Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ RA jaina AcAra mImAMsA meM sA vijA vijA dakkhamAyaNI jIvana prabandhana ke tattva jIvanaprabandhana kA patha jIvana prabandhana jaina darzana evaM jaina AcAra zAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana ..eka sArAMza MovVow AdhyAtmika vikAsa prabandhana LIFE MAN zikSA prabandhana FMENTS OF dhArmika vyavahAra prabandhana samaya prabandhana (GEMENT THE EL bhogopabhoga prabandhana zarIra prabandhana artha prabandhana abhivyakti prabandhana samAja prabandhana tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana paryAvaraNa prabandhana muni manISa sAgara / For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana meM sabhI ko sukha acchA lagatA hai aura duHkha burA - suhansAyA dukkhapaDikUlA' | ataH hameM yaha mAnanA cAhie ki jaise hameM duHkha priya nahIM hai, vaise| hI saba jIvoM ko bhI duHkha priya nahIM hai / / jIvana-prabandhana kI nIti bhI yahI hai ki hama kisI ko duHkhI na kareM aura koI kucha bhii| kare, hama duHkhI na hoM / ise hI jio aur| jIne do' (Live & Let Live) kI nIti bhii| kahate haiM / jIvana meM saMyoga aura viyoga kA silasilA lagA hI rahatA hai / isameM kabhI anukUla aura kabhI pratikUla paristhitiyA~ milatI rahatI hai / inameM kaise jInA cAhie, yaha eka kalA hai / jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya isI kalA kA zikSaNa-prazikSaNa pradAna karanA hai / isake anusAra, vyakti ko jIvana-maraNa, lAbha-hAni, saMyoga-viyoga, bandhu-zatru aura sUkha-duHkha kI paristhitiyoM meM rAga-dveSa se| 'rahita hokara sama pariNAma rakhanA caahie| 'jise sAmAyika kahate hA lAbhAlAme suhe dukkhe, jIvie maraNe tahA / / samo niMdA-pasaMsAsu, tahA mANAvamANao / / mAnava jIvana sarva jIvanoM meM viziSTa jIvana hai isakI prAmANikatA to isase prakaTa hotI hai ki jaina, bauddha, vaiSNava Adi sarva Astika dharmoM ke siddhAMtoM meM eka AvAja se isake yazogAna gAye haiN| isa viziSTa jIvana kA eka pala bhI mahAn kImatI hai, kyoMki eka palabhara bhI kiyA gayA prabhu smaraNa agaNita puNya kA saMgraha kara sakatA hai| 9 -sva. prava. zrI vicakSaNazrIjI ma. sA. For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrI mahAvIrasvAmine namaH zrI jinadatta-maNidhArI-kuzala-candrasUri sadgurubhyo namaH / zrI gaNanAyaka sukha-hari-Ananda-kavIndra-udaya-kAnti-mahodaya sAgarasUribhyo namaH jaina AcAra mImAMsA meM vijaTamAnumAyA jIvana prabandhana tatva jIvana prabandhana jIvanaprabandhana kA patha jaina darzana evaM jaina AcAra zAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana sArAMza AdhyAtmika vikAsa prabandhana S OF LIFE E MANAG zikSA prabandhana EMENTS dhArmika vyavahAra prabandhana THE ELE samaya prabandhana GEMENT bhogopabhoga prabandhana zarIra prabandhana artha prabandhana abhivyakti prabandhana samAja prabandhana tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana paryAvaraNa prabandhana muni manISa sAgara For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kRti jaina AcAra mImAMsA meM jIvana prabandhana ke tattva (jaina vizvabhAratI vi.vi. lADanUM dvArA svIkRta zodha prabandha : san 2012) lekhaka pa.pU. A.bha. zrImajjinakailAzasAgarasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. ke AjJAnuvartI pa.pU. madhurabhASI muni zrI pIyUSasAgarajI ma.sA. ke praziSyaratna pa.pU. adhyAtmayogI zrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. ke ziSyaratna muni manISa sAgara (B.E., M.B.A., Ph.D.) pradhAna sampAdaka Agama marmajJa pro. (DaoN.) sAgaramala jaina (ema.e., pIeca.DI.) saMsthApaka nidezaka, prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.) saha sampAdaka zrI rAmakRSNa kAbarA (ema.I., ema.bI.e.) mukhya abhiyantA, ma.pra. vidyut maNDala (sevAnivRtta), indaura (ma.pra.) prakAzaka 1 prAcya vidyApITha dupAr3A roDa, zAjApura (ma.pra.) 465001 mo. 94248-76545, phona : 07364-222218 email : sagarmal.jain@gmail.com 2 jaina vijJAna evaM prabandhana saMsthAna 112, vikrama TaoNvara, sapanA saMgItA roDa, indaura, (ma.pra.) 452001 mo. 89894-08204, 93025-04646 email: varunkabra2008@gmail.com prathama saskaraNa san 2013 sahayoga rAzi (punaH prakAzanArtha) pratiyA~ 3000 phoTo seTiMga sacciyAyasa grAphika sTuDiyo, sUrata (guja.) mudraka chAjer3a priMTarI prAyaveTa limiTeDa 108, sTezana ror3a, ratalAma (ma.pra.) 13/978-81-910801-1-7 ISBN (c) kaoNpIrAITa sabhI adhikAra pustaka ke lekhaka va prakAzaka ke adhIna haiM, isalie koI bhI meTara yA citra lekhaka yA prakAzaka kI anumati ke binA na chaapeN| For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3- pAvana AzIrvAda - pa.pU. zAsana prabhAvaka kharataragacchAdhipati AcArya bhagavaMta zrImajjina kailAzasAgarasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. - zubhAzISa - - pa.pU. marUdharamaNi upAdhyAya pravara zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. pa.pU. sarala svabhAvI gaNivarya zrI pUrNAnandasAgarajI ma.sA. pa.pU. madhurabhASI munipravara zrI pIyUSasAgarajI ma.sA. pa.pU. svAdhyAyarasika zrI samyakratnasAgarajI ma.sA. preraNA evaM mArgadarzana pa.pU. adhyAtmayogI gurUdeva zrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. pa.pU. marUdharajyoti sAdhvIvaryA zrI maNiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. AtmIya sahayoga pa.pU. adhyAtmayogI zrI mahendrasAgara jI ma.sA., pa.pU. zrI manISasAgara jI ma.sA. ke ziSya ratna pa.pa. zrI vairAgyasAgara jI ma.sA. pa.pU. zrI vivekasAgara jI ma.sA. pa.pU. zrI RSabhasAgara jI ma.sA. pa.pU. zrI vardhamAnasAgara jI ma.sA. pa.pU. zrI virATsAgara jI ma.sA. For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ artha sahayogINa pa.pU. adhyAtmayogI munivara zrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. Adi ThANA 7 ke san 2011 ke aitihAsika cAturmAsa ke upalakSya meM zrI jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka zrI saMgha, khAcarauda ke jJAna khAte se 3. prApti sthAna 8 1.prAcya vidyApITha dupAr3A roDa, zAjApura (ma.pra.) 465001 mo. 94248-76545, phona : 07364-222218 email : sagarmal.jain@gmail.com 6. zrI subhASa jaina 18, eca.bI. TAUna, vardhamAna nagara, nAgapura (mahA.) 440008 mo. 93733-93722, phona : 0712-2721016 (7. divya darzana TrasTa zrI kumArapAla vi. zAha 39, kalikuNDa sosAyaTI, maphalIpura cAra rAstA, dholakA, ji. ahamadAbAda (guja.) 387810 phona : 02714-225482, 225981 2.jaina vijJAna evaM prabandhana saMsthAna 112, vikrama TaoNvara, sapanA saMgItA roDa, indaura, (ma.pra.) 452001 mo. 89894-08204, 93025-04646 email: jayantilal.rathore@yahoo.com 3.zrI jaina darzana vidyA saMsthAna 28, gaNeza kaoNlonI, dAdAvAr3I, rAmabAga, indaura (ma.pra.) 452002 mo. 98261-16865 email: vnahar06@yahoo.com 4.Adezvara selsa kaoNraporezana 51, zrImAla nivAsa, pUrNezvara mandira ke pAsa, ratalAma (ma.pra.) 457001 mo. 94251-04358, phona : 07412-234086 email : adeshwar.pen@yahoo.com 18. zrI pavana pArakha 201, svAgata kaoNmpaleksa, kadamapallI roDa, nAnapurA, sUrata (guja.) 395003 mo. 93747-17747, 98375-13783 email : parakhvineet@hotmail.com 19.AdinAtha jaina TrasTa 21, vI. vI. koIla sTrITa, cUlai, cainnaI (tamilanADu) 600112 phona : 044-26691616, 25322222 5.zrI AdinAtha jaina zvetAmbara tIrtha kaivalyadhAma, kumhArI, ji. durga (chattIsagar3ha) 490042 mo. 98271-44296 phona : 07821-247225 10.jaina kema. prAIveTa limiTeDa 10. maMDapama roDa, kilapAka gArDana, cainnaI (tamilanADu) mo. 98840-24252, phona : 044-26470600 email : jain.chem@vsnl.com For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samarpaNa jinakI dRSTi, jJAna aura cAritra jIvana-prabandhana kA pAtheya hai, un vItarAga paramAtmA ko sAdara samarpita.... ain Education International For Personal & Private Use Only |
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ " AzIrvacana abhinandana ke svara manISasAgarajI ma.sA. ko pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi milI, prasannatA huii| Apane 'jaina AcAramImAMsA meM jIvana - prabandhana ke tattva' viSaya para zodha kiyA va Apa grantha kA prakAzana karane jA rahe haiN| nizcita rUpa se yaha grantha sabhI dharma premI sAdhakoM sahita janasAmAnya kA mArgadarzana kregaa| 5 agasta, 2012 nAkor3A tIrtha maiM isa grantha ke prakAzana se jur3e sabhI mahAnubhAvoM ko sAdhuvAda preSita karatA hU~ tathA isake zIghra prakAzana kI maMgala kAmanA karatA hU~ / OM arham 80 parama pUjya zAsanaprabhAvaka kharataragacchAdhipati AcArya zrIjinakailAzasAgarasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. 21 sitambara, 2012 jasola (rAjasthAna) gacchahitecchu gacyA, mAcArya kA jina kailAzasAgarasAra kharataragacchAdhipati AcArya jinakailAzasAgarasUri jaina AcAra apane Apa meM eka viziSTa sAdhanA paddhati hai / usameM ahiMsA para bahuta sUkSmatA se dhyAna diyA gayA hai| vaha apane Apa meM vilakSaNa pratIta hotA / munizrI manISasAgarajI dvArA prastuta 'jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana - prabandhana ke tattva' eka vizAlakAya grantha hai| ve svAdhyAya ke kSetra meM vikAsa karate raheM / pAThaka ko isa grantha ke svAdhyAya se vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana - prabandhana kI samucita preraNA prApta ho / zubhAzaMsA / parama pUjya zAsanaprabhAvaka AcArya mahAzramaNajI abhinandana ke svara For Personal & Private Use Only AcArya mahAzramaNa
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8 zubhakAmanA cha parama pUjya marUdhara maNi upAdhyAya pravara zrImaNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. yaha jAnakara atyanta prasannatA kI anubhUti huI hai ki ApakA zodha-kArya pUrNatA ko prApta huA hai| jIvana meM samyak prabandhana kA abhAva , sabase bar3I samasyA hai| jIvana ke AcAra-vicAra, samaya Adi kA sahI prabandhana sIkha liyA jAe, to nizcita hI jIvana tanAva-rahita ho jAtA hai| aise samIcIna viSaya para Apane zodha-kArya kiyA hai - Agama kI chatra chAMva meM! yaha kArya sakala saMgha va mAnava jAti hetu upayogI sAbita hogaa| ____ Apane alpa samaya meM apratima medhA dvArA saMyama va jJAna ke kSetra meM samucita pragati kI hai, yaha zAsana va gaccha kA gaurava hai| gurUdeva se prArthanA hai ki jJAna-dhyAna ke kSetra meM Apa aura U~cAiyA~ prApta kara zAsana va gaccha kI sevA kreN| 03 akTUbara, 2012 mumbaI the heupAdhyAya maNiprabhasAgara ------- ------- 8 zubhAzISa , parama pUjya sarala svabhAvI gaNivarya zrIpUrNAnandasAgarajI ma.sA. yaha jAnakara atyanta prasannatA huI hai ki munizrI manISasAgarajI dvArA likhita 'jaina AcAra meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva' nAmaka grantha prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| nizcita hI yaha eka sarAhanIya prayAsa hai, jisase aneka loga lAbhAnvita hoNge| isakA sabase adhika viziSTa pahalU yaha hai ki isameM jIvana ke vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika - donoM pakSoM ke samucita vikAsa kA mArgadarzana kiyA gayA hai, yaha samanvaya anyatra durlabha hai| merA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki isameM zikSA, samaya, mana, vacana, kAyA , paryAvaraNa, samAja, artha, bhoga, dharma evaM adhyAtma ke prabandhana sambandhI jo vizada evaM vistRta carcA kI gaI hai, vaha vartamAna yuga meM atiprAsaMgika hai aura prabandhana-akAdamiyoM meM apanAne yogya hai| Age bhI, Apa isI prakAra sva-para upayogI prayatna karate raheM, yahI zubhAzISa / 20 sitambara, 2012 sailAnA (ma.pra.) gaNi pUrNAnandasAgara jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 22 2 22 2 32 22 2 ttaa. 8 zubhAzasA ka ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` kh kh kh kh kh kh shykh khy parama pUjya madhurabhASI munirAja zrIpIyUSasAgarajI ma.sA. manuSya cetana hai, padArtha acetana hai| cetana kI samasyA kA samAdhAna acetana nahIM kara sakatA vaha samasyA ke samAdhAna meM nimitta bana sakatA hai, upAdAna nhiiN| manuSya ko sAmAjika, pArivArika, rAjanItika, zaikSaNika, vyAvasAyika, dhArmika Adi anya-anya sambandhoM kA jIvana bhI jInA hotA hai, jisameM aneka prakAra kI samasyAe~ hotI haiN| vastutaH, jitane prakAra kA jIvana vaha jItA hai, utane hI prakAra kI samasyAe~ bhI rahatI haiN| ina saba samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kisI eka sUtra se kiyA jAe, yaha sambhava nahIM hai| samasyAe~ aneka haiM, to unake samAdhAna-sUtra bhI aneka haiN| mAnavIya samasyAoM kA vargIkaraNa mukhyatayA pA~ca prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAnavIya sambandhoM kI samasyA naitikatA kI samasyA sAmAjika viSamatA kI samasyA azAnti aura tanAva kI samasyA AdarzavAda aura yathArthavAda kI samasyA uparokta samasyAoM kA janaka AdamI kA mastiSka hai, yahI ulajhAtA hai, yahI jaTilatA paidA karatA hai| Azcarya yaha hai ki janma lene vAlI ina samasyAoM kI mRtyu aura samAdhAna bhI mAnava-mastiSka hI hai| ata eva niSkarSa yahI hai ki jaba taka mastiSka prazikSita aura pariSkRta nahIM hotA, jaba taka cetanA vikasita nahIM hotI. taba taka samasyAoM kA kSaNika samAdhAna bhale hI ho jAe lekina sthAyI samAdhAna nahIM ho sktaa| sthAyI samAdhAna ke lie vItarAga-vijJAna ke sampoSaka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'vibhajyavAda' kA bejor3a vikalpa diyaa| vibhajyavAda kA artha hai - hara samasyA ko vizleSita karake dekho, samasyAoM ko milAo mt| bAhya jIvana se sambaMdhita samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie sarvaprathama Antarika samasyAoM kA parimArjana kara unakA samAdhAna kro| jaise-jaise Antarika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hotA hai, vaise-vaise bAhya jIvana kI samasta samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM suvidhA ho jAtI hai| ikkIsavIM sadI ke kSitija para, bhautikatA ke sAdhana va sAmagriyA~ carama utkarSa para haiN| phira bhI mAnava kA jIvana nirAza, udAsa aura hatAza hai| aise vikarAla samaya va sthiti meM mAnava kI jIvanazailI ko amUlya upahAra pradAna karane, pa.pU. kharataragacchAdhipati sva. zrIjinamahodayasAgarasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. ke avirala, asIma anugraha se, yuvAmanISI, pAradarzI cintaka, vizuddha saMyamArAdhaka munipravara zrImanISasAgarajI ne jinavANI kI dariyA meM gaharI DubakI lagAkara vyAvahArika jIvana-prabandhana se hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy `y mymy `ym abhinandana ke svara 111 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ lekara AdhyAtmika jIvana-prabandhana jaise duSkara viSaya ko sarala bhASA meM prAMjala zailI ke dvArA prakaTa karane kA kArya kiyA hai, vaha abhinandanIya hI nahIM, anukaraNIya evaM abhivandanIya bhI hai| tAraka paramAtmA kI anamola vANI kA gahana cintana-manana-manthana kara Atmaja munivara ne yuga ko naI dizA, naI rAha pradAna kara pravRtti-bahula yuga meM nivRtti ke svara ko ubhArA hai| bAhara kI ora daur3atI duniyA ko apanI ora dekhane kI preraNA dI hai| inakI dakSatA evaM zrama - donoM ke sahayoga se "jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva" nAmaka zodha-grantha svayaM sauSThava banA huA hai| prayoga va abhyAsa kI dhurI se Apane jo anabhava cetanA kA vikAsa kiyA hai. usa anabhava cetanA kA jJAna jana-jana meM antara ke Ananda ko avatarita kre| AtmapipAsu, zAnti-samAdhi ke pathika Apake navya-bhavya jIvana-utkarSa udghoSa kA saumya bhAva se cintana, manana, vizleSaNa kara apane jIvana kI gaharAI kI jugAlI kreN| prastuta zodha grantha meM pratyakSa va parokSa rUpa se jinakA zrama, samarpaNa rahA una samasta jJAta-ajJAta mAnasa ko sAdhuvAda / ___ sAdhanA anusyUta jIvana meM apane dAyitva tathA karttavya ke prati jAgarUka rahate hue nirantara amRtopama cintana se jana-jana ko udbodhita karane kA anavarata prayatna karate rheN| usakI phalavattA Apake mokSa-pAtheya hetu asandigdha rhegii| 882.2.28 ny t t 2 2 3222 2 322 kaa k n r 2 k kaa t t t 8 8 8 882 t]]t222222882222 22.2 kt2 ny t h 28 dharmanAtha jinAlaya 85, ammana koila, cainnaI-79 25 agasta, 2012 jina mahodayasAgara sUri caraNaraja muni pIyUSa sAgara ----------900 --------- hArdika zubhakAmanA cha parama pUjyA svanAma dhanyA mahattarA sAdhvI zrIvinItAzrIjI ma.sA. yaha atyanta prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki parama pUjya zrImahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. kI pAvana kRpA se Apane apanA zodha-adhyayana sAnanda pUrNa kiyaa| vAstava meM yaha zodha-kArya kevala vidvAnoM va zodhakartAoM hI nahIM, apitu sAmAnyajana ke lie bhI jIvana-grAhya hogaa| hama isake prakAzana kI maMgala-belA meM Apako hRdaya se badhAI dete haiN| 10 navambara, 2012 vicakSaNa vineyA mahattarA vinItAzrI indaura my my fhmy mmy ny shy`y w IV jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8 hArdika abhinandana , parama pUjyA prajJA bhAratI pravartinI sAdhvI zrIcandraprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. Adhunika yuga meM vyakti ke lie naitikatA va adhyAtma kA patha apanAnA atyanta duSkara hai| isake do kAraNa haiM - vyakti ke lie na darzana evaM AcAra zAstroM kI jaTila bAteM samajha pAnA AsAna hai aura na hI vartamAna pariveza meM sanmArga ke sammukha hone kA mAhaula bhI use yathocita rUpa se milatA hai| aise kaThina hAlAtoM meM, Apake dvArA Alekhita zodha-prabandha 'jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ya hI Ane vAlI pIr3hI ke lie svayaM ko sahI rAha para agrasara karane ke lie sugama va rUcikara sAdhana bnegaa| isa zodha-prabandha kI prakAzana-belA meM hama Apako sAdhuvAda dete haiM aura yaha vizvAsa rakhate haiM ki yaha grantha nizcita hI janabhogya hogaa| ApakA punaH punaH hArdika abhinandana...... 10 navambara, 2012 bIkAnera pravartinI candraprabhAzrI ---------- --------- 8 abhivandanA..... - parama pUjyA marUdhara jyoti sAdhvI zrImaNiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. ApazrI dvArA Alekhita zodha-prabandha kA avalokana kara atiprasannatA huii| isa zodha-prabandha meM ApazrI ne vyaktitva ke sarvAGgINa vikAsa hetu AdhyAtmika granthoM kA gahana svAdhyAya, vijJAna evaM manovijJAna kA talasparzI adhyayana tathA sAdhanA sphUrta anubhava-cintana-manana se jIvana rUpAntaraNa ke samasta pahaluoM para sazakta lekhana kiyA hai| ApazrI kI sarala, spaSTa, vistRta zailI meM likhita yaha kRti 'svAntaHsukhAya parahitAya' avazya bnegii| zArIrika, bauddhika, mAnasika aura Atmika stara para jIvana kaise jiyA jAe? prApta zaktiyoM kA sadupayoga kisa prakAra kiyA jAe? isa sandarbha meM prazasta mArgadarzana kregii| zodha prabandha prakAzana ke isa avasara para hArdika zubhakAmanA saha punaH punaH vndn| bhAnam 30 julAI, 2012 bhadrAvatI sAdhvI maNiprabhAzrI , mHmd mHh mh khh m mh sh my m - . m m - H y my mh mhmyh myN khhh rhy thy. Hm my m hm my khm bh hmh my my my my my my my abhinandana ke svara For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8 sAbhinandana zubhakAmanA - svAmI govindadeva giri (AcArya kizora vyAsa) apane priya svadeza kA nAma bhAratavarSa hai| 'bhArata' zabda kA artha hI 'jJAna kI AbhA, yAne prakAza meM nirantara nimagna rahane vAlA deza' aisA hai| apane prAcIna samRddha vAGmayabhANDAra kI ora dRSTipAta karate hI isa nAma kI sArthakatA dhyAna meM AtI hai| lagabhaga aisA koI viSaya hI nahIM dikhatA, jisake bAre meM prAcIna bhAratIya manISiyoM ne mArgadarzana na kiyA ho| Ajakala sarvatra pracalita prabandhana-zAstra bhI isameM apavAda nahIM hai| maharSi vedavyAsa praNIta mahAbhArata kA parizIlana karate hue mujhe bArabAra lagatA hai ki yaha prabandhana-zAstra kA ziromaNi grantha hai| zrI kSetra puSkara rAja meM isa viSaya kI carcA zrIrAmakRSNajI kAbarA (indaura) ke sAtha karate samaya patA calA ki jIvana-prabandhana viSayaka vyApaka anusandhAna AdaraNIya munizrI manISasAgarajI mahArAja ne kiyA hai aura ApakA vaha prabandha prakAzana ke mArga para hai| merI jijJAsA para zrI kAbarAjI ne prakAzya grantha kI eka prati mujhe bheja dii| _ 'jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva' isa bRhad grantha ke mahattvapUrNa prakaraNoM kA vAcana aura zeSa grantha kA prasaMgopAta avalokana karake maiM sAzcarya Ananda vibhora ho gyaa| adhyayanazIla AdaraNIya jaina munivaroM se merA dIrghakAlIna paricaya evaM satsaMga rahA hai| isameM zraddheya munizrI manISasAgarajI mahArAja ke adhyayana kI vyApakatA, cintana kI gaharAI aura lekhana kI spaSTatA dekhakara maiM AhlAdita huaa| bhAratIya saMskRti kI eka zobhAyamAna pakSa jaina-darzana evaM zramaNa-paramparA hai| jainAgamoM meM atra-tatra bikhare hue prabandhana-kalA ke sUtroM ko sUkSmatA se cunakara munizrI ne isa grantha meM kuzalatA se gUMthA hai| asala meM prAcIna jaina-sAhitya kA navIna dRSTikoNa se adhyayana evaM prasthApanA karake munizrI ne eka nayA AyAma hI ujAgara kara diyA hai| zikSAprabandhana, samayaprabandhana, zarIraprabandhana tathA sAmAjika evaM dhArmikavyavahAra prabandhana - ye zabda hI jIvana kI ora dekhane kA eka alaga dRSTikoNa pradAna kara dete haiN| zraddheya munizrI kA vivecana pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI prabandhana viSayaka paribhASA evaM vicAroM ke saMkalana tathA samIkSA ke sAtha prArambha hotA hai| pR. 60 para Adhunika bhautikatApradhAna jIvanazailI ke duSpariNAmoM kI saTIka prastuti hai tathA antima pRSThoM para pradatta 'bhautika aura Arthika vikAsa yadyapi jIvana jIne ke lie Avazyaka haiM, phira bhI unakA samyak prabandhana to naitika, dhArmika tathA AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM para hI AdhArita hogA' - yaha niSkarSa na kevala pUrNatayA satya hai, balki yahI bhAratIya saMskRti kA sArabhUta udghoSa hai| isa sAMskRtika udghoSa ko akhaNDa adhyavasAya se zraddheya munizrI ne Adhunika paribhASA meM sudRr3ha tArkika AdhAra dekara paripuSTa kiyA, isalie ApakA punaH-punaH hArdika abhinndn| grantha ke sarvatra pracArArtha shubhkaamnaaeN| 10 agasta, 2012 (zavidezIra ___ dharmazrI, puNe zrIkRSNa janmASTamI svAmI govindadeva giri myN my . js my m m m m m m m mm my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my jmy. m syd m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m mrh mrh mn hmyshh s`y my mrdm V1 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 0 jIvana U~cAI aura acchAI ke hastAkSara >> jinazAsanaratna, prANimitra zrIkumArapAla bhAI vi. zAha 'dullahe khalu mANuse bhave' yAni 'nizcaya hI bar3A durlabha hai manuSya honA' (bhagavAn mahAvIra), 'bar3e bhAga mAnuSa tana pAvA' (tulasIdAsajI), 'sabAra upara mAnuSa rAta, tumAra upara nAhI' yAni manuSya se bar3hakara jagat meM aura kucha nahIM (baMgAlI cnnddiidaas)| manuSya saMsAra kA V.I.P. Person hai, 'saba jIvana meM sabase U~cA mAnava jIvana hai', 'manuSya honA hI mUlyavAn ghaTanA hai, apUrva avasara hai|' isa jIvana meM vicAra, uccAra evaM AcAra sahI banAne kA sunaharA avasara prApta hotA hai| pasaMda apanI apanI! manuSya hI nara, vAnara yA nArAyaNa bana sakatA hai| jAnavara, AdamI, phariztA, khudA ityAdi AdamI kI hI saikar3oM kismeM haiN| mAnava cAhe to iMsAna, bhAgyavAn aura mahAn bhI ho sakatA hai| yadi AdamI banane meM asaphala ho jAve, to vaha jAnavara se bhI badatara bana jAtA hai| sAvadhAna! janma se anta taka bakarI bakarI rahatI hai, kauA kauA rahatA hai| jAnavara jAnavara rahatA hai, lakSya inakA sImita hai, manuSya ke lie lakSya asIma hai| manuSya ko janma ke bAda siddha karanA par3atA hai ki vaha svayaM manuSya hai| Aie, asIma kI ora agrasara hoM! bAjAra, kheta, skUla aura dUkAna jAne vAlA jAnatA hai ki maiM kisalie jA rahA huuN| kyA hama jAnate haiM ki hama kauna haiM va hamArI maMjila kyA hai? manuSya janma vizeSa hai| rote hue janma lenA, zikAyatoM meM jIvana jIte rahanA aura nirAzA ke kohare meM dama tor3anA manuSya janma kI sArthakatA nahIM hai| viziSTa jIvana meM viziSTa kArya karane meM hI janma kI sArthakatA hai! parama pUjya munirAja zrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. aura munirAja zrI manISasAgarajI ma.sA. jaina paramparA ke zramaNa-ratna haiN| indaura (ma.pra.) nivAsI donoM santa ucca zikSA prApta (injIniyara/ema.bI.e.) haiN| Atma-sAdhaka aura satya-zodhaka munizrI AtmAnubhUti evaM Atmadarzana kI U~cAiyoM ko chU rahe haiN| svAdhyAya kA Ananda, AtmAnubhUti kA AsvAda, hara samaya samatA aura samAdhi kI prApti tathA jIvana-prabandhana kI dizA kI ora agrasara hone vAle muniratna zrI manISasAgarajI mahArAja ne apane lie aura sabake lie 'jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva' mahAnibandha prastuta kiyA hai| prastuta grantha U~cAI aura acchAI kA hastAkSara hai| yaha grantha jIvana ke hara kSetra meM saphalatA ke lie saccI dRSTi aura sahI digdarzaka (gAIDa) bhI hai| AkRti ke manuSya ko vAstava meM prakRti kA manuSya banAne meM sakSama bhI hai| Aie, isa Text Book ko apane jIvana kI Taste Book bhI bnaayeN| parama pUjya munirAjazrI ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karate hue abhinandana ke sAtha vandana karatA huuN| 03 agasta, 2012 dholakA kumArapAla vi. zAha sy m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m j m mr mr myN myN myN ny hyN myN myN ` ny myN m by Hsy my shy shy shy shy shy shy my my my my my my my shymy abhinandana ke svara For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ & vandanA ke svara jaina dharma ke darzana para aneka grantha aura pustakeM prakAzita huI haiN| isa dharma ke pAlana hetu niyama, anuzIlana Adi ke bAre meM upadeza, vyAkhyAna, AlekhoM se bahuta jAnane, sunane, par3hane ko mila jAtA hai| bahuta prAcIna kAla ke granthoM meM isa dharma kI vyAkhyA, zikSA, mahattA kA vivaraNa milatA hai / pUjA, ArAdhanA, vandana kI likhita aura mudrita racanAoM, gAthAoM, zlokoM ko jaina dharmAvalambI atyanta sammAna, Adara aura vizvAsa ke sAtha prabhu darzana kI prakriyA ke rUpa meM, dhyAna lagAkara uccArita karate haiN| unakA artha samajha meM Ae na Ae, usakI icchA kie binA uccAraNa ke laya aura bhAvanA kI ekAgratA se prabhudarzana kI saMtuSTi milatI hai / para kyA ? itanA hI aura aise prabhudarzana aura prabhu ArAdhanA karanA kisI ko bhI sampUrNa svarUpa meM jaina banA detA hai| kyA itanI kriyA mAtra se svayaM ke jaina hone kI saMtuSTi kI iti hai ? vinayapUrvaka kahanA cAhU~gA - aisA soca satahI taura para svayaM ko saMtuSTa rakhane se adhika kucha nahIM hai / Shri Abhay Chajlani (Padmashri, D.Lit.) Ex-Chief Editor, 'Naiduniya', Indore isa soca ke bAda prazna uThatA hai, phira koI kyA kare? jisase mana ko jaina dharma ke pAlana se saMtoSa mile| jaina dharma ko svIkAra karane vAle ke liye yaha mahattvapUrNa hai ki vaha apane jIvana meM pA~ca guNoM kA paripAlana kare (1) ahiMsA, (2) dayA, (3) satya, (4) anekAMtavAda, (5) aparigraha | dainaMdina jIvana meM, teja raphtAra se parivartita ho rahI paristhitiyoM, sAdhanoM aura naitika mUlyoM ke kamajora hone kI sthiti meM, ina pA~ca AdarzoM kA pAlana kara pAnA kaise sambhava hai? isa nirAzA kA uttara milatA hai pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi se sammAnita zodha prabandha, "jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana - prabandhana ke tattva (eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana ) " se| jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya (lADanU~) kI svIkRti se kie gae zodha-prabandha ke zodhArthI haiM- muni manISasAgara jI / jaina-dharma ko samaya va paristhitiyoM ke anusAra, aMgIkAra karane hetu jitanI saralatA aura sahajatA ke sAtha vizleSita kara samajhAne kI koziza unhoMne kI hai, vaha sarAhanIya hai| dharma ke purAne granthoM kI bhASA meM jo samajha pAnA muzkila hai, use isa zodha-grantha ne AsAna kara diyA hai| jaina dharma kA eka gambhIra kSetra hai svAdhyAya, dhyAna, tapasyA Adi, para sabhI ke liye isa rAste para calanA AsAna nahIM hotaa| agara jaina dharma - anuyAyI isa zodha kArya ke vivaraNoM, vizleSaNa ko bhI samajha pAe~, to dharma kA AdhAra aura adhika maz2abUta aura sahaja ho sakatA hai| ve parivartita ho rahe hAlAtoM meM bhI jaina-darzana meM sthApita jIvana-paddhati ko gambhIratA se samajha skeNge| munivara ko praNAma / isa lekhana para kisI ke mana meM kucha anyathA TippaNI lagatI ho, to karabaddha micchAmi dukkar3a / 22 akTUbara, 2012 indaura vill jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only abhaya jalAnI abhaya chajalAnI
Page #17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8 eka adbhuta grantha... cha Shri Gopal Swaroop Mathur Senior Journalist, 'Naiduniya', Indore munizrI manISa sAgarajI ma.sA. dvArA likhita zodha grantha "jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva" par3hane kA avasara milaa| jaina dharma ke samagra va sUkSma darzana ke pariprekSya meM jIvana-prabandhana kA yaha zodha grantha adbhuta hai| aneka dharma granthoM kA sAra va vidvAnoM kA uddharaNa isa grantha ke uddezyoM ko saphala banAtA hai| munizrI kA parizrama va lakSya stutya hai| mArgadarzaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA AzIrvAda phalIbhUta ho gayA hai| aneka prnnaam| ____09 agasta, 2012 akiMcana 216, dvArakApurI, indaura gopAla svarUpa mAthura DaDaDaDaDaDa ----------- --------- 8 anta:sphurita svarAvalI... " Dr. Prakash Bangani (MBBS, FAAOS - USA) Consultant & Managing Director Arihant Hospital & Research Centre, Indore Ex-Associate Prof. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Uni., USA manISI munizrI manISasAgarajI ma.sA. ne pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi hetu 'jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana prabandhana ke tattva' viSaya para jo zodha adhyayana kiyA hai, vaha jaina dharma ke dhArmika pakSa ke alAvA zAntimaya jIvana jIne kI kalA kA mArgadarzana bhI karatA hai| Aja ke bhautika yuga meM jahA~ mAnava arAjakatA, azAnti evaM udvegatA meM jI rahA hai, kauna mAnava zAnti evaM Ananda meM jInA nahIM cAhegA? isa zodha-grantha meM zAntimaya jIvana jIne ke lie jo Avazyaka hai, vaise hara pahalU, jaise - zikSA, samaya, artha, paryAvaraNa, samAja prabandhana Adi kA sarala evaM sarasa bhASA meM vivecana jaina-zAstroM ke AdhAra para prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura yaha vizvazAnti ke lie eka prazasta upAya hai| munizrI manISasAgarajI ma.sA. isa adhyayana ko pustaka ke rUpa meM prastuta kara rahe haiM, yaha nizcaya hI pAThaka ko zAntimaya jIvana kI rAha para le jaayegaa| isa prayAsa ke lie munizrI evaM mArgadarzaka DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ko zata-zata vndn| 22 akTUbara, 2012 indaura DaoN. prakAza bAMgAnI abhinandana ke svara For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ GB svarAjali cha Er. R. K. Kabra (M.E., M.B.A.) & Er. J. L. Rathore (M.E.) Ex-Chief Engineer, M.P. Elect. Board parama pUjya adhyAtmayogI zrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. kI preraNA se parama pUjya yuvAmanISI zrImanISasAgarajI (pUjya zrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. ke sAMsArika putra) ne "jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva" para jo anUThI va vilakSaNa pustaka kI racanA kI hai, usake marma (Essence) ko samajhane kA saubhAgya mujhe prApta huaa| gahana cintana-manana se sIdhe-sarala zabdoM meM racita yaha pustaka eka 15 varSa ke bAlaka se 80 sAla ke bujurga vyakti ke jIvana ke sampUrNa AyAmoM ko sparza karatI hai, cAhe ve vaiyaktika jIvana se sambandhita - zikSA, samaya, zarIra, abhivyakti evaM mana prabandhana ho, sAmAjika jIvana se sambandhita - paryAvaraNa, samAja, parivAra, artha evaM bhogopabhoga prabandhana ho athavA AdhyAtmika jIvana se sambandhita dharma evaM AdhyAtmika prabandhana kyoM na ho| jIvana-prabandhana ke sUkSma se sUkSma vyavahAra ke bAre meM jaina dharma kyA batAtA hai, isakA saiddhAntika (Theoretical) aura vyAvahArika (Practical) mArgadarzana yaha grantha karatA hai| kisI bhI dharma kA koI bhI vyakti 'jIvana-nirvAha' yA usase bar3hakara 'AtmakalyANa (jIvana-nirmANa)' hetu isa sadgrantha kA adhyayana kara isameM nirdiSTa prabandhana-sUtroM ko jIvana meM apanA sakatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana, jIvana-vijJAna, jIvana-kalA para Aja pUre vizva meM kaI prakAra kI sAmagriyA~ va prayogAtmaka vidhiyA~ upalabdha haiM, para ina sabhI meM prAyaH kucha na kucha apUrNatA rahI haiN| kisI ne dharma artha, kAma - isa trivarga ko hI jIvana-sAdhya mAnakara mokSa purUSArtha kA lopa kara diyA hai, to kisI ne bhautika saMskRti se prabhAvita hokara, kAma aura artha kI vAsanA se grasita hokara mokSa (parama zAnti) tathA isake sAdhanarUpa dharma (naitikatA) kI hI upekSA kara dI hai| mujhe lagatA hai, jIvana-prabandhana ke sabhI pakSoM kA santulita rUpa munizrI manISasAgarajI ke isa grantha ke dvArA prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa zreSTha kRti kA upayoga bhaviSya meM anya kAryoM, jaise - skUla evaM kaoNleja ke thiyoriTikala/prekTikala korsesa Adi hetu kiyA jA sakatA hai| nizcaya hI yaha grantha 'mAnava' meM 'mAnavatA' lAne hetu Aja eka upayogI kRti hai aura naitika patana ko rokane hetu eka upayogI sAdhana (Tool) bhii| manuSya isakA adhika se adhika paThana kara isakI zikSAoM ko jIvana meM utAra sake, to isa grantha kI sArthakatA hogii| eka sujhAva bhI hai ki isa grantha ko vizvavyApI banAne hetu isakA aMgrejI saMskaraNa prakAzita ho sake, to uttama hogaa| isa zreSTha grantha ke prakAzana ke zubha avasara para pa.pU. munizrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. evaM munizrI manISasAgarajI ma.sA. Adi ThANA 7 ko sAdara praNAma va vandana 25 sitambara, 2012 indaura rAmakRSNa kAbarA / jayantilAla rAThaur3a y sy sy my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my myry `mr my jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #19
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8 bahumUlya kRti 80 jIvana eka anupama upahAra hai| paryAvaraNa dUsarA mahattvapUrNa upahAra hai| jIvana aura paryAvaraNa kA sAmaMjasya banA rahe, isa hetu Avazyaka hai ki hama jIvana ko saMyamita aura anuzAsita rakhate hue prakRti se najadIkI banAye rakheM, isIlie AvazyakatA hai jIvana ko prabandhita karane kI / hama apanA kaeNriyara prabandhita karate haiM; artha, svAsthya, zarIra, zikSA, parivAra, rizte-nAte Adi prabandhita karate haiM, lekina mana, bhASA aura sva- AtmA ko prabandhita kare bagaira hama sampUrNa jIvana ko prabandhita karane kI kalpanA nahIM kara sakate / prastuta pustaka meM jIvana kI samasta vidhAoM ko prabandhita kara sundara evaM saphala jIvana jIne kI kalA adbhuta zailI meM vyakta kI gaI hai / adhyAtmapremI munirAja zrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. ke suziSya svAdhyAyapremI yuvAmanISI munizrI manISasAgarajI ma.sA. ne jIvana- prabandhana viSaya ko apane zodhakArya meM zAmila kara jinazAsana ko eka bahumUlya kRti pradAna kI hai| unheM koTizaH vandana / 20 sitambara, 2012 indaura Prof. (Dr.) Virendra Nahar Director, Jain Darshan Vidya Sansthan, Indore Director, Jain Shwetambar Professional Acadamy, Indore jana-jana ke lie preraka kRti 7 agasta, 2012 indaura nAha "jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana - prabandhana ke tattva" pustaka kA avalokana kara abhibhUta hU~ / jIvana ke hara pahalU para gahana cintana samAhita hai| nizcita rUpa se jaina dharma pUrNa vaijJAnika hokara jIvana ko mUlyavAn banAne meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna pradAna karatA hai| merI to yaha balavatI abhilASA hai jaina-dharma jana-dharma bana jAe, to vizva vartamAna vyApta durdazA se mukta ho sakegA / nizcita rUpa se pustaka kI amUlya sAmagrI jana-jana ko preraNA degI / DaoN. vIrendra nAhara Prof. Bal Krishna Nilose Ex-Principal, Holkar Science College, Indore abhinandana ke svara For Personal & Private Use Only pro. bAlakRSNa nilose X1
Page #20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 74 hRdaya ke udgAra & kisI bhI jIvana kI saphalatA artha, kAma, dharma aura mokSa ke samyak purUSArtha para avalambita hotI hai aura purUSArtha AdhArita hotA hai Adarza prabandhana para / yaha prabandhana jIvana ke sarva AyAmoM para lAgU hotA hai, cAhe vaha prabandhana zikSA kA ho yA samaya, zarIra, abhivyakti, tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAra, paryAvaraNa, samAja, artha, bhogopabhoga, dhArmika-vyavahAra, AdhyAtmika - vikAsa yA anya kisI aura viSaya kA / Dr. Gyan Jain (B.Tech., M.A., Ph.D.) Managing Director, Jainchem Pvt. Ltd., Chennai Editor, Khartara Vani (Jain Patrika), Chennai yadi sukhAbhAsa ke lie AvazyakatA hai artha aura kAma ke purUSArtha ke prabandhana kI, to zAzvat sukha ke lie tathA duHkha nivAraNa ke lie nitAnta jarUrata hai dharma aura mokSa prabandhana kI / hamArI duHkhabharI samasyA yaha hai ki hamane jIvana maMca para artha aura kAma ke prabandhana ko to protsAhana diyA, dharma aura mokSa prabandhana ko sahI mAyano meM nagaNya kara diyaa| zraddheya munipravara zrI manISasAgarajI kA yaha zodha - grantha jIvana ke prAyaH hara pahalU ke vibhinna pakSoM kA gUr3ha vivecana karate hue yahI darzAtA hai ki darzana, jJAna, cAritra kI samyak samajha hI jIvana ko rAga, dveSa aura moha se mukta kara, kaSAya se rikta kara, vikAra aura vikRtiyoM se vimukha kara, AzAtIta siddhazilA ke pAvana pavitra Asana para ArUr3ha karatI hai| cainnaI 10 agasta, 2012 pUjanIya gurUbhagavanta prabuddhatA evaM pravINatA se hara viSaya kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai aura antatogatvA yaha siddha karane meM saphala hue haiM ki jIvana - prabandhana kA lakSya eka ora kSamA, mArdava, Arjava tathA santoSa kI saMvedanAoM kA prAdurbhAva hai, to dUsarI aura Atmavat sarvabhUteSU kI vaha samajha hai, jo maitrI, pramoda, karUNA aura mAdhyastha bhAvanA ko ujAgara karatI hai evaM jisake lie vinaya, viveka ke AdhAra para sahiSNutA kA samyak pATha anivArya hai / xii - Aja ke unmArga vAtAvaraNa ke lie gurUvara kA yaha sanmArga preraka zodha-grantha hara eka pAThaka ke lie prajJA kA Aloka bana anuprekSA, pariSaha - jaya aura cAritra pariNati kA sazakta hetu bane, yahI zubhAkAMkSA jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only DaoN. jJAna jaina
Page #21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ - 8 abhinandana evaM anuzaMsA patra hai Prof. (Dr.) D. D. Bandiste (Retd.) M.A. (Phil.) M.A. (Psy.), LL.B. Ph.D. mujhe hRdaya se prasannatA ho rahI hai ki muni manISasAgarajI kA pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi hetu prastuta zodha prabandha "jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva" pustaka ke rUpa meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| isa prakAzana se pustaka ke rUpa meM upalabdha hone ke kAraNa samAja ko bhI kAphI lAbha hogaa| maiM to yaha bhI cAhatA hU~ ki muni manISasAgarajI aura bhI kucha pustakeM likheM aura prakAzita krvaaeN| punaH abhinandana ke sAtha...... 07 agasta, 2012 indaura (ma.pra.) phlt DI. DI. baMdiSTe ----------- --------- 8 sAhitya ke kSetra meM eka mUlyavAn hastakSepa - Prof. (Dr.) Rajendra Chajlani (Retd.) ____Dept. of Physics, Vikram University, Ujjain. (M.P.) jaina darzana ke AdhAra para jIvana-prabandhana kI dizA meM vistRta vivecanApUrNa zodha para AdhArita yaha prayAsa stutya hai| jaina darzana mUla rUpa se eka jIvanazailI hai| isakA kucha bhAga Adhunika vijJAna dvArA pratipAdita jIvana mUlyoM se mela khAtA hai| prakRti aura manuSya jIvana ke santulana ke mahattva ko vistAra se samajhakara jIvana meM utArane kI dizA meM yaha grantha eka mahattvapUrNa preraka hai| vidvAn lekhaka munizrI manISasAgarajI ma.sA. ne isa zodhagrantha ko likhane meM aneka granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai tathA sArarUpa meM jIvana-prabandhana ke sUtra prastuta kiye haiN| tanAva, zarIra, paryAvaraNa, na ke sandarbha meM zodha dvArA jo niyama pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM, unakA anukaraNa sAmAnya manuSya AsAnI se kara sakatA hai| svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI dvArA apanA mUlyAMkana karane kA avasara bhI prastuta prabandha detA hai| isa mulyAMkana ko AdhAra banAkara evaM navIna prayoga kara kucha siddhAntoM ko jIvana meM sthAyI rUpa se sthApita karane kA mArgadarzana isameM nihita hai| jainadarzana ke aura AdhunikavijJAna ke siddhAntoM kI samAnatAoM/asamAnatAoM ko rekhAMkita kara vistRta anekAnta dRSTi isameM prastuta kI gaI hai| yaha adhyetA kI vijJAna-pRSThabhUmi ke kAraNa hI sambhava ho sakA hai| kula milAkara, vartamAna 'prabandhana' ke yuga meM jIvana-prabandhana para kiye jA rahe vibhinna samakAlIna prayAsoM ke bIca yaha eka mUlyavAn hastakSepa hai| 12 agasta, 2012 ujjaina (ma.pra.) DaoN. rAjendrakumAra chajalANI r r r r r r r r r r r r m m m m m m m m m m abhinandana ke svara X111 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #22
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ t rt 3 t rt t rt lt n te r t 8 svastha samAja kA digdarzaka grantha - Prof. (Dr.) Jayanti Lal Bhandari (D.Lit: Director, Acro Tolis Ins. of Research & Management, Indore munizrI manISasAgarajI ma.sA. ne pIeca.DI. upAdhi hetu "jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva" viSaya para jo zodha adhyayana kiyA hai, vaha jaina-darzana ke AdhyAtmika pakSa ke sAtha jaina-darzana kI jIvana-prabandhana meM vyAvahArika upayogitA ko bhI prastuta karatA hai| vAstava meM adhikAMza loga abhI yahI samajhate haiM ki jaina-darzana kevala dhArmika kriyAkalApoM taka hI sImita hai, lekina isa zodha adhyayana ke bAda jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha jainetara logoM ko bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa bAta mAlUma hogI ki jaina-darzana jIvana jIne kI kalA, zikSA kI jarUratoM, samayaprabandhana, zarIraprabandhana, abhivyaktiprabandhana, mastiSkaprabandhana, paryAvaraNaprabandhana, samAjaprabandhana evaM arthaprabandhana se bhI jur3A huA zodha-adhyayana ke niSkarSoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina-darzana na kevala eka dhArmika evaM naitika insAna ke nirmANa meM mArgadarzana karatA hai, varan eka acche parivAra, acche samAja, acche rASTra aura acche vizva ke lie bhI mArgadarzana karatA hai| isa zodha-adhyayana meM prayukta prAcIna evaM Adhunika prAmANika tathA prAsaMgika sandarbho se zodha kA mahattva bar3ha gayA hai| isa zodha meM zvetAmbara ke sAtha-sAtha digambara granthoM kA bhI upayoga huA hai| sAtha hI, khyAti prApta jainadarzanazAstrI DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke zodha-nidezaka hone se nizcita hI munizrI manISasAgarajI ma.sA. kA zodha-adhyayana jaina dharma aura darzana kA mahattva deza aura duniyA meM bddh'aaegaa| hama AzA kareM ki jisa taraha munizrI ne pIeca.DI. ke lie zodha ke mAdhyama se jaina-darzana ke achUte, kintu upayogI AyAmoM ko zikSA jagat evaM samAja ke sammukha kiyA hai, usI taraha ve aba ka samarpita prayAsa karake isI upayogI viSaya ko zodha kSetra kI uccatama DigrI DI.liTa ke lie Age bddh'aaeN| nizcita rUpa se aise uccatama zodha-adhyayana kI aura adhika upayogitA hogI aura isase jaina-darzana kI pratiSThA aura adhika sudRr3ha hotI huI dikhAI degii| anta meM, yahA~ para yaha likhA jAnA upayukta hai ki munizrI ke zodha-adhyayana para AdhArita pustaka jana-jana ke lie upayogI hogii| sAra 04 agasta, 2012 indaura DaoN. jayantIlAla bhaNDArI my hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy my my XIV jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandara hy my shy shy shy shy khy khmy myN mny khy khmy khy jaina jIvanazailI para AdhArita eka zreSTha kRti cha ____Prof. (Dr.) Anupam Jain Head of Department (Mathematics) Ex-Controller of Examination Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore sUcanA aura saMcAra krAnti ke isa yuga meM jJAna kA visphoTa huA hai aura vizeSajJa isa jJAna ke prabandhana meM juTe haiN| unakI prAthamikatAoM ke krama meM arthaprabandhana evaM samayaprabandhana to hai, kintu samAja, paryAvaraNa, vyavahAra aura una sabase Upara jIvana-prabandhana gauNa ho gaye haiN| samyak sUcanAoM ke abhAva meM jainadharma aura jainazAstroM meM nihita jJAna sampadA se vizva akAdamika samudAya sadiyoM se anabhijJa rhaa| bIsavIM sadI meM jaina AgamasAhitya tathA usake vyAkhyAsAhitya ke prakAza meM Ane se cintakoM kA dhyAna isameM nihita jJAnanidhi kI ora AkRSTa huA evaM vigata 2-3 dazakoM meM isameM nihita tathyoM kA na kevala AdhyAtmika va dArzanika dRSTi se, apitu jIvanazailI ke vividha pakSoM kI dRSTi se bhI vizleSaNa huA aura jainadharma ke sAmAjika sarokAroM ko bhI pramukhatA se rekhAMkita kiyA jAne lagA hai| vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI munizrI manISasAgarajI ne samagra jainasAhitya kA AloDana kara usameM se amRtamayI jIvana-prabandhana ke sUtroM ko nikAlA hai| 14 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta zodha prabandha meM zikSA, zarIra, abhivyakti, tanAva, paryAvaraNa, samAja, artha, bhogopabhoga, dhArmika-vyavahAra evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa prabandhana jaise samasAmayika viSayoM ko eka-eka adhyayana meM vivecita kiyA hai| merI dRSTi se , pratyeka adhyAya eka pUrNa pustaka hai, kyoMki usameM na kevala jaina sAhitya meM Agata viSayoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai, apitu usakA vartamAna sAmAjika samasyAoM ke pariprekSya meM vizleSaNa kara jIvana kI guNavattA ko sa~vArane meM usakI upayogitA aura AvazyakatA bhI pratipAdita kI hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue pUjya munizrI ne saTIka likhA hai :- "yadyapi jainadarzana nivRttiparaka hai, tathApi vaha pravRtti kI pUrNa upekSA nahIM krtaa| vaha nivRttimUlaka pravRtti kI bAta karatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana bhoga kI maryAdAoM kA sImAkaMna karake yahI batAtA hai ki hama kisa prakAra jie~, jisase hama AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI U~cAiyoM ko sparza kara skeN| ataH hameM jahA~ jIvana ke mahattva ko samajhanA hogA, vahIM jIvana ke prabandhana kI mahattA ko bhI svIkAra karanA hogaa|" grantha ke sabhI 14 adhyAyoM meM diye gaye saTIka sandarbha sthala aura anta meM dI gaI vistRta sandarbha grantha sUcI ne isa grantha ko saMgrahaNIya banA diyA hai| jahA~ sampUrNa zodha-prabandha zodha-pipAsuoM evaM pustakAlayoM ke liye atyanta Avazyaka hai, vahIM isakA pratyeka adhyAya jaina dharma ko Adhunika pariprekSya meM samajhane kI jijJAsA rakhane vAloM ke lie paThanIya evaM upayogI hai| jaina jIvanazailI kI pratipAdaka isa zreSTha kRti kI prastuti hetu maiM pUjya munizrI ke caraNoM meM namostu nivedita karatA huuN| 10 agasta, 2012 Coindaura DaoN. anupama jaina b hy hy hy hy thy myN `mr khy thy ` ` ` ` m m fyh fy hm hm mmy mmy mmy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy `y` `lmy mr y dr hm my hm `mry myN mry `mrh myN tm h m m h hm my shd. hr my w m m m m m m mrG my rsm y mHmd `mr hmh mhmy mhry hrm abhinandana ke svara For Personal & Private Use Only XV
Page #24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ eka asAdhAraNa upalabdhi & mujhe yaha jAnakara harSa hai ki parama zraddheya munizrI manISasAgarajI mahArAja sAhaba unake zodha prabandha "jaina AcAramImAMsA meM jIvana - prabandhana ke tattva : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana" para jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanU~ (rAjasthAna) dvArA jaina vidyA evaM tulanAtmaka dharma darzana saMkAya ke antargata pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| yaha aura bhI harSa kA viSaya hai ki uparokta zodha prabandha kA prakAzana eka pustaka ke rUpa meM sarvasAdhAraNa saha manISiyoM ke adhyayana evaM kalyANa hetu prastAvita hai| Prof. (Dr.) Ravindra Jain M.Com (Gold Med.), Ph.D. (Busi. Mgt.), FDPM (IIM-A) Ex-V. C., Barkatullah University, Bhopal Chairman, Faculty of Mgt. Studies, Vikram Uni., Ujjain uparokta eka zodha prabandha ke antargata lagabhaga eka darjana viSayoM kA samAveza zraddheya muni manISasAgarajI ke zreSTha jJAnabala va tapobala kA dyotaka hai / jIvanaprabandhana, zikSAprabandhana, samayaprabandhana, zarIraprabandhana, abhivyaktiprabandhana, tanAvaprabandhana, paryAvaraNaprabandhana, samAjaprabandhana, arthaprabandhana, bhogopabhogaprabandhana, dhArmikavyavahAraprabandhana, AdhyAtmikavikAsaprabandhana inameM se pratyeka eka vicAra yA eka viSaya se pare aba eka viSaya samUha evaM eka pRthak saMkAya ( A Separate Discipline ) ke rUpa meM tabdIla ho cuke haiM aura ina sabhI ko eka sAtha kalamabaddha karake eka sUtra meM pironA eka asAdhAraNa upalabdhi hai, jo ki janasAdhAraNa ke jIvana ko uttarottara behatara banAne hetu zraddheya munizrI manISasAgarajI kI pratibaddhatA kI dyotaka hai| 12 agasta, 2012 ujjaina (ma.pra.) XVI mujhe aisI bhI anubhUti hotI hai ki munizrI apane puNya saMcaya ke pratiphala meM uparokta pustaka ke mAdhyama se sarvasAdhAraNa ko apanA hissedAra banAnA cAhate haiN| AzA hai hama saba adhika se adhika logoM ko uparokta jJAna AtmasAt karane aura apanA jIvana gauravapUrNa banAne kI dizA meM abhiprerita kreNge| - jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only ravIndra jaina
Page #25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ by my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my myr rAmpAdakIrA 6 Prof. (Dr.) Sagarmal Jain M.A., Ph.D. Founder Director, Prachya Vidyapeeth, Shajapur Ex-Director, Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi my my my my my jIvana-prabandhana (Life Management) do zabdoM kA eka sAMyogika rUpa hai| prabandhana zabda kA sAmAnya artha sahI DhaMga se vyavasthA karanA hai| prAcIna jaina-darzana meM prabandhana ke lie taMtra zabda kA bhI prayoga hotA hai| vastutaH, jIvana-taMtra ko samyak rUpa se samajhe binA jIvana kA samyak prabandhana sambhava nahIM hai| mAnava-jIvana eka AdhyAtmika evaM manodaihika saMracanA hai| isa jIvana-taMtra ke tIna pakSa haiM - AtmA, mana aura shriir| 'prabandhana' zabda taMtra kI apekSA bhI eka vyApaka artha rakhatA hai, jIvana kyA hai aura jIvana ko kaise jInA cAhie - ye donoM hI bAteM jIvana-prabandhana meM hai| isa prakAra prabandhana yathArtha aura Adarza kA eka sammizraNa hai| jaba ise hama jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM, to yaha jaina jIvana-prabandhana kI vidhi bana jAtA hai| jIvana kA prabandhana vastutaH bahukoNIya hotA hai, kyoMki jIvana svayaM bahuAyAmI hai| jIvana ko jIne ke jo vividha AyAma haiM, unake AdhAra para jIvana-prabandhana ko hama vividha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| vastutaH, bAlyakAla se hI jIvana-prabandhana kA prayAsa prArambha ho jAtA hai| bAlaka jaba yuvAvasthA kI ora bar3hane lagatA hai, taba use zikSita karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| bAlaka kI zikSA kaisI ho aura vaha zikSA use kisa prakAra dI jAe - yaha jIvana-prabandhana kA prAthamika tattva hai| jaina-darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki jo jIvana hameM milA hai, vaha mAtra jIvana jIne ke lie nahIM milA hai, apitu kisI lakSya yA Adarza kI pUrti ke lie milA hai| jIvana to per3a-paudhe aura anya prANI bhI jIte haiM, lekina unakA jIvana lakSyavihIna hotA hai| jIvana meM lakSya kA nirdhAraNa kara, use pAne kA prayatna hI samyak jIvanazailI kA paricAyaka ho sakatA hai| jIvana kyA hai, use kaise jInA cAhie - yaha batAnA hI zikSA kA mukhya prayojana hai| ataH zikSA-vidhi aisI honI cAhie, jo jIvana ke yathArtha aura Adarza kA samanvaya karate hue vyakti ko usake jIvana-lakSya kI prApti ke lie Age bar3hane meM sahAyaka ho ske| jIvana kA eka lakSya duHkhoM se mukti hai, kintu duHkha vividha prakAra ke haiN| ve daihika bhI haiM aura mAnasika bhI haiN| daihika duHkhoM kA nirAkaraNa samyak DhaMga se jIvana jIne ke dvArA sambhava hai, kintu mAnasika duHkhoM se mukti ke lie eka samyak zikSaNa-paddhati Avazyaka hai| ataH, yaha sahI hai ki jIvana jIne ke lie jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karanI hotI hai, kintu zikSA kA lakSya mAtra jaivika my my my my my my my my my my shy my my my my my my my my my my my sampAdakIya For Personal & Private Use Only xvil
Page #26
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ To. - - - - nshy my my my my my my my my my`y AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti taka sImita nahIM hai| jaina-darzana kI spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna kI pravRtti sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI prANiyoM meM pAI jAtI hai, kintu manuSya mAtra vAsanAoM kA piNDa nahIM hai, usameM viveka nAmaka tattva bhI hai| ataH vaha yaha vicAra kara sakatA hai ki use kyA khAnA hai, kaba khAnA hai aura kaise khAnA hai, jo usake zarIra, svAsthya aura manobhAva ko samyak banAe rakha ske| yaha satya hai ki jIvana meM AhAra Avazyaka hai, kintu AhAra kaisA ho, kaba khAyA jAe aura kitanI mAtrA meM khAyA jAe - yaha saba nirNaya to manuSya ko karanA hotA hai| isI prakAra, jIvana kI anya AvazyakatAe~, jaise - nidrA, surakSA, kAmavAsanA kI saMtuSTi Adi bhI jIvana se jur3e anivArya tathya haiM, phira bhI inake sambandha meM eka vivekazIla paddhati ho sakatI hai| use hI jIvana-prabandhana ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, prabandhana mAtra eka vyavasthA nahIM hai, apitu Adarzonmukha jIvanazailI hai| ina AdarzoM kA bodha zikSA ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hai| ataH samyak jIvana-prabandhana ke lie samyak zikSA vyavasthA kA honA Avazyaka hai| prANIya jIvana kA prArambha bhI kisI kAlavizeSa meM hotA hai aura anta bhI kisI kAlavizeSa meM hotA hai, jinheM hama janma aura mRtyu ke nAma se jAnate haiN| prabandhana kI dRSTi se, na to janma hamAre hAtha meM hai aura na mRtyu| kisI urdU zAyara ne ThIka hI kahA hai - lAi hayAta A gaye, kaz2A le calI cle-cle| na apanI khuzI Aye, na apanI khuzI gaye / / janma aura mRtyu hamAre hAtha meM nahIM haiM, phira bhI janma aura mRtyu ke do choroM ke bIca jIvana kI dhArA samyak rUpa se bahatI rahatI hai| yaha jIvanadhArA hI manuSya ke adhikAra kSetra meM hai aura isakA samyak niyojana jIvana-prabandhana kA eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai| yaha kArya samaya-prabandhana ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hai| yaha sahI hai ki na bhUtakAla hamAre adhikAra kSetra meM hotA hai aura na bhvissy| jIvana to hamezA vartamAna meM hI jiyA jAtA hai| isalie bhAratIya cintakoM kI yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki samaya kA prabandhana kevala aura kevala vartamAna meM hI sambhava hai| ataH, vartamAna ke kriyAkalApoM ko sArthaka banAne ke prayatna ko hI samyak jIvana-prabandhana kahA jA sakatA hai| bhUta gujara cukA hai, vaha aba hamAre hAtha meM nahIM hai, bhaviSya kaisA hogA, yaha bhI pUrNatayA hamAre adhikAra kSetra meM nahIM hai| bhUtakAla kA ronA ronA aura bhaviSya ke sunahale sapane saMjonA, yaha manuSya ke lie ucita nahIM hai| usake samagra purUSArtha kI saphalatA isI meM hai ki use jo avasara upalabdha huA hai, usakA samyak DhaMga se upayoga kare, yahI samaya-prabandhana hai| manuSya jo bhI karatA hai, vaha saba usake mana, vANI aura zarIra ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hotA hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hamAre samagra AcAra aura vyavahAra ke saMcAlana ke lie zarIra eka sazakta mAdhyama hai| ataH, zarIra ko sahI dizA meM niyojita karanA Avazyaka hai aura ise hI zarIra-prabandhana kahate haiN| isameM do tattva pramukha hote haiM - pahalA svAsthya kA aura dUsarA zArIrika aMgoM kA sNrkssnn| XVI11 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #27
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ inheM hama poSaNa aura surakSA ke prayatna kaha sakate haiN| zarIra kA poSaNa Avazyaka hai, kyoMki yadi zarIra aura usake aMgoM kA samyak DhaMga se poSaNa nahIM hogA, to zarIra asvastha ho jAegA aura asvastha zarIra ke mAdhyama se jIvana ko jisa prakAra jInA cAhie, hama nahIM jI paayeNge| isake lie hameM pUrI taraha se svAsthya-vijJAna aura AhAra-vijJAna ke niyamoM ko samajhakara, unakA pAlana karanA hogaa| ve sAre tattva jo zArIrika rUgNatA aura mAnasika tanAva ko janma dete haiM. unakA varjana karanA hogaa| hameM samyak AhAra ke mAdhyama se zarIra kA poSaNa karanA hogA, taba hI hama zarIra ko svastha rakha paayeNge| zarIra ke sambandha meM dUsarI mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki hamArI jIvanayApana kI zailI aisI ho, jisameM zarIra kI surakSA kI bhI samyak vyavasthA ho| ati sAhasa aura ati bhoga - donoM hI zArIrika surakSA meM bAdhaka hote haiN| vAsanA ke adhIna hokara adhika bhoga aura zarIra kI kSamatA kA dhyAna nahIM rakhate hue kArya karanA - donoM hI zarIra-prabandhana meM bAdhaka hote haiN| zarIra jIvana jIne kA eka samyak sAdhana hai, usakA upayoga bhI samyak tarIke se honA cAhie, zarIra-prabandhana hameM yahI sikhAtA hai| yahA~ bhI vAsanA aura viveka kA samyak samAyojana Avazyaka hotA hai, ataH vyakti ko yaha sIkhanA bhI anivArya hai ki vaha apane zarIra aura usakI zaktiyoM kA viniyoga samyak prakAra se kre| manuSya eka manodaihika racanA hai, ataH use daihika aura mAnasika - donoM AdhAroM para samyak rUpa se jIvana jInA hogaa| jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya yaha bhI hai ki vaha na kevala svastha zarIra ke mAdhyama se jI sake, apitu svastha mana se bhI jI ske| Aja jo vaizvika samasyAe~ haiM, unakA eka pramukha kAraNa hai - mAnasika tanAva, jabaki samyak jIvana ke lie svastha mAnasikatA Avazyaka hai| yadi vyakti tanAva aura tajjanya mAnasika vikAroM kA samyak prabandhana karane meM saphala nahIM hotA hai, to bhI vaha apane jIvana ko sahI DhaMga se nahIM jI pAtA hai| mAnasika-vikAra aura unase utpanna hone vAle tanAva kyoM, kaba aura kisa paristhiti meM utpanna hote haiM, yaha samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hai aura unase mukta rahanA bhI Avazyaka hai| yaha satya hai ki tanAva ke kAraNa Antarika aura bAhya - donoM ho sakate haiM, phira bhI tanAva se makta hokara samatA aura zAnti parNa jIvana kaise jiyA jIvana-prabandhana ke mAdhyama se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| ataH, jIvana meM tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana bhI jIvana-prabandhana kA eka mahattvapUrNa AdhAra hai| Upara hamane jIvana-prabandhana ke jo upAya batAe, una sabakA sambandha mUlataH vyakti ke vaiyaktika jIvana se hai, kintu kucha samAjagata tathya bhI haiM, jo hamAre jIvana-prabandhana meM sAdhaka yA bAdhaka hote haiN| inameM vANI prabandhana, paryAvaraNa prabandhana, artha prabandhana, samAja prabandhana aura dhArmika-vyavahAra prabandhana pramukha haiN| ye tathya hamAre pariveza se jur3e hue haiM aura samAja ke anya ghaTakoM se hamAre sambandha ko banAte haiN| saMsAra meM jitane bhI prANI haiM, una sabameM manuSya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki use apanI abhivyakti ke lie bhASA yA vANI bhI milI huI hai| vANI kA samyak niyojana na hone para bhI jIvana meM aneka visaMgatiyA~ A jAtI haiN| vANI eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jisake dvArA vyakti apane bhAvoM kI abhivyakti sampAdakIya: Use Only www.jaiXIXary.org
Page #28
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karatA hai| kintu, yaha abhivyakti kahA~, kaba aura kaise ho, isakA samyak rUpa se dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| eka galata abhivyakti jahA~ vyakti aura samAja meM visaMvAda utpanna kara detI hai, vahIM eka samyak abhivyakti jIvana meM susaMvAda utpanna kara jIvana ko sarasa banA detI hai| vyakti kA parivAra aura samAja se jur3anA aura TUTanA - donoM hI usakI abhivyakti para nirbhara karate haiN| ataH jIvana meM abhivyakti (vANI) kA samyak prastutIkaraNa kaise ho, isakA prazikSaNa bhI Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra, jIvana-prabandhana ke antargata samyak abhivyakti-prabandhana bhI Avazyaka hai| Aja manuSya ke lie paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kI bhI eka mahatI AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki pradUSita paryAvaraNa se na kevala manuSya-jIvana ko khatarA hai, apitu usake sAtha sampUrNa prANIya sRSTi ke astitva kA prazna bhI jur3A huA hai| yadi jala aura vAyu pradUSita hote haiM, to isase vanaspati jagat bhI samApta ho jAegA aura vanaspati jagat ke abhAva meM jantu jagat bhI jIvita nahIM rahegA aura jantu jagat ke abhAva meM bhale hI jagat kI jar3a vastue~ raheM, kintu unake upayogakartA ke abhAva meM unakA koI mUlya hI nahIM raha paayegaa| isa prakAra, paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA tattva bhI jIvana-prabandhana ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| cAhe jIvana-prabandhana zabda Adhunika lagatA ho, kintu yaha to eka samyak jIvanazailI kA vikAsa hai| yaha hameM yahI sikhAtA hai ki vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM kaise jInA cAhie? yaha hamAre yathArtha jIvana ko Adarza jIvana banAne kI eka kalA hai| vastutaH, vyakti ekAkI prANI nahIM hai| manuSya kI eka paribhASA use sAmAjika prANI ke rUpa meM bhI dekhatI hai - Man is a social animal | yadi manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai, to use samAja meM kaise jIvana jInA cAhie, yaha bhI jAnanA hogaa| sAtha hI use samAja meM pArasparika vyavahAra kA samyak tarIkA bhI sIkhanA hogaa| ise hI jaina-darzana meM samyak cAritra ke eka vibhAga ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi samAja eka bRhad ikAI hai, isake kendra meM manuSya hai, phira bhI isa bAta se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki eka sabhya manuSya kA nirmANa samAja kI hI dena hai| vastutaH manuSya ne pArasparika vyavahAra kA DhaMga yA dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to samAja meM jIne kA DhaMga samAja se hI sIkhA hai| vyakti aura samAja eka-dUsare para AdhArita haiM, ve paraspara sApekSa haiN| vyakti ke binA samAja aura samAja ke binA vyakti kA koI artha nahIM hai| sAmAjika jIvanazailI mAnava samAja kI eka vizeSatA hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki samAja mAtra vyaktiyoM kA samUha yA bhIr3a nahIM hai, usakA apanA eka taMtra yA vyavasthA hai| yaha sAmAjika vyavasthA bhI jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA eka sAdhana mAtra hai| kevala svahita ko sAdhanA yA svArtha pUrti karanA - yaha sabhya samAja meM manuSya kA jIvana-lakSya nahIM hai| samAja svArtha yA svahita sAdhane ke mUlya para khar3A nahIM hotA hai, usakA AdhAra tyAga aura samapraNa ke mUlya haiN| svArthI vyaktiyoM kA samUha samAja nahIM hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, coroM, DAkuoM yA luTeroM kA samUha samAja nahIM hotA hai| samAja ke nirmANa hetu svArtha kA tyAga Avazyaka hotA hai| usakA AdhAra sahayoga evaM maitrI kI bhAvanAe~ haiN| ye Adarza jIvana-mUlya bhI Aja hameM zikSA ke mAdhyama se my hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy my my shy shy shy shy shy shy shy shy shy shy my my XX jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prApta hote haiM, kintu yaha zikSA kisI skUla evaM kaoNleja meM nahIM dI jAtI, apitu parivAra aura samAja se hI prApta hotI hai / svastha manuSya evaM svastha samAja ke lie ina jIvana-mUlyoM kA prazikSaNa Avazyaka parivAra, samAja aura dharma hI hai / susaMskAroM kA vapana hai, kintu isakI prAthamika pAThazAlA jIvana - prabandhana kI zikSA dvArA sambhava hai| vastutaH, samAja - prabandhana samAja kA prabandhana nahIM hai, vaha apanI jIvanazailI kA prabandhana hai| vaha samAja ke dUsare sadasyoM ke prati hameM samyak jIvanazailI yA samyak vyavahAra apanAne kI kalA sikhAtA hai / Aja sAmAnya jana kI eka mAnyatA yaha hai ki samAja sudhAra se vyakti kA sudhAra hogA, kintu yaha eka galata avadhAraNA hai| samAja kA pramukha ghaTaka vyakti hai, jaba taka vaiyaktika stara para sudhAra ke prayatna nahIM hoMge, samAja sudhAra sambhava nahIM hai| bhAratIya cintana meM jo cAra purUSArtha mAne gae haiM, unameM se dharma, artha aura kAma ye tIna samAja-AdhArita haiN| - dharmavyavasthA yA dharmatantra kA mukhya kArya to samyak sAmAjika jIvanazailI kA vikAsa karanA hI hai / eka sabhya evaM susaMskRta samAja kA nirmANa tyAga evaM saMyama ke dhArmika mUlyoM ko jIvana - vyavahAra meM sthAna dene se hI sambhava hai| ataH hameM samAja yA parivAra ke dUsare sadasyoM ke hita-sAdhana hetu tyAga, samapraNa evaM sevA ke dhArmika mUlyoM ko AtmasAt karanA Avazyaka hai| dharma eka niyAmaka jIvana-mUlya hai, dUsare zabdoM meM, dharma hI artha, kAma aura pAsparika - vyavahAra kA niyAmaka hai| isalie kahA jAtA hai ki "AcAraH prathamo dhrmH"| dharma kevala jAnane yA mAnane kI vastu nahIM hai, vaha samyak DhaMga se jIvana jIne kA eka tarIkA bhI hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana bhI jIvana - prabandhana kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai / 'artha' aura 'kAma' jIvana ke eka Avazyaka aMga haiM, kintu jahA~ eka ora unakI sampUrti jarUrI hai vahIM dUsarI ora unakA saMyama bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki artha aura kAma jIvana ke sAdhya nahIM haiM, sAdhana haiN| sAdhana Avazyaka hote haiM, kintu unakI mUlyavattA sAdhya ko pAne meM nihita hotI hai| sAdhana ko hI sAdhya banA lenA yA mAna lenA hI jIvana kI sabase bhayaMkara bhUla hai, dharma meM ise hI 'mithyAtva' kahA gayA hai| sAdhana ko sAdhya kI prApti ke lie apanAnA hotA hai, kintu hamArI rAgAtmakatA yA Asakti use hI sAdhya mAna letI hai aura aisI sthiti meM mUla lakSya kahIM dRSTi se ojhala ho jAtA hai| artha aura kAma (roTI, kapar3A, makAna Adi) mUlataH Atma - zAnti ke hetu haiM, kintu jaba vyakti inhIM sAdhanoM ko sAdhya banA letA hai, to vaha apane mUla lakSya Atma-toSa yA Atma- zAnti se vaMcita ho jAtA hai| sAdhanoM ko apanAnA Avazyaka hai, kintu dhyAna rahe ki ye sAdhana kahIM sAdhya na bana jAe~, anyathA tRSNAjanya duHkha ke mahAsAgara se pAra ho pAnA kaThina hogaa| jIvana - prabandhana kA mUla lakSya bhI eka aisI jIvanazailI kA vikAsa karanA hai, jo mAnava prajAti ko samyak sukha (Ananda) aura zAnti pradAna kara sake aura usakA samyak dizA meM AdhyAtmika - vikAsa ho sake aura antataH vaha zAzvat jIvana-mUlya Atma-zAnti ko prApta ho ske| isa prakAra, artha va kAma kA prabandhana kara antatogatvA AdhyAtmika - vikAsa yA jIvana-mukti kA prabandhana karanA jIvana- prabandhana kA carama lakSya hai| sampAdakIya For Personal & Private Use Only XXI
Page #30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAra rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana eka hai, kintu isake vividha pahalU haiM, jinakA samyak prabandhana karanA hI jIvana - prabandhana hai| munizrI manISasAgarajI AdhyAtmika jIvana - dRSTi sampanna eka yuvA saMta haiM, unakA lakSya Atma-zAnti kI prApti ke sAtha samAja ko eka svastha aura sakArAtmaka mAnasikatA kI dizA meM prerita karanA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne yuvAvasthA meM hI adhyAtma sampanna parama pUjya zrImahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. (sAMsArika pU. pitAjI) ke sAnnidhya meM saMnyAsa - mArga kA cayana kiyaa| svayaM B.E. evaM M.B.A. hokara bhI ve yuvAvasthA meM saMnyAsa ke kaMTakAkIrNa mArga para cala pdd'e| apanI adhyayana - vRtti ko gatizIla rakhane ke lie jaba unhoMne mujhase mArgadarzana cAhA, to maiMne unheM "jaina AcAra mImAMsA meM jIvana - prabandhana ke tattva " yaha viSaya sujhaayaa| munizrI ne samyak evaM kaThina parizrama karake cAra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM yaha zodha-prabandha taiyAra kiyA hai| cAhe mArgadarzana merA rahA ho, kintu sArA parizrama to unakA aura unake sahayogI muni maNDala kA hI hai / prastuta zodha-prabandha ativyApaka hai, isameM nimna caudaha adhyAya haiM 1. jIvana - prabandhana kA patha 2. jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana - prabandhana 3. zikSA - prabandhana 8. paryAvaraNa- prabandhana 9. samAja - prabandhana 10. artha - prabandhana 11. bhogopabhoga - prabandhana 12. dhArmika - vyavahAra - prabandhana 13. AdhyAtmika - vikAsa - prabandhana 4. samaya- prabandhana 5. zarIra - prabandhana 6. abhivyakti - prabandhana 7. tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 14. jIvana - prabandhana : eka sArAMza yaha zodha-prabandha munizrI ke adhyayana kI vyApakatA aura upAdeyatA ko sUcita karatA hai| isameM prabandhana kI Adhunika vidhi aura jaina jIvana-mUlyoM kA adbhUta saMyoga / isase isa grantha kI mUlyavattA bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| yaha grantha kaisA aura kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai, yaha batAnA to pAThakoM evaM vidvAnoM kA kArya hai| phira bhI, vartamAna yuga meM yuvakoM kI dRSTi se isakI mUlyavattA ko nakArA nahIM jA sakegA, aisA maiM vizvAsapUrvaka kaha sakatA hU~ / munizrI se merI yahI apekSA hai ki yuvAvasthA meM satata parizrama karate hue yuvAoM ko samyak mArgadarzana dene hetu ve apanI lekhanI kA satata upayoga karate raheM aura jinavANI rUpI sarasvatI (jaina - vidyA) kI nirantara sevA karate raheM / pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve isa grantha kA adhyayana kara samyak dizA meM apane jIvana kI pragati karate raheM, inhIM zubhabhAvoM ke sAtha 1 xxii === jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only pro. sAgaramala jaina
Page #31
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AR * eka sArIka kadama 6 pUjyapAda adhyAtmayogI gurUdeva zrImahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. 'jIvana' yaha zabda apane Apa meM bahuta choTA-sA hai, lekina isakI gaharAI meM jAkara jaba isakA nirIkSaNa, parIkSaNa aura samIkSaNa kareMge, to hameM svataH hI isakI vizAlatA kA anubhava hue binA nahIM rhtaa| yaha apane antaraMga meM anekoM bhAvoM ko sameTe hue hai| vyakti jina-jina kSetroM meM apanA Daga bharatA hai, una sabhI kSetroM meM use apane jIvana ko santulita banAkara rakhanA hotA hai, anyathA vaha usameM, jAla meM makar3I kI taraha, ulajha jAtA hai aura apane jIvana ko asta-vyasta kara detA hai| antataH vaha udAsI, nirAzA aura kuNThA ke eka aise bha~vara meM pha~sa jAtA hai, jahA~ se nikalanA use asambhavaprAyaH mahasUsa hotA hai| jIvana ke ina sabhI pahaluoM ko suvyavasthita evaM susamanvita karane ke lie jaina-darzana meM jahA~-tahA~ samAdhAna rUpI motI bikhare par3e haiN| unheM ekatra kara eka sundara evaM suzobhita mAlA kA rUpa munimanISasAgarajI ne apane isa zodha-grantha ke mAdhyama se diyA hai| isa grantha ko 'samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI kuMjI' (The Key to Life Problems) bhI boleM, to koI atizayoktibharA zIrSaka nahIM hogA, kyoMki jIvana ke pratyeka pahalU meM uThatI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kA isameM khUba sundara DhaMga se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai, AvazyakatA hai to use jIvana meM utArane kii| yaha anamola kRti hameM samAdhAna ke dvAra taka to pahu~cA sakatI hai, para usakA jIvana meM upayoga kara hama kaise isa dvAra ke andara praveza pAte haiM aura apane jIvana ko sukha, zAnti aura Ananda se sarAbora banA pAte haiM, vaha hamAre hAtha meM hai| yaha kRti munizrI ke gahana cintana, manana aura manthana kA hI pariNAma hai| vihAra, pravacana, zivira Adi kAryakramoM ke calate, samaya kI atyanta kaTokaTI ke bAvajUda bhI satata parizrama aura lagana ke sAtha sva-para upakAraka aisI apUrva kRti kI bheMTa se inhoMne jaina samAja ko hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa mAnava-jAti ko lAbhAnvita kiyA hai| alpakAla meM hI inhoMne dravyAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga Adi kI jina gaharAiyoM ko sparza kiyA hai, isakA jJAna isa kRti kA paThana kara svataH lagAyA jA sakatA hai| inhoMne jo vijJAna va vizvAsa para dharma ko khar3A karane kA kArya kiyA hai, vaha sacamuca hI apane bhAvI bhaviSya kI AdhArazilA ko sthApita hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy m y hy h . hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy eka sArthaka kadama For Personal & Private Use Only Xxin
Page #32
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karatA hai| prakAzana ke zubha avasara para maiM inake samujjavala bhaviSya kI kAmanA karatA huuN| isa kRti kA upayoga karake sabhI apane jIvana tathA apanI jIvanazailI ko suvyavasthita banAkara AtmakalyANa ke mArga meM lageM, isI maMgalabhAvanA ke sAtha........ 12 navambara, 2012 sUrata Mer" muni mahendrasAgara =====4.>===== or , my khm shy my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my shy shy shy shy shy shymy shymy m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m. m. m. m m m m m xxiv jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AAAAAA AAAAAAAA------ prastAvanA 6 m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m jainadarzana eka prAmANika, prAsaMgika aura prAcInatama vicAradhArA hai| isakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai - vaijJAnika cintana-paddhati / isameM aMdhavizvAsoM aura aMdharUr3hiyoM se Upara uThakara jo siddhAnta varNita haiM, ve jIvana jIne kA sahI digdarzana karate haiN| jainadarzana para hI AdhArita jaina-AcAra-mImAMsA (grantha) haiM, jinameM eka ora vyakti ko AdhyAtmika-zikSA ke mAdhyama se Atmonnati ke zikhara taka pahu~cane kI preraNA dI gaI hai, to dUsarI ora vyAvahArika-zikSA ke mAdhyama se apane vaiyaktika, pArivArika, sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya jIvana kA saMtulita vikAsa karane kI nItiyA~ bhI nirdezita kI gaI haiN| jainaAcAragrantha na kevala gahana haiM, apitu vyApaka dRSTikoNa se yukta bhI haiN| ye vyaktivizeSa yA samudAyavizeSa ko lakSya meM lekara nahIM, balki samagra mAnavatA ko kendra meM rakhakara race gae haiN| inameM jIvana-prabandhana kI samyaka dizA kA bodha karAne vAlI hitazikSAe~ pracUra mAtrA meM upalabdha haiN| vartamAna pariveza meM jainaAcAragranthoM kA samyak parizodhana (Research) kara inameM nihita prabandhana-sUtroM ko samAja meM punaH pratiSThita karane kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki jainadarzana kA jo anaikAntika-dRSTikoNa hai, vaha jIvana ke samagra , santulita evaM suvyavasthita vikAsa ko mahattva detA hai aura yaha Adhanika yuga kI tIvra mA~ga bhI hai| bhale hI Aja prabandhana kI naI-naI zAkhAe~ sAmane AI haiM, jaise - vitta-prabandhana (Financial Management), vipaNana-prabandhana (Marketing Management), mAnava saMsAdhana-prabandhana (Human Resource Management), saMgaNaka-prabandhana (System Management) Adi, phira bhI inameM samagratA kA samAveza na hokara, jIvana ke kuchaika pahaluoM ko hI mahattva diyA gayA hai, jabaki jaina-dRSTi jIvana ke samagra pahaluoM kA samAveza kara jIvana ko santulita banAne para jora detI hai| isameM AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika - donoM hI pahaluoM ko yathocita mahattva diyA jAtA hai, jisakA anukaraNa kara eka samagra vyaktitva kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata eva vartamAna yuga meM isakI prAsaMgikatA ko dekhate hue maiMne apane zodha-prabandha kA viSaya "jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva" banAyA hai| jainadarzana kevala siddhAntavAdI hI nahIM, apitu prayogavAdI bhI hai| yaha hameM jIvana jIne kI saiddhAMtika (Theoretical) evaM prAyogika (Practical) donoM prakAra kI zikSAe~ pradAna karatA hai| prAcInakAla meM jainadharma ke Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne rAjyAvasthA meM jina sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika mUlyoM kI sthApanA kI, ve vartamAna meM bhI vyakti evaM samAja ke jIvana-vyavahAra ko samIcIna d hmy my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my my hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy myN dy thy. myN `ymy `ly sy . m . fy . myN hy . . . . y hy hy my my my my my mymy w mhmy my my gy. . h khh hmh y hy hy bh m`rfy my khnym nd . hmh sy khy thy. myry khmry myN . Hmy. myN jy wny khy khmy khy mmy myN Hmy prastAvanA For Personal & Private Use Only XXV
Page #34
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ' 22 twaatu,tu banAne meM upayogI haiM aura inakI upayogitA dinoMdina bar3hatI hI jA rahI hai| bhale hI Aja hama pAzcAtya-saMskRti ke mohapAza meM pha~sakara bhautikatA para AdhArita jIvanazailI ko hI jIvana kA ekamAtra AdhAra mAnate hoM, parantu jaina jIvanazailI ko apanAkara hama apane jIvana meM bhautikatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA kA samyak santulana sthApita kara sakate haiN| ataH, prastuta zodha-prabandha meM maiMne isa bAta ko prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki jainaAcAramImAMsA ke prabandhakIya sUtra kauna-kauna se haiM aura unakA jIvana-vyavahAra meM kisa prakAra se prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM prAraMbha se hI prabandhana-cetanA kA vikAsa huA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jainAcAryoM ne jagat ko sadaiva parivartanazIla rahate hue eka kAyama vyavasthA ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne spaSTa kahA hai ki yaha jagat utpanna hotA hai, vyaya hotA hai aura kAyama bhI rahatA hai - 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM st'| isIlie jainAcAryoM kA lakSya sadaiva yahI rahA ki jIvana kI parivartanazIlatA yA gatyAtmakatA (Dynamicity) ko sakArAtmaka dizA dI jAe, jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya bhI vastutaH yahI hai| ataH, jaina jIvana-dRSTi meM prabandhana kA artha jIvana ke pravAha ko samyak dizA pradAna karanA hI hai| isa zodha-prabandha meM bhI jIvana ke vividha pakSoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue, unheM visaMgatiyoM se mukta kara susaMgata banAne kA mArgadarzana diyA gayA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha mAnavIya jIvana ke prabandhana ko lakSya meM lekara likhA gayA hai, kyoMki manuSya hI isa jagat kA sarvazreSTha prANI hai| parivartana kI sarvAdhika kSamatA bhI manuSya meM hI hotI hai| yaha parivartana cUMki sakArAtmaka bhI ho sakatA hai aura nakArAtmaka bhI, ataH manuSya ke sAtha vikAsa evaM vinAza donoM kI hI sarvAdhika saMbhAvanAe~ jur3I huI haiN| phira bhI, prAraMbha se hI vivekazIla manuSya apane jIvana-vikAsa ke lie satata prayatnazIla rahA hai aura isIlie usane saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA vikAsa kiyA hai aura saMzodhana evaM saMvardhana ke mAdhyama se usakI yaha vikAsa yAtrA sadaiva gatizIla hotI rhii| ise hI hama mAnavIya prabandhana kSamatA kA eka rUpa kaha sakate haiN| mAnavIya jIvana ke prabandhana ke lie yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hogA ki jIne kI prakriyA hI jIvana hai (The Process of living is life) / pratyeka vyakti ke sAtha tIna avasthAe~ jur3I huI haiM - janma, jIvana evaM mrnn| inameM se janma aura maraNa to kSaNika haiM aura ina para vyakti kA koI adhikAra nahIM hotA, jabaki jIvana apekSAkRta dIrghakAlika hai aura isake aMkuraNa, pallavana, poSaNa evaM vikAsa para vyakti kA pUrNa adhikAra hotA hai| jainadarzana AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI evaM kriyAvAdI darzana hai| ataH isameM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jIvAtmA apane pUrvakRta karmoM ke anusAra hI jIvana kI prApti karatA hai| yaha jIvana mUlataH jIva kA hI kArya hai, kyoMki jo jItA hai, vaha vAstava meM jIva hI hai (jIvati iti jiivH)| phira bhI, vyAvahArika-dRSTi se AtmA aura zarIra kI sAMyogika vyavasthA ko bhI jIvana kahA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se jIvana pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke bIca kI eka kar3I hai| jIvana-prabandhana kA lakSya isa jIvana ko samyak dizA pradAna karanA hI hai| yadyapi pratyeka vyakti apane jIvana ko dhana, sampatti evaM parijanoM se bhI adhika priyakara mAnatA Xxvi jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #35
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai, phira bhI vaha, jIvana ko kaise jiyA jAe, isa kalA se vaMcita raha jAtA hai aura usakA jIvana samucita upayoga kie binA hI bIta jAtA hai| vastutaH, jIvana ko pAnA alaga bAta hai aura jIvana ko samyak prakAra se jInA alaga bAta hai| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie samasta mAnava jAti ko samyak jIvana jIne kI jAgRti lAne kA bAraMbAra nirdeza kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki jIvana kI jo rAtriyA~ vyatIta ho cukI haiM, unheM lauTAyA nahIM jA sakatA / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM varttamAna ko lakSya meM lekara kahA gayA hai ki jo varttamAna kSaNa ke mahattva ko jAna letA hai, vahI vastutaH paNDita (buddhimAna) (khaNaM jANai se paMDie) / prastuta zodha-prabandha meM isIlie jIvana kaise jiyA jAya, isa bAta kI carcA kI gaI hai / jIvana jIne kA yaha DhaMga, jisameM jIvana kA pratikSaNa eka upalabdhi bana jAe, jIvana ko prabandhana se sambaddha karatA hai| yaha jIvana jIne kI samyak kalA hI jIvana - prabandhana hai, ise hI jIvana-vijJAna (Science Of Living) bhI kahA jAtA hai| prakRSTaM bandhanam iti prabandhanam prabandhana kA tAtparya nihita uddezyoM kI pUrti hetu sImita saMsAdhanoM kA ucita samanvayapUrvaka upayoga karane kI prakriyA hI hai / yadyapi saMsAdhanoM kI sImitatA eka bar3I cunautI hotI hai, phira bhI, prabandhana samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai| jahA~ samyak prabandhana kA abhAva hotA hai, vahA~ adhika saMsAdhanoM ke dvArA bhI saphalatA nahIM milatI, kintu kuzala prabandhana ke dvArA alpa saMsAdhanoM se bhI apekSita saphalatA mila jAtI hai / varttamAna yuga meM isIlie prabandhana kI vyApakatA, upayogitA evaM T lokapriyatA tejI se bar3hI hai| Aja prabandhana - vidhA kA prayoga vyAvasAyika kSetroM ke sAtha-sAtha cikitsA, zikSA, parivAra, samAja evaM sArvajanika kSetroM meM bhI hone lagA hai| phira bhI, yaha kahanA Avazyaka hai ki prabandhana kI vidhA kA prayoga sImita dAyare meM ho rahA hai| aura jIvana ke naitika evaM AdhyAtmika pahalU isase abhI bhI achUte haiN| phalataH ve kSetra, jahA~ prabandhana kI prakriyA kA upayoga kiyA jA rahA hai, bhI duSprabhAvita ho rahe haiM, kyoMki vahA~ bhI naitikatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA kI kamI hone se asantulana evaM visaMgatiyA~ paidA ho rahI haiN| isa hetu aisI prabandhana-praNAlI kA prAdurbhAva honA Avazyaka hai, jo jIvana ke sabhI pahaluoM kA prabandhana kara sake aura ise hI sahI arthoM meM jIvana - prabandhana kahA jA sakatA hai| varttamAna yuga meM pracalita prabandhakIya vicAradhArAe~ mUlataH bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa para AdhArita haiM, jinameM naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai, isIlie hameM kahIM na kahIM usa vicAradhArA kA AdhAra lekara jIvana - prabandhana ko varttamAna dharAtala para sthApita karanA hogA, jisase ina kamiyoM kI pUrti ho ske| isa hetu hamArA AdhAra jainaAcAramImAMsA hai, jisakI vizeSatAoM kA varNana hamane prAraMbha meM kiyA hai aura jisake mAdhyama se varttamAna pariveza meM upayukta jIvana - prabandhana kI praNAlI vikasita kI jA sakatI hai, yahI prastuta zodha-prabandha kA uddezya hai| Adhunika yuga ko yadyapi tIvra vikAsa kA yuga kahA jAtA hai, phira bhI isameM jIvana - prabandhana kI prastAvanA For Personal & Private Use Only xxvii
Page #36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tu'ng'''dug naa'dun8]] 38222 <<228238nytudrunngbbbdu bde brtn 88 nyre'n nye'nynynyny'nyt,k282k282nyk't'n ny'''''''<< 3 'nyny2 'nyg w hy hy hy hy hy hy hy my my nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| isa yuga meM bhautika-vikAsa to atyadhika huA hai, kintu isake sAtha hI aneka samasyAe~ bhI utpanna ho rahI haiN| ye samasyAe~ Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika evaM paryAvaraNa Adi kSetroM meM asantulana evaM avyavasthAe~ paidA kara rahI haiN| naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI upekSA hone se vyakti ke samakSa samyaka dizA kA hI abhAva hai| vaha bhAgadaur3a avazya kara rahA hai, kintu usakI daur3a andhI evaM antahIna hai| vaha prApta samaya , samajha, sAmarthya evaM sAdhanoM kA adhikAdhika upayoga kara alpa samaya meM hI kalpanAtIta vikAsa karanA cAhatA hai, kintu vaha yaha nahIM samajha pA rahA hai ki usake jIvana kA aMtima lakSya kyA hai aura isa lakSya prApti kA samyak mArga kyA hai? yadyapi usakI cAhanA duHkha se mukti evaM sukha kI prApti hI hai, phira bhI vaha Atmagata (Subjective) prayatna karane ke bajAya vastugata (Objective) prayatna karane meM hI vyasta hai| vaha tRSNA evaM icchA ke jAla bunakara svayaM hI kleza evaM kalaha se klAnta ho rahA hai| vaha cAhatA hai ki pUrNa Anandamaya jIvana kI prApti ho sake, kintu vaha athaka parizrama (Input) aura prApta pariNAma (Output) kA samyak samIkSaNa bhI nahIM kara pA rahA hai| vaha nimbolI bokara Ama ke madhura phaloM ko pAne kI ceSTA kara rahA hai| bhautika vikAsa ke moha-pAza meM pha~sakara vaha AtmavinAza kI dizA meM gatizIla hai aura usake jIvana kI sthiti aisI hai ki 'mAno marane kI phurasata nahIM aura pala kA bharosA nhiiN| ina sabhI samasyAoM ke samyak samAdhAna hetu vyakti ko jIvana kA samyak prabandhana karanA Avazyaka hai| isa hetu jainaAcAramImAMsA ke prabandhana-sUtra vartamAna yuga ke lie AdhArabhUta haiM, jinakI carcA hamane prastuta zodha-prabandha meM kI hai| jIvana ke do maulika kartavya haiM, pahalA jIvana nirvAha sambandhI aura dUsarA Atma-kalyANa smbndhii| jIvana nirvAha sambandhI kartavyoM ke dvArA vyakti apanI jIvanayAtrA ko calAne ke sAdhanoM kI vyavasthA evaM unakA upabhoga karatA hai aura Atma-kalyANa sambandhI kartavyoM kA nirvAha kara vaha AtmA / ko vikAroM se mukta kara kalyANa ke patha para agrasara hotA hai| pahalA jaivika kartavya hai, to dUsarA / / aadhyaatmik| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie donoM hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha meM ina karttavyoM ke saphala nirvahana ke sUtroM ko jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ___ jIvana eka hai, lekina jIvana ke pahalU aneka haiM - zikSA, zarIra, samAja, artha, dharma aadi| jIvana meM prApta hone vAlI pratyeka paristhiti kisI na kisI pahalU se jur3I hotI hai| vyakti jaba jIvana-nirvAha evaM Atma-kalyANa sambandhI kartavyoM kI pUrti kA prayatna karatA hai, to use jIvana ke ina vividha pahaluoM ko santulita, samanvita evaM suvyavasthita karanA hotA hai| ina pahaluoM ke sAdhaka, sAdhana aura sAdhya - ye tIna vibhAga haiN| sAdhaka sambandhI vibhAga meM zikSA, samaya, mana, vacana - ina pA~ca pahaluoM kA samAveza hotA hai, sAdhana sambandhI vibhAga meM samAja evaM paryAvaraNa - ina donoM pahaluoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai aura sAdhya sambandhI vibhAgoM meM dharma, artha, kAma (bhoga) evaM mokSa - ye cAra pahalU Ate haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha meM ina gyAraha pahaluoM meM jIvana ke sampUrNa vyavahAra ko samAhita karake unake prabandhana ke upAyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie zikSA, samaya Adi ina sabhI jIvana pakSoM kA pRthak-pRthak samyak dy gy. myN fy fy mn my my my my my my ]]t 8 8 8 8 8 8 ng k byng,- dh ng ng r kaa r sy m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m my my my my my my my my my my my my my shymy bh mhmy mhr. mhr mr yh mmy my my my XXVIII jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #37
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prabandhana karane ke sAtha hI ina pakSoM kA paraspara samanvaya karanA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jIvana kA pratyeka pakSa eka-dUsare se jur3A huA hai| isa samanvaya kI prakriyA meM yaha dhyAna rakhanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki eka pakSa se dUsare pakSa kA samanvaya karane meM kisI bhI pakSa kA prabandhana bigar3a na jaae| jisa prakAra eka motI bhale hI zobhanIya aura manohara kyoM na ho, parantu mAlA nahIM bana sakatA, usI prakAra jIvana ke kisI pakSavizeSa ko mahattva dekara anyoM kI upekSA karanA bhI jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya nahIM bana sktaa| yahI jIvana-prabandhana ke prastAvita zodha kA lakSya bhI thA, jise prastuta zodha-prabandha meM pUrA kiyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to, prastuta zodha-prabandha meM bhinna-bhinna jIvana-pakSoM kI prabandhana-prakriyA ko paraspara samanvita karane kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| jIvana-prabandhana kI upayogitA sArvabhaumika, sArvakAlika aura sArvajanika hai| yaha sambhava hai ki vartamAna yuga ke pracalita viSayoM, jaise - vitta-prabandhana (Financial Management), vipaNana-prabandhana (Marketing Management), mAnava-saMsAdhana-prabandhana (Human Resource Manangement), hoTala-prabandhana (Hotel Management) Adi kI upayogitA kisI ko ho aura kisI ko na bhI ho, kintu prastuta zodha-viSaya to prANImAtra se jur3A hone se sabhI ke lie upayogI hai| jIvana cAhe pravRttimUlaka ho yA nivRttimUlaka, isake prabandhana kI AvazyakatA sabhI ko hai aura yaha nirvivAda satya prastuta zodhakArya meM jIvana-prabandhana ke una sabhI AyAmoM ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, jo jIvana jIne ke lie Avazyaka haiM, jaise - zikSA-prabandhana, samaya-prabandhana, zarIra-prabandhana, abhivyakti-prabandhana, tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana, paryAvaraNa-prabandhana, samAja-prabandhana, artha-prabandhana, bhogopabhoga-prabandhana, dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana aura aadhyaatmik-jiivn-prbndhn| sAtha hI, ve sUtra bhI prastuta kie haiM, jinase ina sabhI AyAmoM kA samyak prabandhana ho sake, isIlie prastuta zodhakArya meM maiMne prabandhana ke saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika donoM hI pakSoM kA samAveza karate hue jIvana meM inakA prayoga kisa prakAra se kiyA jAe, isakI bhI carcA kI hai| isa prakAra, jIvana ko usake samagra rUpa meM samyakttayA niyojita karane kA eka yatna prastuta zodhakArya meM kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi pratyeka vyakti ke socane, samajhane evaM kriyAnvayana karane kA tarIkA bhI bhinna-bhinna hotA hai aura usakI kAryakSamatA bhI sImita hotI hai, phira bhI prastuta zodhakArya meM apanI sImita yogyatA ke AdhAra para maiMne jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM ke prabandhana kA samAhAra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| merA yaha dAvA to nahIM hai ki maiM sabhI pakSoM ko pUrI taraha se abhivyakta kara pAyA hU~, kyoMki isameM samaya aura kArya kI sImA donoM hI mujhe pratibandhita karate rahe haiM, phira bhI yaha eka aisA prayatna hai, jisake mAdhyama se jIvana jIne ke vividha AyAmoM ke prabandhana kI samyak dizA kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai| ___ yahA~ jIvana-prabandhana meM jainaAcArazAstra ko AdhAra banAne kA prayatna isIlie kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki jana-sAdhAraNa meM jIvana-prabandhana ke lie eka samyak cetanA jAgrata ho aura vaha yaha samajha sake ki jainaAcAramImAMsA meM bhI bahuta sAre aise tattva vidyamAna haiM, jo Adhunika prabandhanazAstra se prastAvanA For Personal & Private Use Only XXIX
Page #38
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ my my my my sAmyatA rakhate haiM aura use naI dizA pradAna karane meM samartha bhI haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha ke lekhana meM merA uddezya na to zabdoM kI bAjIgarI karanA rahA hai aura na hI apanI bauddhika yogyatA kA prdrshn| merI Antarika abhilASA to mAtra itanI hai ki vividha jIvana-mUlyoM aura jIvana-AyAmoM ko samyak dizA meM niyojita kiyA jA ske| gurucaraNaraja ho tum bhadrAvatI tIrtha (mahArASTra) 13 pharavarI, 2013 muni manISasAgara =====4 .> ===== m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m . mn hy hy m sh my gy. my my my my my my my mHmd mHmd myN hy - ny ny hy mhmy hm bh hmh hmh bh hm m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m ` s Xxx jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #39
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana-prabandhana ke tatva meM jAneM kahA~ kyA? 6 adhyAya prathama : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha - isa adhyAya meM jIvana aura prabandhana kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karate hue jIvana-prabandhana kI AvazyakatA, mahattva, uddezya evaM sAdhaka-bAdhaka tattvoM kI carcA kI hai| sAtha hI, jIvana-prabandhana kI mUlabhUta praNAlI aura isake mukhya AyAmoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| adhyAya dvitIya : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana - isa adhyAya meM isa bAta para prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki jainadarzana evaM AcArazAstroM meM ve sAre tattva nihita haiM, jinakA anukaraNa kara jIvana-prabandhana ke lakSya ko sugamatA se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| adhyAya tRtIya : zikSA-prabandhana - isa adhyAya meM zikSA ke svarUpa evaM mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue vartamAna zikSApraNAlI ke guNa-doSoM kI carcA kI aura yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA ki zikSA jIvana-vikAsa kI nIMva hai aura isakA sahI prabandhana jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para ucita DhaMga se kiyA jA sakatA hai| | caturtha : samaya-prabandhana - isa adhyAya meM samaya ke svarUpa, vizeSatA evaM mahattva ko batAkara samaya kI avyavasthA se prApta hone vAle duSpariNAmoM kI carcA kI aura jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samyak samaya-prabandhana ke sUtroM ko prastuta kiyA hai| adhyAya paMcama : zarIra-prabandhana - isa adhyAya meM Adhunika evaM jaina zarIra-vijJAna ke AdhAra para zarIra ke svarUpa aura mahattva ko spaSTa karake zarIra ke aprabandhana se sambandhita dasa pramukha kArakoM kI carcA kI aura sAtha hI jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para zarIra-prabandhana ke pahaluoM ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| adhyAya SaSThama : abhivyakti-prabandhana - isa adhyAya ke prArambha meM abhivyakti ke svarUpa, prakAra evaM mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue asaMyamita-bhASika-abhivyakti ke prayogoM ko spaSTa kiyA aura unake duSpariNAmoM se bacane ke lie jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para bhASika-abhivyakti ke samyak prabandhana ke sUtroM ko darzAyA hai| adhyAya saptama : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana - isake prArambha meM mana ke svarUpa evaM mahattva ko bhAratIya darzanoM aura vizeSa rUpa se jainadarzana ke AdhAra para prastuta kiyaa| tatpazcAt mana ke asaMyama (aprabandhana) ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAle tanAva evaM vividha mAnasika vikAroM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA aura anta meM mAnasika vikAroM ke prabandhana-sUtroM kA vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana kiyA hai| , yh `dh dydh my mydh w bh `nwN myN `mrh shhyd mHmd mHmd mHmd mjyd myN thyN myN myN myN myN myN ny khy hy . w hmh w hmh w hmh dr mwrd hmh w rd w mw r mrym mrdm dr m sy `mwmy jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva meM jAneM kahA~ kyA? For Personal & Private Use Only Xxxi
Page #40
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya aSTama : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana - isa adhyAya meM paryAvaraNa kI avadhAraNA evaM mahattA ko spaSTa karate hue vartamAna meM vyApta paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM evaM pradUSaNoM ko savistAra samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA aura sAtha hI paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke pahaluoM ko suspaSTa karane kI koziza bhI kI hai| adhyAya navama : samAja-prabandhana - isa adhyAya meM jainadharma kI saMghIya vyavasthAoM se sambandhita siddhAntoM kA Alambana lekara samAja-prabandhana viSayaka carcA kI aura isake pUrva samAja ke svarUpa, mahattva evaM prakAroM kA varNana karate hue vartamAna meM vyApta sAmAjika-avyavasthAoM ke duSpariNAmoM para bhI eka dRSTi ddaalii| adhyAya dazama : artha-prabandhana - isa adhyAya meM purUSArtha-catuSTaya ke eka mahattvapUrNa pahalU 'artha' kI avadhAraNA evaM mahattA ko vibhinna dRSTikoNoM sahita jaina jIvana-dRSTi ke AdhAra para rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA aura sAtha hI, vartamAna arthanIti kI visaMgatiyoM evaM duSpariNAmoM se sAvaceta karate hue jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para artha-prabandhana ke upAyoM ko prastuta karane kI koziza kI hai| adhyAya ekAdaza : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana - isa adhyAya ke prArambha meM bhogopabhoga kI avadhAraNA evaM mahattva ke sAtha-sAtha vartamAna meM pracalita upabhoktA-saMskRti evaM usakI visaMgatiyoM ko spaSTa kiyA aura aMta meM jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para niyaMtrita bhogopabhoga karane sambandhI sUtroM ko prastuta karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA hai| adhyAya dvAdaza : dhArmika vyavahAra-prabandhana - isa adhyAya meM dharma kI avadhAraNA evaM mahattA ko samajhAte hue dharma ko eka mahattvapUrNa jIvana-mUlya ke rUpa meM sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA, sAtha hI avyavasthita dharmanIti evaM usake duSpariNAmoM se bacane ke lie dhArmika-vyavahAroM kA prabandhana kisa prakAra kiyA jAe, isa viSaya ko samAviSTa kiyA hai| adhyAya trayodaza : AdhyAtmika vikAsa evaM jIvana-prabandhana - yaha adhyAya pUrvokta sabhI viSayoM se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM AdhyAtmika-vikAsa ke svarUpa, usake vibhinna staroM evaM usameM vidyamAna sAdhaka, sAdhana evaM sAdhya kI ekarUpatA ko darzAyA hai, sAtha hI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM A rahI visaMgatiyoM se bacane ke lie AdhyAtmika jIvana-prabandhana ke pahaluoM ko bhI suspaSTa kiyA hai| adhyAya antima : jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza - isa adhyAya meM pUrvokta sabhI adhyAyoM kI viSaya-vastu kA upasaMhAra karate hue sAra rUpa meM prastuta grantha kA kathya kahane kA prayatna kiyA hai| - =====4.>===== -- XXX11 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #41
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kRtajJatA jJApana prathama vayasi pItaM toyamalpaM smarantaH, zirasi nihitabhArA nArikerA narANAm; udakama mRtakalpaM dadyurAjIvitAntaM, na hi kRtamupakAraM sAdhavo vismaranti / / arthAt jisa prakAra nAriyala ke choTe-choTe paudhe manuSyoM dvArA alpa jala se sIMce jAkara vikasita hote haiM aura usa thor3e se jala ko yAda rakhate hue, ve jIvanaparyanta jala kA bhAra apane mastaka para uThAe rakhakara, manuSyoM ko amRta tulya svAdiSTa jala pradAna karate rahate haiM, usI prakAra sajjana purUSa bhI upakArI ke upakAra ko kabhI nahIM bhuulte| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha ke samApana kI isa maMgalamaya belA meM merA yaha punIta karttavya hai ki maiM sajjana puruSoM ke AdarzoM kA anukaraNa karate hue isa zodhakArya kI nirvighna samApti hetu asIma kRpA, zubha AzISa, pAvana preraNA, utkRSTa protsAhana evaM amUlya sahayoga pradAna karane vAle upakArIjanoM ke prati apanI bhAvapUrNa kRtajJatA jJApita karU~ / vastutaH, unake prati yaha AbhAra - jJApana amUrta zraddhA kI mUrta abhivyakti hogI, na ki eka zAbdika aupacArikatA / sarvaprathama maiM aMtas kI asIma AsthA ke sAtha parama upakArI caubIsa tIrthakara paramAtmAoM, cAroM dAdA gurUdevoM evaM pUrvAcAryoM sahita samasta sudeva, sugurU evaM suzAstra ko sAdara namana karatA hU~, jinakI divyakRpA se mujhe sahaja hI isa zodhakArya kA sRjana karane kI alaukika preraNA prApta huI / maiM aMtarhRdaya se bhAvAbhinata hU~, parama pUjya AcArya bhagavanta zrImajjinakai lAzasAgarasUrIzvarajI ma.sA., parama pUjya upAdhyAyapravara zrImaNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA., parama pUjya gaNivarya zrIpUrNAnaMdasAgarajI ma.sA., madhurabhASI gurUbhagavanta parama pUjya zrIpIyUSasAgarajI ma.sA. evaM svAdhyAyarasika gurUbhagavanta parama pUjya zrIsamyakratnasAgarajI ma.sA. ke prati, jinake pAvana AzIrvAda se yaha adhyayana - yAtrA nirantara Age bar3hatI gaI aura aMtataH gaMtavya ko prApta huI / maiM sarvasva samarpita hU~, gurUdeva adhyAtmayogI parama pUjya zrImahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. ke prati, jo mere janmadAtA, saMskAradAtA, zikSAdAtA, dIkSAdAtA, guru aura Adarza hI nahIM, apitu jIvanasarvasva haiM / unakI avismaraNIya preraNA, protsAhana evaM mArgadarzana bacapana se hI mere aMtas meM prANa - UrjA banakara pravAhita hote rahe haiN| isa zodhakArya ko bhale hI zabdoM kA colA maiMne diyA ho, kintu isakI AtmA to gurUdevazrI kA gahana jJAna evaM vilakSaNa bhAva hI haiN| ataH yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki kRtajJatA - jJApana For Personal & Private Use Only XXX111
Page #42
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prastuta kRti unake vAtsalyamaya anugraha kA pariNAma hai| mere abhinna munipravara sarvazrI vairAgyasAgarajI, zrIvivekasAgarajI, zrIRSabhasAgarajI, zrIvardhamAnasAgarajI evaM zrIvirATasAgarajI ma.sA. merI lakSyapUrti meM sadaiva sahabhAgI rahe haiM / prastuta sRjana meM unakA AtmIya sahakAra meTara - kalekzana, lekhana - kArya, prUpha rIDiMga Adi meM upalabdha huA hai, jo sadaiva smaraNIya hai| unake prati AbhAra - jJApana kara maiM apanI AtmIyatA evaM abhinnatA para praznacihna nahIM lagAte hue kevala itanA kahanA cAhU~gA ki unakI niHspRha sevAoM ke binA yaha bRhadkArya sampanna kara pAnA sambhava nahIM thA / isa punIta avasara para maiM vizva prema pracArikA, samanvayasAdhikA, jaina- kokilA sva. pravartinI zrIvicakSaNazrIjI ma.sA. kA zubha smaraNa karanA cAhU~gA, jinakI adRzya kRpA merI sAdhanA ke vikAsa meM sadaiva AdhArabhUta rahI hai, sAtha hI unakI suziSyA mama saMyama - upakAriNI, mAtRhRdayA, marudharajyoti zrImaNiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. kA ullekha karanA cAhU~gA, jinakI pAvana prabhA se Alokita hokara mujhe apanI saMyama - yAtrA evaM adhyayana - yAtrA meM agrasara hone kI rAha milatI rahI / prastuta zodhakArya kA atha se iti taka sampUrNa zreya jainadharmadarzana ke mUrdhanya vidvAn DaoN. sAgaramala jaina sA. ko jAtA hai, jo svayaM jJAna ke sAgara haiM, Agama-marmajJa haiM, dArzanika kSetra ke agraNI vidvAnoM meM se eka haiM aura saralatA evaM sahajatA se yukta eka pUrNa vyaktitva haiN| inakI preraNA evaM protsAhana se hI zodhakArya karane kA AtmavizvAsa milA aura inake mArgadarzana meM hI zodhakArya ko gati prApta huii| Apane viSayavastu ko prAsaMgika evaM prAmANika banAne hetu pAMDulipi kA atisUkSma nirIkSaNa, samIkSaNa evaM saMzodhana kiyA, tAki yaha zodha - graMtha janabhogya bana sake / sahayoga kI zrRMkhalA meM zrIrAmakRSNa kAbarA, indaura kA ullekha karanA bhI Avazyaka hogA, jo sAMsArika jIvana meM pUjya gurUdevazrI ke abhinna mitra rahe / Apa ema. i. (ilekTrikala) evaM ema.bI.e. kI ucca zikSA prApta kara madhyapradeza vidyut-maMDala meM kAryarata rahe aura nItimaya jIvana jIkara mukhya abhiyaMtA ke pada se sevAnivRtta hue| Apane isa zodha-graMtha kA AdyopAMta adhyayana kara isake Alekhana ko sarala, sugama evaM suvyavasthita banAne meM ahorAtra parizramapUrvaka apanA viziSTa evaM cirasmaraNIya yogadAna diyA / prastuta zodhakArya meM prAcya evaM Adhunika donoM zikSAoM kA samanvaya karanA eka Avazyaka kartavya thA, jisase yaha varttamAna pariveza meM bhI sahajatA se upayogI bana ske| isa hetu zikSA jagat ke aneka suprasiddha evaM apane-apane viSayoM meM pAraMgata vidvAnoM ne bhI amUlya samaya dekara mujhe viSaya ke marma taka pahu~cane hetu ucita mArgadarzana pradAna kiyaa| ye sahayogI zubhacintaka aneka haiM, jinameM zrI jyoti koThArI (jayapura), pro. vIrendra nAhara, pro. jayantIlAla bhaNDArI, pro. nilose, pro. anupama jaina, DaoN. manohara bhaNDArI, DaoN. ajaya zarmA, DaoN. dineza rA~kA, pro. saroja koThArI, zrI kailAza zarmA, DaoN. DI. kaula, pro. azoka jaina, pro. sunItA kavIzvara (sabhI indaura), pro. bI. ela. jaina (ratalAma), pro. pI. sI. karor3e XXXIV jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #43
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (khAcarauda), pro. zailendra pArAzara, DaoN. gajendra pArakha, DaoN. dineza rA~kA, DaoN. ajayakIrti jaina, suzrI khAna mahodayA, pro. ravIndra jaina (sabhI ujjaina), DaoN. rAjendra jaina (zAjApura), pro. saritA jaina (rAjagar3ha), DaoN. raNajIta mAlU (bAr3amera) Adi ullekhanIya haiN| ye sabhI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| prastuta zodhakArya meM prasiddha patrakAra zrI gopAlasvarUpa mAthura kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hogA, jinhoMne zodha-prabaMdha kA AdyopAMta adhyayana kara apanI vizeSa TippaNiyoM ke mAdhyama se Alekhana ko parimArjita karane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaaii| prastuta zodhakArya meM zrI pArasa mehatA, zrI hemanta bhaNDArI, zrI dilIpa chAjer3a, DaoN. praphulla surAnA, zrI devendra vanavaTa, zrI vikAsa copar3A, zrI aMkita chAjer3a, zrI navanIta seThiyA, zrI nareza sakalecA, zrI harSa bhaNDArI, zrI zreyAMsa hiMgar3a evaM zrI cetana nAMdecA (sabhI khAcarauda), DaoN. narendra dhAkar3a, zrI nItina tAter3a, zrI rAjendra gA~dhI, zrI lukeza gA~dhI, zrI paMkaja sAvanasukhA, zrI pRthvIrAja zarmA, zrI amRta zAha, zrI sureza pIpAr3A, zrI jayantIlAla rAThaura, zrI rameza pATIdAra (sabhI indaura), DaoN. sunIla maNDalecA (rAjagar3ha), pro. rAjendra chajalAnI, zrI riteza nAhara (ujjaina), zrI gopAla zrIzrImAla, zrI arUNa caparota, zrI hemanta botharA (sabhI ratalAma), DaoN. kavitA gA~dhI (nAgapura), zrI rAma rUsiyA (vArAsivanI), zrI pravINa zarmA (zAjApura), zrI akSaya bAriyA (muMbaI) evaM zrI anila jaina (durga) kA bhI AtmIya sahayoga rahA hai| ina sabhI kI jJAnabhakti evaM gurUbhakti anumodanIya hai| isa adhyayana-yAtrA ko pUrNa karane meM prAcya vidyApITha (zAjApura), kuMdakuMda vidyApITha (indaura), zrI jaina zvetAmbara akAdamI (indaura), indaura vizvavidyAlaya pustakAlaya (indaura), jJAna bhaNDAra (khAcarauda), gaNeza jJAna bhaNDAra (ratalAma), zrI rAjendrasUri pravacana pustakAlaya (mohanakher3A) se samaya-samaya para graMtha upalabdha hote rahe. ata: maiM ina sabhI saMsthAoM ke vyavasthApakoM evaM kAryakartAoM ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha ke Alekhana ko kampyUTara para TaMkana karane meM jina logoM ne pUre manoyoga ke sAtha parizrama kiyA hai, maiM una sabhI kA hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| sAtha hI, isa zodha-prabaMdha ko vizvavidyAlaya meM prastuta karane hetu priMTiMga kArya meM impIriyala skUla, khAcarauda ke zrI saMjaya hiMgar3a, zrI vinoda sisodiyA evaM zrI nareza nAgadA ke avadAna ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA, jinhoMne pUrNa jAgRti evaM bhakti ke sAtha kArya kiyA hai| isa punIta kArya meM zAjApura, indaura, khAcarauda, ratalAma, ujjaina, mahidapura, sUrata Adi jainasaMghoM ke sadasyoM kA sammAnanIya sahayoga prApta huA, jinhoMne mujhe adhyayana ke anukUla zAMtimaya vAtAvaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha samucita vyavasthAe~ bhI upalabdha kraaii| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM jina-jina vidvAnoM evaM sampAdakoM ke graMthoM kA upayoga huA hai, maiM unake prati bhI kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huuN| m m m m m m m m ` ` m ` m m my my my my my trmym my my my sy sy m`ny myN dyty thyN. Hm m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m h m mhm mhm mhm mhm mhm my my my kRtajJatA-jJApana For Personal & Private Use Only XXXV
Page #44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ina sabake atirikta pratyakSa yA parokSarUpa se isa zodha-prabaMdha ke praNayana meM jo bhI sahayogI bane haiM, kintu maiM unakA nAmollekha nahIM kara pAyA hU~, unase kSamAyAcanA karate hue unake prati maiM AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| maiM pUrva upakArI janoM sAMsArika mAtAjI zrImatI vimalAjI nAhara evaM samasta nAhara parivAra, zrI pIpAr3A parivAra, zrI kocara parivAra, zrI sumatilAla jenAvata, zrI kuzalacandra zekhAvata Adi ke prati bhI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~, jinhoMne mujhe AtmakalyANa ke kSetra meM praveza tathA vikAsa karane kA ucita vAtAvaraNa evaM preraNA dI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa Aja isa zodhakArya kA niSpAdana ho skaa| maiMne apane mArgadarzaka DaoN. jaina sA. ke sAnnidhya meM saMbaMdhita viSaya ko pUrNarUpeNa prAmANikatApUrvaka prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, phira bhI isakI pUrNatA kA dAvA nahIM kara sakatA, saMbhava hai pramAdavaza kahIM kucha kamI raha gaI ho athavA prUpha-saMzodhana meM koI truTi raha gaI ho, to usake lie maiM micchAmi dukkaDaM karatA hU~ tathA yogya nirdeza milane para usake parimArjana kI bhAvanA rakhatA huuN| vAstava meM, yaha kArya to ina sabhI sahayogI janoM kA hI hai| maiM to sirpha nimitta mAtra hU~ , kartA nahIM, yahI dhyAna meM rakhate hue aMtataH, maiM punaH isa zodhakArya meM sahayoga pradAna karane vAle mahAnubhAvoM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karate hue yaha zodhakArya mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta karatA huuN| isa zodha-prabandha meM mere dvArA vItarAga-vANI ke virUddha jJAtAjJAta bhAva se yadi kucha bhI likhA gayA ho, to maiM aMtaHkaraNa se kSamAprArthI huuN| bhadrAvatI tIrtha (mahArASTra) 13 pharavarI, 2013 gurucaraNaraja the teem muni manISasAgara 6.' k k kaa kkkk tng ng ]] 2222 t28 22 22 2 3222 '8, 2,22]] k k]] k 22 t 842222,2 22222]]tu 2 22822222222 my my my my my =====4.>===== myrym 6-- 2225-500 my my hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy h m m ` ` ` m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m. w n my my my my Xxxvi jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #45
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ | anukramaNikA. Index 1 jIvana-prabandhana kA patha THE PATH OF LIFE MANAGEMENT 2 jaina darzana evaM jaina AcAra zAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana ELEMENTS OF LIFE MANAGEMENT IN JAIN PHILOSOPHICAL AND ETHICAL SCRIPTURES 3 zikSA prabandhana EDUCATION MANAGEMENT 4 samaya prabandhana TIME MANAGEMENT 5 zarIra prabandhana BODY MANAGEMENT 6 abhivyakti prabandhana COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT 7 tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana STRESS AND MENTAL DISORDER MANAGEMENT 8 paryAvaraNa prabandhana ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 9 samAja prabandhana SOCIAL MANAGEMENT 10 artha prabandhana WEALTH MANAGEMENT 11 bhogopabhoga prabandhana CONSUMPTION MANAGEMENT 12 dhArmika vyavahAra prabandhana / RELIGIOUS BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT 13 AdhyAtmika vikAsa prabandhana SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT 14 jIvana prabandhana ...eka sArAMza LIFE MANAGEMENT : A SUMMARY saMdarbha graMtha sUcI BIBLIOGRAPHY EN Jaitoucauominternational
Page #46
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #47
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ la anukamaNikA 6 abhinandana ke svara sampAdakIya eka sArthaka kadama xvii xxiii XXV prastAvanA jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva meM jAneM kahA~ kyA? XXX1 Xxxiii kRtajJatA-jJApana anukramaNikA xxxvii pRSTha kra. 1-90 4 adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha (The Path of Life Management) maMgalAcaraNa jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM jIvana kA svarUpa evaM mAnava-jIvana meM prabandhana kI yogyatA jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM jIvana kI vividha zailiyA~ jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM prabandhana kA mUla svarUpa evaM jIvana meM prabandhana kI upayogitA jIvana-prabandhana kI maulika avadhAraNA evaM svarUpa jIvana-prabandhana kI mUlabhUta praNAlI jIvana-prabandhana meM bhAratIya-darzana ke purUSArtha-catuSTaya jIvana-prabandhana ke vividha AyAma niSkarSa sandarbhasUcI anukramaNikA Xxxvii For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ -- - adhyAya 2: jaina 91-114 - - -- - - - - - - jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana (Life Management in Jain Philosophical & Ethical Scriptures) jainadarzana evaM AcArazAstra kA saha-sambandha jainaAcAramImAMsA kA uddezya jaina darzanamImAMsA, AcAramImAMsA evaM jIvana-prabandhana kA saha-sambandha jainadarzanamImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke mukhya tattva niSkarSa sandarbhasUcI m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m myN mm mm my mym + . . pa 2.5 . myry `mr my 113 115-182 115 118 125 130 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana (Education Management) 3.1 zikSA kA svarUpa 3.2 zikSA kI sArvakAlika mahattA vartamAna yuga meM zikSA kA mahattva 3.4 vartamAna yuga meM zikSApraNAlI kI vizeSatAe~ (guNa-doSa) vartamAna yuga meM zikSApraNAlI kI mukhya kamiyA~ evaM duSpariNAma jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para zikSA-prabandhana zikSA-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 3.8 niSkarSa svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 3.5 134 150 37 164 176 3.9 178 179 Xxxvill jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #49
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 4 : 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 adhyAya 5: zarIra - pra 5.5 5.6 5.7 samaya-prabandhana (Time Management) jainadarzana meM samaya kA svarUpa evaM samaya kI maulika vizeSatAe~ samaya kI sArvakAlika mahattA varttamAna yuga meM samaya kA mahattva samaya kA aprabandhana aura usake duSpariNAma jaina AcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samaya-prabandhana jainadRSTi para AdhArita samaya-prabandhana kA prAyogika - pakSa niSkarSa svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI ra- prabandhana (Body Management) zarIra kA svarUpa zarIra kA mahattva zarIra sambandhI aprabandhana yA kuprabandhana ke duSpariNAma jaina AcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para zarIra - prabandhana zarIra - prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa niSkarSa svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire ) sandarbhasUcI anukramaNikA For Personal & Private Use Only 183-226 183 188 189 190 191 195 220 222 223 227-304 227 242 246 259 294 299 300 301 XXXIX
Page #50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sanna AAAAAAAAAA----- 305-362 6.1 305 309 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana (Communication Management) abhivyakti kA svarUpa - sAMketika aura bhASika abhivyakti abhivyakti kA mahattva bhASika (vAcika) abhivyakti kA viziSTa mahattva bhASika-abhivyakti kA durupayoga asaMyamita bhASika-abhivyakti ke duSpariNAma jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM bhASika-abhivyakti kA prabandhana bhASika-abhivyakti-prabandhana : prAyogika-adhyayana niSkarSa 6.9 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) 6.10 sandarbhasUcI 313 317 320 353 6.8 357 358 359 363-424 11 363 w hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hm m 373 376 14 388 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana (Stress & Mental Disorder Management) bhAratIya darzanoM evaM jainadarzana meM mana kA svarUpa 7.2 mana kA mahattva tanAva kyA? kyoM? kaise? vividha mAnasika vikAra evaM unake duSpariNAma vividha mAnasika vikAroM ke kAraNa : bahiraMga aura aMtaraMga jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM mAnasika-prabandhana mAnasika-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa niSkarSa svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 400 407 N NNN 409 419 19 421 422 myd hy sy myN myN sy hy. yhy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hy hm my shy my my my my my my my my my my my my hm `m `m `m `m `mw `h mrh jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #51
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 425-490 8.1 426 8.2 428 432 da adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana (Environment Management) paryAvaraNa kyA hai? paryAvaraNa kA sArvabhaumika, sArvakAlika aura sArvajanika mahattva paryAvaraNa kI samasyAe~ evaM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke duSpariNAma / paryAvaraNa kI samasyAoM evaM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke mUla kAraNa jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana jainaAcAramImAMsA meM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 8.7 niSkarSa 8.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 8.4 444 446 459 482 484 485 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana 491-528 9.1 491 497 503 (Social Management) samAja kA svarUpa evaM samAja kA mahattva sAmAjika saMracanA ke AdhAra para samAja ke prakAra sAmAjika avyavasthA ke duSpariNAma jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samAja-prabandhana jainaAcAramImAMsA meM samAja-prabandhana ke prAyogika pakSa niSkarSa svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 508 518 525 526 527 myN ny H my y my my my my my my m my mh. mmy my my my my m m m - m m m anukramaNikA xli For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #52
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ , , ,tuttaa k 2 382 2 naa k n r r r raa- 529-612 529 537 543 adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana (Wealth Management) 10.1 artha kI paribhASA evaM avadhAraNA 10.2 jIvana meM artha kA mahattva evaM sthAna 10.3 jaina jIvanadRSTi meM artha kA mahattva 10.4 asantulita, amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita arthanIti ke duSpariNAma 10.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para artha-prabandhana 10.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para artha-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 10.7 niSkarSa 10.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 547 558 567 605 607 608 613-652 613 618 621 623 adhyAya 11: bhogopabhoga-prabandhana (Consumption Management) 11.1 bhogopabhoga kI avadhAraNA evaM upabhoktA saMskRti 11.2 bhogopabhoga kA jIvana meM mahattva 11.3 upabhoktA saMskRti kA svarUpa 11.4 asantulita, amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita bhogapabhoga-nIti (upabhoktA-saMskRti) ke duSpariNAma 11.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga-prabandhana 11.6 bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa niSkarSa 11.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 628 637 11.7 649 650 651 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #53
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 653-696 653 656 661 adhyAya 12: dhArmika vyavahAra-prabandhana (Religious Behaviour Management) 12.1 dharma kI avadhAraNA 12.2 dharma kA jIvana meM mahattva evaM sthAna 12.3 dharma aura jIvana mUlya 12.4 aniyojita dharmanIti ke duSpariNAma 12.5 jainadharma evaM jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 12.6 dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa niSkarSa 12.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 664 669 681 12.7 693 694 695 697-744 13.1 697 13.2 702 13.3 707 13.4 AdhyAtmika-vikAsa evaM jIvana-prabandhana (Spiritual Development Management) AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA svarUpa ___ AdhyAtmika jIvana meM sAdhaka , sAdhana aura sAdhya kI ekarUpatA jainadharma meM AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vividha stara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM AI visaMgatiyA~ evaM bAdhAe~ jainadharma aura AcArazAstra ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika-jIvana-prabandhana AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana kA prAyogika-pakSa niSkarSa svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 715 13.5 722 13.6 735 13.7 740 13.8 741 742 745-760 adhyAya 14: jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza (A Summary of Life Management) sandarbhagranthasUcI 761-770 anukramaNikA For Personal & Private Use Only xliii
Page #54
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 1 jIvana prabandhana kA patha THE PATH OF LIFE MANAGEMENT For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #56
