNNA vitthaya rA''sAgaNA aNNA // 460 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA - vahIM sUtra 3247. I vahI, sUtra 153.

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sArAMza yaha hai ki pratyeka naya apane-apane viSayako hI grahaNa karate haiM / unakA prayojana apanese bhinna dUsare nayake viSayakA nirAkaraNa karanA nahIM, kintu gauNa - pradhAnabhAvase ye parasparasApekSa hokara hI samyak hote haiN| jisa prakAra pratyeka tantu svatantra rahakara paTakAryako karanemeM asamartha hai, kintu jana tantuoM ke mila jAnepara paTakAryako utpatti hotI hai, usI prakAra pratyeka naya svatantra rahakara apane kAryako utpanna karanemeM asamartha hai, parantu parasparasApekSabhAvase ye naya samyakjJAnakI utpatti karate haiN| nayake binA manuSyako syAdvAdakI pratipatti nahIM hotii| ataH jo ekAntake Agraha se mukta honA cAhate haiM, unheM nayadvArA vastujJAnameM pravRtta honA cAhie / nayabheda vastu sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai / jo vastumeM sAmAnya dharmako mukhyatA se grahaNa karatA hai, vizeSa dharmako gauNa karatA hai, vaha dravyArthika nama hai| isake viparIta jo vastuke sAmAnya svarUpako gauNakara vizeSa svarUpako mukhyatAse grahaNa karatA hai, use paryAyArthika naya kahate haiM / dravyAdhikanaya pramANake viSayabhUta dravyaparyAyAtmaka, ekAnekAtmaka arthakA vibhAga karake paryAyArthika nayake viSayabhUta medako gaurIkArakara apane viSayarUpa dravyako abhedarUpa vyavahAra karatA hai| athavA dravya hI jisakA prayojana hai, vaha dravyArthikanaya hai / " dravyArthikanayoM meM dravya evaM paryAyArthikanayoM meM paryAya viSaya hai / dravyAthikanakI dRSTise dharmadravya, adharmadravya aura AkAzadravya eka-eka haiN| jIva, pudgala aura kAla dravya aneka haiM / paryAyArthika nayakA AdhAra paryAya hai / yaha paryAya arthaparyAya ho. yA vyaJjanaparyAya, sthUlaparyAya ho yA sUkSmaparyAya, zuddhaparyAya ho yA azuddhaparyAya sabhI paryAyArthika nayake viSaya hai / yadyapi paryAyeM sAdi sAnba hI hotI haiN| para aneka paryAyoMke samUharUpa vyaJjanaparyAyakI apekSA paryAyoMke aneka bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| inameM anAdi paryAya to pudgala dravyakI vaha vyaJjanaparyAya hai, jo sUkSmarUpase pariNamanazIla rahanepara bhI bAhyameM sadA jyoM-kI-tyoM dikhalAI 1. dravyamarthaH prayojanamasyetyasau dravyArthikaH / paryArthaH prayojanamasyetyaso paryAyArthikaH // sarvArthasiddhi 1 6. 2. paryAyoM vizeze'pavAdo vyAvRttirityarthaH / tadviSayaH paryAyArthikaH / - sarvArthasiddhi 1-33. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 461

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par3atI hai / yadyapi isa sthUlaparyAyameM bhI pratikSaNa pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| para anAdise anansa taka usakI eka hI dhArA banI rahatI hai| isI kAraNa yaha anAdi-anantaparyAya kahalAtI hai| akRtrima skandharUpa sumeru, candra, sUrya Adi rUpameM isa paryAyakI dhArA dekhI jA sakatI hai| anAdi-sAntaparyAya jIyake audayikamAvako kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki pratyeka prANo anAdikAlase azAnta hai| vaha kaba sarvaprathama azAnta yA azuddha huA thA, yaha kahanA asambhava hai jovako azuddhasAkI AdikA patA lagAnA asambhava hone ke kAraNa vaha anAdi hai| yadi jIva bhavya hai to kisI-na-kisI dina isa azuddhatAkA anta karake zuddha aura zAnsa ho sakatA hai| aise jIvako azuddhatAkA anta dikhalAI par3atA hai / ataH vaha sAnta hai| isa taraha sAdhAraNa saMsArI jIvako azuddhatA audayikabhAvajanya honeke kAraNa anAdi-sAnta hai pudgalakI anAdi-sAnta koI paryAya pratibhAsita nahIM hotI; syoMki paramANu pRthak ho-hokara punaH punaH bandhako prApta hotA rahatA hai| sAdi-anantaparyAya kSAyikabhAvajanya hai, jo utpanna honeke pazcAt punaH naSTa nahIM hotI, yathA siddha parameSThIko pUrNa zuddhaparyAya kisI vizeSa samayameM unake tapazcaraNa Adike dvArA prAdurbhUta to avazya huI thI, para usakA vinAza kabhI nahIM hotA / arthAt isa paryAyakA Adi ho / anta nhiiN| isIlie mahAdi anupama hai| sAdi-sAnsaparyAya do prakArako hotI haiM:-(1) kSaNabhaMgura aura (2) dIrghakAlataka sthita rhnevaalii| kSaNabhaMguraparyAya pratyeka guNake pratikSaNake svAbhAvika parivartanameM ghaTita hotI hai| yaha paryAya kevalajJAnagamya hai / ise SaT guNahAniddhirUpa svabhAvika kSaNikaparyAya yA sUkSma-arthaparyAya bhI kahate haiM / kucha kSaNasthAyI paryAya aupazamikabhAvarUpa hai / yaha paryAya bhI itane kama samaya sthita rahatI hai ki sthalazAnI ise grahaNa nahIM kara paate| pudgalameM bhI yaha paryAya dekhI jA sakatI hai| dIrghakAlasthAyI sAdi-sAntaparyAya bhI do prakArakI hai:-(1) pUrNaazuddha auyikabhAvarUpa, (2) zuddhAzuddhakSAyopazamikabhAvarUpa ] kSAyopazamikabhAvake sAtha audayikabhAvake rahanese ye paryAyeM sAdisAnta sthitiko prApta hotI hai| saMkSepameM sAdi-sAnta paryAya aupazamikabhAva, kSAyopamikabhAva aura audayikabhAva rUpa hoto haiM / ___ opamikabhAva to sAdi-sAnta zuddhabhAva hai| kSAyopazamikabhAva sAdisAnta zuddhAzuddha bhAva haiM aura audayikabhAva sAdi-sAnta azuddhabhAva hai| vicArakI dRSTise paryAyoMke nimnalikhita bheda haiM:462 : toyaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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1. anAdi-nitya-zuddha, 2. sAdi-nasya-zuddha, 3. svabhAva-anittha-zuddha, 4. svabhAva-anitya-azuddha, 5, vibhAva-nitya-zuddha, 6. vibhAva-anitya-azuddha / yoM to vastukI samasta paryAya sUkSmadRSTise sAdi-sAnta hI hotI hai / parantu jisa prakAra arthaparyAyakI apekSA vyaJjanaparyAya adhika samaya taka rahatI haI pratIta hotI hai usI prakAra vastuko kucha vyaJjanaparyAyeM bhI aisI haiM jo anAdi nityarUpase eka hI dhArAke rUpameM pratIta hotI haiN| sAmAnyataH vyaMjanaparyAya koI svatantra paryAya nahIM hai kintu ananta arthaparyAyoMkA sAmUhika phala hai / paryAyAthika naya upayukta sabhI paryAyoMko viSaya karatA hai| abhedagrahaNa karanevAlo dRSTi mAthikanA yA davAdRSTi kahI jAtI hai| aura bhedagrAhiNo dRSTi paryAyAthikanaya yA paryAyadRSTi / abhedakA artha sAmAnya hai aura bhedakA vizeSa / vastuoM meM abheda aura bhedako kalpanAkA AdhAra-UdhrvatA yA tiryaka sAmAnya hai| abhedakI eka kalpanA to eka akhaNDa maulika dravya meM apanI dravyazaktike kAraNa vivakSita hai jo dravya yA kavatAsAmAnya kAhI jAtI hai| isa kalpanAza kAlakramase honevAlI kramikaparyAyoMmeM Upara nIce taka vyApta rahaneke kAraNa vastu kavatAsAmAnya kahalAtI hai ! kramikaparyAya aura sahabhAvI guNa vyApta rahate haiN| dUsarI abhedakalpanA vibhinna sattAvAle aneka drajyoM meM saMgrahako dRSTise kI jAto hai / isameM sAdRzyako apekSA rahanese siryak sAmAnyakA astitva rahatA hai / eka dravyako paryAyoMmeM honevAlI bhedakalpanA paryAyavizeSa kahalAtI hai aura vibhinna dravyoMmeM pratIta honevAlI dUsarI bhedakalpanA tiryak kahalAtI hai| paramArthataH pratyeka vyagata abhedako grahaNa karane vAlA naya dravyAdhika aura pratyeka dravyagataparyAyabhedako grahaNa karanevAlA naya paryAyArthika kahalAtA hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya ___ AtmasiddhimeM prayojanIya do naya hai:-(1) nizcaya Ara (2) vyavahAra athavA {1) paryAyAthika aura (2) dravyArthika | nizcayanaya Atma-sidikA hetu hai / nizcayanayako bhUtArtha aura vyavahArako abhUtArtha kahA jAtA hai / vyavahAranaya abhUtArtha honese abhUta arthako prakAzita karatA hai aura nizcayanaya zuddha honeke kAraNa bhUtArthako prakAzita karatA hai / yahA~ abhUtArthameM naJ samAsa kiyA gayA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 463

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hai aura natra samAsa ke do artha hote haiM: - paryudAsa aura prasajya paryudAsapakSa niSedhasUcaka niyama honepara bhI vidhike rUpameM upasthita hotA hai| yahA~ abhUtArthameM 'abrAhmaNa' aura 'anudarA kanyA ke samAna paryudAsa pakSa hai / anudarA kanyA udarase hona nahIM, apitu laghu udaravAlI hai, isI prakAra abhUtArtha sarvathA abhUtArthaM nahIM apitu kiJcit abhUtArthaM hai| jaba nizcayanaya zuddhAtmAko mukhyatAse viSaya karatA hai, usa samaya vyavahAranaya goNarUpameM upasthita rahatA hai / yadi eka nayakA vyavahAra karate samaya dUsarI nayadRSTikA sarvadhA parityAga kara diyA jAya, to nayajJAna sunayakoTimeM nahIM A sakatA hai / nizcayanayako prakRti antarmukhI adhika aura vyavahAranayakI prakRti bahimukhI hotI hai / nizvayanaya dvArA bAharase bhItara kI ora dekhanA Arambha karatA hai arthAt zarIrase AtmAko ora unmukha hotA hai aura vyavahAranaya dvArA zarIrako ora hI dRSTi rahatI hai / vastuke eka abhinna aura svAzrita - paranirapekSa pariNamanako jAnanevAlA nizcayanaya hai aura anekarUpa tathA parAzrita - para- sApekSa pariNamanako avagata karanevAlA vyavahAranaya hai / vastutaH guNaparyAyoMse abhinna AtmAko pariNasike kathanako nizcayatyakA viSaya mAnA jAtA hai aura karmanimittase honevAlI AtmAko pariNatiko vyavahAranayakA viSaya kahA jAtA hai / nizcayanaya svabhAvako viSaya karatA hai, vibhAvako nhiiN| jo 'sva' meM 'sva' ke nimittase hotA hai vaha svabhAva hai, jaise jIvake jJAnAdi / aura jo svameM parake nimittase hote haiM ve vibhAva haiM, jaise jova meM krodhAdi / nizcayanaya AtmAmeM krodha mAna-mAyA-lobha Adi vikAroMko svIkRta nahIM krtaa| ve pudgaladravya ke nimittase hote haiM, ataH paudgalika kahe jAte haiM / parake nimittase honevAle kAma-krodhAdi vikAra bhI kathacit AtmA ke haiM ataH azuddha nizcayanayakI apekSA ina vikAroMko bhI AtmAkI vibhAvapariNatike rUpameM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya meM bhUtArtha aura abhUtArthakI kalpanA bhI apekSAkRta hai| arthAt vyavahAranaya nizcayanayakI apekSA abhUtArtha haiM, svarUpa aura svaprayojanakI apekSAse nahIM / yadi vyavahArako sarvathA abhUtArtha mAnA jAya to vastuvyavasthA ghaTita nahIM ho sakegI / cintakakA abhimata hai ki jisa prakAra mlecchoM ko samajhAneke liye mleccha bhASAkA prayoga karanA ucita hotA hai, usI prakAra vyavahArI jIvoMko paramArthakA pratipAdaka honese tIrthako pravRttike nimitta aparamArtha honepara bhI vyavahAranayakA abhUtArtha batalAnA nyAyasaMgata hai / arthAt vyavahArataya sarvathA asatya 464 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA I

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nahIM hai / yaha bhI satyake nikaTa pahuMcAnevAlA hai, ata: usake Alambanase padArthakA pratipAdana karanA ucita hai / anyathA vyavahArake binA nizcayanayase jIva zarIrase sarvathA bhinna dikhalAyA gayA hai / isa avasthA meM jisa prakAra bhasmakA upamardana karanese hiMsA nahIM hotI, usI prakAra sa sthAvara jIvoMkA niHzaMka upamardana karane se hiMsA nahIM hogI aura hisAke na honese bandhakA abhAva ho jAyagA | isake atirikta rAgI, dveSI aura mohI jIva bandhako prApta hotA hai, ataH use aisA upadeza diyA gayA hai, jisase vaha rAga-dveSa aura mohase chuTakArA pA le / arthAt jo AcAryoMne mokSakA upAya batalAyA vaha vyartha ho jAyagA; kyoMki paramArthase jIva rAga-dveSa-go anna hI diyA hai. jaba AtmA sarvathA zarorase bhinna hai taba mokSake upAya svIkAra karanA asaMgata hogA aura isa prakAra mokSakA bhI abhAva ho jAyagA / " Azaya yaha hai ki nizcaya aura vyavahAra ye donoM hI natha pAtrabhedakI dRSTise pratipAdita haiN| eka ho nayakA mAzraya lenese samasta pAtroMkA kalyANa nahIM ho sakatA / jo paramabhAvako avagata karanevAlA hai, usake liye zuddha tattvakA kathana karanevAlA nizcayanaya grAhya hai aura jo aparamabhAvameM sthita haiM, unake liye vyavahAranaya / nizcaya aura vyavahAra ye donoM hI apanI-apanI dRSTise padArtha-svarUpake bodhaka haiN| jo jIva yathArtha rUpase nizcaya aura vyavahArako avagata kara ekAntapakSakA tyAga karatA hai aura madhyasthavRtti gRhaNa karatA hai vahI Atma-svarUpako samajhatA hai / jo jIva svayaM mohkA vamanakara nizcaya aura vyavahArake virodhako dhvasta karanevAle 'syAt' padase cihnita nayavacanoMkA anusaraNa karatA hai, vaha parama jyotisvarUpa AtmAko avagata kara letA hai / vastusvarUpakA parijJAna prApta vyavahAro hi vyavahAriNAM mlecchabhASeSa mlecchAnAM paramArthapratipAdakasyA daparamArtho'pi tIrthapravRttinimittaM darzayituM nyAyya eva / tamaMtareNa tu zarIrAjjIvasya paramArthato bhedadarzanAt sasthAvarANAM bhasmana iSa niHzaMkamupamardanena hisA'bhAvAdbhayatyeva bandhasyAmAtraH / tathA rakto dviSTo vimUDho jIvo vadhyamAno mocanIya iti rAgadveSamohebhyo jIvasya paramArthato bhedavarzanena mokSopAyaparigrahaNAbhAvAt bhavatyevamokSasyAbhAva: / 2. samayasAra gAthA 12. 30 samayasAra gAthA 4: amRtacandrAcAryakI TIkA. , tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 465

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+ mada hai| karane ke liye donoM nayoMkA avalambana Avazyaka hai| AtmaprazA yA AspAnumattike samaya vyavahAra nayakA avalambana heya hai| para vastusvarUpakA yathArtha jJAna prApta karaneke liye ubhayanayoMkA Alambana Avazyaka hai| nayA~ banya bheSa-prabheva dravyAthika aura paryAyAdhika ina mUlanayoMke do-do bheda hai:-1. adhyAtmadravyAthika, 2. zAstrIyadravyArthika, 3. adhyAtmaparyAyArthika, 4. shaastriiypryaayaadhik| inameM se adhyAtmadravyAthikake daza bheda haiM aura adhyAtmaparyAyAthikake chaha bheda haiM / zAstrIyadravyArthikake mUlataH tIna bheda haiM aura upabhedoMkI apekSA sAta bheda haiN| tIna bhedoMmeM negama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra haiN| naigamake tIna bheda, saMgrahake do bheda aura vyavahArake do bheda isa prakAra 3 +2+2=7 meda haiM / zAstrIyaparyAyAthikake cAra bheda haiM:-RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUda aura evaMbhUta / inameM RjusUtra nayake do bheda haiM aura zeSa nayoMmeM koI upabheda nahIM hai| isa prakAra zAstrIyaparyAyAthikake 2+3.1. 105 mer| isa taraha zAstrIyanayake 7+5- 12 aura adhyAtmake 10+6 - 16 kula 16 + 12 - 28 nizcayanayake bheda haiN| ___ vyavahAranayake mUlataH tIna bheda haiM:-1. sadbhUta, 2. asadbhUta, 3. upacarita / inameM sadbhUtake do, asadbhUtake tIna aura upacaritake tIna isa prakAra vyavahAranapake kula ATha bheda haiN| nizcaya 28 + vyavahAranaya 8-36 nayake samasta bheda haiM / 1. karmopAdhinirapekSazuddhadravyAthika-karmabandhasaMyakta saMsArI jIvako zaktikI apekSA siddhasamAna zuddha grahaNa karanA / 2. sattAgrAhakazuddhadravyArthika-utpAda-vyayako gauNakara kevala sattAko grahaNa krnaa| 3. bhedavikalpanirapekSazuddhadravyAthika--guNa-guNo aura paryAya paryAyImeM bheda na kara dravyako guNa-paryAyase abhinna grahaNa karatA 1 4. karmopAghisApekSaazuddhadravyArthika-jIvameM krodhAdibhAvoMkA grahaNa krnaa| 5. zattAgrAhaka azuddhadravyAthika-utpAdavyayamizrita sattAko grahaNa krnaa| 6. bhedakalpanAsApekSaazuddhadravyArthika-dravyako guNa-guNo Adi bheda sahita grahaNa karanA / 7. anvayadraSyAthika-samasta muNa-paryAyoMmeM dravyako anvayarUpa grahaNa karanA 466 : tocakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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8. svadravyAdigrAhakadravyAthika - svadravyAdicatuSTayakI apekSAse dravyake satsvarUpako grahaNa karanA / 9. paradravyAdigrAhakadravyArthika-para-dravyAdicatuSTayakI apekSAse dravyako asatsvarUpa grahaNa karanA 10. paramabhAvagrAhIdravyArthika - azuddha zuddhopacArarahita dravya ke parama svabhAvako grahaNa karanA 11. anAdinitya paryAyAyika--- anAdinidhanaparyAyoMko grahaNa karanA 12. sAdinityaparyAyArthika - karmakSaya se utpanna avinAzI paryAyako grahaNa karanA | 13. anityazuddhaparyAyArthika sattAko gauNakara utpAda-vyaya svabhAvako grahaNa karanA | 14. anitya- azuddhaparyAyArthika- paryAyako eka samaya meM utpAda vyaya aura prauvyasvabhAvayukta grahaNa karanA / 15. karmopAdhinirapekSa- anitya- azuddhaparyAyAyika saMsArI jIvoMkI paryAyako siddhasadRza zuddhaparyAya grahaNa karanA / MANY 16. karmopASisApekSa aniraya azuddhaparyAvadhika-saMsArI jIyoMkI catu sambandhI anitya- azuddha paryAyako grahaNa karanA / 17. bhUtanaigama -- asIta meM vartamAnakA Aropa karanA / 18. bhAvinaigama bhAvo meM bhUtavat kathana karanA / 19. varttamAnanaMgama -- prArambha hue kAryako taiyAra huA kathana karanA / 20. sAmAnyasaMgraha - satsAmAnyako apekSA samasta dravyoMko ekarUpameM grahaNa karanA / 21. vizeSasaMgraha - jAtivizeSakI apekSAse aneka paryAyoMko ekarUpameM grahaNa karanA | 22. zuddhavyavahAra -- sAmAnya saMgrahanayake viSayako bhedarUpameM grahaNa karanA | 23. azuddhavyavahAra - vizeSasaMgraha ke viSayako bhedarUpameM grahaNa karanA | 24. sUkSmaRjusUtra - ekasamayavartI sUkSma arthaparyAyako grahaNa karanA / 25. sthUlasUtra - anekasamayavartI sthUla paryAyako grahaNa karanA / 26. zabdanaya - liGga, saMkhyA, sAdhana Adike vyabhicArako dUra karanevAle jJAna aura vacanako grahaNa karanA / 27. samabhirUr3ha --- zabdake aneka vAkyoMmeMse kisI eka mukhya vAcyako grahaNa karanA / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 467

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28. evabhUta- jisa kriyAkA vAcaka jo zabda hai usa kriyArUpa pariNata padArthako grahaNa karanA / 29. sabhUtavyavahAra--- padArtha meM guNa guNIko bhedarUpase grahaNa karanA / 30. upacaritasadbhUtavyavahAra-sopAdhika guNa - muNIko bhedarUpase grahaNa karanA / 31. anupacaritasadbhUtavyavahAra- nirupAdhika guNa-gugoko bhedarUpa grahaNa karanA ! 32. asadbhUtavyavahAra-bhitra padArthoMko abhedarUpa grahaNa karanA / 33. upacaritAsamUtavyavahAra-saMzleSarahita vastuko abhedarUpaNa karanA / 34. anupacaritAdbhUtavyavahAra-saMzleSamahita vastuko abhedarUpa grahaNa karanA / " AdhyAtimA koTa landa AtmA zuddha svarUpakI pratIti, anubhUti aura prApti meM sahAyaka, (1) zuddhanizcaya, (2) azuddhanizcaya, (3) upacaritasadbhUtavyavahAra, (4) anupacaritasadbhUtavyabahAra, (5) upacaritAsabhUtavyavahAra aura ( 6 ) anupacaritAsabhUtavyavahAra naya haiM ! ina nayoM dvArA vastuko jAnakArIse 'sva' kA grahaNa aura 'para'kA tyAga hotA hai / mUlatayoMkI mAnyatAke sambandhameM vivAda hai| kisI cintakake matase mUlanaya pA~ca, kisIke matase chaH aura kisIke mata se sAta haiN| vastutaH vividha dRSTikoNoMke AdhArapara nayoMke asaMkhyAta bhI bheda saMbhava hai / pratyeka naya eka nayA dRSTikoNa upasthita karatA hai aura yaha dRSTikoNa apane meM samIcIna hotA hai| mUla naya sAta haiM: - 1. gaiMgamanaya saMkalpamAtrake grAhakako naMgamanaya kahA jAtA hai / yaha zabda, zIla, karma, kArya, kAraNa, AkAra aura Adheya Adike Azrayase upacArako viSaya karatA hai / yathA - 'azvatthAmA hato naro vA kuro vA vAkyameM azvatthAmA nAmaka hAthoke mAre jAnepara anya vyaktiko bhrama utpanna karaneke hetu azvatthAmA 1. mayoMko vizeSa jAnakArIke lie dekhie - nayacakra, AlApapaddhati aura jenasidAntadarpaNa | 468 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI kaSAyaM paramparA

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zabdakA azvatthAmA nAmaka puruSameM upacAra kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra zolake ninittase kisI manuSyako krodhI dekhakara 'siMha' kahanA zolopacAra hai / rAkSasakarma karate hue dekhakara kisIko rAkSasa kahanA; annakA prANavAraNarUpa kArya dekhakara annako prANa kahanA; svarNahArako kAraNako mukhyatAse svarNa kahanA; kisIko uccasthAnapara beThaneke lie mila jAnepara use rAjA kahanA aura kisIke ojasvI bhASaNako sunakara vyAsapIThakA garjana kahanA naigamanaya hai| saMkSepameM jo bhUta aura bhaviSyat paryAyoMmeM vartamAnakA saMkalpa karatA hai yA vartamAna meM jo paryAya pUrNa nahIM huI, use pUrNa mAnasA hai, usa jJAna yA vacanako naMgamanaya kahate haiM / yathA--koI vyakti pAnI bharakara caukemeM lakar3I DAla rahA hai / usase koI pUchatA hai, kyA karate ho ? vaha uttara detA hai-bhAta banAtA huuN| yadyapi usa samaya bhAta nahIM hai, kintu bhAta banAnekA saMkalpa kiyaa| yaha saMkalpa ho naigamanaya hai| naMgamanayake paryAyanagama, dravyanagama aura dravyaparyAyanagama ye tIna bheda haiN| paryAyanagamake tIna bheda haiM:-(1) arthaparyAyanegama, (2) vyaJjanaparyAyanagama aura (3) arthavyajanaparyAyanegama / dravyanagamake do bheda hai:-(1) zuddhadravyanagama aura (2) azakhadavyanagama / dravyaparyAyanagamake cAra bheda haiM:-zuddhadravyArthaparyAyanegama, (3) azuddhadravyArthaparyAya naigama aura 14) azuddhadravyavyaJjanaparyAyanaigama | 2. saMgraha apanI jAtikA virodha na karake samasta vizeSoMko eka rUpase grahaNa karanevAlA saMgrahahnaya hai / saMgrahanayake do bheda haiM:-(1) parasaMgraha aura (2) aparasaMgraha / samasta vizeSoMmeM sadA udAsIna rahanevAlA parasaMgraha sammAtra zadavyakA grAhaka hai, yathA satsAmAnyakI apekSA vizva advaitarUpa hai, para jo vizeSoMkA nirAkaraNAkara sattAdvaitako mAnya karatA hai, vaha parasaMgrahAbhAsa hai / sarasAmAnyake avAntarabhedoMko ekarUpase saMgraha karanevAlA aparasaMgraha hai| yathA-dravyatvakI apekSA saba dravya eka hai aura paryAyatvako apekSA saba paryAya eka haiM / 3: jyavAhAranama ___ saMgrahanayake dvArA gRhIta artho kA vidhipUrvaka vibhAga karanevAle abhiprAyako vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| saMgrahanaya samasta padArtho ko sat rUpase grahaNa karatA hai aura vyavahAranaya usakA vibhAga karatA hai, jo sat hai, vaha dravya aura paryAyarUpa hai| jisa prakAra saMgrahanayameM saMgrahakI apekSA rahatI hai, usI prakAra tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI vedAnA : 469

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vyavahAranayameM vibhaagiikrnnkii| padArthoke vidhipUrvaka vibhAga karane rUpa jitane vicAra pAye jAte haiM, ve saba vyavahAranayako zreNImeM parigaNita' haiM / 4. RjusUtranaya ___ yaha naya bhUta aura bhAvI paryAyoMko chor3akara vartamAna paryAyako hI grahaNa karatA hai / yaha jJAtavya hai ki eka paryAya eka samaya taka hI rahatI hai, usa eka samayavartI paryAyako arthaparyAya kahate haiM / yaha arthaparyAya sUkSma RjusUtranayakA viSaya hai| vyavahArameM eka sthUlaparyAya dIrghakAla taka banI rahatI hai| yathA manuSyaparyAya Ayuke ansa taka rahatI hai / sthUlaparyAyako grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna aura vacana sthUla RjusUtranaya kahA jAtA hai| RjusUtranaya nitya dravyako gauNakara kSaNavartI paryAyako pradhAnatAse grahaNa karatA hai| 5. zabanaya liGga, saMkhyA, kAla, kAraka, puruSa aura upasarga Adike bhedase arthako bheda rUpa grahaNa karanevAlA zabdanaya hotA hai| zandakI pradhAnatAke kAraNa ise zabdanaya kahate haiM / bhinna-bhinna liGgavAle zabdoMkA eka hI vAcya mAnanA liGgavyAbhicAra hai| yaha naya mAnatA hai ki jaba ye saba alaga-alaga haiM taba inake dvArA kahA jAnevAlA artha bhI pRthaka-pRthak ho honA cAhie / isI kAraNa kiyAbhedase bhI arthabheda mAnA jAtA hai / yathA-'devadatta ghaTako karatA hai' aura 'devadatta dvArA ghaTa kiyA jAtA hai' ina donoM vAkyoM meM kartRvAcya aura kamaMghAcyakA bheda honepara laukika vyavahArako dRSTise ekAryatA mAnI jAtI hai; para isa nayakI dRSTise yaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki vAkyabhedase vAkyArthameM bheda hotA hai / 6. samabhinaya liGga AdikA bheda na honepara bhI zabdabhedase arthakA bheda mAnanevAlA samabhirUDhanaya hai / jahA~ zabdanaya zandabhebase arthabheda nahIM mAnatA, vahA~ yaha naya zabdabheda dvArA arthabheda svIkAra karatA hai| yathA-indra, zakra aura purandara ye sonoM zabda svargake svAmI indrake vAcaka haiM aura eka ho liGgake haiM; kintu ye tInoM zabda usa indra ke bhinna-bhinna dharmoko kahate haiM / jaba Ananda karatA hai to indra kahA jAtA hai, zaktizAlI honese zaka aura puroM-garoMko naSTa karanevAlA honese purandara kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra yaha naya paryAyabhedase zabdake bhinna artha mAnatA hai| 440 : tIrSakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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7. evaMbhUtanaya jisa zabdakA jisa kriyArUpa artha hai, vaha kriyA jaba ho rahI ho tabhI usa padArthako grahaNa karanevAlA vacana aura jJAna evaM bhUtana kahalAtA hai| samAbharUr3ha naya jahA~ zabdabhedake anusAra arthabheda karatA hai, vahA~ evaMbhUtanaya vyutpatyarthake ghaTita honepara ho zabdabhedake anusAra arthabheda karatA hai| yaha mAnatA hai ki jisa zabdakA jisa kriyArUpa artha hai / tadrUpa kriyAse pariNata samaya meM hI usa zabdakA vaha artha ho sakatA hai, anya samayameM nahIM / yathA-pUjA karate samaya hI pujArI kahanA, anya samayameM usa vyaktiko pujArI na kahanA evaMbhUtakA viSaya hai / ye sAtoM naya paraspara sApekSA avasthAmeM hI samyak mAne jAte haiM, nirapekSa avasthAma durnaya / inameM naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra arthanaya kahalAte haiM aura zeSa tIna zabdanaya / ina nayoMkA uttarottara alpaviSaya hotA gayA hai| ina nayoMmeM prAraMbhake tona dravyAthika haiM aura zeSa cAra paryAyAthika haiN| sthAhAva syAvAdazabdakI niSpatti 'syAt' aura 'vAda' ina do padoMke yogase huI hai / 'syAt' vidhiliGmeM banA huA tiSThanta pratirUpaka nipAta hai| isameM mahAn uddezya aura vAcaka zakti nihita hai| ise satya kA cihna yA pratIka kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI ise sunizcita dRSTikoNakA vAcaka mAnA gayA hai| zabdakA yaha svabhAva hai ki vaha kisI nizcita arthakA avadhAraNa kara anyakA pratiSedha kare, kintu 'sthAt anyake pratiSedhapara aMkuza lagAtA hai| zabda svArthakA pratipAdana to karatA hI hai, para zeSakA niSedha bhI kara detA hai, jisase vastusthitikA citrAGkana nahIM ho paataa| 'syAt' zabda isI niraMkuzatAko rokatA hai, aura nyAyyavacanapaddhatikI sUcanA detA hai / yaha nipAta hai aura nipAta dyotaka evaM vAcaka donoM prakArake hote haiN| ataH 'syAt' zabda anekAnta sAmAnyakA vAcaka hotA hai aura jaba yaha anekAntakA dyotana' karatA hai, taba 'asti' Adi padoMke prayogase jina astisva Adi dhokA pratipAdana kiyA jA jAtA hai, vaha anekAntarUpa hai; yaha ghosita hotA hai| saMkSepameM syAvAdakA ayaM 'kathaJcit kathana karanA hai| vastuke vAstavika rUpako prApti syAdvAda dvArA hI hotI hai| syAvAda sunaya nirUpaNa karanevAlI viziSTa bhASApaddhatti hai| yaha nizcita rUpase batalAtA hai ki yastu kevala isI dharmavAlI nahIM hai, kintu isake atirikta anya dharma bhI samAhita haiM / yathA-"syAt rUpavAn ghaTa:" kahanepara yaha artha tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 401

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nikalatA hai ki samasta ghar3epara rUpakA hI adhikAra nahIM hai, apitu ghar3A bahuta bar3A hai, usameM ananta dharma haiN| rUpa bho una ananta dharmoM se eka hai| rUpakI vivakSA honese abhI rUpa hamArI dRSTimeM mukhya hai aura vahI zabda dvArA vAcya bana rahA hai, para rasakI vivakSA honepara rUpa gauNarAzimeM sammilita ho sakatA hai aura rasa pradhAna baru jAtA hai / isa hA zanda ga gumyamatrase anekAnta athake pratipAdaka haiN| isI satyakA udghATana 'syAt' zabda karatA hai| vastutaH 'syAt' zabda eka sajaga praharI hai, jo kahe jAnevAle dharmako idharaubara nahIM jAne detaa| vaha avivakSita dharmoM ke adhikArakA saMrakSaka hai| ataH isa zabdakA artha zAyada sambhAvanA yA kadAcit nahIM hai| 'syAdasti ghaTa:' vAkyameM astipadakA vAcya astitva' aMza ghaTameM sunizcirUpase vartamAna hai| 'syAt zabda usa astitvako sudRr3ha sthitikA sUcaka hai aura nAstitva Adi sahayogI dhokA mauna svIkartA hai, yaha svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvakI dRSTise jisa prakAra ghaTameM nivAsa karatA hai usI prakAra paradravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva Adiko apekSAse usakA bhAI nAstitva dharma bhI rahatA hai| vastu meM rahanevAle anantadhoMmeMse 'syAta' zabda kisI eka dharmako ora mukhyarUpase iMgitakara avazeSa dharmoMke sadbhAvakI sUcanA detA hai| satyakA darzana syAdvAdako bhUmipara ho ho sakatA hai / yaha apekSAvizeSase anya apekSAoMko nirAkRsa na karate hue vastukA pratipAdana karatA hai| jaba hama kisI vastuko 'sat' kahate haiM usa samaya usa vastuke svarUpako apekSAse hI use 'sat' kahA jAtA hai / apanese bhinna anyavastuke svarUpako apekSAse pratyeka vastu 'asat hai / 'sat' aura 'asat' sApekSika haiN| jisa apekSAse vastu 'sat' hai usa upekSAse 'asat nahIM hai aura jisa apekSAse 'asat hai usa apekSAse 'sat' nahIM hai / vastumeM anekadharmatA vidyamAna hai| vaktA jisa dharmakA kathana karaneko vivakSA karatA hai, usa dharmakA vaha kisI daSTivizeSase pratipAdana kara detA hai / eka hI dRSTise pratyeka vastu vivecya nahIM ho sakatI hai / vastutaH pratyeka vastu anekAntAtmaka hai / usameM aneka dharmaguNa-svabhAva aura aMza vidyamAna haiM / jo vyakti kisI bhI vastuko eka orase dekhatA hai usakI daSTi eka dharma yA guNapara ho par3atI hai| ataH vaha usakA samyakadraSTA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| samyadraSTA hone ke liye use usa vastuko saba orase dekhanA cAhie aura usake dharmo, aMzoM aura svabhAvoMpara dRSTi DAlanI cAhie / sikkekI eka ho pIThikA dekhanevAlA vyakti sikkeke yathArtharUpase nirNaya nahIM kara sakatA hai| para jaba usako dRSTi sikkekI dUsarI pIThikApara par3atI hai, to vaha pUrva pIThikA 472 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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ke svarUpakA samanvaya kiye binA usakA yathArtha nirNAyaka nahIM mAnA jA hai . jo vyakti kisI vastuke eka hI aMza, dharma athavA guNa, svabhAvako dekhakara use eka hI svarUpa mAnatA hai, dUsare svarUpako svokAra nahIM karatA, usa vyaktikI ekAnta dhAraNA mAnI jAtI hai / para jaba vahI vyakti apanI dRSTiko udAra banA letA hai aura dUsare pakSakA bhI avalokana karane lagatA hai to usakI dRSTi anekAntAtmaka ho jAtI hai / 1 isa bAtake spaSTIkaraNa ke liye hAthI aura janmAndha vyaktiyoMkA udAharaNa liyA jA sakatA hai| eka vanameM eka hAthI nikalA aura jina janmAndha vyaktiyoMne kabhI hAthIkA darzana nahIM kiyA thA ve usakA darzana karaneke liye gae / kucha vyaktiyoMne usa hAthI kI sU~r3akA sparza kiyA, kuchane usake peTakA sparza kiyA, kuchane pUMchakA sparza kiyA, kuchane kAnakA peza kiyA aura kuchane parakA sparza kiyaa| ve jaba Apasa meM mile to hAthoMke svarUpako lekara Apasa meM vivAda karane lage / jinhoMne hAthIke kAnakA sparza kiyA ye kahane lage ki hAthI sUpake samAna hotA hai / jinhoMne pUchakA sparza kiyA thA ye kahane lage hAthI jhADUke samAna hotA hai| jinhoMne sU~r3akA sparza kiyA thA ve kahane lage ki hAthI mUsalake samAna hotA hai / jinhoMne perakA sparza kiyA thA ke kahane lage hAthI khambhe ke samAna hotA hai| isa prakAra apanI-apanI bAtako lekara ve sabhI janmAndha vyakti ApasameM lar3ane agar3ane lage aura eka dUsarese zatrutA dhAraNakara IrSyAlu bana gaye / eka netravAlA vyakti vahIM AyA aura usane una lar3ate-jhagar3ate hue janmAndha vyaktiyoMko samajhAyA ki Apa sabhI logoM kA kahanA AMzika rUpameM satya hai / jinhoMne pUchakA sparza kiyA hai ve zAke samAna kahate haiM / kAnakA sparza karanevAle vyakti hAthIko sUpake samAna balatAle haiN| sU~r3akA sparza karanevAle vyakti hAthIko mUsalake samAna aura pairakA sparza karanevAle use khambhe ke samAna kahate haiM vastutaH kAna, nAka, pUcha aura paira Adi sabhI aMgoMke sApekSika milA denepara hAthIkA svarUpa khar3A ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra aneka dharmAtmaka vastuke svarUpakA nirNaya bhI sApekSika dRSTiyoM dvArA hI sambhava hai / sarvathA ekAntakA tyAgakara anekAntako svIkAra kara hI vastukA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai / vastu aneka virodhI dharmokA samUharUpa hai / ina aneka dharmokA nirUpaNa eka sAtha sambhava nahIM hai, yataH aneka dharmoMko eka sAtha jAnA so jA sakatA hai kintu eka zabda eka samaya meM aneka dharmokA kathana nahIM kara sakatA hai / zabdakI zakti vastuke eka hI dharma-guNake vyAkhyAna taka sImita tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 473

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hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki zabdako pravRtti baktAke adhIna hai| vaktA vastuka aneka dharmose kisI eka dharmakA mukhyatAse vyavahAra karatA hai / yathA devadattako eka hI samaya meM usakA pitA bhI bulAtA hai aura putra bhii| pitA use putra kahakara aura putra use pitA kahakara bulAtA hai / devadatta yahAM na kevala pitA ho hai na kevala putra hI, kintu vaha pitA bhI hai aura putra bhI / ataeva pitAko daSTise devadattakA putratva dharmaM mukhya hai aura zeSa dharmaM gauNa hai aura putrako dRSTise devadattameM pitRtva dharma mukhya hai aura zeSa dharma gauNa hai / kyoMki aneka dharmAtmaka vastuse jisa dharmako vivakSA hotI hai vaha dharma yA guNa mukhya kahalAtA hai aura itara dharma gauNa / ataH vastu anekAntAtmaka hai yA anantasahabhAvI gaNoM - aura ananta kramabhAvI pAyokA samUha hai| vastuka. stutva isane meM hI parisamApta nahIM hotA, vaha isase bhI vizAla hai / spaSTatA ke liye yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ghaTa sAmane hai / A~khoMse ghaTakA rUpa aura AkAra dikhalAI par3atA hai| para ghaTa kevala rUpa aura AkAramAtra nahIM hai / ghaTako UMcA uThAnepara yA use idhara-udhara uThAnepara usake anya dharma- guNa pragaTa hote haiM / ataH ghaTakA pUrA svarUpa samajhane ke liye kisI aise tattvajJAnIkI zaraNa lenI hogI jA ghaTa meM rahanevAle rUpa-rasa-gandha aura sparza Adi sthUla indriyoMse pratIta honevAle tathA indriyoMse pratIsa na honevAle ananta guNoMet frepaNa kara sake / ghaTameM ananta sahabhAvo guNoMke sAtha anantakamabhAvI paryAyeM bhI vidyamAna haiM / ataH sahabhAvo aura kramabhAvI anantaguNaparyAyake jAna lenepara hI vastukA svarUpa pUrNa hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vastumeM aneka virodhI-sattA asatA, nizyatA, anityatA, ekatA, anekatA prabhRti vibhinna guNaparyAya vidyamAna haiM / 1 anekadharmAtmaka vastuko pRthak-pRthak dRSTikoNoMse samajhanA aura vibhinna dRSTikoNoMse saMgata honevAle kintu paraspara viruddha prasIta honevAle aneka dharmoko prAmANika rUpa se svIkAra karanA anekAntavAda hai / sAdhAraNataH anekAntasiddhAnta syAdvAda kahalAtA hai / para vAstava meM anekAnta siddhAnta vyakta karanevAlI sApekSa bhASApaddhati hI syAdvAda hai / yaha hameM jJAta hai ki pratyeka vastumeM ananta dharma vidyamAna hai aura una samasta dharmokA abhinna samudAya hI vastu hai / isa vastusvarUpako vyakta karaneke liye bhASA kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha anekAntakI bhASA hI syAdvAda hai / bhASA zabdoMse banatI hai aura zabda dhAtumase niSpanna haiM / eka dhAtu bhale 474 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA : :

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hI anekArthaka mAnI jAya para eka kAlameM aura eka hI prasaMgameM vaha aneka arthoM kA dyotana nahIM kara sktii| ata: pAtuoMse niSpanna zabda bhI eka hI guNadharmakA bodha karAtA hai| aisA koI eka zabda nahIM, jo eka sAtha aneka dharmoM kA pratipAdana kara sake / ataeva yaha Avazyaka hai ki bastuke astitva, nAstitva Adi dharmokA sApekSAtmaka bhASA dvArA kathana kiyA jAya / yaha pUrvameM hI batAyA jA cukA hai ki syAdvAda vastumeM rahanevAle sApekSika dhokA dRSTibhedase kathana karatA hai / 'syAt' zabda dhAtujanita na hokara avyayaniSpanna hai| yaha samasta virodhiyoM meM samajhautA kara hameM sampUrNa satyako pratIti karAtA hai| saptabhaGgI vastuko anekAntAtmakatA aura bhASAke nirdoSa prakAra syAdvAdaka kathanake anantara saptabhaGgIke svarUpapara vicAra karanA bhI Avazyaka hai | sAtabhaGga yA vastuvicArako dRSTiyAM manAntAtmaka nustAhAne vimleSaNa meM AnAyaka haiN| eka vastumeM praznake cazase pratyakSa aura anumAnase aviruddha vidhi aura niSedhako kalpanAko saptamajI kahate haiN| ye sAtabhaGga nimna prakAra hai : 1. vidhi klpnaa| 2. pratiSedha klpnaa| 3. kramase vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA / 4. yugapat vidhi-prasiSedha kalpanA / 5. vidhi kalpanA aura yugapat vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA / 6. pratiSedha kalpanA aura yugapat vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA / 7. krama aura yugapat vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA / isa prakAra vizAla aura udAratAkI dRSTise vastuke virATa rUpako dekhA aura samajhA jA sakatA hai| yoM to vastumeM anantadharma rahaneke kAraNa aura ekaeka dharmake vidhi-niSedhakI apekSA anantasaptabhaMgiyAM sambhaya haiN| para vidhiniSedhAtmaka rUpameM sAta vikalpa mapa hI sambhava haiN| ye sAta hI bhaGga kyoM hote haiM ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki vastuke sambandha meM jijJAsA sAta prakArako hAtI 1. "prazmavAvekasmin bastunyaviroNena vidhipratiSedhakalpanA saptabhaMgI" --nasvArtha rAjavAtika, pRSTha 1-6, pRSTha 36. 2. aSTasahasrI (nAthAraMga pANDuraMga) pRSTha 125. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 475

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haiM aura jijJAsA sAta hI prakArako kyoM hotI haiM ? isake samAdhAnarUpameM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki zimagata kArale hote haiM aura sAta prakArake saMzaya honekA kAraNa saMzayako viSayabhUta vastukai dharma sAta prakArake haiM / ataeva apunarukta rUpase sAta hI bhaGgasambhava hai / Azaya yaha hai ki saptabhaGgonyAyameM manuSyasvabhAvako takamalaka pravRttiko gaharI chAnabIna kI AtI hai| jo sata, asat, ubhaya aura anubhava ye cAra koTiyA~ tattvavicArake kSetrameM pracalita haiM aura unakA adhika-se-adhika vikAsa sAta rUpameM hI sambhava hai / satya trikAlA bAdhita hotA hai, ataH tarkajanya praznoMkA samAdhAna saptabhaMgI prakriyA dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka vastuke svatantra guNa aura paryAya haiM aura ye pratiSedha sApekSa haiM arthAta kisI bhI vastukA pratipAdana usake pratipakSI dharmako apekSAse kiyA jAtA hai| saptabhaGgonyAya vastuke yathArtha svarUpa taka pahu~cAnekA sAdhana hai / pramANasaptabhaGgo evaM nayasaptamaGgo samabhaGgIke do bheda haiM:-(1) pramANasaptabhaGgI aura (2) nayasaptabhaGgI / pramANa sakalavastumAhI hotA hai aura naya ekdeshmaahii| jahAM vaktA eka dharmake dvArA pUrNa vastukA bodha karAnA cAhatA hai yahA~ usakA vAkya pramANavAkya kahA jAtA hai| yadi vaha eka hI dharmakA bodha karAnA cAhatA hai aura vastuke vartamAna zeSa dharmoM ke prati usakI dRSTi udAsIna hai, to usakA vAkya nayavAkya kahA jAtA hai / sAdhAraNata: jitanA bhI vacanavyavahAra hai, vaha nayake antargata hai| ataH nayasaptabhaGgIkI pramakhatA hai| yoM to anekadharmAtmaka vastukA bodha karAneke hetu pravartamAna zabdako pravRtti do rUpase hotI hai:-(1) kramazaH aura (2) yogapadya / tIsarA vacanamArga nahIM hai / jaba vastumeM vartamAna astittvAdi dharmo kI kAla Adike dvArA bhedavivakSA hotI hai, taba eka zabdameM aneka arthoMkA jJAna karAnekI zaktikA abhAva honese kramazaH kathana hotA hai aura jaba unhIM dharmomeM kAla Adike dvArA abhedavivakSA hotI hai taba eka zabdako eka dharmakA bodha karAnekI mukhyatAse tAdAtmyarUpase ekatvako prApta sabhI dharmoMkA akhaNDarUpase yugapat kathana ho jAtA hai| yaha yugapat kathana sakalAdeza honese pramANa kahalAtA hai aura mazaH kathana vikalAdeza honese naya kahalAtA hai| sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza donoMmeM ho saptabhaMgI hotI hai| sakalAdezameM honevAlI saptabhaGgo pramANasaptabhaGgI hai aura vikalAdeza meM honevAlI saptamanI nayasaptabhaGgo hai| pramANasaptabhaGgI aura nayasaptabhaGgIke 176 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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prayoga meM baktAkI vinAke atirakta aura koI maulika bheda nahIM hai / donoM hI saptabhaGgI meM "syAda ratyeva jIvaH " yaha udAharaNa prApta hotA hai / matAntara se " syAt jIvaH syAt jIva eva" yaha pramANavAkyakA aura " syAdastyeva jIvaH " yaha nayavAkyakA udAharaNa hai / samabhaGgoM ko siddhi prazna mAta prakAra ke kAraNa eka vastu nahI hote haiM kyoMki sAta se atirikta AThaveM bhaGgakA nimittabhUta AThavAM prazna saMbhava nahIM hai / praznake abhAva meM na jijJAsA hI sambhava hai na saMzayAdi / yahA~ ghaTake sAtha sAtabhaGgI ghaTita karate haiM :-- 1. syAdastyeva ghaTaH | 2. syAnAstyeva ghaTaH / 3. syAdavaktavya eva SaH / 4. syAdubhayo ghaTaH syAdasti nAsti ghaTaH / 5. syAdasti avaktavya evaM ghaTaH / 6. syAd nAsti avaktavya eva ghaTaH / 7. sthAdasti nAsti avaktavya eva ghaTaH | prathama- dvitIya bhaMgasiddhi 'syAdasti eva ghaTa:' isa vAkya meM ghaTazabda vizeSya honese dravyavAcI hai aura astizabda vizeSaNa honese guNavAcI hai / ina dAnoM meM vizeSaNavizeSya-sambandha batalAne ke liye evakAra rakhA gayA hai / yadi 'asti eva ghaTaH - ghaTa sat hI haiM, itanA ho kahA jAya, to ghaTameM asat Adi anya dharmokI nivRttikA prasaMga AyagA / ataH ghaTameM anya dharmo kA astitva batalAne ke liye 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ 'syAt' zabda se sAmAnyataH anekAntakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai, para vizepArthIko vizeSa zabdoM kA prayoga karanA hI hotA hai / yathA - vRkSa zabdase sabhI prakAra ke vRkSoMkA grahaNa honepara bhI kisI vizeSa vRkSakA kathana karane ke liye 'zizapA' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga karanA hotA hai / 'syAt ' zabda anekAntakA dyotaka hotA hai| vaha kisI vAcakazabdake nikaTa meM hue binA iSTa arthakA dyotana nahIM kara sakatA / ataH usake dvArA prakAzya dharma AdhArabhUta arthakA kathana karaneke liye itara zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 477

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hai / vastutaH gauNa aura mukhya vivakSAse sabhI bhaMgoMkA prayoga sArthaka hotA hai| yathA--dravyArthika nayako pradhAnatA aura paryAyAthika nayako gauNatAmeM pahalA ghaTita hotA hai| paryAyAthika nayakI pradhAnatA aura draSyArthika nayakI gauNatAmeM dUsarA bhaMga ghaTita hotA hai / pradhAnatA aura apradhAnatA zabdake adhIna hai / jo zabdake dvArA vivakSita ho, vaha pradhAna hai aura jo zabdake dvArA nahIM kahA gayA hai aura arthase gamyamAna hotA hai vaha apradhAna hai / prathama bhaMgake pratyeka padakI sArthakatA 'ghaTa hI hai' aisA avadhAraNa karanepara ghaTase atirikta anya padArtho ke abhAvakA prasaMga AtA hai| ata: prathama bhaMgameM 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga karanese svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla-svabhAvako apekSAse ghaTakA astitva siddha hotA hai aura paradravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura parabhAvakI apekSAse ghaTake nAstitva Adi dharma pratiphalita hote haiN| isa taraha svacatuSTayako daSTise ghaTa hai aura para catuSTayakI apekSA ghaTa nahIM hai, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| dvitAya bhagaka kathana meM paradravya, 12I, pasAha aura sanAvakI pradhAnatA hai| iso catuSTayako mukhyakara tathA dravyArthika nayako moNakara kathana karanese dvitIya bhaMga siddha hotA hai / tRtIya bhaMga syAd avaktavyasiddhi jaba do guNoMdvArA eka akhaNDa arthako abhinna rUpase-abhedarUpase eka sAtha kathana karaneko icchA hotI hai, to tIsarA avaktavya bhaMga hotA hai / yathA-prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgameM eka kAlameM eka zabdase eka gaNake dvArA kramazaH eka samasta vastukA kathana ho jAtA hai / usI prakAra jaba do pratiyogI guNoMke dvArA avadhAraNa rUpase eka sAtha eka kAlameM eka zabdase samasta vastuke kahaneko icchA hotI hai, to vastu avaktavya ho jAtI hai, kyoMki usa prakArakA na to koI zabda ho hai aura na artha hI / sArAMza yaha hai ki jaba kisI vastumeM asti aura nAsti dharma yugapat vivakSita hote haiM, usa samaya donoM dharmoM ko eka sAtha kahanevAlaM zandakA abhAva rahatA hai, kyoMki zabdoMmeM kramazaH jJAna karAneko zakti hotI hai| ata: 'asti' aura 'nAsti' ina donoM dharmo kI eka sAtha pradhAnatA honepara tRtIya bhaMga 'syAt avaktavya eva ghaTaH-ghar3A kathaMcit avakatavya hai, banatA hai| kucha samokSakoMkA abhimata hai ki zabdameM vastuke tulyabalavAle do dharmokA mukhyarUpase yugapat kathana karanekI zakyatA na hone se nirguNatvakA prasaMga prApta 478 : tIthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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hone evaM vivakSita ubhaya dharmokA pratipAdana na ho sakaneke kAraNa vastu avaktavya hai / sAmAnyataH avaktavya bhaMga rahasyapUrNa pratIta hotA hai, para yathArthataH vastukA svarUpa kucha itanA saMzliSTa evaM sUkSmAtisUkSma hai ki zabda usake akhaNDa antastala taka nahIM pahuMca pAtA, kyoMki zabda kI apanI sImA hai| phira bhI kisI prakAra usakA varNana to kiyA hI jAtA hai| pahale vastakA astitva vaNita hotA hai, pazcAt jaba vahA~ aparyAptatA evaM apUrNatAko anubhUti hotI hai, to usakA nAstirUpa sAmane AtA hai| para jaba vahA~ bho vastu apUrNa pratIta hotI hai aura zabdazaktikI akSamatA dikhalAyI par3atI hai, to vastu avaktavya, anirvacanIya yA avyAkRta kaha dI jAtI hai / yataH zabdake dvArA padArthake do dharmokA eka sAtha kathana sambhava nhiiN| kyoMki zabda dhAtuoMse banate haiM evaM dhAtu kriyAke vAcaka haiM aura kriyA eka samayameM eka hI hotI hai, do yA tIna nhiiN| ataH do dharmoke eka sAtha pratipAdana karanekA jaba samaya upasthita hotA hai, taba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki padArtha avaktavya hai aura yaha abaktavya bhI apekSAkRta hai| isake bhI pUrva 'syAt' jor3A gayA hai| ataH mUla sattAke viSaya meM eka samayameM astitva evaM nAstitva, jo sattAke donoM samAna dharma hai, kisI eka zabdapratyayake dvArA abhipatanahI ho sakate ! pAra pavanayAta'gamA mAnanA Avazyaka hai / caturthabhaMgasiddhi : syAdassinAsti ___ asti mora nAsti donoM dhamaukA kAmase eka sAtha kayana karanepara caturthabhaMga banatA hai| isa bhaMgameM donoM nayoMkI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / isaliye kahA jAtA hai ki kathaMcit ghaTa asti-nAstirUpa hI hai| yadi vastuko sarvathA ubhayAtmaka mAnA jAya, to sat aura asatmeM paraspara virodha honese ubhaya doSakA prasaMga AtA hai| jisa prakAra ThaMDAImeM bAdAma, soMpha, golamirca Adi vibhinna dravyoMke aMzoMkI vizeSa pratipatti hotI hai, usI prakAra astitva-nAstitva dhoke sambandhase jAtyantararUpa bhaMgameM bhI sat-asat ina donoM dharmokI pratipatti hotI hai / paJcamabhaMga syAsti avaktavyasiddhi __isa bhaMgako siddhimeM dravyAthikanayako pradhAnatA aura dravyAthika evaM paryAyAthikanayakI apradhAnatA hotI hai / vyasta dravya evaM eka sAtha apitta dravya aura paryAyako apekSAse paMcamabhaMgako pravRtti hotI hai| yathA-'syAdasti ca avaktavyazna eva ghaTa:'--"ghar3A kathaMcit astirUpa aura avaktavyarUpa hI hai| aneka dravya aura aneka paryAyAtmaka vastuke kisI vizeSa dravya athavA paryAya vizeSako vivakSAmeM eka ghaTa asti hai| vahIM pUrva vivakSA tathA dravyasAmAnya jIzaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 479

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aura paryAyasAmAnya yA donoM yugapat bhedavivakSAmeM vacanoMse agodhara hokara avaktavya ho jAnA hai / yaha bhaMga prathama aura tRtIya bhaMgake melase banatA hai| SaSTamaGga sthAnAsti yavaktavyasisi vyasta paryAya aura samasta dravyaparyAyako apekSA 'syAnnAsti avaktavya bhaGga banatA hai / vastugata nAstitva jaba avaktavyake sAtha anubaddha hokara vivakSita hotA hai, taba gaha bhaGga niSpanna hotA hai| nAstitva paryAyako dRSTise hai aura payAyeM do prakArako hotI haiM:-1. sahabhAvinI aura 2. kramabhAvinI / gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya Adi sahabhAvinI tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, loma zaizava, yauvana, vArdhakya Adi kramabhAvinI payAyeM haiN| paryAyaSTise gatyAdi aura krodhAdiparyAyoMse bhinna koI eka avasthAyo jIva nahIM haiN| kintu ye paryAyeM hI jova haiM / jo vastutvarUpase sat hai vahI dravyAMza hai tathA avastutvarUpase 'asat' hai yaha paryAyAMza hai| ina donoMko yugapat abhedavivakSAmeM vastu avaktavya hai| __ yaha bhaGga dvitIya aura tRtIya bhaGgake melase banA hai| ataH ghaTa kaJcit nAsti aura avaktavya ho hai| yaha kathana paryAyAthika nayako pradhAnatA aura dravyAyika evaM pAyAdhika donoMko apradhAnatAko apekSAse kiyA gayA hai / saptamabhaGga syAdastinAsti avaktavyasiddhi pRthak-pRthak kamase arpita tathA yugapat apita dravyaparyAyakI apekSA vastu syAdasti-nAsti avaktavya hai| kisI dravyavizeSakI apekSA astitva aura paryAyavizeSako apekSA nAstitva hotA hai tathA kiso dravyaparyAyavizeSa evaM dravyaparyAya sAmAnyako eka sAtha vivakSAmeM vahI avaktavya ho jAtA hai| yaha saptama bhaGga prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya bhaGgake melase banA hai| kucha cintaka uparyuka prakArase syAt avaktavyako tIsarA aura syAdastinAstiko cauthA bhaGga mAnate haiN| para kucha syAdasti-nAstiko tosarA aura syAdavaktabyako cauthA bhaGga svIkAra karate haiM / niSkarSa syAdvAdako nIva apekSA hai aura apekSA vahA~ rahatI hai jahAM vAstavika aura Uparase virodha dikhalAI de| virodha vahA~ hotA hai jahA~ nizcaya rahatA hai / donoM sazayazola avasthAoMmeM virodha rahIM bana sakatA / syAdvAdakA prayogasthAna anekA.. ntAtmaka vastu hai, ataH vassuke yathArtha svarUpako grahaNa karaneke liye anekAnta 48.0 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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dRSTi apekSita hai / syAvAda usa dRSTiko vANIdvArA vyakta karanekI bhASApaddhati hai| vaha nimitta yA apekSAbhedase vastugata virodho dharma-yugaloMkA virodha miTAne vAlA hai / jo vastu sat hai vaha asat bhI hai, para jisa rUpameM sat hai usa rUpameM asat nahIM | sva-rUpako dRSTise sat hai aura para-svarUpakI dRSTise asat hai| do nizcita dRSTibinduoMke AdhArapara vastutascakA pratipAdana karanevAlA vAkya saMzayarUpa ho hI nahIM sktaa| arthaniyAmaka nikSepa __ saMketa-kAlameM jisa vastuke liye jo zabda prayukta hotA hai vaha vahIM rahe to koI samasyA nahIM AtI; kintu aisA hotA nahIM, ataH kucha samayake pazcAt zabda apane liye vizAla kSetrakA nirmANa karate haiN| isase niyasa zabdako iSTArthasambandhI jAnakArI denekI kSamatA samApta ho jAtI hai| isa samasyAkA samAdhAna nikSepapaddhati dvArA kiyA gayA hai| yaha bhASA-sambandhI nIti hai| yataH vizyake vyavahAra aura jJAnake AdAna-pradAnakA mukhya sAdhana bhASA hai| bhASAke binA manuSyakA vyavahAra cala nahIM sakatA aura na vicAroMkA AdAna-pradAna hI ho sakatA hai | manuSyake pAsa yadi vyakta bhASAkA sAdhana na hotA, to use Aja jo sabhyatA-saMskRti evaM tatvajJAnakI amUlya nidhi prApta hai usase vaha vaMcita raha jAtA / mASA kevala bolanekA hI sAdhana nahIM hai apita vicAra karanekA bhI mAdhyama hai| bhASAkA zarIra vAkyoM se nirmita hotA hai aura vAkya shbdoNse| pratyeka zabdake aneka artha sambhava haiN| vaha prasaMga Azaya, viSaya, sthAna evaM vAtAvaraNake anusAra vibhinna prakArake abhiprAyoMko vyakta karatA hai| ataeva zabdake mUla aura ucita arthako jAnakArI nikSepavidhi dvArA sampanna kI jAtI hai| ___mAnava-vicAradhArAke kucha aise duruha prasaMga haiM, jo sAmAnyataH vyaktiyoMke mastiSkameM sulabhatAse praveza nahIM kara pAte / isaliye kucha cintakoMne una prasaMgoM kA vyaktIkaraNa kara unheM bodhagamya banAnekA prayAsa kiyA hai| isake lie unheM kucha pratIkoMkA Azraya lenA par3A / ina pratIkoMko saMjJA hI nikSepa hai| ina nikSepoM dvArA prakRtike kucha tathyoMko unakI anupasthiti meM dUsaroMko unakA anubhava karAyA jAtA hai| nikSepoM dvArA prApta jJAna pratyakSa to nahIM hotA, para sAdRzyako smRtiyoMke jAgaraNa dvArA vyaktiyoM kI yogyatAnusAra vastuke svarUpake bodhameM bahuta sImA taka sahAyaka avazya hotA hai| isa pratIkAtmaka vyaktIkaraNakI prakRtike kAraNa sAhityameM nAnAvidhAe~ AviSkRta huI aura yahI pratIkAtmaka vyaJjanA-praNAlI nikSepake rUpameM prastuta haI / vastutaH prastuta tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 481

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arthakA bodha denevAlI zabda-racanA yA arthakA zabdoMmeM Aropa nikSepa hai| aprastuta arthako dUra rakhakara prastuta arthakA bodha karAnA ho isakA lakSya hai| yaha saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya jJAnako dUra karatA hai| maya aura nikSepa naya aura nikSepameM viSaya-viSayIbhAvakA sambandha hai / viSaya-viSayI-mambandha tathA isa sambandhako kiyA naya dvArA jJAta kI jAtI hai / nAma, sthApanA aura dravya ye tIna nikSepa dravyAthika nayake viSaya hai aura bhAvanikSepa paryAyAthika nayakA / bhAvameM anvaya nahIM rahatA usakA sambandha kevala vartamAna paryAyase hotA hai| ataH yaha pAMyArthika vyakA viSaya hai| poko naya aura nikSepa donoM hI arthabodhake sAdhana haiN| nikSepako upayogitA nikSepako vivakSita arthako avagata karanekI dRSTi se mahatI upayogitA hai / nizepa vaktAko vastuke vivakSita arthakA bodha karAtA hai| bhASA aura bhAvako saMgati isoke dvArA gaThita hotI hai / nikSepako samajhe binA bhASAke prAstAvika arthako nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| arthasUcaka zabdake pahale arthako sthiti sUcita karanevAlA jo vizeSaNa lagatA hai, yahI isakI vizeSatA hai| ata: savizeSaNabhASAkA prayoga hI nikSepa hai / arthasthiti ke anurUpa ho zabda-racanA yA zabda-prayogako zikSA hI arthabodhakA sAdhana haiM / ataH apekSAdRSTiko dhyAnameM rakhanA Avazyaka hai / nikSepadRSTi apekSAdRSTi hI hai / nikSetrako upayogitA nimna prakAra siddha hai: 1. nizcaya yA nirNayako prApta krnaa| 2. siddhAntapratipAdanakI kssmtaa| 3. prakRta aura aprakRta arthakA coca / 4. saMzayakA nirAkaraNa / 5. nayadaSTise vastusvarUpakA yathArtha kathana / 6. vyavahArasiddhikA raaddhaav| 7. vidhi-nirNayakA sadbhAca / nikSepake bheva zabdase arthakA jJAna hone meM nikSepa nimita hai / nikSepake ananta bheda sambhava haiM, para pradhAnarUpase cAra bheda haiM :--(1) nAmanikSepa, (2) sthApalAnikSepa, (3) dravyanikSepa aura (4) bhAvanikSepa / 482 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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1. nAmanikSepa dravya, guNa, kriyA Adi nimittoMko apekSA na kara loka-vyavahArake liye vaktAko icchAse jo nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, use nAmanikSepa kahate haiN| yathA-eka aisA vyakti hai, jisameM pujArIkA eka bho guNa nahIM, para kisone usakA nAma pujArI rakha diyA hai ataH vaha pujArI kahalAtA hai| nAmanikSepameM vastuke guNadharmapara vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, kevala loka-vyavahArako suvidhAke liye zabda rur3ha kara liyA jAtA hai| dUsarA udAharaNa rAjAkA liyA jA sakatA hai kisIne apane putrakA nAma rAjA rakha liyA hai, para vastutaH rAjAkA usameM koI guNa nahIM hai| yaha nAma lAMka-vyavahAra calAne ke liye hI rakhA gayA hai / 2. sthApanA-nikSepa kisI vastumeM anya vastuko sthApanA karaneko sthApanA-nikSepa kahate haiN| sthApanA nikSepake do bheda haiM :-(1) tadAkAra yA sadbhAvanAnikSepa aura (2) atadAkAra yA asadbhAvanA-nikSepa / pAyANa yA dhAtuke bane hue tadAkAra pratibimbameM RSabhanAtha yA pAzvanAthakI sthApanA karanA tadAkAra sthApanA-nikSepa hai| jo mukhya vastukA darzana karanA cAhatA hai use usakI pratimAko dekhakara usameM usako buddhi hotI hai, kyoMki donoMmeM kayancit samAnatA pAyI jAtI hai| RSabhadevakI sthApanA unakI pratikRtirUpa pratimAmeM kI jAtI hai to darzakako usa pratimA yaha AditIrthakara haiM aisI buddhi hotI hai / mukhya vastuke AkArase zUnya vastumAtrako atadAkAra-sthApanA kahate haiN| yathA-zataraMjake moharoMmeM dUsareke kathAnAnusAra ho rAjA, maMtro, ghor3A, hAthI ityAdikA bodha hotA hai| yoM to una moharoMkA AkAra na rAjAkA hai, na maMtrIkA hai, na hAthIkA hai aura na ghor3ekA hai / para vyavahAra calAne ke liye isaprakArako sthApanA kI gaI hai| mAmanikSepa aura sthApanA-nikSepameM antara-sthApanA-nikSepameM to manuSya AdarabhAva aura anugrahako icchA karatA hai para nAmanikSepameM nhiiN| RSabhadevakI pratimAmeM vyakti tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva jaisA AdarabhAva karatA hai, usakI pUjA karatA hai aura darzana evaM pUjana dvArA Atma-vizuddhi bhI prApta karatA hai| kintu RSabhadeva nAmake vyaktimeM na to vaisA AdarabhAva hI hotA hai aura na usa vyaktise Atmavizuddhiko preraNA hI prApta hotI hai / saMkSepameM nAma to lokavyavahArake calAneke liye hai para sthApanAnikSepa Atma-preraNA aura Atmavizuddhike liye hai| pIkara mahAnIra aura unakI dezanA : 4.3

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3. vyanikSepa jo vastu bhAviparyAyake prasi abhimukha hai use dravyanikSepa kahate haiM / isake do bheda haiM :--(1) Agama dravyanikSepa aura (2) noAgama draSyanikSepa ! jIvaviSayaka zAstrakA jJAtA kintu usameM anupayukta jIva Agama dravyajIva hai| noAgamake sIna bheda haiM :-{1) sAyakazarIra, (2) mAvi aura (3) sadvyatirikta / usa jJAtAke bhUta, bhASi aura vartamAna zarIrako sAyakazarIra kahate. haiN| bhAviparyAyako bhAvi noAgama dravyanikSepa kahA jAtA hai| yathA bhaviSyameM honevAleko abhI rAjA kahanA / tadvyatiriktake do bheda hai:-karma aura nokrm| karmake jJAnAvaraNAdi aneka bheda haiM aura zarIrake poSaka AhArAdirUpa pudgala dravya nokama haiN| 4. bhAvanikSepa vastuko vartamAna paryAyako bhAvanikSepa kahate haiM / vastuke paryAya-svarUpako bhAva kahA jAtA hai| yathA svargake adhipati sAkSAt indrako indra kahanA bhAvanikSepa hai| atIta aura anAgata paryAya bhI svakAlako apekSA vartamAna honese bhAvarUpa hai| jo paryAya pUrvottarakI paryAyoMmeM anugamana nahIM karatI use vartamAna kahate haiM / yahI bhAvanikSepakA viSaya hai| dravyanikSepake samAna bhAvanikSepake bhI vo bheda hai:-(1) Agama bhAvanikSepa aura (2) noAgama bhAvanikSepa / jIvAdiviSayaka zAstrakA jJAtA jaba usameM upayukta hotA hai to use AgamabhAva kahate haiN| aura jovAdi paryAyase yukta jIvako noAgamabhAva kahate haiM / / nikSepoMse bodhya arthakA samyak bodha hotA hai| Arambhake tIna nikSepa dravyArthikanayake nikSepa haiM aura bhAva paryAyAthikanayakA nikSepa hai / pramANa, naya ora nikSepa tInoM hI jJAnasAdhana haiN| ina tInoMke dvArA dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastuko pUrNa jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| Y84 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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dazama pariccheda dharma aura AcAra-mImAMsA jovana aura dharma jIvana jar3a nahIM, gatimAna hai / ata: Avazyaka hai ki usa gatiko ucita DhaMgase isa bhAMti niyamita aura niyantrita kiyA jAya ki jIvanakA antima lakSya prApta ho ske| jIvanakA uddezya kevala jInA nahIM hai, balki isa rUpa meM jIvana-yApana karanA hai ki isa jIvanake pazcAt janma aura maraNake pakrase chuTakArA mila sake / Aja suvicArita kramabaddha aura vyavasthita jIvana-yApanakI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| dharmAcaraNa vyaktiko laukika aura pAralaukika sukhaprAptike sAtha AkulatA aura vyAkulatAse mukta karatA hai / vaha jIvana kadApi upAdeya nahIM, jisameM bhogake lie bhautika vastuoMkI pracuratA samaveta ko jAya / jisa vyakti ke jIvanameM bhogoMkA bAhulya rahatA hai aura tyAgavRttiko kamI rahatI hai, vaha vyakti apane jIvanameM sukhakA anubhava nahIM kara sakatA | bhoga jIvanakA -485

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svArthapUrNa aura saMkIrNa dRSTikoNa hai 1 aisA jIvana uccatara AdarzakA pratinidhitva nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki sarvocca aizvarya bhI zanaiH zanaiH naSTa hote-hote eka dina bilakula naSTa ho jAtA hai aura abhAvajanya AkulatAe~ vyaktike jIvanako azAnta, atRpta aura vyAkula banA detI haiM / manuSya janma letA hai, samasta sukhoMpara apanA ekAdhikAra karanekA prayala bhI karatA hai| parivAra sahita mana ainA evaM sukhoMkA bhoga bhI karatA hai, para eka dina aisA AtA hai jaba vaha saba kucha yahA~kA yahIM chor3a matyako prApta hotA hai / ataH yaha sadaiva smaraNIya hai ki sAMsArika sukha aizvarya aura bhoga kSaNabhaMgara hai| inakA yathArtha upayoga syAgavattivAlA vyakti hI kara sakatA hai| jisane zAzvata, cirantana Atma-sukhako anubhUti prApta ko hai, vahI vyakti saMsArake vilAsa-vaibhavoMke madhya nilipta rahatA huA unakA upabhoga karatA hai| zAzvata sukha athabA paramazakti taka pahuMcanekA mArga saMsArake madhyase hI hai| cirantana Atma-sukha aura azAzvata bhautika sukha parasparameM avicchinnarUpase sambaddha dikhalAI par3ate haiM, para jinhoMne apanI antarAtmAmeM prakAzako prApta kara liyA hai, ve vyakti mohako jar3oMmeM baddha nahIM raha pAte / vastutaH mAnavajobanakA mukhya uddezya Atmasukha prApta karanA hai| para isa sukhakI upalabdhi isa zarIrake dvArA hI karanI hai / ataH saMpama, ahiMsA, ta! aura sAdhanArUpa dharmakA Azraya lenA parama Avazyaka hai| mAnava-jIvanake pramukha cAra uddezya hai:-(1) dharma, (2) artha, (3) kAma aura (4) mokSa / mokSa paramalakSya hai / isa lakSya taka pahu~canekA sAdhana dharma hai| kAma laukika jIvanakA upAdeya tattva hai aura isakA sAdhana artha hai / artha mAnavako svAbhAvika pravRttiyoM kI ora prerita karatA hai / vaha dhanArjanako icchApUrti ke lie upayogI mAnate hue bhI anyAya, atyAcAra evaM para-pIr3anako sthAna nahIM detaa| yaha manuSyako pAzavika pravRttiyoMkA niyaMtraNa kara use manuSya bananeke lie anuprerita karatA hai| ___ sAmAjika vyavasthA dharma atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM prabhAvazAlI avadhAraNA hai| dharma mAnavake samasta naitika jovanako niyantrita karatA hai| manuSyakI aneka prakArako icchAeM evaM aneka saMgharSAtmaka AvazyakatAeM hotI haiM / dharmakA uddezya ina samasta icchAoM tathA AvazyakatoMko niyamita evaM vyavasthita karanA hai| ataeva dharma baha hai jo mAnava-jovanako vividhatAoM, bhinnatAoM, abhilASAoM, lAlasAoM, bhoga, tyAga, mAnavoya Adarza evaM mUlyoMko niyamabaddha 486 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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kara ekatA aura niyamitatA pradAna kare / vAstavameM dharma jIvanakA eka aisA tarIkA hai jo kAryoM aura kriyAoMko saMyojita aura niyantrita karatA hai| dharmake abhAvameM mAnava kA jIvana manuSya-jIvana nahIM raha jAtA hai, apitu vaha pazujIvanako koTimeM sammilita ho jAtA hai / ___ mAnava-jIvana meM caritrakA apanA sthAna hai / jIvanako UMcAI kevala jJAna yA vizvAsase nahIM AMkI jA sakatI 1 divyatAko ora honevAlo yAtrAkA mukhya mApadaNDa AcAra ho hai / dainika jIvanameM yaha sabhIko dikhalAI par3atA hai ki vizvAsa aura jJAna tabataka jIvana meM sAkAra nahIM ho pAte, jabataka manuSya apane AcAra-vyavahArako mAnavocita rUpa pradAna nahIM karatA / santoSa, kSamA, Atma-saMyama, indriya-nigraha, dayA, ahiMsA aura satya aise mArga haiM, jinakA anu. saraNa karanese vyakti aura samAja sukha-zAnti prApta karatA hai| ___ manuSyako vividha ruciyoM, icchAoM, saMgharSAtmaka AvazyakatAoM evaM uttaradAyitvoMke bIca sAmanjasya utpanna karanekA kArya AcArAtmaka dharma hI karatA hai / vyakti yA samAjake vibhinna sadasya jaba dharmake nirdezAnusAra apane karaNIya kartavyako nizcita DhaMgase tathA niSThApUrvaka karate haiM, to samAja meM suvyavasthA, zAnti aura samaddhi sarala ho jAtI hai| artha aura kAmakA niyantraka bhI dharma hai| kevala artha aura kevala kAma jIvanameM bhoga to utpanna kara sakate haiM, para jIvanako udAtta nahIM banA sakate / ataeva mAnava-jIvanakA sAphalya niyantraNa, nigraha, tyAga aura santoSapara hI nirbhara hai| saMsAra eka ananta adhigama pravAha hai aura nAnA jIva isa pravAhameM anAdi kAlase anantakAla taka dharmavimukha ho lar3akate aura TakkareM khAte rahate haiN| jIvanakI gati kahIM bhI vizrAnti prApta nahIM karato / sadAcAra, vizvAsa aura tattvajJAna ho mAnava-jIvana meM vyavasthA, zAnti aura bandhanoMse mukti karAte haiN| kSaNika jIvanake badale zAzvata jIvanakA lAbha hotA hai aura saMsArake nissAra sukha-duHkhoMse Upara uThakara AtmA ananta sukhamayamuktikA lAbha karatI hai / ataH saMkSepa meM jIvanako suvyavasthita aura niyantrita karaneke lie dharmako parama AvazyakatA hai| dharma : vyutpatti evaM svarUpa dharmazabda dhU + manase niSpanna hai| "ghrIyate loko'nena, dharati loka vA dharmaH athavA iSTe sthAne patte iti dharmaH" arthAt jo iSTa sthAna-mukti meM dhAraNa karAtA hai athavA jisake dvArA loka zreSTha sthAnameM dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai athavA jo lokako zreSTha sthAnameM dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha dharma hai / dharma sukhakA kAraNa hai| sodhakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 487

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dharma aura sukhameM kArya kAraNabhAva yA dIpaka aura prakAzake samAna sahabhAvIbhAva hai, arthAt jahA~ dIpaka hai vahA~ prakAza avazya rahatA hai aura jahA~ dIpaka nahIM, vahIM prakAza bhI nahIM rahatA / isI prakAra jahA~ dharmaM hogA vahA~ sukha avazya rahegA aura jahA~ dharma nahIM hogA yahA~ sukha bhI nahIM rahegA / jo dhAraNa kiyA jAya yA pAlana kiyA jAya, vaha dharma hai / dharmakA eka artha vastusvabhAva bhI hai| jisa prakAra agnikA dharma jalAnA, jalakA zItalatA, vAyukA bahanA dharma hai, usI prakAra AtmA kA caitanya dharma hai| vastusvabhAvarUpa dharma hai to yathArtha para isakI upalabdhi AcArake binA sambhava nahIM / jisa AcAra dvArA abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa - muktikI prApti ho, vaha dharma kahalAtA hai / abhyudayakA artha loka-kalyANa hai aura niHzreyasakA artha karma-bandhanase mukta ho svasvarUpakI prApti hai / , svabhAvarUpa dharma jar3a aura cetana sabhI padArthoM meM samAviSTa hai, kyoMki isa vizva meM koI aisI vastu nahIM hai, jisakA koI na koI svabhAva na ho, para AcArarUpa dharma kevala cetana AtmAmeM pAyA jAtA hai| ataH dharmakA saMbaMdha AtmAse hai / vastu svabhAvakA vivecana cintanAtmaka honese darzana keTi meM bhI praviSTa ho jAtA hai aura AtmA, loka-paraloka, vizva, kartRtva, bhoktRtva prabhRti praznoMkA kharase samAdhAna apekSita hotA hai / vastutaH dharma AtmAko paramAtmA bananekA mArga batalAtA hai / isa mArga ke nirUpaNakrama meM dravya, guNa, paryAya tattva Adike svabhAvako jAnakArI bhI Avazyaka hai / jJAtA vyakti hI samyak AcAra dvArA AtmAse paramAtmA banane ke mArgako prApta karatA hai / jisa prakAra kuzala svarNakArako svarNake svabhAva aura guNakI bhalI-bhAMti pahacAna hotI hai, tathA svarNazodhana kI prakriyA bhI jAnatA hai, vahI svarNakAra svarNako zuddha kara sakatA hai / isI prakAra jisa Atma-zodhakako AtmA aura karmoMke svarUpa tathA vibhAvapariNatijanya unake saMyogako jAnakArI hai vahI AtmA paramAtmA banane meM saphala hotI hai / manuSyake vicAra bho AcArase nirmita hote haiM aura vicAroMse niSThA yA zraddhA utpanna hotI hai / dharmakI upayogitA karmanAza aura prANiyoMko saMsArake duHkhase chur3Akara sukha prApti ke lie hai| isa sukhakI prApti tabataka sambhava nahIM hai jabataka karmabandhanase chuTakArA prApta na ho / ataH jo karma-bandhakA nAzaka hai vaha dharma haiM / saMsAra meM sukha hai jise hama aindrathika sukha kahate haiM vaha bhI yathArtha meM sukha nahIM hai|' sukhakI prApti aura duHkhase chuTakArA karma-bandhanakA nAza kiye binA sambhava nahIM 488 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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hai / saccA dharma vahI hai jo karmavandhanakA nAza karA ske| sabhI baramaastitvavAdI vicAraka AtmA, paraloka aura punarjanma svIkAra karate haiM / zarIra jar3a hai, jo mRtyuke pazcAt bhI rahatA hai, para AtmA ke nikalate hI usameM niSki yatA A jAtI hai aura indriyoM dvArA jAnane-dekhanekA kArya banda ho jAtA hai / isakA pradhAna kAraNa yaha hai ki zarIrameMse caitanya dharmakA vilayana ho gayA hai / yaha AtmA hI jJAtA, draSTA, kartA, bhoktA Adi guNoMse sampanna hai / isI kAraNa indriyoMke mAdhyama se jAnane-dekhane kI kriyA sampanna hotI hai / ye vibhinna kriyAe~ zarIra yA indriyoMkA dharma nahIM hai / ye to AtmAko kriyAeM haiM / AtmA ke zarIra se pRthaka hote hI cetanAko kriyAe~ avaruddha ho jAtI haiN| ataH zAzvata tattva AtmA hai aura usake guNa dharma hai / jisa sukhakI cAha meM saMsArake prANI bhaTakate haiM, vaha sukha bhI jar3akA dharma nahIM, cetanakA hI dharma hai / yataH maiM sukhI hU~ isa prakArakI pratIti AtmAke jJAnaguNake binA sambhava nhiiN| isalie sukha jJAnakA hI sahabhAvo dharma hai| spaSTIkaraNake lie yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ghaTa paTa Adi padArthoMko dekhakara jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha jJAna ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoMkA dharma nahIM hai / hAM, jJAnake sAtha unakA jJeya - zAyaka sambandha Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra hameM apane anukUla vastukI prAptise sukha aura pratikUla vastukI prAptise duHkhakA jo anubhava hotA hai, vaha sukha yA duHkha anukUla yA pratikUla vastukA dharma nahIM hai / ye vastue~ hamAre sukha yA duHkhameM nimittamAtra avazya haiM, para sukha yA duHkhakA astitva svayaM hamAre bhItara vidyamAna hai / sukhakA khajAnA kahIM dUsarI jagaha se lAnA nahIM hai / yaha to hamAre bhItara hI chipA huA hai| jo sukhakI khojameM idhara-udhara bhaTakate haiM ve hI duHkhakA kAraNa banate haiM / prAyaH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki jo jise prApta hai, vaha usameM sukhI nahIM hai / sukhakI prAptikA icchuka vyakti prApta se santuSTa na hokara aprApta ke lie prayatnazIla hai| kevala prAptikA yatna karanese ho iSTa aura abhilaSita vastueM upalabdha nahIM hotI; tathA jo prApta hotI haiM unase bhI usakI tRSNA vRddhiMgata hotI jAtI haiM, jaise jalatI huI agni meM indhana DAlanese agni bar3hatI hai / jisa viSaya sevanako sukha mAnA hai, usake atisevana se vyaktikI zakti kSINa hotI hai aura aneka rogoMkA grAsa banatA hai| bhogoMke samAna hI bhoga-sAmagrIkA sAdhana artha bhI sukhake sthAnapara duHkhakA hI kAraNa banatA hai aura jIvanabhara manuSyase duSkarma karAtA hai / ataH saMsAra meM duHkha hai / binA kAraNa kAryako utpatti nahIM hotI / upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa milakara hI kAryake niSpAdaka hai / ataeva saMsAra meM duHkhake astittvakA bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 489

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koI hetu avazya hai / jovaka jJAna aura sukha dharma haiM, para ina donoMkI jIvameM kamI dekhI jAtI hai / nicAra karanepara duHkhakA hetu jodhakA ajJAna, azraddhA aura mithyAcaraNa haiM / anAdikAla se yaha prANI ajJAna vazIbhUta hokara itanA bahirdaSTi bana gayA hai aura antaSTiro vimukha ho gayA hai ki ise apane svarUpako jAnanekI icchA nahIM hotii| jisa zarIramA sAtha usakA janma aura maraNa hotA hai, use hI apanA samajhakara usonI cintA aura saMbaInameM apanA samasta jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| isa prANIne kabhI isa bAta para gambhIratAse vicAra nahIM kiyA ki maiM zoro bhinna svatantra Atma-tattva huuN| jJAna aura sUkhake nimittoMkI hI jJAta kara unheM ho paramArtha samajha liyA gayA aura jJAna evaM sukhake paramAya-vAkA jAnane kA cenA nahIM mA tayA na inheM prAta karane. kA prayatna hI kiyaa| jovako parapadAyIlokanaHo yaha dATa nimittAbIna daSTi hai| nimitako ho usane apanA sarvasva samajhA aura upadAnako ora lakSya nahIM diyA / upAdAnakI ora yadi kabhI dRSTi gaI to use bhI nimittoM ke adhIna rAmahA / phalataH yaha sadA bAharako ora hI dekhatA rahA, bhItarakI ora nahIM / isane karmajanya avasthA yA paryAyako ho saba kucha samajhA hai| yaha isa bAtako bhUle hue hai ki dravyakarma usako bhUlake pariNAma haiM | rAga, dveSa aura moharUpa pariNAma yaha jIva utpanna na karatA to dravyakarmokA bandha hI nahIM hotaa| yadi prANo svabhAva aura vibhAvapariNattiko pUrNarUpase samajha jAya aura ApanI pariNatika prati sAvadhAna ho jAya, to pUrvaghaddha dravyakarmoMkA udaya prANIkI pariNatiko vikRta nahIM kara sakatA | rAga, dveSa aura mohako tripuTose vikRti utpanna hotI hai aura vikRtise bandha hotA hai| tathya yaha hai ki jIvake dvArA kiye gaye rAgAdi pariNAmoMkA nimitta prAptakara anya pudgala-skandha straya ho jJAnAvaraNAdi kamarUpa pariNamana karate haiM tathA caitanyasvarUpa apane rAgAdipariNAmarUpase pariNata pUrvokta AtmAko bhI paudgalika jJAnAvaraNAdikarma nimitamAtra hote haiM !' azAnI jIva rAga-dveSa, mohAdi rUpase svayaM pariNamana karatA hai aura ina rAgAdibhAvoMkA nimitta pAkara zubha aura azubha, puNya aura pAparUpa karma1. jIvakRtaM pariNAma nimittamAtraM prapadya punaranye / svayameva pariNamante'tra pudgalAH karmabhAvena / / pariNamamAnasya nitazcidAtmakaiH svayamapi svamaviH / bhavati hi nimittamAtra podgalika karma tasyApi / -puruSArtha sidhyupAya, paJca 12-13. 490 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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prakRtiyoM kA bandha hotA hai / jIva aura pudgalameM nimitta naimittika sambandha hai / AtmAke pradezoM meM rAgAdike nimittase bandhe hue paudgalika karmoMke kAraNa yaha AtmA apaneko bhUlakara aneka prakArase rAgAdirUpa pariNamana karatI hai / isake vaibhAvika bhAvoMke nimittase pudgaloM meM aisI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai jo AtmAke viparIta pariNamanameM kAraNa banatI hai| isa prakAra bhAvakarmase dravyakarma aura dravyakase bhAtrakarmakA bandha hotA hai aura yahI saMsAra hai| karmoMke nimittase rAgAdirUpase pariNamana karanevAlI AtmA ke rAgAdi nijabhAva nahIM hai, kyoMki jo nijabhAva hotA hai bahu usake svarUpa meM praviSTa rahatA hai, para rAgAdi to AtmAke svarUpa praviSTa hue binA Upara ho Upara pratiphalita hote haiM / jJAnI AtmA isa rahasyako jAnatA hai isalie vaha dharmavida hai, kintu ajJAnA to AtmAko rAmAdisvarUpa ho mAnatA hai / yahI mAnyatA adharma hai / dharmakA svarUpa nirdhAraNa kaI dRSTiyoMsa kiyA gayA hai| jo mokSakA mArga hai, vaha dharma hai aura mokSakA mArga ratnatraya - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra hai / saMkSepa meM dharma usoko kahA jA sakatA hai jo muktikI prAptikA hetu hai yA muktikI ora le jAnevAlA hai aura jo isase viparIta hai vaha saMsArakA kAraNa honese adharma hai / dharmakI nimnalikhita paribhASAeM saMbhava haiM:" 1. vastusvabhAva 1 2. ratnatraya - sampradarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakUcAritrarUpa | 3. uttamakSamAdi dazalakSaNarUpa | 4. dayA - jIvakA sarAgabhAva yA zubhogayogarUpa pariNati - AcAra dharmake vighAtaka moha aura bhoga haiN| mohake upazama ya evaM kSayopazamake honepara jo AtmA meM vizuddhi utpanna hotI hai, vahIM vAstavika evaM bhAvarUpa antaraMga dharma hai / bAhya rUpameM jIva asaMyamavAlI pravRtiyoMkA karatA hai, use bahiraMga dravyarUpa dharma kahate haiN| indriyoM tathA manake viSayase nivRtti, hiMsA Adi pApoM kA tyAga evaM dyUta Adi mahAvyamanAsa upani pahiraMga dharma hai / yaha bahiraMga dharma mohanIya karmake upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazamake binA manda mandatara aura mandatama udaya kI sthiti hotA hai / bahiraMga dharma aneka amyudayoMke kAraNabhUta puNyandhakA hetu honeke atirikta antaraMga dharmakI siddhimeM bho 1. caritaM khalu dhammo dhammo jo so samoti giTThiI / mohakalohI pariNAmo apagI hu samo || --pravacanasAra gAthA - 7. torthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 491

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kAraNa hotA hai / antaraMga dharmake sAtha bahiraMga dharmako vyApti hai / jahA~ jisajisa pramANa meM antaraMga dharmaM pAyA jAtA hai vahA~ usake pratipakSa bAhya asaMyata pravRttikA abhAva bhI avazya rahatA hai| anantAnubandhIkaSAya tathA darzanamohanIyakarmake upazamAdise samyagdarzanarUpa dharma utpanna hotA hai / isa dharmake utpanna hote hI bahiraMga meM bhI nirmalatA A jAtI hai aura yaha antaraMga nizcayarUpadharmaM vyavahAradharmakI siddhikA sahAyaka hotA hai / karmabandhake kAraNa moha aura yoga haiN| mohake tIna bheda hai: - ( 1 ) darzanamohanIya, (2) kaSAyavedanIya aura (3) nokaSAyavedanIya / kaSAyavedanIyakA meda anantAnubandhokA udaya samyagdarzanarUpa dharmakA pratipakSI hai| jaba isakA upazama, kSaya, kSayopazana hotA hai, taba antaraMga meM dharmaMkI pravRtti utpanna hotI hai aura AtmA apane svarUpako anubhUti karatI hai / samyagdarzana : svarUpavivecana vastu anantaguNadharmokA akhaNDa piNDa hai| isake svarUpakA parijJAna anekAntA ke hotA hai | cAritrarUpa dharma ratnabhayakA hI rUpAntara hai / isa dharmakA mUla stambha samyagdarzana hai| samyagdarzanake abhAva meM na to jJAna hI samyak hotA hai aura na cAritra ho / samyagadarzana AtmasattAkI AsthA hai aura hai svasvarUpaviSayaka dRDhanizcaya / maiM kauna hU~, kyA hU~, kaisA hU~, isakA nirNaya samyagdarzana dvArA hI hotA hai| jar3a-cetanakI bhedapratIti bhI samyagdarzanase hI hotI hai / sva aura para, AtmA aura anAramA, caitanya evaM jar3akI svasvarUpopalabdhikA sAdhana bhI samyagdarzana hI hotI hai / samyagdarzanake Aloka meM hI AramA yaha nizcaya karatI hai ki ananta atItameM jaba pudgalakA eka kaNa bhI merA apanA nahIM ho sakA hai, taba ananta anAgatameM vaha merA kaise ho sakegA | vartamAna kSaNa meM to use apanA mAnanA nitAnta bhrama meM 'meM' hU~ aura pudgala 'pudgala' hai / AtmA kabhI pudgala nahIM ho sakatI aura pudgala kabhI AtmA nahIM / yaha satya hai ki pudgaloMkI sattA sarvatra vidyamAna hai aura usa sattAko kabhI bhI naSTa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa vizvake kaNa-kaNa meM anantakAlase pudgaloMkI sattA rahI hai aura ananta bhaviSya meM bhI sattA rhegii| ataeva pudgaloke rahate hue bhI Ake svarUpakI AsthA karanA hI samyagdarzana hai / samyagdarzanakI nimnalikhita paribhASAeM upalabdha hotI haiM: 1. tattvArthazraddhA-saptatattva aura no padArtho kI pratIti / 2. svaparazraddhA 'sva' aura parakI ruci / 492 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA I

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3. paramArtha devazAstragurukI prtiiti| .. AtmanidAna- adAgapatI nirmala mati ! 5 anantAnubandhIkI cAra prakRtiyA~ tathA darzanamohanIyako tIna ina sAta prakRtiyoMke upazama-kSayopazama athavA kSayase prAdurbhUta zraddhAguNakI nirmala pariNati / sAta tattva; puNya pApa; evaM dravya guNa paryAya; kA yathArthazraddhAna samyagdarzana hai / mUlataH do tattva haiM:--jIva aura ajoda / cetanAlakSaNa jova hai aura usase bhinna ajIva / jIvake sAtha nokarma, dravyakarma aura bhAvakarmakA saMyoga hai| anAdi kAlase ina tInoMkA saMyoga calA A rahA hai / Atma-kalyANake liye sAta tattva yA nava padArtha prayojanIya hai| inake svarUpakA vAstavika nirNaya kara pratIti karanA samyagdarzana hai| ina sAta tastroM meM jIva-ajIvakA saMyoga saMsAra hai aura isake kAraNa Asrava gavaM bandha haiN| jIva aura ajIvakA jo viyoga-pRthakabhAva hai usake kAraNa saMvara evaM nirjarA haiM / jisa prakAra rogI manuSyako roga, usake kAraNa; roga-mukti; aura usake kAraNa ina cAroMkA jJAna Avazyaka hai; usI prakAra jIvako saMsAra; saMsArake kAraNa mukti aura muktike kAraNa ina cAroMkA parijJAna apekSita hai / samyagdarzanakI prApti atyanta Avazyaka hai kyoMki jisakA mana mithyAttrame grasta hai vaha manuSya hote hue bhI pazutulya hai aura jisako AtmAmeM samyagdarzana prakaTa huA hai vaha paNa hokara bhI manuSya ke samAna hai| samyaktvakI prApti ke liye katipaya yogyatAoMkI AvazyakatA hai| pahalI yogyatA to usa jIvakA bhavya honA hai 1 bhavyako hI samyagdarzanako prApti hotI hai, abhavyako nahIM / yaha yogyatA svAbhAvika hai, prayatnasAdhya nhiiN| isa yogyatAke sAtha saMjIparyAptaka tathA pA~ca labdhiyoMse yukta honA apekSita hai| ina labdhiyoMmeM dezanAlabdhi atyAvazyaka hai| yataH samyaktvaprAptike pUrva tatvopadezakA lAbha honA Avazyaka hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki samyagdarzana saMjJA pacendriya, paryAptaka, bhavyajIvako ho hotA hai, anyako nhiiN| bhavyoMmeM bhI yaha unhIMko prApta hogA, jinakA saMsAra-paribhramaNakA kAla arddhapudgalaparAvartanake kAla se adhika avaziSTa nahIM hai / lezyAoMke viSayameM yaha kathana hai ki manuSya aura tiryaJcoMke tIna zubha lezyAoMmeMse koI bhI lezyA raha sakatI hai| deva aura nArakiyoM meM jahAM jo lezyA hai usomeM aupazAmika samyagdarzana hotA hai / karma-sthiti ke viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki jisake badhyamAna karmAko sthiti antaHkoDA-koDI-pramANa ho tathA sattAmeM sthita karmokI sthiti saMkhyAtahajAra sAgara kama antaH koDA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 493

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koDI pramANa raha gaI ho vahIM samyagdarzana prApta kara sakatA hai| isase adhika sthitibandha par3ane para samyagdarzana prApta nahIM ho sakatA hai / samyagdarzana prApta karane kI yogyatA cAroM gativAle bhavyajIvoMko hotI hai / kSAyopazamika, vizuddhi, dezanA, prAyogya aura karaNa ye pA~ca labdhiyoM bhavyako prApta hotI hai| inameM cAra labdhiyA~ to sAmAnya hai, kyoMki ve bhavya aura abhavya donoMko prApta hotI haiM, para karaNalabdhivizeSa hai| yaha bhavya ko hI prApta hotI hai aura isake prApta hone para niyamataH samyagdarzana hotA hai / kSAyopazamika labdhimeM jIvake pariNAma uttarottara nirmala hote jAte haiM / vizuddhilabvi prazasta prakRtiyoMke bandhameM kAraNabhUta pariNAmoMko prApti svarUpa hai / dezanAlabdhi meM tasvopadeza aura prAyogyalabdhi meM azubhakamI cAtivAkamoM ke anuko latA aura dArUrUpa tathA aghAtiyA karmoM ke anubhAgako nIma aura kAJjIrUpa kara denA hai / karaNalabdhimeM bhAvoMkI uttarottara vizuddhi prApsa ko jAtI hai / bhAva sona prakAra ke hote haiM: - (1) adhaHkaraNa, (2) apUrvakaraNa aura (3) anivRttikaraNa | jisameM Agamo samayameM rahanevAle jIvoMke pariNAma samAna aura asamAna donoM prakArake hote haiM vaha adhaHkaraNa hai / isa koTike pariNAmoMmeM samAnatA pAyI jAtI hai tathA nAnA jIvoMko apekSA samAnatA aura asamAnatA donoM hI ghaTita hotI haiM / jisameM pratyeka samaya apUrva - apUrva naye-naye pariNAma utpanna hoM, use apUrvakaraNa kahate haiM ! apUrvakaraNa meM samasamayavartI jIvoMke pariNAma samAna evaM asamAna donoM ho prakAra ke hote haiM / parantu bhinna samayavartI jIvoMke pariNAma asamAna hI hote haiM / apUrva karaNakA kAla antarmuhUrta hai aura uttarottara vRddhiko prApta hotA hai | jahA~ eka samaya meM eka hI pariNAma utpanna hotA hai use anivRttikaraNa kahate haiM / isa karaNa meM samasamayavartI jIvoMke pariNAma samAna ho hote haiM aura viSamasamayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAma viSama hI hote haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yahA~ eka samayameM eka hI pariNAma hotA hai / isaliye usa samaya meM jitane jIva hoMge una sabake pariNAma samAna hI hoMge aura bhinna samayoMmeM jo jIva hoMge, unake pariNAma bhinna ho hoNge| isakA kAla bhI antarmuhUrta hai para apUrvakaraNakI apekSA kama hai / 1. gommaTTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 651, 652. 2. gAthA 51,52, 53, 49, 50. 494 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya -paramparA 12 ng

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khodoM karaNoM kA upayoga - adhaHkaraNa, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNakA upayoga midhyAtvaka mauke niSekoMko ghaTAnA hai / adhaHkaraNa meM pariNAmoMkI anantaguNI vizuddhike sAtha navona bandhako sthitikA ghaTanA prazasta prakRtiyoMke anubhAga meM anantaguNo vRddhikA honA evaM aprazasta prakRtiyoM ke anubhAgakA anantavA~ bhAga ghaTanA-rUpa kriyAe~ hotI haiN| apUrvakaraNa meM sattA meM sthita pUrvakarmoM kI sthiti pratyeka antarmuhUrta meM uttarottara kSoNa hotI hai | ataH sthitikANDakA ghAta hotA hai tathA pratyeka antarmuhUrtameM uttarAttara pUrvakarmoM kA anubhAga ghaTane se anubhAgakANDaka bhI kSINa hotA hai / guNazreNoke kAla meM kramazaH asaMkhyAtaguNita karma nirjarAke yogya hote haiM / ataH guNazreNi nirjarA hotI hai / apUrvakaraNa ke pazcAt anivRttikaraNa AtA hai / usakA kAla apUrvakaraNa ke kAlase saMkhyAtaveM bhAga hotA hai| anantara abhivRttikaraNakAlake poche udaya Ate yogya mithyAtvakarmA ke nikoMkA antarmuhurta ke liye abhAva hotA hai / midhyAtvake jo niSeka udayameM AnevAle the unheM udayake ayogya kiyA jAtA hai| samyagvarzanako utpattike kAraNa- kAraNa do prakAra ke hote haiM: - (1) upAdAnakAraNa aura (2) nimittakAraNa / jo svayaM kAryarUpameM pariNata hotA hai, vaha upAdAna kAraNa hai aura jo svayaM kArya kI siddhimeM kAraNa hotA hai vaha nimittakAraNa hai / antaraMga aura bahiraMgake bheda nimittake bhI do bheda hai / samyagdarzanakI utpattikA upAdAnakAraNa Asanna bhavyatA; karmahAni; saMjJitva; zuddhapariNAma aura dezanA Adi vizeSatAoMse yukta AtmA hai / antaraMga nimittakAraNa samyaktvako pratibandhaka anantAnubandhi kA mAna-mAyAdi, sAta prakRtiyoMkA upazama, kSaya tathA kSayopazama hai / bahiraMga nimittakAraNa zadguru Adi haiM / antaraMga nimittakAraNake milane para samyagdarzananiyamataH hotA hai parantu vahiraMga nimittake milane para samyagdarzana hotA bhI hai aura nahIM bhI / narakagati meM tIsare naraka taka jAtismaraNa, dharmazravaNa, aura toyavedanA anubhava ye tIna caturtha se saptama naraka taka jAtismaraNa aura toyavedanAnubhava ye do; tiryaJcagati aura manuSyagati jAtismaraNa, dharmazravaNa aura jinabimbadarzana ye tIna devagatimeM bArahaveM svarga taka jAtismaraNa, dharmazravaNa, jinakalyANadarzana aura devaRddhidarzana ye cAra, trayodaza svargase poDaza svarga taka devaRddhidarzanako chor3akara zeSa tIna evaM usake Age navama graiveyaka taka jAtismaraNa tathA dharmazravaNa se do bahiraMga nirmita hai| graiveyakase Upara samyagdRSTi tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 495

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C hI utpanna hote haiM ataH vahA~ bahiraMga nimikta kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / " vastutaH samyagdRSTi jIvako viparIta abhiniveza rahita AtmAkA zraddhAna hotA hai tathA sAthameM devaguru AdikA bhI zraddhAna rahatA hai| inameMse prathamako nizcaya - samyagdarzana aura dvitIyako vyavahAra-samyagdarzana kahA jAtA hai / jo apanA kalyANa karanA cAhatA hai use aise honA cAhiye, jinhoMne apane puruSArthase pUrNa AtmakalyANa kiyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vitarAga- sarvajJa aura hitopadezIkI pahacAna karanA cAhiye / pazcAt inake dvArA pratipAdita zrutake jJAnakA avalambana lekara apane Atma-svarUpakA nirNaya karanA evaM sacce deva, sacce guru aura sacce zAstra hI usameM nimitta banate haiM aura unakI zraddhA ke binA lAge nahIM bar3hA jA sakatA hai| jinakI strI, putra, dhana, gRha bAdi saMsArake nimittoM meM tIvra ruci rahatI hai unheM dharmameM nimitta deva zAstraguruke prati ruci utpanna nahIM hotI hai| ataeva sarvajJa, vItarAga aura hitopadezIke vacanoMkA avalambana lekara Atma-svarUpakI pratItikA honA azakya hai| AtmAkA svabhAva hai aura yaha kisI dUsareke adhIna nahIM hai aura na dUsareke avalambanase prApta hotA hai / yaha to apane ko jAnane-dekhanese apane meM hI prAdurbhUta hotA hai| isI kAraNa aise mahApuruSoM aura unakI vANIkA Azraya grahaNa karanA par3atA hai jinhone apane meM pUrNa dharma prakaTa kiyA hai| samyagdarzana ke bheva utpattikI apekSA se samyagdarzanake do bheda haiM :- (1) nisagaMja aura (2) adhigamaja / jo pUrva saMskArako pravalatAse paropadezake binA hI utpanna hotA hai vaha nisagaMja samyagdarzana kahalAtA hai| jo parake upadezapUrvaka hotA hai vaha adhigama hai / ina donoM prakAra ke samyagdarzanoMkI utpattikA antaraMga kAraNa sAta prakRtiyoM kA upazama, kSaya yA kSayopazama hI hai / bAhya kAraNakI apekSA ukta do bheda haiM / samyagdarzana ke sAmAnyataH tona bheda hai : pazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika | + 1. bAhyaM nArakANAM prAkcaturthyAH samyagdarzanasya sAdhanaM kevAvijjAtismaraNaM keSAMciddharmazravaNaM, keSAMcidvenAbhibhavaH / caturthImArabhya A saptamyayA nArakANAM jAtismaraNaM vedanAbhibhavazca / tirazcAM pheSAMcijjAtirUparaNaM, keSAMciddhamaMzravaNa, cijjanabimvadarzanam / manuSyANAmapi tathaitra / devAnAM keSAMci jAtismaraNaM, keSAMcijjinamahimadarzanaM keSAMcidveSaddhidarzanaM " anudizAnuttaravimAnavAsanAmiyaM kalpanA na sambhavati / 496 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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opazamika samyaktva anantAnubandhIkI cAra aura darzanamohanIyakI tIna ina sAta prakRtiyoMke upazamase aupazamika sazyatrasya utpanna hotA hai / isake do bheda haiM--prathamopazama samyagdarzana aura dvitIyopazama samyagdarzana | vyadhaHkaraNa Adi pariNAma vizuddhi ke dvArA mithyAtvake jo niSeka udaya meM AnevAle the, unheM udaya ayogyakara anantAnubandhIcatuSkako bhI udayake ayogya kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra udaya ayogya prakRtiyoMkA abhAva honese prathamopazama samyaktva hotA hai / isa samyaktvake prathama samaya meM midhyAtva prakRtike tIna bheda ho jAte haiM: - ( 1 ) samyaktva, (2) mithyAtva aura (3) samyaGimathyAtva | ina tIna prakRtiyoM tathA anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra prakRtiyoMkA udayAbhAva honepara prathamopazama samyaktva hotA hai| isa samyayatvakA astitva caturthaguNasthAnase saptama guNasthAna taka pAyA jAtA hai / anantAnubandhI-catuSkakI visaMyojanA aura darzanamohanIyako tIna prakRtiyoMkA upazama honese dvitIyopazama samyaktva hotA hai| isa samyagdarzana kare dhAraNa karanevAlA jIva upazamazreNIkA ArohaNa kara gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka jAtA hai aura vahA~ patanakara nIce AtA hai| patanakI apekSA caturtha, paMcama aura SaSTha guNasthAna meM bhI isakA sadbhAva rahatA hai| kAyopazamika samyagasva isa samyaktvakA dUsarA nAma vedakasamyaktva bhI hai| mithyAtva samya mithyAtva anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina chaha sarvaghAtI prakRtiyoMke varttamAna kAlameM udaya AnevAle niSekoMkA udayAbhAvI kSaya tathA AgAmI kAlameM udaya AnevAle niSekoMkA sadavasthArUpa upazama aura samyaktvaprakRtinAmaka dezaghAtI prakRtikA udaya rahanepara jo samyaktva hotA hai, use kSAyopazamika samyaktva kahate haiM / isa samyaktvameM samyaktva prakRtikA udaya rahanese cala, malina aura agAr3ha doSa utpanna hote rahate haiM / chaha sabaMdhAtI prakRtiyoMke udayAbhAvo kSaya aura sadavasthArUpa upazamakI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa kSAyopazamika tathA samyaktva prakRti ke udayakI apekSA vedakasamyagdarzana kahalAtA hai| isakI utpatti sAdimidhyAdRSTi aura samyagdRSTi donoMke hotI hai / yaha samyagdarzana cAroM gatiyoMmeM utpanna hotA hai / vastutaH sarvaghAtI chaha prakRtiyoM ke udayAbhAtrI kSaya aura sadavasthArUpa upazama tathA samyaktva prakRti nAmaka dezaghAtI prakRtikA udaya apekSita hotA hai / nIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 497 BR

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sAyika samyagdarzana mithyAtva, samyamithyAtva, samyaktvaprakRti aura anantAnubandhI kroSa, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina sAta prakRtiyoMke kSayase jo samyaktva utpanna hotA hai, vaha kSAyika samyaktva kahalAtA hai| darzanamohanIyakarmake kSayakA prArambha karmabhUmimeM utpanna huA manuSya kevalI yA zrutakevaloke pAdamUlameM Arambha karatA hai|' isakI pUrNatA cAroM gatiyoM meM sambhava hai| yaha samyagdarzana chuTatA nahIM hai / jise kSAyikasamyaktvako prApti ho jAtI hai, yaha usI mAhoka lAgna ra menA hai, athavA tRtIya, caturtha bhavase / caturtha bhavakA atikramaNa nahIM kara sakatA hai| jisa kSAyika samyagdRSTine AyukA bandha kara liyA hai, vaha naraka yA devagatimeM utpanna hotA hai aura vahA~se manuSya hokara mokSa prApta karatA hai| cAroM gatisambandhI AyukA bandha honepara samyaktva ho sakatA hai| ataH badAyuSka samyagdRSTikA cAroM gatiyoMmeM jAnA sambhava hai / yaha niyama hai ki samyaktvake kAlameM yadi manuSya yA liyaMcake AyukA bandha hotA hai, to niyamataH devAyu hI baMdhatI hai / aura nArakI tathA devake niyamase manuSya AyukA hI baMdha hotA hai|' samyagdarzana ke anya bheva samyagdarzanake nizcayasamyagdarza' aura vyavahArasamyagdarzana ye do bheda bhI kiye jAte haiN| zuddhAtmakI zraddhA karanA nizcaya samyagdarzana hai aura viparItAbhiniveza rahisa paramArtha deva, zAstra, murukI paccIsa doSarahita aSTAMgasahita zraddhA karanA vyavahArasamyagdarzana hai| athavA jIvAdi sAta tattvoMke vikalpase rahita zuddha AtmAke zraddhAnako nizcayasamyagdarzana aura sAta tattvoMke vikalpoMse sahita zraddhAna karanA vyavahArasamyagdarzana hai / adhyAtma-dRSTi se samyagdarzanake sarAga aura vItarAga ye do bheda sambhava haiN| Atma-vizuddhimAtrako vItarAga samyagdarzana aura prazama, saMvega, anukampA evaM Astikya ina cAra guNoMkI abhivyaktiko sarAgasamyagdarzana kahate haiN| 1. saNamohakkhavaNApaTuvago kammabhUmijAdo hu / maguso kevalimUle NiTuvago hodi samvatva // -gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gApA 647. 2. cattAri vi khettAI AugabaMdheNa hodi sammataM / aNuvadamahatvadAI Na lahA devAugaM mottuM / / -vahI, gAthA 652. 498 : toSaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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prazama prazamaguNa AtmA ke kaSAya yA vikAroMke upazama honepara utpanna hotA hai / rAga yA dveSa jo AtmA ke sabase bar3e zatru haiM, jinake kAraNa isa jIvako nAnA prakArakI iSTAniSTa kalpanAeM hotI rahatI haiM, jinase saMsArake padArthoMko sukhamaya samajhA jAtA hai, ve saba samApta ho jAte haiN| prazaguNa AtmAko nirmala banAtA hai, cittake vikAroMko dUra karatA hai aura manako vikalpoMse rahita banAtA hai / prazamaguNa dvArA jIvako vikRta avasthA dUra hotI hai aura AtmAkI nirmala pravRtti jAgRta hotI hai / saMvega saMsArase mItarUpa pariNAmoMkA honA saMvega hai / isa guNake utpanna honese AtmAmeM zuddhi utpanna hotI hai / jo vyakti isa saMsArameM rahatA huA yaha vicAra karatA hai ki Ayuke samApta honepara mujhe anya gatiko prApta karanA hai aura yaha saMsArakA cakra nirantara calatA rahegA, yaha AtmA akelA hI rAga-dveSa, mohake kAraNa utpanna honevAlI karma-paryAyoM kA bhoktA hai / ataeva AtmotthAnake liye sadaiva sarvaSTa rahanA atyAvazyaka hai| jaba taka saMsArase saMvaga utpanna nahIM hogA, taba taka ahaMkAra aura mamakArakI pariNati dUra nahIM ho sakatI hai | jJAnadarzanamaya aura saMsAra ke samasta vikAroMse rahita AdhyAtmika sukhakA bhaNDAra yaha Atmatattva hI hai aura isakI upalabdhi samyaktvake dvArA hotI hai / anukampA samasta jIvoMmeM dayAbhAva rakhanA anukampA guNa hai / vyavahArameM vakA lakSaNa jIvarakSA hai / jIvarakSAse sabhI prakArake pApoMkA nirodha hotA hai / dayA ke samAna koI bhI dharma nahIM hai / ataH pahale Atma-svarUpako avagata karanA aura tatpazcAt jIva dayA meM pravRtta honA dharma hai / jisa prakAra hameM apanI AtmA priya hai usI prakAra anya prANiyoM ko bhI priya hai / jo vyavahAra hameM arucikara pratIta hotA hai, vaha dUsare prANiyoMko bhI arucikara pratIta hotA hogA / ataH samasta paristhitiyoM meM apaneko dekhanese pApakA nirodha to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI anukampAkI bhI pravRtti jAgRta hotI hai / anukampA yA dayAke ATha bheda haiM - 1. dravyadayA - apane samAna anya prANiyoMkA bhI pUrA dhyAna rakhanA aura unake sAtha ahiMsaka vyavahAra karanA / 2. bhAvadayA -- anya prANiyoM ko azubha kArya karate hue dekhakara anukampA buddhise upadeza denA / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 499