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 1 jIvana-prabandhana kA patha (The Path of Life Management) Page No. 1.1 maMgalAcaraNa 1.2 jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM jIvana kA svarUpa evaM mAnava-jIvana meM prabandhana kI yogyatA 1.2.1 jIvana kA artha 1.2.2 jIvana ke aMga 1.2.3 jIvana kA lakSaNa 1.2.4 jIvana ke AyAma 1.2.5 jIvana ke vividha rUpa evaM mAnava-jIvana meM prabandhana kI yogyatA 1.3 jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM jIvana kI vividha zailiyA~ 1.3.1 jIvanazailI kA artha evaM avadhAraNA 1.3.2 jIvana kI vividha zailiyA~ 1.4 jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM prabandhana kA mUla svarUpa evaM jIvana meM prabandhana kI upayogitA 1.4.1 prabandhana kA sAmAnya paricaya 1.4.2 prabandhana kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi 1.4.3 prabandhana kI Adhunika avadhAraNAe~ evaM paribhASAe~ 1.4.4 prabandhana kI avadhAraNAoM evaM paribhASAoM meM vividhatAoM ke mUla kAraNa 1.4.5 prabandhakIya vicAradhArAoM kI kamiyoM se ubharane ke mApadaNDa 1.4.6 jainadarzana ke AdhAra para prabandhana kI avadhAraNA evaM paribhASA 1.4.7 prabandhana kI vizeSatAe~ 1.4.8 prabandhana ke kArya 1.4.9 prabandhana kI prakRti 1.4.10 prabandhana ke sAmAjika uttaradAyitva 1.4.11 prabandhana ke siddhAnta 1.4.12 prabandhana kA kSetra 1.5 jIvana-prabandhana kI maulika avadhAraNA evaM svarUpa 1.5.1 jIvana-prabandhana kI AvazyakatA 1.5.2 jIvana-prabandhana kA mahattva 1.5.3 jIvana-prabandhana ke uddezya 1.5.4 jIvana-prabandhana ke sAdhaka evaM bAdhaka tattva 1.6 jIvana-prabandhana kI mUlabhUta praNAlI 1.7 jIvana-prabandhana meM bhAratIya-darzana ke purUSArtha-catuSTaya 1.7.1 purUSArtha kyA hai? 1.7.2 purUSArtha catuSTaya : sAmAnya paribhASA 1.7.3 vartamAna visaMgati : mukhya kAraNa 1.8 jIvana-prabandhana ke vividha AyAma 1.8.1 jIvana-prabandhana ke mukhya vibhAga 1.8.2 jIvana-prabandhana ke AyAma 1.9 niSkarSa sandarbhasUcI For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #59
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 1 jIvana-prabandhana kA patha (The Path of Life Management) 1.1 maMgalAcaraNa prastuta zodha-prabandha ke prArambha meM paramparA kA paripAlana karate hue grantha kI nirvighna samApti hetu namaskArAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa prastuta karate haiM - vIraM natvA manuSyebhyaH, siddhimArgaprakAzakam / duHkhamuktikAri vakSye, zrIjIvana-prabandhanam / / zabdArtha (vIra) prabhu mahAvIrasvAmI ko (natvA) namaskAra karake (siddhi-mArga-prakAzaka) siddhi-mArga ko prakAzita karane vAle tathA (duHkhamuktikAri) samasta duHkhoM se mukta karane vAle (zrIjIvana-prabandhanam) AtmasampadA (sukha, zAnti aura Ananda) ko prApta karAne vAle jIvana-prabandhana nAmaka isa zodha-grantha ko (manuSyebhyaH) sva aura para sabhI manuSyoM ke hitArtha (vakSye) khuuNgaa| 1.1.1 anubandha catuSTaya prastuta zodha-grantha kA prArambha karate hue sarvaprathama anubandha-catuSTaya kA ullekha karanA hogA, jo vastutaH kisI bhI grantha meM mAnava kI soddezya pravRtti karAne ke lie Avazyaka hai| yaha viSaya, prayojana, adhikArI aura sambandha - ina cAra tathyoM kA samuccaya hai|' ina cAroM ke mAdhyama se kramazaH yaha jJAta hotA hai ki prastuta zodha-grantha kA pratipAdya viSaya kyA hai, isase kisa uddezya kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai, isake adhyayana kA suyogya pAtra kauna hai aura isa kA apane viSaya se kyA sambandha hai? isa prakAra, anubandha-catuSTaya isa bAta kI suspaSTatA hai ki samartha mAnava ke prayojana kI siddhi ke lie grantha upayukta viSaya kA pratipAdana karatA hai| (1) zodha-grantha kA viSaya isa zodha-grantha kA viSaya hai - jIvana-prabandhana arthAt jIvana ko suvyavasthita krnaa| jIvana ke samyak prabandhana ke abhAva meM eka Ama AdamI bahirmukhI hokara kabhI svArtha aura mamatva ke lie, adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kabhI kAmanA aura vAsanA ke lie, to kabhI dUsaroM kI samIkSA aura sudhAra ke lie dina-rAta prayAsarata rahatA hai| vaha dhana-sampatti aura sukha-suvidhAoM kI prApti ke lie satata cintAzIla rahatA hai, kintu athaka parizrama karane ke bAda bhI abhISTa phala kI prApti nahIM kara pAtA, pariNAmataH usakA mAnasa tanAva aura nirAzA meM DUba jAtA hai aura isa taraha jIvana yU~ hI samApta ho jAtA hai| aise nirarthaka jIvana ko sArthaka banAne ke lie Avazyaka hai jIvana ko samyak dizA meM niyojita karanA, ise hI jIvana- prabandhana kahate haiM / yahI isa grantha kI viSaya-vastu hai / (2) zodha - grantha kA prayojana jahA~ aprabandhita-jIvana tanAva, kleza aura duHkha kA janaka hai, vahIM prabandhita - jIvana duHkha aura tanAva se mukta dazA kI prApti karAne vAlA hai| ataH jaba mAnava antarmukhI hokara sakArAtmaka cintana karatA hai, taba jIvana - prabandhana usakA dhyeya bana jAtA hai / prakRta grantha kA prayojana bhI jIvana - prabandhana kA jJAna karAnA hai, jisake prayoga se jIvana Anandamaya bana sake / ( 3 ) zodha - grantha ke adhyayana kA adhikArI (supAtra) isa sRSTi kI sarvottama kRti hai manuSya / pAzcAtya mAnavatAvAdI cintakoM ne bhI pazu-pakSI - kIr3e-makor3e Adi anya prANiyoM kI tulanA meM manuSya meM nimnalikhita tIna viziSTa yogyatAe~ mAnI haiM 1) viveka (Discretion) 2) sajagatA (Awareness) 3) saMyama (Self-control or Temperence) uparyukta tInoM zaktiyoM ke kAraNa hama kaha sakate haiM ki manuSya meM hI ve kSamatAe~ haiM, jo jIvana ke prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka haiN| ataH prakRta grantha kA suyogya adhikArI 'manuSya' hI hai| sAmAnya taura para sabhI manuSya isa grantha ke adhyayana ke adhikArI haiM, lekina vizeSa taura para apane jIvana kA prabandhana karane ke icchuka aura rucivanta manuSya hI isa grantha kA adhyayana karane ke lie samartha adhikArI haiM / ( 4 ) zodha-grantha kA viSaya ke sAtha sambandha prakRta zodha-grantha aura viSaya kA paraspara pratipAdaka - pratipAdya sambandha I 2 pratipAdaka pratipAdya sAra rUpa meM hamArI apekSA yahI hai ki prastuta zodha-grantha ke mAdhyama se rucivanta manuSya jIvana-prabandhana nAmaka viSaya kA yathArtha jJAna prApta kara jIvana ko suvyavasthita karate hue sukha, zAnti tathA Anandamaya jIvana jIne ke svapna ko sAkAra kara sakeM / phira bhI, yaha sunizcita hai ki grantha sahayogI arthAt mArgadarzaka hI hai| vastutaH, jIvana - prabandhana hetu rucivanta manuSya kA nija purUSArtha hI jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 2 viSaya kI vyAkhyA yA pratipAdana karane vAlA / vyAkhyAyita athavA pratipAdita kiyA jAne vAlA / For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #61
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ usake jIvana ke prabandhana ke lie nirNAyaka tattva siddha ho sakatA hai| ataH use cAhie ki vaha nija dAyitva samajhakara isa zodha-grantha kA AdyopAnta gahana adhyayana evaM anuzIlana kara isameM nirdiSTa siddhAntoM ko vicAra aura vyavahAra meM laae| =====4.>===== adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #62
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.2 jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM jIvana kA svarUpa evaM mAnava-jIvana meM prabandhana kI yogyatA 'jIvana-prabandhana' do zabdoM se milakara banA hai - 'jIvana' aura 'prbndhn'| jIvana-prabandhana ke samyak bodha ke lie sarvaprathama jIvana ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| jIvana vaha satya hai, jisakA anubhava pratyeka mAnava ko hotA hai, lekina jIvana kA samyak svarUpa samajhe bagaira hI sAmAnyatayA jIvana bIta jAtA hai| vastutaH, jIvana kyA hai (What is life), yaha jIvana-prabandhana kA prathama evaM ahama prazna hai| prathama isalie hai, kyoMki jIvana-prabandhana kI sArI pravRttiyA~ jIvana ke astitva para nirbhara karatI haiN| jIvana ke hone para hI saba kucha sambhava hai aura jIvana ke na hone para kucha bhI nhiiN| jIvana kI samApti ke sAtha hI jIvana-prabandhana kI sambhAvanAe~ bhI samApta ho jAtI haiN| jIvana kA prazna ahama isalie hai, kyoMki jIvanakAla meM jina vastuoM kA mUlya hotA hai, jIvana kI samApti ke sAtha hI ve vastue~ vyakti ke lie mUlyahIna ho jAtI haiN| ataH jIvana-prabandhana arthAt jIvana kA samyak dizA meM niyojana karane ke lie jIvana ke svarUpa ko jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai| 1.2.1 jIvana kA artha ___ jainadarzana ke AdhAra para jIne kI prakriyA hI jIvana hai (The process of living is life) / pratyeka prANI kI kramazaH tIna mukhya avasthAe~ hotI haiM - janma, jIvana aura mRtyu| ataH jIvana aura kucha nahIM, janma aura mRtyu ke bIca kI avasthA hai| ina tInoM avasthAoM meM jIvana kA mahattva viziSTa hai, kyoMki 'janma' aura 'mRtyu' to kSaNika haiM aura ina para prANI kA koI basa nahIM calatA, jabaki 'jIvana' apekSAkRta dIrgha hotA hai aura isake pallavana, poSaNa, saMvardhana evaM vikAsa ke lie prANI svatantra hotA hai| jainadarzana AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI evaM kriyAvAdI darzana hai, jisameM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jIvAtmA apane pUrvakRta karmoM ke anusAra pUrvajanma ko samApta kara navIna zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura eka nizcita avadhi taka isameM jIkara agale janma ke lie prasthAna karatA hai, isa dRSTi se pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke bIca ke antarAla meM AtmA aura zarIra kI saMyogajanya vyavasthA jIvana hai| jainadarzana meM jIvana kI vyAkhyA do dRSTiyoM se kI gaI hai - AdhyAtmika aura vyAvahArika / AdhyAtmika-dRSTi (nizcaya-dRSTi) AtmA ko hI jIvana kA ekamAtra kAraNa mAnatI hai aura usake anusAra, yaha jIvana jIva kA hI kArya hai, kyoMki jo jItA hai, vaha vAstava meM jIva hI hai (jIvati iti jiivH)| vyAvahArika-dRSTi 'AtmA' aura 'zarIra' donoM ko jIvana kA pramukha ghaTaka mAnatI hai aura usake anusAra, yadi AtmA jIvana kI aMtaraMga abhivyakti hai, to zarIra jIvana kI bAhya abhivyakti hai tathA ina donoM kI sAMyogika avasthA hI jIvana hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha meM AdhyAtmika-dRSTi ko lakSya meM rakhakara vyAvahArika-dRSTi kI mukhyatA se jIvana kI carcA kI gaI hai| zrImadrAjacandra ne bhI isa samanvayAtmaka nIti kI puSTi jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #63
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karate hue kahA hai - nizcaya vANI sAMbhaLI, sAdhana tajavA no'y| nizcaya rAkhI lakSamAM, sAdhana karavA soy||' arthAt AdhyAtmika-dRSTi se kahe gae upadezoM ko sunakara vyAvahArika-dRSTi ko tyAganA nahIM cAhie, balki AdhyAtmika-dRSTi ko lakSya me rakhakara vyAvahArika-dRSTi rUpI sAdhana kA upayoga kara lenA caahie| 1.2.2 jIvana ke aMga jIvana kA pahalA aMga hai - aatmaa| ise jIva, cetana, sattva, bhUta Adi anekAneka nAmoM se pahacAnA jAtA hai| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIyadarzana aura vizeSa rUpa se jainadarzana meM jIva ko hI jIvana kA mukhyatama AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM jIva tathA ajIva donoM ke astitva ko svIkArA gayA hai aura yaha spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki na ajIva se jIva utpanna hotA hai aura na jIva se ajiiv| jIva caitanyazakti se yukta eka abhautika dravya (Non Physical Substance) hai, jabaki ajIva caitanyazakti se rahita eka bhautika dravya (Corporeal Substance) hai| yaha jIva yadyapi rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza evaM zabda Adi bhautika vizeSatAoM se virahita hai, phira bhI yaha jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya aura upayoga Adi ananta zaktiyoM kA piNDa hai| isakI sabase mahattvapUrNa zakti hai - jJAna-zakti arthAt jAnane kI zakti, jisake bala para jIva pratikSaNa sva yA para vastuoM sambandhI jAnane, dekhane, socane, samajhane, vizleSaNa karane, saMzleSaNa karane, smaraNa karane, anubhava karane, kalpanA karane, nirNaya karane, dhAraNA karane Adi kI kriyAe~ karatA rahatA hai| darzana-zakti eka anya mahattvapUrNa zakti hai, jisake dvArA jIva sva yA para vastuoM se sambandhita mAnyatA yA dRSTikoNa banAtA hai| cAritra-zakti bhI eka viziSTa zakti hai, jisake mAdhyama se jIva sva yA para ke prati apanI pratikriyA (AcaraNa) karatA hai| tapa vaha mahattvapUrNa zakti hai, jisake bala para jIva apane kAryoM meM vizeSa prayatna karatA hai| vIrya-zakti bhI eka ahama zakti hai, jisake dvArA jIva vizeSa utsAhita hokara kisI bhI kAryavizeSa ko sampAdita karane kA prayatna karatA hai| ina jJAnAdi zaktiyoM ke atirikta bhI AtmA meM sahaja aura zAzvat anekAneka zaktiyA~ hotI haiN| adhika kyA kaheM, dvAdazAnuprekSA meM spaSTa kahA hai ki yaha jIva uttama guNoM kA Azraya hai, samasta dravyoM meM uttama hai aura saba tattvoM meM parama hai| jIvana-prabandhana kI dRSTi se bhI AtmA hI jaina-jIvana-prabandhana kA mukhya sUtradhAra hai| yadi AtmA aura usakI zaktiyoM kA samyaka dizA meM niyojana kiyA jAe, to ye jIvana-vikAsa kI hetu bana sakatI haiM, anyathA ye hI avarodhaka bhI bana jAtI haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA mukhya lakSya una prabandhakIya sUtroM kA nirdeza karanA hai, jinake mAdhyama se vyakti apanI Atmika-zaktiyoM kA samyak dizA meM prayoga karatA huA Atmika-pavitratA meM abhivRddhi kare, jo usake jIvana nirvAha evaM jIvana-nirmANa sambandhI kAryoM meM sahayogI bana ske| adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #64
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana kA dUsarA aMga hai - shriir| zarIra jIvana kA vaha AdhAra hai, jisake binA kisI bhI saMsArI prANI kA astitva nahIM hotaa| prAcya evaM pAzcAtya donoM paramparAoM meM zarIra ke mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha zarIra dikhane meM sAmAnya hotA hai, kintu isakI saMracanA atyanta jaTila hotI hai| yadi vyakti isakI dekha-rekha samyaktayA nahIM karatA hai, to yaha jIvana-vikAsa kA sAdhaka banane ke bajAya bAdhaka bana jAtA hai| sabhI bhAratIyadarzanoM vizeSatayA jainadarzana meM ise eka yantra ke samAna mAnA gayA hai aura isa bAta para jora diyA gayA hai ki vyakti isakI samyak dekha-rekha evaM sadupayoga kare, to bar3e se bar3e lakSyoM kI prApti kara sakatA hai| jisa prakAra AtmA kI apanI viziSTa zaktiyA~ hotI haiM, usI prakAra zarIra kI bhI apanI adbhuta yogyatAe~ hotI haiM, jaise - mana, vANI, indriya, kArya (karma) karane Adi se sambandhita yogytaaeN| yaha zarIra anekAneka sUkSma avayavoM kA saMgaThita rUpa hai| Adhunika AyurvijJAna ke anusAra, isake gyAraha tantra haiM - asthi-tantra, mAMsapezIya-tantra, tvacA-tantra, pAcana-tantra, rakta parisaMcaraNa-tantra, zvasana-tantra utsarjana-tantra, taMtrikA-tantra, antaHsrAvIgranthi-tantra, lasikA-tantra evaM prjnn-tntr| ina tantroM kI svasthatA ke lie jainadarzana meM AhAra-prabandhana, jala-prabandhana, prANavAyu-prabandhana, zrama-vizrAma-prabandhana, nidrA-prabandhana, svacchatA-prabandhana, zRMgAra (sAja-sajjA)-prabandhana, brahmacarya-prabandhana, manodaihika-prabandhana evaM anyakAraka-prabandhana se sambandhita nirdeza die gae haiN| sAtha hI, svastha zarIra kA samyak dizA meM prayoga kisa prakAra se kiyA jAe, isa hetu mana, vANI, indriya Adi ke samyak prabandhana (saMcAlana) kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA uddezya una prabandhakIya sUtroM kA nirdezana karanA hai, jinake mAdhyama se AtmA rUpI yantrI zarIra rUpI yantra ke sAtha isa prakAra samanvayapUrvaka kArya kare ki ye donoM milakara jIvana ko vikAsa ke zikhara para ArUr3ha kara skeN| 1.2.3 jIvana kA lakSaNa bhAratIya darzanoM meM prArambha se hI lakSaNa zabda kA viziSTa prayoga milatA hai| isameM artha kI gahanatA aura gambhIratA donoM hI vidyamAna hai| jainadarzana meM lakSaNa zabda kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'milI huI vastuoM meM se kisI eka vastu ko alaga karane vAle hetu ko lakSaNa kahate haiN|" anya prakAra se yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki padArtha ke asAdhAraNa dharma (guNa) ko lakSaNa kahate haiM, jaise - pudgala (jar3a) padArtha meM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sprshaadi| 12 nyAyavinizcaya meM aura adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'lakSyate'neneti lakSaNam' arthAt jisake dvArA padArtha ko lakSita kiyA jAe, vahI lakSaNa hai| isase spaSTa hai ki lakSaNa hI lakSya kA samyak parijJAna karAtA hai aura lakSaNa meM doSa hone para padArtha kA samyak nirdhAraNa nahIM ho paataa| prastuta prasaMga meM jIvana ke rahasyoM kA anAvaraNa karane ke lie jIvana kA lakSaNa jAnanA hogA, jisase jIvana-prabandhana kA patha spaSTa ho ske| ___ jainadarzana meM jIvana kA lakSaNa arthAt asAdhAraNa dharma 'prANa' batAyA gayA hai| rAjapraznIyasUtra (saTIka) Adi aneka granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki 'prANoM ko dhAraNa karanA hI jIvana hai|14 gommaTasAra meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #65
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kahA gayA hai ki 'yaha jIva prANoM ke dvArA hI jIvana-vyavahAra ke yogya hotA hai| vastutaH, prANI ke dvArA pUrva meM kie gae karmAnusAra AtmA aura zarIra kA na kevala saMyoga-sambandha hotA hai, apitu inameM vizeSa sakriyatA bhI utpanna hotI hai, jise prANa-zakti kahA jAtA hai| isa prANa-zakti ke sadbhAva meM jIvana kA astitva banA rahatA hai aura abhAva hone ke sAtha hI jIvana samApta ho jAtA hai| yaha mAnanA ki zarIra hai to jIvana hai, bahuta bar3I bhUla hai, kyoMki marane ke bAda bhI pArthiva zarIra to rahatA hai, kintu AtmA evaM prANa-zakti kA abhAva hone se jIvana nahIM rhtaa| yadyapi Adhunika AyurvijJAna (Medical Science) evaM bhautika-jIvana-dRSTi prANa-zakti ke astitva ko nahIM mAnatI, phira bhI ise nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| vastutaH, prANa sUkSma tattva hai, jise yantroM ke dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha vyakti kI jIvanI zakti hai| sampUrNa zarIra prANoM se saMcAlita hotA hai| yahA~ taka ki mana, vANI, zvAsa Adi kI kriyAe~ bhI prANoM se hI niyaMtrita hotI haiN| ____yaha prANa do prakAra kA hotA hai - nizcaya-prANa (bhAvaprANa) evaM vyavahAra-prANa (drvypraann)|" jIva kI caitanyazakti nizcaya-prANa kahalAtI hai aura pA~ca indriyA~ - mana, vacana, kAyA, Ayu evaM zvAsocchavAsa vyavahAra-prANa kahalAte haiN| vizeSatA yaha hai ki nizcaya-prANa kA sambandha AtmA se hai aura vyavahAra-prANa kA zarIra se| gommaTasAra meM jIvana ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yaha jIva aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga arthAt nizcaya evaM vyavahAra donoM prANoM ke bala para jIvana jItA hai|" vastutaH, ye donoM prANa hI jIvana ke astitva ke mApadaNDa haiM aura inake dvArA hI jIvana kI abhivyakti bhI hotI hai| ina prANa-zaktiyoM kA samyak samprayoga jIvana-prabandhana kA mukhya lakSya hai aura jIvana kI saphalatA ina prANa-zaktiyoM ke sarvottama sadupayoga para nirbhara karatI hai| (1) nizcaya-prANa - jainadarzana meM jIva kI caitanyazakti ko nizcaya-prANa kahA gayA hai| pravacanasAra meM ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jIva meM sahaja rUpa se prakaTa, sadaiva bane rahane vAlA aura ananta jJAnazakti kA hetu, jo nizcaya jIvatva hai, vahI nizcaya-prANa hai| isa apekSA se AtmA kA sahaja, svAdhIna evaM zAzvat svabhAva hI nizcaya-prANa hai, jisake bala para jIva kI jJAna, darzana, cAritrAdi se sambandhita vividha avasthAe~ prakaTa hotI haiN| cU~ki AtmA kI ananta zaktiyoM meM se do pramukha zaktiyA~ jJAnazakti (vizeSa jAnane kI zakti) aura darzanazakti (sAmAnya jAnane kI zakti) haiM, ataH gommaTasAra meM AtmA kI jJAna-darzanopayoga rUpa cetanA ko nizcaya-prANa kahA gayA hai| 21 paMcAstikAya meM nizcaya-prANa ko vizeSa mahattva dete hue kahA gayA hai ki yaha nizcaya-prANa hI hai, jo dasoM prakAra ke vyavahAra-prANoM meM cetanatA kA saMcAra karatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki nizcaya-prANa ke binA vyavahAra-prANa mahattvahIna (niSkriya) ho jAte haiN| yadyapi jainadarzana meM nizcaya-prANa ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai, phira bhI jIvana-prabandhana kisI apekSA se nizcaya aura vyavahAra prANa kA samyak santulita pravartana hai| adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #66
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) vyavahAra-prANa - nizcaya-prANa ke samAna vyavahAra-prANa kA bhI apanA viziSTa mahattva hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki nizcaya-prANa jIvana kA aMtaraMga (vAstavika) AdhAra hai aura vyavahAra-prANa jIvana kA bAhya (Aropita) AdhAra hai, phira bhI vyavahAra-prANa ke mahattva ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki kisI jIvita prANI ke mUrta svarUpa (zarIra) ke mAdhyama se hI amUrta svarUpa (AtmA) kI anubhUti taka pahu~canA sambhava hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie bhI samasta vyavahAra prANoM kA anuzAsita pravartana apekSita hai, kyoMki ye na kevala jIvana ke lakSaNa haiM, apitu jIvana jIne ke upayogI sAdhana bhI haiN| ye vyavahAra-prANa yadyapi paudgalika arthAt jar3a padArtha haiM, phira bhI inheM jIvana kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki jIvana meM cetanA kI abhivyakti inhIM ke mAdhyama se dekhI jAtI hai| paMcAstikAya meM vyavahAra-prANa kA lakSaNa isa prakAra se varNita hai - jo prANa pudagalAnvita arthAta padagala se racita haiM. kintu jinameM cetanA kI dhArA pravAhita hai, ve vyavahAra-prANa kahalAte haiN| isI prakAra ra kahA gayA hai ki pudgala dravya se utpanna jo indriyA~ Adi haiM, unakA cetanA ke mAdhyama se pravartana hI vyavahAra-prANa hai|4 anyatra bhI vyavahAra-prANa ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki ye pudgala (jar3a) kI hI saMracanA haiM aura isIlie rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparzAdi zaktiyoM se yukta haiN| yahA~ yaha dhyAna denA Avazyaka hogA ki vyavahAra-prANa sAmAnya jar3a padArthoM se isa artha meM bhinna hai ki inameM cetanA pravAhita hotI hai| vyavahAra prANoM ke dasa bheda haiN| gommaTasAra meM inakA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pA~ca indriyA~, tIna bala, eka zvAsocchvAsa aura eka Ayu - ye dasa prANa haiN| inakA varNana isa prakAra (ka) indriya (Senses) - sAMsArika jIvoM ke lie jAnane kA sAdhana 'indriya' kahalAtI hai| ye indriyA~ pA~ca prakAra kI hotI haiM - sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu evaM shrotr| vyakti ina indriyoM ke mAdhyama se pratisamaya bAhya jagat kI sUcanAe~ prApta karatA hai aura prApta jJAna ke AdhAra para apanA jIvana-vyavahAra calAtA hai| adhikAMza prANI ina indriyoM kA anAvazyaka kAryoM meM upayoga karate haiM aura jIvana meM apekSita saphalatA se vaMcita raha jAte haiM, ataH indriyoM kA samyak dizA meM samprayoga jIvana-prabandhana kA eka Avazyaka tattva hai aura isIlie jIvana-prabandhana indriya-vyApAroM ke samyak dizA meM niyojana kI vidhi bhI batAtA hai| (kha) bala (Power) - zarIra meM zakti kA upacaya (ekatrita rUpa) hI bala hai| vastutaH, bala, sAmarthya , parAkrama athavA sthAma - ye sabhI ekArthavAcI haiN| yaha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - manobala, vacanabala aura kaaybl|" vyakti manobala ke mAdhyama se guNa-doSoM kA vicAra, manana evaM smaraNa Adi karane, vacanabala ke mAdhyama se sUcanAoM aura bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane tathA kAyabala ke mAdhyama se AhAra, vihAra Adi vividha prakAra ke kAryoM ko karane meM samartha hotA hai| jIvana-prabandhana meM niyojana jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #67
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sa ke (Planning) se lekara kriyAnvayana (Implementation) taka pratyeka kArya meM ina tInoM baloM kA atyadhika prayoga hotA hai aura isIlie jIvana-prabandhana inake niSedhAtmaka upayoga ko rokane tathA sakArAtmaka upayoga ko bar3hAne kA nirdeza karatA hai| (ga) zvAsocchavAsa (Respiration) - prANavAyu ko andara khIMcanA aura bAhara nikAlanA zvAsocchavAsa kahalAtA hai| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai - bAhya evaM aabhyntr| bAhya zvAsocchavAsa vaha hotA hai, jo ghrANendriya ke dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura spaSTatayA anubhava meM AtA hai, jabaki Abhyantara zvAsocchavAsa vaha hotA hai, jo bAhya prANavAyu ko grahaNa karake use zvAsocchavAsa ke rUpa meM sampUrNa zarIra meM saMcarita karatA hai, ise sthUla rUpa se mahasUsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ina donoM prakAra ke zvAsocchavAsa kA jIvana meM viziSTa mahattva hai| Adhunika AyurvijJAna meM zvAsocchavAra sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha rakta-zodhana kI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa zarIra ko sakriya rakhatA hai| prAcIna darzanoM vizeSatayA yogadarzana meM bhI prANAyAma Adi kI prakriyA ko jo mahattva diyA gayA hai, vaha bhI zvAsocchavAsa ke mahattva ko iMgita karatA hai| jahA~ taka jaina jIvana-prabandhana kA prazna hai, isameM bhI zvAsocchavAsa kI zuddhatA, niyamitatA evaM sahajatA ko eka Avazyaka aMga mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki isase zArIrika-svasthatA evaM mAnasika sthiratA kI prApti hotI hai| (gha) Ayu (Life Time) - vaha prANa, jisake sadbhAva se AtmA eka zarIra meM rahatI hai aura jisakA abhAva ho jAne para AtmA evaM zarIra pRthak-pRthak ho jAte haiM, use Ayu kahate haiN| Ayu ke nimitta se AtmA pazu-pakSI Adi aneka prakAra ke jIvanarUpoM ko dhAraNa karatI hai| Ayu jIvana kA AdhAra hai aura pratikSaNa kSINa hotI jAtI hai| yaha kaba samApta ho jAe, yaha anizcitatA hI jIvana-prabandhana ke lie sajaga hone kI preraNA detI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra Adi meM isIlie jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko bArambAra samajhAkara naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA vikAsa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jIvana-prabandhana kA lakSya bhI yahI hai ki vyakti apanI Ayu kA sarvottama sadupayoga kre| isa prakAra, nizcaya aura vyavahAra prANa prANImAtra ke jIvana ke AdhAra haiN| vyAkhyAprajJapti meM prANoM ke mahattva ko darzAte hue kahA gayA hai ki eka samAna umra, zakti tathA sAdhana vAle do vyaktiyoM meM paraspara yuddha hone para eka hAra jAtA hai aura dUsarA jIta jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki prANa-zaktisampanna (savIrya) vyakti jIta jAtA hai aura prANa-zaktihIna (vIryahIna) hAra jAtA hai| yahA~ prANa-zakti (vIrya) se abhiprAya usa pracaNDa UrjA-zakti se hai, jo utsAha, umaMga, sAhasa, parAkrama, manobala yA saMkalpa bala ke rUpa meM ubharatI hai| ataH jIvana-prabandhana ke lie prANa-zakti kA samyak dizA meM niyojana aura pravartana atyAvazyaka kArya hai| vastutaH, nizcaya aura vyavahAra prANazaktiyoM ko uddezyavihIna kAryoM se haTAne tathA soddezya kAryoM meM pravartita karane se hI jIvana kA sarvottama sadupayoga ho sakatA hai aura yahI jIvana-prabandhana kA lakSya hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jIvana-prabandhana prANa-zaktiyoM ke samyak niyojana para AdhArita eka mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #68
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.2.4 jIvana ke AyAma jIvana-prabandhana ke lie jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM kA samyak parijJAna honA bhI Avazyaka hai, jo isa prakAra haiM - 1) saMsAra meM sabhI prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai aura isIlie sabhI jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| savve pANA piAuA, jIviu kAmA, savvesiM jIviyaM piyaM 2) jIvana aura jagat pratisamaya parivartanazIla haiM aura badalate hue jIvana meM pratipala naI-naI avasthAe~ AtI rahatI haiM evaM purAnI bItatI jAtI haiN| utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya-yuktaM sat 3) jIvana kA jo samaya bIta jAtA hai, vaha punaH lauTakara nahIM AtA, ataH vartamAna samaya kA samyak prabandhana karake hI jIvana ko saphala banAyA jA sakatA hai| jA jA vaccai rayaNI, na sA pddinniytti| dhammaM ca kuNamANassa, saphalA jaMti raaiyo|| 4) jIvana ke mukhyatayA pA~ca par3Ava haiM - janma, bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA, vRddhAvasthA tathA mRtyu|40 ina sabhI avasthAoM meM jIvana kA samyak prabandhana karanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jIvana nirantara mRtyu kI ora bar3hatA jAtA hai| uvaNijjai jIviyamappamAyaM 5) jIvana kSaNabhaMgura hai aura mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai| kaI prANI janma lete hI, kaI bAlyAvasthA meM aura kaI yuvAvasthA meM kAla ke gAla meM samA jAte haiM tathA bur3hApA to mRtyu kA dvAra yA dvArapAla hI hai| ataH kala kA bharosA kie binA vartamAna jIvana kA samyak prabandhana kara lenA cAhie, anyathA yaha mere pAsa hai aura yaha mere pAsa nahIM hai, yaha mujhe karanA hai aura yaha nahIM karanA hai - aisA vicAra karate-karate hI kAlarUpI cora prANoM kA haraNa kara letA hai| imaM ca me asthi imaM ca natthi, imaM ca me kicca imaM akiccaM / taM evamevaM lAlappamANaM, harA haraMti tti kahaM pmaae|| 6) jIvana meM cAra 'sa' alpa yA adhika mAtrA meM sabhI ko prApta hote haiM - samaya, samajha, sAmarthya evaM saamgrii| phira bhI, jIvana kA samyak prabandhana na hone se jIvana yU~ hI bIta jAtA hai| bacapana meM samajha, javAnI meM samaya , bur3hApe meM sAmarthya evaM mRtyu ke samaya sAmagrI kA abhAva honA, isakA pramukha kAraNa hai| ataH ucita vaya meM ucita kArya kara lenA cAhie, yahI jIvana-prabandhana hai| 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kahA gayA jaba taka bur3hApA nahIM AtA aura indriyA~ azakta nahIM hotI, taba taka dharma kA acchI taraha AcaraNa kara lenA caahie| 44 - 7) jIvana ke do rUpa batAe gae haiM saMyamita jIvana hI zreyaskara hai, kyoMki isameM jIvana nirvAha ke sAtha jIvana-nirmANa ke lakSya kI prApti kA prayatna bhI kiyA jAtA hai| yaha vastutaH anAvazyaka kAryoM ko chor3akara Avazyaka kAryoM ko mahattva dene vAlA jIvana hai| ina donoM prakAra ke jIvana ko hI hama kramazaH prabandhita aura aprabandhita jIvana bhI kaha sakate haiN| jarA jAva na pIlei, vAhI jAva na vaDDhai / jIviMdiyA na hAyaMti, tAva dhammaM samAyare / / 11 45 saMyamita - jIvana aura asaMyamita jIvana / inameM se jIvitaM duvihaM - saMjamajIviyaM, asaMjamajIviyaM ca 8) jIvana meM saMyoga aura viyoga kA silasilA lagA hI rahatA hai| isameM kabhI anukUla aura kabhI pratikUla paristhitiyA~ milatI rahatI haiN| inameM kaise jInA cAhie, yaha eka kalA hai| jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya isI kalA kA zikSaNa-prazikSaNa pradAna karanA hai| isake anusAra, vyakti ko jIvana-maraNa, lAbha-hAni, saMyoga-viyoga, kI bandhu - zatru aura sukha-duHkha paristhitiyoM meM rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara sama pariNAma rakhanA cAhie, jise sAmAyika kahate haiM 146 9) jIvana meM sabhI ko sukha acchA lagatA hai aura duHkha burA 'suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA' 17 ataH hameM yaha mAnanA cAhie ki jaise hameM duHkha priya nahIM hai, vaise hI saba jIvoM ko bhI duHkha priya nahIM hai| 48 jIvana - prabandhana kI nIti bhI yahI hai ki hama kisI ko duHkhI na kareM aura koI kucha bhI kare, hama duHkhI na hoN| ise hI 'jio aura jIne do' (Live & Let Live) kI nIti bhI kahate haiN| lAbhAlAbhe suhe dukkhe, jIvie maraNe tahA / samo niMdA - pasaMsAsu, tahA mANAvamANao / / 10) jIvana kA pUrvArdha vRddhimaya hotA hai, jabaki uttarArdha hrAsamaya hotA hai| isa AdhAra para jainAcAryoM ne jIvana ko sau varSa kA mAnakara dasa-dasa varSa ke dasa vibhAga kie haiM49_ 1) bAlA 2) krIr3A 3) mandA 4) balA 5) prajJA 6) hAyanI 7 ) prapaMcA 8 ) prAgdhArA 9) mRnmukhI 10) zAyanI adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only 11
Page #70
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ inameM se kisI bhI avasthA kI upekSA na karate hue sabhI avasthAoM meM jIvana ko sakArAtmaka dizA pradAna karanA jIvana ke samyak prabandhana ke lie eka Avazyaka karttavya hai (vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekheM , adhyAya - 5.1.1) / 11) jIvana meM bahiraMga pariveza bhI milatA hai aura aMtaraMga pariveza bhii| bahiraMga pariveza kA sambandha AsapAsa ke mAnavIya evaM gaira-mAnavIya padArthoM se hai, jabaki aMtaraMga pariveza kA sambandha Atmika evaM zArIrika pakSoM se hai| jIvana-prabandhana kA mUla niyantraka aMtaraMga pariveza aura usameM bhI Atmika-pakSa hai| isIlie jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA kA antima uddezya Atmika-pakSa ko pariSkRta karanA hai| isameM anekAneka niSedhAtmaka tattva haiM, jinakA parihAra karanA hotA hai, jaise - mithyAtva, ajJAna, saMjJAe~ (AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha), rAga-dveSa, kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA. lobha) evaM icchAe~ aadi| isI prakAra. isameM anekAneka sakArAtmaka tattva yogyatArUpa meM vidyamAna haiM, jinakA prakaTIkaraNa karanA hotA hai, jaise - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samatvayoga ityAdi (vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, adhyAya - 13) / sAra rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana ke anekAneka AyAma hote haiM, jinheM dhyAna meM rakhakara jIvana jInA hotA hai| yahI jIvana-prabandhana kI samyak dizA bhI hai| 1.2.5 jIvana ke vividha rUpa evaM mAnava-jIvana meM prabandhana kI yogyatA jo prANa dhAraNa karatA hai, use prANI kahate haiM, lekina prANiyoM ke bhI aneka rUpa hote haiN| ina rUpoM meM paraspara bhinnatA hotI hai| koI rUpa nimna, to koI ucca zreNI kA hotA hai| inameM se kauna-sA jIvana aisA hai, jisameM jIvana-prabandhana kI sarvazreSTha yogyatAe~ hotI haiM, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| jainadarzana meM jIvana kA vargIkaraNa karate hue jIvana ke vaividhya ko aneka dRSTikoNoM se darzAyA gayA hai aura isa bAta ko siddha kiyA gayA hai ki manuSya jIvana eka zreSTha jIvana rUpa hai, jisameM jIvana-prabandhana kI asIma yogyatAe~ nihita haiN| inameM se pramukha vargIkaraNa isa prakAra haiM - (1) saMsArI evaM mukta ke AdhAra para jIvana kA vargIkaraNa karate hue sarvaprathama saMsArI aura mukta - ina do rUpoM meM jIvana kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| 51 vaha jIvana, jo bhava-saMsaraNa arthAt paribhramaNa se nivRtti rUpa hai, mukta-jIvana kahalAtA hai 52 aura vaha jIvana, jisameM janma-maraNa rUpa paribhramaNa jArI rahatA hai, saMsArI-jIvana kahalAtA hai| jIvana-prabandhana kI apekSA se mukta-jIvana, jIvana ke sampUrNa vikAsa kA sarvazreSTha udAharaNa (Model) hai, kyoMki isa avasthA ko prApta jIva karmamala se mukta hokara ananta atIndriya sukha kA anubhava karate haiN| saMsArI jIvana jIne vAle sabhI prANiyoM ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM jIvana-prabandhana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, parantu inameM bhI manuSya hI jIvana-prabandhana kA suyogya adhikArI hotA hai| 12 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 12 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #71
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) gati ke AdhAra para punaH jainAcAryoM ne 'gati' ke AdhAra para saMsArI jIvana ke cAra bheda kie haiM - nAraka, tiryaMca, deva evaM mnussy| inameM se narakoM meM janma lene vAle jIva nAraka kahalAte haiM, jo hiMsAdi asatkAryoM meM nirata rahate haiM tathA jIvanaparyanta daivika, zArIrika, mAnasika, kSetrIya evaM paraspara-utpanna duHkhoM kA anubhava karate rahate haiN| dUsare tiryaca hote haiM, jo vanaspati Adi ekendriya, kITa-pataMga Adi vikalendriya aura jalacara, thalacara, nabhacara Adi paMcendriya ke bheda se aneka prakAra ke hote haiN| dhavalA meM kahA gayA hai ki jo mana-vacana-kAyA kI kuTilatA ko prApta haiM, jinakI AhAra Adi saMjJAe~ suvyakta haiM, jo nikRSTa ajJAnI haiM aura jinameM pAzavika pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM, ve tiryaMca kahalAte haiN|59 inheM jIvanaparyanta tAr3anA, tarjanA, chedana, bhedana, bandhana, roga, zoka, bhUkha, pyAsa, bojha, vedanA Adi daHkhoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| tIsare deva hote haiM, jo nAnA prakAra kI bAhya vibhUtiyoM se yukta hote haiM, aura dvIpa-samudra Adi sthAnoM para jAkara icchAnusAra krIr3A karate haiN| isa jIvana meM apAra aizvarya, viziSTa Rddhi, devAMganA Adi bhoga-sAmagrI, atulanIya zarIra, samRddha jJAna Adi prApta hote haiM, phira bhI prAyaH jIvana kabhI bhogavilAsitA meM lIna hokara aura kabhI viSaya-tRSNA ke mAnasika duHkhoM se pIr3ita hokara yU~ hI bIta jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, ina tInoM jIvanarUpoM meM jIvana-prabandhana kI sambhAvanAe~ atyalpa haiM, kyoMki inakA jIvana mUla-pravRttiyoM (Basic Instincts/saMjJA) se saMcAlita hotA hai aura inake svabhAva meM parivartana AnA asambhava prAyaH hotA hai| cauthe manuSya hote haiM, jo mana ke dvArA ucita-anucita vicAra yA manana karate haiM, kalA, zilpa Adi meM kuzala hote haiM, mana ke kAraNa utkRSTa kahalAte haiM aura manu kI santAna hote haiN| ye manuSya janma ke AdhAra para do prakAra ke hote haiM - sammUrchimaja (Asexual) evaM garbhaja (Sexual) / jo manuSya garbha meM utpanna na hokara viSTA, mUtra, kapha, vamana, nAsikA-mala, mRta deha, strI-purUSa sambhoga, pitta, mavAda, khUna, vIrya, sUkhakara punaH gIle hue vIrya, gaTara evaM anya saba azuci sthAna - ina caudaha prakAra ke sthAnoM meM utpanna hote haiM, ve sammUrchimaja kahalAte haiN| ye manarahita aura avikasita rahakara antarmuhUrta mAtra meM mara jAte haiN| dUsare, garbha meM utpanna hone vAle manuSya garbhaja kahalAte haiN| 65 ye niyamataH manasahita hI hote haiN| 66 jIvana-prabandhana kI dRSTi se dekheM, to ekamAtra garbhaja manuSya hI jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie cintana-manana karate hue samyak uddezya kA nirdhAraNa kara sakate haiM aura apane sAmarthya kA samyak prayoga kara nirdhArita uddezya kI prApti bhI kara sakate haiN| (3) sthAvara evaM trasa ke AdhAra para jainAcAryoM ne gamanAgamana kI yogyatA ke AdhAra para bhI saMsArI jIvana ke do bheda kie haiM - sthAvara evaM trs|" vaha jIvana, jisameM jIne vAle prANI samajhapUrvaka eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka gamanAgamana karane meM asamartha hote haiM, sthAvara kahalAtA hai| isameM mUlataH tiryaMca aura usameM bhI adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #72
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika tathA vanaspatikAyika jIvana kA samAveza hotA hai| isase viparIta vaha jIvana, jisameM jIne vAle prANI samajhapUrvaka eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka gamanAgamana karane meM samartha hote haiM, trasa kahalAtA hai| pUrvokta pRthvIkAyikAdi ko chor3akara zeSa samasta nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva trasa hI hote haiN| cetanA kA vikAsa atyalpa hone se sthAvara jIvana meM jIvana-prabandhana kI yogyatA bilkula nahIM hotI aura trasa jIvoM meM bhI mukhyatayA manuSya meM hI hotI hai| (4) iMdriya ke AdhAra para jainAcAryoM ne indriyoM kI prApti ke AdhAra para bhI jIvana ke pA~ca bheda kie haiM - ekendriya, beindriya, teindriya, caurindriya tathA pNcendriy| jisa jIvana meM ekamAtra sparzanendriya prApta hotI hai, vaha ekendriya kahalAtA hai, jaise - pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vnspti| jisameM sparzana aura rasana - ye do indriyA~ prApta hotI haiM, vaha beindriya kahalAtA hai, jaise - kRmi, sIpa, zaMkha, gaNDolA, ariSTa, candanaka, zambuka aadi| jisameM sparzana, rasana aura ghrANa - ye tIna indriyA~ prApta hotI haiM, vaha teindriya kahalAtA hai, jaise - na~, lIkha, khaTamala, cIMTI, iMdragopa, dImaka, jhIMgara, illI aadi| jisameM sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura cakSu - ye cAra indriyA~ prApta hotI haiM, vaha caurindriya kahalAtA hai, jaise - makar3I, pataMgA, DAMsa, bha~varA, madhumakkhI, gomakkhI, TiDDI, tataiyA Adi' aura jisameM sparzanAdi sampUrNa indriyA~ prApta hotI haiM, vaha paMcendriya kahalAtA hai, jaise - hAthI, baila, bakarI, manuSya Adi / pUrvokta nAraka, manuSya aura deva niyama se paMcendriya hote haiM, jabaki tiryaMca ekendriya se paMcendriya taka sabhI prakAra ke hote haiN| paMcendriya jIvana ke bhI do prakAra hote haiM - saMjJI (manasahita) aura asaMjJI (mnrhit)| jahA~ taka jIvana-prabandhana kA prazna hai, isakI yogyatA kevala saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM meM hI hotI hai. zeSa meM nahIM, kyoMki jIvana-prabandhana ke lie jJAna kA vikAsa apekSita hai aura jJAna ke vikAsa kA sambandha indriyoM evaM mana ke vikAsa se hai| isa prakAra. jainadarzana meM jIvoM ke vividha rUpoM kA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo isa bAta ko sUcita karatA hai ki jIvana ke to aneka rUpa haiM, kintu inameM manuSya jIvana sarvazreSTha jIvana hai| Age, vijJAna tathA darzana aura vizeSa rUpa se jainadarzana ke AdhAra para manuSya jIvana kI yogyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai, jisake kAraNa manuSya jIvana ko sarvazreSTha jIvana mAnA jAtA (1) Atmika pavitratA - yaha manuSya kI aMtaraMga zreSThatA hai| bhale hI nAraka aura tiryaMca gatiyoM ke prANI kisI dRSTi se manuSya ke samakakSa ho sakate haiM, phira bhI unameM kahIM na kahIM saMkleza pariNAmoM kA Adhikya hotA hai, jabaki manuSya meM sAmAnyatayA mandapariNAmoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #73
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) puNya karma kA viziSTa udaya - yaha manuSya kI karma-AdhArita yogyatA hai| nAraka aura tiryaMca gatiyoM ke prANI pApakarmoM ke tIvra udaya se pIr3ita hote haiM aura isIlie jIvana-prabandhana kA vicAra karanA bhI unake lie atyanta kaThina hai, kintu sAmAnyatayA manuSya kA itanA puNya kA udaya to hotA hI hai ki vaha jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA ko jIvana meM utAra ske| (3) paryAptiyA~ - jIva utpatti-sthAna para pahu~cakara antarmuhUrta meM jina pudgala paramANuoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, unase AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchavAsa, bhASA tathA mana kI saMracanA hotI hai aura pudgala ko AhArAdi rUpa meM pariNata karane kI isa zakti ko hI paryApti kahate haiN| manuSya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha AhArAdi chahoM prakAra kI paryAptiyoM ko prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai| vastutaH, ina paryAptiyoM kA milanA hI usake jIvana-prabandhana kI yogyatA kA prAthamika AdhAra hai| (4) indriyA~ - manuSya meM pA~coM indriyA~ hotI haiM, jinase vaha jIvana nirvAha evaM Atma-kalyANa hetu upayogI jJAna kI prApti kara sakatA hai| yaha aindrika yogyatA kitane hI tiryaMcoM meM nahIM pAI jaatii| (5) mana - manuSya meM vikasita mana hotA hai, jisase vaha cintana, manana, nirNaya, vicAra evaM kalpanA Adi karane meM samartha hotA hai| vaha sabhI prakAra se apane vikAsa ke bAre meM soca sakatA hai| yaha vikasita mana kI yogyatA bhI tiryaMcoM meM nahIM pAI jaatii| (6) vANI - manuSya meM apanI bhAvanAoM ko abhivyakta karane kI bhASika-zakti hotI hai, jisase vaha akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka donoM prakAra kI bhASAoM kA upayoga karane meM sakSama hotA hai| usake pAsa aneka bhASAe~ evaM boliyA~ haiM tathA inakA prayoga karane ke lie samRddha zabdakoza bhI hai| tiryaMca gati ke pazu-pakSI Adi meM isa zakti kA vikAsa nahIMvat hotA hai| (7) karmendriyA~ - manuSya meM kArya karane kI viziSTa yogyatAe~ hotI haiN| vaha hAtha-paira ke mAdhyama se rakhanA, uThAnA, pheMkanA, girAnA, calanA, rUkanA, khAnA, pInA Adi vividha kAryoM ko AsAnI se karane meM samartha hotA hai| (8) daihika saMracanA - manuSya ke pAsa eka atyanta jaTila (Complex), kintu ativikasita daihika saMracanA hai| Adhunika AyurvijJAna ke anusAra, manuSya eka bahukozikIya saMracanA (Multicellular Structure) vAlA prANI hai, jo saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM meM sabase adhika vikasita hai| DArvina kI vikAsavAdI mAnyatA bhI yaha mAnatI hai ki amIbA se jIvana kA vikAsa prArambha huA aura vibhinna caraNoM se gujarakara manuSya ke rUpa meM sarvAdhika vikasita avasthA ko prApta huaa| manuSya kI daihika saMracanA kA vistRta vivaraNa hameM taMdUlavaicArika grantha meM milatA hai| (7) dIrghAyu - manuSya ke pAsa sAmAnyatayA itanI jIvanAvadhi hotI hai ki vaha apanA jIvana-prabandhana sahajatA se kara ske| yaha yogyatA adhikAMza tiryaMca prANiyoM meM nahIM hotii| 15 adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #74
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (10) mAtA-pitA evaM parijana - manuSya ke pAsa eka sudRr3ha sAmAjika vyavasthA ke rUpa meM parivAra saMsthA (Family Institution) hai, jo pazu-pakSiyoM ke pAsa nahIM hai| manuSya ko janma ke sAtha hI mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bahana, dAdA-dAdI, nAnA-nAnI, cAcA-cAcI, mAmA-mAmI Adi kA Azraya, prema, sahayoga, surakSA evaM sevA kI prApti ho jAtI hai| isase jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM ke vikAsa kI preraNA bAra-bAra milatI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai ki mAtA-pitA Adi ke upakAroM kA badalA nahIM cukAyA jA sktaa| (11) sAmAjika saMgaThana - manuSya ke pAsa ar3osI-par3osI, mitra, kuTumbI, naukara-cAkara, sarakAra, prazAsana, cikitsaka, adhivaktA, abhiyantA, vyApArI Adi aneka sahayogI hote haiM, jinake anubhava, jJAna, vicAra, salAha Adi use prApta hote rahate haiN| inakA bhI jIvana-prabandhana hetu viziSTa lAbha samaya-samaya para milatA rahatA hai| (12) AjIvikA ke sAdhana - manuSya ke pAsa sAmAnyatayA jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hetu dhana-sampatti Adi kI vyavasthA hotI hai, jisase vaha nizcinta hokara jIvana-prabandhana kA prayAsa kara ske| (13) naitikatA ke sAdhana - manuSya ke pAsa paramAtmA yA unakI pratimA, gurU evaM zAstra upalabdha hote haiM, jinakA upayoga karake vaha naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa kara ske| yaha yogyatA sulabhatA se nAraka, tiryaMca aura deva ko nahIM miltii| (14) AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAdhana - manuSya ke pAsa aMtaraMga meM mati evaM zruta jJAna kI yogyatA hotI hai, jinakA samyak upayoga karake vaha jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya Adi kI samyak sAdhanA kara mokSa yA mukta avasthA kI prApti kara sakatA hai, jo jIvana-prabandhana kA parama sAdhya hai| yaha yogyatA manuSya ko chor3akara anya kisI prANI meM nahIM hotii| (15) parivartana-kSamatA - manuSya ke pAsa apanI prakRti (Adata/saMskAra) ko parivartita karane kI adbhuta yogyatA hai| pAzcAtya mAnavatAvAdI vicArakoM ne manuSya meM tIna viziSTa yogyatAe~ batAI haiM - vivekazakti (Rationality), sajagatA (Awareness) tathA saMyama (Self control or Temperence), jo isa bAta ko dhotita karatI haiM ki manuSya svayaM ko badalane kI pUrI kSamatA rakhatA hai| uparyukta binduoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki manuSya-jIvana meM pracura yogyatAe~ vidyamAna haiN| yadi inakA sakArAtmaka prayoga kiyA jAe, to manuSya-jIvana vikAsa kA sAdhana bana sakatA hai aura yadi nakArAtmaka prayoga kiyA jAe, to vinAza kA bhii| isameM rahakara eka ora mokSa kI prApti sambhava hai, to dUsarI ora naraka kI bhii| jIvana-prabandhana kA samyak prayoga kara manuSya kSamA, zAnti, samatA, sahiSNutA, saralatA Adi sadguNoM kA carama vikAsa kara sakatA hai| jaina-purANoM meM arjunamAlI, 16 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 16 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dRr3haprahArI, cilAtIputra, ilAyacIkumAra Adi aneka dRSTAnta haiM, jo isa bAta kI puSTi karate haiN| sAra rUpa meM, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAnava-jIvana meM hI prabandhana kI sarvazreSTha yogyatAe~ vidyamAna haiM aura isIlie prastuta zodha-prabandha kA suyogya pAtra bhI manuSya hI hai| =====4.>===== adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #76
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1. 3 jIvana - prabandhana ke sandarbha meM jIvana kI vividha zailiyA~ 1.3.1 jIvanazailI kA artha evaM avadhAraNA jIvanazailI kA zAbdika artha hai jIne kI zailI (The way of living) / saMskRta bhASA meM 'zailI' zabda kI utpatti 'zIla' zabda meM 'SyaJ' aura 'GIp' pratyaya jur3ane aura yakAra kA lopa hone se huI hai, jisakA artha hai - prakRti, svabhAva, caritra, Adata, vyavahAra, kAma karane kA DhaMga ityAdi / " isa prakAra, jIvanazailI ko jIvana - vyavahAra, jIvana-Adata, jIvana-svabhAva, jIvana - AcaraNa athavA jIvana -DhaMga bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| 'jIvanazailI' (Lifestyle ) eka pracalita zabda hai, jisakA prayoga apane-apane abhiprAya se sabhI karate haiM, jaise - koI sirpha pahanAve ke tarIke ko koI khAna-pAna sambandhI AdatoM ko, koI ghara kI sajAvaTa ko, to koI bolane-sunane kI kalA ko hI jIvanazailI kA mApadaNDa mAnatA hai, lekina yaha ucita nahIM hai| jIvanazailI kA sambandha kisI eka vyavahAra se nahIM, apitu jIvana ke samasta vyavahAroM se hai| vastutaH, isa badalate hue pariveza meM jIvanazailI ke antargata hamArA rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna, pahananA - or3hanA, sajanA -dhajanA, bolanA-sunanA, socanA-vicAranA, zrama - vizrAma Adi se sambandhita sampUrNa gatividhiyA~ zAmila ho jAtI haiN| isameM hamAre jIvana ke dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa rUpa bahiraMga aura aMtaraMga donoM hI pakSoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| Azaya yahI hai ki jIvanazailI hamAre jIvana jIne kA tarIkA hai aura yaha jIvana kI samagra evaM vAstavika tasvIra hai / bhale hI jIvana kI prApti aura usakI samayAvadhi hamAre hAtha meM nahIM hai, lekina jIvanazailI para hamArA pUrA adhikAra hai| hama jIvanazailI ko sudhAra bhI sakate haiM aura bigAr3a bhI / yaha hamArI ruci aura abhyAsa para nirbhara karatA hai ki hama apanI jIvanazailI ko kauna-sI dizA pradAna kareM? erisToTala ne kahA bhI hai hama jaisA bArambAra karate haiM, vaisA hI bana jAte haiM (We are what we repeatedly do) 178 - jaina AcArazAstroM meM jIvanazailI ko samyak dizA meM niyojita aura pravarttita karane ke lie samyak mArgadarzana diyA gayA hai, jisake AdhAra para hama apanI jIvanazailI kA samyak vikAsa kara sakate haiM, yahI jIvana - prabandhana kA mUla uddezya hai| 1.3.2 jIvana kI vividha zailiyA~ jIvana - prabandhana kA lakSya hai mAnavIya vikaas| mAnava meM hI vikAsa kI asIma sambhAvanAe~ chipI huI haiN| mAnavIya - jIvana saMsAra kI eka sarvotkRSTa racanA hai| isakA artha sirpha janma aura mRtyu ke bIca kI vivazatA nahIM hai, yaha jIvana to samyak utthAna, unnati aura utkarSa kI prApti kA amUlya avasara hai| isameM jahA~ zArIrika kSamatAoM ke vikAsa kI sambhAvanAe~ haiM, vahIM Atmika - zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kI bhI / yaha atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hai ki mAnava meM anya samasta prANiyoM kI tulanA meM apanI jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 18 For Personal & Private Use Only 18
Page #77
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ viziSTa yogyatAoM ko bar3hAne kI sarvAdhika zakyatA hai| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki vaha ina viziSTatAoM kA samyak prabandhana kare aura yahI jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya bhI hai| jahA~ sAmarthya aura svatantratA adhika hotI hai, vahA~ jIvana jIne ke tarIkoM meM vividhatAe~ bhI adhika hotI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki pazuoM kI tulanA meM manuSyoM kI jIvanazailI meM atyadhika vaividhya dikhatA hai| akSamatA aura paratantratA kI vivazatA se paza-jAti ke prANiyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hone para bhI jIvana-vyavahAra meM prAyaH sAmya hotA hai, jabaki saMkhyA apekSAkRta alpa hote hue bhI pratyeka mAnava kI jIvanazailI apane Apa meM ananya, anokhI, anUThI, vilakSaNa aura advitIya hotI hai| kahA jA sakatA hai - Lifestyle of every individual is unique. jIvana-prabandhana ko samajhane ke lie jIvana jIne kI ina vividha zailiyoM ko jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki vyakti kI jIvanazailiyoM ke vividha rUpoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki prApta yatAoM kA prayoga kina-kina prakAroM se kiyA jA rahA hai tathA inameM se kauna-sA prayoga sahI haiM evaM kauna-sA nahIM? apanI zakti kA sahI upayoga karanA hI jIvana-prabandhana hai| vastutaH, yaha mahasUsa karanA hogA ki jIvana koI yantra nahIM hai, jisake vividha avayava pratikSaNa eka jaisA kArya kara rahe hoN| jIvana kI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai - usake saMvedanAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka pakSa, jo hara samaya yaha nirdeza dete rahate haiM ki hameM jIvana kaise jInA hai| ina nirdezoM arthAt antarAtmA kI AvAja meM pratisamaya parivattana Ane se jIvana-vyavahAra bhI satata badalatA rahatA hai| yaha kabhI sakArAtmaka ho jAtA hai aura kabhI nakArAtmaka / ataH prastuta prakaraNa meM hameM jIvana kI vividha zailiyoM aura unake aucitya-anaucitya kA cintana karanA hai, jisase hama samyak jIvanazailI ko samajha sakeM, svIkAra sakeM aura unakA anukaraNa kara jIvana kA samyak prabandhana kara skeN| vyakti ke samakSa jIvana-lakSya aura usakI prApti ke upAya sambandhI anekAneka vikalpa hote haiN| vaha apanI AkAMkSAoM evaM AvazyakatAoM ke AdhAra para inakA cayana evaM prayoga karatA hai| cUMki AkAMkSAoM evaM AvazyakatAoM meM vividhatAe~ hotI haiM, isIlie hameM nAnAvidha jIvanazailiyA~ bhI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie mukhya zailiyoM ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai, jo merI dRSTi meM, isa prakAra haiM - (1) AdhyAtmika aura bhautika - Atma-zuddhi aura Atma-zAnti para kendrita jIvanazailI AdhyAtmika kahI jAtI hai, jabaki anAtma yA jar3a padArthoM para kendrita jIvanazailI bhautika kahI jAtI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, bhautika pragati se hameM kevala suvidhA aura sampannatA mila sakatI hai, lekina zAnti, santuSTi, Ananda aura pavitratA kI prApti to AdhyAtmika jIvanazailI se hI sambhava hai| yaha nizcita hai ki AdhyAtmika jIvanazailI ko apanAe binA jIvana-prabandhana kA svapna kabhI sAkAra nahIM ho sktaa| adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 19 19 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #78
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) arthaparaka, kAmaparaka, dharmaparaka, aura mokSaparaka - vyakti kI jIvanazailI meM bhinna-bhinna purUSArthoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| ye purUSArtha cAra hote haiM - artha, kAma, dharma aura mokss| arthaparaka jIvanazailI meM dhana, sampatti Adi kA saMgraha karane ke prayAsoM kI mukhyatA hotI hai, to kAmaparaka jIvanazailI meM saMcita dhana, sampatti Adi ke bhogopabhoga ke prayatnoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, dharmaparaka jIvanazailI meM asadAcAra, azubhAcAra evaM pApakAryoM se nivRtti tathA sadAcAra, zubhAcAra evaM puNyakAryoM meM pravRtti ke purUSArtha kI prabalatA hotI hai, to mokSaparaka jIvanazailI meM para se sva, vibhAva se svabhAva, duHkhI avasthA se sukhI avasthA aura asthiradazA se sthiradazA kI prApti ke samyak prayatna kI pramukhatA hotI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, mokSaparaka jIvanazailI hI parama karttavya aura parama-lakSya hai| arthaparaka aura kAmaparaka jIvanazailiyA~ kisI viziSTa apekSA se nirarthaka, niHsAra, saMsAra-paribhramaNa ko baDhAne tmaka-azAnti kA kAraNa hone se tyAjya haiN| dharmaparaka jIvanazailI seta ke samAna hai, jo artha aura kAma ke purUSArthoM para ucita niyantraNa karake AtmA kI pAtratA kA vikAsa karatI hai aura mokSa ke purUSArtha ke lie samyak sAdhana banatI hai| (3) pravRttiparaka aura nivRttiparaka - jisameM mana, vacana aura kAyA kI vRttiyoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, vaha pravRttiparaka aura jisameM inake saMyama (nirodha) kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, vaha nivRttiparaka jIvanazailI kahalAtI hai| jainadarzana mukhyatayA nivRttiparaka vicAradhArA hai| isakI mAnyatA hai ki nivRttiparaka jIvanazailI ke mAdhyama se hI saMsAra evaM sarva duHkhoM se mukti pAkara AtmA evaM AtmAnanda kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai| phira bhI, isake AcAra-granthoM meM kramika nivRtti kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai aura sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jaba taka yathAyogya nivRtti nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka pravRttiyoM meM sAtvikatA, zubhratA evaM pavitratA kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| jIvana-prabandhana vastutaH, nivRttiparaka jIvanazailI ko anukrama se apanAne kI eka prakriyA hai| (4) vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika - jIvana-lakSyoM kI prApti ke lie jisameM vyaktigata hitoM ke prayAsoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, vaha vaiyaktika aura jisameM sAmUhika hitoM ke prayAsoM kI mukhyatA hotI hai, vaha sAmAjika jIvanazailI hotI hai| jainadarzana meM vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvanazailI ke prati samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa rahA hai| isakA mAnanA hai ki vyakti ko deza, kAla evaM paristhiti meM AvazyakatA aura aucitya kA vicAra karake donoM jIvanazailiyoM ko apanAnA caahie| ina donoM zailiyoM meM isa prakAra sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA cAhie ki vaiyaktika hita to ho, lekina sAmAjika ahita na ho| hamAre vyAvahArika jIvana kA nirvahana naitika mAnadaNDoM para AdhArita ho| vastutaH, yaha samanvita jIvanazailI hI jIvana kA samucita jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 20 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #79
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vikAsa karane meM sakSama aura jIvana- prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka hai / ( 5 ) svAzrita aura parAzrita jIvana jIne kA vaha tarIkA, jisameM vyakti apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie svayaM para Azrita hotA hai, vaha svAzrita aura jisameM anyoM, jaise parijana, par3osI, mitra Adi para Azrita hotA hai, vaha parAzrita jIvanazailI hotI hai / - jainadarzana svAzrita jIvanazailI kA pakSadhara hai, lekina isameM yaha bhI nirdeza ki yadi vyakti aparipakva, asaMyamita evaM ajJa hai, to usakI svAzrita jIvanazailI kabhI bhI svacchanda jIvanazailI meM parivarttita ho sakatI hai / vyakti kI svacchandatA, svayaM aura samAja donoM ke lie ghAtaka siddha ho sakatI hai, ataH aise vyakti ko yogya nimittoM ke Azraya se apane vyaktitva kA vikAsa karanA cAhie / isa prakAra, jainadarzana donoM zailiyoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karatA hai / jIvana - prabandhana ke lie vyakti ko vivekapUrvaka svamUlyAMkana karake yogya evaM locapUrNa (Flexible) jIvanazailI ko apanAnA cAhie 182 ( 6 ) sevA - pradhAna aura svArtha- pradhAna jIvana jIne kA vaha DhaMga, jisameM lokahita kA prayojana mukhya ho, vaha sevApradhAna aura jisameM svahita kI saMkIrNa mAnasikatA ho, vaha svArthapradhAna jIvanazailI kahalAtI hai| - - - jainadarzana kA isa viSaya meM gahana aura vyApaka dRSTikoNa hai| isake anusAra, laukika upalabdhiyA~, jaise pada, paisA, parigraha, prasiddhi Adi to pUrvakRta karmoM ke pariNAma haiM, ataH inakI lAlasA meM vicalita nahIM honA caahie| laukika svArtha ke vazIbhUta hokara saMkIrNa, kaluSita aura anaitika jIvana-vyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhie, anyathA aisA jIvana - vyavahAra navIna pApa karmoM ke bandha kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| ataH vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha laukika upalabdhiyoM ke abhAva meM bhI sarala, santuSTa aura avicalita rahe / yadi karmavazAt usake pAsa laukika sAdhanoM kA Adhikya ho, to vaha svArthI na bane, varan inakA upayoga sevA ke kSetra meM vaiyAvRtya ( Abhyantara tapa kA eka prakAra), dAna ( caturvidha dharma kA eka prakAra), saMvibhAjana (dvAdaza vrata meM se eka) 85 Adi ke rUpa meM kre| isase vyakti kI svArthavRtti para ucita aMkuza lagegA aura sAmAjika santulana kI abhivRddhi hogI, lekina yaha avasthA bhI sirpha madhyavartI sopAna hai, antima sAdhya nahIM / jainadarzana ke anusAra, vyakti kA parama - sAdhya AdhyAtmika vikAsa hai, jisameM laukika svArtha aura laukika sevA se pare Atmahita hI sarvopari hotA hai| 86 83 84 (7) karttavyaparaka aura adhikAraparaka jIvana jIne kI vaha zailI, jisameM utsAhapUrvaka dAyitvanirvAha kI mukhyatA ho, vaha karttavyaparaka aura jisameM aprApta adhikAroM kI cAha evaM prApta adhikAroM kA ahaMkAra mukhya ho, vaha adhikAraparaka jIvanazailI hotI hai / jainaAcAramImAMsA kA anuyAyI, adhikAroM kI mA~ga karane ke bajAya karttavyoM kA nirvahana karane ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai / jaise-jaise vaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA Age bar3hatA hai, vaise-vaise use adhikAroM adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha 21 For Personal & Private Use Only 21
Page #80
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kI niHsAratA, tucchatA aura anityatA anubhava meM Ane lagatI hai, pariNAmasvarUpa adhikAroM kI AkAMkSA zanaiH-zanaiH vilupta hotI jAtI hai| isI prakAra AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kI prakriyA meM jaba taka vyakti samAja kI paridhi meM jItA hai, taba taka niHsvArtha aura nizchala bhAva se apane karttavyoM kA samyak nirvahana karane ke lie tatpara rahatA hai| antataH sarvasaMga kA parityAga kara kevala Atma-kalyANa ke punIta karttavya meM rata ho jAtA hai|T samyagdRSTi jIvar3A, kare kuTumba antarasuM nyAro rahe, jyoM dhAya khilAve pratipAla / bAla / / ' (8) AtmaprazaMsAparaka aura AtmapravINatAparaka ahaMkAra Adi kI puSTi ke lie apanI pratibhA, samRddhi Adi upalabdhiyoM ko jaisI haiM vaisI athavA bar3hA-car3hAkara prastuta karane kI jIvanazailI Atma-prazaMsAparaka yA pradarzanaparaka hotI hai, jabaki pradarzana ke bajAya vAstavika Atma-nipuNatA ke vikAsa meM vizvAsa rakhane kI jIvanazailI Atma-pravINatAparaka hotI hai| jahA~ taka jainadarzana kA savAla hai, isameM aMtaraMga vyaktitva - vikAsa ko hI vAstavika vikAsa mAnA gayA hai| isakA mAnanA hai ki guNoM se hI pUjyatA prakaTa hotI hai| yahA~ arihaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ko unake guNoM ke AdhAra para hI pUjanIya aura vandanIya mAnA gayA hai| yaha nirdeza bhI diyA gayA hai ki guNijanoM ko dekhakara kabhI bhI IrSyA nahIM karanI cAhie, apitu mana meM pramoda yA Ananda umar3anA caahie| 89 isase viparIta, pradarzanAtmaka jIvanazailI ko mAyAparaka AcaraNa kahA gayA hai / ise yaza, kIrtti, sammAna, prasiddhi athavA lobha kI pUrti ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA eka nindanIya AcaraNa mAnA gayA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki Atma-prazaMsA aura para - nindA se nimna gotra kI prApti hotI hai / " 88 - (9) kalAparaka, vANijyaparaka aura vijJAnaparaka kalA para AdhArita jIvanazailI meM kalA-kauzala kI nipuNatA hotI hai, vANijya para AdhArita jIvanazailI meM lekhA-jokhA evaM lAbha-hAni kA vizleSaNa karane kI pravINatA hotI hai aura vijJAna para AdhArita jIvanazailI meM nirIkSaNa, vizleSaNa, parIkSaNa tathA prayoga para AdhArita jJAna kI viziSTatA hotI hai| ye tInoM hI jIvanazailiyA~ sAMsArika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM kSetroM meM vikAsa ke lie sahayogI hotI haiN| ye janmajAta bhI hotI haiM aura upArjita bhI / jainadarzana ke sAhitya dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se kalA, vijJAna aura vANijya kI triveNI haiN| ye cAra anuyogoM - dharmakathAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga aura caraNa-karaNAnuyoga meM vibhAjita haiN|1 inameM se caraNa - karaNAnuyoga ko kalA, dravyAnuyoga ko vijJAna aura gaNitAnuyoga ko vANijya kahA jA sakatA hai / antima anuyoga hai - dharmakathAnuyoga, jisameM pUrvokta tInoM anuyogoM kA samyak samanvaya kara jIvana ko Adarza banAne vAle mahApurUSoM kI kathAe~ haiN| jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa kahA jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 22 22 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #81
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai ki jIvana ke samyak vikAsa ke lie cAroM anuyogoM kA mahattva hai| isa prakAra, jainadarzana kalA, vijJAna aura vANijya para AdhArita eka samanvita jIvanazailI kA pakSadhara hai, jo jIvana - prabandhana ke lie bhI Avazyaka hai| 93 (10) sphUrttiparaka aura pramAdaparaka kucha logoM kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyoM meM sphUrtti hotI hai, jabaki kucha logoM kI pravRttiyoM meM pramAda (asAvadhAnI yA Alasya) jhalakatA hai| jainadarzana meM pramAda ko sarvathA tyAgane yogya kahA gayA hai samayaM mA pamAyae / 2 isameM pramAda ko karma-bandhana ke pA~ca hetuoM meM se eka mAnA gayA hai| ye pA~ca hetu haiM - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga / yahA~ kevala bAhya asAvadhAnI ko hI nahIM, apitu eka kSaNa ke lie bhI Atma-svarUpa kI vismRti hone ko pramAda kahA gayA hai| Azaya itanA hai ki jainadarzana meM vyakti ko jIvana ke samyak uddezya kI pUrti ke lie jAgrata aura prayatnazIla rakhane vAlI pramAdarahita sphUrttiparaka jIvanazailI apanAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jo jIvana- prabandhana kI saphalatA meM atyanta upayogI hai| (11) AkAMkSAparaka aura santoSaparaka AkAMkSAparaka vyaktiyoM kI jIvanazailI meM sAdhanoM aura suvidhAoM kI lAlasA kA Adhikya hotA hai| ve saMgraha-vRtti vAle tathA prApta upalabdhiyoM meM sadA asantuSTa aura aprApta ke prati lAlAyita rahate haiN| isake viparIta, santoSaparaka jIvanazailI vAle vyaktiyoM meM prApta upalabdhiyoM meM santuSTa ho jAne kI vRtti hotI hai| inameM se kucha virala - vibhUtiyA~ aisI bhI hotI haiM, jo svayaM ko prApta sAmagriyoM meM na kevala santuSTa ho jAtI haiM, balki anyoM ke lie unakA saMvibhAga bhI kara detI haiN| 95 jaina - sAdhanA kA sarvocca Adarza vItarAga avasthA hai, jisameM koI icchA zeSa nahIM rahatI, ataH spaSTa hai ki jainadarzana AkAMkSAparaka jIvanazailI kA pakSadhara nahIM hai| yahA~ sadaiva icchAoM para vijaya prApta karane kA mArgadarzana diyA jAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki icchAoM kA nirodha karanA hI samyak tapa hai" aura isa tapa se Atma-zuddhi, Atma-kalyANa aura Atma - zAnti kI prApti hotI hai| yahA~ gRhastha ho athavA sAdhu donoM ko hI santoSa aura nirlobhatAyukta jIvanazailI se jIne kA upadeza diyA gayA hai lobhaM saMtosao jiNe sAdhu ko to sirpha udarapUrti jitanA grahaNa karane aura gRhastha ko bhI AvazyakatAnusAra sImita saMgraha karane kA hI nirdeza diyA gayA hai| gRhastha ke lie jo bArahavAM vrata upadiSTa hai, usake anusAra, use apanI sAmagriyoM meM se eka ucita aMza kA saMvibhAga satpurUSoM ke lie karanA cAhie / " yahA~ taka bhI kahA gayA hai ki asaMvibhAgI kA mokSa sambhava nahIM hai| 88 jaina sAdhu kA yaha karttavya batAyA gayA hai ki AhAra lAne ke pazcAt vaha prItipUrvaka AcArya evaM anya sAdhuoM ko anukrama se nimaMtraNa de aura prasannatApUrvaka unake sAtha AhAra kre| yaha pArasparika prema aura santoSa kA Adarza svarUpa hai| isake atirikta 98 23 - - adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only 23
Page #82
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (12) phaizanaparaka aura sAdagIparaka - phaizanaparaka jIvanazailI vAlA vyakti lokAcAra kA andhAnukaraNa kara apane pahanAve, cAla-DhAla, khAna-pAna, AbhUSaNa-vilepana Adi se logoM ko AkarSita karake prabhAvita karanA cAhatA hai, lekina sAdagIparaka jIvanazailI vAlA vyakti svAbhAvika saundarya aura sAdagIyukta jIvana jItA hai| jainadarzana sAdagIparaka jIvanazailI ko hI ucita mAnatA hai, kyoMki isameM alpArambha aura alpaparigraha hotA hai| isase prANiyoM kI surakSA, samaya kI barbAdI se bacAva, zramapUrvaka upArjita dhana kA mitavyaya aura Atmahita sambhava ho pAte haiN| isake viparIta, phaizanaparaka jindagI meM prayukta kaoNsmeTiksa, vastra, pharnIcara Adi sAdhana maha~ge bhI hote haiM, prANiyoM kI hiMsA se nirmita hote haiM, inake bhogopabhoga meM jIvana kA amUlya samaya naSTa hotA hai aura vyakti kI manovRtti meM vikAra evaM vAsanAoM kA janma hotA hai, ataH jainadarzana meM inheM tyAjya batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH, sAdagIparaka jIvanazailI se hI jIvana kI asIma zaktiyoM kA sadupayoga karane kI sambhAvanAe~ utpanna hotI haiM, ataH yaha jIvana-prabandhana ke lie eka anivArya AvazyakatA hai| vastutaH, AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti to sambhava hai, kintu icchAoM aura apekSAoM kI nhiiN| 100 ye to citta meM vikSobha utpanna kara tanAva ko janma detI haiM, ataH jainadarzana meM inheM sImita karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| (13) suniyojita aura aniyojita - suniyojita (Planned) jIvanazailI meM suvyavasthita cintana karake kArya karane kI nIti hotI hai, jabaki aniyojita (Unplanned) jIvanazailI meM cintana, vicAra athavA niyojana kI hI upekSA hotI hai| jainadarzana meM suniyojita jIvanazailI ko hI ucita mAnA gayA hai| isake anusAra, samyagjJAna se hI satya-asatya kA viveka aura kRtya-akRtya kA nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| jJAna ke binA kiyA gayA AcaraNa parama-sAdhya rUpa mokSa kI prApti nahIM karA sktaa| 102 vastutaH, samyagjJAna (Right Knowledge), samyagdarzana (Right Belief) aura samyakcAritra (Right Character) kI ekatA hI mokSa-mArga hai|103 isameM bhI cAritra kA mUla darzana hai, to darzana kA mUla jJAna hai|104 kahA jA sakatA hai ki sahI jAnane evaM sahI mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha sahI jInA hI jIvana-saphalatA kA siddhAnta hai| ataH aniyojita jIvanazailI anucita hI nahIM, varan mUrkhatApUrNa bhI hai| (14) AvazyakatAparaka evaM anAvazyakatAparaka - AvazyakatAparaka jIvana-vyavahAra meM vyakti Avazyaka kAryoM ko hI mahattva detA hai aura anAvazyakatAparaka meM vyakti nirarthaka kAryoM meM hI apane samaya, saMskAra, sammAna, samRddhi aura UrjA kA nAza kara DAlatA hai| ___ jainadarzana kA Azaya yaha hai ki jIvana alpa hai aura jaMjAla aneka haiN| 105 ataH anAvazyaka kAryoM meM jIvana ko naSTa na kara vivekapUrvaka samyak lakSya nirdhAraNa karake usakI prApti hetu yogya kArya hI karanA caahie| jo kArya anAvazyaka yA nirarthaka hote haiM, unakA 'anartha-daNDa-parimANa vrata' ke jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 24 sa For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #83
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 106 mAdhyama se tyAga karanA cAhie, anyathA ye vyartha hI navIna karma - bandhanoM kA kAraNa banate haiM / yaha jIvanazailI jIvana- prabandhana ke samyak kriyAnvayana meM sahAyaka hotI hai, kyoMki yaha alpatama prayAsa ke dvArA adhikatama pariNAma kI prApti ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| ( 15 ) vyasanayukta aura vyasanamukta eka jIvana-DhaMga vyasanayukta hai, jisameM vyakti kucha aisI AdateM banA letA hai, jo use pahale masta karatI haiM, phira vyasta karatI haiM, kucha samaya bAda trasta karatI haiM aura anta meM asta kara detI haiN| lekina, dUsarA DhaMga vyasanamukta hai, jisameM vyakti vyasana ke mohapAza se mukta rahakara jIvana ko sArthaka banA sakatA hai| jainaAcArazAstroM meM prAthamika rUpa se saptavyasanoM se mukta hone kI zikSA dI gaI hai, jo pratyeka mAnava ke lie AcaraNIya hai| ye vyasana haiM107 1) zikAra 2) juA 3) corI 4) mAMsabhakSaNa 5 ) madyapAna 6 ) vezyAgamana 7) parastrIgamana (16) saiddhAntikajJAnaparaka aura prAyogikajJAnaparaka jisameM siddhAntoM para AdhArita zikSA kA Adhikya hotA hai, vaha saiddhAntika - jJAnaparaka jIvanazailI kahalAtI hai aura jisameM prayoga yA abhyAsa para AdhArita zikSA kI mukhyatA hotI hai, vaha prAyogika - jJAnaparaka jIvanazailI kahalAtI hai| - jahA~ taka jainaAcArazAstroM kA prazna hai, inameM zikSA ke saiddhAntika aura prAyogika - donoM pakSoM ko samAna rUpa se mahattva diyA gayA hai| 108 yaha jIvana - prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka hai, kyoMki isase jIvana kA santulita vikAsa hotA hai| (17) AvegapradhAna evaM zAntipradhAna vaha jIvanazailI, jisameM hamArI pravRttiyoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra AvegoM (kaSAyoM) kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura jisase hamAre bahiraMga evaM aMtaraMga pariveza meM azAMti, tanAva aura nirAzA kA vAtAvaraNa chA jAtA hai, AvegapradhAna (kASAyika) jIvanazailI kahalAtI hai| isake viparIta, vaha jIvanazailI, jisameM kSamA, mRdutA, saralatA aura nirlobhatA Adi sadguNoM kI abhivyaktiyA~ hotI haiM aura jisase zAnti, sadbhAvanA tathA sauhArdapUrNa vAtAvaraNa kI sthApanA hotI hai, zAntipradhAna ( akASAyika) jIvanazailI kahalAtI hai| - jainadarzana meM AvegAtmaka jIvanazailI ko vikAra yA vibhAva rUpa hone se tyAjya kahA gayA hai aura akASAyika jIvanazailI ko svabhAva rUpa hone se pUrNa kaSAyarahita jIvana ko sarvocca Adarza ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| 109 - (18) ziSTatAyukta evaM aziSTatAyukta - kucha logoM kI jIvanazailI meM sabhyatA, vinamratA aura Adara jhalakatA hai, jabaki kucha logoM kA vyavahAra asabhya, avinIta aura azobhanIya hotA hai| 25 jainadarzana meM guru aura ziSya ke bIca AtmIya sambandhoM kI sthApanA hetu jo vyApaka varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki vyakti ko sadaiva ziSTatAyukta vyavahAra karanA cAhie aura yaha adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only 25
Page #84
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvanazailI bhI jIvana-prabandhana kA anivArya aMga hai| 110 jainAcArya hemacaMdra ne mArgAnusArI zrAvaka kA dvitIya guNa ziSTAcAra-prazaMsaka batAyA hai, jo sabhI jIvana-prabandhakoM ke lie pAlana karane yogya hai|'' (19) saMyamita aura asaMyamita12 - asaMyamita jIvana-vyavahAra meM svacchandatA kA Adhipatya, mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI sImAoM kA atikramaNa tathA hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya evaM parigraha kI vRttiyoM kA Adhikya hotA hai, jabaki saMyamita jIvana-vyavahAra meM svacchandatA kA nirodha, hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApoM kA parityAga tathA sva aura para donoM kA hita hotA hai| jainadarzana meM sabhI ke lie saMyamita jIvanazailI ko apanAne kA nirdeza milatA hai| gRhastha ke lie alpa saMyama rUpa aNuvratoM kA vidhAna hai, to zramaNa ke lie pUrNa saMyama rUpa mahAvratoM kaa| 13 (20) anya jIvanazailiyA~ - isameM samayaparaka (Time Oriented), guNavattAparaka (Quality Oriented), parimANaparaka (Quantity Oriented), mitavyayitAparaka (Economy Oriented) yA vividhatAparaka (Variety Oriented) Adi jIvanazailiyoM kA samAveza hotA hai| kisI bhI kArya ko karane meM samayaparaka jIvanazailI meM samaya kI dRr3hatA jhalakatI hai, guNavattAparaka meM kArya kI guNavattA yA stara ko mahattva diyA jAtA hai, parimANaparaka meM kArya ke parimANa yA mAtrA kI mukhyatA hotI hai aura mitavyayitAparaka meM vyaya ko nyUnatama karane para bala diyA jAtA hai| jainadarzana kA mAnanA hai ki sAmAnyarUpa se vyakti kI kAryazailI aisI honI cAhie ki kArya ke sabhI ghaTakoM ko samAna mahattva diyA jA sake aura yadi apavAdarUpa se asamAna mahattva denA par3e, to deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti ke AdhAra para nirNaya lenA caahie| isa prakAra, jIvana kI pramukha jIvanazailiyoM ke parijJAna se yaha spaSTa hai ki vyakti ko satarkatApUrvaka apanI jIvanazailI kA nirmANa karanA caahie| vaha cAhe to nakArAtmaka jIvanazailI ke dvArA jIvana ko nirarthaka banA sakatA hai aura cAhe to sakArAtmaka jIvanazailI ke dvArA sArthaka banA sakatA hai| jainadarzana para AdhArita jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA sUkSmAtisUkSma vizleSaNa karake samIcIna dizA-nirdeza detI hai, jisakA anusaraNa kara sakArAtmaka jIvanazailI ke rUpa meM jIvana kA rUpAntaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| -- ===4.>=== 26 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.4 jIvana- prabandhana ke sandarbha meM prabandhana kA mUla svarUpa evaM jIvana meM prabandhana kI upayogitA 'prabandhana' zabda kI vyutpatti hai 1.4.1 prabandhana kA sAmAnya paricaya 'prakRSTaM bandhanam iti prabandhanam' / 'prakRSTa' kA artha hai sarvottama yA zreSTha aura 'bandhana' kA artha hai - jor3ane yA ekIkaraNa kI prakriyA, ataH sAmAnyarUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ekIkaraNa yA samanvaya kI sarvottama prakriyA hI prabandhana hai / prabandhana kI prakriyA meM mUlataH pA~ca pakSoM kA samAveza hotA hai - 1) sAdhanA yA prabandhana (Management ) * vaha kArya - zrRMkhalA yA prakriyA, jisake mAdhyama se lakSya kI prApti kI jAtI hai, sAdhanA yA prabandhana kahalAtI hai / 3) sAdhya (Goal) 2) sAdhaka yA prabandhaka (Manager ) - vaha vyakti, jo lakSya kI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla hotA hai, sAdhaka yA prabandhaka kahalAtA hai (sAdhayati iti sAdhaka : 114 ) / vaha lakSya yA uddezya, jise sAdhaka (prabandhaka) prApta karanA cAhatA hai, sAdhya kahalAtA hai (iSTamabAdhitamasiddhaM sAdhyam "5 ) / aMgrejI bhASA meM ise (Objective, Aim, Target) Adi bhI kahate haiN| 115 -- 27 - 4) sAdhana (Means) - vaha jaivika yA bhautika tattva, jo lakSya - prApti ke lie sahayogI banatA hai, sAdhana kahalAtA hai (sAdhanaM kAraNaM 116 ) / 5) siddhi (Achievement of Goal) vaha avasthA, jisameM sAdhaka sAdhya kI prApti kara letA hai, siddhi yA saphalatA kahalAtI hai (sidhyanti kRtArthA bhavanti yasyAM sA siddhiH 117 ) / - adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only 27
Page #86
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pariveza sAdhyA sAdhaka, sAdhana, sAdhanA, sAdhya evaM siddhi kA sambandhadarzaka rekhAcitra uparyukta citra se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki - * sAdhaka sarvaprathama prabandhana kA prayoga kara sAdhya kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| * sAdhaka phira prabandhana kA prayoga kara sAdhana ko grahaNa karatA hai| * sAdhaka antataH prabandhana kA prayoga kara sAdhya kI siddhi karatA hai| spaSTa hai ki sAdhanA yA prabandhana ke mAdhyama se hI sAdhya, sAdhaka aura sAdhana kI ekatA hotI hai, jisase siddhi arthAt saphalatA kI prApti hotI hai| mUlataH prabandhana vaha prakriyA hai, jo badalate hue pariveza meM nirdhArita sAdhya kI prApti ke lie sAdhaka, sAdhana tathA sAdhya ko eka sUtra meM piro detI hai aura isake binA sAdhaka , sAdhana tathA sAdhya kA samanvaya asambhava hai| prabandhana kI yaha bhUmikA hI kisI bhI kArya meM prabandhana kI anivArya AvazyakatA ko pradarzita karane ke lie paryApta hai| ataH pratyeka mAnava ko cAhie ki vaha prabandhana-prakriyA ko jAne, svIkAre evaM usakA samyaka prayoga karake upalabdha sAdhanoM kI sahAyatA se sahI lakSya kI samprApti kre| merI dRSTi meM, sAra rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki - vaha sAdhanA, jisake mAdhyama se sAdhaka parivartanazIla pariveza meM, sAdhanoM kA samyak prayoga karatA huA sAdhya kI siddhi karatA hai, prabandhana kahalAtI hai| 28 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #87
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.4.2 prabandhana kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi prabandhana (Management) ko eka navIna viSaya mAnA jAtA hai, kintu prabandhana kA astitva to prAcInakAla meM bhI thA, Aja bhI hai aura Age bhI rhegaa| vastutaH, jaba se mAnavIya sabhyatA kA vikAsa prArambha huA, taba se hI kisI na kisI rUpa meM prabandhana kA prayoga hotA rhaa| antara itanA hai ki prAcInakAla meM jise nIti, maryAdA, kalpa, vyavasthA, zAsana, anuzAsana kahA jAtA thA, vartamAna meM vaha 'prabandhana-vidhA' ke rUpa meM janapracalita aura lokaprasiddha ho rahI hai| prAcIna yuga meM vikAsa ke prathama caraNa meM manuSya ne AjIvikA, surakSA Adi ke lie paraspara sahayoga kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI aura sAmAjika vyavasthA kI nIMva ddaalii| usane vyaktigata aura sAmUhika vikAsa ke lie lakSya nirdhAraNa, nIti-nirmANa, niyama, kAryavidhi, takanIka Adi prabandhana-tattvoM kA ucita prayoga bhI kiyaa| isa tathya kI puSTi anekAneka sAkSyoM se hotI hai, jo hameM lagabhaga pA~ca hajAra varSa purAne avazeSoM aura zilAlekhoM ke mAdhyama se milate haiN| har3appA-mohanajodar3o kI sabhyatA, sindhu-ghATI kI sabhyatA, sumeriyana sabhyatA, ijipTa ke pirAmiDa, cIna kI sivila sarvisa, roma ke kaitholika carca, azokakAlIna cakra-stambhAdi, sikandara kI yuddhakalA, candragupta kA zAsanatantra, rAjA samprati kI dhArmika vyavasthA, nAlandA, takSazilA Adi ke vizvavidyAlaya tathA rAjA kumArapAla kI dharma-prabhAvanA Adi isake pramANa haiN| itanA hI nahIM, aitihAsika kathA aura purANa sAhitya meM bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva, bharata cakravartI, rAma, zrIkRSNa Adi kI prabandhana-zailiyoM kA varNana milatA hai| usa samaya jahA~ prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa yA vicAra pakSa ko 'nIti' kahate the, vahIM prAyogika pakSa yA AcAra pakSa ko 'vyavasthA' yA 'anuzAsana' kahate the| kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcInakAla se hI prabandhana kI upayogitA nirvivAda rUpa se mAnya rahI hai| Adhunika yuga meM 19vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM pAzcAtya dezoM meM isakA vikAsa punaH prArambha huA, jisakA zreya raoNbarTa ovana (1771-1858), cArlsa beveja (1792-1871), henarI varnuna pUara, henarI raoNbinsana TaoNvane (1844-1924), jemsa vaoNTa (1796-1848), bAulTana (1770-1842), kepTana henarI meTakelpha (1847-1917) Adi ko jAtA hai| 118 lagabhaga 20vIM zatAbdI meM audyogika krAnti ke pazcAt prabandhana kA eka vijJAna ke rUpa meM suvyavasthita aura vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana prArambha huA, jisakA mukhya zreya sara epha.Dablyu. Telara ko jAtA hai| ___ isa prakAra, kisI bhI kArya ke saphala sampAdana hetu prabandhana ke tattvoM kA prayoga bhUtakAla meM hotA thA, vartamAna meM ho rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI hotA rhegaa| adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #88
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.4.3 prabandhana kI Adhunika avadhAraNAe~ evaM paribhASAe~ Adhunika yuga meM prabandhana ke sandarbha meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ne kAla-krama se apanI-apanI avadhAraNAe~ evaM paribhASAe~ prastuta kI haiN| yadyapi ye avadhAraNAe~ mUlataH bhautika aura vizeSa rUpa se vyAvasAyika kSetra taka hI sImita rahI haiM aura inameM jIvana ke samagra pahaluoM kA samAveza nahIM ho sakA hai, phira bhI ye kisa hada taka jIvana-prabandhana ke lie upayogI ho sakatI haiM, isakI carcA karane kA prayatna bhI yahA~ kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - (1) harbIsana evaM meyarsa kI audyogika avadhAraNA - prasiddha vidvAn harbIsana aura meyarsa ke anusAra, 'prabandhana' utpAdana kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa sAdhana (Factor) hai| yaha utpAdana ke mAnavIya aura gaira-mAnavIya ghaTakoM - bhUmi (Land), zramika (Labourer), udyamI (Entrepreneur), pUMjI (Capital) aura mazIna va mAla (Machines & Materials) meM samanvaya sthApita karatA hai, jisase ina ghaTakoM kI kAryakuzalatA aura lAbhadAyakatA meM vRddhi hotI hai|'' yadi isa avadhAraNA ko audyogika kSetra taka sImita nahIM rakhA jAe, to yaha jIvana-prabandhana ke lie bhI kisI apekSA se upayogI bana sakatI hai| jIvana-prabandhana kA Azaya bhI jIvana meM prApta hone vAle mAnava aura gairamAnava saMsAdhanoM kA ucita samanvaya karanA hI hai, jisase jIvana-lakSya kI siddhi ho ske| (2) phreDarika DablyU. Telara kI vaijJAnika avadhAraNA - inheM vaijJAnika-vidhi para AdhArita prabandhana kA janaka bhI kahA jAtA hai| inake anusAra, "prabandhana yaha jAnane kI kalA hai ki kyA karanA hai aura use karane kA sarvottama evaM sulabha tarIkA kyA hai|"120 isa avadhAraNA kA Azaya yaha hai ki kisI bhI kArya ko karane meM aspaSTatA, anizcitatA evaM anabhijJatA nahIM rahanI caahie| dUsare zabdoM meM, 'Rule of the Thumb' siddhAnta para AdhArita kAryazailI nahIM honI cAhie, balki kArya ko sarvamAnya, sunizcita evaM suspaSTa siddhAntoM evaM prayogoM para AdhArita banAnA caahie| prabandhana ke antargata vaijJAnika-vidhi se anusaMdhAna karane evaM niyamoM kA sampAdana karane ke lie avalokana evaM nirIkSaNa (Observation), mApa (Measurement), prayoga (Experimentation), vizleSaNa (Analysis), yukti (Rationality) evaM tarka (Reasoning) - ina chaH sAdhanoM kA upayoga karanA caahie| jainadarzana meM bhI uparyukta vaijJAnika zailI para AdhArita prabandhana-praNAlI dikhAI detI hai| isameM sAdhaka ko samyak lakSya evaM samyak mArga ke nirdhAraNa kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| niyamasAra ke prArambha meM hI kahA gayA hai ki jinazAsana meM kevala mArga aura mArga ke phala (lakSya) kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai|121 anyatra bhI, jainadarzana meM dravya-vijJAna, karma-vijJAna, guNasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, jIvasamAsa Adi siddhAntoM ke dvArA vaijJAnika zailI meM jIvana-prabandhana ke lie upayogI mArgadarzana die gae haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 30 30 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #89
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) henarI pheyaoNla kI kriyAtmaka avadhAraNA - prasiddha prabandhaka henarI pheyaoNla ke anusAra, 'prabandhana kA Azaya pUrvAnumAna lagAne, yojanA banAne, saMgaThana kI vyavasthA karane, nirdeza dene, samanvaya karane tathA niyantraNa karane se hai| 122 isa prakAra, pheyaoNla ke dvArA prabandhana ko eka prakriyA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH, jainaAcAramImAMsA para AdhArita jIvana-prabandhana ke lie bhI jIvana kI AcAra vyavasthA kA suvyavasthita niyojana (Planning), jIvana meM paraspara sahayoga kI pUrti ke lie saMgaThana (Organising) evaM nirdezana (Directing) aura kArya ke samyak niSpAdana ke lie jIvana ke vividha tattvoM ke bIca ucita samanvayana (Coordinating) evaM niyantraNa (Controlling) kI kadama-kadama para AvazyakatA hotI hai| (4) thiyo hemana kI avadhAraNA - inake anusAra, prabandhana zabda kA prayoga tIna arthoM meM kiyA jAtA hai123 - * saMjJA - prabandhana kA tAtparya prabandhakIya kAryakartAoM (Managerial Personnel) se hai, jo sabhI kAryarata vyaktiyoM kI kriyAoM para niyantraNa rakhate haiN| prakriyA - prabandhana vAstava meM eka prakriyA hai, jisake AdhArabhUta aMga haiM - niyojana, saMgaThana, abhipreraNa tathA niyantraNa evaM jisameM sAmUhika prayAsoM ke sarvazreSTha upayoga ke lie mAnava (Man), mAla (Material), mazIna, vidhi (Method) evaM mudrA (Money) kA prayoga hotA hai, jisase pUrva nirdhArita lakSya kI prApti ho ske| anuzAsana yA vidhA (Discipline) - prabandhana jJAna kI eka svatantra zAkhA hai, jo kalA, vijJAna, vANijya, abhiyAMtrikI, cikitsA Adi ke samAna hI eka anuzAsana yA vidhA hai| prastuta zodha-grantha meM prayukta 'jIvana-prabandhana' zabda kA prayoga bhI aneka arthoM meM sambhava hai| prasaMgAnusAra yaha eka vyakti (Life Manager) yA eka prakriyA (Process) yA eka vidhA (Discipline) kA dyotaka hai| (5) heraoNlDa kUNTja kI avadhAraNA - inake anusAra, "prabandhana anya logoM ke dvArA aura unake sAtha milakara kAma karane kI kalA hai (Getting the things done through and with people) / " isa avadhAraNA kA Azaya yaha hai ki prabandhana eka adhinAyakavAdI (tAnAzAhI) nahIM, varan prajAtAMtrika takanIka hai| isameM TIma bhAvanA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai tathA sirpha niyantraNa para nahIM, varan abhipreraNa kI AvazyakatA ko bhI svIkArA gayA hai| 124 yaha jainasaMgha aura jainasAdhanA-vyavasthA kI vizeSatA hai ki sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA paraspara uttaradAyI bhI hote haiM aura adhikArI bhii| itanA hI nahIM, sabhI paraspara milakara Atma-utthAna ke mArga meM Age bar3hate haiN| 31 adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 31 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #90
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) jemsa luNDI kI avadhAraNA - inake anusAra, "prabandhana mukhya rUpa se viziSTa uddezyoM kI prApti ke lie prayatnoM kA niyojana (Planning), kriyAnvayana (Implementation) aura niyantraNa (Controlling) karane kA kArya hai|"125 yaha dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai ki jainaAcAramImAMsA para AdhArita jIvana-prabandhana meM bhI ye tInoM kArya nihita haiN| prabandhana kI Adhunika avadhAraNA kI spaSTatA ke lie prabandhana kI anya pramukha paribhASAoM ko jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai, jo isa prakAra haiM - 1) sTenale veMsa ke mata meM, "prabandhana kA Azaya nirNaya lene tathA mAnavIya kriyAoM para niyantraNa kI prakriyA se hai, jisase pUrva nirdhArita lakSyoM ko AsAnI se prApta kiyA jA ske|"126 2) nyUmaina evaM samara kI dRSTi meM, __ "prabandhana eka sAmAjika prakriyA hai| yaha eka prakriyA isIlie hai, kyoMki yaha eka kArya-zRMkhalA (A Series of actions) hai, jo uddezya kI prApti karAtI hai| yaha sirpha eka prakriyA hI nahIM, varan eka sAmAjika prakriyA bhI hai, kyoMki prabandhana ke dvArA niSpAdita kie jAne vAle kArya mukhyatayA mAnavIya sambandhoM para AdhArita hote haiN|"127 3) TerI ke anusAra, "niyojana karane, saMgaThana karane, protsAhana dene aura niyantraNa karane kI vaha prakriyA, jisameM mAnava aura anya saMsAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se sAmUhika lakSya kA nirdhAraNa tathA sAmUhika lakSya kI prApti ho sake, prabandhana kahalAtI hai|"128 4) Ara.sI. Devisa kI dRSTi meM, "prabandhana eka kAryakArI netRtva pradAna karane kI prakriyA hai|"129 5) i. epha. ela. breca kA Azaya hai, "prabandhana kA sambandha kisI udyama meM hone vAle kArya kI pUrNatA se hai, jisake lie prabandhana kA prayAsa prakriyAoM ke niyojana evaM mArgadarzana para kendrita hotA hai|"130 6) pITara epha. Drakara kA kahanA hai, ____ "prabandhana eka bahu-uddezIya aMga hai, jo udyama ko prabandhita karatA hai, prabandhakoM ko prabandhita karatA hai aura kAryakartA evaM kArya ko prabandhita karatA hai|"131 7) kaNTja aura o'Donela ke anusAra, "kisI bhI udyama meM, prabandhana aMtaraMga pariveza kI vaha racanA aura sthirIkaraNa hai, jisameM 32 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 32 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #91
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAmUhika uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie samUha meM kAryarata sabhI sadasya dakSatApUrvaka aura prabhAvazAlI tarIke se kArya kara skeN|"132 8) henarI ela. siska ne samanvayatA kI mukhyatA ke AdhAra para kahA hai, "nirdhArita lakSyoM kI prApti ke lie niyojana karane, saMgaThana banAne, nidezana karane aura niyantraNa karane kI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se sabhI saMsAdhanoM kA samanvaya karanA hI prabandhana hai|"133 9) jaoNna epha. mI. ke anusAra, "prabandhana se Azaya nyUnatama prayAsa dvArA adhikatama pariNAma prApta karane kI kalA se hai, jisase svAmI aura sevaka donoM ke lie adhikatama samRddhi evaM khuzahAlI aura loka ke lie sarvazreSTha sevA sambhava ho ske|"134 prabandhana kI uparyukta avadhAraNAoM aura paribhASAoM se jahA~ eka ora prabandhana ke vividha artha prApta hote haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora yaha niSkarSa bhI nikalatA hai ki ina vicAradhArAoM meM ekamatatA evaM tA kA abhAva hai aura isI kAraNa, Aja taka bhI Adhunika vicArakoM ke dvArA prabandhana kI sArvabhaumika paribhASA kA vikAsa nahIM ho skaa| 135 1.4.4 prabandhana kI avadhAraNAoM evaM paribhASAoM meM vividhatAoM ke mUla kAraNa aba, yaha vicAraNIya hai ki Akhira Adhunika vidvAnoM aura vicArakoM meM dRSTi-bheda kyoM rhaa| Age, isake kucha sambhAvita kAraNoM kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| samaya-bheda - vibhinna vidvAnoM kA kAla bhinna-bhinna rahA, ataH tatkAlIna pracalita ___ kArya-praNAliyoM aura kArya-takanIkoM kA prabhAva bhI unakI vicAradhArAoM para pdd'aa| kSetra-bheda - avikasita, vikasita aura vikAsazIla - ina bhinna-bhinna parivezoM meM kArya karane se bhI vicAradhArAoM meM bheda pdd'aa| saMgaThana-bheda - saMgaThanoM ke kaI bheda hote haiM, jaise - laghu yA bRhad, vyAvasAyika yA avyAvasAyika, zrama-AdhArita yA mazIna-AdhArita ityaadi| ina sabakI saMracanA evaM vyavasthA meM antara hone se bhI vicAradhArAoM meM bheda rhaa| prabandhaka-stara-bheda - eka hI saMgaThana meM prabandhakoM ke kaI stara hote haiM, jaise - zIrSa (Top or Apex), mAdhyamika (Middle) yA prAthamika (Primary) str| inameM bheda hone se bhI prabandhana sambandhI vicAradhArAoM meM bheda aayaa| zaikSika-bheda - alaga-alaga vidvAnoM kI zaikSika-pRSThabhUmi meM bhI antara hone se vicAradhArAoM meM bheda rhaa| jaise - Telara ne laukika zikSA prApta karane ke pazcAt prAyogika anubhava prApta kiyA, jabaki pheyaoNla ne sIdhe hI prAyogika anubhava liyaa| anubhava-bheda - kArya, kSetra, samaya Adi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai - anubhava kI bhinnatA aura isa adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 12 33 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #92
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kAraNa bhI kisI ne mAnava saMsAdhana ko mahattva diyA, to kisI ne netRtva Adi ko| uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vicAraka deza, kAla evaM paristhitivizeSa meM jisa dRSTikoNa se prabandhana ko dekhatA hai, vaha usI AdhAra para prabandhana kI avadhAraNA banA letA hai aura aisI sthiti meM mata-vaividhya sAmane Ate haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa, yadi kucha dRSTivihIna purUSa hAthI ke vividha aMgo ko chue~, to ve hAthI ke bAre meM vividha mata banA lete haiN| koI kahatA hai ki hAthI stambha ke samAna golAkAra hai, to koI kahatA hai ki sUpar3e ke samAna patalA hai ityaadi| ye sabhI pakSa apekSA-bheda se satya hote hue bhI ekAMgI evaM apUrNa haiN|136 isa samasyA kA samAdhAna jainadarzana kA advitIya, anupama aura asAdhAraNa siddhAnta 'anekAntavAda' hai| anekAntavAda ke anusAra, pratyeka vyakti, vastu, paristhiti yA kArya ke aneka pakSa yA AyAma hote haiM aura isIlie prabandhana kArya ke bhI aneka AyAma haiN| cU~ki jainadarzana kisI bhI kArya ke sarva pakSoM para arthAt samagratA para jora detA hai, isIlie hamane prastuta zodha-kArya hetu jainaAcAramImAMsA ko AdhAra banAyA hai| 1.4.5 prabandhakIya vicAradhArAoM kI kamiyoM se ubharane ke mApadaNDa ___ Adhunika vicArakoM dvArA prabandhakIya vicAradhArA ke vikAsa ke lie jo athaka prayAsa kie gae haiM, ve tabhI saphala ho sakate haiM, jaba unameM dRSTi kI saMkIrNatA nahIM, balki vyApakatA ho| ataH mere vicAra meM yahA~ yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama prAcIna darzanoM aura vizeSatayA jainadarzana kA Azraya lekara 'prabandhana' kI vicAradhArA ko AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vikasita aura sthira kreN| isa hetu hameM jainadarzana ke anaikAntika dRSTikoNa ko AdhAra banAnA hogA aura vartamAna meM pracalita prabandhakIya avadhAraNAoM kI kamiyoM se ubharane ke lie nimnalikhita binduoM kA samAveza karanA hogA - (1) prabandhana kI sArvabhaumikatA - 'prabandhana' kA kSetra ativistRta aura bahuAyAmI (Multidimensional) hai| ataH hameM apanI prabandhakIya vicAradhArA ko sirpha audyogika yA vyAvasAyika kSetra taka hI sImita nahIM rakhate hue sArvabhaumika (sarvavyApI) banAnA hogA aura isa hetu hameM prabandhana ke antargata AdhyAtmika tathA vyAvahArika donoM pakSoM kA santulita samAveza karanA hogaa| (2) prabandhana kI sArvakAlikatA - prabandhakIya vicAradhArAoM meM bArambAra parivartana Ane kA mukhya kAraNa badalatA huA pariveza mAnA jAtA hai, lekina jainadarzana kA yaha dRSTikoNa hai ki prabandhana ke kucha siddhAnta parivartanazIla (kAlika) hote haiM aura kucha aparivartanazIla (zAzvat) bhii| ataH prabandhakIya vicAradhArA meM deza, kAla evaM paristhitijanya parivartanoM ke lie lacIlApana bhI honA cAhie, to usameM zAzvat mUlyoM ke sthAyitva kI suvyavasthA bhI honI caahie| isameM na atitaralatA honI cAhie aura na hI atikaThoratA, balki paristhitiyoM kA sAmanA karane ke lie sArvakAlika prAsaMgikatA kI viziSTatA honI caahie| 34 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 34 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #93
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) prabandhana kI sArvajanInatA - prabandhakIya vicAradhArA kI vyApakatA hetu hameM isa mAnyatA meM bhI parivartana karanA hogA ki prabandhaka kisI saMsthA kA koI adhikArI athavA vizeSa zikSA prApta koI vyakti hI ho sakatA hai| vastutaH, hameM yaha dRSTikoNa vikasita karanA hogA ki eka Ama AdamI bhI prabandhaka ho sakatA hai, kyoMki use bhI apane kArya ke saphala niSpAdana hetu prabandhana ke siddhAntoM kA pAlana karanA hotA hai| bhale hI koI vidyArthI ho yA vyavasAyI, gRhiNI ho yA gRhasvAmI, sevaka ho yA niyoktA, karmacArI ho yA udyogapati, bAlaka ho yA vRddha , pratyeka vyakti ko apane dAyitvoM kA nirvAha karane ke lie 'prabandhana-kalA' kA prayoga kahIM nA kahIM karanA hI hotA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki prabandhakIya vicAradhArA sArvajanIna honI caahie| (4) prabandhana meM vaiyaktikatA, sAmAjikatA aura AdhyAtmikatA kA samanvaya - prabandhana ko vartamAna meM kevala sAmAjika prakriyA ke rUpa meM mAnA jA rahA hai, kintu yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyeka vyakti ko jIvana meM svArtha, parArtha tathA paramArtha ke bIca sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA hotA hai aura isa hetu use jIvana meM vaiyaktika, sAmAjika evaM AdhyAtmika prakriyAoM ko apanAnA hotA hai, jisake saphala nirvahana ke lie prabandhana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yadi hama prabandhana ko sirpha sAmAjika prakriyA mAneM, to jIvana santulita nahIM ho skegaa| ataH hameM isa vicAradhArA kA vikAsa karanA hogA ki prabandhana vaiyaktika, sAmAjika evaM AdhyAtmika - ina tInoM uddezyoM ke saphala nirvahana kI prakriyA hai| (5) prabandhana meM sAdhya-sAdhana santulana - vartamAna meM pracalita prabandhakIya vicAradhArAe~ sAdhana ko hI sAdhya mAnakara, prabandhana-siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karatI haiM, pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti kA vikAsa sAdhanoM kI prApti taka hI sImita ho gayA hai| jahA~ prAcIna yuga meM dhana ko dharma aura dharma ko mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA jAtA thA, vahIM Adhunika yuga meM dhana ko sAdhya ke rUpa meM dekhA jA rahA hai| ataH hameM prabandhana kI usa prakriyA ko apanAnA hogA, jisameM sAdhana-prApti ke mAdhyama se sAdhya-prApti kA uddezya pUrNa karane kA prayatna ho| isa prakAra, hameM prabandhana ke sandarbha meM eka vyApaka dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA hai, jisameM prabandhakIya avadhAraNA kA eka sArvabhaumika, sArvakAlika aura sArvajanIna svarUpa prastuta ho sake aura vividha vicArakoM ke dRSTikoNoM kA ekIkaraNa bhI kiyA jA ske| Age, isa hetu AdhyAtmika-dRSTikoNoM aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina-dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para carcA kI jA rahI hai| 1.4.6 jainadarzana ke AdhAra para prabandhana kI avadhAraNA evaM paribhASA prabandhana eka kalA hai, jisakA upayoga kevala vyAvasAyika yA audyogika prabandhana taka hI sImita nahIM rahanA cAhie, kyoMki audyogika aura vyAvasAyika kSetroM ke prabandhana sirpha sAdhanarUpa hone se bhautika sukha rUpI lakSya kI prApti meM bhale hI sahAyaka hoM, kintu ye carama AdhyAtmika-zAnti aura AdhyAtmika-vikAsa taka nahIM pahuMcA skte| vastutaH, jIvana ke lakSya kI prApti ke samyak prayAsoM ko hI 'prabandhana' kahanA caahie| jIvana kA lakSya to caitasika vikAroM aura tajjanya tanAvoM se mukta hokara adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 35 35 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ asIma Ananda kI prApti ko hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| ataH prabandhana kevala artha-prApti ke sAdhanoM kA prabandhana nahIM hokara Atmika-zAnti rUpI sAdhya kI prApti kA purUSArtha bhI bananA caahie| AdhyAtmika-dRSTi se mAnava kA sAdhya cetanA kA samatva yA Atmika zAnti hI ho sakatA hai, ataH prabandhana kI AvazyakatA isa sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie honI caahie| jainadarzana meM isa sAdhya ko 'mokSa' kahA jAtA hai aura yaha mokSa, moha aura kSobha se rahita, AtmA kA samatva yA Atmika-zAnti hI hai|137 jainadRSTi se hameM prabandhana ko kevala vyAvasAyika evaM audyogika prabandhana nahIM mAnakara, jIvana ke prabandhana ke rUpa meM lenA hogA, kyoMki jainadarzana ke anusAra, jIvana eka samagratA hai aura isameM jo purUSArtha catuSTaya mAne gae haiM, unameM se 'artha' eka nimna zreNI kA purUSArtha hai| 'kAma' cAhe 'artha' kI apekSA se sAdhya ho, kintu vaha bhI sthAyI AdhyAtmika zAnti pradAna karane meM samartha nahIM hai, kyoMki 'kAma' kA janma icchAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura apekSAoM se hotA hai tathA ye saba AdhyAtmika zAnti ko bhaMga hI karatI haiN| kAmanAoM kI pUrti meM bhale hI kSaNika sukha kA AbhAsa ho, kintu vaha kSaNika sukha bhI icchAoM va AkAMkSAoM kI jvAlA ko aura adhika prajjvalita hI karatA hai tathA vyakti ko vAstavika zAnti pradAna nahIM karatA hai, isIlie kisI ne kahA bhI hai18 - socA karatA hU~ bhogoM se, bujha jAegI icchA jvaalaa| pariNAma nikalatA hai lekina, mAnoM pAvaka meM ghI ddaalaa|| kAmanAoM kI pUrti meM hama manovaijJAnika-zAnti (Psychological Peace) kA bhrama bhale hI pAla leM, lekina isase bhI vAstavika zAnti kI prApti nahIM hotI, kyoMki icchApUrti ke ina prayAsoM meM naI-naI icchAe~ janma letI rahatI haiM aura inakI pUrti kI cAha meM nae-nae tanAva bhI utpanna hote rahate haiM, isIlie jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM prabandhana mAtra audyogika yA vyAvasAyika prabandhana nahIM, apitu jIvana ke samagra pakSoM kA sthAyI prabandhana hai| abhI taka prabandhana-zAstroM meM prabandhana kI jo paribhASAe~ upalabdha haiM aura jinakI carcA hamane pUrva meM kI hai, ve kevala AMzika yA ekapakSIya paribhASAe~ hI haiN| unakA kSetra arthopArjana kI mA~ga aura pUrti taka hI sImita hai| ataH hameM prabandhana kI eka aisI paribhASA khojanI hogI, jo jIvana ke samagra pakSoM kA samanvaya karate hue kSaNika zAnti kI apekSA cirasthAyI Atmika-zAnti pradAna kara ske| yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki bAhya zAnti, AdhyAtmika-zAnti ke binA ekAMgI aura AdhArahIna hotI hai| AdhyAtmika zAnti hI samagra aura cirakAlika ho sakatI hai, isIlie jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM, prabandhana vaha kalA yA vijJAna hai, jo jIvanazailI kA samagra rUpAntaraNa karake cirakAlika AdhyAtmika zAnti ko pradAna karatA hai| ataH prabandhana ke kSetra meM jIvana ko azAnta aura tanAvagrasta banAne vAle tattvoM kA nirAkaraNa aura isake viparIta, jIvana ko tanAva evaM azAnti se mukti tathA cirazAnti pradAna karane vAle tattvoM kA svIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| 36 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana kI prabandhakIya avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para hamAre samakSa prabandhana ke antargata mukhyataH pA~ca pakSa Ate haiM - 1) prabandhana karane vAlA 3) prabandhana ke sAdhaka-tattva 5) prabandhana ke lakSya kI prApti 2) prabandhana kA lakSya 4) prabandhana ke bAdhaka-tattva sAdhya yA lakSya kI prApti lakSya-prApti ke prayatna Adya pariveza se prApta adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #96
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uparyukta samasta carcA ke AdhAra para merI dRSTi meM, prabandhana kI sArvabhaumika, sArvakAlika aura sArvajanIna paribhASA isa prakAra ho sakatI hai - prabandhana vaha vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika prakriyA hai, jo badalate hue pariveza meM, jIvana ke samyak lakSya kA nirdhAraNa kara, lakSya kI siddhi ke lie niyojana, saMgaThana, saMsAdhana, nirdezana, samanvayana aura niyantraNa kA samucita prayoga kara, sAdhaka - tattvoM kA samyak upayoga evaM bAdhaka - tattvoM kA samyak nirAkaraNa kara lakSya kI prApti karAtA hai aura antataH jIvana kA samagra vikAsa karake carama Atmika - zAnti yA samAdhAna pradAna karatA hai / 1.4.7 prabandhana kI vizeSatAe~ (Characteristics of Management ) prabandhana kI uparyukta avadhAraNAoM evaM paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prabandhana kI anekAneka vizeSatAe~ haiM / prastuta prasaMga meM Adhunika evaM jainadRSTiyoM kA samanvaya karate hue inakA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - (1) prabandhana : karttavyoM kA samUha (Management is a Group of Functions) prabandhana vastutaH karttavyoM kA eka samUha hai, jisake antargata aneka kArya karane hote haiN| Adhunika prabandhana-zAstra meM mukhyatA se audyogika evaM vyAvasAyika dRSTi se prabandhana ke jina karttavyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, ve haiM - niyojana, saMgaThana, saMsAdhana, nirdezana, samanvayana evaM niyantraNa | 135 jainaAcAramImAMsA kI dRSTi ativyApaka hai| isameM jIvana ke samagra prabandhana hetu prabandhana - karttavyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isameM karttavyoM ke mUlataH do vibhAga kie gae haiM - jaivika evaM AdhyAtmika / jaivika karttavyoM kA nirvAha karane ke lie yaha kahA gayA hai ki vyakti 'artha' evaM 'bhoga' sambandhI purUSArtha kare, lekina apanI bhUmikAnusAra maryAdApUrvaka kre| isI prakAra, AdhyAtmika karttavyoM kA nirvAha karane ke lie yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vaha 'dharma' aura 'mokSa' purUSArtha kA sevana kre| ina karttavyoM ke prati sajaga hone ke lie jainAcAryoM ne alaga-alaga prakAra se preraNA dI hai, jaise- mArgAnusArI ke paiMtIsa karttavya, zrAvaka ke ikkIsa guNa, zrAvaka ke SaTkarttavya, zramaNa evaM zrAvaka ke SaDAvazyaka, zrAvaka ke bArahavrata, zramaNa ke paMcamahAvrata ityAdi / isake atirikta divasa, rAtri parva, cAturmAsa evaM varSa sambandhI karttavyoM kA bhI suspaSTa nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| cU~ki prabandhana kI kuzalatA usakI samanvayazIlatA meM nihita hai, ataH ina karttavyoM kI pArasparika sApekSatA ko jainadarzana ne apane syAdvAda ke siddhAnta dvArA samyak rUpa se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yaha atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki ina karttavyoM meM Adhunika prabandhana - zAstroM meM nirdiSTa uparyukta niyojana Adi karttavyoM kA samAveza svataH ho jAtA hai| jaina- dArzanikoM kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki hameM apane vibhinna karttavyoM ko isa taraha se saMyojita karanA cAhie, jisase ve eka samagratA ko abhivyakta kara sakeM / 38 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva -- For Personal & Private Use Only 38
Page #97
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) prabandhana : eka satata prakriyA (Management is a Continuous Process) prabandhana eka prakriyA hai, jo kaI kAryAMzoM kI eka zreNibaddha zrRMkhalA hai / prabandhana ke karttavya anavarata rUpa se taba taka kie jAte haiM, jaba taka ki uddezya kI prApti na ho jAe / yadyapi isameM niyojana karanA prathama karttavya hotA hai, lekina niyantraNa antima nahIM, kyoMki niyantraNa se prApta punaHprekSaNa (Feedback) niyojana meM Avazyaka saMzodhana karAtA hai| sAtha hI aisA bhI nahIM hai ki niyojanAdi karttavya kramazaH hI kie jaaeN| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki prabandhana eka satata prakriyA ,140 141 jainadarzana ke anusAra, astitva kA pratyeka rUpa apane Apa meM eka satata prakriyA hI hai, kyoMki vaha astitva ko 'pariNAmI - nitya' mAnatA hai / ' isa dRSTi se jIvana bhI eka satata prakriyA hai aura isa prakriyA kA samyak dizA gamana hI prabandhana hai / ( 3 ) prabandhana : eka uddezyaparaka prakriyA (Management is a Goal-Oriented Process) prabandhana kA ekamAtra AdhAra hotA hai 'lakSya' aura kevala lakSya ke lie prayAsa ho, yahI prabandhana kI mukhya nIti hai / | 142 jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki jIvana kI prakriyA ko lakSyAtmaka banAnA cAhie, kyoMki lakSyahIna prakriyA eka aisI prakriyA hai, jisake jArI rahane para bhI abhISTa pariNAmoM kI prApti nahIM ho paatii| AcAryoM ne ise ghAnI ke baila ke samAna batAyA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki jIvana kI prakriyA ghAnI ke baila kI taraha kevala gatizIla hI na ho, balki vaha eka samyak dizA meM gatizIla ho / (4) prabandhana : eka vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika prakriyA (An Individual and a Social Process) prabandhana kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa saMsAdhana mAnava hai, jisake binA bhautika saMsAdhanoM kA koI mUlya nahIM hotA / ataH mAnavIya - sambandha prabandhana kI kAryakuzalatA (Efficiency) aura prabhAvazIlatA (Effectiveness) ko atyadhika prabhAvita karate haiN| kahA jA sakatA hai ki prabandhana kI prakriyA mukhyatayA mAnava - kendrita hotI hai| Adhunika prabandhana - zAstra meM mAnava kI isa ahama bhUmikA ke kAraNa hI prabandhana ko eka sAmAjika prakriyA mAnA gayA hai| 143 - 39 jahA~ taka jainadarzana kA savAla hai, isake anusAra, vyakti apane Apa meM vyakti aura samAja donoM hotA hai aura isIlie prabandhana sambandhI usake samagra prayAsa vaiyaktika ke sAtha-sAtha samAja - kendrita hone caahie| jainadarzana meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti Atmahita bhI kareM aura lokahita bhI, kintu lokahita aura Atmahita meM virodha ho, to Atmahita hI kare, kyoMki usakA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki vyakti ke vikAsa meM hI samAja kA vikAsa hai, samAja to eka amUrta kalpanA hai, jo vyakti ke mAdhyama se hI mUrta rUpa letI / isIlie jainadRSTi meM prabandhana ko eka vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika prakriyA mAnA gayA hai / - adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only 39
Page #98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (5) prabandhana : badalate hue pariveza meM (Management in a Dynamic Environment) - jIvana aura jagat satata parivartanazIla haiN| ataH prabandhana ko hamezA badalate hue pariveza meM apane nirdhArita lakSya kI prApti kA prayatna karanA hotA hai, jisake lie hamezA sajaga rahane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| Adhunika prabandhana-zAstra kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki prabandhana kI AvazyakatA badalate hae pariveza meM hI hotI hai aura vyakti ko isa pariveza meM lakSya kA nirdhAraNa kara prabandhana sambandhI prayatna karanA hotA hai| jaina-dArzanikoM kA bhI yaha kahanA hai ki AcAra kA mArga utsarga (sAmAnya) aura apavAda donoM se milakara banatA hai|144 jaba sAmAnya niyama parivartanazIla paristhitiyoM meM kriyAnvita kie jAte haiM, to una para paristhitiyoM kA dabAva par3atA hai aura parivartana ke sAtha anukUlana (Adaptation) hI jainadRSTi se prabandhana kA samyak lakSya ho sakatA hai|145 (6) prabandhana kI AvazyakatA (Requirement of Management) - pratyeka kArya ke pratyeka stara para prabandhana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMghIya athavA vaiyaktika kAryoM ke lie uttaradAyI pratyeka vyakti apane Apa meM prabandhaka hI hotA hai|146 jahA~ taka prabandhana kI AvazyakatA kA prazna hai, jaina dArzanika isase bhI asahamata nahIM haiN| yadi jIvana eka prakriyA hai aura usa prakriyA ko hameM lakSyonmukhI banAnA hai, to kahIM na kahIM prabandhana kI AvazyakatA to rahegI hii| jIvana meM lakSya kA nirdhAraNa kara usa dizA meM samyak prayatna karanA hI prabandhana hai aura aise prabandhana kI AvazyakatA sadaiva banI rhegii| isa prakAra, hama pAte haiM ki Adhunika evaM jaina donoM hI dRSTiyoM meM prabandhana aura usakI viziSTatAoM ko pUrNatayA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI yaha kahanA hogA ki jainadarzana meM prabandhakIya dRSTikoNa ativyApaka hokara AtmalakSI bhI hai| 1.4.8 prabandhana ke kArya (Functions of Management) prabandhana vaha prakriyA hai, jisameM aneka kArya sampAdita kie jAte haiN| ina kAryoM ke sandarbha meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki Adhunika yuga meM sarvaprathama zrI henarI pheyaoNla (Henry Feyol) ne inakA pratipAdana kiyA aura usake bAda lUthara gulika , kUNTja, o'Donela, nAilsa aura Devisa Adi paravartI vidvAnoM ne bhI apanI-apanI dRSTi se inakA ullekha kiyA hai|147 phira bhI, isa bAta se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki prAcIna darzanoM aura vizeSarUpa se jainadarzana meM bhI prabandhana ke kAryoM kA vistRta vivecana milatA hai| isameM jIvana nirvAha ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana-nirmANa ko bhI lakSya meM rakhakara prabandhana ke kAryoM ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, jo jIvana-prabandhana kI dRSTi se bhI upayogI haiN| Age, jIvana-prabandhana ke uddezya se Adhunika tathA jainadRSTi ko samanvita karake prabandhana ke 40 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kAryoM kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM 148 1) niyojana (Planning) 2 ) saMgaThana (Organizing ) 3) saMsAdhana (Resourcing) 4) nirdezana (Directing ) 5 ) samanvayana ( Coordinating ) 6 ) niyantraNa (Controlling) (1 ) niyojana (Planning) kisI bhI kArya ke kuzalatApUrvaka kriyAnvayana meM niyojana kI ahama bhUmikA rahatI hai| yaha prabandhana kA vaha prAthamika aura pramukhatama kArya hai, jisa para prabandhana ke saMgaThana Adi anya kArya Azrita rahate haiN| vastutaH, bhaviSya meM prApta karane yogya uddezyoM ko varttamAna meM nirdhArita karanA hI niyojana hai| yaha kisI bhI lakSya ke sandarbha meM kyA karanA hai, kaise karanA hai aura kaba karanA hai, kA nirNaya karatA hai| 149 jainadarzana meM samyagdarzana (Right Belief) evaM samyagjJAna (Right Knowledge) kI prApti ko bahuta mahattvapUrNa kArya mAnA gayA hai, jo isa bAta ko parilakSita karatA hai ki jainadarzana bhI niyojana eka viziSTa karttavya hai| itanA hI nahIM, ise eka prAthamika karttavya ke rUpa meM bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA (prathama niyojana ho, phira kriyAnvayana ho) / upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne isIlie kisI bhI kArya ke kriyAnvayana ke mUla meM niyojana (jJAna) ko svIkAra karate hue kahA 150 151 sakala kriyAnuM mULa te zraddhA, tehanuM mULa te teha jJAna nita-nita vaMdIje, te viNa kaho kema (ka) niyojana ke kArya niyojana ke antargata nimnalikhita kAryoM kA samAveza hotA hai 1) lakSya - nirdhAraNa (Determination of Goal) yaha niyojana kA prathama caraNa hai, jisameM prApta karane yogya mukhya evaM sahAyaka lakSyoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| vastutaH, isase hI sampUrNa prabandhana - prakriyA kA pravAha sahI dizA meM ho pAtA hai| 152 kahie re / rahie re / / - - 153 jainadarzana meM lakSya-nirdhAraNa ko hamezA hI prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| niyamasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki jinazAsana meM sirpha 'lakSya' aura 'mArga' ina do bAtoM kA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai / vastutaH, yahA~ dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa rUpa purUSArtha catuSTaya kI carcA lakSya - nirdhAraNa kI apekSA se hI kI gaI hai| jainagranthoM meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki lakSyavihIna (samyaktvavihIna ) jIvana saMkhyArahita zUnya ke samAna hai / 154 upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne samyak lakSya kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki jIvana meM pA~ca prakAra kI kriyAe~ sambhava haiM, jinameM se prathama tIna kriyAe~ - viSa, garala evaM ananuSThAna haiM, jo akaraNIya haiM, kyoMki ye samyak lakSya se rahita hotI haiM, jabaki antima do kriyAe~ tahetu evaM amRta haiM, jo karaNIya haiM, kyoMki ye samyak lakSyapUrvaka hotI haiN|' (vizeSa vivaraNa : dekheM adhyAya 12 ) adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha - 155 41 41 -- For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #100
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2) nIti-nirmANa (Formulation of Policies) - ye ve maulika siddhAnta haiM, jinake AdhAra para kAryoM kA kriyAnvayana karake nirdhArita lakSya kI prApti kI jAtI hai| yadi 'uddezya' prabandhana kA lakSya hai, to 'nItiyA~' lakSya-prApti kA saadhn| heraoNlDa kUNTja kI dRSTi meM, nItiyA~ ve sAmAnya vivaraNa haiM, jo nirNaya lene meM prabandhakoM ko cintana yogya mArgadarzana pradAna karatI haiN|156 jainadarzana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika donoM nItiyoM kA samyak samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| inakA uddezya yahI hai ki vyakti bhautika-mUlyoM ke sAtha-sAtha naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA vikAsa bhI kre| vaha isa prakAra se jIvana jie ki vaha kisI ko duHkhI na kare aura koI kucha bhI kare, vaha duHkhI na ho - jio aura jIne do| 3) kAryavidhiyA~ (Procedures) - kAryavidhi arthAt kAma karane kI kramika vidhi| yaha lakSya prApti ke lie kAryoM ke sarvazreSTha krama kA cayana karane para AdhArita hai, jisase nyUnatama niveza meM adhikatama pariNAma prApta kie jA skeN|57 jainadarzana meM kArya ke saphala sampAdana ke lie kAryavidhi ko atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ svAdhyAya kI vidhi kramazaH vAcanA, pRcchanA, parAvarttanA, anuprekSA evaM dharmakathA - ina pA~ca aMgoM se yukta batAI gaI hai, upAsanA kI vidhi gurUvandana, caityavandana, devavandana, sAmAyika, dezAvagAsika, pauSadha, pratikramaNa Adi rUpoM meM batAI gaI hai, AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vidhi kramazaH samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna kI prApti karate hue samyakcAritra kI abhivRddhi karane rUpa batAI gaI hai ityAdi / 4) niyama (Rules) - ve bindu, jo viziSTa paristhitiyoM ke sandarbha meM dRr3ha nirdeza dete haiM aura jinakA pAlana karanA anivArya hotA hai, niyama kahalAte haiN| inhe 'Dos' and 'Don'ts' kI sUcI bhI kahate haiN|158 jainadarzana meM niyamoM' kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| inakA nirdhAraNa heya, jJeya evaM upAdeya ke vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA meM saptavyasana kA tyAga, bAIsa abhakSya kA tyAga, akalpanIya kAryoM kA tyAga, mArgAnusArI guNoM kA pAlana, zrAvaka yogya bAraha vratoM kA pAlana, sAdhaka yogya gyAraha pratimAoM kA vahana , muni yogya paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana Adi jo nirdeza die gae haiM, ve vastutaH 'niyama' hI haiN| vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye niyama utsarga (sAmAnya) evaM apavAda ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiM aura vyakti apanI bhUmikAnusAra itvarakathika (alpAvadhi) yA yAvatkathika (AjIvana) rUpa se inakA pAlana kara sakatA hai| 5) vyUharacanA evaM surakSAnIti (Strategy) - hara vyakti ko badalate hue pariveza meM Antarika aura bAhya ghaTakoM se kaI bAdhaka kAraNa prApta hote haiN| inakA sAmanA kisa prakAra se kiyA jAe, jisase nirdhArita lakSya kI prApti ho sake, yaha yojanA hI vyUharacanA evaM surakSAnIti kahalAtI hai|159 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #101
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM bAdhaka kAraNoM kA atisUkSma vizleSaNa karake inake Antarika aura bAhya do bheda batAe gae haiN| jahA~ taka Antarika bAdhAoM kA prazna hai, jainAcAryoM kA kahanA yahI hai ki vyakti ina para vijaya prApta karane hetu icchArodhana rUpa Abhyantara tapa tathA anazana Adi rUpa bAhya tapa kare / jahA~ taka bAhya bAdhAoM kA prazna hai, jainAcAryoM kA sadupadeza yahI hai ki vyakti inakA sAmanA karate hue naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM se kabhI nahIM ddige| vaha dharma, artha evaM kAma ina tInoM puruSArthoM meM dharma (naitikatA) ko sarvopari mahattva de aura prApta samasyA kA samyak samAdhAna khoje / jIvana - prabandhana ke sandarbha meM niyojana ke (kha) niyojana ke prakAra (Types of Planning) mukhya do prakAra haiM -- yaha niyojana samayAvadhi ko AdhAra 1) samaya-AdhArita niyojana (Time based Planning) banAkara kiyA jAtA hai, jisake do prakAra hote prathama dIrghakAlIna niyojana (Long term Planning) hai, jo lambI avadhi ke lie hotA hai evaM dvitIya alpakAlIna niyojana ( Short term Planning) hai, jo alpa avadhi ke lie hotA hai / 160 jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para inheM parampara evaM anantara lakSya kI prApti ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA niyojana kahA jA sakatA / itanA hI nahIM, jainadarzana meM samaya ke aneka vibhAga evaM unake niyojanoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, jaise dainika (rAtrika/ daivasika), pAkSika, cAturmAsika, vArSika Adi / kahIM-kahIM para yAvatkathika (dIrghAvadhi) evaM itvarakathika (alpAvadhi) niyojana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| ina donoM ke AdhAra para bhI 43 - - -- isameM vibhinna uddezyoM ko AdhAra 2) uddezya AdhArita niyojana (Objective based Planning) banAkara niyojana kiyA jAtA hai| Adhunika vidvAn isa prakAra ke niyojana meM navAcAra, vikAsavAdI evaM kriyAtmaka yojanAoM ( Innovative, Developmental and Functional Planning) kA samAveza karate haiM,161 kintu unakI dRSTi bhautika unnati taka hI sImita hai / jahA~ taka jainadarzana kA savAla hai, isameM jIvana-nirvAha aura jIvana-nirmANa donoM ke ucita mahattva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara niyojana karane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jIvana nirvAha ke lie 'artha' evaM 'bhoga' tathA jIvana-nirmANa ke lie 'dharma' evaM 'mokSa' ko mukhyatA dI gaI hai| isa prakAra, jIvana nirvAha se lekara jIvana - nirmANa taka bahuAyAmI uddezya banAkara, antataH jIvana - nirvANa (mokSa) kI prApti rUpa parama uddezya (Ultimate Aim ) kA niyojana karane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| yaha jainaAcAramImAMsA kA vaiziSTya hai / 162 uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki niyojana lakSya prApti hetu eka anivArya prayAsa hai, jo pUrvAnumAna para AdhArita hai| isameM dUradarzitA, buddhimattA tathA viveka kI AvazyakatA hotI hai aura isIlie AcArya hemacaMdra ne dUradarzitA ko vyaktitva kA eka Avazyaka aMga mAnA hai| niyojana eka locapUrNa prakriyA bhI hai, jisameM deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke anurUpa saMkucana tathA adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 43 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #102
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vistAra kI vyavasthA honA Avazyaka hai aura isIlie AcArya hemacaMdra kA kadAgraharahita hone kA nirdeza aucityapUrNa hai|163 niyojana eka satata prakriyA bhI hai, kyoMki yaha uddezya prApti taka calatI rahatI hai| niyojana ke mahattva ko dekhate hue kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha vyaktivizeSa kA nahIM, vyaktimAtra kA kartavya hai|164 (2) saMgaThana yA vyavasthA (Organizing) saMgaThana vaha sAdhana hai, jo niyojana dvArA nirdhArita uddezyoM, nItiyoM, kAryavidhiyoM, niyamoM aura raNanItiyoM kA kriyAnvayana karatA hai|165 yaha mAnava aura bhautika saMsAdhanoM kA isa prakAra se ekIkaraNa karatA hai ki ve samanvita hokara sRjanAtmaka aura utpAdanAtmaka prakriyAoM (Constructive & Productive Interrelationship) se jur3a jAe~, jisase nirdhArita lakSya kI prApti ho ske| saMgaThana-prakriyA ke antargata mukhyatayA nimnalikhita kAryoM kA samAveza hotA hai166 - kriyAoM kA nirdhAraNa karanA (Determination of activities) kriyAoM kA vargIkaraNa (Classification of activities) kArya kA AbaMTana (Allocation of task) samanvayAtmaka saMbaMdhoM kA jAla mUlyAMkana (Evaluation) adhikAra pradAna karanA (Delegation of authority) | (Network of co-ordinatated interrelationships) saMgaThana-prakriyA (Organizational Process) (ka) kriyAoM kA nirdhAraNa (Determination of Activities) - uddezya kI prApti aura yojanAoM ke kriyAnvayana ke lie Avazyaka kriyAoM kA nirdhAraNa karanA saMgaThanAtmaka prakriyA kA prathama caraNa hai| isa caraNa meM sampUrNa kAryoM ko kriyAoM aura upakriyAoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA (kha) kriyAoM kA vargIkaraNa (Classification of Activities) - isakA Azaya samAna aura sajAtIya kriyAoM ko sAmUhika rUpa se kisI vargavizeSa meM rakhanA hai| isake antargata eka varga kI paraspara sambandhita kriyAoM ko vibhAgoM evaM kSetroM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt ina vibhAgIya evaM kSetrIya kriyAoM ko punaH khaNDoM aura upakhaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai, jisase kArya kA kriyAnvayana AsAna aura spaSTa ho jAtA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #103
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (ga) kArya kA vitaraNa (Allocation of Task) - sambandhita vibhAgoM yA vyaktiyoM kI yogyatA, cAturya aura anubhava ke AdhAra para unheM kArya sauMpanA hI kArya kA vitaraNa yA AvaMTana kahalAtA hai| yaha tIsarA mahattvapUrNa caraNa hai, jisameM kArya kI gati aura kArya ke prati uttaradAyitva kI bhAvanA bar3hatI hai| (gha) adhikAra pradAna karanA (Delegation of Authority) - karttavya ke vitaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha sambandhita vibhAgoM yA vyaktiyoM ko adhikAra pradAna karanA bhI Avazyaka hai, jisase ve nirdiSTa kArya ko karane yA karAne meM samartha ho skeN| (Ga) samanvayAtmaka sambandhoM kI racanA (Formation of Coordinated Interrelationships) - uddezya aura kArya kI ekatA ke lie samanvaya atyanta Avazyaka hai| samanvaya ke lie vyaktivizeSa ko anya vibhAgoM evaM vyaktiyoM se paricita honA Avazyaka hai| use isakA bhAna honA cAhie ki mujhe kisase mArgadarzana lenA hai, kisase sahayoga lenA hai aura kise sahayoga denA hai ityaadi| isase paraspara sahayogAtmaka aura svastha vAtAvaraNa kI racanA hotI hai tathA sAmUhika prayAsoM kI saphalatA sunizcita hotI hai| (ca) mUlyAMkana (Evaluation) - saMgaThana saMracanA kI prabhAvazIlatA va kAryakuzalatA kA mUlyAMkana karanA antima aura atyanta mahattvapUrNa caraNa hai, jisase badalate hue pariveza meM saMgaThana-prakriyA meM vAMchanIya parivartana yA saMzodhana kiyA jA ske| jainadarzana meM prAcInakAla se hI saMgaThana yA vyavasthA kI prakriyA batAI gaI hai| bhagavAn RSabhadevajI ne svayaM sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika vyavasthA kI sthApanA kii| gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue unhoMne zikSA-vyavasthA, parivAra-vyavasthA, samAja-vyavasthA, rAjya-vyavasthA Adi kA pravartana kiyaa| tIrthakara avasthA meM rahate hue unhoMne zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI tathA aisI suvyavasthA pradAna kI ki ye mokSamArga meM agrasara ho skeN| saMgaThana sambandhI jina kAryoM kA varNana Upara kiyA gayA hai, unakA pracalana jaina-paramparA meM prAcIna kAla se hI rahA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa, rAjyAbhiSeka ke pazcAt RSabhadeva ne tatkAlIna saMgaThanAtmaka saMracanA kA mUlyAMkana karate hue usameM vAMchanIya saMzodhana kiyaa| isake antargata unhoMne rAjya kI suvyavasthA aura vikAsa ke lie vividha kAryoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyaa| tatpazcAt sajAtIya kAryoM kA vibhAgIkaraNa karate hue surakSA-vyavasthA hetu ArakSaka-dala, rAjakIya-vyavasthA meM parAmarza hetu maMtrImaNDala, atirikta salAha ke lie parAmarzamaNDala aura sAmAnya kAryoM ke lie karmacArI-varga kI sthApanA kii| usake bAda unhoMne ina vibhAgoM heta yogya vyakti yA vyaktiyoM kA canAva kara kAryoM kA vitaraNa kiyA, inheM kramazaH ugra, bhoga, rAjanya evaM kSatriya nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAne lgaa| itanA hI nahIM, kAryoM ke samyak nirvahana ke lie inheM ucita adhikAra-pradAna kie aura pArasparika samanvayAtmaka sambandhoM kI sthApanA bhI kii|67 45 adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #104
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) saMsAdhana (Resourcing) prabandhana kA tIsarA mahattvapUrNa kArya hai - sNsaadhn| isakA Azaya yogya sAmagriyoM dvArA yogya kArya ko niSpanna karanA hai| jIvana prabandhana ke sandarbha meM saMsAdhana do prakAra ke hote haiM - ka) mAnava (Human) aura kha) gaira-mAnava (Non-Human) / mAnava saMsAdhana ke antargata kArya ke samyaka niSpAdana meM sahAyaka manuSyoM kA samAveza hotA hai, jabaki gaira-mAnava saMsAdhana meM bhUkhaNDa, sampatti, upakaraNa, pUMjI, mAla, hAthI, ghor3e Adi carAcara sAmagriyoM kA samAveza hotA hai| __sAmAnyatayA gaira-mAnava saMsAdhanoM ko hI ekamAtra saMsAdhana mAnA jAtA hai, kintu yaha mAnyatA sahI nahIM hai| vastutaH, mAnava saMsAdhana hI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa saMsAdhana hai, jo apanI kSamatAoM kA prayoga karake gaira-mAnava saMsAdhanoM kA samyak upayoga karatA hai| ataH kisI apekSA se prabandhana vyaktiyoM kA vikAsa hI hai, na ki vastuoM kA nirdezana, kyoMki yadi vyakti kA prabandhana ho jAe, to bhautika sAmagriyoM kA prabandhana svataH ho jaaegaa| Adhunika prabandhana-praNAlI meM saMsAdhana ko mAnava saMsAdhana (Staffing) ke rUpa meM hI mAnA gayA hai tathA gairamAnava saMsAdhana ko kacce mAla evaM buniyAdI DhA~ce (Infrastructure) ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|168 saMsAdhana (Resourcing) ke antargata nimna kAryoM kA samAveza hotA hai - 1) yogya saMsAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA sambandhI yojanA bnaanaa| 2) yogya saMsAdhanoM kI prApti ke lie prayatna krnaa| 3) yogyatama saMsAdhanoM kA cayana krnaa| 4) cayanita saMsAdhanoM ko kAryoM meM prayukta krnaa| 5) mAnava saMsAdhanoM ko Arthika, sAmAjika evaM naitika saMrakSaNa dekara abhiprerita karanA aura bhautika saMsAdhanoM kA samyak rakha-rakhAva krnaa| 6) samaya-samaya para mAnava saMsAdhanoM kI kSamatA kA pariSkaraNa evaM parivardhana tathA bhautika saMsAdhanoM kI marammata evaM navInIkaraNa krnaa| jainadarzana meM saMsAdhanoM kA viziSTa mahattva hai aura isameM bhI mAnava-saMsAdhanoM kI zreSThatA nirvivAda hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA ko vizeSa sammAnanIya sthAna diyA gayA hai| yahA~ taka ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke kAla meM mAnava saMsAdhanoM ke saMrakSaNa evaM vikAsa ke uddezya se hI aneka vyavasthAoM kA sUtrapAta huA, jaise - rAja-vyavasthA, maMtrImaNDala-vyavasthA, parAmarzamaNDala-vyavasthA, grAma-vyavasthA, varNa-vyavasthA, vivAha-vyavasthA, parivAra-vyavasthA, AjIvikA-vyavasthA (asi, masi evaM kRSi sambandhI), kalA-prazikSaNa vyavasthA, ArakSaka-vyavasthA, daNDa-vyavasthA aadi|169 46 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #105
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM gaira-mAnava saMsAdhanoM kA bhI yathocita mahattva hai| laukika jIvana kI apekSA se yahA~ kalA aura zilpa kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, to lokottara jIvana kI apekSA se jinAlaya, upAzraya, sthAnaka, tIrtha, grantha evaM anya upakaraNoM kA bhI mahattva batAyA gayA hai| (4) nirdezana (Directing) 170 prabandhana-prakriyA meM kuzala saMcAlana yA nirdezana bhI nitAnta Avazyaka hai| isake antargata tIna kAryoM kA samAveza hotA hai netRtva (Leadership), abhipreraNa ( Motivation) evaM saMpreSaNa (Communication) / vastutaH, nirdezana netRtva karane kA kArya hai, jisase niyukta kiyA gayA vyakti kuzalatApUrvaka kArya niSpanna kara ske| kuzala- nirdezaka isa prakAra se vyakti ko abhiprerita karatA hai ki vaha pUrNa utsAha aura AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha apanI adhikatama kSamatA kA upayoga kara ske| itanA hI nahIM, sahI nirdezaka apane lakSya, nIti, kAryakrama, niyama Adi ke viSaya meM ucita vyakti ke sAtha ucita saMpreSaNa bhI karatA hai| saMpreSaNa ke mAdhyama se hI kArya kA spaSTIkaraNa, kie gae kArya kA paryavekSaNa (Supervision ) tathA kArya sambandhI parAmarza pradAna karanA sambhava ho pAtA hai| kisI ne saca hI kahA hai, "Manage-men-t" arthAt Manage the men tactfully | 171 jainadarzana meM bhI nirdezana prakriyA ko eka Avazyaka karttavya mAnA gayA hai| jahA~ taka netRtva kA prazna hai, vyavahArasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa nirgranthoM ko AcArya aura upAdhyAya ke netRtva meM hI rahanA cAhie, kyoMki AcArya ke netRtva meM inakI saMyama - samAdhi banI rahatI hai aura upAdhyAya ke netRtva meM inakA AgamAnusAra vyavasthita adhyayana hotA hai| kintu yahA~ kevala dUsaroM ko hI nahIM, apitu svayaM ko bhI nirdezita karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa, jainasaMgha meM AcArya bhagavantoM ko dIpaka kI upamA dI jAtI hai, ,172 kyoMki ye eka ora apanI Atmazuddhi hetu svayaM hI svayaM ko nirdeza dete haiM, to dUsarI ora sAraNA ( hitakArI kAryoM meM lagAnA), vAraNA (viparIta kAryoM se haTAnA ), coyaNA (madhura zabdoM se preraNA denA) evaM paDicoyaNA (bArambAra preraNA denA) ke mAdhyama se apane vizAla ziSya samudAya kA saMcAlana bhI karate haiM / ' 173 (5) samanvayana (Coordinating) samanvaya kA Azaya prabandhana - prakriyA ke vibhinna kAryoM ko eka sUtra meM pironA hai, jisase ve sabhI kArya milakara uddezya kI prApti kara skeN| vAstava meM yaha prabandhana kA sAra tattva hai| prabandhana ke pratyeka kArya meM isakA aMza avazya pAyA jAtA hai| i. epha. ela. breca ke anusAra, "kisI samUha ke sadasyoM ke bIca isa DhaMga se kArya kA vitaraNa karanA ki unameM paraspara santulana evaM sahayoga banA rahe tathA yaha dekhanA ki kArya sadbhAvanA ke sAtha sampanna ho jAe, samanvaya kahalAtA hai |"174 47 adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only 47
Page #106
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samanvaya ke antargata nimnalikhita upakAryoM kA samAveza hotA hai - 1) karttavya aura adhikAra kI spaSTatA (Clarity of Authority & Responsibility) 2) nirdezana kI ekatA (Unity of Direction) 3) Adeza kI ekatA (Unity of Command) 4) prabhAvI saMpreSaNa (Effective Communication) 5) prabhAvI netRtva (Effective Leadership) jainadarzana meM samanvayAtmaka jIvanazailI para bahuta bala diyA gayA hai| isakA AdhArabhUta siddhAnta hai - anekaantvaad| anekAntavAda vastutaH eka-dUsare kI apekSAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jIvana-vyavahAra karane kI kalA sikhAtA hai| isake utkRSTa udAharaNa AcArya hote haiM, jo svayaM AcAra, jJAna, zArIrika-svasthatA, vacana , vAMcanA, mati (buddhi), prayogamati evaM saMgrahaparijJA (dharma-prabhAvanA) - ina ATha yogyatAoM meM nipuNa hote haiN| ina sadguNoM ke bala para ve apane kartavyoM aura adhikAroM kA samyak nirvAha karate hue sampUrNa saMgha ke sadasyoM kI surakSA evaM vikAsa bhI karate haiN| 176 isa prakAra anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta yadi prayoga meM lAyA jAe, to nizcita rUpa se yaha vyakti ke sAmAjika jIvana ko samanvita karane meM saphala ho sakatA hai| (6) niyantraNa (Controlling) nirdhArita lakSyoM kI prApti hetu kie jA rahe prayAsoM kI jA~ca karanA tathA yadi unameM kisI prakAra kI truTi ho, to use dUra karanA niyantraNa kahalAtA hai| isa prakriyA meM nimnalikhita upakAryoM kA samAveza hotA hai178 - 1) pUrva-nirdhArita lakSya ke sApekSa kie gae vAstavika kArya kA mUlyAMkana krnaa| 2) nirdhArita lakSya aura niSpAdita kArya ke antara ko phcaannaa| 3) antara ko samApta karane ke lie sudhArAtmaka upAya krnaa| jainadarzana meM niyantraNa ko jIvana-prabandhana kA anivArya karttavya mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ sva aura para donoM para niyantraNa kI bAta kahI gaI hai| jahA~ sAmAjika jIvana meM bhUmikAnusAra para-niyantraNa ko sthAna diyA gayA hai, vahIM AdhyAtmika jIvana meM sva-niyatraMNa ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka ora AcArya kA yaha karttavya hai ki ve ziSyoM ko saMyama aura tyAga-tapa sambandhI samAcArI kA jJAna karAe~ tathA ziSyoM meM utpanna doSoM kA zamana karAe~, vahIM dUsarI ora ve apane saMyama guNoM evaM AtmasamAdhi kI pUrNarUpeNa surakSA evaM vRddhi kreN| 179 vastutaH, jainadarzana meM para-niyantraNa kI apekSA sva-niyantraNa ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai, jo apane para anuzAsana nahIM rakha pAtA, vaha auroM para anuzAsana kaise kara sakatA hai|' 180 isa Atma-niyantraNa kI apekSA se hI pratikramaNa, AlocanA evaM pratyAkhyAna kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| yaha jIvana-prabandhana ke lie atyanta 48 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 48 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #107
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mahattvapUrNa hai| isa prakAra, prabandhana ke pramukha karttavya haiM - niyojana, saMgaThana, saMsAdhana, nirdezana, samanvayana aura niyntrnn| ina karttavyoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ye paraspara eka-dUsare meM guMthe hue haiN| ataH, inakI vyAkhyA bhale hI krama se hotI ho, phira bhI prAyogika rUpa meM ye kisI bhI krama se prayoga meM lAe jA sakate haiN| yaha tathya nimna citra se spaSTa hai - bAhya pariveza niyojana (Planning) dhana saMgaThana (Organizing) (Staffing) SisRANDIRHAARAA nirdezana (Directing) Coordinating) niyaMtraNa (Controlling) External Environment ARRI prabandhana ke kAryoM kA paraspara sambandha181 1.4.9 prabandhana kI prakRti Nature of Management) prabandhana kI prakRti vastutaH prabandhana ke vividha upayoga kA AdhAra hai| jaise eka kuzala cikitsaka auSadhi kA prayoga tabhI kara pAtA hai, jaba use auSadhi ke svabhAva kI sahI samajha ho, vaise hI prabandhana kA kuzala prayoga tabhI sambhava hai, jaba prabandhana kI prakRti kA samucita parijJAna ho| ataH kuzala prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha prabandhana kI prakRti yA svabhAva se bhalI-bhA~ti paricita ho aura usakA AvazyakatAnusAra prayoga kare, anyathA jaba taka prabandhana kA samyak prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka lakSya kI prApti bhI zaMkAspada rahatI hai| ataH prabandhana kI prakRti ko jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai, yaha jIvana-prabandhana ke lie bhI apekSita hai| adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #108
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Adhunika prabandhanazAstriyoM ne prabandhana kI prakRti ko samajhAne ke lie nimna tathya batAe haiM 1) prabandhana eka kalA hai (Management is an Art)| 2) prabandhana eka vijJAna hai (Management is a Science) / 3) prabandhana eka praNAlI hai (Management is a System) / 4) prabandhana eka sAmAjika uttaradAyitva hai (Management is a Social Responsibility) 182 1.4.10 prabandhana ke sAmAjika uttaradAyitva (Social Responsibilities of Management) jIvana prabandhana ke sandarbha meM dekheM, to prabandhana kA uttaradAyitva saMkucita nahIM, balki vyApaka hai, kyoMki yaha sirpha svArtha-siddhi kA upAya nahIM hai| svayaM kA poSaNa karanA aura dUsaroM kA zoSaNa karanA, yaha prabandhana kA uddezya nahIM hai| prabandhana to sevA, sahayoga aura sahiSNutA va tA kI nIti para AdhArita vyavasthA hai, jisakI upayogitA sArvajanIna hai| vastutaH, jainadarzana kI zikSA bhI yahI hai ki prANiyoM kA jIvana eka-dUsare ke sahayoga se hI calatA hai, ataH vyakti ko sahayoga kA AdAna-pradAna karate hue apanA jIvana jInA cAhie - parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / 183 merI dRSTi meM, jIvana-prabandhana ke antargata jina pramukha sAmAjika uttaradAyitvoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie, ve isa prakAra haiM - (1) Arthika uttaradAyitva - rASTra, sarakAra, svAmI, karmacArI, grAhaka, paryAvaraNa Adi sabhI ke hitoM ke madhya ucita sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA evaM saMsthA ke hitoM ke lie nijasvArtha ko gauNa krnaa| (2) pArivArika uttaradAyitva - parivAra ke pratyeka sadasya ke prati ucita vyavahAra krnaa| bar3oM ke prati Adara, choToM ke prati vAtsalya aura samAna vaya vAloM ke prati prema evaM sneha rkhnaa| jIvana meM svahita kI apekSA pArivArika hitoM ko mukhyatA denaa| (3) anya sAmAjika uttaradAyitva - kuTumba, ar3osI-par3osI, mitra evaM anya paricitoM ke prati maitrIbhAva arthAt adveSa-buddhi rkhnaa| (4) rASTrIya uttaradAyitva - rASTrIya sampatti evaM saMsAdhanoM kA samucita saMprayoga aura saMrakSaNa krnaa| (5) zAsakIya uttaradAyitva - zAsakIya kAnUnoM kA samucita pAlana karanA, karoM kA ucita bhugatAna karanA, taskarI, jamAkhorI, kAlAbAjArI, munAphAkhorI evaM bhraSTAcArI nahIM karanA ityAdi / (6) dhArmika (naitika) uttaradAyitva - dharma ke sahI marma ko samajhanA, usakI zikSAoM ko vicAra aura vyavahAra meM utAranA, dharma kA ucita pracAra-prasAra karanA, dhArmika-sampatti ke saMrakSaNa aura 50 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 50 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #109
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ abhivRddhi meM sahayoga denA ityaadi| isa prakAra, prabandhana kevala vyakti yA saMsthA vizeSa ke prati hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa mAnavatA ke prati uttaradAyI hotA hai| pITara epha. Drakara ke anusAra, prabandhana kA uttaradAyitva upakrama ke prati bhI hotA hai, jo samAja kA eka aMga hai aura samAja ke prati bhI hotA hai, jisakA aMga koI upakramavizeSa hai| 184 jainaAcAramImAMsA para AdhArita jana-jana meM pracalita 'jio aura jIne do' (Live & let live) kI ukti bhI isI bAta ko parilakSita karatI hai| yaha manuSya ke vicAra, vANI aura vyavahAra meM dRSTigocara honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki yaha use samAja meM jIne kI samyak kalA sikhAtI hai| 1.4.11 prabandhana ke siddhAnta (Principles of Management) ___ sAmAjika jIvana kI Ama samasyA hai - vaicArika, vAcika aura vyAvahArika saMgharSoM kA honaa| ye saMgharSa jaba krodha, kalaha aura kleza kA rUpa le lete haiM, to pArasparika vyavahAra meM udAratA kA abhAva hokara kArya ke prati utsAha meM kamI A jAtI hai, jisase sAmAjika pariveza asAmAnya (Abnormal) ho jAtA hai| duSpariNAma yaha nikalatA hai ki sabhI apane-apane vaiyaktika svArtha ko sAdhane meM laga jAte haiN| pada, pratiSThA aura paisA mukhya bana jAte haiM, jabaki kArya kA samyak niyojana evaM kriyAnvayana gauNa ho jAtA hai| phalataH sAmUhika prayAsa kA sArthaka phala prApta nahIM ho paataa| isa visaMgati se bacane ke lie vyakti ke samakSa sAmAjika jIvana ke prabandhana-siddhAntoM kA honA atyAvazyaka hai| Adhunika yuga meM prabandhana-siddhAntoM ke pitA sara henarI pheyaoNla (Henry Feyol) ne prazAsana ke 14 siddhAnta pratipAdita kie haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM - 1) karttavya aura adhikAra kA sambandha 8) pArizramika aura pAritoSika 2) Adeza kI ekatA 9) kendrIkaraNa 3) nirdeza kI ekatA 10) vyavasthA 4) Adeza kI zreNibaddha zrRMkhalA 11) samatA 5) kArya kA vibhAjana 12) vyakti ke kAryakAla kA sthAyitva 6) anuzAsana 13) pahala 7) sarvahita ke lie vaiyaktika svArtha kI gauNatA 14) sahakAritA aura TIma bhAvanA jainadharmadarzana meM bhI prAcInakAla se hI prabandhana ke uparyukta siddhAnta kisI na kisI rUpa meM pracalita rahe haiN| vastutaH, ye siddhAnta navIna nahIM, apitu laukika evaM naitika jIvana-mUlyoM para AdhArita prAcIna siddhAnta haiN| yadi tulanAtmaka rUpa se dekhA jAe, to yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jainadarzana aura pheyaoNla ke siddhAntoM meM kahIM na kahIM ekarUpatA hai| yadyapi deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para inameM thor3I bhinnatA bhI dikhAI detI hai, phira bhI vaha atyalpa hai| itanA avazya hai ki sara henarI pheyaoNla ne inakI upayogitA sirpha udyogoM evaM vyavasAyoM taka hI sImita mAnI hai, jabaki jainadarzana meM inheM 51 adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #110
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pratyeka sAmAjika pahalU ke prabandhana hetu upayogI mAnA gayA hai aura isIlie jainadharmadarzana kI sAmAjika jIvana-praNAlI meM ye siddhAnta spaSTatayA samajhAe gae haiN| vistArabhaya se prastuta zodha-prabandha meM ina siddhAntoM kA ativistRta vivecana nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai, phira bhI, yaha mAnanA Avazyaka hai ki jIvana ke Arthika, pArivArika, kauTumbika, rAjanItika, prazAsanika, rASTrIya, dhArmika Adi samasta sAmAjika pakSa, jinameM vyakti ko vyakti ke sAtha jInA hotA hai, unameM kahIM na kahIM ina siddhAntoM kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai, tAki sAmAjika jIvana meM vyApta saMgharSoM kA abhAva hokara tanAva-mukta evaM samarasatApUrNa jIvanazailI kA samyak vikAsa ho ske| Age, Adhunika evaM jainadRSTi ko AdhAra banAkara inakA sakSipta varNana kiyA jA rahA hai - (1) kartavya aura adhikAra kA sambandha (Responsibilities & Authority are Related) - karttavya aura adhikAra hamezA sahagAmI hote haiN| kisI bhI vyakti ko kArya sauMpate hue kArya ke kuzala niSpAdana hetu Avazyaka adhikAra bhI sauMpe jAne cAhie aura sAtha hI jisa vyakti ko adhikAra milate haiM, use apane kartavyoM kA bodha bhI honA caahie|185 jainadharmasaMgha meM bhI AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNi, gaNadhara evaM gaNAvacchedaka - ye sAta padoM kI vyavasthA hai, jina para AsIna karane ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhaka ko ucita karttavya bhI sauMpe jAte haiN| yaha vyavasthA vastutaH adhikAra ke sAtha kartavyoM ke samanvaya kI dyotaka hai|185 (2) Adeza kI ekatA (Unity of Command) - kisI vyakti ko milane vAle samasta Adeza eka adhikArI se hI preSita hone cAhie, jisase vaha vyakti eka hI adhikArI ke prati pUrNa uttaradAyI bana ske| Adeza kI ekatA na hone para anuzAsana bhaMga hone kI AzaMkA banI rahatI hai tathA doharA zAsana hone se vAtAvaraNa bhI duvidhAmaya ho jAtA hai| jainasaMgha meM bhI sAmAnyatayA Adeza kI ekatA kA siddhAnta hI apanAyA jAtA rahA hai, phira bhI kabhI-kabhI apavAdasvarUpa anya ucca padavIdhAriyoM se sIdhe preSita AdezoM kA pAlana bhI sambandhita vyakti ko karanA hotA hai| itanA avazya hai ki AcArya kA Adeza hI antima mAnA jAtA hai| 188 (3) nirdeza kI ekatA (Unity of Direction) - kisI uddezya se sambandhita kriyAkalApoM ko sampanna karane ke lie koI varga yA samUha uttaradAyI hotA hai aura usa vargavizeSa ke kAryoM ke kuzalatApUrvaka saMcAlana hetu eka hI nirdezaka honA caahie|189 isI prakAra, jainadharma para AdhArita saMghIya vyavasthA meM sAmAnyatayA nirdeza kI ekatA kA siddhAnta hI mAnya hai, phira bhI paristhitivizeSa meM anya ucca padasthoM ke dvArA sIdhe die jAne vAle nirdezoM kA pAlana bhI sambandhita varga yA samUha ko karanA hotA hai| itanA sunizcita hai ki AcArya kA nirdeza hI sarvocca hotA hai|190 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 52 52 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #111
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Adeza aura nirdeza meM antara pheyaoNla ke anusAra, Adeza vyakti ke lie hotA hai, jabaki nirdeza vargavizeSa yA samUhavizeSa ke lie hotA hai| Adeza meM loca kA abhAva hotA hai, jabaki nirdeza locapUrNa hotA hai| Adeza meM kisI prakAra kA parivartana sambhava nahIM hotA, jabaki nirdeza meM deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para eka sImA taka saMzodhana yA samAyojana kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisI apekSA se vyakti ke vyaktitva meM ekarUpatA hotI hai, ataH usake lie Adeza Avazyaka hotA hai, tAki usameM vaha apanI svecchA ko na jor3a ske| isake viparIta, samUha meM ruci - vaicitrya aura kSamatA- vaicitrya hotA hai, ataH usake lie nirdeza Avazyaka hotA hai, tAki vyaktiyoM kI bhinna-bhinna kSamatA aura paristhiti kA Akalana kara unheM alaga-alaga nirdeza die jA skeN| pheyaoNla ke anusAra, (4) Adeza kI zreNibaddha zrRMkhalA (Scalar Chain of Command) saMsthA ke samasta sadasya Upara se nIce kI ora eka sIdhI rekhA ke rUpa meM saMgaThita hone cAhie tathA sabhI sadasyoM ko cAhie ki ve apanI pada- maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM kreN| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki sadasyoM kI kramika zrRMkhalA meM se kisI bhI stara athavA sadasya kA anAdara na ho jAe, jisase saMsthA kI ekatA bhaMga hokara paraspara anabana ho / 191 viziSTa paristhitiyoM meM kArya ke zIghra niSpAdana hetu pheyaoNla ne isa siddhAnta meM lacIlepana ko bhI mAnya kiyA hai| unhoMne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki ApavAdika paristhiti meM eka vibhAga kA kAryakarttA dUsare vibhAga ke kAryakarttA se sIdhe samparka kara sakatA hai / ' yaha bAta jainadharma kI saMghIya vyavasthA meM bhI parilakSita hotI hai| jaina saMgha meM AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNAvacchedaka Adi padoM kI vyavasthA dvArA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ye padavIdhArI apane Upara ke saMgha ke padAdhikAriyoM ke AdezoM ke kriyAnvayana meM saMlagna rheN| isa vyavasthA ke antargata Adeza ko parivartita karane kA adhikAra to nahIM hotA, kintu deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara nirdeza meM yathocita parivartana karake use kriyAnvita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa sambandha meM utsarga aura apavAda aisI do vidhAe~ jainanItizAstroM meM prastuta kI gaI / inake anusAra, sAmAnya paristhiti meM 'utsarga' (sAmAnya vidhi) kA pAlana karanA hotA hai, kintu vizeSaM paristhiti meM 'apavAda' kA sevana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai|' 192 (5) kArya kA vibhAjana ( Division of Work) pheyaoNla ke anusAra, pratyeka kArya ko kAryAMzoM meM vibhAjita karake una kAryAMzoM ko yogya aura prazikSita vyaktiyoM se sampanna karAnA cAhie / ise sahI vyakti ko sahI kArya sauMpanA (Right Person at the Right Job) bhI kahate haiN| isameM vyakti kI dakSatA (Specialization) kA lAbha prApta hokara nyUnatama samaya meM adhikatama parimANa aura guNavattA kA kArya sampanna ho jAtA hai|' 193 53 jahA~ taka jainasaMgha kA sambandha hai, isameM kAryoM ke vibhAjana kI yaha vyavasthA prAcInakAla se hI adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha 53 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #112
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rahI hai| isameM saMgha ke prazAsana kA kArya AcArya kA evaM zikSA-dIkSA kA kArya upAdhyAya kA hotA hai| isI prakAra saMgha meM jo vibhinna pada nirdhArita kie gae haiM, unake apane-apane dAyitva bhI sunizcita kie gae haiN| cheda-sUtroM meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kauna-sA vyakti kisa pada kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai tathA usake kyA-kyA dAyitva ho sakate haiN|194 (6) anuzAsana (Discipline) - anuzAsana se tAtparya hai - apane se ucca adhikArI kI AjJA kA pAlana karanA, niyamoM ke prati niSThA rakhanA tathA sambandhita adhikAriyoM ke prati AdarabhAva honaa| pheyaoNla ke anusAra, "burA anuzAsana eka burAI hai, jo prAyaH bure netRtva se AtI hai|" dUsare zabdoM meM, eka acchA netA hI acchA anuzAsana kAyama kara sakatA hai| 195 . jahA~ taka anuzAsana kA prazna hai, jainasaMgha kI vyavasthA anuzAsana ke prati prAcInakAla se hI sajaga rahI hai| jainasaMgha meM sadaiva AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi ke prati niSThA rakhane aura unake AdezoM ke samyak paripAlana hetu bala diyA gayA hai|196 AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi kA anuzAsana kaisA ho, isakI carcA vibhinna jainagraMthoM meM vistAra se kI gaI hai| (7) sarvahita ke lie vaiyaktika svArtha kI gauNatA (Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest) - eka kuzala prabandhaka kA kartavya honA cAhie ki vaha sAmUhika hitoM evaM vyaktigata svArtha meM ucita sAmaMjasya evaM samanvaya rkhe| yadi ina donoM meM TakarAva hone lage, to vaha sAmUhika hitoM ko prAthamikatA de|197 use cAhie ki vaha nyAya, dRr3hatA tathA sartakatA ke sAtha kArya kare, isIlie jainadarzana kI sAdhanA-paddhati meM Atmahita ke sAtha saMghahita ko bhI prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| vastutaH, jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki parArtha ke lie svArtha kA virsajana karanA cAhie, kintu naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI avahelanA karake parArtha karanA ucita nahIM hai| 198 (8) pArizramika aura pAritoSika (Remuneration) - saMsthA ke pratyeka vyakti ko santoSaprada pArizramika aura pAritoSika diyA jAnA cAhie, jisase karttavyoM ke prati upekSAbhAva aura sambandhoM meM tanAva utpanna na ho| kAryakartAoM ko protsAhita karane ke lie vittIya ke sAtha-sAtha gairavittIya sahayoga, jaise - cikitsA suvidhA, gRha-suvidhA, kAryAlayIna-suvidhA Adi bhI apekSita haiM aura atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| 199 isa sambandha meM AcArya haribhadra ne spaSTa nirdeza diyA hai ki vyakti kA zoSaNa nahIM karanA cAhie, apitu usake kArya kA samyak pArizramika diyA jAnA caahie| isase vaha atyanta santuSTa hokara pahale se bhI adhika kArya karatA hai| isa prakAra, svAmI-sevaka sambandha meM AtmIyatA, kArya-niSpAdana meM kuzalatA aura utpAdaka kSamatA meM abhivRddhi hotI hai|200 54 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 54 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #113
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (7) kendrIkaraNa (Centralisation) - saMsthA ke prabandhana meM kendrIkaraNa kI nIti apanAI jAe athavA vikendrIkaraNa kI, isakA nirNaya saMsthA ke vyApaka hitoM, kAryakartAoM kI manobhAvanAoM aura kArya kI prakRti Adi samasta tathyoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane ke bAda karanA caahie| sAmAnyatayA laghu saMsthAoM meM kendrIkaraNa aura bar3I saMsthAoM meM vikendrIkaraNa kI nIti apanAI jAtI hai, phira bhI inakA anupAta paristhiti ke anusAra badalatA rahatA hai|201 jainadharmadarzana meM saMgha ke sthAna para AcArya pada ko hI sarvopari mAnA gayA hai aura samasta sattA usameM hI kendrita kara dI gaI hai| phira bhI, isa bAta se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki isameM deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para kendrIkaraNa evaM vikendrIkaraNa donoM kI hI vyavasthA dI gaI hai aura yaha mAnA gayA hai ki AcArya Adi para bhI saMgha ke nirNaya kI bAdhyatA banI rhe| 202 (10) vyavasthA (Arrangement) - vyavasthA ke sambandha meM pheyaoNla ne do upasiddhAnta pratipAdita kie haiM?03 - 1) pratyeka vastu ke lie eka niyata sthAna ho aura usI sthAna para vastu ko rakhA jaae| 2) pratyeka vyakti ke lie eka niyata sthAna ho aura usI sthAna para vyakti kI upasthiti ho| jainagranthoM meM bhI uparyukta donoM siddhAnta varNita haiN| prathama upasiddhAnta ke pariprekSya meM dekheM, to zramaNoM (upalakSaNa se sabhI) ke lie upakaraNa sambandhI aneka kartavya nirdiSTa haiM, jaise - ucita upakaraNoM ko grahaNa karanA, surakSita sthAna para rakhanA, yogya vyakti ko pradAna karanA aadi| Azaya yaha hai ki vyakti upayoga kI vastuoM kA samyak avalokana kara unheM ucita sthAna para sthApita kre| dvitIya upasiddhAnta ke pariprekSya meM bhI jainadarzana meM aneka nirdeza milate haiM, jaise - tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke samavasaraNa meM bAraha prakAra kI parSadAoM (vargoM) kA apane-apane niyata sthAna para baiThanA, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA sUtra-vAMcana, artha-vAMcana, AhAra-grahaNa, pratilekhanA, pratikramaNa, svAdhyAya evaM rAtri-vizrAma hetu maNDalI-racanA karake niyata sthAna para baiThanA,204 sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA jyeSTha kramAnusAra calanA aadi|205 (11) samatA (Equity) - adhInastha kAryakartAoM ke sAtha nyAya aura udAratA kA vyavahAra ho, jisase paraspara sadbhAvanA aura sahayoga kA vAtAvaraNa dIrghakAla taka banA rhe|206 yadi hama dekheM, to jainadharmadarzana samatA ke AdhAra para hI khar3A huA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dharma ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA thA ki Arya-jana samatA ko hI dharma mAnate haiN| 207 vastutaH jainadharmadarzana kA Adi aura anta samatvabhAva para hI AdhArita hai| 55 adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 55 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #114
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (12) vyakti ke kAryakAla kA sthAyitva (Stability of Tenure of Personnel) - jahA~ taka sambhava ho, karmacAriyoM ke kAryakAla kA sthAyitva honA cAhie, jisase ve nizcintatA, niSThA, uttaradAyitva evaM tatparatA ke sAtha kArya kara skeN|208 isa sandarbha meM yadi hama jainadRSTikoNa se vicAra karate haiM, to pAte haiM ki usakI saMghIya vyavasthA meM AcArya Adi ke jo pada die jAte haiM, ve sabhI bhale hI ApavAdika paristhitiyoM meM alpakAlika hote haiM, kintu sAmAnya paristhitiyoM meM jIvanaparyanta ke lie hI hote haiM,209 ataH kAryakAla ke sthAyitva ke sandarbha meM jainadharmadarzana aura pheyaoNla kI mAnyatA meM ekarUpatA dikhAI detI hai| (13) pahala (Initiative) - kuzala prabandhakoM ko cAhie ki ve apane ahaMkAra kA tyAga kara aisA vAtAvaraNa nirmita kareM ki adhInasthoM kI yogyatA evaM sampannatA kA vikAsa ho ske| isase buddhimAn kAryakartAoM ko pahala karane kI svatantratA milatI hai aura kArya-santuSTi (Job Satisfaction) bhI adhika hotI hai, jisase ve binA iMgita yA prerita kie hI kArya karane lagate haiN|10 jainadharmadarzana meM preraNA aura pahala donoM hI alaga-alaga mAne gae haiN| anya vyaktiyoM ke dvArA preraNA to dI jA sakatI hai. kinta pahala to svayaM ko hI karanI hotI hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jainadharmadarzana meM bhI AcArya Adi ke dvArA grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue sadupadeza ke mAdhyama se aisA vAtAvaraNa nirmita hotA hai, jisase logoM meM dharma (naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlya) ke prati zraddhA sudRr3ha hotI hai aura ve kisI ke dabAva meM nahIM, apitu svapreraNA se AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI sAdhanA kI pahala karate haiN|211 (14) sahakAritA aura TIma bhAvanA (Espirit de Corps) - saMgaThana meM sahakAritA aura sAmUhikatA kI bhAvanA ko protsAhita karanA caahie| saMgaThana ke vikAsa ke lie do nItiyoM se bacanA cAhie - ka) phUTa DAlo, zAsana karo tathA kha) saMvAdarahita likhita sampreSaNa prnnaalii| yadi likhita saMpreSaNa kI AvazyakatA bhI ho, to vaha vANI-sampreSaNa ke sAtha ho, jisase kArya kI gati, vicAroM kI spaSTatA aura sambandhoM kI madhuratA meM abhivRddhi ho ske|12 ___jahA~ taka pArasparika sahayoga kA prazna hai, jainadharmadarzana kA kahanA yahI hai ki sahayoga jIvana kI eka anivAryatA hai| jainadarzana meM hamezA maitrI, pramoda, karUNA aura mAdhyasthya bhAvanA kI prekSA karane para bala diyA gayA hai,213 jisase sahabhAgitA kI bhAvanA banI rhe| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI umAsvAti ne 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' kahakara yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki jIvana kA niyama pArasparika sahayoga hai (The law of life is the law of cooperation)|14 isa pArasparika sahayoga kI bhAvanA ke vikAsa hetu jainaAcAramImAMsA meM 'phuTa DAlo aura zAsana karo' kI kuTila nIti ke bajAya 'jio aura jIne do' kI samyak zailI ko protsAhita kiyA jAtA hai| jahA~ taka saMvAdarahita likhita saMpreSaNa-praNAlI kA 56 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #115
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prazna hai, jainadarzana meM sadA se hI maukhika saMpreSaNa-praNAlI kI mukhyatA rahI hai| AvazyakatA par3ane para Adeza kI adhika spaSTatA hetu ApasI vicAra-vimarza bhI kiyA jAtA hai aura isake atirikta pratidina subaha-zAma jyeSTha-vandanA kI paramparA bhI hai, jisase asaMvAda kI sthiti nirmita hI nahIM hotii|215 - isa prakAra, uparyukta caudaha siddhAnta pratyeka vyakti ke lie sAmAjika jIvana meM apanI bhUmikA ko spaSTa karane meM, pArasparika vyavahAra ko samyak dizA pradAna karane meM, pArasparika sauhArdatA kA vAtAvaraNa nirmita karane meM tathA sAmAjika vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha banAne meM sahayogI bana sakate haiM aura yaha jIvana-prabandhana ke lie apekSita bhI hai| 1.4.12 prabandhana kA kSetra (Scope of Management) ___ Adhunika yuga meM prabandhana kA eka vidhA (Discipline) ke rUpa meM prAdurbhAva hue 75 varSoM se bhI adhika kAla ho cukA hai aura isakA kSetra nirantara bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai, phira bhI isakA mukhya lakSya bhautika-vikAsa para hI kendrita hai| prArambha meM audyogika vikAsa ke lie hI prabandhana-cetanA kA udbhava huA aura zanaiH-zanaiH yaha adhikatama utpAdana aura adhikatama lAbha kA eka mahattvapUrNa kAraka bana gyaa| vartamAna meM pratyeka audyogika saMgaThana meM isakI upayogitA ko svIkAra kiyA jA rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM, prabandhana kI bar3hatI lokapriyatA se anya sAmAjika kSetra bhI isakI ora AkRSTa hue binA nahIM raha ske| phalasvarUpa, prabandhana kI vyApakatA aura upayogitA meM dinoMdina abhivRddhi hotI jA rahI hai aura Aja Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika, nyAyika, zaikSaNika Adi aneka saMgaThanoM meM bhI isakI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI jA rahI hai| phira bhI, itanA avazya hai ki Adhunika prabandhana-vidhA meM prabandhana kI viSaya-vastu mukhyatayA bhautika saMsAdhanoM ke prabandhana para hI AdhArita rahI hai aura vyaktitva vikAsa kA sthAna gauNa hI rahA hai| vartamAna meM vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI atyadhika AvazyakatA hai, ataH Aja hameM prabandhana ke kSetra ko vyApaka banAnA hogA, jo vyakti ke vyaktitva ko bhautika evaM manovaijJAnika vikAsa taka sImita na rakhakara, AdhyAtmika vikAsa se bhI jor3a ske| prAcInakAla se hI AdhyAtmika vicArakoM aura sAdhakoM ne bhautika-vikAsa kI apekSA AdhyAtmika-vikAsa ko hI zreyaskara mAnA hai aura isIlie jainaAcArazAstroM meM jIvana ke AdhyAtmika stara ko U~cA uThAne kA hI lakSya rahA haiN| 'jIvana kaise jInA cAhie?' isa jvalanta aura jaTila prazna kA samyak samAdhAna hI ina zAstroM kA kathya, tathya aura niSkarSa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jainaAcArazAstra kI viSaya-vastu jIvana-prabandhana para AdhArita hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki hama prabandhana kI avadhAraNA ko jIvana-nirvAha ke sAtha-sAtha Atma-kalyANa ke lie bhI lAgU kareM, kyoMki saphalatA prApta karane ke lie manuSya cAhe AsamAna ko bhI chU le, phira bhI Atmika-zAnti ke binA usakI yaha ur3Ana adhUrI hI mAnI jaaegii| =====< >===== adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #116
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.5 jIvana-prabandhana kI maulika avadhAraNA evaM svarUpa 1.5.1 jIvana-prabandhana kI AvazyakatA Adhunika yuga ko tIvra vikAsa kA yuga kahA jAtA hai| isameM huI vaijJAnika pragati se eka Ama AdamI kI vicAradhArA meM vyApaka parivartana AyA hai| vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa ne zatAbdiyoM se pracalita aMdhavizvAsoM aura aMdharUr3hiyoM ko dhvasta kara diyA hai| vaijJAnika zikSA pAkara vyakti adhika tArkika ho gayA hai, vizleSaNAtmaka buddhi se usakI soca vyApaka aura jJAna gahana ho gayA hai| vaijJAnika pragati se audyogika vikAsa meM gati AI hai, phalataH vyakti kI sAdhana-sampannatA meM bhI abhivRddhi huI hai| isase usakA Arthika aura sAmAjika stara bhI bahuta unnata huA hai| jIvana jIne ke lie Avazyaka sAdhana na kevala paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha ho rahe haiM, balki krayazIlatA bar3ha jAne se sukha-suvidhA ke sAdhanoM kI pahu~ca Ama AdamI taka ho gaI hai| ataH yaha kalpanA honA svAbhAvika hai ki Aja jIvana kitanA sukhamaya ho gayA hai, jabaki yaha kevala eka bhrAnti hai| ___ jIvana jIne ke cAra sAdhana haiM - samaya, samajha, sAmarthya aura sAmagrI, jinakA hara vyakti adhikAdhika dohana karanA cAhatA hai| Aja ke yuga kA nArA hai - 'alpAtialpa samaya meM kalpanAtIta vikAsa krnaa'| kyA purUSa aura kyA mahilAe~, kyA bAlaka aura kyA vRddha , kyA grAmINa aura kyA zaharI, kyA netA aura kyA abhinetA, kyA aphasara aura kyA vyavasAyI - sabhI vikAsa kI aMdhI daur3a meM bhAga rahe haiM, isIlie isa yuga ko 'jeTa yuga' bhI kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi pratyeka vyakti vikAsa ke sunahare sapane dekha rahA hai aura dina-rAta parizrama kara rahA hai, phira bhI yaha satya hai ki Aja na lakSya kA samyak nirdhAraNa hai aura na hI mArga kI suspsstttaa| yaha antahIna silasilA anavaratarUpa se calatA hI rahatA hai aura vyakti kA jIvana asantulita, avyavasthita aura asamanvita banA rahatA hai| asta, vyasta aura trasta jiMdagI kI sthiti aisI hai, mAnoM 'marane kI phurasata nahIM aura kSaNa kA bharosA nhiiN'| saMsAra kI asAratA kA citraNa karate hue kisI ne saca hI kahA hai17 - dAma binA nirdhana duHkhI, tRSNAvaza dhnvaan| kahIM na sukha saMsAra meM, saba jaga dekhyo chaan|| prazna uThatA hai ki Akhira mAnava kyoM daur3a lagA rahA hai, vaha kisa U~cAI ko chUnA cAhatA hai aura usake jIvana kA parama sAdhya kyA hai (What is the ultimate goal of a human life)? ___ isakA cintana aura samIkSaNa karane para uttara spaSTa hai ki duHkha se mukti aura sukha kI prApti hI pratyeka prANI kA parama-sAdhya hai aura tadhetu hI vaha jIvanabhara prayatnazIla rahatA hai|18 vaha eka aisI U~cAI ko chUnA cAhatA hai, jahA~ pahu~cakara jIvana meM tanAva evaM cintA kA koI sthAna na rahe aura sadA-sadA ke lie sukha, zAnti aura Ananda kI prApti ho jAe, kintu vAstava meM isa avasthA ko 58 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 58 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #117
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prApta kie binA hI pUrA jIvana bIta jAtA hai / kaha sakate haiM ki parizrama karane para bhI pariNAma prApta nahIM ho pAtA aura jIvana nirarthaka hI samApta ho jAtA hai| | yaha samaya hai parizrama aura pariNAma kI samIkSA kA, tAki hama jAna sakeM ki itanI vaijJAnika pragati hone ke bAvajUda bhI hamArA jIvana tanAvagrasta aura ulajhanabharA kyoM hai| kahIM na kahIM koI aisI bhUla ho rahI hai, jisase itanI yathocita sAmagriyA~ prApta karake bhI vyakti kA jIvana zAntimaya nahIM bana pA rahA / vastutaH jaise-jaise vaijJAnika pragati ho rahI hai, vaise-vaise vyakti kI damita icchAe~, apekSAe~ aura AkAMkSAe~ mukhara hotI jA rahI haiN| usakA bhautika padArthoM ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hatA jA rahA hai| vaha kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM ko tRpta karanA cAhatA hai, jabaki ve aura adhika bar3hatI jA rahI haiN| Aja saMskRti arthapradhAna aura bhogapradhAna banatI jA rahI hai| vyakti 'artha' evaM 'bhoga' kA purUSArtha jitanA - jitanA bar3hAtA hai, usake jIvana meM vyastatA aura tanAva bhI utane - utane bar3hate jAte haiN| bhramavaza vaha aura adhika 'artha' evaM 'bhoga' kA purUSArtha karatA hai, phalataH usakA tanAva aura bhI adhika bar3ha jAtA hai evaM Ananda lupta ho jAtA hai / yaha antahIna silasilA jIvanabhara hI gatizIla rahatA hai| isa cakravyUha meM pha~sakara vaha dharma aura mokSa kA purUSArtha bhI chor3a detA hai tathA isa prakAra naitika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke mArga se vaMcita raha jAtA hai| kaI loga bAhara se to asta-vyasta nahIM hote, kyoMki unakI jindagI meM adhika bhAga-daur3a nahIM hotI aura isIlie ve zAntimaya jIvana bitAte hue dikhate haiN| unake jIvana kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki ve jIvana meM prApta hue 'artha' aura 'bhoga' ke sAdhanoM meM hI santoSa kara lete haiM aura prAyaH unheM adhika cintA aura tanAva nahIM rahate, phira bhI aise logoM ke jIvana ko prabandhita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kAraNa yaha hai ki ye loga sAmAnyatayA duniyA ke parivarttanoM se anabhijJa aura svabhAva se AlasI hote haiM, isIlie unakI mahattvAkAMkSAe~ daba jAtI haiM aura unameM bhaviSya kI tRSNAe~ dikhAI nahIM detI / vastutaH, unameM tarkasaMgata vicAra aura tajjanya viveka kI kamI hotI hai, ataH bAhya jIvana asta-vyasta nahIM hote hue bhI unakA tathAkathita zAntimaya jIvana kA sthAyitva saMdehAspada hotA hai| aise loga viSama paristhitiyoM meM abhAvagrasta hone para tanAva aura avasAda ko bhI prApta ho sakate haiN| yaha avasthA bhI jIvana kA sAdhya nahIM hai| jainakathAsAhitya meM seTha zAlibhadra kA udAharaNa milatA hai, jo bhautika dRSTi se atisamRddha aura apAra aizvarya ke dhanI the| unakA jIvana bhoga bhogane aura ArAma karane meM bIta rahA thA, kintu rAjA zreNika se bheMTa hone para unheM apane aprabandhita jIvana kA anubhava huA aura tabhI unhoMne jIvana ko pUrNa prabandhita karane hetu Atma-saMyama kA mArga svIkAra kiyA / 218 Aja aise bhI loga haiM, jo vyavasthita aura zAntimaya tarIke se jIvana jIne ke lie, anaitika aura asAmAjika sAdhanoM kA upayoga karate haiN| ve loga apane dAyitvoM ko nahIM nibhAkara dUsaroM para dAyitva thopate haiM, apane adhikAroM kA atikramaNa kara dUsaroM ke adhikAroM kA zoSaNa karate haiM, adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha 59 For Personal & Private Use Only 59
Page #118
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ gairakAnUnI gatividhiyoM meM lipta rahakara anya-anya avAMchanIya tarIkoM se 'artha' aura 'bhoga' ke purUSArtha ko sAdhate haiM aura phira bhI cintAmukta jIvana jIte hue mahasUsa hote haiN| yaha bhI jIne kA sahI rUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki jIvana to eka pratidhvani hai, jaisA bhejeMge vaisA hI lauTakara aaegaa| jainapurANoM meM zrIpAla ke kAkA ajitasena kA udAharaNa milatA hai, jinhoMne rAjya-sukhoM kI lAlasA meM apane bhatIje (rAjakumAra zrIpAla) ko mArane kA SaDayantra racA evaM usakA rAjya har3apa liyA, kintu isakA duSpariNAma unheM anta samaya meM bhoganA pdd'aa| apanI aprabandhita jIvanazailI kA bodha hone para unhoMne prabandhita jIvana hetu Atma-sAdhanA kA mArga svIkAra kiyaa|20 aise bhI kucha loga haiM, jo eka hada taka apane jIvana ko prabandhita kara lete haiN| unakA sAmAnya jIvana niyamita ho jAtA hai| ve bAhya vikAsa ke lie sajaga hote haiM aura isa prakAra niyojita prayAsa karate haiM ki unheM jIvana meM samaya-samaya para saphalatA milatI jAtI hai| usa saphalatA kI khuzI meM ve utsAhita aura ullasita bhAvoM se jIvana jIte haiN| kevala bAhara kI saphalatA se nizcita jIvana ko bhI samagratayA prabandhita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi unake jIvana meM Atmika-vikAsa se prApta zAnti nahIM hai, to aise loga aksara apanI viphalatAoM meM vikala aura cintita ho jAte haiN| ataH inako prApta hone vAlA sukha vAstavika nahIM, varan parAzrita, asthAyI aura kAlpanika hI hai| inake jIvana meM Atmika-vikAsa aura tajjanya zAnti, sukha aura Ananda ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para ina jIvanazailiyoM ke duSpariNAmoM para eka dRSTi DAlanA Avazyaka hai| ye duSpariNAma vicAravAn vyakti ko socane ke lie bAdhya kara sakate haiM ki vaha jAgrata ho jAe aura svayaM ko niyaMtrita kare tathA sva-para hita ke lie samyaka dizA meM apanA prayatna kare, jise jIvana-prabandhana kahate haiN| pramukha duSpariNAmoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai - vyakti ke dvArA apanI svArthapUrti ke lie saMsAdhanoM (Resources) kA bharapUra dohana karane se paryAvaraNIya santulana dina-para-dina bigar3atA jA rahA hai, jisake kAraNa aneka samasyAe~ utpanna ho rahI haiM, jaise - pradUSaNa meM vRddhi, vanya-sampadA meM hAni, bhUjala-stara meM kamI, ojona-parata meM cheda, vizva-tApa-vRddhi, ativRSTi, anAvRSTi ityaadi| manuSya duniyA kA sabase krUra prANI banatA jA rahA hai, jisase sabhI AkrAnta haiN| govaMza, hiraNa, hAthI, murgI, kabUtara Adi prANiyoM kI karor3oM kI saMkhyA meM pratidina hiMsA ho rahI hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa kaI prakAra kI jar3I-bUTI, jantu, pazu-pakSI Adi kI prajAtiyA~ lupta hotI jA rahI haiN| svayaM manuSya bhI manuSya se bhayabhIta hai, kyoMki AtaMkavAda, ugravAda, naksalavAda Adi ke antarrASTrIya stara ke saMgaThana bana cuke haiN| samAja meM nazA-sevana kI pravRttiyoM aura AparAdhika gatividhiyoM meM dinoMdina vRddhi ho rahI hai| vizvastara para AtmahatyA kI ghaTanAe~ bar3ha rahI haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 60 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #119
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samAja va parivAra ke sadasyoM meM pArasparika vizvAsa kI kamI AI hai aura eka-dUsare kA svArtha Ar3e A rahA hai| bujurgoM ke prati Adara aura bAlakoM ke prati vAtsalya meM bhI kamI A rahI hai| sAmAjika kAryakartAoM meM pada-lipsA kI abhivRddhi ho rahI hai, jisase unameM saMgaThana ke prati niSThA meM kamI, saMgaThanAtmaka soca ke bajAya vidrohAtmaka soca aura nakArAtmaka kAryazailI kI abhivRddhi ho rahI hai| paraspara maitrI, sahayoga aura saMvedanAoM ke sthAna para svArtha, asahayoga, maukAparastI aura zuSkatA kI bhAvanA mAnava-mana para hAvI ho rahI hai| Arthika vikAsa ke kSetra meM svastha pratispardhA ke sthAna para pratidvandritA bar3ha rahI hai| anIti aura bhraSTAcAra sAmAjika saMskRti bana cuke haiN| yena-kena-prakAreNa pada, pratiSThA, paisA aura parigraha kI prApti hI jIvana kA lakSya bana cukA hai| prAyaH sabhI dezoM ke rAjasva kA sabase bar3A hissA surakSA para kharca ho rahA hai, phira bhI vizvayuddha kA bhaya pratipala maMDarA rahA hai|21 Aja vizva ke adhikatara loga mAMsAhArI ho gae haiN| jaise-jaise bhoga-vilAsitA kI sAmagriyA~ bar3ha rahI haiM, vaise-vaise nae-nae rogoM kI saMkhyA bhI bar3hatI jA rahI hai| alpavaya meM hI hRdaya roga, madhumeha, raktacApa, eDsa Adi rogoM kA honA, Aja koI Azcarya kA viSaya nahIM hai| manoraMjana ke saste, anaitika aura azlIla sAdhanoM kI lokapriyatA bar3ha rahI hai, jisase vyakti kA samaya aura samajha donoM naSTa ho rahe haiN| nirlajjatA hI nahIM, balki anaitika yauna sambandha bhI bar3ha rahe haiN| vyakti apanI upalabdhiyoM aura vaibhava kA jyAdA se jyAdA pradarzana karane meM lagA hai| vizva meM avasAda (Depression) se grasta vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA nirantara bar3ha rahI hai, jinameM se adhikAMza zikSita va ucca padastha bhI haiN| yahA~ taka ki duniyA meM sarvAdhika pAgaloM kI saMkhyA amerikA jaise vikasita deza meM hai| vyakti meM aMtaraMga tanAva yA dabAva bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai, jisase uttejanA, cir3aciDAhaTa, tunakamijAjI, roSa Adi mAnasika-vikAra vyakti ke svabhAva hI banate jA rahe haiN| satsaMga, sadvicAra aura saMskAroM kA mahattva tejI se ghaTa rahA hai aura vyakti naitikatA aura sadAcAra se vimukha hotA jA rahA hai, ityAdi / uparyukta duSpariNAmoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI vaizvika , sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika samasyAe~ ugra hotI jA rahI haiN| yaha nizcita hai ki manuSya kA purUSArtha sahI dizA meM nahIM cala pA rahA hai| usakA mArga utthAna kA nahIM, balki patana kA hai, kyoMki usakA bauddhika aura bhautika vikAsa vastutaH AtmavinAza kI dizA meM hI gatizIla hai| adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 61 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #120
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Aja eka naI jIvanazailI ke sRjana kI AvazyakatA hai, jo hamAre jIvana ke vividha tattvoM kA samyak samAyojana kara sake aura jIvana meM AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika pakSoM meM santulana paidA kara ske| itanA hI nahIM, jIvana ke kisI pahalUvizeSa kA ekAkI vikAsa karane ke bajAya jIvana kA samagra vikAsa kara ske| isa abhinava jIvanazailI kA upAya jIvana-prabandhana hai, ataH kaha sakate haiM ki Aja vizva meM pratyeka mAnava ko jIvana-prabandhana kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| Age, isa viSaya para carcA kI jA rahI hai ki Akhira jIvana-prabandhana kA aisA kyA mahattva hai, jisake kAraNa jIvana meM isakA prayoga aparihArya hai| 1.5.2 jIvana-prabandhana kA mahattva jIvana-prabandhana eka mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| yaha vyakti aura vastu rUpa saMsAdhanoM kI yogyatAoM kA sarvottama sadupayoga karatI hai, jisase jIvana-uddezyoM kA kuzalatApUrvaka niSpAdana yA sampAdana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isakA mahattva nimnalikhita binduoM se spaSTa hai - jIvana-prabandhana vaha mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai, jisake dvArA jIvana ke prayojanoM kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka sAdhaka, sAdhana aura sAdhya kA samyak samanvaya yA ekIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha samanvayana hI jIvana kI saphalatA kA sUtra hai| jIvana-prabandhana vaha prakriyA hai, jisake mAdhyama se jIvana meM alpa purUSArtha ke dvArA adhikatama saphalatA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| isameM bAdhaka tattvoM kA niSedha kara sAdhaka tattvoM ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jisase mArga kI bAdhAe~ samApta ho jAtI haiM aura sAdhaka tIvra gati se lakSya kI ora bar3ha jAtA hai| jainadharmadarzana meM isakA prAyogikarUpa hameM AlocanA, pratikramaNa aura pratyAkhyAna ke mAdhyama se milatA hai| atIta sambandhI bAdhaka tattvoM ko dUra karanA pratikramaNa hai, vartamAna meM unase bacanA AlocanA hai aura bhaviSya meM unako nahIM svIkAranA pratyAkhyAna hai|222 yaha jIvanazailI vyakti ko samaya kA sadupayoga, artha kI mitavyayitA, bhoga para niyantraNa ityAdi kI satpreraNA detI hai| isa prakAra jIvana meM alpa prayatna ke dvArA bhI adhikatama saphalatA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| jIvana-prabandhana vaiyaktika-vikAsa ke mAdhyama se vaizvika-vikAsa kI prApti kA sAdhana hai| yadi pratyeka vyakti jIvana-prabandhana ko apanA le, to vizvastarIya samasyAoM kA samAdhAna sahaja hI ho jaae| yahA~ taka kI jo samasyAe~ mahAyuddhoM se bhI hala nahIM ho sakatI, ve jIvana-prabandhana ke mAdhyama se AsAnI se hala ho sakatI haiN| jIvana-prabandhana jIvana ko suvyavasthita karatA hai, jisase svastha vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa hotA hai| svastha vAtAvaraNa meM hI vyakti kI zakti kA upayoga sRjanAtmaka aura racanAtmaka kAryoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa vikAsa (Development) aura navAcAra (Innovation) kI sambhAvanAe~ bhI sAkAra ho sakatI haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #121
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana-prabandhana ke mAdhyama se hI vyakti ke vyaktitva kA santulita, samanvita aura samagra vikAsa sambhava hai| yadyapi Aja vyaktitva vikAsa kA mApadaNDa badala gayA hai aura kevala deha, vANI aura anya bhautika sAmagriyoM ke vikAsa ko hI vikAsa mAnA jA rahA hai| yaha kevala apanI kamajoriyoM ko chipAne aura yogyatAoM ko bar3hA-car3hAkara pradarzita karane kA bhrAmaka tarIkA hai| ina bhrAntipUrNa sthitiyoM se bacakara jIvana-prabandhana ke mAdhyama se vyaktitva kA vAstavika vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa pakSa Atmika-zAnti kI prApti hai| yaha bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM se prApta nahIM ho sakatI aura na hI ise bAjAra se kraya kiyA jA sakatA hai| isakA zikSaNa-prazikSaNa bhale hI diyA jAe, lekina hastAntaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, balAt koI dUsarA ise chIna bhI nahIM sktaa| Azaya yaha hai ki Atmika-zAnti yA Atmika-Ananda sirpha jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA se hI prApta ho sakatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana kI sAdhanA se prApta Atmika-zAnti vaha pUMjI hai, jo jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM vyakti ke lie lAbhaprada hai| yaha vaha rakSA kavaca hai, jo viSama paristhitiyoM meM bhI sAdhaka ko vikala evaM viphala nahIM hone detaa| yaha usa adhikArI ke samAna hai, jo sAdhaka rUpI adhInastha ko pratikSaNa samyak aura sva-para hitakArI nirdeza detA hai, lekina kabhI bhI usakA zoSaNa nahIM krtaa| sAra rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana-prabandhana hamAre lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| 1.5.3 jIvana-prabandhana ke uddezya jIvana-prabandhana vaha prakriyA hai, jisakA uddezya vaiyaktika jIvana kA vAstavika vikAsa karanA hai, kyoMki vaiyaktika-vikAsa hone se parivAra, jAti, samAja, rASTra aura vizva kA vikAsa svataH ho jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki vyakti ke sudhAra meM hI jaga kA sudhAra hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana-prabandhana, para-sudhAra kI kalpanAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura icchAoM kI apekSA sva-sudhAra ke prayatnoM ko mahattva detA hai| vaiyaktika vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI jIvana-prabandhana kA lakSya vyakti ko kAlpanika U~cAiyoM ke zikhara taka pahu~cAnA nahIM hai, apitu yathArtha ke dharAtala para sukhI jIvana jIne kI kalA sikhAnA hai| vaha jIvana kisI kAma kA nahIM, jisameM pada, pratiSThA, paisA ityAdi milane para bhI nizcintatA aura nirAkulatA na ho, isIlie jIvana-prabandhana kA vizuddha lakSya vyakti ko kAlpanika kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM meM ulajhAnA nahIM, apitu suvyavasthita jIvana jIte hue Atma-zAnti kI anubhUti karAnA hai| bhAratIya-darzanoM aura vizeSarUpa se jainadharmadarzana meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki duHkha aura tanAva kA mUla kAraNa 'moha' hai23 aura isIlie jIvana-prabandhana kA parama sAdhya moha se mukta dazA kI prApti karAnA hai, jise 'mokSa' kahA jAtA hai| 24 jainAcAryoM ne moha ko spaSTa karate hue kahA adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 63 63 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #122
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai ki sadasad viveka kA nAza, heya-upAdeya buddhi kA abhAva, ajJAna, viparIta buddhi , mUr3hatA, citta kI vyAkulatA, mithyAtva tathA kaSAya-viSaya Adi kI abhilASA, yaha saba moha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM, to asatya meM satya kI kalpanA yA bhrama hI moha hai| jaba jIva sva-para ke sandarbha meM bhramita yA unmatta hokara jItA hai, taba usakI mAnyatA, usakA jJAna aura usakA AcaraNa mithyA hotA hai aura ise hI moha dazA kahate haiN| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se jaise-jaise jIva moha para vijaya prApta karatA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise usakI Atmika-zAnti meM abhivRddhi hotI jAtI hai aura jaba moha kA pUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba carama Atmika-zAntirUpa mokSa dazA prakaTa ho jAtI hai, jise jIvana-mukti yA nirvANa kI dazA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa dazA meM viziSTa aura anirvacanIya Atmika-Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai, jise jainAcAryoM ne parama, ananta, avyAbAdha, sahaja, svAbhAvika, nirAkula, nirbhaya, nirmamatva, nizcala, nizchala , niSkAma, aparAzrita, anuttara, anupama, aprayAsI, avicala Adi vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kiyA hai|226 jaina jIvana-prabandhana kA parama sAdhya to ekamAtra mokSa (mukta) avasthA hI hai, lekina isa kalikAla meM mokSa kA samyak aura tIvra purUSArtha karane vAle virala haiN| zrImadrAjacandra ko bhI kahanA par3A21 - "vartamAna A kALamAM mokSamArga bhulop"| ataH mokSa yA Atma-kalyANa kI pAtratA aura yogyatA kA vikAsa karanA bhI jaina-jIvana-prabandhana kA eka uddezya hai| jIvana ke vividha karttavyoM kA ucita nirvAha kie binA Atma-kalyANa kI pAtratA athavA Atma-kalyANa ke purUSArtha meM nirantaratA sambhava nahIM hai| ataH ina kartavyoM kA saphala nirvahana bhI jIvana-prabandhana kA eka prAthamika uddezya hai| ye karttavya mUlataH do prakAra ke haiM - 1) jaivika kartavya 2) AdhyAtmika kartavya 1) jaivika karttavya - ye ve karttavya haiM, jinake mAdhyama se vyakti apanI daihika, pArivArika, vyAvasAyika Adi AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ve kArya jo jIvana nirvAha ke lie upayogI haiM, jaivika karttavya kahalAte haiN| inake mAdhyama se vyakti jIvanayApana ke sAdhanoM ko juTAtA hai aura AvazyakatAnusAra ekatrita sAdhanoM kA upayoga karatA hai| 2) AdhyAtmika karttavya - ye ve karttavya haiM, jinake mAdhyama se vyakti AtmazAnti aura AtmapUrNatA kI prApti karatA hai| inheM Atma-kalyANa yA jIvana nirmANa sambandhI kartavya bhI kahate haiN| inakA nirvahana karatA huA vyakti bhautika-sukha (sukhAbhAsa) ke prati anAsakta hokara kramazaH Atma-anusaMdhAna, Atma-jJAna aura AtmaramaNatA kI avasthAoM ko prApta hotA hai| vaha antataH Atmika-Ananda meM lIna hotA jAtA hai aura usakI isa carama avasthA ko hI 'mokSa' kahA jAtA hai, jo jIvana-prabandhana kA bhI parama-sAdhya (Ultimate Goal) hai| isa prakAra AdhyAtmika karttavya ve Atma-lakSI prayAsa haiM, jinameM tanAva aura duHkhoM se pUrNa mukta hone kA samAdhAna chipA 64 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 64 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #123
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ huA / ataH kisI apekSA se jaivika - karttavya kI tulanA meM AdhyAtmika - karttavya adhika mahattvapUrNa haiN| jaivika - karttavya kA nirvAha karanA vyakti kI vivazatA hai, lekina AdhyAtmika karttavyoM kA pAlana karanA vyakti kI parama AvazyakatA hai / jIvana - prabandhaka jaivika - karttavya rUpI sAdhana ko mAdhyama banAkara AdhyAtmika - karttavya rUpI sAdhya kI prApti kA prayatna karatA hai / ataH jIvana - prabandhana kA yaha lakSya hai ki vaha jIvana meM jaivika aura AdhyAtmika karttavyoM meM paraspara samanvaya kare, jisase usakA jIvana adhikAdhika suvyavasthita aura Anandamaya hotA jAe / vyakti ko apane jaivika aura AdhyAtmika karttavyoM kA nirvAha karanA Avazyaka hai, kintu yaha tabhI sambhava hai, jaba usakI jIvanazailI suvyavasthita ho| yaha jIvanazailI kisa prakAra se suvyavasthita kI jAe, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai, kyoMki aksara vyakti apanI avyavasthita aura doSapUrNa jIvanazailI ko hI sahI mAnatA rahatA hai, jise jainadharmadarzana meM mithyAtva ( galata mAnyatA ) kahA gayA hai / ataH merI dRSTi meM, jIvana - prabandhana ke tIna uddezya aura bhI haiM, jinakI prApti kara vyakti apanI jIvanazailI ko suvyavasthita banA sakatA hai aura jaivika tathA AdhyAtmika karttavyoM kA nirvAha karatA huA apane parama - sAdhya rUpa 'mokSa' kI prApti kara sakatA hai| ye uddezya haiM - 1) jIvana kI samagratA 2) jIvana kI santulitatA 3) jIvana kI samanvayatA 1) jIvana kI samagratA jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya jIvana kI samagratA arthAt jIvana kA bahu-AyAmI vikAsa hai (Multidimensional Development ) / vastutaH, jIvana ke anekAneka AyAma haiM, jinheM bhinna-bhinna paristhitiyoM meM kuzalatA (Perfection) pradAna karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ye paristhitiyA~ vyakti ke vyaktitva ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| nakArAtmaka paristhitiyoM ke prApta hone para akSama vyakti palAyita yA parAjita ho jAtA hai, jabaki jIvana - prabandhana ke mAdhyama se bahuAyAmI vyaktitva kA vikAsa karane vAlA vyakti samasyAoM kA samAdhAna khoja letA hai| vaha jainadharmadarzana para AdhArita anaikAntika jIvanazailI ke mAdhyama se jIvana kI vaicArika aura vyAvahArika sabhI samasyAoM kA nivAraNa kara letA hai / 65 2) jIvana kI santulitatA - jIvana ke vividha pakSoM ke madhya ucita santulana honA Avazyaka hai| jIvana - prabandhana 'ativAda' aura 'alpavAda' kA virodhI tathA 'aucityavAda' kA pakSadhara hai| kisa pakSa yA vibhAga hetu kitanA samaya kitanI UrjA, kitanI buddhi, kitane sAdhana, kitane kauzala Adi kA prayoga karanA hogA, isakI ucitatA kA viveka honA hI jIvana kI santulitatA hai / 3) jIvana kI samanvayatA jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM meM ucita samanvaya honA caahie| isase ina AyAmoM ke lie kie jA rahe prayatnoM meM antarvirodha nahIM hotA, balki paraspara sahayoga milatA hai / kahAvata bhI hai eka aura eka milakara gyAraha ho jAte haiM / - - - adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only 65
Page #124
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana-prabandhana ke sahAyaka uddezya yA upasAdhya ___ jIvana-prabandhana kA yaha sahAyaka uddezya hai ki vyakti uparyukta sAdhyoM kI prApti kA prayAsa karatA huA jagat meM vidyamAna jIvoM ko duHkhI na kare aura jar3a padArthoM kA anucita dohana bhI na kre| yaha tathya nimna binduoM se spaSTa hai - 1) para-duHkha-kAtaratA - jIvana-prabandhana kA eka sahAyaka uddezya hai - kisI ko bhI duHkhI nahIM krnaa| jIvana meM pratidina aura pratipala hamAre AsapAsa ke pariveza meM nAnAvidha prANI rahate haiN| ina prANiyoM ko hamArI doSapUrNa jIvanazailI se kisI prakAra kI pIr3A, kaSTa, nirAzA, zoka, tanAva athavA duHkha utpanna nahIM honA caahie| jainadharmadarzana kA lokapracalita siddhAnta hai - 'dhammamahiMsA samaM natthi228 arthAt ahiMsA hI parama dharma hai| vastutaH, ahiMsA kA jitanA sUkSma prarUpaNa jainadharmadarzana meM huA hai, vaisA anyatra milanA durlabha hai| sthUlarUpa se bhI kaheM, to mana, vacana evaM kAyA - ina tInoM yogoM se na hiMsA karanA, na hiMsA karAnA aura na hiMsA kA anumodana karanA, yaha jIvana-prabandhana kA prathama upasAdhya hai| vastutaH , jIvana-prabandhana svArthapUrti kA cAturya nahIM, balki svahita aura parahita kA sundara samAyojana hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to yaha 'jio aura jIne do' kA prAyogika rUpa hai| 2) prakRti kA saMrakSaNa - jIvana-prabandhana kA eka aura upasAdhya hai - prakRti kA saMrakSaNa krnaa| jIvana-prabandhana kI dRSTi se prakRti ke binA prANI kA astitva sambhava hI nahIM hai| prakRti ke upakAra se hI jIvanarUpI vRkSa aMkurita, poSita, pallavita, puSpita aura phalIbhUta hotA hai, phira bhI kRtaghna evaM krUra mAnava prakRti ke sAtha cher3a-chAr3a kara rahA hai| pariNAmataH vyakti svayaM hI svayaM ke lie khatarA banatA jA rahA hai| ataH jIvana-prabandhana kI dRSTi se vyakti kA jIvana itanA saMyamita honA cAhie ki prakRti aura jIvana donoM kA saMrakSaNa ho jaae| jainadharmadarzana kA aparigraha-siddhAnta isa lakSya kI pUrti meM vizeSa sahayogI hai| yaha siddhAnta jIvana meM anAvazyaka saMcaya ko rokane kI preraNA detA hai, jisase na kevala prakRti kA saMrakSaNa hotA hai, apitu jIvana meM nirbhAratA kA Ananda bhI sahaja rUpa se prApta hotA rahatA hai| yaha AnandamayI jIvana dazA jIvana-prabandhana kA dvitIya upasAdhya hai| sAra rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya jIvana aura jagat donoM ke lie hitakArI jIvanazailI kA nirmANa karate hue kramazaH mokSa yA muktAvasthA ko prApta karAnA hai| 1.5.4 jIvana-prabandhana ke sAdhaka evaM bAdhaka tattva pratyeka vyakti ko badalate hue pariveza meM jIvana jInA hotA hai| isa pariveza meM alaga-alaga vyakti, vastu yA paristhitiyA~ hotI haiM, jinake sAtha vyakti kA saMyoga hotA hai athavA jinake sAtha vyakti saMyoga karanA cAhatA hai| jainadarzana meM ina tattvoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - 66 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 66 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #125
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAdhaka yA upAdeya tattva asambandhita yA jJeya tattva bAdhaka yA heya tattva (1) sAdhaka tattva yA upAdeya tattva - ve vyakti, vastu yA paristhitiyA~, jo sAdhaka ke suvyavasthita evaM Atmika-zAntimaya jIvana meM sahAyaka hone se grahaNa yA svIkAra karane yogya hotI haiM, sAdhaka tattva yA upAdeya tattva kahalAtI haiN| inheM hI upAya, hetu, sAdhana yA sAdhaka kAraNa bhI kahate haiN| kuzala jIvana-prabandhaka ina sAdhaka tattvoM ko ucita mahattva dekara jIvana meM inakA samyak prayoga karatA hai| (2) asambandhita yA jJeya tattva - ve vyakti, vastu yA paristhitiyA~, jinase vyakti kA vikAsa aura hrAsa donoM hI nahIM hotA aura jo kevala jAnane yogya hotI haiM, asambandhita yA jJeya tattva kahalAtI haiN| ye jIvana ko kisI bhI rUpa meM prabhAvita nahIM krtii| kuzala jIvana-prabandhaka ina tattvoM kI cAhanA nahIM karake ekamAtra apane jIvana-lakSya kI prApti ke lie sadaiva prayatnazIla rahatA hai| vastutaH, jIvana ke badalate hue pariveza meM jo anekAneka tathya yA sthitiyA~ prApta hotI haiM, unameM se adhikAMza 'jJeya' rUpa hotI haiN| (3) bAdhaka tattva yA heya tattva - ve vyakti, vastu yA paristhitiyA~, jo jIvana-prabandhaka ke lie avyavasthita, azAntimaya evaM tanAvayukta jIvana kA kAraNa hone se tyAga karane yogya hotI haiM, bAdhaka yA heya tattva kahalAtI haiN| kuzala jIvana-prabandhaka inakI vyarthatA ko samajhakara inase dUra hI rahatA hai| kisI bhI prabandhaka ke lie bAdhaka aura sAdhaka tattvoM kI spaSTa samajha honA Avazyaka hai, anyathA vaha apane lakSya kI prApti nahIM kara sktaa| udAharaNasvarUpa, vidyArthI kA TI. vI. dekhanA bAdhaka tattva ho sakatA hai aura pAThyapustaka kA adhyayana karanA sAdhaka tattva ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra kisI AdhyAtmika sAdhaka ke lie parivAra, kuTuMba, samAja, dhana-sampatti ityAdi bAdhaka tattva ho sakate haiM aura sudeva, suguru, sudharma ityAdi sAdhaka tattva ho sakate haiN| vastutaH jIvana-prabandhana eka prakAra kI cikitsA paddhati hI hai| jisa prakAra cikitsA prakriyA meM eka hI samaya meM bhinna-bhinna rogiyoM ke lie athavA bhinna-bhinna samaya meM eka hI rogI ke lie koI auSadhivizeSa amRtatulya bhI ho sakatI hai aura viSatulya bhI, usI prakAra jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA meM eka hI samaya meM alaga-alaga vyaktiyoM ke lie athavA alaga-alaga samaya meM eka hI vyakti ke lie koI sAmagrI sAdhaka bhI ho sakatI hai aura bAdhaka bhii| udAharaNasvarUpa, pratikramaNa (doSa-zuddhi kI prakriyA) ko kisI prasaMga meM amRtakumbha kahA gayA, to kisI prasaMga meM viSakumbha bhii|229 itanA hI nahIM, jisa prakAra cikitsA-prakriyA meM anukrama se rogI kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jIvana-prabandhana meM jIvana kI vikRtiyoM kA kramazaH upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa jIvana 67 adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 6 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #126
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ke aMtaraMga aura bAhya pakSoM meM santulana A jAtA hai tathA jIvana - prabandhaka eka svastha jIvanazailI ko prApta kara letA hai / jainadarzana ke anusAra, ina sAdhaka yA bAdhaka tattvoM kI maujUdagI kevala bahiraMga pariveza meM hI nahIM, apitu aMtaraMga pariveza meM bhI hotI hai, ataH jIvana - prabandhaka ke lie ina donoM pariveza kA samyak parijJAna honA Avazyaka hai| inakA varNana isa prakAra hai (ka) aMtaraMga pariveza (Internal - Environment) vyAvahArika dRSTi se Atmika aura zArIrika yogyatAoM kA yoga hI jIvana kI abhivyakti hai aura isa apekSA se dravya tathA bhAva - prANa kA samUha hI aMtaraMga pariveza hai| ise vyakti kA vyaktitva bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isa aMtaraMga pariveza meM eka ora tattva bhI hote haiN| jIvana-upayogI sAdhaka tattva hote haiM, to dUsarI ora vikAra rUpa bAdhaka udAharaNasvarUpa, zarIra kI svasthatA sAdhaka tattva hai aura asvasthatA bAdhaka tattva / isI prakAra dayA, zAnti, kSamA, sahiSNutA, dhairya Adi sadbhAvoM kA honA sAdhaka tattva hai tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha Adi kaSAyoM kA honA bAdhaka tattva hai / (kha) bahiraMga pariveza (External - Environment) aMtaraMga pariveza ko chor3akara, vaha sampUrNa pariveza jo ati vyApaka hai evaM jisameM sampUrNa jIva aura jar3a jagat kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, bahiraMga pariveza kahalAtA hai, jaise- parijana, samAja, pUMjI, gRha, pratiSThAna, upakaraNa, bhUmi, vana, nadI, parvata Adi / aMtaraMga pariveza ke samAna bAhya pariveza meM bhI sAdhaka aura bAdhaka donoM hI tattvoM kI upasthiti rahatI hai, jaise satsaMga, sadvicAra aura saddharma ke preraka nimitta sAdhaka tattva haiM, jabaki asatsaMga, kuvicAra aura adharma ke preraka nimitta bAdhaka tattva haiN| uparyukta donoM parivezoM meM yaha antara hai ki aMtaraMga - pariveza svayaM jIvana - prabandhaka aura usakI yogyatAe~ haiM, jabaki bahiraMga pariveza jIvana - prabandhaka ko chor3akara sampUrNa paryAvaraNa hai| 68 Atmika AtmA aura usake vikArI evaM avikArI bhAva / saMskAra aMtaraMga zArIrika jIvana prabaMdhana kA pariveza - zarIra aura usakI indriya, mana, vacana, kAyA Adi yogyatAe~ mAnavIya parivAra, mitra, kuTuMba, samAja Adi jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only bahiraMga gairamAnavIya carAcara saMpatti jaise bhUkhaNDa, pU~jI, pratiSThAna Adi 0 prAkRtika saMsthAna jaise-havA, pAnI, parvata, nadI, vana Adi 10 anya jIva jagata 68
Page #127
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sArarUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana - prabandhaka ko usakI prabandhana - yAtrA meM sAdhaka aura bAdhaka donoM hI tattva prApta hote haiN| yadi vaha prabandhana kI prakriyA meM sAdhaka tattvoM kA cayana evaM prayoga karatA hai, to use pariNAmataH saphalatA kI saMprApti hotI hai aura isase viparIta, yadi vaha bAdhaka tattvoM kA cayana evaM prayoga karatA hai, to pariNAmataH duHkha aura viphalatA hI hAtha lagatI hai| ataH sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha bAdhaka tattvoM kA tyAga karatA huA sAdhaka tattvoM ko grahaNa kara apanI saphalatA kA mArga prazasta kare 230 69 duHkha aura viphalatA kuprabaMdhana bAdhaka tatva bahiraMga pariveza aMtaraMga pariveza bAdhaka tattvoM ke prayoga kA pariNAma sukha aura saphalatA adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only jIvana prabaMdhana | bahiraMga pariveza aMtaraMga pariveza sAdhaka tattvoM ke prayoga kA pariNAma sAdhaka tatva 69
Page #128
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.6 jIvana-prabandhana kI mUlabhUta praNAlI jIvana - prabandhana kI sabase bar3I bAdhA hai jIvana kI jaTilatA kA honA / pratyeka vyakti ke jIvana meM anekAneka paristhitiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| sAmAnya mAnava kA jIvana ina paristhitiyoM ke cakravyUha meM pha~sa jAtA hai / prApta paristhitiyoM meM niSedhAtmaka vicAra aura niSedhAtmaka vyavahAra se jIvana asantulita, asamanvita aura aniyaMtrita ho jAtA hai, isase jIvana zArIrika pIr3A aura mAnasika duHkha kA satata pravAha banA rahatA hai / jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya eka aisI praNAlI kA vikAsa karanA hai, jisase jIvana santulita, suvyavasthita aura samanvita ho jaae| isa prakAra kI prabandhana - praNAlI sabhI tIrthaMkara paramAtmAoM ke jIvana meM parilakSita hotI hai| Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva isake utkRSTa udAharaNa haiM, jinhoMne gRhastha, zramaNa evaM arihaMta ina tInoM avasthAoM meM apanI bhUmikAnusAra suprabandhita jIvana jIyA / gRhasthAvasthA meM unhoMne eka ora Atma-sAdhanA kI aura dUsarI ora rAjA yogya karttavyoM kA bhI nirvAha kiyaa| unake nirdezana meM sAmAjika - vikAsa ke aneka upakrama hue| unhoMne jIvana ke vividha vibhAgoM kI sthApanA kI, jaise zikSA, zarIra, parivAra, vyApAra, rAjanIti aadi| phira inake vikAsa hetu pratyeka kA pRthak-pRthak prabandhana bhI kiyA aura paraspara samanvayana bhI / ucita samaya para unhoMne zramaNa-jIvana aMgIkAra kiyA aura utkRSTa Atma-sAdhanA kara arihaMta avasthA kI prApti kI / tatpazcAt unhoMne zramaNa zramaNI zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI aura 231 caraNa-dara-caraNa Age bar3hate hue carama Atma-vikAsa karane kA mArgadarzana diyaa| jIvana -prabandhana kI mUlabhUta praNAlI ke prayoga kA Adarza udAharaNa hai / vastutaH, yaha isa praNAlI ko nimna prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai. , 70 - (1) jIvana kA vibhAgIkaraNa sarvaprathama jIvana meM prApta hone vAlI paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para jIvana ke mahattvapUrNa pahaluoM kI pahacAna karake unheM svatantra vibhAga rUpa meM samajhanA cAhie, jaise zikSA, parivAra, dharma Adi aise pahalU haiM, jinheM mAnava anadekhA nahIM kara sktaa| ataH jisa prakAra kisI kampanI ke samagra prabandhana hetu usameM bhinna-bhinna vibhAgoM kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra jIvana ke samagra prabandhana hetu jIvana ke mahattvapUrNa pahaluoM ko pRthak pRthak vibhAga ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA cAhie / " (2) vibhAgoM kA svatantra prabandhana jIvana kA vibhAgIkaraNa karane ke pazcAt pratyeka vibhAga ( pahalU) kI AvazyakatA aura mahattva ko samajhakara usakI svatantra samIkSA karanI cAhie aura usameM Ane vAlI kamiyoM yA bAdhAoM ko pahacAnakara unase ubharane ke siddhAnta sunizcita karane caahie| ise hama vibhAgIya-prabandhana kI prakriyA bhI kaha sakate haiM / isa prakriyA meM vibhAgoM kI prAthamikatA ke AdhAra para unakA pRthak-pRthak prabandhana karanA cAhie / -- jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 70
Page #129
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) vibhAgoM kA pArasparika samanvaya - sabhI vibhAgoM ke svatantra prabandhana-siddhAnta sunizcita karane ke sAtha-sAtha ina vibhAgoM kA paraspara samanvaya bhI eka Avazyaka kArya hai, kyoMki jIvana kA pratyeka pahalU eka-dUsare se jur3A huA hai| yahA~ para vibhAgoM kI paraspara-AzrayatA (Interdependency) eka mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatA bana jAtA hai| jisa prakAra eka motI bhale hI zobhanIya aura manohara ho, kintu vaha mAlA nahIM bana sakatA, usI prakAra jIvana kA koI pahalU prabandhita ho, kintu anyoM kI upekSA ho to samagra jIvana-prabandhana nahIM ho sktaa| vastutaH, jIvana-prabandhana to sarvAMgINa jIvana-vikAsa meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai| udAharaNa - koI-koI vyakti samaya ke atipAbanda aura kArya ke prati pUrNa anuzAsita hote haiM, kintu thor3A-sA bhI kArya galata ho jAe athavA samaya para na ho pAe, to ve apane tanAva para niyantraNa nahIM rakha paate| pariNAmasvarUpa ve cir3acir3e, IrSyAlu aura kuNThAgrasta ho jAte haiM, isase ve svayaM bhI azAnta rahate haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI azAnta karate haiN| yaha udAharaNa isa bAta ko darzAtA hai ki vyakti kA samaya-prabandhana kA uddezya to pUrA huA, kintu mana-prabandhana kA nhiiN| vastutaH, yahA~ jIvana-prabandhana kI samagratA kI AvazyakatA hai| sArarUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana-prabandhana svatantratA (Independency) aura paraspara-AzrayatA (Interdependency) kA sundara samAyojana hai| (4) jIvana-prabandhana ke vividha caraNa : eka Avazyaka kartavya - jIvana-prabandhana kI dizA meM caraNa-dara-caraNa hI Age bar3hanA cAhie, kyoMki jIvana kA samagra prabandhana yakAyaka karane kI kalpanA karanA kevala eka sukhada svapna ke samAna hai| sAmAnya manuSya ke lie yaha asambhava hai| evaresTa kI uttuMga coTI taka pahu~cane kA nirNaya aura vizvAsa to kSaNa bhara meM ho sakatA hai, lekina isakI kriyAnviti to kramazaH yA zanaiH-zanaiH hI sambhava hai| jIvana-prabandhana dIrghakAlika aura gAr3ha saMskAroM kI vizuddhi aura nirmalatA kA sakArAtmaka , lekina eka kaThina aura dustara abhiyAna hai| ataH isameM dhairya aura viveka kA samAveza atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| eka hI prayAsa meM jIvana kA AmUlacUla parivartana asambhava hai| ataH hameM cAhie ki hama jIvana-prabandhana ke abhiyAna ko vividha caraNoM yA staroM meM vibhAjita kara deM, jisase saralatApUrvaka uddezya kI prApti ho ske| jIvana-prabandhaka (Life Manager) ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha jIvana ke pratyeka vibhAga ke prabandhana kI prakriyA meM sAmAnya se vizeSa, alpa se adhika evaM sarala se jaTila viSayoM kI ora agrasara ho| isake lie use jIvana-prabandhana ko vividha caraNoM meM vibhAjita karanA cAhie, jaise - adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #130
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ caraNa (Phase) 1) prAthamika caraNa kA jIvana-prabandhana 2) mAdhyamika caraNa kA jIvana-prabandhana 3) ucca stara kA jIvana-prabandhana 4) uccatara stara kA jIvana prabandhana 5) carama jIvana-prabandhana jIvana-prabandhaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanI paristhiti aura apanI kSamatA kA samyak mUlyAMkana karake yaha niyojita kare ki - mere jIvana-prabandhana kA caramasAdhya kyA hai| vartamAna meM jIvana-prabandhana ke prArambha hetu kauna-sA caraNa upayukta hai| isa caraNa meM mujhe kitane samaya taka rUkanA hai| bhaviSya meM mujhe kisa-kisa caraNa se hote hue Age bar3hanA hai aura * kitane samaya taka mujhe amuka-amuka caraNoM meM abhyAsa karanA hai| uparyukta binduoM ko AdhAra banAkara jIvana ko samyak dizA meM niyojita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura isase hI jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA sarala tathA sahaja bana sakatI hai| =====4.>===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 72 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #131
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.7 jIvana-prabandhana meM bhAratIya-darzana ke purUSArtha-catuSTaya prAcInakAla se hI bhAratIya saMskRti meM jIvana kA samyak lakSya evaM usakI prApti ke upAya ke rUpa meM purUSArtha catuSTaya kI avadhAraNA prasiddha evaM lokapriya rahI hai| jahA~ yaha hindU-darzana kI AdhArazilA hai, vahIM jaina, bauddha Adi darzanoM meM bhI isake mahattva ko nakArA nahIM gayA hai| 232 merI dRSTi meM, yaha vaha gahana evaM upayogI avadhAraNA hai, jo pratyeka vyakti ke lie samyak jIvana-lakSya kA nirdhAraNa, usakI prApti ke upAyoM aura vividha upAyoM ke madhya ucita sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kA mArgadarzana pradAna karatI hai| isake AdhAra para vyakti digmUr3hatA kI sthiti se ubarakara samyak dizA evaM dazA kI saMprApti AsAnI se kara sakatA hai| isase kiMkartavyavimUr3ha-sI duvidhAmaya sthiti samApta ho jAtI hai aura apane hita-ahita, karttavya-akarttavya, heya-upAdeya evaM sAdhya-sAdhana kA bodha sahaja ho jAtA hai| 1.7.1 purUSArtha kyA hai? purUSArtha se sAmAnyataH do artha abhipreta haiM233 - 1) purUSa kA prayojana aura 2) purUSa ke lie krnniiy| prathama artha purUSa (vyakti) ke sAdhya ko parilakSita karatA hai aura isIlie Ara.sI.pAThaka ne purUSArtha kA Azaya batAyA hai 34 - The object of man's creation & existence | isa dRSTi se, sAdhya , lakSya , prayojana, uddezya Adi purUSArtha ke vAcya haiN| dvitIya artha purUSa ke dvArA sAdhya-prApti ke lie karaNIya prayatna arthAt sAdhana ko parilakSita karatA hai| aSTazatI meM kahA bhI gayA hai - 'paurUSaM punariha ceSTitam' arthAt ceSTA karanA hI purUSArtha hai|235 isa dRSTi se prayatna, parizrama, prayAsa, udyama, udyoga, vIrya, bala, paurUSa, ceSTA Adi purUSArtha ke hI samAnArthI haiN| jaina-paramparA meM yaha dUsarA artha tulanAtmaka rUpa se jyAdA pracalita hai| pratyeka prANI pratisamaya jo bhI ceSTA karatA hai, vaha usakA purUSArtha hai| yaha purUSArtha (vIrya) mUlataH eka Atmika-zakti hai aura isIlie prANI kA svAbhAvika guNa bhI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki koI bhI prANI kabhI bhI purUSArtha se rikta nahIM ho sktaa| manuSya kA jIvana bahuAyAmI hai, jisake anekAneka pakSa haiN| ataH vaha laukika aura lokottara donoM kSetroM meM purUSArtha karane meM samartha hotA hai| ina donoM kSetroM ke AdhAra para sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne 'purUSArtha' ko cAra prakAroM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai - 1) dharma 2) artha 3) kAma 4) mokSa / ina cAroM purUSArthoM kA susamanvaya kie binA eka sAmAnya AdamI ke jIvana kA santulita, samagra aura suvyavasthita vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA aura jIvana niSphala ho jAtA hai| adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #132
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yadyapi prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM inake sandarbha meM vistRta vyAkhyAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiM, tathApi inakI mAnyatA jainadarzana meM prAcInakAla se hI supratiSThita hai| jJAnArNava kI paMktiyA~ ise suspaSTa karane ke lie paryApta haiM237 - dharmazcArthazca kAmazca mokSazceti maharSibhiH / purUSArtho'yamuddiSTazcaturbhedaH purAtanaiH / / ___ arthAt prAcInakAla se maharSiyoM ke dvArA cAra prakAra ke purUSArtha batAe gae haiN| sirpha jaina hI nahIM, apitu sabhI bhAratIya-darzanoM meM isakI avadhAraNA prAcInakAla se hI maujUda hai| yadyapi aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hindU-darzana meM aupaniSada kAla ke pUrva taka dharma, artha evaM kAma - isa 'trivarga vyavasthA' kA hI nirdeza milatA hai aura upaniSadoM meM mokSa yAni 'apavarga' ko jor3a diyA gayA hai, tathApi yaha sarvathA satya nahIM hai|238 aupaniSada kAla se pUrva bhI 'mokSa' kI mAnyatA thI aura isIlie Arambhika granthoM, jaise - mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi meM bhI mokSa kA ullekha milatA hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAmAnya gRhastha jIvana meM AcaraNIya na hone se 'mokSa' kA ullekha kaI sAmAjika granthoM meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai|239 kula milAkara, yaha svIkAranA Avazyaka hogA ki purUSArtha catuSTaya kI avadhAraNA prAcIna bhAratIya darzanoM kI eka sarvasammata mAnyatA rahI hai| isase hI isakI prAmANikatA, mahattA evaM upayogitA kA saMketa milatA hai| 1.7.2 purUSArtha-catuSTaya : sAmAnya paribhASA bhAratIya vicArakoM ne sAmAnya rUpa se purUSArtha-catuSTaya kI nimna paribhASAe~ dI haiM?40 -- (1) dharma - vaha purUSArtha jisase sva-para kA kalyANa hotA ho, vyakti AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora agrasara hotA ho evaM sAmAjika jIvana kA nirvAha sucArU rUpa se hotA ho, dharma-purUSArtha kahalAtA hai| (2) artha - jIvana-nirvAha ke lie bhojana, vastra, AvAsa Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ataH inakI pUrti hetu sAdhana juTAnA hI artha-purUSArtha hai| (3) kAma - jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hetu juTAe gae sAdhanoM kA upabhoga karanA kAma-purUSArtha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, aindrika viSayoM kA bhoga karanA kAma-purUSArtha hai| (4) mokSa - duHkha ke kAraNoM ko jAnakara unase pUrNa mukta hone ke lie kiyA gayA purUSArtha mokSa-purUSArtha hai| isameM daihika vAsanAoM evaM kAmanAoM se Upara uThane aura Atma-svAtantrya kA prayatna karane kI pramukhatA hotI hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #133
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.7.3 varttamAna visaMgati : mukhya kAraNa varttamAna pariveza meM 'purUSArtha - catuSTaya' ke sApekSa do pramukha visaMgatiyA~ vidyamAna haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM 1) adhikatama vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM kevala artha aura kAma ke purUSArtha hI sarvasva haiM tathA dharma aura mokSa ke purUSArthoM kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| 2) kucheka vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM dharma aura mokSa ke purUSArtha kA sthAna to hai, kintu paryApta rUpa se nahIM hai| vahA~ eka ora artha evaM kAma kA atireka hai, to dUsarI ora dharma evaM mokSa atyalpa / isase Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika, paryAvaraNIya, naitika, AdhyAtmika Adi sabhI kSetroM meM manuSya ko avAMchanIya visaMgatiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3a rahA hai| jIvana - prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha cAroM puruSArthoM kI samyak samajha utpanna kare aura deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke anusAra jIvanazailI meM inakA samucita evaM santulita samAveza kre| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM, to ina cAroM kA jIvana meM ucita prabandhana kare / Age, jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para inake prabandhana ke upAyoM kI carcA pRthak-pRthak adhyAyoM meM kI jaaegii| 75 adhyAya 1: jIvana- prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only 75
Page #134
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.8 jIvana-prabandhana ke vividha AyAma prabandhana kA yaha siddhAnta hai ki jaTila kArya ko AsAna karane ke lie use choTe-choTe kAryAMzoM meM vibhAjita kara denA caahie| isI siddhAnta ko jIvana-prabandhana meM bhI lAgU karanA Avazyaka hai| cUMki jIvana-prabandhana eka bRhatprakriyA hai, jisake aneka pakSa yA pahalU haiN| ataH ina pakSoM kA pRthak-pRthak prabandhana karake unakA ekIkaraNa karanA hI jIvana kA samagra prabandhana hai| inheM hI jIvana-prabandhana ke vividha AyAma kahA jA sakatA hai| 1.8.1 jIvana-prabandhana ke mukhya vibhAga prabandhana ke viSaya meM yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki sAdhaka, sAdhana aura sAdhya ko eka sUtra meM pirone vAlI prakriyA 'prabandhana' hai| isa paribhASA se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki prabandhana-prakriyA ke tIna mukhya vibhAga hote haiM - sAdhaka, sAdhana aura sAdhya / jIvana kA samagra prabandhana karane ke lie hama jIvana ke samasta pahaluoM kA samAyojana ina tIna mukhya vibhAgoM ke antargata kara sakate haiN| ataH sAdhaka-prabandhana, sAdhana-prabandhana aura sAdhya-prabandhana kA samanvita yoga hI jIvana-prabandhana hai, jo nimna cArTa se spaSTa hai - jIvana-prabandhana sAdhaka-prabandhana sAdhana-prabandhana sAdhya-prabandhana 6) paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 7) samAja-prabandhana 1) zikSA-prabandhana 2) samaya-prabandhana 3) zarIra-prabandhana 4) abhivyakti (vANI)-prabandhana 5) tanAva evaM manovikAra-prabandhana 8) artha-prabandhana 9) bhogopabhoga-prabandhana 10) dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 11) AdhyAtmikavikAsa-prabandhana (1) sAdhaka-prabandhana - sAdhaka ke vyaktitva se sambandhita pahaluoM kA prabandhana 'sAdhaka-prabandhana' kahalAtA hai| sAdhaka ke vyaktitva kI tIna mUlabhUta yogyatAe~ hotI haiM - samajha, samaya aura sAmarthya / inakI abhivyakti bhI pratyeka sAdhaka meM bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| samajha kA artha 'viveka-buddhi' hai, jo jIvana kI sakArAtmaka gatyAtmakatA (Positive Dynamicity) kA mukhya hetu hai| isa samajha yA vivekazIlatA kA vikAsa zikSA se hotA hai| __ samaya kA artha 'kAla' hai, jo jIvana ke sabase mahattvapUrNa pakSoM meM se eka hai| 76 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 16 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #135
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAmarthya kA Azaya vyakti kI kSamatA' se hai, jisakI abhivyakti tIna sAdhanoM se hotI hai - mana (Mind), vacana (Speech) aura kAyA (Body) / ina yogyatAoM ko prabandhita karake hI vyaktitva kA prabandhana sambhava hotA hai, jise 'sAdhaka-prabandhana' kahA jAtA hai| isake antargata zikSA-prabandhana, samaya-prabandhana, zarIra-prabandhana, abhivyakti (vANI)-prabandhana aura tanAva evaM manovikAra-prabandhana Ate haiN| (2) sAdhana-prabandhana - jIvana ke ve pahalU, jinake mAdhyama se sAdhaka apane sAdhya kI prApti karatA hai, sAdhana kahalAte haiN| sAdhana do prakAra ke hote haiM - Antarika aura baahy| ina donoM sAdhanoM kA samyaka prabandhana sAdhana-prabandhana hai| (ka) Antarika sAdhana-prabandhana (Internal Means Management) - Antarika sAdhana-prabandhana se hamArA tAtparya una sAdhanoM ke prabandhana se hai, jo vyakti meM hI hote haiN| isameM vyakti kI cetanA, vyakti kA zarIra aura zarIra ke mana, vANI, indriya, hAtha-paira Adi sabhI upakaraNa samAhita haiN| jaba hama isa Antarika sAdhana-prabandhana kI bAta karate haiM, to hameM ina tInoM para dhyAna denA hotA hai| jahA~ taka cetanA ke prabandhana kA prazna hai, vaha eka AdhyAtmika pahalU hai aura usakA prazikSaNa bhI AdhyAtmika dRSTi se hI saMbhava hotA hai| isameM mukhya rUpa se cetanA ko saMkleza arthAt tanAvoM se mukta rakhakara samatva kI sthiti meM lAne hetu prazikSita aura pariSkRta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| jahA~ taka zarIra ke prabandhana kA prazna hai, vastutaH usake tIna pakSa ho sakate haiN| pahalA vyakti kI daihika kSamatA kA pUrNa, lekina samyak dizA meM prayoga, dUsarA una paristhitiyoM se zarIra ko bacAne kA prayAsa, jo usakI zArIrika kSamatA ko avarUddha karatI haiM aura tIsarA daihika UrjA kI samyak sampUrti kA prayAsa, jo vyakti ke kArya karane meM naSTa hotI hai| jahA~ taka sAdhana rUpa upakaraNoM ke prabandhana kA prazna hai, unakA prayoga isa prakAra honA cAhie ki vyakti kI daihika aura caitasika-kSamatA kA dohana kama se kama ho aura phala adhika se adhika mila ske| sAtha hI, unakA upayoga karane se upabhogakartA aura dUsare prANiyoM para koI viparIta prabhAva na pdd'e| isa prakAra, Antarika sAdhana-prabandhana meM mukhya rUpa se caitasika-samatva, daihika-satulana aura daihika-upakaraNoM kA samyak upayoga - ye tInoM hI Avazyaka haiN| aMtaraMga sAdhana vastutaH sAdhaka kI hI yogyatAe~ haiM, kyoMki inakA sIdhA sambandha sAdhaka ke vyaktitva se jur3A hai, ataH prastuta zodha-kArya meM inakA prabandhana sAdhaka-prabandhana arthAt zikSA, samaya, zarIra, vANI aura mana-prabandhana ke antargata samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| 77 adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 77 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #136
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (kha) bAhya sAdhana-prabandhana - bAhya sAdhana-prabandhana se hamArA Azaya una sAdhanoM ke prabandhana se hai, jo sAdhaka ko bAhya pariveza se prApta hote haiN| ye bAhya-sAdhana do prakAra ke hote haiM - gaira-mAnavIya (paryAvaraNa) aura mAnavIya (samAja) tathA inakA prabandhana bAhya-sAdhana-prabandhana hai| isake antargata paryAvaraNa-prabandhana evaM samAja-prabandhana Ate haiN| (3) sAdhya-prabandhana - sAdhya kA artha hai - lakSya yA uddezya / nizItha bhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki kArya ke do rUpa haiM - sAdhya aura asAdhya / jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha kevala sAdhya ko sAdhane kA prayatna kare, na ki asAdhya ko, kyoMki asAdhya ko sAdhane meM vyartha kA kleza hI hotA hai aura kArya bhI siddha nahIM ho paataa| vyakti kA carama sAdhya (Ultimate Aim) parama Ananda kI prApti karanA hai| isa sAdhya kI prApti ke lie hI vaha vividha prayatna yA udyama karatA hai, jise purUSArtha kahA jAtA hai| haribhadrasUri ke anusAra, ye purUSArtha cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - dharma, artha, kAma aura mokss| inameM dharma, artha aura kAma - ye tIna purUSArtha sAdhya rUpa bhI hote haiM aura apane agrima purUSArtha ke lie sAdhana rUpa bhI, kintu mokSa purUSArtha to kevala sAdhyarUpa hI hotA hai|42 ina cAroM kA prabandhana sAdhya-prabandhana kahalAtA hai| isake antargata artha-prabandhana, bhogopabhoga-prabandhana, dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana aura AdhyAtmika-vikAsa (mokSa)-prabandhana Ate haiN| ina tInoM vibhAgoM (sAdhaka, sAdhana evaM sAdhya) meM vyakti kI pravRttiyA~ sakArAtmaka bhI ho sakatI haiM aura nakArAtmaka bhii| ataH inakA samyak pravartana eka mahattvapUrNa karttavya hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 78 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #137
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.8.2 jIvana-prabandhana ke AyAma jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM uparyukta sAdhaka-prabandhana, sAdhana-prabandhana evaM sAdhya-prabandhana ke antargata jina AyAmoM kA samAveza hotA hai, unakA varNana isa prakAra hai - sAdhaka sAdhanamA jIvana ke vividha mAthAma evaM samaya prabaMdhana kI prakriyAlA (1) zikSA-prabandhana - zikSA pratyeka mAnava kI prAthamika AvazyakatAoM meM se eka hai| yaha vaha prakriyA hai, jo janma se mRtyu taka calatI rahatI hai| jIvana ke isa mahattvapUrNa pakSa kA prabandhana hI zikSA-prabandhana (Education Management) kahalAtA hai| zikSA-prabandhana vastutaH zikSA kA sahI dizA meM niyojana hai, jisase vyakti kI zikSA usake vyaktitva vikAsa meM sahAyaka ho ske| jainadharmadarzana meM 79 adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 70 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #138
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhI santulita zikSA ke do pakSa batAe gae haiM 243 - grahaNAtmaka-zikSA (saiddhAntika-zikSA) aura AsevanAtmaka-zikSA (praayogik-shikssaa)| zikSA-prabandhana kA vizeSa varNana adhyAya tIna meM kiyA jaaegaa| (2) samaya-prabandhana - kisI bhI vastu kA koI mUlya avazya hotA hai, lekina samaya anamola hai| kahAvata bhI hai - Money is valuable, but time is invaluable | bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samayamAtra ke lie bhI pramAda nahIM karane kA upadeza diyA hai - 'samayaM goyama! mA pmaaye'| vastutaH, hara vyakti ko niyata Ayu milatI hai aura isa Ayu kA parimANa hI jIvana kI samaya-sImA hai| isameM hI jIvana ke lakSyoM ko prApta karanA hotA hai, parantu vyakti aksara samaya cUka jAtA hai, ataH jainadarzana meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko ucita samaya para ucita kArya karanA cAhie245 - kAle kAlaM smaayre| isa uddezya kI pUrti samaya-prabandhana ke mAdhyama se kI jA sakatI hai, jisakA vistAra se varNana adhyAya cAra meM kiyA jaaegaa| (3) zarIra-prabandhana - zarIra eka aisA sahayogI hai, jisake sAtha AtmA kA sambandha janma se mRtyu taka banA rahatA hai| yaha sAdhana ke rUpa meM vyakti ke vividha purUSArthoM meM sahagAmI hotA hai| bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AdhyAtmika purUSArtha ke lie ise sAdhana mAnate hue kahA bhI hai46 - 'zarIramAdyaM khalu dhrmsaadhnN'| isakA prayoga Avazyaka aura anAvazyaka donoM pravRttiyoM meM ho sakatA hai| ataH isakA prabandhana honA Avazyaka hai, jisase yaha jIvana ke uddezyoM kI pUrti meM bAdhaka nahIM, apitu sAdhaka siddha ho ske| yaha prabandhana hI zarIra-prabandhana kahalAtA hai, jisakA varNana adhyAya pA~ca meM kiyA jaaegaa| (4) abhivyakti (vANI)-prabandhana - vANI eka aisI yogyatA hai, jisake mAdhyama se vyakti apane bhAvoM ko prakaTa karatA hai| mAnava meM isa yogyatA kA vikAsa sarvAdhika hai| jainadharmadarzana meM isa vAcika-yogyatA kA kaI prakAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai aura isa zakti ke sahI evaM galata donoM hI prayogoM ke pariNAmoM ko bhI darzAyA gayA hai| abhivyakti-prabandhana ke mAdhyama se hI vyakti apanI vANI kA samyak aura saMyamita prayoga kara sakatA hai| isakA varNana adhyAya chaha meM kiyA jaaegaa| (5) tanAva evaM manovikAra-prabandhana - vaha zakti, jisake mAdhyama se vyakti cintana, manana, vicAra Adi karatA hai, mana kahalAtI hai| vartamAna yuga meM vyakti ke bauddhika aura mAnasika vikAsa kA AdhAra 'mana' hai| mana kA nakArAtmaka prayoga hone para tanAva, avasAda Adi mAnasika rogoM kI utpatti hotI hai, jisase mAnava-jIvana duHkhamaya aura bhArabhUta ho jAtA hai| ataH mana para niyantraNa Avazyaka hai| mana kA sakArAtmaka prayoga karane para yahI mukti kA sAdhana bhI bana jAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki - "mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH" arthAt mana hI manuSya ke bandha aura mokSa donoM kA kAraNa hai|247 ataH pratyeka manuSya ko mana-prabandhana kI nitAnta AzyakatA hai| mana-prabandhana kA Azaya eka aisI kalA se hai, jisase mAnava apane tanAva aura mAnasika vikAroM kA samyak prabandhana kara ske| isakI carcA adhyAya sAta meM vistAra se kI jaaegii| 80 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 80 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #139
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) paryAvaraNa-prabandhana - vyakti ke cAroM ora vyApta pariveza paryAvaraNa kahalAtA hai| Aja paryAvaraNa sambandhI samasyAe~ vizva kI jvalanta samasyAe~ haiM, jinakA sambandha prANimAtra se hai| mAnava paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM ko bar3hAne meM sabase ahama bhUmikA nibhA rahA hai| yadi mAnava apane kriyAkalApoM para ucita niyantraNa kare, to hI isa vizvavyApI samasyA kA samAdhAna sambhava hai| jainadharmadarzana eka vaijJAnika aura AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA hai| isake siddhAntoM se na kevala Atmahita hotA hai, apitu paryAvaraNa sambandhI cintAoM kA nirAkaraNa bhI hotA hai| ina siddhAntoM kA jIvana meM prayoga hI paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kahalAtA hai, jisakA varNana adhyAya ATha meM kiyA jaaegaa| yaha jJAtavya hai ki prastuta zodha-grantha meM paryAvaraNa ke antargata mukhyatayA gaira-mAnavIya pariveza ko hI zAmila kiyA gayA hai| (7) samAja-prabandhana - manuSyoM kA samUha 'samAja' kahalAtA hai, jabaki pazuoM kA samUha 'smj'| donoM meM yaha antara hai ki manuSyoM kA samUha vyaktigata aura sAmUhika vikAsa kA eka sAdhana hai, jabaki pazuoM ke samUha meM isa vikAsa kI pahala kA hI abhAva hai| jainadharmadarzana ne isIlie ekAkI aura sAmUhika donoM hI jIvana-paddhatiyoM kA samanvayAtmaka nirdeza kiyA hai, kintu mAnava kI yaha viDambanA hai ki vaha paraspara sahakAritA aura bandhutva kI bhAvanA se jI nahIM pAtA aura pariNAmasvarUpa samAja, parivAra Adi meM kleza aura kalaha kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| ataH samAja-prabandhana AvazyakatA bana jAtA hai| isakI carcA adhyAya nau meM kI jaaegii| (8) artha-prabandhana - 'artha' kA Azaya hai - vastu / 248 ataH upabhoga kI vastuoM kA grahaNa evaM saMcaya karane vAle samagra prayatna yA udyama 'artha-purUSArtha' haiN| vyakti kI anekAneka bhautika AvazyakatAe~ hotI haiM, jaise - paisA, gRha, sampatti aadi| inakI prApti ke lie kiyA gayA purUSArtha artha-purUSArtha kahalAtA hai| 49 sAmAnyatayA isa artha-purUSArtha kA sAdhya kAma-purUSArtha hotA hai, kyoMki vyakti kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM kI pUrti ke lie artha-purUSArtha se jur3atA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'artha' sAdhana hai aura 'bhoga' sAdhya hai|250 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM 'artha' aura 'bhoga' donoM ke sandarbha meM parigraha-parimANa aura bhogopabhoga-parimANa karane kA sadupadeza diyA gayA hai|251 artha-prabandhana vastutaH artha-purUSArtha ke vyavasthitIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai| isakI vizeSa carcA adhyAya dasa meM kI jaaegii| (7) bhogopabhoga-prabandhana - saMcita yA ekatrita vastuoM kA upayoga karane hetu kiyA gayA prayatna yA udyama hI bhoga yA kAma kA purUSArtha kahalAtA hai| bhramita mAnava vastutaH bhautika sukha ko hI yathArtha sukha mAna letA hai aura isakI prApti ke lie aindrika-viSayoM kA sevana karatA rahatA hai, yahI bhoga yA kAma kA purUSArtha hai|252 jaina-jIvana-dRSTi meM bhoga kA purUSArtha vastutaH daladala ke samAna hai, jisameM bhogI purUSa pha~satA hI calA jAtA hai aura apane jIvana ko naSTa kara detA hai| bhoga-prabandhana bhogavRtti ko zanaiH-zanaiH sImita karane kI eka prakriyA hai| isase vyakti kI jIvanazailI saMyamita hotI jAtI hai| isakI vistRta carcA adhyAya gyAraha meM kI jaaegii| adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 81 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #140
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (10) dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana - dharma kA artha hai - naitiktaa| ataH vaha purUSArtha, jisake mAdhyama se vyakti azubhAcAra se nivRtta hokara zubhAcAra meM pravRtta hotA hai, dharma-purUSArtha kahalAtA hai| yaha purUSArtha AdhyAtmika aura vyAvahArika donoM hI jIvana rUpoM meM upayogI hai| dharma-purUSArtha yadi vyavahArIjana ke lie naitikatA evaM sadAcAritA kA mAdhyama hai, to AtmArthIjana ke lie mumukSutA aura vairAgya kA uttama sAdhana hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki vyakti dharma ke marma taka nahIM pahuMca pAtA aura isIlie dharma-purUSArtha karane kA ucita pariNAma bhI use prApta nahIM ho paataa| isa prakAra usameM na to sadAcAritA A pAtI hai aura na mumukSutA yA vairAgya hii| ataH dharma-prabandhana yA dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| isase hI vyakti dharma kI vaijJAnika gahanatA ko samajha sakatA hai| yaha dharma-prabandhana vastutaH dhArmika aMdhavizvAsoM aura ADambaroM se rahita eka vizuddha vicAradhArA hai| isakI vistRta carcA adhyAya bAraha meM kI jaaegii| (11) AdhyAtmika-vikAsa (mokSa)-prabandhana - mokSa kA artha hai - 'mukti'| vastutaH, jahA~ icchAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura apekSAoM kA bandhana hai, vahA~ duHkha aura tanAva avazyaMbhAvI haiM aura isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki mukta-dazA meM hI prasannatA aura Ananda kI prApti sambhava hai| jaina-jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA kA parama sAdhya bhI yahI avasthA yA dazA hai evaM tadhetu kiyA gayA purUSArtha mokSa-purUSArtha kahalAtA hai|253 jainadarzana ke anusAra, samasta para-padArthoM se bhinna aura nija-zuddhAtmasvarUpa se abhinna Atmika avasthA (pariNati) kI prApti ke lie kiyA gayA purUSArtha mokSa-purUSArtha hai| jaise-jaise mokSa-purUSArtha meM pragati hotI hai, vaise-vaise Atma-sthiratA aura tajjanya Atmika-Ananda meM bhI abhivRddhi hotI jAtI hai| isa purUSArtha kI carama sthiti mokSa hai| isa kalikAla meM mokSamArga ke sAdhana sulabha nahIM haiM, jisase aksara vyakti pathabhraSTa bhI ho jAyA karatA hai| AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana eka aisI prakriyA hai, jisake mAdhyama se vyakti dharma, artha aura kAma ke purUSArtha se zanaiH-zanaiH nivRtta hotA huA mokSa-prApti kA samyak prayatna karatA jAtA hai| isakI bhI vistRta carcA adhyAya teraha meM kI jaaegii| isa prakAra, jIvana-prabandhana ke antargata jIvana ko suvyavasthita karane vAle vividha pahaluoM kA prabandhana hotA hai| =====< >===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 82 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #141
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1.9 niSkarSa prastuta zodha-grantha kA viSaya hai - jainaAcAra meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tttv| isake prathama adhyAya meM hamane jIvana-prabandhana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| Adhunika yuga meM 'prabandhana' eka bahupracalita vidhA ke rUpa meM lokapriya hai, kintu isakA kSetra aba taka bhI sImita hI hai, isameM AdhyAtmika evaM naitika mUlyoM kA prAyaH abhAva hai| isake viparIta, prAcIna bhAratIya-darzanoM aura vizeSarUpa se jainadarzana kI dRSTi ativyApaka hai| isameM nirdiSTa siddhAntoM meM bhautikatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA kA samyak sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA (jainaAcArazAstroM) meM jIvana-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika donoM pakSoM kA varNana milatA hai, jo jIvana-vyavahAra ko samIcIna banAne hetu samyak mArgadarzana pradAna karate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki hamane prastuta zodha-prabandha ke lie jainaAcAramImAMsA (jainaAcArazAstroM) ko apanA AdhAra banAyA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA para AdhArita jIvana-prabandhana viSaya meM praveza hetu 'jIvana' aura 'prabandhana' donoM ke svarUpa ko sahI DhaMga se samajhanA atyAvazyaka hai| 'jIvana' AtmA aura zarIra kI saMyogajanya avasthA hai| AdhyAtmika-dRSTi se AtmA hI jIvana kA ekamAtra AdhAra hai, parantu vyAvahArika-dRSTi se jisameM cetanA kA saMcAra mahasUsa hotA hai, usa zarIra ko bhI jIvana kA eka aMga kahA gayA hai| AtmA aura zarIra meM jIvana kI abhivyakti jisa zakti ke mAdhyama se hotI hai, use jainagranthoM meM prANa kahA gayA hai| yaha prANa jIvana kA lakSaNa hai, kyoMki isake sadbhAva meM jIvana kA astitva banA rahatA hai aura isake abhAva meM jIvana samApta ho jAtA hai| yaha prANa do prakAra kA hotA hai - prathama nizcaya-prANa kahalAtA hai, jo AtmA kI caitanya-zakti hai aura dvitIya vyavahAra-prANa kahalAtA hai, jo zarIra meM vidyamAna pA~ca indriyoM, mana, vacana, kAyA, Ayu evaM zvAsocchavAsa kA samuccaya hai| jIvana-prabandhana vastutaH, ina prANa-dvaya kA samyak pravartana hI hai| ___ jIvana se jur3e aneka pahalU haiM, jaise - sabhI prANiyoM ke lie jIvana kA mahattva evaM sthAna sarvopari honA, jIvana kA pratisamaya parivartita honA, bIte hue jIvana kA lauTakara nahIM AnA, jIvana kI antima pariNati mRtyu honA ityaadi| ina sabhI pahaluoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI koI vyakti apane jIvana ko samyak dizA meM niyojita kara sakatA hai| yadyapi saMsAra meM aneka jIvanarUpa haiM, jinheM jainazAstroM meM gati, indriya, halana-calana Adi ke AdhAra para aneka prakAra se vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI inameM manuSya-jIvana kI zreSThatA ko nirvivAda rUpa se svIkArA gayA hai| manuSya meM AdhyAtmika, mAnasika, vAcika , zArIrika, sAmAjika, Arthika Adi kSetroM meM vikAsa karane kI adbhuta yogyatA hai, jo isa bAta ko siddha karatI hai ki jIvana-prabandhana kA suyogya pAtra mAnava hI hai| adhyAya 1: jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #142
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAnava apanI yogyatA kA sakArAtmaka aura nakArAtmaka donoM prakAra se upayoga kara sakatA hai| ina upayogoM meM bhI aneka vividhatAe~ hotI haiM aura isI kAraNa mAnava aneka prakAra kI jIvanazailiyoM se jItA hai| jainAcAryoM ne sadaiva nakArAtmaka jIvanazailI ko chor3akara sakArAtmaka jIvanazailI ko apanAne para bala diyA hai| vastutaH, yahI jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya bhI hai| pratyeka mAnava jIvana-prabandhana ke lie samartha hone para bhI apane jIvana ko prabandhita nahIM kara paataa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha 'prabandhana' ke samyaka svarUpa se anabhijJa hotA hai| vaha yaha nahIM samajha pAtA ki prabandhana kA mahattva sArvakAlika, sArvabhaumika evaM sArvajanIna hai| vAstava meM prabandhana to vaha prakriyA hai, jisake dvArA vyakti sAdhaka , sAdhana aura sAdhya ko eka sUtra meM pirokara saphalatA kI prApti kara sakatA hai| isa hetu use niyojana, saMgaThana, saMsAdhana, nirdezana, samanvayana evaM niyantraNa rUpa prabandhana-karttavyoM kA samyak kriyAnvayana karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| sAtha hI vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana ke prabandhana-siddhAntoM kA samyak nirvahana bhI karanA hotA hai| use prabandhana ko eka kalA, vijJAna, praNAlI evaM sAmAjika uttaradAyitva ke rUpa meM prayoga karanA hotA hai| vyakti jaba prabandhana ko kevala vyAvasAyika yA audyogika pakSa taka sImita nahIM rakhatA huA, jIvana ke sampUrNa pahaluoM ke lie prayoga meM lAtA hai, taba jIvana-prabandhana astitva meM AtA hai| jIvana-prabandhana kI AvazyakatA prAyaH sabhI ko hai, kyoMki vartamAna yuga meM prAyaH sabhI kA jIvana asta-vyasta evaM trasta hai| vyakti jIvana meM sukha, zAnti aura Ananda cAhatA hai, kintu aprabandhita jIvanazailI hone se vaha abhISTa phala kI prApti nahIM kara paataa| jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA ko apanAkara vaha na kevala jIvana-nirvAha, apitu jIvana-nirmANa (Atma-kalyANa) ke lakSya ko bhI saphalatApUrvaka prApta kara sakatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya vAstava meM vyakti ko kAlpanika U~cAiyoM ke zikhara taka pahu~cAnA nahIM, apitu vAstavikatA kI dharAtala para sukhI jIvana jIne kI kalA sikhAnA hai| isakA parama Adarza moha aura kSobha se mukta mokSa-dazA kI prApti karAnA hai| isa hetu jIvana-prabandhana kI mUla prakriyA yahI hai ki vyakti ucita lakSya kA nirdhAraNa kare, lakSya prApti meM sahayogI sAdhaka-tattvoM ko grahaNa kare, lakSya-prApti meM avarodharUpa bAdhaka-kAraNoM kA tyAga kare aura antataH jIvana-lakSya kI saMprApti kre| jIvana-prabandhana kI sabase bar3I bAdhA hai - jIvana kA jaTila honaa| ise saralIkRta karane ke lie jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM kA vibhAgIkaraNa kara unakA pRthak-pRthaka prabandhana karanA Avazyaka hai| itanA hI nahIM, unameM pArasparika samanvaya sthApita karanA bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| ataH dhairya aura viveka kA samAveza karate hue vyakti ko jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA meM caraNa-dara-caraNa Age bar3hanA hI ucita hai| 84 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 84 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #143
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana-prabandhana eka bRhatprakriyA hai, jisake aneka AyAma haiN| prastuta zodha-grantha meM jIvana-prabandhana ke gyAraha pramukha AyAmoM se sambandhita prabandhana-sUtroM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| ye AyAma haiM - zikSA prabandhana, samaya-prabandhana, zarIra-prabandhana, abhivyakti (vANI)-prabandhana, tanAva evaM manovikAra-prabandhana, paryAvaraNa-prabandhana, samAja-prabandhana, artha-prabandhana, bhogopabhoga-prabandhana, dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana evaM AdhyAtmika-vikAsa (mokss)-prbndhn| ina sabhI AyAmoM kA samyaka prabandhana hI jIvana-prabandhana kI samagratA hai| pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha ina sabhI AyAmoM para kArya karatA huA jIvana ko santulita, suvyavasthita aura susamanvita kare, tAki vaha jIvana meM sukha, zAnti evaM Ananda kI saMprApti kara ske| ====== ===== 85 adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 85 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #144
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 1 granthAdhyayanaviSayakapravRttiprayojanajJAnaviSayatva mnubNdhsaamaanylkssnnm| - siddhAtakaumudI, bhAga 1, gopAladatta pANDeya, 2 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 1/139 3 jIvanavijJAna kI rUparekhA, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 43 4 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/1 5 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36/48 (pR. 642 se uddhRta) 6 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 131, pR. 564 7 vyAkhyAprajJapti, 20/2/7 8 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/11 9 dvAdazAnuprekSA, 204 10 jIvanavijJAna kI rUparekhA, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 45 11 vytikiirnnvstuvyaavRttiheturlkssnnm| - nyAyadIpikA 1/3, pR. 5 12 asAdhAraNadharma vacanaM lakSaNam iti kecit| - vahI 1/5, pR. 7 13 nyAyavinizcayaTIkA, 1/3/85/5 14 abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 4/1564 se uddhRta 15 jIvanti-prANanti jIvita-vyavahAra-yogyA bhavanti jIvA yeste praannaaH| - gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 1/2, pR. 34 16 jIvanavijJAna kI rUparekhA, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 46 17 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 130 18 vahI, 129 19 bAhirapANehi jahA taheva abhaMtarehi paannehiN| pANanti jehi jIvA pANA te hoMti nnidditttthaa|| - gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 4/129, pR. 264 | 20 jIvasya sahaja........... nizcaya jIvatve satyapi - pravacanasAra, 145, pR. 301 21 karmopAdhisApekSajJAnadarzanopayogacaitanyaprANena jIvantIti jiivaaH| ___ - gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 1/ 2, pR. 34 22 indriyabalAyurucchavAsalakSaNA hi prANAH / teSu citsAmAnyAnvayino bhAvaprANAH / - paMcAstikAyasaMgraha, 30, pR. 61 23 pudgalasAmAnyAnvayino dravyaprANAH / - paMcAstikAyasaMgraha, 30, pR. 61 24 paudgalika-dravyendriyAdivyApArarUpAH dravya-prANAH / - gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), adhi. 4/129, pR. 264 25 sparza-rasa-gaMdha-varNavantaH pudgalAH / - tattvArthasUtra, 5/23, pR. 128 26 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 13 27 jainendrasiddhAntakoza, 1/300 28 sparzanarasanaghrANacakSuHzrotrANi / / - tattvArthasUtra, 2/20, pR. 56 29 zaktyupacaye - abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 5/1287 30 nizIthacUrNI, 1 (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 5/1287 se uddhRta) 31 paMcendriyANi trividhaM balaM ca, niHzvAsa ucchavAsamathAnyadAyuH / prANA dazaite bhagavadbhiruktA steSAM viyogikaraNaM tu hiNsaa|| - vahI, pR. 826 32 (ka) maNaNaM va maNNae vA'NeNa maNo teNa davvao taM c| tajjoggapuggalamayaM bhAvamaNo bhaNNae mNtaa|| - vizeSAvazyakabhASya 2/3525, pR. 546 (kha) dravyamanazca guNadoSavicArasmaraNAdipraNidhAnA'bhimukhasyAtmano'nugrAhakAH pudgalA manastvena pariNatA iti paudglikm| - vahI, 5/19, pR. 218 33 saMskRtahindIkoza, pR. 183 34 navatattvaprakaraNa(sArtha), 7, pR. 40 35 yadbhAvAbhAvayorjIvitamaraNaM tadAyuH / yasya bhAvAt AtmanaH jIvitaM bhavati yasya cAbhAvAt mRta ityucyate tdbhvdhaarnnmaayurityucyte| - rAjavArtika 2/8/10, pR. 575 36 karmasaMhitA, pR. 439 37 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/3 38 tattvArthasUtra, 5/29 39 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/25 40 vahI, 4/1, pR. 75 41 vahI, 13/26 42 vahI, 4/1, pR. 75 43 vahI, 14/15 44 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/36 45 abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 4/1564 se uddhRta 46 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 19/91 47 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/3 48 samaNasuttaM, 150 49 taMdulavaicArikaprakIrNaka, DaoN.subhASa koThArI, pR. 45-55 50 padArthaprakAza, hemacandrasUri, bhAga 1, pR. 1 51 saMsAriNo muktAzca - tattvArthasUtra, 2/10, pR. 53 52 saMsArAnnivRttA ye te muktAH - sarvArthasiddhi, 2/10, pR. 122 86 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 86 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #145