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3. svadayA - AtmAlocana karanA evaM samyagdarzana dhAraNa karaneke liye prayAsazIla rahanA aura apane bhItara rAgAdika vikAra utpanna na hone denA / 4. paradayA - SaTkAyake jIvoMko rakSA karanA / 5. svarUpadayA - sUkSma viveka dvArA apane svarUpakA vicAra karanA, AtmAke Upara karmo kA jo AvaraNa A gayA hai, usake dUra karanekA upAya vicAranA / 6. anubandhadayA - mitroM, ziSyoM yA anya prANiyoMko hitakI preraNAse upadeza denA uSA kumAdi dugAra janA ! 7. vyavahAradayA - upayogapUrvaka aura vidhipUrvaka anya prANiyoMkI sukhasuvidhAoMkA pUrA-pUrA dhyAna rakhanA / 8. nizcayadayA -- zuddhopayogameM ekatAbhAva aura abheda upayogakA honA / samasta para-padArthoMse upayogako haTAkara mAsma pariNatimeM lIna honA nizcayadayA hai / Astikya jIvAdi padArthoM ke astitvako svIkAra karane rUpa buddhikA honA Astikya'bhAva hai| AtmA svatantra dravya hai, ananta hai, amUttaM hai, zAna-darzanayukta hai, cetana hai aura hai zAnAdiparyAyoM kA karttA / isa Atma-svarUpake sAtha ajIvAdi chaha tasvoMke sambandhako svIkAra karate hue AtmAkI vikRta pariNatiko dUra karaneke hetu sAsa tattvoMke svarUpapara dRr3ha AsthA rakhanA AstikyabhAva hai / AtmAke astitvarUpameM vizvAsa karanese hI samyaktvako upalabdhi hotI hai / jJAnapradhAna nimittAdikakI apekSAse samyaktvake daza bheda haiM: 1. mAzAsamyaktva'--jinAtAko pradhAnatAse sUkSma, antarita aura dUravartI padArthoM kI utpanna zraddhA 2. mArga samyaktva-nirgranya mArgakA avalokanase utpanna / 3. upadezasamyaktva--AgamavettA puruSoMke upadezake zravaNase utpanna / 1. AzAmArgasamudbhavamupadezAtsUtravIjasaMkSepAt / vistArArthAbhyAM bhavamavaparamAyAvigADhaM ca // mAjJA samyaktvamuktaM yaduta virucitaM vItarAgAzayaiva tyaktagranthaprapaJcaM zivamabhUtapathaM zraddadhammohazAntaH / mArgazraddhAnamAhuH puruSavarapurANopadezopajAtA yA saMjJAnAgamAbdhiprasutibhirupadezAdirAdezi dRSTiH // 500 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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4. sUtrasamyaktva - muni AcaraNake pratipAdaka AcArasUtroMke zravaNase utpanna ! 5. bIjasamyaktva - gaNitajJAnake kAraNa bIjasamUhoM ke zraddhAna se utpanna / 6. saMkSepasamyaktva - padArthoke saMkSipta vivecanako sunakara zraddhAkA utpanna honA | 7. vistArasamyaktva - vistArapUrvaka Agamake sunane se utpanna zraddhAna | 8. arthasamyaktva - zAstrake vacana binA kisI arthake nimittase utpanna zraddhAna / 9. avagADhasamyaktva - zrutakebalIkA tattvazraddhAna / 10. paramAvagADhasamyaktva - kevalIkA tattvazraddhAna / samyagdarzanakA sthitikAla aupazamika samyagdarzanakI sthiti jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti antarmuhUrtakI ! kSAyopazamika samyagdarzanakI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa chiyAsaTha sAgara pramANa hai / kSAyika samyagdarzana utpanna hokara naSTa nahIM hotA, isaliye isa apekSAse usakI sthiti sAdi ananta hai, para saMsAra meM rahaneko apekSA jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti antarmuhUrta sahita ATha varSa kama do karor3a varSa pUrva tathA taitIsa sAgara hai| samyagdarzana ke aMga jisa prakAra mAnavazarIrameM do paira, do hAtha, nitamba, pRSTha urasthala aura mastaka ye ATha aMga hote haiM aura ina ATha aMgoM se paripUrNa rahanepara hI manuSya kAma karanemeM samartha hotA hai, isI prakAra samyagdarzanake bhI niHzaMkitatva, niHkAMkSitatva, nirvicikitsatya, amUDhadRSTitva, upagUhana, sthitIkaraNa, vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA ATha aMga haiM / ina aSTAGgayukta samyagdarzanakA pAlana karane se hI saMsAra-saMtatikA vAkayabhArasUtra municaraNavidheH sUcanaM zraghAnaH sUktAsI sUtradRSTiraSigamagate rathaM sArthasya bIjaH / kaizvijjAtopalabdherasamakSamavasAdRdvImadRSTiH padArthAn saMkSepeNena buddhvA rucimupagatavAn sAdhu saMkSepasRSTiH // yaH zrutvA dvAdazAGgoM kRtarubiratha taM viddhi vistAradRSTi saMjAtArSAskutazcitpraya canava camAmma sareNAvaM dRSTi: / dRSTiH sAGgAGgavAhmavacanamaya gAhyotthitA mAtha gADhA kaisyAlakitAbeM ciri paramAvAdigADheti rUvA // - mAtmAnuzAsana, gAthA 11-14. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 501

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unmUlana hotA hai / ina ATha aMgoMmeM vaiyaktika unnatike lie prArambhika cAra aMga aura samAja-sambandhI unnati ke lie upagRhanAdi cAra aMga Avazyaka hai / mizakti-aMga vItarAga, hitopadezI aura sarvajJa paramAtmAke vacana kadApi mithyA nahIM ho sakate / kaSAya athavA ajJAnake kAraNa hI mithyAbhASaNa hotA hai / jo rAgadveSa-mohase rahita, niSkaSAya, sarvajJa hai, usake bacana mithyA nahIM ho sakate / isaprakAra vItarAga-vacanapara dRr3ha AsthA rakhanA niHzaGkita aMga hai| ___ sammAnita jinoti nama, ansA aura dukhI padArthoM ke viSayameM bhI zaMkita nahIM hotA / samyagdarzanake bhApta, Agama, guru aura tatva ye cAra viSaya haiN| inake sambandhameM ye tattva ye hI haiM, aura isI prakAse haiM, anya yA anya prakArase nahIM, isa prakArakA zraddhAna karanA niHzazita aMga hai / niHzaMkatAmeM akampatAkA rahanA bhI Avazyaka hai| zraddhA yA pratItimeM calitAlita vRttikA pAyA vAnA jita hai| niHzaGkasamyagdarzana ho saMsAra aura usake kAraNoMkA ucchedaka hai / yadi zraddhAmeM kucha bhI zaMkA banI rahatI hai, to sattvajJAnake rahanepara bhI abhISTa prayojanako siddhi nahIM hotii| zaMkA mukhyatayA do prakArase utpanna hotI hai:-(1) ajJAnamUlaka aura (2) daurbalyamUlaka | durbalatAkA kAraNa ihalokabhaya, paralokabhaya, vedanAbhaya, atrANabhaya, aguptibhaya, maraNabhaya aura Akasmikabhaya ye sAta bhaya batalAye gaye haiN| jo ina bhayoMse mukta ho jAtA hai, vahI niHzaMka ho sakatA hai| niHkAkSita-aMga kisI prakArake pralobhanameM par3akara paramatakI athavA sAMsArika sukhoMkI abhilASA karanA kAMkSA hai, isa kAMkSAkA na honA niHkAMkSitadharma hai / sAMsArika sukhakI kisI prakArakI AkAMkSA na karanA niHkAMkSita aMga hai / vastutaH sAMsArika sukha vyaktike adhIna na hokara karmoke adhIna hai| koMke sIva, manda udayake samaya yaha ghaTatA-bar3hatA rahatA hai| yaha sAMsArika sukha sAnta hai aura hai AkulatA utpanna krnevaalaa| yaha sukha aneka prakArake duHkhoMse mizrita hai aura hai bAdhA utpanna krnevaalaa'| pUrNa zuddha samyagdRSTi apane zuddha Atmapadake sivAya anya kisI bhI padako 1. saparaM bAdhAsahiyaM vicchiNaM baMdhakAraNaM visamaM / aM iviyehi lavaMtaM sonakhaM dukkhameva tathA ||-prtcnsaar gAthA 76. 502 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA prAcArya-paramparA

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apanA svatantra, svAdhIna, sampatikA nikucha aura upAdeya nahIM mAnatA | AtmAmeM para-pudgala ke sambandhase vikAra haiM athavA hote haiM, ve vAstavameM AtmA nahIM haiM / zuddha AtmAkA svarUpa tattvataH una sabhI vikAroMse rahita hai / isa prakArako niHzaMka aura nizcala AtmA sabhI prakArako AkAMkSAoMse rahita hotI haiM / ataeva samyagdRSTi sAMsArika sukhakoyA yogoMkI AkAMkSA nahIM karatA | nirvicikitsA - aMga munijana dehameM sthita hokara bhI deha-sambandhI vAsanA atIta hote haiN| ataH ve zarIrakA saMskAra nahIM krte| unake malina zarIrako dekhakara glAni na karanA nirvicikitsA aMga hai / vastutaH manuSyakA apavitra deha bhI ratnatrayake dvArA pUjyatAko prApta ho jAtA hai| ataeva malina zarIrako bora vyAna na dekara ratnatrayapUta AtmAkI ora dRSTi rakhanA aura vAhya malinatAse jugupsA yA glAni na karanA nirvicikitsA aMga hai / yoM to vicikitsA ke aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiM, para sAmAnyatayA ina kAraNoM ko tAna bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : - ( 1 ) janmajanya, (2) jarAjanya aura (3) rogajanya | adRSTi-aMga samyagdRSTikI pratyeka pravRtti vivekapUrNa hotI hai| vaha kisIkA andhAnukaraNa nahIM krtaa| vaha soca-vicArakara pratyeka kAryako karatA hai| usakI pratyeka kriyA AtmAko ujjvala banAne meM nimitta hotI hai / vaha kisI mithyAmArgI jIvako abhyudaya prApta karate hue dekhakara bhI aisA vicAra karatA hai ki usakA vaha vaibhava pUrvopArjita zubha karmoM kA phala hai, mithyAmArga ke sevanakA nahIM / ataH vaha mithyAmArga kI na to prazaMsA karatA hai aura na use upAdeya hI mAnatA hai / yaha zraddhAlu to hotA hai, para andhazraddhAlu nahIM / amUDhadRSTi andhazraddhAkA pUrNa tyAga karatA hai / upagUhana-aMga ratnatrayarUpa mokSamArga svAbhAvataH nirmala hai / yadi kadAcit ajJAnI athavA zithilAcAriyoM dvArA usameM koI doSa utpanna ho jAya - lokApavAdakA avasara A jAya to samyagdRSTi jIva usakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, usa doSako chipAtA hai| yaha kriyA upagUhana kahalAtI hai| ajJAnI aura azakta vyaktiyoM dvArA ratnatraya aura ratnatrayake dhAraka vyaktiyoM meM Aye hue doSoMkA pracchAdana karanA upagUhana aMga hai| 1. svabhAvato'zucau kAye - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, patha 13. vIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA 503

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samyagyadRSTi guNI, saMyamI, mAnI aura dharmAtmA vyaktiyoMkI samucita prazaMsA karatA hai unake utsAhako vRddhi karatA hai aura yathAzakti dharmArAdhanake lie sahayoga pradAna karatA hai / isa janya nAga hamaNa bhii| jisakA artha AtmaguNoMkI vRddhi karanA hai| sthitokaraNa-aMga sAMsArika kaSToMmeM par3akara, pralobhanoMke vazIbhUta hokara yA anya kisI prakArase bAdhita hokara jo dharmAtmA ki apane dharmase vyuta honevAlA hai athavA cAritrase bhraSTa hone jA rahA hai, usakA kaSTa nivAraNa karanA athavA bhraSTa honeke nimittako haTAkara use siAra karanA sthitIkaraNa-aMga hai / __ sAdharmI bandhuko dharmazraddhA aura AcaraNase vicalita na hone denA tathA vicalita hote huoMko dharmameM sthita karanA bhI sthitIkaraNa hai| vAtsalya-aMga dharmakA sambandha anya sAMsArika sambandhoMse adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha aprazasta rAgakA kAraNa nahIM, kintu prakAzakI ora le jAne vAlA hai / sAdharmI bandhuoMke prati usI prakArakA Antarika sneha karanA, jisa prakAra gAya apane bachar3ese karatI hai| vastutaH sAdharmI bandhuoMke prati nizchala aura Antarika sneha karanA vAtsalya hai| isa guNake kAraNa sAdharmI bhAI nikaTa samparka meM Ate haiM aura unakA saMgaThana dRr3ha hotA hai / dhUrtatA mAyAcAra, vaMcakatA Adiko chor3akara sadbhAvanApUrvaka sAdharmiyoMkA Adara, satkAra, puraskAra, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya, bhakti, sammAna, prazaMsA Adi karanA vAtsalya hai| prabhAvanA-aMga jagatameM vItarAga-mArgakA vistAra karanA, dharma-sambandhI bhramako dUra karanA aura dharmako mahattA sthApita karanA prabhAvanA hai| jinadharma-viSayaka ajJAnako dUrakara dharmakA vAstavika jJAna karAnA prabhAvanA hai| deva, zAstra aura guruke svarUpako lekara janasAdhAraNameM jo ajJAna vartamAna hai. use dUra karanA prabhAvanAke antargata hai| samyagdRSTi ratnatrayake tejase AtmAko prabhAvita karate hue dAna, tapa, vidyA, jinapUjA, mantrazakti bAdike dvArA lokameM jinazAsanakA mahatva prakaTa karatA haiN| jinazAsanakI mahimA jina pina kAryoMse abhivyakta hotI hai, una una kAyokA yAcaraNa sampagdaSTi karatA hai| 504 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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upamUhana, sthitIkaraNa, vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA ina cAroMkA pAlana 'sva' aura 'para' donoM meM ho huA karatA hai| anya vyaktiyoM ke samAna apaneko bhI saMbhAlanA, giranekA prasaMga Anepara sAvadhAna ho jAnA aura kadAcit girajAnepara punaH padameM apaneko pratiSThita karanA Avazyaka hai| ___ darzana lAyA mosamA milija honene do kAraNa hai:-(1) Agama jJAnakA abhAva yA alpatA aura (2) saMhananako kmii| ina donoM kAraNoMse jIva parISaha aura upasarga sahana karanese vicalita ho sakatA hai / samyagdarzanake paccIsa doSa yA nyUnatAeM __ samyagdarzanake ATha mada, ATha mala, chaH anAyatana aura tIna mUDhatAeM isa prakAra paccIsa doSa hote haiM / mithyAdRSTi ina doSoMke aghona hokara dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAvarUpa paMcaparAvartana nirantara karatA rahatA hai| aisI koI paryAya nahIM, jo isane dhAraNa na kI ho, aisA koI sthAna nahIM, jahA~ yaha utpanna na huA ho tathA jahA~ isakA maraNa na huA ho, aisA koI samaya nahIM, jisameM isane janma na grahaNa kiyA ho, aisA koI bhava nahIM, jo isane na pAyA ho| ataH mithyAtvakA tyAgakara paccIsa doSarahita samyagdarzana dhAraNa karanA manuSyaparyAyakA phala hai| mada yA ahaMkAra samyagdarzanakA doSa hai| zAna Adi ATha vastuoMkA Azraya lekara apanA bar3appana prakaTa karanA mada hai| mada ATha prakArake hote haiM: 1.jJAnamada'-kSAyopamika jJAnakA ahaMkAra karanA ki mujhase bar3A koI jJAnI nahIM / maiM sakalazAstroMkA jJAtA huuN| 2. pratiSThA yA pUjAmada-apanI pUjA-pratiSThA yA laukika sammAnakA garva karanA pratiSThA yA pUjAmada hai / 3. kulamada-merA pitRpakSa atIva ujjvala hai, mere isa vaMzameM bhAjataka koI doSa nahIM lagA hai ! isa prakAra pitRvaMzakA garva karanA kulamada hai| ___4, jAtimada-merA mAtRpakSa bahuta unnata hai / yaha zIlameM sulocanA, sItA, anantamatI aura candanAke tulya hai| isa prakAra mAsAke vaMzakA abhimAna karanA jAtimada hai| 1. bhahaM jJAnavAn sakalazAstrajJo bateM' ahaM mAnyo mahAmaNDalezvarA matpAdasevakAH / kulamapi mama pitRpakSo'sIvojjvala:"1 mama mAtA saMghasya patpurdahitA zIlena sulocanA-sItara-anantamatI-vandanAvikA vartate / "mama rUpAne kAmadevo'pi dAsatvaM karotItyaSTamadAH / --mokSapAhura-TIkA gA0 27. sauyaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 505

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5. balamada -- zArIrika zaktikI dRSTise garva karanA balamada hai / 6. Rddhimada - buddhi Adi RddhiyoM athavA gRhasthako apekSA dhanAdi vaibhavakA garva karanA Rddhimada hai / 7. tapamada - anazanAdi tapoMkA garma karanA tapamada hai / 8. zarIramada - apane svastha evaM sundara zarIrakA gavaM karanA zarIramada hai / vastutaH samyagdRSThi vicAra karatA hai ki kSayopazamajanya jJAna, pUjA Adi vastue~ mere adhIna nahIM haiM, kintu karmAdhIna haiM aura karmodaya pratikSaNa parivartita hotA rahatA hai, ataeva zarIra, jJAna, aizvarya AdikA mada karanA nirarthaka hai / raranatrayarUpa dharma hI jovAtmAke svAdhIna hai, kAlAnavacchina hai, pavitra-nirmala aura svayaM kalyANasvarUpa hai / saMsArake anya saba padArtha 'para' haiM aura AtmosthAna meM sahAyaka nahIM haiM / ataH samyagdRSTi yadi apane anya sardhAmaoMke sAtha jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti Adi ATha viSayoM meM se kisIkA bhI Azraya lekara tiraskArabhAva rakhatA hai, to vaha usakA 'smaya' nAmaka doSa kahalAtA hai / isase usakI vizuddhi naSTa hotI hai aura kadAcit vaha apane svarUpase cyuta bhI ho sakatA hai / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki jJAnAdi heya nahIM haiM, apitu jJAnAdike mada heya haiM / AsmA sambandhI andhavizvAsa andhazraddhAlu banakara AtmahitakA vicAra kiye binA hI loka, deva, evaM dharma-sambandhI mUr3hatAyukta kriyAoMmeM pravRtta honA andhazraddhA yA mUr3hatA hai / ye mUksAe~ tIna haiM: - 1. lokamUr3hatA, 2. devamUr3hatA aura 3. pASaNDamUr3hatA / aihikaphala kI icchAse dharmaM samajhakara nadI, samudra evaM puSkara AdimeM snAta karanA, bAlukA evaM pattharake Dhera lagAnA - parvatase giranA, evaM agnimeM kUdakara prANa denA mUr3hatA yA andhazraddhAmeM samAviSTa hai / jo Atmadharmase vimukha hokara laukika kriyA kANDoM ko hI dharmaM samajhatA hai aura dharma sAdhanAke rUpameM pravRtti karatA hai vaha lokamUr3ha kahA jAtA hai / laukika abhyudaya evaM varadAna prAptikI icchAse AzAyukta ho rAga-dveSase malina devoMkI ArAdhanA karanA devamUr3hatA hai / vastutaH devasambandhI andhavizvAsa evaM usa vizvAsakI pUrti ke sAdhana devamUr3hatAmeM samAviSTa haiN| deva sarvajJa, vItarAga aura hitopadezI hotA hai| isake viparIta jo rAgadveSase malina hai vaha kudeva hai aura aise kudevoMkI ArAdhanA karanese dharmAcaraNa nahIM hotA hai / yadi samyagdRSTi zvAMsArika phalakI icchAse vItarAgadevakI upAsanA bhI karatA hai to bhI samyatvameM doSa AtA hai / jo mithyA AzAvaza sarAga devako ArAdhanAse laukika phaLa prApta karanA cAhatA hai usakI AsthA paGgu aura andha hai / 506 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAdhArya paramparA : 1

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ratnatraya mokSakA mArga hai aura isa mArgake liye Arambha-parigrahake tyAgI guruke avalambanakI AvazyakatA hai / jo Arambha, parigraha aura hiMsAse sahita, saMsAraparibhramaNake kAraNabhUta kAryoM meM lIna haiM ve kuguru haiM / aise kuguruoMkI bhakti, vandanA karanA pASaNDa yA gurumUr3hatA hai| paDa anAyatana yA mithyA AsthAeM bhaya, bhAsA naMmohagA kuNDa, sudeza dharma aura ina tInoMke ArAdhakoMko bhakti-prazaMsA karanA SaD anAyatana haiN| zaMkAdi voSa samyagdarzanake aSTAMgoMke viparIta zaMkAdi ATha doSa bhI zraddhAko malina banAte haiN| ve haiM zaMkA, AkAMkSA, vicikitsA, mUDhadRSTi, doSavyaktIkaraNa, asthitIkaraNa, avAtsalya aura aprabhAvanA / ___ vastutaH samyagdarzana AtmAke zraddhAguNako nirmala paryAya hai / ise dhAraNa kara nocakulotpanna cANDAla bho mahAna bana jAtA hai aura zvAna jaisA ninyaprANI bhI devodvArA pUjya bana jAtA hai| samyagjJAna naya aura pramANa dvArA jIvAdi padArthoMkA yathArtha jJAna samyagjJAna hai| dRr3ha AtmavizvAsake anantara jJAnameM samyakapanA AtA hai| yoM to saMsAraka padArthoMkA honAdhika rUpameM jJAna pratyeka vyaktiko hotA hai| para usa jJAnakA AtmavikAsake liye upayoga karanA kama ho vyakti jAnate haiN| samyagdarzanake pazcAt utpanna huA jJAna AtmavikAsakA kAraNa hotA hai| 'sva' aura 'para' kA bhedavijJAna yathArthataH samyagjJAna hai| nizcayasamyagjJAna apane Atma-svarUpakA bodha hI hai| jisane prAtmAko jAna liyA hai, usane saba kucha jAna liyA hai aura jo AtmAko nahIM jAnatA, vaha saba kucha jAnate hue bhI ajJAnI hai | samyagjJAnake sambandhameM jJAna-mImAMsAke antargata vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai| samyakacAritra yA sampagAcAra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna sahita vrata, gupti, samiti AdikA anuSThAna karanA uttamakSamAdi dazadharmoMkA pAlana karanA, mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoMkA dhAraNa karanA samyakcAritra hai / athavA viSaya, kaSAya, vAsanA, hiMsA, jhUTha, toSakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 507

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corI, kuzIla aura parigrahaNarUpa kriyAoMse nivRtti karanA samyakacAritra hai| bAritra vastutaH AtmasvarUpa hai / yaha kaSAya aura vAsanAmoMse sarvathA rahita hai| moha aura kSobhase rahita jopako jo nirvikAra pariNati hotI hai, jisase jIvameM sAmyabhAvakI utpatti hotI hai, cAritra hai| pratyeka vyakti apane cAritrake balase hI apanA sudhAra yA bigAr3a karatA hai / ataH mana, vacana aura kAyakI pravRttiko sarvadA zubha rUpameM rakhanA Avazyaka hai| manase kisIkA aniSTa nahIM socanA, bacanase kisIko burA nahIM kahanA tathA zarIrase koI nindya kArya nahIM karanA sadAcAra hai| viSaya-tRSNA aura ahaMkArako bhAvanA manuSyako samyak AcaraNase rokatI hai| viSayatRSNAkI pUrtihetu hI vyakti pratinika yanyAHga, atyAcAra, mAra, corI, beImAnI hiMsA Adi pApoMko karatA hai / tRSNAko zAnta karaneke liye svayaM azAnta ho jAtA hai tathA bhayaMkara-se-bhayaMkara pApa kara baiThatA hai| ataH viSaya-nivRttirUpa cAritrako dhAraNa karanA paramAvazyaka hai| __ manuSyake sAmane do mArga vidyamAna haiM:-zubha aura azubha | jo rAga-dveSamohako ghaTAkara zubhogayogarUpa pariNati karatA hai vaha zubhamArgakA anugAmI mAnA jAtA hai aura jo rAgadveSa-kaSAyalpa pariNatimeM saMlagna rahatA hai vaha azubhamArgakA anusaraNakartA hai| majAna evaM tIna rAgadveSake adhIna hokara vyakti karttavya-cyuta hotA hai / jIva apanI satpravRttike kAraNa zubhakA arjana karatA hai aura asatpravRttike kAraNa azubhakA / eka hI karma zubha aura azubha pravRttiyoMke kAraNa do rUpoMmeM pariNata ho jAtA hai / zubha aura azubha eka hI pudgaladravyake svabhAvabheda haiM ! zubha kama sAtAvedanIya, zubhAyu, zubha nAma, zubhagotra evaM azubha karma, dhAti yA asAtA vedanIya azubhAyu, azubha nAma, azubhagotra haiN| yaha jIva zuddhanizcayase vItarAga, saccidAnandasvabhAva hai aura vyavahAranayase rAgAdirUpa pariNamana karatA huA zubhopayoga aura azubho. payogarUpa hai| yoM to AtmAkI pariNati zuddhopayoga, zubhopayoga aura azubho. payogarUpa hai| caitanya, akhaNDa AtmasvabhAvakA anubhava karanA zuddhopayoga, kaSAyoMkI mandatAvaza zubharAgarUpa pariNati honA zubhopayoga evaM tIvra kaSAyodayarUpa pariNAmoMkA honA azubhopayoga hai| zuddhopayogakA nAma 1. asuhAvo vigivittI suhe pavittI ya jANa cArittaM / vadasamidiguttilvaM vavahAraNayA du jiNabhaNiyaM / / -dravyasaMgraha 45. 2. sAmyaM tu darzanacAritramohanIyodayApAditasamastamokSobhAbhAvAdatyantanirvikAro jIva___ sya pariNAmaH / -pravacanasAra, gAthA 7 ko amRtacandra-TokA. 508 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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vItarAga cAritra zubhopayogakA nAma sadAcAra evaM azubhopayogakA nAma kadAcAra hai / paramapada prAptihetu: bAcArake bheda paramapada-prAptike mArgavivecanakI dRSTise AcArake do bheda hai: - ( 1 ) nivRtti - mUlaka AcAra aura (2) pravRttimUlaka AdhAra | nivRttimUlaka bAcArako zyAgamAgaM yA zramaNamArga kahA jAtA hai| yaha mArga kaThina hai, para jalda pahu~cAnevAlA hai / samasta padArthoMsa moha-mamasva tyAgakara vItarAga Atma-tasyako upalabdhike hetu araNyavAsa svIkAra karanA aura indriya tathA apane manako adhInakara AtmasvarUpa meM ramaNa karanA nivRtti yA tyAgamArga hai| yaha AcArakA mArga sarvasAdhAraNa ke liye sulabha nahIM / para hai nirvANako prApta karAnevAlA | yaha kaNTakAkIrNa mArga hai / isakI sAdhanA virale jitendriya hI kara pAte hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki isa nivRttimAgaMkA anusaraNa karanese rAgadveSa-mohAdise rahita nirmala Atmatattvako upalabdhi zIghra hI hotI hai| isa AcAramArgakA nAma sakalacAritra yA munidharma hai / dvitIya mArga pravRtti mArga hai| yaha sarala hai, para hai duurvrtii| isa mArga dvArA AtmatasvakI prApti meM bahuta samaya lagatA hai| isa AcAramArga meM kisIkA bhaya nahIM hai / ataH ise puSpAkINaM mAgaM kahA jAtA hai / pravRttike do rUpa haiM:(1) zubha aura ( 2 ) azubha azubha pravRttikA tyAgakara zubha pravRttikA anusaraNa karanA vikalAcaraNa hai| saMkSepameM AcArako do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| muni yA sAdhukA AcAra aura gRhasya yA zrAvakakA AcAra | zrAvakAcAra zrAvakazabda tIna varNoMke saMyogase banA hai aura ina tInoM varNoMke kramazaH tIna artha hai: -- (1) zraddhAlu, (2) vivekI aura (3) kriyAvAna / jisameM ina tonoM guNoM kA samAveza pAyA jAtA hai vaha zrAvaka hai / vratadhArI gRhasthako zrAvaka, upAsaka aura sAgAra Adi nAmoMse abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / yaha zraddhApUrvaka apane gurujanoM - nirgranthamuniyoMke pravacanakA zravaNa karatA hai, ataH yaha zrAddha yA zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / zrAcakake AcArakA vargIkaraNa kaI dRSTiyoMse kiyA jAtA hai / para isa AcArake vargIkaraNa ke tIna AdhAra pramukha haiM: : 1. dvAdazavrata, 2. ekAdazatratimAe~, 3 pakSa, caryA aura sAdhana / sAvadyakriyA - hiMsAkI zuddhike tIna prakAra haiM: - ( 1 ) pakSa, (2) carghA yA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 509

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niSThA aura (3) sAdhana / vItarAga, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI deva, nirgrantha guru aura nirgrantha dharmako mAnanA pakSa hai| aise pakSako rakhanevAlA zrAvaka pAkSika kahalAtA hai / isa zreNI zrAvakako AtmAmeM samasta prANiyoM ke prati maitrI, guNI jIvoM ke prati pramoda, dIna-duHkhiyoMke prati karuNA evaM viparItavRttivAloMke prati mAdhyasthyabhAva rahatA hai| yaha nyAyapUrvaka AjIvikAkA upArjana karate hue jIvahiMsA se virata rahane kI ceSTA karatA hai| pAkSikazrAvakake liye nimnalikhita kriyAoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / 1. nyAyapUrvaka dhanopArjana gArhasthika kAryoMko sampAdita karaneke liye dhUrtatA mIkA arjita karanA Avazyaka hai| para vizvAsaghAta, chala-kapaTa, aura anyAyapUrvaka dhanArjana karanA tyAjya hai / jise dharmakA pakSa hai, deva, zAstra aura guruke prati niSThA yA zraddhA hai aisA zrAvaka dhanArjanameM anyAsa aura anItikA prayoga nahIM krtaa| santoSa, zAnti aura niyantrita icchAoMke Aloka meM zubhapravRttiyoM dvArA AjIvikopArjanakA prayAsa karatA hai / AjIvikA ke sAdhanoMmeM hiMsA aura ArambhakA upayoga kama se kama kiyA jAya isa bAtakA pUrA dhyAna rakhatA hai / tuSNA aura viSaya kaSAyoM ko sImita aura niyantrita kara parivAra ke bharaNa-poSaNa ke hetu AjovikopArjana karatA hai / 2. guNapUjA - AtmAyeM mArdavadharmake vikAsahetu guNAM vyakti aura jJAna, darzana, caitanyAdi guNakA bahumAna, zlAghA evaM prazaMsA karanA guNapUjA hai / guNa, guru aura guNayukta guruoM kA pUjana evaM sammAna karanA guNavikAsakA kAraNa hai / apane bhItara sadAcAra, sajjanatA, udAratA, dAnazIlatA aura hita-mita-priyavacanazIlatAkA prayoga sva aura parakA upakAraka hai| jisa gAvikako dharma ke prati niSThA hai vaha apane AcaraNa meM veyyAvRtti evaM guNagRha pujAko upayogI samajhatA hai, ataH pAkSikathAvakakI pAtratA prApta karaneke guNa - pUjA Avazyaka hai | isase AtmA ke ahaMkAra aura mamakAra bho kSINa hote haiM / 3. prazasta vacana - nirdoSa vANIkA prayoga karanA prazasta vacana hai / paraniMdA aura kaThoratA Adi doSoMse rahita prazasta tathA utkRSTa vacanAMkA zavahAra jIvana ke liye hitakara aura upayogI hai / 4. nirvAdha triyakA sevana -- dharma, artha aura kAma ina tInoM puruSArthokA birodha rahita sevana karanA nirvAdha trivargasevana hai / ina tIna puruSAda kAmakA kAraNa artha hai, kyoMki arthake vinA indriya-viSayoM kI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM ho sakatI hai aura arthakA kAraNa dharma hai, kyoMki puNyodaya athavA prAmANi 510: tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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katAke binA dhanako prApti nahIM hotI / prAmANikatA sadAcArapara nirbhara hai| pAkSika zrAvakako avirodhabhAvase ukta tInoM puruSArtho kA sevana karanA cAhiye / - 5. trivargayogya strI, prAma, bhavana -- trivargake sAghanameM sahAyaka strI yA bhAryA hai| suyogya bhAryAke rahanese parivAra meM zAnti, sukha aura sahayoga vidyamAna rahate haiN| saMyama, atithi sevA evaM ziSTAcArako vRddhi hotI hai / bhAryAke samAna hI trivarga meM sAdhaka bhavana aura grAmakA honA bhI Avazyaka hai / 6. ucita lajjA -- lajjA mAnavajIvanakA bhUSaNa hai / lajjAzIla vyakti svAbhimAnako rakSA hetu apayazake bhayase kadAcArameM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai / viruddha paristhitike Anepara bhI lajjAzIla vyakti kukarma nahIM karatA / vaha ziSTa aura saMyamita vyavahArakA AcaraNa karatA hai / 7. yogya mAhAra-vihAra - abhakSya, anupasevya aura calitarasake sevanakA tyAga karanA tathA svAsthyaprada aura nirdoSa bhojana grahaNa karanA yogya AhAra hai / jihvAlolupI aura viSayalampaTI bhakSya abhakSyakA viveka nahIM rakha sakatA hai / ataeva viveka aura saMyamapUrvaka AhAra-vihArapara niyantraNa rakhanA yogya AhAra-vihAra hai| 8. Aryasamiti - jinake sahavAsase AtmaguNoM meM vikAsa ho, saMyamako pravRtti jAgRta ho aura AtmapratiSThA bar3he aise sadAcArI vyaktiyoMkI saMgati karanA Aryasamiti kahalAtI hai| vyakti zubhAcaraNavAle puruSoMke samparkase AcAravAn banatA hai / nIca aura durAcArI vyaktiyoMkI saMgatikA tyAga atyAvazyaka hai / 9. viveka - karttavyA karttavyakA tarka-vitarkapUrvaka nirdhAraNa karanA viveka hai | viveka dvArA laukika aura pAralaukika sabhI prakArake karaNIya aura akaro kAkA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / I 10. upakAra smRti yA kRtajJatA - kRtajJatA manuSyakA eka guNa hai / jo vyakti apane Upara kiye gaye dUsaroMke upakAroMkA smaraNa rakhatA hai aura upakAra ke badale meM pratyupakAra karanekI bhAvanA rakhatA hai vaha kRtajJa kahalAtA hai / kRtajJatA jIvana vikAsake liye Avazyaka hai| isa guNake sadbhAvase dharmaSAraNakI yogyatA utpanna hotI hai / 11. jitendriyatA - indriyoMke viSayoMko niyantrita karanA tathA anAcAra aura durAcArarUpa pravRttiko rokanA jitendriyatA hai / jo vyakti indriyoMke adhIna haiM aura viSaya sukhoMko hI jisane apanA sarvasva mAna liyA hai vaha kaSAya tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 511

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aura vikAroMse chuTakArA nahIM prApta kara sakatA hai| indriyaviSayalolupI jIva mithyAdRSTi kahalAtA hai| vaha AtmAse vimukha huA viSaya-sedanako hI sukhakA sAdhana samajhatA hai / ata: indriyoMko niyantrita karanA jitendriyatA hai / 12. dharmavidhi-zravaNa- abhyudaya aura niHzreyasakA sAdhana dharma hai / yukti aura Agamase siddha dharmakI pratiSThA athavA usake svarUpakA pratidina zravaNa dharmavidhizravaNa hai| ajJAnatA aura tIna rAga-dveSake vazIbhUta hA vyakti dharmakA zravaNa nahIM kara pAtA hai| isake liye AtmapariNAmoMkA komala honA Avazyaka hai| 13. dayAlutA-duHkhI prANiyoMke duHkhoMko dUra karanekI icchA dayA kahalAtI hai| jisake hRdayameM komalatA, karuNA aura ArdratA hai vahI dayAlu ho sakatA hai| dharma-dhAraNako yogyatA prApta karaneke liye Atma-pariNatikA dayAyukta honA Avazyaka hai / jisa vyaktikI AtmAmeM dayAkI jitanI adhika bhAvanA samAhita rahatI hai vaha vyakti apanI AtmAko utanA ho dharmadhAraNa karaneke yogya banAtA hai| 14, pApabhIti-aniSTa phala pradAna karanevAle hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi pApoMse bhIta rahanA apaneko dharmadhAraNakA adhikArI banAnA hai / jo nirbhaya hokara pApAcaraNa karatA hai vaha dharmakA adhikArI nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataeva pApa-kAryose Darakara dUra rahanA pApabhIti hai| __ isa prakAra pAkSika zrAvaka ukta caudaha guNoM dvArA apanI AtmAko dharmadhAraNake yogya banAtA hai| zrAvakake dvAdaza vratoM aura ekAdaza pratimAoMkA pAlana karanA caryA athavA niSThA hai| isa caryAkA AcaraNa karanevAlA gRhastha naiSThika zrAvaka kahA jAtA hai| jovanake antameM AhArAdikA sarvathA tyAgakara sallekhanA dvArA Atma sAdhanA karanA sAdhana hai| isa prakArake sAdhanako apanAte hue dhyAnazuddhipUrvaka Atma-zodhana karanevAlA sAdhaka zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| zrAvakake dvAvazannata zAna, darzana aura cAritrako triveNI muktiko ora pravAhita hotI hai| kintu mAnava apanI-apanI kSamatAke anusAra usakI gaharAImeM praveza karatA hai aura apanI zaktike anusAra cAritrako grahaNa karatA hai| zrAvaka gharameM rahakara pArivArika, sAmAjika rASTrIya uttaradAyitvoMkA nirvAha karate hue muktimArgako sAdhanA karatA hai| 512 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-garamparA

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vrata : svarUpa-vicAra aura jAvazyakatA jIvanako sundara banAnevAlo aura Alokako ora le jAne vAlI maryAdAe~ niyama kahalAtI haiM / jo maryAdAeM sArvabhauma haiM, prANImAtra ke lie hitAvaha haiM aura jinase 'sva', 'para' kA kalyANa hotA hai, unheM niyama yA vrata kahA jAtA hai / vratakI paribhASA meM batAyA jAtA hai ki sevanIya viSayoMkA saMkalpapUrvaka yama yA niyama rUpase tyAga karanA, hiMsA Adi nindya kAryoMkA chor3anA athavA pAtradAna Adi prazasta kAryoM meM pravRtta honA vrata' hai| jisaprakAra satata pragatizola pravAhita honevAlI saritAke pravAhako niyaMtrita rahaneke liye do taToMkI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usIprakAra jIvanako niyaMtrita, maryAdita banAye rakhaneke liye vratoMkI AvazyakatA hai| jaise saToMke abhAva meM nadIkA pravAha chinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra vratavihAna manuSyako jIvanazakti chinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai / ataeva jIvanazaktiko kendrita karane aura yogya dizAmeM hI usakA upayoga karaneke liye vratoMkI atyanta AvazyakatA hai / mUla bIca yoM to vyakti meM agaNita doSa hote haiM aura unakI gaNanA bhI sambhava nahIM hai| para una sabhI doSoMke mUlakI yadi khoja kI jAya, to vidita hogA ki mUlabhUta doSa pA~ca hI haiN| zeSa samasta doSa inhIMke antarbhUta haiM / ye pAMca doSa ho vyakti jIvanameM nAnA prakArako burAiyoM utpanna karate haiM aura ina pA~ca doSoMke kAraNa mAnavatA saMtrasta rahatI hai / inhoMke prabhAvase mAnava dAnava, rAkSasa, cora, luTerA, anAcArI, svArthI, prapaMcI Adi banA rahatA hai aura ye hI doSa AtmAke utthAnake mArga meM gatirodha utpanna karate haiM / ina doSoMke utpAdaka rAga aura dveSa haiM / doSa nimnalikhita haiM- (1) hiMsA-rAga-dveSake vazIbhUta ho prANoMkA ghAta karanA / hiMsAmeM pramAda avazya nihita rahatA hai / prANavaSa dravyahiMsA hai aura pramAdayoga bhAgahiMsA 1 ( 2 ) asatya bhASaNa - ayathArtha aura aprazasta bhASaNa karanA / dUsaroMko kaSTa pahu~cAnevAle vacanoMkA prayoga bhI asatya bhASaNa meM garbhita hai / 1. saGkalpapUrvakaH sevye, niyamo'zubha karmaNaH / nivRtirvA prataM syAdvA pravRttiH zubhakarmaNi // 33 - sAgAradharmAbhUta 280 zrIcakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 513

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(3) adattAdAna -- vastuke svAmIkI icchA ke binA kisI vastuko grahaNa karanA, yA apane adhikArameM karanA adattAdAna hai| mArga meM par3I huI yA bhUlI huI vastuko har3apa jAnA bhI adattAdAna hai| nIti anItike vivekako tilAMjali dekara anadhikRta vastupara bhI adhikAra karanekA prayatna karanA corI hai / (4) maithuna - strI aura puruSake kAmodvegajanita pArasparika sambandhako lAlasA evaM kriyA maithuna hai aura hai yaha agrA / yaha AtmAke sadguNoMkA vinAza karanevAlA hai / isa doSAcaraNase samAjakI naitika maryAdAoMkA ullaMghana hotA hai| ina doSoM (5) parigraha - kisI bhI parapadArthako mamatvabhAvase grahaNa karanA parigraha hai ! mamatva, mUrcchA yA lolupatAko vAstavameM parigraha kahA jAtA hai / saMsArake adhikAMza duHkha isa parigrahake kAraNa hI utpanna hote haiM / AtmA apane svarUpase vimukha hokara aura rAga-dveSake vazIbhUta hokara parigraha meM Asakta hotI hai / se lAne sahita kSamatA aura yogyatA utpanna hotI hai / jo zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoMkA pAlana karanA cAhatA hai, use saptavyasanakA tyAga Avazyaka hai / dyUtakrIr3A, mAMsAhAra, madirApAna, vezyAgamana, AkheTa, corI aura parastrIgamana ye sAtoM hI vyasana jIvanako adhaHpatana kI ora le jAnevAle haiM / vyasanoMkA sevana karanevAlA vyakti zrAvakake dvAdaza vratoMke grahaNa karanekA adhikArI nahIM hai / isIprakAra madya, mAMsa, madhu aura paMca kSIraphaloMke bhakSaNakA tyAga kara aSTa mUlaguNoMkA nirvAha karanA bhI Avazyaka hai / vAstabameM madyatyAga, mAMsatyAga, maghutyAga, rAtribhojanatyAga, paMcodumbara phalatyAga, devavandanA, jIvadayA aura jalagAlana ye ATha mUlaguNa yAvakake liye Avazyaka haiM / isaprakAra jo sAmAnyatayA viruddha AcaraNakA tyAgakara indriya aura manako niyaMtrita karanekA prayAsa karatA hai, vahI zrAvaka dharmako grahaNa karatA hai / zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoMmeM pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAyatoMkI gaNanA kI gayI hai / vastutaH ina vratoMkA mUlAdhAra ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA se hI mAnavatAkA vikAsa aura utthAna hotA hai, yahI saMskRtikI AtmA hai aura hai AdhyAtmika jIvanakI nIMva / 1. madyapalamadhuniyAzana paJca phalI vira tipaJca vana' sanutI / jIvadayAjalagAvamiti ca kvacidaSTamUlaguNAH // - sAgAradharmAta 2018 914 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA

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aNuvrata hisA, asatya, corI, kuzIla aura mUrcchA - parigraha ina pAMca doSa yA pApoMse sthUlarUpa yA eka dezarUpase virata honA aNuvrata haiM / aNuzabdakA artha laghu yA choTA hai / jo sthUlarUpase paMca pApoMkA tyAga karatA hai, vahI aNuvratakA ghArI mAnA jAtA hai / aNuvrata pA~ca haiM (1) ahiMsANuvrata ---sthUlaprANAtipAtaviramaNa - jIvoMkI hiMsAse virata honA ahiMsANuvrata hai| pramattayogase prANoM ke vinAzako hiMsA kahA jAtA hai / pramattayogakA abhiprAya rAga-dveSarUpa pravRttise hai / yahA~ pramattayoga kAraNa hai aura prANoMkA vinAza kArya / prANa do prakAra ke hote haiM: ---- (1) dravyaprANa aura (2) bhAvaprANa / pramattayogake honepara dravyaprANoMke vinAzakA honA niyamita nahIM hai / hiMsAke anya bhI nimitta ho sakate hai / para pramattayoga se bhAvaprANoMkA vinAza hotA hai aura bhAvaprANoM kA vinAza ho yathArtha meM hiMsA hai| rAga-dveSakI pravRtti hiMsA hai aura nivRtti ahiMsA / vastutaH saMsAra meM na koI iSTa hotA hai, na koI aniSTa, na koI bhogya hotA hai aura na koI abhogya | manuSyakA rAga-dveSa hI saMsArako iSTa aura aniSTa rUpameM dikhalAtA hai" / iSTase rAga aura aniSTa se dveSa hotA hai| ataH rAga-dveSake avalambanarUpa bAhya padArthoM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai / hiMsAkA kAraNa rAga-dveSarUpa pariNati hI hai / ataeva ahiMsAkA pAlana Avazyaka hai / isIke dvArA manuSyatAko pratiSThA sambhava hai / atyAcArIkI icchA ke viruddha apane samasta Atmabalako lagA denA ho saMgharSakA anta karanA hai aura yaha ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA hI anyAya aura atyAcAra se dIna-durbaloMkI rakSA kara sakatI hai / yahI vizva ke liye sukhadAyaka hai / hiMsA vizva meM zAnti aura sukhakI sthApanA nahIM kara sakatI / pratyeka prANIko yaha janmasiddha adhikAra prApta hai ki vaha svayaM sukhapUrvaka jiye aura anya prANiyoM ko bhI jIvita rahane de / AjakA manuSya svArtha aura adhikArake vazIbhUta ho svayaM to sukhapUrvaka rahanA cAhatA hai, para dUsaroM ko cena aura zAnti se nahIM rahane detA hai / ataeva ahiMsANuvratakA jIvanameM dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai | ahiMsAkA artha manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA prANImAtrake prati sadbhAvanA aura prema rakhanA hai / dambha, pAkhaNDa, UMca-nocako bhAvanA, abhimAna, svArthabuddhi, chala-kapaTa prabhUti bhAvanAeM hiMsA haiN| ahiMsA meM tyAga hai, bhoga nahIM / 1. rAgadveSI pravRttiH syAnivRttistamniSedhanam / toca bAhyArthasaMga tasmAttAn suparityajet // AtmAnuzAsana, zloka 237. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 515

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jahAM rAga-dveSa hai, vahA~ hiMsA avazya hai ! ataH rAga-dveSako pravRttikA niyaMtraNa mAvazyaka hai| hiMsA cAra prakArako hotI hai:---(1) saMkalpI, (2) udyogI, (3) AraMbhI aura (4) virodhii| nirdoSa jIvakA jAnabUjhakara badha karanA saMkalpI; jIvikAsampAdanake liye kRSi, vyApAra, naukarI Adi kAryoM dvArA honevAlI hiMsA udyogI; sAvadhAnIpUrvaka bhojana banAne, jala bharane Adi kAryoM meM honevAlI hiMsA ArambhI evaM ApanI yA dUsaroMkI rakSAke liye ko jAnevAlI hiMsA virodhI hiMsA kahalAtI hai| pratyeka gRhasthako saMkalpapUrvaka kisI bhI jIvakI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhiye / ahiMsANavatakA dhArI gahastha saMkalpI hiMsAkA niyamataH tyAgI hotA hai 1 isa hiMsAke tyAga dvArA dhAvaka apanI kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika pravRttiyoMko zuddha karatA hai| ahiMsaka yatanAcArakA dhArI hotA hai / ahisAgavatakA ghArI jIva ahiMsAkA tyAga to karatA hI hai, sAtha hI sthAvara-prANiyoMkI hiMsAkA bhI yathAzakti tyAga karatA hai / isa vratako zuddhike liye nimnalikhita doSoMkA tyAga bhI apekSita hai-- (1) bandha-prasaprANiyoMko kaThina bandhanase bA~dhanA athavA unheM apane iSTa sthAnapara jAnese rokanA / adhInastha vyaktiyoMko nizcita samayase adhika kAla taka rokanA, unase nirdiSTa samayake pazcAt bhI kAma lenA, unheM apane iSTa sthAnapara jAnemeM antarAya pahuMcAnA Adi bandhake antargata hai| (1) vadha---saprANIko mAranA, pITanA yA trAsa denA, vadha hai| pratyakSa yA parokSarUpase kisI bhI prANokI hatyA karanA, karAnA, kisIko mAranA, pITanA yA piTavAnA, santApa pahu~cAnA, zoSaNa karanA Adi vadhake vividha rUpa haiN| svArthavaza vadhake vividha rUpoMmeM vyakti pravRtta hotA hai / jisake hRdayameM sarvahitako bhAvanA samAhita rahatI hai, vaha vadha nahIM karatA hai| (3) chaviccheda-kisIkA aMga bhaMga karanA, apaMga banAnA yA virUpa karanA chaviccheda hai| (4) asibhAra--azva, vRSabha, U~Ta Adi pazuoM para, athavA majadUra Adi naukaroMpara unako zaktise adhika bojha lAdanA atibhAra hai| zakti evaM samaya honepara bhI apanA kAma svayaM na kara dUsaroMse karavAnA athavA kisIse zaktise adhika kAma lenA bhI atibhAra hai / (5) anna-pAnanirodha-apane Azrita prANiyoMko samayapara bhojana-pAnI na denA adhInastha sevakoMko ucita vetana na denA anna-pAnaniroSa hai|

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ahisANavatakI rakSAka liye nimnalikhita pAca bhAvanAoMkA pAlana karanA bhI Avazyaka hai(1) vacanagupti-vacanako pravRttikA rokanA, (2) manogupti-manakI pravRttiko rokanA, (2) IryAsamiti- sAvadhAnIpUrvaka dekhakara calanA, (4) AdAna-nikSepaNamitti-sAvadhAnIpUrvaka devAkara vastuko uThAnA aura rcaa| (5) AlokitApAnabhAjana-dinameM acchI taraha begva-bhAlakara AhArapAnIkA grahaNa krnaa| 2. satyANavata-ahiMsA aura satyakA parasparameM dhaniSTa sambandha hai| ekake abhAvameM dUsarekI sAdhanA zakya nhiiN| ye donoM paraspara pUraka tathA anyonyAzrita hai| ahiMsA satyako svarUpa pradAna karatI hai aura satya ahiMsAko surakSA karatA hai| ahiMzAke binA satya nagna evaM kura: hai / ataH mRSAvAdakA tyAga apekSita hai| sthala jhUThakA tyAga kiye binA prANI ahiMsaka nahIM ho sakatA hai / yataH sattA aura dhoyA ina donoMkA janma jhaThase hotA hai| jhaThA vyakti AtmavaMcanA bhI karatA hai| mithyAbhApamaM pramukha kAraNa svArthako bhAvanA hai| svacchandatA, ghRNA, pratizodha jaisI bhAvanAeM, asatya yA mithyAbhASaNase utpanna hotA hai| mAnavasamAjakA samasta vyavahAra bacanAse saMcAlita hotA hai| vacanake doSase vyakti aura samAja donoMma doSa utpanna hotA hai| ataeva mRSAvAdakA tyAga Avazyaka hai| ___ asatya vacanake tIna bheda haiM---1. gahita 2. sAvadma aura 3. apriya / nindA karanA, bugalI karanA, kaThora vacana bolanA evaM azlIla vacanoMkA prayoga karanA garhita asatyameM parigaNita haiM / chedana, bhedana, mArana, zoSaNa, apaharaNa evaM tAr3ana sambandhI vacana bhI hiMsaka honeke kAraNa sAvadya asatya kahalAte haiM / ina donoM prakArake vacanoMke atirikta avizvAsa, bhayakAraka, khedajanaka, vera-zoka utpAvaka, santApakAraka Adi apriya vacanoMkA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai / jhUTho sAlI denA, jhUThA dastAveja yA lekha likhanA, kisIko gupta bAta prakaTa karanA, cugalI karanA, saccI mAThI kahakara kisIko galata rAste para le jAnA, AramaprazaMsA aura paranindA karanA Adi sthUla mRSAvAdameM sammilita haiN| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura camakI dezanA : 517