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 53 saMsaraNaM saMsAraH parivartanamityarthaH / sa eSAmasti te sNsaarinnH| 71 cauridiyA ya vicchU, DhiMkuNa bhamarA ya bhamariyA tiDDA / __ - sarvArthasiddhi, 2/10, pR. 119 macchiya DaMsA masagA, kaMsArI kavila ddolaai|| 54 gaiudayapajjAyA caugaigamaNassa hedu vA hu gii| - vahI, 18, pR.9 - gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 6/146, pR. 278 72 tattvArthasUtra, 2/11 55 narakeSu jAtA nArakAH 73 paryApti mAhArAdipudgalagrahaNapariNamanaheturAtmanaH zaktivizeSaH - vahI, 6/147, pR. 279 __- jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 1/1/12, pR. 27 56 hiMsAdyasadanuSThAneSu niratA vyApRtAH pravRttAH 74 manuSya meM devatva kA udaya, paM.zrIrAmazarmA, 5.8 - vahI, 6/147, pR. 279 75 sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/1/87 57 asurodIriya-dukkhaM, sArIraM mANasaM tahA vivih| 76 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/139 khittubhavaM tibvaM, aNNoNNakayaM ca pNcvihN|| 77 saMskRtahindIkoza, pR. 1030 - kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 35, pR. 17 | 78 The seven habits of highly effective people, Stephen 58 jainadarzanapAribhASikakoSa, pR. 112 _____R.Covey, p 46 59 tiriyaMti kuDila bhAvaM suviyaDa saNNA nnigitttthmnnnnaannaa| 79 jJAnArNavaH, 3/4 accaMta-pAva-bahulA tamhA tericchayA NAma / / 80 prazamarati, 148 - SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) 1/1/1/129, pR. 203 81 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/121 60 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 1982-1987 82 dharmabindu, 1/56 61 devagatinAmakarmodaye satyabhyantare hetau bAhyavibhUti vizeSaiH 83 trINichedasUtrANi (vyavahArasUtra), 10/37, pR. 55 dvIpAdrisamudrAdipradezeSu yatheSTaM dIvyanti krIDantIti devAH / - 84 zrIkulakasamuccaya, dAnakulaka, pR. 21 sarvArthasiddhi, 4/1, pR. 177 85 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/300-301 62 kArtikeyAnuprekSA saMsAra-anuprekSA, 59-61, pR. 24 86 vahI, 2/165 63 maNNaMti jado Nicca maNena NiuNA maNukkaDA jmhaa| 87 zrImadarAjacaMdra, patrAMka 738, pR. 572 maNuubbhavA ya savve tamhA te mANusA bhnnidaa|| 88 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/157 - gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 6/149, pR. 280 89 maitrI-pramoda-kArUNya-mAdhyasthyAni 64 maNussA duvihA paNNattA, sattva-guNAdhika-klizyamAnA'vineyeSu / taM jahA-sammucchimamaNussA ya, gamavakkaMtiyamanussA ya - tattvArthasUtra, 7/6 - jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 1/1/41, pR. 98 90 parAtmaniMdAprazaMse sadasadguNA''cchAdanobhAvane ca 65 tattvArthasUtra, 2/32 niicairgotrsy| - vahI, 6/24 66 vahI, 2/25 91 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, madhukaramuni, prastAvanA, pR. 6 67 duvihA saMsArasamAvaNNagA jIvA paNNattA te evamAhaMsu taM 92 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 10/2 jahA-tasA ceva thAvarA ceva 93 mithyAdarzanA'viratipramAdakaSAyayogA baMdhahetavaH / - jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 1/1/9, pR. 24 - tattvArthasUtra, 8/1 68 vahI, 1/1/41, pR. 25 94 tiNNaM rayaNANamA vibhaavtttth-micchaanniroho| 69 saMkha kavaDDaya gaMDula, jaloya caMdaNaga alasa lhgaai| - SaTkhaNDAgama, 13/5/4/26, pR. 54 mehari kimi puaragA, beiMdiyamAI vaahaaii|| 95 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/39 - jIvavicAraprakaraNa, 15, pR. 7 96 kukkhI saMbalassa, AnaMdasvAdhyAyasaMgraha, pAkSikasUtra, 70 gomI maMkaNa jUA, pipIli uddehiyA ya mkkoddaa| pipAla udAhayA ya makkAjA pR. 111 illiya ghayamillIo, sAvaya gokiiddjaaio|| 97 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/56, pR. 53-54 gaddahaya corakIr3A, gomaya kIr3A ya dhanna kIDA y| 98 asaMvibhAgI na hu tassa mokkho kuMthu govAliya iliyA, teiMdiya iNdgovaai|| - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 9/2/22 - vahI, 16, 17, pR. 8 99 sAhavo to ciyatteNaM nimaMtejja jahakkama / jai tattha kei icchejjA tehiM saddhiM tu bhuje|| - vahI, 5/1/95 adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #146
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 100 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/48 performed to determine and accomplish common 101 jeNaM bhakhkhAbhakhkhaM, pijjApijjaM pamANaM goals by the use of human and other resources. - - siddhacakra navapada svarUpa darzana, pR. 205 do, p.4 102 nANa-kiriyAhiM mokkho-vizeSAvazyakabhAgya, 3 129 Management is the function of executive 103 samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / leadership anywhere. - do, p.4 - tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 130 Management is concerned with seeing that the job 104 sakalakiriyANa mUlaM, saddhA pamANaM - siddhacakra navapada svarUpa darzana, pR. 206 gets done. It tasks all centre on planning and 105 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 2, pR.6 guiding the operations that are going on in the 106 tattvArthasUtra, 7/27 enterprise. - do, p.4 107 samaNasuttaM, 303 131 Management is a multipurpose organ that manages 108 sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/1/168, pR. 46 the business & manages managers & manage 109 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/37-40 worker & work. - Management & Organization, 110 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/8-11 C.B.Gupta, p.I.8 111 yogazAstra, 1/47 132 Management is the creation and maintenance of an 112 abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 4/1564 se uddhRta internal environment in an enterprise where 113 tattvArthasUtra, 7/2 individuals, working in groups, can perform 114 sAgAradharmAmRta, 1/20 efficiently and effectively toword the attainment 115 parIkSAmukha, 3/15 of group goals. - do, p.1.9 116 tattvArtha rAjavArtika, 1/7, pR. 38 117 sthAnAMgasUtravRtti, abhayadevasUri, 46 133 Management is the coordination of all resources 118 Management & Organization, C.B.Gupta, p.1.56 through the process of planning, organising, 119 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, directing and controlling in order to attain stated DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 7 goals. - do, p.1.9 120 vahI, pR. 2 134 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 121 niyamasAra, 1/2 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 2 122 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 135 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 4 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 25 136 purUSArthasiddhayupAya, 2 123 vahI, pR. 3 137 pravacanasAra, 1/7 124 vahI, pR. 4 138 devagurUzAstrapUjA, yugalajI 125 vahI, pR. 5 139 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 5 126 vahI, pR. 2 140 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 127 Newman and Summer regard management as a DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 8 social process. According to them, it is a process 141 tattvArthasUtra, 5/29 as it comprises a series of actions that lead to the 142 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, accomplishment of objectives. It is a social DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 8 143 vahI, pR. 8 process, because these actions are principally 144 nizIthabhASya, 5248 concerned with relations between people. 145 oghaniyukti, 55 - Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p.4 146 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 128 Terry also views management as the process of DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 9 ____planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, 147 vahI. pa. 25 88 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 88 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #147
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 148 vahI, pR. 25 182 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 149 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p.6 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 11 150 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/61 183 tattvArthasUtra, 5/21 | 151 navapadapUjA, samyagjJAnapada, upAdhyAya yazovijayajI 184 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 152 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, DaoN.pravINa DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 17 kumAra agravAla, pR. 45 185 vahI, pR. 38 153 niyamasAra, 1/2 186 trINichedasUtrANi (bRhatkalpasUtra), 3/13, 154 purUSArthasiddhayupAya, 21, pR. 13 pR. 181-182 155 adhyAtmasAra, 3/10/2-28 187 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 156 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 39 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 45 188 trINichedasUtrANi (bRhatkalpasUtra), 3/13, 157 vahI, pR. 46 pR. 181-182 158 vahI, pR. 47 189 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 159 vahI, pR. 47 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 39 160 vahI, pR. 48 190 trINichedasUtrANi (bRhatkalpasUtra), 3/13, 161 vahI, pR. 48 pR. 181-182 162 yogazAstra, 1/4 191 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 163 vahI, 1/52 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 39 164 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 192 nizIthabhASya, 5245 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 43 193 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 165 vahI, pR. 26 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 38 166 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 194 trINichedasUtrANi (bRhatkalpasUtra), 3/13, pR. 181 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 94 195 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 167 jainavidyA, bhAga 1, (bI.e.1), pR. 14-16 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 38 168 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 7 196 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/8-11 169 jainavidyA, bhAga 1, (bI.e.1), pR. 14-16 197 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 170 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 7 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 39 171 trINichedasUtrANi (vyavahArasUtra), 3/11, pR. 324 198 jainaAcAra, devendra muni, pR. 110 172 navapadapUjA, AcAryapada, upAdhyAya yazovijayajI 199 Organisation & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p.15 173 gacchAcArapayannA, 1/17 200 paMcAzakaprakaraNa, 3/21-24 174 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 201 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, ___DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 26 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 39 175 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 8 202 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/3/430 176 trINichedasUtrANi (dazAzrutaskaMdha), pR. 20-21 203 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 177 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 40 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 27 204 sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/1/168 178 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 8 205 AcArAMgasUtra, 2/3/3/507, pR. 201 179 trINichedasUtrANi (dazAzrutaskaMdha), pR. 27-28 206 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 180 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/1/2/17 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 40 207 AyA Ne ajjo! sAmAie 181 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 8 AyA Ne ajjo! sAmAiyassa aTThe - vyAkhyAprajJapti, 1/9/21/4 adhyAya 1 : jIvana-prabandhana kA patha 89 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #148
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 208 vyAvasAyika prabandha ke siddhAMta evaM udyamitA, 243 sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/1/168, pR. 46 DaoN.pravINa kumAra agravAla, pR. 40 244 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 10/2 209 trINichedasUtrANi (vyavahArasUtra), 2/25, pR. 299-300 245 vahI, 1/31 210 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 16 246 anagAradharmAmRta, 7/9 211 trINichedasUtrANi (dazAzrutaskaMdha), 4/8/1, pR. 26 247 maitrANyupaniSad, 4/11 (jaina, bauddha aura gItA, 212 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 16 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/482 se uddhRta) 213 tattvArthasUtra, 7/6 248 saMskRtahindIkoza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pR. 96 214 vahI, 5/21 249 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/155 215 trINichedasUtrANi (bRhatkalpasUtra), 3/20, pR. 185 250 tattvArthasUtra, paM.sukhalAla saMghavI, pR. 1 216 Organization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 4 251 dharmabindu, 3/7-8 217 saMsArabhAvanA - kavivarabhUdharadAsa kRta bAraha bhAvanA 252 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/155 218 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/3 253 paramAtmaprakAza, 2/3 219 muktivaibhava, trizalAdevI koThArI, pR. 257-258 220 zrIpAlacaritra, sA. hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 31,101 221 paryAvaraNavikAsa (patrikA), sitaMbara, 2008, aMka 9, pR. 10 222 samayasAra, 9/383-385 223 mohamUlANi dukkhANi - RSibhASita, 2/7 224 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/2 225 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/2/14, pR. 10-11 226 (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/83 (kha) niyamasAra, 43-44 227 zrImadrAjacaMdra, patrAMka 718, pR. 534 228 bhaktaparijJA, 91 229 samayasAra, 8/306-307, pR. 389 230 zrImaddevacaMdra, atIta caubIsI, 11/10 231 dekheM, tIrthakaracaritra (AdinAtha caritra), munijayAnaMdavijaya, pR. ____ 15-30 232 bhAratIya jIvana mUlya, DaoN.surendra varmA, pR. 127 233 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzilana, sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 548 234 jaina nItizAstra : ekaparizIlana, devendramuni, pR. 124 235 aSTazatI (jainendrasiddhAMtakoza, 3/70) 236 jainendrasiddhAMtakoza, 3/70 237 jJAnArNavaH, 3/4 238 bhAratIya jIvana mUlya, DaoN.surendra varmA, pR. 31 239 vahI, pR. 32 240 (ka) DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 187 (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzilana, sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 548 241 nizIthabhASya, 4157 242 prazamarati, 148 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 90 90 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #149
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ___adhyAya 2 jaina darzana evaM jaina AcAra zAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana prabandhana AcAra darzana ELEMENTS OF LIFE MANAGEMENT IN JAIN PHILOSOPHICAL AND ETHICAL SCRIPTURES For Personal & Prvale Use Only www.jainebrary.org
Page #150
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #151
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 2 jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana (Life Management in Jain Philosophical & Ethical Scriputures) Page No. Chap. Cont. 99 2.1 jainadarzana evaM AcArazAstra kA saha-sambandha 191 2.2 jainaAcAramImAMsA kA uddezya 4 94 2.3 jaina darzanamImAMsA, AcAramImAMsA evaM jIvana-prabandhana kA saha-sambandha 696 2.3.1 jainaAcAramImAMsA evaM jIvana-prabandhana ke saha-sambandha ko sunizcita karane vAle katipaya bindu (1) sAdhya evaM usake sAdhana kA nirdeza (2) jIvana meM ucita-anucita ke prabandhana kA nirdeza (3) jIvana-vyavahAra ke samyaka mUlyAMkana evaM naitika pratimAnoM (Ethical Standards) kaa| nirdeza (4) sAmAjika niyamoM athavA rIti-rivAjoM kA nirdeza (5) pada ke anurUpa apane kartavyoM kA pAlana karane kA nirdeza 100 (6) vibhinna naitika mAnyatAoM kI samyak samIkSA karane kA nirdeza 101 (7) jIvana ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke ucita prabandhana kA nirdeza 101 2.4 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke mukhya tattva 102 2.4.1 mAnavIya jIvana kI samasyAe~ 102 2.4.2 samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie eka udAharaNa 103 2.4.3 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke mukhya tattva 105 (1) jJAnAcAra (2) darzanAcAra (3) cAritrAcAra (4) tapAcAra (5) vIryAcAra 2.5 niSkarSa sandarbhasUcI 106 107 108 109 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #152
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #153
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 2 jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana (Life Management in Jain Philosophical & Ethical Scriputures) 2.1 jainadarzana evaM AcArazAstra kA saha-sambandha bhAratIya dArzanika kSetra meM jainadarzana kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| isameM vaizvika satya ko prakAzita karake jIvana ke naitika vikAsa ke binduoM kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| sampUrNa jaina darzana-sAhitya ke mUlataH tIna vibhAga haiM - 1) tattvamImAMsA 2) jJAnamImAMsA 3) AcAramImAMsA prastuta prasaMga meM bhI 'darzanazAstra' zabda kA artha ativyApaka hai, jisameM tattvamImAMsA (Metaphysics), jJAnamImAMsA (Epistemology), AcArazAstra (nItizAstra/Ethics) tathA nyAyazAstra Adi sabhI samAhita haiN| ___ darzanazAstra kA viSaya mUlataH saiddhAntika jJAna se jur3A huA hai| isameM padArthoM kI vAstavikatA kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai| saMsAra kyA hai? isameM manuSya kA kyA sthAna hai? sukha-duHkha kyA haiM? inake kAraNa kyA haiM? duHkhoM se mukti evaM parama tattva kI prApti kaise ho sakatI hai? ityAdi praznoM ke samAdhAna prApta hote haiN| vastutaH viziSTa tAttvika satyoM kA yuktiyukta jJAna 'darzana' kahalAtA hai, jo kisI kI mAnyatA yA zraddhA kA viSaya banatA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra, "vijJAna kI tulanA meM darzana kA apanA alaga vaiziSTya hotA hai| kisI sImita bhAga ke vyavasthita adhyayana ko vijJAna (Science) kahate haiM, lekina jaba adhyayana kI dRSTi vyApaka hotI hai aura mUla (Root) taka pahu~catI hai, taba vaha darzana kahalAtI hai| jahA~ taka AcArazAstra kA savAla hai, isakA viSaya jIvana-vyavahAra se jur3A huA hai| yaha Adarza-mUlaka hai, kyoMki yaha jIvana ke naitika AdarzoM kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai evaM kartavyoM kA bodha karAtA hai| jIvana kaise jInA cAhie? hamArI jIvanazailI meM kyA doSa haiM? kahIM naitika maryAdAoM kA ullaMghana to nahIM ho rahA hai? ityAdi praznoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA AcArazAstra kA viSaya hai| isa 91 adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #154
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prakAra AcArazAstra kA sambandha dainika jIvana-vyavahAra se hai| vastutaH, yaha darzanazAstra kA hI prAyogika (Practical) aMga hotA hai, jo ucita-anucita kA bodha karAtA hai| darzana evaM AcAra kA yugala ThIka usI taraha hai, jisa taraha kAnUna kI bhASA meM Law and Order, prabandhana kI bhASA meM Planning and Implementation, vijJAna kI bhASA meM Theory and Practical athavA Principle and Practice haiN| jIvana ke kSetra meM darzana evaM AcAra - ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga bahulatA se hotA hai| eka sAmAnya vyakti kI bhASA meM inheM 'vicAra' evaM 'vyavahAra' yAni Thought and Behaviour bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha socanA galata hogA ki darzanazAstra evaM AcArazAstra kA manuSya-jIvana se koI sambandha nahIM hai| vastutaH, manuSya eka vivekazIla prANI isIlie kahalAtA hai, kyoMki vaha apane jIvana kI pratyeka pravRtti meM darzana (vicAra) evaM AcAra (vyavahAra) kA prayoga karane meM samartha hai| pazuoM meM isa yogyatA kA abhAva hotA hai, jisake kAraNa ve AhAra, bhaya, maithuna evaM nidrA jaisI mUla-pravRttiyoM se Upara hI nahIM uTha paate|' __ darzana evaM AcAra na kevala manuSya-jIvana se sambandhita haiM, apitu ye paraspara bhI sambandhita haiM, yadyapi nAmakaraNa kI dRSTi se inameM bhinnatA avazya hai, tathApi viSaya-vastu ke AdhAra para inake bIca vibhAjana-rekhA khIMca pAnA AsAna nahIM hai| vastutaH, ye donoM paraspara eka-dUsare se guMthe hue haiN| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra - jaba hama eka kI gaharAI meM praveza karate haiM, to nizcita hI sImA kA ullaMghana karake dUsare meM hameM praveza karanA hotA hai| unake anusAra, jaba taka hameM darzana ke dvArA sat (vastu) ke svarUpa kA bodha nahIM hotA, taba taka hameM AcaraNa kA samyak mUlyAMkana bhI nahIM ho paataa| jIvana ke samyak AcAra kA nirdhAraNa karane ke pUrva vizva ke yathArtha svarUpa kA bodha honA Avazyaka hai| yahI vaha bindu hai, jahA~ darzana evaM AcAra paraspara milate haiN| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki darzana evaM AcAra ko eka-dUsare se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki ye donoM eka-dUsare se atinikaTa haiN| jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra ke saha-sambandha kI vyAkhyA ke do AdhAra haiM - 1) bheda dRSTi 2) abheda dRSTi bheda dRSTi ke anusAra, darzana evaM AcArazAstroM kA paraspara AdhAra-Adheya sambandha hai| darzana vastu-svarUpa para vicAra karatA hai, to AcAra jIvana-vyavahAra ke AdarzoM/mUlyoM kA vicAra karatA hai| darzana 'kyA hai' ko sUcita karatA hai, to AcAra 'kyA honA cAhie' ko pratipAdita karatA hai| isa prakAra, AcArazAstra darzanazAstra para avalambita hai| mUlataH darzanazAstra vyApaka hai evaM AcArazAstra usameM vyApya hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne bhI kahA hai ki sabhI AcArazAstra kisI na kisI dArzanika siddhAnta para Azrita avazya hote haiN| jainadRSTi bhI isa bAta para sahamata hai ki samyagdarzana hI samyakcAritra kA jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #155
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AdhAra hai| vyakti ke vyaktitva kI pahacAna bhale hI usake AcAra se hotI ho, kintu usake AcAra kA AdhAra usakA dRSTikoNa yA mAnyatA hotI hai| vastutaH, jIvana aura jagat ke prati yaha dRSTikoNa hI darzana kahalAtA hai| yadi darzana yA dRSTikoNa sahI nahIM hai, to AcAra bhI sahI nahIM ho sktaa| kahA bhI gayA hai - dasaNabhaTThA bhaTThA, daMsaNabhaTThassa patthi NivvANaM / sijjhaMti cariyAbhaTThA, daMsaNabhaTThA Na sijjhNti|| arthAt jo AtmA darzana se bhraSTa hotI hai, vaha nizcita rUpa se bhraSTa hai, usakA nirvANa (mokSa) bhI nahIM hotaa| bhale hI, eka bAra cAritra se bhraSTa AtmA siddhAvasthA kI prApti kara sakatI hai, kintu darzana se bhraSTa AtmA kabhI nhiiN| abheda dRSTi ke AdhAra para darzana evaM AcArazAstroM meM tAdAtmya hai, donoM eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki darzana hI AcAra hai evaM AcAra hI darzana hai| donoM ekarUpa haiM, alaga-alaga nhiiN| jainadRSTi kA bhI yahI abhimata hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra - "jaina dArzanikoM ne darzana evaM AcAra ko alaga-alaga dekhA avazya hai, kintu alaga-alaga kiyA nhiiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki ye eka-dUsare se itane adhika ekameka haiM ki inheM alaga kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa|11 'samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH' yaha sUtra isI bAta kI puSTi karatA hai ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kI ekatA (abhedatA) hI mokSamArga hai| yahA~ darzana evaM AcAra kI ekatA kA svara gUMjA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI jaba-jaba 'sammattadaMsI13 zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, taba-taba vaha aise sAdhaka kI ora izArA karatA hai, jo samyagdRSTi se sampanna samyagdRSTA hai| yahA~ samyagdarzana evaM samyakcAritra kA ekIkRta rUpa hI 'sammattadaMsI' kA svarUpa hai| isa prakAra, darzana evaM AcAra kA abheda sambandha hai| =====< >===== 93 adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #156
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2.2 jainaAcAramImAMsA kA uddezya ___ jagat meM koI bhI pravRtti niSprayojana nahIM hotI hai| kahA bhI jAtA hai - 'prayojanaM vinA mando'pi na pravartate' arthAt uddezya ke binA sAmAnya vyakti bhI kArya meM pravRtta nahIM hotaa| ataH prazna uThatA hai ki jainaAcAramImAMsA kA uddezya kyA hai? jainaAcAramImAMsA kA mukhya uddezya vyakti ke jIvana ko samyak banAnA hai arthAt vyakti kI jIvanazailI kA samyak prabandhana karanA hai| jJAnamImAMsA evaM tattvamImAMsA jIvana ke saiddhAntika-pakSoM kA nirdeza detI hai, jabaki AcAramImAMsA jIvana ke prAyogika-pakSoM ko pratipAdita karatI hai| AcAramImAMsA vyakti kI jIvanazailI ko AdhAra banAkara jIvanopayogI AcaraNa kA pathapradarzana karatI hai| isase jainadarzana meM saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika pakSoM kA samanvaya evaM santulana ho jAtA hai| ____ manuSya ke samakSa apane sAdhya (Goal) evaM sAdhana (Means) ke bAre meM aspaSTatA hotI hai, jise spaSTa karanA jainaAcAramImAMsA kA prAthamika uddezya hai| manuSya yaha vicAra karatA hai ki vaha kauna hai, kahA~ se AyA hai, usake jIvana kA uddezya kyA hai aura usa uddezya kI prApti kaise kI jA sakatI hai| vaha yaha cintana bhI karatA hai ki vaha kaise cale, kaise khar3e rahe, kaise baiThe, kaise bhojana kare, kaise bole aura kaise soe ityaadi| ye sabhI prazna vyakti ke jIvana-prabandhana se sambandhita haiM, jinakA samAdhAna denA jainaAcAramImAMsA kA uddezya hai| ullekhanIya hai ki ye samAdhAna hI vyakti ko ucita lakSya evaM usakI prApti ke ucita mArga se jor3ate haiN| __ jainaAcAramImAMsA jIvana ke anantara (Short Term) evaM parampara (Long Term) donoM prakAra ke sAdhyoM ko nirdezita karatI hai| jahA~ isakA uddezya 'parampara-sAdhya' ke rUpa meM mokSadazA ko prApta karAnA hai, vahIM 'anantara-sAdhya' ke rUpa meM vartamAna jIvana ko tanAva-mukta banAkara sukha, zAnti evaM Ananda kI prApti karAnA hai|" ___ manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai| sAmAjika ikAI ke rUpa meM vaha samAja meM rahatA aura jItA hai, ataH usake sAmane yaha prazna uThatA hai ki usakA sAmAjika vyavahAra kaisA ho? isa prazna kA samyak samAdhAna denA bhI jainaAcAramImAMsA yA jIvanaprabandhanazAstra kA kArya hai| usakA uddezya hai ki jIvana jIne kI aisI praNAlI vikasita ho, jisameM svArtha , parArtha evaM paramArtha kA santulana ho| Azaya yaha hai ki svahita evaM parahita eka-dUsare ke lie bAdhaka na bneN| manuSya sAmAnyatayA bAhya pravRttiyoM ko hI AcAra kA mApadaNDa mAnatA hai| ataeva sarvatra bAhya vyavahAra ko hI sudhArane kI preraNA dI jAtI hai, parantu jainaAcAramImAMsA Abhyantara bhAvoM evaM bAhya vyavahAroM donoM ko pariSkRta karane para samAna bala detI hai| isa prakAra, vyakti ke AcaraNa ko mUla se sudhAranA jainaAcAramImAMsA yA jaina jIvana-prabandhana kA pradhAna uddezya hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 94 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #157
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina AcArazAstra kA lakSya vyakti ke AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika jIvana kA santulita vikAsa karanA hai| jahA~ yaha naitika AdarzoM / mUlyoM kI sarvotkRSTa (paripUrNa) dazArUpa mokSa ko parilakSita karatA hai, vahIM yathArtha ke dharAtala para vyakti ke varttamAna jIvana ko suvyavasthita karane kA mArgadarzana bhI detA hai / isa jagat meM pratyeka prANI kI jIvanazailI apane Apa meM viziSTa (Unique) hotI hai| 20 ataH sabakI ruci, bhAvanA, anubhUti, anukriyA, buddhi, vANI, vyavahAra, kAryazailI ityAdi bhI bhinna-bhinna hotI haiN| isase vyakti kA vyaktitva bar3A jaTila ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM jainaAcArazAstra yA jaina jIvana - prabandhana kA yaha vizeSa dAyitva banatA hai ki vaha bhinna-bhinna stara ke vyaktiyoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna AcAra-vyavahAra kA sApekSika prAvadhAna kre| isI kAraNa jainaAcArazAstra yA jaina jIvanazailI meM vyakti ko apanI bhUmikAnusAra pravRtti karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA I jIvana ke AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika vikAsa hetu jaina jIvana- prabandhana meM anekAneka nirdeza / sUtra die gae haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM 95 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke uddezya vyAvahArika jIvana ke sandarbha meM svastha evaM sphUrtimaya zArIrika vikAsa ke sUtra prAsaMgika evaM prAmANika vANI - saMpreSaNa ke sUtra sAtvika, zuddha evaM supAcya AhAra ke sUtra mana kI zAnti, ekAgratA evaM prasannatA ke sUtra samaya kI sajagatA ke sUtra dharma-vyavahAra (zubhabhAva) ke prati samarpaNa ke sUtra nItimaya dhanopArjana ke sUtra samarasatAmaya pArivArika jIvana ke sUtra vratoM se niyaMtrita vyavahAra ke sUtra paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa ke sUtra vinaya - vivekayukta susaMskAroM ke sUtra AdhyAtmika jIvana ke sandarbha meM samyak sAdhanA ke sUtra icchA-mukti se duHkha - vimukti ke sUtra kaSAya-mukti ke sUtra zubhAzubha bhAvoM se Upara uThane ke sUtra sAkSIbhAva svarUpa meM sthita hone ke sUtra adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana - prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 5
Page #158
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2.3 jaina darzanamImAMsA, AcAramImAMsA evaM jIvana-prabandhana kA saha-sambandha ___ manuSya eka vivekazIla prANI hai, jo sadaiva apane hita-ahita ke bAre meM cintana-manana karatA huA aneka prayatna karatA rahatA hai| inhIM prayatnoM meM jIvana-darzana, jIvana-AcAra evaM jIvana-prabandhana zAmila haiM, jinakA jIvana se atyanta nikaTavartI sambandha hai| jIvana kA mUla uddezya sukha, zAnti evaM Ananda kI prApti karate hue antataH nirAkula vItarAga dazA ko pAnA hai| isa hetu jainAcAryoM ne vyApaka evaM gahana dRSTikoNa se paramatattva kA zodhana kiyA, jise hama 'darzana' kahate haiN| darzana ke AdhAra para prAyogika nItiyoM kA nirmANa bhI kiyA, jisase darzana kA vyAvahArika rUpa prakaTa huA, ise hama 'AcAra' kahate haiN| isI prakAra, dArzanika siddhAntoM ko jAnakara evaM usakI prAyogika-nItiyoM kA nirmANa kara, inake kriyAnvayana kI prakriyA kA nirdhAraNa kiyA, jise hama 'prabandhana' kahate haiN| inheM apanAkara manuSya apane jIvana ko prabandhita karatA huA apane uddezyoM kI prApti kara sakatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jIvana se darzana, AcAra evaM prabandhana kA atyanta karIbI sambandha hai| darzana, AcAra evaM prabandhana - ye tInoM paraspara eka-dUsare meM guMthe hue haiN| yadyapi inake bIca meM vibhAjana-rekhA khIMca pAnA AsAna nahIM hai, phira bhI kAryoM ke AdhAra para inheM isa prakAra se vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1) darzanazAstra - yaha jIvana-prabandhana ke siddhAntoM kA zAstra hai| 2) AcArazAstra - yaha jIvana-prabandhana kI prAyogika nItiyoM kA zAstra hai| 3) prabandhanazAstra - yaha jIvana-prabandhana ke kriyAnvayana ke sUtroM kA zAstra hai| isase spaSTa hai ki darzanazAstra saiddhAntika nItiyoM kA sarjaka hai, AcArazAstra saiddhAntika nItiyoM para AdhArita prAyogika nItiyoM kA nirUpaka hai aura prabandhanazAstra ina prAyogika nItiyoM ke kriyAnvayana kA prarUpaka hai| ina tInoM ko kisI saMsthA ke tIna variSTha adhikAriyoM kI upamA dI jA sakatI hai - Su0515IRROORKER SOHA OM SINESCRBARMANCE 1) darzanazAstra Chairman kArya nIti-nirmAtA 2) AcArazAstra Executive Director kArya-nidezaka 3) prabandhanazAstra Executive Officer kArya-pAlaka RUPIAHarpasaster O HASHA Movies darzanazAstra evaM AcArazAstra yadyapi jIvana se jur3e hue pakSa haiM, phira bhI prabandhanazAstra jIvana ke sarvAdhika nikaTa hai| prabandhanazAstra kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki yaha darzanazAstra evaM AcArazAstra ke dvArA nirdezita nItiyoM ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM arthapUrNa (Meaningful) banAtA hai| isake abhAva meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 96 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #159
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana-lakSya kI prApti asambhava hai aura taba darzanazAstra evaM AcArazAstra kI nItiyA~ bhI nirarthaka siddha ho jAtI haiN| ise hama bhASA-vyAkaraNa kI nimna upamA se bhI samajha sakate haiM kra. zAstra upamA upamA kA prayoga WARRIGATION 1) darzanazAstra akSara ke samAna isakA svatantra upayoga jIvana-vyavahAra meM nahIM hotA hai| 2) AcArazAstra zabda ke samAna inakA upayoga zabdakoSa meM to hotA hai, para bhAvAbhivyakti meM nhiiN| 3) prabandhanazAstra vAkya ke samAna inakA prayoga pratyeka saMpreSaNa meM hotA hai| STERISM SAREERHETASE prabadhanA AcAra AdhAra-Adheya sambandha darzana, AcAra evaM prabandhana ke kAryoM meM eka krama hotA hai aura isa krama ke AdhAra para hI inakA paraspara sambandha banatA hai| vastutaH, jIvana saphalatA darzana AcAra kA AdhAra hotA hai aura AcAra prabandhana kA AdhAra hotA hai| yaha prabandhana hI antataH jIvanalakSya kI prApti kA AdhArastambha bana jAtA hai| yadi darzana evaM AcAra rUpI AdhAra na hoM, to prabandhana nahIM ho sakatA aura yadi prabandhana na ho, to darzana evaM AcAra ko sArthakatA nahIM mila sktii| ataH jIvana-saphalatA ke lie darzana, AcAra evaM | darzana prabandhana kA kramika AdhAra-Adheya sambandha honA Avazyaka hai| * vyApya-vyApaka sambandha ina tInoM ke bIca paraspara vyApya-vyApaka sambandha bhI hai, -darzanazAstra jahA~ AcArazAstra darzanazAstra kA eka aMga hai, vahIM prabandhanazAstra prabaMdhanazAstra AcArazAstra kA eka vibhAga hai| isa apekSA se darzanazAstra kA kArya kSetra ativistRta hai, jisameM AcArazAstra evaM prabandhanazAstra donoM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| yadyapi AcArazAstra kA kSetra darzanazAstra kI tulanA meM kama vistRta hai, tathApi prabandhanazAstra kA samAveza isameM ho jAtA hai| sAmAnya-vizeSa sambandha sAmAnya (General) evaM vizeSa (Specific) ke AdhAra para bhI ina tInoM ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ darzanazAstra pUrNatayA 'sAmAnya' kA vivecana karatA hai, vahIM AcArazAstra evaM prabandhanazAstra 'vizeSa' ko bhI prakAzita karate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArazAstra aura prabandhanazAstra meM AcArya, upAdhyAya, zramaNa-zramaNI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA Adi vyaktivizeSa yA padavizeSa ke AdhAra para bhinna-bhinna AcAra niyamoM kA nirdezana kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM meM bhI prabandhanazAstra apekSAkRta adhika 'vizeSa' hotA hai| adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana AcArazAstra For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #160
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uparyukta carcA meM ina tInoM zAstroM kA vizleSaNAtmaka (bheda) sambandha prastuta kiyA gayA hai, parantu yadi saMzleSaNAtmaka (abheda) dRSTi se inake pArasparika sambandha kA adhyayana kiyA jAe, to eka nUtana niSkarSa prApta hotA hai, vaha yaha hai ki ye tInoM paraspara ekarUpa hI haiN| inameM aTUTa, abhinna evaM sArvakAlika sambandha hai| isa bAta kI puSTi taba hotI hai, jaba hama gaharAI se inameM praveza karate haiN| vAstava meM inameM kevala samajhane ke lie bheda kiyA jAtA hai, yathArtha meM ye tInoM abheda hI haiN| ina tInoM kI ekatA hI jIvana ke lakSyoM kI prApti kA mArga hai| Azaya yaha hai ki mUlataH darzanazAstra, AcArazAstra evaM prabandhanazAstra tInoM meM ekatva hai aura isa ekatva ke dvArA hI jIvana kA samyak prabandhana sambhava hai| 2.3.1 jainaAcAramImAMsA evaM jIvana-prabandhana ke saha-sambandha ko sunizcita karane vAle katipaya bindu jIvana-prabandhana ke antargata jIvana ke paramalakSya evaM usake mArga ke nirdhAraNa ko lekara aneka prazna khar3e ho jAte haiM, jinakA nirAkaraNa jainaAcAramImAMsA ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| vastutaH, jainaAcAramImAMsA jIvana-prabandhana ke kSetra meM nimnalikhita nirdeza detI hai - (1) sAdhya evaM usake sAdhana kA nirdeza jIvana-prabandhana kA maulika prazna hai ki jIvana kA Adarza yA paramasAdhya kyA hai tathA usakI upalabdhi kA samyak mArga kyA hai? kyA jaise-taise jIvana nirvAha karanA hI jIvana-lakSya hai yA jIvana kA koI mahAn yA vyApaka Adarza bhI hai? yadi hai, to vaha kyA hai? ina samasta praznoM ke uttara jAne binA jIvana-prabandhana kI samyak nIMva nahIM DAlI jA sktii| inake samyak nirAkaraNa kI prApti jainaAcAramImAMsA se hotI hai| AcArya vaTTakera ke anusAra, 'jinazAsana meM kevala do hI bAteM batAI gaI haiM - mArga (sAdhanA-patha) evaM mArga kA phala (sAdhanA kA aadrsh)|22 AcArya bhadrabAhu ne spaSTa kahA hai ki lakSya se vihIna sAdhaka vikAroM para vijaya prApta nahIM kara sakatA arthAt jIvana kA samyak prabandhana nahIM kara sktaa| aise sAdhaka kI sthiti usa andhe vyakti ke samAna hai, jo cAhe kitanA bhI bahAdura ho, parantu zatru sainya ko parAjita nahIM kara sktaa| sarvArthasiddhikAra ne bhI TIkA ke prArambha meM kahA hai ki 'maiM mokSamArga ke praNetA, karmarUpI parvatoM ko bhedane vAle tathA vizva ke tattvoM ko jAnane vAle arihanta paramAtmA ko, unake samAna guNoM kI prApti ke uddezya se vandana karatA huuN|24 Azaya spaSTa hai ki pahale sAdhya nirdhArita honA cAhie, phira usakI prApti ke lie prayatna karanA caahie| isa prakAra, jaina vicArakoM ne lakSya evaM mArga ke nirdhAraNa ko sarvocca prAthamikatA dI hai, jo jIvana ke samyak prabandhana ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 98 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #161
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) jIvana meM ucita - anucita ke prabandhana kA nirdeza jIvana meM pratisamaya koI na koI vyavahAra calatA hI rahatA hai| pratyeka prANI mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRttiyoM meM nirantara saMlagna rahatA hai / parantu AcaraNa ke sabhI rUpa ucita hI hoM, yaha jarurI nahIM hai| aksara vyakti hita-ahita kA viveka kho detA hai aura bArambAra galata AcaraNa kI punarAvRtti karatA rahatA hai| jainadRSTikoNa se dekheM, to jIvana - prabandhana ke lie yaha jIvana-vyavahAra bAdhaka hai, ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki sAdhaka pratyeka pravRtti ko ucitatA evaM anucitatA kI kasauTI para kase aura apane galata AcaraNa ke abhyAsa ko chodd'e| isa hetu vaha sadjJAna evaM sad-abhyAsa para bala de / dazavaikAlika meM kahA gayA hai ki ucita (kalyANakArI) evaM anucita (pApakArI) pravRttiyoM kA samyak vizleSaNa karake jo ucita ho, usakA anusaraNa karanA cAhie / 25 zramaNasUtra meM bhI apane guNa-doSoM kA samyak vizleSaNa karake muni saMkalpa karatA hai| 'maiM ArAdhanA, saMyama, brahmacarya, kalpanIya ( AcAra), jJAna, kriyA, samyaktva evaM sanmArga Adi zubha pravRttiyoM ko grahaNa karatA hU~ tathA virAdhanA, asaMyama, abrahmacarya, akalpanIya (anAcAra), ajJAna, akriyA, mithyAtva evaM kumArga Adi azubha pravRttiyoM kA niSedha karatA isase spaSTa hai ki jaina AcAramImAMsA puNya-pApa, ucita - anucita yA karttavya-akarttavya kA viveka sikhAtI hai" aura yaha bAta jIvana - prabandhana ke lie bhI atimahattvapUrNa hai| , 26 (3) jIvana - vyavahAra ke samyak mUlyAMkana evaM naitika pratimAnoM (Ethical Standards) kA nirdeza jIvana- prabandhana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti apane kutsita vicAroM ko chor3akara vivekayukta ucita naitika AdarzoM ko apanA mAnadaNDa bnaae| sAtha hI vaha apane AcaraNa ko hara samaya taulatA rhe| vaha dekhe ki usakA AcaraNa usake jIvana ke samyak lakSyoM kI dizA meM cala rahA hai athavA nhiiN| isa hetu jIvana - prabandhaka ko jainaAcAradarzana ke sahayoga kI apekSA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM gaNadhara gautama kahate haiM ki 'prajJA (buddhi) ke dvArA dharma kI samIkSA karo, sutarka (yukti) ke dvArA tattva kA vizleSaNa karo aura anta meM dharma-sAdhanoM arthAt jIvana - vyavahAra ( jIvana - prabandhana) ke mArga kA nirNaya kro|' ataH jainaAcArazAstroM ke dvArA vyakti samyak naitika nirNaya kara sakatA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai 'paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA' arthAt pahale jJAna, phira dayA ( AcAra) 129 ,28 (4) sAmAjika niyamoM athavA rIti-rivAjoM kA nirdeza jIvana-prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vyakti sAmAjika-vyavasthA evaM rIti-rivAjoM se bhI avagata rahe / deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke anusAra samAja meM aneka parivartana bhI Ate rahate haiM, kyoMki samAja eka gatyAtmaka saMgaThana (Dynamic Organisation) hai| inameM se kaI parivarttana Age calakara andhavizvAsa, andharUr3hi, ADambara Adi kA rUpa bhI le lete haiM, jo samAja ko aura usakI vyavasthA ko vikRta karate rahate haiM / jIvana - prabandhana ke lie isa prakAra kI vikRtiyoM se dUra rahakara ucita evaM samayAnukUla sAmAjika vyavasthAoM ko apanAnA Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra, samAja meM kaI aise vyaktitva adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana- prabandhana 9 99 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #162
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hote haiM, jo sAmAjika ekatA tathA akhaNDatA ko jor3ane kA nahIM, varan tor3ane kA kArya karate haiN| inheM hama samAja-udAsIna (Socially Neutral) evaM asAmAjika (Antisocial) tattva kahate haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie ina tattvoM se dUra rahanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jainadharma kI AcAra vyavasthA isa hetu vizeSa sahayoga detI hai| isakI dRSTi sAmAjika bhAvanAoM se parAGmukha hone kI nahIM, apitu sAmAjika dAyitvoM kA ucita nirvAha karane kI hai| isameM vividha parva-paramparAoM ke mAdhyama se sAtvika sAmAjika cetanA ko jAgrata karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya evaM parigraha ko pApakArI pravRttiyA~ batAyA gayA hai, jo sAmAjika vyavasthA ko vikArI banAtI haiN| kusaMgati evaM satsaMgati kA bheda spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'sAdhaka ko sadaiva kalyANakArI mitra kA hI sAtha karanA caahie| yaha bhI kahA hai ki 'durjana yA akalyANakArI mitra kI saMgati karane se sajjana bhI nizcaya hI apane guNoM se rahita ho jAtA hai| yaha ThIka usI taraha hotA hai, jisa taraha agni ke saMyoga se jala bhI apane zItala svabhAva ko kho detA hai| 31 jainaAcArazAstra meM varNita hai ki maitrI, pramoda, karuNA evaM mAdhyastha kI bhAvanAe~ hI sAmAjika saMgaThana ko majabUtI pradAna karatI haiN| kahA bhI gayA hai? - satveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyasthabhAvaM viparItavRttau, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu dev|| (5) pada ke anurUpa apane kartavyoM kA pAlana karane kA nirdeza ___vyakti vyakti bhI hotA hai aura samAja bhii| use apane jIvana meM aneka padoM ko sambhAlanA hotA hai, jaise - vaha kabhI putra kI bhUmikA meM hotA hai, to kabhI pitA kI, kabhI kAryakartA kI bhUmikA meM hotA hai, to kabhI atithi kI, kabhI svAmI kI bhUmikA meM hotA hai, to kabhI sevaka kI ityaadi| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti apanI bhUmikA yA stara ke anurUpa apane kartavyoM kA ucita pAlana kre| jIvana-prabandhana ke antargata ise bhUmikA-prabandhana (Role Management) kahA jAtA hai| jaina-vicArakoM ne AcArazAstroM ke dvArA bhUmikA prabandhana ke ucita nirdeza die haiN| jaina-paramparA meM AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu evaM zrAvaka ke na kevala bhinna-bhinna stara batAe gae haiM, apitu inake kAryoM meM bhI ucita vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| jaina-vicArakoM ne utsarga evaM apavAda kI vyavasthA bhI isI uddezya se kI hai| kisI bhUmikA meM kisI apavAda kA sevana karane kI chUTa dI hai, to kisI anya bhUmikA meM usI apavAda kA niSedha bhI kiyA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne ucita samaya evaM paristhiti meM ucita bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate hue ucita karttavyoM ko nibhAne kI cetanA jagAne kA nirdeza diyA hai| yaha jIvana ke samyak prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka hai| 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 100 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #163
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) vibhinna naitika mAnyatAoM kI samyak samIkSA karane kA nirdeza sAmAnya vyakti meM jJAna kI apUrNatA hone se paramArtha ke ucita svarUpa kA nirNaya kara pAnA atikaThina ho jAtA hai| isase aneka anaitika mAnyatAoM kI bhI sthApanA ho jAtI hai| vyakti ke samakSa yaha samasyA utpanna ho jAtI hai ki vaha kise sahI kahe aura kise glt| vaha nirNaya nahIM kara pAtA hai ki kauna-sA jIvana-vyavahAra ucita hai aura kauna-sA anucita, vaha kise zubha (naitika) kahe aura kise azubha (anaitika)? nItizAstra meM naitika pratimAnoM (Ethical Standards) ke aneka siddhAnta haiN| inameM se koI 'niyama' ko, to koI 'sukha' ko naitika pramApaka kahatA hai| isI prakAra koI 'AtmapUrNatA' ko, to koI 'mUlya' ko naitikatA kA buniyAdI mApadaNDa mAnatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie yaha jarurI hai ki vyakti AcArazAstra ke dvArA nirdiSTa vibhinna naitika pratimAnoM kA vyavasthita adhyayana kare evaM unake guNa-doSoM kI ucita samIkSA karake samyaka nirNaya le| isa dizA meM jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi ativyApaka hai| inhoMne anekAnta-dRSTi se jIvana-vyavahAroM kI samIkSA kI hai, sApekSavAda ke AdhAra para vividha jIvana-prabandhana sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko kasauTI para kasA hai evaM apakSapAta-buddhi se deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke anurUpa naitika viveka kI cetanA ko jAgrata karane kA digdarzana diyA hai| (7) jIvana ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke ucita prabandhana kA nirdeza ___ jIvana-prabandhana kI mUlabhUta AvazyakatA hai ki vyakti jIvana-yApana ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana-nirmANa ke uddezya kI pUrti bhI kre| isa hetu jainaAcAramImAMsA meM upayogI nirdeza die gae haiN| jaina-vicArakoM ne jIvana-yApana ke prayatnoM ko nakArA nahIM hai, kintu unheM AvazyakatAnusAra hI karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki inhoMne jIvana-vyavahAra meM bhogoM se nivRtti evaM artha ke alpIkaraNa kI zikSA sadaiva dI hai| sAtha hI dAna, zIla, tapa evaM bhAvanA rUpa dharma prayatnoM ko bar3hAte hue paramapada mokSa ko pAne kI preraNA bhI dI hai| isI prakAra jIvana meM Ananda kI nirantara vRddhi ho, isa hetu AvazyakatAoM (icchAoM) para aMkuza lagAne kI hita zikSA bhI dI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM jIvana ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke prabandhana ke upAya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'sAdhaka ko jIvana meM asatpravRttiyoM se nivRtta hote hue satpravRttiyoM meM saMlIna honA caahie| isa prakAra, yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainaAcAramImAMsA evaM jIvana-prabandhana ke madhya gaharA sambandha hai| vyakti ke jIvana-vyavahAra ko prabandhita karane ke lie jainaAcAramImAMsA atyanta hitakArI hai| ise AdhAra banAkara vyakti jIvana-prabandhana kI samyak dazA ko jIvana meM avazya prApta kara sakatA hai| isI se jainaAcArazAstra evaM jIvana-prabandhana kA sahasambandha siddha hotA hai| =====4.>===== 101 adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #164
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2.4 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke mukhya tattva mAnava-jIvana anekAneka samasyAoM se yukta hai| pratyeka mAnava ina samasyAoM se mukta honA cAhatA hai, kintu jIvana ke samyak prabandhana ke abhAva meM yaha sambhava nahIM ho paataa| jainaAcArazAstroM meM aise aneka tattva bhare haiM, jinake Azraya se mAnava apanI samasyAoM se mukti pA sakatA hai| vaha apane jIvana ko Ananda evaM prasannatA se sarAbora kara sakatA hai| ise hI jIvana-prabandhana kI Adarza sthiti kahI jA sakatI hai| 2.4.1 mAnavIya jIvana kI samasyAe~ jIvana-prabandhana-zAstra kA lakSya usa mArga kA pratipAdana karanA hai, jisa para calakara jIvana ke sabhI saMgharSoM kA samAdhAna hokara samatva kI sthApanA ho jaae| parantu mAnavIya jIvana kA aMtaraMga evaM bAhya pariveza nirantara badalatA rahatA hai, jo jIvana ko asantulita aura asta-vyasta kara detA hai| eka ora samAja, parivAra, zarIra, paryAvaraNa Adi bAhya pariveza ke tattva haiM, jo samasyAe~ utpanna karate haiM, to dUsarI ora damita manobhAva, udvega, vAsanA, buddhi Adi aMtaraMga pariveza ke ghaTaka bhI mAnava ko vicalita arthAt tanAvagrasta karate rahate haiN| isase mAnava kA jIvana dvandva evaM saMgharSoM se ghirA rahatA hai, ye saMgharSa tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - 1) Antarika manovRttiyoM kA saMgharSa - yaha saMgharSa do vAsanAoM (Id yA damita-icchAoM) ke madhya, vAsanA aura buddhi (Ego) ke madhya tathA vAsanA evaM bauddhika AdarzoM (Super Ego) ke madhya hotA rahatA hai| 2) Antarika icchAoM evaM bAhya paristhitiyoM kA saMgharSa - yaha saMgharSa vyakti kA vyakti ke sAtha athavA samAja ke sAtha athavA bhautika-paryAvaraNa ke sAtha hotA rahatA hai aura isase vyakti kI jIvana-praNAlI vikRta hotI rahatI hai| 3) bAhya vAtAvaraNa meM hone vAlA saMgharSa - yaha saMgharSa vividha samAjoM evaM rASTroM ke madhya hotA rahatA hai, jisase zAnti, surakSA evaM mAnava-astitva khatare meM par3a jAte haiN| vyakti ina tInoM saMgharSoM se nirantara duHkhI aura santapta rahatA hai, jabaki jainaAcArazAstra paramazAnti evaM AtmapUrNatA kI prApti kA mArga darzAte haiN| kintu kSaNika zAnti bhI jise prApta nahIM ho rahI ho, zAzvat evaM paripUrNa zAnti kI bAta usake gale kaise utara sakatI hai? vyakti ko jaina-vicArakoM kI ye bAteM kevala kAlpanika hI lagatI haiM, vaha inheM sukhada svapna ke samAna mAna letA hai| isa prakAra, jIvana-saMgharSoM se chaTapaTAtA huA vaha azAnta evaM nirAzAmaya jIvana bitAtA rahatA hai| ___ bhale hI vyakti duHkhI hokara jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, lekina use sukha-zAnti kI cAha sadaiva banI rahatI hai| dazavaikAlika meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki 'sabhI jIvoM ko sukha priya hai, ve duHkhoM se dUra rahanA cAhate haiN| vastutaH, jaina-vicArakoM kI dRSTi bauddhika-vilAsa yA kalpanA nahIM hai, varan eka 12 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 102 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #165
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anubhUta satya hai| vyakti cAhe to inake dvArA nirdiSTa jIvana-sUtroM ko samyaktayA apanAkara apanI jIvana - samasyAoM ko hala kara sakatA hai| ise hama eka udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se samajha sakate haiN| - 2.4.2 samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie eka udAharaNa " jaba hama gaNita ke viSaya kA adhyayana karate haiM, taba gaNita kI pustaka meM mukhyatayA do cIjeM prazna (Problem) evaM uttara (Result ) / hotI haiM prazna / Problem In the book At the end of the book pratyeka vidyArthI kA lakSya hotA hai ki vaha prApta prazna kA ucita hala kre| isa hetu use yogya zikSaka ke sahayoga kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| zikSaka use pustaka kA AdyopAnta adhyayana karAte haiM aura vaha ucita DhaMga se par3ha-samajhakara apane lakSya ko pA letA hai / zikSaka vidyArthI ko pustaka meM nimna bAteM samajhAtA 1) sUtroM kI siddhi (Derivation of Formula) 2 ) sUtra (Formula) 3) sUtra - prayoga sIkhane hetu udAharaNa (Solved Example to learn the approach) 4) praznamAlA (Problem for practice) 5) uttaramAlA (Result) uttara/ Result inheM samajhakara vidyArthI ucita DhaMga se hara samasyA kA hala nikAla letA hai aura kramazaH eka dina gaNita viSaya kA vizeSajJa bana jAtA hai I uparyukta binduoM meM, Derivation of Formula (sUtra kI siddhi) kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai, yaha prakriyA vidyArthI meM sUtra kI prAmANikatA ke prati eka AtmavizvAsa jAgrata karatI hai, aba vaha sUtra kI ucitatA ke nirdhAraNa ke lie kisI para nirbhara nahIM rahatA hai, anyathA dUsaroM para nirbhara rahakara vidyArthI bhUlavaza galata sUtra ko bhI sahI mAna sakatA thaa| isI prakAra, Formula ( sUtra ) kI apanI upayogitA hai| binA sUtra ke kisI bhI savAla kA javAba khojanA asambhava hai| sUtra kA ucita prayoga sIkhane ke lie Solved Example (udAharaNa) ke mahattva ko bhI nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| ise samajhane ke pazcAt vidyArthI meM Unsolved Problems ke samAdhAna bhI khoja nikAlane kA AtmavizvAsa jAgrata ho jAtA hai| zeSa donoM bindu Problems & Results kA mahattva sirpha vidyAlayIna parIkSA uttIrNa karane ke lie hI nahIM hotA, varan jIvana meM Ane vAlI pratyeka parIkSA meM inakI upayogitA siddha hotI hai / vidyArthI jitane adhika Problems hala karatA adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana- prabandhana 103 For Personal & Private Use Only 13
Page #166
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai, utanI hI vizeSajJatA (Specialization) bhI prApta karate jAtA hai| yahI vizeSajJatA usakI jIvana-saphalatA kA AdhAra bana jAtI hai| yahI prakriyA jIvana-saMgharSoM kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna pAne ke lie bhI Avazyaka hai| vastutaH, Atmika-zAnti koI asambhava kArya nahIM hai, apitu jIvana meM ucita sUtroM ke ucita prayoga kA pariNAma hai| uparyukta vidyArthI ke samAna jIvana-prabandhaka bhI jainaAcArazAstroM ke AdhAra para jIvana ke saMgharSoM (Problems) ko hala karake AnandadAyI samAdhAnoM (Solutions) kI prApti kara sakatA hai| ina samAdhAnoM ke lie kaisI prakriyA apanAI jAe, ise nimna rekhAcitra ke mAdhyama se samajhA jA sakatA hai| Right method-Right resultProblem solved Right formula No approach No Result Problem remains as it is Wrong method thod Life Problem Right method Wrong result Problem either remains as it is or sometimes become severe Wrong formula Wrong method T LNo approach--No Result/Problem remains as it is kisI bhI savAla ko hala karane kI prakriyA meM nimnalikhita vikalpa (Options) ho sakate haiM - 1) na galata sUtra kA prayoga karanA aura na sahI sUtra kaa| 2) galata sUtra kA prayoga, galata athavA sahI paddhati se krnaa| 3) sahI evaM vizvasanIya sUtra kA prayoga, galata paddhati se krnaa| 4) sahI evaM vizvasanIya sUtra kA prayoga, sahI paddhati se krnaa| samasyA kA samyak samAdhAna sirpha cauthe vikalpa se hI prApta ho sakatA hai arthAt samAdhAna ke lie sahI sUtra (Derived Formula) evaM sahI paddhati (Right Method) - donoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| zeSa tInoM vikalpoM se samasyA jyoM kI tyoM banI rahatI hai, kabhI-kabhI to inase naI samasyAoM kI utpatti bhI ho jAtI hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 104 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #167
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yahA~ eka bAta aura vicAraNIya hai ki samAdhAna kI prApti ke lie sirpha sUtra hI paryApta nahIM hai, varan paddhati kA bhI apanA mahattva hai| sUtra ke bAre meM kahA jA sakatA hai - It is necessary, but not sufficient kula milAkara, samyak sUtra ke sAtha samyak paddhati hI samyak samAdhAna kI jananI hai| jIvana ke sandarbha meM uparyukta carcA kA viziSTa mahattva hai, kyoMki yadi hama jainaAcAramImAMsA ke sUtroM yA tattvoM kA samyaktayA prayoga kareM, to jIvana meM sahI phala kI prApti ho sakatI hai| 2.4.3 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke mukhya tattva jainaAcAramImAMsA prAcIna evaM prAmANika hai, isake siddhAnta vyApaka evaM jIvanasparzI haiM, yaha jaTila se jaTila viSayoM kA sUkSmatA ke sAtha vivecana karatI hai| yaha jIvana-prabandhana ke kSetra meM jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA, pravRtti, pariNati, vyavahAra, bhAvanA evaM gatividhi kA samIkSaNa, saMzodhana evaM udAttIkaraNa karatI hai| mUlatayA jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM 'AcAra' zabda apane vyApaka artha meM sampUrNa mAnavIya vyavahAroM (kriyAkalApoM) ko prastuta karatA hai| isameM niHzeSa rUpa se jIvana kI sabhI kriyAe~ (Actions) samAhita ho jAtI haiN| jIvana meM ye kriyAe~ satata calatI rahatI haiM aura isIlie AcaraNa kA krama sadaiva banA rahatA hai| AcaraNa sadaiva bane rahane ke bAvajUda bhI pratisamaya parivartita hotA rahatA hai| isakA mUla kAraNa hai ki pariveza meM nihita tattva jIvana ke santulana ko nirantara bhaMga karate rahate haiM, jise punaH sthApita karane ke lie jIvana ko kriyAzIla honA par3atA hai aura yaha kriyAzIlatA hI AcAra hai| ataH merI dRSTi meM, AcAra kA prabandhana hI jIvana kA prabandhana hai| isa apekSA se jIvana-prabandhana aura kucha nahIM, balki jIvanazailI ko santulita karane kI prakriyA hai| jaina-AgamoM kA paryAlocana karane para vividha dRSTiyoM se AcAra ke bheda-prabheda prApta hote haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM - 1) AcAra ke do prakAra - zruta dharma evaM cAritra dharma / 2) AcAra ke tIna prakAra - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM smykcaaritr| 3) AcAra ke cAra prakAra - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra evaM smyktp|45 4) AcAra ke pA~ca prakAra - jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM viiryaacaar| saMkhyA kA bheda hone para bhI saiddhAntika-dRSTi se inameM kucha bhI antara nahIM hai, kevala vibhinna tarIkoM se AcAra ko samajhAne ke lie bhedoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| inameM se kisakA kisameM samAveza hotA hai, isakA spaSTIkaraNa nimna cArTa ke mAdhyama se hotA hai - 105 adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #168
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dvividha bheda trividha bheda samyagjJAna samyagdarzana caturvidha bheda samyagjJAna samyagdarzana paMcavidha bheda jJAnAcAra darzanAcAra cAritrAcAra tapAcAra vIryAcAra (1) jJAnAcAra AcAra kA sabase prathama bheda jJAnAcAra hai| jJAnAcAra kA sambandha jJAna se hai| jainAcAryoM ne jJAna ko AtmA kA sabase pramukha guNa mAnA hai, yaha bhI mAnA hai ki isI se cetanA (AtmA) parilakSita hotI hai| 17 Ama jIvana meM bhI mRtaka kI pahacAna isI AdhAra para hotI hai ki usameM jJAnazakti yA saMvedana zakti hai athavA nhiiN| jJAnazakti ke abhAva meM prANI ko mRta ghoSita kara diyA jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne jJAna ke aneka dharma (kArya) batAe haiM jAnanA, cintana karanA, manana karanA, nirNaya karanA, smaraNa karanA, vicAra karanA, heya - jJeya - upAdeya kA vizleSaNa karanA, ucita-anucita kA viveka honA ityAdi / ina vividha prakAra ke jJAna kI jIvana- prabandhana meM ahama bhUmikA ko jainAcAryoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai aura jJAna kI prApti evaM usake prayoga ke bAre meM aneka mahattvapUrNa sUtra die haiM, 48 jaise - -- AcAra sampUrNa mAnavIya vyavahAra yA kriyAkalApa zruta dharma cAritra dharma - samyakacAritra 16 samyaka cAritra 1) ucita samaya para adhyayana Adi karanA / 2) mana, vacana evaM kAyA se jJAnadAtA evaM jJAnopakaraNa ke prati vinamra rahanA / 3) antarmana se jJAna ke prati anurAga rakhanA evaM jJAnadAtA Adi kA satkAra karanA / 4) jJAnArjana ke samaya vividha prakAra ke tapAdi karanA arthAt anAvazyaka kAryoM se nivRtti lekara ekamAtra jJAnArjana meM hI tallIna rahanA / 5) jJAnadAtA guru evaM zAstra kA nAma nahIM chipAnA arthAt prApta jJAna kA prayoga apanI ahaMpuSTi ke lie nahIM karanA / 6) jJAnArjana ke samaya varNa, pada evaM vAkyoM kA zuddhipUrvaka paThana karanA / 7) jJAnadAtA guru evaM zAstra ke abhiprAya ko anekAntadRSTi se bhalIbhA~ti samajhanA ityaadi| samyaktapa jIvana-prabandhana ke lie sAdhaka ko na kevala jJAna kI prApti karanI hotI hai, apitu usakA prayoga bhI jIvana-vyavahAra meM karanA hotA hai| ina donoM pravRttiyoM kA samAveza jJAnAcAra meM ho jAtA hai| jJAnAcAra ke antargata jIvana- prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha sarvaprathama usa viSaya kA samyak cayana kare, jisakA use jJAnArjana karanA hai| isa hetu vaha yogya gurujanoM evaM zAstroM kA Alambana le / satsamAgama ke pUrva apanI cAritrika arhatA kA bhI vikAsa kre| Azaya yaha hai ki vaha jJAnArjana prArambha jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 106
Page #169
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karane ke pUrva cAritrAcAra sambandhI prAthamika zuddhi kre| jainAcAryoM ne vyasanamukta jIvana, bhakSya-abhakSya viveka, kalpya-akalpya (upayukta-anupayukta) viveka, mandakaSAyIpanA, ApasI vyavahAra meM sAmaMjasya Adi guNoM se yukta sAdhaka ko jJAnArjana ke lie yogya pAtra mAnA hai| kadAcit jJAnArjana ke pUrva ye sudhAra na bhI hoM, to bhI jJAnArjana karate hue ina guNoM kI prApti zIghratA se kara lenI caahie| jIvana-prabandhaka ko yaha bhI cAhie ki vaha jJAna dene vAle gurujanoM evaM zAstroM ke prati vinaya evaM samarpaNa rakhe, viSaya ke adhyayana meM viveka rakhe, syAdvAda zailI (sApekSa dRSTikoNa) se jIvana-siddhAntoM ko smjhe| vaha ekAnta-pakSa kA grahaNa na kare evaM jIvana-vyavahAroM kA anekAntasvarUpa se nirNaya kre| vaha viSaya kA adhyayana gahanatA evaM vyApakatA ke sAtha kre| vaha samajhe ki anya vyaktiyoM kI viSaya ke bAre meM kyA avadhAraNAe~ haiM? usakI aura anya vyaktiyoM kI vicAradhArAoM meM kyA antara hai? isa antara kA kitanA mahattva hai? isa antara se jIvana meM kitanI nakArAtmakatA hai aura kitanI sakArAtmakatA? jIvana ke nakArAtmaka pakSoM ko haTAne ke lie kyA samAdhAna hai? jainaAcArazAstra kI inameM kyA upayogitA hai aura jainaAcAra kA jIvana meM kaise prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai? ityAdi praznoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie vaha bArambAra cintana-manana kare tathA AvazyakatAnusAra dUsaroM se sahayoga le| isa prakriyA se prApta nirNaya hI darzanAcAra ke lie AdhAra bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra jJAnAcAra jIvana-prabandhana ke lie atyupayogI hai| (2) darzanAcAra - AcAra kA dvitIya bheda darzanAcAra hai| isakA sambandha darzana sambandhI AcAra-vyavahAra se hai| darzana ke vyAvahArika dRSTi se aneka artha hote haiM - dRSTikoNa, siddhAnta, zraddhA, AsthA, pratIti, vizvAsa, abhiprAya aadi| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, darzana AtmA kA kArya hai, na ki zarIra Adi kaa| darzana jaba sakArAtmaka dRSTi se yukta hotA hai, taba yaha jIvana-prabandhana meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha karatA hai| prAthamika stara para yaha darzana jIvana-prabandhaka ke bhItara gurujanoM Adi (sudeva-suguru-saddharma) ke prati zraddhA karAtA hai, jisase jJAnAcAra Adi anya AcAroM kI prAthamika zuddhi AsAna ho jAtI hai| sAdhaka anusaraNAtmaka paddhati (Followership) se gurujanoM kI AjJA kA pUrNa niSThA ke sAtha pAlana karatA hai| 'ANAe dhammo' arthAt gurujanoM Adi kI AjJA ko apanA karaNIya karttavya mAnatA hai| isase vaha zIghra hI satsamAgama meM rahakara apanI pragati kara letA hai| paripakva stara para pahu~cane ke pazcAt jIvana-prabandhaka jJAnAcAra se prApta jJAna kI anubhUtipUrvaka zraddhA karatA hai| vaha satya ke prati pUrNa niSThAvAn ho jAtA hai,52 use apane jIvanalakSya evaM usakI prApti ke mArga para aTala AsthA ho jAtI hai, vaha ucita-anucita kA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie svayaM samartha ho jAtA hai| 107 adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #170
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uparyukta donoM stara ke darzanoM (AsthA) ko utpanna karane evaM jIvana-vyavahAra meM cAritrazuddhi Adi ke lie unakA prayoga karane sambandhI jo vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, vahI darzanAcAra hai| jainAcAryoM ne jIvana-vyavahAra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie darzanAcAra ko nIMva ke patthara ke samAna mAnA hai| jaise nIMva ke binA imArata khar3I nahIM ho sakatI, vaise hI darzana yA dRSTikoNa kI zuddhi ke binA jIvana-prabandhana meM pragati nahIM ho sktii| jainAcAryoM ne darzanazuddhi kA mUlyAMkana karane ke lie upayogI nirdeza bhI die haiM, jaise - 1) jIvana-prabandhaka ko siddhAntoM ke prati sandeharahita honA caahie| 2) usameM nAma, prasiddhi, sammAna Adi kI kAmanA nahIM honI caahie| 3) anya jIvana-prabandhakoM ke kisI amahattvapUrNa durbalapakSa (jaise - zArIrika durbalatA Adi) ko dekhakara use azraddhA nahIM honI caahie| 4) jIvana-prabandhana se vaMcita arthAt asantulita jIvana jIne vAloM ke kisI amahattvapUrNa sabala pakSa (jaise - Rddhi-siddhi Adi) ko dekhakara andhazraddhA nahIM honI caahie| 5) guNIjanoM ke guNoM kI prazaMsA meM utsAhita rahanA cAhie, na ki unake guNoM ko chipAne meN| 6) jIvana-prabandhana se patita ho rahe jIvoM ko punaH sanmArga meM sthira karanA caahie| 7) anya jIvana-prabandhakoM ke prati vAtsalya bhAva rakhanA cAhie, unheM dekhakara pramudita honA cAhie tathA unakA sammAna karanA caahie| 8) jo loga jIvana-prabandhana se vaMcita haiM aura azAMtimaya jIvana vyatIta kara rahe haiM, unheM jIvana-prabandhana ke mArga kI ora prerita karanA caahie| uparyukta guNoM se susajjita jIvana-prabandhaka darzanAcAra ke mAdhyama se eka ora cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM vIryAcAra kA saMvarddhana karatA hai, to dUsarI ora jJAnAcAra se upArjita jJAna kA saMrakSaNa bhI karatA hai| vaha apanI darzanazuddhi ke bala para jIvana-prabandhana ke lakSya kI ora aTala AsthA ke sAtha bar3hatA calA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, darzanAcAra jIvana-prabandhana kA atyAvazyaka aMga hai| (3) cAritrAcAra - AcAra kA tRtIya bheda cAritrAcAra hai| cAritrAcAra kA sambandha jIvana ke AcaraNa-pakSa se hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, AtmA meM AcaraNa karane kI eka viziSTa yogyatA hotI hai, jise cAritra guNa kahate haiN| isI guNa ke bala para zubha (kama), azubha (vikarma) evaM zuddha (akarma) bhAva jIvoM ke dvArA kie jAte haiN| jIvana-prabandhana meM sakArAtmaka AcaraNa kI atyadhika upayogitA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke mArga meM sAdhaka jJAnAcAra se upArjita jJAna evaM darzanAcAra se prApta dRSTi yA zraddhA ke AdhAra para cAritrAMcAra ke prayatnoM ko karatA hai| vaha jJAna evaM darzana ke AdhAra para nirdhArita lakSya evaM usake mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai| vastutaH, jIvana-prabandhana ke lakSya kI ora kadama bar3hAte hue apane AcaraNa kI zuddhi karanA hI cAritrAcAra hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 108 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #171
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ cAritrAcAra ke antargata ve saba prayatna zAmila haiM, jinase usa sAdhaka kI jIvanazailI kA sakArAtmaka vikAsa hotA hai tathA pUrva kamajoriyA~ kramazaH saMkSipta evaM samApta hotI haiN| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, sAdhaka ko bArambAra Avazyaka evaM anAvazyaka kA bheda karanA caahie| use cAhie ki vaha deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para nirNaya karake prayojanabhUta kArya kare evaM aprayojanabhUta kArya kA tyAga kre| isa prakAra, sakArAtmaka cAritra kI cetanA jagAnA hI cAritrAcAra hai| jainAcAryoM ne bhUmikAnusAra cAritra kA pAlana karane kA nirdeza dete hue mUlatayA cAritra ke do bheda kie haiM - ka) zrAvakAcAra evaM kha) shrmnnaacaar|55 zrAvakAcAra ke antargata aMtaraMga bhAvazuddhi ke prayatnoM ke sAtha bAhya meM jIvana-prabandhaka nimna kArya kramazaH karatA hai - 1) saptavyasana kA tyAga ___3) bAraha aNuvratoM kA pAlana58 2) mArgAnusArI ke paiMtIsa guNoM kA grahaNa" 4) gyAraha pratimAoM kA vahana zramaNAcAra ke antargata bhI aMtaraMga bhAvazuddhi ke vizeSa prayatnoM ko karatA huA paripakva jIvana-prabandhaka paMcamahAvratoM,0deg bAraha bhikSupratimAoM,81 aSTapravacanamAtA Adi bAhya AcAroM kA pAlana karatA hai| vastutaH, zrAvaka evaM zramaNa dazA meM cAritrAcAra ke AdhAra para hI bheda hai, na ki jJAnAcAra evaM darzanAcAra ke AdhAra pr| jo zrAvakarUpa meM cAritrAcAra kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha prAthamika jIvana-prabandhaka hai tathA zramaNarUpa meM cAritrAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA paripakva jIvana-prabandhaka hai| ___ cAritrAcAra kA jIvana-prabandhana se atyanta nikaTa kA sambandha hai| jitanA-jitanA aMtaraMga cAritra zuddha hotA hai, utanI-utanI sukha-zAnti kI vRddhi hotI jAtI hai tathA jitanA-jitanA bAhya saMyama bar3hatA hai, utanA-utanA vyAvahArika jIvana suvyavasthita hotA jAtA hai, yahI jIvana-prabandhana kA uddezya hai| (4) tapAcAra - AcAra kA caturtha bheda tapAcAra hai| sAdhya kI prApti ke lie jIvana-prabandhaka ke dvArA jo viziSTa purUSArtha kiyA jAtA hai, vahI tapAcAra hai| jaina-sAdhanA ke anusAra, kevala kAya-kleza karanA athavA upavAsa (laMghana) karanA hI tapa nahIM hai, tapa to AtmavizvAsa ke jAgaraNa kA sUcaka hai| jaba sAmAnya cAritra meM Age bar3hate hue sAdhaka meM jIvana-prabandhana ke lie vizeSa manobala kA vikAsa hotA hai, taba vaha tapAcAra ko apanAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne tapAcAra ke antargata tapa ke mukhyatayA do bheda kie haiM - 1) bAhya tapa evaM 2) Abhyantara tp| jo tapa zarIra-Azrita hotA hai tathA dehAsakti ke tyAga kA pratIka hotA hai, vaha bAhyatapa kahalAtA hai, jabaki vaha tapa, jo vizuddha rUpa se Atma-Azrita hotA hai tathA aMtaraMga mamatva ke visarjana kA pratIka hotA hai, Abhyantara tapa kahalAtA hai| inake bAraha bheda hote haiM - 109 adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana 19 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #172
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1) anazana prAyazcitta 3) vRtti-parisaMkhyAna vaiyAvRtya 5) kAya-kleza dhyAna jIvana-prabandhana ke lie tapAcAra kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai, yahI vaha tattva hai, jo jIvana-prabandhana kI pragati ko vizeSa gati pradAna karatA hai| (5) vIryAcAra - AcAra kA antima bheda vIryAcAra hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke antargata jaba vizeSa utsAha evaM ullAsa ke sAtha vizeSa-vizeSa purUSArtha kiyA jAtA hai, taba vaha vIryAcAra kahalAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, 'vIrya' zabda zakti, udyama, purUSArtha, pauruSa Adi kA sUcaka hai| purUSArtha hamezA jIvana-prabandhaka kI ruci kA anusaraNa karatA hai| jisa kArya ke prati jitanI adhika ruci hotI hai, utanI hI adhika zakti yA pauruSa usa kArya ko pUrNa karane meM lagatA hai| isIlie jainAcAryoM ne zakti ko binA chipAe jIvana-prabandhana ke kAryoM meM tatpara hone kA nirdeza diyA hai| yaha vIryAcAra hI hai, jisake dvArA cAroM prakAra ke AcAroM meM viziSTa cetanA kA saMcAra hotA hai, isase jIvana-prabandhana ke kAryoM meM abhUtapUrva saphalatA prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra, jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke mukhya tattvoM ke rUpa meM ina paMcAcAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ina paMcAcAroM ke AdhAra para jIvana-prabandhana ke sabhI AyAmoM - zikSA, samaya, kAyA, abhivyakti, mAnasika-vikAra, paryAvaraNa, samAja, artha, bhogopabhoga, dhArmika-vyavahAra evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA prabandhana kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye paMcAcAra mUlataH prabandhana ke do mukhya pakSoM - saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika pakSoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| jahA~ jJAnAcAra evaM darzanAcAra kA samAveza saiddhAntika pakSa meM hotA hai, vahIM cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM vIryAcAra kA samAveza prAyogika pakSa meM hotA hai| yaha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai ki paMcAcAra pRthak-pRthak hote hue bhI anyonyAzrita haiM, sAtha hI samajhane ke lie ve bheda rUpa hote hue bhI mUlataH abheda rUpa hI haiN| ===== ====== 20 110 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #173
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2.5 niSkarSa ____ bhAratIya dArzanika kSetra meM jaina vicAradhArA kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| isameM vaizvika satya ko prakAzita karake jIvana kA naitika-vikAsa karane vAle binduoM kA samyak nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isameM upadiSTa sAhitya meM se jo vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate haiM, unheM 'jainadarzanazAstra' kahate haiM tathA jo darzana ke AdhAra para jIvana-vyavahAra kI nItiyoM kA mArgadarzana karate haiM, unheM 'jainaAcArazAstra' kahate haiN| ina donoM kA sIdhA sambandha mAnava-jIvana se hai, kyoMki jaba taka 'darzana' ke dvArA vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA bodha nahIM hotA, taba taka 'AcAra' kA samyaka mUlya ba taka 'AcAra' kA samyak mUlyAMkana bhI nahIM ho pAtA hai| ye donoM zAstra eka-dUsare meM itane guMthe hue haiM ki inake bIca vibhAjana-rekhA khIMca pAnA AsAna nahIM hai, isIlie jaina vicAradhArA kA abhimata yahI hai ki darzana evaM AcAra ko alaga-alaga dekhA to jA sakatA hai, kintu alaga-alaga kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| jainadarzanazAstra kA uddezya jIvana ke saiddhAntika-pakSoM kA nirdezana karanA hai, to jainaAcArazAstra kA uddezya jIvana ke prAyogika-pakSoM kA pratipAdana karanA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA isIlie manuSya ke samakSa usake sAdhya evaM sAdhanoM ko spaSTa karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha jIvana ke anantara (Immediate) evaM parampara (Ultimate) donoM sAdhyoM kA samanvaya karate hue jIne kI kalA bhI sikhAtI hai| isakA Azraya lekara vyakti apane AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika donoM prakAra ke vikAsa kI dizA meM agrasara ho sakatA hai| jainadarzanazAstra evaM jainaAcArazAstra ko AdhAra banAkara jIvana jIne kI kalA ke samyaka kriyAnvayana kI prakriyA kA mArgadarzana jisake mAdhyama se ho sakatA hai, use jainaprabandhanazAstra kahA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ darzanazAstra siddhAntoM kA zAstra hai aura AcArazAstra prAyogika-nItiyoM kA zAstra hai, vahIM prabandhanazAstra jIvana-prabandhana ke kriyAnvayana ke satroM kA zAstra hai| ina tInoM kA atyanta nikaTavartI sambandha hai| abheda-dRSTi se dekheM, to jo darzana hai, vahI AcAra hai aura jo AcAra hai, vahI prabandhana hai| bheda-dRSTi se dekheM, to ina tInoM meM kramazaH AdhAra-Adheya, vyApaka-vyApya evaM sAmAnya-vizeSa sambandha hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki darzana se AcAra aura AcAra se prabandhana kA jIvana se kramazaH nikaTavartI sambandha hai| isa jainaprabandhanazAstra kI racanA hI prastuta zodha-prabandha kA antima uddezya hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA jIvana-prabandhana ke kSetra meM aneka nirdeza detI hai, jaise - sAdhya aura sAdhana sambandhI, ucita aura anucita kRtyoM sambandhI, jIvana-vyavahAra kA mUlyAMkana karane sambandhI, sAmAjika niyamoM athavA rIti-rivAjoM sambandhI ityaadi| isase jainaAcArazAstra evaM jIvana-prabandhana kA saha-sambandha spaSTatayA dyotita hotA hai| 111 adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana 21 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #174
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAnava-jIvana anekAneka samasyAoM se yukta hai| ye samasyAe~ kabhI aMtaraMga aura kabhI bahiraMga pariveza meM utpanna asantulana ke kAraNa hotI haiM tathA jIvana meM aneka dvaMdvoM evaM saMgharSoM ko janma detI haiM, jaise Antarika manovRttiyoM kA saMgharSa, bAhya vAtAvaraNa meM hone vAlA saMgharSa tathA Antarika icchAoM evaM bAhya paristhitiyoM ke madhya kA saMgharSa / ina saMgharSoM se vyakti duHkhI aura santapta hokara jIvana vyatIta karatA rahatA hai| samasyAoM se mukti pAne ke lie use samyak sUtra (Right Formula) evaM samyak paddhati (Right Approach) kA upayoga karanA Avazyaka hai aura tabhI jIvana sukha, zAnti evaM Anandamaya bana sakatA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA meM vidyamAna sUtroM yA tattvoM kA samyak upayoga karake isa lakSya kI prApti AsAnI se kI jA sakatI hai aura yahI jIvana- prabandhana kI Adarza sthiti hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana - prabandhana arthAt jIvana ko sukha, zAnti evaM Anandamaya banAne kI prakriyA ke antargata aneka tattva nirdiSTa haiN| inheM paMcAcAra kI avadhAraNA ke mAdhyama se samajhA aura prayoga meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| ye paMcAcAra haiM jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM viiryaacaar| inameM se jJAnAcAra evaM darzanAcAra jIvana- prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa ko to cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM vIryAcAra prAyogika pakSa ko dyotita karate haiN| inakA samyak prayoga kara vyakti jIvana - prabandhana ke zikSA, samaya, zarIra, abhivyakti, tanAva evaM manovikAra, paryAvaraNa, samAja, artha, bhogopabhoga, dhArmika-vyavahAra evaM AdhyAtmika - vikAsa Adi vividha AyAmoM kA samucita prabandhana kara sakatA hai| I 22 -- jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 112
Page #175
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 33 nizIthacUrNI, 91 34 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/5 1 jaina evaM bauddha zikSAdarzana, DaoN.vijayakumAra, pR. 15 35 zAntasudhArasa, 10/1 2 jainaAcAra, prastAvanA, devendramuni, pR. 31 36 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 31/2 3 bhAratIyadarzana, datta evaM caTTopAdhyAya, pR. 2 37 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/407 4 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/178 38 vahI, pR. 407-408 5 jainaAcAra, prastAvanA, devendramuni, pR. 31 39 samaNasuttaM, 150 6 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/177 40 pa.pU. gurUdevazrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. se carcA ke AdhAra para 7 sAgarajaina vidyAbhAratI, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina 1/163 41 vahI 8 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 1/177 42 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/405-406 9 iNDiyana philaoNsAphI, 2, pR. 629, (jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN. 43 sUtrakRtAMga, 1/12/11 sAgaramalajaina, 1/177 se uddhRta) 44 sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/4/434 10 darzanaprAbhRta, 3 45 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/2, 3, 35 11 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/179 46 sthAnAMgasUtra, 5/2/147 12 tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 47 (ka) tattvArthasUtra, 2/8 (kha) AlApapaddhati, 9 13 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/2/1 48 kAle viNae bahumANe, uvahANe tahA aninnhvnne| 14 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, vaMjaNa-attha-tadubhae, aTThaviho naannmaayaaro|| sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 462 - dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 184 15 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/1/3 49 jainendrasiddhAntakoza, 4/43 16 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/30 50 yogazAstra, 2/2 17 (ka) dharmabindu, 7/3-6 51 upadezapada, haribhadrasUri (zrImadrAjacaMdra, pR. 851 se uddhRta) (kha) dekheM, AnaMdaghana caubIsI, 9/4 52 jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 99 18 jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 110 53 nissaMkiya nikkaMkhiya, nivitigicchA amUDhadiTThI y| 19 dekheM, jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/a.10 uvavUha thirIkaraNe, vacchalla pabhAvaNe atttth|| 20 vyaktitva kA manovijJAna, arUNasiMha, pR. 7 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/31 21 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/2 54 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 1/2 22 mUlAcAra, 202 55 sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/1/109 23 AcArAMganiyukti, 219 56 jainendrasiddhAntakoza, 3/617 24 mokSamArgasya netAra, bhettAraM krm-bhuubhRtaam| 57 yogazAstra, 1/47-56 jJAtAraM vizva-tattvAnAM, vande tadguNalabdhaye / / 58 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/13-43 - sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 1 59 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 31/11 25 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/34 60 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/48 26 AnandasvAdhyAyasaMgraha, pR. 104 61 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 31/11 27 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/3 62 vahI, 24/2 28 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/25, 31 63 jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 102 29 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/33 64 (ka) aNasaNamUNoyariyA, bhikkhAyariyA ya rspriccaao| 30 kallANamitta saMsaggiM, sadA kuvveja pNddie| kAya kileso saMlINayA, ya bajjho tavo hoi|| - RSibhASitasUtra, 33/17 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 30/8 31 dujjaNa saMsaggIe, pajahadi NiyagaM guNaM khu sujnnovi| (kha) pAyacchittaM viNao, veyAvaccaM taheva sjjhaao| sIyalabhAva udayaM, jaha pajahadi aggijoenn|| jhANaM ca viussaggo, eso abhintaro tvo|| - bhagavatIArAdhanA, 344 - vahI, 30/30 32 sAmAyikapATha, amitagati, 1 65 abhidhAnaciMtAmaNiH, 2/214 113 adhyAya 2 : jainadarzana evaM jainaAcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #176
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 66 zrImaddevacandra vartamAna caubIsI 9/6 aNigRhiyabala - viriyo juMjai parakkamai a jahAdhAmaM, nAyavvo dazavaikAlikaniryukti, 187 24 jo jhnuttmaautto| diiriyaayaaro|| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 114
Page #177
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 3 V fdi&uqoeldl EDUCATION MANAGEMENT Jain Eduardon a tional For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #178
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #179
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 3 zikSA-prabandhana (Education Management) Page No. Chap. Cont. 115 118 125 130 134 150 150 151 157 162 164 164 3.1 zikSA kA svarUpa 3.2 zikSA kI sArvakAlika mahattA 3.3 vartamAna yuga meM zikSA kA mahattva 3.4 vartamAna yuga meM zikSApraNAlI kI vizeSatAe~ (guNa-doSa) 3.5 vartamAna yuga meM zikSApraNAlI kI mukhya kamiyA~ evaM duSpariNAma 3.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para zikSA-prabandhana 3.6.1 zikSA kA uddezya 3.6.2 sarvAMgINa zikSA ke prakAra 3.6.3 zikSA ke vividha AyAma 3.6.4 santulita zikSA : eka AvazyakatA 3.7 zikSA-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 3.7.1 zikSA kI do vidhAe~ 3.7.2 zikSA ke aMga 3.7.3 anuprekSA se anubhUti taka 3.7.4 yathArtha bodha kA krama 3.7.5 zabda se bhAvArtha taka 3.7.6 zikSA : jIvanabhara calane vAlI satata prakriyA 3.7.7 zikSA-saMskAra kI prAcIna prakriyA evaM vartamAna meM isakI prAsaMgikatA 3.7.8 zikSA meM abhimAna, sabase bar3I bAdhA 3.7.9 vinIta evaM avinIta zikSArthI ke lakSaNa 3.7.10 zikSA-prabandhana kI kAryavidhi 3.8 niSkarSa 3.9 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 16A 165 165 166 167 167 169 170 172 176 178 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #180
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #181
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3. 1 zikSA kA svarUpa 3. 1. 1 zikSA kA sAmAnya paricaya zikSA mAnavIya jIvana ke prabandhana kA sarvottama sAdhana hai| yaha mAnava meM viveka ko jAgrata aura samRddha karatI hai| vivekazIla mAnava hI jIvana kI vividha paristhitiyoM se samAyojana kara unase utpanna hone vAle dabAvoM se svayaM ko mukta kara sakatA hai| zikSA se jisa jJAna jyoti kI prApti hotI hai, usase saMzayoM kA uccheda hotA hai, samasyAe~ dUra karane kI kalA AtI hai aura jIvana kA vAstavika mahattva samajha meM AtA hai|' zikSA se prApta jJAna hI mAnava kI sahI samajha aura saphalatA kA pramukha aura prAthamika kAraNa siddha hotA hai / adhyAya 3 zikSA -prabandhana (Education Management ) zikSA ke lie jJAna, vidyA, avagama, sIkhanA Adi paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / zikSA ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai| vidyA mAtA ke samAna hamArI rakSA karatI hai, pitA ke samAna hitakAryoM meM lagAtI hai, patnI kI bhA~ti khedoM ko dUra kara prasannatA pradAna karatI hai, vaibhava kA vistAra karatI hai aura sarva dizAoM meM kIrtti phailAtI hai| 2 ataH samyak zikSA ke binA jIvana - prabandhana kevala eka kalpanA hI hai| 115 -- AdipurANa ke anusAra, vidyA hI manuSya ko yaza dene vAlI hai, vidyA hI Atma-kalyANa karane vAlI hai, vidyA hI kAmadhenu hai, vidyA hI cintAmaNi hai aura vidyA hI artha, kAma evaM dharma se siddha sampadAoM ko pradAna karane vAlI hai| itanA hI nahIM, vidyA hI bandhu hai, vidyA hI mitra hai, vidyA hI kalyANa karane vAlI hai, vidyA hI sAtha - sAtha jAne vAlI sampadA hai aura vidyA hI samasta prayojanoM ko pUrNa karane vAlI hai| kahane kA abhiprAya yahI hai ki vidyA hI ihaloka aura paraloka ke puruSArthoM ko siddha karatI hai / 1 RSibhASita meM zikSA ke samyak svarUpa ko parilakSita kiyA gayA hai 'vahI vidyA mahAvidyA hai aura vahI vidyA samasta vidyAoM meM uttama hai, jisakI sAdhanA karane se samasta duHkhoM se mukti milatI hai| vidyA duHkhamocanI hai| jaina - AcAryoM ne usI vidyA ko uttama mAnA hai, jisake dvArA adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 1
Page #182
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ duHkhoM se mukti ho aura AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra ho| isa prakAra samyak zikSA vahI hai, jo mAnavIya duHkhoM aura tanAvoM ko samajhe, unake kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kare, unake prabandhana ke upAyoM ko khoje aura una upAyoM kA prayoga karake duHkhoM se mukta kraae| ataH hamArA yaha karttavya hai ki jIvana-prabandhana ke lie jIvana meM zikSA ko paryApta mahattva deM, use suniyojita kareM aura samucita zikSA kA prabandhana kreN| 3.1.2 zikSA kA zAbdika artha ____ 'zikSA' zabda saMskRta kI 'zikSi' (vidyA-upAdAne) dhAtu meM 'a' aura 'TAp' pratyaya lagane se banA hai, jisakA artha hai - "sIkhanA' (To learn) / ' 'vidyA' zabda 'zikSA' kA paryAyavAcI hai, jo 'vid' dhAtu meM 'kyap' aura 'TAp' pratyaya jur3ane se banA hai| vid dhAtu ke aneka artha hote haiM, jaise - 1) jJAna, 2) sattA, 3) lAbha, 4) vicAra, 5) cetanA, anubhUti, AkhyAna, kathana aura nivaas|' ___aMgrejI meM zikSA ke lie 'ejukezana' (Education) zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha laiTina bhASA ke "eDukeTama' (Educatum) zabda se banA hai| isakI utpatti 'eDuko' (Educo) se huI hai, jo 'e' (E) aura 'Duko' (Duco) se milakara banA hai| isakA artha hai - 'andara se nikAlakara denaa'| isa prakAra Antarika zaktiyoM ko bAhara abhivyakta karane kI prakriyA "ejukezana' hai| anya prakAra se 'ejukezana' (Education) zabda kI utpatti 'eDukeyara' (Educare) se huI hai, jisakA artha hai - 'pAlana-poSaNa yA vikAsa krnaa'| isa prakAra, 'poSaNa yA vikAsa karane kI prakriyA' ko bhI 'ejukezana' kahate haiN| niHsandeha, zikSA ke lie prayukta zabda bhI zikSA kI prabandhakIya upayogitA ko iMgita karate haiN| 3.1.3 zikSA kI AvazyakatA kyoM? jainadarzana ke anusAra, saMsAra kA svarUpa pariNAmI-nitya hai, kyoMki zAzvat rahate hue bhI isakA pratisamaya avasthAntaraNa hotA rahatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jIvana ke Antarika aura bAhya pakSoM kA rUpAntaraNa honA eka svAbhAvika prakriyA hai| jahA~ rUpAntaraNa yA gatyAtmakatA ho, vahA~ do dizAe~ ho sakatI haiM - sakArAtmaka aura nkaaraatmk| nakArAtmaka-dizA se ubarane tathA sakArAtmaka-dizA meM gamana karane ke lie zikSA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, kyoMki zikSA hI hamArA sahI digdarzana kara sakatI hai| nakArAtmaka-gatyAtmakatA (Negative Dynamicity) arthAt kuprabandhana ke kAraNa jIvana kA hrAsa hotA hai, AcAra, vicAra aura vyavahAra meM girAvaTa AtI hai tathA kaSTa, nirAzA aura pIr3A bar3hatI jAtI hai| sakArAtmaka-gatyAtmakatA (Positive Dynamicity) arthAt suprabandhana se jIvana kA yathArtha jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 116 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #183
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vikAsa hotA hai| jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM meM paraspara samanvaya sthApita hone se jIvana-UrjA kA sarvAdhika sadupayoga sambhava hotA hai| kaThinAiyoM ko pAra karane kA sAmarthya vikasita hotA hai| dhIre-dhIre zAnti, prasannatA aura Anandamaya jIvana kI prApti hotI hai| vastutaH, nakArAtmaka gatyAtmakatA ke bajAya sakArAtmaka gatyAtmakatA kI dizA meM agrasara hone se Adarza-jIvana arthAt prabandhita-jIvana kI prApti hotI hai| pratyeka prANI jIvana-prabandhana kI prApti ke lie yogya nahIM hotaa| merI dRSTi meM, jIvana-prabandhana kA samyak pAtra banane ke lie vyakti meM nimnalikhita cAra tathyoM kA honA Avazyaka hai - use vikAsa kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa honI caahie| usameM vikAsa kI kSamatA honI caahie| use vikAsa kI svatantratA milanI caahie| use vikAsa kI ruci honI caahie| AvazyakatA, yogyatA, svatantratA aura ruci - ye cAra tattva vyakti ke jIvana-vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka haiM, lekina paryApta nahIM haiM, kyoMki jIvana ke samyak vikAsa ke lie 'viveka' kA honA bhI atyAvazyaka hai| vivekazIla vyakti hI karaNIya-akaraNIya kA bheda kara sakatA hai| viveka kI prApti ke lie jisa sAdhana yA vidhi kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai, use 'zikSA' kahate haiN| zikSA ke abhAva meM na viveka hotA hai aura na hI nakArAtmaka-gatyAtmakatA para niyantraNa bhii| 'zikSA' ke binA vyakti kI dazA usa dRSTihIna vyakti ke samAna hotI hai, jo bhayAnaka aTavI se bAhara nikalanA cAhatA ho, lekina nikalane meM asahAya ho| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA kahanA hai ki 'yadi dizA sahI hogI, to dazA sahI hogI aura dizA ko sahI karane ke lie dRSTi ko sahI karanA hogaa| yaha kevala zikSA ke mAdhyama se sambhava hai| zikSA se vyakti kI buddhi aura viveka kA vikAsa hotA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jJAna manuSya kA tIsarA netra hai, jo use tattvoM ke rahasya ko samajhane meM samartha banAtA hai tathA satkAryoM meM pravRtta karAtA hai|" sAra rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki zikSA jIvana meM viveka ke samucita vikAsa ke lakSya ko prApta karane ke lie eka anivArya AvazyakatA hai| ataH hameM zikSA-prabandhana ko ucita mahattva denA caahie| =====4.>===== 117 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #184
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3. 2 zikSA kI sArvakAlika mahattA mAnava prAcInakAla se hI jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie prayatnazIla rahA hai| cU~ki vikAsa kI prApti zikSA para nirbhara hai, ataH manuSya ne zikSA ko jIvana meM pramukha aura prAthamika sthAna diyA hai| manuSya kI sadaiva yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki zikSA eka aise vyaktitva kA nirmANa karatI hai, jo jIvana kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa kara ske| usake anusAra, jIvana ke binA zikSA astitvavihIna hotI hai aura zikSA ke binA jIvana vyaktitvavihIna hotA hai| isa prakAra, vikAsa ke lie tatpara mAnava-jAti kI dRSTi meM jIvana aura zikSA kA anyonyAzrita / abhinna sambandha hai / yahI tathya zikSA ke sArvakAlika mahattva ko pratipAdita karane ke lie paryApta hai| isakI sampuSTi ke lie Age carcA kI jA rahI hai / 12 13 prAgaitihAsikakAla se hI zikSA ke do mukhya pakSa rahe haiM laukika aura AdhyAtmika / laukika-vyavahAra ke paripAlana ke lie laukika-zikSA upayogI hai, jabaki mAnasika vikAroM, Atma-kaluSatAoM aura tanAvoM se vimukta hokara Atmika - Ananda kI prApti ke lie AdhyAtmika-zikSA upayogI hai| vibhinna yugoM meM pracalita zikSA-vyavasthA aura zikSaNa-paddhatiyA~ isa prakAra haiM - 3.2.1 prAcIna yuga meM zikSA kA mahattva prAyaH IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva taka prAcIna yuga kA samaya mAnA jAtA hai| isameM bhAratIya - saMskRti kI do dhArAe~ pracalita rahIM vaidika evaM zramaNa / zramaNa - paramparA antargata bhI do zAkhAe~ mukhya rUpa se prasiddha huI jaina evaM bauddha / jaina mAnyatA jaina AgamoM para bauddha cintana tripiTakoM para aura vaidika vicAra vedoM para AdhArita haiN| ataH bhAratIya - saMskRti meM jIvana - prabandhana sambandhI jo mAnyatAe~ haiM, una sabakA AdhAra ye tInoM srota haiN| 14 (1) jainazikSA 4 - jaina-paramparA zramaNa saMskRti kA saMvahana karatI hai / yaha mUlataH AdhyAtmika zikSA pradAna karatI hai, lekina isakA bhI loka se sambandha to rahA hI hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM laukika zikSA bhI isa prakAra dI gaI hai ki vaha AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyoM kA sAdhana bana ske| jaina - zikSA meM duHkhamukti yA tanAvamukti ke jo prabandhana - sUtra prarupita kie gae haiM, ve laukika aura AdhyAtmika donoM hI jIvana meM samAnarUpa se upayogI haiN| kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina - paramparA mukhyatA se nivRttimArgI jIvana kI zikSA detI hai, phira bhI usameM pravRttimArgI jIvana ke lie upayogI dizA-nirdeza bhI vidyamAna haiN| ina donoM kA samyak samanvaya jIvana - prabandhana ke lie apekSita hai| isakI prayogAtmaka carcA zikSA - prabandhana ke rUpa meM Age vistAra se kI jAegI / - jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 118
Page #185
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadharmadarzana ke anusAra, isa yuga (avasarpiNI kAla) meM caubIsa tIrthakara hue, jinameM prathama zrIRSabhadeva evaM antima zrImahAvIrasvAmI haiN| inake upadeza jainazikSA ke pramukha srota haiN| (ka) RSabhadeva - ye mAnavIya sabhyatA yA prabandhana ke AdipurUSa haiN| inheM samAja-prabandhana rAjya-prabandhana aura dharma-prabandhana kA purodhA mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne rAjA ke rUpa meM asi (sainyavRtti), masi (lipividyA), kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa kI zikSAe~ dii| sainya-vyavasthA ko susaMgaThita kiyA, jisase bAharI zaktiyoM kI cunautiyoM kA sAmanA kiyA jA sake, lipi-vidyA sikhAkara zikSA kI nIMva DAlI aura bhASika-saMpreSaNa kI vyavasthA dI, kRSi Adi ke mAdhyama se sAmAjika-vRttiyoM kA poSaNa aura lUTapATa, hatyA, corI Adi asAmAjika-pravRttiyoM kA niSedha kiyaa| apanI prathama putrI brAhmI ko aThAraha lipiyoM kA jJAna karAyA, to dvitIya putrI sundarI ko gaNita kA adhyayana kraayaa| gaNita ke antargata mAna, unmAna, avamAna, pratimAna Adi mApoM se avagata kraayaa| purUSoM ko bahattara (72) kalAe~ aura striyoM ko causaTha (64) kalAe~ sikhaaii| logoM ko agni jalAne, bhojana banAne, bartana banAne, vastra bunane Adi vidhiyoM se paricita kraayaa| hAthI, ghor3e, gAya Adi pazu-sampadA kA sadupayoga karanA sikhaayaa| isa prakAra, bhale hI ye bAteM Aja ke isa yuga meM bahuta sAmAnya pratIta hotI hoM, lekina RSabhadeva ne tAtkAlika mAnava jAti ko susaMskRta aura sabhya banAne ke lie amUlya zikSAe~ dii| vastutaH, ye zikSAe~ isa vartamAna yuga meM bhI laukika-jIvana ke prabandhana ke lie nIMva kA patthara siddha ho rahI haiN| inakA ullekha na kevala jaina, balki jainetara granthoM meM bhI milatA hai| __ bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke AdhyAtmika upadezoM se Atma-kalyANa kI zikSAe~ bhI prApta huii| sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ke rUpa meM caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA huii| inakI zikSAoM se hI moha, rAga-dveSa aura kaSAyoM kA kSaya kara Atma-utkarSa ko prApta karane kA mArga prazasta huaa| isa prakAra, inakA jIvana-prabandhana ke kSetra meM ananya upakAra hai| (kha) mahAvIra - inakA janma 599 I. pUrva meM huA thaa| vaha samaya dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika AndolanoM kA yuga thA, jisameM prAyaH sabhI saMpradAya apane-apane mata aura pantha ko zreSTha batAkara dUsaroM kI nindA kara rahe the| aise samaya mahAvIra ne pUrva tIrthaMkaroM kA anukaraNa kiyA aura sabhI matoM kA samyak saMzleSaNa (Right Synthesis) karake 'anekAntavAda' kI sthApanA kii| isake anusAra, pratyeka vastu yA padArtha anantadharmAtmaka hotA hai, jisameM paraspara virodhI dharmoM (guNa-paryAyoM) kA saha-astitva hotA hai, jaise - nitya-anitya, zuddha-azuddha, eka-aneka aadi| mahAvIra kA yaha siddhAnta jIvana ke hara kSetra meM samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko apanAne kI kalA sikhAtA hai| isase jIvana-prabandhana ke Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika, dhArmika, AdhyAtmika Adi samasta kSetroM meM saMgharSoM ke bajAya samAdhAna kI prApti hotI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIvana aura jagat ke sandarbha meM jo vaijJAnika pratipAdana kiyA, vaha Aja bhI prAsaMgika hai| vastusvarUpa ko samajhane aura samajhAne ke lie inhoMne nikSepa, pramANa, naya, anuyoga , samAsa, mArgaNA, svAdhyAya Adi vidhiyoM kI zikSAe~ dI, jinakI carcA Age kI jaaegii|" 119 adhyAya 3 : zikSA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #186
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prajJA itanI tIkSNa thI ki bAla-vaya meM hI inhoMne vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI racanA kara dI, jo bAda meM pUjyapAda devanandI ke dvArA 'jaineMdra-vyAkaraNa' ke nAma se suprasiddha huii| sAmAjika-dRSTi se dhArmika ADambara, andhavizvAsa aura andharUr3hiyoM ko dUra karane kI zikSA dii| veda-vihita hiMsA ke viruddha ahiMsA kA upadeza diyaa| strI-zikSA aura zUdra-zikSA ke dvAra khola die| vastutaH, inhoMne pUrva tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pracalita vicAra aura AcAra sambandhI siddhAntoM kA deza-kAla-sApekSa pratipAdana kiyaa| inake upadeza loka-bhASA meM hone se AsAnI se janagrAhya aura jIvana-prabandhana ke lie atyanta upayogI the| ina upadezoM ko gaNadharoM ne sUtrabaddha kiyaa| prArambha meM guru paramparA ke dvArA caturvidha saMgha ko sUtra aura artha ke mAdhyama se zikSita kiyA jAtA thA, AcAra aura vicAra meM samanvayatA ke lie upadhAna, pauSadha, tapa, prAyazcitta, pratikramaNa, dhyAna, kAyotsarga Adi prAyogika vidhiyA~ samAviSTa kI jAtI thii| zikSA kI yaha paramparA Aja bhI jainadharma meM pracalita hai| zikSA-vyavasthA se sambandhita mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA saMkalana hameM aneka granthoM meM prApta hotA hai, jaise - AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samAvAyAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahArasUtra, gacchAcAra, caMdravedhyaka aadi|" jaina-paramparA kA yaha samRddha sAhitya jIvana-prabandhana ke lie vizeSa paThanIya hai| (2) bauddha zikSA bauddha-paramparA meM bhI AdhyAtmika-zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha laukika-zikSA para yathocita vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bauddha dharma ke pravartaka mahAtmA buddha the| inakA janma IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM huaa| inhoMne duHkha-mukti ke lie aSTAMga-mArga kA pratipAdana kiyaa| isa mArga kA eka sUtra hai - samyak aajiivikaa| yaha sUtra vyakti ko apanI AjIvikA ko suprabandhita DhaMga se arjita karane kI zikSA detA hai| isakA sambandha laukikatA aura pAralaukikatA donoM se hai| aucityapUrNa AjIvikA hI sAmAjika vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha banAne aura pAralaukikatA ke lie sanmArga nirupita karane meM sahAyaka hai|" AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bauddhazikSA kA uddezya 'nirvANa' hai, jisakA artha hai - tRSNA kI agni kA bujha jaanaa|" laukika dRSTi se bauddha zikSA kA uddezya duHkhamukta jIvana ke lie deza-vyavahAra ke jJAna ko prApta karAnA hai| bauddhakAlIna laukika zikSA ke antargata anya viSayoM ke sAtha chiyAnave (96) kalAoM aura causaTha (64) lipiyoM kI zikSA bhI dI jAtI thii| bauddha-paramparA meM vividha zikSaNa-paddhatiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise - pATha-vidhi, zAstrArtha-vidhi, upamA-vidhi, praznottara-vidhi, upadeza-vidhi, pramANa-vidhi, svAdhyAya-vidhi aadi| ye vidhiyA~ prakArAntara se jaina-paramparA meM bhI pracalita rahI haiN| 23 bauddha-paramparA ke mUla sAhitya 'vinayapiTaka', 'sUttapiTaka' aura 'abhidhammapiTaka' haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 120 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #187
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) vaidika-zikSA prAgaitihAsika kAla meM hI eka yuga thA - vaidika yug| isa yuga meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra - aisI caturvarNIya vyavasthA thii| brAhmaNa hI samAja kA sabase prabhAvazAlI varga evaM vidyAnidhi thA, ataH yahA~ para brAhmaNika yA vaidika zikSA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| brAhmaNika zikSA ke antargata apane-apane saMpradAya ke anusAra vedoM kA maukhika adhyayana kiyA jAtA thaa| eka veda kA adhyayana karane kA artha thA - bAraha varSa taka guru ke yahA~ saMnyAsI kI bhA~ti rhnaa| samAja bhI vidyArthI ko prasannatApUrvaka bhojana aura dhana pradAna karatA thaa| vidyArthI jIvana kevala zikSA grahaNa karane kA hI nahIM, apitu anuzAsana pAlana karane kA bhI samaya hotA thaa| ziSya apane guru kI sevA karate aura unake lie bhikSA bhI mA~gakara lAte the| ve ziSya sAdhAraNa vastra pahanate the| uttarIya evaM adhovastra hI kula pozAka thii| unake keza jaTAoM ke rUpa meM hote athavA sira muNDita hotA thaa| guru aura ziSya donoM naitika jIvana kA eka uccAdarza pAlana karate the| prAyaH IsA pUrva dasavIM zatAbdI upaniSadoM kA racanAkAla mAnA jAtA hai| ina upaniSadoM meM zikSA ke AdhyAtmika pakSa kI pradhAnatA rhii| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'sA vidyA yA vimuktaye' arthAt vidyA vahI hai, jo vimukti ke lie ho| logoM kI dRr3ha mAnyatA thI ki 'jJAna binA mukti kadApi sambhava nahIM hai|' isa prakAra, prAcIna yuga meM zikSA ko ucita mahattva diyA jAtA thaa| bhale hI usameM vartamAna vastuniSTha zikSA-paddhati kA abhAva thA, lekina vaha zikSA bhI laukika aura AdhyAtmika zikSA kA sundara samAyojana thii| yaha zikSA hI bhAratIya saMskRti aura sabhyatA kI nIMva hai| isa zaikSika vikAsa ke bala para hI bhArata ko 'jagadguru' bhI kahA jAtA rahA hai| sahI arthoM meM, Aja bhI jIvana ke prabandhana ke lie isa zikSA kI atyadhika AvazyakatA hai| 3.2.2 madhya yuga meM zikSA kA mahattva isa yuga kA samaya IsA kI pA~cavIM se solahavIM sadI ke madhya rahA hai| jaise-jaise sAmAjika vikAsa hotA gayA, vaise-vaise zikSA vyavasthA bhI vyApaka hotI gii| dhIre-dhIre vividha vidyAoM ke vizeSajJoM kI AvazyakatA utpanna hone lgii| sAtha hI uttarottara bar3hatI huI vidyA, anubhava, jJAna evaM saMskAra kI nidhi ko cirajIvita rakhane ke lie vizeSa zikSAsaMsthAnoM kA janma huA, jo bAda meM ucca zikSA ke vikhyAta keMdra bana ge| ye keMdra Adhunika vijJAna sambandhI par3hAI aura zodha-kAryoM ko chor3akara, zeSa bAtoM meM Adhunika vizvavidyAlaya ke samAna hI the| inameM se nAlandA, takSazilA, prayAga, banArasa, kannauja, pATalIputra, dhArAnagarI, vallabhIpura, sAranAtha, vikramazilA Adi atiprasiddha hue| kucha to antarrASTrIya vidyA keMdra bhI bana ge| ina zikSaNa keMdroM meM viziSTa paramparA thI ki zikSA ke prArambha meM upanayana saMskAra aura samApana para samAvartana saMskAra hotA thaa| samApana ke samaya AcArya dvArA dIkSAnta bhASaNa meM chAtroM ko sadAcAra, samAja-sevA Adi kartavyoM kA smaraNa karAyA jAtA thaa| tatpazcAt chAtroM ko apane kartavyapUrti meM nirantara rata rahane ke lie sAmUhika zapatha bhI dI jAtI thii| sudUra videzoM se 121 adhyAya 3 : zikSA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #188
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhI yahA~ vidyArthI Ate the, jaise - cIna, tibbata, koriyA, laMkA aadi| ina saMsthAoM meM praveza ke lie bhArI bhIr3a hotI thI, kintu bhartI kI saMkhyA niyata hone se unheM kaThina praveza-parIkSA se gujaranA par3atA thaa| prAyaH dasa meM se do-tIna kA hI praveza ho pAtA thaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM nAlandA meM prAyaH pA~ca hajAra vidyArthI adhyayanarata the|25 AThavIM zatAbdI ke bAda muslima sAmrAjya kI sthApanA huii| taduparAnta madarasoM aura makataboM kI sthApanA hone lgii| san 1200 ke pazcAt kramazaH gulAmavaMza, khilajIvaMza aura tugalakavaMza aae| inhoMne zikSA ke protsAhana ke lie kAphI dhana vyaya kiyaa| akele phiroja tugalaka ne tIsa vidyAlaya bnvaae| tatpazcAt lodIvaMza (1414-1526) ke rAjyakAla meM 'badAyUM' zikSA kA eka vizAla keMdra bnaa| san 1526 ke bAda kramazaH bAbara, humAyU~, akabara aura jahA~gIra kA zAsanakAla rhaa| isameM bhI zikSA kA pracAra-prasAra huaa| hindU tathA muslima donoM kI vidyAoM ko saMrakSaNa milaa| tatpazcAt zAhajahA~ ke zAsanakAla meM zikSA para koI vizeSa vyaya nahIM huaa| usakA putra auraMgajeba bar3A kaTTarapanthI musalamAna thA aura usane kevala apane dharma ke anuyAyiyoM kI zikSA ko hI protsAhana diyaa| yahA~ mugala sAmrAjya kA sUrya asta ho gyaa| isa prakAra, madhyayuga videzI AkramaNoM aura saMskRti-parivartanoM ke prayAsoM kA samaya rahA, phira bhI zikSA kA mahattva yathAvat banA rhaa| isameM kalA evaM zilpa kI unnati anya kAla kI tulanA meM adhika rhii| ina kalAoM meM mUrtikalA, lekhanakalA, nRtyakalA, saMgItakalA, citrakalA Adi se sambandhita kalAe~ pramukha thii| isa yuga meM prAcIna-sAhitya kI vyAkhyAe~ aura navIna sAhitya kA sRjana huaa| itanA hI nahIM, itihAsa kA kramabaddha lekhana honA bhI isa yuga kI vizeSatA rhii| yaha kaTu satya hai ki isa yuga meM AdhyAtmika-zikSA meM AMzika nyUnatA avazya aaii| phira bhI, yaha kahanA hogA kI kaI AkramaNakAriyoM ke dvArA zikSA-vyavasthA ko naSTa karane kA bharapUra prayAsa karane ke bAvajUda bhI zikSA kA astitva banA hI rhaa| 3.2.3 Adhunika yuga meM zikSA kA mahattva __ Adhunika yuga prAyaH solahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda se prArambha hotA hai| yaha mukhyatayA yUropIya jAtiyoM kA jalamArga se Agamana kA kAla hai| sarvaprathama purtagAlI nAvika 'vAskoDigAmA' san 1498 I. meM aphrIkA kA cakkara lagAkara bhArata phuNcaa| vyApArika lAbha se AkarSita hokara kramazaH Daca, Dena, phrAMsIsI aura briTiza bhI bhArata aae| inhoMne mugala sAmrAjya ke zanaiH-zanaiH patana aura bhArata kI rAjanItika durbalatA kA anucita lAbha utthaayaa| dhIre-dhIre inake tIna uddezya vikasita ho gae - ka) vyApArika, kha) rAjanItika aura ga) IsAI dharma kA prcaar-prsaar| inhoMne zikSA kA sahArA lekara dharmapracAra kI nIti apnaaii| jagaha-jagaha para mizana skUloM kI sthApanA kI aura saMcAlana ke lie IsAI pAdariyoM ko bhArata bulaayaa| inheM apane-apane deza kI sarakAra tathA vyApArika saMsthAoM dvArA Arthika sahAyatA milatI rhii| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 122 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #189
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (1) purtagAliyoM ke zikSA-prayAsa - inhoMne govA se lekara laMkA taka aneka sthAnoM para prAthamika skUla khole| inameM romana kaitholika dharma, purtagAlIbhASA, sthAnIyabhASA, gaNita, kRSi, hastakalA Adi kI zikSAe~ dI gii| yahA~ IsAI dharma ko svIkAra karane vAle baccoM tathA purtagAlI evaM yUropIya baccoM ko niHzulka zikSA dI jAtI thii| sAtha hI nirdhana baccoM ko pustakeM, bhojana tathA vastra kI bhI suvidhA dI jAtI thii| inhoneM ucca zikSA ke lie jaisueTa kaoNleja kI sthApanA kii| yahA~ IsAIdharma, tarkazAstra, laiTinabhASA tathA saMgIta kI zikSA pradAna kI jAtI thii| san 1575 I. meM prathama jaisueTa kaoNleja govA meM kholA gayA, jisameM 300 se adhika vidyArthI the| bhArata ke prathama mudraNAlaya kI sthApanA kA zreya bhI purtagAliyoM ko hI hai| purtagAlI pAdariyoM meM se seMTa jeviyara aura seMTa raoNbarTa mukhya the, jinhoMne zikSA ke kSetra meM prazaMsanIya kArya kie| (2) DacoM ke zikSA prayAsa - satrahavIM zatAbdI meM haoNleNDavAsiyoM (DacoM) ne bhArata meM apane kArakhAne khole| ye catura rAjanItijJa the| inhoMne dharmazikSA ko mahattva nahIM diyA, balki kArakhAnoM ke karmacAriyoM ke bAlakoM ke lie kucha skUla khole| ina skUloM meM bhAratIya bAlakoM ko zikSA kI svatantratA thii| yahA~ DacabhASA, sthAnIyabhASA, bhUgola, gaNita tathA kalAkauzala sikhAyA jAtA thaa| (3) phrAMsIsiyoM ke zikSA prayAsa - inhoMne bhI dharma-pracAra ke lie vidyAlaya khole| vizeSatA yaha thI ki inameM IsAI dharma kI zikSA anivArya thii| bhAratIya zikSakoM dvArA sthAnIyabhASA kI jAnakArI dI jAtI thii| praveza ke lie koI pratibandha nahIM thaa| nirdhana chAtroM ko bhojana, vastra, pustaka Adi kA pralobhana diyA jAtA thaa| (4) Deno ke zikSA-prayAsa - DenamArkavAsiyoM (Deno) ne TraMkobAra, tricanApallI, taMjaura, madrAsa Adi sthAnoM para aneka prAthamika skUla prArambha kie| san 1713 I. meM TraMkobAra meM bhArata kA sarvaprathama adhyApaka-prazikSaNa mahAvidyAlaya kholaa| bhArata meM Adhunika zikSA ke vikAsa meM Dena mizanariyoM kA ullekhanIya yogadAna rahA hai|" (5) aMgrejoM ke zikSA-prayAsa - rAjanItika dRSTi se aMgrejoM kA prabhutva sarvAdhika rhaa| briTiza IsTa iNDiyA kampanI ne vyApAra ke sAtha-sAtha dharmapracAra ko bhI mahattva diyaa| kampanI ke karmacArIgaNa dharmapracAra ko apanA karttavya mAnate the| ve proTasTeMTa mata ke IsAI pAdariyoM ko bhArata bhejate the, jinakA kirAyA aura sArA zikSA-vyaya donoM hI kampanI vahana karatI thii| eka rAjanItika zakti ke rUpa meM ubharane para kampanI kA IsAI mizanariyoM ke sAtha sambandha TUTane lgaa| san 1800 ke lagabhaga kampanI dharma-parivartana ke prayAsoM kI virodhI bana gaI, phira bhI aMtaraMga sambandhoM ke kAraNa se san 1853 taka mizanariyoM ko kampanI se sahAyatA milatI rhii| sambandha TUTane ke bAda bhI kampanI aura mizanarI ke dvArA pRthak-pRthaka rUpa se zikSA kA vikAsa jArI rhaa| kampanI ne san 1800 meM kalakattA meM phorTa viliyama kaoNleja aura san 1818 meM madrAsa meM phorTa jArja kaoNleja kholaa| 123 adhyAya 3 : zikSA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #190
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ san 1813 meM mizanariyoM ko bhArata jAkara dharma pracAra kI adhika svatantratA de dI gii| isI varSa briTiza saMsada ne kampanI ko bhArata para zAsana karane sambandhI AjJA patra kA navInIkaraNa bhI kiyaa| prativarSa eka lAkha rUpae yA adhika kA vyaya zikSA kSetra meM karane kA prAvadhAna kiyA, jise san 1833 meM bar3hAkara dasa lAkha kara diyA gyaa| san 1835 meM maikAle ne apanA vivaraNa-patra peza kiyA, jisameM usane pAzcAtya zikSA para jora diyaa| vaha aMgrejI bhASA ko zikSA kA mAdhyama banAnA cAhatA thaa| usane kahA, "hama bhArata meM aise vyaktiyoM kA varga banAnA cAhate haiM, jo raMga aura rakta meM bhale hI bhAratIya hoM, parantu khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana, AcAra-vicAra tathA buddhi meM pUre aMgreja hoN|"35 tatkAlIna gavarnara lArDa baiMTika ne maikAle kA vivaraNa-patra svIkAra kara liyaa| san 1830 se san 1857 taka kA kAla 'mizana vidyAlaya yuga' kahalAyA, kyoMki isameM mizanariyoM kA zikSA prayAsa kAphI bar3ha gayA thaa| isa bIca bambaI meM vilsana kaoNleja, madrAsa meM krizciyana kaoNleja, machalIpaTanama meM nobala kaoNleja , nAgapura meM krizciyana kaoNleja, AgarA meM seMTa jAMsa kaoNleja Adi sthApita hue| aba aMgrejI mAdhyama vAle mAdhyamika vidyAlaya aura mahAvidyAlaya jyAdA khole jAne lage, jinameM bAibila kI zikSA anivArya kara dI gii| vidyArthiyoM kI saMkhyA meM uttarottara vRddhi hotI gaI, kyoMki logoM meM sarakArI naukariyoM ke prati behada AkarSaNa thaa|" san 1857 kA prathama svatantratA saMgrAma hone ke bAda kampanI dvArA bhArata kA zAsana mahArAnI vikToriyA ko sauMpa diyA gyaa| san 1882 ke bAda kA kAla bhAratIya zikSA ke itihAsa meM mahattvapUrNa krAnti aura pragati kA yuga thaa| aba taka videzI zAsakoM dvArA kiyA gayA zikSA sudhAra, vastutaH rAjanItika svArthapUrti se abhiprerita thA, isIlie bhAratIyoM ne 'zikSA' ko rASTrIya Andolana kA mukhya aMga banA diyaa| isa prakAra, Adhunika yuga meM 'zikSA' kA mukhya uddezya vyakti kA vikAsa nahIM, balki rAjanItika, vyApArika aura dhArmika pracAra hI raha gyaa| vistRta carcA ke pazcAt yaha rahasya udghATita hotA hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla se lekara Adhunika yuga ke Agamana taka zikSA aura zikSaNa-paddhati meM vyApaka parivartana jarUra Ae, lekina zikSA ko samAja ne hamezA hI zIrSa sthAna diyaa| rAjanItika, Arthika, sAmAjika aura bhaugolika bAdhAoM ke bAvajUda bhI zikSA ke prati usakA pUrNa jhukAva banA rhaa| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki zikSA kA mAnava jIvana meM sArvakAlika mahattva rahA hai| phira bhI, yaha mAnanA hogA kI samaya ke pravAha meM prAcya zikSA kA hrAsa aura pAzcAtya zikSA kA vikAsa huaa| isase AdhyAtmika evaM naitika saMskRti kA patana huA aura bhautika evaM svArthaparaka saMskRti kI pragati huii| yaha asantulita zikSA jIvana kI avyavasthA kA kAraNa hai aura ise sudhAranA hI zikSA-prabandhana kA dhyeya hai| isakI carcA Age vistAra se kI jaaegii| 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 124 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #191
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3.3 vartamAna yuga meM zikSA kA mahattva prAcInakAla se hI mAnavIya-cetanA ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha 'zikSA' kA mahattva bhI bar3hatA gayA aura Aja yaha apane carama utkarSa para hai| kisI apekSA se Aja zikSA kA mahattva anuttara aura apUrva hai| aba 'zikSA' para kisI vargavizeSa kA adhikAra bhI nahIM rhaa| janasAmAnya meM zikSA ke prati vizeSa abhiruci aura samarpaNa paidA ho gayA hai| yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki roTI, kapar3A aura makAna ke pazcAt 'zikSA' jIvana kI cauthI buniyAdI AvazyakatA bana cukI hai| ataeva yaha yuga jJAna ke visphoTa (Knowledge Blast) kA yuga bhI kahalAtA hai, jo nimnalikhita binduoM se parilakSita hotA hai - (1) zikSA ke saMsthAnoM (Institutes for Education) kI vRddhi zikSA ke vibhinna saMsthAnoM kI saMkhyAtmaka aura guNAtmaka abhivRddhi bhI zikSA ke bar3hate hue mahattva ko darzAtI hai| bhArata meM vizvavidyAlayoM kI saMkhyA isa prakAra rahI hai - I.san 1887 1921 1950_2007 saMkhyA 5 12 30 306 isI prakAra, bhArata meM zaikSika mahattva kI abhivRddhi ko nimnalikhita sAraNI ke mAdhyama se samajhA jA sakatA hai - zikSA ke - 1950-1951 361999-2000 vibhAga vidyAlaya vidyArthI zikSaka-vidyArthI vidyAlaya vidyArthI zikSaka-vidyArthI anupAta anupAta prAthamika 2:10.0001.91 karor3a 1:24 6,42,000 11.36 1:43 (kakSA 1-5) karor3a ucca prAthamika 13,600 32 lAkha 1:20 1,98,000 4.20 karor3a 1:38 (kakSA 6-8) zikSaka saMkhyA zikSaka saMkhyA mAdhyamika 7,416 15 lAkha -1.27 lAkha 1,16,820 2.82 karor3a 17.20 lAkha (kakSA 9-10) ucca mAdhyamika (kakSA 11-12) mahAvidyAlaya 750 11,089 1263 lAkha 24,000 7417 lAkha 3.42 lAkha vizvavidyAlaya 30 238 madhya-yuga meM vidyAlayoM ke bhavana Adi kI sthiti dayanIya hotI thI, lekina Adhunika yuga kI vidyAzAlAe~ prAyaH navIna upakaraNoM evaM pharnIcara se susajjita hotI haiN| chAtrAvAsa, pustakAlaya, 125 adhyAya 3: zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #192
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kampyUTara laiba, iMTaraneTa, krIr3A kSetra, bhojanAlaya (mesa), keMTIna, parivahana Adi suvidhAe~ prAyaH upalabdha rahatI haiN| kucha atiAdhunika vidyA-saMsthAoM meM vAtAnukUlitatantra, svImiMgapUla, nATyagRha (Auditorium) Adi kI suvidhAe~ bhI dI jA rahI haiN| yadyapi yaha sthiti sarvatra nahIM hai, phira bhI saba milAkara kahA jA sakatA hai ki vidyAzAlAoM kI sthiti meM asAdhAraNa sudhAra AyA hai| Ajakala kociMga iMsTiTyUTsa kA pracalana bhI bar3ha gayA hai| inameM se sAmAnya zreNI ke iMsTiTyUTsa to galI-galI meM khula gae haiM aura vizeSa stara ke bhI kama nahIM haiN| kucha-kucha zaharoM, jaise - mumbaI, puNe, baiMgalora, dillI, indaura, koTA, bhilAI Adi kI prasiddhi kA eka kAraNa vahA~ ke 'iMsTiTyUTsa' haiN| (2) pAThyasAmagrI kI AsAna upalabdhatA vartamAna yuga meM zuddha aura tvarita mudraNa kI suvidhA hone se pAThyapustakoM kA prakAzana AsAna ho gayA hai, jisase pustakeM evaM anya pAThyasAmagriyA~ bAjAra meM AsAnI se upalabdha ho rahI haiN| kaI sarakArI vidyAlayoM meM to niHzulka zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha pustaka Adi kA vitaraNa bhI niHzulka kiyA jA rahA hai| isI prakAra, ilekTraoNnika upakaraNoM, jaise - kampyUTara, I-mela, iMTaraneTa, ilekTraoNnika DAyarI, kelkyuleTara Adi se zikSA jagat meM krAnti A gaI hai| (3) strI-zikSA kI vizeSa abhivRddhi eka samaya thA jaba mugalazAsana meM strI-zikSA para pratibandha thA, lekina pichale Der3ha sau varSoM meM isa dizA meM asAdhAraNa vikAsa huA hai| san 1998 meM kie gae eka sarve ke anusAra, vidyArjana ke yogya umra vAlI bAlikAoM meM se vidyAlaya jAne vAlI chAtrAoM kA pratizata isa prakAra hai - grAmINa zaharI kula vidyAlaya prAthamika 41. 8 46.4 42.7 47.6 41.5 mAdhyamika 37. 8 mAdhyamika | 29. 6 4101365 kaI parIkSAoM meM chAtroM kI apekSA chAtrAe~ Age A rahI haiM, jo strI-zikSA ke bar3hate hue mahattva kA hI pariNAma hai| 12 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 126 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #193
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (4) vikalAMga-zikSA kI vyavasthA yUnIsepha (UNICEF) saMsthA ke anusAra, vizva meM prAyaH dasa meM se eka baccA vikalAMga hai|42 vikalAMga-zikSA ke lie rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya stara para prayAsa kie jA rahe haiN| eka ora cikitsAvijJAna ke mAdhyama se inakI zArIrika aura mAnasika kamiyoM ko AMzika yA pUrNarupa se dUra karane kA prayAsa ho rahA hai, to dUsarI ora inheM vyAvahArika jIvana ke yogya zikSAe~ bhI dI jA rahI haiM, tAki ve Atmanirbhara bana skeN| san 1975 meM vikalAMgoM ke lie sthApita saMsthAoM aura saMgaThanoM kI gaNanA kA prayAsa kiyA gayA, jisakA sAra isa prakAra hai - manda-buddhi vikRta-aMga badhira andha kula kula saMsthAe~ saMsthAe~ saMsthAe~ saMsthAe~ saMsthAe~ saMgaThana 117 150 152 195 6 14 216 (yaha jJAtavya hai ki san 1975 ke bAda inameM aura adhika abhivRddhi huI hai|) (5) pichar3I jAti ke vikAsa kI vyavasthA sAmAjika dRSTi se, sabhI vargoM aura jAtiyoM ke baccoM ke lie zikSA ke dvAra khula gae haiN| pichar3I jAti ke vidyArthiyoM ko vidyAsaMsthAnoM meM praveza ke lie ArakSaNa suvidhAe~ dI jA rahI haiN| unheM protsAhita karane ke lie chAtravRtti (Scholarship), chAtrAvAsa (Hostel), niHzulka zikSA evaM bhojana Adi vyavasthAe~ bhI kI gaI haiN| (6) adhyApaka-zikSA kI paramparA kA vikAsa DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ke anusAra, samAja meM adhyApaka kA sthAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| vaha eka pIr3hI se dUsarI pIr3hI ko bauddhika-paramparAe~ aura takanIkI-kauzala pahu~cAne kA keMdra hai aura sabhyatA ke dIpaka ko prajvalita rakhane meM sahAyatA detA hai| adhyApaka samAja ke bhaviSya kA saMrakSaka hai, ataH Ajakala adhyApakoM ke prazikSaNa ko bhI atyadhika mahattva diyA jA rahA hai| isase zikSaka kI adhyApana kSamatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| adhyApaka-zikSA ke do prakAra pracalita haiM - (ka) sevApUrva - isake lie snAtaka aura snAtakottara stara ke pAThyakrama banAe gae haiM, jo kramazaH 'bI.eDa.' aura 'ema.eDa.' kahalAte haiN| (kha) sevAkAlIna - sevAkAla meM bhI zikSaka kI kSamatA ke vikAsa ke lie kaI vidhiyA~ haiM,46 jaise - 1) abhinava kAryakrama (Refresher Course) 3) AMzika prazikSaNa kAryakrama 2) kAryazAlA (Work Shop) 4) saMgoSThI (Seminar) 127 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 13 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #194