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sAvadhAnIpUrvaka satyANuvatakA pAlana karaneke lie nimnalikhita aticAroMkA tyAga Avazyaka hai| 1. mithyopadeza-sanmArga para lage hue vyaktiko bhramavaza anya mArga para le jAnekA upadeza karanA mithyopadeza hai| asatya sAkSI denA aura dUsare para apavAda lagAnA bhI mithyopadezake antargata hai / 2. rahobhyAkhyAna-gupta bAta prakaTa karatA rahobhyAkhyAna hai| vizvAsaghAta karanA bhI isAma samilie hai ; 3. kUTalekhakriyA-jhUThe lekha likhanA, jhUThe dastAveja taiyAra karanA, jhUThe hastAkSara karanA, galata bahI, khAte taiyAra karAnA, nakalI sikke taiyAra karanA athavA nakalI sikke calAnA kUTalekhakriyA hai| 4. nyAsApahAra-koI dharohara rakhakara usake kucha aMzako bhUla gayA, to usakI isa bhUlakA lAbha uThAkara dharoharake bhUle hue aMzako pacAnekI dRSTise kahanA ki jitanI dharohara tuma kaha rahe ho utanI hI rastI thI, nyAsApahAra hai / 5. sAkAramantrabheda-ceSTA Adi dvArA dUsareke abhiprAyako jJAta kara Iviza use prakaTa kara denA sAkAramantrabheda hai| isa vratakA samyaktayA pAlana karane ke lie krodha, lobha, bhaya aura hAsyakA tyAga karanA tathA nirdoSa vANIkA vyavahAra karanA Avazyaka hai| acAryAnuvara mana, vANI aura zarIrase kisIko sampattiko binA AjJA na lenA acoCNuvrata hai| steya yA corIke do bheda haiM--(1) sthUla corI aura (2) sUkSma corI / jisa corIke kAraNa manuSya cora kahalAtA hai, nyAyAlayase daMDita hotA hai aura jo corI lokameM corI kahI jAtI hai, vaha sthUla corI hai| mArga calatecalate tinakA yA kaMkar3a uThA lenA sUkSma coroke antargata hai| kisIke gharameM seMdha lagAnA, kisIke paoNkeTa kATanA, tAlA tor3anA, lUTanA, ThaganA Adi corI hai| AvazyakatAse adhika saMgraha karanAyA kisI vastukAanucita upayoga karanA bhI eka prakArase corI hai| acauryANuvratake dhArI gRhasthako ekAdhikArapara bhI niyantraNa karanA cAhie / samasta suvidhAeM apane lie saJcita karanA tathA AvazyakatAoMko adhika-se-adhika bar3hAte jAnA bhI steyake antargata hai| saMsArameM dhanAdikakI jitanI corI hotI hai, usase kahIM adhika vicAra evaM bhAvoMkI bho corI hotI hai| ataeva' acoya bhAvanA dvArA bhautika AvazyakatAoMko niyantrita karanA caahie| vastutaH jIvanako kisI bhI prakArako 518 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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kamajorIko chipAnA kamajorI hai / jIvanameM agaNita kamajoriyAM haiM aura hotI raheMgI, para unapara na to pardA DAlanA aura na unake anusAra pravRtti karanA ho ucita hai| acauryANuvratake pAlana ke lie nimnalikhita asicAroMkA syAga bhI apekSita hai 1. stenaprayoga-corI karaneke lie kisIko svayaM prerita karanA, dUsarese preraNA karAnA yA aise kArya meM sammati denA stenaprayoga hai| 2. stanAhuta-apanI preraNA yA sammatike binA kisIke dvArA corI karake lAye hue dravyako le lenA stenAhata hai| diH jyamatitA... jAne dipatana honepara hInAdhika mAnase vastuoMkA AdAna-pradAna karanA viruddharAjyAtikrama hai| rAjyake niyamoMkA atikramaNa kara jo anucita lAbha uThAyA jAtA hai, vaha bhI viruddharAjyAttikama hai| 4. honAdhikamAnonmAna-mApane yA taulaneke nyUnAdhika bAMToMse dena-lena karanA honAdhikamAnonmAna hai / 5. pratirUpakavyavahAra asalI vastuke badalemeM nakalI vastu calAnA yA asalo meM nakalI vastumilAkara use becanA yA cAlU karanA pratirUpavAvyavahAra hai / vAstavameM ina aticAroMkA uddezya vizvAsaghAta, beImAnI, anucita lAbha AdikA tyAga karanA hai| ___ acauryANunatakI zUnyAgArAvAsa-nirjana sthAnameM nivAsa, vimocitAbAsa-dUsareke dvArA tyakta AvAsa, paroparodhAkaraNa-apane dvArA nivAsa kiye gaye sthAnameM anyakA anavarodha, bhakSyazuddhi-bhikSAke niyamoMkA ucita pAlana karanA evaM sadharmAvisaMbAda ye pAMca bhAvanAeM haiN| svadArasantoSa-mana, vacana aura kAyapUrvaka apanI bhAryA ke atirikta zeSa samasta striyoMke sAtha viSayasevanakA tyAga karanA svadArasantoSavrata hai| jisa prakAra zrAvakake lie svadArasantoSayatakA vidhAna hai usI prakAra zrAvikAke lie svapatisantoSakA niyama hai| kAma eka prakArakA mAnasika roga hai| isakA pratikAra bhoga nahIM, tyAga hai| rogake pratikArake lie niyantrita rUpameM viSayakA sevana karanA aura parastrIgamanakA tyAga karanA brahmacaryANuvrata yA svadArasantoSameM parigaNita hai| yaha aNuvrata jIvanako maryAdita karatA hai aura maithunasevanako niyantrita karatA hai| isa vratake nimnalikhita pA~ca aticAra haiN| sIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 519

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1. paravivAhakaraNa-jinakA vivAha karanA apane dAyitvake antargata nahIM hai unakA vivAha sampAdita karAnA, paravivAhakaraNa hai| 2. itvarikAparigRhItAgamana-jo striyA~ paradArakoTimeM nahIM pAtIM, aisI striyoMko dhanAdikA lAlaca dekara apanI banA lenA athavA jinakA pati jIvita hai, kintu puMzcalI haiM unakA sevana karanA itvarikAparigRhIsAgamana hai| vastutaH yaha aticAra usI samaya aticArake rUpameM AtA hai jaba vratakA ekadeza bhaMga hotA hai, anyathA vatabhaMga mAnA jAtA hai / ___3. isvarikAaparigrahItAgamana jo strI aparigrahItA-asvIkRtapatikA hai, usake sAtha alpa kAlake lie kAmabhogakA sambandha sthApita karanA ittvarikAaparigrahotAgamana hai| vezyA yA anAtha puMzcalI strIkA niyata kAla sevana karane meM yaha aticAra hai| 4. anaGgakrIr3A-kAmasevanake atirikta anya aGgoMse krIr3A karanA anaGgakrIr3A hai| 4. kAmatIvAbhiniveza-kAma evaM bhogarUpa viSayoMmeM atyansa Asakti rakhanA kAmatIvAbhiniveza hai| brahmacaryANuvratake dhAroko strIrAgakathAzravaNalyAga, stromanoharAnanirIkSaNatyAga, pUrvaratAnusmaraNatyAga, vRSya-iSTarasatyAga aura svazarIra-saMskAratyAga karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| parigrahaparimAna-aNuvrata parigraha saMsArakA sabase bar3A pApa hai| saMsArake samakSa jo jaTila samasyAeM Aja upasthita haiM, sarvavyApI vargasaMgharSako jo dAvAgni prajvalita ho rahI hai, vaha saba parigraha-mU ko dena hai / jaba taka manuSyake jIvana meM amaryAdita lobha, lAlaca, tRSNA, mamatA yA gRti vidyamAna hai, taba taka vaha zAntilAbha nahIM kara sktaa| zrAvaka apanI icchAoMko niyantrita kara parigrahamA parimANa grahaNa karatA hai / saMsArake dhana, aizvarya AdikA niyamana kara lenA paripahaparimANavata hai| apane yoga-kSemake lAyaka bharaNapoSaNakI vastuoMko grahaNa karanA tathA parizrama kara jIvana yApana karanA nyAya aura atyAcAra dvArA dhanakA saMcaya na karanA parigrahaparimANa hai| dhana, dhAnya, rupayA, paisA, sonA, cAMdI, strI, putra, gRha prabhRti padArthoM meM ye mere haiN| isa prakArake mamasvapariNAmako parimaha kahate haiN| isa mamatva yA lAlasAko ghaTAkara una vastuoMko niyamita yA kama karanA parigrahaparimANavata hai| isa vrasakA lakSya samAjako bAyika viSamatAko dUra karanA hai / isa vratake nimnalikhita pAMca aticAra haiM:520 : tIpaMkara mahAmora aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

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1. kheta aura makAna ke pramANakA atikrama | 2. hiraNya aura svarNake pramANakA atikramaNa | 3. ghana aura dhAnyake pramANakA atikramaNa | 4. dAsa ora dAsoke pramANakA atikramaNa | 5. kunya- bhANDa (bartana) Adike pramANakA atikramaNa | isa vratakA indriyoMke manojJa viSayoMmeM rAga nahIM karanA aura amanojJa viSayoMmeM dveSa nahIM karanA rUpa pAMca bhAvanAe~ haiM / guNavrata aura zikSAvrata aNuvratoMko sampuSTi, vRddhi aura rakSA ke lie tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvratoMkA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / ina vratoMke pAlanase munitake grahaNa karanekI zikSA prApta hoto hai / guNavrata tIna haiM 1. digvata / 2. dezavrata yA dezAcakA zikavrata / 3. anarthadaNDa / digvata -- manuSya kI abhilASA ke samAna asIma aura agnike samAna samagra bhUmaNDala para apanA ekacchatra sAmrAjya sthApita karanekA madhura svapna ho nahIM dekhato, apitu isa svapnako sAkAra karaneke lie samasta dizAomeM vijaya karanA cAhatI hai / arthalolupo mAnava tRSNAke vaza hokara vibhinna dezoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai aura videzoM meM vyApArasaMsthAna sthApita karatA hai / manuSyako isa niraMkuza tRSNAko niyantrita karaneke lie divratakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / pUrvAdi dizAoMmeM nadI, grAma, nagara Adi prasiddha sthAnoMko maryAdA bAMdhakara janmaparyanta usase bAhara na jAnA aura usake bhItara lena-dena karanA dikhata 1 isa vratake pAlana karanese kSetramaryAdAke bAhara hisAdi pApoMkA tyAga ho jAtA hai aura usa kSetrameM vaha mahAvratotulya bana jAtA hai| digvatake nimnalikhita pA~ca aticAra haiM 1. karNyavyatikrama -- lobhAdivaza UrdhvapramANakA atikrama | 2. adhovyatikrama - vApI, kUpa, khadAna Adiko adhaH maryAdAkA atikrama | - 3 tiryagvyatikrama-tirache rUpameM kSetrakA atikrama / 4. kSetra vRddhi - eka dizAse kSetra ghaTAkara dUsarI dizA meM kSetrapramANako vRddhi | 5. smRtyantarAdhAna - nizcita kI gaI kSetrakI maryAdAkA vismaraNa | tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA 521

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vezAvakAzika vrata digvratameM jIvana paryanta ke lie dizAoMkA parimANa kiyA jAtA hai / isameM kiye gaye parimANameM kucha samaya ke lie kisI nizcita deza paryanta AnejAnekA niyama grahaNa karanA dezAvakA zikavrata hai / isa vratake pAMca aticAra haiM 1. Anayana - maryAdAse bAharakI vastukA bulAnA / 2. preSyaprayoga - maryAdAse bAhara svayaM na jAnA. kintu sevaka Adiko AjJA dekara vahA~ baiThe hue hI kAma karA lenA preSyaprayoga hai / 3. zabdAnupAta - maryAdA ke bAhara sthita kisI vyaktiko zabdadvArA bulAnA / 4. rUpAnupAta - maryAdita kSetrake bAhrase AkRti dikhAkara saMketadvArA bulAnA / 5. pudgalakSepa - maryAdAke bAhara sthita vyaktiko apane pAsa bulAne ke lie patra, tAra AdikA prayoga karanA / anarthadaNDavrata binA prayojanake kAryoM kA tyAga karanA anarthadaNDavata kahalAtA hai / jinase apanA kucha bhI lAbha na ho aura vyartha hI pApakA saMcaya hotA ho, aise kAryoM kIanarthadaNDa kahate haiM aura unake sthAgako anarthadaNDavrata kahA jAtA hai| anartharush nimna pAMca bheda haiM 1. apadhyAna - dUsaroMkA burA vicAratA / 2. pApopadeza -- pApajanaka kAryoMkA upadeza denA / 3. pramAdAcarita - AvazyakatA ke binA vana kaTavAnA, pRthvI khudavAnA, pAnI girAnA, doSa denA, vikathA yA nindA AdimeM pravRtta honA / 4. hiMsAdAna - hiMsA ke sAdhana astra zastra, viSa, viSailI gaisa Adi sAmagrIkA denA athavA saMhAraka astroMkA AviSkAra karanA 5. azubhazruti - hiMsA aura rAga Adiko bar3hAnevAlI kathAoM kA sunanA, sunAnA azubhazruti hai / zikSAvratake cAra bheda haiM- 1. sAmAyika, 2. proSadhopovAsa, 3. bhogopabhogaparimANa aura 4 atithisaMvibhAga / sAmAyika - tInoM sandhyAoMmeM samasta pApake karmose virata hokara niyata sthAnapara niyata samayake lie mana, vacana aura kAyake ekAgra karaneko sAmAyika 522 : tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA : 1

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vrata kahate haiN| jitane samaya taka pratI sAmAyika karatA hai, utane samaya taka vaha mahAbasIke samAna ho jAtA hai / samabhAva yA zAntiko prAptike lie sAmAyika kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAyikanasake nimnalikhita pA~ca aticAra haiM 1. kAyaduSpraNidhAna-sAmAyika karate samaya hAtha, paira Adi zarIrake ava. yavoMko nizcala na rakhanA, nIMdakA moMkA lenA / 2. vacanadaSpraNidhAna-sAmAyika karate samaya gunagunAne laganA / 3. manodapraNidhAna-manameM saMkalpa-vikalpa utpanna karanA evaM manako gRhasthIke kArya meM phaMsAnA / 4. anAdara-sAmAyikameM utsAha na krnaa| 5. smRtyanupasthAna-ekAgratA na honese sAmAyikako smRti na rahanA / proSadhopavAsa pAMcoM indriyoM apane-apane viSayase nivRtta hokara upavAsI-niyantrita rahe, use upavAsa kahate haiN| proSaSa arthAt parvake dina upavAsa karanA proSadhopavAsa hai / sAdhAraNataH cAroM prakArake AhArakA tyAga karanA upavAsa hai, para sabhI indriyoM ke viSayabhogoMse nivRtta rahanA hI yathArthameM upavAsa hai| proSadhopavAsase dhyAna, svAdhyAya, brahmacarya aura tattvacintana Adiko siddhi hotI hai| proSadhopavAsake nimnalikhita aticAra hai-- 1. apratyavekSitApramAjiyotsarga-jIva-jantuko dekhe binA aura komala upakaraNa dvArA binA pramArjanake hI mala-mUtra aura zleSmakA tyAga karanA / 2. apratyavekSitApramAjitAdAna-binA dekhe aura binA pramArjana kiye hI pUjAke upakaraNa Adiko grahaNa karanA / 3. apratyavekSitApramArjita saMstaropakramaNa-vinA dekhe aura binA pramArjana kiye hI bhUmipara caTAI Adi bichAnA 1 4. anAvara-proSadhopavAsa karane meM utsAhana dikhlaanaa| 5. smRtyatupasthAna-proSadhopavAsa karaneke samaya cittakA cancala rahanA / bhogopabhogaparimANa AhAra-pAna, gandha-mAlA Adiko bhoga kahate haiM / jo vastu ekabAra bhogane yogya hai, vaha bhoga hai aura jina vastuoMko punaH punaH bhogA jA sake ve upabhoga haiM / ina bhoga aura upabhogakI vastuoMkA kucha samayake liye athavA jIvana paryantake lie parimANa karanA bhogopabhogaparimANavata hai| isa vratake pAlana tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI vezanA : 523

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- -- - karagolpatA maMdira bATA pAtI hai ! isa aso nimnalikhita aticAra haiM 1. sacittAhAra-amaryAdita vastuoMkA upayoga karanA aura sacitta padArthokA bhakSaNa krnaa| 2. sacittasambandhAhAra-jisa acitta vastukA sacitta vastuse saMbaMdha ho gayA ho, usakA upayoga karanA / 3. sacittasammizrAhAra-cIMTI Adi kSudra jantuoMse mizrita bhojanakA AhAra athavA sacittase mizrita vastukA vyavahAra / 4. abhiSavAhAra-indriyoM ko mada utpanna karanevAlI vastukA sevana / / 5. duSpakvAhAra-aghapake, adhikapake, Thoka tarahase nahIM pake hue yA jale bhune hue bhojanakA sevana / atithisaMvibhAga ____ jo saMyamarakSA karate hue vihAra karatA hai athavA jisake AnekI koI nizcita tithi nahIM hai, vaha atithi hai| isa prakArake atithiko zuddhacittase nirdoSa vidhipUrvaka AhAra denA atithisaMvibhAgavata hai| isa prakArake atithiyAko yogya auSadha, dharmopakaraNa, zAstra Adi denA isI vratameM sammilita hai / atithisaMvibhAgavatake nimnalikhita aticAra hai 1. sacittanikSepa-sacitta kamalapatra yAdipara rakhakara AhAradAna denaa| 2. sacittApidhAna-AhArako sacitta kamalapatra Adise DhakanA / 3. paravyapadeza-svayaM dAna na dekara dUsarese dilavAnA athavA dUsarekA dravya uThAkara svayaM de denaa| 4. mAtsarya-AdarapUrvaka dAna na denA athavA anya dAtAoMse IrSyA krnaa| 5. kAlAtikrama---bhikSAke samayako TAlakara ayogya kAlameM bhojana kraanaa| sallekhanAvata samyaka rItise kAya aura kaSAyako kSoNa karanekA nAma sallekhanA hai| jaba maraNasamaya nikaTa A jAya to gRhasthako samasta padArthoMse moha-mamatA chor3akara zanaiH zanai: AhArapAna bhI chor3a denA caahie| isa prakAra zarIrako kuza karane ke sAtha hI kaSAyoMko bhI kuza karanA tathA dharmadhyAnapUrvaka mRtyukA svAgata karanA sallekhanAyatake antargata hai| 524 : tIrthakara mahApaura aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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| zarorakA uddezya dharmasAdhana hai| dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnakA anuSThAna isa zarIra ke dvArA hI sambhava hotA hai / ataH jaba taka yaha zarIra svastha hai aura dharmasAdhanakI kSamatA hai tabataka ghamaMsAdhanameM pravRtta rahanA cAhie, para jaba zarIra ke vinAzake kAraNa upasthita ho jAyeM aura prayatna karanepara bhI zarIrakI rakSA sambhava na ho, taba bahAra, pAnako tyAga karate hue gRhastha rAga, dveSa aura mohase AtmAkI rakSA karatA hai / vastutaH zrAvakake lie AtmazuddhikA antima astra sallekhanA hai / sallekhanAdvArA hI jIvanaparyanta kiye gaye vratAcaraNako saphala kiyA jAtA hai / yaha AtmaghAta nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmaghAtameM kaSAyakA sadbhAva rahatA hai, para sallekhanA meM kaSAyakA abhAva hai / sallekhanAgratake nimnalikhita aticAra haiM 1. jIvitAzaMsA -- jIvita rahanekI icchA / 2. maraNAzaMsA - sevA suzrUSA ke abhAvamaM zIghra maranekI icchA 3. mitrAnurAga - mitroMke prati anurAga jAgRta karanA / 4. sukhAnubandha - bhoge hue sukhoM kA punaH punaH smaraNa karanA / 5. nidAna - tapazcaryAkA phala bhogarUpa meM cAhanA | zrAvakake dainika SaT karma zrAvaka apanA sarvAMgINa vikAsa niliptabhAvase svakarttavyakA sampAdana karate hue gharameM rahakara bhI kara sakatA hai / dainika kRtyoMmeM SaTkarmoM ko gaNanA kI gaI hai / 1. devapUjA - devapUjA zubhopayogakA sAdhana hai / pUjya yA arcya guNoMke prati AtmasamarpaNa kI bhAvanA hI pUjA hai| pUjA karane se zubharAgako vRddhi hotI hai, para yaha zubharAga apane 'sva'ko pahacAnane meM upayogI siddha hotA hai / pUjAke do bheda haiM-- dravyapUjA aura bhAvapUjA / aSTadravyoMse vItarAga aura sarvajJadevakI pUjA karanA dravyapUjA hai| aura binA dravyake kevala guNoMkA cintana aura manana karanA bhAvapUjA hai / bhAvapUjA meM AtmAke guNa hI AdhAra rahate haiM, ataH pUjakako AtmAnubhUtiko prApti hotI hai / sarAga vRtti honepara bhI pUjana dvArA tige vinAzaka kSamatA utpanna hotI hai / pUjA samyagdarzanaguNako to vizuddha karatI hI hai, para vItarAga Adarzako prApta karane ke liye bhI prerita karatI hai| yaha AtmotthAnakI bhUmikA hai / 2. gurubhakti - gurukA arthaM ajJAna anyakArako naSTa karane vAlA hai / yaha nirgrantha, tapasvI aura Arambhaparigraharahita hotA hai / jIvanameM saMskAroMkA torthabAra mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 525

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prArambha gurucaraNoMkI upAsanAse hI sambhava hai| isI kAraya mahaka panika SaTkarmoM meM gurUpAstiko Avazyaka mAnA hai| yataH guruke pAsa satata nivAsa karanese mana, vacana, kAyakI vizuddhi svataH hone lagatI hai aura vAksaMyama, indriyasaMyama tathA AhArasaMyama bhI prApta hone lagate haiM / guru-upAsanAse prANIko svaparapratyayako upalabdhi hotI hai / ataeva gRhasyako pratidina guru-upAsanA evaM gurukti karanA Avazyaka hai| svAdhyAya-svAdhyAyakA artha sva-AtmAkA adhyayana-cintana-manana hai| pratidina zAnAjaMna karanese rAgake tyAgakI zakti upalabdha hotI hai| svAdhyAya samasta pApoMkA nirAkaraNakara ratnatrayakI upalabdhimeM sahAyaka hotA hai / buddhibala aura AtmabalakA vikAsa svAdhyAya dvArA hotA hai / svAdhyAya dvArA saMskAroM meM pariNAmavizuddhi hotI hai aura pariNAmavizaddhi hI mahAphaladAyaka hai| manako sthira karanekI divyauSadhi svAdhyAya hI hai / heya-upAdeya aura zeyakI jAnakArokA sAdhana svAdhyAya hai / svAdhyAya vaha pIyUSa hai jisase saMsArarUpI dhyAdhi dUra ho jAtI hai / ataeva pratyeka zrAvakako AtmasanmayatA, AtmaniSThA, pratibhA, medhA Adike vikAsake liye svAdhyAya karanA Avazyaka hai / ___ saMpama- indriya aura manakA niyamanakara saMyamameM pravRtta honA atyAvazyaka hai| kaSAya aura vikAroMkA damana kiye binA AnandakI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI hai / saMghama ho aisI oSadhi hai, jo rAgadveSarUpa pariNAmoMko niyantrita karatA hai| saMyamake do bheda haiM-1. indriyasaMyama aura 2. prANi saMyama / ina donoM saMyamoMmeM pahale indriyasaMyamakA dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki indriyoMke vaza ho Anepara ho prANiyoMkI rakSA sambhava hotI hai| indriyasambandhI abhilASAoM, lAlasAoM aura icchAoMkA nirodha karanA indriyasaMyamake antargata hai| viSaya-kaSAyAoMko niyantrita karanekA ekamAtra sAdhana saMyama hai| jisane indriyasaMyamakA pAlana Arambha kara diyA hai vaha jIvananirvAhake liye kama-se-kama sAmagrIkA upayoga karatA hai, jisase zeSa sAmagrI samAjake anya sadasyoMke kAma AtI hai, saMgharSa kama hotA hai aura viSamatA dUra hotI hai| yadi eka manuSya adhika sAmagrIkA upabhoga kare to dUsaroMke liye sAmagrI kama par3ego, jisase zoSaNa Arambha ho jAyagA / ataeva indriyasaMyamakA abhyAsa karanA Avazyaka hai| prANisaMyamameM SaTkAyake jodhoMkI rakSA apekSita hai / prANisaMyamake dhAraNa karanese ahiMsAkI sAdhanA siddha hotI hai aura AtmavikAsakA Arambha hotA hai| 526 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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sapa-icchAnirodhako tapa kahate haiN| jo vyakti apanI mahattvAkAMkSAoM aura icchAoMkA niyantraNa karatA hai, vaha tapakA abhyAsI hai| vAstavameM anazana, sanovara Adi napoMke abhyAmase AtmA meM nirmalatA utpanna hotI hai| ahaMkAra aura mamakArakA tyAga bhI tapake dvArA hI sambhava hai| rasnatrayake abhyAsI zrAvakako apanI zaLike anusAra pratidina tapakA abhyAsa karanA caahie| __ vAna-zaktyanusAra pratidina dAna denA cAhie | sampattiko sArthakatA dAnameM hI hai / dAna supAtrako dene se adhika phalavAna hotA hai| yadi dAnameM ahaMkArakA bhAva A jAya to dAna niSphala ho jAtA hai | zrAvaka muni, AryikA, kSullikA, kSullaka, brahmacAro, vratI Adiko dAna dekara zubhabhAvoMkA arjana karatA hai| bhAvakAdhArake vikAsako sIr3hiyAM ___ zrAvaka apane AcArake vikAsake hetu mUlabhUta vratoMkA pAlana karatA hutrA samyagdarzanako vizuddhike sAtha cAritrameM pravRtta hotA hai| usake isa cAritrika vikAsa yA AdhyAtmika unnatike kucha sopAna hai jo zAstrIya bhASAmeM pratimA yA abhigrahavizeSa kahe jAte haiN| vastutaH ye pratimAe~ zramaNajIvanakI upalabdhikA dvAra haiN| jo ina sopAnoMkA ArohaNakara uttarottara apane AcArakA vikAsa karatA jAtA hai vaha zramaNajovanake nikaTa pahu~canekA adhikArI bana jAtA hai / ye sopAna yA pratimAe~ gyAraha haiM / 1. darzanapratimA-deva, zAstra aura guruko bhakti dvArA jisane apane zraddhAnako dar3ha aura vizuddha kara liyA hai aura jo saMsAra-viSaya evaM bhogoMse virakta ho calA hai vaha nirdoSa aSTamUlaguNoMkA pAlana karatA huA darzanapratimAkA dhArI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / dArzanika zrAvaka madya, mAMsa, madhukA na to svayaM sevana karatA hai aura na ina vastuoMkA vyApAra karatA hai, na dUsaroMse karAtA hai, na sammati hI detA hai / madya-mAMsake sevana karanevAle vyaktiyoMse apanA samparka bhI nahIM rakhatA hai| carmapAtrameM rakhe hue ghRta, tela yA jalakA bhI upabhoga nahIM krtaa| rAtribhojanakA tyAga karane ke sAtha jala chAnakara pItA hai aura saptavyasanoMkA tyAgI hotA hai / yaha zrAvaka niyantrita rUpameM hI viSayabhogoMkA sevana karatA hai| ____2. pratapratimA-mAyA, mithyAtva aura nidAna ina tIna zalyoMse rahita hokara niraticAra paJcANuvrata aura saptazIloMkA dhAraNa karanevAlA zrAvaka pratika yA vratI kahalAtA hai| rAga-dveSa aura mohapara vijaya prApta karaneke tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 527

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liye sAmyabhAva rakhanA vratikake liye Avazyaka hai / pUrva meM pratipAdita dhAvakake dvAdaza vratoM kA pAlana karanA vratika ke liye vidheya hai / 3. sAmAyikapratimA - vratapratimAkA abhyAsI zrAvaka tInoM saMdhyAoM meM karatA hai aura kani A par3anepara bhI dhyAnase vicalita nahIM hotA hai| vaha mana, vacana aura kAyako ekAgratAko sthira banAye rakhatA hai / sAmAyika karanevAlA vyakti eka-eka kAyotsargake pazcAt cAra bAra tIna-tIna Avarta karatA hai / arthAt pratyeka dizA meM " Namo arahaMtANaM" isa Adya sAmAyikadaNDaka aura "thossAmi haM" isa antima stavikadaNDaka ke tInatIna Avarta aura eka-eka praNAma isa taraha bAraha Avarta aura cAra praNAma karatA hai | zrAvaka ina Avarta AdikI kriyAoMko khar3e hokara sampanna karatA hai / sAmAyikakA uddezya AtmAkI zaktikA kendrIkaraNa karanA hai / sAmAyikapratimAkA dhAraNa karanevAlA sAmAyikI kahalAtA hai / dUsarI pratimA meM jo sAmAyika zikSAvata hai vaha abhyAsarUpa hai aura ima tIsarI pratimAmeM kiyA jAnevAlA sAmAyika vratarUpa hai / 4. proSadhapratimA - pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazIko upavAsa karanA proSadha pratimA hai| pUrva meM dvitIya pratibhA ke antargata jisa proSaghopavAsakA varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaha abhyAsarUpameM hai / para yahAM yaha pratimA vratarUpameM grahIta hai / 5. sacitta virata - pratimA - pUrvako cAra pratimAoM kA pAlana karanevAle dayAlu zrAvaka dvArA hare sAga, sabjI, phala, puSpa Adike bhakSaNakA tyAga karanA sacitavirata pratimA hai| vastutaH isa pratimA meM kiye gaye saciptatyAgakA uddezya saMyama pAlana karanA hai| saMyamake do rUpa haiM - 1. prANisaMyama aura 2. indriyasaMyama / prANiyoMkI rakSA karanA prANi saMyama aura indriyoMko vazameM karanA indriyasaMyama hai / vastutaH vanaspatike do bheda haiM : - ( 1 ) sapratiSThita aura (2) apratiSThita / pratiSThita dazAmeM pratyeka vanaspati meM agaNita jIvoMkA vAsa rahatA hai, ataeva use anantakAya kahate haiM aura apratiSThata dazA meM usameM eka hI jIva kA nivAsa rahatA hai / sapratiSThita yA anantakAya vanaspatike bhakSaNakA tyAga apekSita hai / jaba vahI vanaspati apratiSThita --- anantakAyake jIvoMkA vAsa nahIM rahane ke kAraNa acitta ho jAtI hai to usakA bhakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / sukhAkara, agnimeM pakAkara cAkU se kATakara sacittako acitta banAyA jA sakatA hai| indriyasaMyamakA pAlana karaneke liye sacitta vanaspatikA tyAga Avazyaka hai / 6. divAmaithuna yA zatribhuktityAga -- pUrvoka pA~ca pratimAoMke AcaraNakA 528 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA ---- " : :

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pAlana karate hue zrAvaka jana dinameM mana, vacana aura kAyase strImAtrakA tyAga karatA hai taba usake divAmaithunatyAga-pratimA kahalAso hai| pUrvokta pAMcavIM pratimA meM indriyamadakAraka vastuoMke khAnapAnakA yAgakara indriyoMko saMyata karanekI ceSTA kI gaI hai / isa chaThI pratimAmeM dina meM kAmabhogakA tyAga karAkara manuSyakI kAmabhogako lAlasAko rAtrike liye hI sImita kara diyA gayA hai| isa pratimAko rAtribhuktivirati bhI kahA jAtA hai| dayAlucitta zrAvaka rAtrimeM khAdya, svAsa, lega aura peya ina cAroM hI prakAra ke bhojanoMko mana, vacana, kAya aura kRta, kArita, anumodanAse tyAga karatA hai| 7. brahmacaryapratimA-pUrvokta chaha pratimAoMmeM vihita saMyamake abhyAsase mana, vacana, kAyakI pravRtti dvArA strImAtrake sevanakA tyAga karanA saptama brahmacaryapratimA hai| chaThI pratimAmeM divAmaithunakA tyAga karAyA gayA hai aura isa saptama pratimAmeM rAtrimeM bhI maithunakA tyAga vihita hai / / Atmazaktiko kendrita karane ke liye brahmacarya eka apUrva vastu hai| yahA~ brahmacaryakA artha zArIrika kAmabhogoMse nivRtti karanA hI nahIM hai apitu paJcendriyoMke viSayabhogoMkA tyAga karanA hai| 8. ArambharayAgapratimA-pUrvako sAta pratimAoMkA pAlana karanevAlA zrAvaka jaba AjIvikAke sAdhana kRSi, vyApAra evaM naukarI Adike karane-karAne kA tyAga kara detA hai to vaha ArambhatyAgapratimAvAlA kahalAtA hai / brahmacaryapratimAmeM kauTumbika jovanako maryAdita kara diyA jAtA hai aura isa pratimAmeM suyogya saMtAnako dAyitva sauMpakara usase virata ho jAtA hai / 9. parigahatyAgapratimA--pUrvokta ATha pratimAoMke AcArakA pAlana karaneke sAtha-sAtha bhUmi, gaha Adise apanA svatva chor3anA parigRhatyAgapratimA hai| aSTama prattimAmeM apanA udyoga-dhandhA putroMko supurdakara sampatti apane hI adhikArameM rakhatA hai| para isa pratimAmeM usakA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| 10. anumatityAgapratimA--pUrvakI nau pratimAoMke AcArakA abhyAsa ho jAneke pazcAt gharake kisI bhI kArobArameM kisI bhI prakArako anumati na denA anumatityAgapratimA hai| isa pratimAkA dhArI zrAvaka gharameM na rahakara mandira yA caityAlayameM nivAsa karane lagatA hai aura apanA samaya svAdhyAyameM tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 529

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vyatIta karata. hai / madhyAnha kAlameM AmantraNa milanepara apane yA dUsareke ghara bhojana kara AtA hai ! bhojanameM usakI apanI koI bhI ruci nahIM rhtii| 11. uddiSTasyAgapratimA-apane uddezyase banAye gaye AhArakA grahaNa na karanA uddiSTatyAgapratimA hai| isa pratimAke do bheda haiM :-(1) ailaka aura (2) kSullaka / kSullaka laMgoTIke sAtha cAdara bhI rakhatA hai aura kaiMcI yA churese apane kezoMko banavAtA hai / jisa sthAna para kSullaka baiThatA yA uThatA hai usa sthAnako komala vastra Adise svaccha kara letA hai, jisase kisI jIvako por3A nahIM hotI hai / ailaka kevala eka laMgoTo hI rakhatA hai tathA kezalubdha karatA hai| munyAcAra yA sAdhyAcAra zramaNa-saMsthA AtmakalyANa aura samAjotthAna donoM hI dRSTiyoMse upayogI hai / muni-AcAra, puruSArthamArgakA ghotaka hai| muni parama puruSArtha ke hetu hI nirganyapada dhAraNa karate haiN| re vimala svabhAvakI prApti Teta antaraMga aura bahiraMga donoM prakArake parigrahakA tyAga karate haiN| vAstabameM digambara veza AkiMcanyakI parAkASThA hai aura hai ahiMsAkI AdhArazilA / kaSAya aura vAsanAse hiMsaka pariNati hotI hai tathA AkiMcanatva na svIkAra karane para ahaMkArakA udaya hokara ahiMsA dharmako uccakoTikI paripAlanAmeM vikSepa utpanna ho sakatA hai| ataeva munike liye digambara veza paramAvazyaka hai / nigraMnyatvake kAraNa hI muni kaMcana aura kAminI ina donoM hI paravastuoMkA tyAga kara moha-rAtrikA upazamana karatA hai| ataeva yahA~ saMkSepameM munike AcArakA vicAra prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai__ bhunike aTThAIsa mUlaguNa hote haiN| ina mUlaguNoMkA bhalI prakAra pAlana karatA huA muni AtmotthAnameM pravRtta hotA hai| paMca mahAvata-ahiMsA mahAyata, satya sahAvata, acoyaM mahAvrata, brahmacarya mahAdata aura aparigraha mahAvata / zrAvaka jina vrattoMkA ekadezarUpase aNurUpameM pAlana karatA thA, muni unhIM pratoMkA pUrNatayA pAlana karatA hai| SaTkAyake jIvoMkA ghAta nahIM karate hue rAga-dveSa, kAma, krodhAdi vikAroMko utpanna nahIM hone detaa| prANoMpara saMkaTa Anepara bhI na asatya bhASaNa karatA hai, na kisIkI binA dI huI vastuko grahaNa karatA hai| pUrNa zIlakA pAlana karate hue antaraMga aura bahiraMga sabhI prakArake parigrahoMkA tyAgI hotA hai| zuddhike hetu kamaNDalu aura prANi rakSAke liye mayUrapaMkhakI picchi grahaNa karatA hai| 530 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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6-10 pAMca samitiyAM-muni dinameM sUryAlokake rahane para cAra hAtha Age bhUmi dekhakara gamana karate haiN| hita, misa aura priya vacana bolate haiM / zraddhA aura bhaktipUrvaka diye gaye nirdoSa AhArako eka bAra grahaNa karate haiN| picchikamaNDalu Adiko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka rakhate aura uThAte haiM / jIva-jantu rahita bhUmi para mala-mUtrakA tyAga karate haiN| pramAdatyAgakI hetubhUta IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAna-nikSepaNa aura vyutsarga ye pAMca samitiyAM haiN| 11-15 paMcendriyanigraha-jo viSaya indriyoM ko lubhAvane lagate haiM, unase muni rAga nahIM karate aura jo viSaya indriyoMko bure lagate haiM, unase dveSa nahIM karate / 16-21 SaDAvazyaka-sAmAyika, stuti, vandanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsarga ina SaDAvazyakoMkA munipAlana karate haiM / sAmAyikake sAtha tIrthakaroMkI stuti, unheM namaskAra, pramAdase lage hue doSoMkA zodhana, bhaviSyameM laga sakanevAle doSoMse bacaneke lie ayogya vastuoMkA mana-vacana-kAyase tyAga, tapa va pathadA mAI rihA tine bhAgomAga karanA apekSita hai / khar3e hokara donoM bhajAoMko nocekI ora laTakAkara, pairake donoM paMjoMko eka sIdhameM nAra aMgalake antarAlase rakhakara AtmadhyAnameM lIna honA kAyotsarga hai / 22-28 zeSa 7 guNa-snAna nahIM karanA, dantadhAvana nahIM karanA, pRthvIpara zayana karanA,khar3e hokara bhojana karanA, dinameM eka bAra bhojana karanA, nagna rahanA aura kezaluca karanA 1 muni kSudhA, tuSA, zIta, uSNa, daMza-mazaka, nAgnya, arrAta, strI, caryA, niSacA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, AlAbha, roga, tRNa-sparza, mala, satkArapuraskAra, prasA, anjAna aura adarzana ina bAIsa parISahoMko sahana karatA hai| mani kaSTa mAnepara sabhI prakArake upasagoMko bhI zAntipUrvaka sahatA hai| usake liye za-mitra, mahala-zmazAna, kaMcana-kAMca, nindA-stuti saba samAna haiN| yadi koI usako pUjA karatA hai, to use bhI vaha azIrvAda detA hai aura yadi koI usapara talavArase bAra karatA hai, to use bhI AzIrvAda detA hai| use na kisIse rAga hotA hai aura na kisIse dveSa / vaha rAga-dveSako dUra karaneke liye ho sAdhuAcaraNa karatA hai / sASu yA muniko AvazyakatAe~ atyanta parimita hotI hai| nagna rahaneke kAraNa usakI nirvikAratA spaSTa pratIta hotI hai| vaha vikAra chipAne ke liye na to laMgoTI grahaNa karatA hai aura na kisI prakArakA saMkoca hI karatA hai| sAdhukA jovana akRtrima aura svAbhAvika rahatA hai, kisI bhI prakArakA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 531

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ADambara usake pAsa nahIM rahatA / sira, dAr3hI, mUchoMke kezoMko dvitIya, caturtha aura chaThe mahInoMmeM vaha apane hAtha se ukhAr3a DAlatA hai| sAdhukA anya AcAra muni-AcAra yA sAdhu-AcArakA pAlana karaneke liye gupti, samiti, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritrakA pAlana karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| yogoMkA samyak prakArase nigraha karanA gupti hai| guptikA jIvanake nirmANameM bar3A hAtha hai, kyoMki bhAvabandhanase mukti guptiyoM ke dvArA hI prApta hotI hai / gupti pravRttimAtrakA niSedha kahalAtI hai| zArIrika kriyAkA niyamana, mauna dhAraNa aura saMkalpa-vikalpase jIvanakA saMrakSaNa kramazaH kAya, vacana aura manogupti hai| jaba-taka zarIrakA saMyoga hai, taba-taka kriyAkA honA Avazyaka hai / muni gamanAgamana bhI karatA hai 1 AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu yA anya janoMse sambhASaNa mI karatA hai, bhojana bhI letA hai| saMyama aura zAnake sAdhanabhata picchi, kamaNDalu aura zAstrakA bhI vyavahAra karatA hai aura mala-mUtra AdikA bhI tyAga karatA hai| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki muni honeke bAda vaha eka sAtha samasta kriyAoMkA tyAga kara de| ataH vaha pAMca prakArako samitiyoMkA pAlana karatA hai / jIvanameM pUrNatayA sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai| muni karmo ke unmUlana aura AtmasvabhAvakI prAptike hetu, uttama kSamA, uttama mArdava, uttama Arjaba, uttama zauca, uttama satya, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa uttama tyAga, uttama Aphicatya aura uttama brahmacaryakA pAlana karatA hai| uttama kSamAkA artha hai-krodhake kAraNa milanepara bhI krodha na kara sahanazIlatA banAye rakhanA / bhItara aura bAhara namratA dhAraNa karanA evaM ahaMkArapara vijaya pAnA mArdava hai| mana-vacana aura kAyakI pravRttiko sarala rakhanA Ajava hai| sabhI prakArake lobhakA tyAgakara zarIrameM Asakti na rakhanA zauca hai / sAdhu puruSoMke liye hitakArI vacana bolanA satya hai| SaTkAyake jIvoMkI rakSA karanA aura indriyoMko viSayoMmeM pravRtta nahIM hone denA saMyama hai / zubhoddezyase tyAgake AdhArabhUta niyamoMko apane jIvana meM utAranA tapa hai| saMyatakA jJAnAdi 1. jabajAdasvAvaM upADidakesamaMsugaM suddhaM / rahida hiMsAdIvo appaDikammaM hadi liMga // mucchAraMbhavijutaM juttaM uvajogajogasukhohiM / liMga Na parAveSastra apuNabhavakAraNaM haM // --pravacanasAra, gAthA 205-206. 532 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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guNoM kA pradAna karanA tyAga hai / zarora aura paravastuoMse mamatva na rakhanA AkiMcanya hai | strI-viSayaka sahavAsa, smaraNa aura kathA AdikA sarvathA tyAga karanA brahmacarya hai / saMsAra evaM saMsArake kAraNoMke prati virakta hokara dharmake prati gaharI AsthA utpanna karanA anuprekSA hai / anuprekSA kA artha hai, punaH punaH cintana karanA | sAdhu yA anya AtmasAdhaka vyakti saMsAra aura saMsArakI anityatA Adi viSayameM aura sAtha hI Atmazuddhike kAraNabhUta bhinna-bhinna sAdhanoMke viSaya meM punaH punaH cintana karatA hai, jisase saMsAra aura saMsArake kAraNoMke prati virakti utpanna hotI hai aura dharmake prati AsthA utpanna hotI hai / madhuprekSAe~ nirNaya bAda hai- (1) anitya - zarIra, indriya, viSaya aura bhogopabhAgako jalake bulabuleke samAna anavasthita aura anitya cintana karanA / mohavaza isa prANIne parapadArthoko nitya mAna liyA hai, para vastutaH AtmAkA jJAna darzana aura caitanya svabhAva hI nitya hai aura yahI upayogI haiM / (2) azaraNa - yaha prANI janma, jarA, mRtyu aura vyAdhiyoMse ghirA huA hai / yahA~ isakA koI bhI zaraNa nahIM hai / kaSTa yA vipattike samaya dharmake atirikta anya koI bhI rakSaka nahIM hai| isaprakAra saMsArako azaraNabhUta vicAra karanA azaraNAnuprekSA hai | ( 3 ) saMsArAnuprekSA - saMsAra ke svarUpakA cintana karanA tathA janma-maraNarUpa isa paribhramaNa meM svajana aura parijanakI kalpanA karanA vyartha hai / jo sAdhaka saMsAra ke svarUpakA cintanakara vairAgya utpanna karatA hai, vaha saMsArAnuprekSAkA cintaka hotA hai / (4) ekatvAnuprekSA meM akelA hI janmatA hU~ aura akelA hI maraNa prApta karatA hai / svajana yA parijana aisA koI nahIM jo mere duHkhoMko dUra kara sakate haiM, isa prakAra cintana karanA ekatvAnuprekSA hai / (5) anyatvAnuprekSA - zarIra jar3a hai, meM cetana huuN| zarIra anitya hai, maiM nitya hU~ / saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate hue maiMne agaNita zarIra dhAraNa kiye, para maiM jahA~ kA tahA~ huuN| jaba maiM zarIrase pRthak hU~, taba anya padArthoM se avibhakta kaise ho sakatA hU~ ? isa prakAra zarIra aura bAhya padArthoMse apaneko bhinna cintana karanA abhyasvAnuprekSA hai / (6) azucitvAnuprekSA - zarIra atyanta apavitra hai| yaha zukra, zoNita tIthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA 533

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Adi sapta dhAtuoM aura mala-mUtrase bharA huA hai| isase nirantara mala jharatA hai| isa prakAra zarIrako azucitAkA cintana karanA azudhi-anuprekSA hai| (7) AtravAnuprekSA-indriya, kaSAya aura abata Adi ubhaya lokameM duHkhadAyI hai| indriyaviSayoMko vinAzakArI lIlA to sarvatra prasiddha hai| jo indriyaviSayoM aura kaSAyoMke adhIna hai, usake nirantara Asrava hotA rahatA / hai aura yaha Asrava hI AtmakalyANama bAvaka hai| isa prakAra AsvasvarUpakA cintana karanA AsravAnuprekSA hai / (8) saMvarAnuprekSA-saMvara AsravakA virodhI hai / uttama kSamAdi saMvarake sAdhana haiM / saMvarake binA AtmazaddhikA honA asambhava hai / isa prakAra saMvarasvarUpakA cintana karanA saMvarAnupraMkSA hai| ( 9 ) nirjarAnuprekSA-phala dekara karmokA jhar3a jAnA nirjarA hai| yaha do / prakAra kI hai-(1) savipAka aura (2) avipAka / jo vividha gatiyoM meM phalakAla ke prApta honepara nirjarA hotI hai, vaha savipAka hai| yaha abuddhipUrvaka sabhI prANiyoMmeM pAyo jAtI hai| kintu avipAka nirjarA tapazcaryAka nimittase samyagdRSTike hotI hai / nirjarAkA yahI bheda kAryakArI hai / isa prakAra nirjarAke doSa-guNa kA vicAra karanA nirjarAnuprekSA hai| (10) lokAnuprekSA-anAdi, anidhana aura akRtrima lokake svabhAvakA cintana karanA tathA isa lokameM sthita duHkha uThAnevAle prANoke duHkhoMkA vicAra karanA lokAnuprekSA hai| (11 ) bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA-jisa prakAra samudra meM par3e hue horakaralakA prApta karanA durlabha hai, usI prakAra ekendriyase trasaparyAyakA milanA dulaMbha hai| asaparyAya meM paMcendriya, saMjJI, paryApta, manuSya evaM samyagjJAnakI prAptike yogya sAdhanoMkA milanA kaThina hai| kadAcit ye sAdhana bhI mila Aye, to ralayakI prAptike yogya bodhikA milanA durlabha hai| isaprakAra cintana karanA bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA hai| (12) dharmasvAkhyAtattvAnuprekSA-sIyaMkara dvArA upadiSTa dharma ahiMsAmaya hai aura isakI puSTi satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, vinaya, kSamA, viveka Adi dharmoM aura guNoMse hotI hai / jo ahiMsA dharmako dhAraNa nahIM krtaa| / use saMsArameM paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai, isa prakAra cintana karanA dharmasvAkhyAtatvAnuprekSA hai| ina anuprekSAoMke cintanase vairAgyako vRddhi hotI hai| ye anuprekSAe~ mAtAke samAna hitakAriNI aura Arama-AsthAko udbuddha karanevAlI haiN| 534 : tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAcArya paramparA

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cAritra saMyamI vyaktikI karmoke nivAraNArthaM jo antaraMga aura bahiraMga pravRtti hoto hai vaha cAritra hai / pariNAmoMkI vizuddhike tAratamyakI apekSA aura nimittabheda se / cAritrake pA~ca bheMda haiN| muni ina pAMcoM prakArake cAritroMkA pAlana karatA hai / 1. sAmAyika cAritra - samyaktva, jJAna, saMyama aura tapa inake sAtha aikya sthApita karanA aura rAga evaM dveSakA virodha karake Avazyaka kartavyoM meM samatAbhAva banAye rakhanA sAmAyika cAritra hai / isake do bheda haiM- ( 1 ) niyata kAla aura (2) aniyata kAla | jinakA samaya nizcita hai aise svAdhyAya Adi niyata kAla sAmAyika haiM aura jinakA samaya nizcata nahIM hai aise IrSyApatha Adi aniyatakAla haiM / saMkSepataH samasta sAvadyayogakA ekadeza tyAga karanA sAmAyika cAritra hai / 2. cheopasthApanA cAritra -- sAmAyika cAritrase vicalita honepara prAyazcittake dvArA sAvadya vyApAra meM lage doSoMko chedakara punaH saMyama dhAraNa karanA chedopasthApanA cAritra hai| vastutaH samasta sAvadyayAgakA bhedarUpa se tyAga karanA chedopasthApanA cAritra hai / yathA- maiMne samasta pApakAryoMkA tyAga kiyA, yaha sAmAyika hai aura maiMne hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigrahakA tyAga kiyA, yaha chaMdopasthApanA hai / 3. parihAravizuddhi - jisa cAritrameM prANihiMsAko pUrNa nivRtti honese viziSTa vizuddhi pAyI jAtI hai use parihAravizuddhi kahate haiM / jisa vyakti ne apane janmase tIsa varSakI avasthAtaka sukhapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta kiyA, padacAt digambara dIkSA lekara ATha varSa taka tIrthaMkara ke nikaTa pratyAkhyAnanAmaka navama pUrvakA adhyayana kiyA ho tathA tInoM sandhyAkAlako chor3akara do koSa bihAra karanekA jisakA niyama ho usa durdharacaryA ke pAlaka mahAmuniko hI parihAravizuddhi cAritra hotA hai| isa cAritravAleke zarIrase jIvoMkA ghAta nahIM hotA hai | isose isakA nAma parihAravizuddhi hai / 4. sUkSmasAmparAya cAritra - jisameM krodha, mAna, mAyA ina tIna kaSAyoMkA udaya nahIM hotA, kintu sUkSma lobhakA udaya hotA hai vaha sUkSmasAmparAya cAritra haiM / yaha dazamaguNasthAna meM hotA hai / 5. yathAsyAta cAritra- samasta mohanIyakarmake upazama athavA kSayase jaisA AtmAkA nirvikAra svabhAva hai vaisA hI svabhAva ho jAnA yathAkhyAta cAritra hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 535

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sapa-viSayoMse manako dUra karaneke hetu evaM rAga-dveSapara vijaya prApta karaneke hetu jina-jina upAyoM dvArA zarIra, indriya aura manako tapAyA jAtA hai arthAt inapara vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai ve sabhI upAya tapa haiN| tapake do bheda haiM ... . e ra asAra mahAvI apekSA honeke kAraNa jo dUsaroMko dikhAI par3ate haiM, ve bAbatapa haiM / bAhyatapa Abhyantara tapako puSTimeM kAraNa haiN| jina tapoMmeM mAnasika kriyAoMkI pradhAnatA ho, jo anyako dikhalAI na par3eM ve Abhyantara tapa haiM / bAhyatapa anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, vivikta zayyAsana aura kAyakleza ye chaha bAhya tapa haiN| 1. anazana-saMyamakI puSTi, rAgakA uccheda, karmanAza aura dhyAnasiddhike liye bhojanakA tyAga karanA anazana tapa hai| isameM khyAti, pUjA Adi phalaprAptikI AkAMkSA nahIM rhtii| 2. avamodayaM-saMyamako jAgRta rakhane, doSoMke prazama karane, santoSa evaM svAdhyAyako siddha karaneke liye bhUkhase kama khAnA avamaudarya tapa hai| munikA utkRSTa grAsa battIsa grAsa hai, ataH isase alpa AhAra karanA avamodayaM hai| 3. vRttiparisaMkhyAna-AhArake liye jAte samaya ghara, galI AdikA niyama grahaNa karanA vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa hai| yaha cittavRtipara vijaya prApta karane aura Asaktiko ghaTAneke liye dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / 4. rasaparityAga-indriyoM aura nidrA para vijayaprAptArtha ghI, dugdha, dadhi, tela, mIThA aura namakakA yathAyogya tyAga karanA rasaparityAga tapa hai| 5. viviktazamyAsana-brahmacarya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adiko siddhi hetu ekAnta sthAnameM zayana karanA tathA Asana lagAnA viviktazayyAsana tapa hai| 6. kAyakleza-kaSTa sahana karaneke abhyAsake hetu vilAsabhAvanAko dUra karane tathA dharmakI prabhAvanAke liye grISma RtameM parvatazilApara, zIta RtumeM khule maidAnameM aura varSA RtumeM vRkSake nIce dhyAna lagAnA kAyakleza hai / mAmyantara tapa-Abhyantara tapake prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyyAvRttya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna ye chaha bheda haiN| 1. prAyazcitta-pramAdase lage hue doSoMko dUra karanA prAyazcitta tapa hai / 536 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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isake AlocanA, pratikramaNa, tadubhaya, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, parihAra, aura upasthApanA ye no bheda hai| guruse apane pramAdako nivedana karanA AlocanA; kiye gaye aparAdhaka prati merA doSa mithyA hA aisA nivedana pratikramaNa AlocanA aura pratikramaNa dAnoMkA eka sAtha karanA tadubhaya; anya pAtra aura upakaraNa Adike mila jAne para unakA tyAga karanA viveka; manameM azubha yA azuddha vicAroke Anepara niyata samaya taka kAyotsarga karanA vyutsagaM hai| doSavizeSa ke ho jAnepara usake parihArake liye anazana Adi karanA tapa hai / kisA vizeSa doSake hAnepara usa doSake parihArArtha dIkSA kA cheda karanA chaMda hai; viziSTa aparAdhake honepara saMghase pRthaka karanA parihAra haiM; aura bar3e doSake lagane para usa doSake parihArahetu pUrNa dokSAkA cheda karake puna: dIkSA denA upasthApanA hai| 2. vinaya--pUjya puruSoM ke prati AdarabhAva prakaTa karanA vinayatapa hai| isake cAra bheda hai| mAkSApayogI jJAna prApta karanA, usakA abhyAsa rakhanA aura kiye gaye abhyAsakA smaraNa rakhanA jhAnavinaya hai; samyagdarzanakA zaMkAdi dASAMsa rahita pAlana karanA darzanavinaya; sAmAyika Adi yathAyogya cAritrake pAlana karane meM cittakA samAdhAna rakhanA cAritravinaya hai| aura AcArya Adike prati "namostu" Adi prakaTa karanA upacAravinaya hai / 3. vaizyAvRttya-zarora Adika dvArA sevA-zuzrUSA karanA vaiyyAvRsya hai| jinako vayyAvRtti kA jAtI hai, ve daza prakArake haiN| 1. AcArya-jinake pAsa jAkara muni vratAcaraNa karate haiN| 2. upAdhyAya-jinake pAsa muni-gaNa zAstrAbhyAsa karate hai| 3. tapasvI-bo bahuta vrata-upavAsa karate hai| 4. zaikSya-jo zrutakA abhyAsa karate haiN| 5. glAna-roga Adise jinakA zarIra klAnta ho / 6. gaNa-sthaviroMkI saMtasi / 7. kula-dIkSA dene vAle AcAryakI ziSyaparamparA / 8. saMgha-RSi, yati, muni aura banamArake bhedase cAra prakArake sAdhukA samUha / 9. sAdhu-bahuta samayase dokSita muni / 10, manojJa-jinakA upadeza lokamAnya ho athavA lokameM pUjya ho / 4. svAdhyAya-Alasyako tyAgakara jJAnakA adhyayana karanA svAdhyAya hai / svAdhyAyake pAMca bheda haiN| toSakara mahAgIra aura dhanakI dezanA : 537

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1. vAcanA-prantha, artha tathA donoMkA nirdoSarItise pATha karanA / 2. pRcchanA-zaMkAko dUra karane yA vizeSa nirNayako pucchA karanA / 3. anuprekSA--adhIta zAstrakA abhyAsa karanA, punaH punaH vicAra karanA / 4. AmnApa-jo pATha par3hA hai usakA zuddhatApUrvaka punaH punaH uccAraNa krnaa| 5. dharmopadeza-dharmakathA yA dharmacarcA krnaa| 5. vyutsarga- zarIra AdimeM ahaMkAra aura mamakAra AdikA tyAga karanA vyutsarga hai / isake do bheda haiM-(1) bAhyavyutsarga aura (2) AbhyAnyara vyutsarga / bhavana, kheta, ghana, dhAnya Adi pRthaka bhUta padArtha ke prati mamatAkA tyAga karanA bAmavyutsarga aura AtmAke kAdhAdi pariNAmAkA tyAga karanA Abhyantara vyutsarga hai| 6. dhyAna-caJcala manako ekAgra karane ke lie kisI eka viSaya meM sthita karanA dhyAna hai| uttama dhyAna to uttama saMhananake dhAraka manuSyako prApta hotA hai / yaha apanI cittavRtiko sabhI orase rokakara AtmasvarUpameM avasthita karatA hai| jaba AtmA samasta za bhAzabha saMkalpa-vikalpoMko chor3a, nirvikalpa samAdhimeM lIna ho jAtI hai, to samasta kamoM kI zRGkhalA TUTa jAtI hai / dhyAnakA artha bhI yahI hai ki samasta cintAoM, saMkalpa-vikalpoMko rokakara manako sthira karanA; AtmasvarUpakA cintana karate hue pudgala draSyase AtmAko bhinna vicAranA aura AtmasvarUpameM sthira honaa|| dhyAna karanese mana, vacana aura zarIrako zuddhi hotI hai| manazuddhike vinA zarIrako kaSTa denA vyartha hai, jisakA mana sthira hokara AtmAmeM lIna ho jAtA hai vaha paramAtmapadako avazya prApta kara letA hai| manako sthira karaneke lie dhyAna hI eka sAdhana hai / dhyAnake bheda dhyAnake cAra bheda haiM-1. AtadhyAna, 2, raudradhyAna 3. dharma dhyAna aura 4. zukla dhyAna / ina meMse prathama do dhyAna pApAsavakA kAraNa honese aprazasta haiM aura uttaravartI do dhyAna karma naSTa karane meM samartha honeke kAraNa prazasta haiN| yAsaMdhyAna : svarUpa aura bheva __ RtakA artha duHkha hai| jisake honemeM duHkhakA udvaga yA tIvratA nimitta hai, vaha AttadhyAna hai / ArsadhyAnake cAra bheda haiM--1. aniSTasaMyogajanya AdhyAna, 2. iSTaviyogajanya ArtavyAna, 3. vedanAjanya AsaMdhyAna aura 4. nidAnaja 538 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI bhASArya paramparA

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AttadhyAna | aniSTa padArthoke saMyoga ho jAnepara usa aniSTako dUra karaneke lie bAra-bAra cintana karanA aniSTasaMyogajanya AtaMdhyAna hai / strI, putra, ghana, ghAnya Adi iSTa padArthoke viyukta ho jAnepara unakI prAptike lie bAra-bAra cintana karanA iSTaviyogajanya ArtadhyAna hai| rogake hone para adhIra ho jAnA, yaha roga mujhe bahuta kaSTa de rahA hai, kaba dUra hogA, isa prakAra sadA rogajanya duHkhakA vicAra karate rahanA sIsarA AttadhyAna hai| bhaviSyatakAlameM bhogoMkI prAptikI AkAMkSAko manameM bAra-bAra lAnA nidAnaja AsadhyAna hai| raudradhyAna : svarUpa aura meva rudrakA artha krUra pariNAma hai / jo kara pariNAmoMke nimittase hotA hai, vaha raudradhyAna hai / raudradhyAnake nimittako apekSA cAra bheda haiM-1. hiMsAnanda raudradhyAna, 2. mRSAnanda raudraSyAna, 3. cauryAnanda raudradhyAna aura 4. viSayasaMrakSaNa raudradhyAna / jIvoMke samUhako apane tathA anya dvArA mAre jAnepara, pIr3ita kiye mAnepara evaM kaSTa pahu~cAye jAnepara jo cintana kiyA jAtA hai yA harSa manAyA jAtA hai use hisAnanda rodaNyAna kahA jAtA hai / yaha dhyAna nirdayI, krodhI mAnI, kamIlameko nAstika evaM uddIptakaSAyavAleko hotA hai | zatruse badalA lenekA cintana karanA, yuddha meM prANaghAta kiye gaye dRzyakA cintana karanA evaM kisIko mArane-pITane kaSTa pahu~cAne Adike upAyoMkA cintana karanA bhI hiMsAnanda raudradhyAnake antargata hai / mUTho kalpanAoM ke samUhase pAparUpI mailase malinacitta hokara jo kucha cintana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mRSAnanda raudradhyAna hai| isa dhyAnako karanevAlA vyakti nAnA prakArake jhUThe saMkalpa-vikalpakara AnandAnubhUti prApta karatA rahatA hai| corI karanekI yuktiyA~ socate rahanA, paradhana yA sundara vastuko haDpanekI dina-rAta cintA karate rahanA cauryAnanda mAmaka raudradhyAna hai| sAMsArika viSaya bhoganeke hetu cintana karanA, viSayabhogako sAmagrI ekatra karaneke lie vicAra karanA evaM dhana-sampatti Adi prApta karaneke sAdhanoMkA cintana karanA viSayasaMrakSaNanAmaka raudradhyAna hai| Arta aura raudra donoM hI dhyAna AtmakalyANa meM bAdhaka haiN| inase AtmasvarUpa AcchAdita ho jAtA hai tathA svapariNati lupta hokara parapariNatikI prApti ho jAtI hai / ye donoM dhyAna durdhyAna kahalAte haiM aura durgati ke kAraNa haiM | inakA AtmakalyANase kucha bhI sambandha nahIM hai / pamaMdhyAma : svarUpa aura bheda __zubha rAga aura sadAcAra sambandhI cintana karanA dharmadhyAna hai / dharmadhyAna tIrthakara mahAvIra aura camakI dezanA : 539

Page #581
AtmAkI nirmalatAkA sAdhana hai| isa dhyAnake samana bhedoMkA sAdhana karanese ratnatrayaguNa nirmala hotA hai aura koko nirjarA hotI hai| dharmadhyAnake cAra bheda haiM-1. AjJA, 2. apAya, 3. vipAka aura 4. saMsthAna | AgamAnusAra tattvoMkA vicAra karanA AjJAvicaya, apane tathA dUsaroMke rAga-dveSa-moha Adi vikAroMko nAza karanekA cintana karanA apAyavicaya, apane tathA dUsaroM ke sukha-duHkhako dekhakara karmaprakRtiyoMke svarUpakA cintana karanA vipAkavicaya evaM lokake svarUpakA vicAra karanA saMsthAnAvacayanAmaka dharmadhyAna hai| isa dharmadhyAnake anya prakArase bhI cAra bheda haiM-1. piMDastha, 2. padastha, 3. rUpastha aura 4. rUpAtIta / yaha dharmadhyAna avirata, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata aura apramatta saMyata jIvoMke sambhava hai / zreNi-ArohaNake pUrva dharmadhyAna aura zreNiArohaNake samayase zukladhyAna hotA hai / piNDasya dhyAna zarIra sthita AtmAkA cintana karanA piNDastha dhyAna hai| yaha AtmA nimitta-naimittika sambandhase rAgaveSayukta hai aura nizcayanayakI apekSA yaha bilakula zuddha jJAna-darzana caitanyarUpa hai / nimitta-naimittika sambandha anAdikAlIna hai aura isI sambandhake kAraNa yaha AtmA anAdikAlase isa zarIrameM Abaddha hai / yo to yaha zarIrase bhinna amUrtika, sUkSma aura caitanyaguNadhArI hai, para isa sambandhake kAraNa yaha amUrtika hote hue bhI kazcit mUrtika hai / isa prakAra parIstha AtmAkA cintana piNDastha dhyAnameM sammilita hai| isa dhyAnako sampAdita karaneke lie pAMca dhAraNAe~ vaNita hai--1. pArthivo, 2. Agneya, 3. vAyavI 4, alIya aura 4. tattvarUpavatI / pApiyo dhAraNA isa dhAraNAmeM eka madhyalokake samAna nirmala jalaphA bar3A samudra cintana kare; usake madhyameM jambUdvIpake tulya eka lAkha yojana caur3A aura eka sahasra patravAle tape hue svarNa ke samAna varNake kamalakA cintana kare / kaNikAke bIca meM sumeru parvata soce| usa sumeru parvatake Upara pANDukavanameM pANDaka zilAkA cintana kare / usapara sphaTika maNikA Asana vicAre / usa Asanapara pagAsana lagAkara apaneko dhyAna karate hue karma naSTa karaneke hetu vicAra kare / itanA cintana bAra-bAra karanA pAthivI dhAraNA hai| Agneyo dhAraNA usI siMhAsanapara baiThe hue yaha vicAra kare ki mere nAbhikamalake sthAnapara 540 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya-paramparA

Page #582
bhItara Uparako uThA hA solaha pattoMkA eka zveta raMgakA kamala hai| usapara posabarNake solaha svara likhe haiM / a A, i I, u U R R, lu la, e ai, o au, aM aH, ina svaroM ke bIca meM 'ha' likhA hai| dUsarA kamala hRdayasthAnapara nAbhikamalake Upara ATha pattoMkA auMdhA vicAra karanA caahie| isa kamalako zAnAvaraNAdi ATha pattoMkA kamala mAnA jAyagA | pazcAt nAbhi-kamalake bIcameM jahA~ 'haM' likhA hai, usake rephase dhuA nikalatA huA sAce, punaH AgnakI zikhA to huI vicAra kre| yaha lo Upara uThakara ATha koMke kamalako jalAne lgii| kamalake vIcase phaTakara agnikI lau mastakapara A gii| isakA AdhA bhAga zarIrake eka ora aura AdhA bhAga zarIrake dUsarI ora nikalakara donoMke kone mila gye| agnimaya trikoNa saba prakArase zarIrako veSTita kiye hue hai| isa trikoNameM ra ra ra ra rara ra akSaroMko agnimaya phaile hue vicAre arthAt isa trikoNa ke tInoM koNa agnimaya ra ra ra akSaroMke bane hue haiN| isake bAharo tInoM koNoMpara agnimaya sAthiyA tathA bhItarI tInoM koNoMpara agnimaya 'om haiM likhA soce / pazcAt vicAra kare ki bhItarI agniko jvAlA koko aura bAharI agnikI jvAlA zarIrako jalA rahI hai / jalate-jalate kama aura zarIra donoM hI jalakara rAkha ho gaye haiM sathA agniko jvAlA zAnta ho gaI hai athavA pahaleke rephameM samAviSTa ho gaI hai, jahAMse uTho tho / itanA abhyAsa karanA 'agnidhAraNA' hai| vAyu-dhAraNA tadanantara sAdhaka cintana kare ki mere cAroM ora bar3I pracaNDa vAyu cala rahI hai| isa vAyukA eka golA maNDalAkAra banakara mujhe cAroM orase ghere hue hai| isa maNDalameM ATha jagaha 'svaoNya svaoNya' likhA huA hai| yaha vAyumaNDala karma tathA zarIrake rajako ur3A rahA hai / AtmA svaccha aura nirmala hotI jA rahI hai| isa prakArakA cintana karanA vAyu-dhAraNA hai / jala-dhAraNA tatpazcAt cintana kare ki AkAzameM meghoMkI ghaTAeM AcchAdita haiM / vidyut camaka rahI hai| bAdala garaja rahe haiM aura ghanaghora vRSTi ho rahI hai| pAnIkA apane Upara eka adhaM candrAkAra maNDala bana gayA hai| jisapara pa pa pa pa kaI sthAnoMpara likhA hai| jala-dhArAe~ AtmAke Upara lagI huI haiM aura karmaraja prakSAlita ho rahA hai, isa prakAra cintana karanA jala ghAraNA hai / tattvarUpavatI-dhAraNA isake Age sAdhaka cintana kare ki aba maiM siddha, buddha, sarvajJa, nirmala, pharma tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 541

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aura zarIrase rahita caitanyasvarUpa AtmA hU~| puruSAkAra caitanyadhAtukI banI zuddha mUrtike samAna hU~ / pUnaM candramAke tulya jyotisvarUpa huuN| kramazaH ina pA~ca dhAraNAoM dvArA piMDastha dhyAnakA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha dhyAna AtmAke karmakalapaGkako dUrakara jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya guNoMkA vikAsa karatA hai| pavastha dhyAna mantrapadoMke dvArA arhanta. siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAghu tathA AtmAkA svarUpa cintana karanA padastha dhyAna hai| kisI niyata sthAna-nAsikAgrayA bhRkuTike madhya meM mantrako aMkita kara usako dekhate hue cittako ekAgra karanA padastha dhyAnake antargata hai| isa dhyAnameM isa bAtakA cintana karanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki zuddha honeke lie jo zuddha AtmAoMkA cintana kiyA jA rahA hai vaha karmarajako dUra karanevAlA hai / isa dhyAnakA sarala aura sAdhya rUpa yaha hai ki hRdayameM ATha patrAkAra kamalakA cintana kare aura ina ATha patroMmeMse pAMca patroMpara "Namo arahatANaM Namo siddhANaM, Namo AiriyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savasAhUNaM," likhA cintana kare tathA zeSa tIna patroMpara kramazaH "samyagdarzanAya namaH, samyagjJAnAya namaH aura samyakcAritrAya nama:" likhA huA vicaare| isa prakAra eka-eka pattepara likhe hue maMtrakA dhyAna jitane samaya taka kara sake, kre| rUpasya dhyAna ahaMnta parameSThIke svarUpakA-vicAra kare ki ve samavazaraNameM dvAdaza sabhAoMke madhyameM dhyAnastha virAjamAna hai| ve anantacatuSTaya sahita parama vItarAgo haiM athavA dhyAnastha jinendrako mUrtikA ekAgracittase dhyAna karanA rUpastha dhyAna hai| rUpAtIta siddhoMke guNoMkA vicAra kare ki siddha, amUrtika, caitanyapuruSAkAra, kRtakRtya, paramazAnta, niSkalaMka, aSTakarma rahita, samyaktvAdi aSTaguNa sahita, nirlepa, nivikAra evaM lokAgrameM virAjamAna haiN| pazcAt apane Apako siddhasvarUpa samajhakara dhyAna kare ki maiM hI paramAtmA hU~, sarvajJa hU~, siddha hU~, kRtakRtya hU~, niraJjana hU~, kamarahita hU~, ziva hU~, isa prakAra apane svarUpameM lona ho jAya / zukla dhyAna manako atyanta nirmalatAke honepara jo ekAgratA hotI hai vaha zukla dhyAna 542 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya paramparA

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hai| zukla dhyAnake cAra bheda hai--1. pRthaktvavitarkavicAra, 2. ekatvavitarkaavicAra, 3. sUkSmakriyApratipAti aura 4. vyuparatakriyAnivati / pRthaktyavitarkavicAra upazamazreNI yA kSapakazreNIkA ArohaNa karanevAlA koI pUrvajJAnadhArI isa dhyAnameM vitarka-zrutajJAnakA bhAlAbana lekara nivina dRSioMne nivaar| pAsA hai aura isameM artha, vyaJjana tathA yogakA saMkramaNa hotA rahatA hai| isa taraha isa dhyAnakA nAma pRthaktvavitarkavicAra hai| isa ghyAna dvArA sAdhaka mukhya rUpase cAritramohanIyakA upazama yA kSapaNa karatA hai| ekasvavitarka-avicAra kSINamohaguNasthAnako prApta hokara zrusake AdhArase kisI eka dravya yA paryAyakA cintana karatA hai aura aisA karate hue vaha jisa dravya, paryAya, zabda yA yogakA abalambana lime rahatA hai, use nahIM badalatA hai, taba yaha dhyAna ekatvavitarka-avivAra kahalAtA hai| isa dhyAna dvArA sAdhaka ghAtikamakI zeSa prakRtiyoMkA kSaya kara kevalajJAna prApta karatA hai | sakSma kriyApratipAti sarvajJadeva yoganirodha karane lie sthUla yogoMkA abhAva kara sUkSmakAyayogako prApta hote haiM, taba sUkSmakriyAapratipAti dhyAna hotA hai / kAyavargaNAke nimittase AtmapradezoMkA atisUkSma parispanda zeSa rahatA hai| ataH ise sUkSmakiyAapratipAti kahate haiM / bhyuparatakriyAniti kAyavargaNAke nimittase honevAle AtmapradezoMkA atisUkSma parispandanake bhI zeSa nahIM rahanepara aura AtmAke sarvathA niSprakampa honepara vyuparatakriyAnivarti dhyAna hotA hai| kisI bhI prakArake yogakA zeSa na rahane ke kAraNa isa dhyAnakA ukta nAma par3A hai| isa dhyAnake hote hI sAttAvedanIyakarmakA Asrava ruka jAtA hai aura anta meM zeSa rahe sabhI karma kSINa ho jAnese mokSa prApta hotA hai / dhyAnameM sthiratA mukhya hai / isa sthiratAke binA dhyAna sambhava nahIM ho paataa| AdhyAtmika utkrAnti Atmika guNoMke vikAsako kramika avasthAoMko guNasthAna kahate haiM / AtmA svabhAvataH jJAna-darzana-sukhamaya hai / isa svarUpako vikRta athavA AvRta karanekA kArya karmoM dvArA hotA hai / karmAvaraNako ghaTA jaise-jaise dhanI hotI jAtI hai, tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 543

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vaise vaise Atmika zaktikA prakAza manda hotA jAtA hai| isake viparIta besejaise karmAvaraNa haTattA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise AtmAko zAkti prAdurbhUta hotI jAtI hai / Atmika utkAntikI yaha prakriyA hI guNasthAna hai / guNasthAnakA zAbdika artha guNoMkA sthAna hai / jIvake karmanimitta sApekSa pariNAma guNa haiM / ina guNoMke kAraNa saMsArI jIva vividha avasthAoMmeM vibhakta hote haiM aura ye vividha avasthAe~ ho guNasthAna haiN| ___ moha aura yoga-moha aura mana, vacana, kAyakI pravRtti ke kAraNa joSake antaraMga-pariNAmomeM pratikSaNa honevAle utAra-car3hAyakA nAma guNasthAna hai / pariNAma ananta hai; para utkRSTa, malina pariNAmoMko lekara utkRSTa vizuddha pariNAmoM taka tathA usake Upara jadhanya bItarAga pariNAmase lekara utkRSTa vItarAga pariNAmasaka ko anantavRddhiyoMke kramako vaktavya banAneke lie caudaha zreNiyoM meM vibhA jita kiyA gayA hai / ye zreNiyoM ho guNasthAna kahalAtI hai(1) mizyAdRSTi mithyAtva, sabhyaGmidhyAtva aura samyaktva prakRti tathA anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina sAta prakRtiyoMke udayase jisakI AtmAmeM atatvazraddhAna hotA hai, vaha mithyAdRSTi hai| mithyAtvaguNasthAnameM jIvako 'sva' aura 'para' kA bhedazAna nahIM rahatA hai| na tattvakA zraddhAna hotA hai aura na Apta, Agama , nimrantha guru para vizvAsa hI / saMkSepameM yaha AtmAkI aisI sthiti hai jahA~ yathArtha vizgasa aura yathArtha bodhake sthAnapara ayathArtha zraddhA aura ayathArtha bodha rahatA hai / AtmotkrAMtiko yaha prAthamika bhUmikA hai| yahIMse AtmA mithyAtvakA kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama kara caturtha guNasthAnapara pahu~catI hai| yaha hai to AtmAke hrAsakI sthiti, para utkrAMti yahIMse Arambha hotI hai| (2) sAsAvana ___ jisa AtmAne mithyAtvakA kSaya nahIM kiyA hai. para mithyAtvako zAnta karake samyaktvakI bhUmikA prApta kI thI, kintu thor3e kAlake pazcAt hI mithyAsvake ubhara Anese AtmA samyaktvase cyuta ho jAtI hai| jaba taka vaha samyakatvase girakara mithyAtvako bhUmipara nahIM pahuMca pAtI, bIcako yaha sthiti hI sAsAdAna guNasthAna hai| isa guNasthAnavartI AtmAkA samyagdarzana anantAnubandhIkA udaya yA jAneke kAraNa asAdana--virApanAse sahita hotA haiN| AtmAkI yaha sthiti atyalpa kAla taka rahatI hai| 544 : dIkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA /

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(3) mizraguNasthAna samyagdarzanake kAlameM yadi samyaGmithyAtvaprakRtikA udaya A jAtA hai to AtmA caturtha gaNasthAnase cyuta ho tRtIya guNasthAnameM AjAtI hai / jisaprakAra mile hae dahI aura guDakA svAda mizrita hotA hai usI prakAra isa gaNasthAnavartI jovake pariNAma bhI samyaktva aura mithyAtvase mithita rahate haiM. anAdi mithyAdRSTi caturtha guNasthAnase patita ho tRtIya guNasthAnameM AtA hai parantu sAvi midhyAdRSTi jIca' prathama guNasthAnase bhI tRtIya sthAnako prApta karatA hai / yaha guNasthAna mithyAtvase UMcA hai para mizrapariNAmoMke kAraNa yathArtha pratIti nahIM rahatI hai / (4) aviratasamyagdRSTiguNasthAna anAdimithyAdRSTi jIvake mithyAtva aura anantAnubandhIcatuSTaya ina pA~ca prakRtiyoMke aura sAdimithyAdRSTi jIvake darzanamohanIyakI tIna aura anantAnubandhIcatuSka ina sAta prakRtiyoMke upazamAdi honepara tattvazraddhAna utpanna hotA hai| para apratyAkhyAnAvaraNAdi kaSAyoMkA udaya rahanese saMyamabhAva jAgata nahIM hote, ataH yaha asaMyata yA avirasasamyagdRSTiguNasthAna kahalAtA hai| aviratasamyagdaSTi jIva zraddhAnake saddhAyake kAraNa saMyamakA AcaraNa nahIM karanepara bho Atma-anAtmake vivekase sampanna rahatA hai / bhoga bhogate hue bhI unameM lipta nahIM rhtaa| vaha apane vicAroMpara pUrNa niyantraNa rakhatA hai| AtaM jIvoMkI pIr3A dekhakara usake hRdayameM . karuNAkA nirmala srota pravAhita hone lagatA hai| usakA lakSya aura bodha zurU ho jAtA hai aura vaha saMyamake pathapara calaneke lie utkaNThita rahatA hai| (5) saMyatAsaMyatagunasyAna apratyAkhyAnAvaraNakaSAyakA kSayopazama honepara jisake ekadeza cAritra prakaTa ho jAtA hai use saMyatAsaMyata guNaspAna kahate haiN| asahiMsAse virata rahaneke kAraNa yaha saMyata aura sthAvarahiMsAse avirata rahaneke kAraNa asaMyata kahalAtA hai| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNakaSAyake kSayopazama aura pratyAkhyAnAvaraNakaSAyake udayameM tAratamya honese dArzanika Adi avAntara gyAraha bheda hote haiM / isa guNasthAnase AtmAko yathArtha utkrAMti Arambha hotI hai| caturthagaNasthAnameM zraddhA aura viveka upalabdha hote haiM aura isa paJcama guNasthAnase pAritrika vikAsa Arambha hotA hai / sIkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 545.

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(6) pramattasaMyataguNasthAna ___ AtmAko apanI honatApara vijaya pAnekA vizvAsa ho jAtA hai to vaha apanI apUrNatAoMko samAptakara mahAvratI bana jAtA hai aura nagna mudrAko dhAraNa kara letA hai| pratyAkhyAnAvaraNakaSAyakA kSayopazama aura saMjvalanakA tIvra udaya rahanepara pramAda sahita saMyamakA honA pramattasaMyataguNasthAna hai| hiMsAdi pApoMkA sarvadeza tyAga karanepara bhI saMjvalanacatuSkake sIna udayase cAra vikathA, cAra kaSAya, pA~ca indriya, nidrA aura sneha ina pandraha pramAdoMke kAraNa AcaraNa kiJcit dUSita banA rahatA hai / (7) apramasasaMyatagumasthAna - AtmArthI sAdhakakI paramapavitra bhAvanAke balapara kabhI-kabhI aisI sthiti prAsa hotI hai ki antaHkaraNameM uThanevAle vicAra nitAnta zuddha aura ujjvala ho jAte haiM aura pramAda naSTa ho jAtA hai / saMjvalana kaSAyakA tIna udaya rahanese sAdhaka AtmacintanameM sAvadhAna rahatA hai / isa guNasthAnake do bheda hai :svasthAnApramatta aura sAtizaya apramatta / svasthAnApramata sApha ho guNaramA se sAtaveM meM aura sAtaveMse chaThe guNasthAnameM car3hatA uttaratA rahatA hai| para jaba bhAvoMkA rUpa atyanta zuddha ho jAtA hai to sAdhaka sAtizaya apramatta hokara askhalitagatise utkrAMti karatA hai| sAtizaya apramattake adhaHkaraNa Adi vizuddha pariNAma utpanna hote haiN| jisameM samasamaya athavA minnasamayavartI jIvoMke pariNAma sadRza tathA visadRza donoM hI prakArake hote haiM vaha adhaHkaraNa hai| (8) apUrvakaraNaguNasthAna karaNakA artha adhyavasAya, pariNAma yA vicAra hai / abhUtapUrva adhyavasAyoM yA pariNAmoMkA utpanna honA apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna hai| isa gaNasthAnameM cAritra mohanIyakarmakA viziSTa kSaya yA upazapa karanese sAdhakako viziSTa bhAvotkarSa prApta hotA hai / (9) anivRttikaraNagumasthAna isa guNasthAnameM bhAvotkarSako nirmala vicAradhArA aura tIna ho jAtI hai| phalataH samasamayavartI jIvoMke pariNAma sadRza aura bhinnasamayavartI jIvoMke pariNAma visadRza ho hote haiM / isa guNasthAnameM saMjvalanacatuSkake udayakI mandasAke kAraNa nirmala huI pariNatise krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM vedakA samala nAza ho jAtA hai| (10) samasAmparAyaguNasthAna mohanIyakarmakA kSapa yA upazama karake AtmArthI sAdhaka jaba samasta 546 : toyaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAcArya-paramparA

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kaSAyako naSTa kara detA hai / sUkSma lobhakA udaya hI zeSa raha jAtA hai, to AtmAko isa utkarSa sthitikA nAma sUkSmasAmparAyaguNasthAna hai| aSTama guNasthAnase zreNI ArohaNa prArambha hotA hai| zreNiyA~ do prakArako hai:-(1) upazamazreNI aura (2) ksspkshrennii| jo cAritramohakA upazama karaneke liye prayatnazIla haiM ve upazamazreNIkA ArohaNa karate haiM aura jo cArizagohA kSaya roga ihai ye daarnniikaa| kSAyika samyagdRSTi kSapakazreNI aura aupazarmika evaM kSAyika donoM hI samyagdaSTi kSapakazreNIpara ArohaNa kara sakate haiN| (11) upazAmtamohaguNasthAna upazamazreNIkI sthitimeM dazama guNasthAnameM cAritramohakA pUrNa upazama karanese upazAntamohaguNa sthAna hotA hai / moha pUrNa zAnta ho jAtA hai para antarmuhartake pazcAt mohodaya AjAnese niyamataH isa guNa sthAnase pasana hotA hai| (12) socamoha mohakarmakA kSaya saMpAdita karate hue dazama guNasthAnameM avaziSTa lobhAMzakA bhI kSaya honese sphaTikamaNike pAtra meM rakhe hue jalake svaccha rUpake samAna pariNAmoMko nimalatA kSoNa moguNasthAna hai| samasta karmoMmeM mohakI pradhAnatA hai aura yahI samasta karmoM kA Azraya hai, ataH kSINamohaguNasthAnameM mohake sarvathA kSINa ho jAnese nirmala AtmapariNati ho jAtI hai| (13) sayogakecalIguNasthAna ___ zuklaSyAnake dvitIyapAdake prabhAvase zAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAyake kSayase kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai aura AtmA sarvajJa-sarvadarzI bana jAtI hai| kevalajJAnake sAtha yogapravRtti rahanese yaha sayogakevalo guNasthAna kahalAtA hai| (14) ayogakevalI yogapravRttike avaruddha ho jAnese ayogakevalIguNasthAna hotA hai| isa guNasthAnakA kAla a, i, u, R, la ina pAMca laghu akSaroMke uccAraNa kAla tulya hai / vyuparatakriyAniti zukladhyAnake prabhAvase sattAmeM sthita pacAsI prakRtiyoMkA kSaya bhI isI gaNasthAnameM hotA hai| niSkarSa-mAnavajIvanake utyAnake hetu dharma aura AcAra anivArya tatva haiM / AcAra aura vicAra parasparameM sambaddha haiN| vicAroM tathA AdazoM kA vyakahArika rUpa AcAra hai / AcArakI AdhArazilA naitikatA hai ! vaiyaktika aura dIkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 540

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sAmAjika jIvanameM dharmakI pratiSThA bhI naitikatA ke AdhArapara hotI hai / dharma aura bAcAra bhautika aura zArIrika mUlyoM taka hI sImita nahIM haiM, apitu inakA kSetra AdhyAtmika aura mAnasika mUlya bhI hai| ye donoM hI AdhyAtmika anubhUti utpanna karate haiN| AcAra vahI grAhya hai, jo dharmamUlaka hai tathA AdhyATimakatAkA vikAsa karatA hai / darzanakA sambandha vicAra, tarka athavA hetuyAdake sAtha hai| jabaki dharmakA sambandha AcAra aura vyavahArake sAtha hai / dharma zraddhApara avalambita hai aura darzana hetuvAdapara / zraddhAzIla vyakti AcAra aura dharmakA anuSThAna karatA huA vivArako utkRSTa banAtA hai / ataeva AtmavikAsakI dRSTise dharma aura AcArakA adhyayana paramAvazyaka hai / 548 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bhAvArya paramparA

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ekAdaza pariccheda samAja vyavasthA laukika jIvanako unnati aura samRddhike lie samAjakA viziSTa mahasva hai / vyakti samAjakI ikAI avazya hai, para vaha samAja yA saMghake binA raha nahIM sakatA hai / yataH vyakti ke jIvanakI agaNita samasyAe~ samAjake dvArA hI sahI rUpameM sulajhatI haiM aura sAmAjika jIvana meM hI usakI niSThA vRddhigata hotI hai / jIvana meM jaba sAmAjikatAkA vikAsa hotA hai, so nijI svArtha aura vyaktigata hitoMkA balidAna karanA par3atA hai / apane hita, apane svArtha aura apane sukha se Upara samAja ke svArtha evaM sAmUhika hitako pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai| mAnava ekadUsareke hitoM ko samajhakara apane vyavahArapara niyantraNa rakhatA hai / paraspara ekadUsare ke kAryoM meM sahayogI bana, anyake duHkha aura pIr3AoMmeM yathocita sAhasa - dhairyaM ba~dhAkara unameM bhAga lenese sAmAjika jIvanakI prathama bhUmikAkA nirvAha kiyA jAtA hai| jIvanameM jana antardvandva upasthita ho jAte haiM aura vyakti akelA unakA samAdhAna nahIM kara pAtA, to usa sthitimeM * 549 -

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dUsarA sAthI jo antardvannoMko saleha lagogI ba dakhalAtA hai aura parAbhava ke kSaNoM meM use vijayamArgakI ora le jAtA hai| ataeva vaiyaktika jIvanako sukhI, zAnta aura samRddha banAneke lie samAjakI AvazyakatA rahatI hai / vyakti samAjake sahayogake binA eka kadama bhI Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA hai / samAja : myutpatti evaM arthavistAra samASazabda sam + a + pase niSpanna hai| aj dhAtu bhvAdigaNI hai aura isakA artha gati aura kSepaNa hai | curAdigaNI mAnane para 'dIpti' artha hai| para yahA~ "saMvIyate'treti" arthAt ekatrIkaraNa abhipreta hai / amarakoSake anusAra "pazubhinnAnAM saMghaH' pazu-pakSIse bhinna mAnavoMkA samudAya yA saMgha samAja hai| samAjazabda vyApaka hai| eka prakArake vyaktiyoMke vizvAsa evaM svIkRtiyA~ samAjameM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| samAja sambandhoMkA eka nizcita rUpa hai| mAnavajIvana sRSTikA sabase bajhA vikasita rUpa hai| karttavyakarmokA nirvAha jIvanake vikAsakA sarvottama rUpa hai | samAjakA gaThana jIvanta mAnavake anurUpa hotA hai| samAjake lie kucha mAnya niyama yA svayaM siddhiyAM hotI haiM, jinakA pAlana usa samudAyavizeSake vyaktiyoM ko karanA par3atA hai / jisa samudAyameM eka-sA dharma, saMskRti, sabhyatA, paramparA, rIti-rivAja samAna gharAtalapara vikasita aura vRddhiMgata hote haiM, vaha samudAya eka samAjakA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / vizvabandhutvakI bhAvanA jitanI adhika bar3hatI jAtI hai, samAjakA kSetra bhI utanA hI adhika vistRta hotA jAtA hai| bhAvanAtmaka ekatA ho samAja-vistArakA ghaTaka hai| manuSyatAkA vikAsa kSudrase virATkI ora hotA hai| sukha-duHkhako dhAraNAoMko samatva rUpa meM jitanA adhika bar3hanekA avasara milatA hai, samAjakI paridhi utanI hI bar3hatI jAtI hai| ataH samAjakA vikAsa pratidina hotA jA vyaktikendrita cetanA jaba samaSTikI ora mur3a jAtI hai, kartavya aura uttaradAyitvakA saMkalpa jAgRta ho jAtA hai, pArasparika sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhUtikI saMvedanazIlatA bar3hatI jAtI hai, to sAmAjikatAkA vikAsa hotA jAtA hai| cintana, manana aura anubhavase yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki manuSya apane piNDakI kSudra ikAImeM baddha rahakara acche joneke daMgase jI nahIM sakatA; apanA paryApta bhausika aura bauddhika vikAsa nahIM kara sktaa| jIvanakI sukha-samRddhikA dvAra nahIM khola sakatA aura na adhyAtmako zreSTha bhUmikA taka pahuMca sakatA hai| akelA rahane meM manuSyakA daihika vikAsa bhI samyaktayA nahIM ho pAtA / ataeva 550 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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vyaktiko sAmAjika jIvana yApana karanekI parama AvazyakatA rahatI hai| samAja eka vyaktike vyavahAra para nirbhara nahIM rahatA, kintu bahusaMkhyaka manuSyoMke vyavahAroMke pUrNa citrake AdhAra para hI usakA gaThana hotA hai / dUsare zabdoMmeM yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki samAja manuSyoMkI sAmudAyika kriyAoM, sAmUhika hitoM, AdarzoM evaM eka hI prakArako AcAraprathAoMpara avalambita hai| aneka vyakti jaba eka hI prakArako janarItiyoM ( Folk ways ) aura rUr3hiyoM ( Mores) ke anusAra apanI pravRtti karane lagate haiM, to vibhinna prakArake sAmAjika saMgaThana janma hama karate haiN| manoka sammArika saMsthA samUhakA eka DhA~cA ( structure ) hotA hai, jisameM kartavyAkartavyoM, utsavoM, saMskAroM evaM sAmAjika sambandhoMkA samAveza rahatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki adhika samaya taka eka hI rUpameM katipaya manuSyoMke vyavahAra aura vizvAsokA pracalana sAmAjika saMsthAoM yA samUhoMko utpanna karatA hai / samAjako utpatti ke kAraNa samAjako utpatti vyaktikI sukha-suvidhAoke hetu hoto hai / jaba vyaktike jIvanakI pratyeka dizAmeM azAntikA bhISaNa tANDava bar3ha jAtA hai / bhojana, vastra aura AvAsako samasyAeM vikaTa ho jAtI hai| bhautika AvazyakatAe~ itanI adhika bar3ha jAtI hai, jinakI pUrti vyakti akelA rahakara nahIM kara sktaa| usa samaya yaha sAmAjika saMgaThana Arambha karatA hai / asantoSa aura adhikAralipsA vaiyaktika jIvanako azAntike pramukha kAraNa haiN| bhoga aura lobhakI kAmanA vizvake samasta padArthoko jIvanayajJake lie viSa banAtI hai| tathA prabhutAkI pipAsA vivekako tilAMjali dekara kAmanAoMko aura adhika vRddhi karatI hai| 'ahaM' bhAvanA vyaktimeM itanI adhika samAviSTa hai, jisase vaha anyake adhikAroMkI pUrNa avahelanA karatA hai| ahaMvAdI honeke kAraNa usakI dRSTi apane adhikAroM evaM dUsaroM ke kartavyoM taka hI sImita rahatI hai| phalata: vyaktiko apane ahaMkArako tuSTi ke lie samAjakA Azraya lenA par3atA hai| yahI pravRtti samAjake ghaTaka parivArako janma detI hai| bhogabhike prArambhameM hI yugalarUpameM manuSya janma grahaNa karatA thaa| isI yaugalika paramparAse parivArakA vikAsa huA hai| manuSya akelA nahIM hai, vaha svayaM puruSa hai aura eka strI bhI usake sAtha hai| ve donoM sAtha ghUmate hai aura sAtha sAtha rahate haiN| una donokA kevala dehika sambandha hai, pati-patlIke. rUpameM pavitra pArivArika saMbaMSakA parisphuraNa nahIM hai| ve sAthI to avazya dIyaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 551

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haiM para sukha-duHkhameM bhAgIdAra nhiiN| unheM ekadUsareke hitoM kI cintA nahIM thI / jaba puruSako bhUkha lagatI thI, to vaha idhara udhara calA jAtA thA aura tatkAlona kalpavRkSo se apanI kSuSAko zAnta kara letA thA / nArIko jaba bhUkha satAtI, to vaha bhI nikala par3atI aura puruSake hI samAna kalpavRkSo' dvArA apanI kSuSAko zanta kara letI / na to puruSako bhojanAdike lie arthavyavasthA hI karanI par3atI thI aura na nArIko puruSake lie bhojanAdi hI sampanna karane par3ate the| pipAsA zAnta karane ke lie bhI kUpa, sarovara Adike prabandhakI ArazyakatA nahIM thii| jaisakA bhI zamana prakRtipradatta kalpavRkSoM dvArA ho jAtA thA / isa prakAra lAkhoM varSoM taka nara aura nArI sAtha-sAtha rahakara bhI pRthak pRthak rahe, ve ekadasareke sukha-duHsameM bhAgIdAra nahIM bana sake aura na unameM pArasparika samarpaNako kalpanA hI A skii| ve eka dUsarekI samasyA bhI rasa nahIM lete the| __ jaba karmabhUmikA prArambha huA, to parivAra-saMsthA prAdurbhUta huI / nara nArI paraspara sahayogake binA raha nahIM sakate the| unakI zArIrika AvazyakatAeM bhI prakRtidvArA sampanna nahIM hotI thii| puruSako arjinake lie prayAsa karanA par3atA aura nArIko bhojanAdi sAmagniyAM taiyAra karanI pdd'tiiN| aba ve pUrNatayA pati-patnI the, unameM samarpaNako bhAvanA thI aura ve eka dUsareke prati uttaradAyI the| isa prakAra parivAra saMsthAko utpatti huii| vastutaH saMskRti aura sAmAjikatAkA vikAsa parivArase hI hotA hai / samAjaghaTaka parivAra samAjakA AdhArabhUta parivAra hai| caturviSa saMghameM zrAvaka aura zrAvikA saMghako avasthiti parivAra para hI avalambita hai| yaha kAmakI svAbhAvika vRttiko lakSyameM rakhakara yaunasambandha evaM santAnotpattikI kriyAoMko niyantrita karatA hai / bhAvanAtmaka ghaniSThatAkA vAtAvaraNa taiyAra kara bAlakoMke samucita poSaNa aura vikAsake lie Avazyaka pRSThabhUmikA nirmANa karatA hai / isaprakAra vyaktike sAmAjIkaraNa aura sAMskRtikaraNako prakriyAmeM parivArakA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahatA hai / parivArake nimni likhipta kArya haiM 1. strI-puruSa'ke yaunasaMbaMdhako vihita aura niyantrita karanA / 2. vaMzavardhanake hetu santAnakI utpatti, saMrakSaNa aura pAlana karanA, mAnavajAtike kramako Age bddh'aanaa| 3. gRha aura gArhasthyameM strI-suruSakA sahavAsa aura niyojana / 552 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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4. jIvanako sahayoga aura sahakAritAke AdhAra para sukhI evaM samRddha bnaanaa| 5. vyAvasAyika jJAna, audyogika kozalake hastAntaraNakA niyamana evaM vRddha, asahAya aura baccoMko rakSAkA prabandhasampAdana | 6. mAnasika vikAsa, saMketa (Suggestion) anukaraNa (Imiralton) evaM sahAnubhUti (Sympathy) dvArA baccoMke mAnasika vikAsakA vAtAvaraNa vastuta krnaa| 7. bhogecchAoMko niyantrita karate hue saMyamita aura AdhyAtmika joyanakI unnati krnaa| 8. jAtIya jIvanake sAtatyako dRr3a rakhate hue dharmakArya sampanna karanA / 9. prema, sevA, sahayoga, sahiSNutA, zikSA, anuzAsana Adi mAnavake mahattvapUrNa nAgarika evaM sAmAjika guNoMkA vikAsa krnaa| 17. Arthika sthAyitvake hetu ucita AyakA sampAdana krnaa| 11. vikAsa aura dRr3hatAke lie Amoda-pramoda evaM manoraMjanase sambaddha kAryoMkA prabandha karanA / 12 ani saMsthAkI sudaratAke lie vaiyAvRttikA sampAdana karanA / 13. pArivArika bandhanoMko svAkAra krnaa| 14. pArivArika dAyitva-nirvAhoMke sAtha AcAra aura dharmakA yathAvat pAlana krnaa| 15. adhikAroM aura kartavyoMmeM santulana sthApita karanA / vastutaH parivAra-gaThanakA AdhAra mAtR sneha, pitR-prema, dAmpatya-Asakti, apatya-prIti, atithi satkAra, sevA-vaiyAvRtti aura sahakAritA hai| ina AdhAroM para hI parivArakA prAsAda nirmita hai| yadi ye AdhAra kamajora yA kSINa ho jAye, to parivAra-saMsthAkA vighaTana hone lagatA hai| yoM to parivArake uddezyoM meM strI-puruSake yaunasambandhakI pramukhatA hai, para viSayabhogoMkA sevana kaTu auSadhake samAna alparUpa meM hI karanA hitakara hai| manohara viSayoMkA sevana karanese tRSNAko jAgRtti hotI hai aura yaha tRSNArUpI jvAlA ahaniza vRddhiMgata hotI jAtI hai| ataeva viSayamogoMkA sevana bahuta hI saumita aura niyaMtrita rUpameM karanA caahie| jisa prakAra adhika miThAI khAnese svastha rahaneko apekSA manuSya bImAra par3a jAtA hai / usI prakAra jo adhika kAmabhogoMkA sevana karatA hai, vaha bhI mAnasika aura zArIrika rogoMse AkrAnta ho jAtA hai| vAsanAkI zAntike lie sImita rUpameM hI viSayoMkA sevana parivAra ke lie hitakara hosA tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 553

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hai / jJAna, zAnti, sukha aura santoSake hetu saMyamakA pAlana parivArameM bhI Ava. zyaka hai| vahI parivAra sukhI raha sakatA hai, jisa parivArake sadasyoMne apanI AzAoM aura tRSNAoMko niyaMtrita kara liyA hai| ye AzAe~ viSayasAmagroke dvArA kabhI zAna nahIM hotI haiN| jisa prakAra jalatI haI agnimeM jitanA adhika ISana DAlate jAyeM, agni uttarottara bar3hatA hI jaaygii| yahI sthiti viSayabhogoMko abhilASAko hai| samasyAe~ paristhiti, kAla evaM vAtAvaraNake anusAra utpanna hotI haiM aura ina samasyAoM ke samAdhAna yA nirAkaraNa bhI prApta kiye jA sakate haiM, para icchAoMkI utpatti to amaryAdita rUpameM hotI hai / phalata: una icchAoMko bhoga dvArA to kabhI bhI pUrNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, para saMyama yA niyaMtraNa dvArA unheM sImita kiyA jA sakatA hai| parivArake kartavya dayA, dAna aura damana-indriyasaMyamako triveNI rUpa meM svIkRta haiM / yahI saMskRtikA sthUla rUpa hai / pratyeka prANIke prati dayA karanA, zakti anusAra dAna denA evaM yathAsAmarthya niyaMtrita bhogoMkA bhoga karanA parivArakI Adarza maryAdAmeM sammilita haiN| krUratAse manuSya sukha nahIM prApta kara sakatA aura na saMgrahavRttike dvArA use zAnti hI mila sakato hai / bhogameM manuSyako caina nhiiN| ataH damana yA saMyamakI AvazyakatA hai| parivArako sukha-zAntike lie bhoga aura tyAga doMnoko AvazyakatA hai / zarIrake lie bhoga apekSita haiM to AtmakalyANake lie tyAga | bhoga aura yogakA saMtulana ho svastha parivArakA gharAtala hai| parivArako sUkho karane ke lie dayA, mamatA, dAna aura saMyama parama Avazyaka haiN| parivArako sugaThita karanevAle sAta guNa haiM :-2, prema, 2. pArasparika vizvAsa, 3. sevAmAvanA, 4. zrama, 5. kartavyaniSThA, 7. sahiSNutA, 7. aura anuzAsanapravRtti / prema prema samAjakA mAnavoya tatva hai| isake dvArA jIvana-mandirakA nirmANa hotA hai| premake dvArA hama AdhyAtmika vAstavikatAkA sRjana karate haiM aura vyaktiyoMke rUpameM apano bhavitavyatAkA vikAsa karate haiM / zArIrika Anandake sAtha manako prasannatA aura Atmika AnandakA sRjana bhI premase hI hotA hai| prema AtmAkI pukAra hai| premameM AtmasamarpaNakA bhAva rahatA hai aura vaha pratidAnameM kucha nahIM caahtaa| isameM kisI bhI prakArakA durAva yA pratibandha nahIM rhtaa| yaha bhArI kAmako halkA kara detA hai| premavaza vyakti baDe-bar3e bojhako binA bhArakA anubhava kiye DhotA hai aura zrama yA thakAvaTakA anubhava nahIM karatA hai| 554 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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prema Atmarako gaharAiyoMmeM vidyamAna rahatA hai / yaha aisA ratna-dIpaka hai jo paristhitiyoMke jhaMjhAvAtoMse bujhasA nahIM aura na svArthapUrNa pravRttiyoMke prabhAva hI isapara par3ate haiM / yaha aisI zakti hai jo pRthvIko svarga banAtI hai / zarIrake sAtha mana aura AtmAko sabala karatI hai / prema pavitratama sambandha hai aura hai jIvanako amUlya nidhi / __ parivArake samasta guNoMkA vikAsa premake dvArA hI hotA hai / samasta sadasyoMko ekatAke sUtra meM vahI Abaddha karatA hai| saccA prema AtmA aura zarIrakA milana hai / patnI nisvArtha bhAvase patiko prema karatI hai aura pati patnIko / premameM kucha pAneko bhAvanA nahIM rahatI / yahI eka aisA guNa hai, jo sahasra prakArake kaSToMko sahana karane ke lie vyaktiko prerita karatA hai / do vyaktiyoMke bIcake aikAntika sambandhako prema sthAyitva pradAna karatA hai| ataH vivAhakA uddezya premake dvArA sthAyitva aura pUrNatAko prApta hotA hai / vivAhita jIvanakA lakSya prAkRtika bAsanAko pUrNa karanA honahA hai, apitu AtmAke lie tyAgakA mArga prastuta karanA hai| premakI bhAvanAke kAraNa manuSyakA utsuka citta naye utsAhake sAtha anubhavoMko grahaNa karatA hai| sabhI indriyAM tIvratara Anandase pulakita ho jAtI haiM / mAnoM kisI adRzya AtmAne saMsArake saba' raMgoMko nayA kara diyA ho aura pratyeka jIvita vastu meM navajIvana bhara diyA ho| prema hI pazu aura manuSyake bhedako sthApita karatA hai| yahI jovanameM cArutA, sandaratA aura lAlityako utpanna karatA hai / eka mAnavakA dUsare mAnavake prati premase bar3hakara AnandakA anya koI sunizcita aura saccA sAdhana nahIM hai| prema hI TUTane hue hRdayoMko jor3atA hai aura utpanna hue tanAvoMko kama karatA hai| mAnavIya guNoMkA vikAsa prema dvArA hI hotA hai| ataevaM parivArako Adarza, pratiSThita aura samAjopayogI banAneke lie nisvArtha premakI AvazyakatA hai| yaha jisa prakAra eka parivArake sadasyoMmeM ekatA utpanna karatA hai usI prakAra samAjake ghaTaka vibhinna parivAroM meM bhI ekatvakI sthApanA karatA hai| parivArake sadasya sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM, bhojana-pAna karate haiM, manoraJjana karate haiM aura apaneapane kAryoMkA sucAru rUpase saMcAlana karate haiM, ina samasta kAryoM ke mUlameM prema hI bandhanasUtra hai| pArasparika vizvAsa parivArake prati mamatA, sneha, bhakti aura dAyitvakA vikAsa pArasparika vizvAsa dvArA hI hotA hai / yadi parivArake sabhI sadasya parasparameM AzaMkita aura bhayabhIta raheM, to yoga-kSemakA nirbAha saMbhava nhiiN| kartavyakI preraNAkA toyakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 555

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jAgaraNa bhI AtmavizvAsase hotA hai / AtmasvArthase kiyA gayA kArya abhyudayakA sAdhaka nahIM ho sktaa| vastutaH pati-patnI, pitA-putrakA nikaTatama sUtra vizvAsake dhAgoMse jur3A huA hai / jaba parivArake bIca saMzaya utpanna ho jAtA hai, manameM avizvAsa jaga jAtA hai to ve eka dUsareko jAnake grAhaka bana jAte haiM / yadi sAthameM rahate bhI haiM, to zatrutulya | ghara, parivAra, samAja rASTrakA harAbharA upavana avizvAsake kAraNa dhUlisAta ho jAtA hai| AvazvAsakA vAtAvaraNa pArivArika jIvanako dizAhIna aura gatihIna banA detA hai| jIvana asta-vyasta-sA ho jAtA hai| jaba taka parivAra aura samAja meM avizvAsa yA saMzayakA bhAva banA rahegA, taba taka inakI pragati nahIM ho sakatI hai| jIvana, bhaviSya, parivAra evaM samAjake yathArtha vikAsa pArasparika vizvAsa dvArA ho saMbhava haiN| mAnava-jIvana kITa-pataMgake samAna avizvAsako bhUmipara reMganeke lie nahIM hai / ataH AsthAke ananta gaganameM vicaraNa karanekA prayAsa karanA caahie| / parivArako patavArakA AdhAra samasta sadasyoMkA pArasparika vizvAsa hI hai| udAratAke abhAva meM saMphorNatA janma letI hai aura isIse avizvAsa utpanna hotA hai| parivArako Arthika sudRr3hatA, dhArmika kriyAkalApa aura sAmAjika cetanA AsthA evaM vizvAsase hI sambaddha haiM / jIvanako uSAmeM manovinodake raMga, utsadoMke vilAsa aura lAlityakI kaliyA~ vizvAsake balapara khilatI haiN| vizvAsakI bhAvanA do bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita hai-(1) Aramastha aura (2) parastha / Atmastha bhAvanAmeM AtmAbhivyaktikA prabala vega hai| vaha bhAvanA abhilASAoM aura icchAoMma umar3akara gantavya dizAmeM apane Adarzako pUrti kara letI hai / bhAvanAkA yaha pravAha udAratA utpanna karatA hai tathA AsthAvaza svakathana yA svavyavahArako sabala banAtA hai| parasya bhAvanA adhika sAmAjika hai, yaha vizvAsakI devI sampatti hai aura kAryakAraNakI zRMkhalAse nibaddha rahatI hai| parivAra yA samAjako nIca parastha vizvAsabhAvanApara hI avalambita hai| samAja aura parivArakI vividha paristhitiyoMmeM pArasparika vizvAsa cintana aura vyavahArako pariSkRta karatA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa samAja evaM parigArameM kalyANakA sRjana hotA hai| sevA-bhAvanA sevAzabda /seva - sevane + TApase niSpanna hai| duHkho, rogo, vRddha, azakta evaM guNiyoMko sAntvanA denA, zarIra, vacana aura manase paricaryA karanA tathA unake prati AdarabhAva rakhanA sevA hai / sevAbhAvase hI vyaktikA vyAvahArika 556 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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jIvana zreSTha ho sakatA hai tathA parivAra aura samAjameM vAtsalyako sthAyitva prApta ho sakatA hai| ekatA aura zAntikA vikAsa bhI sevAbhAvanAdvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki guNagrAhI honA saMsAra meM kaThina hai| guNagrAhitA hI sevAbhAvanAko utpanna karatI hai| dekhA jAtA hai ki guNIjana eka-dusarese ApasameM ho dveSa karate haiM, phalasvarUpa kaSAyabhAva utpanna hote haiN| __ dIna-duHkhiyoMkI sevA karanA, kisIse ghRNA na karanA, paraspara upakArako bhAvanA rakhanA hI mAnavatA hai aura isIse parivAra evaM samAjakI sthiti sudar3ha hotI hai / ahiMsaka bhAvanA hI sevAbhAva hai, ise kisI pAThazAlAmeM sIkhA nahIM jAtA hai, yaha to pratyeka AtmAmeM vartA hai| samasta saphalatAoMke mUlameM sevA ho kAryakArI hai| isake sparzase nirjIva koyalA agnikA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai aura avaruddha jala vegavAna nirjhara bana jAtA hai / sAdhAraNa-se-sAdhAraNa pratibhA sevAbhAvanAke balase sakriyatA prApta kara letI hai / sevAvRtti kadAcit kisI manda vyaktiko bhI prApta ho jAya, to usako bhI suSupta zakti jAgata ho uThatI hai aura vaha agnipuMja bana jAtA hai / sevAkI upalabdhi eka sadguNake rUpa meM hotI hai / sevA yA vaiyAvRtti saphalatAkA AdhArabhUta upAdAna hai, yaha karmake sabhI rUpoM meM maulikatattva hai| sevA aura sahayogake binA parivAra aura samAjako kalpanA hI saMbhava nahIM hai| __ "vyApte yarikrayate tadvayAvRttyam"-rogAdise vyAkula sAdhuke viSayameM jo kucha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha veyAvRtya hai| yaha tapa hai, yataH sevA yA vaiyAvRtti sAdhAraNa bAta nahIM hai / isake lie ahaMkArakA tyAga, niHsvArtha prema, dayA aura karuNA vRttikA sadbhAva Avazyaka hai / sone-baiThane ke lie sthAna denA, upakaraNa zodhana karanA, nirdoSa AhAra-auSadha denA, vyAkhyAna karanA, azakta muni, sAmAjika yA pArivArika sadasyakA mala-mUtra uThAnA, usako rogIkI sthitimeM sevA karanA, hAtha-paira-sira dabAnA evaM vipattimeM par3e huoMkA uddhAra karanA Adi yAvRtti-sevAmeM parigaNita hai| sevA yA vaiyAvRttike samaya pariNAmoMko kaluSita na hone denA, svArthabhAva yA pratyupakAravRddhikA syAga karanA, pariNAmoMmeM komalatA aura ArdratA rakhanA tathA sevA karate hue prasannatAkA anubhava karanA Avazyaka hai / niHsvArthabhAvase kI gayI sevA AtmazuddhikA kAraNa banatI hai| yaha vAsanAoMke klezase tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 555