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5) vyAkhyAna 7) anusandhAna kArya 6) pArasparika paricarcA 8) zaikSika philma (7) abhikaraNa (Agencies) Aja zikSA vizvastara kI mahattvapUrNa gatividhi bana cukI hai| zikSA ke prabandhana ke lie aneka abhikaraNa (Agencies) apanI-apanI bhUmikA nibhA rahe haiN| bhArata meM ye abhikaraNa rASTrIya, prAntIya aura jilA stara para ba~Te hue haiN| mukhya abhikaraNoM ke nAma nimnalikhita haiM" - (ka) zikSA ke keMdrIya abhikaraNa mAnava saMsAdhana vikAsa maMtrAlaya (Ministry of Human Resource Development) keMdrIya zikSA salAhakAra borDa (Central Advisory Board of Education) rASTrIya zaikSika anusandhAna aura prazikSaNa-pariSad (National Council of Education Research & Training - NCERT) rASTrIya zaikSika yojanA evaM prazAsana saMsthAna (National Institute of Education Planning and Administration) rASTrIya adhyApaka-zikSA-pariSad (National Council for Teacher's Education) keMdrIya mAdhyamika zikSA keMdra (Central Board of Secondary Education) (kha) zikSA ke rAjya evaM jilA starIya abhikaraNa rAjya zaikSika anusandhAna aura prazikSaNa pariSad (State Council of Education Research & Training) mAdhyamika zikSA borDa (Board of Secondary Education) jilA zikSA aura prazikSaNa saMsthAna (District Institute of Education & Training) adhyApaka zikSaNa kaoNleja ___ (Teachers' Training College) ucca zikSA adhyayana saMsthAna (Institute of Advanced Studies) jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 14 128 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #195
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (8) abhibhAvakoM meM zaikSika jAgarukatA kA vikAsa bAlaka ke vyaktitva-nirmANa meM mAtA, pitA aura gurU - ye tIna uttama zikSaka haiN| inameM bhI guru se adhika mahattva mAtA-pitA kA hai| Adhunika yuga meM bAlaka-bAlikA kI zikSA meM abhibhAvakoM kI ruci bhI bar3ha rahI hai| hara abhibhAvaka apane baccoM para adhikAdhika vyaya karake bhI zreSTha zikSA dene kA prayAsa kara rahA hai| baccoM kI zikSA ke prati abhibhAvakoM kI bar3hatI huI gambhIratA (Sincerity) aura sajagatA (Awareness) bhI zikSA ke mahattva ko iMgita karatI hai| (7) zikSA ke vividha AyAma vartamAna yuga zikSA ke kaI nae kSetroM ke udbhava kA yuga hai| vaijJAnika pragati ne kaI aparamparAgata zikSA kSetroM ko janma diyaa| sAtha hI kisI bhI kSetra meM vizeSajJa kI AvazyakatA bhI nae kSetroM ke vikAsa kA kAraNa bnii| zikSA ke mukhya AyAma nimnalikhita haiM, jo punaH zikSA kI mahattA ko prakAzita karate haiM - abhiyAMtrikI zikSA (Engineering) * kAnUnI zikSA (Law) takanIkI zikSA (Technical) kalA zikSA (Art) cikitsIya zikSA (Medical) gRhavijJAna zikSA (Home Science) prabandhana zikSA (Management) zArIrika zikSA (Physical) vANijya zikSA (Commerce) (10) vidyArthiyoM kI bar3hatI abhiruci zikSA ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa meM vidyArthiyoM kA zikSA ke prati samarpaNa bhI vicAraNIya hai| Akhira kyoM koI bAlaka yA bAlikA apane gA~va, nagara, jilA, prAnta yA rASTra ko chor3akara adhyayana ke lie aparicita sthAnoM para bhI jAne ko saharSa taiyAra ho jAtA hai? Akhira kyoM eka vidyArthI kisI praveza parIkSA kI jabaradasta pratispardhA kA sAmanA karane ke lie yuddhastara para taiyArI karatA hai? kyoM vaha apane jIvana ke 20-25 varSa bhI zikSA prApti ke lie vyatIta kara detA hai? ye sabhI prazna zikSA kI bar3hatI lokapriyatA ko hI iMgita karate haiN| isa prakAra, yaha nirvivAda hai ki vartamAna yuga meM zikSA kA mahattva nirantara tIvra vega se vRddhizIla hai| phira bhI yaha vicAraNIya hai ki zikSA kA mahattva bar3hane para bhI kyA zikSA se jIvana-uddezyoM kI prApti ho rahI hai| isa vicAra kI samIkSA Age kI jAegI aura isake AdhAra para zikSA-prabandhana kI mahatI AvazyakatA prakaTa ho sakegI, kyoMki zikSA se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa zikSA prabandhana hai, jo hameM samyak zikSA kA mArgadarzana detA hai| =====4.>=== 129 adhyAya 3: zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #196
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3.4 vartamAna yuga meM zikSApraNAlI kI vizeSatAe~ (guNa-doSa) Adhunika yuga zaikSaNika krAnti kA yuga hai| isameM zikSA ke kSetra meM vyApaka parivartana hue haiN| jahA~ eka ora isakI nIMva meM prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kI punIta jhalaka hai, vahIM dUsarI ora pUrva kI videzI dAsatA evaM vartamAna kI pAzyAtya-saMskRti ke AkarSaNa kA prabhAva bhI spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki vartamAna bhAratIya zikSApraNAlI aneka saMskRtiyoM kA sammizrita pariNAma hai, jisase isameM guNa-doSa donoM vidyamAna haiN| isa zikSApraNAlI kI mukhya vizeSatAe~ (guNa-doSa) isa prakAra haiM - (1) bhautika-zikSA para bala - Aja bhautika-zikSA ke vikAsa ke lie gambhIratApUrvaka prayAsa kie gae haiM, jisase vizeSajJa DaoNkTara, iMjIniyara, vaijJAnika Adi kI niSpatti sambhava ho sakI hai, kintu ekapakSIya prayAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa zikSA kA naitika evaM AdhyAtmika pakSa gauNa ho gayA hai| (2) kramabaddha zikSA (Graded Education) - zikSA ko AsAna banAne ke lie use vibhinna staroM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai aura isa paddhati ko vartamAna meM 10+2+3 zikSApraNAlI bhI kahate haiN| isameM nimna krama se vidyArthiyoM ko adhyayana karAyA jAtA hai - 1) pUrva-prAthamika yA narsarI 6) snAtaka (Graduation) 2) prAthamika (kakSA 1 se 5) 7) snAtakottara (Post Graduation) 3) ucca prAthamika (kakSA 6 se 8) 8) ema.phila., pIeca.DI., DI.liT Adi anya 4) mAdhyamika (kakSA 9 se 10) vizeSa adhyayana 5) ucca mAdhyamika (kakSA 11 evaM 12) zikSA kI yaha kramika vyavasthA vastuniSTha to hai, kintu isameM vyakti ke mAnasika evaM bhAvAtmaka vikAsa ko koI mahattva nahIM mila rahA hai| (3) ekIkRta pAThyakrama (Unified Syllabus) - rASTrIya athavA prAntIya stara para yaha vyavasthA kI gaI hai ki samAna zaikSaNika stara vAle vidyArthiyoM kA pAThyakrama samAna honA cAhie, kintu isameM vaiyaktika aura prAdezika bhinnatAoM ko dRSTi se ojhala rakhA gyaa| (4) zikSAsthAna ke cayana kI suvidhA - yaha vyavasthA hai ki vidyArthI apane ghara se lekara vizva ke kisI bhI kone meM rahakara vidyArjana kara sakatA hai| isase zikSA kSetra meM eka vyApakatA to AI, kintu zikSA ativyayasAdhya bana gii| (5) zikSApaddhati ke cayana kI suvidhA - zikSA ko sarvopayogI banAne ke lie vividha zikSA paddhatiyA~ pracalita haiM, jaise - niyamita zikSA (Regular) aura aniyamita zikSA (Private), AvAsI (Residential), anivAsI (Nonresidential), dUrastha zikSA (Distance Education), vividha bhASika jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 16 130 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #197
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAdhyamoM se zikSA, jaise - hindI, aMgrejI aadi| isa vaividhya ke kAraNa cayana ke aneka vikalpa sAmane rahate haiM, kintu vyakti ko yogya nirNaya lene meM yogya mArgadarzana kI apekSA rakhanI hotI hai| (6) sAmAjika samAnatA para AdhArita zikSA - sAmAjika sadbhAvanA ke vikAsa ke lie Adhunika zikSA meM yaha vyavasthA kI jA rahI hai ki samAja kA koI bhI ghaTaka zikSA se vaMcita na raha jaae| Azaya yaha hai ki strI-purUSa, bAlaka-yuvA-praur3ha, nirdhana-dhanavAn, grAmINa-zaharI, uccakulIna-nimnakulIna, vyavasAyI-sevArata, svastha-vikalAMga Adi sabhI ko zikSA prApta karane kA avasara diyA jaae| yaha eka yogya nirNaya hai, kintu isake sAtha vaiyaktika evaM parivezIya bhinnatAoM para dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| (7) zikSA meM vyApakatA - Aja zikSA ko sarvavyApI banAyA jA rahA hai| zikSA ke vistAra ke lie sarakArI aura nijI saMsthAe~ apanA-apanA karttavya bakhUbI nibhA rahI haiN| pracAra-prasAra ke lie horDiMgsa, pempaleTsa, akhabAra, TI.vI., kampyUTara Adi sAdhanoM kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai| rAjadhAniyoM se lekara choTe-choTe gA~voM meM zikSA suvidhA dI jA rahI hai| kintu, isakA eka pariNAma yaha huA hai ki zikSA vyayasAdhya hotI jA rahI hai aura yaha sevA kA kArya na rahakara, eka vyavasAya bana gaI hai| (8) zikSA ke vividha viSaya - jaise-jaise laukika yA sUcanAtmaka jJAna kA vikAsa huA, vaise-vaise zikSA ke viSayoM (Subjects) kI gahanatA, vyApakatA aura vividhatA bhI bar3hatI gii| isase vizvavidyAlayoM meM anekAneka viSayoM kI zikSA dI jAne lagI hai| kaI sthAnoM para sarTiphikeTa korsesa ke mAdhyama se adhyayana karAne kI paramparA bhI cala rahI hai, kintu ina sabake hone para bhI mUlyAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika zikSA upekSita hI hai| (7) bahumAdhyamavAlI zikSA-paddhati - Ajakala 'malTImIDiyA' (bahumAdhyama) zikSA kA pracalana hai, jisameM dRzya (Video) aura zravya (Audio) sAmagriyoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha eka ucita kadama hai, kintu isake sAtha vidyArthI varga kI ruci kI vividhatA ko dhyAna meM rakhanA hogaa| (10) lacIlI zikSAnIti (Flexible Educational Policy) - zikSApraNAlI deza-kAla-sApekSa parivartanIya hai| isameM zaikSaNika-vikAsa kI dRSTi se yaha vyavasthA dI gaI hai ki Adhunika anusandhAnoM se prApta tathyoM ko sahajatayA svIkAra kara liyA jAe aura sAtha hI pracalita zikSA-vyavasthA kA mUlyAMkana kara unameM Avazyaka saMzodhana aura saMvarddhana bhI kara liyA jaae| (11) zikSA kA rASTrIyakaraNa - zikSA vyavasthA ko saMgaThita karane ke lie rASTrIyastara, prAntIyastara aura jilAstara para vividha abhikaraNoM (Agencies) kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| (12) andhavizvAsa aura andharUr3hirahita zikSA - Aja kI zikSA vyavasthA tarkaparaka aura tathyaparaka hai, jisameM andhavizvAsa aura andharUr3hiyoM ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| ise hI vaijJAnika 131 adhyAya 3: zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #198
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zikSA-paddhati bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha Adhunika zikSA vyavasthA kA sarvottama pakSa hai, kintu isakA eka pariNAma yaha huA hai ki isase AdhyAtmika tathyoM evaM mUlyoM ke prati AsthA kamajora ho gaI hai| (13) anivArya zikSA - sabhI ke lie prAthamika zikSA ko anivArya rakhA gayA hai| isake paripAlana ke lie sarakAra ne bAla-zramikoM kI niyukti, bAla-vivAha Adi ko daNDanIya aparAdha mAnA hai| sarakAra dvArA kaI pichar3e kSetroM meM vidyArthiyoM ke lie bhojana, vastra aura pAThyasAmagriyoM kA niHzulka vitaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| (14) sahAyatA anudAna praNAlI (Grant in Aid System) - zikSA-vyavasthA ke protsAhana ke lie Arthika anudAna die jA rahe haiM, kintu ina anudAnoM kI oTa meM bar3ha rahe bhraSTAcAra ko rokanA bhI atyAvazyaka hai| (15) adhyApaka zikSA - zikSA kA sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai - adhyaapk| suyogya adhyApaka hI zikSA-vyavasthA ko sArthaka banA sakatA hai| ataeva adhyApaka-zikSA dekara adhyApaka kI kSamatA kA saMvarddhana kiyA jA rahA hai, kintu naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM meM AI girAvaTa se isa zikSA ko bhI naukarI athavA padonnati pAne ke lie eka aupacArikatAmAtra mAnA jAne lagA hai| (16) adhyApakoM kI sthiti meM sudhAra - adhyApakoM kI Arthika dazA ko sudhArane ke lie anya suvidhAoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake vetanamAna meM bhI vizeSa vRddhi kI jAtI rahI hai, jisase ve nizcintatApUrvaka apanA karttavya-nirvAha kara skeN| kintu isake sAtha hI unakI vilAsitA evaM anaitikatA ko niyaMtrita karane ke lie bhI dhyAna denA Avazyaka ho gayA hai| __jainadarzana ke pariprekSya meM Adhunika zikSApraNAlI kI samIkSA Adhunika zikSApraNAlI kI uparyukta vizeSatAe~ bhale hI navIna mahasUsa hoM, lekina inameM se adhikAMza aMzataH yA pUrNataH prAcInayuga meM bhI vidyamAna thI, jaise - jainadarzana meM bhI laukika-zikSA para bala diyA gayA hai, isIlie prAcIna jainagranthoM meM SaTkarma zikSA (asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa) kA varNana milatA hai| phira bhI, itanA antara avazya hai ki jaina-zikSA-paddhati meM zikSA ke laukika-pakSa ko jIvana kA antima uddezya (Ultimate Goal) nahIM mAnA gayA hai| 'kramabaddha zikSA' kA bIja hameM prAcIna zikSA-vidhi meM bhI milatA hai| usameM bhI saiddhAntika aura prAyogika donoM prakAra kI zikSAoM kA krama varNita hai| udAharaNasvarUpa, jainazikSA meM AgamagranthoM ke adhyayana kA eka krama nirdhArita hai| isI prakAra se 'vrata-pratimA vyavasthA' ke dvArA cAritrika mUlyoM ke kramika vikAsa para bala diyA gayA hai|48 samAdhimaraNa ke lie bhI kramika taiyArI kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai ityaadi| 18 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 132 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #199
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina-saMgha meM samaya-samaya para vAcanAoM ke mAdhyama se jaina-sAhitya kA ekIkaraNa (Unification) evaM pramApIkaraNa (Standardisation) hotA rahA, isase na kevala jainasAhitya kA saMrakSaNa hotA rahA, balki jaina-dArzanika tattvoM kI ekatA bhI banI rahI, sAtha hI unameM vivecana evaM vyAkhyA kI gaharAI bhI aaii|50 zikSA-sthAna ke cayana kI AMzika suvidhA kA darzana hameM prAcInayuga kI zikSApraNAlI meM hotA hai| taba vyakti gurukulavAsa yA gurugRhavAsa bhI karatA thA aura nAlandA, takSazilA, vikramazilA Adi meM adhyayana ke lie sudUra videzoM se bhI AtA thaa| yaha sArvabhaumika niyama hai ki jahA~ dRSTi AdhyAtmika hotI hai, vahA~ sAmAjika bheda-bhAva vAlI saMkIrNa buddhi ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hotA hai| jainadarzana AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se sampanna hai| isameM sAmAjika sadbhAvanA kA sundara samAyojana milatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI cAroM vargoM ke the, jaise - * rAjA zreNika Adi - kSatriya * seTha sudarzana Adi - vaizya * iMdrabhUti gautama Adi - brAhmaNa * harikezI Adi - zUdra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM sAmAnya zikSA evaM AdhyAtmika zikSA kisI vargavizeSa ke lie nahIM, varan sabhI ke lie saralatA se grAhya thii| inhoMne sabhI vargoM ke strI-purUSoM ko AdhyAtmika vekAsa kA samAna rUpa se adhikArI mAnA thaa| jisa kAla meM strI-zikSA ko sabane tyAjya ThaharAyA, usa samaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ise prArambha kara striyoM ke lie zikSA ke dvAra khola die, jisase strI jAti meM bhI vikAsa kI cetanA jAgrata huii| zrImadrAjacaMdra ne bhI strI-zikSA ko protsAhita karate hue kahA hai ki striyoM ko zikSita karake strI-jAti kI dazA ko sudhArane kA prayatna karanA cAhie - bhaNAvI gaNAvI vanitA sudhaaro| * Aja ke samAna kampyUTara malTImIDiyA jaisI suvidhA usa yuga meM upalabdha nahIM hote hue bhI jaina-zikSA meM dRzya aura zravya sAmagriyoM kA prayoga to hotA hI thaa| jina-pratimA, citra, nATaka Adi pramukha dRzya-sAmagriyA~ rahIM, jabaki vAcanA Adi pramukha zravya-sAmagriyA~ rhii| * jainadharma meM zikSA-vyavasthA sadaiva hI locapUrNa rhii| kaI bAra gItArtha AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM aura muni-bhagavantoM ne deza, kAla evaM paristhiti sApekSa parivartana bhI kie haiN| utsarga (sAmAnya)-apavAda kI vyavasthAe~ bhI isakI paricAyaka haiN| 2 isa prakAra, Adhunika zikSApraNAlI meM jo sakArAtmaka vizeSatAe~ dRSTigocara ho rahI haiM, usake aneka tathya prAcIna zikSApraNAlI meM bhI milate haiM aura zikSA-prabandhana ke lie ina siddhAntoM kI prAsaMgikatA se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| =====< >===== 133 adhyAya 3: zikSA-prabandhana 19 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #200
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3. 5 varttamAna yuga meM zikSApraNAlI kI mukhya kamiyA~ evaM duSpariNAma Aja zikSA kA atyadhika mahattva hai| pratyeka vyakti meM zikSA ke prati eka viziSTa jAgRti utpanna huI hai / yaha atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hai ki azikSita jIvana Aja eka abhizApa bana cukA hai, jise tiraskAra kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai| ataH prAyaH sabhI zikSita honA cAhate haiN| lekina itanA hI saba kucha nahIM hai| zikSA - prApti se adhika Avazyaka hai, samIcIna zikSA kI prApti / sirpha zikSA kI prasiddhi hI vyakti aura samAja ko pragati aura utthAna ke U~ce zikhara para nahIM pahu~cA sakatI / Azaya yaha hai ki zikSA kI bar3hatI huI mahattA hI zikSA kI prAmANikatA, zuddhatA aura upayogitA kA mApadaNDa nahIM bana sakatI / jIvana - prabandhana zikSA ko nahIM, varan samyak zikSA ko prAthamikatA detA hai / Aja vyakti aura samAja meM burAiyA~ anavarata rUpa se bar3ha rahI haiM, jo mAnava jAti ke lie eka khatarA hai| yaha cintanIya hai ki eka tarapha 'zikSA' kI prasiddhi bar3ha rahI hai, to dUsarI ora samAja kA patana ho rahA hai| pratyeka buddhijIvI evaM vicArazIla vyakti isa virodhAbhAsa se Azcaryacakita va zokagrasta hai aura isa samasyA kA zIghrAtizIghra samAdhAna cAhatA hai / vastutaH yaha niyama hai ki zikSA se vyakti aura vyakti se samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai| yadi zikSA samyak ho, to svastha samAja kI saMracanA hotI hai, kintu jaba zikSA meM visaMgatiyA~ ghara kara jAtI haiM, to samAja meM bhI vikRtiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiN| varttamAna pariveza meM sAmAjika jIvana-mUlyoM meM tejI se A rahI girAvaTa Adhunika zikSApraNAlI kI prAmANikatA ke lie eka praznacihna hai| isa prakaraNa meM Adhunika zikSApraNAlI kI mukhya visaMgatiyoM para carcA kI gaI hai, jisase zikSA -prabandhana kI prakriyA dvArA unakA nirAkaraNa karake unase utpanna ho rahe duSprabhAvoM se bacA jA ske| zikSA - prabandhana samyak zikSA ke saMsthApana aura mithyA zikSA ke utthApana kI eka jIvanopayogI prakriyA hai| yadyapi zikSApraNAlI kI sampUrNa visaMgatiyoM ko dUra kara pAnA AsAna nahIM hai, phira bhI unase paricita honA Avazyaka hai| inheM jAnakara hI hameM varttamAna - pariveza meM upalabdha ucita saMsAdhanoM kA samyak cayana karate hue samyak zikSA - prabandhana karane kI AvazyakatA kA bodha hogA / vastutaH, zikSA - prabandhana bhI yahI prakriyA hai ki hama varttamAna meM upalabdha zaikSika vAtAvaraNa kI kamiyoM aura unake duSpariNAmoM kI samyak samIkSA kareM tathA samyak zikSA - prApti ke saMsAdhanoM kA sadupayoga karate hue samyak zikSA prApta kareM / - Adhunika zikSApraNAlI aneka samasyAoM se grasta hai / prAyaH isake sabhI ghaTaka jaise - zikSArthI, zikSaka, zAsana, samAja, abhibhAvaka aura zikSaNapaddhati ina samasyAoM ke lie jimmedAra haiN| ye samasyAe~ Adhunika yuga meM zikSA ke lie kie jA rahe athaka parizrama ko vyartha banA rahI haiN| ina samasyAoM se ubharakara vyaktitva kA samagra vikAsa karanA hI zikSA kA sahI tAtparya hai aura yahI zikSA - prabandhana kA lakSya hai| Age, Adhunika zikSApraNAlI kI nimnalikhita kamiyoM evaM unake jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 20 134 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #201
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ duSpariNAmoM kI carcA kI jA rahI hai zikSArthI ke uddezya kI aspaSTatA abhibhAvakoM kI lakSyavihInatA zikSakoM kI karttavyavimukhatA 3.5.1 zikSArthI ke uddezya kI aspaSTatA zikSA kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aMga hai - zikSArthI / Aja zikSArthiyoM kI saMkhyA bhale hI bar3ha rahI hai, lekina yaha durbhAgya hai ki inake samakSa zikSA kA vAstavika uddezya spaSTa nahIM hai| sAmAnya rUpa se Aja zikSArthI ke sammukha nimnalikhita uddezya hote haiM. - (1) AjIvikA Aja kI viDambanA yaha hai ki zikSA ko mAtra udarapUrti kA sAdhana banA diyA gayA hai| vidyArthI ko bacapana se hI DaoNkTara, iMjIniyara, sI.e., ema.bI.e. Adi banane kI preraNA milatI rahatI hai, kyoMki isase acchI AjIvikA upalabdha ho jAtI hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha paramparA briTiza zAsana ke samaya se hI calI A rahI hai| vidyArthI par3ha-likhakara DigrI prApta karatA hai aura naukarI DhU~DhatA hai / zikSArjana ke dvArA usakA ekamAtra lakSya Arthika lAbha prApta karanA hone se usake jIvana meM naitika aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI upekSA ho jAtI hai| sAmAjika visaMgatiyA~ prazAsanika avyavasthA evaM aprAmANikatA zikSaNa-paddhati kI samasyAe~ - aise vidyArthI kA jIvana prAyaH AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha kI mUla pravRttiyoM (Instincts) ko santuSTa karane meM hI bIta jAtA hai aura jIvana pazuvat raha jAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai AhAra-nidrA-bhaya-maithunaM ca, sAmAnyametad pazubhiH narANAm / jJAno hi teSAmadhiko vizeSo, jJAnena hInAH pazubhiH samAnAH / / yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja ke zikSita vyakti meM svArtha aura saMkIrNatA bar3hatI jA rahI hai I vyAvasAyika dRSTikoNa hone se vaha artha (paise) ko jIvana kI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa vastu mAnatA hai / usake sampUrNa jIvana kA sAdhya artha - prApti bana gayA hai| pahale vaha zikSA ke lie artha juTAtA hai aura bAda meM artha ke lie zikSA ko sAdhana banAtA hai| isase usake sampUrNa jIvana ke bhAvanAtmaka aura saMvedanAtmaka pakSa zuSka aura kaThora bana gae haiN| vaha naitika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM ko bhUla gayA hai| usameM dayA, sevA, zAnti, sahajatA, kSamA Adi sadguNoM kA abhAva ho gayA hai| yahI nahIM, sampatti upArjana ke lie vaha anaitika aura bhraSTa AcaraNa bhI karatA hai| artha jIvana nirvAha kA sAdhana hai, kintu usI ko sAdhya mAna lene se prAyaH binA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kie, AjIvana paisA kamAne ke lie pasInA bahAtA rahatA hai aura anta meM khAlI hAtha isa jIvana se vidA ho jAtA hai| -- (2) pralobhana Aja grAmINa aura pichar3e kSetroM meM adhikAMza vidyArthI AvAsa, bhojana, chAtravRtti Adi ke pralobhana se AkarSita hokara par3ha rahe haiN| aise chAtroM ko zikSA - mUlyoM se koI sarokAra nahIM hotA, kyoMki inake vicAroM meM zikSA pAnA mAtra aupacArikatA hai| 135 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 21
Page #202
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isakA duSpariNAma yaha hotA hai ki ye lobhI vidyArthI bhaviSya meM pramAdI, bhraSTAcArI, rizvatakhora Adi bana jAte haiN| inake vyaktitva kA samyak vikAsa bhI nahIM ho paataa| ye svAvalambI nahIM, balki samAja ke lie bhArarUpa ho jAte haiN| (3) sAmAjika pahacAna (Social Recognition) - kaI loga isalie bhI zikSArjana karate haiM ki samAja meM unakI eka pahacAna bana ske| unheM bhaya hotA hai ki yadi ve azikSita rahe, to sAmAjika mAnyatA nahIM milegI aura samAja unakA tiraskAra kregaa| Aja samAja meM aise zikSita vyaktiyoM kI bharamAra hai, jo pratibhAparaka ke bajAya pradarzanaparaka hote haiN| aise vyakti apanI bauddhika-zikSA ke AdhAra para samAja meM apanA viziSTa sthAna to banA lete haiM, lekina ye sirpha bauddhika vicAroM kA hI lena-dena karate haiM, kyoMki inameM vicAroM ke kriyAnvayana kI abhiruci kA abhAva hotA hai| sAmAjika pratiSThA prApta karanA hI inakA lakSya hotA hai| Aja samAja ko pratiSThA prApti kI cAha rakhane vAloM ke bajAya ImAnadAra kAryakartAoM kI AvazyakatA hai, jisase samAja aura vyakti kI samyak pragati ho ske| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kapilakumAra kA varNana milatA hai, jinhoMne apane parivAra kI khoI huI pada-pratiSThA pAne ke lie vidyArjana kA udyama kiyA, lekina lakSya galata hone ke kAraNa unakA cAritrika patana ho gyaa| jaba Atma-samIkSA karate hue isakA bhAna huA, taba unhoMne apane lakSya ko AdhyAtmikatA kI ora mor3a diyaa| (4) ahaMkAra kA poSaNa (Ego Satisfaction) - kaI loga ucca zikSA kI prApti kA prayAsa isalie bhI karate haiM ki yadi ve avvala nambara prApta kareMge, to samAja unheM na kevala mAnyatA degA, apitu unheM eka viziSTa sammAna, Adara, yaza aura prasiddhi bhI degaa| Aja vyakti ko roTI se bhI jyAdA bhUkha mAna-sammAna kI hotI hai| Aja lAkhoM zikSita vyakti aise bhI haiM, jinheM berojagAra rahanA to svIkAra hai, lekina apanI pratiSThA kA vyAmoha hone se kama vetana meM kArya karanA svIkAra nahIM haiN| isI prakAra se kaI zikSita loga pada aura pratiSThA ke lie chala , kapaTa, vizvAsaghAta Adi anaitika AcaraNa bhI kara rahe haiN| kaI aise bhI haiM, jo zikSita hone ke ahaMkAra meM apane se alpazikSitoM kA zoSaNa karate hue bhI dekhe jAte haiN| inameM adhikAra jatAne kI pravRtti adhika hotI hai| zikSitoM kI yaha ahaMkArI manovRtti vastutaH unakI nakArAtmaka UrjA ko bar3hAtI hai, jisase unakI pragati avarUddha hotI hai| Aja bhale hI hama sAmAjika ekatA kI duhAI dete hoM, lekina yaha manobhAva hamArI sAmAjika viSamatA ko bahuta tejI se bar3hA rahA hai, kyoMki ahaMkArI vyakti dUsare vyaktiyoM ko kucha samajhate hI nahIM haiN| jainazAstroM meM aise aneka prasaMga varNita haiM, jinameM se eka haribhadra bhaTTa (haribhadrasUri kA pUrva nAma) kA hai| ye hamezA apane sAtha sIr3hI, kudAlI aura paTTA rakhate the, jo sAMketika rUpa se yaha iMgita karate the ki vAdI kahIM bhI chipA ho, ve usa taka pahu~cakara use parAsta kara sakate haiN| kintu jaina sAdhvI 22 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 136 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #203
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yAkinI mahattarA dvArA uccarita eka gAthA kA artha na samajha pAne se unake aMhakAra ko Thesa pahuMcI aura apanI asantulita zikSA kA bhAna huA, jise samagra banAne hetu unhoMne zrIjinabhadrasUri ke pAsa bhAgavatI dIkSA aMgIkAra kI aura kramazaH apanI zikSA kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa kiyaa|55 (5) cAlAkI (Cunningness) - eka mAnyatA yaha bhI hai ki jo kama par3he-likhe hote haiM, ve bhole-bhAle aura sIdhe-sAde hote haiN| ataH caturAI aura zaThatA sIkhane ke lie bhI vyakti zikSA prApta karatA hai| vaha isa bAta kI upekSA kara detA hai ki cAlAkI, kuTilatA, ThagI, vizvAsaghAta Adi kA vyavahAra usake vyaktitva ke patana kA kAraNa hai| zikSA ke mAdhyama se cAlAkI sIkhakara vaha dUsaroM kA ahita karane evaM svayaM ke bhautika hita ko hI sAdhane meM lagA rahatA hai| pariNAma yaha hai ki mAnava kA mAnava para se vizvAsa DagamagAne lagA hai| Aja bhAI-bhAI, pitA-putra, mA~-beTI, pati-patnI, gurU-ziSya Adi ke pavitra sambandhoM meM bhI darAreM A gaI haiN| jainaAcArazAstra kahate haiM ki vaha anaitika tarIkoM se bhale hI sukha-suvidhA prApta kara legA, lekina jIvana meM zAnti aura sammAna se vaMcita raha jaaegaa| vaha anyoM kI sadbhAvanA, sneha aura vAtsalya ke lie hamezA tarasatA rhegaa| (6) vivAha sambandhoM meM AsAnI - eka janapracalita vicAradhArA hai ki zikSita vyakti kA vivAha-sambandha AsAnI se ho jAtA hai, jabaki azikSita vyakti kA nhiiN| isa dhAraNA se bhI vyakti zikSA prApta karatA hai| isakA pariNAma hai ki aise vidyArthI sirpha DigrI prApti ke lie lAlAyita rahate haiN| inheM jIvana meM zikSA kI upayogitA samajha meM nahIM aatii| Aja bhI kaI lar3akiyA~ aisI haiM, jinake jIvana meM DigrI kA mahattva vivAha hone taka hI dikhAI detA hai| vivAha ke pazcAt unake jIvana meM prApta zikSA kA koI upayoga dikhAI nahIM detaa| isa sandarbha meM jainakathAsAhitya meM ilAyacIkumAra kI kathA prasiddha hai, jinhoMne naTakanyA ko pAne ke lie apane jIvana ko naTavidyA sIkhane meM lagA diyA aura sAtha hI kula ke gaurava ko bhI dhUla-dhusarita kara diyaa| isa aprabandhita jIvanazailI kA ehasAsa unheM eka nirgrantha muni (jIvana-prabandhaka) ko dekhakara huaa| tatkAla unhoMne AtmasAdhanA kI ora kadama bar3hAyA aura kSaNa meM hI ve pUrNatva ko prApta ho ge| (7) lokAcAra kA andhAnukaraNa - Aja zikSA-prApti eka phaizana bana cukA hai| vyakti ko yaha nahIM patA hotA hai ki mujhe kyoM par3hanA hai? athavA kyA par3hanA hai? ityaadi| vaha to isalie par3hatA hai, kyoMki saba par3ha rahe haiN| sAmAnyatayA aise vidyArthI DigrI prApta kara santuSTa to ho jAte haiM, para zikSA kA jIvana meM samyak prayoga nahIM kara paate| yathocita ruci ke abhAva meM unameM zikSA ke prati Avazyaka gambhIratA evaM 137 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #204
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ niyamitatA nahIM A pAtI, kyoMki zikSA unake lie sirpha eka lokarUr3hi kA nirvAha karanA raha jAtI (8) vivazatA - kaI zikSArthI svecchA se nahIM par3hate, apitu abhibhAvakoM ke dvArA jabaradastI zikSAlayoM meM bheja die jAte haiN| aise vidyArthI aksara avAMchanIya kAryoM, jaise - hAsya, vyaMgya, gapa-zapa, bAra, zIzA (hukkA) Adi meM samaya aura dhana kA kharca karate rahate haiN| svaruci kA abhAva hone se inameM mAtA, pitA aura gurujanoM ke prati ucita samarpaNa bhI nahIM rahatA aura ulTA, bhItara hI bhItara unake prati vidveSa kI bhAvanA bar3hatI jAtI hai| kaI bAra ye vidyArthI inakI AjJA aura anuzAsana ko bhI bhaMga karane se nahIM hickicaate| (9) maujamastI - Aja zikSA-prApti kA eka prayojana hai - parijanoM ke anuzAsana se mukti| hara vyakti apanI icchAoM se jInA to cAhatA hai, lekina parijanoM aura samAja ke sAmane vivaza hai| ataH zikSA-prApti ke bahAne vaha svacchanda aura mauja-mastIparaka jindagI jIne kA avasara pA letA hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa kizoroM meM zarAba, sigareTa, mAMsAhAra Adi kA sevana karane, hoTaliMga karane, mahilA-mitra banAne, azlIla carcAe~ karane, anaitika yauna sambandha sthApita karane, anya chAtroM kI regiMga lene, zikSakoM kA upahAsa karane aura isI prakAra kizoriyoM meM sajane-dhajane, kaoNsmeTiksAdi kA prayoga karane, purUSa-mitra banAne, Adhunika zailI ke vastra pahanane Adi kA pracalana bar3hatA jA rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki adhikAMza vidyArthI bAhara zikSA prApta karanA adhika pasanda karate haiN| tathAkathita sampanna dezoM, jaise - amerikA Adi meM yaha pravRti adhika balavatI hai| isase vidyArthI ke bhItara pArivArika aura sAmAjika dRSTikoNa kA bhI abhAva hotA jA rahA hai| (10) Adhunika banane kA zauka - Aja hara vyakti Adhunika bananA cAhatA hai| vaha yaha nahIM socatA hai ki kyA sahI hai aura kyA glt| usake mastiSka meM eka hI vicAra rahatA hai ki mujhe maoNDa (Mod) honA hai aura isake lie vaha pAzcAtya saMskRti kA andhAnukaraNa karatA hai| isa andhAnukaraNa ke lie vaha zikSA ko eka jariyA banA letA hai| kaI bar3e-bar3e nAmI-girAmI zikSAlayoM meM maha~gI phIsa dekara bhI vaha par3hatA hai, kyoMki use Adhunika banane yA kahalAne kA junUna hotA hai| Aja yaha soca hamArI prAcIna saMskRti kA sarvanAza karane jA rahI hai| tejI se hamAre AdarzoM aura jIvana-mUlyoM kA patana ho rahA hai| pariNAma yaha hai ki Aja pAzcAtya arthaparaka zikSA ko protsAhana mila rahA hai, jabaki prAcIna AdhyAtmika zikSA kA vilopa ho rahA hai| aisI vicAradhArA aura zikSA kA pariNAma hai, ki hama zikSA kI mUla prakRti se dUra hokara kRtrima jIvana jIne ke lie bAdhya ho gae haiN| hamArA khAna-pAna, pahananA-or3hanA, cAla-DhAla, sajanA-dhajanA, bola-cAla Adi meM na naitikatA hai aura na hI aadhyaatmiktaa| 24 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 138 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #205
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (11) bhaviSya ke bhogaparaka svapna - Aja zikSArthI sAdhanasampannatA evaM bhogavilAsitA se yukta jIvana jIne ke sapane saMjote rahatA hai| vaha cAhatA hai ki usake pAsa baMgalA ho, gAr3I ho, bIvI-bacce hoM, naukara-cAkara hoM, pharnIcara ho, Adhunika upakaraNa ho, baiMka-baileMsa ho ityAdi, jinakA vaha khUba bhogopabhoga kara sake, lekina vaha yaha bhI mahasUsa karatA hai ki zikSA ke binA yaha sambhava nahIM hai| ataH vaha zikSA-prApti kA lakSya banAtA hai| prAcInayuga meM zikSA kA antima uddezya dharma athavA mukti batAte hue kahA gayA hai - vidyA dadAti vinayaM, vinayAdyAti paatrtaam| pAtratvAd dhanamApnoti, dhanAd dharmaH tataH sukham / / Aja na kevala zikSA ke mUla uddezya meM, apitu zikSA ke upa-uddezyoM meM bhI parivartana A gayA hai| Aja vidyA vidyArthI ko ahaMkArI banA rahI hai, jisase usakI mAnavocita guNoM ko bar3hAne kI pAtratA hI naSTa ho rahI hai| vaha amAnavIya tarIkoM se dhanArjana karatA hai aura isa dhana se amaryAdita bhoga karatA hai| bhale hI vaha anaitika kRtyoM se sukha-suvidhA kI prApti aura usakA bhoga kare, parantu vAstava meM isakA pariNAma vAsanAjanya tanAva, avasAda, kusaMskAra aura duHkha hI nikalatA hai| isa prakAra, hama pAte haiM ki bhale hI Ajakala zikSArthI kI adhyayana-ruci meM abhivRddhi huI ho, lekina usake samakSa jIvana ke samagra vikAsa kA koI Thosa uddezya nahIM hai| usameM vyaktitva ke Antarika vikAsa kI lalaka hI nahIM hai, kyoMki usakI dRSTi meM naitika mUlyaparaka jIvana kI tulanA meM dhana, vaibhava , yauvana Adi kA mUlya adhika hai| 3.5.2 abhibhAvakoM kI lakSyavihInatA Aja prAyaH sabhI abhibhAvaka apane bAlakoM ko par3hAne ke lie atyadhika Atura, cintita evaM mahattvAkAMkSI hai| bhale hI ve svayaM na par3ha sake hoM, lekina ve apane bAlakoM ko U~cI se U~cI par3hAI karAnA cAhate haiN| yaha bhI eka viDambanA hai ki jIvana kA adhika anubhava lene para bhI unake pAsa bAlakoM ko par3hAne kA koI sahI uddezya nahIM hai| prAyaH abhibhAvakoM ke nimnalikhita uddezya hote haiM - (1) pratiSThAparaka dRSTikoNa (Prestigeous Attitude) - mAtA-pitA kA prAyaH yahI cintana hotA hai ki yadi unake bacce nahIM par3heMge, to samAja meM unake parivAra kA upahAsa hogaa| apanI pratiSThA ko bacAne ke lie ve bAlakoM ko adhyayana karAte haiN| isakA duSpariNAma yaha hotA hai ki prAyaH mAtA-pitA bAlakoM ko mUlyAtmaka aura AdhyAtmika zikSA dilAne ke prati vizeSa ruci nahIM rakhate, kyoMki ina zikSAoM se unakI aura bAlakoM kI sAmAjika pratiSThA meM koI vizeSa abhivRddhi nahIM hotii| 139 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 25 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #206
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) vyAvasAyika dRSTikoNa (Professional Attitude) - 'yadi hamAre bacce par3heMge, to hI vyApAra ko sa~bhAla sakeMge, phailA sakeMge aura pratispardhAoM kA sAmanA kara sakeMge' - yaha AkAMkSA evaM apekSA bhI mAtA-pitA ko prerita karatI hai ki ve bAlakoM ko pddh'aaeN| ____ Aja aise mAtA-pitA bAlakoM ko Arthika upalabdhiyoM aura tajjanya sukhasuvidhAoM kA sapanA dikhAkara unheM naitika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa se vimukha kara rahe haiN| unakI dRSTi meM zikSA kA sAra hai - 'calAo cakkI, kamAo dhn'| ve bAlakoM kI bauddhika kSamatA to vikasita karanA cAhate haiM, lekina unakI naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyaniSThA ko mahattvapUrNa nahIM mAna rahe haiN| isakA eka duSpariNAma yaha hai ki kaI bAlaka apane mAtA-pitA aura parijanoM se bhI adhika mahattva apane vyavasAyoM aura udyogoM ko dene lage haiN| (3) bhAramukta jIvana kI Asa - kaI abhibhAvaka vizeSataH mAtAe~ bAlakoM kI anuzAsanahInatA, khelakUda, gAnA-bajAnA Adi kriyAkalApoM se parezAna ho jAtI haiN| ve isa cintA aura bhAra se mukta hone ke lie baccoM ko vidyAlaya bheja detI haiM aura apanA bhAra zikSaka-zikSikAoM para DAla detI haiN| punaH yahI kArya zikSaka-zikSikAe~ bhI karate haiM, jo apane dAyitva se mukta hone ke lie bAlakoM ko gRhakArya (Homework) Adi dekara bAlaka ke mAtA-pitA yA abhibhAvakoM para bojha DAlane kA prayAsa karate haiN| isakA duSpariNAma yaha A rahA hai ki bAlakoM ke vikAsa ke lie donoM meM se kauna-sA tattva javAbadAra hai, yaha nizcita karanA bahuta kaThina ho gayA hai| isase bAlakoM kI svacchandatA aura adhika bar3hane lagI hai| aMgrejI meM kahAvata bhI hai - Too many cooks spoil the food. (4) svacchanda athavA svatantra jIvana kI cAha - kaI mAtA-pitA sAmAjika athavA vaiyaktika kSetra ke kisI vizeSa kArya se jur3e hote haiM, jisake lie unheM svatantratA cAhie hotI hai athavA unakI bhogaparaka AkAMkSAe~ hotI haiM, jisake lie unheM pratibandharahita jIvana kI cAha hotI hai| kula milAkara, unake pAsa bAlakoM ke lie samaya hI nahIM hotA, ataH bAlakoM ko par3hane ke lie dUra bheja dete haiN| amerikA (U.S.A.) Adi meM yahI ho rahA hai| isakA duSpariNAma yaha A rahA hai ki mAtA-pitA ke prati bAlakoM kI niSThA aura samarpaNa samApta hote jA rahA hai| prAcIna zAstroM meM bAlakoM kI zikSA ke viSaya meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zikSaka se dasa guNA adhika pitA aura pitA se sau guNA adhika mahattva mAtA kA hai, parantu Aja mAtA-pitA bAlakoM ke samakSa naitika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana-Adarza hI nahIM de pA rahe haiM, jisakA anukaraNa kara ve apanA cAritrika vikAsa kara skeN| (5) bur3hApe kA sahArA - 'hamArA baccA par3ha-likhakara bar3A AdamI banegA aura hamAre bur3hApe kI lAThI banegA' - aisI svArthabuddhi se prerita hokara bhI abhibhAvaka baccoM ko par3hAte haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 26 140 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #207
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAtA-pitA kA yaha svArthI dRSTikoNa, bAlakoM ke AdhyAtmika, naitika aura sAmAjika vikAsa meM bAdhaka siddha ho rahA hai| mAtA-pitA yaha cAhate haiM ki unake bAlaka sirpha pArivArika dAyitvoM kA hI nirvAha kare / unakA prayAsa ho rahA hai ki bAlaka Atmahita, samAjahita, paryAvaraNahita yA rASTrahita ko adhika mahattva na de aura nA hI sRjanAtmaka kAryoM meM judd'e| vaha sirpha parivAra kI paridhi meM simaTa jAe aura vizeSa rUpa se pArivArika Arthika hitoM kA hI dhyAna rkhe| (6) pralobhana kaI abhibhAvaka vizeSataH grAmINa athavA pichar3e kSetroM ke nivAsI, isalie bhI bAlakoM ko vidyAlayoM meM bhejate haiM, jisase sarakArI sahAyatA rUpa meM vastra, khAdyasAmagrI evaM chAtravRtti Adi mila ske| isa nIti se ve apane bAlakoM ko apratyakSarUpa se akarmaNya aura parAvalambI banA rahe haiN| (7) lokalajjA lokaparamparA kA nirvAha karane ke lie bhI abhibhAvaka baccoM ko snAtaka yA snAtakottara zikSA dilAne kI aupacArikatA pUrI karate haiM / -- isI kAraNa se Aja kaI yuvaka-yuvatiyA~ paMdraha-bIsa varSa zikSA lene ke bAda bhI yaha nirNaya nahIM kara pA rahe haiM ki hamAre jIvana kA samyak uddezya kyA hai, kyoMki bAlyakAla se lekara yuvAvasthA taka unheM zikSA avazya dI gaI, lekina usakA uddezya unheM samajhAyA hI nahIM gayA / (8) zikSA kI laukika upayogitA - aisA nahIM hai ki abhibhAvaka sarvathA lAparavAha, svArthI, bAlakoM se trasta aura pralobhana kI apekSA rakhane vAle hote haiN| kaI aise bhI hote haiM, jo bAlakoM ke sacamuca zubhacintaka yA hitaiSI hote haiN| ve zikSA ko upayogI mAnate haiM aura isIlie bAlakoM ko zikSA kI preraNA bhI dete haiM, lekina unakI dazA kUpamaNDuka jaisI hotI hai| unakA jJAna, anubhava aura ruci kevala laukika kSetra taka hI sImita hotI haiN| ve laukika-zikSA kI prApti ke lie hI jora dete haiM aura usake lie apanA tana, mana evaM dhana nyauchAvara kara dete haiN| unake pAsa AdhyAtmika aura naitika mUlyaparaka uddezyoM kA hI abhAva hotA hai| jaina - paramparA meM prasiddha zrIpAlacaritra meM yaha varNana milatA hai ki prajApAla rAjA dvArA zikSA kI laukika upayogitA jAnakara apanI kanyA surasundarI ko vidyArjana hetu paNDita zivabhUti ke pAsa bhejA, kintu lokottara zikSArjana na karane ke kAraNa use kaI kaThinAiyoM gujaranA pdd'aa| 58 isa prakAra, hama pAte haiM ki adhikAMza abhibhAvakoM ke samakSa bAlakoM ke lie samyak aura samagra zikSA ke dRSTikoNa kA atyadhika abhAva hai| 3.5.3 zikSakoM kI karttavyavimukhatA Aja vizvavidyAlayoM, mahAvidyAlayoM, vidyAlayoM aura kociMga klAsesa kI saMkhyA aura AkAra meM jisa tejI se abhivRddhi ho rahI hai, usI tejI se zikSakoM kI saMkhyA bhI bar3ha rahI hai| itanA hI nahIM, zikSaka banane ke lie Avazyaka arhatAoM kA honA bhI jarurI kara diyA gayA hai| pratispardhAtmaka parIkSAoM aura sAkSAtkAra meM saphala hone para hI vyakti ko zikSaka kA dAyitva diyA jAtA hai, phira bhI adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 141 For Personal & Private Use Only 27
Page #208
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Aja zikSakoM ke sammukha zikSA ke sahI uddezya kA abhAva hI dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| yaha nimnalikhita binduoM se spaSTa hai - (1) arthapradhAna dRSTikoNa - prAyaH zikSakoM kA uddezya bhI arthaparaka ho gayA hai, jisase adhyApana ke lie Avazyaka svataHsphurita abhiruci meM kamI A gaI hai| unakI ruci apanI prAyaveTa TyUzaMsa yA kociMga klAsa meM adhika rahatI hai, kyoMki unameM unheM atirikta Aya prApta hotI hai| prAcInakAla meM guru kI sarvoparitA ko 'guru: sAkSAt parabrahma' kahakara svIkAra kiyA gayA, lekina Aja zikSakoM kI arthalolupatA ke pariNAmasvarUpa zikSakoM kI pratiSThA aura sammAna dhUmila ho rahe haiN| Aja vidyArthiyoM aura abhibhAvakoM ko zikSakoM ke prati na zraddhA hai aura na bhkti| ve vetanabhogI bhRtya hI mAna lie gae haiN| yaha atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki Aja ke ye artha-lolupI zikSaka vAstava meM gurU-ziSya ke pavitra aura AtmIya sambandhoM ko bhraSTa aura naSTa karane meM lage haiN| (2) padonnati - prAyaH zikSakoM kA dUsarA pramukha uddezya bana cukA hai - pdonnti| isa hetu zikSakoM meM pratispardhA aura pratidvaMdvitA calatI rahatI hai, jisase unameM IrSyA , saMkleza, nindA, nirAzA, kuNThA Adi burAiyA~ bar3hatI jAtI haiN| ve apanI padonnati ke lie kaI bAra anaitika aura bhraSTa tarIke apanAte haiM aura lambe samaya taka rAjanItika dA~vapeMca bhI karate rahate haiN| isakA duSpariNAma yaha hai ki ve apane pada ke sAtha nyAya nahIM kara pAte aura chAtroM ko sahI zikSA evaM usake sAtha naitika-AdhyAtmika mArgadarzana bhI nahIM de paate| (3) ArAmapasandagI - kaI loga isalie bhI zikSaka bana jAte haiM, kyoMki unheM ArAmaparaka jIvana pasanda hotA hai| unakA dRSTikoNa yaha hotA hai ki eka bAra skUla/kaoNleja meM naukarI laga jAe, to pratidina do-cAra ghaNTe hI kAma karanA pdd'egaa| unakI dRSTi meM adhyApaka kI jindagI aisI hai, jisameM binA pUMjI ke alpa-samaya kA niveza karake adhika Aya aura sammAna mila jAtA hai| sadA se hI zikSaka kA vyaktitva zikSArthI ko zikSA ke lie sajaga karatA AyA hai, lekina Aja zikSaka kI ArAmapasandagI yA bhautika jIvanadRSTi zikSArthI ko AlasI aura lAparavAha banA rahI hai| (4) anya gharelu kAryoM kI pradhAnatA - kaI zikSakoM kI prAyaH yaha roja kI hI prakriyA hotI hai ki ve nijI kAryoM ko zikSAlayoM meM pUrNa karate haiM, isIlie kaI skUloM meM zikSikAe~ sveTara bunate hue dikhatI haiM, to zikSaka bijalI, TelIphona kA bila bharane yA vyaktigata kAryoM hetu zikSAlayoM se nadArada pAe jAte haiM, ityaadi| (5) avakAzoM kI pracuratA - kaI zikSaka sirpha avakAzoM kI gaNanA karate rahate haiN| sAtha hI sarakAra dvArA nirdhArita Akasmika avakAzoM, meDIkala avakAzoM Adi kA pUrA upayoga lete haiN| unakI dRSTi meM zikSA-divasoM ke bajAya avakAza-divasoM kA mahattva adhika hotA hai| 28 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 142 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #209
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa prakAra, Aja adhyApakoM kI isa tuccha aura svArthI manovRtti ke kAraNa vidyArthiyoM kA amUlya samaya aura dhana naSTa ho rahA hai| yaha AsAnI se socA jA sakatA hai ki yadi koI adhyApaka 50 chAtroM vAlI kakSA meM pratidina sirpha 5 minaTa bhI pramAda karatA hai, to 200 pirIyaDa ke vArSika satra meM vaha saba chAtroM ke milAkara 50,000 minaTa naSTa karatA hai| 3.5.4 samAja kI visaMgatiyA~ pratyeka zikSArthI ko samAjasApekSa hI jInA hotA hai| eka ora use samAja se sahayoga lenA hotA hai, to dUsarI ora samAja meM sevA denI hotI hai| vastutaH, zikSArthI aura samAja kA anyonyAzrita sambandha hai| zikSArthI kA vyaktitva samAja ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura samAja kA vyavahAra zikSArthI ko| Aja viDambanA yaha hai ki samAja kA vyavahAra zikSArthI aura zikSA ke lie vyaktitva vikAsa kA sAdhaka banane kI apekSA bAdhaka bana rahA hai| isase zikSArthI ko jo preraNA aura protsAhana apekSita hai, vaha usameM kharA nahIM utara rahA hai| samAja kI mukhya visaMgatiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM, jinakA sAmanA eka zikSArthI ko karanA par3a rahA hai - (1) samAja meM vyApta asadAcAra aura anaitikatA - samAja meM prAyaH asadAcAra aura anaitikatA kA hI bolabAlA hai| samAja meM ina burAiyoM kA Adhipatya hone se sAmAnya zikSArthI apanI naitikatA aura susaMskAroM ko kho baiThatA hai aura isa prakAra usake vyaktitva kA patana ho jAtA hai| (2) samAja meM sAMpradAyika vidveSa - samAja meM dharma-saMpradAyoM ke mAdhyama se naitika aura AdhyAtmika Adarza kI satpreraNA prApta ho sakatI hai, lekina samAja meM hI kaI ajJa aura andhavizvAsI logoM ne sAMpradAyika kaTTaratA aura ADambaroM se dharma kI chavi ko bigAr3a rakhA hai| isI kAraNa se, zikSArthI jaba dharma se jur3atA hai, to kabhI svayaM sAMpradAyika vaimanasya aura kaTTaratA ko svIkAra kara letA hai aura kabhI dharma ko galata mAnakara dharma se vimukha ho jAtA hai| donoM hI sthitiyoM meM vaha naitika aura AdhyAtmika utthAna ke avasara ko ga~vA detA hai| jaina-paramparA meM hameM sAmAjika sadbhAvanA kA Adarza rUpa milatA hai| yahA~ AcAryAdi ko vAcanA lene-dene hetu anya gaNoM meM jAne kI svatantratA dI gaI hai, jisakA vizeSa varNana samavAyAMgasUtra, chedasUtra Adi jainagranthoM meM milatA hai| (3) svAvalambana vyavasthA kA abhAva - samAja meM zikSita vyaktiyoM ko svAvalambI banAne ke lie koI Thosa vyavasthA nahIM hai| Aja bhI lAkhoM navayuvaka berojagAra ghUma rahe haiM, jo antataH nirAzA, kuNThA, roSa athavA AparAdhika manovRttiyoM se grasta ho jAte haiN| inameM se kaI loga kAlakrama meM samAja ke lie bhArabhUta ho jAte haiN| (4) protsAhana aura preraNA kA abhAva - samAja meM zikSArthI ko protsAhana aura preraNA dene ke lie koI sudRr3ha vyavasthA nahIM hai| samAja ke sadasya sAmAnyatayA svahita kI saMkucita bhAvanAoM se grasta rahate haiN| vaha prAcIna saMskRti samApta ho gaI, jisameM zikSaka aura zikSArthI ke bhojana, vastra Adi 143 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 29 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #210
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ko pradAna karane kI samasta javAbadAriyA~ samAja kI hotI thI aura vaha isa dAyitva ko prasannatApUrvaka pUrA karatA thA / vaha protsAhita karane hetu vividha kAryakrama evaM chAtravRtti bhI pradAna karatA rahatA thA / jainakathAnakoM meM kapilakumAra kI kathA prasiddha hai, jaba ve adhyayana hetu zrAvastI nagarI meM gae, taba unake AvAsa evaM bhojanAdi kI sampUrNa vyavasthA usI nagara ke zAlibhadra zreSThI ne kI thii| 3.5.5 prazAsanika avyavasthA evaM aprAmANikatA 60 zAsana ke antargata na kevala sarakAra, apitu prazAsana lagabhaga 3% dhanavyaya zikSA - utthAna ke lie karatI hai| san 2002 I. ke bAlakoM ko zikSA prApta karane kA maulika adhikAra diyA gayA hai| ki zikSA-vyavasthA ke vikAsa ke lie eka svatantra zikSA - maMtrAlaya bhI itanA saba hone para bhI zAsana meM vyApta burAiyA~ Aja zikSApraNAlI ko prabhAvita kara rahI haiN| ye kamiyA~ yA burAiyA~ mukhyatayA nimnalikhita haiM (1) bhraSTAcAra aura arAjakatA zAsanatantra itanA bhraSTa rahA hai ki zAsana ke dvArA zaikSika - vikAsa ke lie AvaMTita yA vitarita kI gaI rAzi kA alpAMza hI sahI arthoM meM prayoga ho pAtA hai| zeSa rAzi rizvata, dhA~dhalI, ghoTAle yA gabana ke rUpa meM sambandhita netA, adhikArI yA karmacArI hI khA jAte haiM / - - isakA sIdhA prabhAva zikSA-vyavasthA para par3a rahA hai, jo dinoMdina maha~gI hotI jA rahI hai| isase kaI yogya vidyArthI zikSA prApta nahIM kara pA rahe haiN| isase chAtroM meM asantoSa bar3ha rahA hai aura unakA vyavahAra bhI AkrAmaka hotA jA rahA hai| 30 zAmila hai| sarakAra apanI Aya meM se meM pArita saMzodhana meM 6-14 varSa zikSA ko itanA mahattva milA hai saMcAlita hai| (2) naitika aura AdhyAtmika Adarza kA abhAva Aja zAsanatantra svayaM hI zikSArthI ke samakSa cAritrika Adarza prastuta nahIM kara pA rahA hai| aise tantra se udvigna, asantuSTa aura ruSTa zikSArthI anuzAsanahInatA, uddaNDatA aura ucchRMkhalatA ke zikAra ho rahe haiN| chAtra Andolana aura chAtra - har3atAla zaikSika - vikAsa ke lie abhizApa siddha ho rahA hai, yaha zAsanatantra kI kamiyoM kA pariNAma hai| ( 3 ) azikSita netA yaha bhI eka viDambanA hai ki jahA~ deza meM sarvatra sarakArI pada - prApti ke lie vyakti kA zikSita honA anivArya hai, vahIM sarvAdhika garimAmaya pada ko prApta karane vAle maMtrI, sAMsada, vidhAyaka, pArSada Adi ke lie zikSita honA anivArya nahIM hai| Aja adhikAMza rAjanItijJa azikSita haiM aura jo zikSita haiM, unameM se bhI adhikatara anaitika sAdhanoM kA prayoga karake DigrI prApta kie hue haiN| aise netA dUsaroM ko naitikatA kA pATha kaise sikhA pAe~ge, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| vastutaH, ye netA apane bhraSTa AcaraNa, anaitika vyavahAra aura azikSA ke kAraNa zikSArthiyoM ko santulita, samagra aura samanvita vikAsa kA sahI mArgadarzana bhI nahIM de pAte haiM / jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 144
Page #211
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3.5.6 zikSaNa-paddhati kI samasyAe~ __ Aja kI zikSApaddhati ko pUrNatayA doSI nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA, lekina itanA avazya hai ki isameM kucha aisI mUlabhUta kamiyA~ haiM, jinase iMkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ye kamiyA~ vyaktitva ke samagra vikAsa ke lie bAdhaka haiM, ataH ina visaMgatiyoM se apane jIvana ko bacAne kI AvazyakatA pratyeka vyakti kI hai aura yaha zikSA-prabandhana kA mahattvapUrNa karttavya hai| yahA~ pramukha visaMgatiyoM kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai - (1) asantulita zikSA (Imbalanced Education) - santulita zikSA vaha hotI hai, jisase vyaktitva ke vividha AyAmoM kA santulita vikAsa ho ske| zikSAvidoM ne zikSA ke vividha AyAmoM kA anveSaNa kiyA hai| isI AdhAra para merI dRSTi meM, samyak zikSA ke nimnalikhita AyAma haiM - 1) zArIrika vikAsa (Physical Development) 2) saMpreSaNAtmaka vikAsa (Communication Skills Development) 3) alfech fachkh (Intellectual Development) 4) mAnasika vikAsa (Mental Development) 5) Taichch fachki (Emotional Development) 6) AdhyAtmika vikAsa (Spiritual Development) ina AyAmoM para vistRta carcA Age kI jAegI, lekina yahA~ itanA jJAtavya hai ki vartamAna zikSA-paddhati meM jahA~ zArIrika, saMpreSaNAtmaka aura bauddhika AyAmoM kA atyadhika vikAsa huA hai, vahIM mAnasika, bhAvAtmaka aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA bahuta km| yaha atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki bhAvAtmaka aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pahala to nagaNya hai| isakA duSpariNAma bhI Aja sarvatra spaSTa hai, kyoMki Aja vyakti ne zikSA ke bala para abhUtapUrva bhautika vikAsa to kara liyA haiM, lekina vaha apanI manovRttiyoM ko niyaMtrita nahIM kara pA rahA hai| usakA AtmavizvAsa TUTa rahA hai aura AtmaniyantraNa chUTa rahA hai| usake bhItara kAma, krodha, bhaya, IrSyA, kapaTa, ghRNA, kuNThA, unmAda aura Alasya kI pracuratA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAnava ne saba para vijaya prApta kara lI hai, lekina vaha apane mana ko nahIM jIta pA rahA hai| AtmakalyANa arthAt paramasukha kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka pAtratA bhI Aja nadArada hai| maiM kauna hU~? merA kyA svarUpa hai? maiM kyoM duHkhI hU~? maiM kaise sukhI ho sakatA hU~? Adi praznoM kA samyak samAdhAna hI Atmabodha kA upAya hai, lekina Aja aise vyaktitva virala haiM, jo AtmasvarUpa ke zodha meM rucivanta bhI haiN| spaSTa hai, yaha saba asantulita zikSA kA hI duSpariNAma hai| (2) asamagra zikSA - isakA Azaya hai - zikSA kI apuurnntaa| vartamAna zikSA-paddhati kI yaha bhI eka pramukha kamajorI hai| jIvana kA lagabhaga eka-tihAI hissA vividha viSayoM kI zikSA-prApti meM adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 31 145 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #212
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vyatIta hone para bhI sAmAnya zikSArthI kisI viSayavizeSa meM pAraMgata nahIM ho pAtA (Jack of all, master of none) / 'kalA' aura 'vANijya' ke snAtaka aura parAsnAtaka stara taka zikSita hue adhikAMza zikSArthiyoM ko apane viSayoM kI sAmAnya samajha bhI nahIM A pAtI hai| ___ kahA bhI jAtA hai - Half knowledge is dangerous | Aja aise kaI zikSita vyakti haiM, jinake pAsa DigrI hai, lekina prAyogika jJAna nhiiN| aise vyakti yogya kArya ko yogya zailI meM niSpAdita bhI nahIM kara pAte, ataH zikSA kI ucita upayogitA kA unake jIvana meM abhAva banA rahatA hai| (3) asamanvita zikSA - isakA artha hai - zikSA ke vividha pakSoM meM samanvaya kA abhAva honaa| vartamAna zikSA-paddhati ke nimnalikhita pakSoM meM samanvaya kI kamI hai - 1) prAyaH saiddhAntika zikSAoM kI bahulatA hai aura prAyogika zikSAoM kI upekSA hai| 2) prAyaH sUcanAtmaka jJAna (Informative Knowledge) se zikSArthI ke mastiSka ko bhara diyA ___jAtA hai aura mUlyaparaka jJAna (Ethical Knowledge) kA mArgadarzana nahIM diyA jAtA hai| 3) prAyaH zArIrika-parizrama kama hotA hai aura bauddhika-vyAyAma adhika karAyA jAtA hai| 4) prAyaH zrama (pravRtti) aura vizrAma (nivRtti) kI samanvayAtmaka zikSA nahIM dI jAtI hai| 5) prAyaH zikSaka, zikSArthI, abhibhAvaka, zAsana aura samAja meM samanvaya aura sahayoga kA abhAva hI rahatA hai| 6) prAyaH kabhI avakAza adhika hote haiM aura kabhI par3hAI, gRhakArya, parIkSA-bhAra Adi adhika hote haiN| donoM meM samanvaya kA abhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| (4) zikSaka-keMdrita zikSA - vartamAna zikSApraNAlI meM zikSA kA keMdrabindu zikSaka hotA hai, jabaki zikSArthI honA caahie| isakA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki zikSaka kA Adara aura sammAna nahIM honA cAhie, balki yaha hai ki zikSaka rUpI mAlI ke dvArA zikSArthI kA eka paudhe ke samAna samyak poSaNa honA caahie| Aja ke pariveza meM zikSaka sirpha do-cAra ghaNTe zikSArthiyoM ke sAtha bitAtA hai aura aksara usako zikSArthI kA sAmAnya paricaya bhI mAlUma nahIM hotaa| razikSArthI zakSaka zikSaka zikSArthI (ka) pracalita apAkSata 32 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 146 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #213
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (5) zikSA kA vyAvasAyikIkaraNa - Aja zikSA sevA yA pAramArthika kArya nahIM rahA, balki eka vyavasAya bana gayA hai| nijI kSetra ke zikSAlayoM ke vyavasthApakoM kA ekamAtra lakSya hotA hai - 'Arthika lAbha aura U~cI saakh'| isa hetu ye horDiMgsa , pempaleTsa, samAcArapatra, TI.vI. Adi ke mAdhyama se vijJApana karate haiM, AkarSaka bhavana, pharnIcarsa, upakaraNoM se zikSAlayoM ko susajjita karate haiM, anaitika tarIkoM se paMjIyana, nirIkSaNa, mUlyAMkana Adi karAte haiM aura kaI bhautika AkarSaNa, jaise - svImiMga, rAiDiMga Adi sikhAne kA lAlaca dete haiN| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara adhikAMza zikSAlayoM meM bAharI dikhAvA aura bhItarI khokhalApana hotA hai| aise zikSA-saMsthAnoM meM adhyayanarata ayogya vidyArthiyoM ko bhI acche nambaroM se uttIrNa kara diyA jAtA hai, kyoMki isase zikSA-saMsthAnoM kI sAkha sudharatI hai| Ajakala adhikAMza nijI saMsthAnoM meM kharca bacAne ke lie zikSakoM, bhavana, bhUmi, upakaraNa, pustakAlaya Adi se sambandhita mAnakoM (Standards) kA pAlana sirpha kAgaja para hotA hai, vAstava meM nhiiN| yahA~ taka ki prAcArya, zikSakoM aura karmacAriyoM ko nirdhArita mAnaka se kama vetana diyA jAtA hai, jabaki kAgaja para adhika dikhAyA jAtA hai| ina sabhI visaMgatiyoM se zikSA, zikSArthI evaM adhyApakoM kI guNavattA prabhAvita ho rahI hai| (6) arthasAdhya zikSA - vartamAna zikSA atyadhika maha~gI hotI jA rahI hai, jo madhyamavargIya parivAra ke bUte ke bAhara hai| udAharaNasvarUpa - haidarAbAda ke eka zikSaNa saMsthAna meM ikkIsa mAha ke korsa ke lie gyAraha lAkha rUpae kI phIsa lI jAtI hai| itanA arthavyaya karane para bhI vyaktitva kA samucita vikAsa nahIM ho pAnA, yaha eka socanIya viSaya hai| isa arthasAdhya zikSApraNAlI se Arthika asamAnatA bar3hatI jA rahI hai| dhanADhya loga apane alpa pratibhAzAlI bAlakoM ko U~ce-U~ce saMsthAnoM kI maha~gI zikSA dilAkara bar3I-bar3I kampaniyoM meM naukariyA~ dilAte haiM aura isa prakAra aura adhika dhanADhya hote jAte haiM, jabaki nimnavargIya loga apane ucca pratibhAzAlI bAlakoM ko aisI zikSA nahIM dilA pAte aura unakI Arthika vipannatA dinoMdina bar3hatI jAtI hai| madhyamavargIya parivAra ke lie bhI zikSA roTI, kapar3e aura makAna sambandhI kharcoM se adhika maha~gI ho gaI hai, jisakI pUrti ke lie ghara ke mukhiyA ko anaitika tarIkoM se paisA kamAnA par3a rahA hai, jabaki unake bAlaka ucca suvidhAyukta maha~ge zikSAlayoM meM adhyayana karake suvidhAbhogI hote jA rahe haiN| anukUlatA meM jIne kI Adata bana jAne se pratikUlatAoM kA sAmanA karane meM unheM kaThinAI AtI hai| ulTA, unakI pArTI, pikanika, klaba, philmsa, TI.vI., nRtya, abhadra pozAka, madyapAna Adi ko dekhakara anya bAlakoM para isakA anucita prabhAva par3a rahA hai| (7) prArambhika jIvanaparyanta zikSA - zikSA ko jIvana ke prArambhika kAla meM kI jAne vAlI eka prakriyA mAnA jAne lagA hai, jabaki zikSA to jIvanaparyanta calane vAlI eka satata prakriyA hai| isase 147 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 33 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #214
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana aura zikSA kA abhinna sambandha Ahata huA / eka umra ke bIta jAne para vyakti yaha mAna letA hai ki use jo bhI zikSA prApta karanI thI, vaha usane kara lI hai aura aba usako sirpha jIvana jInA / ataH usakA zikSA ke sAtha nAtA hI TUTa jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja pIr3hIgata antara (Generation Gap) bar3hate jA rahA hai, jo pitA-putra, sAsa-bahU, guru-ziSya, agraja-anuja, dAdA-pote jaise saMvedanazIla sambandhoM ke madhya matabheda aura manabheda kA kAraNa siddha ho rahA hai| (8) zikSA kA zaharIkaraNa Aja zikSaNa saMsthAna ekAnta sthAnoM, vanoM aura prAkRtika sthaloM se dUra hote jA rahe haiN| sAmAnyatayA zikSAsaMsthAna zaharoM ke madhya athavA zahara ke najadIka kisI rAjamArga para hote haiM, jahA~ gAr3iyoM aura logoM kA nirantara AvAgamana hone se vAyu, dhvani Adi pradUSaNoM kI samasyA banI rahatI hai| isakA pariNAma yaha hai ki dhIre-dhIre hamArI saMskRti hI naSTa hotI jA rahI hai| prakRti ke bIca rahane, palane aura bar3e hone se zAnti, sahiSNutA, sahajatA, sAdagI, ekAgratA Adi sadguNoM kA janma hotA hai, jabaki bhogaparaka vAtAvaraNa meM AturatA, azAnti, asahiSNutA Adi avaguNoM kI abhivRddhi hotI jA rahI hai| Aja isIlie vidyArthI pAzcAtya saMskRti ko tejI se apanA rahA hai| ( 9 ) parIkSA - praNAlI varttamAna zikSA-vyavasthA kI parIkSA-paddhati bhI pUrNatayA upayukta nahIM hai| 62 parIkSA zabda 'pari' aura 'IkSA' se milakara banA hai, jisakA artha hai 'cAroM ora se dekhanA yA parakhanA' / kintu varttamAna parIkSA - paddhati vyaktitva kI samagra jA~ca karane meM akSama hai| zikSArthI yena-kena-prakAreNa gAiDa, kuMjI, sambhAvita praznottarI athavA nakala kA prayoga kara parIkSA meM saphala ho jAtA hai| vastutaH, isase usake vyaktitva kA hrAsa hI hotA hai| (10) sadAcAritA aura sadvyavahAra kI upekSA - zikSArthI jIvana meM rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna, pahanAvA, bolanA-sunanA Adi ke viSaya meM naitika evaM mAnavIya maryAdAoM ke dRr3ha paripAlana para vizeSa jora nahIM diyA jAtA, isIlie varttamAna sandarbha meM zAyara phirAka gorakhapurI kA yaha kathana saTIka hai - - varttamAna zikSA cAhe vidyArthI ko DaoNkTara, iMjIniyara, vakIla Adi saba kucha banA rahI hai, kintu yaha nizcita hai ki vaha use iMsAna nahIM banA pA rhii| 3 34 sabhI kucha ho rahA hai, isa tarakkI ke jamAne meN| magara kyA gajaba hai ki, AdamI insAM nahIM hotA / (11) aMgrejoM kA anuvarttana karane vAlI zikSA Aja kI zikSA-paddhati lArDa mekAle (san 1835 I.) ke usa sapane ko sAkAra kara rahI hai, jisameM usane aMgrejI mAdhyama kI zikSA para bala dete hue kahA thA ki "hama bhArata meM aise vyaktiyoM kA varga banAnA cAhate haiM, jo raMga aura rakta meM bhale hI bhAratIya hoM, parantu khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana, AcAra-vicAra tathA buddhi meM aMgreja hoM / " jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 148
Page #215
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (12) ArakSaNa kI asaMgatatA - Aja kI zikSA-paddhati meM jAtIya AdhAra para ArakSaNa diyA jA rahA hai, jisake dUragAmI pariNAma jAtIya vaimanasya kI abhivRddhi kreNge| isake bajAya Arthika vipannatA ko ArakSaNa kA AdhAra banAyA jAtA, to yaha Arthika viSamatA dUra karane ke lie jyAdA ucita hotaa| (13) sahazikSA aura yaunazikSA kI visaMgatiyA~ - prAcya zikSAsaMsthAnoM meM jahA~ strI-zikSA aura purUSa-zikSA kI pRthak-pRthak vyavasthA thI, vahIM Aja sahazikSA (Co-education) kI vyavasthA hai| isa para bhI, Ajakala yaunazikSA kI pahala kI jA rahI hai| bhale hI ina zikSAoM kA uddezya sakArAtmaka ho, lekina vyAvahArika-dRSTi se, ye zikSAe~ vyakti aura samAja kI amaryAdita pAzavika vRttiyoM ko ukasAne ke lie jimmedAra haiN| Aja jaba maryAdA kA stara itanA gira cukA hai ki zikSaka aura zikSArthI ke paraspara pavitra sambandha para bhI A~ca A rahI hai, taba isa prakAra kI zikSAe~ Aga ko havA dene jaisI hai| isa prakAra, Aja kI zikSaNa-paddhati meM kaI visaMgatiyA~ vidyamAna haiM, jinase vidyArthI ke vyaktitva kA samucita vikAsa nahIM ho pA rhaa| cU~ki vidyArthI ke bAhya pariveza ke sabhI ghaTaka - adhyApaka, abhibhAvaka evaM samAja kI kucha na kucha samasyAe~ haiM, ataH zikSArthI ko prabandhana-prakriyA apanAne kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai, jisase vaha zikSA rUpI jIvana-nIMva kI samyak sthApanA kara ske| =====4.>===== 149 adhyAya 3: zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #216
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para zikSA prabandhana zikSA ke kSetra meM anekAneka samasyAe~ dikhAI de rahI haiM tathA inake duSpariNAma bhI sAmane A rahe haiN| ye samasyAe~ sirpha bhAratIya hI nahIM, apitu vizvastara para vyApta ho cukI haiN| inake bAre meM kaI zikSAvid cintana-manana karate rahate haiM evaM samaya-samaya para apane sujhAva dete rahate haiN| aneka vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki vartamAna meM pracalita zikSApraNAlI hI galata hai, ise badalanA caahie| ve zikSApraNAlI meM AmUlacUla parivartana kI bAta kahate haiM, kintu jaina-anekAntadRSTi ke anusAra, Aja kI zikSApraNAlI galata nahIM, apitu apUrNa va aparyApta hai| isa praNAlI meM jo asantulana A gayA hai, use santulita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| isa prakAra apUrNatA ko dUra karane kA prayatna karanA zikSA ke samyak prabandhana kI dizA hai| Age, jainaAcAramImAMsA para AdhArita zikSA prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSoM kI carcA kI jA rahI hai - 3.6.1 zikSA kA uddezya (Object of Education) zikSA-prabandhana ke lie sarvaprathama yaha nirNaya karanA jarurI hai ki zikSA kI AvazyakatA kyoM hai? jaba taka zikSA-prApti kA sahI lakSya nirdhArita nahIM hogA, taba taka jIvana ke sahI vikAsa kI dizA bhI nahIM milegI evaM isa prakAra 15-20 varSa yA adhika par3hane ke bAvajUda bhI usakA koI artha nahIM raha jaayegaa| ataH sirpha yuga ke pravAha meM bahakara hAtha para hAtha rakhakara baiTha jAnA koI samajhadArI yA sakArAtmaka soca nahIM hai| zikSA kI AvazyakatA sambandhI prazna kA samyaka nirAkaraNa karake zikSA ke uddezya kA sahI nirdhAraNa karanA caahie| zikSA kA lakSya vyaktitva kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa karanA hai| yadyapi yaha lakSya hI zikSA-jagat meM sarvamAnya hai,65 phira bhI sarvAMgINa vikAsa kA mAnadaNDa sabakA alaga-alaga hai| jisakA jaisA jIvana-darzana hai, vaisI hI usakI sarvAMgINa vikAsa kI avadhAraNA hai aura usake anusAra hI vaha zikSA kI prApti kara rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki koI rojagAra, koI DigrI aura koI vivAha Adi ke lie zikSA prApta kara rahA hai, jise hamane pUrva prakaraNa meM vistAra se dekhA hai| isase bhI Upara uThakara dekheM to Aja vyakti bhautikavAdI jIvana-darzana se prabhAvita hokara kevala artha evaM kAma-bhoga kI hI zikSA prApta kara rahA hai aura vaha isa artha evaM bhogamUlaka zikSA ko hI vyaktitva ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa kA AdhAra mAna rahA hai, jo eka bhayAvaha bhUla hai| jaina-vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM saccI zikSA vaha hai, jisase aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga, donoM prakAra ke jIvana kA santulita vikAsa ho| dUsare zabdoM meM, zikSA aisI ho, jisameM sabhI mAnavIya jIvana-mUlyoM kA samyak vikAsa ho| vaha jIvana ke durbala pakSoM kA parihAra kare evaM sabala pakSoM kA saMvarddhana kre| dhIre-dhIre vaha hameM AtmatoSa aura AtmazAnti kI ora le jaae| vaha zikSA duHkhoM se, rAga-dveSa se, 36 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 150 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #217
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ahaMkAra, Asakti evaM tRSNA se, moha se tathA ajJAna 68 mukti kI udghoSikA bane / RSibhASita meM kahA gayA hai ki vidyA vahI hai, jo vyakti ko sabhI duHkhoM se mukta kara sake / isa prakAra jaina vicArakoM kA zikSA ke prati eka samagra, santulita evaM samanvita dRSTikoNa rahA hai| inake anusAra, jo jIvana-nirvAha ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana-nirmANa meM bhI sahayogI bane, vahI samyak zikSA hai| zikSA - prabandhana ke lie isI zikSA ko sarvAMgINa vyaktitva - vikAsa kI zikSA mAnanI cAhie / AcArya tulasIjI ne samyak sarvAMgINa zikSA ke dvArA eka acche nAgarika meM nimna yogyatAoM kA honA Avazyaka batAyA hai 9 bauddhika evaM bhAvAtmaka vikAsa kA santulana / viveka evaM saMvega meM sAmaMjasya / vaiyaktikatA evaM sAmAjikatA meM sAmaMjasya / naitika mUlyoM kA vikaas| AtmAnuzAsana kI kSamatA kA vikAsa / mAnavIya samasyA ke prati saMvedanazIlatA kA vikAsa / jIvana-prabandhana kA lakSya paristhitioM ko pUrNataH badalanA nahIM, apitu prApta paristhiti meM ucita samAdhAna nikAlanA hai| ataH zikSA - prabandhana ke lie varttamAna meM pracalita zikSApraNAlI meM sudhAra kI apekSA svIkAra karate hue bhI hameM upalabdha zikSA-vyavasthA meM apanI AvazyakatAnusAra svayaM zikSA - sAdhanoM ko juTAkara ucita zikSA - prApti kA prayatna karanA caahie| 3.6.2 sarvAMgINa zikSA ke prakAra jainAcAryoM ne jIvana ke bahiraMga evaM aMtaraMga vikAsa ke lie zikSA ke kramazaH do vibhAga kie 70 (1) vyAvahArika zikSA vyAvahArika zikSA vaha hai, jo vyakti ke jIvana-yApana se sambandhita hotI hai aura jIvana kI zArIrika, pArivArika, Arthika, sAmAjika Adi aneka AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti meM sahAyaka hotI hai| (2) AdhyAtmika zikSA AdhyAtmika zikSA vaha hai, jo vyakti ke jIvana-nirmANa arthAt AdhyAtmika - vikAsa se sambandhita hotI hai aura mAnasika zAnti, sthiratA, ekAgratA, prasannatA, Ananda Adi kI pUrti meM sahAyaka hotI hai| zikSA-prabandhana ke lie hameM ina donoM zikSAoM kA jIvana meM samyak samanvaya karanA hogA / rAyapaseNIsutta meM tIna prakAra ke AcAryoM kA ullekha hai, jo ina zikSAoM ko pradAna karate the| 151 - - adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 37
Page #218
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1) kalAcArya 2) zilpAcArya 3) dharmAcArya kalAcArya kA kArya jIvanopayogI kalAoM arthAt jJAna-vijJAna aura lalita kalAoM kI zikSA denA thaa| bhASA, lipi, gaNita ke sAtha-sAtha khagola, bhUgola, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, saMgIta, nRtya Adi unake mukhya viSaya the| zilpAcArya jIvikopArjana ke lie vyAvasAyika zikSA dete the, jisameM vividha prakAra ke zilpoM kA jJAna samAhita hotA thaa| AdhyAtmika zikSA kI prApti ke lie jaina-paramparA meM dharmAcArya kI vyavasthA thii| unakA kArya vyakti ke cAritrika guNoM kA vikAsa karanA thaa| ve zIla aura sadAcAra kI zikSA dete the| vartamAna pariveza meM bhI vividha kalA aura zilpa zikSA ke lie aneka kaoNleja evaM kociMga iMsTiTyUTsa upalabdha haiN| dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika jJAna prApti hetu sAdhu-sAdhvI, vidvAn , paNDita Adi upalabdha haiM, jinakA upayoga kara vyakti apanA sarvAMgINa vikAsa kara sakatA hai| (1) vyAvahArika zikSA (laukika zikSA) jaina-paramparA meM jIvana-prabandhaka ko AvazyakatAnusAra vyAvahArika zikSA lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| yadyapi jaina vicAradhArA AdhyAtmika unnati ko hI jIvana kA mUla vikAsa mAnatI hai, tathApi isameM jIvikopArjana kI yogyatA vikasita karane kI vyavasthA bhI hai| jainadharma ke Adipravartaka RSabhadevajI ne svayaM gRhasthAvasthA meM laukika zikSA paddhati kI sthApanA kI thii| unhoMne apanI putriyoM ko lipi aura gaNita kI zikSAe~ dI tathA purUSoM ke lie bahattara evaM mahilAoM ke lie causaTha kalAoM kA adhyayana bhI prArambha kiyA thaa| tAlikA 01 - purUSoM kI bahattara kalAe~ 1) lekhakalA 13) aSTApadakalA 25) madhusiktha 2) gaNitakalA 14) dakamRttikAkalA 26) AbharaNavidhi 3) rUpakalA 15) annavidhikalA 27) taruNIpratikarma 4) nATyakalA 16) pAnavidhikalA 28) strIlakSaNa 5) gItakalA 17) vastravidhikalA 29) purUSalakSaNa 6) vAdyakalA 18) sadanavidhi 30) hayalakSaNa 7) svaragatakalA 19) AryAvidhi 31) gajalakSaNa 8) puSkaragatakalA 20) prahelikA 32) golakSaNa 9) samatAlakalA 21) mAgadhikA 33) kukkuTalakSaNa 10) dyUtakalA 22) gAthAkalA 34) meDhalakSaNa 11) janavAdakalA 23) zlokakalA 35) cakralakSaNa 12) AzukavikalA 24) gandhayutikalA 36) chatralakSaNa 38 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva / 152 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #219
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 37) daNDalakSaNa 38) asilakSaNa 39) maNilakSaNa . 40) kAkaNIlakSaNa 41) carmalakSaNa 42) caMdracaryA 43) sUryacaryA 44) rAhucaryA 45) grahacaryA 46) saubhAgyakara 47) daurbhAgyakara 48) vidyAgata 49) maMtragata 50) rahasyagata 51) sabhAsa 52) cArakalA 53) praticArakalA 54) vyUhakalA 55) prativyUhakalA 56) skandhAvAramAna 57) nagaramAna 58) vAstumAna 59) skandhAvAraniveza 60) vastuniveza 61) nagaraniveza 62) iSvastrakalA 63) charuppavAdakalA 64) azvazikSA 65) hastizikSA 66) dhanurveda 67) hiraNyapAkAdi 68) yuddhakalA 69) khelakalA 70) patra-kaTakachedya kalA 71) sajIva-nirjIva 72) zakuniruta tAlikA 02 - striyoM kI causaTha kalAe~ 1) nRtya 16) AkAragopana 31) tatkAlabuddhi 2) aucitya 17) dharmavicAra 32) vAstusiddhi 3) citra 18) zakunavicAra 33) kAmavikriyA 4) vAjiMtra 19) kriyAkalpa 34) vaidyakakriyA 5) maMtra 20) saMskRtajalpa 35) kumbhabhrama 6) tantra 21) prAsAdanIti 36) sArizrama 7) jJAna 22) dharmanIti 37) aMjanayoga 8) vijJAna 23) varNikAvRddhi 38) cUrNayoga 9) dambha 24) suvarNasiddhi 39) hastalAghava 10) jalastambha 25) surabhitailakaraNa 40) vacanapATava 11) gItamAna 26) lIlAsaMcaraNa 41) bhojyavidhi 12) tAlamAna 27) hayagajaparIkSaNa 42) vANijyavidhi 13) meghavRSTi 28) purUSa-strIlakSaNa 43) mukhamaNDana 14) jalavRSTi 29) hemaratnabheda 44) zAlikhaNDana 15) ArAmaropaNa 30) aSTAdAlipipariccheda 45) kathAkathana 153 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 39 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #220
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 46) puSpagranthana 47) vakrokti 48) kAvyazakti 49) sphAravidhiveza 50) sarvabhASA vizeSa 51) abhidhAna jJAna 52) bhUSaNa - paridhAna 53) bhUtyopacAra 54) gRhopacAra 40 55) vyAkaraNa 56) paranirAkaraNa 57 ) randhana 58) kezabandhana 59) vINAnAda paNDita hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra, 'jainadharma meM gRhasthadharma kI una sabhI pravRttiyoM ko yathocita sthAna diyA gayA hai, jinake dvArA manuSya sabhya evaM ziSTa banakara apanI va apane kuTumba kI tathA samAja evaM deza kI sevA karatA huA unnata bana ske| 75 jainakathAnaka meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAlajIvana kA varNana milatA hai, jisameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ATha varSa kI umra hone para unake mAtA-pitA ne zikSA-prApti ke lie unheM eka adhyApaka ke pAsa bhejA thaa| 7" anyatra bhI prasaMga milatA hai ki rAjA prajApAla ne apanI putrI surasundarI evaM mayaNAsundarI ko laukika evaM dhArmika zikSA ke lie yogya zikSakoM ke pAsa bhejA thA, astu / " isI taraha varttamAna pariveza meM bhI zikSA - prabandhana ke lie 'laukika zikSA' kA jIvana meM samAveza karanA atyAvazyaka hai, jisase vidyArthI ke vyaktitva kI yogyatAoM kA upayukta vikAsa ho ske| isa bAta kI puSTi uparyukta jaina - uddharaNoM se bhI hotI hai| Aja jo guNaniSpanna DaoNkTara, abhiyantA, vakIla, ema.bI.e., sI.e. Adi bana rahe haiM, yaha uttama laukika zikSA kA hI pariNAma hai| 78 laukika zikSA se jIvana-vyavahAra meM jo kuzalatA evaM sAmAjikatA dRSTigata hotI hai, usase laukika zikSA kA mahattva svayaMsiddha ho jAtA hai / ataH zikSA ke samyak prabandhana ke antargata ucita laukika zikSA prApta karanA eka anivArya pahalU hai, kintu AdhyAtmika yA vyaktitva vikAsa kI zikSA kI upekSA nahIM honI cAhie / (2) AdhyAtmika zikSA (lokottara zikSA ) 60) vitaNDAvAda 61) aMkavicAra 62) loka - vyavahAra 63) aMtyAkSarikA 64) praznaprahelikAdi jIvana aura adhyAtma kA gaharA sambandha hai / jisa prakAra roTI, kapar3A evaM makAna jIvana kI buniyAdI AvazyakatA hai, usI prakAra mAnasika zAnti, prasannatA Adi bhI jIvana ke anivArya tattva haiN| inakI pUrti ke lie AdhyAtmika zikSA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| jainakathAsAhitya meM AryarakSitasUri kA prasaMga darzAyA gayA hai| ve gRhasthAvasthA meM paradeza se vizeSa adhyayana karake apane gRhanagara dazapura lauTe, prajAsahita rAjA bhI unakI agavAnI karane AyA aura hAthI para biThAkara vizeSa mahotsavapUrvaka unheM ghara taka phuNcaayaa| unhoMne Akara mAtAjI ke caraNoM meM namaskAra kiyA, kintu mAtA ko harSa nahIM huaa| jaba putra ne harSita na hone kA kAraNa pUchA, taba jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 154
Page #221
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAtA ne uttara diyA - "he putra! tuma jo vidyA lekara Ae ho, vaha to mahattvahIna hai, yadi tuma mujhe khuza karanA cAhate ho, to AdhyAtmika zikSA (dRSTivAda) kA adhyayana kro|" - jainasiddhAntasAhitya meM bhI AdhyAtmika zikSA kI preraNA sarvatra dI gaI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - zikSA kA prayojana ajJAna kA nAza karake saMklezoM (duHkhoM) se mukta honA hI hai|80 dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI AdhyAtmika zikSA ke cAra prayojana pratipAdita kie gae haiM31 - 1) samyagjJAna (zrutajJAna) kI prApti krnaa| 2) citta kI ekAgratA prApta krnaa| 3) dharma meM sthira honaa| 4) sva-para ko sanmArga kI ora prerita krnaa| anyatra bhI AdhyAtmika zikSA ke pA~ca uddezyoM kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai - 1) abhinava tattvoM kI prApti / ___4) dUsaroM ke mithyA dRSTikoNa kA parihAra / 2) zraddhA kI pusstti| 5) yathArtha bhAvoM kI anubhuuti| 3) AcAra kI shuddhi| ataH hameM zikSA ke samyak prabandhana hetu laukika-zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika-zikSA kA samAveza bhI karanA caahie| AdhyAtmika zikSA kA vizeSa mahattva jainAcAryoM ne AdhyAtmika zikSA ko atyadhika mahattva diyA hai| yahA~ taka ki laukika zikSA kI tulanA meM bhI AdhyAtmika zikSA ko zreyaskara hI kahA hai| unake anusAra, jIvana kA mUla uddezya AtmA kI carama vizuddha avasthA ko prApta karanA hai arthAt satya jJAna ke dvArA pUrvakRta samasta karmoM kA kSaya karanA hai| jainAcArya ise hI mokSAvasthA kahate haiM aura unakI dRSTi meM AdhyAtmika zikSA ke dvArA hI isakI prApti kI jA sakatI hai|93 vyAvahArika-jIvana kI dRSTi se bhI jIvana-prabandhaka ko AdhyAtmika zikSA prApta karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| yadi amerikA jaise deza ke vyakti bhautika sukha-suvidhA se sampanna hokara bhI tanAva evaM avasAda se grasta haiM, to isakA mUla kAraNa hai - AdhyAtmika zikSA kI atyadhika kmii| hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki bhale hI bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM ke dvArA daihika kaSToM se chuTakArA mila sakatA hai, kintu mAnasika udvega evaM vyathAoM se kadApi nhiiN| mAnasika zAnti evaM prasannatA kA sambandha aMtaraMga vyaktitva ke nirmANa se hai, jisake lie vAsanAoM evaM kAmanAoM para vijaya prApta karanA Avazyaka hai aura jo kevala AdhyAtmika zikSA ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie AdhyAtmika zikSA kI AvazyakatA ko anya prakAra se bhI jAnA jA 155 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #222
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sakatA hai - jIvana ke tIna pakSa hote haiM - sAmAjika, zArIrika evaM maansik| sAmAnyatayA vyakti samAja, parivAra evaM kuTumba Adi ke bIca rahatA hai, yaha usakA 'sAmAjika pakSa' hai| isI prakAra, zarIra, vANI Adi ke AdhAra para jIvana jInA, yaha usakA 'zArIrika pakSa' hai| ina sambandhI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie vyakti sadaiva prayatna karatA rahatA hai aura inake saMrakSaNa evaM vikAsa ke lie bhI tatpara rahatA hai| inake lie hI vaha vyAvahArika-zikSA prApta karatA hai, parantu naitika evaM AdhyAtmika zikSA se vaMcita raha jAtA hai, jisake duSprabhAva bhI vyAvahArika jIvana meM dikhate rahate haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha bhUla hI jAtA hai ki eka tIsarA pahalU 'mAnasika pakSa' hai, jisake sAtha use jInA hotA hai| isa mAnasika pakSa meM aneka icchAe~, vAsanAe~, kAmanAe~, saMvega, Avega Adi hote haiM, jo mana rUpI samudra meM taraMgoM ke samAna nirantara uchAleM mArate rahate haiN| kabhI-kabhI to vaicArika tUphAna bhI utpanna ho jAtA hai, jisase na kevala azAnti paidA hotI hai, apitu aMtaraMga vyaktitva kA patana bhI ho jAtA hai| isa mAnasika pakSa kI vikRttiyoM kA prabhAva kabhI-kabhI bAhya vyavahAra meM bhI dikhAI detA hai| pasInA AnA, ronA-bilakhanA, tIkSNavANI kA prayoga honA, ceharA utara jAnA, manodaihika rogoM kI utpatti honA Adi lakSaNa dikhanA eka Ama bAta hai| jainAcAryoM ne ina icchAoM Adi viparIta manovRttiyoM kA mUla kAraNa 'saMjJAoM' ko mAnA hai, jinheM Adhunika manovijJAna meM mUlapravRtti (Basic Instincts) kahA gayA hai| yadyapi ye saMjJAe~ pratyakSataura para dikhAI nahIM detI, tathApi icchAoM Adi ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI rahatI haiM, jinase vyakti duHkhI evaM santapta hotA rahatA hai| ataH AdhyAtmika zikSA nitAnta Avazyaka hai, jo vyakti ke mAnasika pakSa ko pariSkRta kara jIvana ko Ananda evaM prasannatA se sarAbora kara de| __ jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, ye saMjJAe~ vyakti ke jIvana meM hara samaya vidyamAna rahatI haiN| yadyapi bacapana meM mAnasika vikAsa kI kamI hone se inakA prabhAva nahIM dikhatA, phira bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki bacapana meM inakA astitva nahIM hotA hai| itanA avazya hai ki jaise-jaise zArIrika vikAsa hotA hai, vaise-vaise ye prasupta saMjJAe~ abhivyakta hotI jAtI haiN| yaha avazya hai ki vyakti inheM bAhara prakaTa nahIM karake kabhI bhItara hI bhItara dabA detA hai, to kabhI santuSTa bhI kara detA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie ina manovRttiyoM ko samajhanA atyanta jarurI hai, anyathA ye dImaka kI bhA~ti vyakti ke vyaktitva ko khokhalA kara detI haiM, jisase usakA citta asthira, asantuSTa, anyamanaska evaM asAmaMjasyapUrNa hotA rahatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne isake samAdhAna hetu kahA hai ki manuSya jIvana durlabhatama hai| isakA upayoga sirpha khAne, pIne, sone, bhogane, saMgraha Adi karane ke bajAya manovikAroM ko samApta karane meM karo, kyoMki ye hamezA duHkha dene vAle haiN| ataH zikSA-prabandhana ke antargata AdhyAtmika-zikSA kI prApti karanA atimahattvapUrNa karttavya hai, jisase ina duHkhoM se mukti evaM parama sukha kI prApti kA mArga mila ske| 42 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 156 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #223
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zikSA ke vividha mUlya - jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi vyApaka hai, unhoMne laukika-zikSA ke sAtha AdhyAtmika-zikSA kA samanvaya karane kA nirdeza diyA hai, jisase jIvana ke sAmAjika, zArIrika evaM mAnasika pahaluoM kA samyak vikAsa ho sake tathA jIvana nirdvadva evaM nirAbAdha bana ske| AcArya mahAprajJajI ne isIlie jIvana kI pratyeka pravRtti ko mUlyaparaka banAne kA nirdeza diyA hai| unake anusAra, zikSA meM nimnalikhita solaha mUlyoM kA samAveza honA cAhie - kra. sAmAnya mUlya AcArya mahAprajJajI praNIta mUlya 1) sAmAjika mUlya 1) karttavyaniSThA 2) svAvalambana 2) bauddhika-AdhyAtmika mUlya 3) satya 4) samanvaya 5) saMpradAya nirapekSatA 6) mAnavIya ekatA 3) mAnasika mUlya 4) naitika mUlya 7) mAnasika santulana 8) dhairya 9) prAmANikatA 10) karuNA 11) saha-astitva 5) AdhyAtmika mUlya 12) anAsakti 14) mRdutA 16) AtmAnuzAsana 13) sahiSNutA 15) abhaya 3.6.3 zikSA ke vividha AyAma zikSA pratyeka vikAsa kA AdhAra hai, ataH zikSA sirpha zikSA ke lie nahIM honI cAhie, apitu jIvana ke samyak parimArjana evaM vikAsa ke lie honI caahie| mahAvidyAlayoM ke praveza dvAra para likhA huA yaha vAkya, 'Enter to learn and go out to serve', vidyArthI ke naitika vikAsa ke lakSya kA sUcaka hai| isI taraha Arya saMskRti kA mUla vAkya, 'sA vidyA yA vimuktaye', bhI vidyA ke vikAsazIla AdhyAtmika prayojana ko iMgita karatA hai| jainaparamparA meM bhI kahA gayA hai, 'sA vijjA dukkhamoyaNI' arthAt jo duHkhoM se mukta kare, vahI zikSA hai| uparyukta subhASitoM se spaSTa hai ki saiddhAntika stara para sabhI apanA sarvAMgINa vikAsa cAhate haiM, lekina vartamAna meM prAyogika stara para unakI zikSA ekapakSIya hI rahatI hai, isase vikAsa bhI ekapakSIya hotA hai aura zikSA kI sArthakatA bhI pUrNa nahIM ho paatii| zikSA sArthaka tabhI ho sakatI hai, jaba isameM sarvAMgINatA ho| jJAna kI vistRtatA evaM gahanatA ke lie jIvana-prabandhaka ko zikSA ke vividha AyAmoM ko samajhakara jIvana meM prayoga karanA caahie| ye AyAma isa prakAra haiM - (1) zArIrika vikAsa (Bodily Development) - jIvanayAtrA meM zarIra kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| sAmAnyatayA svastha zarIra meM hI svastha mana kA vAsa hotA hai, ataH bacapana se hI zarIra ke prati vivekapUrNa vyavahAra karanA caahie| sthAnAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - 'pahalA sukha nirogI kaayaa'|87 157 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #224
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ parantu zarIra nirogI tabhI raha sakatA hai, jaba usake prati lAparavAhI na ho| ataH zikSA ke dvArA jIvana-prabandhaka ko aisI zailI apanAnI cAhie, jisase usakA ucita zArIrika vikAsa ho ske| zArIrika vikAsa ke lie jIvana-prabandhaka ko svAsthya-cetanA ko jAgrata karAne vAlI zikSA prApta karanA Avazyaka hai, isase vaha zarIra rUpI tantra ko svastha rakhakara samyak dizA meM isakA prayoga kara ske| isa hetu jainaAcArazAstra ucita digdarzana dete haiN| isakI vistRta carcA pA~caveM adhyAya meM kI jaaegii| (2) saMpreSaNAtmaka vikAsa (Communication Skills Development) - vANI vyaktitva kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| manuSya kA adhikAMza sAmAjika-vyavahAra vANI ke mAdhyama se hotA hai, ataH vANI-vyavahAra ko saMyamita karane sambandhI zikSA bhI jIvana-prabandhaka ke lie Avazyaka hai| jainaAcArazAstroM meM saMpreSaNAtmaka vikAsa arthAt samyak vANI vyavahAra se sambandhita aneka nirdeza die gae haiM, jaise - vyakti ko kaise, kahA~, kaba evaM kitanA bolanA cAhie aura bolate samaya kina zabdoM kA prayoga karanA cAhie ityaadi| isakI vistRta carcA chaThe adhyAya meM kI jaaegii| (3) bauddhika vikAsa (Intellectual Development) - vyaktitva kA eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai - buddhi (mtijnyaan)| yaha vyakti kA jJAnAtmaka pakSa hai| bauddhika vikAsa kA tAtparya baddhigata jJAna ke vikAsa se hai| aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga viSayoM kA jJAna prApta karane hetu vidvAnoM athavA pustakoM ke dvArA kathita jJAna ko jAnanA, smaraNa karanA evaM dhAraNa karanA bauddhika jJAna hai| isake samyak vikAsa ke lie vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika zikSA ke aneka saMsthAna (Institutes), pustakeM evaM zikSakAdi upalabdha haiM, jinakA sahayoga liyA jA sakatA hai| (4) mAnasika vikAsa Mental Development) - vyaktitva nirmANa kA eka anivArya ghaTaka hai - mAnasika vikaas| bauddhika jJAna apane Apa meM taba taka aparyApta hotA hai, jaba taka ki usa para ucita cintana-manana evaM nirNaya nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| jaina zikSA-paddhati meM 'anuprekSA' ko zikSA kA eka aMga batAyA gayA hai, jisakA artha hI hai - kisI viSaya kA bArambAra cintana krnaa| ataH anuprekSA ke dvArA mAnasika vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta jaina karmazAstra, mArgaNA-siddhAnta, nyAya-siddhAnta Adi kA adhyayana bhI mAnasika vikAsa ke lie upayogI haiN| mAnasika vikAsa ko hI Adhunika manovijJAna meM Intellectual Quotient (I.Q.) Development kahA jAtA hai| vaijJAnikoM, vicArakoM Adi meM mAnasika vikAsa kI mAtrA apekSAkRta adhika hotI hai| mAnasika vikAsa kA vyApaka abhiprAya mana kI yogyatAoM ke sakArAtmaka vikAsa se hai, jisase manobala, ekAgratA, sahajatA, saMkalpazakti Adi kA vikAsa ho, viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI tanAva, avasAda na ho, samaya para jJAna kI jAgRti ho ityaadi| 44 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 158 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #225
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (5) bhAvAtmaka vikAsa (Emotional Development) - jIvana-yAtrA meM aneka bhAvoM kA anubhava hotA hai, jaise - krodha, bhaya, ghRNA, prema aadi| inheM hI Adhunika manovijJAna meM 'saMvega' kahA jAtA hai| ye saMvega yA bhAva mUlatayA vyaktitva para par3ane vAle paristhiti ke prabhAvoM ko sUcita karate haiN| jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM inakA utpatti sthAna 'AtmA' hai, jo vyaktitva kA sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa tattva hai| yadyapi AtmA evaM usake bhAva dikhAI nahIM dete, tathApi ye vyakti ke vyavahAra ke zaktizAlI preraka hote haiN| vyakti kA burA evaM acchA AcaraNa inhIM bhAvoM se saMcAlita hotA hai| ina bhAvoM ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1) vidheyAtmaka (Positive), jaise - vizvAsa, zraddhA, vinamratA, kSamA, sAmaMjasya ityAdi / 2) niSedhAtmaka (Negative), jaise - bhaya, ghRNA, IrSyA, hInatA, chidrAnveSaNa, Agraha ityaadi| bhAvAtmaka vikAsa kA tAtparya niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM ke parihAra evaM vidheyAtmaka bhAvoM kI abhivRddhi se hai| jitanA-jitanA bhAvAtmaka vikAsa hotA hai, utanA-utanA vyakti ke jIvana-vyavahAra meM santulana, sAmaMjasya tathA samanvaya bar3hatA jAtA hai| Adhunika-manovijJAna meM ise Emotional Quotient (E.Q.) Development kahA jAtA hai| aisA samajhA jAtA rahA hai ki vyakti kI saphalatA evaM upalabdhiyA~ I.Q. para AdhArita hotI haiM, kintu Adhunika zodhakartA golamaina (Goleman, 1996) ne yaha siddha kiyA ki vyakti ko jo bhI saphalatAe~ prApta hotI haiM, usakA mAtra 20% I.Q. ke kAraNa hotA hai aura 80% E.Q. ke kaarnn| 1 jaina-zikSA-paddhati kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM hamezA E.Q. ke vikAsa hetu kSamA, mRdutA, saralatA, santoSa Adi sadguNoM ko apanAne kI preraNA dI gaI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM maddavayA jinne| mAyaM cajjavabhAveNa, lobhaM saMtosao jinne|| arthAt krodha ko kSamA, mAna ko mRdutA, mAyA ko saralatA aura lobha ko santoSa se jItanA caahie| jainAcAryoM ne bhAvAtmaka vikAsa ke lie bArambAra aprazasta (niSedhAtmaka) bhAvoM se prazasta (vidheyAtmaka) bhAvoM kI ora bar3hane kA nirdeza diyA hai aura isake lie svAdhyAya, dhyAna, kAyotsarga, anuprekSA, pratikramaNa, sAmAyika Adi prayogoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| (6) AdhyAtmika vikAsa (Spiritual Development) - bhAvAtmaka vikAsa kA sambandha bure AcaraNa se acche AcaraNa, bure vicAra se acche vicAra, azubha bhAvoM se zubha bhAvoM meM praveza se hai, jabaki AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA sambandha, pravRtti se nivRtti, vicAra se nirvicAra evaM vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora gamana karane se hai| ataH AdhyAtmika vikAsa mUlataH bhAvAtmaka vikAsa kA uttarottara sopAna hai| 159 adhyAya 3 : zikSA prabandhana 45 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #226
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ise Adhunika manovijJAna kI bhASA meM Spiritual Quotient (S.Q.) Development kahA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA artha AtmA ke vikAsa se hai| jainadarzana AtmavAdI darzana hai, jo AtmapUrNatA ko hI jIvana kI sarvocca avasthA mAnatA hai| isa AtmapUrNatA kI dizA meM kie jAne vAle vikAsa ko hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa mAnanA caahie| jaina-zikSA-paddhati meM jIvana ke nimna uddezya batAe gae haiM, jo AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka haiM - zikSA kA prathama prayojana hai - samyagdarzana (Right Belief) kI prApti krnaa| jainadarzana ke anusAra, vyakti kI jIvana-dRSTi samyak hue binA usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa bhI sambhava nahIM hotA, ataH zikSA kA eka mahattvapUrNa prayojana vyakti kI jIvana jIne kI dRSTi ko samyak banAnA hai| zikSA kA dvitIya prayojana hai - bhUloM ko sudhArane ke lie Atma-sajagatA kI vRddhi krnaa| zikSA kA tRtIya prayojana hai - apanI AtmazaktiyoM ko vAsanAoM ke poSaNa se haTAkara saMyama ke kSetra meM niyojita krnaa| zikSA kA carama aura antima prayojana hai - vyakti kI jJAnAtmaka evaM vivekAtmaka zaktiyoM kA vikAsa krnaa| jisase vaha heya-jJeya-upAdeya kA bhedakara apane jIvana-vyavahAra ko samIcIna banAtA huA AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI prApti kara ske| jIvana-prabandhana ke kSetra meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA vizeSa mahattva hai, kyoMki isa vikAsa se hI sabhI prakAra kI prApta paristhitiyoM meM samatA, samAdhi evaM Ananda ke sAtha jIne kI kalA AtmA meM prakaTa hotI hai| yahI kalA vyakti ko parAzrita se svAzrita (AtmAzrita) banAtI hai| isase hI rAga-dveSa, moha, ajJAna evaM Asakti kama hotI hai tathA jJAtA-dRSTA rUpa sAkSI bhAva vikasita hotA hai| sabhI saMkleza, udvega, kaSTa, saMvega kA pUrNa kSaya karane kA mArga bhI yahI hai, ataH zikSA ke isa antima AyAma taka pahu~canA pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka kA lakSya honA caahie| jainAcAryoM ne Atma-vizuddhi ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lakSya se hI kiyA hai| unakA mUla vAkya hai - jJAnasya phalam virati: 4 arthAt zikSA vahI sArthaka hai, jo vAsanAoM evaM kAmanAoM se virakti dilAkara cAritrika evaM naitika pragati ke mArga para agrasara kre| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sambandha meM vizeSa carcA adhyAya teraha meM kI jaaegii| isa prakAra, yadi vyakti uparyukta SaD-AyAmoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara zikSArjana kare, to zikSA usake sarvAMgINa vikAsa kA AdhAra bana sakatI hai aura vaha kramazaH zArIrika, saMpreSaNAtmaka, bauddhika, mAnasika evaM bhAvAtmaka vikAsa kI prakriyAoM se gujaratA huA antataH AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prApti kara sakatA hai| 46 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 160 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #227
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sarvAMgINa vyaktitva vikAsa ke SaDAyAma SECRENA 1) zArIrika vikAsa 1) svasthatA 2) sphUrti 3) saundarya ityAdi SONSTRUMERPUseryogshamefPR AR 2) hitakArI vANI ) mauna-viveka ityAdi 3) bauddhika vikAsa 1) bhASAyI jJAna, jaise - hindI, aMgrejI, saMskRta, prAkRta Adi 2) vizva ke aitihAsika evaM Adhunika tathyoM kA sAmAnya jJAna (General Knowledge) 3) laukika zikSA - sI.e., DaoNkTara, iMjIniyara Adi bananA 4) AdhyAtmika zikSA - prathamAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga, caraNa-karaNAnuyoga kA sAmAnyajJAna 5) smaraNa-zakti kA vikAsa (Memory Power) 6) grAhyakSamatA kA vikAsa (Grasping Power) 7) laukika evaM AdhyAtmika zikSA kA samayAnusAra saMzodhana evaM saMvarddhana (Revision & Upgradation of Knowledge) Fruila 4) mAnasika vikAsa ) buddhimattA guNAMka (I.Q.) kA vikAsa 2) mAnasika ekAgratA kA vikAsa N E ETE3) cintana-manana-nirNayana kSamatA kA vikAsa 14) akathita evaM azruta viSayoM ko samajhane kI yogyatA kA vikAsa 15) racanAtmaka evaM sRjanAtmaka zaktiyoM kA vikAsa 16) bauddhika vikAsa kI zikSAoM para vizeSajJatA kI prApti T ET ) dUradarzitA 8) vizleSaNAtmaka evaM saMzleSaNAtmaka zailI kA vikAsa 9) manobala kA vikAsa ityAdi 5) bhAvAtmaka vikAsa 1) bhAvanAtmaka guNAMka (E.Q.) kA vikAsa 2) vyAvahArika jIvana jIne kI kalA kA vikAsa 3) sAmAjika stara para naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa 4) duHkhada saMvegoM para niyantraNa karane kI zakti kA vikAsa 5) sadaiva prasannacitta rahane kA abhyAsa 6) vidheyAtmaka manobhAvoM, jaise - nirbhIkatA, dhairya, sahiSNutA Adi kA vikAsa 7) niSedhAtmaka manobhAvoM, jaise - IrSyA, saMdeha, lobha, mAyA, ahaM Adi kA hrAsa ityAdi 8) AdhyAtmika vikAsa ) AdhyAtmika guNAMka (S.Q.) kA vikAsa 12) cAroM anuyogoM para AdhArita zikSAoM kI bhAvAtmaka anubhUti kA abhyAsa 3) AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM unnati 4) icchAoM kA nirodha 5) sAkSIbhAva meM jIne kA abhyAsa ityAdi 161 adhyAya 3 : zikSA prabandhana 47 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #228
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3.6.4 santulita zikSA : eka AvazyakatA zikSA ke vividha AyAma hI jIvana - vikAsa ke AdhAra haiN| inameM se kisI bhI AyAma kI, cAhe vaha zArIrika ho yA sUcanAtmaka, bauddhika ho yA mAnasika tathA bhAvAtmaka ho yA AdhyAtmika, upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| yadi kisI bhI AyAma kI upekSA hotI hai, to vyaktitva kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA / varttamAna zikSApraNAlI meM yahI kamI hai ki isameM vyaktitva ke sabhI AyAmoM ke santulita vikAsa para dhyAna nahIM diyA jA rahA hai| eka ora zArIrika, saMpreSaNAtmaka evaM bauddhika AyAmoM kA mahattva bar3ha rahA hai, to dUsarI ora mAnasika, bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika AyAma upekSita haiN| inameM bhI zArIrika vikAsa kI pragati apekSAkRta kama evaM bauddhika vikAsa kI pragati atitIvra hai| isI prakAra, mAnasika vikAsa kI pragati bahuta kama tathA bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa to nagaNya yA viparIta hI hai / jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha isa asantulana ko dUra kre| vaha isa prakAra se zikSA prApta kare ki zikSA ke sabhI AyAmoM kA samyak evaM santulita vikAsa ho ske| jainakathAnakoM meM aise aneka prasaMga Ate haiM, jinameM zikSArthI aneka kaSToM ko sahana karake bhI zikSA prApti ke lie sudUravartI kSetroM meM ge| Arya sthUlibhadrajI Agama-adhyayana ke lie nepAla gae, munidvaya haMsa evaM paramahaMsa bauddhadarzana ke adhyayana hetu nAlandA gae ityAdi / ina prasaMgoM se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki suvidhAoM ke abhAva meM bhI athaka parizrama bala para durlabha zikSA - sAdhanoM ko juTAyA jA sakatA hai| ye prasaMga jIvana - prabandhaka ke lie bhI preraka haiM / bhale hI Aja ke vidyAlayoM, mahAvidyAlayoM evaM vizvavidyAlayoM kI zikSApraNAlI meM antima tIna AyAma upekSita haiM, phira bhI jIvanopayogI zikSA ke lie prayatna karake jIvana ke anya pahaluoM se sambandhita zikSA-vyavasthA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| vastutaH, jIvana - prabandhana hetu eka santulita nIti apanAnI hogii| zArIrika, saMpreSaNAtmaka evaM bauddhika vikAsa ke lie vyakti ko laukika zikSAlayoM kA lAbha uThAnA hogA tathA mAnasika, bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie AdhyAtmika evaM naitika saMsthAnoM kA upayoga karanA hogaa| phira bhI aise saMsthAnoM kI vyavasthA milanA AsAna nahIM hai, ataH use svayaM hI javAbadArI vahana karanI hogii| jainazAstroM meM do prakAra kI zikSA-paddhatiyA~ varNita haiM. 1) nisargaja evaM 2) adhigamaja / nisargaja svAzrita zikSA-paddhati hai, to adhigamaja paropadezapUrvaka prApta kI jAne vAlI parAzrita zikSA-paddhati hai| ataH jIvana - prabandhaka ko cAhie ki jaba gurugama (sudeva-sugurU-sudharma) prApta ho, to unase jJAnArjana avazya kare, jaba guru kA samAgama na ho sake, to anya sakSama jIvana - prabandhakoM kI saMgati kare, ve bhI na mileM, to satzAstroM ko AdhAra banAe, kadAcit ve bhI upalabdha na hoM, to pUrva meM prApta zikSA ke AdhAra para cintana-manana karake apane jIvana vikAsa ke lakSya kI pUrti kre| yahI dRSTi AdhyAtmika sAdhaka zrImadrAjacaMdra ne bhI darzAyI hai|" ,97 48 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 162
Page #229
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa prakAra, jaina- vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM zikSA ke vividha AyAmoM kA santulita vikAsa karanA Avazyaka hai, ataH pratyeka jIvana- prabandhaka ko sirpha bauddhika vikAsa athavA zArIrika vikAsa ko hI mahattva dekara anya AyAmoM kI upekSA nahIM karanI cAhie, varan upekSita rahe AdhyAtmika evaM bhAvAtmakAdi AyAmoM kI ora bhI yathocita dhyAna denA hI cAhie / 163 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 49
Page #230
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3.7 zikSA prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa pUrva meM zikSA-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika-pakSoM ko samajhane ke pazcAt yaha prazna uThatA hai ki eka sAmAnya vyakti ke jIvana-vyavahAra meM zikSA kA prAyogika svarUpa kyA ho sakatA hai? isakA samyak nirAkaraNa jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para kiyA jA rahA hai| 3.7.1 zikSA kI do vidhAe~ zikSA kA mUla artha hai - abhyAsapUrvaka jJAna prApta krnaa| abhyAsa ke binA adhyayana adhUrA hotA hai, ataH zikSA aisI honI cAhie, jo saiddhAntika ke sAtha-sAtha vyAvahArika bhI ho arthAt prAyogika bhI ho| jainAcAryoM ne isI dRSTi ko sAmane rakhakara zikSA ke do prakAra batAe haiM - 1 grahaNAtmaka zikSA (Theoretical Education) evaM 2 AsevanAtmaka zikSA (Practical Education) / grahaNAtmaka zikSA kA sambandha zikSA ke saiddhAntika pakSa se tathA AsevanAtmaka zikSA kA sambandha jIvana-prayogoM se hai| Azaya yaha hai ki pahale grahaNa karo (jAno) phira usakA Asevana (prayoga) karo, yahI zikSA kI pUrI prakriyA hai| Aja abhyAsAtmaka zikSA chUTa gaI hai, jJAnAtmaka zikSA baca gaI hai|100 zikSA-prabandhaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha zArIrika Adi SaD-AyAmoM se sambandhita pratyeka zikSA ko pahale saiddhAntika taura para samajhe aura phira usakA prayoga bhI jIvana meM avazya kre| 3.7.2 zikSA ke aMga zikSA kA artha sirpha suna lenA yA par3ha lenA nahIM, apitu samyak prakAra se viSaya ko dhAraNa karanA bhI hai| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie zikSA (svAdhyAya) ke pA~ca aMga pratipAdita kie haiM101 - 1) vAcanA kisI viSaya kA paThana athavA zravaNa krnaa| jijJAsA ke samAdhAna ke lie prazna puuchnaa| 3) anuprekSA jAne hue viSaya kA bArambAra cintana krnaa| 4) parAvarttanA jAne hue viSaya kA punarAvartana (Revision) krnaa| 5) dharmakathA jAne hue viSaya meM dUsaroM ko sahabhAgI bnaanaa| Aja zikSA meM vAcanA, parAvarttanA evaM dharmakathA to kisI hada taka ho rahI hai, kintu pRcchanA evaM anuprekSA nadArada hai| Azaya yaha hai ki zikSA meM zikSArthI ko zikSaka se prazna (jijJAsA) pUchanA cAhie aura samAdhAna pAnA cAhie, isase viSaya kI spaSTatA ho sakatI hai, parantu Aja aisA nahIM ho rahA hai| isI prakAra, jAne hue viSaya kA vizeSa cintana, manana, nirNaya tathA anubhUti honI cAhie, parantu Aja zikSArthI kA samaya vidyAlaya, kociMga klAsa ityAdi meM hI pUrA ho jAtA hai aura vaha Avazyaka cintana kara hI nahIM paataa| isase vaha viSaya ko hRdayagamya nahIM kara pAtA, jisase zikSaka kA viSaya zikSArthI 50 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 164 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #231
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kA viSaya nahIM bana paataa| zikSA-prabandhana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti ekAgracitta evaM Agraharahita hokara vAcanA le (Listen attentively without bias), phira jAne hue viSaya ke aspaSTa pahaluoM kA nirAkaraNa kare, zAntacitta hokara jAne hue viSaya ke avacanIya pahaluoM (Unexpressable facts) ko samajhe, bArambAra punarAvartana kara unheM kaNThastha kare tathA anyoM se vArtAlApa ke dvArA jJAna ko vyApaka bnaae| yaha svAdhyAya-paddhati zikSA-prabandhana ke kSetra meM jainAcAryoM kA amUlya avadAna hai| 3.7.3 anuprekSA se anubhUti taka jisa taraha se chAcha ko mathakara makkhana kI prApti kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra se jAne hue viSaya kI anuprekSA karake usake sArabhUta tattvoM kI anubhUti kI jAtI hai aura vaha cirakAla taka banI rahatI hai| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie anuprekSA kA vizeSa mahattva batAyA hai| anuprekSA ke antargata cintana, manana, nirNaya, samajha kA kramazaH vikAsa kiyA jAtA hai aura antataH tattvoM kI talasparzI anubhUti taka pahu~cA jAtA hai| yaha jJAna bhAvoM kI sparzanA karatA hai aura mAnasika, bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA mAdhyama banatA hai| jainakathAnakoM meM anuprekSA se tattvAnubhUti taka pahu~cane ke aneka prasaMga prApta hote haiM - ___ 1) cilAtIputra upazama, viveka evaM saMvara - ina tIna zabdoM kA anucintana kara paramAtmA bane / 2) atimuktaka muni IryApathika kriyA (gamanAgamana kI AlocanA) kI anuprekSA karate-karate paramAtmA hue| 3) zivabhUti (mASatuSa) muni jJAna kI alpatA hone para bhI 'mASatuSa' (mUla pada mArusa mAtusa) pada kA cintana karate-karate paramAtmA bane ityaadi| ataH zikSA-prabandhana ke lie anuprekSA ke mahattva ko svIkAranA hogaa| vastutaH, sirpha bauddhika kasarata karake acche aMka se parIkSA uttIrNa kara lenA hI paryApta nahIM hai, apitu viSaya kI saccI samajha (Right Perception) vikasita karanA bhI jarurI hai| isase hI mAnasika, bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA dvAra udghATita hogaa| 3.7.4 yathArtha bodha kA krama viSaya kI saccI anubhUti ke lie zikSA (jJAna) prApti kA ucita krama honA atyAvazyaka hai| zikSA-prabandhana meM isa krama kA pAlana karake hI zikSA ko sArthaka banAyA jA sakatA hai| prazna uThatA hai ki yaha krama kaisA ho? jainAcArya hemacaMdra ne sadgRhastha ko ATha prakAra kI buddhiyoM se yukta hone kA upadeza diyA hai| gRhastha yadi ina buddhiyoM se kramazaH yukta hokara zikSA arjana kare, to vaha viSaya ke marma ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha sakatA hai|102 165 adhyAya 3: zikSA-prabandhana 51 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #232
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ PREPRERNADARASRAJPORDPRG 1) zuzrUSA (jijJAsA) viSaya ko jAnane kI abhilaassaa| 2) avaNa mA ekAgracitta hokara upadezAdi sunanA (upalakSaNa se pddh'naa)| 3) grahaNa upadiSTa viSaya ke artha ko smjhnaa| dhAraNA viSaya ko yAda rkhnaa| 5) vijJAna jJAna ko vyavasthita evaM sandeharahita krnaa| jAne hue jJAna ko vidheyAtmaka yukti-taka Adi ke dvArA vyApaka banAnA, jaise - ghara meM agni dekhakara usakA nizcaya karanA aura phira kabhI parvata para dhunI dekhakara yaha agni hai', aisI yukti lgaanaa| 7) apoha jAne hue jJAna ko niSedhAtmaka yukti-tarka Adi ke dvArA vyApaka banAnA, jaise - kisI jIva kI hiMsA karane se pApa lagatA hai, yaha nirNaya karane ke pazcAt 'kisI jIva ko duHkha dene se bhI pApa lagatA hai', aisI yukti lgaanaa| 8 tatvAminiveza vijJAna Uha, apoha ke AdhAra para yathArtha jJAna karane ke lie samyaka dRSTikoNa bnaanaa| MAN zikSA-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha jijJAsA ke sAtha viSaya kA zravaNa kare tathA kramazaH Age bar3hate hue viSaya se sambandhita sahI dRSTikoNa bnaae| vastutaH, jaba taka sahI dRSTikoNa nahIM banatA, taba taka saiddhAntika zikSA ko pUrNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha jainAcAryoM kA spaSTa nirdeza hai tathA mAnasika, bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prApti kA sahI mArga bhii| isa prakAra, nirNIta viSaya kA bArambAra dhyAna karake apane vidheyAtmaka bhAvoM kI jAgRti banAnI cAhie, jisase hara paristhiti meM citta kI samatA evaM samAdhi banI rhe| 3.7.5 zabda se bhAvArtha taka pustaka meM par3he hue athavA kAnoM se sune hue zabdoM kA sahI arthabodha karanA bhI atyAvazyaka hai| yadi zabda kA prasaMgAnurUpa Azaya samajha meM na Ae, to na kevala zabda nirarthaka ho jAtA hai, varan kabhI-kabhI anarthakArI bhI ho jAtA hai, isIlie jaina-paramparA meM zabda se adhika mahattva artha ko diyA gayA hai| zabda sirpha sAdhana hai, sAdhya nahIM, sAdhya to artha hI hai| zabda to kevala artha ko samajhAne ke lie eka pratIka yA saMketa ke samAna hai, jisake vAcyatA-sAmarthya kI apanI eka sImA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa - gannA, Ama, tarabUja, rasagullA Adi padArthoM kI miThAsa alaga-alaga hone ke bAvajUda bhI ina sabako mIThA kahanA par3atA hai, kyoMki zabda kI apanI sImA hai|103 ataH zabda se bhI adhika mahattva arthabodha kA hai|104 yadi arthabodha samyak hogA to hI zikSA kI sArthakatA hogii| prazna uThatA hai ki vyakti samyak arthabodha kaise kare? samyak arthabodha ke lie jainAcAryoM ne pA~ca prakAra se vAkya kA artha samajhane kI paddhati pratipAdita kI hai, jo pratyeka zikSArthI ke lie anukaraNIya hai105 - 52 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 166 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #233
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1) zabdArtha kathana meM prayukta zabdoM ke AdhAra para sAmAnya artha krnaa| 2) nayArtha alaga-alaga dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para eka hI kathana ke bhinna-bhinna artha karanA, phira prasaMgAnusAra sahI artha kA cayana krnaa| 3) matArtha kathana ke sandarbha meM vibhinna-mata vAloM kI vicAradhArA ko samajhakara sahI abhiprAya grahaNa krnaa| 4) AgamArtha satzAstroM (AgamoM aura anuyogoM) ke AdhAra para kathana kA artha krnaa| 5) bhAvArtha vAkya ke abhiprAya arthAt sArabhUta bhAvoM ko smjhnaa| uparyukta paddhati kA prayoga jIvana kI sabhI zikSAoM (laukika evaM AdhyAtmika) kI prApti karate samaya kiyA jAnA caahie| inakA prayoga karake zikSArthI zikSaka ke gUr3ha abhiprAya kI samyak bhAvAnubhUti kara sakatA hai| isase mAnasika, bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika AyAmoM meM rahI kamajoriyA~ dUra ho sakatI 3.7.6 zikSA : jIvanabhara calane vAlI satata prakriyA sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki zikSA kA sambandha jIvana ke prArambhika kAla meM (kizorAvasthAparyanta) apanAI jAne vAlI sIkhane kI prakriyAoM se hai, jo lagabhaga tIna varSa kI umra se prArambha hokara lagabhaga paccIsa varSa kI umra taka calatI hai| zikSA-prabandhana ke lie yaha mAnyatA sahI nahIM hai| vastutaH, zikSA ke lie umra kA koI bandhana nahIM hotA, yaha garbha-kAla se prArambha hokara mRtyuparyanta calane vAlI prakriyA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, jJAna to AtmA kA guNa hai aura isIlie jAnane kI kriyA satata calatI hI rahatI hai| 100 ataH zikSA-prabandhana ke lie vyakti ko jIvana kI kisI bhI umra evaM pratyeka bhUmikA meM guNagrAhitA kA bhAva rakhate hue jIvanopayogI tathyoM ko sIkhanA hI caahie| jainakathAsAhitya meM anekAneka udAharaNa isa tathya ke pramANa haiM, jaise - kumArapAla mahArAjA ne pacAsa varSa kI umra meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana kiyA, vRddhavAdIsUrijI ne vRddhAvasthA meM vizeSa sAdhanA ke bala para jJAnArjana kiyA aura rAjA ke ahaM kA khaNDana kiyA ityaadi| 3.7.7 zikSA-saMskAra kI prAcIna prakriyA evaM vartamAna meM isakI prAsaMgikatA uparyukta carcA sAmAnya zikSA kI dRSTi se kI gaI hai, kintu vizeSa zikSA arthAt vidhivat lI jAne vAlI vidyAlayIna zikSA ke bAre meM jainAcAryoM ne vizeSa varNana kiyA hai| AdipurANa ke anusAra, pUrva meM pA~ca varSa kI umra se bAlaka kI vidhivat zikSA prArambha hotI thI evaM isa hetu nimna cAra prakAra ke saMskAra die jAte the107 - 1) lipi saMskAra - pA~ca varSa kI Ayu hone para bAlaka kA prAthamika adhyayana prArambha ho jAtA thaa| 167 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 53 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #234
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2) upanIta saMskAra - AThaveM varSa meM bAlaka kI upanIti kriyA hotI thii| jainakathAnakoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra, mahAbalakumAra, dRr3hapratijJa Adi ke zikSA grahaNa ke samaya upanayana-utsava kA varNana prApta hotA hai| isa avasara para bAlaka ko jJAnArjana meM bAdhaka pravRttiyoM, jaise - tAmbUla-sevana, aMjana lagAnA, ubaTana lagAnA, zRMgArapUrvaka snAna karanA, nATakAdi dekhanA, palaMga para sonA Adi kA tyAga karanA hotA thA aura isI prakAra se zveta aura sAde vastra dhAraNa, zuddha alpa jala se snAna, alpa-AhAra, vidyA prApti ke lie zrama, alpanidrA evaM brahmacarya kA pAlana Adi pravRttiyA~ karanI hotI thii| 3) vratacaryA saMskAra - vidyA adhyayana ke samaya karttavya evaM akartavya kA viveka vikasita karane hetu vratacaryA saMskAra ke antargata brahmacaryAdi vratoM kA pAlana karanA hotA thaa| 4) vratAvataraNa kriyA yA dIkSAnta saMskAra - adhyayana kArya ke bAraha athavA solaha varSa vyatIta ho jAne para vratAvataraNa kriyA kI jAtI thii| isake pazcAt vidyArambha ke samaya tyAga kie gae AbhUSaNa, mAlA, vastra Adi gurvAjJA se punaH dhAraNa karAe jAte the, sAtha hI sthUla hiMsA Adi ke tyAga rUpa sadAcAramayI pravRttiyA~, jo pUrva meM apanAI jAtI thI, unakA pAlana vratAvataraNa kriyA ke bAda meM bhI karanA hotA thaa| vartamAna meM jainaparamparA evaM anya bhAratIya paramparAoM meM yaha zikSApraNAlI lupta ho gaI hai, phira bhI zikSA ke samyak prabandhana ke lie AMzika parivartana ke sAtha yaha anukaraNIya hai| Aja bhI yadi vratoM kA pAlana karate hue sAdagIpUrNa tarIke se adhyayana ho, to bauddhika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa sahaja hI ho sakatA hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnika vizeSataH sara sigamaNDa phrAyaDa Adi ke anusAra, jIvana ke prArambhika kAla ke saMskAra evaM vyavahAra kA sampUrNa | jIvana-vyavahAra para gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai, ataH yadi zikSAkAla meM bAlaka ko uttama saMskAroM se susajjita kara diyA jAe, to vizva meM svastha vyakti evaM svastha samAja kI kalpanA sAkAra ho sakatI hai, isa prakAra naI pIr3hI kA navanirmANa ho sakatA hai| ___ vartamAna pariprekSya meM zikSArthI ko zikSArjana ke sAtha-sAtha nimnalikhita kArya karanA cAhie, jisase usake caritra kI bhI samyak prakAra se unnati ho sake - 1) hatyA, balAtkAra, daMge Adi krUratAmaya dRzyoM ko prasArita karane vAle manoraMjana ke vividha sAdhanoM, jaise - TI.vI., calacitra Adi se niyamapUrvaka dUra rhnaa| 2) caritrahIna mitroM se ucita dUrI rkhnaa| 3) azlIla athavA phUhar3a patra-patrikAoM kA paThana nahIM krnaa| 4) samaya evaM saMskAroM ko naSTa karane vAlI pravRttiyoM, jaise - ghUmane-phirane, saira-sapATe, hoTaliMga karane Adi se dUra rhnaa| 5) tar3akIle-bhar3akIle vastroM kI apekSA saMskRti ke anurUpa paridhAna phnnaa| 54 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 168 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #235
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6) mAtRbhakti, pitRbhakti, gurubhakti, dharmabhakti, dezabhakti ke kAryoM meM utsAhita rhnaa| 7) mAnava hI nahIM, prANImAtra ke prati prema , karUNA, sahayoga kI bhAvanA rakhanA ityaadi| isa prakAra kI pravRttiyA~ uccacAritra kA nirmANa karane meM vizeSa sahayogI ho sakatI haiN| ___zikSA kA Arambha kisa umra se karanA cAhie? yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| Aja to do-DhAI varSa kI umra se hI bAlaka ko vidyAlaya bhejA jAtA hai, jo ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| isase bAlaka ko alpavaya meM hI, jaba usakA mastiSka pUrNa vikasita nahIM hotA, vidyAlayIna zikSA kA bojha vahana karanA par3atA hai| vaha mAtA-pitA ke dvArA vyaktigata dhyAna (Personal attention) dekara die jAne yogya zikSaNa-prazikSaNa evaM prema-sneha se bhI vaMcita raha jAtA hai| vaha parivAra ke AcAra-vicAra, rahana-sahana Adi se bhI aparicita raha jAtA hai aura usakI parivAra ke sadasyoM ke sAtha pUrNa AtmIyatA bhI nahIM bana paatii| vidyAlaya meM sAmUhika zikSA vyavasthA (Group Teaching System) hone se usakA prArambhika-vikAsa vyaktigata dhyAna ke abhAva meM DhaMga se nahIM ho paataa| vaha bauddhika vikAsa meM to Age bar3ha jAtA hai, lekina naitika evaM bhAvAtmaka vikAsa meM kamajora raha jAtA hai| isa prakAra, pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke anurUpa apane bAlakoM kA adhyayana Arambha karane kI umra ko vivekapUrvaka sunizcita kre| isa prakAra, zikSA-prApti ko lekara jainAcAryoM dvArA die nirdezoM meM se kaI bindu jIvana-vyavahAra meM apanAe jA sakate haiN| inase vyaktitva ke santulita evaM sarvAMgINa vikAsa kI prApti meM ucita sahayoga mila sakatA hai| 3.7.8 zikSA meM abhimAna, sabase bar3I bAdhA Aja vidyA se vinaya kI prApti durlabha ho gaI hai, prAyaH hara zikSita vyakti meM ahaMkAra (Ego) kI mAtrA bar3hatI jA rahI hai| isase hI pati-patnI, pitA-putra, mA~-beTI Adi ke pArivArika sambandhoM kA vighaTana ho rahA hai| zikSA ke samyak prabandhana ke lie yaha eka cunautI hai| ___ jainAcAryoM ne bahuta pahale hI ATha prakAra ke madoM (abhimAna) kI vyAkhyA kI hai - 1) jJAna, 2) tapa, 3) kula, 4) jAti, 5) rUpa, 6) bala, 7) aizvarya evaM 8) laabh| 108 inameM se sabase bar3A mada hai - jJAna kA md| kisI ne kahA hai - saba madoM kA nivAraNa jJAna ke dvArA ho sakatA hai, kintu yadi jJAna kA hI mada ho jAe, to usakA nivAraNa kauna kara sakatA hai? koI nhiiN| 109 vastutaH jo abhimAnI hotA hai, vaha ajJAnI hI hotA hai, use svayaM ko jJAnI mAnane kI bhUla kadApi nahIM karanI caahie| zikSA-prabandhana meM jainAcAryoM ke uparyukta nirdeza kA vizeSa mahattva hai| jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha yogya zikSA to prApta kare, lekina usakA mada na kre| vaha sadaiva dhyAna rakhe ki usakI zikSA 169 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 55 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #236
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kA lakSya cAritrika-nirmANa hai, na ki pUjA, pratiSThA, smmaanaadi| yadi koI Age bhI bar3hatA hai, to usase IrSyA na kare, na hI pratidvaMdvitA rakhe, balki usake prati pramoda-bhAva (ullAsa-bhAva) rkhe| yadi koI usase pichar3a jAtA hai to use tuccha na mAne, usake sAtha durvyavyahAra na kare, balki use apekSita sahayoga dene kA prayatna kre|110 vaha apane Apako sAmAnya arthAt sabake samAna mAne aura madarahita rhe|'' isa prakAra, madarahita zikSA prApta karane vAlA jIvana-prabandhaka zikSA ke kSetra meM lagAtAra pragati karatA jAtA hai| sAtha hI madavaza sabase alaga-thalaga (Reserve) bhI nahIM rahatA huA, sAmAjika cetanA kA ucita viveka vikasita kara letA hai| yaha zikSA ke samyak prabandhana ke lie atyAvazyaka hai| 3.7.9 vinIta evaM avinIta zikSArthI ke lakSaNa zikSArthI ke lie Avazyaka hai ki jJAnadAtA gurujanoM ke prati usakA vyavahAra vinayapUrNa ho| yadi zikSArjana ke samaya hI Avazyaka vinamratA kA abhAva rahegA, to zikSA ke dvArA eka sarvAMgINa vyaktitva kA vikAsa kaise ho sakegA? ataH jIvana-prabandhaka kisI bhI umra, jAti yA pada kA kyoM na ho, usakA karttavya hai ki vaha gurujanoM ke prati mana, vacana evaM kAyA se vinIta vyavahAra kre| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra Adi meM muni (ziSya) ko parilakSita karate hue vinayocita vyavahAra karane kI zikSAe~ dI gaI haiN| inakA prayoga zikSA-prabandhana ke antargata sabhI zikSArthiyoM (gRhastha evaM sAdhu) ko karanA cAhie, kyoMki ina zikSAoM kA sArvabhaumika evaM sArvajanIna mahattva hai| kisI bhI vyakti ke jIvana meM aneka zikSaka ho sakate haiM, jaise - AdhyAtmika zikSAguru, vyAvahArika zikSAguru, mAtA-pitA, kuTumba ke jyeSTha, mitra-parijana aadi| saMkSepa meM ina sabhI ko 'guru' zabda se sambodhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka jIvana-prabandhaka kA apane guru ke prati kaisA vyavahAra ho aura kaisA na ho, isakA nirdhAraNa nimnalikhita uddharaNoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM avinIta ziSya ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai112 - jo guru kI AjJA kA pAlana nahIM karatA hai, guru ke sAnnidhya meM nahIM rahatA hai, guru ke pratikUla AcaraNa karatA hai, ajJAnI hai (atattvajJa hai), vaha avinIta kahalAtA hai| avinIta zikSArthI meM caudaha prakAra ke doSa hote haiM113 - 1) bArambAra krodha karanA 2) asambaddha pralApa karanA 3) krodha ko lambe samaya taka rakhanA 4) droha karanA 5) mitratA ko ThukarAnA 6) abhimAna karanA 7) jJAna kA ahaMkAra karanA 8) rasa-lolupa honA 9) bhUla hone para tiraskAra karanA 10) iMdriyavaza honA 11) mitroM para krodha karanA 12) sAthiyoM kI sahAyatA na karanA 13) priya mitroM kI parokSa meM zikAyata karanA 14) dUsaroM kA apriya karanA jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 170 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #237
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM vinIta ziSya ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai14 - jo guru kI AjJA kA pAlana karatA hai, guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahatA hai, guru ke iMgita evaM AkAra arthAt saMketa evaM manobhAvoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha vinIta hotA hai| vinIta zikSArthI (ziSya) ke nimnalikhita guNa hote haiM115 - 1) namra honA 9) bhUla hone para tiraskAra nahIM karanA 2) acapala honA 10) mitroM para krodha na karanA 3) chala-kapaTarahita honA 11) vAkkalaha aura hiMsAdi nahIM karanA 4) akautuhalI honA 12) kulIna honA 5) nindA na karanA 13) lajjAzIla honA 6) krodha ko dIrghakAla taka na rakhanA 14) iMdriya-viSayoM ke prati anAsakta honA 7) mitroM ke prati kRtajJa honA 15) apriya mitra ke lie bhI kalyANa-kAmanA 8) jJAna kA ahaMkAra na karanA karanA zrImadrAjacaMdra ne AtmArthI ziSya kI sadguru ke prati vinamratA evaM kRtajJatA kA mArmika citraNa karate hue kahA hai116 _ aho! aho! zrI sadguru, karuNA siMdhu apAra / A pAmara para prabhu karyo, aho aho upakAra / / zuM prabhu caraNa kane dharuM, AtmAthI sau hiin| te to prabhue Apiyo, vartu crnnaadhiin|| A dehAdi AjathI, varto prabhu aadhiin| dAsa, dAsa huM dAsa chu, teha prabhuno diin|| isa prakAra, zikSA-prabandhana ke antargata vinaya kA artha vyApaka hai, kevala tana ko jhukAnA hI vinaya nahIM hai, yaha kArya to nRtyAMganA evaM naukara bhI kara lete haiN|17 samavAyAMgasUtra meM guru ke prati ziSya kI bhUloM kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai, inheM guru sambandhI taiMtIsa AzAtanA bhI kahA jAtA hai| 18jIvana-prabandhaka ko ina doSoM se bacate hue nimnalikhita niyamoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie - 1) gurujanoM ke ThIka Age calanA, baiThanA yA khar3A nahIM honaa| 2) gurujanoM ke donoM tarapha barAbarI se calanA, baiThanA yA khar3A nahIM honaa| 3) gurujanoM ke ThIka pIche akar3akara calanA, baiThanA yA khar3A nahIM honaa| 4) sAtha meM rahate hue bhI guru se pUrva kriyA nahIM krnaa| 5) guru ke bulAne para bhI anasunA nahIM karanA yA 'kyA kaha rahe ho?' ityAdi abhadra zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM krnaa| 171 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 57 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #238