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chuTakArA dilAtI hai / antaH zodhana ke lie bhI yaha Avazyaka hai / parivAra aura samAjakA kArya sevAbhAvake abhAvameM nahIM cala sakatA hai / lUTamAra, dhokhAdhar3I, beImAnI, ghUsakhoro, chInA-jhapaTI sevAbhAvake abhAvameM svArthavRttise utpanna hotI haiN| __ sevA karanese vyakti nIca yA choTA nahIM banatA; usakI Atmazakti prabala ho jAtI hai aura vaha apanI asaphalatAoM, burAiyoM evaM kamajoriyoM para vijaya prApta karatA hai| sevanIyase sevakako bhAvabhUmi unnata mAnI jAtI hai| jIvanake pratyeka vibhAgameM sevAbhAvako AvazyakatA hai| sevA yA sahayogase jIvanameM sAmarthya, kSamatA aura pragatikA sadbhAva AtA hai| yaha sabase malyavAn vastU hai| isake dvArA vyakti jAgarUka, karmarata evaM ahiMsaka banatA hai| parivArake madhya sampanna honevAle agaNita kArya isIke dvArA sampanna hote haiN| pattavyaniSThA parivAra aura samAjakA vikAsa kartavyaniSThA dvArA hotA hai / jIvanakA eka kSaNa yA eka pala bhI karttavyarahita nahIM honA caahie| jAgaraNa aura zayanameM bhI katrtavyaniSThAkA bhAva samAhita rahatA hai| yahAM apramAda yA sAvapAnI ho kartavyaniSThA hai / mAnava jabase jovanayAtrA Arambha karatA hai, tabhIse usameM kartavyabhAvanA samAhita ho jAtI hai / kartavya prAptakAryoM ko zraddhA aura satarkatApUrvaka karaneko kriyA hai / yaha aisI zakti hai, jo pratyeka kArya meM hamAre sAtha hai, ise sahavyApinI kahA jA sakatA hai / karaNIya kAryako ImAnadAro, bhakti, niSThA, aucitya aura niyamita rUpameM pUrNa karanA kartavyaniSThA hai| jinakA jIvanakrama vyavasthita hotA hai, ve hI apane kartavyako niSThAke sAtha sampAdita karate haiM / kartavyaniSThA mAnavakA anivArya guNa hai| vastutaH mAnavatA aura kartavyaparAyaNatA eka dUsareke pUraka haiN| mAnavameM buddhitattvakI pradhAnatA hai aura vaha usakA prayoga karake yaha samajhAnekI zakti rakhatA hai ki use kartavya karanA hai, yaha bhAva anya prANiyoMmeM nahIM pAyA jaataa| ata; jIvana meM saphalatA prApta karanekA sAdhana kartavyaniSThA hai / yaha eka aisA guNa hai jisako sampUrti ho vAstavika Ananda aura saphalatA hai / kartavyaniSThA ke bAdhakatattva nimnalikhita haiM 1. kArya ke prati rucikA abhAva / 2. svArthavRtti-svArthavaza manuSya kartavyakA nirvAha nahIM kara paataa| 3. pramAda yA shithiltaa| 558 : tIrSakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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4. jIvanake prati niraashaa| 5. zramake prati anAsthA / vyavasthA aura anuzAsanake yogakA nAma kartavyaniSThA hai| vyavasthAkI sahAyatAse kArya meM kSamatA prApta hotI hai aura kisI prakArakA vitaNDAvAda utpanna nahIM hotA / jinake jIvanameM anuzAsanahInatA aura arAjakatA hai, ve lAparavAha aura apane vicAroM meM avyavasthita hote haiM / kartavyaniSThAko jAgRta karanevAle cAra tattva haiM-- 1. jalAranA-jAganagA aura panagApiyatA / 2. zuddhatA uccastarIya naitika niyamoMke prati AsthA--ahiMsAke AdhAra para mUlyoMkI parakha / 3. upayogitA-choTe-bar3e sabhI kAryoM ko samAna mahattva dekara unakI upayogitAkI avadhAraNA / 4. vizadatA--saMgaThana aura prazAsanako yogyatA: dUsare zabdoMmeM vicAroM aura kAryavyApArameM vyavasthAko ora sAvadhAnI / vizleSaNa aura saMzleSaNakA ekIbhUta sAmarthya / vastuta: mUlyoM yA arhAoMkA nirvAcana hI manuSyakA kartavya hai / ataeva zAnAtmaka, kriyAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka vividha vyavahArakI abhivyakti kartavyasImA hai / kartavya vidhi-niSedhAtmaka ubhaya prakArake hote haiM / zubha pravRttiyoMkA sampAdana vidhyAtmaka aura azubha pravRttiyoMkA tyAga niSedhAtmaka kartavya haiN| kattaMvyake svarUpakA nirdhAraNa ahiMsAtmaka vyavahAra dvArA saMbhava hai| mAtApitA, putra-putrI, bhAI-bahana aura pati-patnI Adike pArasparika kartavyoMkA avadhAraNa bhAvanAtmaka vikAsako prakriyA dvArA hotA hai aura yaha ahiMsAkA hI sAmAjika rUpa hai 1 mAnava-hRdayako Antarika saMbedanAko vyApaka pragati hI to hisA hai aura yahI parivAra, samAja aura rASTrake uddhava evaM vikAsakA mala hai| yaha satya hai ki ukta prakriyAmeM rAgAtmaka bhAvanAkA bhI eka bahuta bar3A aMza hai, para yaha aMza sAmAjika gatividhimeM bAghaka nahIM hotaa| ____ ahiMsA mAnabako hiMsAse mukta karatI hai| vaira, vaimanasya-dveSa, kalaha, ghRNA, IyA, duHsaMkalpa, durvacana, krodha, ahaMkAra, daMbha, lobha, zoSaNa, damana Adi jitanI bhI vyakti aura samAjakI dhvaMsAtmaka pravRttiyA~ haiM, vikRtiyA~ haiM, ve saba hiMsAke rUpa haiN| mAnava-mana hiMsAke vividha prahArose nirantara ghAyala hotA rahatA hai| ataH krodhako koSase nahIM, kSamAse; ahaMkArako ahaMkArase nahIM, vinaya-namratAse, dambhako dambhase, nahIM, saralatA aura nizchalatAse; lobhako tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI vezamA : 559

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lobhase nahIM, santoSa aura udA khAle jItanA caahie| ra, kRpA, damana, utpIr3ana, ahaMkAra Adi sabhIkA prabhAva karttApara par3atA hai| jisa prakAra kueNmeM kI gayI dhvani pratidhvanike rUpameM vApasa lauTatI hai, usI prakAra hiMsAtmaka kriyAoMkA pratikriyAtmaka prabhAva karttApara hI par3atA hai / ahiMsAdvArA hRdayaparivartana sambhava hotA hai| yaha mAranekA siddhAnta nahIM, sudhAranekA hai | yaha saMsArakA nahIM, uddhAra evaM nirmANakA siddhAnta hai / yaha aise prayatnoMkA pakSadhara hai, jinake dvArA mAnavake antasmeM manovaijJAnika parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai aura aparAdhakI bhAvanAoM ko miTAyA jA sakatA hai / aparAdha eka mAnasika bImArI hai, isakA upacAra prema, sneha, sadbhAvake mAdhyamase kiyA jA sakatA hai / ghRNA yA dveSa pApase honA cAhie, pApose nahIM / bure vyakti aura burAIke boca antara sthApita karanA hI kartavya hai / burAI sadA burAI hai, vaha kabhI malAI nahIM ho sakatI; parantu burA AdamI yathAprasaMga bhalA ho sakatA hai / mUlameM koI AtmA burI hai hI nahIM / asatyake bIca meM satya, andhakArake bocameM prakAza aura viSake bhItara amRta chipA rahatA hai| acche bure sabhI vyaktiyoMmeM Atmajyoti jala rahI hai| aparAdhI vyaktimeM bhI vaha jyoti hai kintu usake guNoMkA tirobhAva hai / vyaktikA prayAsa aisA honA cAhie, jisase tirohita guNa AvirbhUta ho jAyeM / isa sandarbha meM karttavyapAlanakA artha mana, vacana aura kAyase kisI bhI prANIkI hiMsA na karanA, na kisI hiMsAkA samarthana karanA aura na kisI dUsare vyaktike dvArA kisI prakArakI hiMsA karavAnA hai / yadi mAnavamAtra isa kattaMvyako nibhAnekI ceSTA kare, to aneka duHkhoMkA anta ho sakatA hai aura mAnavamAtra sukha evaM zAntikA jIvana vyatota kara sakatA hai| jabataka parivAra yA samAjameM svArthIkA saMgharSa hotA rahegA, tabataka jIvanake prati sammAnako bhAvanA udita nahIM ho skegii| yaha ahiMsAtmaka kartavya dekhane meM sarala aura spaSTa pratIta hotA hai, kintu vyakti yadi isa karttavyakA AtmaniSTha hokara pAlana kare, to usameM naitikatA ke sabhI guNa svataH upasthita ho jAyeMge / mUlarUpameM karttavyoMko nimnalikhita rUpameM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. svatantratAkA sammAna | 2. caritrake prati sammAna / 3. sampattikA sammAna / 4. parivAra ke prati sammAna | 5. samAjake prati sammAna | 560: tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

Page #602
6. satyake prati sammAna | 7. pragatike prati sammAna | svatantratAkA sammAna manuSyakA dUsare vyaktiyoMkI svatantratA ke adhikArako svIkAra karanekA karttavya utanA hI mAnya hai, jitanA ki jIvana-sambandhI kartavya AdaraNIya hai / yaha kartavya bhI manuSyako aisA vyavahAra karaneke lie niSedha karatA hai, jisake dvArA anya kisI vyaktiko svatantratAmeM bAdhA pahu~catI ho / hamArA koI adhikAra nahIM ki hama apane vyavahArake dvArA kisI anya vyaktike jIvanake vikAsa meM bAdhAe~ utpanna kreN| kisI bhI vyaktiko svatantratAko avaruddha karanekA artha usake jIvana ke vikAsa meM vAdhaka honA hai| ataH yaha karttavya jIvanasambandhI kattaMvyase ghaniSTha sambandha rakhatA hai / yadi manuSya anya vyaktiyoMko bhI apane samAna samajhe, to isa karttavyakI kadApi avahelanA na hogii| jo vyakti sabhI jIvoM ko apane hI samAna dekhatA hai, vahI isa karttavyakA nirvAha kara pAtA hai / vAstava meM svatantratA sammAnakA eka aisA AdhArabhUta kartavya hai, jisake vinA kisI bhI prakArakI vaiyaktika athavA sAmAjika pragati sambhava nahIM ho sakatI / sAmAjika aura pArivArika viSamatAkA anta isI karttavyapAlana dvArA saMbhava hai / caritrake prati sammAna pratyeka parivAra ke sadasyako anya sadasya ke caritrakA sammAna karanA caritrake prati sammAna hai / jIvanasambandhI kartavya hiMsAkA niSedhaka hai, to svatantratA sambandhI karttavya anya vyaktioMkI svatantratAkA damana na karanekA saMketa karatA hai / yaha karttavya anya vyaktiyoMko kSati pahuMcAnekA niSedha to karatA hI hai, sAtha hI isa bAta kI vidhi bhI karatA hai ki hameM dUsaroMke vyaktitva ke vikAsako protsAhita karanA hai / yaha vidheyAtmaka kartavya anya vyaktiyoMke cAritrika vikAsake lie anupraNita karatA hai| jo vyakti parivAra aura samAja ke samasta sadasyoMko cAritra - vikAsakA avasara detA hai, vaha parivArakI unnati karatA hai aura sabhI prakArase jIvanako sukhI-samRddha banAtA hai / sampattikA sammAna sampatti sammAnakA artha vyaktiyoMke sampattisambandhI adhikArako svIkRta karanA / yaha kartavya bhI eka niSedhAtmaka kartavya hai; kyoMki yaha anya vyaktiyoM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 561 36

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ke sampattisambandhI apahaNakA niSedha karatA hai| yaha 'asteya' ke nAmase abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai / AdhyAtmika vyaktitva ke vikAsake lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti zuddha ahiMsAtmaka jovana vyatIta kre| isa karttavyakA AdhAra satya aura ahiMsA haiM | yadi ahiMsAkA artha kisI bhI vyaktiko mana, vacana aura karmase mAnasika aura zArIrika kSati pahuMcAnA hai, to yaha spaSTa hai ki dUsarekI sampattikA apaharaNa na karanA ahiMsAkA aMga hai| kisIkI sampattikA apaharaNa karanekA artha nissandeha usa vyaktiko mAnasika aura zArIrika kSati pahuMcAnA hai aura usake vyaktitva vikAsako avaruddha karanA hai / yaha karttavya hameM isa bAta ke lie prerita karatA hai ki hama bhogopabhogakI vastuoMkA amaryAdita rUpase sevana na kareM | apavyayako bhI yaha kartavya rokatA hai| parivArake lie mitavyayatA atyAvazyaka hai / mitavyayatA samasta vastuoMko madhyama mArgake rUpameM grahaNa karanemeM hai / sampattikA apavyaya yA anucita avarodha ye donoM hI kartavyake bAhara haiM, jaba bhautika vastuoM yA mAnasika zaktikA apavyaya kiyA jAtA hai, to kucha dinoMmeM vyakti zaktihIna ho jAtA hai, jisase vyakti, parivAra aura samAja ye tInoM vinAzako prApta hote haiM / jo sampattisammAna kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha nimnalikhita vastuoM meM madhyama mArga yA mitavyayatAkA prayoga karatA hai 1 1. sampatti ! 2. AhAra-vihAra / 3. vastra aura upaskara / 4. manoraJjanake sAdhana | 5. vilAsa aura ArAmakI vastue~ / 6. samaya / 7. zakti / arthakA pratIka sikkA parivartanakA mAnadaNDa hai aura usase hamArI kraya zaktikA bodha hotA hai| jo vyakti sampatti prApta karanA cAhatA hai aura RNase bacanA cAhatA hai, vaha vyayako Ayake anurUpa banAkara abhivRddhi prApta kara sakatA hai / vilAsa aura ArAmakI vastuoM ke kraya karanemeM apavyaya hotA hai / isa apavyayakA rokanA parivArake hitake lie atyAvazyaka hai| apavyaya aisA mAnasika roga hai jisake kAraNa anucita lAbha aura steyasambandhI kriyApratikriyAeM sampAdita karanI par3atI hai / vaha anucita rItise kisIkI 562 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya- paramparA !

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sampatti, kSetra, bhavana Adipara apanA adhikAra karatA hai| corIke antaraMga kAraNoMpara vicAra karanese jJAta hotA hai ki jaba dravyakI lolupasA bar3ha jAtI hai, to tRSNA vRddhigata hotI hai, jisase vyakti yena kena prakAreNa dhanasaMcaya karane kI ora jhukatA hai| yahA~ viveka aura ImAnadArIke na rahanese vyakti apanI prAmANikasA kho baiThatA hai, jisase use anaitikarUpameM dhanArjana karatA par3atA hai / apavyaya coro karanA bhI sikhalAtA hai / eka bAra hAyake khula jAne para phira apaneko saMyamita rakhanA kaThina ho jAtA hai / apavyayoke pAsa dhana sthira nahIM rahatA aura vaha nirdhana hokara cauryakarmakI ora pravRtta hotA hai| kucha vyakti mAna-pratiSThAke hetu dhanavyaya karate haiM aura apaneko bar3A dikhalAneke prayAsameM vyartha kharca karate haiM, pariNAmasvarUpa unheM anIti aura zoSaNako apanAnA par3atA hai| ataeva sampattike sammAna-kartavyakA AcaraNa karate hae cintA, udvignatA. nirAzA, krodha, lobha, mAyA Adise bacanekA bhI prayAsa karanA cAhie / parivArake prati sammAna parivArake prati sammAnakA artha hai pArivArika samasyAoMke sulajhAneke lie vivAha Adi kAryokA sampanna karanA / saMnyAsa yA nivRttimArga vaiyaktika jIvanotthAnake lie Avazyaka hai, para saMsArake bIca nivAsa karate hue pArivArika dAyitvoMkA nirvAha karanA aura samAja evaM saMghakI unnatike hetu prayatnazIla rahanA bhI Avazyaka hai / vAstavameM zrAvaka-jIvanakA lakSya dAna denA, devapUjA karanA aura munidharmake saMrakSaNameM sahayoga denA hai| sAdhu-muniyoMko dAna dene kI kriyA zrAvaka-jIvanake binA sampanna nahIM ho sakatI / nArIke binA puruSa aura puruSake binA akelI nArI dAnAdi kriyA sampAdita karanemeM asamartha hai| ataH caturvidha saMghake saMrakSaNa evaM kulaparamparAke nirvAhakI dRSTise pArivArika kartavyoMkA nirvAha atyAvazyaka hai / sAtAvedanIya aura cAritramohanIyake udayase vivahana-kanyAvaraNa vivAha kahalAtA hai| yaha jIvanameM dharma, artha, kAma Adi puruSArthoMkA niyamana karatA hai| ataeva pArivArika kartavyoM tathA saMskAroMke prati jAgarUkatA apekSita hai| saMskArazabda dhArmika kriyAoMke lie prayukta hai| isakA abhiprAya bAhma dhArmika kriyAoM, vyartha ADambara, korA karmakANDa, rAjya dvArA nirdiSTa niyama evaM auparika vyavahAroMse nahIM hai, balki Atmika aura Antarika saundaryase northakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 563

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hai | saMskArazabda vyakti ke daihika, mAnasika aura bauddhika pariSkArake lie kiye jAnevAle anuSThAnoMse sambaddha hai| saMskAra tIna vargoM meM vibhakta hai-- 1. garbhAnvaya kriyAe~ / 2. dIkSAnvaya kriyAe~ | 3. kriyAnvaya kriyAe~ / ina kriyAoM dvArA pArivArika karttavyoMkA sampAdana kiyA jAtA haiM / samAjake prati sammAna sAmAjika vyavasthAko sucArurUpase saMcAlita karaneke lie samAja aura vyakti donoMke astitvakI AvazyakatA hai| manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai aura usake sabhI adhikAra use samAjakA sadasya honeke kAraNa hI prApta haiM / ataH vaha samAja, jo ki usake adhikAroMkA janaka aura rakSaka hai, vyakti se AzA rakhatA hai ki vaha sAmAjika saMsthAke saMrakSaNa ko apanA pradhAna kattaMvya samajheM | samAjake prati Adara evaM sammAnako bhAvanA vaha bhAvanA hai jo vyaktiko paramparAgata prathAoMko bhaGga karanese rokatI hai| cAhe ve paramparAe~ samAjakI ikAI kuTumbase sambandha rakhatI hoM, cAheM ve sampradAyase sambandha rakhatI hoM athavA rAjya yA raassttrse| samAja meM pracalita andhavizvAsoM aura rUr3hivAdI paramparAoMkA nirvAha karttavyake antargata nahIM hai / karttavya vaha vivekabuddhi hai jo samAjakI burAiyoM ko dUra kara usake vikAsake prati zraddhA yA niSThA utpanna kare / isameM sandeha nahIM ki vyaktikA samAjake prati bahuta bar3A dAyitva hai / use samAjako sugaThita, naitika aura AcAraniSTha banAnA hai / satyake prati sammAna satya ke prati sammAna yA satyaniSThA vyakti aura samAjake vikAsake lie Avazyaka hai / satya aura ahiMsAko sAtha-sAtha liyA jAtA hai aura inake AcaraNa se sAmAjika kalyANa mAnA jAtA hai| satyake prati sammAna yA karttavya kI bhAvanA kriyAzIlatAke lie prerita karatI hai aura satyaparAyaNa jIvana vyatIta karanekA Adeza detI hai / isa AdezakA artha yaha hai ki hameM apane vacanoMke anusAra hI vyavahAra karanA hai / jo vyakti apane jIvanako satyake AdhAra para calAtA hai, use vyAvahArika kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA avazya karanA par3atA hai, para satyaparAyaNa vyaktiko jIvanameM saphalatA prApta hotI hai / yadi vyakti apanA kartavya kartavya bhAvase sampAdita karatA hai, to usakA yaha 564 : tIyaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA 1 i "

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kartavya-sampAdana vidhAyaka tatva mAnA jAtA hai / satyake AdhAra para sampAdita AcAra-vyavahAra vyakti aura samAja donoMke lie hitakara hote haiN| manuSya jaba lobha-lAlaghameM phaMsa jAtA hai, vAsanAke viSase mUcchita ho jAtA hai aura apane jIvanake mahattvako bhUla jAtA hai, usa jIvanakI pavitratAkA smaraNa nahIM rahatA, taba usakA viveka samApta ho jAtA hai aura vaha yaha soca nahIM pAtA ki usakA janma saMsArase kucha lene ke lie nahIM huA hai balki kucha deneke lie huA hai| jo kucha prApta huA hai, vaha adhikAra hai aura jo samAjake prati arpita kiyA jAtA hai vaha kartavya hai| manuSyakI isa prakArakI manovRtti hI usake manako vizAla evaM virAT banAtI hai| jisake mana meM aisI udArabhAvanA rahatI hai vahI apane karttavya-sampAdana dvArA parivAra aura samAjako sUkhI, samaddha banAtA hai | ahaMkAra, krodha, lobha aura mAyAkA viSa satyAcaraNa dvArA dUra hotA hai / jisakA jIvana satyAcaraNameM ghulamila gayA hai, vahIM nizchala aura sacce vyavahAradvArA kSudratAoMko dUra karatA hai| sahajabhAvase apane kartavyako nibhAnevAlA vyakti kevala apane Apako dekhatA hai| usakI dRSTi isaro kI ora nahIM jaatii| vaha apanI nindA aura stutikI paravAha nahIM karatA, para bhadratA, saralatA aura ekarUpatAko chor3atA bhI nahIM / vAstavameM yadi manuSya apane vyavahArako udAra aura pariSkRta banA le, to use saMgharSa aura tanAvoMse TakarAnA na pdd'e| jIvana meM saMgharSa, tanAva aura kuNThAeM asatyAcaraNake kAraNa hI utpanna hotI haiN| . pragatike prati sammAna dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvake anusAra pratyeka vastumeM nirantara parivartana hotA hai| parivartana pragatirUpa bhI sambhava hai aura apragatirUpa bhii| jisa vyaktike vicAroMmeM udAratA aura vyavahArameM satyaniSThA samAhita hai, vaha sAmAjika, Arthika aura rAjanItika karttavyokA hRdayase pAlana karatA hai| saMkaTake samaya vyaktiko kisa prakArakA AcaraNa karanA cAhie aura paristhiti evaM vAtAvaraNa dvArA prAdurbhata pragatiyoMko kisa rUpa grahaNa karanA cAhie. yaha bhI karttavyamArgake antargata hai / ekAkI manuSyako dhAraNA nisandeha kalpanAmAtra hai / ataH kartavyoMkA mahattva naitika aura sAmAjika dRSTise kadApi kama nahIM hai| kartavyoMkA saMbaMdha adhikAroMke samAna sAmAjika vikAsase bhI hai| kartavyoMko vizeSatA jIvanake do mukhya agoMse sambaddha hai dIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 565

Page #607
1. jIvanakA Arthika aNg| 2. jIvanakA sAmAjika aNg| Arthika dRSTise manuSyake sampatti sambandhI adhikAra aura karttavyavizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM aura sAmAjika dRSTise manuSyake parivAra tathA samAja-sambandhI adhikAra aura karIbya bhI kama mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| adhikAroM tathA kartavyoMkA Arthika dRSTise saMtulita rUpameM prayoga apekSita hai| puruSArtho ke kramameM arthapuruSArthako isIlie dvitIya sthAna prApta hai ki isake binA dharmAcaraNa evaM kAmapuruSArthakA sevana sambhava nahIM hai| Aja Arthika pragatike aneka sAdhana vikasita haiM para karttavyaparAyaNa vyaktiko apanI naitikatA banAye rakhanA Avazyaka hai / jIvanakI AvazyakatAoMke vRddhiMgata hone aura Arthika samasyAoMke jaTila hone para bhI utpAdana, vitaraNa aura upayoga sambandhI naitika niyama jIvanako maryAdita rakhate haiN| surakSA aura AtmAnubhUti ye donoM ho naitika jIvanake lie apekSita haiN| zrama-siddhAnta bhI pragasike niyoko anuzAsita karatA hai| ataH sampattike prati do mukhya kartavya haiM-1. sampatti prApta karaneke lie karma karanA aura 2. upalabdha sampattikA sadupayoga krnaa| jo vyakti kisI bhI prakArakA karma nahIM karatA, usakA koI adhikAra nahIM ki vaha niSkriya hote hue bho sAmAjika sampattikA bhoga kare / isa karttavyake AdhAra para yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki zArIrika aura mAnasika svAsthyake lie zrama karanA atyAvazyaka hai| zrama karanese hI zramaNatvakI prApti hotI hai aura iso zrama dvArA AzramadharmakA nirvAha hotA hai| jo vyakti anya ke zrama para jIvita rahatA hai aura svayaM zrama nahIM karatA aise vyanisako samAjase kucha lene kA adhikAra nhiiN| jo kartavyaparAyaNa hai vahI samAjase. apanA ucita aMza prApta karanekA adhikArI hai| viveka, sAhasa, saMyama aura nyAya ye aise guNa haiM jo sAmAjika kalyANako ora vyaktiko prerita karate haiM / ina guNoMke apanAnese parivAra aura samAjakI viSamatA dUra hokara pragati hotI hai tathA samAnatAkA tattva prAdurbhasa hotA hai / samAjake gatizIla hone para sAhasa, saMyama aura vivekakA AcaraNa karate hae kartavyakarmoM kA nirvAha apekSita hotA hai| jyojyo samAjika vikAsa hotA hai, adhikAroM aura kartavyoMkA svarUpa svataH hI parivartita hotA calA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa pratyeka samAjameM vyavasthA, vidhAna aura anuzAsanakI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| yadi adhikAra aura karttavyoMmeM saMtulana sthApita ho jAya, to samAjameM anuzAsana utpanna hote vilamba na ho| 566 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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sahiSNutA pArivArika dAyitvoM ke nirvAhake lie sahiSNutA atyAvazyaka hai| parivArameM rahakara vyakti sahiSNu na bane aura choTI-sI choTI bAtake lie uttAvalA ho jAya, to parivAra meM sukha-zAnti nahIM raha sakatI / sahiSNu vyakti zAntabhAvase parivAra ke anya sadasyoMkI bAtoM aura vyavahAroMko sahana kara letA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa parivAra meM zAnti aura sukha sarvadA pratiSThita rahatA hai / abhyudaya aura niHzreyasakI prApti sahanazIlatA dvArA hI sambhava hai / jo parivArameM sabhI prakArakI samRddhikA icchuka hai tathA isa samRddhike dvArA lokavyavahArako saphalarUpa meM saMcAlita karanA cAhatA hai aisA vyakti samAja aura parivArakA hita nahIM kara sakatA hai | vikArI mana zarIra aura indriyoMpara adhikAra prApta karaneke sthAna para unake vaza hokara kAma karatA hai, jisase sahiSNutA kI zakti ghaTatI hai| jisane AtmAlocana Arambha kara diyA hai aura jo svayaM apanI burAIyoMkA avalokana karatA hai vaha samAjameM zAntisthApanakA prayAsa karatA hai / sahiSNutAkA artha kRtrima bhAvukatA nahIM aura na anyAya aura atyAcAroMko prazraya denA ho hai; kintu apano Asmika zaktikA itanA vikAsa karanA hai, jisase vyakti, samAja aura parivAra niSpakSa jIvana vyatIta kara pUrvAgrahake kAraNa asahiSNutA utpanna hotI hai, jisase satyakA nirNaya nahIM hotA / jo zAntacitta hai, jisakI vAsanAe~ saMyamita ho gaI hai aura jisameM niSpakSatA jAgRta ho gaI hai vahI vyakti sahiSNu yA sahanazIla ho sakatA hai / sahanazIla yA sahiSNu hone ke lie nimnalikhita guNa apekSita haiM 1. dRDhatA / 2. AtmanirbhatA / 3. niSpakSatA / 4. vivekazIlatA | 5. karttavyakarma ke prati niSThA / anuzAsana mAnavatA ke bhavya bhavanakA nirmANa anuzAsanadvArA hI sampanna kiyA jA sakatA hai / vAstava meM jahAM anuzAsana hai, vahIM ahiMsA hai / aura jahA~ anuzAsanahotA hai vahIM hiMsA hai| pArivArika aura sAmAjika jIvanakA vinAza hiMsA dvArA hotA hai / yadi dharma manuSyake hRdayakI krUratAko dUra kara de aura ahiMsA dvArA usakA antaHkaraNa nirmala ho jAya to jIvana meM sahiSNutAko sAdhanA sarala ho jAtI hai | vAstava meM anuzAsita jIvana hI samAjake lie upayogI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezamA : 567

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hai / jisa samAja meM anuzAsanakA prabhAva rahatA hai vaha samAja kabhI bhI vikasita nahIM ho pAtA / anuzAsita parivAra hI samAjako gatizIla banAtA hai, protsAhita karatA hai aura Adarza kI pratiSThA karatA hai| saMgharSoMkA mUlakAraNa ucchUkhalatA yA udaNDatA hai / jabataka jIvanameM udaNDatA Adi durguNa samAviSTa raheMge, saktaka sugaThita samAjakA nirmANa sambhava nahIM hai / samAja aura parivArako pramukha samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhI anuzAsana dvArA hI sambhava hai| zAsana aura zAsita sabhIkA vyavahAra unmukta yA ucchraGkhalita ho rahA hai| ataH aticArI aura aniyantrita pravRttiyoM ko anuzAsita karanA Avazyaka hai / anuzAsanakA sAmAnya artha hai katipaya niyamoM, siddhAntoM Adi kA paripAlana karanA aura kisI bhI sthitimeM usakA ulaMghana na karanA / saMkSepameM vaha vidhAna, jo vyakti, parivAra aura samAjake dvArA pUrNataH Acarita hotA hai, anuzAsana kahA jAtA hai| jIvanake pratyeka kSetra meM suvyavasthAkI anivArya AvazyakatAko koI bhI asvIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| isake binA mAnava samAja cilakula vighaTita ho jAegA aura jo bhI vyavasthA nahIM bana sakegI / jo vyakti svecchA se anuzAsanakA nirvAha karatA hai, vaha parivAra aura samAjake lie eka Adarza upasthita karatA hai| jovanake vizAla bhavanako nIva anuzAsanapara ho avalambita hai | pArasparika dveSabhAva, guTabandI, vargabheda, jAtibheda Adi anuzAsanahInatAko bar3hAvA dete haiM aura sAmAjika saMgaThanako zithila banAte haiM / ataeva sahaja aura svAbhAvika karttavya ke antargagata asuzAsanako pramukha sthAna prApta hai / anuzAsana jAyanako kalApUrNa, zAnta aura gatizIla banAtA hai / isake dvArA parivAra aura samAjakI avyavasthAeM dUra hotI haiN| 1 pArivArika cetanAkA samyaka vikAsa, ahiMsA, karuNA, samarpaNa, sevA, prema, sahiSNutA Adike dvArA hotA hai / manuSya janma lete ho pArivArika eva sAmAjika kartavya evaM uttaradAyitva se baMdha jAtA hai| prANImAtra eka dUsarese upakRta hotA hai / usakA AdhAra aura Azraya prApta karatA hai / jaba hama kisIkA upakAra svIkAra karate haiM, to use cukAnekA dAyitva bhI hamAre hI Upara rahatA hai | yaha AdAna-pradAnako sahajavRtti ho manuSyako pArivArikatA aura sAmAjikatAkA mUlakendra hai| usake samasta karttavyoM eva dharmAcaraNoMkA AdhAra hai / rAga aura moha AtmA ke lie vyAjya haiM, para parivAra aura samAja saMcAlanake lie inakI upayogitA hai / jIvana sarvathA palAyanavAdI nahIM hai| jo karmaTha banakara zrAvakAcArakA anuSThAna karanA cAhatA hai use ahiMsA, satya, karuNA 568 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya - paramparA ! L

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sevA samapaMNa Adike dvArA parivAra aura samAjako dar3ha karanA caahie| yaha dRDhIkaraNako kriyA dI gapitroM yA nahI hai| samAjagaThanako AdhArabhUta bhAvanAeM samAja-gaThana ke lie kucha maulika sUtra haiM, jina sUtroMke AdhArapara samAja ekarUpameM baMdhatA hai / kucha aise sAmAnya niyama yA siddhAnta haiM, jo sAmAjikatAkA sahajameM vikAsa karate haiN| saMvedanazIla mAnava samAjake bIca rahakara ina niyamoMke AdhArapara apane jIvanako sundara, sarala, namra aura uttaradAyI banAtA hai / mAnava-jIvanakA sarvAMgINa vikAsa apekSita hai / ekAMgarUpase kiyA gayA vikAsa jIvanako sundara, ziva aura satya nahIM banAtA hai| karmake sAtha manakA sundara honA aura manake sAtha vANIkA madhura honA vikAsako sIr3hI hai| jIvanameM dharma aura satya aise tatva hai, jo use zAzvatarUpa pradAna karate haiN| samAja-saMgaThanake lie nimnalikhita cAra bhAvanAeM Avazyaka hai: 1. maitrI bhaavnaa| 2. pramoda bhAvanA / 3. kAruNya bhaavnaa| 4. mAdhyasthya bhaavnaa| maitrI bhAvanA manako vRttiyoMko atyadhika udAtta banAtI hai| yaha pratyeka prANIke sAtha mitratAkI kalpanA hI nahIM, apitu saccI anubhUtike sAtha ekAtmabhAva yA tAdAtmabhAva samAjake sAtha utpanna karatI hai| manuSyakA hRdaya aba maitrIbhAvanAse susaMskRta ho jAtA hai, to ahiMsA aura satyake vIrudha svayaM utpanna ho jAte haiM / aura AtmAkA vistAra hone se samAja svargakA nandana-kAnana bana jAtA hai| jisa prakAra mitrake gharameM hama aura mitra hamAre gharameM nirbhaya aura niHkoca sneha evaM sadbhAvapUrNa vyavahAra kara sakatA hai usI prakAra yaha samasta vizva bhI hameM mitrake gharake rUpameM dikhalAI par3atA hai| kahIM bhaya, saMkoca evaM AtaMkakI vRtti nahIM rahato / kitanI sukhada aura udAtta bhAvanA hai yaha maitrIkI / vyakti, parivAra aura samAja tathA rASTra ko sugaThita karanekA ekamAtra sAdhana yaha maMtrI-bhAvanA hai| isa bhAvanAke vikasita hote ho pArasparika sauhArda, vizvAsa, prema, zraddhA evaM niSThAko utpatti ho jAtI hai| corI, dhokhAdhar3I laTa-khasoTa, Adi sabhI vibhISikAeM samApta ho jAtI haiN| vizvake sabhI prANiyoMke prati mitratAkA bhAva jAgRta ho jAya to parivAra aura samAjagaThanameM kisI bhI prakArakA durAva tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 569

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chipAva nahIM raha sakatA hai / vastutaH maitrI-bhAvanA samAjako paridhiko vikasita karatI hai, jisase AtmAmeM samabhAva utpanna hotA hai / pramova-bhAvanA gaNIjanoMko dekhakara antaHkaraNakA ullasita honA pramoda-bhAvanA hai| kisIko acchI bAtako dekhakara usakI vizeSatA aura guNoMkA anubhava kara hamAre manameM eka ajJAta lalaka aura harSAnubhUti utpanna hotI hai| yahI AnandakI lahara parivAra aura samAjako ekatAke sUtrameM Abaddha karatI hai| prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki manuSya apanese Age bar3he hue vyakti ko dekhakara IrSyA karatA hai aura isa IyAse prerita hokara use girAnekA bhI prayatna karatA hai| jaba taka isa pravRttikA nAza na ho jAya, tabataka ahiMsA aura satya Tika nahIM pAte / pramodabhAvanA parivAra aura samAjameM ekatA utpanna karatI hai| IrSyA aura vidveSa para isI bhAvanAke dvArA vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai| IrSyAkI agni itanA vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai ki manuSya apane bhAI aura putrake bhI utkarSako phUTI A~khoM nahIM dekha pAtA / yahI ISyAMkI pariNati evaM pravRtti hI parivAra gaura samAgameM lAI jAnakArI hai ' sAkora parivArako chinna-bhinnatA IyAM, ghRrNA aura dveSake kAraNa ho hotI hai| pratisa(kza samAja vinAzake kagArakI ora bar3hatA hai / ataH 'pramoda-bhAvanA'kA abhyAsa kara guNoMke pArakhI bananA aura sahI mUlyAMkana karanA samAjagaThanakA siddhAnta hai / jo svayaM AdarasammAna prApta karanA cAhatA hai, use pahale anya vyaktiyoM kA Adara-sammAna karanA cAhie / apane muNoMke sAtha anya vyaktiyoMke guNoMkI bhI prazaMsA karanI cAhie / yaha pramodakI bhAvanA manameM prasanmatA, nirbhayatA evaM AnandakA saMcAra karatA hai aura samAja tathA parivArako Atmanirbhara, svastha aura sugaThita banAtI hai| karuNA-bhAvanA karuNA manakI komala vRtti hai, duHkho aura pIr3ita prANIke prati sahaja anukampA aura mAnavIya saMvedanA jAga uThatI hai| duHkhoke dU:khanivAraNArtha hAtha bar3hate haiM aura yathAzakti usake duHkhakA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| __ karuNA manuSyako sAmAjikatAkA mUlAdhAra hai / isake sevA, ahiMsA, dayA, sahayoga, vinamratA Adi sahasroM rUpa saMbhava hai| parivAra aura samAjakA Alambana yaha karuNA-bhAvanA hI hai| mAtrAke tAratamyake kAraNa karuNAke pramukha tIna bheda haiM-1. mahAkaruNA, 2. atikaruNA aura, 3. lghukrunnaa| mahAkaruNA niHsvArthabhAvase prerita 570 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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hotI hai aura isa karuNAkA dhArI prANimAtrake kaTa-nivAraNake lie prayAsa karatA hai| isa zreNIkI karuNA kisI netA yA mahAn vyaktimeM hI rahatI hai| isa karuNA dvArA samasta mAnava-samAjako ekatAke sUtrameM Abaddha kiyA jAtA hai aura samAjake samasta sadasyoM ko sukhI banAnekA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| atikaruNA bhI jitendriya, saMyamI aura niHsvArtha vyakti meM pAyI jAtI hai| isa karuNAkA uddezya bhI prANiyoMmeM pArasparika sauhArda utpanna karanA hai| dusareke prati kaisA vyavahAra karanA aura kisa vAtAbaraNameM karanA hitaprada ho sakatA hai, isakA viveka bhI mahAkaruNA aura atikaruNA dvArA hotA hai| pratizodha, saMkIrNatA aura damakatA AdimAnamA ta kAgAke kalAna samAjase niSkAsita hotI haiM / vAstavameM karuNA aisA komala tantu hai, jo samAjako ekatAmeM Abaddha karatA hai| laghukaruNAkA kSetra parivAra yA kisI AdhAravizeSapara gaThita saMgha taka hI sImita hai| apane parivArake sadasyoMke kaSTanivAraNArtha ceSTA karanA aura karuNAvRttise prerita hokara unako sahAyatA pradAna karanA laghukaruNAkA kSetra hai| manuSya meM adhyAtma-cetanAkI pramukhatA hai, ata: vaha zAzvata AtmA evaM aparivartanIya yathArthatAkA svarUpa satya-ahiMsAse sambaddha hai / kalaha, viSayabhoga, ghRNA, svArtha, saMcayazIlavRtti AdikA tyAga bhI karuNA-bhAvanA dvArA saMbhava hai| ataeva saMkSepameM karuNA-bhAvanA samAja-gaThanakA aisA siddhAnta hai jo avyApti aura ativyApti doSoMse rahita hokara samAjako svastha rUpa pradAna karatA hai| mAdhyasmya-bhAvanA jinase vicAroMkA mela nahIM baiThatA athavA jo sarvathA saMskArahIna haiM. kisI bhI sadvastuko grahaNa karaneke yogya nahIM haiM, vo kumArgapara cale jA rahe haiM tathA jinake sudhArane aura sahI rAste para lAne ke sabhI yatna niSphala siddha ho gaye haiM, unake prati upekSAbhAva rakhanA mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA hai| manuSyameM asahiSNutAkA bhAva pAyA jAtA hai / vaha apane virodhI aura virodha ko saha nahIM paataa| matabhedake sAtha manobheda hote vilamba nahIM lgtaa| ataH isa bhAvanA dvArA manobhedako utpanna na hone denA samAja-gaThanake lie Avazyaka hai| ina cAroM bhAvanAoMkA abhyAsa karanese AdhyAtmika guNoMkA vikAsa to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI parivAra aura samAja bhI sugaThita hote haiN| mAdhyasthya-bhAvanAkA lakSya hai ki asaphalatAko sthitimeM manuSyake utsAhako sIkara mahAvIra aura unakI veNanA : 571

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bhaMga na hone denA tathA bar3o-se-bar3o vipattike Anepara bhI samAjako sudRr3ha banAye rakhanekA prayAsa karanA / jijIviSA jIvakA svabhAva hai aura pratyeka prANI isa svabhAvako sAdhanA kara rahA hai| ataeva mAdhyasthya-bhAvanAkA avalambana lekara viparIta AcaraNa karanevAloMke prati bhI dvaSa, ghRNA yA I ina kara taTasthavRtti rakhanA Avazyaka hai| __ saMkSepameM samAja-gaThanakA mUlAdhAra ahiMsAtmaka ukta cAra bhAvanAeM haiN| samAjake samasta niyama aura vidhAna ahiMsAke Aloka meM manuSyahitake lie nirmita hote haiN| mAnavake duHkha aura dainya bhautikabAda dvArA samApta na hokara adhyAtmadvArA hI naSTa hote haiN| samAja malpa, vizvAsa aura mAnyatAe~ ahiMsAke dharAtala para hI pratiSThita hotI haiN| mAnava-samAjako samRddhi pArasparika vizvAsa, prema, zraddhA, jovanasuvidhAoMko samatA, vizvabandhutva, maMtrI, karuNA bora mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA para hI Adhuta hai| ataeva samAjaka ghaTaka parivAra, saMgha, samAja, goSThI, sabhA, pariSad Adiko sadar3hatA naitika mUlyoM aura AdarzoM para pratiSThita hai| samAjadharma : pRSThabhUmi ___ mAnava-samAjako bhautikavAda aura nAstikavAdane pathabhraSTa kiyA hai / ina donoMne mAnavatAke sacce Adazose cyuta karake mAnavako pazu banA diyA hai / jabataka samAjakA pratyeka sadasya yaha nahIM samajha latA ki manuSmAtrakI samasyA usakI samasyA hai, tabataka samAjameM paraspara sahAnubhUti evaM sadbhAvanA utpanna nahIM ho sakatI hai / jAtIya ahaMkAra, dharma, dhana, varga, zakti, ghRNA aura rASTrake kRtrima bandhanoMne mAnava-samAjake bIca khAI utpanna kara dI hai, jisakA Atma. vikAsake vinA bharanA sambhava nahIM / yasa: mAnava-samAja aura sabhyatAkA bhaviSya AtmazAna, svatantratA, nyAya aura premakI una gaharI vizvabhAvanAoMke sAtha baMdhA huA hai, jo Aja bhautikatA, hiMsA, zoSaNa prabhRtise bhArAkAnta hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki samAjako saMkIrNatAe', dharmake nAmapara kI jAnevAlI hiMsA, vargabhedake nAmapara bheda-bhAva, UMca-nIcatA Adise vartamAna samAja prasta hai / ataH mAnavatAkA jAgaraNa usI sthiti meM sambhava hai, jaba jJAna-vijJAna, artha, kAma, rAjanIti-vidhAna evaM samAja-jIvanakA samanvaya naitikatAke sAtha sthApita ho tathA prANimAtrake sApa ahiMsAtmaka vyavahAra kiyA jAya / pazu-pakSI bhI mAnavake samAna vizyake lie upayogI evaM usake sadasya haiN| ataH unake sAtha 572 : tIrthaMkara mahApaura aura unakI AvAya-paramparA

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bhI premapUrNa vyavahAra honA Avazyaka hai| vizAla aizvayaM aura mahAna vaibhava prApta karake bhI prama ora AtmaniyantraNa nitA zAnni vAgAva nahIM laga samAjake pratyeka sadasyakA naitika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa nahIM haA hai, taba. taka vaha bhautikavAdake mAyAjAlase mukta nahIM ho sakatA / vyakti aura samAja apanI dRSTiko adhikArako orase haTAkara kartavyako ora jabataka nahIM lAyegA, tavataka svArthabuddhi dUra nahIM ho sakato hai| vastutaH samAjakA pratyeka sadasya naitikatAse anaitikatA, ahiMsAse hiMsA, premase ghRNA, kSamAse krodha, utsargase saMgharSa evaM mAnavatAse pazutApara vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai / dAsatA, barvaratA aura hiMsAse mukti prApta karane ke lie ahiMsaka sAdhanoMkA honA anivArya hai / yataH ahiMsaka sAdhanoM dvArA hI ahiMsAmaya zAMti prApta kI jA sakatI hai| binA kisI bheda-bhAvake saMsArake samasta prANiyoMke kaSToMkA anta ahiMsaka AcaraNa aura udArabhAvanA dvArA hI sambhava hai / bhautika utkarSakI sarvathA avahelanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, para ise mAnava-jIvanakA antima lakSya mAnanA bhUla hai| bhautika utkarSa samAjake lie yahIM saka abhipreta hai, jahA~saka sarvasAdhAraNake naitika utkarSa meM bAdhaka nahIM hai| aise bhautika utkarSase koI lAbha nahIM, jisase naitikatAko Thesa pahu~catI ho| samAjadharmakA mUla yahI hai ki anyakI galatI dekhaneke pahale apanA nirokSaNa karo, aisA karanese anyako bhUla dikhalAyI nahIM par3egI aura eka mahAna saMgharSase sahaja hI mukti mila jaaygo| vizvapremakA pracAra bhI AtmanirIkSaNase ho sakatA hai| vizpapremake pavitra sUtrameM baMdha jAnepara sampradAya, varga, jAti, deza evaM samAjakI paraspara ghRNA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai aura sabhI mitratApUrNa vyavahAra karane lagate haiM / hamArA premakA yaha vyavahAra kevala mAnava-samAjake sAtha hI nahIM rahanA cAhie, kintu pazu, pakSI, kIr3e aura makor3e ke sAtha bhI honA caahie| ye pazu-pakSI bhI hamAre hI samAna janadAra haiM aura ye bhI apane sAtha kiye jAnevAle sahAnubhUti, prema, karatA aura kaThoratAke vyavahArako samajhate haiN| jo inase prema karatA hai, usake sAmane ye apanI bhayaMkaratA bhUla jAte haiM aura usake caraNoMmeM natamastaka ho jAte haiM; para jo inake sAtha kaThoratA, karatA aura nirdayatAkA vyavahAra karatA hai| use dekhate hI ye bhAga jAte haiM athavA apaneko chipA lete haiN| ataH samAjameM manuSyake hI samAna anya prANiyoM ko bhI jAnadAra samajhakara unake sAtha bhI sahAnubhUti aura premakA vyavahAra karanA Avazyaka hai| samAjako vikRta yA rogI banAnevAle tatva haiM--(1) zoSaNa, (2) anyAya, (3) atyAcAra, (4) parAdhInatA, (5) svArthalolupatA, (6) avizvAsa aura, tIrghakara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA : 573

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(7) ahaMkAra | ina vinAzakArI tattvoMkA AcaraNa karanese samAjakA kalyANa yA unnati nahIM ho sakatI hai / samAja bho eka zarIra hai aura isa zarIra kI pUrNatA sabhI sadasyoMke samUha dvArA niSpanna hai / yadi eka bhI sadasya mAyA, dhokhA, chala-prapaMca aura krUratAkA AcaraNa karegA, to samAjakA samasta zarIra rogI bana jAyagA aura zanaiH zanaiH saMgaThana zithala hone lagegA / ataH hiMsA, AkramaNa aura ahaMkAra kI nItikA tyAga Avazyaka hai / jisa samAjameM nAgarikatA aura lokahitako bhAvanA paryApta pAyI jAtI hai i aura sukhakA upabhoga karatA hai / sahAnubhUti samAja-dharmokI sAmAnya rUparekhA meM sahAnubhUtikI gaNanA kI jAtI hai / isake abhAvase ahaMkAra utpanna hotA hai / vAstavika sahAnubhUti premake rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai / ahaMkArake mUla meM ajJAna hai / ahaMkAra unhIM logoM ke hRdayameM panapatA hai, jo yaha socate haiM ki unakA astitva anya vyaktiyoMse pRthak hai tathA unake uddezya aura hita bhI dUsare sAmAjika sadasyoMse bhinna haiM aura unakI vicAradhArA tathA vicAradhArAjanya kAryavyavahAra bhI sahI haiN| ataH ve samAjameM sarvopari hai, unakA astitva aura mahattva anya sadasyoMse zreSTha hai / sahAnubhUti manuSyako pRthak aura Atmakendrita jIvanase UMcA uThAtI hai aura anya sadasyoMke hRdaya meM usake lie sthAna banAtI hai, tabhI vaha dUsaroMke vicAroM aura anubhUtiyoM meM sammilita hotA hai| kisI duHkhI prANI kaSTake saMbaMdhameM pUcha-tAcha karanA eka prakArakA mAtra ziSTAcAra hai / para duHkhIke duHkha ko dekhakara dravita honA aura sahAyatA ke lie tatpara honA hI sacce sahAnubhUtipUrNa manakA paricAyaka hai| saccI sahAnubhUtikA ahaMkAra aura AtmazlAghAke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai / yadi koI vyakti apane paropakArasambandhI kAryoMkA guNAnuvAda cAhatA hai aura pratidAna meM durvyavahAra milanepara zikAyata karatA hai to samajha lenA cAhie ki usane vaha paropakAra nahIM kiyA hai / vinIta, AtmanigrahI aura sevAbhAvI meM hI saccI sahAnubhUti rahatI hai / yathArthataH sahAnubhUti dUsare vyaktiyoMke prayAsoM aura duHkhoM ke sAtha ekalayatAke bhAvakI anubhUti hai| isase mAnavake vyaktitva meM pUrNatAkA bhAva AtA hai / isI guNake dvArA sahAnubhUtipUrNa vyakti apanI nijatAmeM aneka AtmAoM kA pratIka bana jAtA hai | vaha samAjako anyasadasyoM kI dRSTise dekhatA hai, anya ke kAnoMse sunatA hai, anyake manase socatA hai aura anya logoMke hRdayake dvArA hI anubhUti prApta karatA hai / apanI isI vizeSatAke kAraNa vaha apanese bhinna 574 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA 1

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vyaktiyoMke manobhAvoMko samajha sakatA hai| ataH isaprakArake vyaktikA jIvana samAjake lie hotA hai| vaha samAjakI nIMda sotA hai aura samAjakI hI nIMda jAgatA hai| sahAnubhUti aisA sAmAjika dharma hai, jisake dvArA pratyeka sadasya anya sAmAjika sadasyoMke hRdayataka pahuMcatA hai aura samasta samAjake sadasyoMke sAtha ekAtmabhAva utpanna ho jAtA hai| eka sadasyako honevAlI pIDA, vedanA anya sadasyoMkI bhI bana jAtI haiM aura sukha-duHkhameM sAdhAraNIkaraNa ho jAtA hai| bhAvAtmaka sasAkA prasAra ho jAtA hai aura azeSa samAjake sAtha usakA rAgAtmaka sambandha sthApita ho jAtA hai / sahAnubhUti ekAtmakArI tatva hai, isake apanAnese kabhI dUsaroMko bhatsaMnA nahIM kI jAtI aura sahavartI janasamudAyake prati sahRdayatAkA vyavahAra sampAdita kiyA jAtA hai| isakI paripakvAvasthAko vahI vyakti prApta kara sakatA hai, jisane jIvana meM sampUrNa hArdikatAse prema kiyA ho, por3A sahI ho aura duHkhoMke gambhIra sAgarakA avagAhana kiyA ho / jIvanako Atyantika anabhUtiyoM ke saMsargase ho usa bhAvakI niSpatti hotI hai, jisase manuSyake manase ahaMkAra, vicArahInatA, svArthaparatA evaM pArasparika avizvAsakA unmalana ho jaay| jisa vyaktine kiso-na-kisI rUpameM duHkha aura pIr3A nahIM sahI hai, sahAnubhUti usake hRdaya meM utpanna nahIM ho sakatI hai| duHkha aura pIr3Ake avasAnake bAda eka sthAyo dayAlutA aura prazAntikA hamAre mana meM vAsa ho jAtA hai| vastutaH jo sAmAjika sadasya aneka dizAoM meM pIjhA sahakara paripakvatAko prApta kara letA hai, vaha santoSakA kendra bana jAtA hai aura duHkhI evaM bhagnahRdaya logoMke lie preraNA aura saMvalakA srota bana jAtA hai| sahAnubhUtikI sArvabhaumika AtmabhASAko, manuSyoMkI so bAta hI kyA, pazu bhI naisargikarUpase samajhate aura pasaMda karate haiN| __ svArthaparatA vyaktiko dUsareke hitoMkA vyAdhAta karake apane hitoMkI rakSAkI preraNA karatI hai, para sahAnubhUti apane svArtha aura hitoMkA tyAgakara dusaroMke svArtha aura hitoMkI rakSA karanekI preraNA detI hai| phalasvarUpa sahAnabhatiko samAja-dharma mAnA jAtA hai aura svArthaparatAko adharma | sahAnubhUtimeM nimnalikhita vizeSatAeM samAviSTa haiM: 1. dayAlutA-kSaNika AvezakA tyAga aura prANiyoMke prati dayA-karuNAbuddhi dayAlutAmeM antahita hai| avizvasanIya AvezabhAvanA dayAlutAmeM pari tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 575