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6) kucha pUche jAne para na to baiThe-baiThe sunanA aura na hI baiThe-baiThe javAba denaa| 7) guru ke prati 'tU' zabda kA prayoga nahIM krnaa| 8) AjJA ko asvIkAra karake ulTA nahIM kahanA ki 'Apa hI kara lo'| 9) hitopadeza dene para dhyAna se sunanA, na ki ttoknaa| 10) guru ke Asana se U~ce yA samAna Asana para baiThanA, khar3A honA yA sonA nahIM ityaadi| vartamAna yuga meM bhAvAtmaka vikAsa kA tejI se hrAsa hone se vinaya, viveka, dhairya, sahiSNutA Adi sadguNa lupta hote jA rahe haiN| jainAcAryoM ne ise zikSA kI sArthakatA ke lie sabase bar3I bAdhA mAnA hai| ataH zikSA-prabandhana ke lie zikSArthI ko ina bhUloM se bacanA cAhie aura vinaya, vaiyAvRtya (sevA) evaM sahiSNutA ke bala para samyak zikSA kA upArjana karanA caahie| yahI jIvana-vikAsa kA AdhAra hai| kahA bhI gayA hai 'dhammassa viNao mUlaM' arthAt dharma kA mUla vinaya hai|19 3.7.10 zikSA prabandhana kI kAryavidhi sarvaprathama vyakti ko apane jIvana-vyavahAroM ke AdhAra para apanI zikSA kA samyak mUlyAMkana karanA cAhie, na ki DigrI Adi ke AdhAra pr| mUlyAMkana ke antargata use vicAra karanA cAhie ki usakI zikSA sampUrNa hai yA apUrNa? athavA suvyavasthita hai yA avyavasthita? isa prazna kA samyak nirNaya karane ke lie use apane jIvana-vikAsa ke chaha AyAmoM kI suvyavasthita samIkSA karanI caahie| sAtha hI yaha bhI dekhanA cAhie ki kauna-kauna se AyAma upekSita haiM tathA kina-kina AyAmoM meM atireka hai? jo AyAma upekSita haiM, unameM mUlataH vyAvahArika zikSA kI kamI kAraNabhUta hai yA AdhyAtmika zikSA kI? aura ina kamiyoM meM bhI grahaNAtmaka zikSA (saiddhAntika zikSA) kI kamI kAraNabhUta hai yA AsevanAtmaka zikSA (prAyogika zikSA) kI? isa prakAra jIvana-prabandhaka ko apane vyaktitva kA samucita nirIkSaNa, parIkSaNa evaM samIkSaNa karanA caahie| yaha sambhava hai ki svayaM apanA samyak mUlyAMkana na ho pAe, ataH anyoM se ucita sujhAva bhI lenA yogya hai| jaina-paramparA meM isIlie guru ke samakSa jAkara unase hitazikSAe~ lene kI paddhati hai| jaina zrAvaka guru ke samakSa hI apane doSoM kI gardA (AtmanindA) bhI karatA hai tathA apane vyavahAra ko sudhArane hetu saMkalpita (pratyAkhyAna se yukta) bhI hotA hai| . sarvAMga se samIkSA karane ke pazcAt yadi vyAvahArika zikSA meM kamI mahasUsa ho, to jIvana-prabandhaka ko vyAvahArika zikSAsaMsthAnoM meM jAkara isa kamI ko dUra karanA caahie| kAraNa, Aja pUrvavat gurukuloM kI vyavasthA nahIM rahI, yadi hai bhI, to atyalpa hai| yaha dhyAna avazya rakhanA cAhie ki vyAvahArika zikSA kI prApti ke sAtha-sAtha kusaMskAroM kI prApti na ho jaae| isa hetu mukhya javAbadArI svayaM zikSArthI evaM usake abhibhAvakoM kI honI caahie| ___ yadi mUlyAMkana ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika zikSA meM kamI mahasUsa ho, to jIvana-prabandhaka ko AdhyAtmika zikSA sAdhanoM kA upayoga kara isa kamI ko dUra karanA caahie| yaha sambhava hai ki vartamAna jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 58 172 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #239
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kI sAmAjika evaM bhautika saMskRti ke prabhAva se apane bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika kamiyoM kA sahI AbhAsa na ho sake, ataH vyakti ko vizeSa rUpa se apane jIvana-vyavahAra ke naitika pakSoM kA paryAlocana karanA caahie| use vizleSaNa karanA cAhie ki vaha paristhiti ke prApta hone para vicalita hotA hai athavA zAnta rahatA hai, sahanazIla rahatA hai athavA asahanazIla ho jAtA hai ityaadi| ____ Adhunika manovijJAna meM vyakti ke bhAva, vyaktitva evaM pariNAma kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| jIvana-prabandhaka apane vyaktitva-vizleSaNa ke lie isa tAlikA kA upayoga kara sakatA hai|120 * vyaktitva (AcAra/vyavahAra) pariNAma (a) vidheyAtmaka (Positive) / vizvAsa AzAvAdI samAdara bhAva utsAhA abhaya HERS SHARA sahiSNutA tanAvamukta Antarika zAnti zraddhA sahRdaya svasthatA anaka MIBIEDIGREE vIratApUrNa sAmaMjasya vikAsa while (ba) niSedhAtmaka (Negative) ghRNA durbala kuNThA sandeha uddaNDa lAcArI mAyA cir3acir3A duHkha SABANANCE 166 chidrAnveSaNa AlasI rugNatA ANITARIAgenener DAvAsIla Agraha dhokhebAja thakAvaTa ukta tAlikA ke AdhAra para yadi bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika kamiyA~ jJAta hotI haiM, to ise cintanIya viSaya mAnanA caahie| kAraNa, jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, vyakti ke saMvega (bhAva) do prakAra ke hote haiM - agRhIta (jo pUrvajanmoM se Ate haiM) tathA gRhIta (jo isI janma meM upArjita kie jAte haiN)| ye 173 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 59 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #240
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMvega aksara atigAr3ha hote haiM aura pratikSaNa bar3hate cale jAte haiN| yadyapi ye atisUkSma hote haiM, phira bhI vyakti ke vyaktitva ko asta-vyasta kara dete haiN| inase na kevala AdhyAtmika unnati bAdhita hotI hai, apitu zArIrika, vAcika, bauddhika evaM mAnasika pakSoM kI bhI avanati hotI hai| Adhunika cikitsA vijJAna ke anusAra, inakA duSprabhAva zArIrika snAyutantra evaM mastiSka para bhI par3atA hai| 121 adhikAMza zArIrika vyAdhiyoM (lagabhaga 75%) kA mUlakAraNa bhI ye saMvega hI hote haiN|122 ataH vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha isa vikarAla samasyA ke samyak samAdhAna ke lie jAgarUka rhe| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, pratyeka mAnava kA eka sakArAtmaka pakSa hai aura vaha hai sudhAra kI yogytaa| yadi jIvana-prabandhaka kA samyak purUSArtha jAgrata ho jAe, to vaha apane niSedhAtmaka saMvegoM ko saMkSipta evaM samApta kara sakatA hai, vaha sadA-sadA ke lie inase pUrNa mukta bhI ho sakatA hai| ataeva jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ruci utpanna kara isa dizA meM ucita purUSArtha kre| zrImadrAjacaMdra ne bhI isIlie kahA hai123 - ___ kAla doSa kalithI thayo, nahIM maryAdA dharma / toya nahIM vyAkulatA, juo prabhu muja karma / / Age bar3hane ke mArga meM vaha yogya sadguru kI talAza kare, jinake lakSaNoM ke bAre meM jainAcAryoM ne aneka nirdeza die haiM ,124 sAtha hI vaha unakI dezanA evaM AjJA kA mana-vacana-kAyA se pAlana kare,125 unake upadezoM kA zravaNa kare tathA unake dvArA nirdiSTa satzAstroM kA adhyayana kre| isa hetu vaha vAcanAdi zikSA ke pA~coM aMgoM kA upayoga kre| sAtha hI zabdArthAdi pA~coM prakAra se sadguru ke Azaya ko bhalIbhA~ti smjhe| ina sabake dvArA vaha rAga-dveSa, moha evaM ajJAna ko jItane vAle vItarAgI paramAtmA (sudeva) ko apanA parama Adarza bnaae| isa prakAra sudeva, suguru evaM satzAstra kA Azraya lekara apanI jIvana-dRSTi ko sudhArane ke prayAsa meM rata ho jaae| jaina zikSA-paddhati meM sAhitya ke cAra vibhAga kie gae haiM 126 - 1) dharmakathAnuyoga 2) gaNitAnuyoga 3) dravyAnuyoga 4) crnnkrnnaanuyog| jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha ina cAroM anuyogoM kA anuzIlana kre| vaha krodhAdi bhAvoM kI adhikatA hone para dharmakathAnuyoga, mana ke jar3a hone para gaNitAnuyoga, jIvana-siddhAntoM ke prati zaMkA hone para dravyAnuyoga tathA pramAdagrasta hone para caraNakaraNAnuyoga kA Azraya letA huA Age bar3hatA jaae| punaH-punaH SaD dravya, navatattva , pramANa, naya, nikSepa Adi jaina sAhityika-viSayoM kA anucintana kre| isa AdhAra para sva aura para kA bheda kare, dhyAna kI vividha prakriyAoM kA prayoga kre| isa prakAra, vaha jJAnAcAra kA vizeSa yatna karatA huA siddhAntoM kA samyak nirNaya kre| aMtaraMga meM vaicArika-zuddhi ke sAtha-sAtha bAhya meM AcaraNa-zuddhi kA prayatna bhI karatA rahe evaM zrAvakAcAra meM varNita prAthamika AcAroM (jaise - saptavyasana, bAIsa abhakSya Adi kA tyAga) kA pAlana jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 60 174 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #241
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kare aura apanI pAtratA vikasita kre| isa prakAra, svAdhyAya, kAyotsarga evaM dhyAna ke samanvaya se kaSAyoM kA zamana karatA huA vaha apanI mAnyatA arthAt dRSTikoNa ko samyak kre| isa hetu vaha saMsAra ke vAstavika svarUpa kA anubhUtipUrvaka samyak nirNaya kre| yaha jainaAcAramImAMsA meM nirdiSTa darzanAcAra sambandhI prayatna hai aura bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA AdhAra hai| samyagjJAna evaM samyagdRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para cAritra-zuddhi kA vizeSa prayatna kre| isa prakAra pUrva meM prApta grahaNAtmaka-zikSA ko AdhAra banAkara AsevanAtmaka-zikSA ko mukhyatA de| isameM bhI tapa evaM vIrya kA vizeSa prayoga karake sabhI vikAroM para vijaya prApta karatA jaae| yahI cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM vIryAcAra sambandhI prayatna hai, jinase bhAvAtmaka evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa sudRr3ha hotA calA jAtA hai| __ isa prakAra, jainaAcArazAstra meM kSamA, mRdutA, saralatA, santoSa, sahiSNutA, nirbhayatA Adi guNoM kI prApti ke lie uparyukta zikSA-paddhati nirdiSTa hai| isa para calakara jIvana-prabandhaka bAhya jIvana-vyavahAra ko santulita evaM suvyavasthita karatA huA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI U~cAiyoM para pahu~ca jAtA hai| mArga meM AtI huI sabhI bAdhAoM ko pAra karatA huA vaha vikAsa ke zikhara ko chU letA hai| jainAcAryoM ne zikSA kA antima sAra 'AcaraNa' batAyA hai| isa sthiti taka pahu~cane ke pUrva jIvana-prabandhaka jitanA-jitanA mArga meM Age bar3hatA jAtA hai, utanI-utanI niSedhAtmaka saMvegoM kI mandatA hotI calI jAtI hai aura Ananda tathA samarasatA bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| saMvegoM kA pUrNa abhAva hone para pUrNAnanda kI prApti hotI hai| laukika zikSAe~ evaM laukika AvazyakatAe~ aba niSprayojana ho jAtI hai, yahI zikSA kA Adarza hai| RSibhASita meM duHkhoM se pUrNa mukti evaM sthAyI sukha kI prApti ko zikSA kA mUla prayojana batAyA gayA hai, vaha aba jIvana-prabandhaka ke jIvana meM phalIbhUta ho jAtA hai|127 AtamaguNa nirmala nipajatAM, dhyAnasamAdhi svbhaave| pUrNAnaMda siddhatA sAdhI, devacaMdra pada pAve re|| 128 =====4.>===== 175 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana 61 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #242
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3.8 niSkarSa mAnavIya jIvana ke prabandhana kA sarvottama sAdhana hai - shikssaa| yaha mAnava ke viveka ko jAgrata aura samRddha kara use samasta duHkhoM se mukta karatI hai| zikSA ke abhAva meM viveka nahIM hone se vyakti kI nakArAtmaka-gatyAtmakatA (Negative Dynamicity) para niyantraNa nahIM ho paataa| vastutaH, jIvana ke binA zikSA astitvavihIna hotI hai aura zikSA ke binA jIvana vyktitvvihiin| zikSA kA mahattva bhUtakAla meM thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSyakAla meM bhI rhegaa| prAcInakAla se hI zramaNa (jaina evaM bauddha) tathA vaidika donoM paramparAoM meM zikSA ko atyadhika mahattva diyA gyaa| madhyakAla meM videzI AkramaNoM aura saMskRti-parivartanoM ke prayAsoM ke bAda bhI zikSA kA mahattva banA rhaa| Adhunika yuga meM to zikSA kA mahattva kama hone ke bajAya zIrSa taka pahu~ca gyaa| phira bhI, isa bAta se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki samaya ke pravAha meM AdhyAtmika aura naitika zikSA kA hrAsa huA tathA bhautika aura svArthaparaka zikSA kI vRddhi huii| isase vartamAna yuga meM vyApta asantulita zikSA kA vAtAvaraNa suspaSTa hotA hai| isameM sudhAra karanA hI zikSA-prabandhana kA dhyeya hai| vartamAna yuga meM lokottara zikSA kI upekSA kara laukika-zikSA ko atyadhika mahattva diyA jA rahA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa zikSA-saMsthAnoM kI saMkhyA meM tIvra gati se vRddhi huI hai, pAThyasAmagriyoM kI upalabdhatA AsAna huI hai, strI-zikSA, vikalAMga-zikSA, pichar3e vargoM kI zikSA, adhyApaka-zikSA Adi para jora diyA jA rahA hai, zikSA ke rASTrIya, prAntIya aura jilAstarIya abhikaraNoM (Agencies) kI vRddhi ho rahI hai ityaadi| yaha satya hai ki zikSA kA mahattva nirantara bar3ha rahA hai, phira bhI, yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki vartamAna meM zikSA ke sahI uddezya kA hI abhAva hai aura isIlie Aja zikSA-prabandhana kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM vidyamAna zikSApraNAlI kI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM, jaise - kramabaddha zikSA kI vyavasthA, ekIkRta pAThyakrama kI vyavasthA, zikSA saMsthAna evaM zikSA-paddhati ke cayana kI suvidhA, vividha viSayoM kI zikSA-prApti kI vyavasthA, bahumAdhyama (Multimedia) vAlI zikSA kI vyavasthA ityaadi| Adhunika zikSApraNAlI meM jo sakArAtmaka vizeSatAe~ haiM, unameM se aneka tathya prAcIna aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina zikSApraNAlI meM AMzika yA pUrNa rUpa se dRSTigocara hote haiM tathA zikSA-prabandhana meM inakI prAsaMgikatA se iMkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vartamAna zikSApraNAlI meM vizeSatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha aneka kamiyA~ bhI haiN| zikSApraNAlI kA pratyeka ghaTaka, jaise - zikSArthI, abhibhAvaka, zikSaka, zAsana, samAja, prazAsana aura zikSaNa-paddhati ina kamiyoM ke lie uttaradAyI hai| duSpariNAma yaha hai ki athaka prayAsa karane ke bAda bhI vyakti ke vyaktitva kA samucita vikAsa nahIM ho pA rahA hai aura isIlie prabandhana-prakriyA apanAne kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai, jisase vyakti zikSA rUpI nIMva ko majabUta banA ske| jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para zikSA-prabandhana karane ke lie sarvaprathama yaha mAnanA hogA ki 62 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 176 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #243
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vartamAna zikSApraNAlI galata nahIM, apitu apUrNa hai| isa apUrNatA ko dUra karane ke lie zikSA kA samyak uddezya banAnA Avazyaka hai| jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para dekheM, to vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika zikSA kA ucita sAmaMjasya karate hue sarvAMgINa-zikSA prApta karanA hI zikSA kA samyak uddezya honA caahie| isa para bhI AdhyAtmika-zikSA ko laukika-zikSA kI tulanA meM zreyaskara mAnanA ucita haiM, kyoMki jIvana kA mUla uddezya carama Atma-vizaddhi (mokSa) kI prApti karanA hai| zikSA sArthaka tabhI ho sakatI hai, jaba isameM sarvAMgINatA ho, ataH jIvana-prabandhaka ko jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM kI samucita zikSA prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| ye AyAma haiM - zArIrika-vikAsa, sampreSaNAtmaka-vikAsa, bauddhika vikAsa, mAnasika-vikAsa, bhAvAtmaka-vikAsa evaM aadhyaatmik-vikaas| ina SaDAyAmoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara zikSArjana kiyA jAe, to vyakti ke vyaktitva kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa sambhava hai| ___ zikSA-prabandhana ke siddhAntoM ko jIvana-prayoga meM lAne ke lie katipaya vizeSa binduoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vyakti ko zikSArjana karanA cAhie, jaise - grahaNAtmaka-zikSA (Theory) ke sAtha-sAtha AsevanAtmaka-zikSA (Practical) kA samanvaya karanA, zikSA-prApti kI prakriyA meM vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, parAvartanA evaM dharmakathA - ina pA~coM aMgoM kA samAveza karanA, anuprekSA ke mAdhyama se viSaya kI anubhUti karanA, zikSArjana ke samaya zuzrUSA (jijJAsA), zravaNa, grahaNa, dhAraNA, vijJAna, Uha, apoha evaM tattvAbhiniveza - ina ATha prakAra kI buddhiyoM se kramazaH yukta hokara jJAna prApta karanA, kathana kA samyak tAtparya samajhane ke lie zabdArtha, nayArtha, matArtha , AgamArtha evaM bhAvArtha - ina pA~coM kA upayoga karanA ityaadi| isa prakAra, jIvana meM samyak zikSA dvArA duHkhoM se mukta hokara sthAyI sukha kI prApti sambhava hai aura yahI jainaAcAramImAMsA para AdhArita zikSA-prabandhana kI sArthakatA hai| ==-=-4.>===== 177 adhyAya 3: zikSA-prabandhana 63 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #244
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 20 3.9 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| ma prazna vikalpa- alpa-0 ThIka-OM acchA-(r) bahuta acchA-@ pUrNaG 1) kyA Apa zikSA ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? 2) kyA Apa jIvana meM zikSA ko mahattva dete haiM? 3) kyA Apa Adhunika zikSApraNAlI kI vizeSatAoM ko jAnate haiM? 4) kyA Apa Adhunika zikSApraNAlI kI visaMgatiyoM ko jAnate haiM? 5) kyA Apake vyaktitva kA sarvAgINa vikAsa huA hai? 6) kyA Apane AdhyAtmika-zikSA grahaNa kI hai? 17) kyA Apane zikSA ke vividha AyAmoM kA vikAsa kiyA hai? vikalpa- nahIM- hA~-0 8) kyA Apa AjIvikA ke lie zikSA grahaNa karate haiM? 9) kyA Apa pralobhana ke kAraNa zikSA grahaNa karate haiM? (10) kyA Apa sAmAjika pahacAna ke lie zikSA grahaNa karate hai? 11) kyA Apa ahaMkAra ke poSaNa ke lie zikSA grahaNa karate haiM? 112) kyA Apa catarAI sIkhane ke lie zikSA grahaNa karate haiM? 13) kyA Apa vivAha sambandha meM AsAnI ke lie zikSA grahaNa karate haiM? 114) kyA Apa lokAcAra ke kAraNa zikSA grahaNa karate hara 15) kyA Apa dUsaroM ke dabAva ke kAraNa zikSA grahaNa karate haiM? 16) kyA Apa mauja-mastI ke lie zikSA grahaNa karate 17) kyA Apa Adhunika banane ke zauka se zikSA grahaNa karate haiM? 18) kyA bhaviSya ke bhogaparaka svapnoM ko pUrA karane ke lie zikSA grahaNa ka vikalpa- nahIM-(c) hA~-7 [10) kyA ApakI zikSA asantulita hai? 20) kyA ApakI zikSA asamagra hai? 20 kyA ApakI zikSA asamanvita hai? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcita- kabhI-kabhI-9 aksara- hamezA-7 (22) kyA Apa vAcanA, pRcchanA Adi dvArA zikSA grahaNa karate haiM? 23) kyA ApakI zikSA anubhUti taka pahu~catI hai? 24) kyA Apa abhimAnarahita hokara zikSA grahaNa karate 25) kyA Apa zikSakoM kA vinaya karate haiM? 22 223 23 23 24 -24 24 125 31 2532 1250 56 20-25 26-5051-7570-100101-125 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA . bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpataraalpatama jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 64 178 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #245
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 27 vahI, pR. 23-24 28 vahI, pR. 35-36 1 jaina evaM bauddha zikSAdarzana, DaoN.vijayakumAra, pR. 1 29 vahI, pR. 37 2 mAteva rakSati piteva hite niyukte, 30 vahI, pR. 38 kAnteva cApi ramayatyapanIya khedm| 31 vahI, pR. 39 lakSmI tanoti vitanoti ca dikSukIrti, 32 vahI, pR. 40 kiM kiM na sAdhayati kalpalateva vidyaa|| 33 AdhunikabhAratIya zikSAH samasyAe~ aura samAdhAna, ravIndra subhASitaratnabhaNDAra, vAsudeva zarmA, 31/2/14 agnihotrI, pR. 23-24 (vahI, pR. 1 se uddhRta) 34 bhArata meM zaikSika praNAlI kA vikAsa, e.bI.bhaTanAgara, pR. 68 3 vidyA yazaskarI puMsAM vidyA zreyaskarI mtaa|| 35 .......a class of persons Indian in blood and colour, samyagArAdhitA vidyA devatA kaamdaayinii||| but English in tastes, in opinions in morals & in vidyAH kAmaduhA dhenurvidyA cintaamnninRnnaam| trivarga phalitAM sUte vidyA smpt-prmpraam||| intellect Macaulay. (AdhunikabhAratIya zikSAH samasyAe~ vidyA bandhuzca mitraM ca vidyA kalyANa kArakam / aura samAdhAna, ravIndra agnihotrI, pR. 25 se udhRta) sahayAyi dhanaM vidyA vidyA sarvArtha saadhnii|| 36 vahI, pR. 21-22 37 zikSA kA vikAsa evaM samasyA, pI.nAraMga, pR. 69 - AdipurANa, 16/99-101 38 AdhunikabhAratIya zikSAH samasyAe~ aura samAdhAna, ravIndra 4 vidyA tu vaiduSyamupArjayanti jagati lokdvysaadhnaay|| - prAcIna bhAratIya zikSaNa paddhati, altekara, pR. 4 agnihotrI, pR. 27 (jaina evaM bauddha zikSAdarzana, DaoN.vijayakumAra, pR. 2 se uddhRta) / 39 (ka) vahI, pR. 63 5 imA vijjA mahAvijjA........sA vijjA dukkha moynnii||| (kha) zikSA kA vikAsa evaM samasyAe~, pI.nAraMga, - RSibhASitasUtra, 17/1-2 pR. 69-70 40 AdhunikabhAratIya zikSAH samasyAe~ aura samAdhAna, ravIndra 6 saMskRtahindIkoza, pR. 1015 7 dhAtupATha, maharSipANinI agnihotrI, pR. 62 8 jaina evaM bauddha zikSAdarzana, DaoN.vijayakumAra, pR. 2 41 vahI, pR. 246-247 42 vahI, pR. 260 9 tattvArthasUtra, 5/29 10 vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para 43 vahI, pR. 270 11 jaina evaM bauddha zikSAdarzana, DaoN.vijayakumAra, pR. 1 44 The teacher's place in society is of vital importance. 12 vahI, pR. 7 He acts as the pivot for the transmission of 13 vahI, pR. 60 intellectual traditions and technical skills from 14 vahI, pR. 3 generation and helps to keep the lamp of 15 vahI, pR. 24-26 civilization burning. 16 vahI, pR. 105 -Dr.S.Radhakrishanan (vahI, pR. 184 se udhRta) 17 vahI, pR. 39 45 vahI, pR. 200 18 vahI, pR. 18 46 vahI, pR. 210 19 vahI, pR. 79 47 vahI, adhyAya 10 20 vahI, pR. 80 48 trINichedasUtrANi (dazAzrutaskaMdha), chaThI dazA, pR. 40 21 vahI, pR. 95-96 49 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/437 22 vahI, pR. 120 50 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, 23 vahI, pR. 115 sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 6 24 zikSA kA vikAsa evaM samasyA, pI.nAraMga, pR. 8-9 51 jIvanakalA, zrImadrAjacaMdra, pR. 29 25 vahI, pR. 12-15 52 nizIthabhASya, 5249 26 vahI, pR. 15-17 53 sAgarajaina vidyAbhAratI, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/163 179 adhyAya 3: zikSA prabandhana 65 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #246
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 54 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayanasAra, pR. 124-125 55 jinazAsana ke camake hIre, varajIvanadAsa vADIlAla zAha, 56, pR. 131 56 vahI, 38, pR. 78 57 puSpaparAga, munijayAnaMdavijaya, 1083 58 zrIpAlacaritra, sA. hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 3 59 (ka) samavAyAMgasUtra, 12 / 78 (kha) trINichedasUtrANi (bRhatkalpasUtra ) 4 / 26-28 60 jinazAsana ke camake hIre, varajIvanadAsa vADIlAla zAha, 6, pR. 9 61 jIvanavijJAnaH zikSA kA nayA AyAma, A. mahAprajJa pR. 3-4 62 AdhunikabhAratIya zikSAH samasyAe~ aura samAdhAna, ravIndra agnihotrI, pR. 134 63 jaina evaM bauddha zikSAdarzana, DaoN. vijayakumAra, pU. 219 64 jIvanavijJAnaH svastha samAja racanA kA saMkalpa, bhUmikA, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa. pU. 65 jIvanavijJAnaH mUlyaparaka zikSA kA eka abhinava prayoga, gaNAdhipati tulasI, pR. 6 68 jIvanavijJAna aura mUlyaparaka zikSA (ema.e. pustaka), pR. 49 67 uttarAdhyayanasUtra dArzanika anuzIlana, sA. DaoN. vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 463 68 RSibhASita, 17/1-2 69 jIvanavijJAnaH svastha samAja racanA kA saMkalpa, bhUmikA, yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 6 70 jaina evaM bauddha zikSAdarzana, DaoN. vijayakumAra, pU.00 71 rAyapasenIyasutta, ghAsIlAlajI ma. sUtra 958. pR. 338-341 (DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 196 se uddhRta) 72 vahI, sUtra 956 (vahI, pR. 196 se uddhRta) 73 samavAyAMgasUtra, 72 / 350 74 jambUdvIpaprajJaptiTIkA, 2, pR. 136 (jaina evaM bauddha zikSAdarzana, DaoN. vijayakumAra, pR. 76 se uddhRta) 75 bhAratIyasaMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pR. 284 76 kalpasUtra, AnandasAgarasUrijI pA~cavIM bA~canA, pR. 208-209 77 zrIpAlacaritra, sA. hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 3 78 jIvanavijJAna zikSA kA nayA AyAma, : A. mahAprajJa, pR. 4 79 kalpasUtra, AnandasAgarasUrijI AThavI dA~canA, pU. 457 66 80 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29 / 25 81 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 9/4/7 82 jainabhAratI (patrikA), sitambara, 2001, pR. 31 83 tattvArthasUtra. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, 10/3 84 vyaktitva kA manovijJAna aruNasiMha, pR. 191 85 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 3/1-7 86 jIvanavijJAnaH svastha samAja racanA kA saMkalpa, A. mahAprajJa, pR. 26 87 sthAnAMgasUtra 10/83 88 tattvArthasUtra 9/25 89 bhAratIyamanovijJAna, lakSmI zuklA, pR. 108 90 jIvanavijJAna kI rUparekhA, A. mahAmanA, pU. 433 pR. 895 91 uccatara sAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, 82 dazavaikAlikasUtra. 8 / 38 93 uttarAdhyayanasUtra dArzanika anuzIlana, sA.DaoN. vinItaprajJAzrI. pU. 484 94 prazamarati, 72 95 jIvanavijJAna zikSA kA nayA AyAma, A. mahAprajJa, pR. 4 96 tattvArthasUtra, 1/3 97 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 13-14, pR. 542 98 jIvanavijJAna kI rUparekhA, A. mahAprajJa, pR. 437 99 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 11/3 100 jIvanavijJAna kI rUparekhA, A. mahAprajJa, pR. 420 101 tattvArthasUtra, 9/25 102 dharmabindu, 1/58 103 jainabhASAdarzana, pR. 80-82 104 vyavahArabhASya, 1828 105 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 1/33 106 AtmA jJAnaM svayaM jJAnaM jJAnAdanyatkaroti kim samayasAra, AtmakhyAti, 62 107 AdipurANa, 2, 38 / 102-104, pR. 248 108 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 31/10 109 pa.pU. gurudevazrI mahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. se carcA ke AdhAra para 110 tattvArthasUtra 7/6 111 sthAnAMgasUtra, 1/2 112 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/3 113 vahI, 11/6-9 114 vahI, 1/2 115 vahI, 11 / 10-13 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 180
Page #247
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 116 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 124-126, pR. ___563-564 117 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 476 118 samavAyAMgasUtra, 33/215 119 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 9/2/2 120 jIvanavijJAna kI rUparekhA, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 434 121 vahI, pR. 434 122 Adhunika asAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, a. 7, pR. 243 123 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 264, sadgurubhaktirahasya 9, pR. 298 124 yogazAstra, 2/8 125 Avazyakaniyukti, 22 126 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 25, pR. 167 127 RSibhASita, 17/1-2 128 zrImaddevacaMdra, viharamAna bIsI, 1/9 181 adhyAya 3 : zikSA-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #248
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #249
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 4 samaya prabandhana TIME MANAGEMENT Jain Education memor RORS vwwwjainmenorary.org
Page #250
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #251
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 4 samaya-prabandhana (Time Management) Page No. Chap. Cont. 183 188 189 190 191 4.1 jainadarzana meM samaya kA svarUpa evaM samaya kI maulika vizeSatAe~ 4.2 samaya kI sArvakAlika mahattA 4.3 vartamAna yuga meM samaya kA mahattva 4.4 samaya kA aprabandhana aura usake duSpariNAma 4.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samaya-prabandhana 4.5.1 samaya-prabandhana kA saiddhAntika-pakSa (1) samaya-prabandhana, Akhira kyoM? (2) samaya-prabandhana kI avadhAraNA (3) samaya-prabandhana kyA hai? 4.6 jainadRSTi para AdhArita samaya-prabandhana kA prAyogika-pakSa 4.6.1 sahI uddezya-nirmANa karanA (Making an objective) 4.6.2 sahI lakSyoM evaM nItiyoM kA nirmANa karanA (Right Goals & Policies) 4.6.3 sahI kArya-sUcI banAnA (Right To-do List) 4.6.4 sahI samaya-sAraNI banAnA (Right Time Table) 4.6.5 ucita vyakti ko ucita kArya sauMpanA (Right Delegation of Work) 4.6.6 kArya kA sahI kriyAnvayana karanA (Right Implementation of Work) 4.6.7 samaya kI barbAdI se bacanA (Avoid Time Wastage) 4.6.8 samyak niyantraNa yA saMyama kI vRtti honA (Right control) 4.7 niSkarSa 4.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 201 205 208 211 218 220 222 223 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #252
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #253
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 4 samaya-prabandhana (Time Management) 4.1 jainadarzana meM samaya kA svarUpa evaM samaya kI maulika vizeSatAe~ 4.1.1 samaya prabandhana : sAmAnya paricaya jIvana kI eka anivArya AvazyakatA hai - samaya kA sahI prabandhana karanA, kyoMki kArya kI niSpatti aura saphalatA kI prApti samaya-sApekSa hotI hai| jo vyakti apane samaya kA prabandhana karane meM kuzala hote haiM, ve bhale hI sAmAnya paristhitiyoM aura sAdhAraNa kSamatAoM vAle hoM, phira bhI jIvana ke hara kSetra meM saphala hote haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra, AiMsTIna, mahAtmA gA~dhI Adi kI apramattatA (samaya ke prati sajagatA), isake pramANa haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke dasaveM adhyAya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra apane pradhAna ziSya gautama ko bAra-bAra kahate haiM - samayaM goyama! mA pamAyae arthAt he gautama! samaya mAtra kA pramAda mata kro| vyakti kI pragati meM samaya-prabandhana kA bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anusAra, pratyeka kArya kI saphalatA cAra kArakoM ke samuccaya para nirbhara karatI hai| ye haiM - dravya , kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva / anya sabhI kAraka mila jAe~, kintu kAla arthAt samaya kA samyak prabandhana na ho, to ucita samaya para vAMchita pariNAma kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| jainadarzana ke 'paMcakAraka samavAya' siddhAnta ke anusAra, pratyeka ghaTanA ke pIche 'kAla' kA bhI mahattvapUrNa avadAna hotA hai| Aja kA yuga nyUnatama samaya meM adhikatama kArya karane meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlA yuga hai, jisameM pratyeka vyakti abhUtapUrva saphalatA pAnA cAhatA hai, phira bhI vartamAna yuga meM vyakti kI samaya sApekSa kaI samasyAe~ haiM, jaise - mere pAsa samaya (TAima) nahIM hai| maiM atyadhika vyasta huuN| * maiM subaha se lagA hU~, lekina kAma pUrA nahIM ho skaa| maiM oNphisa kA kAma ghara para pUrA karatA huuN| 183 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #254
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mujhe to zvAsa lene kI bhI phurasata nahIM hai| samaya kI kamI se merA to khAnA-pInA hI chUTa gayA hai| jaldI-jaldI meM mi. jaina sIr3hiyoM se phisala gae aura paira kI haDDI TUTa gii| gAr3I kA bhISaNa eksIDeMTa huA, cAlaka sau ki.mI. prati ghaNTe se bhI teja DrAiva kara rahA thaa| maiMne rAta-rAta bhara jAgakara parIkSA kI taiyArI kii| mere pAsa kucha kAma hI nahIM hai, maiM samaya kaise bitAU~? dharma-sAdhanA karate hue merA samaya kATanA muzkila ho jAtA hai| Aja subaha se koI paricita nahIM AyA, isalie dina bahuta lambA laga rahA hai, ityaadi| aise anekAneka kathana yaha pradarzita karate haiM ki hara vyakti kI do prakAra kI zikAyateM haiM, kabhI to vaha samaya kI kamI mahasUsa karatA hai aura kabhI yena-kena-prakAreNa bar3I kaThinAI se samaya gujAratA hai| parantu ye kathana isa tathya ko siddha karane meM sakSama haiM ki hama samaya kA samyak prabandhana nahIM kara pA rahe haiN| isa prakAra kI jIvanazailI se kaI bAra hama Avazyaka kAryoM ko nahIM kara pAte aura jIvana-vikAsa ke svarNima avasara hAtha se chUTa jAte haiN| adhikAMzataH yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki vyakti kI jIvanalIlA samApta ho jAtI hai aura usake sapane adhUre hI raha jAte haiN| kula milAkara, jIvana nirarthaka ho jAtA hai, kyoMki jIvanabhara tanAva aura azAnti meM jIne ke bAda bhI koI sArthaka upalabdhi prApta nahIM hotii| 4.1.2 jainadarzana meM samaya kA svarUpa bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki manuSya-jIvana bahuta hI alpa hai aura antasahita hai| jisa prakAra vRkSa ke patte samaya Ane para pIle par3akara jhar3a jAte haiM, usI prakAra manuSya kA jIvana bhI Ayu ke pUrNa hone para samApta ho jAtA hai| ataH, isa sasIma jIvana ko saphala banAne ke lie vyakti ko sabhI jarurI kArya samaya rahate kara lene caahie| use jIvana ke pratyeka kSaNa ko kImatI jAnakara samaya naSTa karane vAle kArakoM se dUra rahanA aura samaya bacAne vAle kArakoM kA prayoga karanA caahie| 'samaya' zabda 'sam' upasargapUrvaka 'ay gatau' dhAtu se 'ac' pratyaya jur3ane se banA hai| isakA zAbdika artha hai - 'sabhI ora se gamana karane vaalaa'| jainadarzana meM 'samaya' zabda nimna arthoM meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| akhila vizva , jisameM 'loka' aura 'aloka' donoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai|' AtmA arthAt cetn-drvy| sUkSmatama kAlakhaNDa, jisakA punarvibhAjana na kiyA jA ske| isakI sUkSmatA kA parimANa yaha hai ki eka bAra palaka jhapakane meM asaMkhyAta 'samaya' bIta jAte haiN|' * jIvAdi SaDdravyoM meM se eka dravya, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'nizcaya-kAla' hai, jo kAla-aNu ke jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 184 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #255
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rUpa meM AkAza-pradeza para avasthita hai| 10 siddhAnta arthAt dArzanika mata / vyavahAra-kAla, jisakA prayoga dina, saptAha, mAha, Rtu, varSa ke rUpa meM rojamarrA ke jIvana meM kiyA jAtA hai|" prastuta adhyAya meM isa antima artha meM hI 'samaya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jA rahA hai| isakA loka-vyavahAra meM atyadhika mahattva hai, jaise merA mandira jAne kA samaya 6 baje hai, Apa kitane samaya se rAkeza kI pratIkSA kara rahe haiM, vaha kisa samaya ghara pahu~cegA, merA to do varSa kA samaya bekAra calA gayA ityAdi / 4.1.3 jainadarzana meM samaya kI maulika vizeSatAe~ jIvana meM hara vyakti ko anaginata cIjeM upalabdha hotI haiM, jaise miTTI, havA, prakAza, pAnI, vanaspati aadi| isI prakAra use 'samaya' bhI upalabdha hai, jo sabase viziSTa tattva hai| isakI vilakSaNatA ke kaI kAraNa haiN| sAmAnyatayA prakRti kI samasta vastuoM ko pratyakSa athavA parokSarUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai, lekina 'samaya' eka aisA vizeSa tattva hai, jise dekhA nahIM jA sktaa| hA~, hama cAheM to dina, saptAha, mahInA, Rtu, ayana, varSa, yuga, zatAbdI Adi ke rUpa meM isakA anubhava kara sakate haiN| 12 jainAcAryoM ne isakI parigaNanA isa prakAra kI hai 13 185 AvalikA kSullaka bhava zvAsocchvAsa lava ahorAtra mAsa -- ayana yuga zatAbdI sUkSmatama mApyakAla asaMkhya samaya 256 AvalikA 171/2 kSullaka bhava 7] stoka 30 muhUrta - 2 pakSa (kRSNa va zukla) 3 Rtu 5 varSa adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 3
Page #256
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4 rokanA palyopama sAgaropama anya sAmagriyA~, jaise- paisA, parivAra, pada, pratiSThA, prasiddhi Adi mile aura na bhI mile, lekina 'samaya' sabako milatA hai| speniza dArzanika bAlTesara greziyana Baltasar Gracian (1601 - 1658) ne isakI puSTi isa prakAra kI hai - Nothing really belongs to us but time, which even he has, who has nothing else arthAt hamArA kucha bhI nahIM hai, kintu samaya hai, jo usake pAsa bhI hai, jisake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM hai| 14 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karma siddhAnta ke mAdhyama se hajAroM varSa pUrva hI isa tathya ko pratipAdita kara diyA thA ki pratyeka prANI ko pUrva jIvana meM bA~dhe hue (saMcita) Ayu- karma ke anusAra niyata samayAvadhi ke lie jIvana milatA hai| cAhe prANI ko anya karmoM ke AdhAra para jIvana meM bAhya sAmagriyA~ na mileM athavA pratikUla mileM, parantu Ayu karma ke nimitta se 'samaya' to milatA hI hai| samaya kisI kA pakSapAtI nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha na dayAlu hai aura na nirdayI / " jaba hamAre sAtha koI anacAhI ghaTanA hotI hai, taba hama doSAropaNa samaya para karate haiM, lekina bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anusAra, vAstava meM isake lie hama svayaM jimmedAra hote haiM / atIta meM hamAre dvArA jaisA karma kiyA jAtA hai, bhaviSya meM vaha usI rUpa meM upasthita hotA hai| " zubha karmoM kA phala zubha aura azubha karmoM kA phala azubha milatA hai, ataH hameM mAnanA cAhie ki samaya pratikUla nahIM hotA, balki hama hI kahIM na kahIM samaya ke pratikUla ho jAte haiM / samaya nadI ke samAna avirala gati se bahatA rahatA hai, 17 jise koI indra, narendra yA jinendra bhI roka nahIM skte| AcArAMga meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki Ayu va yauvana pratikSaNa bItA jA rahA hai| 18 bhale hI havA ko sileNDara meM, UrjA ko baiTarI meM aura pAnI ko jalAzayoM meM saMgraha karake rakhA jA sakatA hai, lekina samaya ke sAtha aisA vyavahAra tanika bhI sambhava nahIM hai| samaya ke avicchinna pravAha ko na to koI roka sakatA hai aura na saMcita kara sakatA hai| kisI hindI kavi kA kahanA hai 19 asaMkhyAta kAla 10 koTAkoTI palyopama 20 koTAkoTI sAgaropama kAlacakra pudgala parAvartana anantakAla - " hai samaya nadI kI dhAra jisameM, saba baha jAyA karate haiM, hai samaya prabala parvata jisake Age saba jhuka jAyA karate haiN| aksara loga samaya ke cakkara meM cakkara khAyA karate haiM, lekina kucha hI aise hote haiM, jo itihAsa banAyA karate haiM / / dUra, samaya kI gati ko lezamAtra bhI kama-jyAdA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha to jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 186
Page #257
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ madamasta hAthI ke samAna eka hI gati se Age bar3hatA jAtA hai, na kabhI teja aura na kabhI dhiire| 20 aMgrejI meM kahAvata hai - -- Time & tide wait for none. bhagavAn mahAvIra samaya ke mahattva ko samajhAte hue kahate haiM ki jaise bItI rAteM lauTakara nahIM AtI, vaise hI manuSya kA gujarA huA jIvana phira hAtha nahIM AtA / 21 Aja taka koI bhI samaya ko vazIbhUta nahIM kara sakA, kyoMki samaya kisI kA dAsa nahIM hai, phira bhI itanA sunizcita hai ki vyakti apane samyak purUSArtha se samaya ko apane anukUla banA sakatA hai arthAt samaya ke samyak upayoga ke pariNAmasvarUpa samaya svayameva hamAre anukUla bana jAtA hai|22 AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra, jisa taraha agni purAne sUkhe kASTha ko zIghra hI bhasma kara DAlatI hai, usI taraha Atma-samAhita niHspRha sAdhaka karmoM ko kucha hI kSaNoM meM kSaya kara detA hai / vAstava meM aisA sAdhaka karmoM kI pratikUla paristhiti meM bhI svayaM kI samatA ko bar3hAkara zuddha, buddha aura mukta ho jAtA hai aura isa prakAra samaya usake anukUla bana jAtA hai, jaise gajasukumAla muni| 23 jainadarzana ke anusAra, AtmA aura samaya kA avinAbhAvI ( paraspara sAtha-sAtha rahane vAlA ) sambandha hai, jo janma ke pUrva bhI thA aura mRtyu pazcAt bhI rhegaa| isa AdhAra para samaya ke tIna bheda haiM 1) atIta kAla 2 ) varttamAna kAla 3 ) bhaviSya kAla / isameM se varttamAna kAla eka samayamAtra hai, atIta kA anantakAla bIta cukA hai aura bhaviSya kA anantakAla abhI anAgata hai / bhUta aura bhaviSya hamAre hAtha meM nahIM haiM, phira bhI varttamAna meM jIkara hama apane 'bhUta' aura 'bhaviSya' ke nirmAtA hote haiM / vyakti ke hAtha meM kSaNajIvI 'varttamAna' hI hotA haiM, kintu usI ke AdhAra para kabhI usakA 'bhUta' banA thA aura kabhI 'bhaviSya' banegA, ataH bhAratIya cintana aura vizeSarUpa se jainadarzana kA mAnanA yahI hai ki jo varttamAna kSaNa (samaya) hamAre hAtha meM hai, hama usakA samyak prabandhana kareM / varttamAna kSaNa kA samyak upayoga karanA hI samaya-prabandhana hai / jIvana kA pratyeka parivartana samayaM - sApekSa hotA hai / tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra, kisI bhI avasthA kA udbhava, parivarttana, nae-purAne rUpa vyavahAra jyeSTha-kaniSTharUpa vyavahAra Adi sabhI samaya ke AdhAra para hI hote haiN| 24 garbha, janma, bAla, yuvA, praur3ha, adher3a, vRddha, mRtyu Adi sabhI jIvana avasthAoM ke keMdra meM samaya hI mukhya tattva hai / 187 isa prakAra, jIvana aura samaya kI abhinnatA ke AdhAra para yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki samaya hI jIvana hai | 25. ===: adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 5
Page #258
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4.2 samaya kI sArvakAlika mahattA loka-va samaya kI mahimA ko sadA hI svIkArA gayA hai| jahA~ eka ora samaya kA ullekha kie binA ka - vyavahAra sambhava nahIM ho sakatA, vahIM dUsarI ora samaya kA samyak mUlyAMkana kie binA jIvana - lakSyoM kI samayocita prApti bhI sambhava nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai 'he Atmavid sAdhaka! jo bIta gayA so bIta gayA, zeSa rahe jIvana ko hI lakSya meM rakhate hue prApta avasara ko parakha arthAt samaya kA mUlya samajha / " uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM gautamasvAmI ko sambodhita karate hue aura upalakSaNa se jIvamAtra ko jAgrata hone kA sandeza dete hue bArambAra upadeza diyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai. 'jaise hilatI huI kuza - ghAsa kI noMka para osa kI bU~da bahuta thor3e samaya ke lie Tika pAtI hai, vaise hI mAnava kA jIvana bhI kSaNabhaMgura hai, ataH he gautama! kSaNabhara ke lie bhI pramAda na kr| 27 ,26 atItakAla meM kaI mahApurUSa hue, jinheM jIvana meM vikaTa paristhitiyA~ prApta huI aura jIvana bhI alpa milA, lekina unakA vyaktitva aura kRtitva avismaraNIya bana gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra, zrIgautamasvAmI, zrIsudharmAsvAmI, zrIjambUsvAmI, zrIsthUlibhadra, zrIkundakundAcArya, zrIumAsvAti, zrIsiddhasenadivAkara, zrIharibhadrasUri, zrI abhayadevasUri zrIjinadattasUri, maNidhArI zrIjinacaMdrasUri, zrIjinakuzalasUri, akabarapratibodhaka zrIjinacaMdrasUri, zrIAnandaghanajI, zrIyazovijayajI, zrIdevacaMdrajI, zrIrAjacaMdrajI Adi mahApurUSoM ne samaya ke eka-eka kSaNa kA mahattva svIkAra kara jIvana ko samyak lakSya kI ora gatizIla kiyA thA aura samaya-prabandhana ke mAdhyama se hI unhoMne apane jIvana ke lakSya ko prApta kiyA thA / 6 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 188
Page #259
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4.3 vartamAna yuga meM samaya kA mahattva vartamAna yuga vaijJAnika pragati aura audyogika krAnti kA yuga hai| Ajakala hara kSetra kA vyAvasAyikIkaraNa ho rahA hai| pratispardhA kI daur3a meM jItane ke lie samaya ke viSaya meM sirpha vaiyaktika cetanA nahIM, apitu yugIna cetanA kA vikAsa ho rahA hai| phreDarika DablyU. Telara ne prabandhana ke lie Time and motion study' para atyadhika jora dete hue kArya ko nyUnatama samaya meM sampanna karane ke lAbhoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| Aja audyogika jagat meM hI nahIM, balki sarvatra yahI nIti hai ki kisa prakAra kama se kama samaya meM adhika se adhika kArya kiyA jaae| kampyUTara aura anya ilekTraoNnika upakaraNoM kA AviSkAra hone se eka sekaNDa ke sUkSmAtisUkSma hisse kA mahattva bhI prakaTa ho rahA hai| samaya ke hara kSaNa kA mahattva samajhane ke lie je. mesana (J. Mason) ne kahA bhI hai - "As every thread of gold is valuable, so is every moment of time." Azaya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra svarNa kA pratyeka kaNa kImatI hotA hai, usI prakAra samaya kA pratyeka kSaNa bhI kImatI hai|29 jo loga sukha-suvidhAoM meM hI jIvana naSTa kara dete haiM, unheM zeksapIyara (Shakespere, 1564-1616) kI yaha paMkti hamezA hI yAda rakhanI cAhie - "I wasted time & now doth time waste me." (maiMne samaya ko naSTa kiyA aura aba samaya mujhe naSTa kara rahA hai) itanA saba kucha jAna lene para bhI viDambanA yaha hai ki Aja vyakti samaya kA samyak niyojana nahIM kara pA rahA hai| vaha adhika se adhika nAma aura dhana kamAne kI cAhata meM apanI vyastatA bar3hA letA hai aura samaya kI kamI kA bahAnA banAtA rahatA hai| Aja samaya kI kamI ke bahAne vyakti ne sAmAnya ziSTAcAra aura sAmAjika karttavyoM se bhI mu~ha phera liyA hai| samaya kI kamI ke kAraNa usakI mAnavatA ko gaharA AghAta pahu~cA hai aura anaitika AcaraNa ko bar3hAvA milA hai| vyakti ne caMcalatA, adhIratA aura jaldabAjI ko hI "samaya-prabandhana' kA Avazyaka aMga mAnane kA eka bhrama pAla liyA hai, ataH yaha kahanA ucita hogA ki vyakti ne samaya ke mahattva ko to jAna liyA hai, lekina use samaya kA samyak prabandhana sIkhanA, abhI zeSa hai| vicAraka eca.DI. thoro (H.D. Thoreau, 1817-1862) ne vyakti kI buddhimattA kI kasauTI ko ina zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai - "A man is wise with the wisdom of his time only & ignorant with its ignorance' arthAt vaha buddhimAn hai, jise samaya kA jJAna hai, kintu vaha ajJa hai, jo samaya se anabhijJa hai| =====4.>==== 189 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #260
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4.4 samaya kA aprabandhana aura usake duSpariNAma yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki vartamAna yuga meM jahA~ eka ora manuSya ne samaya ko atyadhika pradhAnatA dI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora usake jIvana meM samaya kI avyavasthA kA bhI atireka huA hai| samaya kA samyak niyojana hI manuSya ke santulita, suvyavasthita aura samagra vikAsa kA mahattvapUrNa kAraka hai, jisake abhAva meM manuSya-jIvana meM kaI visaMgatiyA~ utpanna ho rahI haiN| kAryabhAra bar3ha rahA hai, jisase vyakti kama samaya meM hI svayaM ko kamajora aura tanAvagrasta mahasUsa karatA hai| isakA nakArAtmaka prabhAva usake zArIrika aura mAnasika svAsthya para bhI par3atA hai| jIvana meM anAvazyaka aura akaraNIya kAryoM meM samaya naSTa ho jAtA hai aura atyAvazyaka athavA Avazyaka kAryoM ke lie samaya nahIM mila pAtA hai| jIvanazailI asantulita banane se vyakti kisI kSetravizeSa meM atyadhika samaya dekara anya kSetroM ko anadekhA kara detA hai| udA. - yadi koI vyakti Arthika kSetra meM 12 ghaNTe detA hai, to use pArivArika, sAmAjika, dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika kSetroM kI upekSA karanI par3atI hai| isase usakA jIvana asantulita ho jAtA hai| duSpariNAma yaha AtA hai ki vaha eka kSetra meM saphalatA arjita kara bhI letA hai, to bhI anya mahattvapUrNa kSetroM meM viphalatA kA anubhava karatA hai| samaya kI avyavasthA se mana kI caMcalatA, asthiratA, uttejanA, nirAzA, tanAva Adi doSoM meM abhivRddhi hotI hai, jisase vyakti ke vyaktitva kA patana ho jAtA hai| samayaparaka jIvanazailI ke abhAva meM vyakti kabhI pramAdI aura kabhI jaldabAjI karane vAlA ho jAtA hai| samayocita kArya nahIM kara pAne para vyakti ko pachatAvA bhI khUba hotA hai, jisase vaha aksara atIta kI smRtiyoM meM hI khoyA rahatA hai| yuvAvasthA meM bacapana kI aura vRddhAvasthA meM yauvana kI kamiyoM ko soca-socakara duHkhI hotA rahatA hai| use socanA cAhie - 'kA varSA jaba kRSi sukhAne , samaya cUki puni kA pachatAne'12 apekSita saphalatA na milane para dUsaroM ke prati vyavahAra meM asantoSa, roSa, zikAyateM, DA~Ta-phaTakAra, chala-kapaTa, IrSyA Adi burAiyA~ prakaTa hotI haiN| isase paraspara prema aura AtmIyatA ghaTane lagatI hai tathA vaira evaM vaimanasya bar3hane lagate haiN| sAra rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki samaya kI avyavasthA ke pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti ke vyaktitva kA patana hotA hai, jisase samayocita saphalatA nahIM mila pAtI aura jIvana azAntimaya evaM tanAvamaya ho jAtA hai| ataeva bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirdeza rahA hai ki jisa samaya kA jo kArya hai, use usI samaya meM kro| =====< >===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 190 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #261
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samaya-prabandhana jainaAcAramImAMsA meM samaya-prabandhana ke do pakSa haiM - saiddhAntika evaM praayogik| vastutaH, samaya-prabandhana ke lie kevala saiddhAntika-pakSa athavA kevala prAyogika-pakSa hI paryApta nahIM hai, apitu inakA samanvaya hI samaya-prabandhana kI samagratA kA AdhAra hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - kriyAvihIna jJAna athavA jJAnavihIna kriyA donoM vyartha haiM, parantu donoM kA saMyoga ho jAne para phala kI prApti ho jAtI hai| yaha tathya vaisA hI hai, jaise vana meM Aga lagane para paMgu aura andhA kramazaH dekhate hue aura daur3ate hue bhI jala jAte haiM, kintu yadi ye donoM mila jAe~, to pArasparika sahayoga se gantavya taka pahu~ca jAte 4.5.1 samaya-prabandhana kA saiddhAntika pakSa jIvana meM samaya ke samyak prabandhana ke lie jina siddhAntoM kI AvazyakatA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM - (1) samaya-prabandhana, Akhira kyoM? ____ bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM, 'tU mahAsamudra ko taira cukA hai, aba kinAre Akara kyoM baiTha gayA, usa pAra pahu~cane kI zIghratA kr| he gautama! kSaNa bhara ke lie bhI pramAda ucita nahIM hai| 35 kahane kA Azaya yahI hai ki mAnava-jIvana sarvazreSTha aura atidurlabha hai| aise mAnava-jIvana ko pAkara bhI isake sImita samaya kA samyak upayoga kara suvyavasthita jIvanazailI aura Atmika-zAnti prApta nahIM kI, to yaha mahAsamudra ko tairakara kinAre para DUba jAne jaisA hai| ataeva pratyeka vivekazIla mAnava ko cAhie ki vaha aisI takanIka khoje, jisase prApta samaya kA sarvottama sadupayoga ho jAe, yahI samaya-prabandhana hai| (2) samaya-prabandhana kI avadhAraNA samaya-prabandhana do zabdoM se milakara banA hai - 'samaya' aura 'prbndhn'| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki samaya kA suvyavasthita rUpa se upayoga karane kI prakriyA hI 'samaya-prabandhana' hai| prazna uThatA hai ki kyA samaya avyavasthita evaM aprabandhita hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ki dRSTi meM samaya nahIM, apitu vyakti svayaM avyavasthita evaM aprabandhita hotA hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA hai - 'he purUSa! tU hI terA mitra hai, ataH tU svayaM apane Apako vaza meM kr| anyatra bhI kahA hai ki svayaM ke sAtha yuddha karo, dUsaroM ke sAtha yuddha karane se kyA lAbha?" sTIphana kove (Stephen Covey) ne bhI kahA hai ki vastutaH samaya-prabandhana samaya kA prabandhana nahIM haiM, balki svayaM kA prabandhana hai| Azaya spaSTa hai ki sudhAranA samaya ko nahIM, balki svayaM ko hai, ataH jIvana meM samayAnukUla AcaraNa kI prakriyA hI samaya-prabandhana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jisa samaya kA jo kArya hai, use usI samaya meM samyak rUpa se pUrNa karanA samaya-prabandhana hai| 191 adhyAya 4 : samaya-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #262
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ( 3 ) samaya -- prabandhana kyA hai? (ka) ucita samaya para ucita kArya karanA (Right work at the Right time) bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zramaNa - zramaNiyoM ko mAdhyama banAkara eka sArvabhaumika siddhAnta diyA ki ucita samaya para ucita kArya karanA cAhie, ise hI samaya- prabandhana kahate haiM / jIvana meM samaya evaM kArya do samAnAntara rekhAoM ke samAna haiM, jinameM samanvaya honA atyAvazyaka hai| inakI ucitatA evaM anucitatA ke sandarbha meM cAra vikalpa hote haiM, jo nimnAnusAra haiM samaya ucita samaya anucita kArya ucita kArya inameM se prathama tIna vikalpa anucita haiM tathA antima vikalpa ucita evaM AcaraNIya hai, jo nimna udAharaNoM (paurANika evaM vyAvahArika) meM saralatayA parilakSita ho rahA hai anucita samaya para anucita kArya karanA jaise 1) rathanemi 10 x kina yaha kArya ucita thA aura na hI samaya / 2) koI vRddha vyakti patnI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt punarvivAha karatA hai / zramaNAvasthA meM rathanemi ne sAdhvI rAjImatI se viSayabhogoM kI prArthanA kI, kahanA hogA ucita kArya, lekina anucita samaya para karanA 1) bAhubalI - ye AdinAtha prabhu ke darzana ke lie prAtaH mahotsavapUrvaka jAne kA vicAra kara sandhyA meM darzana karane nahIM gae, kintu jaba agale dina subaha pahu~ce, to prabhu ko vahA~ nahIM pAyA, jora-jora se 'bAbA Adama - bAbA Adama' kI pukAra lagAI, parantu taba taka prabhu anyatra vihAra kara cuke the / 11 2 ) samaya ke samyak niyojana ke abhAva liyaa| vastutaH, yahI - ucita samaya para ucita kArya karanA jaise 1) zrIiMdrabhUti gautama -- rAhula Trena chUTane ke 5 mi. bAda relve sTezana pahu~catA hai| ucita samaya para anucita kArya karanA jaise 1) gozAlaka inheM saMsAra - samudra se pAra karane vAle prabhu mahAvIra kA sAnnidhya milA, parantu ahaMkAravaza inhoMne unase hI dUrI banA lii| 12 2) koI vyakti AtmakalyANArtha upadeza zravaNa karane ke lie niyata samaya para to pahu~ca gayA, lekina pramAdavaza nidrA lene lagA / -- - jaise - - - - For Personal & Private Use Only inhoMne prabhu mahAvIra kA upadeza sunate hI usI kSaNa saMyama aMgIkAra kara samaya-prabandhana kA zreSTha rUpa hai| 43 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 192
Page #263
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2) kisI parivAra ke AbAlavRddha sabhI sadasya pratidina jaldI uThakara sAmuhika satsaMga evaM bhakti karate hue dina kA zubhArambha karate haiN| isa siddhAnta ke do pahalU haiM - ___i) ucita samaya para kArya prArambha karanA aura ii) ucita samaya para kArya pUrNa krnaa| yadi hama koI bhI kArya samaya-sImA meM pUrA nahIM karate haiM, to hamAre samakSa do vikalpa (Option) bacate haiM, jinameM se eka hameM cunanA hotA hai - i) pahale vAle kArya ko adhUrA chor3eM aura agale nirdhArita kArya ko prArambha kareM athavA ___ii) nae kArya ko chor3eM aura usase hone vAle lAbha se vaMcita rheN| tAtparya yaha hai ki samayocita kAryazailI ke abhAva meM vyakti ko nukasAna to uThAnA hI par3atA hai| ataH jinheM apanA jIvana saphala banAnA hai, unheM ucita samayAvadhi meM ucita kArya kara lenA cAhie, ise hI samaya-prabandhana kahate haiN| (kha) nyUnatama samaya meM adhikatama lAbha prApta karanA (Maximum Profit in Minimum Time) vaha prakriyA, jisake mAdhyama se nyUnatama samaya meM adhikatama lAbha prApta kiyA jA sake, samaya-prabandhana kahalAtI hai| _ AcArya kundakunda isa bAta kI puSTi karate hue kahate haiM - 'ajJAnI sAdhaka bAlatapa ke dvArA lAkhoM-karor3oM janmoM meM jitane karma khapAtA hai, utane karma mana, vacana, kAyA ko saMyamita rakhane vAlA jJAnI sAdhaka eka zvAsamAtra meM khapA detA hai| 45 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "eka hI jhapATe meM jaise bAja baTera ko mAra DAlatA hai, vaise hI mRtyu bhI Ayu kSINa hone para jIvana ko hara letI hai| aise kSaNabhaMgura jIvana kA eka-eka kSaNa kImatI hai, ataH cintanazIla mAnava yaha prayatna karatA hai ki isa alpakAlIna, lekina amUlya jIvana meM jIvana-yApana ke sAtha-sAtha vyaktitva nirmANa yAni Atma-vikAsa bhI ho ske| isa dohare lAbha kI prApti hetu kama se kama samaya meM adhikatama kArya karanA samaya-prabandhana hai| (ga) vartamAna kSaNa kA sarvottama sadupayoga karanA (Optimum Utilization of Present Moment) vartamAna kSaNa kA sarvottama sadupayoga karanA bhI samaya-prabandhana kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke anusAra, 'jo kSaNa vartamAna meM upasthita hai, vahI mahattvapUrNa hai, ataH use saphala 193 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana 11 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #264
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ banAnA caahie|' 47 anyatra bhI kahA hai - atIta kA zoka aura bhaviSya kI cintA chor3akara kevala vartamAna meM jIne vAle hI vicakSaNa hote haiN|48 Azaya yaha hai ki atIta bIta cukA hai aura bhaviSya anAgata evaM ajJAta hai, sirpha vartamAna hI vyakti ke pAsa hai| vyakti kI saphalatA isI bAta para nirbhara karatI hai ki vaha vartamAna kSaNa kA upayoga kisa prakAra karatA hai| adhikAMza loga atIta kI smRtiyoM aura bhaviSya ke sapanoM meM apane samaya ko bitAte haiN| eka sAmAnya AdamI lagabhaga 25% samaya hI vartamAna meM jItA hai,49 ataH jo vartamAna meM jIne kI kalA meM dakSa hokara vartamAna samaya kA sarvottama sadupayoga kara sake, vahI sahI samaya-prabandhaka bana sakatA hai| hamezA yAda rakhanA cAhie ki bhale hI 'vartamAna' eka samayamAtra hai aura agale hI samaya atIta bana jAtA hai, phira bhI 'varttamAna' meM vaha viziSTa sAmarthya hai, jisake bala para 'atIta' kI kamiyoM ko sudhAra kara sunahare bhaviSya' kI nIMva taiyAra kI jA sakatI hai| ataH prApta samaya kA sarvottama sambhava sadupayoga karanA samaya-prabandhana hai| sAra rUpa meM, samaya-prabandhana ko nimna tAlikA ke mAdhyama se samajhA jA sakatA hai - T Technology to save time and get more things done in less time. I Improve your efficiency-Personal & working. M Manage your life's habits that speed you up. E Eliminate your time-wasters & make every second count. M Meet deadlines and commitments. A Act as if you have only one life to live. N Never believe in procrastination. A Achieve balance between spiritual and practical life. G Go for 'priority' management. E Everything from effective planning. M Morning time is prime time for important work done with speed and accuracy. E Enhance your performance through delegation. N Never overlook the time for self management. T Time table is a must everyday. isa prakAra, samaya-prabandhana eka vijJAna hai, jo jIvana ke bahumUlya kSaNa ke apavyaya ko rokakara usake pratyeka kSaNa kA vidhipUrvaka sadupayoga karAtA hai, jisase mAnava dhyeya kI pUrti ho arthAt Atmika zAnti aura Ananda kI prApti ho| =====< >===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 194 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #265
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4.6 jainadRSTi para AdhArita samaya-prabandhana kA prAyogika-pakSa samaya ke samyak prabandhana ke lie hameM saiddhAntika pakSoM ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM lAnA hogaa| kahA gayA hai - jAna lene mAtra se kArya kI niSpatti arthAt siddhi nahIM ho paatii|2 Azaya yaha hai ki jIvana kI utAra-car3hAva bharI paristhitiyoM meM siddhAntoM kA ucita prayoga kara hama samaya-prabandhana kI saphalatA prApta kara sakate haiN| isa hetu hameM nimna kArya karane hoMge - 4.6.1 sahI uddezya-nirmANa karanA (Making an objective) sarvaprathama yaha cetanA jAgrata karanI hogI ki hameM samaya-prabandhana kA uddezya nirdhArita kara usakI prApti karanI hI hai| jaise - vyavasAya-prabandhana, kAryAlaya-prabandhana, dharma-prabandhana Adi kI saphalatA ke lie uddezya banAkara usakI prApti kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, vaise hI samaya-prabandhana kI saphalatA ke lie bhI samyak uddezya banAkara usake prati pUrNa samarpita evaM pratibaddha honA Avazyaka hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bArambAra kahA hai - 'samayaM goyama! mA pamAyae' arthAt he gautama! samaya mAtra kA bhI pramAda mata kr| vastutaH yaha uddezya ke prati pUrNa saMkalpita hone kI hI prakriyA hai| isI lakSya ko cetanA ke stara para bArambAra doharAne kI prakriyA ko 'parAvarttanA' aura bArambAra vizeSa-vizeSa cintana karane kI prakriyA ko 'anuprekSA' kahate haiN| Adhunika prabandhana takanIka meM bhI uddezya-nirdhAraNa ko prabandhana kA mUla AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| pITara Drakara ne uddezya para AdhArita prabandhana ko Management By Objective (M.B.O.) kahA hai| yaha prazna uThatA hai ki samaya-prabandhana kA uddezya kyA ho? yadi jainadRSTi se dekheM, to samaya-prabandhana vastutaH jIvana-prabandhana kA abhinna aMga hai, kyoMki jIvana-prabandhana kA lakSya hai - jIvana ke laukika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko samanvita karate hue jIvana ko sukha-zAnti evaM Anandamaya banAnA aura samaya-prabandhana hI vaha prakriyA hai, jisake mAdhyama se jIvana-prabandhana ke lakSya kI samayAnukUla prApti kI jA sakatI hai| yadi samaya-prabandhana na ho, to jIvana-prabandhana kA koI mUlya nahIM raha jaataa| vastutaH, yaha nyAya hai ki uddezya-sApekSa samaya aura samaya-sApekSa uddezya hI zobhanIya hai| yadi kisI kArya meM uddezya aura samaya kI samyak yuti na ho, to usa kArya kI asaphalatA nizcita hai| isa nyAya ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki samaya-prabandhana kA mUla prayojana jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA se jur3akara usake uddezyoM kI prApti meM sahayoga denA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jIvana-prabandhana ke uddezya kI samayAnukUla prApti meM sahayoga pradAna karanA hI samaya-prabandhana kA mUla uddezya hai| isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie hameM tIna upa-uddezyoM ko jIvana meM apanAnA hogA - 1) ucita samaya para ucita kArya krnaa| 2) nyUnatama samaya meM adhikatama lAbha prApta krnaa| 3) vartamAna kSaNa kA sarvottama sadupayoga krnaa| adhyAya 4 : samaya-prabandhana 195 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #266
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4.6.2 sahI lakSyoM evaM nItiyoM kA nirmANa karanA (Right Goals & Policies) samaya-prabandhana karane hetu mUla uddezya-nirdhAraNa ke pazcAt sabase bar3A kArya hai - 'jIvana ke vividha lakSyoM (Goals) kA nirdhAraNa krnaa'| yahI samaya-prabandhana kI saphalatA kA dvAra hai| jo binA lakSya ke calegA, vaha kahIM nahIM pahu~ca skegaa| prastuta prasaMga meM uddezya-nirdhAraNa aura lakSya-nirdhAraNa meM antara karanA Avazyaka hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra, uddezya vyApaka hotA hai aura lakSya sImita hotA hai| vyAvahArika kSetra meM 'dhanArjana' uddezya ho sakatA hai aura usake lie utpAdana kI mAtrA kA nirdhAraNa lakSya ho sakatA hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM uddezya mokSa-prApti ho sakatA hai evaM jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa kI sAdhanA kI mAtrA lakSya ho sakatI hai| yahA~ lakSya zabda 'Goal' kA sUcaka hai|56 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai, 'jaise dhAge meM piroI huI suI gira jAne para bhI guma nahIM hotI hai, vaise hI jJAnarUpI dhAge se yukta AtmA na saMsAra meM bhaTakatI hai aura na hI vinAza ko prApta hotI hai| 57 Azaya yaha hai ki jisane sahI vicArapUrvaka samIcIna lakSya kA nirdhAraNa kara liyA hai, vaha bhaTaka nahIM sktaa| samaya-prabandhana kI saphalatA ke lie hamArI yojanAoM meM nimna mAnadaNDa honA Avazyaka haiM - vividha lakSyoM kA samyak samAyojana - samaya-prabandhana ke aneka choTe-choTe lakSya (Goals) hote haiM, jaise - zikSA-prabandhana, vANI-prabandhana, zarIra-prabandhana aadi| ina saba jIvana-lakSyoM kA samyak samAyojana karanA, samaya-prabandhana kI samagratA kA AdhAra hogaa| hameM isa prakAra se ina lakSyoM kI prApti kI yojanA banAnI hogI ki ina sabhI kI samayocita prApti ho sake, aisA na ho ki kisI pakSavizeSa meM samaya kA atirikta niveza ho aura kisI kI upekSA ho jaae| ucca-caritra kI svIkRti - itihAsa meM aise aneka mahApurUSa hue haiM, jinhoMne ucca-caritra kA paripAlana karate hue vikaTa paristhitiyoM aura alpa jIvana meM vizAla upalabdhiyA~ prApta kI haiM aura jo samaya-prabandhana sIkhane ke lie eka Adarza hai| udAharaNa - maNidhArI dAdAjinacaMdrasUri (26 varSa), zrImadrAjacaMdra (33 varSa), svAmI vivekAnanda (39 varSa), rAnI lakSmIbAI (22 varSa), bhagatasiMha (24 varSa), caMdrazekhara AjAda (26 varSa), subhASacaMdra bosa (48 varSa) ityaadi|58 dIrghakAlIna, madhyakAlIna aura alpakAlIna lakSyoM kA samanvaya - hama sirpha alpakAlIna aura tAtkAlika lakSyoM meM ulajha na jaaeN| jaina-paramparA evaM Adhunika-paramparA kI jIvana-dRSTi meM mUlabhUta antara yahI hai ki Adhunika-paramparA kevala vartamAna jIvana ke sApekSa hI yojanA banAtI hai, jabaki jaina-paramparA vartamAna ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvI-jIvana (pAralaukika jIvana) ke sApekSa bhI ucita yojanA pradAna karatI hai| __ yaha jainadRSTi hamAre alpakAlIna evaM madhyakAlIna yojanAoM ko isa prakAra saMcAlita karatI hai ki ye donoM hamArI dIrghakAlIna yojanAoM (aihalaukika evaM pAralaukika) kI pUrti meM sahayogI bana ske| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 196 14 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #267
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI vyavasthA - hamArI yojanA meM sirpha jIvana-yApana kI vyavasthA juTAne ko hI mahattva na mile , balki aisI nIti ho, jisameM jIvana-nirmANa yA caritra-nirmANa ke lie bhI samucita samaya diyA jA sake, kyoMki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM nimna cAra parama durlabha vastue~ batAI gaI haiM59 - * manuSya janma * dharma-zravaNa * satya para sahI niSThA * saMyama meM purUSArtha utsAhavardhaka lakSya - hamAre lakSya kI kucha aisI vizeSatAe~ hoM, jisase kArya ke kriyAnvayana meM hamAre utsAha aura ruci kI abhivRddhi hotI rhe| ye vizeSatAe~ haiM - Specificness spaSTatA Measurability manne kI yogyatA Achievability prApti kI yogyatA Time boundedness samayabaddhatA inhIM ko saMkSipta rUpa meM isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM - Our goal should be SMART RO samaya-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM plAniMga karate samaya nimna nItiyoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie - samaya ke apavyaya ko roknaa| kama samaya meM jyAdA kAma krnaa| kucha samaya kisI vizeSa jIvanopayogI kArya meM lgaanaa| jIvana alpa hai aura kArya aneka, 2 ataH samaya kA vahIM niveza karanA, jahA~ adhikatama lAbha ho, jaisA ki hama vyApAra-jagat meM karate haiN| jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM ko santulita mahattva denA, jaise - AtmA, svAsthya, dAyitva, sAdhanA, sahayogIgaNa aadi| yojanAe~ pUrvAnumAna para AdhArita hotI haiM, ataH unameM lacIlApana rakhanA, kyoMki yaha bhI sambhava hai ki jaisA hama socate haiM, vaisA na ho| aisI sthiti meM hama na nirAza hoM aura na uttejita, balki deza, kAla, zakti aura paristhiti ke AdhAra para Avazyaka samanvaya karate hue nirdhArita lakSya kI ora zAntipUrvaka bar3hate rheN| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'dezakAlabalaM jJAtvA sarvakAryANi sAdhayet' / - lakSya aura kSamatA kA samanvaya honA bhI Avazyaka hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA meM pratyeka sAdhaka ko 197 adhyAya 4 : samaya-prabandhana 15 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #268
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ apanI kSamatAnusAra jIvana-lakSya nirdhArita karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| isI kAraNa se muni aura zrAvaka ke AcAra meM antara hai| itanA hI nahIM, 'muni' aura 'zrAvaka' ke bhI kaI stara batAe gae haiN| hamArI kSamatA aura lakSya kA sambandha kaisA ho, ise hama nimna citroM dvArA samajha sakate 64 - kra. citra " vivaraNa pariNAma 1/x aura lakSya kSamatA kSamatA kama atibRhad nizcita asaphalatA evaM samaya kI brbaadii| x lakSya lakSya lakSya choTA aura kSamatA saphalatA avazya milegI, lekina kSamatA kA / adhika pUrA upayoga evaM vikAsa nahIM ho skegaa| kSamatA kSamatA kSamatA kama aura lakSya thor3A U~cA (10-20% adhika) prayatna karane para antaHpreraNA jAgrata hogI, kSamatA kA vikAsa hogA aura saphalatA milegii| lakSya citra (3) meM nirdiSTa nIti ke AdhAra para lakSya aura kSamatA kA samanvaya honA hI zreSTha samaya-prabandhana hai aura yaha jainaAcAramImAMsA ke nirdezoM ke anurUpa hai, kyoMki inameM sAdhaka ke lie jo vrata, tapa, kriyA, jJAnArjana, pratimA-vahana Adi kI kramika vikAsa-vyavasthAe~ batAI gaI haiM, ve vAstava meM kSamatA ke AdhAra para lakSya nirdhAraNa karane ke lie batAI gaI haiN| jainAcAryoM kA spaSTa kahanA hai ki hameM na apanI zakti ko chipAnA cAhie aura na hI zakti kA ullaMghana karanA cAhie, balki sadaiva zakti ke anusAra kArya karanA caahie| 4.6.3 sahI kArya-sUcI banAnA (Right To-do List) jainadarzana ke anusAra, pratyeka AtmA ananta jJAnazakti-sampanna hai| isa jJAnazakti ke bala para vaha pratisamaya jAnane kA kArya kara rahI hai| mAnava-avasthA meM usakI jAnane kI zakti adhika tIkSNa, gaharI aura vyApaka hotI hai| eka sAmAnya mAnava anya pazu, pakSI, kIr3e, makor3e Adi kI tulanA meM socane, vicArane, samajhane Adi kI vizeSa zakti rakhatA hai| isI jJAna-kSamatA ke bala para hama 16 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 198 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #269
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ cintana-manana ke mAdhyama se kaI bAra U~ce, acche aura upayogI vicAra karate haiM aura bhaviSya kI yojanA bhI banA lete haiN| viDambanA yaha hai ki pratisamaya utpanna ho rahe nUtana vicAroM ke pravAha meM kaI bAra ucita vicAra aura yojanAe~ binA kriyAnvayana kie hI vismRta ho jAtI haiN| aksara yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki nakArAtmaka vicAra to lambe samaya taka smRti meM rahate haiM, jabaki sakArAtmaka vicAra bahuta jaldI vismRta ho jAte haiM, ataH hameM cAhie ki cintita aura nirNIta sadvicAroM evaM sadyojanAoM ko sUcIbaddha kareM, jisase ucita samaya para ucita kArya (kAle kAlaM samAyare ) kiyA jA sake / bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM "eka jAgrata sAdhaka pratidina subaha evaM zAma samyak prakAra se Atma-nirIkSaNa kare ki maiMne kyA kiyA hai aura kyA nahIM kiyA hai tathA kauna-sA kArya karanA zeSa hai, jise maiM samartha hone para bhI nahIM kara pA rahA huuN| jainazAstroM meM upadiSTa samayAvadhiyoM ke AdhAra para kArya - sUcI ke kaI prakAra sambhava haiM. kra. kArya-sUcI kA prakAra samayAvadhi kra. kArya-sUcI kA prakAra samayAvadhi 1) rAtrika eka rAtri 4) cAturmAsika cAra mAha 2) daivasi 5) vArSika eka varSa 3) pAkSika paMdraha dina 6 ) anya koI niyata avadhi kArya-sUcI ko kisa taraha banAyA jAe, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| jainAcAra meM isake lie karaNIya aura akaraNIya kAryoM meM bheda karane para bala diyA gayA hai| muni aura gRhastha ko apanI-apanI bhUmikAnusAra nirNaya karanA cAhie ki vaha kyA kare aura kyA na kre| karane yogya kAryoM meM bhI vaha anekAnta-dRSTi dvArA deza, kAla, sva-zakti aura paristhiti ke AdhAra para apanI prAthamikatAoM ka nirNaya kre| kahA bhI gayA hai| jAgrata vahI hai, jo sat aura asat meM bhalI prakAra se bheda kara sakatA hai| 7 jo kArya adhika prabhAvI aura kalyANakArI (Highly effective and beneficial) haiM, unheM prAthamikatA denI caahie| isa prakAra kAryoM ko unakI prAthamikatA ke AdhAra para anukrama se sUcIbaddha karanA caahie| ise hI Adhunika prabandhana meM 'prAthamika kArya pahale' (First Thing First) kA siddhAnta kahate haiN| - jainakathAsAhitya meM bhI atyAvazyaka, Avazyaka aura anAvazyaka kAryoM meM cayana kI samyak paddhati ke kaI prasaMga milate haiM, jaise bharata mahArAjA ko jaba prabhu ke kevalajJAna aura cakraratna kI badhAI eka hI sAtha prApta huI, taba unhoMne donoM badhAI - dAtAoM ko puraskRta kiyA aura vicAra kiyA ki pahale kisakA mahotsava karanA cAhie? zIghra hI isa vicAra para pahu~ce ki 'dharmArthe sakalaM tyajet ' arthAt dharma ke lie saba chor3a denA cAhie aura isa nyAya ke AdhAra para pahale jJAna kA mahotsava kiyA, tatpazcAt cakraratna kI pUjA kii| 199 1 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 17
Page #270
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prAthamika kArya pahale karanA (First Thing First)ss isakA artha hai - sabase mahattvapUrNa kArya sabase pahale krnaa| isa AdhAra para hama kAma ko nimnalikhita tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| ise jainadarzana meM 'Avazyaka' (avazyakaraNIya) kI prAthamikatA ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai| tatkAla kArya - ye kArya sabase mahattvapUrNa kArya haiM, inheM sabase pahale karanA caahie| aise kArya atyAvazyaka yA aparihArya bhI kahalAte haiN| kabhI-kabhI ye bahuta kama mahattvapUrNa dikhAI dete haiM, phira bhI inheM atyAvazyaka kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki yahA~ mahattva kA sambandha kArya ke pariNAmoM (Consequences) se hai| mahattvapUrNa kArya - ye kArya Avazyaka to haiM, kintu atyAvazyaka nahIM haiN| inheM atyAvazyaka kAryoM ke bAda kiyA jAnA caahie| inheM jainadarzana meM Avazyaka kahA gayA hai| ye kArya sAmAnya vyakti ke uccatara jIvana-mUlyoM (AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika) ke sampAdana meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna dete haiN| jainadarzana meM jainAcAryoM ke dvArA vyAvahArika Avazyaka kAryoM ke sAtha dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa hetu Avazyaka SaTkarttavya - deva-pUjA, guru-upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna evaM SaDAvazyaka - sAmAyika, caturviMzati-stavana, vandana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna bhI nirdezita kie gae haiM, inheM jIvana ke Avazyaka karttavya mAnakara samaya-sAraNI meM avazya sthAna denA caahie| gRhastha evaM sAdhu - donoM ko SaDAvazyaka pratidina do bAra karane yogya hai| 1) sAmAyika Atma-sajagatA evaM samatvabhAva kI sAdhanA hai| 3) vandanA guru evaM dharma ke prati vinaya evaM AsthA kI vRddhi karanA hai| matikamaNa AlocanA dIpoM kA parimArjana hai ati prabhAkiyA hI 5) kAyotsarga ahaMkAra aura mamakAra (mamatva) kA visarjana hai| anAvazyaka kArya - ye kArya gaira-mahattvapUrNa haiM aura nahIM karane yogya haiN| inheM hI jainaAcArazAstroM meM 'anarthadaNDa' kahA gayA hai| sAdhAraNatayA ye kArya vyakti ke kamajora manonuzAsana ke pariNAma haiM, jinheM nahIM karake vyakti samaya kA sundara samAyojana kara sakatA pratyeka vyakti kI bhUmikA alaga-alaga hone se ina tInoM vibhAgoM ke antargata kie jAne vAle kAryoM kA spaSTa vibheda karanA zakya nahIM hai, phira bhI kisI sAmAnya vyakti ke lie inakA prArUpa isa prakAra ho sakatA hai - 18 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 200 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #271
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mahattvapUrNa (Avazyaka) racanAtmaka yA sRjanAtmaka kArya, jIvana-mUlyoM ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka - kArya, vyaktivizeSa kArya se sambandha banAnA athavA viccheda karanA ityAdi / vizeSa aksara hone vAlI bhUleM kucha vyakti 'tAtkAlika kArya meM hI pUrA samaya nikAla dete haiN| pratidina ke saMkaToM se na ubara pAne unakA vyaktitva samasyAvAdI bana jAtA hai / kucha vyakti 'tAtkAlika kArya ko pUrA karake zeSa samaya 'anAvazyaka kAryoM meM vyatIta kara dete haiM / kucha vyakti 'tAtkAlika' kArya aura 'Avazyaka' kArya donoM ko chor3akara sirpha 'anAvazyaka' kArya meM hI samaya naSTa kara dete haiN| yaha vicAraNIya hai ki tAtkAlika kArya karaNIya avazya haiM, kintu aisA na ho ki hama unameM ulajhakara apane vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI upekSA kara deM / ,70 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai| 'hara kahIM aura hara vastu meM mana ko mata lagA baiThie / " yadi mana bArambAra bhaTakatA aura lalacAtA rahegA, to kisI bhI kArya meM ekAgratA nahIM AegI, ataH prAthamikatA para AdhArita kArya-sUcI banAnI cAhie, jisase apekSita saphalatA kI prApti ho sake / 4.6.4 sahI samayaya-sAraNI banAnA (Right Time Table)' aMgrejI meM samaya-sAraNI (TAima-Tebala) ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA gayA hai events arranged according to the time when they take place'. TAima-Tebala meM tIna mukhya tattvoM ko honA anivArya hai kAma, jo karanA hai / samayAvadhi, jisameM kArya sampanna karanA hai / samaya, jisa para vaha kAma karanA hai / 201 'samaya-sAraNI' (TAima Tebala) vastutaH 'kArya' aura 'samaya' kA paraspara anubandha hai / kabhI-kabhI yaha bhrama hotA hai ki samaya-sAraNI banAnA Adhunika takanIka hai, parantu yadi atIta ke jainagranthoM ko dekheM, to sarvatra hI samaya-prabaddha kAryazailI ke darzana hote haiN| jaina - paramparA meM ise 'kAlagrahaNa' kahA jAtA hai| 'AcAra dinakara' nAmaka jainagrantha meM isakI sampUrNa prakriyA batAI gaI hai| jainaAcArazAstroM ne sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko apane AcAra pAlana ke lie spaSTa kahA hai ki jo adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana 19 -- For Personal & Private Use Only 'A list of
Page #272
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kArya jisa samaya para karane yogya hai, vaha kArya usI samaya para karanA caahie| uThanA baiThanA, sonA, AhAra karanA, mala-mUtra niHsaraNa karanA ityAdi zArIrika - kriyAe~ aura svAdhyAya, dhyAna, pratikramaNa, pratilekhana Adi dhArmika - kriyAe~ samaya para karanI caahie| asamaya kArya karane se bahuta hAni hotI hai aura kabhI-kabhI to pachatAnA bhI par3atA hai| 2 uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM sthUlarUpa se jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI ke lie samaya kA sAmAnya vibhAga isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai73 . 1) dina kA prathama prahara dina kA tRtIya prahara 20 svAdhyAya 5) rAtri kA prathama prahara bhikSAcaryA 7 ) rAtri kA tRtIya prahara sUkSmarUpa se jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI ke AcAra kA nirUpaNa hameM uttarAdhyayanasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra, mUlAcAra Adi aneka AgamoM aura unakI TIkAoM meM milatA hai| vistArabhaya se yahA~ usakI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| inakI TIkAoM meM pratyeka kAlakhaNDa ghar3I (24 miniTa) yA muhUrta (48 miniTa) ke kAryoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| svAdhyAya jisa prakAra sAdhuoM ko ucita samaya para ucita kArya karanA cAhie, usI prakAra gRhasthoM ko bhI karanA caahie| AcArya hemacaMdra ke yogazAstra aura usakI TIkA meM tathA kucha zrAvakAcAra sambandhI granthoM meM isakA ullekha milatA hai| pratyeka manuSya kI jIvanacaryA kA samaya ke sAtha bar3A ghaniSTha sambandha hotA hai, jo loga apane jIvana samyak prakAra se kArya vibhAjana karate haiM, unakA jIvana sukhI aura suvyavasthita hone ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM ke lie Adarza bhI hotA hai| 74 dhyAna rahe ki samaya kA vibhAjana aura kAryoM kI prAthamikatAoM ko nirdhArita kie binA koI bhI kArya sucAru rUpa se pUrNa nahIM ho sakatA, isIlie pratyeka gRhastha, cAhe vaha vidyArthI ho, vyavasAyI ho evaM pratyeka gRhiNI, cAhe vaha kAmakAjI mahilA ho, sAmAjika kAryakarttA ho yA anya koI bhI kyoM na ho, sabhI ko kAryoM kI prAthamikatAoM ko taya karake samaya kA samyak vibhAjana karanA caahie| samaya-sAraNI meM sirpha arthopArjana aura bhoga ke lie hI samaya kA sampUrNa niveza na hokara 'dharma' aura 'mokSa' purUSArtha ke lie bhI samyak vyavasthA honI caahie| jainadarzana ke anusAra, moha aura kSobha se rahita mokSAvasthA hI pratyeka AtmA kA parama dhyeya hai| 75 yaha mokSAvasthA hI parama Atmika zAnti aura Ananda kA AdhAra hai, ataH isa durlabha manuSya jIvana meM pramAda kA tyAga karate hue AtmAnanda kI prApti kA parAkrama hI gRhastha aura sAdhu donoM kA karttavya hai / vastutaH, mokSa kA purUSArtha hI ekamAtra sAdhya hai, jisake lie dharma, artha aura kAma sAdhana haiN|" isI dRSTi se vyakti ko AvazyakatA aura anAvazyakatA kA bheda karate hue dharma, jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva nidrA For Personal & Private Use Only 202
Page #273
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ artha, kAma aura mokSa ke purUSArtha meM samaya kA sahI vibhAjana karanA caahie| samaya-sAraNI banAne hetu Avazyaka nirdeza 1) samaya-sAraNI banAte hue nirdhArita mukhya lakSya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai| yadi hama apane lakSya ko hI bhUla jAe~ge, to icchita pariNAma kI prApti kI sambhAvanA bahuta kama ho jaaegii| 2) sUryodaya se pUrva uThane kI Adata DAleM aura yahIM se samaya-prabandhana kI prakriyA zuru kreN| bhAratIya dharmazAstra ekamata se kahate haiM ki brahmamuhUrta meM uThane se jIvana meM naI sphUrti evaM utsAha kA saMcAra hotA hai aura Alasya se chuTakArA milatA hai|" Aja vaijJAnikoM ne bhI ise pramANita kara diyA hai| jo prAtaHkAla cAra baje ke AsapAsa jAga jAte haiM, unake zarIra meM 'serATonina' nAmaka rasAyana kA vizeSa srAva hotA hai, jo mAnasika prasannatA evaM zAnti kA nimitta hai| jo dera taka sote haiM, unheM 'serATonina' kA ucita srAva na hone se becainI, cir3acir3AhaTa, Alasya, udAsInatAdi mahasUsa hote haiN| 3) 'samaya-sAraNI' meM do kAryoM ke bIca kucha minaToM kA avakAza honA cAhie, jisase kArya zuru karane meM bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'bhikSA ke lie gayA huA sAdhu AhAra lAne ke bAda svAdhyAya prArambha kare, tatpazcAt kSaNa bhara kA vizrAma le| vizrAma karate hue gRhIta AhAra kA dUsare muniyoM ke lie saMvibhAga karane kA zubha cintana kre| yadi koI vyakti do kAryoM ke bIca vizrAma yA avakAza le aura usa samaya koI zubha cintana kare, to zArIrika evaM mAnasika rUpa se tanAvamukta (Stress Free) hotA hai, sAtha hI kArya karane kI UrjA meM vRddhi hotI hai, jisase agale kArya kI acchI zuruAta ho sakatI hai| 'samaya-sAraNI' meM sandhyAkAlIna bhojana alpa aura sUryAsta ke pUrva honA caahie| jainaAcArazAstroM meM rAtribhojana ke niSedha kA vidhAna hai| rAtribhojana-niSedha ke aneka vaijJAnika kAraNa haiM, unameM se 'samaya kI anAvazyaka barbAdI' bhI eka mukhya kAraNa hai| jo loga rAtri meM vyavasAyAdi se nivRtta hokara bhojana karate haiM, unheM aksara Tahalane ke lie jAnA par3atA hai athavA AhAra ko pacAne ke lie TI.vI. Adi manoraMjana evaM gapazapa kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, parantu jo vyakti sUryAsta ke pUrva bhojana kara letA hai, usakI pAcana prakriyA nidrA ke samaya ke pUrva svayameva samApta ho jAtI hai| kisI ne AhAra aura zayana kI prakriyA ko sudhArane ke lie salAha dI hai - 'pA~ca baje uThanA evaM dasa baje khAnA, phira pA~ca baje khAnA evaM dasa baje sonaa'| isase na kevala purUSoM kA, balki gRhiNiyoM kA samaya bhI bacegA, jisakA upayoga rAtri meM satsaMga, bhakti Adi meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| 5) "samaya-sAraNI' ko banAne ke lie hama jIvana se sambandhita vividha pakSoM ko isa prakAra vibhAjita kara sakate haiM - 203 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana 21 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #274
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1) AdhyAtmika pakSa PRASARAM 2) pArivArika evaM sAmAjika pakSa 3) zArIrika pakSa 4) vyAvasAyika pakSa 5) manoraMjana pakSa deva-pUjA, guru-upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa, dAna, pratikramaNa, Atma-cintana, tattvAbhyAsa, aatm-dhyaanaadi| baccoM evaM bujurgoM kI vyavasthA, sabhA Ayojana, mitra, Agantuka sAmAjika evaM NARALERTENS HARMA kauTumbika samAroha sambandhI aadi| dantadhAvana, zauca, snAna, vastra, bhojana, nidrA ityaadi| vyavasAya evaM gRha smbndhii| TI.vI., pepara, gapazapa aadi| HSSEX uparyukta pakSoM se sambandhita nItiyA~ hara vyakti kI bhinna-bhinna ho sakatI haiM, kyoMki sabake pUrva saMskAra, vartamAna ruci, bhaviSya ke uddezya, umra, karttavya, pada, paristhitiyA~ Adi alaga-alaga hotI haiM, phira bhI jainaAcArazAstroM ke anusAra, sAmAnya rUpa se hameM cAhie ki AdhyAtmika pakSa ko mUla lakSya banAte hue sAdhana rUpa meM zArIrika , vyAvasAyika, pArivArika aura sAmAjika pakSoM kA prayoga kareM, parantu manoraMjana yA anya pakSoM kI AvazyakatA se dhIre-dhIre svayaM ko mukta kreN| vibhAga isa vibhAgoM kA mahattva AdhyAtmika pakSa sAdhya zArIrika, vyAvasAyika, pArivArika aura sAmAjika pakSa sAdhana . manoraMjana evaM anya pakSa anAvazyaka evaM bAdhaka SHRARE. 6) hameM sAdhana ko sAdhya ke samAna mahattva dekara sAdhya kI upekSA nahIM karanI caahie| anyathA hamAre svabhAva meM asantoSa, krodha, mAna, IrSyA, cir3acir3AhaTa , adhIratA, bhaya, roSa, zoka, tanAva, dabAva Adi manovikAroM ko vikasita hone kA maukA mila jAtA hai aura hama AtmazAnti ke upAyoM se vaMcita raha jAte haiN| phalataH kArya kI guNavattA evaM samayocita pUrNatA prabhAvita hotI hai| __hameM sAdhanoM kI pUrti ke lie samaya utanA hI denA cAhie, jitanI vAstavika AvazyakatA hai, anyathA nimna visaMgatiyA~ dikhAI detI haiM - arthopArjana karane meM hI vyakti pUrI jindagI bItA detA hai| 'homa mainejameMTa' arthAt ghara ko vyavasthita rakhane meM mahilAe~ dina-bhara lagI rahatI haiN| vidyArthI sirpha zikSA prApta karane ke lie 20-25 varSa bItA detA hai| manoraMjana ke nAma para krikeTa maica Adi dekhane ke lie zaukIna vyakti subaha se zAma taka TI. vI. ke sAmane baiThA rahatA hai, ityaadi| 7) AdhyAtmika sAdhaka zrImadrAjacaMdra (1867-1900) ne apanI bAlavaya meM nimnalikhita jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 204 22 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #275
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samaya-vibhAjana kiyA thA, jo unakI Atma-sajagatA kA paricAyaka hai - 1 prahara - bhktikrttvy| 1 prahara - vidyA pryojn| 1 prahara - dhrmkrttvy| 2 prahara - nidraa| 1 prahara - aahaar-pryojn| 2 prahara - sNsaar-pryojn| 4.6.5 ucita vyakti ko ucita kArya sauMpanA (Right Delegation of Work) aneka bAra niyata kArya ko niyata samaya-sImA meM pUrA karane ke lie dUsaroM kA sahayoga apekSita hotA hai| isa hetu ucita vyakti ko kArya sauMpanA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| jahA~ taka AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA prazna hai, isakA parama dhyeya hai - parAdhInatA se mukti| yaha to nija zuddhAtmasvarUpa kA Azraya karake ekamAtra svAtmA meM ramaNa karane kI sAdhanA hai| yahI ekamAtra karane yogya sAdhanA hai| jainadarzana meM spaSTa kahA hai - maiM eka hU~, saMsAra meM merA koI nahIM hai aura maiM bhI kisI kA nahIM huuN| vastutaH yahI saMsAra kA parama satya hai, lekina AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI ucita pAtratA ke abhAva meM sAdhaka ko vyAvahArika sAdhanA ke stara para jInA par3atA hai| yadi vaha vyAvahArika sAdhanA ko bhI nahIM apanAtA hai, to sambhava hai ki vaha itanA pathabhraSTa ho jAe ki punaH patha para ArUr3ha honA hI azakya ho jaae| mUla meM vyAvahArika sAdhanA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA sAdhana hai| isameM artha, kAma aura dharma sambandhI vyAvahArika pravRttiyA~ hote hue bhI adhyAtma kA lakSya banA rahatA hai| jahA~ taka jIvana kI vyAvahArika sAdhanA kA prazna hai, isameM AvazyakatAnusAra sahayoga dene evaM sahayoga lene kI jIvanazailI honI caahie| tattvArthasUtra meM isI dRSTi se kahA gayA hai ki jIvana eka-dUsare ke sahayoga para AdhArita hotA hai - parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / 82 ___ aksara, jina kAraNoM se vyakti dUsaroM ko kArya sauMpane se hicakicAtA hai, unameM se mukhya haiM - vyakti 'nAma' aura 'yaza' (Name and Fame) kI prApti ke prasaMga meM kisI ko bhI sahabhAgI nahIM banAnA cAhatA hai| vaha cAhatA hai ki kArya ke pariNAma yA utpAdana kA adhikatama lAbha use hI mile , anya ko nhiiN| vaha dUsare kI kSamatAoM kA sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM kara pAtA hai| use apanA mahattva aura adhikAra kama hone kA Dara satAtA hai| use lagatA hai ki dUsaroM kA sahayoga lene se vaha kArya-vihIna aura niSkriya ho jaaegaa| vastutaH, isa sthiti meM sakArAtmaka dRSTi kI AvazyakatA hai, jo hameM jainadarzana ke AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se prApta hotI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, hameM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke bhAvoM se grasta hokara ucita samaya para prApta ucita vastu kI upekSA nahIM karanI caahie| 83 vastu kA artha hai - saMsAdhana, jo do prakAra ke hote haiM - mAnava aura bhautik| hameM AvazyakatAnusAra sahI uddezyapUrvaka adhyAya 4 : samaya-prabandhana 205 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #276
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ inakA saMprayoga karanA caahie| jainadarzana kahatA hai ki 'nAma' aura 'dhana' to ga~vAne ke bAda bhI mila sakate haiM, lekina manuSya jIvana kA samaya to mahAdurlabha hai, ataH hameM yaha socanA hogA ki yadi kArya sauMpane ke dAyitva - bodha se samaya-prabandhana ho sakatA hai, to yaha sakArAtmaka dRSTi hai| svayaM prabhu AdinAthajI ne ucita samaya jAnakara bharatasahita apane sau putroM ko rAjya sauMpakara AtmakalyANa ke nimitta saMyama aMgIkAra kara liyA thA / 84 " dUsaroM ko kArya kA dAyitva dene kA Azaya dUsaroM kA zoSaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA sUtra hai - Ayatule payAsu / isakA Azaya hai dekho| bRhatkalpabhASyakAra ke anusAra, jo hama apane lie cAhate haiM, jo apane lie nahIM cAhate haiM, use dUsaroM ke lie bhI na caaheN| maharSi vyAsa kA bhI sUtra hai AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret arthAt jo kAma hameM apane lie pratikUla hai, vaha hama dUsaroM ke lie na kreN| yadi hama kisI kI roTI chInate haiM, to cintana kareM ki vaha hamArI roTI chInegA, to kaisA lgegaa| zrI aTalabihArI vAjapeyI ne svArthavRtti ke AdhAra para do saMskRtiyoM kI tulanA bahuta sundara DhaMga se kI hai| unhoMne kahA 'amerikA ke lie sArI duniyA eka bAjAra hai aura hamAre lie sArI duniyA eka kuTumba hai / ' Azaya yaha hai ki hamArA vyavahAra svArthaparaka nahIM hokara AtmIyatAparaka honA cAhie, isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kahanA par3A ki kisI kI AjIvikA mata chIno / 87 ,86 jainAcArya haribhadrasUri ne gRhastha jIvana ke yogya jina prAthamika guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unheM 'mArgAnusArI guNa' kahA jAtA hai| inameM nimnalikhita guNa prastuta prasaMga meM upayukta nyAyanItipUrvaka AjIvikopArjana karanA satpurUSoM kI saMgati karanA sadAcArI purUSoM ko ucita sammAna denA apane AzritoM kA pAlana-poSaNa karanA apane upakArI ke upakAra kA vismaraNa nahIM karanA 24 karanA kataI nahIM honA cAhie / saba jIvoM ko apanI Atmatulya vahI dUsaroM ke lie bhI cAheM aura kAma, krodha, mada, lobha, moha, matsara Adi Antarika zatruoM se bacane kA prayatna karanA ityAdi / kabhI-kabhI dUsaroM ko kArya sauMpane kA artha jIvana kI parAzritatA mAna liyA jAtA hai, parantu yaha satya nahIM hai| vastutaH, jainadarzana parAzrita jIvana ke bajAya parasparAzrita jIvana (Interdependent Life) kI pahala karatA hai| dUsaroM ko kArya sauMpane kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki hama niSkriya ho jAe~ athavA bhogoM meM tallIna ho jAe~, balki yaha hai ki hama kArya ke lie upayukta vyakti se ucita sahayoga lekara alpasamaya meM kArya ko sampanna kara sakeM / - jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM meM bhI paraspara - AzritatA kA siddhAnta mAnya hai| gurU-ziSya ke sambandha ke sAtha-sAtha gaNa, kula, zAkhA, gaccha Adi kI vyavasthAe~ isakI dyotaka haiN| jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 206
Page #277
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 89 zrImadrAjacaMdra ne kahA hai mAna Adi mahAzatruoM se utpIr3ita ziSya svaprayAsoM se anantakAla meM bhI mukta nahIM ho sakatA, kintu mAtra sadguru kI zaraNa meM jAne para alpasamaya evaM alpaprayatnoM se hI mukta ho jAtA hai| yaha sadguru ke sahayoga (nimitta ) se prApta jJAna kA pariNAma hai, lekina isakA matalaba yaha nahIM hai ki ziSya kA guru ke prati koI dAyitva nahIM hai / ziSya kA karttavya hai ki vaha gurujanoM kI ucita vaiyAvRtya (sevA-zuzrUSA) kre| ziSya ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai 'vaha sUryodaya hone para hAtha jor3akara gurujanoM se pUche ki he bhante ! isa samaya maiM kyA karU~? he bhadanta ! maiM cAhatA hU~ apanI AtmA ko ApakI vaiyAvRtya meM athavA svAdhyAya meM niyukta karU~ / ' isa prakAra ziSya meM sahayoga dene aura sahayoga lene kI uttama nIti honI caahie| yaha parasparAzritatA kA vyAvahArika rUpa hai / ,90 bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake pUrva bhI pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke zAsanakAla meM vividha kAryoM ke lie sakala sAdhusaMgha ko alaga-alaga 'gaNoM' meM vibhAjita karane kI paramparA rahI hai| ina gaNoM ke kAryoM kA samyak saMcAlana karane hetu asAdhAraNa pratibhAzAlI zreSTha munirAjoM ko dAyitva sauMpate hue unheM 'gaNadhara' pada se vibhUSita kiyA jAtA thaa| Aja bhI jainasaMgha ko anuzAsita karane hetu AcArya, upAdhyAya, paMnyAsa, gaNi Adi pada evaM tatsambandhI kArya sauMpane kI paramparA hai| vastutaH yaha prakriyA sirpha sAdhusaMgha ke lie hI nahIM, balki manuSyamAtra ko samayocita karttavya nibhAne ke lie sarvatra Avazyaka hai aura yahI sAmUhikatA kI bhAvanA anya prANiyoM kI tulanA meM manuSya kI saphalatA kA rAja hai / dAyitva - vibhAjana kI jaina paurANika - kathA" - rAjagRha nagarI meM dhana sArthavAha rahatA thA / ghara-parivAra kA uttaradAyitva sauMpane hetu usane apanI cAroM putravadhuoM ko yogyatA - parIkSaNArtha pA~ca-pA~ca dAne zAlIkaNa (cAvala) ke die aura mA~gane para lauTAne ko khaa| pahalI putravadhU 'ujjhitA' ne nirarthaka jAnakara unheM pheMka diyA, dUsarI putravadhU 'bhogavatI' ne pheMkA to nahIM, lekina khA liyA, tIsarI putravadhU rakSitA' ne pitAjI kI bAta ko sammAna dekara unheM sambhAlakara rakha liyA aura cauthI putravadhU 'rohiNI' ne apane pIhara bhejakara kRSi dvArA saMvarddhita karane kA nirdeza diyA / pA~ca varSa bIta jAne para seTha ne cAroM putravadhuoM se dAne vApasa mA~ge / saccAI jAnane para pahalI putravadhU ko ghara kI saphAI Adi kA kArya sauMpA, dUsarI ko rasoI Adi kI vyavasthA niyukta kiyA, tIsarI putravadhU ko ghara - bhaNDAra kI surakSA kA dAyitva diyA / cauthI putravadhU se pUchane para usane kahA ki dAne vApasa karane hetu use kaI gAr3iyoM kI AvazyakatA hai, seTha Azcarya cakita ho gyaa| usake pUchane para 'rohiNI' ne sArA vRttAnta sunAyA / seTha ne prasanna hokara use ghara kA mukhiyA banA diyaa| isa prakAra, ucita vyakti ko ucita kArya sauMpane kA yaha eka Adarza udAharaNa hai| 207 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 25
Page #278
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4.6.6 kArya kA sahI kriyAnvayana karanA (Right Implementation of Work) kArya ke saphala sAmayika kriyAnvayana kA adbhUta mAhAtmya hai| yaha vyakti ke vyaktitva, utsAha, AtmavizvAsa aura prabhAva meM cAra cA~da lagA detA hai| isase vyakti parivAra meM pratiSThA aura samAja meM mAnyatA prApta karatA hai| vaha pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI vijetA ke samAna ubharatA hai| hara vyakti aisI dazA prApta to karanA cAhatA hai, lekina prApta nahIM kara pAtA, kyoMki kArya kA sahI kriyAnvayana nahIM kara pAtA, ataH saphalatA ke lie dAyitva (kArya) kA samyak kriyAnvayana Avazyaka hai| (ka) mana kI ekAgratA - mAnava kI sabase bar3I zakti bhI mana hai aura sabase bar3I samasyA bhii| jaise bandara kSaNa bhara bhI zAnta nahIM baiTha sakatA, vaise hI mana bhI saMkalpa-vikalpa se kSaNa bhara ke lie zAnta nahIM hotaa| jo kArya eka ghaNTe meM pUrA honA cAhie, mana kI ekAgratA ke abhAva meM usameM cAra ghaNTe bhI laga sakate haiM aura yadi mana kI ekAgratA bana jAe, to usI kArya ko Adhe ghaNTe meM bhI pUrA kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH kArya ke samyaka kriyAnvayana ke lie mana kI acapalatA, sthiratA, zAnti aura ekAgratA atyanta Avazyaka hai| (kha) satata jAgarukatA - kArya ke sahI kriyAnvayana ke lie satata jAgarukatA (apramattatA) bahuta jarurI hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra, buddhimAna sAdhaka ko apanI sAdhanA meM pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| isameM spaSTa kahA hai ki jo sotA hai, vaha asAdhaka (amuni) hai aura jo jAgatA hai, vaha sAdhaka (muni) hai| bAra-bAra upadeza dete hue kahA hai ki 'tU dekha! tU dekha!' (pAsa! pAsa!) arthAt pramAda ko chor3akara apramatta avasthA (draSTAbhAva) ko prApta ho| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI samayamAtra kA pramAda nahIM karane ko kahA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM - samaya bar3A bhayaMkara hai aura idhara pratikSaNa jIrNa-zIrNa hotA huA zarIra hai, ataH sAdhaka ko bhAraNDa pakSI kI taraha sadA apramatta hokara vicaraNa karanA caahie| vastutaH samaya-prabandhaka (Time Manager) bhI eka sAdhaka hI hai, jo apanI jIvanazailI ko sAdhane kA prayatna kara rahA hai, ataH prayatna meM jAgarukatA honI hI caahie| (ga) kArya ke prati ruci - jainadarzana meM kahA gayA hai - "rUci anuyAyI vIrya' arthAt kisI kArya meM hone vAlI ruci kA anukaraNa karake hamArA purUSArtha (vIrya/udyama) sphUTita hotA hai| jaba kisI kArya meM purUSArtha adhika hotA hai, to saphalatA kI sambhAvanA adhika ho jAtI hai, ataH hameM cAhie ki hama anamane DhaMga se yA bojha samajhakara kArya ko nahIM karate hue pUre utsAha aura AnandapUrvaka jIvana kA pratyeka kArya kareM, kyoMki anamane DhaMga se kArya karane kA artha hai - apane bahumUlya samaya, zrama evaM dhana kA apavyaya krnaa| (gha) samayaprabaddhatA (Punctuality) - bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki asamaya kA tyAgakara samayocita karttavya kreN| jainasAdhu ke lie kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka kArya kA apanA samaya hai, jisameM use kArya ko niSpanna karanA caahie| 99 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra kA kathana hai - annaM annakAle, pANaM pANakAle, leNaM 26 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 208 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #279
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ leNakAle , sayaNaM sayaNakAle / yadi koI svAdhyAya kAla meM pratilekhana kare athavA pratilekhana kAla meM svAdhyAya kare to yaha doSa hai| yahA~ taka bhI kaha diyA hai ki niyata samaya para svAdhyAya nahIM karanA aura aniyata samaya para svAdhyAya karanA donoM hI doSapUrNa haiN|100 aisA nahIM hai ki samaya-prabaddhatA sirpha sAdhu varga ke lie hI Avazyaka hai| zrAvaka (gRhastha) varga ke lie bhI isakA samAna mahattva hai| zrAvaka varga ko cAhie ki subaha se lekara rAtri taka apanI nirdhArita samaya-sAraNI kA anukaraNa kare aura apane mUla lakSya (mokSa purUSArtha) ke prati sajaga rhe| (Ga) avakAza ke kSaNoM kA upayoga karane kI kalA - yahA~ taka ki hameM yaha kalA bhI vikasita karanI cAhie ki hama avakAza ke kSaNoM kA bhI yathAsambhava sarvottama sadupayoga kara skeN| isake kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM - mahAtmA gA~dhI (1869-1948) - phurasata ke samaya meM ye sUta kAtate the| inhoMne jela meM rahate hue gItA kA gahana adhyayana kiyaa| paM. javAharalAla neharu (1879-1964) - jela meM rahate hue inhoMne bhArata : eka khoja' (Discovery of India) kI racanA kii| heriyaTa bIcara sTova (1811-1896) - inhoMne apanI besTa seliMga naoNvela 'aMkala TAmsa kebina' (1852) ko ghara-gRhasthI kI jhaMjhaToM ke bIca hI likhA thaa| bhojana kI pratIkSA karane meM jo samaya bItatA thA, usI samaya meM unhoMne phrAuna kI racanA 'iMglaiNDa' ko par3hA thaa|101 mahAn santa mAnatuMgAcArya (lagabhaga 618 I.) - bhaktAmara' jaisI bhaktirasa se otaprota aura amara kRti kI racanA jela kI salAkhoM meM kii| * jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI - sAmAnyatayA apane hAtha meM mAlA rakhate haiN| jaise hI unheM phurasata milatI hai, vaise hI mAlA ke mAdhyama se paramAtmA kA Alambana lekara japa-sAdhanA meM laga jAte haiN| * maMtrIzvara pethar3azAha - inhoMne pratidina pAlakI meM baiThakara rAjamahala jAte hue mArga meM hI 'upadezamAlA grantha' kaNThastha kara liyA thaa|102 phurasata ke samaya kA sadupayoga karane ke lie hI DaoN. ena. hove kahate haiM - Leisure is the time for doing something useful. 103 jo loga duniyA meM Age bar3he haiM, unhoMne phurasata kA samaya kabhI vyartha nahIM jAne diyA, ataH vyakti ko cAhie ki phurasata kA samaya kisI sArthaka cintana athavA upayogI kAma meM lgaae| maharSi vedavyAsajI ne likhA hai - 'yadi tumheM eka kSaNa kA bhI avakAza mile, to use satkarma meM lagAo, kyoMki kAlacakra krUra va mana upadravI hai| 104 pazcima meM eka kahAvata hai - 'Empty mind is Devil's workshop' arthAt khAlI dimAga zaitAna kA ghr| 209 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana 27 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #280
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (ca) niyata vastu ke lie niyata sthAna - jo vastu jahA~ rakhane kI hai, use vahIM para rakhane se vastu ko DhU~DhanA nahIM par3atA evaM kArya ke kriyAnvayana meM saphalatA milatI hai| jainadarzana meM isa hetu utthApana-pratisthApana (AdAna-nikSepaNa) nAmaka 'samiti' kA ullekha hai, jisakA tAtparya hai - vastu ko usake samyak sthAna para hI pratisthApita krnaa| ataH samaya-prabandhaka ko vastuoM ko uThAne aura rakhane meM sAvadhAnI bhI rakhanI caahie| (cha) alpa AvazyakatAoM meM jInA - jisake pAsa jitanI adhika sAmagriyA~ hogI, usakA utanA adhika samaya unake rakha-rakhAva meM bItegA, isIlie jainadarzana meM 'parigraha' para aMkuza lagAne ke lie jora diyA gayA hai|105 parigraha do prakAra kA hotA hai - aMtaraMga evaM bhirNg| ye donoM hI parigraha kArya ke sAmayika kriyAnvayana meM bAdhaka haiM, ataH inakI ucita sImA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| jainadarzana kA kahanA hai - icchAe~ asIma haiM, una sabhI kI pUrti sambhava nahIM hai, ataH apanI icchAoM ko sImita kreN|106 (vizeSa : dekheM adhyAya 10 evaM 11) (ja) manuSya-jIvana kI durlabhatA kA cintana - manuSya-jIvana kI durlabhatA ko samajhakara Atmahita ke lie ise eka apUrva avasara ke rUpa meM svIkAranA caahie| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM - 'jIvana kI durlabhatA ko, kyoM nahIM samajha rahe ho? marane ke bAda paraloka meM sambodhi kA milanA kaThina hai| jaise bItI huI rAteM phira lauTakara nahIM AtI, usI prakAra manuSya kA gujarA huA jIvana phira hAtha nahIM aataa| 107 isa prakAra kA cintana karane se samaya kA sarvottama sadupayoga karane kI abhipreraNA antas meM jAgrata hotI hai, jo kArya ke kuzala kriyAnvayana meM sahayogI banatI hai| (jha) dhairya - kArya ke samyak kriyAnvayana ke lie jAgarukatA, ekAgratA, dRr3hatA evaM sphUrti honI cAhie, lekina usameM jaldabAjI bilkula nahIM karanI caahie| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai - davadavassa na gacchejjA arthAt mArga meM jaldI-jaldI, tAbar3a-tor3a nahIM calanA caahie| 108 jaldabAjI karane se kaI bAra ekAgratA bhaMga ho jAtI hai, santulana bigar3a jAtA hai aura kAma meM gar3abar3I kA andezA rahatA hai| sAtha hI Atma-jAgRti kho jAtI hai evaM hiMsA, jhUTha, kapaTa, lAlaca Adi asAtvika vRttiyA~ bahuta zIghratA se bar3hatI haiN| ina saba kAraNoM se adhikAMzataH samaya kA apavyaya adhika hotA hai, isIlie John Heywood (1497-1580) ne kArya ke saphala sAmayika kriyAnvayana ke lie sAvadhAna karate hue kahA hai - 'Haste maketh waste' arthAt jaldabAjI se barbAdI hotI hai|109 28 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 210 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #281
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4.6.7 samaya kI barbAdI se bacanA (Avoid Time Wastage) uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra, asaMyama se nivRtti aura saMyama meM pravRtti karanI caahie| 110 Azaya yaha hai ki hameM sadaiva yaha bhAna honA cAhie ki hameM kyA karanA hai aura kyA nahIM karanA hai| isa sahI aura galata kA bheda karane meM samartha buddhi hI viveka kahalAtI hai| lakSya-prApti meM bAdhaka tattvoM aura unakI Asakti kA parityAga karanA 'asaMyama se nivRtti' hai tathA lakSya prApti meM sAdhaka tattvoM kA saMprayoga karanA 'saMyama meM pravRtti' hai| isase samaya kI bacata hotI hai aura ucita lakSya kI prApti ucita samaya para kI jA sakatI hai| phira bhI, na cAhate hue vyakti samaya naSTa karane vAle kArakoM ke bha~vara meM kucha isa prakAra se pha~sa jAtA hai ki usakA amUlya samaya yU~ hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| 11 samaya naSTa karane vAle kAraka (Time wasters)112 ___ samaya naSTa karane vAle kArakoM ko hama cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM - (ka) svayaM se jur3e kAraka (Time wasters related to self) (kha) pArivArika evaM sAmAjika kAraka (Time wasters related to family and society) (ga) vyavasAya sambandhI kAraka (Time wasters related to occupation) (gha) anya kAraka (Other time wasters) (ka) svayaM se jur3e kAraka samaya barbAda karane vAle kucha kAraka aise haiM, jinake lie pUrNatayA vyakti hI jimmedAra hotA hai| jIvana jIte hue hamAre vyaktitva meM kucha aisI visaMgatiyA~ ghara kara letI haiM, jisase hamAre jIvana kA amUlya samaya vyartha calA jAtA hai, jaise - 1) nakArAtmaka manaHsthiti - jaba manaHsthiti sakArAtmaka hotI hai, taba vyakti alpasamaya meM hI apanA kArya sampanna kara letA hai, kintu nakArAtmaka manaHsthiti vAlA vyakti sAmAnya kArya meM bhI anAvazyaka samaya kharca kara detA hai| mana kI adhIratA, asthiratA, caMcalatA, asantoSatA, vicalitatA, vikalatA, vyAkulatA evaM becainI kisI bhI kArya ko ucita DhaMga se evaM ucita samaya para pUrA nahIM hone detii| 211 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana 27 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #282
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1) smRti 2) 3) cintA 4 bhaya 5) nirAzA 6) zoka 7) 8) 9) kalpanA IrSyA Asakti dvaMdva 10) mithyAtva 30 nakArAtmaka manaHsthiti ke katipaya udAharaNa atIta ke anAvazyaka viSayoM ke smaraNa meM DUba jaanaa|. bhaviSya kI AdhArahIna kalpanA meM kho jAnA / anacAhI ghaTanA kahIM ghaTita na ho jAe, aisI anAvazyaka cintA karanA / bhaviSya ke sambhAvita nukasAna aura asurakSA se samasyA se jUjhane kA utsAha samApta ho jaanaa| anacAhI ghaTanA ke ghaTita hone para yaha nahIM honI thI', aise cintana se duHkhI honA / kisI ke Age bar3hane para usase dveSa karanA / DaranA / iMdriyoM ke viSayoM ke prati mugdha ho jAnA / AtmavizvAsa kI kamI se nirNaya nahIM kara paanaa| saMsAra ke yathArtha svarUpa se anabhijJa hone se jo satya hai, use asatya mAnanA aura jo asatya hai, use satya mAnanA, aisI vaibhAvika AtmadazA kA honA / __11) apekSA kI upekSA hone para uttejita honaa| 12 ) adhIratA samayocita phala kI prApti na hone para becaina honA / nakArAtmaka manaHsthiti ke uparyukta lakSaNoM se bacane ke lie sakArAtmaka soca kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| jainadarzana meM isa aMtaraMga - zuddhi kI prakriyA ko 'tapa' kahA gayA hai| sakArAtmaka soca ke mAdhyama se vyakti ke aMtaraMga vyaktitva kA vikAsa hotA hai aura vaha bar3I se bar3I samasyAoM meM bhI vicalita hue binA zAntipUrNa evaM tvarita samAdhAna khoja letA hai| (vizeSa : dekheM adhyAya 7 ) 2) ArAmapasanda yA AlasI prakRti vyakti kA sAmAnya svabhAva hotA hai ki usameM galata pravRttiyoM ko samaya se pUrva hI karane kI ruci rahatI hai, jabaki samyak pravRttiyoM ko ucita samaya para bhI karane kI mAnasikatA nahIM bana paatii| vaha acche kAryoM ko Aja ke bajAya kala para TAlane kA prayAsa karatA hai, kintu hameM yAda rakhanA cAhie ki jainadarzana ke anusAra, manuSya kI yaha pravRtti ucita nahIM hai| hameM galata pravRttiyoM ko tatkAla kriyAnvita karane se bacane kA aura samyak pravRttiyoM ko tatkAla karane kA prayatna karanA cAhie / Procrastination is the thief of time (pramAda samaya kA haraNa karane vAlA tattva hai / ) AlasI pravRtti vAle loga 'Aja aura abhI karo' vAle kArya ko 'kala yA kabhI bhI kara leMge' ke lie TAla kara bhale hI kucha samaya ke lie tanAva mukti ke bhrama meM raha leM, parantu vAstava meM ve apanA tanAva kA stara bar3hAte hI haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki 'varttamAna meM jo kSaNa upasthita hai, vahI mahattvapUrNa hai, ataH use saphala banAnA cAhie / ' ,113 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 212
Page #283
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM pramAdI prANI para kaTAkSa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisakI mRtyu ke sAtha mitratA ho, jo usase kahIM bhAga kara baca sakatA ho athavA jo yaha jAnatA ho ki vaha kabhI maregA hI nahIM, vahI kala para bharosA kara sakatA hai|14 isI prakAra karuNA dRSTi se kahA gayA hai - "jo karttavya kala karanA hai, vaha Aja hI kara lenA acchA hai| mRtyu atyanta nirdayI hai, yaha kaba A jAe, mAlUma nhiiN|'119 punazca Alasya ghara na kara jAe, isake lie sAvaceta karate hue kahate haiM - 'AlasI kI saMgati chor3a denI caahie|116 jise alpa jIvana meM adhikatama lAbha prApta karanA hai, use Alasya rUpI mahAroga ko dUra karanA Avazyaka hai| yAda rakhane yogya kahAvata hai - One today worth two tomorrows (Aja nahIM kiyA, to kala dugunA samaya lgegaa|) 3) asvasthatA (Ill-health) - asvastha vyakti kisI bhI kArya ko karane meM anAvazyaka samaya kharca karatA hai| asvasthatA ke kAraNa se usake sabhI kriyAkalApa bAra-bAra avaruddha hote haiN| usakA uThanA, baiThanA, calanA, khAnA, pInA, socanA, vicAranA, sonA Adi sabhI prabhAvita hote haiN| jainadarzana meM svastha zarIra ke lie AhAra-viveka ko atimahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| nizIthabhASya meM kahA bhI gayA hai - 'mokSa ke sAdhana jJAnAdi haiM, jJAnAdi kA sAdhana deha hai, deha kA sAdhana AhAra hai, ataH sAdhaka ko samayAnukUla AhAra karanA caahie|17 deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para AhAra kI zuddhatA, pauSTikatA, santulitatA, bhakSyatA, bArambAratA Adi kA vicAra karanA cAhie aura isake bAda hI AhAra grahaNa karanA caahie| spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko nizcita samaya para santoSa ke sAtha bhojana karanA cAhie (kAle bhoktA ca saamytH)| kintu yadi ajIrNAdi ho jAe, to unakI bAdhA dUra hone para hI bhojana karanA cAhie (ajIrNe bhojn-tyaagii)|118 sAtha hI rAtribhojana kA sarvathA tyAga karanA caahie| jJAtavya hai ki jainAcAryoM ke AhAra sambandhI sabhI nirdeza kevala AdhyAtmika dRSTi se hI nahIM, apitu zArIrika svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI AcaraNIya hai| inakA pAlana kara vyakti svastha rahakara apane kAryoM ko samaya para sampAdita kara sakatA hai aura samaya kI barbAdI se baca sakatA hai| (vizeSa : dekheM adhyAya 5) 4) AdateM (Habits) - kaI bAra vyakti akAraNa hI apanI galata AdatoM se apane amUlya samaya ko naSTa karatA rahatA hai, jinheM jainadarzana meM 'anartha-daNDa' kriyAe~ kahA jAtA hai| 'anartha-daNDa' kahane kA prayojana yaha hai ki ye kriyAe~ na kevala nirarthaka hotI haiM, balki vartamAna athavA bhaviSya meM hameM nukasAnadAyI (daNDarUpa) siddha hotI haiN|119 jainakathAnakoM meM ilAyacI kumAra kA ullekha milatA hai, jo gRhasthAvasthA meM seTha ke putra hone ke bAvajUda apanI viSaya-sukha kI AsaktivazAt rUpAlI naTakanyA ke mohapAza meM pha~sa gae aura apanA kAphI samaya barbAda kara diyaa|120 kahA bhI gayA hai - 213 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana 37 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #284
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ svakRteSu vilambante viSayAsakta cetasaH / kSipramakriyamANeSu, teSu teSAM na ttphlm|| arthAt viSayoM meM Asakta purUSa apane Avazyaka kAryoM meM vilamba kara dete haiM, jisase unheM kArya kA upayukta phala prApta nahIM hotaa|21 galata AdatoM ke katipaya udAharaNa 1) akAraNa subaha derI se utthnaa| 2) snAna ke lie pratidina 10-15 mi. garma pAnI kA intajAra krnaa| 3) bAtha Taba athavA zaoNvara meM nahAnA, jisameM samaya aura jala kA apavyaya adhika hotA hai| 4) jo snAna 5-7 mi. meM ho sakatA hai, usameM sAbuna, zaimpU, pAnI kA adhika prayoga karate hue 20-25 mi. kharca krnaa| 5) subaha uThane ke bAda 'beDa TI' pIne kI Adata honA, jisake kAraNa uThane ke bAda palaMga chor3ane meM lagabhaga AdhA ghaNTA kharca ho jAtA hai| 6) zaucAlaya jAne ke lie upayukta hAjata (dabAva, Pressure) kI taiyArI karane ke lie kaI prayoga karanA, jaise - tambAkU, sigareTa, cAya, dUdha, nasa (tapakIra) aadi| dhIre-dhIre inakI Adata par3a jAne para pratidina 15-20 mi. naSTa ho jAte haiN| 7) subaha-subaha klaba meM khelanA , jimneziyama meM kasarata karanA, pArka meM TahalanA, yoga-keMdra meM yogA karanA ityaadi| ye kArya zarIra kI phiTanesa ke lie Avazyaka ho sakate haiM, parantu yadi devadarzana, satsaMga, pratikramaNa, dAna Adi ke lie paidala jAyA jAe, to eka hI samaya meM AtmA aura zarIra donoM kA hita sAdhA jA sakatA hai| 8) subaha-subaha mitroM ke janmadina, vivAha kI varSagA~Tha Adi kI badhAI dene meM samaya kA phijUla kharca karanA, jabaki ye kArya to dinabhara meM prApta phurasata ke kSaNoM meM bhI sambhava haiN| 9) braza yA zeviMga karate hue gIta gunagunAnA, darpaNa meM svayaM ko nihArate rahanA aura isa prakAra jisa kArya meM kevala 5-7 mi. lagane cAhie, usameM 15-20 mi. kharca krnaa| 10) anya anupayogI kAryoM meM samaya kA anAvazyaka kharca krnaa| 11) hara cIja kI meciMga karane kA bhUtasavAra honA, jisameM kAphI samaya naSTa hotA hai, jaise - kapar3e, belTa, rumAla, moje, jUte, brIphakesa , kAra Adi / 12) snAna ke pazcAt kA~ca, tela, kaMghI ke atirikta kaI prakAra ke samayanAzaka kaoNsmeTiksa, jaise - paraphyUmsa, pAuDara, lipasTika, nelapaoNliza Adi kA prayoga krnaa| 13) pepara Adi par3hane meM adhika samaya naSTa krnaa| 14) vastuvizeSa ko rakhakara bhUla jAnA aura AvazyakatA par3ane para DhU~Dhate rhnaa| 15) pAnI, pArkiMga, kacarA Adi kI samasyA ko lekara par3ausI Adi se Ae dina jhgdd'naa| 32 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 214 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #285
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 16) sabjIvAle, rikSevAle, saphAI karmacArI, rAzanavAle Adi se choTI-choTI rakama ke lie khUba lambe samaya taka bhAva-tAva (Bargaining) krnaa| 17) nAzte aura bhojana ke menU (Menu) banAne ke vicAra-vimarza meM samaya naSTa krnaa| 18) AhAra meM pratidina sAmagriyoM kI atyadhika vividhatA kI cAha honaa| 19) baccoM aura pati ko bAra-bAra uThAne kA prayAsa karanA , phira bhI unakA na utthnaa| 20) parivAra meM pratidina kleza aura kalaha krnaa| 21) kisI tIsare vyakti kI AlocanA, nindA athavA cugalI karanA, jisameM svayaM aura sAmane maujUda vyakti donoM ke samaya kI barbAdI ho| 22) kaI kArya eka sAtha karanA, lekina kisI bhI kArya ko pUrA nahIM krnaa| 23) mobAIla athavA dUrabhASa kA durupayoga karanA, jaise - anAvazyaka phoTo khIMcanA, SMS bhejanA, gemsa khelanA, gAne sunanA, ativArtA karanA aadi| 24) kampyUTara kA durupayoga karanA, jaise - iMTaraneTa para gemsa khelanA, ceTiMga karanA, myujika sunanA, __riMga-Tona DhU~DhanA, skrIna sevara DhU~DhanA , azlIla citra dekhanA aadi| 25) choTI-choTI bAtoM ko bar3hA-car3hAkara prastuta krnaa| 26) apane sahavartiyoM, anuvatiyoM, adhikAriyoM, grAhakoM athavA naukaroM ke sAtha asabhya , aziSTa aura apazabdayukta vANI kA prayoga karanA, jisase choTI-choTI bAtoM para bhI lambI-lambI bahasa ho| 27) bAta-bAta meM hAsya karanA, jisase manoraMjana adhika aura kAma kama ho| 28) samAcArapatra, upanyAsa, patrikAe~ Adi kA anAvazyaka prayoga krnaa| 29) manoraMjana ke nimitta adhika yAtrAe~ karanA evaM ina yAtrAoM meM yU~ hI gapazapa Adi meM samaya bitaanaa| 30) bAra-bAra kharIdadArI karanA evaM usameM DijAina Adi ke cunAva meM vyartha samaya naSTa krnaa| 31) bAra-bAra ghara kI saphAI krnaa| 32) hara kArya meM sajAvaTa (Decoration) ke lie adhika samaya denaa| 33) bAra-bAra hoTaloM meM jaanaa| 34) vaivAhika evaM anya vyAvahArika kAryakramoM meM anivArya rUpa se jAnA aura unameM pUre samaya apanI upasthiti denaa| 35) zAma ko derI se bhojana karanA aura phira tthlnaa| 36) dUradarzana kA durupayoga krnaa| 37) sapta vyasana kI Adata par3anA, jo isa prakAra haiM 1) zikAra 2) juA 3) corI 4) mAMsabhakSaNa 5) madyapAna 6) vezyAgamana 7) parastrIgamana 38) zAma ko bhojana karake caurAhe athavA caupAla para gapazapa krnaa| ___39) grAhakoM ko rijhAne ke lie unase deza aura rAjanIti kI anAvazyaka carcA krnaa| 215 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana 33 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #286
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 40) atIta kI ghaTanAoM ko bAra-bAra yAda karanA aura logoM ko sunAnA / 41) roja samAcArapatra athavA TI.vI. meM bhaviSyaphala Adi dekhanA / 42) krikeTa maica Adi dekhane meM ghaNToM bitAnA / 43) mehamAnoM kI khUba acchI khAtiradArI ho, isa vicAra meM vyartha samaya naSTa karanA / 44) kAma ke bIca-bIca meM cAya, sigareTa Adi pInA / 45) zAma ko bAjAra meM ghUmane-phirane jAnA, vibhinna prakAra ke cATa Adi khAnA ityAdi / (kha) pArivArika evaM sAmAjika kAraka 122 1) Agantuka (Visitors) - parivAra meM koI aise mehamAna Ate haiM, jo binA kisI pUrva sUcanA ke evaM binA kisI Thosa uddezya ke anizcita kAla ke lie kisI bhI samaya A jAte haiM / prAyaH ye arthahIna vArtA karane meM apanA evaM dUsaroM kA samaya naSTa karate haiM, ataH samajhadAra samaya-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha inakI nirarthaka bAtoM meM ruci na dikhAkara unheM zIghratA se vidA kara de / 2) mitragaNa (Friends) kucha mitra aise hote haiM, jo nirarthaka bAtoM evaM anAvazyaka kAryoM meM svayaM kA aura dUsaroM kA samaya naSTa karate haiM, ataH samaya-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki aise mitroM evaM inake sAtha bAtacIta karane meM satarka evaM sAvadhAna rhe| 3) anuzAsanahInatA (Indiscipline ) parivAra evaM samAja meM aksara anuzAsanAtmaka vyavahAra kI kamI hotI hai, jisase koI bhI kArya na nirdhArita samaya para prArambha ho pAtA hai aura na nirdhArita samaya para smaapt| isase samaya kI atirikta barbAdI hotI hai, ataH hameM cAhie ki samaya kA durupayoga rokane ke lie upAya khojeM / 1 4) avyavasthAe~ (Disorder) parivAra aura samAja meM kaI prakAra ke rIti-rivAja cala rahe haiM, jo andhavizvAsa evaM andharUr3hiyoM para AdhArita haiM / inakA koI vaijJAnika yA tAttvika AdhAra nahIM hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki binA prayojana vAle AyojanoM kI bAr3ha sI A gaI hai| ina avyavasthAoM meM bahuta-sA samaya kharca ho jAtA hai, ataH inase bacane ke upAya khojane cAhie / 5 ) nirarthaka goSThiyA~ kaI bAra choTI-choTI bAtoM ko lekara goSThiyA~ Ayojita kI jAtI haiM, lekina unameM bhI eka- dUsare kA ahaM TakarAtA hai / vaicArika saMgharSa vivAda kA rUpa le letA hai| samAdhAna ke abhAva meM tanAva aura kalaha bar3hate haiM, sAtha hI pArivArika evaM sAmAjika pragati kA uddezya bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| 34 6) anAvazyaka AlocanAtmaka baiThakeM parivAra aura samAja meM sabase bar3I samasyA hai eka-dUsare para kaTAkSa krnaa| adhikAMza loga sRjanAtmaka evaM racanAtmaka kAryoM meM apane samaya kA sadupayoga karane ke bajAya dUsaroM kI burAiyA~ karane aura unheM nIcA dikhAne meM hI apanA samaya naSTa karate haiN| hameM cAhie ki aisI bAtoM se dUra raheM, jisase samaya ko bacAyA jA sake / jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva - - For Personal & Private Use Only 216
Page #287
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (ga) vyAvasAyika kAraka123 1) anAvazyaka baiThakeM (Unnecessary Meetings) - vyAvasAyika kSetroM meM eka hI prakaraNa ko lekara kaI bAra anAvazyaka baiThakeM hotI haiM aura cAya-pAnI, nAzte evaM gappe mArane meM hI sampanna ho jAtI haiN| kaI baiThakeM to mAtra dikhAne ke lie aura khAnApUrti ke lie hotI haiN| 2) dUrabhASa yantroM evaM kampyUTara kA durupayoga (Misuse of Telephone & Computer Instruments) - Ajakala dUrabhASa, mobAIla, kampyUTara-ceTiMga, I-mela, iMTaraneTa, phaiksa Adi kA durupayoga bar3hatA jA rahA hai| choTI-choTI aura nirarthaka bAtoM ke lie bhI inakA upayoga kiyA jA rahA hai| sastI saMcAra sevA se upabhoktA-varga bhale hI dhana bacA rahA ho, lekina apanA amUlya samaya naSTa kara rahA hai| mahAtmA gA~dhI kA kahanA hai ki AdamI agara nikammI bAta chor3e aura kAma kI bAta thor3e se thor3e zabdoM meM kaheM, to vaha apanA evaM dUsaroM kA bahuta samaya bacA sakatA hai|124 3) aspaSTa saMpreSaNa (Unclear Communication) - vyavasAya meM Adeza, nirdeza, parAmarza, vimarza Adi karane kI bArambAra AvazyakatA par3atI hai| inameM spaSTatA nahIM hone se sAmane vAle ko ThIka DhaMga se bAta samajha meM nahIM aatii| isa prakAra ke aspaSTa saMpreSaNa meM anAvazyaka rUpa se samaya naSTa hotA rahatA hai| 4) 'nA' kahane meM akSamatA (Unable to say 'No') - kaI bAra vyakti ziSTAcAravaza yA saMkocavaza una kAryoM ke lie bhI 'nA' nahIM kaha pAte, jinako karane meM ve akSama hote haiN| isase samaya bhI adhika kharca karanA par3atA hai aura phira bhI kaI bAra kArya pUrA nahIM ho paataa| 5) sahakarmI (Co-workers) - kAryAlayoM meM kaI bAra sahakarmI bhI samaya bacAne ke bajAya samaya ga~vAne meM sahAyaka ho jAte haiN| kArya samaya meM bhI gappe mAranA, ha~sI-ThiTholI karanA, anAvazyaka bAteM karanA, bAra-bAra cAya-pAnI karanA Adi samaya barbAdI ke mukhya kAraNa bana jAte haiN| kaI karmacArI svaMya bhI aprabandhita hote haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI sucAru rUpa se kArya nahIM karane dete haiN| 6) kAryadazAe~ (Working Conditions) - kAryAlaya meM sahI kAryadazAoM ke abhAva meM bhI samaya yU~ hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, jaise - prakAza kI samucita vyavasthA na honA, tApamAna sahI nahIM honA, sahI upakaraNoM kA abhAva honA, baiThane-calane, khAne-pIne Adi kI sahI vyavasthA nahIM honA ityaadi| (gha) anya kAraka (Other Time Wasters)125 1) yAtAyAta sAdhanoM kA sahI nahIM honA - parivahana sAdhanoM ke bAra-bAra kharAba hone, yAtAyAta sevAoM meM cAlaka Adi ke dvArA lAparavAhI baratane Adi se bhI samaya naSTa hotA hai| 2) buniyAdI AvazyakatAoM kI avyavasthA - bijalI, pAnI, sar3aka Adi kI avyavasthA se bhI bahuta-sA samaya naSTa ho jAtA hai| 217 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana 35 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #288
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3) pratIkSA karanA - kaI bAra loga milane kA samaya dekara bhI samaya nikAla nahIM pAte haiM, isase pratIkSArata vyakti kA bahuta samaya naSTa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, jainadarzana kI dRSTi meM, samaya barbAda karane vAle cAra prakAra ke kArakoM se hara vyakti prabhAvita hotA rahatA hai, kintu jo vyakti Atmika-zAnti aura Atmika-Ananda kI prApti ke lie apramatta yA sajaga rahatA hai, vaha ina saba anAvazyaka kArakoM se svayaM ko bacAtA jAtA hai aura apane jIvana ko 'dharma' aura 'adhyAtma' kI ora mor3atA jAtA hai| vaha isa yuga meM bhI bhakti, svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi ke lie apanI bhUmikAnusAra ucita samaya nikAla hI letA hai| . 4.6.8 samyak niyantraNa yA saMyama kI vRtti honA (Right Control) samaya-prabandhana kA antima, lekina atyanta mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai - kArya para ucita niyantraNa ho, jisase kama se kama samaya meM adhikatama kArya kiyA jA ske| jaise gAr3I meM breka kA mahattva hai, vaise hI jIvana meM niyantraNa kI AvazyakatA hai| isa siddhAnta kA sIdhA sambandha jIvana ke anubhavoM kA upayoga karane se hai| pratyeka kArya ko karane meM hameM cAhie ki hama samaya ke sApekSa svayaM kA nirIkSaNa aura parIkSaNa kreN| hama dekheM ki kArya ko pUrNa karane meM samaya kA apavyaya kahA~-kahA~ huA hai| hama pakSapAtarahita hokara svayaM kI kamajoriyoM kA vizleSaNa kareM, unheM svIkAra kareM aura unameM sudhAra kreN| ise hama nimna udAharaNa se samajha sakate haiM - kalpanA kareM ki dillI zahara meM rAhula nAma kA eka kizora bArahavIM kakSA meM par3hatA hai| madhyamavargIya parivAra meM palA-bar3hA rAhula sAmAnya pratibhA kA dhanI hai aura prativarSa ausatana 65-70 pratizata aMka hI lA pAtA hai| ikalautA putra hone se mAtA-pitA ko usase khUba ummIdeM haiM, lekina unheM mAlUma hai ki rAhula kI TI.vI. para krikeTa maica, philmsa, gAne, sIriyalsa Adi dekhane kI AdateM haiN| idhara rAhula ko mahasUsa hI nahIM hotA ki TI.vI. dekhane meM usakA samaya naSTa hotA hai, balki vaha yaha mAnatA hai - "yaha to manoraMjana ke sAdhana haiM, jinakA upayoga pUrI duniyA karatI hai, phira maiM kyoM na karU~?" Aie, hama isake pariNAma kA nirIkSaNa, parIkSaNa aura vizleSaNa kareM - kalpanA kareM ki rAhula ke pAsa pratidina bAraha kArya-ghaNTe (Working hours) haiM, jinameM se vaha ausatana eka ghaNTA TI.vI. dekhatA hai - 1 dina meM samaya kI barbAdI = 1 ghaNTA, 1 mAha meM samaya kI barbAdI = 30 ghaNTe , 1 varSa meM samaya kI barbAdI = 360 ghaNTe (lagabhaga) cU~ki eka dina meM bAraha ghaNTe hI kArya ke lie haiM, ataH 12 ghaNTe = 1 kArya-dina (Working day) 36 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 218 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #289
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1 ghaNTA = 1/12 kArya-dina, 360 ghaNTe = 1 / 12 x 360 = 30 kArya-dina, 30 kArya-dina = 1 mAha yadi jIvana meM 60 varSa taka vaha TI.vI. dekhatA hai, to kula nukasAna 1 x 60 = 60 mAha = 5 varSa vizleSaNa karane para hamAre sAmane pariNAma AtA hai ki sirpha 1 ghaNTe kA sastA manoraMjana bhI rAhula ke jIvana ke 5 mahattvapUrNa varSoM kA lambA samaya barbAda kara detA hai| itanA hI nahIM, isa manoraMjana se usake saMskAra bigar3ate haiM, jisakA prabhAva usake svayaM ke vyaktitva para par3atA hai aura sAtha hI usake parivAra para bhI / isake atirikta usakI mastiSkIya zakti kA apavyaya bhI hotA hai, usakI smaraNa zakti, sRjanAtmaka zakti Adi niSkriya hotI haiM ityAdi / yadi vaha isa eka ghaNTe kA prayoga 'satsaMga' aura 'dhyAna' ke lie kare, to nimna lAbha prApta hoMge - mAnasika vizrAma (Mental relaxation) ekAgratA (Concentration) sakArAtmaka soca (Positive attitude) naitika jIvana-mUlyoM kA vikAsa ( Development of ethical values of life) jIvana-mukti kA mArga (The way of salvation) jaba rAhula ne isa prakAra kA vizleSaNa kiyA, kamajorI ko svIkAra kiyA aura Atma-sudhAra kA saMkalpa kiyA, taba sacamuca saphalatA usake kadama cUmane lgii| bArahavIM kakSA meM ekAgratA Adi mAnasika UrjA meM abhivRddhi hone se usakA pariNAma bahuta acchA rhaa| itanA hI nahIM, laukika aura AdhyAtmika donoM hI kSetroM meM usakA santulita vikAsa hotA rahA aura vaha jIvana meM eka acchA sAdhaka bana gyaa| 219 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 37
Page #290
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4.7 niSkarSa ___ vyakti kI pragati meM samaya-prabandhana kA bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, kyoMki kArya kI niSpatti aura saphalatA kI prApti samaya sApekSa hI hotI hai| vartamAna yuga meM pratyeka vyakti saphalatA to cAhatA hai, kintu samaya kA samyak niyojana na kara pAne se usakA jIvana nirarthaka ho jAtA hai, ataH vartamAna yuga kI jvalanta AvazyakatA hai - smy-prbndhn| jainadarzana meM 'samaya' zabda kA prayoga aneka arthoM meM kiyA gayA hai, jaise - AtmA, vizva, kAla, kAla kI sUkSmatama ikAI, dArzanika mata evaM vyavahAra-kAla (dainaMdina jIvana meM sekaNDa, miniTa, ghaNTA, dina, saptAha Adi ke rUpa meM prayukta smy)| prastuta adhyAya meM 'vyavahAra-kAla' ke rUpa meM 'samaya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| _ 'samaya' ko dekhA to nahIM jA sakatA, kintu isakA anubhava sabhI karate haiN| yaha pUrva-jIvana meM bA~dhe hue (saMcita) Ayukarma ke anusAra niyata avadhi ke lie sabhI ko milatA hai| isake avirala pravAha ko lezamAtra bhI kama-jyAdA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yahA~ taka kI jIvana kA jo samaya bIta jAtA hai, use punaH lauTAyA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| samaya to sabhI ko milatA hai, kintu koI isakA prayoga sakArAtmaka kAryoM meM karatA hai, to koI nakArAtmaka kAryoM meN| vastutaH, samaya-prabandhana kA lakSya yahI hai ki vyakti samaya kI ina vizeSatAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara samayAnukUla jIne kA prayatna kre| samaya kI mahattA bhUtakAla meM thI, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rhegii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isIlie samayamAtra kA bhI pramAda nahIM karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| unhoMne svayaM sAr3he bAraha varSa taka Atma-sAdhanA kara Atma-vikAsa kI carama avasthA kI prApti kii| unake anuyAyI aneka mahApurUSoM ne bhI samaya ke mahattva ko samajhakara jIvana kA sadupayoga kiyaa| vartamAna yuga meM bhI eka Ama AdamI nyUnatama samaya meM adhikatama kArya pUrNa karane meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai aura isIlie mAnava ne vijJAna aura takanIkI vikAsa dvArA tvarita gati se kArya karane vAle aneka upakaraNoM kA AviSkAra kiyA hai, jo eka pala ke atisUkSma aMza meM kArya karane meM bhI sakSama yadyapi mAnava samaya se bhI adhika teja gati se daur3anA cAhatA hai, phira bhI samyak samaya-prabandhana kI kalA na jAna pAne se vaha caMcalatA, adhIratA aura jaldabAjI ko hI samaya-prabandhana kA Avazyaka aMga mAna baiThA hai| adhikAMza logoM ke jIvana meM samaya ke samyak niyojana kA abhAva hai| isase eka ora unakA kAryabhAra bar3ha rahA hai, to dUsarI ora zArIrika aura mAnasika svAsthya bigar3a rahA hai| samayocita kArya na kara pAne se unake jIvana ke aneka mahattvapUrNa pakSoM kI upekSA ho rahI hai, jisake kAraNa unheM pachatAnA bhI par3a rahA hai| ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha nirdeza atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai ki jo kArya jisa 38 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 220 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #291
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samaya para karane yogya hai, use usI samaya para karanA cAhie - kAle kAlaM smaayre| ise hI samaya-prabandhana kahate haiN| jainaAcAramImAMsA meM samaya-prabandhana ke do pakSa batAe gae haiM - saiddhAntika evaM praayogik| saiddhAntika pakSa ke mAdhyama se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki samaya-prabandhana kI AvazyakatA kyoM hai? vastutaH, jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM, mAnava-jIvana sarvazreSTha aura atidurlabha hai| isake sImita samaya kA samyak upayoga nahIM kiyA, to yaha mahAsamudra ko tairakara kinAre para DUbane jaisA hai| saiddhAntika pakSa ke mAdhyama se yaha mArgadarzana bhI milatA hai ki samaya-prabandhana ke Azaya ko bhinna-bhinna tarIkoM se samajhA jA sakatA hai, jaise - ucita samaya para ucita kArya karanA, nyUnatama samaya meM adhikatama lAbha prApta karanA evaM vartamAna kSaNa kA sarvottama upayoga krnaa| samaya-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa ko jIvana-prayoga meM lAnA bhI nitAnta Avazyaka hai| isa hetu vyakti ko vividha kArya karanA cAhie, jaise - sahI uddezya kA nirmANa, sahI lakSyoM evaM nItiyoM kA nirmANa, sahI kAryasUcI banAnA, sahI samaya-sAraNI banAnA, ucita vyakti ko ucita kArya sauMpanA, kArya kA sahI kriyAnvayana karanA, samaya kI barbAdI se bacanA evaM kAryoM para samyak niyantraNa krnaa| isa prakAra, jainaAcAramImAMsA para AdhArita samaya-prabandhana ke siddhAntoM kA prayoga kara vyakti mAnava-jIvana ke dhyeya kI prApti karane meM saphala ho sakatA hai| =====< >===== 221 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana 39 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #292
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pU.kra. 4.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| prazna uttara sandarbha vikalpa- alpa-0 ThIka-OM acchA-3 bahuta acchA-@ pUrNa-7 1) kyA Apa samaya ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? 2) kyA Apa jIvana meM samaya ko mahattva dete haiM? 3) kyA Apa samaya-aprabandhana ke duSpariNAmoM ko jAnate haiM? ASANSAMPARES82 4) kyA Apane apane alpajIvana meM kucha upalabdhiyA~ prApta kI haiM? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcita- kabhI-kabhI-9 aksara- 0 hamezA- E 5) kyA Apa ucita samaya para ucita kArya karate haiM? 8) kyA Apa nyUnatama samaya meM adhikatama lAbha prApta karate haiM? HARASHTRARANEAR 113 7) kyA Apa vartamAna kSaNa kA sarvottama sadupayoga karate haiM? 10 11 14 9) kyA Apako lakSya kI spaSTatA rahatI hai? 110) kyA Apako lakSya prApti meM samayabaddhatA rahatI hai| 11) kyA Apa kSamatA aura lakSya kA santulana rakhate haiM? 16 13) kyA Apa mahattvapUrNa kAryoM ko prAthamikatA dete haiM? 18 15) kyA Apa samaya-sAraNI ke anusAra calate haiM? 19 T T20 17) kyA Apa ucita vyakti ko ucita kArya sauMpate haiM? 18) kyA Apa saci se kArya karate haiM? -NE ERINEE 19) kyA Apa samaya-prabaddha (Punctual) haiM? 120) kyA Apa vastu ko niyata sthAna para rakhate haiM? 21) kyA Apa jaldabAjI ke bajAya dhairya rakhate haiM? 22) kyA Apa nakArAtmaka manaHsthiti se hone vAlI samaya kii| 23) kyA Apa ArAmapasanda yA galata AdatoM se hone vAlI samaya barbAdI se bacate haiM? 24) kyA Apa asvasthatA se hone vAlI samaya barbAdI se bacate haiM? 25) kyA anAvazyaka vArtA evaM pratIkSA karane se hone vAlI samaya-barbAdI se bacate haiM? 28 29 35 MORE 500-250 26-50 51-75 76--1004101-125 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara alpatama jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 222 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #293
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 1 sva-prabandhana meM jIvanavijJAna (ema.e. pustaka), pR. 145 2 nayAmAnava nayAvizva, A. mahAprajJa, pR. 83 3 sva-prabandhana meM jIvanavijJAna (ema.e. pustaka), pR. 151. 4 paliyaMta maNuANa jIviyaM sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/2/1/10 accae / 5 dumapattae paMDuyae jahA nivaDai rAigaNANa evaM maNuyANa jIviyaM samayaM goyama! mA pamAyae / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 10/1 6 nadi-grahi pacAdibhyo muNinyacaH 7 paMcAstikAya, 3 8 samayasAra, pR. 2 9 tiloyapaNNatti 4/ 288 10 vahI, 4 / 285 11 vahI, 4 / 287 12 samaya ApakI muTThI meM, DaoN. vijaya agravAla, pR. 19 13 jainadharma jIvanadharma, karnala dalapata siMha bayA, pR. 213 14 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, aSTAdhyAyI maharSipANinI 3/1/134 khaM. 1, pR. 5 15 vahI, khaM. 1, pR. 9 16 jaM jArisa puvyamakAsi kammaM tameva Agacchati saMparAe sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/5/2/23 17 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, kha. 1, pR. 10 18 vao acceti jovvaNaM ca - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/1/4 19 jIvanapAtheya, sAdhvIyugalanidhIkRpA, pR. 111 se uddhRta 20 samaya ApakI muTThI meM, DaoN.vijaya agravAla, pR. 20 21 No hUvaNamaMti rAiyo, no sulabhaM puNarAvi jIviyaM sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/2/1/1 22 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, khaM. 1, pR. 8 23 jahA junnAI kaTThAI havvavAho pamatthai evaM attasamAhie aNi AcArAMga 1/4/3/2 24 varttanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya - * tattvArthasUtra, 5 / 22 25 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, khaM. 1, pR. 5 26 aNabhikkata ca vayaM saMpehAe, khaNaM jANAhi paMDie / AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/1/8,9 -- 223 - 27 kusagge jaha osabiMdue, thovaM ciTThai evaM maNuyANa jIviyaM samayaM goyama! mA uttarAdhyayanasUtra 10/2 28 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, khaM. 2, pR. 36 29 vahI, khaM. 1, pR. 11 30 vahI, pR. 7 31 vahI, pR. 5 32 jIvana kI muskAna (dvitIya mahApuSpa), DaoN. priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 30 33 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/31 34 prekSAdhyAna (patrikA), janavarI, 2007, pR. 4 35 tiNNo hu si aNNavaM mahaM kiM puNa cihnasi tIramAgao? abhitura pAraM gamittae, samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 10/34 36 AcArAMgasUtra 1/3/3/6 37 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9 / 35 38 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, khaM. 2, pR. 33 39 kAle kAlaM samAyare uttarAdhyayanasUtra 1/31 40 kalpasUtra, A.AnaMdasAgarajI ma.sA., chaThI vA~canA, pR. 347-348 41 vahI sAtavIM bA~canA, pR. 397 42 vahI, pA~cavIM vA~canA, pR. 242 43 vahI, pA~cavIM vA~canA, pR. 257-258 44 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, khaM. 2, pR. 31 45 jaM aNNANI kammaM khavedi bhavasaya taM vANI tihiM gutto, khavedi pravacanasAra, 238 seNe jaha vaTTayaM hare, evaM sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/2/1/2 46 - - 47 iNameva khaNaM viyANiyA / laMbamANae / pamAyae / / khaM. 2, pR. 77 52 Avazyakaniryukti 1156 53 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 10/1 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana vahI, 1/2/3/19 48 jIvana kI muskAna (dvitIya mahApuSpa), DaoN. priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 29 49 samaya ApakI muTThI meM, DaoN vijaya agravAla, pR. 200 50 vIraprabhu ke vacana, ramaNalAla cI. zAha, 1/1/1 51 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, For Personal & Private Use Only sahassa- koDIhiM / ussAya meleNaM / / Aukhayammi tutI / 41
Page #294
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 54 vAcanApracchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezAH taiyAe niddamokkhaM tu cautthI bhujjo vi sajjhAyaM / / - tattvArthasUtra, 9/25 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/12, 18 55 Management : Task, Responsibilities & Practices, 74 vahI, AtmArAmajI mahArAja, 1/31 Peter F. Drucker, p.114 75 pravacanasAra, 1/7 56 vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para 76 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/163 57 jahA sUI sasuttA paDiyA vi na vinnssi| 77 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, tahA jIve sasutte saMsAre na viNassai / / khaM, 3, pR. 119 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29/60 78 nayAmAnava nayAvizva, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 88 58 (ka) svAmI vivekAnanda, vinoda, pR. 40 79 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 5/1/124, 125 (kha) vIra putriyA~, prANanAtha vAnaprasthI, pR. 29 80 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 2, pR. 4 (ga) saradAra bhagatasiMha, prANanAtha vAnaprasthI, pR. 11 81 ege ahamaMsi; na me asthi koi, na yAhamavi kassa vi - (gha) candrazekhara AjAda, prANanAtha vAnaprasthI, pR. 9 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/8/6/1 (Da) subhASacaMdra bosa, prANanAtha vAnaprasthI, pR. 4 82 parasparopagraho jIvAnAm - tattvArthasUtra, 5/21 (ca) zrImadrAjacandra, anuvAdaka kA namranivedana, pR. 19 83 uppannaM nAihIlejjA - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 5/1/130 59 cattAri paramaMgANi, dullahANIha jntnno| 84 kalpasUtra, AnandasAgarasUrijI, sAtavIM vAcanA, pR. 386 ___mANusattaM suI saddhA, saMjamammi ya vIriyaM / / 85 bRhatkalpabhASya, 4584 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 3/1 86 nayAmAnava nayAvizva, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 99 60 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, 87 vahI, pR. 98 khaM. 4, pR. 167 88 dharmabindu, 1/4-58 61 vahI, pR. 143 89 mAnAdika zatru mahA, nija chaMde na mraay| 62 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 2, pR. 6 jAtA sadguru zaraNamA, alpa prayAse jaay|| 63 amolasUktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, 28/2 - zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 18, 64 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, pR. 542 khaM.4, pR. 165 90 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/9 65 dharmabindu, 1/52 91 jJAtAdharmakathA, a.7 66 jo puvvarattAvaratta kAle, saMpehae appgmppennN| 92 jaha makkaDao khaNamavi majjhattho acchiuM na skkei| kiM meM kaDaM, kiM ca meM kiccasesaM, kiM sakkaNijjaM na taha khaNamavi majjhattho, visaehiM viNA na hoi mnno|| samAyarAmi? - dazavaikAlikacUlikA, 2/12 - bhaktaparijJA, 84 67 jAgarti ko vA? sadasadvivekI 93 nayAmAnava nayAvizva, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 176 - amolasUktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, 20/3 94 alaM kusalassa pamAeNaM - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/4/3 68 kalpasUtra, A.AnandasAgarajI ma. sA., sAtavIM vA~canA, pR. 95 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 63 400-401 96 ghorA muhuttA abalaM sarIraM, bhAraMDapakkhI va care'ppamatto 69 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 4/6 khaM.4, pR. 151 97 zrImaddevacaMdra, vartamAna caubIsI, 9/6 70 na savva savvatthamiroyaejjA 98 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 21/15 khaM. 4, pR. 201 71 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla 99 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/31 khaM. 3, pR. 117 100 dazavaikAlikasUtra, muni nathamala, 5/2/4/8-9 72 vIraprabhu ke vacana, 1, ramaNalAla cI. zAha, a. 1, pR. 1 ___101 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, 73 paDhamaM porisiM sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyaayii| khaM. 3, pR. 110 taiyAe bhikkhAyariyaM puNo cautthIe sjjhaayN|| 102 muktivaibhava, trizalAdevI koThArI, pR. 252 paDhama porisiM sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyaayii| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 42 224 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #295
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 125 sva-prabandhana meM jIvanavijJAna (ema.e.pustaka) a. 10, pR. 149 103 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, pR. 113 104 vahI, pR. 114 105 hiMsA'nRtasteyA'brahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam ___ - tattvArthasUtra, 7/1 106 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/48 107 saMbujjhaha, kiM na bujjhaha'saMbohI khalu pecca dullhaa| ___No hUvaNamaMti rAiyo, No sulabhaM puNarAvi jIviyaM / / - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/2/1/1 108 davadavassa na gacchejjA - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 5/1/14 109 sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa, rAdhAramaNa agravAla, khaM. 3. pa. 67 110 asaMjame niyattiM ca, saMjame ya pvttnnN| __ - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 31/2 111 sva-prabandhana meM jIvanavijJAna (ema.e.pustaka) a. 10, pR. 146 112 vahI, pR. 146 113 iNameva khaNaM viyaanniyaa| - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/2/3/19 114 jassatthi maccuNA sakkhaM, jassa va'tthi palAyaNaM / jo jANe na marissAmi, so hu kaMkhe sue siyaa|| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/27 115 jaM kallaM kAyavvaM, NareNa ajjeva taM varaM kaauN| maccU akaluNahia o, na hu dIsai AvayaMto vi|| ___ - bRhadbhASya, 4674 116 alasa aNubaddhaveraM, sacchaMdamatI pyhiyvyo| - vyavahArabhASya, 249 117 mokkhapasAhaNa hetU, NANAdi tappasAhaNo deho| dehaTThA AhAro, teNa tu kAlo annunnnnaato|| - nizIthabhASya, 4159 118 yogazAstra, 1/52 119 tattvArthasUtra, 7/16 120 jinazAsana ke camake hIre, varajIvanadAsa vADIlAla zAha, 38, pR. 78 121 nItivAkyAmRta, pR. 53 122 sva-prabandhana meM jIvanavijJAna (ema.e.pustaka) a. 10, pR. 147 123 vahI, pR. 148 124 bApU ke AzIrvAda, pR. 214 (hindIsUkti-sandarbhakoza, maho. candraprabhasAgara, pR. 299 se uddhRta) 225 adhyAya 4: samaya-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #296
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #297
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 5 zarIra pabandhana BODY MANAGEMENT For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #298
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #299
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 5 zarIra-prabandhana (Body Management) Page No. Chap. Cont. 227 242 246 246 249 251 253 254 255 255 256 257 258 259 259 5.1 zarIra kA svarUpa 5.2 zarIra kA mahattva 5.3 zarIra sambandhI aprabandhana yA prabandhana ke duSpariNAma 5.3.1 AhAra sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.2 jala sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.3 prANavAyu sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.4 zrama-vizrAma sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.5 nidrA sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.6 svacchatA sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.7 zRMgAra (sAja-sajjA) sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.8 brahmacarya sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.9 manodaihika visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.10 anyakAraka sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.4 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para zarIra-prabandhana 5.4.1 zarIra ke prati sahI dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa 5.4.2 zarIra-prabandhana kA uddezya 5.4.3 prabandhita jIvanazailI ke mukhya AyAma (1) AhAra-prabandhana (2) jala-prabandhana (3) prANavAyu-prabandhana (4) zrama-vizrAma-prabandhana (5) nidrA-prabandhana (6) svacchatA-prabandhana (7) zRMgAra (sAja-sajjA)-prabandhana (8) brahmacarya-prabandhana (7) manodaihika-prabandhana (10) anyakAraka-prabandhana 5.5 zarIra-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 5.6 niSkarSa 5.7 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 260 261 262 280 283 285 287 289 290 291 292 293 294 299 300 301 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #300
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #301
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 5 zarIra-prabandhana (Body Management) 5.1 zarIra kA svarUpa zarIra jIvana kA AdhAra hai, jisake binA kisI bhI saMsArI prANI kA astitva hI nahIM hotaa| ataH vyaktitva ke isa mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka ke samyak svarUpa ko samajhane kI jijJAsA sadAkAla se hI manuSya meM rahI hai| prAcya evaM pAzcAtya donoM paramparAoM meM isIlie zarIra-vijJAna kI vividha zAkhAoM aura unase sambandhita granthoM kI racanA kAlakrama se hotI rahI hai| prastuta prasaMga meM hama jaina vicAradhArA saha Adhunika zarIra-vijJAna kI carcA kreNge| 'zarIra' zabda sAmAnyarUpa se bahupracalita hai, phira bhI spaSTatA kI dRSTi se isake paryAyavAcI zabdoM ko samajhanA bhI jarurI hai| zarIra ke samAnArthI zabda haiM - indriyAyatana, aMgavigraha, kSetra, gAtra, tanu, bhUghana, tana, mUrttimAn , karaNa, kAya, mUrti, vera, deha, saMcara, ghana, bandha, pura, piNDa, vapu, pudgala, varma, kalevara aadi| 5.1.1 jaina zarIra-vijJAna jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, kisI bhI prANI (jIva yA AtmA) kI pahacAna usake zarIra kI racanA ke AdhAra para hotI hai| zarIra ke aneka rUpa hote haiM, jinheM jainazAstroM meM jIvoM ke 563 bhedoM ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai| jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa karane ke lie ina zAstroM meM unheM prApta gatiyA~, indriyA~, paryAptiyA~, prajAtiyA~ Adi aneka pahaluoM ko AdhArabhUta mAnA gayA hai| ye sabhI AdhAra mUlataH zarIra kI hI vividha vizeSatAe~ haiN| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana kI sUkSma vivecanA ke lie kisI bhI prANI kI zArIrika saMracanA ko jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai, kyoMki jainadharma meM zArIrika-saMracanA kA sAdhanA se nikaTatama sambandha mAnA gayA hai| pratyeka prANI kI zArIrika saMracanA bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| jainadarzana meM zarIra ke pA~ca prakAra mAne audArika * vaikriya AhAraka * taijasa kArmaNa 227 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #302
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ audArika-zarIra sthUla paramANuoM se banatA hai, jisameM hADa, mAMsa, raktAdi hote haiN| yaha manuSya evaM tiryaMca (pazu-pakSI Adi) ko prApta hotA hai| udAra yA sthUla paramANuoM se banA hone se ise audArika kahA jAtA hai| vaikriya-zarIra audArika kI apekSA sUkSma hotA hai, isameM hADa, mAMsAdi kA abhAva hotA hai| yaha choTA-bar3A, eka-aneka, vividha evaM vicitra rUpa banAne kI yogyatA rakhatA hai aura ina vizeSa kriyAoM ko karane meM samartha hone ke kAraNa hI ise vaikriya kahA jAtA hai| yaha zarIra sAmAnyatayA deva evaM nArakI jIvoM ko prApta hotA hai| AhAraka-zarIra apekSAkRta adhika sUkSma hotA hai, isakA parimANa eka hAtha jitanA hotA hai| yaha zarIra kisI-kisI vizeSajJAnI evaM RddhidhArI munirAja ko hI prApta hotA hai, parantu vartamAna meM isa bharatakSetra meM isakA abhAva hai| taijasa-zarIra sUkSmatara paramANuoM se nirmita zarIra hai, isakA kArya AhAra ko pacAnA, zarIra ke nirmANa evaM vikAsa meM sahayoga denA Adi hai| yaha atisUkSma hone se indriyagocara nahIM hotA hai| pA~cavA zarIra kArmaNa-zarIra hai, jo sUkSmatama hotA hai aura karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM se banatA hai| vastutaH, yaha jainadarzana meM nirdiSTa ATha prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA samUha hotA hai| yahI vaha zarIra hai, jo anya cAroM zarIroM kA mUla AdhAra hai| isake prabhAva se jIva ko anya zarIroM kI prApti hotI rahatI hai| __ 'zarIra-prabandhana', isa viSaya kA sambandha mAnava-jIvana se hai, ataH isa adhyAya kI mukhya viSayavastu audArika mAnavIya zarIra kA prabandhana karanA hai tathA gauNarUpa se taijasa evaM kArmaNa zarIra bhI isase sambaddha hai| (1) zarIra kA saMyoga - kyoM aura kaise? ____ jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, jIvana ke do mukhya rUpa haiM - saMsArI evaM mukt| zarIrasahita jIvanarUpa ko saMsArI evaM zarIrarahita jIvanarUpa ko mukta jIvana kahate haiN| saMsArI AtmAe~ satata paribhramaNa karatI rahatI haiM aura eka zarIra kA tyAga karate hI dUsare zarIra ko dhAraNa kara letI haiN| yadi zarIra kI prApti na ho, to sabhI AtmAe~ mukta dazA ko prApta kara leM, parantu aisA nahIM ho pAne kA mUla kAraNa hai - AtmA ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM se arjita kArmaNa-zarIra / saMsArI AtmAe~ pratikSaNa rAga, dveSa evaM moha bhAvoM se grasita hotI rahatI haiM, jisase icchAe~ utpanna hotI rahatI haiN| ina icchAoM kI pUrti ke lie ve mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRtti karatI haiM jinheM jainazAstroM meM 'yoga' kahA jAtA hai| ina yogoM se hI zubha-azubha karmoM kA bandhana hotA rahatA hai, jo kAlakrama se phala dekara jhar3a jAte haiM, inhIM karmoM ke phalasvarUpa AtmA kA zarIra se saMyoga hotA hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra, ye karma ATha prakAra ke hote haiM' - jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya , mohanIya, antarAya, AyuSya , nAma, gotra evaM vedniiy| inameM se antima cAra kA sambandha zarIra Adi bAhya saMyogoM kI prApti se hai| AyuSya-karma se eka nizcita avadhi taka zarIra evaM AtmA kA nIra-kSIravat sambandha jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 228 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #303
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ banA rahatA hai, nAma-karma se zarIra evaM usake vividha avayavoM kI racanA hotI hai, gotra - karma se jagat meM zarIra ke sAtha U~ca-nIca rUpa vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai tathA vedanIya karma se zarIra rogI athavA nirogI dazA ko prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra, zarIra kI racanA kA mUla AdhAra AtmA ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM se prApta zubhAzubha karma haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra, jaba azubha karmoM kI kamI evaM zubha karmoM kI vRddhi hotI hai, taba mAnava-jIvana kI prApti hotI hai tathA isa mAnava-jIvana meM hI zarIra - prabandhana sambhava hai / (2) mAnava - zarIra kI garbhAvasthA mAnava-zarIra ke vikAsa kA krama garbhAvasthA se prArambha hotA hai| sarvaprathama mAtA-pitA ke rajovIrya se AtmA kA sambandha hotA hai / tatpazcAt AtmA prApta paramANuoM se AhAra zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana ke nirmANa - yogya sAmagriyoM kI prApti karatI hai aura isa prakAra zarIra - nirmANa kI vyavasthita prakriyA prArambha ho jAtI hai| tandUlavaicArika nAmaka prakIrNakagrantha meM kahA gayA hai ki sAmAnyatayA zarIra-nirmANa kI prakriyA pUrI hone meM do sau sAr3he satahattara (2771/2) dina lagate haiN| isa garbhakAla meM zarIra - vikAsa kA mAdhyama mAtA se prApta AhAra hotA hai, jise 'ojAhAra' kahA jAtA hai| jaina - paramparA ke anusAra, garbhastha jIva ke tIna tattva mAMsa, rakta evaM mastaka 'mAtRja' hote haiM tathA tIna tattva haDDI, majjA tathA keza, roma evaM nakha 'pitRja' hote haiN| jJAtavya hai ki Ayurveda meM bhI isI prakAra se mAtRja evaM pitRja aMgoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|1deg kintu, Adhunika zarIra - vijJAna kI mAnyatA isase bhinna hai| 10 - jaba taka garbhakAla pUrA nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka jIva (zizu) ko garbhasthAna meM rahanA par3atA hai, aMgopAMga ko sikor3akara eka jhillI ke bhItara vaha vikasita hotA hai tathA usakI pratyeka kriyA mAtA se jur3I rahatI hai| isa mahA - apavitra evaM durgandhamaya sthAna meM palatA huA tathA aneka kaSTa sahatA huA jIva apane zarIra kA vikAsa karatA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aise zarIra para kyA garva karanA, jo bAhara meM evaM bhItara meM malina padArthoM se ghirA par3A hai| 11 ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki apavitra, mUtra, zleSma, pitta, rudhirAdi se yukta ghRNita garbha meM basA huA, mAMsa- jhillI se Dha~kA huA tathA mAtA ke kapha dvArA palatA huA, yaha jIva mahAdurgandhamaya rasa ko pItA hai| 12 anyatra bhI kahate haiM he jIva ! tU aise mahAmalina udara meM nau-dasa mAha taka rahA hai| 229 isa prakAra, jainAcArya zarIra ke prati yathArtha dRSTikoNa rakhate haiN| vastutaH, unakA uddezya zarIra ke prati dveSa bhAva ko vikasita karanA nahIM, apitu rAga bhAva ko sImita karane ke lie jAgrata karanA hai| yaha dRSTi zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| - adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana - For Personal & Private Use Only 3
Page #304
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) bhrUNa kA vikAsa-krama jainagranthoM ke anusAra, rudhira evaM vIrya kA milA huA rUpa, jise bhrUNa kahate haiM, dasa rAtri taka asthira rahatA hai, phira dasa rAtri taka kalala hokara ThaharatA hai, tatpazcAt dasa dina meM sthira hotA hai| dUsare mahIne lacIlA hokara tIsare mahIne meM kucha kaThora ho jAtA hai| tatpazcAt cauthe mAha meM mAMsa kI DalIrUpa ho jAtA hai| pA~cave mAha meM usameM aMga-pratyaMga kA nirmANa prArambha hotA hai, pA~ca pulaka nikalate haiM - pahalA mastaka kA, dUsarA aura tIsarA hAthoM kA tathA cauthA aura pA~cavAM pairoM kA AkAra dhAraNa karatA hai| chaThe mAsa meM aMga-upAMga spaSTa hone lagate haiM, sAtaveM mAsa meM camar3I, nAkhUna, romAdi kI utpatti hotI hai, AThaveM mAsa meM garbha halana-calana karane lagatA hai evaM antataH navameM yA dasaveM mAsa meM garbha se nikalakara zizurUpa meM janma letA hai| (4) zarIra kI dasa avasthAe~ : janma se mRtyu taka jainAcAryoM ne mAnava ke zArIrika-vikAsa kI krama se dasa avasthAe~ batAI haiM - (ka) bAlA (0-10 varSa) - janma ke pazcAt kI yaha prathama avasthA hai| isameM mAnasika-vikAsa kI apUrNatA hone se bAlaka, 'yaha sukha hai, yaha duHkha hai, yaha bhUkha hai' aisA jAna nahIM paataa| (kha) krIr3A (11-20 varSa) - vaha nAnA prakAra kI krIr3Ae~ karatA hai, kintu usameM kAma-bhogoM kI vAsanAe~ atitIvrarUpa se utpanna nahIM hotI haiM, pandrahaveM varSa se inakA vikAsa hone lagatA hai (yadyapi phrAyaDa nAmaka manovaijJAnika kI mAnyatA isase bhinna hai)| (ga) mandA (21-30 varSa) - vaha viSaya-bhogoM ko bhogane ke lie samartha ho jAtA hai| (gha) balA (31-40 varSa) - vaha kisI rogAdi bAdhAvizeSa ke upasthita na hone para apane bala-pradarzana meM samartha ho jAtA hai| (Ga) prajJA (41-50 varSa) - vaha dhana kI cintA karane ke lie samartha hotA hai evaM parivAra kA poSaNa karatA hai| (ca) hAyanI (51-60 varSa) - indriyoM meM zithilatA Ane se kAma-bhogoM ke prati use virakti hone lagatI hai| (cha) prapaMcA (61-70 varSa) - mukha se snigdha lAra evaM kapha girAne lagatA hai aura bAra-bAra khA~satA rahatA hai| (ja) pragbhArA (71-80 varSa) - vaha bUr3hA ho jAtA hai evaM usakI camar3I para jhurriyA~ A jAtI haiN| (jha) munmukhI (81-90 varSa) - usakA zarIra vRddhAvasthA se pIr3ita ho jAtA hai, usakI kAma-vAsanA samAptaprAyaH ho jAtI hai| (Ja) zAyanI (91-100 varSa) - usakI vANI kSINa evaM svara bhinna ho jAtA hai, vaha bhrAntacitta, durbala evaM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 230 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #305
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ duHkhada avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai | isa prakAra, jainAcAryoM ne zarIra kI anityatA kA mArmika citraNa kiyA hai| jIvana kA pUrvArddha vRddhizIla hotA hai, to uttarArddha hraasmy| jIvana ke uttarArddha meM kramazaH A~khoM kI dRSTi, bAhubala, kAmabhogoM kA sAmarthya evaM AtmacetanA kSINa hone lagatI haiM aura antataH zarIra jhukane lagatA hai aura isa prakAra jIvana samApta ho jAtA hai| subhASita ke dvArA kahA bhI gayA hai 15 16 zarIra meM uparyukta sAmAnya duHkhoM kA avasthAnusAra Agamana to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI aneka rogAdi bAdhAe~ bhI samaya-asamaya upasthita hotI rahatI haiM, jo jIvana ko atiduHkhamaya banA detI haiN|' jainAcArya spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki bhale hI kisI ko apanA zarIra priya, kAnta evaM manojJa kyoM na lage, parantu zarIra adhruva (asthira), anitya, azAzvat evaM vinAzazIla hai / ataH pahale yA bAda meM isakA parityAga to karanA hI par3atA hai| 17 sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI kahA gayA hai| 'zIryanta iti zarIrANi " arthAt zarIra kA vinAza to aparihArya hai, ataH isake samyak prabandhana ke dvArA samyak jIvana jiyA jA sake, yaha prayatna pratyeka jIvana- prabandhaka ko karanA cAhie / ,18 - - aMgaM galitaM palitaM muNDaM, dazanavihInaM jAtaM tuNDam / vRddho yAti gRhItvA daNDaM tadapi na muMcatyAzA - piNDam / / , (5) jainadarzana meM zarIra kI saMracanA (Jain Anatomy ) jainAcAryoM ne zarIra kI na kevala parivarttanazIla avasthAoM ko batAyA hai, apitu zarIra ke aMtaraMga svarUpa para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, zarIra maulika rUpa se pudgala (jar3a) padArtha se nirmita hai| yaha pudgala acetana padArtha hai, jo rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi se yukta hotA hai tathA pratisamaya usakI avasthAe~ badalatI rahatI haiN| pudgala kI sabase mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai ki vaha pUraNa (pud) evaM galana (gala) kI kriyA karatA rahatA hai, jisase usameM sar3ana - galanAdi prakriyAe~ hotI rahatI haiN| 19 pudgala kI sUkSmatama ikAI 'paramANu' hai tathA ina paramANuoM kA eka samUha - vizeSa 'vargaNA' kahalAtA hai| vargaNAe~ kaI prakAra kI hotI haiM, jo vizva meM sabhI ora vyApta haiM / inhIM meM se eka 'audArika vargaNA' hai| 231 karmagrantha ke anusAra, audArika vargaNAe~ hI ekatrita evaM saMgaThita hokara mAnava zarIra kI racanA karatI haiN| jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa kahA hai ki mAnava zarIra ke pratyeka avayava Thosa, tarala (drava) athavA vAyu sabhI kA mUla audArika vargaNA hI hai| mUlataH jIva ke pUrvakRta karmoM ke AdhAra para audArika vargaNAoM se zarIra ke mastiSka, mukha, phephar3e, gurdA, hRdaya, udara, hAtha-paira, asthi, mAMsa Adi avayavoM kI racanA hotI hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki Adhunika cikitsA - zAstra (Medical Science) ne adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only - 5
Page #306
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaise zarIra kI prathama ikAI ko kozikA (Cell) kahA hai, vaise hI jainAcAryoM ne zarIra kI maulika ikAI ko audArika vargaNA kahA hai| spaSTa hai ki inhoMne zarIra ko eka akhaNDa ikAI nahIM, apitu anekAneka pudgaloM kA piNDa mAnA hai| isase hI jainazAstroM meM zarIra ko 'kAyA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - cinotIti kAyaH arthAt jo ekatra hone se banatI hai, vaha kAyA hai| karmagranthakAra ne sampUrNa zarIra ke tIna vibhAga-upavibhAga kie haiM - aMga, upAMga evaM aNgopaaNg| inameM se aMgoM' ke ATha bheda haiM - do hAtha, do paira, eka pITha, eka sira, eka chAtI aura eka peTa / aMgoM ke nAka, kAna, aMguliyA~ Adi choTe-choTe avayava upAMga haiM tathA aMguliyoM ke parva Adi aMgopAMga haiN| zarIra meM bAhya saMvedanoM ko grahaNa karane vAlI pA~ca indriyA~ hotI haiM - tvacA, jIbha, nAsikA, A~kha evaM kaan| pratyeka indriya apane-apane viSaya ko grahaNa karatI hai| anukrama se inake viSaya haiM - sparza, rasa, gandha, dRzya evaM zabda / indriyoM kI jo netrAdi rUpa bAhya AkRti dikhatI hai, use 'nirvRtti dravyendriya' kahA jAtA hai, yaha indriyarakSaka evaM indriya-sahayogI aMga hai| indriyoM ke jo kAryakArI yA saMvedaka aMga haiM, ve 'upakaraNa dravyendriya' kahalAte haiM, jaise - netrAdi meM zveta-kRSNa maNDala athavA plkaadi| isI prakAra, dekhane Adi kI zakti honA 'labdhi bhAvendriya' aura cetanA kA jJAna-saMvedanoM se jur3anA 'upayoga bhAvendriya' hai| ina indriyoM kA laukika evaM AdhyAtmika jJAna kI prApti meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hotA hai| ye indriyA~ umra ke sAtha-sAtha kSINa hotI jAtI haiM, isIlie zarIra-prabandhana ke antargata una sAdhanoM ke santulita prayoga kA mahattva hai, jinase indriyoM kI ucita dekhabhAla evaM upayoga ho ske| zarIra meM aMtaraMga rUpa se anekAneka avayava hote haiN| prastuta anuccheda meM eka sAmAnya manuSya kI dRSTi se varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| zarIra ke UparI bhAga ko zirobhAga kahate haiM, yaha haDDiyoM ke cAra khaNDoM se yukta hotA hai| AyurvijJAna meM pahale ko Frontal part, dUsare ko Parietal part, tIsare ko Temporal part evaM cauthe ko Occipital part kahA jAtA hai| cehare para do A~khe hotI haiM, pratyeka kA parimANa (mApa) do pala hotA hai, mu~ha meM battIsa dA~ta tathA eka jIbha hotI hai| jIbha kA parimANa cAra pala tathA lambAI sAta aMgula hotI hai| cehare ke nIce gardana hotI hai, jisakI lambAI cAra aMgula hotI hai| gardana se nIce do hAtha, do paira evaM sira se jur3A huA dhar3a hotA hai, isameM hRdaya, kalejA, phephar3A, gurdA, plIhA, A~teM, pittAzaya Adi mAMsa-piNDa hote haiN| hRdaya kA parimANa sAr3he tIna pala evaM kaleje kA paccIsa pala hotA hai| peTa kI lambAI eka bAlizta (bAraha aMgula) hotI hai| zarIra meM do A~teM hotI haiM - 'sthUla A~ta' (Large Intestine) mala (Solid Stool) niHsarita karatI hai evaM 'choTI A~ta' (Small Intestine) dravamizrita mala (Semisolid Stool/ prasravaNa) niHsarita jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 232 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #307
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karatI hai| isI prakAra, zarIra meM do pArzva (kA~kha ke nIce kA hissA) hote haiM bAyA~ evaM dAyA~ bAyA~ pArzva sukhapUrvaka tathA dAyA~ pArzva duHkhapUrvaka anna pacAtA hai, isIlie jainAcAryoM ne bAIM karavaTa lekara sone kA nirdeza diyA hai| 22 inake atirikta zarIra meM sAta dhAtue~ bhI hotI haiM rasa, rakta, mAMsa, carbI (meda), haDDI, majjA evaM vIrya / inameM bhI rasa se rakta, rakta se mAMsa, mAMsa se carbI, carbI se haDDI, haDDI se majjA aura majjA se vIrya banatA hai evaM vIrya se santAna hotI hai| zarIra meM sAta upadhAtue~ bhI hotI haiM vAta, pitta, kapha (zleSma), sirA (Vein), snAyu (Nerve ), carma evaM jaTharAgni / inameM se koI bhI upadhAtu bigar3a jAe, to roga paidA ho jAtA hai| 23 yaha zarIra aneka haDDiyoM evaM unakI sandhiyoM kA jAla hai| haDDiyoM ke DhA~ce para aneka raktavAhinI zirAe~ (Veins) tathA jJAnavAhI snAyu hote haiM, jo mAMsa evaM camar3I se AcchAdita hote haiM | 24 zarIra meM mala, mUtra, pasInA Adi aneka malina padArtha bhI hote haiN| inake niHsaraNa ke lie purUSoM meM nau evaM striyoM meM gyAraha chidra yA dvAra hote haiN| ye nau dvAra haiM do karNa-chidra, do A~kha, do nAsikA - chidra, eka mukha, eka liMga va eka gudA / ina chidroM ke alAvA bhI lagabhaga sAr3he tIna karor3a choTe-choTe roma chidra isa zarIra meM hote haiN| 25 -- zarIra nirantara sar3ana - galana kI prakriyA se yukta hotA hai, isameM nae pudgaloM kA Agamana tathA purAne pudgaloM kA nigamana ( jhar3anA) pratikSaNa calatA hI rahatA hai| yaha mAnanA bhUla hai ki zarIra sthira hotA hai, kyoMki bacapana, yauvana, praur3hAvasthA, bur3hApA Adi krama se Ane vAlI avasthAe~ haiN| 26 isa prakAra, AdhyAtmika hone para bhI jainadarzana meM zarIra kI sUkSma evaM gahana vyAkhyA kI gaI hai, jo zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie upayogI dizA pradAna karatI hai| - 5.1.2 Adhunika zarIra - vijJAna Adhunika zarIra - vijJAna ke anusAra, mAnava zarIra kI sUkSmatama ikAI kozikA (Cell) hai, yaha zarIra kA mUlabhUta AdhAra hai| ye kozikAe~ viziSTarUpa se vikasita hokara Utaka (Tissue) banAtI haiM / ye Utaka eka sAtha milakara aMga (Organ) banAte haiN| vibhinna aMga eka sAtha milakara tantra ( System) kA nirmANa karate haiM aura vibhinna tantroM kA samUha hI mAnava zarIra kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra, mAnava-zarIra anaginata kozikAoM kA samUha hai| 27 233 (1) zarIra kI saMracanA bAhyarUpa se yaha zarIra eka akhaNDa ikAI ke rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai, kintu saMracanA ke AdhAra para ise nimnalikhita chaH bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai adhyAya 5: zarIra-pra ra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only - 7
Page #308
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ A~kha Face ceharA -nAka Shoulder Chest Belly peTa (ka) sira (Head) (ga) chAtI (Chest) (Ga) hAtha (Upper Limb) (kha) grIvA (Neck) (gha) peTa (Abdomen) (ca) paira (Lower Limb) (ka) sira (Head) - isake do vibhAga haiM - khopar3I (Skull) aura ceharA (Face)| khopar3I aneka choTI-choTI asthiyoM kA samUha hai tathA eka golAkAra Dibbe ke samAna hai| isakA aMtaraMga bhAga khokhalA hotA hai, jisameM mastiSka (Brain) surakSita rahatA hai| sira ke nicale hisse para ceharA hotA hai, jisake koTaroM (Sockets/khokhale PARTS OF THE BODY sthAnoM) meM A~kha, nAka, kAna tathA jabar3e bane hote haiN| | Head sira krAna (kha) grIvA (gardana/Neck) - yaha choTI-choTI asthiyoM evaM mAMsapeziyoM se banI eka locapUrNa (Flexible) saMracanA hai, isameM se kandhA Neck gardana hokara zvAsanalI tathA grAsanalI gujaratI hai, Age ke hisse meM zvAsanalI tathA pIche kI tarapha grAsanalI hotI hai| gardana ke sabase sInA MAm| pichale bhAga meM kazerukadaNDa (Vertebral Column) hotA hai, jo gardana se prArambha hokara gudA-dvAra taka jAtA hai| isI kazerukadaNDa ke bhItara suSumnA nAr3I (Spinal cord) hotI hai| (ga) chAtI (Chest) - yaha pichale bhAga meM merudaNDa se tathA agale bhAga meM pasaliyoM (Ribs), urosthi (Sternum) evaM Leg aMzamekhalA (Pectoral Girdle) se ghirI rahatI hai tathA isa taraha surakSita bhI rahatI hai| ye sArI haDDiyA~ milakara eka piMjare kA rUpa le letI haiM, isI piMjare meM phephar3e, hRdaya Adi aMga sthita rahate haiN| para kI| (gha) peTa (Abdomen) - isameM sAmane ke bhAga meM haDDiyA~ nahIM Toe aMgulI| hone se yaha Upara se mulAyama dikhAI detA hai| isake Upara mAMsapeziyoM (Muscles) kA paTTA hotA hai tathA bhItara yakRta (Liver), agnyAzaya (Pancreas), gurdA (Kidney) evaM A~teM (Large & Small Intestine) hotI haiN| peTa ke sabase nicale hisse meM mUtrAzaya (Bladder) tathA jananAMga (Testes/Ovary etc.) hote haiN| (Ga) hAtha (Upper Limb) - yaha chAtI se nikalakara nIce kI ora laTakatA hai, isake kaI vibhAga hote haiM, jaise - bhujA (Arm), kohanI (Elbow), kalAI (Wrist) evaM aMguliyA~ (Fingers & Thumb) aadi| pratyeka hAtha meM pA~ca aMguliyA~ hotI haiM, jinake agrabhAga meM nAkhUna hote haiN| ye kohanI, kalAI Adi sabhI aMga viziSTa asthiyoM evaM sandhiyoM (Bones & Joints) se yukta hote haiM, jo zarIra kI vibhinna kriyAoM, jaise - pakar3anA, uThAnA, rakhanA Adi meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva Waist kamara Knee ghuTanA TaoNga Feet para 234 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #309
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (ca) paira (Lower Limb) - peTa ke nicale hisse se do zAkhAe~ nikalatI haiM, jinheM dAyA~ evaM bAyA~ paira kahate haiN| donoM paira peTa kI haDDI zroNimekhalA (Pelvis) se jur3e hote haiN| pratyeka paira ko jAMgha (Thigh), ghuTanA (Knee), pA~va (Foot) tathA talavA (Sole) - inameM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai| donoM pairoM meM pA~ca-pA~ca aMguliyA~ hotI haiM, jinake agrabhAga meM nAkhUna hote haiN| zarIra ke pratyeka vibhAga ke pratyeka aMga kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hotA hai| phira bhI tIna aMga atyadhika mahattvapUrNa haiM, kyoMki inake binA jIvana kA astitva hI khatare meM par3a jAtA hai| Adhunika zarIra-vijJAna meM inhe Vital Organs kahA jAtA hai| ye aMga haiM - hRdaya (Heart), phephar3e (Lungs) evaM mastiSka (Brain) / inameM se hRdaya evaM phephar3e chAtI meM hote haiM, jabaki mastiSka sira meM hotA hai| (2) zarIra ke vividha aMga-tantra ___ zarIra meM aneka tantra hote haiN| pratyeka tantra meM aneka aMga hote haiN| ye sabhI aMga saMgaThita hokara kAryavizeSa meM apanA-apanA yogadAna dete haiN| (ka) raktaparivahana-tantra (Cardiovascular System) - isa tantra kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aMga hRdaya hotA hai, jo chAtI ke bAe~ hisse meM sthita hotA hai| yaha zuddha rakta (oNksIjana evaM vividha zarIropayogI poSaka-tattvoM se yukta rakta) ko mahAdhamanI (Aorta) ke mAdhyama se anya choTI-choTI dhamaniyoM (Arteries) taka pahu~cAtA hai| ye dhamaniyA~ zarIra ke pratyeka choTe-bar3e avayavoM taka rakta ko preSita karatI haiN| avayavoM meM sthita kozikAe~ rakta meM se -Pulmonary artery | oNksIjana Adi avazoSita karake zirAoM (Veins) ke mAdhyama se azuddha rakta ko punaH hRdaya taka pahu~cAtI haiN| Aortic valve yaha azuddha rakta hRdaya ke dAe~ hisse se zuddhIkaraNa hetu phephar3oM taka jAtA hai, vahA~ se zuddha hokara hRdaya ke bAe~ hisse meM AtA hai| isa prakAra yaha zarIra kA raktaparivahana-tantra hai| Superior vena cava -Aorta >To the lungs To the lungs Pulmonary valve From the lungs From the lungs ----- Left atrium Mitral valve Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle --- Left ventricle oxygenated blood Unoxygenated blood -- Interior vena cava - - Descending aorta 235 adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #310
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Nose -Pharynx Larynx Cricoid cartilage (kha) zvasana-tantra (Respiratory System) - yaha tantra | zarIra evaM bAhya vAtAvaraNa ke madhya vAyu kA AdAna-pradAna karatA hai, isa tantra ke mAdhyama se oNksIjana kA grahaNa tathA kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa kA utsarjana nirantara hotA rahatA hai| | Trachea sarvaprathama nAkachidra ke mAdhyama se vAtAvaraNa kI vAyu (O- 21%, N. - 78% evaM zeSa vAyu - 1%) zarIra ke bhItara . Lungs praveza karatI hai, phira zvAsanalI ke mAdhyama se donoM phephar3oM taka pahuMcatI hai| ye phephar3e zuddha-vAyu ko grahaNa karake azuddha-vAyu kA isI mArga se utsarjana karate haiN| zarIra-prabandhana ke lie zuddha-vAyu kA viziSTa mahattva Bronchi tongue tooth pharynx oesophagus liver (ga) pAcana-tantra (Digestive System) - yaha tantra bhojana ke pAcana evaM zoSaNa (Digestion & Absorption) tathA avaziSTa padArthoM ke utsarjana (Excretion) se sambandhita hai| isake antargata sabase pahale mu~ha ke mAdhyama se bhojana-grahaNa hotA hai| vaha bhojana dA~toM se cabakara, lAra se sammizrita hokara grAsanalI (Pharynx & Oesophagus) se hotA huA AmAzaya (Stomach) taka pahu~catA hai| AmAzaya meM maujUda gaisTrika rasa (Water, Mineral salt, Mucus, HCI, Pepsinogen & Rennin etc.) ke mAdhyama se pacatA hai| phira choTI AMta meM upayogI poSaka-tattvoM kA zoSaNa hokara patalI viSTA kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai| bar3I A~ta meM pahu~cane para pAnI tathA Avazyaka lavaNoM kA avazoSaNa hokara yaha Thosa viSTA meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| yaha viSTA malAzaya (Rectum) meM ekatra hotI hai, jo samaya-samaya para gudA-dvAra (Anal Orifice) ke dvArA bAhara nikAla dI jAtI hai| isI tantra ke tIna sahAyaka aMga haiM - yakRta, jo caya-apacaya (Metabolism) karatA hai, pittAzaya (Gall bladder), jo pAcana-yogya pitta kA nirmANa karatA hai evaM agnyAzaya (Pancreas), jo Avazyaka insulIna (Insulin) hArmona tathA glukAgona (Glucagon) hArmona kA nirmANa karatA hai| gall-bladder tranverse colon stomach pancreas (tail) duodenum ascending colon small intestine descending color sigmoid cecum appendix anus reclum 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 236 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #311
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Adremal Gland -Kidney -Medulla Cortex Renal Pelvis Renal Vein Renal Artery (gha) utsarjana-tantra (Excretory System) - isakA sambandha mUtra ke utsarjana se hai| isameM sarvaprathama dhamaniyoM se prApta zuddha-rakta meM se yUriyA (Urea), krieTInIna (Creatinine) Adi padArthoM kA avazoSaNa hotA hai| yaha kArya gurdo meM sthita glomerulasa (Glomerulus) tathA nephrAna (Nephron) tattvoM ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| jo openpg of atirikta yUriyA, krieTInIna Adi hote haiM, ve mUtra ke rUpa meM mUtravAhinI nalI se pravAhita hokara mUtrAzaya meM pahu~cate haiM, jo samaya-samaya para mUtradvAra nalI ke dvArA bAhara nikAla die jAte haiN| Nephron Alferent Efferent Arteriole Arteriole Bowman's Capsule Glomerulus Ureter Urinary. Bladder T.S.Kidney Pelvis Medulla Cortex Capillary Network Henle's Loon Pineal gland (Ga) antaHsrAvIgranthi-tantra (Endocrine Gland System)30 - yaha tantra viziSTa prakAra ke rasAyana (haoNrmonsa/Hormones) banAne vAlI granthiyoM se banatA hai| zarIra meM hone vAlI jaivika evaM cayApacaya kriyAoM ke sAtha-sAtha zArIrika-vRddhi evaM vikAsa kA niyaMtraNa bhI isI tantra ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| zarIra kI pramukha antaHsrAvI granthiyA~ haiM - Hypothalamus Pituitary gland pIniyala perAthAyaraoNiDa piTyuTarI thAyamasa Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands thAyaraoNiDa eDrInala Thymus cU~ki ina granthiyoM meM banane vAle haoNrmonsa binA Adrenal glands (atop kidneys) kisI nalikA ke sIdhe hI rakta ke mAdhyama se nirdhArita aMga taka pahu~cate haiM, ataH inheM nalikAvihIna granthiyA~ (Ductless Glands) bhI kahA jAtA hai| mUlataH snAyu-tantra evaM antaHsrAvI granthi-tantra donoM milakara hI niyaMtraNa aura samanvaya kA kArya karate hue zarIra meM samAvasthA (Homeostasis) banAe rakhate haiN| zarIra-prabandhana ke lie isa samAvasthA kA banA rahanA anivArya pahalU hai|" Pancreas 237 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 11 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #312
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Brain Cerebellum Spinal cord Radial nerve hintercostat Feboar Llichypogastri Lumba plocus Inerve Genit olemaal Inerve Obturator nerve Sacral plexus Femoral nerve Pudendal nerve ulnar nerve SNA ATIO Muscular branches lemord nerve Saphenous nerve Tibal nerve Common percneal nerve (ca) snAyu-tantra (Nervous System)? - yaha tantra vividha uddIpakoM (Stimuli) ko jAnane tathA unake bAre meM socane, samajhane evaM yAda rakhane kA kArya karatA hai| yaha zarIra ke anya usgractareast aMgoM ke kAryoM meM ucita sAmaMjasya tathA santulana banAtA huA una sabhI para ucita niyaMtraNa bhI rakhatA hai| isa prakAra, yaha zarIra kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa tantra hai| yaha tantra mastiSka, suSumnA nAr3I, taMtrikA kozikA (Neurons) evaM vividha snAyuoM se milakara banA hotA hai| isameM mukhyatayA do prakAra kI taMtrikA-kozikAe~ hotI haiM - saMvedI yA jJAnavAhI (Recepter Neurons) evaM preraka yA AjJAvAhI (Motor Neurons) / inameM se saMvedI-taMtrikAe~ aMgoM se sandeza mastiSka taka pahu~cAtI haiM aura preraka taMtrikAe~ mastiSka se sandeza aMgoM taka pahu~cAtI haiN| isakI kAryapraNAlI isa prakAra hai - jaba zarIra ke bAhara yA bhItara koI uddIpana (Stimulation) hotA hai, to jJAnendriyA~ isase prabhAvita hokara saMvedI-taMtrikAoM ke mAdhyama se mastiSka yA suSumnA-nAr3I ko sUcanA bhejatI haiN| tatpazcAt mastiSka yA suSumnA-nAr3I preraka-taMtrikAoM ke mAdhyama se ucita Adeza prasArita karatI haiM, jo sambandhita Dendrite aMgoM taka pahu~catA hai| Deep peroneal nerve Superficial per oneal nerve Spinal cord Axon: - Synaptic terminal jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 238 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #313
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Young male reproductive system Bladder Prostate Penis - Testicle Ulerus - Ovary - Reclum -Cervix Vagina Anus (cha) prajanana tantra (Reproductive System) - yaha tantra santAnotpatti kI prakriyA se sambandhita hai| strI-purUSa ke sambhoga karane para yaha tantra kriyAzIla hotA hai| sarvaprathama purUSa ke vRSaNa (Testis) meM utpanna zukrANu (Sperms) vAhikAvizeSa (Vasdeferensd) ke dvArA mUtradvAra nalI (Urethra) meM pahuMcate haiN| ye zukrANu bAda meM zizna (Penis) arthAt chidrayukta nalAkAra aMga ke dvArA strI ke prajanana aMga taka pahu~cate haiN| striyoM meM yoni (Vagina) se hote hue tathA garbhAzayika grIvA (Cervix) se gujarate hue garbhAzayika naliyoM (Fallopian tube) meM pahu~cakara vahA~ Thahara jAte haiN| ina zukrANuoM kI prArambhika saMkhyA anumAnataH tIsa |Unary baccer - karor3a hotI hai, kintu garbhAzayika naliyoM taka kucha more hI pahu~ca pAte haiN| jaba strI kI Dimbagranthi (Ovary) se Dimba (Ovum) niHsRta hotA hai, taba usakA sammizraNa kisI eka zukrANu ke sAtha hotA hai| sammizraNa ke pazcAt niSecita Dimba (Fertilized Ovum) taiyAra ho jAtA hai, jo antataH garbhAzaya (Uterus) meM pahu~cakara jIvana-vikAsa prArambha karatA hai aura lagabhaga nau mAha ke pazcAt zizu rUpa meM janma letA hai| (ja) AvaraNa-tantra (Integumentary System) - isa tantra kA mukhya sambandha tvacA se hai, jo pUre zarIra ke avayavoM ko DhaMka kara rakhatI hai| isake mukhya avayava haiM - tvacA, roma, nakha, pasInA evaM taila-granthiyA~ (Sweat Glands) / isa tantra ke mukhya kArya haiM - zarIra ke tApa kA niyaMtraNa karane (Temperature Control) meM sahayoga denA, pasIne ke rUpa meM tyAjya-padArthoM kA utsarjana karanA, viTAmina DI kA utpAdana karanA tathA bAhya sparza, darda Adi ke prati saMvedanazIla honA ityAdi Eccrine sweat unit ADOC 0 unit Sebaceous gland Arrector pili muscle Epidermis Spiraled duct Papillary Meissner nerve ending Dermis Straight ducts Hair shaft Reticular Coiled duct Dermal vasculature Subcutis Eccrine gland Apocrine gland Pacini nerve ending 239 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #314
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Crankun Skull - Facial Bones/ - Clavicle Scapula Pectoral or shoulder girdie (jha) asthi -tantra (Skeletal System) - isakA sambandha zarIra meM vidyamAna vividha haDDiyoM evaM unakI sandhiyoM se hai| yaha tantra sakhta, kintu gatizIla DhA~cA banAtA hai| isameM haDDiyA~ sthira hotI haiM aura sandhiyoM (jor3oM) ke mAdhyama se zarIra gatizIla hotA hai| yaha DhA~cA zarIra ke komala aMgoM kI surakSA bhI | rea karatA hai| kucha vizeSa haDDiyoM kI majjA (Matrix Marrow) meM rakta kI vividha kozikAoM kA | nirmANa bhI hotA hai| Sternum (breastbone) - Humerus Rib cage Vertebral column (backbone) Radius Forearm -Ulne -Carpals Metacarpals -Phalangas Farnur (thigh) Patella (knescap) Tibia Log Fibula -Tarsals - Metatarsals - Phalanges (Ja) pezIya-tantra (Muscular System) - yaha tantra zarIra kA mAMsala bhAga banAtA hai| isameM saikar3oM choTI-bar3I peziyA~ (Muscles) hotI haiM, jo asthiyoM se jur3I rahatI haiN| ye peziyA~ zarIra kI sabhI prakAra kI gatividhiyoM evaM mudrAoM ko niyaMtrita karatI haiM, sAtha hI uSmA (Heat) kA utpAdana bhI karatI haiN| 14 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 240 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #315
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ node Lymphatic (Ta) lasikA-tantra (Lymphatic System) - isakA sambandha mukhyatA se pratirodhaka kSamatA (Immunity) se hai, isake mukhya avayava Lymphatic Pulmonary capillaries circulation lasikA-drava, lasikA-vAhinI evaM lasikA-Utaka |LymphhaiN| yaha tantra zarIra ke Antarika drava ko chAnane , zveta-rakta-kaNikAoM (WBC) kA saMrakSaNa karane users tathA rogoM se surakSAdi karane kA kArya karatA hai| bhale hI kArya ke AdhAra para sabhI tantra alaga-alaga hote haiM, phira bhI ye sabhI tantra eka-dUsare ke Azrita rahate haiM aura inake bIca ke samanvaya, santulana tathA sahayoga ke kAraNa hI zarIra |Tissue fluid -Blood plasma eka ikAI ke rUpa meM apanA kArya karatA rahatA hai| Systemic zarIra-prabandhana ke lie yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki circulation Lymphatic capillaries yadi eka aMga yA eka tantra bhI bImAra par3a jAe, to pUre zarIra kI gatividhiyA~ prabhAvita ho jAtI haiM, ataH yadi vyakti ko svastha rahanA hai, to use pratyeka tantra ke anukUla AhAra-vihAra, rahana-sahana aura anya vyavahAra karanA caahie| yaha jAgRti zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie jarurI hai| Lymph =====4.>===== 241 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #316
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5.2 zarIra kA mahattva uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zarIra ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai - sarIramAhu nAva tti jIvo vuccai naavio| saMsAro aNNavo vutto jaM taranti mhesinno|| arthAt zarIra eka naukA hai, jisameM jIva rUpI nAvika baiThakara saMsAra rUpI samudra ko pAra kara sakatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jainadRSTi meM zarIra jIvana kA antima sAdhya to nahIM hai, kintu eka aisA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana avazya hai, jisake binA sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI, ataH jainadRSTi meM zarIra (sAdhana) kA mahattva svataH hI siddha hai| yaha satya hai ki jIvana-prabandhaka ke lie zarIra eka upayogI sAdhana hai, phira bhI isake mohajAla meM pha~sakara vaha apane jIvana-lakSya se bhaTaka sakatA hai| ataH zarIra ke anitya , apavitra Adi nakArAtmaka pakSoM kA ullekha bhI jainazAstroM meM kiyA gayA hai| dvAdazAnuprekSA ke anusAra, yaha zarIra azuci hai, durgandhamaya hai, ghRNita hai, jar3a hai tathA isakA svabhAva hI sar3anA aura galanA hai| bhAvaprAbhRta ke anusAra, " yaha mAnava-zarIra anekAneka rogoM kA Azraya hai, isake eka-eka aMgulasthAna meM chiyAnave-chiyAnave roga hote haiN| mUlAcAra meM kahA gayA hai - hADa, mAMsa, kapha, carbI, rudhira, camar3A, pitta, A~teM, mUtra, pIpa Adi se yukta yaha zarIra hai, jo apavitra hai, sAtha hI aneka duHkhoM aura rogoM kA sthAna hai| zAntasudhArasa ke anusAra, jisa chidrayukta ghar3e meM se zarAba giratI ho, vaise asvaccha gande ghar3e ko miTTI se sAphakara gaMgAjala se dhoyA jAe, to bhI vaha apavitra hI rahatA hai, vaise hI bIbhatsa haDDI, mala-mUtra , rajAdi se bharA yaha zarIra bhI vibhinna prayatnoM se zuddha nahIM hotaa| vastutaH, jainadarzana anekAntamUlaka hai, isameM zarIra ke sandarbha meM eka santulita evaM yathArtha dRSTikoNa ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| kisI eka pakSa ko hI mahattva na dekara, zarIra ke sakArAtmaka evaM nakArAtmaka - donoM pakSoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| yadi zarIra ko sampUrNa anartha kA ghara kahA gayA hai, to ise hI devAlaya bhI kahA gayA hai| yadi ise duHkhoM kA mUla kahA gayA hai, to ise hI sukha kA prAthamika sAdhana bhI kahA gayA hai| yadi yaha rogoM kA Azrayasthala hai, to yahI Arogya-bodhi kI prApti kA sahI mAdhyama bhI hai| yadi ise apavitra kahA gayA hai, to ise udAra arthAt uttama bhI kahA gayA hai| ataH, yaha jarurI hai ki zarIra-prabandhaka zarIra ke prati sApekSa evaM yathArtha dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa kre| isI dRSTikoNa kI puSTi karate hue upAdhyAya vinayavijayajI ne bhI kahA hai2 - kevalamalamayapudgalanicaye, azucikRtazucibhojana sicye| vapuSi vicintaya paramihasAraM, zivasAdhanasAmarthyamudAraM / / 16 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 242 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #317
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ arthAt yaha mAna lenA hI paryApta nahIM hai ki zarIra malayukta hai aura bhojana evaM vastroM ko apavitra banAne vAlA hai, kyoMki yaha sarvaduHkhoM se muktirUpa paramakalyANakArI mokSa lakSya kI prApti karAne vAlA zreSTha sAdhana hai| mAnava-zarIra kI pramukha vizeSatAe~ mAnava-zarIra kI aisI aneka viziSTatAe~ haiM, jo isake mahattva ko aura adhika spaSTa karatI (1) durlabhatA - 'dullahe khalu mANuse bhave' arthAt saMsAra meM mAnava-jIvana kI prApti nizcaya hI atidurlabha hai| isakI durlabhatA hI isake mahattva ko kaI guNA bar3hA detI hai| kahA gayA hai ki jIvana kA sabase nikRSTa evaM avikasita rUpa 'nigoda' kA hotA hai, jisameM ananta kAla taka jIva bArambAra janma-maraNa karatA rahatA hai| yaha jIvana itanA alpa hotA hai ki eka zvAsocchvAsa meM sAr3he satraha bAra janma-maraNa ho jAtA hai| isa nigoda avasthA se nikala jAne para bhI jIva kI sthAvara (ekendriya) jIvanarUpoM meM sudIrghakAla taka janma-maraNa karanA par3a sakatA hai, usake lie trasa honA durlabha hai| trasa hone para bhI paMcendriya avasthA kI prApti honA, paMcendriya hone para bhI vikAsa yogya paryAptiyoM se pUrNa honA, paryAptiyA~ pUrNa hone para bhI manasahita honA aura manasahita hone para bhI dIrghAyuSI manuSya-jIvana milanA atidurlabha hai| isa prakAra, anekAneka yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karane ke bAda bhI manuSya-jIvana kI prApti honA atyanta kaThina hai| kadAcit pUrvajanmoM ke susaMskAroM, kaSAyoM kI mandatA, prakRti kI bhadratA aura vinamratA, dayAlutA aura sahRdayatA tathA matsara-bhAva (para-guNa asahiSNutA) na rakhane se manuSya-jIvana kI prApti hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa kahA hai ki jIvoM ke lie cAra durlabhatAe~ haiM aura inameM sarvaprathama hai - manuSyatva kI praapti| bhAratIya saMskRti ke mahAna kaviyoM ne bhI aneka prakAra se mAnava-janma kI durlabhatA ko darzAyA hai, jaise - bera-bera nahIM Ave, avasara bera-bera nahIM Ave / jyu jANe tyu karale bhalAI, janma-janma sukha paave|| adhyAtmayogI AnandaghanajI" manISA janama durlabha hai, deha na bArambAra / taravara theM phala jhar3i paDyA, bahuri na lAgeM ddaar|| - kabIra 243 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #318
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bar3e bhAga mAnuSa tanu pAvA, sura durlabha saba granthanhi gaavaa| sAdhana dhAma moccha kara dvArA, pAi na jehiM paraloka sNvaaraa|| - rAmacarita mAnasa bahu puNya kerA puMjathI zubha deha mAnavano mlyo| toye are bhavacakrano AMTo nahi eke ttlyo|| - zrImadrAjacandra (2) yogyatA - jainadarzana ke anusAra, mAnava-zarIra meM jIvanalakSya ko prApta karane ke lie ativikasita tantra haiN| pA~coM jJAnendriyA~ bAhya vAtAvaraNa kA jJAna karAtI haiN| mana jaTila se jaTila viSayoM para bhI cintana, manana, nirNaya, smaraNa Adi karake jJAna ko vyApaka banAtA hai tathA bhAvanAoM evaM saMvegoM ko prasArita karane meM bhI pramukha sahayogI siddha hotA hai| Aja manuSya kI bhautika pragati kA mUla bhI mana hI hai| hAtha-paira, vANI Adi zArIrika aMga bhI jIvana kI kriyAzIlatA ke paricAyaka haiN| Adhunika vaijJAnika bhI manuSya-jIvana kI yogyatA ko vizeSa prakAra se pratipAdita karate haiN| unake anusAra, saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM meM manuSya sabase adhika vikasita prANI hai, kyoMki yaha bahukozikIya (Multicellular) saMracanA vAlA aura ativikasita snAyutantra, antaHsrAvIgranthitantra, pAcanatantra, zvasanatantra Adi se yukta hai| DArvina kI vikAsavAdI mAnyatA ke anusAra, amIbA se kramazaH spaMja, hAiDrA aura phira vibhinna bAdhAoM ko pAra karatA huA machalI, meMDhaka, sA~pa, chipakalI, cir3iyA, hAthI, bandara Adi jIvana rUpa vikasita hote-hote anta meM manuSya bnaa| spaSTa hai ki mAnava-zarIra sarvocca jIvanarUpa hai| (3) upayogitA - mAnava-jIvana kI mahattA kA tIsarA pahalU hai - isa jIvana kI upyogitaa| sAmAnya siddhAnta hai ki vastu kI upayogitA hI usake mahattva ko dyotita karatI hai| mAnava-zarIra kI yaha viziSTatA hai ki usameM jIvana-vikAsa yA jIvana-prabandhana kI adabhuta kSamatAe~ vidyamAna haiN| kahA gayA hai - 'dharmArthakAmamokSANAm mUlamuktaM kalevaraM'52 arthAt dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa kI prApti kA mUla sAdhana zarIra hI hai| jIvana kA lakSya vyAvahArika ho yA AdhyAtmika, mAnava-zarIra ke binA samucita DhaMga se lakSyapUrti nahIM kI jA sktii| artha aura kAma meM mAnava-zarIra kA upayoga karanA to sAmAnya bAta hai, parantu jainAcAryoM ne dharma aura mokSa ke lie bhI mAnava-zarIra kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| unake anusAra, manuSya-jIvana kI sArthakatA tabhI hai, jaba vyakti isa zarIra meM rahate hue sAMsArika prapaMcoM se virakta hokara Atmazreya ke mArga meM laga jAe evaM antataH satkAryapUrvaka (zuddhabhAvapUrvaka) zarIra kA tyAga kre| ve kahate haiM ki AhArAdi pravRttiyA~ to hara zarIra meM sulabha hai, parantu saddharma kA zravaNa, usa dharma para yathArtha zraddhA tathA Atma-saMyama meM parAkrama kA honA manuSya-zarIra meM rahate hue hI sambhava hai| yaha jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 18 244 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #319
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ manuSya zarIra hI hai, jisameM tapa hotA hai, mahAvratoM kA pAlana hotA hai, Atma-dhyAna hotA hai aura mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| jainAcAryoM kI yaha dRSTi jIvana-prabandhaka ke lie upayogI hai, kyoMki isase hI zarIra ke samyak upayoga kA bodha prApta hotA hai| use cAhie ki vaha artha evaM kAma-bhoga meM hI zarIra ko naSTa karane ke bajAya naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie bhI zarIra kA sahayoga le| vaha jainAcAryoM ke isa kathana ko jIvanamaMtra banAe - 'zarIramAdyaM khalu dharmasAdhanaM' arthAt zarIra nizcaya hI dharma-sAdhanA kA prAthamika sAdhana hai| Ayurveda meM isIlie kahA gayA hai ki dharmAdi cAroM purUSArthoM kA pradhAna kAraNa Arogya hai, ataH manuSya ko rogoM se zarIra kI rakSA karanI caahie|yhaaN taka ki sabhI kArya chor3akara bhI sarvaprathama zarIra kI rakSA karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, kyoMki yadi zarIra hI surakSita nahIM rahegA, to koI bhI kArya nahIM ho skegaa| jisa prakAra sArathI apane ratha kI rakSA karane meM sAvadhAna rahatA hai, usI prakAra prANI ko apane zarIra kI rakSA karane meM satarka rahanA caahie| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai - 'pahalA sukha nirogI kAyA' / 59 deha rakSA yogya hai, nija iSTa sAdhana ke lie| hai asambhava kArya saba, tana kI binA rakSA kie|| isa prakAra, jainAcAryoM ne zarIra ke sAtha zatrutApUrNa dRSTikoNa na apanAte hue mitratApUrNa dRSTikoNa rakhane kA upadeza diyA hai, kyoMki yaha jIvana-astitva evaM jIvana-vikAsa kA amUlya sAdhana hai| unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki dharma ke sAdhanabhUta isa zarIra kI prayatnapUrvaka rakSA karanI caahie| zayana-jAgaraNa, bhojana-pAna Adi ke dvArA ise sthira rakhane kA prayatna karanA caahie| isa deha kA prayoga videhI banane meM karanA hI jIvana-prabandhana kA sarvocca lakSya hai| zarIra se puNya paropakAra, zarIra hI hai guNa aagaar| zarIra hI hai suraloka-dvAra, zarIra hI se suvicAra sAra / / zarIra hI se purUSArtha cAra, zarIra kI hai mahimA apAra / zarIra rakSA para dhyAna dIje, zarIra sevA saba chor3a kiije|| =====4.>===== 245 adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana 19 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #320
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5.3 zarIra sambandhI aprabandhana yA kuprabandhana ke duSpariNAma 63 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prabandhana arthAt saMyama ko sAdhanA kA pradhAna tattva batalAyA hai| unake anusAra aprabandhita jIvana zastra ke samAna hotA hai, 2 jisakA pariNAma Asakti, moha, mRtyu tathA naraka hai / 3 jisa prakAra chidroM vAlI naukA meM baiThakara nAvika sAgara pAra nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra se aprabandhita jIvanazailI vAlA mAnava jIvana - lakSya kI prApti nahIM kara sakatA jIvanazailI prabandhita karanI cAhie / ataH mAnava ko apanI Aja mAnava kI jIvanacaryA aprabandhita hai, jisakA mUla kAraNa hai bhogavAda kA andhAnukaraNa / isake duSpariNAma bhI tIvratA se ubhara rahe haiN| aneka prakAra ke ghAtaka roga isa doSapUrNa jIvanazailI ke pratyakSa pariNAma haiM, jaise hArTa-aTaika, kainsara, eDsa, hipeTAiTisa (pIliyA), madhumeha, ucca - nimna raktacApa, gurdA roga Adi / sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI nimnalikhita aprabandhita jIvanazailI ko rogotpatti kA kAraNa ThaharAyA gayA hai atyadhika AhAra mUtra vega ko rokanA atyadhika calanA ahitakara AhAra prakRti ke pratikUla AhAra indriya bhogoM meM ramaNa T varttamAna yuga meM vyakti apanI jIvanazailI ko sudhArane ke lie utsuka to hai, kintu saMyama yA prabandhana kI samyak sAdhanA na karane se icchita phala kI prApti nahIM kara paataa| vaha cAhatA kucha aura hai, socatA kucha aura hai, kahatA kucha aura hai evaM karatA kucha aura hI hai / usakI indriya-viSayoM ke prati Asakti dinoMdina bar3hatI jA rahI hai, pariNAmataH jIvana aMsatulita, amaryAdita evaM aniyantrita hotA jA rahA hai, jisase zarIra kI ucita dekhabhAla bhI nahIM ho pA rhii| isa aprabandhita - jIvanazailI ko nimna kArakoM ke mAdhyama se samajhA jA sakatA hai (1) AhAra sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ (2) jala sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ (3) prANavAyu sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ ( 4 ) zrama - vizrAma sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ (5) nidrA sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ 5.3.1 AhAra sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ atijAgaraNa atinidrA mala-vega ko rokanA 20 - vyakti dinabhara meM jo bhI khAtA-pItA hai, AhAra kahalAtA hai| AhAra evaM svAsthya kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| AhAra se zArIrika vikAsa evaM anya gatividhiyoM ke lie Avazyaka UrjA prApta hotI hai / phira bhI, adhikAMza loga yaha nahIM jAnate ki unheM AhAra sambandhI kina-kina visaMgatiyoM se bacanA cAhie, pariNAmataH aneka choTe-bar3e, sAdhya - asAdhya roga ghara kara jAte haiN| ye visaMgatiyA~ nimna haiM jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva (6) svacchatA sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ (7) zRMgAra (sAja-sajjA ) sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ (8) brahmacarya sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ ( 9 ) manodaihika visaMgatiyA~ (10) anyakAraka sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ For Personal & Private Use Only 246
Page #321
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (1) AhAra kyoM? - Aja vyakti ko yaha nahIM patA ki AhAra kA sahI prayojana kyA hai| kaI loga jIvana ke lie nahIM, apitu jIbha ke lie AhAra karate haiM, kyoMki unakI dRSTi meM svAsthya se adhika mahattva svAda kA hai| kaI mahilAe~ zarIra ko sundara banAne ke lie, to kaI purUSa zarIra ko suDaula banAne ke lie AhAra karate haiM, kyoMki ve zarIra ko pradarzana kA mAdhyama hI mAnate haiN| saundarya evaM sauSThava pratispardhAoM ke prati bar3hatI huI lokapriyatA bhI isa bAta kI puSTi karatI hai| yaha digmUr3hatA zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie sabase bar3I bAdhA hai, isIlie nizItha-bhASya meM AhAra ke sahI prayojana ke bAre meM saMketa dete hue kahA gayA hai - mokSa ke sAdhana jJAna Adi haiM, jJAna Adi kI prApti kA sAdhana zarIra hai tathA zarIra ke saMrakSaNa kA sAdhana AhAra hai| isa bAta kI puSTi kAkA kAlelakara ne bhI kI hai ki jaba AhAra zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko chor3akara vala indriya-tapti aura vilAsa kA sAdhana bana jAtA hai, taba vaha khAne vAle ko hI khA jAtA hai|67 (2) AhAra kaisA ho? - Aja vyakti ko nahIM patA ki usake zarIra ko kina-kina tattvoM kI AvazyakatA hai aura vaha unheM kina-kina srotoM se prApta kara sakatA hai| ataH vyakti svAdendriya ke vazIbhUta hokara asevanIya padArthoM kA behicaka bhakSaNa kara rahA hai| AhAra meM abhakSya, apauSTika , asantulita, apAcya , asAtvika , azuddha evaM ahitakara sAmagriyoM kI mAtrA bar3hatI jA rahI hai| kaI loga phAsTa phuDa, TINDa phuDa, prosesDa phuDa, jaMka phuDa Adi kA atyadhika sevana karate haiN| kaI loga bAjAra ke taiyAra ATe, besana, thUlI (daliyA), maidA Adi azuddha padArthoM kA niyamita upayoga karate haiN| kaI loga zarIra ke lie ghAtaka padArtha, jaise - zarAba, mAMsa, tambAkU, guTakhA, sigareTa vagairaha ke AdI (Addict) ho jAte haiN| peTa ko kacarApeTI ke samAna bharane vAle ye loga aneka rogoM ke zikAra ho jAte haiN| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie zarIra ke prabandhana ko bigAr3ane vAle kubhojana arthAt abhakSya, apeya aura apathya bhojana kA niSedha kiyA hai, isIlie samyak zarIra-prabandhana hetu inakA tyAga karanA caahie| (3) AhAra kaba? - uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra, jIvana kA pratyeka kArya ucita samaya para karanA caahie| kintu, Aja kI bhAga-daur3a bharI jindagI meM vyakti ke AhAra kA samaya bigar3a gayA hai| adhikAMza gharoM meM rasoI kA kArya subaha se zuru hokara dera rAta taka calatA hI rahatA hai| hara sadasya ke bhojana kA samaya alaga-alaga hotA hai| kisI ko subaha uThate hI beDa-TI cAhie, to kisI ko sone ke pUrva bhojana caahie| kaI loga dina aura rAta tambAkU, guTakhA Adi hI cabAte rahate haiN| kaI logoM ko khAlI mu~ha rahanA hI nahIM suhAtA, unheM thor3I-thor3I dera meM khAne-pIne ke lie avazya caahie| isa pazutulya caryA kA pariNAma zArIrika roga ke rUpa meM ubharatA hai, isIlie jainAcAryoM ne jaba-taba bhojana karane ke bajAya samayAnukUla bhojana karane kA nirdeza diyA hai, jo zarIra-prabandhana kI apekSA se atyupayogI hai| 247 adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana 21 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #322
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ( 4 ) AhAra kahA~ ho? Aja adhikAMza loga ghara meM bhojana karanA kama pasanda karate haiM aura hoTaloM meM jyaadaa| ve soca hI nahIM pAte ki hoTaloM meM na to zuddhi kA khyAla rakhA jAtA hai aura na hI pauSTikatA kA, vahA~ to Arthika lAbha hI mukhya hotA hai| isI prakAra, kaI loga pAna, cAya, cATa, kacaurI Adi ke TheloM para hI khAte hue dikhAI dete haiM / avakAza ke dina to gharoM meM prAyaH bhojana hI nahIM banatA, balki kisI na kisI restrAM, maoNla yA pArTI Adi meM jAne kA kAryakrama pUrvaniyojita rahatA hai| zaharoM meM vyakti dUra-dUra taka sirpha ina zaukoM ko pUrA karane ke lie jAtA hai| T jahA~ sAmUhika bhoja hotA hai, vahA~ aksara zuddhi - azuddhi evaM hiMsA - ahiMsA kA viveka rakha pAnA sambhava nahIM hotA, ataH jaina - paramparA meM vratiyoM ko ina sthAnoM para bhojana karanA niSiddha hai| jainaAcAra pratipAdita yaha paddhati zarIra - prabandhana ke lie anivAryarUpa se AcaraNIya hai I - ( 5 ) AhAra kitanA ho? samyak zarIra - prabandhana ke lie AhAra kI mAtrA maryAdita honA jarurI hai, kintu Aja logoM meM isakI sahI samajha hI nahIM hai| ve zArIrika UrjA kI AvazyakatA ke AdhAra para bhojana nahIM karate, balki taba taka khAte rahate haiM, jaba taka peTa bhara nahIM jaataa| aise loga peTa ko peTI ke samAna ThUMsa-ThUMsa kara bharate jAte haiM / kizorAvasthA se vRddhAvasthA meM Ane para bhI logoM kI AhAra sambandhI AvazyakatA kama hone ke bajAya yathAvat banI rahatI hai| adhikAMza logoM kI yaha bhrA~ti hai ki jitanA adhika khAeMge, zarIra utanA hI adhika hRSTa-puSTa hogA, kaI svAdalolupI isIlie rAjasika evaM tAmasika AhAra kA ati sevana kara zarIra ke prabandhana ko bigAr3a lete haiN| nizcita rUpa se yaha zarIra - prabandhana kI sahI prakriyA nahIM hai| ina logoM ke lie jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa nirdeza diyA hai ki snigdha, gariSTha evaM atimAtrA meM AhAra prANaghAtaka viSa ke samAna hai, ataH maryAdita AhAra karake zarIra kA samyak prabandhana karanA cAhie / " isI prakAra, AhAra sambandhI aneka vikRtiyA~ Aja dekhI jAtI haiM khar3e-khar3e khAnA, binA cabAe khAnA, masAledAra khAnA, mAnasika udvega ke sAtha khAnA, TI.vI. dekhate hue khAnA, bAtacIta karate hue khAnA ityAdi / ye visaMgatiyA~ bhI zArIrika svAsthya kI dRSTi se pratikUla hI haiM / I 22 Age, jaina vicArakoM ke AdhAra para ina sabhI AhAra sambandhI vikRtiyoM se mukta hone ke upAyoM kI carcA kI jaaegii| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva - For Personal & Private Use Only 248
Page #323
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5.3.2 jala sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ jala hai to jIvana hai| mAnava-zarIra kA do-tihAI bhAga jala hI hai| yaha jala zarIra kI vividha yAntrika evaM jaiva-rAsAyanika (Biochemical) kriyAoM meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| yaha svayaM bhI eka poSaka tattva hai aura zarIropayogI anya poSaka-tattvoM kA saMvAhaka bhI hai| mAnava-zarIra meM vidyamAna rakta kA 55% aMza jala hI hai, jo rakta parisaMcaraNa ke dvArA poSaka-tattvoM ko pratyeka kozikA (Cell) taka pahu~cAtA hai| yahI jala zarIra meM utpanna tyAjya padArthoM ke utsarjana meM bhI ahama bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| viDambanA yaha hai ki mAnava bhaviSya kI kapola kalpanAoM meM itanA asta-vyasta hai ki jala kI zuddhi kA bhI viveka nahIM rakha paataa| bahuta kama loga haiM, jo zuddha jala kA hI sevana karate haiN| adhikAMza loga to jaba, jahA~, jaisA pAnI milatA hai, use pI lete haiM aura apanI tRSA zAnta kara lete haiM, kintu ghara kA zuddha jala sAtha meM le jAnA pasanda nahIM krte| pAna khAne yA cAya pIne ke pUrva ve aksara hoTala-restrAM Adi kI gaMdI glAsoM ke anachane pAnI ko pIte hue dekhe jAte haiN| kaI bAra to ghara meM bhI bAjAra kA barpha lAkara ThaNDAI Adi banAte haiN| sArvajanika sthAnoM, jaise - basa-sthAnaka, relave sTezana, aspatAla, vidyAlaya Adi kI TaMkiyoM meM kaI dinoM se bharA huA pAnI saikar3oM-hajAroM loga roja pIte haiN| yahA~ taka ki dharmazAlAoM evaM mAMgalika bhavanoM ke tathAkathita zuddha pAnI kA upayoga bhI bejhijhaka karate haiN| pradUSita jala pIne se mAnava ke svAsthya para bhI burA asara par3atA hai| vizva svAsthya saMgaThana ke anusAra, vikAsazIla dezoM meM pacahattara pratizata mRtyuoM kA mUla kAraNa jala pradUSaNa hI hotA hai| peTa ke rogoM meM se assI pratizata roga bhI pradUSita jala se hI hote haiN| vastutaH, pradUSita jala pIne se aneka prakAra ke jalavAhita roga (Waterborne Diseases) hone kI sambhAvanAe~ bar3ha jAtI haiN| jala ke dvArA phailane vAle sUkSma jIvANu evaM unase janita roga kra. jIvANu evaM unase phailane vAle sambhAvita roga parajIvI 1) vAyarasa vAirala bukhAra, hipeTAiTisa (pIliyA), poliyo Adi 2) baikTIriyA haijA, TAIphAiDa, pairATAIphAiDa, pecisa (DisenTrI) gaisTroeMTrAiTisa, DAyariyA / 3) proTojoA amIbiyosisa, atisAra, jiAraDiyAsisa, thromboisisa 4) helminthika rAuMDavarma, hukavarma, bheDavarma Adi kRmiyoM se sambandhita roga, jaise - nAru, rakta kI - (kRmi) kamI (Anemia), bhUkha na laganA, peTa-darda, carmaroga Adi 5) snela sisTosAmiyAsisa 249 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #324
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isI prakAra pradUSita jala meM vidyamAna avAMchita rAsAyanika padArthoM se bhI aneka prakAra ke roga hone kI sambhAvanAe~ bar3ha jAtI haiN| 74 jala-mizrita rAsAyanika padArtha 1) malajala meM mile kArbanika / akArbanika padArtha 2) kailziyama evaM maignIziyama salpheTa 3) soDiyama evaM poTeziyama 4) phlorAiDa 5) salphAiDa 6) klorAiDa 7) amoniyA 8) yUriyA 9) klorIna 10 11) tela evaM cikanAI ( grIsa) 12) sAyanAiDa 13) pArA (14) 15) kromiyama 1902300 17 ) raMga tathA raMgayukta raMjaka 18 ERINA POR 19) kITanAzaka davAI 24 jala pradUSaNa se utpanna hone vAle roga 75 pAcana tantra ke roga A~toM meM jalana evaM ma Ayanika asaMtulana dA~toM kA roga zvAsa ke roga sambhAvita roga evaM vikAra hRdaya, gurdoM evaM pAcana tantra ke roga zvAsa ke roga hRdaya evaM gurdoM ke roga zvAsa ke roga zvAsa ke roga pAcana tantra ke roga jaharIlA prabhAva gurdoM, hRdaya evaM taMtrikA - tantra ke roga gurdoM ke roga A~toM ke ghAva (alsara) yadyapi aneka prakAra ke rAsAyanika padArtha alpa mAtrA meM prAkRtika rUpa se jala meM vidyamAna hote haiM, parantu jaba inakI mAtrA sAmAnya se adhika ho jAtI hai, taba ye zArIrika svAsthya ko prabhAvita karate haiM, jaise - phlorAiDa kI mAtrA eka milIgrAma / lITara se adhika ho jAne para dA~toM meM khuradurApana, pIlApana evaM cheda ho jAte haiN| ataH zarIra - prabandhana ke lie aise jala kA tyAga karanA cAhie / mAMsapeziyoM meM aiMThana (khiMcAva) | gurdoM evaM hRdaya kA roga tathA jor3oM kA carmaroga, anidrA tathA siradarda carmaroga carmaroga, siradarda, anidrA evaM phephar3oM tathA gurdoM ke roga pIne ke atirikta bhI mAnava pradUSita jala ke samparka meM AtA hai| nadI, tAlAba, bAvar3I, nahara, jharane Adi meM nahAnA mAnavIya zauka hai, parantu isameM bhI aneka prakAra ke parajIvI jantu (Parasitic ) jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 250
Page #325
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hote haiM, jo nahAne, vastra-dhone tathA anya kAryavaza Ae manuSyoM kI camar3I ko bhedakara unake zarIra meM praveza kara jAte haiN| isase aneka roga utpanna hote haiM, jaise - nAru (Schistosomiasis), enakAyalosTomiyAsisa (Ankylostomiasis), sTrAnjiloDiyAsisa (Strongylodiasis), lepTospAirosisa (Leptospirosis) aadi|'' isa prakAra, jaina-paramparA meM peya evaM apeya jala ke bAre meM sAtvika vyavasthA hai| yahA~ sAmAnya se sAmAnya gRhastha ko bhI chanA huA tathA muni ko pUrNataH ubalA huA pAnI pIne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| kahA bhI jAtA hai - 'pAnI pInA chAnakara, guru banAnA jaankr'| jIvana-prabandhana hetu kauna sA jala pInA, kyoM pInA, kitanA pInA, kaba pInA, kahA~ pInA ityAdi kA viveka rakhanA atyAvazyaka hai, jisase zarIra kI dekhabhAla evaM sadupayoga ho ske| jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para isakI carcA Age kI jaaegii| 5.3.3 prANavAyu sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ __prANavAyu kA jIvana-astittva se gaharA sambandha hai| bhojana aura jala ke binA to vyakti kucha dina jI sakatA hai, lekina prANavAyu ke binA kucha pala bhI nhiiN| eka svastha vyakti sAmAnyatayA pratidina ikkIsa hajAra bAra zvAsa letA hai, isa daramyAna lagabhaga bIsa kilogrAma vAyu andara jAtI hai|" isa vAyu kA kArya phephar3oM ko bala pradAna karanA, rakta kI zuddhi karanA evaM dIrghAyu pradAna karanA hai| vAyu ke bAre meM isIlie kahA gayA hai - 'kAyAnagaramadhye tu mArutaH kSitipAlakaH' arthAt isa kAyAnagarI meM prANavAyu hI bhUpati hai| phira bhI Aja vyakti prANavAyu ke mahattva ko anadekhA kara rahA hai| bar3hatA huA zaharIkaraNa, svAbhAvika havA, pAnI evaM prakAza se rahita bhavanoM kA nirmANa, vanaspati kA atidohana, vAhana Adi kA atiprayoga - ye sabhI kArya uparyukta tathya ke sAkSAt pramANa haiN| adhikAMza logoM kI dinacaryA isa prakAra hai ki jaba vAtAvaraNa adhika pradUSita rahatA hai, taba to ve bAjArAdi meM rahate haiM aura jaba subaha-subaha pradUSaNamukta evaM tAjagIpUrNa vAtAvaraNa rahatA hai, taba ghara kI cAradIvArI meM banda hokara mu~ha DhaMkakara sote rahate haiN| avakAza ke dinoM meM vyakti manoraMjana ke lie sinemA haoNla, klaba Adi aise sthAnoM para jAnA pasanda karate haiM, jahA~ kabhI-kabhI to atibhIr3a ke kAraNa ghuTana bhI mahasUsa hotI hai| isa prakAra vyakti pAzcAtya saMskRti kA anusaraNa kara prakRti se vimukha hotA jA rahA hai, jisase use zuddhavAyu kI prApti durlabha ho gaI hai| tanAva evaM cintAoM ke bar3hane se vyakti kI zvAsa-prakriyA bhI prabhAvita ho rahI hai, Aja adhikAMza loga uthalI zvAsa lete haiM, jisase phephar3oM ke lagabhaga eka-cauthAI bhAga kA hI upayoga hotA hai, zeSa tIna-cauthAI bhAga niSkriya par3A rahatA hai| isake prabhAva svarUpa phephar3oM meM maujUda lagabhaga sAta karor3a tIsa lAkha koSThakoM meM se karIba do karor3a koSThakoM meM hI prANavAyu kA saMcAra ho pAtA hai, 251 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #326
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zeSa meM nhiiN| zuddhavAyu evaM pUrNavAyu kI ApUrti na hone se aneka prakAra ke rogoM ke hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai - damA, khA~sI, gale meM jalana evaM darda, nimoniyA, broMkAiTisa tathA kabhI-kabhI phephar3oM kA kaiMsara bhI ho jAtA hai| vAyupradUSaNa se hone vAle sambhAvita roga81 pradUSaka srota prabhAva kArbana-mono-oNksAiDa apUrNa dahana kI kriyAe~, peTrola kA prajvalana zarIra meM oNksIjana kI kamI se hone vAle ghAtaka roga salphara-DAI-oNksAiDa DIjala evaM koyale se calane vAlI moTara zvAsa ke aneka khataranAka roga, gAr3iyoM, kArakhAnoM, telazodhaka ikAiyoM se kaphayukta khA~sI nikalane vAlA dhuA~ nAiTrojana ke oNksAiDa UrjA saMyaMtroM evaM vAhanoM meM prayukta Indhana ke zvAsa ke roga, siradarda, A~kha evaM tvacA prajvalana tathA jaMgala kI Aga meM jalana anya padArthoM ke Thosa bhArI udyoga, kala-kArakhAneM, sImenTa ke zarIra ke Antarika aMgoM para viSailA kaNa kArakhAneM, tApa vidyutghara tathA koyalA evaM prabhAva, zvasana sambandhI roga evaM tvacA patthara kI khadAneM para jaharIlA asara Aja vyakti kI aprabandhita yA aniyantrita jIvanazailI kA sabase prabala udAharaNa hai - dhuumrpaan| yaha na kevala phephar3oM ke kaiMsara, apitu svara-yaMtra (Larynx), mukha-guhA (Mouth Cavity) tathA annanalI ke kaiMsara kA bhI pramukha kAraNa hotA hai, sAtha hI mUtrAzaya, agnyAzaya aura gurde ke kaiMsara meM bhI sahayogI kAraNa banatA hai| kisI ne kahA bhI hai - Think about Smoking Would you stroll into a convenience store and buy an item with a label warning you that its use could kill you ? Although most of us would probably answer no, millions make such a purchase everyday : a pack of cigarettes, futhermore, they do this despite clear well-publicized evidence that smoking is linked to cancer, heart attacks, strokes bronchitis, emphysema and a host of other serious illnesses. Smoking is the greatest preventable cause of death in the United States. Worldwide, 3 million people die prematurely each year due to the effects of smoking (Heishman, Kozlowki & Henningfield, 1997; Kawachi et al, 1997; Noble, 1999).83 26 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 252 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #327
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina-paramparA meM aise aneka mArgadarzana die gae haiM, jinheM dainika jIvana meM AtmasAt kara vyakti zuddha vAyu kA sevana kara sakatA hai aura isa taraha zarIra-prabandhana bhI kara sakatA hai, jaise - prAtaHkAla devAlaya gamana, samaya-samaya para prAkRtika sthaloM para nirmita tIrthoM kI yAtrA, sAdhu-sAdhvI kI nizrA meM padavihAra ityaadi| isa prakAra, zarIra-prabandhana ke antargata zuddha vAyu kI prApti kaba kI jAe, kahA~ kI jAe, kisa prakAra se zvAsa niyamita evaM pUrNarUpa se lI jAe Adi praznoM kA samyak samAdhAna apekSita hai| jainadRSTi se inakA upayukta samAdhAna Age kiyA jaaegaa| 5.3.4 zrama-vizrAma sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ jIvana meM zrama aura vizrAma kA santulana atyAvazyaka hai| zarIra eka yaMtra ke samAna hai, isake avayavoM ko sakriya rakhane ke lie zrama jarurI hai, parantu jaba ye avayava thaka jAte haiM, to inheM ucita vizrAma denA bhI jarurI hai| samyak zarIra-prabandhana ke jJAna ke abhAva meM Aja kaI loga zArIrika zrama se jI curAte haiM, kaI loga zArIrika zrama ko apane se nimna stara ke logoM kA kartavya mAnate haiM aura kaI loga suvidhA evaM vilAsitA ke sAdhanoM ko chor3anA nahIM caahte| isa Alasya aura pramAda ke kAraNa aneka roga utpanna ho rahe haiM, jaise - moTApA, hRdayaroga, madhumeha, mAMsapeziyA~ sakhta honA, bavAsIra, vAtaroga ityAdi / isI prakAra, kaI loga vizrAma ko apane jIvana kI pragati meM bAdhaka mAnate haiN| mahattvAkAMkSAoM ke calate ve jIvana kI pratispardhAoM meM pichar3anA nahIM cAhate, ataH dina-rAta parizrama karate rahate haiM, parantu yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| isase zarIra kI kAryakuzalatA kamajora ho jAtI hai, zakti kSINa ho jAtI hai, snAyutantra zithila ho jAtA hai tathA kaI prakAra ke rogoM se zarIra AkrAnta ho jAtA hai, jaise - rakta kI kamI, pratirodhaka kSamatA kI kamI, indriyoM kI zithilatA, pAcanatantra kI kamajorI ityAdi / kucha loga aise bhI hote haiM, jo zrama evaM vizrAma donoM karate haiM, lekina vyavasthita DhaMga se nahIM krte| prAyaH dekhane meM AtA hai ki jo loga subaha-subaha apane gharoM kI chata para yA udyAnoM meM Tahalate hue dikhAI dete haiM, ve bhI kAryavaza thor3I dUra jAne ke lie vAhana ko jarurI samajhate haiN| jo loga ghara meM yA jimneziyama meM zarIra ko custa rakhane ke lie vyAyAma karate haiM, ve hI loga dinabhara choTe-choTe kAmoM ke lie bhI naukara-cAkara para Azrita hokara jIte haiN| zarIra-prabandhana kI apekSA se yaha jIvana-vyavahAra bhI ucita nahIM hai| jIvana meM zrama-vizrAma kA santulana kaise ho? isakI carcA jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para Age kI jaaegii| 253 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #328
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5.3.5 nidrA sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ yaha jIvana kA eka mahattvapUrNa vyavahAra hai / yadyapi viziSTa yogIjana to nidrA para pUrNa vijaya bhI prApta kara lete haiM, tathApi sAmAnya vyakti ke lie nidrA eka anivArya kriyA hai| vastutaH, mastiSka meM maujUda jJAnavAhI aura AjJAvAhI snAyu jaba thaka jAte haiM, to unakI gatividhiyA~ mandaprAyaH ho jAtI haiM, ise hI nidrA kahate haiN| thakAna dUra hone para ye snAyu punaH sakriya ho uThate haiM, jise jAgaraNa kahate haiN| Aja vyakti kI jIvanazailI aprabandhita hone se nidrA evaM jAgaraNa kI prakriyA bhI prabhAvita huI hai| adhikAMza loga dera rAtri taka jAgate rahate haiM aura phira subaha dera taka sote rahate haiM / kaI loga bistara para leTa to jAte haiM, kintu cintA, tanAva Adi se nIMda jaldI nahIM AtI, ataH karavaTeM hI badalate rahate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, kaI logoM ko to nIMda kI davAI lene kI Adata bhI par3a jAtI hai, usake binA nIMda hI nahIM aatii| kaI logoM ko dina kA bhojana karate hI ghaNTe -do ghaNTe sone kI Adata par3a jAtI hai / baccoM kI aksara yaha zikAyata hotI hai ki unakI pitAjI se mulAkAta sirpha ravivAra ko hI ho pAtI hai, kyoMki bAkI dinoM meM jaba pitAjI rAtri meM ghara lauTate haiM, taba taka bacce so cuke hote haiM aura jaba pitAjI jAgate haiM, taba taka bacce skUla jA cuke hote haiN| yaha viDambanA sirpha purUSoM ke sAtha hI nahIM, apitu mahilAoM ke sAtha bhI hai| kitanI hI mahilAe~ aisI haiM, jo rAtri meM dera taka TI.vI. dekhatI rahatI haiM aura subaha tabhI uThatI haiM, jaba 'haoNkara' Akara ghaNTI bajAtA hai| mAtA-pitA kI isa aprabandhita jIvanazailI kA asara zanaiH-zanaiH baccoM para bhI par3atA hai aura isa prakAra pUrA parivAra hI jIvana - prabandhana se vaMcita raha jAtA hai / itanA hI nahIM, zayana kI sahI vidhi bhI Ajakala lupta hotI jA rahI hai| vyakti Danalapa ke gadde para mu~ha Dha~kakara evaM khir3akI-daravAje banda kara aisA sotA hai ki use patA hI nahIM calatA ki kaba sUryodaya hotA hai, kaba cir3iyA cahacahAtI hai aura kaba bacce skUla ke lie ravAnA ho jAte haiN| vastutaH, yahA~ jainAcAra kI upekSA spaSTa dikhAI detI hai, kyoMki yahA~ na brahmacarya kA viveka hotA hai aura na hI arihaMta paramAtmA ke darzana Adi kI bhAvanA / vyakti ko patA hI nahIM hotA ki use sone ke pUrva kyA karanA cAhie, kisa karavaTa se sonA cAhie, kaba sonA cAhie, kaba jAganA cAhie, jAgane ke pazcAt kyA karanA cAhie ityAdi / ina saba visaMgatiyoM kA prabhAva jIvana ke anya kAryoM para to par3atA hI hai, parantu pramukha rUpa se zarIra para bhI par3atA hai| svAsthya bigar3ane ke tIna mukhya kAraNa haiM - atinidrA, anidrA evaM asamaya nidrA / ye tInoM visaMgatiyA~ bhI aneka zArIrika rogoM kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiM, jaise moTApA, madhumeha, hRdayaroga, kabja, ajIrNa, amlaroga ityAdi / 28 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only - 254
Page #329
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhAratIya saMskRti meM nidrA ke sandarbha meM aneka upayogI nirdeza die gae haiN| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, vyakti ko rAtri ke prathama prahara ke pazcAt hI sonA cAhie aura antima prahara se pUrva jAga jAnA cAhie tathA dina meM to sonA hI nahIM caahie| 84 mahAbhArata, Ayurveda Adi granthoM meM bhI yahI upadeza nirdiSTa hai| 85 isa sambandhI upayogI carcA Age kI jaaegii| 5.3.6 svacchatA sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ svacchatA jIvana kA eka Avazyaka karttavya hai, kyoMki svacchatA hI svasthatA kA AdhAra hai / yaha svacchatA tIna prakAra kI hai Atmika, zArIrika evaM paryAvaraNIya / jainadarzana meM sApekSa - dRSTi se ina tInoM kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai| yahA~ prasaMgataH zArIrika evaM paryAvaraNIya svacchatA kI mukhyatA se kathana kiyA jA rahA I - yadyapi zarIra evaM AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNa kI svacchatA kA jIvana meM anivArya mahattva hai, tathApi Aja vyakti isa ora ucita dhyAna nahIM de rahA hai| vyakti kI svacchatA kA mApadaNDa saMkIrNa ho gayA / kucha loga apane ghara ko hI svaccha rakhanA pasanda karate haiM aura ghara ke bAhara apaziSTa padArthoM ko pheMkate rahate haiN| yahI kacarA sar3akara aneka kITANuoM ko janma detA hai| isase Asa-pAsa ke logoM ke svAsthya para burA asara par3atA aura maleriyA, TAIphAiDa, pIliyA, haijA, dasta Adi aneka prakAra kI bImAriyA~ phaila jAtI haiM / kaI loga to pramAda evaM Alasya ke kAraNa ghara evaM zarIra kI svacchatA kA bhI dhyAna nahIM rakha paate| dIvAroM para lage makar3I Adi ke jAle, rAtri ke jUThe bartana, bar3he hue nAkhUna, binA hAtha dhoe khAne kI Adata, sUtaka dharma kI upekSA, mAsika dharma ke niyamoM kA ullaMghana, bAsI evaM phrIja ke bhojana kI Adata Adi uparyukta bAtoM kI puSTi karate haiM / inase bhI svAsthya para kuprabhAva par3atA hai| jainadarzana meM isIlie pratyeka kArya karate hue Atmika - zuddhatA ke sAtha-sAtha zArIrika evaM paryAvaraNIya zuddhatA kA upadeza bhI diyA gayA hai| yahA~ nirdiSTa bAhya zuddhiyA~, jaise zarIra-zuddhi, vastra-zuddhi, bhUmi - zuddhi, dravya-zuddhi Adi zarIra - prabandhana meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| isakI bhI vistRta carcA Age kI jaaegii| 5.3.7 zrRMgAra (sAja-sajjA ) sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ vyakti hara umra meM apane saundarya kA pradarzana karanA cAhatA hai / Aja isa kSetra meM usane kaI naI-naI khojeM kara lI haiN| kaI loga bAloM meM alaga-alaga prakAra ke rAsAyanika raMgoM (Dyes) kA upayoga karate haiM, snAna ke lie aneka prakAra ke rAsAyanika athavA jaivika zaimpU, sAbuna Adi prasAdhanoM kA prayoga karate haiN| zarIra para aneka prakAra ke ubaTana, sAbuna Adi lagAte haiN| aneka prakAra ke tela, pAvaDara, krIma, paraphyUma Adi kA upayoga karate haiM, jinase romachidra banda ho jAte haiN| zarIra para tar3akIle, bhar3akIle, sintheTika aura custa kapar3e Adi pahanate haiM / vizeSataH mahilAe~ lipasTika, adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana 255 29 - For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #330
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nelapaoNliza, Aibro, blIca, krIma Adi kA prayoga bArambAra karatI haiN| kaI mahilAe~ to nAkhUna bar3hAne ko phaizana bhI mAnatI haiM, para kabhI-kabhI bar3he nAkhUnoM ke anAyAsa TUTa jAne se unheM dIrghakAlIna pIr3A bhI satAtI rahatI hai| kaI loga cehare ko sundara banAne ke lie plAsTika sarjarI jaise anAvazyaka evaM maha~ge upacAra bhI karavAte haiN| isa prakAra, pAzcAtya saMskRti kA andhAnukaraNa tejI se bar3ha rahA hai| ina sabakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki vyakti ko anAvazyaka phor3e-phusI ho jAte haiM, romachidra DhaMka jAne se zarIra kA maila utsarjita nahIM ho pAtA, tvacA kI elarjI ho jAtI hai, kabhI-kabhI to tvacA ke kaiMsara hone kI sambhAvanA bhI bana jAtI hai| nAkhUna evaM hoMThoM ke mAdhyama se avAMchanIya tattva zarIra ke bhItara pahu~cakara nukasAna karate rahate haiN| jainAcAryoM ne sAmAnyatayA zRMgAra kA niSedha hI kiyA hai, phira bhI yadi AvazyakatA mahasUsa ho, to maryAdita evaM ahiMsaka sAdhanoM kA prayoga karane kI chUTa dI hai| AcArAMga meM vRddhajanoM ke lie to spaSTa saMketa hai ki ve krIr3A, hAsya, rati evaM zarIra kI zobhA-vibhUSA Adi bilkula na kreN| __zarIra-prabandhana ke lie yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hogA ki zRMgAra-sambandhI samyak vyavahAra kaisA ho? isakA spaSTIkaraNa Age kiyA jaaegaa| 5.3.8 brahmacarya sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ vartamAna meM pracalita bhautikavAdI saMskRti se abrahmacarya ko bhI bar3hAvA mila rahA hai| isameM saMcAra-sAdhanoM, jaise - TI.vI., sinemA, mobAIla, porna, inTaraneTa evaM azlIla patra-patrikAoM kI ahama bhUmikA hai| strI-purUSa ko eka sAtha ghUmane-phirane kI svatantratA milanA Aja kI sAmAjika saMskRti bana gaI hai| pAzcAtya saMskRti ko pasanda kara 'veleNTAina De' aura 'liva ina rilezanazIpa' jaisI paramparAoM kI nakala niHsaMkoca ho rahI hai, jo supta kAmanAoM ko uddIpta karatI haiN| vivAha kI bhUmikA 'veleNTAina De' se zuru ho jAtI hai aura 'korTa mairija' para samApta ho jAtI hai| jisa umra meM brahmacarya Azrama kI sAdhanA kI jAnI cAhie, usa umra meM rAsalIlA hone lagI hai| 'nAITa klaba' ke nAma para kaI yuvatiyA~ deha vyApAra meM lipta hotI haiM, jisameM AkarSita hokara kaI saMskArI vyakti bhI patita ho jAte haiN| ___ vyakti aneka prakAra se kAma-krIr3A karatA hai, kabhI aMgakrIr3A, to kabhI anNgkriidd'aa| gudA maithuna, mukha maithuna, hasta maithuna Adi ativikRta paramparAe~ bhI cala rahI haiN| vyakti kI ina uddIpta vAsanAoM kI jaba pUrti nahIM hotI, taba vaha nirAzA, hatAzA evaM kuNThA se grasta ho jAtA hai| hRdaya kI komala-vRtti samApta ho jAtI hai aura AtmahatyA, balAtkAra, parahatyA Adi aparAdhoM kA janma hotA abrahmacarya sevana ke aneka zArIrika duSpariNAma bhI haiM, isase vIrya-zakti kA atyadhika nukasAna hotA hai, eDsa jaisI bhayaMkara bImArI bhI utpanna hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai, jisakA mRtyu ke alAvA jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 30 256 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #331
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ koI IlAja nahIM hai| nizIthabhASya meM aise zaktihIna vyaktiyoM ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki ve jJAnAdi kI samyak sAdhanA bhI nahIM kara paate|" zarIra-prabandhana ke lie jIvana kI pavitratA, sAtvikatA evaM brahmacAritA atIva Avazyaka hai aura yaha yauna sambandhoM ke samyak prabandhana ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| isa paddhati se kiyA gayA zarIra-prabandhana hI Atmika unnati kA mAdhyama bhI hai| yauna sambandhoM kA samyak prabandhana kaise ho, isakI carcA Age kI jaaegii| 5.3.9 manodaihika visaMgatiyA~ mAnava kA mana eka duSTa azva ke samAna aniyaMtrita hai, isase mAnava sadaiva cintita rahatA hai|92 mana meM nirantara kucha na kucha vicAra evaM vAsanAe~ utpanna hotI rahatI haiN| zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gandha, kAma, krodha, moha, lobha, abhimAna Adi inake viSaya hote haiN| viDambanA yaha hai ki na to kabhI inakI pUrti hotI hai aura na hI kabhI inase tRpti milatI hai| vizrAma kI AzA durAzA mAtra hotI hai| eka vAsanA se chuTakArA milatA nahIM ki mana dUsarI vAsanA kA zikAra ho jAtA hai, phira tIsarI kA , yahI krama manuSya ke marate dama taka calatA rahatA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - "jaise bandara kSaNamAtra ke lie bhI zAnta nahIM baiTha sakatA, vaise hI mana kSaNamAtra ke lie bhI saMkalpa-vikalpa se mukta nahIM hotaa|" 94 Adhunika manovaijJAnika bhI svIkArate haiM ki ausatana paiMsaTha hajAra vicAra evaM bhAva sthUla rUpa se pratidina mana meM Ate haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki asaMkhya vicAra yA bhAva (adhyavasAya) mana meM pratidina Ate rahate haiM, jo itane sUkSma hote haiM ki inameM se adhikAMza vicAroM ko jAgrata avasthA meM bhI pahacAnA nahIM jA sktaa|95 mana ke isa asaMyamita vyavahAra se vyakti kA zarIra bhI prabhAvita hotA hai, kyoMki mana aura tana donoM anyonyAzrita haiN| aneka prakAra ke mAnasika roga, jaise - tanAva, avasAda, smRtibhraMza, durbhIti (Phobia), O.C.D. (manograstatA bAdhyatA vikRti/Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) Adi hote haiM, to sAtha hI zArIrika roga, jaise - hRdayaroga, AmAzayaroga, damA, khujalAhaTa, garbhapAta, pITha ke darda Adi bhI hote haiN| Adhunika manovijJAna meM inheM manodaihika roga (Psychosomatic Diseases) kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, mana kA kuprabandhana vyakti kI mAnasika nirAzA evaM zArIrika asvasthatA kA kAraNa siddha hotA hai, parantu yadi mana kA samyak prabandhana kiyA jAe, to na kevala mana, apitu tana bhI nirogI raha sakatA hai| vyavahArabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki indriya-viSayoM kI samAna prApti hone para bhI eka vyakti unameM Asakta ho sakatA hai, to dUsarA virakta bhii|" ataH indriyoM ke viSaya pradhAna nahIM haiM, pradhAna hai - adhyaatm| isa jainadRSTi ko apanAkara yadi vyakti AdhyAtmika vyaktitva kA sRjana kare, to zarIra-prabandhana ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana-prabandhana bhI sahajatA se ho sakatA hai| 257 adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana 31 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #332
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5.3.10 anyakAraka sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ uparyukta kArakoM ke atirikta bhI jIvana meM aneka kAraka hote haiM, jo zArIrika svAsthya ko prabhAvita kie binA nahIM rhte| ye bhI zarIra-prabandhana ke lie bAdhaka haiM - vANI kI vAcAlatA jora-jora se bolanA, ugratA se bolanA, lagAtAra bolanA aadi| artha kI atyadhika tana se adhika dhana ko mahattva denA, adhika dera taka baiThakara kArya karanA (Sedentary), bhojana lolupatA karate hue Arthika cintAoM se grasta rahanA aadi| atisAmAjikatA mitra, parijana, par3osI Adi ke sAtha jyAdA samaya vyatIta karanA, bAra-bAra zAdI-byAha, janma-maraNa ke kAryakramoM meM jAnA, khAnA, pInA aadi| indriya-viSayoM kA manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM, jaise - TI.vI. Adi ko atyadhika dekhanA, dhvani vistAraka yaMtroM kA atibhoga atyadhika prayoga karanA, mobAIla para ghaNToM bAteM karanA, suvidhA evaM vilAsitA ke sAdhanoM kA atiprayoga karanA aadi| paryAvaraNa kA prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa ko bigAr3anA, dhUla-dhusarita sthAnoM para rahanA, dhuA~ dene vAle saMsAdhanoM, atizoSaNa jaise - bhaTTI, janareTara, vAhana Adi kA atiprayoga karanA aadi| ajJAnapUrvaka sAdhanA zarIra kRza karane ko hI sAdhanA mAnanA, zakti na hone para bhI ajJAnapUrNa tapa-tyAga karanA aadi| adhyayana meM atizrama sAmarthya na hone para bhI par3hane, likhane, yAda karane Adi meM atyadhika zrama karanA ityaadi| atisamayaprabaddhatA pratyeka kArya meM jaldabAjI karanA, sadaiva adhIra rahanA ityaadi| RADISHPAN isa prakAra, aprabandhita yA asaMyamita jIvanazailI ko uparyukta kArakoM se samajhA jA sakatA hai tathA inase hone vAle zArIrika rogoM ko bhI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH, ye sabhI kAraka zArIrika rogoM kI utpatti to karate hI haiM, sAtha hI parokSa rUpa se aneka samasyAoM ko bhI bar3hAte haiN| jaba vyakti rogI hotA hai, to sAmAnyatayA usake mAnasika evaM vAcika vyavahAra meM bhI girAvaTa A jAtI hai, jisase usakI pArivArika , Arthika evaM sAmAjika jIvanacaryA bhI bigar3a jAtI hai| __ ataH jIvana-prabandhana ke lie zarIra kA samyak prabandhana karanA atyAvazyaka hai, jisase jIvanazailI meM samucita sudhAra karake svAsthya kA ucita saMrakSaNa kiyA jA ske| dekhane ko choTA-sA deha, bharI hai para isameM zakti apAra / sUrya se bar3hakara isameM teja, dharA se bar3hakara isameM saar|| agara yaha dakSiNa ko mur3a jAya, sajA de yahI svarNa kA saaj| pakar3a le kahIM vAmapantha kintu, vizva kA kara de upsNhaar|| ====4.>===== 32 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 258 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #333
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5.4 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para zarIra-prabandhana __ jainadarzana maulikarUpa se svAsthya aura cikitsA kA darzana nahIM hai, yaha to AtmA se AtmA kA darzana hai| parantu jainadarzana eka anekAntadarzana bhI hai, jisameM jJAna kI do zAkhAoM ke bIca meM lakSmaNa-rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sktii| ataH, sApekSadRSTi se dekheM, to jainadarzana meM Atmadarzana ke sAtha-sAtha svAsthya-darzana bhI samAhita ho jAtA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, jaba taka AtmA mukta nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka AtmA zarIra ke binA nahIM raha sakatI aura zarIra kI upekSA kara Atmazuddhi hetu sAdhanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM zarIra kA mahattva AtmasAdhanA ke lie hai, indriyoM ke viSaya-bhogoM ke lie nhiiN| inakA cintana mukhyatayA AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara huA hai, parantu inhoMne zarIra ke nirvAha ke lie samyak jIvanazailI kA jo kathana kiyA, vaha svataH mAnavajAti ke svAsthya kA maulikazAstra bana gyaa| yahI zAstra zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie AdhArabhUta hai|98 jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para zarIra kA samyak prabandhana karane ke lie hameM isa prakriyA ko do pakSoM meM vibhakta karanA hogA - saiddhAntika pakSa evaM prAyogika pkss| ina donoM pakSoM kA apanA-apanA mahattva hai, phira bhI prAthamikatA kI dRSTi se saiddhAntika pakSa kA mahattva adhika hai aura isalie prastuta prasaMga meM saiddhAntika pakSa kA varNana pahale kiyA jA rahA hai| 5.4.1 zarIra ke prati sahI dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie isa bAta kA vizeSa mahattva hai ki vyakti zarIra ko kisa dRSTikoNa se dekhatA hai| yahI bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya saMskRti ke bIca kI bhedarekhA bhI hai| pAzcAtya-saMskRti meM zarIra ko hI sarvasva mAnA gayA hai, jabaki bhAratIya saMskRti meM zarIra ko eka yaMtra (Machine) ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| Ayurveda meM kahA gayA hai - zarIra ratha ke samAna hai|99 jainadarzana meM bhI kahA gayA hai - zarIra naukA ke samAna hai|100 etareya AraNyaka meM bhI kahA gayA hai - yaha zarIra daivIya vINA ke samAna hai|101 kabIra ke anusAra bhI zarIra vAdya-yaMtra ke samAna hai| 102 cAhe ratha kaheM yA naukA, vINA kaheM yA anya kucha, Azaya itanA hI hai ki zarIra mUlataH yaMtra ke samAna hai| zarIra-prabandhana ke lie zarIra ko yaMtra ke samAna anubhUta karanA eka anivArya AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki isase zarIra-prabandhana karanA atiAsAna ho jAtA hai aura merI dRSTi meM, jIvana-prabandhana hetu nimnalikhita niSkarSa nikAle jA sakate haiM - yaMtra ke prabandhana ke samAna hI zarIra kA prabandhana bhI karanA caahie| jaise yaMtra se yaMtrI bhinna hotA hai, vaise hI zarIra se AtmA (sva) ko bhinna mAnanA caahie| yaMtra ke samAna hI zarIra ko kriyAzIla banAe rakhane ke lie AhAra, pAnI, prANavAyu Adi Avazyaka tattva (Indhana) upalabdha karAnA caahie| 259 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 33 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #334
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yaMtra ke samAna hI zarIra ko nukasAnakArI arthAt anAvazyaka tattvoM se bacAnA caahie| yaMtra ke samAna hI zarIra kA rakha-rakhAva isa prakAra karanA cAhie ki AvazyakatA par3ane para vaha turanta kAma A sake / yaMtra ke samAna hI zarIra kI kAryakuzalatA (Efficiency) kA vikAsa karanA cAhie, jisase nyUnatama IndhanoM (AhArAdi sAdhanoM) se adhikatama kArya liyA jA ske| yaMtra ke samAna hI zarIra kA prayoga anAvazyaka kAryoM meM nahIM, apitu Avazyaka kAryoM meM karanA cAhie / yaMtra ke samAna hI bigar3a jAne para (asvastha hone para) zarIra ko durusta karanA cAhie / yaMtra ke samAna hI zarIra ke Adi evaM anta donoM hote haiM / yaMtra ke samAna hI anupayogI banane ke pUrva zarIra kA sadupayoga kara lenA cAhie / isa prakAra, zarIra ko eka yaMtra ke samAna mAnakara usake prati santulita dRSTikoNa rakhanA caahie| isase zarIra vyakti ke jIvana-lakSya kI prApti ke lie ucita sAdhana bana ske| jainadarzana meM isa dRSTikoNa ke vikAsa ke lie anekoM nirdeza die gae haiN| 5.4.2 zarIra - prabandhana kA uddezya T zarIra - prabandhana kA mukhya uddezya hai zArIrika - vikAsa / zArIrika vikAsa se yahA~ tAtparya zarIra kI kSamatAoM ke vikAsa se hai| jaba taka zarIra kI kSamatAoM kA santulita evaM suvyavasthita vikAsa nahIM hogA, taba taka vaha jIvana ke kisI bhI lakSya kI pUrti kA sAdhana nahIM bana sakegA / ataH, zArIrika - vikAsa kI jarurata pratyeka jIvana- prabandhaka ko hai / 34 zarIra - prabandhana meM zArIrika - vikAsa kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki zarIra khUba sthUla ho, U~cI kada-kAThI kA ho ityAdi / isakA artha to itanA hI hai ki zarIra bahiraMga evaM aMtaraMga donoM prakAra se svastha evaM custa bane, jisase vaha ucita sAdhya kI prApti meM sahayogI bana sake / merI dRSTi meM, zArIrika - vikAsa ke tIna pahalU ho sakate haiM - 2) sphUrtti 1) svasthatA 3) saundarya (1) svasthatA yahA~ svasthatA kA sambandha zArIrika svasthatA se hai, jainAcAryoM ne isa hetu 'Arogya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| 1103 unake anusAra, roga - zUnyatA yA roga kA abhAva hI Arogya hai ( arogasya bhAvaH iti Arogyam) / kalyANakAraka evaM Ayurveda granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki svasthatA ke pA~ca AdhAra haiM 104 vAta, pitta evaM kapha meM sAmyatA pAcana-tantra kI kuzalatA sapta dhAtuoM kI ucita mAtrA - malotsarjana kI niyamitatA AtmA, mana aura indriyoM kI prasannatA jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 260
Page #335
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Adhunika zarIra-vijJAna ke anusAra, zarIra kI sabhI kozikAoM, UtakoM, aMgoM evaM tantroM kA vyavasthita rUpa se kArya karate rahanA hI svasthatA hai| 105 prAcIna saMskRti ke anusAra, asthi-saMsthAna kA acchA honA hI svasthatA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - "suSTu asthi asti yasya saH svasthaH' arthAt jisakI asthiyA~ majabUta aura zaktizAlI hotI haiM, vaha svastha hai tathA jisakI pRSTha-rajju mur3I huI hai, tirachI hai, vaha asvastha hai 106 aura bhI, 'svasmin tiSThati iti svasthaH' arthAt jo zarIra apane svAbhAvika rUpa meM sthita hai yAni vikArarahita hai, vaha svastha hai| uparyukta sabhI sandarbho kA sAra yahI hai ki zarIra ke sabhI aMgoM kA rogarahita honA aura apane-apane kAryoM kA nirvAha karane meM samartha honA hI svasthatA hai| isa sthiti meM zArIrika rasAyanoM kA vikAsa santulita hotA hai| (2) sphUrti - yahA~ sphUrti kA artha zArIrika custI arthAt kArya ke prati tatparatA evaM sajagatA se hai| sphUrtivAn vyakti kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki vaha kisI bhI kArya ko ucita DhaMga se sampanna karane ke sAtha-sAtha alpa samaya meM hI pUrNa kara letA hai| svasthatA ke sAtha-sAtha sphUrti honA bhI zArIrika-vikAsa kA anivArya pahalU hai| jainakathAnakoM meM gautama svAmI kA udAharaNa prasiddha hai, jo aSTApada parvata ke ucca zikhara para alpasamaya meM hI car3ha ge| (3) saundarya (lAvaNya) - jIvana-prabandhana meM zArIrika-vikAsa kA yaha tIsarA pahalU hai, jisakA sambandha zarIra ke bAhya aMgoM kI AkRti evaM kAnti se hai|107 yadyapi jIvana ke anya vikAsa kA isase koI vAstavika sambandha nahIM hai, tathApi duniyA ke adhikAMza logoM kI dRSTi meM apane zarIra kA saundarya hI sarvopari hai, ataH loka-vyavahAra kI dRSTi se ise zArIrika vikAsa ke antargata grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| ___isa prakAra, svasthatA, sphUrti evaM saundarya - ina tInoM pahaluoM para AdhArita zArIrika-vikAsa hI zarIra-prabandhana kA uddezya hai| jainAcAryoM ne lAparavAhIvaza bImAra par3ane evaM upacAra karAne kI apekSA prabandhita jIvanazailI apanAkara svastha rahane ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki jisa vyakti kI jIvanazailI meM hitAhAra, mitAhAra evaM alpAhAra jaise guNa vidyamAna hoM, use kisI vaidya se cikitsA karAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI, ve svayaM hI svayaM ke cikitsaka hote haiN| 108 ataH Age, jainadarzana ke AdhAra para samyak jIvanazailI se sambandhita siddhAntoM kI carcA kI jA rahI hai| 5.4.3 prabandhita jIvanazailI ke mukhya AyAma merI dRSTi meM, samyak zarIra-prabandhana ke lie nimnalikhita AyAma apekSita haiN| pUrva meM ina sabhI AyAmoM meM phailI visaMgatiyoM kI carcA kI gaI thI, ataH prastuta prakaraNa meM jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para inake susaMgata samAdhAnoM kI carcA kI jA rahI hai| adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 261 35 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #336
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1) AhAra - prabandhana 2) jala - prabandhana 3) prANavAyu - prabandhana 4) zrama - vizrAma - prabandhana 5 ) nidrA -prabandhana (1) AhAra - prabandhana 109 110 AhAra jIvana kI sabase prAthamika AvazyakatAoM meM se eka hai| yaha hamAre svAsthya sahita sampUrNa vyaktitva ko prabhAvita karatA hai / nizIthabhASya meM AhAra ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha zarIra-saMcAlana kA sAdhana hai| vyavahArabhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki AhAra se uttama ratna loka meM dUsarA nahIM, kyoMki yaha samasta sukhoM kA utpAdaka hai, jIvana kA sAra hai tathA jIvana vyavahAra kA AdhAra hai / ' vaidya-rasarAja-samuccaya meM bhI AhAra ko eka advitIya, anupama evaM anuttara ratna kI upamA dI gaI hai / 111 yadyapi jainAcAryoM ne AtmA ko anAhArI svabhAvavAlA batAyA hai, tathApi sAmAnya vyakti kI apekSA se AhAra ke mahattva ko nakArA bhI nahIM hai| jIvana meM AhAra jitanA Avazyaka hai, usase bhI adhika Avazyaka hai AhAra kA viveka / jo loga AhAra kyoM karanA, kaisA karanA, kaba karanA, kahA~ karanA, kitanA karanA, kitanI bAra karanA, kaise karanA ityAdi binduoM kA cintana nahIM karate, ve khAdya evaM akhAdya kA viveka nahIM rakha paate| yaha aviveka kabhI unakA svAsthya chInatA hai, to kabhI jIvana bhI / 112 ataH zarIra-prabandhana ke lie nimnokta binduoM ko samajhanA atyAvazyaka hai 36 113 (ka) AhAra kyoM karanA jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, AhAra karane kA pramukha prayojana jIvana - astitva kI surakSA evaM jIvana-yApana kI vyavasthA karate hue mokSamArga kI sAdhanA karanA hai / 1 isI AdhAra para muni ko parilakSita karake AhAra karane aura nahIM karane ke prayojana ko uttarAdhyayanasUtra, sthAnAMgasUtra, oghaniryuktibhASya evaM mUlAcAra meM batAyA gayA hai 114 - - 6) svacchatA - prabandhana 7) zRMgAra (sAja-sajjA ) - prabandhana 8) brahmacarya - prabandhana 9 ) manodaihika - prabandhana 10) anya kAraka - prabandhana AhAra karane ke prayojana 1) bhUkha kI pIr3A zAnta karane hetu 2) vaiyAvRtya (sevA-zuzrUSA) karane hetu 3) Avazyaka karttavya ( samiti) pAlana hetu 4) saMyama ke samyak nirvAha hetu 5) prANoM kI rakSA hetu 6) ucita dharmadhyAna karane hetu AhAra nahIM karane ke prayojana 1) jvarAdi atyanta pIr3AkAraka roga hone para 2) upasarga (tIvra saMkaTa) Ane para 3) brahmacarya kI rakSA hetu 4) jIvadayA hetu 5) tapasyA karane hetu 6) samAdhimaraNa hetu jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 262
Page #337
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mUlAcAra meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki muni bala, Ayu, svAda, zArIrika - puSTi aura tejasvitA ke lie AhAra na kare, varan jJAna, saMyama evaM dhyAna ke lie hI kare / ' 115 zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie uparyukta nirdeza atimahattvapUrNa haiM, yadyapi ye muniyoM ko lakSita karake die gae haiM, tathApi sabhI jIvana - prabandhakoM ke lie yathAzakti (aMzataH yA pUrNataH) paripAlanIya haiN| gRhastha jIvana ke dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSarUpa sAdhya hote haiM, isIlie gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha isa prakAra apanI udarapUrti kare ki ina sAdhyoM meM ucita santulana sthApita ho ske| (kha) AhAra kaisA karanA jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi isa viSaya meM ativyApaka rahI hai| unhoMne aneka AyAmoM ke madhya samanvaya sthApita kiyA hai, jaise zArIrika svAsthya kI vRddhi | mAnasika svAsthya kI vRddhi / AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pUrti / - AhAra ke pramukha prakAra prAcInakAla meM AhAra ke mukhya rUpa se tIna prakAra batAe gae haiM 116. sAtvika AhAra rAjasika AhAra tAmasika AhAra jainAcAryoM ne tAmasika AhAra kA pUrNa niSedha kiyA hai, rAjasika AhAra ko AvazyakatAnusAra sImita mAtrA meM grahaNa karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai tathA sAtvika AhAra ko mukhya AhAra ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai| isI AdhAra para Age varNana kiyA jA rahA hai 1) jainAcAryoM dvArA niSiddha tAmasika AhAra jaina- AhAra-saMhitA kA yaha sabase prAthamika bindu hai| yadi vyakti tAmasika AhAra grahaNa karatA hai, to usakI tAmasika vRttiyA~ ubharane lagatI haiM, vaha pazuoM ke samAna vyavahAra karane lagatA hai| usameM ajJAna, pramAda, krUratA Adi avaguNoM kI vRddhi hone lagatI hai / tAmasika AhAra ke antargata mAMsAhAra, madyapAna Adi kA samAveza hotA 117 263 ahiMsA kA adhikAdhika pAlana / brahmacarya kI adhikAdhika nirmalatA / paryAvaraNIya tattvoM kA saMrakSaNa / 118 ka) mAMsAhAra jainAcAryoM ne mAMsa ko sarvathA tyAjya batAyA hai| mAMsAhAra se kSubdhatA evaM unmAda bar3hatA hai, jisase vyakti meM zarAba pIne evaM juA khelane kI vAsanAe~ jAgatI haiM aura vaha sarva doSoM se yukta ho jAtA hai, isIlie jainAcAryoM ne mAMsAhAra ko sapta vyasanoM meM zAmila kara usakI apavitratA ko darzAyA hai| AcArya vasunandI ne to mAMsa ko viSTA ke samAna gandA, choTe-choTe kIr3oM se yukta aura durgaMdhavAlA mAnA hai| 120 mahAbhArata, manusmRti, Ayurveda tathA Adhunika zarIra - zAstroM meM bhI mAMsa kI ghora bhartsanA karake zArIrika svAsthya kI dRSTi se ise anupasevya batAyA hai| 119 - vaijJAnika A~kar3e bhI yaha batAte haiM ki mAMsAhAra kI tulanA meM zAkAhAra adhika pauSTika evaM adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana 37 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #338