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gaNita nahIM hai / kisIkI prazaMsA karanA aura bAdameM use gAliyAM dene laganA nirdayatA hai| yadi dAtA apane dAnakA puraskAra cAhane lagatA hai, to dAna niSphala hai, isIprakAra koI vyakti kisI bAharI preraNAse udAratAkA koI kArya karatA hai aura kucha samayake bAda kisI apriya ghaTanAke kAraNa bAharI prabhAvake vazIbhUta ho viparIta AcaraNa karane lage, to ise bhI caritrakI durbalatA mAnA jAyagA | saccI dayAlutA aparivartanIya hai aura yaha bAharI prabhAvase abhivyakta nahIM kI jA sakatI prANiyoMke daHkhako dekhakara antaHkaraNakA AdeM ho jAnA dayAlatA hai| yaha jIvakA svabhAva hai, isase caritrake saundaryako vRddhi hoto hai aura saumyabhAvako upalabdhi hotI hai| sAmAjika sambandhoMkI rakSAmeM dayAkA pradhAna sthAna hai| 2. udAratA-hRdayako vizAlatAke sAtha isakA sambandha hai / jisa vyaktike paritrameM audArya, dayA, sahAnubhUti Adi guNa pAye jAte haiM, usakA jovana AkarSaNa aura prabhAvayukta ho jAtA hai| caritrakI nocatA aura bhoMDApana ghRNAspada hai / udAratAvaza hI vyakti apane sahavartI janoM ke prati AbhyAtmika aura sAmAjika aikyakA anubhava karate haiM aura apanI upalabdhiyoMkA kucha aMza samAjake maMgala hetu anya sadasyoM ko bhI vitarita kara dete haiN| 3. bhAtA-isa gaNadvArA vyakti niSThuratA aura pAzavika svArthaparatAse dUra rahatA hai / AtmAnuzAsanake abhyAsase isa guNako prApti hotI hai| apanI pAzakki vAsanAoMkA damana aura niyantraNa karanese manuSyake hRdaya meM bhadratA utpanna hotI hai / jisa vyaktimeM isa bhAvakI niSpasi ho jAyago, usake svarameM spaSTatA, dRr3hatA aura vyAmohahInatA A jAtI hai / viparIta ora Apattijanaka paristhitiyoMmeM vaha na udvigna hotA hai aura na kisIse ghRNA hI karatA hai / bhadratAmeM AtmasaMyama, sahiSNutA, vicArazIlatA aura paropakAritA bhI sammilita haiN| ina guNoMke sadbhAvase samAjakA samyak saMcAlana hotA hai tathA samAjake vivAda, kalaha aura visaMvAda samApta ho jAte haiM / 4. antardRSTi-sahAnubhUtike pariNAmasvarUpa samAjake paryavekSaNako kSamatA antardRSTi hai| vAda-vivAdake dvArA vastukA bAhya rUpa hI jJAta ho pAtA hai, para sahAnubhUti antastala taka pahu~ca jAto hai / nizchala prema eka aiso rahasyapUrNa ekAtmIyatA hai, jisake dvArA vyakti eka dUsareke nikaTa pahuMcate haiM aura eka dUsarese suparicita hote haiN| ___ antardaSTiprApta vyaktike pUrvAgraha chUTa jAte haiM, pakSapAsako bhAvanA manase nikala jAtI hai aura samAjake anya sadasyoMke sAtha sahayogako bhAvanA prasphuTisa 576 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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ho jAtI hai| pratidvandvitA, zatrutA, sanAva Adi samApta ho jAte haiM aura samAjake sadasyoMmeM sahAnubhUti ke kAraNa vizvAsa jAgRta ho jAtA hai| ___ saMkSepameM sahAnubhUti aisA samAja-dharma hai, jo vyakti aura samAja ina donoMkA maMgala karatA hai / isa dhamaka AcaraNase samAja-vyavasthAga sudRr3hatA AtI hai| apane samasta doSoM se mukti prAptakara mAnava-samAja ekatAke sUtra meM vaidhatA hai| ahiMsAkA hI rUpAntara sahAnubhUti hai aura ahiMsA hI sarvajIva samabhAvakA Adarza prastuta karatI hai, jisase samAjameM saMgaThana sudRr3ha hotA hai| yadi bhAvanAoM meM krodha, abhimAna, kapaTa, svArtha, rAga-dveSa Adi haiM, to samAjameM mitratAkA AcaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vAstava meM ahiMsA prANIkI saMvedanazIla bhAvanA aura sikA rUpa hai, jo sarvajIva-samabhAvase nirmita hai / samAja-dharmakA samasta bhavana isI sarvajova-samabhAvakI komala bhAvanApara AdhArita hai| ahiMsA yA sahAnubhUti aisA guNa hai, jo carAcara jagatmeM sampUrNa prANiyoMke sAtha maitrIbhAvakI pratiSThA karatA hai| kisoke prati bhI vaira aura virodhakI bhAvanA nahIM rhtii| duHkhiyoMke prati hRdaya meM karuNA utpanna ho jAtI hai| jo kisI dUsareke dvArA AtaMkita haiM, unheM bhI ahiMsaka apane antarakI komala kintu sudRDha bhAvanAoMkI sampati dvArA abhayadAna pradAna karatA hai| usake dvArA saMsArake samasta prANiyoM ke prati samatA, surakSA, vizvAsa evaM sahakAritAko bhAvanA uspanna hotI haiN| anyAya, atyAcAra, zoSaNa, dveSa, balAtkAra, IrSyA Adiko sthAna prApta nahIM rhtaa| yaha smaraNIya hai ki hamAre manake vicAra aura bhAvanAoMkI taraMgeM phailatI haiM, ina taraMgoMmeM yoga aura bala rahatA hai / yadi manameM hiMsAkI bhAvanA prabala hai, to hiMsaka taraMgeM samAjake anya vyaktiyoMko bhI kara, nirdaya aura svArthI bnaayeNgii| ahiMsAkI bhAvanA rahanepara samAjake sadastha sarala, sahayogI aura udAra banate haiM / ataeva samAjadharmako pRSThabhUmimeM ahiMsA yA sahAnubhUtikA rahanA paramAvazyaka hai / sAmAjika naitikatAkA AdhAra : yAtmanirIkSaNa samAja evaM rASTrakI ikAI vyaktike jIvanako svastha----sampanna karaneke lie svArthatyAga evaM vaiyaktika cAritrakI nirmalatA apekSita hai| Aja vyakti meM jo asantoSa aura ghabar3AhaTakI vRddhi ho rahI hai, jisakA kuphala viSamatA aura aparASoMkI bahulatAke rUpameM hai, naitika AcaraNa dvArA hI dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki AcaraNakA sudhAranA hI vyaktikA sudhAra aura AcaraNakA bigar3anA hI vyaktikA bigAr3a hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI devAnA : 577

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pratyeka vyakti apane kAryoMko mana, vacana aura kAya dvArA sampanna karatA hai tathA anya vyaktiyoMse apanA samparka bhI inhoMke dvArA sthApita karatA hai / ye tInoM pravRttiyA~ manuSyako manuSyakA mitra aura ye hI manuSyako manuSyakA zatru bhI banAtI haiN| ina pravRttiyoMke satprayogase vyakti sukha aura zAnti prApta karatA hai tathA samAjake anya sadasyoMke lie sukha-zAntikA mArga prastuta karatA hai, kintu jaba inhIM pravRttiyoMkA durupayoga hone lagatA hai, to vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika donoM hI jIvanoMmeM azAnti mA jAtI hai| vyaktiko svArthamUlaka pravRttiyA~ viSaya- tRSNAko bar3hAnevAlI hotI haiM; manuSya ucita-anucitakA vicAra kiye binA sRSNAko zAnsa karaneke lie jo kucha kara sakatA hai, karatA hai / ataeva jIvanameM niSedhAtmaka yA nivRttimUlaka mAgArakA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / yadyapi nivRttimArgaM AkarSaka aura sukara nahIM hai, to bhI jo isakA ekabAra AsvAdana kara letA hai, use zAzvata aura cirantana zAntikI prApti hotI hai / vidhyAtmaka cAritrakA sambandha zubhapravRttiyoMse hai aura zubhapravRttiyoMse nivRttimUlaka bhI cAsiMga hai| korpita samAjako samRddha evaM pUrNa sukhI banAnA cAhatA hai, use zubhavidhikA hI anusaraNa karanA Avazyaka hai / vyaktike naitika vikAsake lie AtmanirIkSaNapara jora diyA jAtA hai / isa pravRttike binA apane doSoMko ora dRSTipAta karanekA avasara hI nahIM milatA / vastuta: vyaktiko adhikAMza kriyAe~ yantravat hotI haiM, ina kriyAoMmeM kucha kriyAoMkA sambandha zubhake sAtha hai aura kuTakA azubhake sAtha / vyakti na karane yogya kArya bhI kara DAlatA hai aura na kahane lAyaka bAta bhI kaha detA hai tathA na nicAra yogya bAtoMkI ulajhana meM par3akara apanA aura parakA ahita bhI baiThatA hai| para AtmanirIkSaNako pravRtti dvArA apane doSa to dUra kiye hI A sakate haiM tathA apane kartavya aura adhikAroMkA yathArthataH parijJAna bhI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / kara prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki hama dUsaroMkI AlocanA karate haiM aura isa AlocanA dvArA ho apane kartavyakI samApti samajha lete haiM / jisa burAI ke lie hama dUsaroMko kosate haiM, hamameM bhI vahI burAI vartamAna hai, kintu hama usakI ora dRSTipAta bhI nahIM krte| ataH samAja dharmakA ArohaNa karanekI pahalI sIr3hI Atma-nirIkSaNa hai / isake dvArA vyakti ghRNA, dveSa, IrSyA, mAna, mAtsarya prabhUti durguNoMse apanI rakSA karatA hai aura samAjako pramake dharAtala para lAkara use sukhI aura zAnta banAtA hai / AtmanirIkSaNa ke abhAva meM vyaktiko apane doSoM kA parijJAna nahIM hotA 578 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA :

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aura phalasvarUpa vaha ina doSoMko samAjameM bhI Aropita karatA hai, jisase samAja meM bhedabhAva utpanna ho jAte haiM aura zanaiH zanaiH samAja vighaTita hone lagatA hai| samAnadharmakI pahalI sIDI : vicArasamanvaya-udAravRSTi __"muNDe-muNDe matibhinnA" lokoktike anusAra vizvake mAnavoM meM vicArabhinnatAkA rahanA svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki sabakI vicArazailI eka nahIM hai| vicAra-bhinnatA hI matabheda aura vidvaSoMko jananI hai / vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvanameM azAnsikA pramukha kAraNa dinAroMmeM bheda nonA hI hai| vicArabhedake kAraNa vidveSa aura ghUmA bhI utpanna hotI hai| isa vicAra-bhinnatAkA zamana udAradRSTi dvArA hI kiyA jA sakatA hai / udAradRSTikA anya nAma syAdbAda hai| yaha dRSTi hI ApasI masabheda evaM pakSapAtapUrNa notikA unmUlana kara anekatAmeM ekatA, vicAroMmeM udAratA evaM sahiSNutA utpanna karatI hai| yaha vicAra aura kathanako saMkucita, haTha evaM pakSapAtapUrNa na banAkara udAra, niSpakSa aura vizAla banAtI hai| vAstavameM vicAroMkI udAratA ho samAjameM zAnti, sukha aura premakI sthApanA kara sakatI hai| mAja eka vyakti dUsare vyaktise, eka varga dUsare vargase aura eka jAti dasarI jAtise isIlie saMgharSarata hai ki usase bhinna vyakti, varga aura jAtike vicAra unake vicAroMke pratikUla haiM / sAmpradAyikatA aura jAtivAdake nazemeM masta hokara nirmama hatyAeM kI jA rahI haiM aura apanese viparIta vicAravAloMke Upara asaMkhya atyAcAra kiye jA rahe haiN| sAmpradAyikatAke nAmapara parapasparameM saMgharSa aura kleza ho rahe haiN| dharmakI saMkIrNatAke kAraNa sahasroM muka vyaktiyoMko talavArake ghATa utArA jA rahA hai / jalate hue agnikuNDoMmeM jIvita pazuoMko DAlakara svargakA pramANapatra prApta kiyA jA rahA hai| isa prakAra vicArabhinnatAkA bhUta mAnavako rAkSasa banAye hue hai|| udAratAkA siddhAnta kahatA hai ki vicAra-bhinnatA svAbhAvika hai kyoMki pratyeka vyaktike vicAra apanI paristhiti, samajha evaM AvazyakatAke anusAra banate haiN| ata: vicAroMmeM ekatva honA asambhava hai| pratyeka vyaktikA jJAna evaM usake sAdhana sImita haiN| ataH ekasamAna vicAroMkA honA svabhAvaviruddha hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki vastumeM aneka guNa aura paryAya-avasthAeM haiN| pratyeka vyakti apanI zakti evaM yogyatAke anusAra vastukI aneka avasthAmoMmeMse vIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 579

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kisI eka avasthAko dekhatA aura vicAra karatA hai| ata: usakA aikAMgika jJAna usIkI daSTi taka satya hai| anya vyakti usI vastukA abalokana dasare pahalUse karatA hai / ataH usakA jJAna bhI kisI dRSTise ThIka hai| apanI-apanI darzase vastukA vivecana, parIkSaNa aura kathana karane meM sabhIko svatantratA hai| sabhI. kA jJAna vastuke eka guNa yA avasthAko jAnaneke kAraNa aMzAtmaka hai, pUrNa nhiiN| jaise eka hI vyakti kisIkA pitA, kisIkA bhAI, kisIkA putra aura kisIkA bhAganeya eka samayameM raha sakatA hai aura usake bhrAtRtva, pitRtva, putratva evaM bhAganeyatvameM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| usI prakAra saMsArake pratyeka padArthameM eka ho kAlameM vibhinna dRSTiyoMse aneka dharma rahate haiN| ataeva udAranIti dvArA saMsArake pratyeka prANIko apanA mitra samajhakara samAjake sabhI sadasyoMke sAtha udAratA aura premakA vyavahAra karanA apekSita hai| matabhedamAtrase kisIko zatru samajha lenA markhatAke sivAya aura kucha nhiiN| pratyeka bAtapara udArasA aura niSpakSa daSTise vicAra karanA hI samAja meM zAnti sthApita karanekA pramukha sAdhana hai| yadi koI vyakti bhrama yA ajJAnatAvaza kisI bhI prakArakI bhUla kara baiThatA hai, to usa bhUlakA parimArjana premapUrvaka samajhAkara karanA caahie| ___ ahaMvAdI prakRti, jisane vartamAnameM vyaktike jIvana meM bar3appanakI bhAvanAkI parAkASThA kara dI hai, udAranItise hI dUra kI jAsakatI hai| vyakti apaneko bar3A aura anyako choTA tabhI taka samajhatA hai jabataka use vastusvarUpaphA yathArtha bodha nahIM hotaa| apanI hI bAteM satya aura anyakI bAteM jhUThI tabhI taka pratIta hotI haiM jabataka aneka guNaparyAyavAlI vastukA yathArtha bodha nahIM hotaa| udAratA samAjake samasta jhagar3oMko zAnta karane ke lie amogha astra hai| vidhi, niSedha, ubhayAtmaka aura avaktavyarUpa padArthoMkA yathArtha parijJAna saMgharSa aura dvandvoMkA anta karane meM samartha hai| yadyapi vicAra-samanvaya tarka kSetrameM vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai, to kI lokavyavahArameM isakI upayogitA kama nahIM hai / samAjakA koI bhI vyAvahArika kArya vicAroMkI udAratAke binA calatA hI nahIM hai| jo vyakti udAra hai, vahI to anya vyaktiyoMke sAtha mila-jula sakatA hai / yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki satya sApekSa hotA hai, nirapekSa nhiiN| hameM vastuoMke ananta rUpoM yA payoSA meM se eka kAlameM usake eka hI rUpa yA paryAyakA jJAna prApta hotA hai aura kathana bhI kisI eka rUpa yA pArmAyakA ho kiyA jAtA hai| ataeva kathana karate samaya apane dRSTikoNake satya honepara bhI usa kathanako pUrNa satya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki usake atirikta bhI satya avaziSTa rahatA hai| unheM asatya to kahA hI nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki ve vastukA 580 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paragarA

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ho varNana karate haiM / ata: unheM satyAMza kahA jA sakatA hai / ataeva eka vyakti jo kucha kahatA hai vaha bhI satyAMza hai, dUsarA jo kahatA hai vaha bhI satyAMza hai / tIsarA kahatA hai vaha bhI satyAMza hai / isa prakAra agaNita vyaktiyoMke kathana satyAMza hI Thaharate haiN| yadi ina saba satyAMzoM ko milA diyA jAya to pUrNa satya bana sakatA hai| isa pUrNa satyako prApta karane ke lie hameM una satyAMzoM arthAt dUsaroMke dRSTikoNoMke prati udAra, sahiSNu aura samanvayakArI bananA hogA aura yahI satyakA Agraha hai / jabataka hama una satyAMzoM - dUsaroMke dRSTikoNoMke prati anudAra asahiSNu vane raheMge, samanvaya yA sAmaJjasyakI pravRtti hamArI nahIM hogI, hama satyako nahIM prApta kara sakeMge aura na hamArA vyavahAra hI samAjake lie maMgalamaya hogA / virAT satya asaMkhya satyAMzoMko lekara banA hai / una satyAzoMkI upekSA karanese hama kabhI bhI usa virAT satyako nahIM prApta kara sakeMge / ApekSika satyako kahane aura dUsaroMke dRSTikoNameM satya DhU~r3hane evaM unake samanvaya yA sAmaMjasya karanekI paddhati yA zailI udAratA hai / yaha udAratA samAjako sugaThita, suvyavasthita aura samRddha banAne ke lie Avazyaka hai / udAratA satyako DhU~Dhane tathA apanese bhinna dRSTikoNoMke sAtha samajhautA karane kI prakriyA hai / isa prakriyA dvArA manobhUmi vistRta hotI hai aura vyakti satyAMzako upalabdha karatA hai / udAra dRSTikoNa yA samanvayavRtti hI satyako upalabdhi ke lie ekamAtra mArga hai| AMgraha, haTha, dambha aura saMgharSakA anta isIke dvArA sambhava hai / haTha, durAgraha aura pakSapAta aise durgANa hai jo eka vyaktiko dUsare vyaktise samajhautA nahIM karane dete / jaba taka vicAroMmeM udAratA nahIM, apane dRSTikoNako yathArtharUpameM samajhaneko zakti nahIM, taba taka pUrvAgraha lage hI rahate haiM / udAratA yaha samajhane ke lie prerita karatI hai ki kisI bhI padArtha meM aneka rUpa aura guNa hai / hama ina aneka rUpa aura guNoMmeMse kuchako ho jAna pAte haiM / ataH hamArA jJAna eka vizeSa dRSTi taka hI sImita hai / jaba taka hama dUsaroMke vicAroMkA svAgata nahIM kareMge, unameM nihita satyako nahIM pahacAneMge, tabataka hamArI aikAntika haTha kaise dUra ho skegii| udAratA yA vicArasamanvaya vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika gutthiyoMko sulajhAkara samAja meM ekatA aura vaicArika ahiMsA kI pratiSThA karatA hai / samAjadhamakI dUsarI sIhI vizvaprema aura niyantraNa samasta prANiyoMko unnati ke avasaroMmeM samAnatA honA, samAjadhamaMkI dUsarI sIr3hI hai aura isa samAnatAprAptikA sAdhana vizvaprema yA atmaniyantraNa hai / jisa vyakti jIvanameM Atma-niyantraNa samAviSTa ho gayA hai vaha samAja ke tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 581

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sabhI sadasyoMke sAtha bhAIcArekA vyavahAra karatA hai| unake duHkha-darda meM sahAyaka hotA hai| unheM ThIka apane samAna samajhatA hai / honAdhikako bhAvanAkA tyAgakara thamya anya vyaktiyoMkI sukha-suvidhAoMkA bhI dhyAna rakhatA hai| pAkhaNDa aura dhokhebAjokI bhAvanAoMkA anta bhI vizvaprema dvArA sambhava hai| zoSita aura zoSakoMkA jo saMgharSa cala rahA hai, usakA anta vizvaprema aura AtmaniyantraNake binA sambhava nhiiN| vizvapramakI pavitra agnimeM dambha, pAkhaNDa, hiMsA, UMca-nIcako bhAvanA, abhimAna, svArthabuddhi, chala-kapaTa prabhRti samasta bhAvanAeM jalakara chAra bana jAtI hai aura kartavya, ahiMsA, tyAga aura sevAkI bhAvanAeM utpanna ho jAtI haiN| yaha eka aisA siddhAnta hai jo vyakti aura samAjake bIca adhikAra aura kartavyako zRGkhalA sthApita kara sakatA hai| samAja evaM vyaktike ucita saMbaMdhoMkA saMtulana isIke dvArA sthApita ho sakatA hai / vyakti sAmAjika hitakI rakSAke lie apane svArthakA tyAgakara sahayogakI bhAvanAkA prayoga bhI premase hI kara sakatA hai| Aja vyakti aura samAjakai bocakI khAI saMgharSa aura zoSaNake kAraNa gaharI ho gaI hai / isa khAIko icchAoMke niyantraNa aura pramAcaraNa dvArA hI bharA jA sakatA hai| nijI svArthasAdhanake kAraNa agaNita vyakti bhUkhase tar3apa rahe haiM aura asaMkhyAta vinA vastrake ardhanagna ghUma rahe haiN| yadi bhogopabhogakI icchAoMke niyantraNake sAtha AvazyakatAeM bhI sImita ho jAyeM aura vizvapra make jAdUkA prayoga kiyA jAya, to yaha sthiti tatkAla samApta ho sakatI hai| mAnavakA jInA adhikAra hai, kintu dUsareko jIvita rahane denA usakA kartavya hai| ataH apane adhikAroMkI mAMga karanevAleko katrtavyapAlanakI ora sajaga rahanA atyAvazyaka hai| samAja meM vyApta viSamatA, azAnti aura zoSaNakA mUla kAraNa kartavyoMkI upekSA hai| samAjadharmako dUsarI sIr3hI ke lie sahAyaka __ ahiMsAke AdhArapara sahayoga aura sahakAritAko bhAvanA sthApita karanese samAjadharmakI dUsarI sIr3hIko bala prApta hotA hai| samAjakA Arthika evaM rAjanotika DhA~cA lokahitakI bhAvanApara Azrita ho tathA usameM upati aura vikAsake lie sabhIko samAna avasara diye jaayeN| ahiMsAke AdhArapara nirmita samAjameM zoSaNa aura saMgharSa raha nahIM sakate 1 ahiMsA hI eka aisA zastra hai jisake dvArA binA eka bU~nda rakta bahAye vargahIna samAjako sthApanA kI jA 582 : tIpaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArya paramparA

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sakatI hai / yadyapi kucha loga ahiMsAke dvArA nirmita samAjako Adarza yA kalpanAkI vastu mAnate haiM, para yathArthasaH yaha samAja kAlpanika nahIM, pratyuta vyAvahArika hogA / yataH ahiMsAkA lakSya yahI hai ki agaMbheda yA jAtibhedase Upara uThakara samAjakA pratyeka sadasya anyake sAtha ziSTatA aura mAnavatAkA vyavahAra kare | chalakapaTa yA inase honevAlI chInAjhapaTI ahiMsAke dvArA hI dUra kI jA sakatI hai / yaha sunizcita hai ki balaprayoga yA hiMsA ke AdhArapara mAnavIya saMbaMdhoM ko dIvAra khar3I nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| isake lie sahAnubhUti, pra ema, sauhArda, tyAga, sevA evaM dayA Adi ahiMsaka bhAvanAoMko AvazyakatA hai / vastutaH ahiMsA meM aisI adbhuta zakti hai jo Arthika, sAmAjika aura rAjanautika samasyAoM ko saralatApUrvaka sulajhA sakatI hai / samAjadhamaMkI dUsarI sIr3hIpara car3hanake lie lokahitakI bhAvanA sahAyaka kAraNa hai| samAjako jarjarita karanevAlI kAle-gore, U~ca-nIca aura chuA-chUtakI bhAvanAko prazraya denA samAjadharmakI upekSA karanA hai| janmase na koI UMcA hotA hai aura na koI nocA janmanA jAtivyavasthA svIkRta nahIM kI jA sakatI / manuSya jaisA AcaraNa karatA hai, usIke anukUla usako jAti ho jAtI hai / durAcAra karanevAle cora aura Daketa jAsyA brAhmaNa honepara bho zUdrase adhika nahIM hai| jina vyaktiyoM ke hRdaya meM karuNA, dayA, mamatAkA ajastra pravAha samAviSTa hai, aise vyakti samAjako unnata banAte hai, jAti- ahaMkArakA viSa manuSyako ardhata kiye hue haiM / ataH isa viSakA tyAga atyAvazyaka hai / jisa vyaktikA naitika stara jitanA ho samAjake anukUla hogA vaha utanA hI samAja meM unnata mAnA jAyagA, kintu sthAna usakA bhI sAmAjika sadasya hone ke nAte vahI hogA, jo anya sadasyoMkA hai| dalitavarga ke zoSaNa, jAti aura dharmavAdake durabhimAnako mahasva denA mAnavatA ke lie abhizApa hai / jo samAjako sugaThita aura suvyavasthita banAne ke icchuka haiM, unheM Atma-niyantraNa kara jAtivAda, dharmavAda, vargavAdako prazraya nahIM denA caahie| samAjadharmakI sosarI sor3hI : Arthika santulana samAjakI sArI vyavasthAe~ arthamUlaka haiM aura isa arthake lie hI saMgharSa ho rahA hai| vyakti, samAja yA rASTrake pAsa jitanI sampatti bar3ha jAtI hai vaha vyakti, samAja yA rASTra utanA hI asantoSakA anubhava karatA rahatA hai / ataH ghanAbhAvajanya jitanI azAnti hai, usase bhI kahIM adhika dhanake sadbhAvase hai / azAntikA sabala kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, para vizvakI sampattiko bAMTa denese nahIM sulaka ghanake asamAna vitaraNako yaha asamAna vitaraNako samasyA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 583

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sakatI hai| isake samAdhAnake kAraNa aparigraha aura saMyamavAda haiM / ye donoM saMvidhAna samAjameMse zoSita aura zoSaka vargakI samApti kara Arthika dRSTise samAjako unnata starapara lAte haiN| jo vyakti samasta samAjake svArthako dhyAnameM rakhakara apano pravRtti karatA hai vaha samAjakI Arthika vipamatAko dUra karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yadi vicArakara dekhA jAya to parigrahaparimANa aura bhogopabhogaparimANa aise niyama haiM, jinase samAjako Arthika samasyA sulazna sakatA hai| isa kAraNa samAjadharmakI tIsarI sor3ho Arthika santulanako mAnA gayA hai| svArtha aura bhogalipsAkA tyAga isa tIsarI sor3hIpara car3hanekA AdhAra hai| parigrahaparimANa : Arthika saMyamana ___ apane yoga-kSemave lAyaka bharaNa-poSaNako bastuoM ko gaNa karanA tathA parizrama kara jIvana yApana karanA, anyAya aura atyAcAra dvArA dhanakara saMcaya na karamA parigraharimAga yA vyAvahArika aparigraha hai| dhana, dhAnya, rupayA-paisA, sonA-cAMdo, strI-putra prabhUti padArthoM meM 'ye mere haiM, isa prakArake mamatvapariNAmako parimaha kahate haiN| isa mamatva yA lAlasAko ghaTAkara una vastuoMke saMgrahako kama karavA parigrahaparimANa hai / bAhyavastu-rupaye-paisoMkI apekSA antaraMga tRSNA yA lAlasAko bizepa mahattva prApta hai, kyoMki tRSNAke rahane se dhanika bhI Akula rahatA hai| vastutaH dhana AkulatAkA kAraNa nahIM hai, AkulatAkA kAraNa hai tRSNA / saMvayavRtti ke rahanepara vyakti nyAya-anyAya evaM yukta-ayuktakA vicAra nahIM krtaa| isa samaya saMsArama dhanasaMcayake hetu vyartha hI itanI adhika hAya-hAya macI huI hai ki saMtoSa aura zAnti nAmamAtrako bhA nahIM / vizvake samajhadAra vizeSajJoMne dhanasampattike baTavAreke lie aneka niyama banAye hai, para unakA pAlana Ajataka nahIM ho sakA / aniyantrita icchAoMko tRpti vizvako samasta sampattike mila jAnepara bhI nahI ho sakatI hai| AzArUpI gaDDheko bharane meM saMsArakA sArA vaibhava aNuke samAna hai / ata: icchAoMke niyantraNake lie parigrahaparimANake sAtha bhogopabhogaparimANakA vidhAna bhI Avazyaka hai | samaya, paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNake anusAra vastra, AbharaNa, bhojana, tAmbala Adi bhogopabhogakI vastuoMke saMbaMdha bhI ucita niyama kara lenA Avazyaka hai| ukta donoM vratoM yA niyamoMke samanvayakA abhiprAya samasta mAnava-samAjako Arthika vyavasthAko unnata banAnA hai| canda vyaktiyoMko isa bAtakA koI adhikAra nahIM ki ve zoSaNa kara Arthika dRSTise samAjameM viSamatA utpanna kreN| 584 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako bAcArya-paramparA

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itanA sunizcita hai ki samasta manuSyoMmeM unnati karaneko zakti eka-sI na honeke kAraNa samAjameM Arthika dRSTise samAnatA sthApita honA kaThina hai, to bhI samasta mAnava-samAjako laukika unnatike samAna avasara evaM apanI-apanI zaktike anusAra svatantratAkA milanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki parigrahaparimANa aura bhogopabhogaparimANakA ekamAtra lakSya samAjakI Arthika viSamatAko dUra kara sukhI banAnA hai / yaha pUMjIvAdakA virodhI siddhAnta hai aura eka sthAna para dhana saMcita honeko vRttikA nirodha karatA hai / parigrahaparimANakA kSetra vyaktitaka ho sImita nahIM hai, pratyuta samAja, deza, rASTra evaM vizvake lie bhI usakA upayoga AvazAka hai / saMyamavAda vyaktikI aniyantrita icchAoMko niyantrita karatA hai / yaha hiMsA jhUTha, corI, durAcAra Adiko rokatA hai| parigrahake do bheda haiM-bAhyaparigraha aura antaraMgaparigraha / bAhmaparigrahameM dhana, bhUmi, anna, vastra Adi vastueM parigaNita haiN| inake saMcayase samAjako Arthika viSamatAjanya kaSTa bhoganA par3atA hai| ataH zramArjita yoga-kSemake yogya dhana brahaNa karanA cAhiye / nyAyapUrvaka bharaNa-poSaNakI vastuoMke grahaNa karanese dhana saMcita nahIM ho pAtA / ataeva samAjako samAnarUpase sukhI, samaddha aura sugaThita banAneke hetu dhanakA saMcaya na karanA Avazyaka hai| yadi samAjakA pratyeka sadasya zramapUrvaka AjIvikAkA arjana kare, anyAya aura beImAnokA tyAga kara de, so samAjake anya sadasyoMko bhI AvazyakatAko vastuoMkI kabhI kamI nahIM ho sakatI hai| AbhyantaraparigrahameM kAma, krodha, moha, lobha Adi bhAvanAeM zAmila haiM / vastutaH saMcayazIla buddhi-taSNA arthAta asaMtoSa ho antaraMgaparigraha hai| yadi bAhmaparigraha chor3a bhI diyA jAya, aura mamatvabuddhi banI rahe, to samAjakI chInA-jhapaTI dUra nahIM ho sktii| dhanake samAna vitaraNa honepara bhI, jo buddhimAna haiM, ve apanI yogyatAse dhana ekatra kara hI leMge aura samAjameM viSamatA banI ho raha jAyagI / isI kAraNa lobha, mAyA, krodha Adi mAnavIya vikAroMke tyAganekA mahattva hai| aparigraha vaha siddhAnta hai, jo pUjI aura jIvanopayogI anya Avazyaka vastuoMke anucita saMgrahako roka kara zopaNako banda karatA hai aura samAjameM Arthika samAnatAkA pracAra karatA hai| ataeva saMcayazIla vRttikA niyantraNa parama Avazyaka hai| yaha vRtti hI pUjIvAdakA mUla hai| tIsarI soDhokA poSaka : saMyamavAda saMsAramaM sampatti evaM bhogapabhogako sAmagrI kama hai| bhoganevAle adhika haiM aura tRSNA isase bhI jyAdA hai / isI kAraNa prANiyoMmeM matsyanyAya calatA hai, irthikara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 585

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chInA-jhapaTI calatI hai aura calatA hai saMgharSa / phalataH nAnA prakArake atyAcAra aura sarala hote haiM, jinase hami mAsti banAtI hai / parasparameM IrSyA-veSakI mAtrA aura bhI adhika bar3ha jAtI hai, jisase eka vyakti dUsare vyaktiko Arthika unnatike avasara hI nahIM milane detaa| pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki saMgharSa aura azAntiko zAkhAe~ bar3hakara viSamatArUpo halAhalako utpanna karatI haiN| ___ isa viSako ekamAtra auSadha saMyamavAda hai| yadi pratyeka vyakti apanI icchAoM, kaSAyoM aura vAsanAoM para niyantraNa rakhakara chocA-jhapaTIko TUra kara de, so samAjase Arthika viSamatA avazya dUra ho jAya / aura mabhI sadasya zArIripha AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti nirAkularUpase kara sakate haiM / yaha avismaraNIya hai ki Arthika samasyAkA samAdhAna naitikatAke vinA sambhava nahIM haiN| naitika maryAdAoMkA pAlana ho Arthika sAdhanoMmeM samIkaraNa sthApita kara sakatA hai| jo kevala bhautikavAdakA Azraya lekara jIvanakI samasyAoMko surazAnA cAhate haiM, ve andhakArameM haiM / AdhyAtmikatA aura naitikatAke abhAvameM Arthika samasyAe~ sulama nahIM sakatA hai| ___ saMghamaphe bheda aura unakA vizleSaNa-saMyamake do bheda haiM-(1) indriyasaMyama aura (2) prANisaMyama / sayamakA mAlanevAlA apane jIvana nirvAhaka hetu kama-sekama sAmagrIkA upayoga karatA hai, jisase avaziSTa sAmano anya logoM ko kAma AtI hai aura saMgharSa kama hotA hai| viSamatA dUra hotI hai| yadi eka manuSya adhika sAmagrIkA upabhoga kare, to dUsaroMke liye sAmagrI kama par3egI tathA zoSaNakA Arambha yahIse ho jAyagA / samAjameM yadi vastuoMkA manamAnA upabhoga loga karate raheM, saMyamakA aMkuza apane Upara na rakheM, to varga-saMgharSa calatA hI rhegaa| ataeva Arthika vaiSamyako dUra karane ke liye icchAoM aura lAlasAoMkA niyaMtrita karanA parama Avazyaka hai tabhI samAja sukhI aura samRddhizAlI bana skegaa| anya prANiyoMko kiMcit bhI duHkha na denA prANisaMyama hai / arthAt vizvake samasta prANiyoMkI sukha-suvidhAoMkA pUrA-pUrA dhyAna rakhakara apanI pravRtti karanA, samAjake prati apane kartavyako sucArUrUpase sampAdita karanA evaM vyaktigata svArthabhAvanAko tyAga kara samasta prANiyoM ke kalyANako bhAvanAse apane pratyeka kAryako karanA prANi saMyama hai| itanA dhra va satya hai ki jaba-taka samartha loga saMyama pAlana nahIM kareMge, taba taka nirbaloMko peTa bhara bhojana nahIM mila sakegA aura na samAjakA rahana-sahana hI U~cA ho skegaa| Atmazuddhike sAtha sAmAjika, Arthika vyavasthAko sudRr3ha karanA aura zAsita evaM zAsaka yA zoSita evaM zoSaka ina vargabhedoMko samApta karanA bhI prANisaMyamakA lakSya hai| 586 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI prAcArma-paramparA

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utpAdana aura vitaraNajanya Arthika viSamatAkA santulana bhI aparigrahadAda aura saMyamavAdadvArA dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai | Aja utpAdanake Upara eka jAti, samAja yA vyaktikA ekAdhikAra honese use kacce mAlakA saMcaya karanA par3atA hai tathA taiyAra kiye gaye pakke mAlako khapAneke lie vizvake kisI bhI koneke bAjArapara vaha apanA ekAdhikAra sthApita kara zoSaNa karatA hai / isa zoSaNa se Aja samAja karAha rahA hai / samAjakA hara vyakti trasta hai | kisIko bhI zAnti nahIM | svArthaparatAne samAjake ghaTaka vyaktiyoMko itanA saMkIrNa banA diyA hai, jisase ve apane hI AnandameM magna haiM / ataeva icjAoko niyaMtrita kara jovanameM saMyamakA AcaraNa karanA parama Avazyaka hai / samAjadharmakI cautho sor3hI: ahiMsAkI virAT bhAvanA samAja meM saMgharSakA honA svAbhAvika hai, para isa saMgharSako kaise dUra kiyA jAya, yaha atyanta vicAraNIya hai / jisa prakAra pazuvagaM apane saMgharSakA sAmanA pazubalase karatA hai, kyA usI prakAra manuSya bhI zaktike prayoga dvArA saMgharSakA pratikAra kare ? yadi manuSya bhI pazubalakA prayoga karane lage, to phira usakI manuSyatA kyA rahegI ? ataH manuSyako ucita hai ki yaha viveka aura ziSTatA ke sAtha mAnavocita vidhikA prayoga kare / vastutaH atyAcArIko icchAke viruddha apane sAre Atmabalako lagA denA hI saMgharSakA anta karanA hai, yahI ahiMsA hai | ahisA hI anyAya aura atyAcArase dona durbaloMko bacA sakatI hai / yaho vizva ke liye sukha-zAnti pradAyaka hai| yahI saMsArakA kalyANa karane vAlI hai, yahI mAnavakA saccA dharma hai aura yahI hai mAnavatAkI saccI kasauTI | mAnavakI yaha vikArajanya pravRtti hai ki vaha hiMsAkA uttara hiMsAse jhaTa de detA hai / yaha balavAna balavAnakI lar3AI hai| samAja meM sabhI to balavAna nahIM hote / ataH kamajoroM kI rakSA aura unake adhikAroMkI prApti ahiMsAdvArA hI sambhava hai | yaha nirbala, sabala, dhanI, nirdhana, rAkSasa aura manuSya sabhIkA sahArA hai / yaha vaha sAdhana hai, jisake prayoga dvArA hiMsAke samasta upakaraNa vyartha siddha ho jAte haiM / pazubalako parAjita kara Atmabala apanA nayA prakAza sarvasAdhAraNako pradAna karatA hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki hiMsA vizvameM pUrNa zAnti sthApita karanemeM sabaMdhA asamartha hai / pratyeka prANIkA yaha janmasiddha adhikAra hai ki vaha ArAmase khAye aura jIvana yApana kare / svayaM 'jIo aura dUsaroMko jIne do', yaha siddhAnta samAja ke liye sarvadA upayogI hai / para Aja kA manuSya svArtha aura adhikArake vazIbhUta ho vaha svayaM to jIvita rahanA cAhatA hai kintu dUsaroMke tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 587

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P jIvanako raMcamAtra bhI paravAha nahIM karatA hai / AjakA vyakti cAhatA hai ki maiM acche se acchA mojana karU~, acchI savArI mujhe mile| rahane ke liye acchA bhavya prAsAda ho tathA merI AlamArI meM sone-cAMdIkA Dhera lagA rahe cAhe anya logoMke liye khAneko sUkhI roTiyA~ bhI na mileM, tana Dhakaneko phaTe- cithar3e bhI na hoN| mere bhoga-vilAsake nimitta saikar3oMke prANa jAyeM, to mujhe kyA ? isaprakAra hama dekhate haiM ki ye bhAvanAeM kevala vyaktiko hI nahIM, kintu samasta samAjako haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki samAjakA pratyeka sadasya duHkho hai / avizvAsakI tovra bhAvanA anya vyaktiyoMkA galA ghoMTaneke liye prerita kiye hue hai / adhikArApaharaNa aura kartavya- avahelanA samAjameM sarvatra vyApta haiM / nirakuMza aura ucchRMkhala bhogavRtti mAnavako buddhikA apahaNa kara usakA pazutAkI ora pratyAvartana kara rahI hai / sukhakI kalpanA svArtha sAdhana aura vAsanA pUtimeM parisImita ho samAjako azAnta banAye hue hai| hiMsA pratihiMsA vyakti aura rASTrake jovanameM anivArya sI ho gayI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki samAjakA pratyeka sadasya Aja duHkhI hai / manuSya meM do prakArakA bala hotA hai - (1) AdhyAtmika aura (2) zArIrika / ahiMsA manuSyako AdhyAti taka pradAna karatI hai| eya, dayA, vinaya prabhRti AcaraNa ahiMsA ke rUpa haiM / kaSTa yA vipattike A jAne para use samabhAva se sahanA, hAya hAya nahIM karanA, cittavRttiyoko saMyamita karanA evaM saba prakArase kaSTasahiSNu bananA ahiMsA hai aura hai yaha Atmabala / yaha vaha zakti hai, jisake prakaTa ho jAne para vyakti aura samAja kaSToMke pahAr3oMko bhI cUra-cUra kara DAlate haiN| kSamAzIla bana jAne para virodha yA pratizodhako bhAvanA samAjameM raha nahIM pAtIM / ataeva ahiMsaka AcaraNakA artha hai manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA prANImAtra meM sadbhAvanA aura prema rakhanA / ahiMsAmeM tyAga hai, bhoga nahIM / jahA~ rAga-dveSa hai, vahA~ hiMsA avazya hai / ataH samAjadharma cauthI sIr3hI para car3haneke liye Atmazodhana yA ahiMsaka bhAvanA atyAvazyaka hai / vyaktikA ahiMsaka AcaraNa hI samAjako nirbhaya, vIra evaM sahiSNu banAtA hai / samAja kI pAMcavIM sor3hI: satya yA kUTanItityAga kUTanIti aura bolA ye donoM hI samAja meM azAnti - utpAdaka haiM / satya meM vaha zakti hai, jisase kUTanItijanya azAntikI jvAlA zAnta ho sakatI hai / dUsareko kaSTa pahu~cAne ke uddezyase kaTu vacana bolanA yA apriya bhASaNa karanA mithyA bhASaNake anna hai / 588 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA ;

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yaha smaraNIya hai ki sattA aura dhokhA ye donoM hI samAjake akalyANakAraka hai| ina donoMkA janA jhaThase hotA hai| jhaThA vyakti AtmavaMcanA to karatA hI hai, kintu samAjako bhI jarita kara detA hai| prAya: dekhA jAtA hai ki mithyA bhASaNakA Aram: svArthako bhAvanAse hotA hai| satmihitavAdazI bhAvanA asatyabhASaNa meM bAdhA hai| svacchandatA, ghRNA, pratizodha jaisI bhAvanAeM asatyabhASaNase ho utpanna hotI haiM, kyoMki mAnava samAjakA samasta vyavahAra vacanoMse calatA hai| bacoga doSa A jAnero samAjakI apAra kSati hotI haiN| lokameM prasiddhi bhI hai ki yo jihvAmeM viSa aura amRta donoM haiM / samAjako unnata stara para lejAnevAle ahiMsaka vana amRta aura samAjako hAni pahuMcAnevAle vacana viSa haiN| kola mASaNa karanA, nindA yA cugalI karanA, kaThora vacana bolanA aura ha~sI-majAka kAnA rAmAja-hitameM bAdhaka haiN| chedana, bhedana, gAraNa, zoSaNa, apaharaNa aura tAr3ana sambandhoM vacana bhI hisaka honeke kAraNa samAjako zAntimeM bAdhaka haiN| avizvAsa, bhayakAraka, khedajanaka, santApakAraka apriya vacana bhI samAjako vighaTita karate haiN| ataeva samAjako sugaThita, sambaddha aura priya vyavahAra karanevAlA banAneke hetu satya vacana atyAvazyaka hai| bhogasAmagrIkI bahulatAke hetu jo vacanoMkA asaMyamita vyavahAra kiyA AtA hai, vaha bhI adhikAra aura kartavapake santulanakA vighAtaka hai| samAjameM saccI zAnti, satya vyavahAra dvArA hI utpanna kI jA sakatI hai aura isIprakArakA vyavahAra jIvana meM ImAnadArI aura saccAI utpanna kara sakatA hai / sAdhAraNa paristhitiyoM ke bIca vyaktikA vikAsa ahiMsaka vacanavyavahAra dvArA sambhava hotA hai| yaha samasta manuSyasamAja eka bRhat parivAra hai aura isa vRhat parivArakA santulana sAdhana aura sAdhyake sAmaMjasya para hI pratiSThita hai / jo naitikatA, ahiMsA aura satyako jIvana meM apanAtA hai, vaha samAjako sUkhI aura zAnta banAtA hai| AtmavikAsake sAtha samAjavikAsakA pUrA sambandha jur3A huA hai / mithyA mAnyatAe~, dharmake saMkalpavikalpa, kriyA kANDa evaM dhArmika sampradAyoMke vibhinna prakAra Adi sabhI sAmAjika jIvanako gatividhimeM bAdhaka haiN| andhazraddhA aura mithyA vizvAsoMkA nirAkaraNa bhI samAjadharmakI isa pAMcavIM sor3hIpara car3hanese hotA hai / anukampA, karuNA aura sahAnubhUtikA kriyAtmaka vikAsa bhI satyavyavahAra dvArA sambhava hai / jIvanake tanAva, kuNThAe~, saMgravRtti, svArthaparatA AdikA ekamAtra nidAna ahiMsaka vacana hI hai| samAjadharmakI chaThI sodI : asteya-bhAvanA asteyakI bhAvanA samAjake sadasyoMke hRdayameM anya vyakyioMke adhikAroM ke vIrSakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 589

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lie svAbhAvika sammAna jAgRta karato hai / isakA vAstavika rahasya yaha hai ki dasareke adhikAroMpara hastakSepa karanA ucita nahIM, balki pratyeka avasthAmeM sAmAjika yA rASTrIya hisakI bhAvanAko dhyAnameM rakhakara apane kartavyakA pAlana karanA mAvazyaka hai / yaha bhUlanA na hogA ki adhikAra vaha sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa hai, jo vyaktitvakI vRddhike lie Avazyaka aura sahAyaka hotA hai| hai / yadi isakA durupayoga kiyA jAya to samAjakA vinAza avazyambhAvI ho jAya / asteya-bhAvanA ekAdhikArakA virodhakara samasta samAjake adhikAroMko surakSita rakhane para jora detI hai| yaha avismaraNIya hai ki vaiyaktika jIvanameM jo adhikAra aura kartavya eka dusareke Azrita haiM ve eka hI vastuke do rUpa hai / jaba vyakti anyakI suvidhAoMkA khyAlakara adhikArakA upayoga karatA hai, to vaha adhikAra samAjake anuzAsanameM hitakara bana kartavya bana jAtA hai. aura jaba kevala vaiyaktika svatva rakSAke lie usakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai, to usa samaya adhikAra adhikAra hI raha jAtA hai| yadi koI vyakti apane adhikAroMpara jora de aura anyake adhikAroMkI avahelanA kare, to use kisI bhI adhikArako prApta karane kA haka nahIM hai / adhi. kAra aura katrtavyake ucita jJAnakA prayoga karanA ho sAmAjika jIvanake vikAsakA mArga hai / acauryako bhAvanA isa samanvayako ora hI iMgita karatI hai| manuSyako AvazyakatAeM bar3hatI jA rahI haiM, jinake phalasvarUpa zoSaNa aura saMcayavRtti samAjameM asamAnatA utpanna kara rahI hai | vyaktikA dhyAna apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti taka hI hai| vaha ucita aura anucita DhaMgase dhanasaMcaya kara apanI kAmanAoMko pUrti kara rahA hai, jisase vizvameM azAnti hai / asteyakI bhAvanA uttarottara AvazyakatAoMko kama karatI hai| yadi isa bhAvanAkA pracAra vizva meM ho jAya, to anucita DhaMgase dhanArjanake sAdhana samApta hokara saMsArako garIbI miTa sakatI hai| samAjameM zArIrika corI jitanI ko jA sakatI hai usase kahIM adhika mAnasika / dUsaroMkI accho vastuoMko dekhakara jo hamArA mana lalacA jAtA hai yA hamAre mana meM unake pAneko icchA ho jAtI hai, yaha mAnasika corI hai| dravyacorIko apekSA bhAvacorokA tyAga anivArya hai, kyoMki bhAvanAeM hI dravyacorI karAne meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| bhojana, vastra aura nivAsa Adi Arambhika zArIrika AvazyakatAoMse adhika saMgraha karanA bhI corImeM sammilita hai / yadi samAjakA eka vyakti AvazyakatAse adhika rakhane laga jAya, to svAbhAvika hI hai ki dUsaroMko vastueM AvazyakatApUtike lie bhI nahIM mila sakeMgo / 59. : tIthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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yadi do jor3I kapar3oM ke sthAnapara yadi koI cArA jor3o kapar3e rakhane laga jAya, to isase use dusare caubIsa vyaktiyoMko vastrahona karanA pdd'egaa| ata: kisI bhI vastukA sImita AvazyakatAse adhika saMcaya samAja-hitako dRSTise anu. cita hai| sastA samajhakara coroMke dvArA lAI gaI vastuoMko kharIdanA, corIkA mArga batalAnA, anajAna vyaktiyoMse adhika mUlya lenA, adhika mUlyakI vastuoM meM kama mUlyavAlI vastuoMko milAkara becanA corI hai| prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki dUdha becanevAle vyakti dUdhameM pAnI DAlakara becate haiM / kapar3A dhoneke sor3emeM cUnA milAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra anya khAdyasAmagriyoM meM lobhavaza azuddha aura kama mUlya ke padArtha milAkara becanA nitAnta varNya hai / samAjadharmakI sAtavIM sIr3hI : bhogavAsanA-niyantraNa yo to ahiMsaka AcaraNake antargata samAjopayogI sabhI niyantraNa sammi lita ho jAte hai, para spaSTarUpase vicAra karaneke hetu vAsanA-niyantraNa yA brahmacarya bhAvanAkA vizleSaNa Avazyaka hai| yaha AtmAko Antarika zakti hai aura isake dvArA sAmAjika kSamatAoMkI vRddhi kI jAtI hai / vAstavameM brahmacaryakI sAdhanA vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika donoM hI jIvanoMke lie eka upayogI kalA hai| yaha AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahArako badalaneko sAdhamA hai| isake dvArA jIvana sundara, sundarasara aura sundaratama banatA hai / zArIrika saundaryakI apekSA AcaraNakA yaha saundarya sahasraguNA zreSTha hai| yaha kevala vyakti ke jIvana ke lie hI sukhaprada nahIM, apitu samAjake koTi-koTi mAnavoMke lie upAdeya hai / ___ AcaraNa vyaktikI zreSThatA aura nikRSTatAkA mApaka yantra hai ! isIke dvArA jIvanakI uccatA aura usake uccatama rahana-sahanake sAdhana abhivyakta hote haiN| manuSyake AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahArase bar3hakara koI dUsarA pramANapatra nahIM, hai, jo usake jIvanako saccAIko pramANita kara ske| AcaraNakA patana jIvanakA patana hai aura AcaraNako uccatA jIvanako uccatA hai| yadi rUr3hivAdavaza kisI vyaktikA janma nIcakulameM mAna bhI liyA jAya, to itane mAtrase vaha apavitra nahIM mAnA A sktaa| patita vaha hai jisakA AcAra-vicAra nikRSTa hai aura jo dina-rAta bhoga-vAsanAmeM DUbA rahatA hai / jo kRtrima vilAsitAke sAdhanoMkA upayogakara apane saundaryako . kRtrimarUpameM vRddhi karanA cAhate haiM unake jIvana meM vilAsitA to bar3hatI hI hai, kAmavikAra bhI uddIpta hote haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa samAja bhotara-hI-bhItara khokhalA hotA jAtA hai| topakara mahAvIra baura unako dezanA : 591

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jo vAsanAoMke pravAha meM bahakara bhogoMmeM apaneko duvA detA hai, vaha vyakti samAja ke lie bhI abhizApa bana jAtA hai| mogAdhikyase roga utpanna hote haiM, kArya karanekI kSamatA ghaTatI hai aura samAjakI nIva khokhalI hotI hai / ataeva sAmAjika vikAsa ke lie vAsanAoMko niyaMtrita kara brahmacaryaM yA svadA rasantoSakI bhAvanA atyAvazyaka hai / brahmacaryaM sAdhanA ke do rUpa sambhava haiM - (1) vAsanAoMpara pUrNa niyantraNa aura (2) vAsanAoMkA kendrIkaraNa / samAjake bIca gArhasthika jIvana vyatIta karate hue vAsanAoM para pUrNa niyantraNa to sabake lie sambhava nahIM, para unakA kendrIkaraNa sabhI sadasyoMke lie Avazyaka hai / kendrIkaraNakA artha vivAhita jIvana vyatIta karate hue samAjakI anya striyoMko mAtA, bahina aura putrIke samAna samajhakara vizvavyApI premakA rUpa prastuta karanA / yahA~ yaha vizeSarUpase vicAraNIva hai ki apanI patnIko bhI aniyantrita kAmAcArakA kendra banAnA vratase cyUta hotA hai / ekapatnIyatakA Adarza isIlie prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki jo AdhyAtmika samtoSa dvaar| apanI vAsanAko nahIM jIta sakate ve svapatnI ke hI sAtha niyantritarUpase kAma- rogako zAnta kareM / AdhyAtmika aura zArIrika svAsthya kI vRddhike lie icchAoM para niyantraNa rakhanA paramAvazyaka hai| sAmAjika aura Atmika vikAsakI dRSTise brahmacarya zabdakA artha ho AtmAkA AcaraNa hai | ataH kevala jananendriya saMbaMdhI viSayavikAroMko rokanA pUrNa brahmacarya nahIM hai / jo anya indriyoMke viSayoMke adhIna hokara kevala jananendriyasaMbaMdhI viSayoMke rokanekA prayatna karatA hai, usakA vaha prayatna vAyukI bhIta hotA hai / kAnase kArakI bAteM sunanA, netroMse vikAra utpanna karanevAlI vastue~ dekhanA, jihvA se vikArottejaka padArthoMkA AsvAdana karanA aura ghrANase vikAra utpanna karanevAle padArthoM ko sUMghanA brahmacarya ke lie to bAghaka hai ho, para samAja hitakI dRSTise bho hAnikara hai | mithyA AhAra-vihArase samAja meM vikRti utpanna hoto hai, jisase samAja avyavasthita ho jAtA hai / sAmAjika azAntikA eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa indriyasaMbaMdhI anucita AvazyakatAoMkI vRddhi hai / abhakSya bhakSaNa bhI isI indriyakI capalatAkai kAraNa vyakti karatA hai / vastutaH sAmAjika dRSTile brahmacarya - bhAvanAkA rahasya adhikAra aura karttavya ke prati Adara bhAvanA jAgRta karanA hai| naitikatA aura balaprayoga ye donoM virodhI haiN| brahmacarya kI bhAvanA svanirIkSaNa para jora detI hai, jisake dvArA naitika jIvanakA Arambha hotA hai / sAmAjika aura rASTrIya jIvana meM saMgaThana-zakti kI jAgRti bhI isIke dvArA hotI hai / saMyamake abhAva meM samAjakI vyavasthA sucArU rUpa se nahIM kI jA sakatI / yataH sAmAjika jobanakA AdhAra naitikatA hai / prAyaH 592 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI bAcArya - paramparA

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dekhA jAtA hai ki saMsArameM chInA-jhapaToko do hI vastueM haiM--1. kAminI aura 2. kaJcana / jabataka ina donoMke prati Antarika saMyamakI bhAvanA utpanna nahIM hogI, tabataka samAjameM zAnti sthApita nahIM hogI / abhiprAya yaha hai ki jIvana nirvAha-zArIrika AvazyakatAoMkI pUtike hetu apane citta hissese adhika aindriyika sAmagrIkA upayoga na karanA sAmAjika brahmabhAvanA hai| AdhyAtma-samAjavAda samAjavAda zoSaNako rokakara vaiyaktika sampattikA niyantraNa karatA hai / yaha utpAdanake sAdhana aura vastuoMke vitaraNapara samAjakA adhikAra sthApita kara samasta samAjake sadasyoMko samatA pradAna karatA hai| pratyeka vyaktiko jIvitta rahane aura khAne-pInekA adhikAra hai tathA samAjako, vyaktiko kArya dekara usase zrama karA lenA aura AvazyakatAnusAra vastuoM kI vyavasthA kara denA apekSita hai / sampatti samAjakI samasta zaktiyoMkI upaja hai| usameM sAmAjika zaktikI apekSA, vaiyaktika thamako bhI kama mahattva prApta nahIM hai / sampatti sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoMpara AdhArita hai / ataeva sampattike hakoMkI bhI utpatti sAmAjika rUpase hotI hai| yadi sArA samAja sahayoga na de, to kisI bhI prakArakA utpAdana sambhava nahIM hai / sAmAjika AvazyakatA vyakti kI AvazyakatAe~ haiM / ataeva vyaktiko apanI-apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke sAtha sAmAjika AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti ke lie saceSTa rahanA caahie| pratyeka vyaktiko usa sImAtaka vastuoM para adhikAra karane kA haka hai, jahA~ taka use apaneko pUrNa banAne meM sahAyatA milatI hai| usakI bhUkha, pyAsa Adi una prAthamika AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti anivArya hai, jinakI pUtike abhAvameM vaha apane vyaktitvakA vikAsa nahIM kara paataa| usa vyaktiko jovanopayogI sAmagrI prApta karane kA koI adhikAra nahIM, jo jIneke lie kAma nahIM karatA hai| dUsarekI kamAIpara jIvita rahanA anaitikatA hai / jinako sampatti dUsaroMke thamakA phala hai, ve rAmAjake zramabhogI sadasya haiN| una vastuoMke upabhogakA unheM koI adhikAra nahIM, jina vastuoMke arjanameM unhoMne sIdhe yA paramparArUpa meM sahayoga nahIM diyA hai / samAjameM vaha apane bhItara aise vargako surakSita rakhatA hai jo kevala svAmitvake kAraNa jindA hai / ataeva samAjazAstrIya daSTise pratyeka vyaktiko zramakara apane adhikArako prApta karanA caahie| jo samAjake saMcita dhanako samAna vitaraNa dvArA samAjameM samatva sthApita karanA cAhate haiM, ve aMdheremeM haiN| yadi hama graha mAna bhI leM ki pUMjIke samAna vitaraNase samAjameM samatva sthApita honA sambhava hai, to bhI yaha AzaMkA nirantara banI rahegI ki pratyeka vyaktimeM buddhi, kSamatA aura zakti pRthak-pRthak tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 593

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- - - - -- - rahaneke kAraNa yaha samana cirasthAyI nahIM ho sakatA hai / jaba bhI samAjake ina kSamatApUrNa vyaktiyoMko avasara milegA, samAjameM Athika asamatA utpanna ho hI jaaygii| ataeva isa sambhAvanAko dUra karane lie AdhyAtmika samAjavAda apekSita hai| bhautika samAjanAdase na to naitika malyoMko pratiSThA hI sambhava hai aura navayaktika svaarthkaaabhaavhii| bakttadA svArthIkA niyantraNa AdhyAtmika Aloka meM ho sambhava hai| nAmako pahAdivizeSa limIkA sthAna U~cA aura kisIkA sthAna nIcA ho sakatA hai, para AdhyAtmika aura naitika mUlyoMke mAnadaNDAnusAra samAjake sabhI sadasya mamAna siddha ho sakate haiN| paropajIvI aura AkrAmaka vyaktiyoMkI samAjameM kabhI kamI nahIM rahatI hai / kAnUna yA vidhikA mArga sImAeM sthApita nahIM kara sktaa| jahA~ kAnana aura vidhi hai, vahAM usake sAtha unheM tor3ane yA na mAnane kI pravRtti bhI vidyamAna hai / ataeva AdhyAtmika dRSTise naitika mUlyoMkI pratiSThA kara samAja meM samatva sthApita karanA sambhava hai| sabhI prANiyoMko AtmAmeM ananta zakti hai, para vaha karmAvaraNa ke kAraNa AcchAdita hai / karmakA AvaraNa itanA vicitra aura vikaTa hai ki AtmAke zuddha svarUpako prakaTa hone nahIM detA / jisa prakAra saryakA divya prakAza meghAcchanna rahanese aprakaTa rahatA hai usI prakAra koke AvaraNake kAraNa AtmAkI ananta zakti prakaTa nahIM hone pAtI / jo vyakti jitanA puruSArtha kara ahaMtA aura mamatAko dUra karatA huA karmAvaraNako haTA detA hai usakI AtmA utanI hI zuddha hotI jAtI hai / saMsArake jitane prANI haiM sabhIko AtmAmeM samAna zakti hai| ataH vizvakI samasta AtmAe~ zaktiko apekSA tulya haiM aura zakti-abhivyaktikI apekSA unameM asamAnatA hai / AtmA mUlataH samasta vikAra-bhAvoMse rahita hai / jo isa Atmazaktiko niSThA kara svarUpakI upalabdhike lie prayAsa karatA hai usako AtmAmeM nijI guNa aura zaktiyAM prAdurbhUta ho jAtI haiM / ataeva saMkSepameM AtmAke svarUpa, guNa aura unakI zaktiyoMko avagata kara netika aura AdhyAsmika mUlyoMko pratiSThA karanI caahie| sahAnubhUti, AtmaprakAzana evaM samatAkI sAdhanA aise mUlyoM ke AdhAra haiM, jinake anvayanase samAjavAdako pratiSThA sambhava hai / ye tathya sahAnubhUti aura AtmaprakAzanake pUrva meM batalAye jA cuke haiN| samatAke aneka rUpa sambhava haiM / AcArako samatA ahiMsA hai, vicAroM ko samatA anekAnta hai, samAjakI samatA bhoganiyantraNa hai aura bhASAko samatA udAra nIti hai| samAjameM samatA utpanna karaneke lie AcAra aura vicAra ina donoMkI samatA atyAvazyaka hai / prema, karuNA, maitrI, ahiMsA, asteya, abrahma, satyAcaraNa samatAke rUpAntara haiN| vaira, ghRNA, dveSa, nindA, rAga, lobha, krodha viSamatAmeM sammilita haiN| 514 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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sAmAjika AcaraNake lie Atmaupamya dRSTi apekSita hai / pratyeka AtmA tAttvika dRSTise kama hai| ataH , ghAna, saura mAse kiko ga svayaM santApa pahu~cAnA, na dUsarese santApa pahuMcavAnA, na santApa pahuMcAneke lie prerita karanA naitika mUlyoMkI vyavasthAmeM parigaNita hai| hamAre manameM kisIke prati durbhAvanA hai, to mana azAnta rahegA; nAnA prakArake saMkalpa-vikalpa manameM utpanna hote raheMge aura citta kSubdha rahegA / ataeva samAjavAdako pratiSThAke hetu pratyeka sadasyakA AcaraNa aura kArya durbhAvanA rahita atyanta sAvadhAnIke sAtha honA cAhie / naitika yA ahiMsaka mUlyoMke abhAvameM na vyakti jovita raha sakatA hai, na parivAra aura na samAja hI panapa sakatA hai / apane astitvako surakSita rakhane ke lie aisA AcAra aura vyavahAra apekSita hotA hai, jo svayaM apaneko rucikara ho| vyakti, samAja aura dezake sukha evaM zAntikI AdhArazilA adhyAtmavAda hai| aura isake sAtha ahiMsA, maMtrI aura samatAkI kar3I jur3I huI hai | jo abhaya detA hai vaha svayaM bhI abhaya ho jAtA hai / java dUsaroMko para mAnA jAtA hai, taba bhaya utpanna hotA hai aura jaba unheM Atmavat samajha liyA jAtA hai, taba bhaya nahIM rhtaa| saba usake bana jAte haiM aura vaha sabakA bana jAtA hai / ataevaM samatAkI upalabdhike lie tathA samAjavAdako pratiSThita karaneke lie nimnalikhita tIna AdhAroMpara jovana-mUlyoM ko vyavasthA svIkAra karanI caahie| mUlyahIna samAja atyanta asthira aura avyavasthita hotA hai| nizcayataH mUlyoMkI vyavasthA ho samAjavAdako pratiSThita kara sakatI hai| 1. svalakSya mUlya evaM antarAtmaka mUlya-zArIrika, Arthika aura zrama saMbaMdhI mUlyoMke mizraNa dvArA jIvanako mUlabhUta pravRttiyoMse Upara uThakara tuSTi, prema, samattA aura vivekako dRSTimeM rakhakara mUlyoMkA nirdhAraNa / 2. zAzvata evaM sthAyo mUlya-viveka, niSThA, sadvRtti aura vicArasAgajasyakI dRSTise malya nirdhAraNa / isa zreNI meM kSaNika viSayabhogako apekSA zAzvatika AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA mahattva / jJAna, kalA, dharma, ziva, satya sambandhI mUlya / 3. sRjanAtmaka mUlya-utpAdana, zrama, jobanopabhoga Adise sambaddha mUlya / saMkSepama samAjavAdako pratimA bhautika siddhAntoMke AdhArapara sambhava na hokara adhyAtma aura naitikatAke AdhArapara hI sambhava hai| tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 595

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vyakti aura samAja : anyonyAzraya sambandha vyaktiyoMke samaha aura unake sambandhoMse samAjakA nirmANa hotA hai| vyakti jameka sAmAmi sAhoMkA samaya hotA hai, jo usake boca pAye jAne vAle sambandhoMko pratibimbita karate haiN| vyakti ke jIvanakA prabhAva samAjapara par3atA hai| vyakti apane vyavahArase anya sadasyoMko prabhAvita karatA hai aura anya sadasyoMke vyavahArase svayaM prabhAvita hotA hai / ata: vyaktikI samasta mahatvapUrNa kiyAeM evaM cetanAko avasthAe~ sAmAjika paristhitiyoMmeM janma letI haiM aura inhoMse sAmAjika vyaktitvakA nirmANa hotA hai| __ vyakti aura samAja eka hI vastuke do pahalU haiM / aneka vyakti milakara samAjakA gaThana karate haiM | una vyaktiyoMko vicAra-dhArAoM, saMvegoM, AdatoM AdikA pArasparika prabhAva par3atA hai| ata: saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti aura samAja ina donoMkA anyonyAzraya sambandha hai / vyaktike binA samAjakA astitva nahIM aura samAjake abhAvameM vyaktike vyaktitvakA vikAsa sambhava nhiiN| Arthika samAnatA, nyAyika samAnatA, mAnava samAnatA, svatantratA AdikA sambandha vyaktiyoMke sAtha hai / vyaktigata dakSatA samAjako pUrNatayA prabhAvita karatI hai / samAja-gaThanake siddhAntoMmeM dharma, saMskRti, naitika siddhAnta, kartavya-pAlana, jIvanake Adarza, kAmya-bhoga Adi parigaNita haiN| ataeva sukhI, sampanna aura Adarza samAjake nirmANa hetu vaiyavitaka jIvanakI pavitratA aura AcAraniSThA bhI apekSita hai| sAmAnyataH dhArmika saMskAra aura naitika vidhi-vidhAna vyakti ke vyaktitvako pariSkRta karaneke liye Avazyaka hai / jisa samAjake ghaTaka vyakti saccaritra, jJAnI aura dRr3hasaMkalpo hogeM, usa sasAjakA gaThana bhI utanA hI adhika sudar3ha hogaa| vyaktike samAja meM janma lete hI kucha dAyitva yA RNa usake sirapara A jAte haiM, jina dAyitvoM aura RNoMko pUrA karaneke liye use sAmAjika sambandhoMke bIca calanA par3atA hai| zArIrika, pArivArika aura sAmAjika sambandhoMkA nirvAha karate hae bhI vyakti ina sambandhoMmeM yAsakta na rhe| jIvanase sabhI prakArake kArya karane par3ate haiM, para una kAryoko kartavya samajhakara hI kiyA jAya, Asakti mAnakara nahIM / yoM to vaiyaktika jIvanakA lakSya nivRttimUlaka hai / vaha tyAgamArgake bIca rahakara apanI AtmAkA utthAna yA kalyANa karatA hai / jIvanako unnata aura samRddha banAneke liye Atmazodhana karatA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi vikAroMko AtmAse pRthak kara vaha niSkAma karmameM pravRtta hotA hai| ata: vyakti aura samAja ina donoMkA para596 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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parameM anyonyAzraya sambandha hai aura parasparameM donoMke sahayogase hI samAjakA vikAsa aura unnati hotI hai| samAjaghaTaka, sAmAjika saMsthAeM evaM samAjameM nArIkA sthAna sAmAjika jIvanake aneka ghaTaka haiN| vyakti mA~ke udarase janma letA hai| mAM usakA pAlana-poSaNa karato hai / pisA Arthika vyavasthA karatA hai / bhAIbahana evaM muhalleke anya zizu usake sAthI hote haiN| zikSAzAlAmeM vaha zikSakoMse vidyAdhyayana karatA hai / bar3A honepara usakA vivAha hotA hai| isa prakAra eka manuSyakA dUsare manuSyake sAtha aneka prakArakA sambandha sthApita hotA hai| inhIM sambandhoMse vaha baMdhA haA hai| usakA svabhAva aura usakI AvazyakatAeM ina sambandhoM meM use rahane ke lie bAdhya karatI haiM / phalataH manuSyako apanI astitva-rakSA aura sambandha-nirvAhake liye samAjake boca rahanA par3atA hai / ekarUpatA, sahyoga sahakAritA, saMghaTana aura anyonyAzritatA to pazuoMke bIca bhI pAyo jAtA hai, kintu pazuoMmeM kriyA-pratikriyAtmaka sambandhoM ke nirvAha evaM sambandha-sambandhI pratibodhakA abhAva hai| sAmAjika sambandhoMke ghaTaka aneka tattva haiM / inameM nimnalikhita tattvoM ko pramukhatA hai 1. vaiyaktika lAbhake sAtha sAmahika lAbhakI ora dRSTi 2. nyAyamArgako vRtti 3. unnati aura vikAsake liye spardhA 4. kalaha, prema, evaM saMgharSake dvArA sAmAjika kriyA-pratikriyA / 5, mitratAkI dRSTi 6. ucita sammAna-pradarzana 7. parivArakA dAyitva 8. samAnatA aura udAratAko dRSTi 9. Arama-nirIkSaNako pravRtti 10. pAkhaNDa-ADambarakA tyAga 11. anuzAsanake prati AsthA 12. arjanake samAna tyAgake prati anurAga 13. kartavyake prati jAgarUkatA 14. ekAdhikArakA tyAga aura svAvalambanakI pravRtti 15. sevA-mAvatA sAmAjika jIvana asoM aura naitika niyamoMpara avalambita hai| rakSAvidhi aura astitva-nirvAha samAjake liye Avazyaka hai / sAmAjakA Arthika tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 597

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evaM rAjanItika DhAMcA lokahitako bhAvanApara Azrita hai, tathA sAmAjika unnati aura vikAsake liye sabhIko samAna avasara prApta haiM / ata: ahiMsA, dayA, prama, sevA aura tyAgake AdhArapara sAmAjika sambandhoMkA nirvAha kuzalatApUrvaka sampanna hotA hai| apane yoga-kSemake lAyaka bharaNa-poSaNakI vastuoMko grahaNa karanA tathA parizrama kara jIvana yApana karanA, anyAya, atyAcAra dvArA dhanArjana karane kA tyAga karanA evaM AvazyakatAse adhika saMcayana karanA svastha samAjake nirmANameM upAdeya haiN| ahiMsA aura satyapara Ata samAjavyavasthA manuSyako kevala jIvita hI nahIM rakhatI, balki use acamA jIvana yApanake liye prerita karatI hai| manuSyako zaktiyoMkA vikAsa samAja meM hI hotA hai / kalA, sAhitya, darzana, saMgIta, dharma AdikI abhivyakti manuSyako sAmAjika cetanAke phalasvarUpa hI hotI hai / jJAnakA AdAna-pradAna bhI sAmAjika sambandhoMke bIca sambhava hotA hai ! samAjameM hI samudAya saMgha aura saMsthAe~ banatI haiN| nisandeha samAja eka samanatA hai aura isakA gaThana viziSTa upAdAnoMke dvArA hotA hai| tathA isake bhautika svarUpakA nirmANa bhAvanopeta manuSyoMke dvArA hotA hai| isakA AdhyAtmika rUpa vijJAna, kalA, dharma, darzana Adike dvArA susampAdita kiyA jAtA hai / ataH samAja eka aisI kriyAzIla samagratA hai, jisake pIche AdhyAtmikatA, naitika bhAvanA aura saMkalpAtmaka vRttiyoMke saMzleSoMkA rahanA Avazyaka hai| sAmAjika saMsthA : svarUpa aura prakAra samAjake vibhinna Adarza aura niyantraNa janarItiyoM, prathAoM aura rUr3hiyoM ke rUpameM pAye jAte haiN| ataH niyantraNameM vyavasthA sthApita karane evaM pArasparika nirbhayatA banAye rakhaneke hetu yaha Avazyaka hai ki unako eka vizeSa kAryake AdhArapara saMgaThita kiyA jaay| isa saMgaThanakA nAma hI sAmAjika saMsthA hai| yaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatAkI pUrti ke hetu sAmAjika virAsatameM sthApita sAmUhika vyavahAroMkA eka jaTila tathA dhaniSTa saMghaTana hai| mAnava sAmUhika hitoMkI rakSA evaM Adarzoke pAlana karane ke liye sAmAjika saMsthAoMko janma detA hai / inakA mUlAdhAra nizcita AcAra-vyavahAra aura samAna hita-sampAdana hai / adhika samaya taka eka hI rUpameM katipaya manuSyoM ke vyavahAra aura vizvAsoMkA pracalana sAmAjika saMsthAoMko utpanna karatA hai| ye manaSyoMkI sAmahika kriyAoM, sAmUhika hitoM, AdarzoM evaM eka hI prakArake rIti-rivAjoMpara ava598 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako AcArya-paramparA

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lambita haiN| sAmAjika saMsthAoM meM nimnalikhita guNa aura vizeSatAeM pAyI jAtI haiM 1 sAmAjika saMsthAe~ prArambhika AvazyakatAoMkI pUrtikA sAdhana hotI haiM / 2. sAmAjika saMsthAoM dvArA sAmAjika niyantraNakA kArya sampanna hotA hai / 3. sAmAjika ao aura prajAtika vyavahAroMkA sampAdana sAmAjika saMsthAoM dvArA sambhava hai / 4. anuzAsana aura Adarzako rakSA inhoMke dvArA hotI hai| 5. inakA koI nizcita uddezya hotA hai / 6. naitika Adarza aura vyavahAroMkA sampAdana inhIMke dvArA hotA hai / 7. sAmAjika saMsthAe~" aise banvana haiM, jinase samAja manuSyoM ko sAmUhika rUpase apanI saMskRti ke anurUpa vyavahAra karaneke liye bAdhya kara detA hai; ataH - sAmAjika saMsthAoM ke Adarza aura dhAraNAeM hotI haiM, jinheM samAja apanI saMskRtiko rakSAke liye Avazyaka mAnatA hai / 8. sAmAjika saMsthAoM kA saMcAlana AcAra saMhitAoM ke AdhArapara hotA hai / 9. pratyeka dharma sampradAyakI AvAra-saMhitA bhinna hotI hai / ataH sAmAjika saMsthAoMkA rUpagaThana bho bhinna dharAtala para sampanna hotA hai / yoM to sAmAjika saMsthAeM aneka ho sakatI haiM, para AdhyAtmika catanA aura loka-jIvana ke sampAdanake liye jina sAmAjika saMsthAoMkI AvazyakatA hai, ve nimnalikhita haiM 1. catuvidha saMgha-saMsthA 2. Azrama-saMsthA 3. vivAha saMsthA 4. kula-saMsthA 5. saMskAra-saMsthA 6. parivAra saMsthA 7. puruSArtha saMsthA 8. caityAlaya saMsthA 9. guNakarmAdhArapara pratiSThita varNajAtisaMsthA ina saMsthAoM ke sambantrameM vizeSa vivecana karane kI AzyakatA nahIM hai / nAmase hI inakA svarUpa spaSTa hai / sokara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA 599

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vartamAnameM samAjameM nArIkA sthAna bahuta nimna zreNIkA ho rahA hai / Aja nArI bhogeSaNAko pUrtikA sAdhana mAtra raha gayI hai| na use adhyayana kara AtmavikAsake avasara prApta haiM aura na vaha dharma evaM samAjake kSetrameM bAge hI thA sakatI hai| dAsIke rUpameM nArIko jIvana yApana karanA par3atA hai, usake sAtha honevAle sAmAjika durvyavahAra pratyeka vicArazIla vyaktiko khaTakate haiN| nArIsamAjako dekhanese aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise yugayugAntarase inakI AtmA hI kharIda lI gayI hai| anamela-vivAhane nArIko sthitiko aura girA diyA hai| sAmantayugase prabhAvita rahaneke kAraNa Aja daheja lenA-denA bar3appanakA sUcaka samajhA jAtA hai / Aja nArIkA svatantra vyaktitva nahIM rahA hai, puruSake vyaktitvameM ho usakA vyaktitva mila gayA hai| ataH isa dayanIya sthitiko unnata banAnA atyAvazyaka hai| yaha bhUlanA na hogA ki nAro bhI manuSya hai aura usako bhI apanI unnatikA pUrA adhikAra prApta hai| vartamAna samAjane nArI aura zUdake liye vedAdhyayana varjita kiyA hai / yadi kadAcit ye donoM varga kisoprakAra vedake zabdoMko suna leM, to inake kAnameM zozA garma kara DAla denA cAhiye 1 aise nirdayatA evaM krUratApUrNa vyavahAra samAjake liye kabhI bhI ucita nahIM haiN| nAro bhI puruSake samAna dharmasAdhana, katrtavyapAlana Adi samAjake kAryoM ko pUrNatayA kara sakatI hai / ataeva vattaMmAnameM samAja-gaThanake liye liMga-bheda, varga-bheda, jAti-bheda, dhana-bhedake bhAvako dUra karanA paramAvazyaka hai| nArIko sabhI prakArake sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanItika aura Arthika adhikAra prApta hone cAhiye / bheda-bhAvakI khAI samAjako sama dharAtalapara pratiSThita nahIM kara sakatI hai| nara-nArI, brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra sabhI manuSya haiM aura sabakI apanI-apano upayogitA hai| jo inameM bheda-bhAva utpanna karate haiM, ve sAmAjika siddhAntoMke pratirodhI haiM / ata: samAjameM zAntisukhavyavasthA sthApita karaneke liye mAnavamAtrako samAnatAkA adhikAra prApta hAnA cAhiye / tIrthakara mahAvIrakI samAjavyavasthAko Adhunika upayogitA tIrthakara mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita samAja-vyavasthA Adhunika bhAratameM bhI upayogI hai | mahAvIrane nArIko jo ucca sthAna pradAna kiyA, Ajake saMvidhAnane bhI nAroko vaho sthAna diyA hai| vargabheda aura jAti-bhedake viSako dUra karane ke liye mahAvIrane apanI pIyUSa-vANI dvArA samAjako udbodhita kiyaa| unakI samAja-vyavasthA bhI karmakANDa, liMga, jAti, varga Adi bhedoMse mukta thI / inakI 600 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA

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samAja-vyavasthAkA AdhAra adhyAtma, ahiMsA, netika niyama aura aise dhArmika niyama the, jinakA sambandha kisI bhI jAti, varga yA sampradAyase nahIM thaa| mahAvIrakA siddhAnta hai ki vizva ke samasta prANiyoMke sAtha AsmIyatA, bandhutA aura ekatAkA anubhava kiyA jAya / ahiMsA dvArA sabake kalyANa aura unnatikI bhAvanA utpanna hoto hai| isake AcaraNase nirbhIkatA, spaSTatA, svatantratA aura satyatA bar3hatI hai| ahiMsAkI sImA kisI deza, kAla, aura samAja taka sImita nahIM hai| apitu isakI somA sarvadeza aura sarvakAla taka vistRta hai| ahiMsAse ho vizvAsa, AtmIyatA, pArasparika prema evaM niSThA Adi guNa vyakta hote haiM / ahaMkAra, dambha, mithyA vizvAsa, asahayoga AdikA anta bhI ahiMsA dvArA hI sambhava hai| yaha eka aisA sAdhana hai jo bar3e-se-bar3e sAdhyako siddha kara sakatA hai| ahiMsAtmaka pratirodha aneka vyaktiyoMko isIliye nirbala pratIta hotA hai ki usake anuyAyiyoMne premakI utpAdaka zaktiko pUrNatayA pahacAnA nahIM hai / vAstavameM yAtmIyatA aura ekatAko bhAvanAse ho samAjameM sthAyitva utpanna hotA hai / yadi bhAvanAoMmeM krodha, abhimAna, kapaTa, svAtha, rAga-dveSa Adi haiM, to Uparase bhale hI dayA yA karuNAkA ADambara dikhalAyo par3e, Antarika vizvAsa jAgRta nahIM ho sakatA / yadi hRdayameM prema hai, rakSAko bhAvanA hai aura hai sahAnubhUti evaM sahayogako pravRtti, to UparakA kaThora vyavahAra bhI vizvAsotpAdaka hogaa| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki ahiMsAke AdhArapara pratiSThita samAja hI sukha aura zAntikA kAraNa bana sakatA hai| zaktiprayogasambandhI siddhAntakA vizleSaNa iMjiniyariMga kalAke Aloka meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| manuSyake svabhAva aura samAjameM apAra zakti hai| isake krodhAdike rUpameM phUTa par3anese rokanA cAhiye aura premako praNAlI dvArA upayogI kAryoM meM lagAnA cAhiye / isa siddhAntako yoM samajhA jA sakatA hai ki hama bhApakI zaktiko phUTa par3anese roka kara vAyalara aura anya vastuoMko rakSA karate haiM aura iMjinako zaktizAlI banAte haiN| isoprakAra hama vyakti ke ahaMkAra, kAma, krodhAdi durguNoMko phUTa par3ane se roka saka aura ina guNoMkA parivartana ahiMsaka zaktike rUpameM kara sakeM, to samAjakA saMcAlita karane ke liye apAra zaktizAlI vyaktirUpo ejina prApta hotA hai| ekatAko bhAvanA ahiMsAkA hI rUpa hai| kalaha, phaTa, dvandva aura saMgharSa himA hai| ye hiMsaka bhAvanAeM sAmAjika jAvana meM ekatA aura pArasparika vizvAsa utpanna nahIM pAra sakatI haiN| tothaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 601

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yadi hama samAja ke pratyeka sadasyakai sAtha samatA, sahAnubhUti aura sahRdayatAkA vyavahAra kareM, to samAjake vikAsa meM avarodha paidA nahIM ho sakatA hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane samAja-vyavasthAke liye dayA, sahAnubhUti, sahiSNutA aura namratAko sAdhana ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| ye cAroM hI sAdhana vartamAna samAja vyavasthA ke lie atyanta upayogI haiN| samAja ke kaSToMke prati dayA eka acchA sAdhana hai| isase samAja meM ekatA aura banbutvakI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA siddhAnta hai ki davA prayoga aisA honA cAhie, manuSya meM dayanIyatA kI bhAvanA utpanna na ho aura dayA karanevAloM meM abhimAnakI bhAvanA jAgRta na ho / samAja vyavasthA ke liye dayA, dAna, saMyama aura zIla Avazyaka tattva haiM / ina tattvoM yA guNoMse sahayoga kI vRddhi hotI hai / samAjakI samasta visaMgatiyA~ evaM kaThinAIyo ukta sAdhanoM dvArA dUra ho jAtI haiM / sahiSNutA kI bhAvanA ko bhI samAja gaThanake liye Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / mAnava samAja eka zarIrake tulya hai| zarIrameM jisa prakAra aMgopAMga, nasa, nAr3iyA~ avasthita rahatI hai, para una sabakA sampoSaNa hRdayake raktasaMcAlana dvArA hotA hai, isI prakAra samAja meM vibhinna svabhAva aura guNadhArI vyakti nivAsa karate haiN| ina samasta vyaktiyoMkI zArIrika evaM mAnasika yogyatAe~ bhinna-bhinna rahatI haiM, para ina samasta sAmAjika sadasyoMko ekatAke sUtrameM ahiMsA ke rUpa prema, sahAnubhUti, namratA, satyatA Adi Abaddha karate hai / namratA aura sahAnubhUtiko kamajorI, kAyaratA aura durabhimAna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ina guNoMkA artha hInatA nahIM, kintu Atmika samAnatA hai / bhautika bar3appana, vargazreSThatA, kulInatA, dhana aura padaviyoMkA mahattva AdhyAtmika dRSTise kucha bhI nahIM hai / ataeva samAjako ahiMsAtmaka zaktiyoMke dvArA hI niyantrita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsaka AtmanigrahI banakara samAjako eka nizcita mArgakA pradarzana karatA hai| vAstavameM mAnava samAjako yathArtha AlokakI prApti rAga-dveSa aura mohako haTAnepara hI ho sakatI hai| ahiMsaka vicAroMke sAtha AcAra, AhAra-pAna bhI ahiMsaka honA cAhie / kattaMvya-karmokA sAvadhAnI pUrvaka pAlana karanA tathA dubyaMsana, dyUna krIr3A, mAMsabhakSaNa, madirApAna, AkheTa, vezyAgamana, parastro sevana evaM cauryakarma Adi tyAga karanA sAmAjika sadasyatAke liye apekSita hai / dhana evaM bhogoMkI AsurI lAlasAne vyaktiko to naSTa kiyA hI hai, para agaNita samAjako bhI barbAda kara DAlA hai| AsurI vAsanAoMkI tRpti eka 602 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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kAla to kyA trikAla meM bhI sambhava nahIM hai| ataeva nyAya-anyAya, karttavyaakartavya, puNya-pApa AdikA vicAra kara samAjako ahiMsaka nIpti dvArA vyavasthita karanA cAhiye / isameM sandeha nahIM ki mahAvIrakI samAja-vyavasthA Ajake yugameM bhI utanI hI upayogI hai, jisanI upayogI unake samayameM thii| mahAvIrane zramako jIvanakA Avazyaka mUlya batAyA hai / mAnavIya mUlyoMmeM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| samAja dhana yA sampattise pUrNa sukhakA anubhava nahIM kara sakatA hai| para nIti aura adhyAtmake dvArA tRSNA, svArtha aura tuSakA anta ho sakatA hai| tArthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 603

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upasaMhAra mahAvIra : vyaktitva-vizleSaNa kAMcana kAyA __ sAta hAtha unnata zarIra, divya kAJcana AbhA, AjAnabAhu, samacaturasrasaMsthAna, vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhanana Adise yukta tIrthakara mahAvIra tana aura mana donoMse hI adbhuta sundara the / unako lAvaNya-chaTA manuSyoMko hI nahIM, deva, pazupakSI eva kITa-pataMgako bhI sahajameM apanI ora AkRSTa karato yo| devendra bhI unake divya tejase AkRSTa ho caraNa-vandanake liye Ate, aNata manuSyasAmantoMkI to bAta hI kyaa| unake vyaktitvako loka-kalyANakI bhAvanAne sajAyA thA, saMvArA thA / ve apane bhItara vidyamAna zaktikA sphoTana kara pratikUla kaNTakAkIrNa mArgako puSpAvakIrNa banAneke liye saceSTa the| mahAvIra aise nada the, jo caTTAnoMkA bhedana - 604 -

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kara svayaM apane liye pathakA nirmANa karate haiN| ve nirjhara the, kulikA (nahara) nhiiN| unhoMne kaThina se kaThina tapa kara, kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoMpara vijaya pA kara loka-kalyANakA aisA ujjvala mArga taiyAra kiyA, jo prANimAtrake liye sahajagamya aura sulabha thA / karmayogI mahAvIrake vyaktitva meM karmayogako sAdhanA kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| be svayaMbaddha the, svayaM jAgaruka the aura bodhaprApike liye svayaM prayatnazIla the| na koI unakA guru thA aura na kisI zAstrakA AdhAra hI unhoMne grahaNa kiyA thA / ve karmaTha the aura svayaM unhoMne pathakA nirmANa kiyA thaa| unakA jIvana bhaya, pralobhana, rAga-dveSa sabhose mukta thA / ve nIla gaganake nIce hiMsra-jantuoMse paripUrNa nirjana banoMmeM kAyotsarga mudrAmeM dhyAnastha ho jAte the| ve kabhI mRtyuchAyAse AkrAnta imazAnabhUmimeM, kabhI giri-kandarAoMmeM, kabhI gaganacumbI uttuMga parvatoMke zikhara, kamI sAkha-kAra, 15- ninAda karatI huI saritAoMke taToMpara aura kabhI janAkIrNa rAjamArgapara kAyotsarga-mudrAmeM acala aura aDigarUpase dhyAnastha khar3e rahate the| ve karmayogI zarIrameM rahate hue zarIrase pRthak, zarIrakI anubhUtise bhinna jIvanako AzA aura maraNake bhaya se vimukta svako zodhameM saMlagna rahate the| karmayogI mahAbIrane apane zrama, sAdhanA aura tapa dvArA aNita prakArake upasargoko sahana kiyaa| kahIM sundariyoMne unheM sAdhanAse vicalita karanekA prayAsa kiyA, to kahIM duSTa aura ajJAniyoMne unheM nAnA prakArako yAtanAeM dIM, para ve saba maunarUpase sahana karate rhe| na kabhI manameM hI vikAra utpanna huA aura na tana ho vikRta huA / isa karmayogIke samakSa zAzvata virodhI prANI bho apanA varabhAva chor3akara zAntikA anubhava karate the | dhanya hai mahAvIrakA vaha vyaktitva, jisane loha puruSakA sAmarthya prApta kiyA aura jisa vyaktitvake samakSa jAdu, maNi, mantra-tantra sabhI phIke the / adbhuta sAhaso mahAvIrake vyaktitvameM sAhasa aura sahiSNutAkA apUrva samAveza huA thA / siMha, sarpa jaise hisra jantuoMke samakSa ve nirbhayatApUrvaka upasthita ho unheM mauna rUpameM udbodhita kara sanmArgapara lAte the| jarA, roga aura zArIrika avasthAoMke usa ghereko, jisameM phaima kara prANI hAhAkAra karatA rahatA hai, mahAvIra sAhasI bana mRtyu-vijetAke rUpa meM upasthita rahate the / mahAvIrane bar3e sAhasake tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 605

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sAtha parivartita hote hue mAnavIya mUlyoMko sthiratA pradAna kI aura prANiyoMmeM nihita zaktikA udghATana kara unheM nirbhaya bnaayaa| una jaisA apUrva sAhasI zatAbdiyoMmeM hI ekAdha vyakti paidA hotA hai| zUlapANi jaise yakSakA AMtaka aura caNDakauzika jaise sarpako viSajvAlA inake sAhasake phalasvarUpa hI zamanako prApta huii| anAyaM dezameM sAdhanA karate hue mahAvIrake svarUpase anabhijJa vyaktiyoMne unheM gAliyAM dI, pASANa barasAe, daNDoMse pUjA kI, deza-mazaka aura cITiyoMne kATA, para mahAvIra apane sAhasase vicalita na hae / unakI apUrva sahiSNutA aura anupama zAnti virodhiyoMkA hRdaya parivartita kara detI thii| ve pratyeka kaSTakA sAhasake sAtha svAgata karate, zarIrako ArAma deneke liye na vastra dhAraNa karate, na pRthvI para Asana bichAkara zayana karate, na apane liye kisI vastuko kAmanA hI karate / unake anupama dhairyako dekhakara devarAja indra bhI natamastaka thA / saMgamadevane mahAvIrake sAhasakI aneka prakArase parIkSA ko, para ve aDiga himAlaya hI bane rhe| loka-pradIpa _mahAyoga se lapavilasameM manuganImA jalana hai ! unhoMne saMsArake dhanIbhUta ajJAna-andhakArako dUrakara satya aura anekAntake AlokavArA jananetRtva kiyA thaa| gharakA dIpaka dharake konemeM hI prakAza karatA hai, usakA prakAza sImita aura dhuMdhalA hotA hai, para mahAvIra to tIna lokake dIpaka the| lokatrayako prakAzita kiyA thaa| mahAvora aise dIpaka the, jisakI jyotike sparzane agaNita dIpoMko prajvalisa kiyA thA / azAnaandhakArako haTA janatAko AvaraNa aura bandhanoMko tor3anekA sandeza diyA thaa| unhoMne rAga-dveSa vikalpoMko haTAkara AtmAko akhaNDa jJAna-darzana caitanyarUpameM anubhava karanekA patha Alokita kiyA thaa| nizcayase dekhanegara AtmApara bandhana yA AvaraNa hai hI nahIM / ananta caitanyapara na koI AvaraNa hai aura na koI bandhana | ye saba bandhana aura AvaraNa Aropita haiN| jisake ghaTameM jJAna-dIpa prajvalita hai, usake bandhana aura AvaraNa svataH kSINa haiM / saMkalpa-vikalpoMkA jAla svayameva hI vilIna ho jAtA hai| karaNAmUti mahAvIrakA saMvedanazIla hRdaya karuNAse sadA dravita rahatA thA / ve andhavizvAsa, mithyA ADambara aura dharmake nAmapara honevAle hiMsA-tANDavase atyanta dravIbhUta the / 'yajIhiMsA hisA na bhavati' ke nAreko badalanekA saMkalpa 606 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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dayAlu mahAvIrane grahaNa kiyA aura mAnavatAke lalATapara akSaya kuMkumakA vijaya - tilaka lagAyA / prANimAtrako antima zvAMsa taka svAdhInatApUrvaka jIvita rahane aura kArya karane kA sahI mArga nirdiSTa kiyaa| himA, asatya zoSaNa, saMcaya aura kuzAlase saMtrasta mAnavatAkI rakSA kI / varatApUrvaka kiye jAnevAle azvamedha, naramedha Adiko dUra kara ahiMsA aura maMtrI bhAvanAkA pracAra kiyaa| vAstava meM tIrthaMkara mahAvorake vyaktitvameM karuNAkA apUrva samavAya thA / ve isa lokake samasta prANiyoM kA AtmavikAsa aura lokakalyANa cAhate the aura tadanukUla prayAsa karate the / mahAvIra jaisA karuNAkA masohA isa dharAdhAmapara kabhI kadAcit ho janma grahaNa karatA hai / divya tapasvI mahAvIra ugra, ghora evaM divdha tapastrI the / unako yaha namaH sAdhanA vivekakI sImA meM samAhita thii| sahaja sapa thA AkulatAkA nAmonizAna nahIM aura antaraMga meM Anandako ajastra dhArA pravAhita ho rahI thii| mahAvIra bAhya tapake sAdhaka nahIM antas tapake sAdhaka the| unakI tapasyAke prabhAvame jovanakI samasta azubha vRtiyA~ zubha rUpa meM pariNata hokara zuddha rUpako prApta huI thIM / na unheM garva thA aura na glAni hI / abhigrahake anusAra ahAra mila jAtA, to use grahaNa kara lauTa Ate aura na bhI milatA to prasanna cittase apano sAdhanAmeM lIna rahate / ve lAbhAlAbhako paristhiti meM samarasa the / sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoMkI kaThinAIyAM Age bar3hane se roka detI haiM, kabhI-kabhI unheM vApasa bhI lauTanA par3atA hai, para mahAvIra na kahIM ruke aura na ve Age bar3hane se vimukha hue| sacce arthoM meM ve divya tapasvI the / lokakalyANa aura lokapriyatA AkarSaka vyaktitva ke dhanI mahAvIrake vyaktitvakI sabase bar3I gaharAyI lokakalyANa aura lokapriyatAko hai| inhoMne apanI sAdhanA dvArA siddhi prApta kara Atma-kalyANake sAtha-sAtha vizvakalyANakI preraNA dii| sarvodaya tIrthaMkA pravattana kara azAnta janamAnasako zAnti pradAna kI / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra mAnavamAtrakA ho nahIM, prANimAtrakA udaya cAhate the| phalataH sarvajIva- samabhAva aura sarvajAtisamamabhAvakA pravartana kara samasta prANiyoM ko unnasike samAna avasara pradAna karaneko ghoSaNA kii| unakA siddhAnta thA ki dUsaroMkA burA cAhakara koI apanA bhalA nahIM kara sakatA / mAnava-mAnava ke bIca bheda - bhAvakI jo dIvAleM khar3I kI gayI haiM, ve aprAkRtika hai| raMgabheda, varNabheda, jAtibheda, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA : 607

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kulabheda, deza aura prAntabheda Adi sabhI mAnavatA ke vighAtaka haiN| tanAvakA vAtAvaraNa aura avizvAsako khAIMko dUra karanekA ekamAtra sAghana janasAmAnyako pArasparika sahayoga aura kalyANake liye prerita karanA hai / svarga ke deva vibhUti meM kitane hI bar3e kyoM na ho, unakA svargaM kitanA ho sundara aura suhAvanA kyoM na ho, para ve manuSyase mahAna nahIM / manuSya ke tyAga aura indriyasaMyamake prati unheM bhI natamastaka honA par3atA hai / mAnava-mAnaaari kAraNa sabhI manuSya samAna haiM, janmase koI bhI vyakti na bar3A hai, na choTA / kArya, guNa, parizrama, tyAga, saMyama aise guNa haiM, jinakI upalabdhise koI bhI vyakti mahAn bana sakatA hai / jIvanakA yathArtha lakSya AtmasvAtantryakI prApti hai / kAlakA pravAha anAhUta calA A rahA hai / jIvana kSaNa, pala ghar3iyoMmeM kaNa-kaNa bikhara rahA hai ! pArzvavartI stabdha vAtAvaraNa meM bhI sUkSmarUpase atIta aura vyaya samAhita haiM / nava navIna rUpoMmeM prasphuTita ho rahA hai aura vastukI vyatA bhI yathArtharUpameM sthita hai | isaprakAra utpAdAditrayAtmakarUpa vastu AtmaSTAko taTastha vRttikI ora AkRSTa karatI hai aura yahA~ use jana kalyANakI ora le jAtI hai / torthaMkara mahAvora janmajAta vItarAga the| unake vyaktitvake kaNa-kaNakA nirmANa AtmakalyANa aura lokahitake liye huA thA / lokakalyANa ho unakA iSTa thA aura yahI thA unakA lkssy| jovanake prathama caraNase ho unhoMne janakalyANake liye saMgharSa Arambha kiyA, para unakA yaha saMgharSa bAhya zatrubhoMse nahIM thA, antaraMga kAma, krodhAdi vAsanAoMse thA / unhoMne zAzvata satyakI prApti ke liye rAjavaibhava, vilAsa, Amoda-pramoda AdikA tyAga kiyA aura janakalyANa meM saMlagna ho gaye / lokakalyANake kAraNa hI tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane apUrvaM lokapriyatA prApta kI thI / ve jisa nagara yA grAmase nikalate the, janatA unakI anuyAyinI bana jAtI thI / manuSya to kyA pazu-pakSI bhI unase prema karate the| hiMsaka, krUra aura pizAca bhI apanI vRttiyoM kA tyAgakara mahAvIrakI zaraNa grahaNa karate the / ve tatkAlIna samAjakI kAyaratA, kadAcAra aura pApAcArako dUra karaneke liye fferddha the / ataH lokapriyatAkA prApta honA unheM sahaja thA / svAvalambI mahAvIrake vyaktitvakI anya vizeSatAoMmeM svAvalambanakI vRtti bhI hai / 'apanA kAryaM svayaM karo' ke ve samarthaka the / aba sAdhanAkAlameM aparicayake 608 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA 8

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kAraNa kucha ajJa vyakti unakA tiraskAra karate, apamAna karate, zArIrika yAtanAeM dete, usa samaya mahAvIra kisIkI sahAyatAko apekSA nahIM karate the| ve apane puruSArtha dvArA hI karmokA nAza karanA cAhate the| jaba indrane unase sAdhanAmArga meM sahAyatA karanekA anurodha kiyA, taba ve mauna bhASAmeM hue kahane lage-"devendra , tuma bhUla rahe ho / sAdhanAkA mArga apane-Apapara vijaya prApta karanekA mArga hai| svayaMkRta karmakA zubhAzubha phala vyaktiko akele hI bhoganA par3atA hai| karmAvaraNako chinna karaneke liye kisI anyako sahAyatA apekSita nahIM hai / yadi kisI vyaktiko kisI dUsareke sukha-duHkha aura jIvana-maraNakA kartA mAnA jAya, to yaha mahAn ajJAna hogA aura svayaMkRta zubhAzubha phala niSphala ho jaayeNge| yaha satya hai ki kisI bhI dravyameM parakA hastakSepa nahIM calatA hai| hastakSepakI bhAvanA ho AkramaNako protsAhita karatI hai| yadi hama apane manase hastakSepa karaneko bhAvanAko dUra kara deM, to phira hamAre antasameM sahaja meM hI anAkramaNavRtti prAdurbhUta ho jAyagI 1 AkramaNa pratyAkramaNako janma detA hai aura yaha AkramaNa-pratyAkramaNako paramparA vizvazAnti aura Atmika zAntimeM vighna utpanna karatI hai|" isa prakAra tIrthakara mahAvIrake vyaktitvameM svAvalambana aura svatantratAko bhAvanA pUrNatayA samAhita thii| ahiMsaka mahAvIrake vyaktitvakA sampUrNa gaThana hI ahiMsAke AdhArapara huA hai| manuSyako jaise apanA astitva priya hai, apanA sukha abhISTa hai, usI taraha anya prANiyoMko bhI apanA astitva aura sukha priya hai| ahiMsaka vyaktitvakA prathama dRSTivindu sahaastitva aura sahiSNutA hai / sahiSNutAke vinA sahaastitva sambhava nahIM hai / saMsArameM ananta prANI haiM aura unheM isa loka meM sAtha-sAtha rahanA hai| yadi ve eka dUsareke astitvako AzaMkita dRSTise dekhate raheM, so astitvakA saMgharSa kabhI samApta nahIM ho sakatA hai / saMgharSa azaoNntikA kAraNa hai aura yahI hiMsA hai| jIvanakA vAstavika vikAsa ahiMsAke Aloka meM hI hotA hai / vaira-vaimanasya dveSa, kalaha, ghRNA, IrSyA, krodha, ahaMkAra, lobha-lAlaca, zoSaNa-damana Adi jitanI bhI vyakti aura samAjako dhvaMsAtmaka vikRtiyAM haiM, ve saba hiMsAke ho rUpa haiN| manuSyakA ansas hiMsAke vivadha prahAroMse nirantara ghAyala hotA rahatA hai| ina prahAroM kA zamana karaneke liye ahiMsAkI dRSTi aura ahiMsaka jIvana hI Avazyaka hai| mahAvIrane kevala ahiMsAkA upadeza hI nahIM diyA, apitu use apane jIvana meM utArakara zata-pratigata yathArthatA pradAna kI / unhoMne ahiMsA nokara mahAvIra aura unakI dezanA . 609

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ke siddhAnta aura vyavahArapakSako eka kara dikhalA diyaa| virodhI virodhIka prati bhI unake manameM ghRNa nahIM thI, dveSa nahIM thA tre utpIr3aka evaM dhAtakake prati bhI maMgala kalyANakI pavitra bhAvanA rakhate the / saMgamadeva aura zUlapANi yakSa jaise upasarga denevAle vyaktiyoM ke prati bhI unake netroMmeM karuNA thI / tIrthaMkara mahAvorakA ahiMsaka jovana krUra aura nirdaya vyaktiyoMke liye bhI Adarza thA / mahAvIrakA siddhAnta thA ki agnikA zamana agnise nahIM hotA, isake liye tant AvazyakatA hotI hai / isIprakAra hiMsAkA pratikAra hiMsAse nahIM, ahiMsAse honA cAhiye / jaba taka sAvana pavitra nahIM, sAdhya meM pavitratA A nahIM sakatI / hiMsA sukSmarUpameM vyaktike vyaktitvako ananta partoM meM samAhita hai / use nikAlane ke liye sabhI prakArake vikAroM, vAsanAoMkA tyAga Avazyaka hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIrane jagatako bAhya hiMsAse rokane ke pUrva apane antarameM vidyamAna rAga-dveSarUpa bhAvahiMsAkA tyAga kiyA aura unake vyaktitvakA pratyeka aNu ahiMsAkI jyoti jAgRta ho utthaa| mahAvIrane anubhava kiyA ki samasta prANI tulya zaktidhArI haiM, jo unameM bheda-bhAva karatA hai, unakI zaktiko samajhane meM bhUla yA kisI prakArakA pakSapAta karatA hai, vaha hiMsaka hai| dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~cAne ke pUrva hI vikRti A jAneke kAraNa apanI hI hiMsA ho jAtI hai / sacamuca meM ahiMsA ke sAdhaka mahAvIrakA vyaktitva dhanya thA aura dhanya thI unako saMcaraNazakti / ve bAraha varSoMtaka mauna rahakara moha-mamatAkA tyAga kara ahiMsA kI sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahe / mahAvIrake vyaktitvako pramukha vizeSatAoM meM unakA ahiMsaka vyaktitva nirmala AkAzake samAna vizAla aura samudrake samAna atala sparzI hai| unakI ahiMsA meM Agraha nahIM thA, uddaNDatA nahIM thI, pakSapAta nahIM thA aura na kisI prakArakA durAva yA chipAva hI thaa| dayA, prema aura vinamratAne unakI ahiMsaka sAdhanAko susaMskRta kiyA thA / krAMtidRSTrA tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake vyaktitvameM krAntikI cinagArI Arambhase hI upalabdha hotI hai| ve vyavahArakuzala, spaSTa vaktA, nirbhIka sAdhaka, ahiMsaka, lokakalyANakArI aura janamAnasa ke adhyetA the / cATukAritAkI nItise ve sadA the| unake mana meM AtmavizvAsakA dIpaka sadA prajvalita rahatA thaa| dharmake dura nAmapara honevAlI hiMsAe aura samAjake saMgaThanake nAmapara vidyamAna bheda-bhAva evaM AtmasAdhanA sthAnapara zarIra sAdhanAko pramukhatAne mahAvIrake manameM kizorAvasthA se hI krAnsikA bIja - vapana kiyA thaa| raIsoM aura amIroMke yahA~ dAsa-dAsIke rUpa meM zoSita nara-nArI mahAvIrake hRdayakA apUrva maMthana karate 610 : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA

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the / phalataH ve usa yugakI pramukha dharma dhAraNA yajJa aura kriyA kANDake virodhI the / una dinoM meM nara aura nArI nIti aura dharmakA A~cala chor3a cuke the / ve donoM hI kAmukatA paMsi the / nAriyoM pakSivara, phIla kara Dakapako kamI ho rahI thI | ve bandhanoM ko tor3a aura lajjAke AvaraNako pheMka svacchanda bana cukI thiiN| puruSoMmeM dAnavI vAsanAkA prAbalya thaa| ve AcAra-vicAra-zIlasaMyamakA pallA chor3a vAsanA pUrtiko hI dharma samajhate the| cAroM ora balAtkAra aura apaharaNakA tUphAna uTha khar3A huA thaa| candanA jaiso kitanI nAriyoMkA apaharaNa aniza ho rahA thA / janamAnasakA dharAtala AtmAkI ghavalatAse haTakara zarIrapara kendrita ho gayA thaa| bhoga-vilAsa aura kRtrimatAkA jIvana ho pramukha thA / madirApAna, dyUtakror3A, pazuhiMsA, Adi jIvanako sAdhAraNa bAteM zrIM / baliprathAne dharmake rUpako aura bhI vikRta kara diyA thA / 1 bhautikatAke jIvanakI parAkASThA thI / dharma aura darzanake svarUpako auddhatya, svairAcAra, haTha aura durAgrahane khaNDita kara diyA thA / varga svArthakI dUSita bhAvanAoMne ahiMsA, maitrI aura aparigrahako AtmasAt kara liyA thA / phalataH samAjake liye eka krAntikArI vyaktiko AvazyakatA thI / mahAvIrakA vyaktitva aisA hI krAntikArI thaa| unhoMne mAnava jagata meM vAstavika sukha aura zAntikI dvArA pravAhita kI aura manuSya ke manako svArtha evaM vikRtiyoMse rokakara isI dharatIko svarga banAnekA sandeza diyaa| mahAvIrane zatAbdiyoMse to rahI samAja - vikRtiyoM ko dUrakara bhAratako miTTIko candana banAyA / vAstavameM mahAvIrake krAntikArI vyaktitvako prAptakara dharA pulakita ho uThI, zata zata vasanta khila utthe| zraddhA, sukha aura zAntikI triveNI pravAhita hone lagI / unake krAntikArI vyaktitvase koTi-koTi mAnava kRtArtha ho gaye / nissandeha patitoM aura miroM ko uThAnA, unheM gale se lagAnA aura karasparza dvArA unake vyaktitvako pariSkRta kara denA yahI to krAntikArIkA lakSaNa hai / mahAvIrako krAnti jar3a nahIM thA, sacetana thI aura thI gatisAla 1 jo anubhavasiddha jJAnake zAsanameM cala mukta cintana dvArA satyAnveSaNa karatA hai, vahI samAja meM krAnti lA sakatA hai / puSottama mahAvIra puruSottama the| unake bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM hI prakAra ke vyaktitvameM alaukika guNa samAviSTa the / unakA rUpa tribhuvanamohaka, teja sUryako bhI hataprabha banAnevAlA aura sukha sura-nara-nAganayanako sahara karate vAlA thA / unake paramodArika divya zarIrako jaiso chaTA aura AbhA thI, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unako dezanA 611

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usase bhI kahIM adhika unakI AtmAkA divya teja thA / anantajJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura anansavIrya guNoMke samAvezane unake Atmatejako alaukika banA diyA thaa| nikAmabhAvase anakalyANa karaneke kAraNa unakA Atmabala anupama thaa| ve saMsAra-sarovarameM rahate hue bhI kamalapatravat nilita the / unakA yaha vyaktitva puruSottama vizeSaNase viziSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yoM to mahAvIrake vyaktitvameM eka mahAmAnavake sabhI gaNa prApya the, para ve eka sacce jJAnI, muktinetA, kuzala upadeSTA aura nirbhIka zikSaka the| jo bhI unakI vANI sunatA, vahI unakI ora AkRSTa ho jAtA / ve aise UrdhvaretA brahmacArI the, jinheM 'ghorakhaMbhacera' kahA gayA hai| brahmacaryako utkRSTa sAdhanA aura ahiMsaka anuSThAnane mahAvIrako puruSottama banA diyA thaa| tapaHpUta bhagavAn mahAvIra tIrthakara puruSottama the / zreSTha puruSocita sabhI guNoMkA samavAya unameM prApta thaa| niHsvArtha mahAvIrake vyaktitvameM nisvArtha sAbakrake samasta guNa samaveta haiM / ve sapazcaraNa aura utkRSTa zubha adhyavasAyake kAraNa nirantara jAgarUka the| unheM sabhI prakArako Rddhi-siddhiyoM kapalabdha thIM,para ve unase the nilipta, Atmakendrita, zAnta aura yotraag| AtmApara kaThora saMyamakI vRtti rakhaneke kAraNa unameM vizva bandhutva samAhita thaa| ___ mahAvIra na upasargose hI ghabarAte the aura na parISaha sahana karanese hI |dhe sabhI prakArake svArtha aura vikAroMko jItakara svatantra yA mukta honA cAhate the / anAdikAlase caitanya-jyoti AvaraNoMse AcchAdita hai / jisane ina AvaraNoMko haTAkara bandhanoMko tor3A hai, jo saMkalpa-vikalpoMse mukta huA hai aura jisane zarora aura indriyoMpara par3I huI paratoMko haTAyA hai, vahI ni:svArtha jIvana yApama kara sakatA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAcIrake vyaktitva meM yaha nisvArthako pravRtti pUrNatayA vartamAna thii| ___vastutaH tIrthaMkara mahAborake vyaktitvameM eka mahAmAnavake sabhI guNa vidyamAna the| ve svayaMbuddha aura nirbhIka sAdhaka the aura ahiMsA ho unakA sAdhanAsUtra thaa| unake manameM na kuNThAoMko sthAna prApta thA aura na tnaavoNko| prathama darzana meM ho vyakti unake vyaktitvase prabhAvita ho jAtA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki indrabhUti gautama jaise talaspazI jhAno paNDisa bhI mahAvIrake darzanamAtrase prabhAvita hue aura unake ziSya bana gaye / 612 : tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA /

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yaha sArvajanIna satya hai ki yadi vyaktike mukhapara teja, chavimeM saundarya, A~khoM meM AbhA, oTho para manda muskAna, zarIrameM cArutA aura ansaraMgameM nizchala prema ho, to vaha sahajameM hI anya vyaktiyoMko AkRSTa kara letA hai / mahAvIrake bAhya aura antaraMga donoM hI vyaktitva anupama the / unakA zArIrika gaThana, saMsthAna aura AkAra jitanA uttama thA utanA hI vItarAgatAkA teja bhI dIpti yukta thA / vRSabhake samAna mAMsala skandha, cakravartIke lakSaNoM se yukta padakamala, lambI bhujAe~, AkarSaka saumya ceharA unake bAhya vyaktitvako bhavyatA pradAna karate the| sAtha hI tapaHsAdhanA, svAvalambanavRtti, zramaNatvakA AcAra, tapopalabdhi, saMyama, sahiSNutA, adbhuta sAhasa, AtmavizvAsa Adi antaraMga guNa unake Abhyantara vyaktitvako Alokita karate the| mahAvIra dharmanetA, tIrthakara, upadezaka evaM saMsArake mArga-darzaka the / jo bhI unakI zaraNa yA chatracchAyAmeM pahuMcA, use hI Atmika zAnti upalabdha huii| nissandeha ve vizvake advitIya krAntikArI, tatvopadezaka aura jananetA the| unakI krAnti eka kSetra taka sImita nahIM thii| unhoMne sarvatomukhI krAntikA zaMkhanAda kiyA, AdhyAtmika, darzana, samAjavyavasthA, dharmAnuSThAna, tapazcaraNa yahA~ takakI bhASAke kSetrameM bhI apUrva krAntiko / tatkAlIna tApasoMkI tapasyAke bAhyarUpake sthAnameM AbhyantararUpa pradAna kiyA / pArasparika khaNDana-maNDanameM nirata dArzanikoMko anekAntavAdakA mahAmantra pradAna kiyaa| sadguNoM kI avamAnanA karane vAle janmagata jAtivAdapara kaThora prahArakara guNakarmApArapara jAtivyavasthAkA nirUpaNa kiyaa| inhoMne nAriyoMkI khoyI huI svatantratA unheM pradAna kii| isa prakAra mahAvIrakA vyaktitva Adyanta krAnti, tyAga, tapasyA, saMyama, ahiMsA Adise anuprANita hai / tIkara mahAvIra aura unako dezamA : 613