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ LO EAMKAMLCHEAUTICORATONER 3.60 334 SEER ArogyadAyaka hai| bhArata sarakAra kI svAsthya buleTina naM. 23 ke anusAra - tulanAtmaka cArTa (prati 100 grAma)121 _nAma proTIna (grAma) kArbohAiDreTa (grAma) khanija lavaNa (grAma) kailorI zAkAhArI khAdya padArtha mUMga 24.00 56. 60 3 60 soyAbIna 43.20 20.90 4.60 432 mUMgaphalI 31.50 19.30 2.30 549 spreTA dUdha pAuDara 38.30 51.00 6.80 357 ra mAMsAhArI khAdya padArtha aNDA 13.30 173 machalI 22.60 0 0.80 91 bakare kA mAMsa 18.50 1.30 194 gAya kA mAMsa 22.60 114 AN S HRA 1.00 BPORNHeal 30 1.00 jainAcAryoM ke dvArA niSiddha mAMsAhAra aneka prakAra ke zArIrika evaM mAnasika rogoM kA janaka hai| vizva svAsthya saMgaThana (W.H.O) ke buleTina naM. 637 meM 160 asAdhya saMkrAmaka rogoM kI sUcI prakAzita huI hai, jinakA pramukha kAraNa mAMsAhAra hai| inameM se pramukha roga haiM12 - hRdaya roga evaM ucca raktacApa rakta dhamaniyoM kA moTApana mirgI A~teM sar3anA va AmAzaya kI kamajorI A~toM kA alsara evaM kaiMsara viSa pratirodhaka zakti kA nAza epeMDisAiTisa ekjimA, mu~hAse Adi tvacA roga gurde kI bImArI mAigrena, iMphekzana, mAsikadharma sambandhI roga kaiMsara ityAdi sandhivAta, gaThiyA evaM vAyuroga isa prakAra, zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie mAMsAhAra evaM aNDAhAra kA sarvathA tyAga karanA Avazyaka kartavya hai| kha) madyapAna - zarAba evaM nazIle padArthoM ke sevana se bhI svAsthya kI atyadhika hAni hotI hai| yaha pramAda kA hetu bhI hai| jainAcAryoM ne ekAnta meM bhI kie gae madyapAna ko mahAdoSa batAyA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne madyapAna karane vAle vyakti meM nimna visaMgatiyoM kA honA darzAyA hai123 - zarIra kI vidrupatA * vividha zArIrika roga snAyuoM kI zithilatA 38 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 264 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #339
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ smRtilopa buddhi-bhraSTatA zaktihrAsa antarmAnasa meM dveSotpatti vANI meM kaThoratA pAcana-tantra Adhunika zarIrazAstriyoM ne bhI madyapAna ke anekAneka duSpariNAma batAe haiM, 124 jaise- kupoSaNa, enImiyA, zArIrika - durbalatA, DAyariyA, Diprezana Adi / madyapAna se vividha zArIrika - tantra bhI prabhAvita hote haiM aura isase aneka rogoM kI sambhAvanAe~ banatI haiM zArIrika-tantra samayabaddhatA kI kamI snAyu tantra janana-tantra 265 kulahInatA durjanoM kI saMgati sajjanoM kI asaMgati parivAra se tiraskAra rakta-parisaMcaraNa-tantra hRdaya roga evaM ucca raktacApa aadi| zvasana - tantra dharma kA nAza artha kA nAza kAma kA nAza sambhAvita roga annanalI meM sUjana, jalana, kaiMsara Adi lIvara meM hipeTAiTisa, sirosisa alkohalika pheTI lIvara, zarkarA kI kamI Adi / nimoniyA, kSayaroga (TI.bI.), phephaDoM meM ebsesa, mu~ha tathA gale ke kaiMsara kI sambhAvanA Adi / isa prakAra, zarAba tathA mAdakatA utpanna karane vAle sabhI padArthoM, jaise bIyara, vhiskI, rama, carasa, bhAMga, aphIma, heroina, brAunazugara ityAdi kA tyAga karanA atyAvazyaka hai / | smRtilopa, sAyakosisa, helusInezana (vibhrama), mirgI aadi| TesTosTIrona hArmona kI kamI, prajanana kSamatA kA hrAsa Adi / ga) zahada (madhu ) jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM zahada eka azuci padArtha hai, jisameM aneka prakAra ke rasaja jIvoM kI utpatti hotI hai, ataH zahada bhI tyAgane yogya padArtha hai / yaha madhumakkhiyoM kI lAra evaM vamana se taiyAra hotA hai, isameM lAkhoM jantuoM arthAt azakta madhumakkhiyoM evaM unake aNDoM ko naSTa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH buddhimAn purUSoM ko isakA sevana nahIM karanA cAhie / ' 125 gha) makkhana jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM, makkhana vaha padArtha hai, jisameM chAcha kA samparka chUTane ke tatkAla bAda atyadhika sUkSma aura adRzya trasa jIvoM kI utpatti ho jAtI hai| zarIra - zAstriyoM ke anusAra, kolesTraoNla ke sarvAdhika pramukha srotoM meM se makkhana bhI eka hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki ghI meM kolesTraoNla kI mAtrA makkhana se kama hotI I vastutaH makkhana meM secureTeDa pheTI aisiDa kI mAtrA atyadhika hotI hai aura isIlie makkhana hRdaya roga kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai| 127 isake atirikta yaha eka vikAravardhaka padArtha bhI hai, ataH sarvathA tyAjya hai / 126 jaina-paramparA meM mAMsa, madirA, madhu aura makkhana ina cAroM ko mahAvigaI (mahAvikRti) kahA adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 39
Page #340
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ gayA hai, kyoMki inameM apane hI varNa vAle asaMkhya adRzya trasa jIvoM kI utpatti ho jAtI hai, jo vikAravardhaka tathA AtmaguNoM ke ghAtaka hote haiN|128 ataH zarIra-prabandhana hetu inakA upayoga bilkula nahIM karanA caahie| Ga) anya padArtha - jaina-paramparA meM uparyukta cAra mahAvigaiyoM ke atirikta tAmasika prakRti vAle anya padArthoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai, jaise - baiMgana, calitarasa aadi| baiMgana adhika nidrAkAraka evaM kAmoddIpaka hone se tyAjya hai|129 isameM atyadhika bIja hote haiM, Topa meM sUkSma trasa jIva hote haiM tathA yaha patharI evaM pittAdika rogoM kA kAraNa bhI banatA hai| purANAdi anya zAstroM meM bhI isakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai tathA ise khAne vAle ko mUrkha kahA gayA hai| 130 jisa khAdyavastu kA svAbhAvika rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza bigar3a jAtA hai, use calitarasa kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhI tyAgane yogya hai, kyoMki isameM sar3ana-galana kI prakriyA (Fermentation) ghaTita hone se aneka jIvoM kI utpatti ho jAtI hai, isase tAmasika vRttiyA~ uddIpta hotI haiM, kabhI-kabhI to yaha prANanAzaka viSa (Food Poison) ke samAna kArya karatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne pratyeka padArtha kI samaya-maryAdA kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai, jisake pazcAt bhakSya padArtha calitarasa bana jAtA hai| kucha cIjeM, jaise - roTI. parAThA, sabjI, bhajiyA, kacaurI, khIra, baMgAlI miThAI Adi eka rAta bItane para hI calitarasa bana jAtI haiN| kucha cIjeM, jaise - ATA, khAkharA , civar3A, seva, motIcUra ke laDDu Adi kucha dinoM (zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra - grISma meM 20 dina, zIta meM 30 dina, varSA meM 15 dina adhikatama) ke pazcAt abhakSya ho jAtI haiM tathA anya kucha cIjeM, jaise - pApar3a, bar3I Adi kucha mahInoM ke pazcAt calitarasa bana jAtI hai|131 zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie nirdhArita samaya-sImA ke pazcAt inakA upayoga nahIM karanA caahie| isI prakAra, ve sabhI tAmasika vastue~ jo vyakti ko udAsIna, pramAdI evaM kAmI banAne meM sahAyaka hotI haiM, unheM jainAcAryoM ne AdhyAtmika evaM zArIrika dRSTi se tyAgane yogya kahA hai| yaha zarIra ke samyaka prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka hai| 2) jainAcAryoM ke dvArA sImita mAtrA meM anumata rAjasika AhAra jaina AhAra saMhitA kA yaha dUsarA bindu hai| jisa AhAra ke sevana se vyakti kI gatizIlatA evaM kriyAtmakatA kI abhivRddhi hotI hai, use rAjasika AhAra kahate haiN| yaha AhAra sImita mAtrA meM sevana kiyA jAe, to jIvana-yAtrA ke lie Avazyaka bala pradAna karatA hai, kintu yadi AvazyakatA se adhika mAtrA meM sevana kiyA jAe, to yaha anAvazyaka uttejanAoM evaM vyAdhiyoM kA kAraNa bhI banatA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha duSpAcya hotA hai, ise pacAne meM adhika samaya (lagabhaga pA~ca ghaNTe) laga jAte haiN| 132 yaha dikhane meM sundara aura khAne meM svAdiSTa hotA hai, isalie prAyaH atimAtrA meM isakA sevana ho jAyA karatA hai| isake antargata sabhI prakAra ke teja mirca-masAledAra, khaTTe-mIThe, caTapaTe, namakIna, 4n jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 266 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #341
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 133 miThAI evaM anya gariSTha vyaMjana A jAte haiM / ' cU~ki rAjasika bhojana kA atimAtrA meM sevana karane se kAma-krodhAdi cittavRttiyA~ uttejita hotI haiM tathA hRdayaroga, madhumeha, moTApA Adi zArIrika vyAdhiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM, ataH jainAcAryoM ne sImita mAtrA meM isa AhAra kA sevana karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai| "rasadAra vyaMjanoM kA adhika mAtrA meM sevana nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki inase dhAtue~ uddIpta ho jAtI haiM aura vyakti ko kAmanAe~ evaM vAsanAe~ usI taraha satAtI haiM, jisa taraha phaladAra vRkSa ko pakSI satAte haiM / " jaina - paramparA meM isIlie chaH prakAra kI vigaI arthAt vikRtikAraka padArthoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, pratyeka jIvana - prabandhaka ko vivekapUrvaka inakA tyAga avazya karanA caahie| prAcInakAla meM zrAvakavarga bhI pratidina eka vigaI kA tyAga karate hue sAtaveM dina (aSTamI, caturdazI) ko sarva vigaI ke tyAgarUpa Ayambila, upavAsAdi karate the| ye chaha vigaI haiM 135 134 1) dUdha 2) dahI 3) jainAcAryoM ke dvArA anumata sAtvika AhAra 3) ghI 4) tela jaina - AhAra-saMhitA kA yaha tIsarA bindu hai / jisa AhAra meM poSaka tattva to hoM, kintu mirca-masAle aura gariSThatA atimAtrA meM na ho, use sAtvika AhAra kahate haiN| isa prakAra ke AhAra se citta meM vikAra paidA nahIM hote, pratyuta pavitra evaM sAtvika bhAvanAe~ ubharatI haiN| isake antargata dhAnya, harI sabjiyA~, phala Adi Ate haiN| 136 zarIra - prabandhana ke lie sAtvika AhAra ke mApadaNDa pauSTika AhAra jainAcAryoM ne sadaiva poSaka tattvoM se yukta AhAra karane kI hI anumati dI hai, na ki tuccha yA asAra AhAra kii| unhoMne barpha, ole, miTTI, alpa gude vAle tuccha phaloM (bera Adi) ko sarvathA abhakSya batAyA hai / kahA bhI hai "bhakSitenApi kiM tena yena tRptiH arthAt una khAdya padArthoM ko khAne se kyA lAbha, jinako khAne se tRpti na 137 na jAyate" 138 mile / hitAhAra 139 zarIra-prabandhana ke lie yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki vyakti jIvana-yAtrA ko sukhapUrvaka calAne ke lie AhAra kare, na ki jIvana-yAtrA samApta karane ke lie| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie guTakhA, tambAkU, bhAMga, aphIma, viSa evaM anya avAMchita padArthoM (Slow Poison) ke sevana kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA hai | 267 1 5) gur3a evaM zakkara 6) talI huI vastue~ jJAta AhAra jainAcAryoM ne sadA usI AhAra ko sevana karane yogya mAnA hai, jisake nAma tathA guNa-doSoM kA samyak paricaya ho / unhoMne anajAne phalAdi ko isIlie abhakSya batAyA hai / zarIra - prabandhana kI dRSTi se bhI yaha niSedha ucita hI hai, kyoMki isase aneka roga tathA adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana 41 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #342
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 42 kadAcit prANaghAta hone kI sambhAvanA bhI hotI hai| AhAra grahaNa karane ke pUrva usake guNa-doSoM kI yathocita jAnakArI lene ko jainAcAryoM ne muni kA eka Avazyaka karttavya ( eSaNA - samiti) kahA hai| 140 141 asaMyojita AhAra jainAcAryoM ne muni ke lie saMyojanarahita AhAra arthAt do yA do se adhika vastuoM ko nahIM milAte hue AhAra karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| gRhastha ke lie bhI vRtti - parisaMkhyAna tapa ke dvArA sImita vividhatAoM vAlA bhojana karane kA hI nirdeza diyA hai| vizeSarUpa se mUMga, ur3ada, tuara, canA Adi dvidala (kaThola / dAla) ke sAtha kacce gorasa (dUdha, dahI evaM chAcha) ke AhAra kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA hai, jaise dahI-bar3A, kar3hI, dahI- pApar3a aadi| zArIrika svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI kucha logoM ko isase gaisTrika roga, gaThiyAvAta Adi kI zikAyata hotI hai| ahiMsaka AhAra jainadarzana kA mUla ahiMsA hai| jisa vyakti ke jIvana meM sUkSma-sthUla jIvoM ke prati dayA, prema aura sneha nahIM hotA, usake jIvana meM naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa bhI nahIM ho sktaa| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie Atmatulya dRSTi se ahiMsaka AhAra kI hI preraNA dI hai / yaha ahiMsaka AhAra zArIrika aniSTatA se bacAtA hai tathA AdhyAtmika pragati meM bhI sahAyaka hotA hai| isI AdhAra para, jainAcAryoM ne bAIsa prakAra ke abhakSya padArthoM kA niSedha kiyA hai, jinameM se adhikAMza abhakSya zArIrika svAsthya kI apekSA se bhI hAnikAraka hai| 'ahiMsaka AhAra' ke bAre meM kisI ne kahA bhI hai 142 a amRtamayI AhAra ho hiM hiMsArahita AhAra ho - supathya AhAra uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yaha dRSTi milatI hai ki vyakti ko rasalolaputA chor3akara sadaiva supathya AhAra kA sevana karanA cAhie / eka kathAnaka ke anusAra, eka vaidya ne eka rogI rAjA ko Ama khAnA kupathyakAraka batAyA, parantu vanavihAra meM rAjA kA mana lalacA gayA, vaidya ke sujhAva kI avagaNanA kara maMtrI ke manA karane para bhI usane Ama khA liyaa| Ama khAte hI rAjA kI mRtyu ho gii| 143 isase supathya AhAra kA mahattva svataH siddha hai| - sa santulita AhAra ho ka kalyANakArI AhAra ho A AnandakArI AhAra ho hA hAjamAkArI (supAcya) AhAra ho rogarahita AhAra ho jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 268
Page #343
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kra. mausama anukUla AhAra jainAcAryoM ne sadaiva prakRti pradatta phala-sabjiyoM ko hI khAdya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra, prakRti ke pratikUla AhAra karanA roga kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina- paramparA meM harI pattI, bhAjI, tillI, sUkhe meve Adi ko zIta Rtu meM hI sevanIya kahA gayA hai| calitarasa (jisameM sar3ana utpanna ho rahI ho ) kA varjana bhI isI abhiprAya se hai ki vyakti Rtu anusAra apanI AhAra vyavasthA kara le, khAdya padArthoM kA anAvazyaka saMgraha na kare, anyathA inase svAsthya hAni bhI ho sakatI hai aura jIvotpatti ke kAraNa se hiMsA bhI / santulita AhAra jIvana ke vividha kAryoM ko karane ke lie zarIra ko UrjA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jisakI pUrti bhojana se hotI hai| bhojana ke kucha poSaka tattva zarIra ko nirogI banAe rakhate haiM, to kucha zarIra kI vRddhi aura saMcAlana meM sahAyatA karate haiM / jainAcAra ke anukUla bhojana ke pramukha poSaka tattva isa prakAra haiN| - bhojana ke ghaTaka 1) proTIna 2) vasA 3) kArbohAiDreTsa 4) viTAmina 5) khanija lavaNa 6) jala 269 - (a) bhojana ke kucha pramukha ghaTaka (jainAcAra ke AdhAra para) 144 prApti ke srota dUdha, dAleM, soyAbIna Adi ghI, tela Adi anAja, zakkara Adi harI pattedAra sabjI, phala Adi dUdha, phala, sabjiyA~ Adi prakRti zArIrika vRddhi karanA tathA kozikAoM kI marammata karanA zarIra ko UrjA evaM mAMsapeziyoM ko zakti pradAna karanA zarIra ko UrjA pradAna karanA kArya rogoM se zarIra kI rakSA karanA zarIra ko svastha rakhanA tathA roga pratirodhaka kSamatA bar3hAnA zArIrika tApakrama sthira rakhanA aura utsarjana, pAcana Adi kriyAoM meM sahAyaka honA adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 43
Page #344
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (ba) zarIra-upayogI kucha mahattvapUrNa khanija (jainAcAra ke AdhAra para)145 khanija khAdya-strota dainika kArya kamI kA pariNAma khapata kailziyama dUdha, pattI vAlI 1 grAma asthi tathA dA~toM kA nirmANa, khUna sUkhA (rikeTsa), asthiyoM meM sabjiyA~ kA thakkA jamAnA, mAMsapeziyoM meM khanijoM kA alpIkaraNa AkuMcana, snAyuoM kA saMvahana phaoNsphorasa dUdha, panIra 1.5 grAma asthi tathA dA~toM kA nirmANa, asthiyoM meM khanijoM kA UrjA cayApacaya, snAyu evaM alpIkaraNa, cayApacayika mAMsapeziyoM kI kriyAe~ kriyAoM meM gar3abar3I poTeziyama adhikAMza prakAra ke 1 se 2 snAyu evaM mAMsapeziyoM kI kriyAe~ hRdaya kI kriyAoM meM gar3abar3I, khAdya padArtha grAma snAyu kI gar3abar3I soDiyama adhikAMza prakAra ke 2.5 grAma amla-pratyamla-santulana, durbalatA, aiMThana, atisAra, jala khAdya padArtha, namaka taralAMza-santulana kA alpIkaraNa lohA akhaNDita gehU~, 18 himoglobIna, mAyoglobIna aura raktAlpatA, pAcana-tantrIya sema, maTara milIgrAma kiNvakoM kA abhinna hissA gar3abar3I maigneziyama harI sabjiyA~ 400 snAyu-mAMsapezIya sandezavAhana, atiuttejanazIlatA, milIgrAma glukoja aura e.TI.pI. ke cayApacaya rakta-vAhiniyoM kA vistArIkaraNa kA eka anivArya aMga (adhikatA hone para snAyuoM meM vahana virodha) tA~bA adhikAMza himoglobIna kA saMzleSaNa raktAlpatA khAdyapadArtha milIgrAma maiganIja sAmAnya bhojana ajJAta kiNvakoM ko sakriya karatA hai vandhyIkaraNa, mAsika srAva meM aniyamitatA jastA adhikAMza 1.5 grAma kiNvakoM kA eka hissA, vikAsa evaM laiMgika paripakvatA meM khAdyapadArtha kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa ke saMvAhana mandatA, carmaroga evaM pAcana-kriyA meM yogadAna kobAlTa adhikAMza viTAmina bI-2 kA anivArya aMga raktAlpatA khAdyapadArtha, nala milIgrAma kA pAnI klorIna adhikAMza 335 hAiDroklorika esiDa kA taralAMza-santulana meM gar3abar3I khAdyapadArtha, namaka milIgrAma klorAiDa aMza AyoDIna AyoDAijDa namaka 25 thAyarAiDa ke hArmonoM kA nirmANa thAyarAiDa kI kriyA meM kamI, milIgrAma galagaNDa phlorIna peyajala ajJAta dA~toM aura asthiyoM ko majabUta dA~toM kA roga, kamajora asthiyA~ banAnA hai| 44 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 270 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #345
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (sa) zarIra-upayogI kucha mahattvapUrNa viTAmina (jainAcAra ke AdhAra para) niyAsina 53 CINS dUdha SEKSI viTAmina khAdya-srota dainika khapata kamI kA pariNAma e (reTinola) phala, sAga-sabjiyA~ 5000 AI.yU. = rataundhIpana 3 milIgrAma bI-1 (thiyAmina) akhaNDita dhAnya (cokara yA 1.5 milIgrAma meM kamI, apaca, berI-berI nAmaka kA chilake sahita) dUdha, phalIdAra roga zimba, giridAra phala bI-2 dUdha, pattI vAlI sabjiyA~ 1.7 milIgrAma carmaroga, tvacA-zotha, jihvA- zotha, mu~ha ke konoM kA phaTanA phalIdAra zimba, dUdha, mUMgaphalI 20 milIgrAma / pAgalapana, atisAra, carmaroga bI-6 2 milIgrAma raktAlpatA, carmaroga, mUrchA, kITANuoM dvArA utpanna rogoM kI sambhAvanA bAyorina dUdha, zAka-sabjI, girIdAra 0.3 milIgrAma carmaroga, mAMsapeziyoM meM darda phala, dhAnya pholika esiDa vanaspati, pUre dAne vAle dhAnya, 4 milIgrAma / raktAlpatA, vikAsa meM mandatA (sAyaeno kobAlmina) kelA bI-12 dUdha 06 mAikrogrAma khataranAka raktAlpatA sI (eskorbikaesiDa) nIMbUvaMzIya phala, TamATara, 60 milIgrAma skarvI, vajana meM kamI, durbalatA, dA~toM A~valA, santarA, aMgUra, pattI kA giranA, asthi-bhaMguratA, jor3oM meM vAlI sabjiyA~ darda DI-2 dUdha, sUrya kA prakAza 40 AI.yU. 40 AI.ya. sUkhA (rikeTsa), asthiyoM meM khokhalApana (Osteoporosis) aura bhaMguratA Adi DI-3 dUdha, sUrya kA prakAza 20 mAikrogrAma adhika mAtrA ke pariNAma - gurde meM patharI, komalatA, tantuoM meM kailziyama kA jamAva Adi gehU~, tela, dUdha 30 AI.yU. mAMsapeziyoM meM khiMcAva, prajanana kSamatA meM kamI Adi pattI vAlI sabjiyA~, TamATara, ajJAta rakta kA thakkA jamane meM derI, hemareja (rakta-vAhinI kA phaTanA) HEREROE 271 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #346
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa prakAra, bhojana kaisA ho, isa prazna para vicAra karane para tIna vikalpa sAmane Ate haiM146 - kucha loga svAda ke lie bhojana karate haiN| kucha loga svAsthya ke lie bhojana karate haiN| kucha loga sAdhanA ke lie bhojana karate haiN| uparyukta meM se pahalA vikalpa nikRSTa hai, dUsarA madhyama hai evaM tIsarA utkRSTa hai aura zarIra-prabandhana hetu anukaraNIya hai| jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para zarIra-prabandhana karate hue AhAra aisA lenA cAhie, jisase svastha zarIra ke sAtha svastha AtmA kI prApti kI sAdhanA bhI uttarottara bar3hatI calI jaae| kahA bhI hai - 'zarIra ke lie AhAra mokSamArga kI sAdhanA kA hetu honA caahie|" (ga) AhAra kitanI bAra karanA - jainaAcArazAstroM meM utsarga yAni sAmAnya rUpa se pratidina eka bAra hI bhojana karane (ekAsaNA) kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|148 yaha niyama kevala muni kI apekSA se hI nahIM, apitu gRhastha sAdhakoM ke lie bhI nirdiSTa hai|149 svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki isase bhojana ko pacane ke lie samucita samaya mila jAtA hai| __ apavAda se jainaAcArazAstroM meM biyAsaNA arthAt do bAra bhojana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, Ayurveda meM zatAyu jIvana jIne ke lie kucha maryAdAoM kA ullekha hai, jinameM se eka pramukha hai - pratidina do bAra hI bhojana krnaa| 150 vizeSa paristhiti meM do bAra se adhika bhojana kI chUTa bhI jaina-paramparA meM dI jAtI hai, parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki vyakti dina bhara khAtA hI rhe| jainazAstroM meM saMyamita yA prabandhita AhAra-zailI ko apanAne ke lie vividha tapasyAoM kA varNana milatA hai, jaise - 1) divasa sambandhI tapa * navakArasI - sUryodaya se 2 ghar3I (48 miniTa) bAda taka nahIM khaanaa| * porisI - sUryodaya se eka prahara (lagabhaga 3 ghaNTe) bAda taka nahIM khaanaa| * sADDhaporisI - sUryodaya se Der3ha prahara (lagabhaga 4.30 ghaNTe) bAda taka nahIM khaanaa| * purimaDDa - sUryodaya se do prahara (lagabhaga 6 ghaNTe) bAda taka nahIM khaanaa| * avaDDa - sUryodaya se tIna prahara (lagabhaga 9 ghaNTe) bAda taka nahIM khaanaa| * biyAsaNA - dina meM do bAra bhojana karanA, pIne meM ubAla kara ThaMDe kie hue jala kA upayoga krnaa| ekAsaNA - dina meM eka bAra bhojana karanA, pIne meM ubAla kara ThaMDe kie hue jala kA upayoga krnaa| Ayambila - SaDvigaI ke tyAgapUrvaka ekAsaNA krnaa| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 272 4A For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #347
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ * upavAsa (tivihAra) - sirpha uSNa jala piinaa| * upavAsa (cauvihAra) - AhAra-pAnI kA pUrNa tyAga krnaa| 2) rAtri sambandhI tapa * duvihAra/tivihAra - sUryAsta ke pazcAt sirpha pAnI kA prayoga karanA (rAtri ke prathama prahara kI samApti ke pUrva tk)| * cauvihAra - sUryAsta ke pazcAt AhAra pAnI kA pUrNa tyAga krnaa| * pANAhAra - dina meM tapasyA karane para sUryAsta ke pazcAt pAnI kA bhI pUrNa tyAga krnaa| ina pratyAkhyAnoM kA paripAlana kara vyakti apane jIvana ko prabandhita kara lete haiM, parantu jo inakA pAlana nahIM karate, unheM jaina-paramparA meM svecchAcArI mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra, jo loga dina-rAta khAte hI rahate haiM, ve sIMga aura pU~cha rahita pazu ke samAna haiN|151 (gha) AhAra kaba karanA - jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, asamaya meM kiyA gayA mahAn kArya bhI nirarthaka ho jAtA hai, ataH zarIra-prabandhana ke lie AhAra ke ucita kAla kA viveka bhI eka anivArya AvazyakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM nimnalikhita bindu vicAraNIya haiM - * bhUkha lagane para hI khaanaa|152 pratidina niyata samaya para bhojana krnaa|153 supAtradAna dene ke pazcAt hI khaanaa| 154 ajIrNa hone para nahIM khaanaa|155 mana zAnta ho, tabhI khaanaa|156 nIMda se uThakara turanta nahIM khaanaa|157 zarIra meM halkApana mahasUsa ho, taba khaanaa|158 mala-mUtra kA vega rokakara kabhI nahIM khaanaa|159 bAhara se Ane ke bAda (kucha samaya) vizrAma karake bhojana krnaa|160 1) bhojana karane kA ucita samaya uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM muni ke sandarbha meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki muni dina ke tIsare prahara meM AhAra grahaNa kre|101 zrAddhavidhi prakaraNa meM zrAvaka ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha madhyAhna meM jina-pUjA, supAtradAnAdi karake hI bhojana kre|162 yadyapi madhyAhna meM bhojana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, tathApi uparyukta binduoM ke AdhAra para bhojana ke ucita samaya kA nirdhAraNa karanA caahie| 273 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #348
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2) Ayurveda kA abhimata jaina-paramparA meM nirdiSTa AhAra-vyavasthA svAsthya kI dRSTi se kitanI ucita hai, yaha tathya Ayurvedika abhimata se bhI siddha ho jAtA hai| usameM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki madhyAhna kAla (lagabhaga 12 se 2 baje taka) pittavRddhi kA samaya hai aura yadi isameM bhojana kiyA jAe, to bhojana zIghra va adhika aMza meM pacatA hai, pariNAmataH zarIra adhika puSTa hotA hai|183 3) ApavAdika paristhitiyA~ zrAvaka ko sadaiva ekAsaNA karanA yogya hai, parantu yadi pratidina ekAsaNA na ho sake, to bhI kama se kama nimnalikhita binduoM kA pAlana karanA hI cAhie - sUryodaya ke do ghar3I (48 miniTa) ke bAda hI AhAra kA grhnn| sUryAsta meM do ghar3I (48 miniTa) zeSa rahate AhAra kA tyaag| rAtri meM asahya hone para bhI kama se kama duvihAra/tivihAra kA pratyAkhyAna / 4) rAtribhojana-niSedha jainaAcAramImAMsA meM rAtribhojana ke niSedha ko atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| rAtribhojana na kevala dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se, apitu vijJAna evaM svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI tyAjya hai| dhArmika dRSTi se - * dazavaikAlikasUtrAnusAra 164 -- 'rAtribhojana muni ke lie tirapana anAcIrNoM meM se eka hai arthAt yaha atikrama, vyatikrama, aticAra hI nahIM, kintu anAcAra hai|' * vizeSAvazyakabhASyAnusAra 165 - 'rAtribhojana kA tyAga karane se ahiMsA mahAvrata kA saMrakSaNa hotA hai|' * dazavaikAlikasUtrAnusAra166 - 'ahiMsAdi pA~ca mahAvratoM ke sAtha hI rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA cAhie aura isa vrata ko mahAvratoM kI taraha hI dRr3hatA se pAlanA caahie|' * yogazAstrAnusAra 167 - 'jo loga dina ke badale rAta ko hI khAte haiM, ve mUrkha manuSya sacamuca hIre ko chor3akara kA~ca ko grahaNa karate haiN|' * mahAbhAratagranthAnusAra - 'jo loga madyapAna, mAMsAhAra, rAtribhojana evaM jamIkanda kA bhakSaNa karate haiM, unakI tIrthayAtrA, japa-tapa Adi anuSThAna niSphala ho jAte haiN|' * yajurvedAnusAra168 - 'deva hamezA dina ke prathama prahara meM, RSi-muni dina ke dUsare prahara meM, pitRjana dina ke tIsare prahara meM tathA daitya, dAnava, yakSa evaM rAkSasa sandhyA ke samaya bhojana karate haiN|' 48 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 274 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #349
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AdhyAtmika dRSTi se169 - * jo loga rAtribhojana nahIM karate, unameM apramattatA evaM sakriyatA kA vikAsa hotA hai, sAtha hI AtmA puSTa banatI hai| aise loga sAyaMkAlIna pratikramaNa, dhyAna, bhakti Adi meM bhI mana lagA sakate haiN| vaijJAnika dRSTi se - * rAtri meM prANavAyu kI mAtrA kama ho jAtI hai aura kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa (CO2) kI mAtrA bar3ha jAtI hai| * sUrya kI kiraNoM meM inphrAreDa (Infrared) tathA alTrA-vAyaleTa (Ultra-violet) kiraNeM hotI haiM, jo katrima prakAza srotoM meM nahIM hotii| inameM se inphrAreDa kiraNeM vAtAvaraNa meM sUkSmajIvoM kI utpatti nahIM hone detii|70 sone ke kama se kama tIna ghaNTe pUrva taka bhojana avazya kara lenA cAhie, jisase pAcana kriyA vyavasthita ho ske| * sUrya se na kevala prakAza milatA hai, apitu viTAmina-DI Adi jIvanadAyinI zaktiyA~ bhI milatI haiN| AyurvedAnusAra - 'zarIra meM do mukhya kamala hote haiM - hRdaya-kamala evaM naabhi-kml| ina donoM kA saMcAlana sUrya se jur3A hai, sUryAsta hone para jaise kamaladala sikur3a jAte haiM, vaise hI ye donoM kamala bhI zithila (saMkucita) ho jAte haiM arthAt inakI gati manda par3a jAtI hai, ataH rAtribhojana karane se aneka rogoM kI utpatti hotI hai| 171 yaha zodha kA viSaya hai ki cikitsA-vijJAna meM nAbhi-sthAna ke tantuoM ko 'Solar Plexus' kyoM kahA jAtA hai? sambhavatayA Solar zabda nAbhi-sthAna ke avayavoM kI sUrya ke sAtha sambaddhatA arthAt kriyAzIlatA kA sUcaka hai|12 isa prakAra, yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA eka Avazyaka karttavya hai|113 jainadRSTi se rAtribhojana kise kaheM?174 kra. bhojana ke vikalpa rAtribhojana hai' yA 'nahIM' 1) dina meM banAnA, rAta meM khAnA 2) rAta meM bamAnA, dina meM khAnA 3) rAta meM banAnA, rAta meM khAnA 4) dina meM banAnA, dina meM khAnA adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana hai 275 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #350
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (Ga) AhAra kahA~ karanA jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM jIvana - prabandhaka ko kevala unhIM sthAnoM para AhAra karanA cAhie, jahA~ AhAra-zuddhi kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA ho| upAsaka - adhyayana meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhAvoM kI vizuddhi ke lie bhojana kI zuddhi honA anivArya hai, yadi bhojana zuddha nahIM ho, to hajAroM upacAra karake bhI bhAvoM kI vizuddhatA ko prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 75 sAgAradharmAmRta meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki yogya gRhastha ko udyAna meM bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie / yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ApavAdika rUpa se yadi vyavahAra - nirvAha kI majabUrI ho, to binA doSa lagAe sAdharmika bhAiyoM ke ghara meM athavA vivAhAdika meM bhojana kiyA jA sakatA hai / 177 176 uparyukta tathya ke AdhAra para nimnalikhita sthAnoM para bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie hoTala, restrAM evaM DhAbA sinemAghara evaM anya sArvajanika sthAna cAya, kaoNphI, kacaurI, AIsakrIma, pAna Adi ke sTaoNla udyAna (Garden and Picnic resorts) sahabhoja evaM prItibhoja uparyukta sthAnoM para bhojana isIlie nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki vahA~ zuddhi - azuddhi pauSTikatA - apauSTikatA, sAtvikatA - tAmasikatA, ahiMsA - hiMsA Adi kA viveka na to rakhA jAtA hai aura na hI rakhane kA uddezya hotA hai, parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki ghara kA bhojana sarvathA svIkArya hai| yadi gehU~, dAla, cAvala, ATA, besana Adi binA chAne, binA bIne prayukta kie jAte haiM, gAne sunate-sunate sabjI sudhArI jAtI hai, bAtacIta karate-karate bhojana banAyA jAtA hai, kleza - kalaha karate-karate bhojana parosA jAtA hai, cintA evaM tanAva ke sAtha AhAra kiyA jAtA hai, TI.vI. dekhate-dekhate AhAra kiyA jAtA hai, to aisA AhAra bhI anupayukta hai| isa sthiti meM ghara kA banA AhAra bhI mAnasika evaM zArIrika visaMgatiyoM kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai| isIlie buddhimAn logoM ne Rtabhuk arthAt zuddha bhojana vAle sthAnoM para hI bhojana karane kI preraNA hai 178 (ca) AhAra kitanA karanA zarIra - prabandhana ke lie AhAra kI mAtrA kA viveka honA bhI atyAvazyaka hai| Aja cikitsAlayoM meM praveza pAne vAle lagabhaga 87% rogiyoM ke roga kA mUla kAraNa ajIrNa se sambandhita hotA hai, jo isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki adhikAMza loga pramANa se adhika AhAra sevana karate haiN| 179 - 180 jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, eka svastha puruSa kA AhAra battIsa kavala, strI kA aTThAvIsa kavala aura napuMsaka kA caubIsa kavala hotA hai| mUlaArAdhanA meM kavala kA parimANa 1000 cAvala ke dAnoM jitanA, ' bhagavatI meM vyakti (purUSa) kI khurAka kA battIsavAM bhAga jitanA ' aura vyavahArabhASya meM bar3e A~vale arthAt mukha pramANa jitanA parimANa mAnA gayA hai| yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ye parimANa sthUla rUpa 181 182 50 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 276 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #351
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ se batAe gae haiN| 189 vyavahArabhASya meM AhAra ke anupAta kA RtuvAra varNana prApta hotA hai184 - grISma varSA zIta AhAra 2 bhAga 4 bhAga 3 bhAga jala 3 bhAga 1 bhAga 2 bhAga vAyu 1 bhAga 1 bhAga 1 bhAga jainadarzana meM tapa ko utkRSTa dharma ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| inameM se jo bAhyatapa haiM, unameM cAra tapa kA zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie vizeSa mahattva hai - tapaya abhiprAya 1) anazana AhAra kA tyAga krnaa| 2) UnodarI bhUkha se kama khaanaa| 3) vRttisaMkSepa AhAra ke prakAroM kA sImAkaraNa krnaa| 4) rasa-parityAga svAda kA Agraha chodd'naa| ina cAroM prakAra ke tapoM kA mUla dhyeya hai - AhAra kI mAtrA para aMkuza lagAnA aura Arogya kA saMrakSaNa krnaa| 1) anazana - isakA artha sirpha upavAsa (laMghana) hI nahIM hai, anazana to svayaM eka cikitsA hai| DaoN. selTana ke anusAra, upavAsa kA pahalA lAbha hai - zarIra ke vijAtIya padArthoM kA niSkAsita honaa| AhAra se zarIra meM viSa jamA ho jAtA hai aura yadi isa viSa (dUSita sAmagriyoM) ko zarIra se bAhara nahIM nikAlA jAe, to svAsthya bigar3a jAtA hai| upavAsa kA hI dUsarA lAbha hai - pAcana-tantra ko vizrAma milnaa| jIvana kA AdhAra hI pAcana-tantra hai aura atimAtrA meM AhAra karane se isa para dabAva AtA hai, jisase zarIra ke anya tantra bhI prabhAvita evaM rogagrasta ho jAte haiN| upavAsa ke mAdhyama se pAcana-tantra ko vizrAma milatA hai, jisase usakI pAcana kSamatA meM bhI sudhAra AtA hai|185 2) UnodarI - isakA artha hai - pramANopeta AhAra se kama AhAra krnaa| yaha jainadarzana kA advitIya tapa hai aura dIrghAyu hone kA mUla kAraNa bhii| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko DhUMsa-ThUsa kara AhAra nahIM karanA caahie| 186 vahIM nizIthabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki alpamAtrA meM liyA gayA AhAra guNakArI siddha hotA hai|187 yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jinakA AhAra alpa hai, unheM devatA bhI praNAma karate haiN|188 oghaniyukti meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki alpAhArI arthAt sImita mAtrA meM AhAra karane vAle ko kisI cikitsaka kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hotii|189 isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM sadA hI AhAra kI mAtrA ko saMyamita karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| 277 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 51 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #352
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vyavahAra jagat meM jIvana-prabandhaka yadi apane peTa ko pUrA nahIM bharatA hai, to use UnodarI tapa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isase aneka lAbha dikhAI dete haiM, jaise190 - Alasya meM kamI svAsthya kI surakSA buddhi kA vikAsa Atmonnati kI pAtratA 3) vRttisaMkSepa - yaha tapa peTa ko anAvazyaka vividhatAoM vAle AhAra se bacAtA hai| Aja vyakti prItibhojAdi meM rasa-lolupatA se grasta hokara atimAtrA meM AhAra karatA hai| vaha pratyeka sTaoNla meM rakhI sAmagriyoM kA Ananda lenA cAhatA hai, lekina pariNAma meM pIr3A hI pAtA hai| vRttisaMkSepa tapa ke dvArA vaha isa prakAra kI ativRtti se baca sakatA hai| kisI ne kahA bhI hai - khAve bakarI kI taraha, sUkhe lakar3I kI trh|191 4) rasaparityAga - yaha tapa ghI, tela, dUdha, dahI Adi rasoM ke sevana kA varjana karatA hai| svAsthyazAstriyoM kA kahanA hai ki rasoM kA sevana pratidina nahIM karanA cAhie, kabhI karanA aura kabhI chor3anA caahie| 192 jaina-paramparA meM rasa-santulana ke lie rasaparityAga kI vidhi hai, jisake antargata nIvi, Ayambila , vigaI-tyAga Adi vyavasthAe~ haiN| isa tapa ke aneka lAbha haiM, jaise193 - * kolesTraoNla kI mAtrA meM vRddhi para roka * hRdaya roga evaM ucca raktacApa se bacAva moTApe para niyaMtraNa madhumeha se rakSA ityAdi __ ataeva binA haThAgraha ke uparyukta tapoM kA sevana karane se svAsthya kI abhivRddhi hotI hai aura yadi AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke sAtha ina tapoM kA sevana kiyA jAe, to Atma-svAsthya kI abhivRddhi bhI hotI hai| jainadharma meM mUlataH tapa kA antima dhyeya Atmavijaya hI hai| (cha) AhAra kaise karanA - jainadarzana meM zramaNa evaM zrAvaka donoM ke lie eka vyavasthita AhAra-vidhi batAI gaI hai, jisakA sevana pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka ko apanI-apanI bhUmikAnusAra karanA caahie| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM muni kI AhAra-vidhi kA suvyavasthita citraNa kiyA gayA hai, kintu vistArabhaya se ise yahA~ nahIM darzAyA jA rahA hai|194 zrAddhadharma, kalyANakAraka Adi granthoM meM zrAvaka kI AhAra-vidhi kA jo varNana milatA hai, usake AdhAra para Age varNana kiyA jA rahA hai - anya sadasyoM ko bhojana karAkara bhojana krnaa| svaccha Asana para sthira citta se baiThakara AhAra krnaa| jUte-cappala pahanakara athavA palaMga para baiThakara bhojana nahIM krnaa| iSTadeva ke nAmasmaraNapUrvaka bhojana prArambha krnaa| khule meM, dhUpa meM, andhakAra meM athavA vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara bhojana nahIM krnaa| 52 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 278 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #353
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ apavitra zarIra se bhojana nahIM krnaa| * rajasvalA strI ke saMsarga se dUra rahakara bhojana krnaa| AhAra samaya para karanA, jisase use punaH garama na karanA pdd'e| na adhika dhIre aura na adhika jaldI AhAra krnaa|195 bhojana karate samaya anna kI nindA nahIM krnaa| donoM hAtha jUThe nahIM krnaa| atizaya rasalolupatA ke sAtha bhojana nahIM krnaa| * jUThA khAnA nahIM, jUThe mu~ha bolanA nahIM evaM jUThA chor3anA nhiiN| zarIra Ter3hA-mer3hA karate hue bhojana nahIM krnaa| bhojana karate hue sara-sara, caba-caba Adi zabda nahIM krnaa| bhojana karate hue nIce nahIM giraanaa| bhojana ko atizaya garma , ThaNDA, khArA, mIThA, tIkhA, kar3avA, khaTTA Adi karake nahIM khaanaa| ha~sate-ha~sate yA bolate-bolate nahIM khAnA, yadi khAnA zvAsanalI meM cale jAe, to prANa-ghAtaka bhI ho sakatA hai|196 * pratyeka kavala ko battIsa bAra cabA-cabA kara khAnA, jisase A~toM para dabAva na aae|197 bhojya sAmagriyoM ko milAkara nahIM khAnA, jisase rAga kA poSaNa na ho evaM unheM pUrI taraha cabAyA jA ske| 198 * bhojana ke pazcAt divasacarima athavA sImita samaya ke lie bhojana kA tyAga krnaa| bhojana ke pazcAt iSTa deva kA smaraNa karake uThanA aura caityavandana krnaa| bhojana karane ke ThIka bAda zarIra kA mardana, malamUtra kA tyAga, bhAravahana, nahAnA Adi kArya nahIM krnaa| * bhojana karane ke pazcAt sonA nahIM, sonA hI par3e to kama se kama sau kadama avazya clnaa| bhojana ke pazcAt vAcanAdi pA~ca prakAra kA svAdhyAya krnaa|199 bhojana ke pUrva pAnI nahIM pInA, anyathA zarIra kRza hotA hai| * bhojana ke madhya meM pAnI pIne se zarIra na hI kRza hotA hai aura na mottaa| * bhojana ke anta meM (thor3I dera ke bAda) pAnI pIne se zarIra hRSTa-puSTa hotA hai|200 279 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 53 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #354
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) jala-prabandhana jala aura svAsthya kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| yadi jala dUSita hotA hai, to kaI prakAra ke rogoM kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| ataH zarIra-prabandhana ke lie jainAcAryoM ke dvArA nirdiSTa zuddha jala kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai| Aja vyakti ke samakSa jala ke nimnalikhita vikalpa haiM - 1) olA 2) pahAr3a kA barpha 3) phaikTarI kA barpha 4) phrIja kA barpha 5) tAlAba, nadI, kue~ Adi kA anachanA jala 6) sArvajanika sthAnoM kI TaMkiyoM kA jala 7) nala, boriMga Adi kA anachanA jala 8) minarala vaoNTara 9) ekvAgArDa kA jala 10) Ara. o. (R.O.) kA jala 11) chanA huA jala 12) dhovana pAnI 13) uSNa jala (ubAlakara ThaMDA kiyA jala) 14) DisTilDa vaoNTara 1) olA201 - jainazAstroM meM isakA spaSTa niSedha hai, bAIsa prakAra ke abhakSya padArthoM meM ise sthAna diyA gayA hai| isake aneka doSa haiM, jaise - yaha asaMkhya apkAya-jIvoM kA piNDa hai| isameM trasa jIvoM kI vidyamAnatA bhI hai| peya jala ke rahate isakI koI upayogitA bhI nahIM hai| vAyu pradUSaNa se jahA~ kArbana mono-oNksAiDa Adi viSailI gaisoM kI mAtrA bar3ha rahI hai aura amlavarSA (Acid Rain) bhI ho rahI hai, vahIM sirpha zauka ke lie olA khAnA kataI samajhadArI nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha viSarUpa bhI ho sakatA hai| isase jaTharAgni manda par3atI hai, ajIrNa Adi kI sambhAvanA bhI bar3hatI hai| 2) pahAr3a kA barpha - ise bhI ole ke samAna hI doSapUrNa aura tyAjya jAnanA caahie| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 280 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #355
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3) phaikTarI kA barpha - barpha kI sarvAdhika khapata grISma Rtu meM hI hotI hai| cUMki isa Rtu meM pAnI kI upalabdhatA kama hotI hai, ataH adhikAMza phaikTariyoM meM lambe samaya taka pAnI kA saMgraha karake rakhA jAtA hai, jisameM kaI jIvANuoM kI utpatti ho jAyA karatI hai| isake atirikta kabhI-kabhI to gande nAle, dUSita kue Adi ke pAnI kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isase TAIphAiDa, pIliyA, DAyariyA Adi rogoM ke hone kI sambhAvanA bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| inake atirikta isa barpha meM prAyaH ve sabhI doSa hote haiM, jo ole se sambandhita haiM, ataH jainAcAryoM ne ise bhI tyAjya batAyA hai| 4) phrIja kA barpha - ise bhI ole ke samAna hI doSapUrNa evaM tyAjya mAnanA caahie| 5) kue~, tAlAba, nadI Adi kA anachanA jala - isa jala ko bhI peya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, isameM aneka asvAsthyaprada tattva maujUda hote haiN| isameM na kevala kacarA, gandagI, paoNlithIna Adi pravAhita kie jAte haiM, apitu jaiva avazeSa bhI visarjita kie jAte haiN| ataH, vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha jala aneka rogoM kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne bhI hiMsAdi aneka kAraNoM se isa jala ke sevana kA niSedha kiyA hai| AcArAMga meM to municaryA ko darzAte hue kahA gayA hai ki tAlAbAdi ke jala ko grahaNa karanA cauryakarma hai|202 6) sArvajanika sthAnoM kI TaMkiyoM kA jala - bahuta dinoM taka saphAI na hone se tathA chAnane kI vyavasthA bhI nahIM hone se jainAcAryoM ne isa jala ke sevana kA bhI niSedha kiyA hai| 7) nala, boriMga Adi kA anachanA jala - jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, anachanA jala bhI asevya hai, kyoMki isameM asaMkhyAta apkAyika jIvoM ke sAtha-sAtha aneka trasa jIva bhI hote haiN| 203 kepTana skorsabI ne bhI sUkSma-darzaka yaMtra ke dvArA eka bUMda jala meM 36,450 trasa jIvoM ko dikhAkara isa tathya kI puSTi kI hai|204 8) minarala vaoNTara - yadyapi zuddharIti se banA huA minarala vaoNTara kisI hada taka peya ho sakatA hai, phira bhI isameM prayukta minarala kauna-kauna se haiM, kisa prakriyA se isa pAnI ko banAyA jAtA hai tathA banane ke kitane kAla ke pazcAt isakA sevana kiyA jAtA hai, Adi saMdigdhatAoM ke kAraNa se ise bhI peya nahIM mAnanA caahie| 9) ekvAgArDa kA jala - yaha eka Adhunika takanIka se prApta jala hai, isIlie prAcIna jainazAstroM meM isakA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| yadyapi isameM baikTeriyA kA abhAva hotA hai, tathApi isakI takanIka se upabhoktA anabhijJa hotA hai| ataH, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isameM sUkSma apkAyika tathA trasa jIvoM kA pUrNa abhAva hotA hI hai| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie tIna bAra ubAla Ae hue jala ke sevana kI pramukhatA dI hai| 281 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 55 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #356
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10) Ara. o. (R.O.) kA jala - ise bhI ekvAgArDa ke jala kI taraha samajhanA caahie| 11) chanA huA jala - yaha jala bhAratIya saMskRti meM sarvamAnya hai, jainAcAryoM ne bhI uparyukta srotoM se prApta anachane jala evaM barphAdi kI apekSA ise uttama kahA hai| gRhastha jIvana ke yogya zArIrika kAryoM, jaise - snAna, zauca, vastra-prakSAlana Adi kA nirvAha isa chane hue jala ke dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai|205 jainaAcArazAstroM meM jala ko chAnane ke lie moTe (gAr3ha) vastra ko duharA karake upayoga karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|206 vastra kI moTAI itanI honI cAhie ki sUrya kI kiraNeM ArapAra na ho ske| yaha jJAtavya hai ki chane hue pAnI meM trasa jIvoM kA to pUrNa abhAva hotA hai, parantu apkAyika jIvoM kI vidyamAnatA banI rahatI hai, isalie jainAcAryoM kI sUkSma dRSTi meM bAhya kAryoM ke lie to chanA pAnI upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu pIne ke lie uSNa athavA dhovana pAnI kA prayoga hI karanA caahie| 12) dhovana pAnI - jainazAstroM meM svAsthya ke lie hitakara evaM pUrNatayA jIvANurahita ikkIsa prakAra ke dhovana pAnI kA ullekha milatA hai, jinakA prayoga peyajala ke rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai,207 jaise - dAla, cAvala Adi kA dhovana paanii| 13) uSNa jala - jaina-paramparA meM tIna ubAle vAlA jala (ThaMDA karake) pIne yogya mAnA jAtA hai| yaha jala halkA hotA hai, kITANumukta hotA hai aura ise Adhunika cikitsA-vijJAna tathA bhAratIya Ayurveda meM bhI sarvottama jala kahA gayA hai| 208 yaha AsAnI se upalabdha yA taiyAra ho sakatA hai aura apekSAkRta sastA par3atA hai| 14) DisTilDa vaoNTara - jala kA vASpIkRta rUpa hI DisTilDa vaoNTara hai| yadyapi yaha atizuddha hotA hai, tathApi isakA dainika-vyavahAra meM prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki yaha maha~gA par3atA hai| isameM Avazyaka khanijoM (Minerals) kA abhAva hone se cikitsaka bhI ise apeya mAnate haiN| - isa prakAra, jala ke sandarbha meM jainAcAryoM ne jo nirdeza die haiM, unakA pAlana karake zarIra kA samyaka prabandhana kiyA jA sakatA hai| 56 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 282 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #357
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) prANavAyu-prabandhana jainadarzana meM prANavAyu (zvAsa) kA mahattva bahuta adhika hai, isameM prANavAyu ko jIvanadhAriNI prANazakti ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| 209 ekendriya se paMcendriya taka sabhI jIvoM ke jIvana-astitva kA mukhya ghaTaka hai - praannvaayu| jainAcAryoM ne sUkSma dRSTi se yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jIvana ke prArambha meM zvAsa yogya sAmarthya jaba taka vikasita nahIM hotA, taba taka jIvana-vikAsa kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM banatI aura zvAsa-prakriyA (zvAsa-prANa) jaba samApta ho jAtI hai, taba jIvana bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| merI dRSTi meM, isa mahattvapUrNa prANavAyu ke samyak prabandhana ke lie vyakti kI AvazyakatAe~ isa prakAra haiM - ROHSREKenames * zvAsa kaisI lenA? zuddha kitanI lenA? * kaba lenA? kaise lenA? pUrNa niyamita sahaja/atvarita uparyukta cAroM mApadaNDoM kI pUrti ke lie jainaAcArazAstroM meM aneka sUtra nirdiSTa haiN| yadyapi jainAcAryoM kI mUla dRSTi AdhyAtmika hai, tathApi unake dvArA Atmonnati ke lie nirdezita sUtra prANavAyu-prabandhana ke lie bhI upayogI haiN| inameM se pramukha sUtra haiM - brahmamuhUrta meM uThanA, jisase zuddha vAyu mila ske| sAmAyika arthAt samatA bhAva meM jIne kI sAdhanA karanA, jisase cittavRtti zAnta ho, udvega samApta ho aura mana prasanna ho| isase zvAsa kI gati bhI sahaja aura niyamita bana jAtI hai| * prAtaH evaM sAyaM pratikramaNa karanA, jisameM kAyotsarga kI sAdhanA bhI svataH ho jAtI hai| kAyotsarga aura zvAsa kA anyonyAzrita sambandha hai| jaise-jaise kAyotsarga ke dvArA mamatva bhAvoM kA visarjana hotA hai, vaise-vaise zvAsa kI uthala-puthala zAnta hone lagatI hai, zvAsa gaharI, lambI aura layabaddha hotI jAtI hai| jainAcAryoM ne kAyotsarga kI sAdhanA meM samaya ke nirdhAraNa ke lie zvAsocchavAsa (prANApAna) kI eka sAmAnya gaNanA bhI batAI hai|10 283 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 57 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #358
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 50 pratikramaNa zvAsa kI saMkhyA rAtrika daivasika 100mA pAkSika 300 cAturmAsika 500 sAMvatsarika 1008 BENERATORSDARIES dhyAna kI sAdhanA nAsAgra dRSTi se karanA, jisase pahale zvAsa santulita hotI hai aura tatpazcAt ghrANa mastiSka / jaba ghrANa mastiSka santulita hotA hai, taba bhaya, krodha Adi saMvega bhI zAnta hone lagate haiN| jaba bhayAdi saMvega zAnta hote haiM, to zvAsa-prakriyA kA aura adhika pariSkAra hotA hai| isa prakAra, dhyAna ke kAla meM zvAsa se bhAva aura bhAva se zvAsa kA sambandha banatA hai|11 * prAtaHkAla naMge paira mandira jAnA, jisase bhUmi ke zItala sparza ke sAtha-sAtha zuddha-vAyu kA sevana bhI ho ske| * bhojana ke samaya peTa kA eka nizcita bhAga (1/6 bhAga) khAlI rakhanA, jisase vAyu kA AvAgamana yathocita mAtrA meM hotA rhe| * yathAvasara tIrthayAtrA athavA sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke samAgama meM padavihAra karanA, jisase zahara ke __ pradUSita vAtAvaraNa se dUra prakRti ke suramya vAtAvaraNa meM rahane kA avasara mila ske| udgAra (DakAra), chIMka, jambhAI, apAna vAyu ke vega ko kabhI bhI nahIM rokanA, jisase prANavAyu kA saMcaraNa calatA rahe aura rogotpatti na ho|12 * AvazyakatA ho to prANAyAma karanA, lekina usakA lakSya AtmadhyAna kI pAtratA (bhUmikA) kA vikAsa karanA ho| isase mana aura tana donoM ke Arogya kI prApti ho sakatI hai|213 mandira meM dhUpa, candana, dIpAdi pUjA karanA, ghaNTanAda karanA, jisase AsapAsa kA vAtAvaraNa kITANumukta rahe aura zuddha vAyu kA sevana bhI hotA rhe| 58 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 284 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #359
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (4) zrama-vizrAma-prabandhana - jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, pratyeka vyakti ke jIvana meM pravRtti (zrama) aura nivRtti (vizrAma) kA santulana apekSita hai| jaba yaha santulana bigar3atA hai, taba bar3I kaThinAI paidA ho jAtI hai| atipravRtti pAgalapana kI ora le jAtI hai, to atinivRtti nikammepana kI ora 14 jIvana meM isIlie zrama evaM vizrAma ke sandarbha meM aucitya-anaucitya kA viveka jAgrata honA jarurI hai, jisase zArIrika, mAnasika evaM AdhyAtmika Arogya kI prApti ho ske| (ka) zrama - Arogya kA sabase bar3A sUtra hai - shrm| pratyeka avayava ko svastha rakhane ke lie ucita zrama kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| zrama karane se rakta kA saMcAra ThIka DhaMga se hotA hai aura kITANuoM ke AkramaNa kA pratikAra karane kI kSamatA kA vikAsa hotA hai|15 jainadarzana meM nimnalikhita binduoM ke dvArA zramazIlatA kI preraNA prApta hotI hai - jaina zramaNa evaM zramaNiyoM ke svAvalambI jIvana kA anukaraNa karanA, jinakA pratyeka kriyAkalApa svAzrita hotA hai, jaise - upadhi-pratilekhana, upadhi-vahana, keza-luMcana, pada-vihAra, vasati-pramArjana aadi| vaiyAvRtya arthAt sevA-zuzrUSA meM ruci rakhanA, jaise - bhojana meM parosagArI karake khAnA, vRddha, glAna Adi ke hAtha-paira dabAnA (vizrAmaNA krnaa)| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm 16 arthAt jIvana meM paraspara sahayoga karate hue jiinaa| likhI ho bhAla para jo bhAgya rekhA, use kSaNa-kSaNa miTAkara phira bnaao| himAlaya aura gaMgA se zapatha le, baho aise ki sabake kAma aao|| 217 binA Alasya kie zubha anuSThAnoM ko savidhi karanA, jaise - pratikramaNa, sAmAyika, devadarzana, devapUjana, devavandana, guruvandana, pradakSiNA, khamAsamaNa Adi kriyAe~ / * suvidhA evaM vilAsitA kI maryAdA karanA , jaise - vAhana, naukara-cAkara Adi kA primaann| 18 nakArAtmaka soca se bacanA arthAt nirAzAvAdI hokara vyasanoM evaM niSiddha auSadhiyoM (Sleeping Pills etc.) kA sevana nahIM karanA, jisase zarIra ke snAyutantra kI sakriyatA banI rhe| vIryAcAra kA pAlana karanA , jisase jIvana-yogya kAryoM meM utsAha, umaMga evaM ullAsa banA rahe, yaha bhAvanAtmaka sakriyatA hI zArIrika kriyAzIlatA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - "rUci anuyAyI vIrya' |21 adhikAroM kI prApti ko bhAgya para chor3a denA evaM karttavyoM ke nirvAha ko purUSArtha se jor3a lenaa| adhikAdhika svAzrita hokara jInA evaM parAvalambana kA tyAga krnaa| adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 59 285 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #360
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (kha) vizrAma zarIra rUpI yaMtra ko ucita mAtrA meM vizrAma denA bhI Avazyaka hai| jainAcAryoM ne zrAvakocita jIvanazailI meM vizrAma sambandhI aneka nirdeza die haiM, jinakA pAlana zarIra - prabandhana ke lie atyupayogI hai, jaise - kAyotsarga, dhyAna, sAmAyika, mAlA Adi zubha-anuSThAnoM meM citta ko lagAnA / sAMsArika Arambha - samArambha ko sImita karanA / 60 dizA kA parimANa karanA, jisase jIvana meM adhika bhAga-daur3a na karanI pdd'e| aSTamI, caturdazI evaM anya parva tithiyoM meM pauSadha - desAvagAsika Adi karanA / anarthadaNDa arthAt nirarthaka aura hAnikAraka kAryoM se bacanA, jaise pArTI Ayojana, nindA Adi / bhogopabhoga ke sAdhanoM se dUra rahanA, jinase pahale to Ananda kA AbhAsa hotA hai aura bAda meM aruci, thakAna aura roga kI prApti hotI hai| paryuSaNa, navapada olI Adi parvoM meM vyApAra evaM gRha - ArambhoM kA AMzika yA pUrNa avakAza rakhanA / mAnasika vizrAma ke lie bhakti evaM prArthanA karanA / vaicArika saMgharSoM athavA ulajhanoM se bacane ke lie svAdhyAya, satsaMga Adi karanA / vyavahArabhASya meM zrama - vizrAma ke santulana kA uttama udAharaNa milatA hai jaba AcArya yA guru yAtrA karane, vAcanA dene athavA nirantara baiThe rahane se pariklAnta ho jAte haiM, thaka jAte haiM, taba ziSya ko cAhie ki vaha sira se prArambha kara paira taka unake aMgoM ko mRdutA se dabAe, aisI vizrAmaNA se guru ke calAyamAna vAta, pitta aura kapha Adi doSa sAmyAvasthA meM A jAte haiM, unakI thakAna dUra ho jAtI hai aura zarIra sudRr3ha evaM balavAn ho jAtA hai tathA arza (bavAsIra) Adi roga bhI nahIM hote | 220 ---- saira-sapATe, paravivAha, zarIra-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para vaha apanI jIvanazailI ko samyaktayA prabandhita karatA jAe aura asamaya evaM akAraNa hone vAlI vyAdhiyoM se bace / jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only - 286
Page #361
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (5) nidrA-prabandhana jainadarzana meM nidrA ke sandarbha meM do nirdeza prApta hote haiM - muni nidrA-avadhi eka prahara do prahara nidrA-samaya rAtri kA tRtIya prahara rAtri kA dvitIya evaM tRtIya prahara gRhastha isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne vyakti ko mAnasika-zArIrika zrama evaM anya kArakoM ke AdhAra para nidrA kI avadhi kA nirdhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM, vyakti ko vivekapUrvaka ucita nidrA hI lenI cAhie, na AvazyakatA se adhika aura na alp| nidrA kA hetu kevala zrama-nivAraNa hai, parantu vahI jaba zauka bana jAe, to saMyama meM hAni pahu~catI hai|223 yadi vyakti adhika nidrA letA hai, to usake yaha janma aura parajanma donoM naSTa ho jAte haiN| cora, vairI, durjana, dhUrta Adi bhI usa para hamalA kara sakate haiN| 24 zrImadrAjacandra ne bhI kahA hai ki gRhastha ko do prahara hI nidrA lenI cAhie25 aura yadi dina meM bhI nIMda AtI hai, to prathamataH bhakti Adi ke abhyAsa ke dvArA use TAlanA caahie|26 nItivAkyAmRta meM bhI nidrA ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko sUryAsta aura sUryodaya ke samaya nahIM sonA cAhie,227 jo vyakti svastha rahane kA icchuka hai, use niyata samaya hI nIMda lenI caahie| 228 jainAcAryoM ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki jo vyakti alpanidrA lete haiM, unheM devatA bhI praNAma karate haiN| 29 nItivAkyAmRta meM bhI yathocita nidrA kA lAbha batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki isase khAe hue bhojana kA pAcana suvyavasthita DhaMga se ho jAtA hai aura prasannatA rahatI hai, sAtha hI zarIra bhI apane kartavya pAlana ke lie samartha rahatA hai|230 jisa prakAra adhika sonA nahIM cAhie, usI prakAra alpa nidrA (AvazyakatA se kama) bhI nahIM lenI caahie| kalyANakAraka meM kahA gayA hai - Avazyaka nidrA Arogya kA kAraNa hai tathA nidrA-bhaMga hone se vAtAdi doSoM kA udreka hotA hai|231 vyavahArabhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki nidrA ke abhAva meM ajIrNa roga ho sakatA hai| 232 287 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #362
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nidrA sambandhI katipaya niyama233 rAtri meM eka prahara bItane ke pazcAt zArIrika zithilatA Ane para zayana ke sthAna para jaanaa| zayana ke pUrva caityavandana Adi karanA, cauvihAra Adi pratyAkhyAna uccaranA, pUrvagRhIta vratoM ke ___ parimANa ko saMkSipta karate hue desAvagAsika vrata (14 niyama) lenaa| cAra zaraNa svIkAra karanA, sabhI jIvarAziyoM ko khamAnA, aThAraha pApa-sthAnakoM kA tyAga ___ karanA, sukRta kI anumodanA evaM duSkRta kI gardA krnaa| navakAra pATha karake nimna pada kA tIna bAra uccAraNa karate hue sAgArI anazana grahaNa krnaa| AhAra zarIra upadhi pacakhaM pApa addhaar| mara jAU~ to vosire, jIU~ to AgAra / / athavA jai me hujja pamAo, imassa dehassa imAi rynniie| AhAra-muvahi dehaM, savvaM tiviheNa vosiriaN|| arthAt rAtri meM yadi deha kA tyAga ho jAve, to deha, AhAra aura anya upadhi - ina sabakA mana, vacana, kAyA se maiM parityAga karatA huuN| sAta bhayoM se mukti ke abhiprAya se sAta bAra navakAra kA cintana krnaa| brahmacarya kA adhikAdhika pAlana karate hue bAIM karavaTa se zayana krnaa| vivekapUrvaka alpanidrA lenA aura uThakara sAta/ATha navakAra ginanA (aSTakarma nivAraNArtha) 234 mana meM strI ke zarIra kI azucitA kA cintana krnaa| 62 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 288 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #363
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) svacchatA - prabandhana jainadarzana meM aMtaraMga svacchatA arthAt citta kI nirmalatA evaM pavitratA hetu bAhya svacchatA ke nirdeza bhI die gae haiM, jo zarIra - prabandhana ke lie atyanta upayogI haiN| pratyeka jIvana- prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha ina nirdezoM kA apanI bhUmikAnusAra pAlana kre| vaha inheM aindrika kAmabhogoM kA viSaya na banAe, apitu zarIra rUpI yaMtra kI ucita dekhabhAla hetu inakA upayoga kare, jisase yaha zarIra jIvana - sAdhya kI pUrti kA sAdhana bana ske| ye nirdeza isa prakAra haiM jahA~ mahAmArI, ativRSTi, anAvRSTi evaM kITa-pataMge Adi jIvoM kI utpatti adhika hotI ho, aise sthAnoM para nivAsa nahIM karanA | 235 jahA~ zuddha havA aura prakAza mila sake, aise sthAnoM para nivAsa karanA | 236 mala-mUtra Adi kA ucita visarjana karanA, jisase sammUrcchima jIvoM evaM anya kITANuoM kI utpatti na ho| 237 zramaNoM ke samAna apanI vastuoM ko vyavasthita rakhanA, na ki asta-vyasta / 238 jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie ucita samaya para ucita pratilekhana, pramArjana Adi karate rahanA / guTakhA, pAna, tambAkU Adi vyasanoM kA sarvathA tyAga karanA / laukika tyauhAroM meM maryAdita vyavahAra karanA, jaise dIpAvalI meM paTAkhoM kA tyAga, holI meM raMga khelane kA tyAga Adi / bhojana meM jUThA nahIM DAlanA, pratyuta thAlI dhokara pInA evaM poMchakara rakhanA / bhojana ke kaNa nIce nahIM girAnA / deva-darzana meM sAta prakAra kI zuddhiyA~ rakhanA upakaraNa-zuddhi, mukha-zuddhi, bhUmi-zuddhi evaM manaH- zuddhi | anya jIvana vyavahAroM meM bhI uparyukta zuddhiyoM kA yathocita pAlana karanA / apaziSTa padArthoM ko yatra-tatra nahIM pheMkanA, apitu niravadya ( nirdoSa) sthAna para jAkara vivekapUrvaka paraThanA / rAsAyanika padArthoM kA vivekapUrvaka upayoga karanA tathA yathAsambhava TAlane kA prayAsa karanA, jaise - kRSi meM kITanAzaka kA prayoga Adi / parigraha evaM bhoga kI mAtrA kA alpIkaraNa karanA, jisase sApha-saphAI Adi kI AvazyakatA bhI alpa ho jaae| 289 - - - -- kapha (balagama), pitta, vamana, lAra Adi ko ucita sthAna para paraThakara, usa para rAkha Adi DAlanA, jisase sammUrcchima jIvoM evaM anya kITANuoM kI utpatti na ho 239 lokaprasiddha niyamoM, jaise dAtuna karanA, jIbha kI saphAI karanA, kullA karanA, kAya-: ya - zuddhi, vastra - zuddhi, dravya - 3 evaM deza-snAna karanA Adi kA yatanApUrvaka pAlana karanA | 240 adhyAya 5: zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only ya-zuddhi, sarva-snAna 63
Page #364
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (7) zrRMgAra (sAja-sajjA)-prabandhana jainAcAryoM ne bAhya zRMgAra kI apekSA aMtaraMga zRMgAra ko hI mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM aMtaraMga zRMgAra ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki nArI kA vAstavika AbhUSaNa to usakA zIla aura lajjA hai, na ki bAhya aabhuussnn|41 zrImadrAjacandra ne bhI bIsa varSa kI kizorAvasthA meM zRMgAra evaM sAja-sajjA sambandhI maryAdAe~ nirdezita kI, jaise - zRMgAra sAhitya nahIM paDhU~, sugandhita dravyoM kA upayoga nahIM karU~, ucchRkhala vastra nahIM pahanU~, taMga vastra nahIM pahanU~, apavitra vastra nahIM pahanU~, vastra kA abhimAna nahIM karU~, suvAsinI sAja nahIM sajUM Adi / 242 muni-maryAdA ko batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki muni ke lie zarIra kI zobhA-vibhUSA Adi karanA pUrNa niSiddha va akalpanIya hai|243 phira bhI, yadi gRhasthAvasthA meM loka-vyavahAra ke nirvAha ke lie sAja-sajjA kI AvazyakatA par3atI ho, to jainAcAryoM ne maryAdita evaM ucita vastra, AbhUSaNa, vilepana Adi kI chUTa dI hai, jo nimna nirdezoM se spaSTa hai - sAja-sajjA meM sAdagI honaa| sImita prasAdhanoM (Cosmetics) kA prayoga krnaa|244 * brahmacarya ke pAlana ke lie bAdhaka zRMgAra sAmagriyoM kA prayoga bilkula nahIM krnaa| deza, kAla, jAti, Aya evaM saMskRti ke anurUpa sAja-sajjA krnaa|245 hiMsA se nirmita prasAdhanoM kA prayoga kadApi nahIM krnaa| zarIra-Asakti bar3he, aisA zRMgAra nahIM krnaa| * zarIra kI azucitA kA sadaiva cintana krnaa| 246 ___ isa prakAra, jainAcAryoM ne kRtrima saundarya kI apekSA svAbhAvika saundarya ko hI ucita ThaharAyA hai| merI dRSTi meM, zarIra-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha apane Apako sundara, suDaula evaM cirayuvA dikhAne ke bajAe sAdagIpUrNa rIti se zarIra kI zobhA-vibhUSA kre| vaha yaha mAne ki jo zarIra prApta huA hai, vaha svayaM apane Apa meM advitIya (Unique) hai, kyoMki kinhIM bhI do prANiyoM kA zarIra zata-pratizata eka jaisA nahIM hotaa| ataH vaha isa svAbhAvika advitIyatA ko hI saundarya kA mApadaNDa mAnakara santuSTa aura prasanna rhe| vaha sUara Adi pazuoM kI hiMsA se nirmita apavitra prasAdhanoM kA upayoga karake isa svAbhAvika saundarya ko vikRta na kare aura na hI dUsaroM (abhinetA Adi) ke samAna dikhane kI ceSTA kre| isa prakAra tvacA Adi kI elarjI, phor3e-phusI Adi se bacakara apane samaya kA sadupayoga aMtaraMga sadguNoM ke zRMgAra meM kre| 64 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 290 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #365
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (8) brahmacarya-prabandhana jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, AtmA ke dvArA AtmA (brahma) meM ramaNa karanA (caryA) hI brahmacarya hai aura yaha AtmA kA mUla svabhAva hai arthAt karaNIya karttavya hai|47 isase spaSTa hai ki jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM maithunAdi kAmabhoga asevya haiN| vastutaH, indriya-viSayoM ke sevana ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kisI hada taka pUrva-saMskAroM kA dabAva asahanIya hone se inheM vivazatAvaza svIkArA jA sakatA hai| isI dRSTi se abrahmacarya kI vAsanAoM ko sImita karane ke lie jainAcAryoM ne nimnalikhita nirdeza die parAI strI yAni dUsare kI patnI, vAgdattA, vidhavA Adi ke sAtha anaitika sambandhoM kA niSedha 248 vezyA, kaoNlagarla Adi kAlavizeSa ke lie gRhIta strI ke sAtha bhI yauna sambandhoM kA niSedha / 249 * brahmacarya vrata kA AMzika yA pUrNa grhnn| brahmacarya kI navavADoM (guptiyoM) kA pAlana karanA 50 - * strI, pazu evaM napuMsaka ke saMsarga vAle sthAna kA sevana nahIM krnaa| * strI-kathA nahIM krnaa| * striyoM ke uThane-baiThane ke sthAna kA sevana nahIM krnaa| * striyoM kI manohara evaM manorama indriyoM ko nahIM dekhnaa| * snigdha, rasadAra, ghI-tela bahula bhojana nahIM krnaa| * atimAtrA meM AhAra nahIM krnaa| * pUrvakAla meM kie bhogoM aura kAma-krIr3AoM kA smaraNa nahIM krnaa| * dIvArAdi kI Ar3a meM striyoM ke zabda, gIta, rUpa Adi na dekhnaa-sunnaa| * zarIra kI zobhA-vibhUSAdi nahIM krnaa| bAlyAvasthA evaM vRddhAvasthA meM vivAha nahIM krnaa| * anya kula vAloM ke sAtha vivAha nahIM krnaa| svadArA-santoSa karanA evaM bahuvivAha se bcnaa| kahA bhI jAtA hai - 'eka nArI sadA brhmcaarii'| parvatithiyoM evaM tIrthayAtrAdi meM brahmacarya kA pUrNataH pAlana krnaa| mAsika-dharma kA pAlana karanA, usa kAla meM abrahmacarya sevana nahIM krnaa| * yathAyogya samaya para yAvajjIvana brahmacarya vrata ko pUrNatayA sviikaarnaa| (uparyukta binduoM ko mahilAoM ke lie bhI yathAyogya grahaNa karanA caahie|) 291 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 65 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #366
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (9) manodaihika-prabandhana mana kI vRttiyoM kA svAsthya para gaharA asara par3atA hai, isa bAta kI svIkRti Aja Adhunika zarIrazAstrI evaM manovaijJAnika bhI kara rahe haiN| prAcIna zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai - 'citta ke adhIna yaha dhAtuyukta zarIra hotA hai, citta kI asvasthatA se ye dhAtue~ vinAza ko prApta hotI haiM, ataH citta kA yatnapUrvaka rakSaNa karanA caahie| 251 anyatra bhI kahA hai ki andara kI vizuddhi se bAhara kI zuddhi hotI hai aura andara kI azuddhi se bAhara meM doSa utpanna hote haiN|252 jainAcAryoM ne sUkSma dRSTi ke dvArA una tattvoM ko khojA hai, jinake dvArA citta kI svasthatA kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai aura pariNAmataH isa azuddha citta se utpanna hone vAle manodaihika rogoM se bacA jA sakatA hai| jaina-paramparA meM ina rogoM se bacane ke lie bhakti, pUjA, sAmAyika , kAyotsarga, dhyAna Adi nAnAvidha anuSThAnoM kA prAvadhAna hai| vyakti inakA yathAyogya sevana karake apane krodha, bhaya, IrSyA, mAtsarya, asahiSNutA, adhIratA Adi vikRta manobhAvoM ko pariSkRta kara sakatA hai tathA aisA karatA huA ina bhAvoM se zarIra para par3a rahe kuprabhAvoM se bhI baca sakatA hai| vastutaH, AhArAdi se bhI adhika Avazyaka hai - mana kI svsthtaa| yadi mana svastha hai, to rUkhA-sUkhA khAne vAlA vyakti bhI nirAmaya raha sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana isa siddhAnta kA jvalanta udAharaNa hai| 66 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 292 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #367
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (10) anyakAraka-prabandhana jainAcAryoM ne svAsthya ke lie hAnikAraka anya kArakoM ke nivAraNArtha bhI ucita nirdeza die haiM, jaise - vyakti ko anAvazyaka vAcAla nahIM honA, dhana-sampatti aura bhogasAmagrI kA maryAdita sevana karanA, jJAnapUrvaka tapa-sAdhanA karanA, samaya-prabaddhatA ke sAtha-sAtha sahanazIlatA kA guNa vikasita karanA, sAmAjika cetanA ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika cetanA kA samanvaya karanA ityaadi| isase jIvana-vyavahAra itanA prabandhita ho sakatA hai ki akAraNa rogoM ko AmaMtraNa na mile| yahA~ yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki zarIra-prabandhana kI asalI kasauTI to yaha hai ki vyakti zanaiH-zanaiH zarIra ko isa prakAra se DhAle ki viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI zarIra ke sabhI avayava evaM tantra santulita rUpa se kArya kara skeN| jainAcAryoM ne kAya-kleza tapa ke mAdhyama se isI bAta ko iMgita kiyA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kI parAkASThA ko darzAte hue kahA gayA hai53 AyAvayanti gimhesu, hemantesu avaauddaa| vAsAsu paDisalINA, saMjayA susamAhiyA / / jo sAdhaka susamAdhiSTha ho jAte haiM, ve grISmaRtu ke pracaNDa tApa meM sUrya kI AtApanA lete haiM, hemantaRtu kI kar3akar3AtI ThaNDa meM khule badana ho jAte haiM aura varSARtu ke ramaNIya vAtAvaraNa meM indriyoM ko saMyamita karate hue pratisaMlIna tapa karate haiN| isa avasthA kI ora bar3hane ke lie nimnalikhita nirdeza upayogI haiM - sukha-suvidhA evaM vilAsitA ke sAdhanoM kA alpAtialpa prayoga krnaa| vyasanoM kA tyAga karanA evaM kisI bhI vastu kA AdI nahIM honaa| AvazyakatAoM ko zanaiH-zanaiH kama karate jaanaa| vividha tapasyAoM kA kramika vikAsa krnaa| dUsaroM ke duHkha ko kama karane athavA unake sukha kI vRddhi ke lie apane sukhoM ko tilAMjali dene meM sadaiva tatpara rhnaa| aNuvratoM kA kramazaH vikAsa karate hue mahAvratoM taka pahu~cane kA lakSya rkhnaa| samAdhimaraNa ke lie mAnasika evaM zArIrika taiyArI rkhnaa| anukUlatAoM ke bajAya pratikUlatAoM meM jIne kA abhyAsa krnaa| =====< >===== 293 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #368
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5.5 zarIra-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa zarIra-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa ko jAnanA hI paryApta nahIM hai, jIvana meM isakA prayoga karane para hI zarIra rUpI yaMtra ko upayogI banAe rakhA jA sakatA hai| cUMki zarIra kA samyak prabandhana karane hetu aMtaraMga meM dRr3ha icchA-zakti evaM bAhya meM sAdhanoM kI anukUlatA Avazyaka hai aura ina donoM kI apanI sImAe~ bhI haiM, ataH yaha jarUrI nahIM hai ki pratyeka vyakti eka hI prayAsa meM apanI jIvanazailI meM zata-pratizata sudhAra kara le, yAni vaha zarIra-prabandhana ke sabhI AyAmoM para eka sAtha kArya kre| ataH hama zarIra-prabandhana ke siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para pA~ca staroM meM vibhAjita eka 'maoNDala' (namUnA) prastuta kara rahe haiN| jIvana-prabandhaka apanI kSamatA evaM paristhiti kA svayaM Akalana kara isa maoNDala ko AdhAra banAkara ucita stara se prabandhana-prakriyA prArambha kara sakatA hai aura uttarottara vikAsa karatA huA Age ke stara taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha AvazyakatAnusAra bhinna-bhinna AyAmoM (nIce die gae sataraha) meM bhI bhinna-bhinna staroM kA cunAva karatA huA zarIra-prabandhana kI prakriyA ko kriyAnvita kara sakatA hai| yaha 'maoNDala' isa prakAra hai - (1) AhAra karane kA uddezya 1) zarIra svastha rakhane ke lie AhAra krnaa| 2) gRhasthocita karttavyoM kA nirvAha karane ke lie AhAra krnaa| 3) sAmAnya dharma-dhyAna kA nirvAha karane ke lie AhAra krnaa| 4) vizeSa dharma-dhyAna kA nirvAha karane ke lie AhAra krnaa| 5) anAsaktipUrvaka sahaja AhAra krnaa| (2) AhAra kaisA karanA 1) mAMsAhAra, madyapAna Adi adhika tAmasika AhAra nahIM krnaa| 2) abhakSya AhAra nahIM krnaa| 3) rAjasika AhAra kA maryAdita prayoga krnaa| 4) santulita evaM supAcya AhAra krnaa| 5) vigairahita sAtvika AhAra krnaa| (3) AhAra kitanI bAra karanA 1) svavivekapUrvaka sImita bAra AhAra krnaa| 2) saMkalpapUrvaka sImita bAra AhAra krnaa| 3) dina meM adhikatama tIna bAra AhAra kara rAtri meM duvihAra/tivihAra ke pratyAkhyAna lenaa| 4) biyAsanA krnaa| 5) ekAsanA yA upavAsa krnaa| 68 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 294 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #369
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (4) AhAra-grahaNa kaba karanA (samaya ke AdhAra para) 1) navakArasI se AhAra krnaa| 2) porisI se AhAra krnaa| 3) sADDhaporisI se AhAra krnaa| 4) purimaDDa se AhAra krnaa| 5) avaDDha se AhAra krnaa| (5) AhAra-tyAga kaba karanA (samaya ke AdhAra para) 1) rAtri meM prathama prahara ke bAda AhAra kA tyAga krnaa| 2) sUryAsta ke pazcAt azana (anAja Adi se nirmita evaM bhUkha zAnta karane vAle) AhAra kA tyAga krnaa| 3) pAnI ko chor3akara sabhI AhAra kA tyAga krnaa| 4) rAtri meM cauvihAra kA pratyAkhyAna krnaa| 5) rAtri meM pANAhAra kA pratyAkhyAna krnaa| (6) AhAra grahaNa kaba karanA (paristhiti ke AdhAra para) 1) bhUkha lagane para hI AhAra krnaa| 2) uparyukta ke sAtha-sAtha dina meM niyata samaya para hI AhAra krnaa| 3) uparyukta ke sAtha-sAtha bAhara se Ane para kucha samaya rukakara AhAra krnaa| 4) uparyukta ke sAtha-sAtha zarIra meM ajIrNa na ho, taba AhAra krnaa| 5) uparyukta ke sAtha-sAtha tanAva yA asthira mana kI avasthA se rahita hokara zAnta mana se AhAra krnaa| (7) AhAra kahA~ karanA 1) anucita sArvajanika sthAna para AhAra nahIM krnaa| 2) binA chatavAle sthAna para AhAra nahIM krnaa| 3) ghara meM hI AhAra krnaa| 4) bhojanakakSa meM baiThakara AhAra krnaa| 5) bhojanakakSa meM bhI jayaNApUrvaka jIvarahita svaccha sthAna para baiThakara hI AhAra krnaa| (8) AhAra kitanA karanA 1) bhUkha se adhika AhAra nahIM krnaa| 2) bhUkha se kama AhAra krnaa| 3) uparyukta kA viveka rakhate hue vRtti-saMkSepa (AhAra ke prakAroM kA sImAkaraNa) pUrvaka AhAra 295 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 69 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #370
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ krnaa| 4) uparyukta kA viveka rakhate hue rasa (Asaktivardhaka AhAra) kA parityAga krnaa| 5) anazana (upavAsa) krnaa| (9) AhAra kaise karanA 1) jUte-cappala pahanakara, palaMga para baiThakara, TI.vI. dekhate-dekhate, andhakAramaya sthAna para, adhika ha~sate-ha~sate evaM bolate-bolate AhAra nahIM krnaa| 2) anya sadasyoM ko bhojana karAkara bhojana krnaa| 3) na adhika dhIre aura na adhika jaldI, kintu zAnta citta se svaccha Asana para baiThakara bhojana krnaa| 4) ati rasalolupatA yA Asakti bar3he, isa prakAra se bhojana nahIM krnaa| 5) bhojana karane ke pazcAt sonA na par3e, kintu svAdhyAya, dhyAna, cintana Adi ho sake, isa prakAra AhAra krnaa| (10) jala-prabandhana pIne meM prayoga hetu anya prayoga hetu 1) chanA huA zuddha jala piinaa| chane hue pAnI kA prayoga krnaa| 2) vaijJAnika tarIke se pramANita jIvarahita evaM chane hue pAnI kA prayoga krnaa| ___ chanA huA zuddha jala piinaa| 3) jainAcAra meM nirdiSTa jIvarahita (prAsuka) jala | jainAcAra meM nirdiSTa jIvarahita (prAsuka) jala kA piinaa| | prayoga krnaa| 4) ubalA huA jala ThaMDA karake piinaa| ubale hue pAnI kA prayoga krnaa| 5) dina meM eka bAra bhojana karanA aura usI | ubale hue pAnI kA prayoga karanA / samaya pAnI bhI pInA (ThAma cauvihAra krnaa)| (11) prANavAyu-prabandhana 1) pUrNa prANavAyu lenaa| 2) pUrNa evaM zuddha prANavAyu lenaa| 3) pUrNa, zuddha tathA niyamita (dhIre-dhIre evaM lambI) prANavAyu lenaa| 4) zuddha prANavAyu ke sAtha vividha prakAra ke prANAyAma kA abhyAsa krnaa| 5) pUrNa , zuddha , niyamita evaM sahajatayA prANavAyu lenaa| (12) zrama-prabandhana 1) vyasana evaM nakArAtmaka soca se bacate hue suvidhA/vilAsitA kI maryAdA krnaa| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 296 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #371
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2) atizrama evaM atiAlasya se bcnaa| 3) zubha anuSThAnoM, jaise - sevA-zuzrUSA, devadarzana, devapUjana, pratikramaNa Adi se judd'naa| 4) svAzrita hokara jIne kA prayatna krnaa| 5) parAzritatA kA parityAga kara pUrNa svAvalambI jIvana jiinaa| (13) vizrAma-prabandhana 1) bhogopabhoga ke sAdhanoM ko alpa krnaa| 2) na bahuta kama aura na bahuta adhika , kintu Avazyaka zArIrika/mAnasika vizrAma krnaa| 3) nirarthaka kAryoM (anarthadaMDa) se bcnaa| 4) vizrAmadAyI zubha anuSThAna (bhakti, sAmAyika Adi) niyamita krnaa| 5) svAdhyAya, kAyotsarga evaM dhyAna kA nirantara prayoga krnaa| (14) nidrA-prabandhana 1) na bahuta kama aura na bahuta adhika , kintu Avazyaka (sAmAnyatayA chaha-sAta ghaNTe) nidrA lenaa| 2) dina meM nidrA nahIM lenaa| 3) rAtri meM dasa baje ke AsapAsa sonA aura subaha cAra baje ke AsapAsa utthnaa| 4) sone ke pUrva dhArmika ArAdhanA karanA evaM brahmacarya kA abhyAsa krnaa| 5) sone ke pUrva bhAvoM ko zuddha karanA evaM pUrNa brahmacarya kA pAlana krnaa| (15) svacchatA-prabandhana 1) guTakhA, pAna, tambAkU Adi gandagI bar3hAne vAle anAvazyaka padArthoM kA tyAga krnaa| 2) zArIrika-zuddhi rkhnaa| 3) upayogI upakaraNa, vastue~, nivAsa evaM kArya-sthala ko vyavasthita evaM svaccha rkhnaa| 4) ucita sthAna (niravadya bhUmi) para apaziSTa padArtha (Waste Material) kA visarjana krnaa| 5) jIva-rakSA ke lie ucita pratilekhana, pramArjana Adi karate rhnaa| (16) zrRMgAra (sAja-sajjA)-prabandhana 1) hiMsA se nirmita prasAdhanoM kA prayoga nahIM krnaa| 2) zRMgAra meM sAdagI rakhanA, saMskRti ke anukUla vastra evaM AbhUSaNa phnnaa| 3) prasAdhanoM kA sImita upayoga krnaa| 4) zarIra kI azucitA kA cintana karanA, isase Asakti tor3ane kA prayatna karanA aura vivekapUrvaka zRMgAra kA tyAga krnaa| 5) zRMgAra kA pUrNa tyAga krnaa| 297 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #372
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (17) brahmacarya-prabandhana 1) vezyA, kaoNlagarla , parAI-strI ke sAtha anaitika sambandhoM kA pUrNa niSedha krnaa| 2) azlIla citra, calacitra, sAhitya, kusaMgati Adi kA tyAga krnaa| 3) svadArAsantoSa karanA evaM navavAr3oM kA pAlana krnaa| 4) parva tithi meM, tIrthayAtrA Adi dhArmika kAryoM meM evaM mAsika-dharma ke samaya brahmacarya kA pUrNa pAlana krnaa| 5) pUrNa brahmacarya se rhnaa| isa prakAra, uparyukta maoNDala ko AdhAra banAkara zarIra-prabandhana kI prakriyA ko caraNa-dara-caraNa Age bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai| isase jIvana-lakSya kI prApti hetu zarIra eka upayogI sAdhana siddha ho sakatA hai| =====< >===== 72 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 298 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #373
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5.6 niSkarSa jainadarzana anekAntamUlaka hai| isameM zarIra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie anekAneka nirdeza die gae haiM, jinameM se zarIra sambandhI dasa kArakoM kI yahA~ carcA kI gaI hai| yadi vyakti ina kArakoM ke AdhAra para apanI jIvanazailI ko aniyamitatAoM se mukta kara suprabandhita kara le, to yaha zarIra rUpI yaMtra adhika kAryakuzalatA ke sAtha (svastha rahate hue) apanA kArya sampAdita kara sakatA hai| jainAcAryoM kA lakSya kevala zarIra ko svastha rakhanA hI nahIM hai, apitu zarIra rUpI naukA ke dvArA mAnasika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa karate hue mokSa rUpI taTa taka pahu~canA bhI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki zarIra-prabandhana kI sArthakatA tabhI hai, jaba zarIra kI svasthatA rahe aura zarIra kA ucita prayoga jIvana meM ho ske| ___ isa hetu jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha aisA koI kArya na kare, jisase zarIra asantulita hokara asvastha bane, phira bhI zarIra yadi asantulita yA rugNa ho jAe, to use karmAdi adRzya zaktiyoM kA pariNAma mAnakara samatA bhAva se jIne kA abhyAsa kre| sAtha hI jaba taka zarIra kAryazIla rahe, taba taka paramakalyANa ke patha para agrasara hotA rhe| yaha nIti hI samyak jIvana-prabandhana kI samyak dizA hai| =====4.>==== 299 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana 73 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #374
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5.7 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| kra. prazna uttara sandarbha pR. kra. 10) pA vikalpa- alpa-0ThIka-OM acchA-OM bahuta acchA pUrNa-7 1) kyA Apa zarIra ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? 2) kyA Apa jIvana meM zarIra ko mahattva dete haiM? 3) kyA Apa zArIrika bImAriyoM evaM unake kAraNoM ko jAnate haiM? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcit-0 kabhI-kabhI-9 aksara- hamezA-7 4) kyA Apa sAtvika AhAra hI karate haiM? kyA Apa niyata samaya para bhojana karate haiM? 6) kyA Apa dina meM hI bhojana-prakriyA pUrNa kara lete haiM? kyA Apa ucita sthAna para bhojana karate haiM? kyA Apa ucita mAtrA meM AhAra karate haiM? 9) kyA Apa ucita vidhi se AhAra karate haiM? kyA Apa zuddha havA ko grahaNa karane ke lie subaha uThakara kucha karate haiM? 11) kyA Apa zrama-vizrAma kA santulana rakhate haiM? 12) kyA Apa ucita nIMda lete haiM? 13) kyA Apa mAnasika rUpa se svastha rahate haiM? 14) kyA Apa pauSTika AhAra karate haiM? 15) kyA Apa hitAhAra karate haiM? 16) kyA Apa jJAta vastu ko hI khAte haiM? 17) kyA Apa asaMyojita AhAra (eka se adhika vastuoM ko nahIM milAnA) karate haiM? 18) kyA Apa ahiMsaka AhAra (hiMsaka vRtti se nahIM banA huA) karate haiM? 19) kyA Apa santulita AhAra karate haiM? 20) kyA Apa supathya AhAra karate haiM? 21) kyA Apa mausama-anukUla AhAra karate haiM? kyA Apa zarIra, nAkhUna evaM dA~toM ko svaccha rakhate haiM? 23) kyA Apa vastra ko svaccha rakhate haiM? 24) kyA Apa sthAna ko svaccha rakhate haiM? 25) kyA Apa brahmacaryapUrvaka jIvana jIte haiM? kula kula 0-25 26-50 51-75 76-100. 101-125 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara , alpatama 74 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 300 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #375
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI (ga) DaoN. raNajIta mAlU evaM DaoN. manohara bhaNDArI se carcA ke AdhAra para 1 abhidhAnacintAmaNiH, 3/227-228. 30 zarIrasaMbaMdhIjJAna, ketharina ArmasTrA~ga, pR. 138-140 2 jIvavicAraprakaraNa, pR. 95 31 vahI, pR. 188 3 karmagraMtha, 1/33 32 jIvavijJAna (kakSA 12), pR. 157 4 tattvArthasUtra, 2/10 33 DaoN.ema.bhaNDArI se carcA ke AdhAra para 5 vahI, 6/1 34 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/73 6 vahI, 6/2 35 zrImaddevacaMdra, vartamAna caubIsI, 8/10 7 karmagraMtha, 1/3 36 sahajasukhasAdhana, bra.sItaladAsa, pR. 51 8 vahI, 1/23, pR. 89-90 37 bhAvaprAbhRta, 37 9 tandulavaicArikaprakIrNaka, DaoN.subhASa koThArI, bhUmikA, 38 mUlAcAra, 33 pR. 9. 39 zAMtasudhArasa, 6/1 10 dRSTArthazArIram, AyurvedAcArya vaidya pa.ga AThavale, 40 jJAnArNavaH, 2/6/10 pR. 12 41 naro vai devAnAM grAmaH - tANDya mahAbAhmaNa - 6/9/2 11 tandulavaicArikaprakIrNaka, DaoN.subhASa koThArI,, pR. 44 (sUktitriveNI, upA.amaramuni, pR. 156 se uddhRta) 12 asui vilivile game vasamANo vtthipulpcchnnnno| 42 zAMtasudhArasa, 6/geyASTaka/7 mAdU isibha lAlAiyaM tu tivvA suhaM pibdi|| 43 dullahe khalu mANuse bhave cirakAleNa vi svvpaanninnN| - - mUlAcAra, 72 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 10/4 13 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 1001-1004 44 bhAvanAsrota, sA.sulakSaNAzrI, 2/143 14 taMdulavaicArikaprakIrNaka, DaoN.subhASa koThArI, pR. 45-55 45 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/630 15 puSpaparAga, munijayAnaMdavijaya, 88 46 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 3/1 16 taMdulavaicArikaprakIrNaka, 64 47 AnandaghanapadasaMgraha, 432 17 vahI, 108 48 hindIsUkti-sandarbhakoza, maho.candraprabhasAgara, pR 98 18 sarvArthasiddhi, 2/36, pR. 139 49 vahI, pR. 98 19 pUraNa galanAnvarthasaMjJatvAt pudgalAH - tattvArtharAjavArttika, 50 zrImadrAjacandra, zikSApATha 67, amUlyatatvavicAra 1, 5/1/24, pR. 434 pR. 109 20 karmagraMtha, 1/34 51 manuSya meM devatva kA udaya, paM.zrIrAmazarmA, pR. 5.8 21 tattvArthasUtra, 2/17-18 52 amolasUktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, 69/1 22 aNujANaha saMthAraM, bAhuvahANeNa vaam-paasenn| 53 jJAnArNavaH, 2/6/9 - oghaniyukti, 205 54 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 3/1 23 vAtaM pitta tathA zleSmA zirA snAyuzca carma c| 55 jainendrasiddhAntakoza, 4/273 jaTharAgni riti prAjJaiH proktAH saptopadhAtavaH / / 56 anagAradharmAmRta, 7/9 - gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), 1/31 57 svasthavRtta samuccayaH, sva. rAjezvaradatta zAstrI, pR. 1 24 taMdulavaicArikaprakIrNaka, 143 58 vahI, pR. 2 25 vahI, 109 59 sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/83. 26 sahajasukhasAdhana, bra.sItalaprasAda, pR. 43 60 jainendrasiddhAntakoza, pR. 8 27 zarIrasaMbaMdhIjJAna, ketharina ArmasTrA~ga, pR. 39 61 vahI, pR. 8 28 anuprAyogika mAnava-zarIra racanA evaM kriyA vijJAna (ema.e. 62 kiMcI sakAya satthaM kiMcI parakAyA tadubhayaM kiNci| eyaM tu pustaka), pR. 4 davva satthaM bhAve a asaMjamo satthaM / / 29 (ka) zarIrasaMbaMdhIjJAna, ketharina ArmasTrA~ga, pR. 39-44 - AcArAMganiyukti, 96 (kha) anuprAyogika mAnava zarIra racanA evaM kriyA vijJAna (ema. 63 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/7/4 e.pustaka), pR. 2 64 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/71 301 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #376
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 457 65 sthAnAMgasUtra, 9/13 102 kabIra jaMtra na bAjaI, TUTi gae saba tAra / 66 nizIthabhASya, 4159 jaMtra bicArA kyA karai, calai bajAvaNahAra / / 67 hindIsUkti-saMdarbhakoza, maho.candraprabhasAgara, pR. 91 - kabIra graMthAvalI, DaoN.bhagavatsvarUpa mizra, pR. 185 68 vajjAlaggaM, 8/9 (prAkRtasUktikoza, maho.candraprabhasAgara, pR. 103 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 27 68 se uddhRta) (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 2/416 se uddhRta) 69 kAle kAlaM samAyare - uttarAdhyayanasUtra 1/31 104 (ka) kalyANakAraka, zrIugrAdityAcArya, 2/4 70 nizIthabhASya, 4159 (kha) Ayurveda dvArA saMpUrNa svAsthya, DaoN.govinda prasAda 71 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 16/12-13 upAdhyAya, pR. 22 72 jIvanavijJAna aura svAsthya (ema.e.pustaka), 1/2/9 105 nayAmAnava nayAvizva, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 104 73 vahI, 1/2/13 106 vahI, pR. 104 74 vahI, 1/2/11 107 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 14/5, pR. 388 75 vahI, 1/2/12 108 oghaniyukti, 578 76 vahI, 1/2/13 109 nizIthabhASya, 4159 77 vahI, 1/2/14 110 vyavahArabhASya, 4356 78 ArogyaaMka, gItApresa, gorakhapura, pR. 123-125 111 amolasUktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, 64/14 79 vahI, pR. 125 112 prekSAdhyAna (patrikA), janavarI, 2007, pR. 5 80 jIvanavijJAna aura svAsthya (ema.e.pustaka), 1/2/15 113 (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 35/17 81 vahI, 1/2/17 (kha) dazavaikAlikasUtra, 5/205 82 vahI, 3/12/1 114 (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/33, 35 83 Understanding Psychology, Robert S. Feldman, p. (kha) sthAnAMgasUtra, 6/41, 42 (ga) oghaniyuktibhASya, 290-291 84 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, 1/5, 2/10 (gha) mUlAcAra, 478-480 85 mahAbhArata, 12/243/6 115 mUlAcAra, 481 86 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/1/3 116 zrImadbhagavadgItA, 17/7 87 kalyANa (jIvanacaryAaMka), 2010, pR. 419 117 prekSAdhyAna (patrikA), janavarI, 2007, pR. 29 88 vahI, pR. 420 118 vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 86 89 vahI, pR. 415 119 vahI, 59 90 vahI, pR. 415 120 maMsaM amejjha sarisaM kimikulabhariyaM dugNdhbiimtch| 91 nizIthabhASya, 48 pAeNa chiveuM jaM Na tIrae ta kahaM bhottuM / / 92 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/56 - vahI, 85 93 jIvanavijJAna aura svAsthya (ema.e.pustaka), 5/18/3 121 kalyANa, ArogyaaMka, pR. 404 94 bhaktaparijJA, 84 122 zAkAhAra yA mAMsAhAra phaisalA Apa svayaM kareM, gopInAtha 95 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 199 agravAla, pR. 34-35 96 Adhunika asAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, pR. 338 123 aSTakaprakaraNam, 14-16 97 vyavahArabhASya, 1028 (jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 276 se uddhRta) 98 jainadharma meM vijJAna, DaoN. nArAyaNalAla kacchArA, pR. 121 124 zarAba se mukta samAja kI ora, me phlaoNvara, 99 svasthahatta samuccaya, sva. rAjezvaradatta zAstrI, pR. 2 pR. 26-30 100 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/71 125 upadezaprAsAda, pR. 221 101 atha khalviyaM daivi vINA bhavati - aitareya AraNyaka, 126 zAkAhAra yA mAMsAhAra phaisalA Apa svayaM kareM, gopInAtha 3/2/5 agravAla, pR. 34 (sUktitriveNI, upA.amaramuni, pR. 188 se uddhRta) 127 suzrI zikhA DAMgI (DAyaTiziyana) se carcA ke AdhAra para 128 upadezaprAsAda, 2/8, pR. 222 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 302 76 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #377
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 129 pravacanasAroddhAra, 1, pR. 107 166 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/16 130 abhakSya anaMtakAya vicAra, prANalAla mehatA, pR. 51 se uddhRta 167 yogazAstra, 3/65 131 risarca oNpha DAyaniMga Tebala, A.hemaratnasUri, 168 yajurveda Ahnika, 24/19 (rAtribhojanatyAga Avazyaka kyoM?, pR. 37-39 sA. sthitaprajJA, pR. 14 se uddhRta) 132 prekSAdhyAna (patrikA), janavarI, 2007, pR. 22 169 rAtribhojanatyAga Avazyaka kyoM?, sA.sthitaprajJA, 133 vahI, pR. 22 pR. 16 134 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/10 170 jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 872-873 135 pravacanasAroddhAra, 1, pR. 101 171 yogazAstra, 3/60 136 prekSAdhyAna (patrikA), janavarI 2007, pR. 22 172 DaoN.ema.bhaNDArI se carcA ke AdhAra para 137 paMcuMbari cauvigaI hima-visa-karage a savva-maTTi a| 173 sAgAradharmAmRta, AzAdhara, 4/24 rAi-bhoyaNagaM ciya bahu-bIa annNt-sNdhaannaa|| 174 rAtribhojanatyAga Avazyaka kyoM?, sA.sthitaprajJA, gholavaDA vAyaMgaNa amuNia-nAmAI pussph-phlaaii| pR. 7 tuccha-phalaM calia-rasa vajje vajjANi baaviisN|| 175 upAsakAdhyayana, A.jJAnabhUSaNa, 9/28-29 - abhakSya anaMtakAya vicAra, prANalAlamehatA, pR. 3 176 sAgAradharmAmRta, AzAdhara, 6/20 138 amolasUktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, 64/4 177 vahI, 6/20 139 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 9/3/4 178 AhAra aura adhyAtma, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 15-16 140 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 2/1/116 179 prekSAdhyAna (patrikA), janavarI, 2007, pR. 27 141 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 5/1/129-130 180 pravacanasAroddhAra, 1, pR. 405 142 abhakSya anaMtakAya vicAra, prANalAla mehatA, pR. 3 181 mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa, pR. 427 (vahI, pR. 545 se uddhRta) 143 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 17/11 182 vyAkhyAprajJapti, 7/1 (jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 545 se 144 vijJAna (kakSA 9), pR. 203 uddhRta) 145 yuvAdRSTi (patrikA), janavarI, 2010, pR. 32-33 183 vyavahArabhASya, 3682 evaM 3684 146 sAdhanA ke sUtra, madhukaramuni, pR. 220 184 vahI, 3701-3702 147 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 5/1/123 185 mahAvIra kA svAsthyazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 81-82 148 vahI, 6/22 186 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/11 149 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, pR. 237 187 nizIthabhASya, 2951 150 kalyANa, ArogyaaMka, pR. 137 188 thovo hAro thova bhaNio jo hoI thova niddoy| 151 yogazAstra, 3/62 thovo vahI uvagaNaNo tassahu devAvi pnnmNti|| 152 bubhukSAkAlo bhojanakAlaH - nItivAkyAmRta, 25/29 - nizIthabhASya (jainadharma meM vijJAna, DaoN.nArAyaNalAla 153 yogazAstra, 1/52 kacchArA, pR. 140 se uddhRta) 154 nItivAkyAmRta, 27/13 189 oghaniyukti, 578 155 yogazAstra, 1/52 190 jainadharma meM vijJAna, DaoN.nArAyaNalAla kacchArA, pR. 141 156 vahI, 1/52 191 guDabaoNya, pa. vairAgyaratnavijaya, pR. 57 157 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 19, pR. 148 192 mahAvIra kA svAsthyazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 83 158 kalyANakAraka, zrIugrAdityAcArya, 4/16 193 jainadharma meM vijJAna, DaoN.nArAyaNalAla kacchArA, pR. 141 159 sthAnAMgasUtra, 9/13 194 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 5/1/118-130 160 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 5/1/124 195 kalyANakAraka, zrIugrAdityAcArya, 4/17 161 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/12 196 aSTAMgasaMgrahaH, DaoN.ravidatta tripAThI, 10/26 162 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, 1/8 197 AhAra aura adhyAtma, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 39 163 AyurvedasiddhAMtarahasya, A.bAlakRSNa, pR. 139 198 vahI, pR. 39 164 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 3/2 199 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, pR. 234-237 165 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1244-1245 200 kalyANakAraka, zrIugrAdityAcArya, 4/19 303 adhyAya 5 : zarIra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #378
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 201 abhakSya anaMtakAya vicAra, prANalAla mehatA, pR. 25 202 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/3/9 203 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/30 204 abhakSya anaMtakAya vicAra, prANalAla mehatA, pR. 20 205 calo jinAlaya caleM, paM. hemaratnavijaya, pR. 26 206 kriyAkoSa, kavi kizanasiMha, 798-800 207 kalpasUtra, A.AnaMdasAgarasUrijI ma. sA., nauvIM vA~canA, pR. 484 208 Ayurveda siddhAMta rahasya, A.bAlakRSNa, pR. 148-149 209 prabodhaTIkA, 1/115 210 pravacanasAroddhAra, 3/183-185 211 mahAvIra kA svAsthyazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 71 212 prabodhaTIkA, 1/111 213 nayAmAnava nayAvizva, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 111 214 jIvanavijJAna : zikSA kA nayA AyAma, A.mahAprajJa, 239 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, pR. 60 240 vahI, pR. 57 241 bRhatkalpabhASya, 4118 242 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 19, pR. 139-143 243 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/63-66 244 tattvArthasUtra, 7/16 245 yogazAstra, 1/48, 51 246 tattvArthasUtra, 9/7 247 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 872 248 bRhatkalpabhASya, 940 249 vahI, 940 250 sthAnAMgasUtra, 9/13 251 puSpaparAga, munijayAnaMdavijaya, 383 se uddhRta 252 mahAvIra kA svAsthyazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 30 253 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 3/12 pR. 23 215 kaise soceM?, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 58 216 tattvArthasUtra, 5/21 217 hindIsUkti-saMdarbhakoza, maho.candraprabhasAgara, pR. 19 218 bRhatkalpabhASya, 825 219 zrImaddevacandra, vartamAna caubIsI, 9/6 220 vyavahArabhASya, 91-93 221 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/18 222 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, pR. 248 223 dazavaikAlikasUtra, saMta bAlajI, pR. 112 (dazavaikAlikasUtra, munimizrImalajI, pR. 317 se uddhRta) 224 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, pR. 249 225 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 2, pR. 4 226 vahI, pR.6 227 nItivAkyAmRta, 25/3 228 vahI, 25/3 229 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, pR. 249 230 nItivAkyAmRta, 25/21-22 231 kalyANakAraka, zrIugrAdityAcArya, 6/24 232 vyavahArabhASya, 3412 . 233 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, pR. 248-253 234 vahI, pR. 31 235 yogazAstra, 1/50 236 vahI, 1/49 (jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 235 se uddhRta) 237 zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa, pR. 58 238 jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 244-245 78 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 304 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #379
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 6 | abhivyakti prabandhana COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENE For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #380
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #381
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 6 abhivyakti-prabandhana (Communication Management) Page No. Chap. Cont. 305 309 311 313 317 320 320 321 6.1 abhivyakti kA svarUpa - sAMketika aura bhASika abhivyakti 6.2 abhivyakti kA mahattva 6.3 bhASika (vAcika) abhivyakti kA viziSTa mahattva 6.4 bhASika-abhivyakti kA durupayoga 6.5 asaMyamita bhASika-abhivyakti ke duSpariNAma 6.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM bhASika-abhivyakti kA prabandhana 6.6.1 abhivyakti meM syAdvAda (sApekSatA) 6.6.2 vANI ke sAtha vicAroM kA samyaka saMyama 6.6.3 bhASA samiti (1) priya vacana (2) hita vacana (3) mita vacana (4) niravadya (nirdoSa) vacana 6.6.4 jIvana meM vANI kA samyaka prayoga 6.6.5 bhASA-samiti kA pAlana na ho pAne ke aMtaraMga kAraNa 6.6.6 vacana-gupti (mauna) 6.6.7 vaktRtva ke sAtha zravaNa kalA kA samyaka samanvaya 6.7 bhASika-abhivyakti-prabandhana : prAyogika-adhyayana 6.8 niSkarSa 6.9 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment: A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 321 322 324 328 331 337 339 342 347 353 357 358 359 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #382
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #383
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 6 6. 1 abhivyakti kA svarUpa 6.1.1 abhivyakti kA svarUpa pratyeka prANI apane vicAroM, sUcanAoM, bhAvanAoM evaM anubhUtiyoM ko dUsaroM ke samakSa prastuta karatA hai aura isa prakAra dUsaroM ko apane jJAna evaM anubhUti meM sahabhAgI banAtA hai|' yaha pArasparika sahabhAgitA kI prakriyA hI abhivyakti yA saMpreSaNa kahalAtI hai| kisI bhI samudAya yA samUha ko eka sUtra meM pirone ke lie sampreSaNa - vyavasthA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| 2 abhivyakti - prabandhana (Communication Management) 305 samAna / abhivyakti yA saMpreSaNa zabda aMgrejI ke Communication ( kamyunikezana) zabda kA hindI paryAya hai| yaha leTina zabda 'kamyunisa' (Communis) se vyutpanna huA hai, jisakA artha hai ataH hena evaM hena (1978) kI dRSTi meM, saMpreSaNa vaha prakriyA hai, jisameM do yA adhika vyakti vicAroM kA isa prakAra AdAna-pradAna karate haiM ki ve prApta sandezoM kA artha, Azaya evaM upayogitA ko samAna rUpa se grahaNa kara skeN| isa prakAra, saphala abhivyakti ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki sUcanA dene vAlA aura sUcanA pAne vAlA viSaya-vastu kA eka-sA artha bodha prApta kara ske| sAMketika aura bhASika abhivyakti yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanA upadeza tatkAlIna janabhogya lokabhASA prAkRta meM diyA, jisase janasAmAnya ko arthabodha sugamatA se ho ske| isake pazcAt jainAcAryoM ne bhI jIvoM kI yogyatA ko AdhAra banAkara upadeza dene ke vividha prakAroM kA nirdeza diyA, jaise saMkSipta - ruci vAle jIvoM ke lie saMkSipta upadeza evaM vistAra - ruci vAle jIvoM ke lie vistRta upadeza dene kI praNAlI, cAra anuyogoM kI praNAlI, naya - nikSepa paddhati ityAdi / isase sahaja hI jainadarzana meM sampreSaNa-prakriyA ke prati jAgarukatA kA bodha hotA hai| Adhunika yuga meM aneka vicArakoM ne saMpreSaNa ko paribhASita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, jaise adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana - For Personal & Private Use Only 1
Page #384
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kItha Devisa (Keith Devis) ke anusAra, 'sampreSaNa vaha prakriyA hai, jisameM sandeza aura samajha ko eka se dUsare vyakti taka pahu~cAyA jAtA hai| " nyUmena evaM samara (Newman & Summer ) ke anusAra, 'sampreSaNa do yA adhika vyaktiyoM ke madhya tathyoM, vicAroM, sammatiyoM evaM bhAvanAoM kA vinimaya hai / " luIsa e. elana (Louis A. Allen) ke anusAra, 'sampreSaNa meM ve sabhI cIjeM zAmila haiM, jinake mAdhyama se eka vyakti apanI bAta ko dUsare vyakti ke mana taka pahu~cAtA hai| vastutaH, yaha sampreSaNa do vyaktiyoM ke bIca arthabodha karane ke lie setu ke samAna hai| isake antargata kahane, sunane aura samajhane kI satata evaM vyavasthita prakriyAe~ sammilita hotI haiN| " uparyukta cintana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki saMpreSaNa eka satata prakriyA hai, jisameM do yA adhika vyakti apane sandezoM, bhAvanAoM, vicAroM, sammatiyoM tathA tarkoM kA pArasparika vinimaya (Exchange) karate haiN| isa prakAra abhivyakti eka yukti yA kalA hai, jisase sUcanAoM kA AdAna-pradAna hotA hai|' aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki vyakti apanI abhivyaktiyoM kA saMpreSaNa kisa-kisa prakAra se karatA hai? 6.1.2 abhivyakti ke prakAra vizva ke sabhI prANI AtmAbhivyakti do prakAra se karate haiM 2 (1) sAMketika yA zArIrika abhivyakti (2) zAbdika yA vAcika (dhvanyAtmaka) abhivyakti (1) zArIrika yA sAMketika abhivyakti yaha abhivyakti zabda yA dhvani ke bagaira zArIrika avayavoM, jaise - hAtha, paira, A~kha, mukha - mudrA Adi kI kriyAoM kA prayoga karake kI jAtI hai| isake antargata bAhya saMketoM, jaise jhaNDI, DaNDA, padaka, puraskAra, upahAra Adi kA prayoga bhI zAmila hai| apane bacce ko cUmatI huI mA~, khilaune kI ora u~galI-nirdeza karatA huA bAlaka, relave caukI para lAla / harI jhaNDI batAtA huA karmacArI ityAdi sAMketika - abhivyakti ke hI vividha rUpa haiM / jainaAcArazAstroM meM nirdiSTa vividha vidhi-vidhAnoM meM zAbdika ke sAtha-sAtha sAMketika - abhivyaktiyoM ke samyak prayoga ko bhI bahuta mahattva diyA gayA hai, jaise caityavandana, guruvandana, pratikramaNa, pUjA ityAdi kI kriyAoM meM vibhinna mudrAoM kA upayoga / jainAcAra ke antargata samatA bhAva ke abhyAsa ke lie nirdiSTa sAmAyika, dezAvagAsika evaM pauSadhAdi kI kriyAe~ pramukha haiN| inameM zArIrika ziSTAcAra ko bhI mahattva diyA gayA hai| sAmAyika kriyA meM mana evaM vacana sambandhI dasa-dasa doSoM ke atirikta, kAyA ke bAraha doSoM ke lie bhI upAsaka ko doSI mAnA gayA hai, jaise paira lambe rakha kara baiThanA, dIvAra se pITha TikA kara baiThanA ityAdi, kyoMki ye upAsaka kI ajAgarukatA, anyamanaskatA, aruci evaM avinaya ko iMgita karate haiN| jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva - For Personal & Private Use Only 306
Page #385
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) zAbdika yA vAcika (dhvanyAtmaka) abhivyakti yaha abhivyakti adhika suspaSTa evaM vikasita hai, jo zabda yA dhvani kA prayoga karake kI jAtI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, ekendriya jIva abhASaka hote haiM, ataH inameM dhvani-saMketoM ke mAdhyama se AtmAbhivyakti asambhava hai, zeSa sabhI prANI bhASaka hote haiM, ve dhvani saMketoM se apanI abhivyakti karate haiN| jahA~ eka ora zArIrika abhivyaktiyA~ azravaNIya hotI haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora dhvanyAtmaka abhivyaktiyA~ sunI jA sakatI haiN| dhvani bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai - bhASAtmaka evaM abhaassaatmk| bhASAtmaka dhvani mukha se utpanna hotI hai, jabaki abhASAtmaka dhvani koI bhI do vastuoM ke AghAta se utpanna hotI hai| abhASAtmaka dhvani ke antargata meghagarjanA, bA~surI-vAdana, zaMkhanAda, ghaNTI bajAnA Adi Ate haiN| inakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye jar3a-nimittaka hone se 'vaisrasaja' / 'svabhAvaja' (Natural) bhI hote haiM evaM manuSya-nimittaka hone se 'prayogaja' (Manual) bhI hote haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa, meghagarjanA vaisrasaja hai, jabaki ghaNTI kA bajanA prayogaja hai|10 jahA~ taka dhvani kA prazna hai, yaha bhale hI vaisrasaja aura prayogaja - donoM prakAroM kI hotI ho, lekina jahA~ taka dhvanyAtmaka abhivyakti kA savAla hai, yaha to hamezA prayogaja hI hotI hai| vaisrasaja dhvaniyA~ isa adhyAya kI viSaya-vastu se pare haiN| prayogaja dhvaniyoM meM se bhI abhASAtmaka kI apekSA bhASAtmaka dhvani adhika sahaja evaM svabhAvika hotI hai| isa bhASAtmaka dhvani ko hI hama vANI yA vacana bhI kaha sakate haiM aura isake prabandhana-sUtroM kA pratipAdana karanA hI isa adhyAya kA pramukha pratipAdya hai| yaha bhASAtmaka dhvani punaH do prakAra kI hotI hai - ka) akSarAtmaka bhASA aura kha) anakSarAtmaka bhaassaa|1 akSarAtmaka bhASA kA prayoga akSara, pada evaM vAkya ke rUpa meM hotA hai aura yaha abhivyakti kA sarvottama sAdhana hai, parantu yaha yogyatA bhI hara prANI meM nahIM hotii| jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa kahA hai ki bhale hI ekendriya ke atirikta sabhI prANiyoM meM bhASAbhivyakti kI yogyatA hotI hai, lekina akSarAtmaka-bhASAbhivyakti kI kSamatA to sirpha manuSyoM meM hI hotI hai| yahA~ taka ki kitane hI saMjJI (samanaska) pazu-pakSiyoM meM cintana-manana-vicAra kI zakti to hotI hai, lekina akSarAtmaka-bhASAbhivyakti kI nahIM ke braabr| vastutaH, kisI bhI pazu-pakSI ko kyoM na liyA jAe, usakI bhASA ke zabda bahuta sImita haiN| vaijJAnikoM ne parIkSaNa ke bAda yaha pAyA hai ki baMdaroM kI bhASA meM chaha yA sAta zabda hI hote haiN| kisI pakSI kI bhASA meM tIna zabda haiM, to kisI kI bhASA meM paaNc| isakA artha yaha hai ki pazu-pakSiyoM kA koI zabdakoza hI nahIM hotaa| manuSya hI aisA prANI hai. jisane samartha zabdakoza kA nirmANa kiyA hai| abhivyakti kI isI zakti ke AdhAra para 307 adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #386
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ manuSya ne vividha bhASAoM evaM boliyoM kA vikAsa kiyA hai| ataH yaha sunizcita hai ki manuSya meM apanI bhAvanAoM ko abhivyakta karane kI advitIya, anupama aura atulanIya kSamatA hai| isI se manuSya kI sarvazreSThatA siddha hotI hai| abhivyakti kI isa ativikasita kSamatA kA samyak dizA meM niyojana kisa prakAra se kiyA jAe, isakI carcA jainAcAra ke AdhAra para Age kI jaaegii| ====== ====== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 308 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #387
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.2 abhivyakti kA mahattva __ manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai aura samyak abhivyakti hI usake susaMgata evaM suvyavasthita sAmAjika jIvana kI AdhArazilA hai| vaha samAja meM janma letA hai, bar3A hotA hai aura jIvanaparyanta samAja meM hI jItA hai| apane jIvanakAla meM vaha hajAroM vyaktiyoM ke samparka meM AtA hai aura abhivyakti ke mAdhyama se hI vaha vicAroM aura bhAvoM kA AdAna-pradAna kara pAtA hai| vartamAna meM sAmudAyika jIvana mukhyatayA saphala saMpreSaNa-kauzala (Communication Skill) para hI nirbhara hotA jA rahA hai| apane bacce ko cUmatI huI mA~, mobAIla para bAtacIta karatA huA navayuvaka, gale milate hue dosta, hAtha phailAtA huA bhikhArI, kakSA meM par3hAtA huA adhyApaka, hAtha jor3atA huA netA, nirdeza detA huA adhikArI Adi anekAneka prasaMga jIvana meM sampreSaNa kI mahattA ko pratipAdita karate haiN| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki yadi kisI sAdhAraNa vyakti ko aise sthAna para bandI banA diyA jAe, jahA~ para use jIvana jIne kI sArI suvidhAeM upalabdha hoM, kintu vaha apanI anubhUtiyoM evaM bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti na kara sake, to nizcaya hI use jIvana niHsAra lagane lagegA, sambhava hai vaha kucha samaya ke pazcAt pAgala hokara AtmahatyA bhI kara le| isase hama samajha sakate haiM ki hamAre jIvana meM sampreSaNa kA kitanA mahattva hai| yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki kevala manuSya hI nahIM, apitu pazu-pakSI bhI binA abhivyakti ke nahIM jI skte| vAstava meM dUsaroM ko apanI AtmAbhivyakti meM sahabhAgI banAnA aura dUsaroM kI AtmAbhivyakti meM sahabhAgI bananA, yaha prANI kI sahaja svAbhAvika pravRtti hai|" isa pArasparika sahabhAgitA kI pravRtti ko hI tattvArthasUtra meM jainAcArya umAsvAti ne 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai|" prANI-jIvana meM saMpreSaNa kI AvazyakatA anivArya hai| saMpreSaNa hI ekamAtra aisA mAdhyama hai, jisase prANI eka-dUsare kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kara sakatA hai| ghara, dukAna, restrAM, basa-sthAnaka, rela-sthAnaka, vidyAlaya, aspatAla, sabjI bAjAra Adi koI bhI sthAna kyoM na ho, hamArI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti taba taka nahIM ho sakatI, jaba taka hama apanI samyak bhAvAbhivyakti nahIM kreNge|18 roTI, kapar3A aura makAna ke pazcAt samyak saMpreSaNa karanA jIvana kI eka atimahattvapUrNa AvazyakatA hai| hamezA se hI vyakti, samAja aura vizva kA astitva evaM vikAsa kevala svastha saMpreSaNa para hI AdhArita rahA hai| jisa samudAya kI saMpreSaNa-praNAlI jitanI adhika vikasita hotI hai, usakI pragati kI gati bhI utanI hI tIvra hotI hai| isI mahattA ko samajhakara Adhunika yuga meM saMcAra kSetra meM atyadhika pragati huI hai| isase hI isa yuga ko '3G spekTrama' kI saMjJA bhI dI jAtI hai| TelIphona, mobAIla, phaiksa, I-mela, iMTaraneTa Adi kaI prakAra ke saMcAra-sAdhanoM ke AviSkAroM ne vizva-sampreSaNa adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana 309 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #388
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ko atiAsAna banA diyA hai| vAstava meM jeTa ke samAna tIvra gati se daur3ate hue isa vizva kI bhautika unnati meM saMcAra-krAnti kA ahama yogadAna rahA hai| yaha mAnanA galata hogA ki sirpha Adhunika yuga meM hI saMpreSaNa ke mahattva ko svIkArA gayA hai, kyoMki prAcIna jainaAcArazAstroM meM bhI saMpreSaNa-saMyama yA saMpreSaNa-viveka para atyadhika jora diyA gayA hai| na kevala AdhyAtmika jIvana, apitu vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI inameM nirdiSTa siddhAntoM ko prayoga karanA eka anivArya karttavya hai| sampreSaNa-saMyama hetu jainazAstroM, jaise - AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, prazna-vyAkaraNa, prajJApanA, dazavaikAlika , uttarAdhyayana Adi meM paryApta nirdeza haiN| =====4.>===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 310 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #389
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.3 bhASika (vAcika) abhivyakti kA viziSTa mahattva ___ yahA~ para yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata hogA ki Aja AtmAbhivyakti ke lie manuSya ke pAsa anekAneka sAdhana upalabdha haiM, phira bhI vAcika-abhivyakti kA mahattva viziSTa hai| dhvani-saMketoM kA sarvAdhika vikasita rUpa hai - boliyA~ evaM bhaassaaeN| udAharaNArtha, saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI, aMgrejI, phreMca, jarmana, rusI Adi bhASAe~ haiM, jabaki mAlavI, chattIsagar3hI, buMdelakhaNDI, mAravAr3I Adi boliyA~ haiN| yadyapi bhASA kA astitva kaba se hai, isakA koI spaSTa uttara to nahIM milatA, phira bhI itanA avazya hai ki bhASA aura bolI kA vikAsa mAnava kI ativiziSTa upalabdhi hai| bhASA aura bolI kA vikAsa hone se manuSya jitanI svAbhAvikatA, spaSTatA evaM sahajatA se apanI abhivyakti kara pAtA hai, utanI dasare prANI nahIM kara paate| udAharaNasvarUpa. anya anakSarAtmaka dhvani-saMketoM athavA zArIrika saMketoM se kisI vastu kI svAdAnubhUti utanI spaSTatA se vyakta nahIM kI jA sakatI, jitanI zabdapradhAna bhASA ke mAdhyama se| ataH AcArya daNDI kA yaha kathana sArthaka hai ki yadi vANI rUpI prakAza saMsAra ko prakAzita nahIM karatA, to tInoM loka aMdhakAra meM hI DUbe rhte|20 yaha zabdapradhAna bhASA hI hai, jise oNDiyo upakaraNoM, jaise - kaiseTa, sI.DI., hArDa Diska, pena DrAiva Adi meM saMgRhIta karake prasaMgAnusAra prasArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| lipi kA AviSkAra hone se ina bhASAyI abhivyaktiyoM ko lekhanIbaddha karake surakSita bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai, jo abhivyaktiyoM ke anya mAdhyamoM meM sambhava nahIM hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhagavAna RSabhadevajI ne lipi-vyavasthA kA AviSa karake abhivyakti ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| mUlataH manuSya ne niyata vyaktiyoM, vastuoM, sUcanAoM, tathyoM, ghaTanAoM, bhAvanAoM evaM anubhUtiyoM ke lie niyata zabda-pratIka arthAt nAma nirdhArita kie haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa, 'palaMga' zabda vastuvizeSa kA, 'karuNA' zabda bhAvanAvizeSa kA, "mIThA' zabda svAdavizeSa kA aura "dillI' zabda sthAnavizeSa kA | hai| inhIM zabda-pratIkoM ko vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para saMjJA. sarvanAma kriyA. vizeSaNa. kriyAvizeSaNa Adi aMgoM (Parts of Speech) meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| inhIM zabda-pratIkoM kI niyamabaddha vyavasthA ko bhASA (Language) kahA jAtA hai, jo zrotA ko vaktA ke dvArA saMpreSaNIya bhAvoM kA jJAna karAtI hai| yadyapi zabdoM ke mAdhyama se kI jAne vAlI yaha bhASika-abhivyakti sirpha sAMketika (Symbolic) hI hotI hai, phira bhI abhivyakti kA isase adhika suspaSTa, sahaja, svAbhAvika, sazakta aura suvyavasthita anya koI mAdhyama na to aba taka khojA jA sakA hai aura na khoje jAne kI koI sambhAvanA pratIta hotI hai| kula milAkara, kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhASika-abhivyakti sabhI abhivyaktiyoM kA prANa hai| yaha vyakti ke vyaktitva kA darpaNa hai| yaha hamArI saMskRti aura sabhyatA kI spaSTa paricAyaka hai| yUriyA 311 adhyAya 6: abhivyakti prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #390
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ludhovika ne to yahA~ taka kaha diyA ki 'vAcika-vikAsa aura mAnasika-vikAsa eka-dUsare para nirbhara haiM tathA vANI kI aupacArika zikSA (Formal Education) vyakti kI mAnasika kSamatAoM kA asAdhAraNa vikAsa karatI hai| 29 vastutaH bhAva aura bhASA kA, vicAra aura vANI kA evaM saMkalpa aura zabda kA atyadhika gahana sambandha hai| vANI prAcInakAla se hI manuSya kI abhivyakti kA pramukha sAdhana rahI hai| yaha vaha mAdhyama hai, jisase koI vyakti anya vyaktiyoM evaM samAja se samparka evaM ghaniSThatA sthApita karane meM saphala ho pAtA hai| AcArya vinobA bhAve ke zabdoM meM, 'vANI to saMyojaka zakti hai| vaha to andara kI duniyA aura bAhara kI duniyA ko, AtmajJAna evaM vijJAna ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I hai| isake atirikta bhASA kA apanA eka lacIlApana bhI hotA hai, kyoMki isameM eka hI bhAva ko abhivyakta karane ke lie kaI paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA upayoga karane kI suvidhA hotI hai| ina zabdoM meM artha kI dRSTi se AMzika samAnatA hone ke sAtha-sAtha AMzika bhinnatA bhI hotI hai, jisase bhAvAbhivyakti ko aura adhika saTIka, spaSTa evaM sugama banAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI bhASika-abhivyakti kA apanA vaiziSTya hai| isa prakAra, bhASika-abhivyakti manuSya kI AdhyAtmika, dhArmika, naitika, sAmAjika, Arthika evaM rAjanItika unnati kA mUla hai| isake viziSTa mahattva ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hI jainaAcArazAstro meM saMyamita vacana-vyavahAra ke lie aneka nirdeza die gae haiM, jinakA pAlana karake vyakti apane vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana kA utthAna kara sakatA hai| isakI vistRta carcA Age kI jaaegii| =====4.>===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 312 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #391
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.4 bhASika-abhivyakti kA durupayoga sAmAnyataura para manuSya tIna taraha se apanI AtmAbhivyakti kara sakatA hai zArIrika saMketoM ke mAdhyama se bhASika saMketoM ke mAdhyama se zArIrika evaM bhASika donoM saMketoM ke mAdhyama se yadyapi zArIrika-saMketoM kI tulanA meM bhASika - saMketoM kA prabhAva bahuta adhika hotA hai, phira bhI yaha vicAraNIya hai ki jisa sAdhana kI prabhAvazIlatA jitanI adhika hotI hai, usake prayoga meM utanI hI adhika sAvadhAnI rakhanA bhI apekSita hai| atIta se lekara varttamAna taka aisI kaI ghaTanAe~ huI haiM, jinameM bhASika-abhivyakti ke thor3e se anucita prayoga ne bhI ativikarAla duSpariNAma prakaTa kie haiN| udAharaNArtha, vacana ne hI kaikeyI ke nimitta se rAma ko vanavAsa dilAyA, to draupadI ke nimitta se mahAbhArata kA yuddha bhI kraayaa| bhASA kI nakArAtmaka prabhAvazIlatA (Effectiveness) ke AdhAra para hI kisI ne kahA hai" " churI kaiMcI talavAra kA ghAva lagA so bharA / lagA jakhma jabAM kA, vo rahatA hai harA / / vANI kI isa zakti ko dekhate hue pratyeka manuSya ke lie yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki vaha abhivyakti ke duSprayogoM ko samajhe aura inase hone vAle duSpariNAmoM se bce| jainAcAryoM ne aneka sthAnoM para vANI ke durupayoga yA asaMyama ko spaSTa karate hue unase sAvadhAna rahane kI zikSA dI hai| varttamAna yuga meM pracalita asaMyamita vANI - vyavahAra isa prakAra haiM 313 (1) vikathA prAyaH yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki vyakti kA adhika samaya aprAsaMgika, anupayogI evaM uddezyavihIna vArtAoM meM hI vyatIta ho jAtA hai| kabhI rAjanIti kI, kabhI deza-videza kI, kabhI bhojana kI aura kabhI viparIta liMga vAle strI yA purUSa kI anAvazyaka carcAoM meM vyakti apane amUlya samaya kA apavyaya karatA rahatA hai| ise hI jainAcAryoM vikathA arthAt viparIta vArtA kahA hai aura isakA niSedha bhI kiyA hai| 28 -- (2) Atma-prazaMsA Aja prAyaH eka anya vRtti bahuta tejI se phaila rahI aura vaha hai Atma- prazaMsA kI / vyakti apane sammAna kI cAha meM sarvatra apane hI guNagAna karatA rahatA hai| ise hI jainAcAryoM ne mAna - kaSAya kI vRtti kahA hai aura Ajakala ise Egocentric Expression kahate haiM / jahA~ Atma-prazaMsA hai, vahA~ paranindA hotI hI hai| jainAcAryoM ne isa vRtti kA niSedha karate hue ise nimnastarIya karma mAnA hai, adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 9
Page #392
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kyoMki unake anusAra, isase nIca-gotra-karma kA bandhana hotA hai|29 (3) hAsya kaI caurAhoM aura caupAloM para athavA gharoM, dukAnoM evaM sAmAjika kAryakramoM meM ha~sI-majAka honA Ama bAta hai| yaha vRtti dinoMdina bar3ha rahI hai| adhikAMzatayA aisI carcAe~ kevala dUsaroM kA upahAsa karane, vyaMgya kasane, nIcA dikhAne, tiraskAra karane, jhUThA prema jatAne, azlIla bhAvanAoM ko bhar3akAne , dUsaroM ko rijhAne ityAdi uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie hI hotI haiN| inakA stara kaI bAra atyanta nimna bhI ho jAtA hai| philmoM aura TI.vI. sIriyaloM meM sune gae kaI phUhar3a saMvAda, kisse-kahAniyA~ Adi vyakti yAda kara letA hai aura Aedina anyoM ko sunAtA rahatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne isa vRtti ko bhI asaMyamita vANI prayoga ke antargata samAviSTa kiyA hai| jainadarzana meM zrAvaka ke lie ise 'anarthadaNDa' kA doSa batAyA gayA hai| anyatra bhI ise 'hAsya-kaSAya' nAmaka doSa mAnA gayA hai| yaha vRtti vyakti kI gambhIratA, sabhyatA, ziSTatA, zAlInatA aura mitabhASitA kI virodhI hai| (4) pApa-kathana isI prakAra vyakti ke vyaktitva meM vyApta bhASika-abhivyakti ke doSoM kI jhalaka hameM usake kriyAkalApoM meM bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| bAta-bAta meM jhUTha bolanA (mRSAvAda), cillA-cillAkara vAcika-vivAda karanA (kalaha), eka-dUsare para jhUThA doSAropaNa karanA (abhyAkhyAna), dUsaroM kI gopanIya bAtoM ko prakaTa karanA arthAt cugalakhorI karanA (paizunya), nindA karanA (para-parivAda), anyoM ko Thagane kI icchA se jhUTha bolanA (mAyA-mRSAvAda) Adi aise kArya haiM, jinameM vANI kA durupayoga hotA hai aura jinheM jainAcAryoM ne aThAraha pApasthAnakoM meM sthAna diyA hai| vastutaH ye doSa hamAre vyaktitva kI hI visaMgatiyA~ haiN| inase loka-vyavahAra aura vyAvasAyika kriyAkalApa bhI bAdhita hote haiM, ataH yaha abhivyakti kI akuzalatA yA kuprabandhana hai| (5) mukharatA bhASika-abhivyakti ke durupayoga kA hI eka rUpa hai - 'mukharatA' yA 'vaacaaltaa'| Aja vyakti 'khUba bolanA' apanI eka khUbI mAnatA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - buddhimAn purUSa to sandeha meM rahatA hai ki kahA~ se bolanA Arambha kare, kintu mUrkha yaha nahIM jAnatA ki kahA~ bolanA samApta kre| sAtha hI anAdarapUrvaka , aziSTatApUrvaka aura ahaMkArapUrvaka bolanA vyakti kI Adata banatI jA rahI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha kathana vartamAna pariveza meM vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya hai ki 'moharite saccavayaNassa palimathU' arthAt mukharatA se satya-vacanoM kA vinAza hotA hai| 33 vastutaH vAcAlatA, bahuta adhika bolanA, bar3a-bar3a karanA, zora-gula karanA, hallA-gullA karanA Adi samajhadArI nahIM, varan hamAre vyaktitva kI bahuta bar3I kamajorI hai| jainAcAryoM kA kathana hai ki hAsyavaza, lobhavaza krodhavaza bolA gayA satya bhI asatya hI hai| 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 314 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #393
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) mRSAvAda Aja jhUTha bolane kI vRtti dhundha ke samAna tIvra gati se samAja meM phaila rahI hai| bhAI-bhAI, pati-patnI, pitA-putra , mA~-beTI, mitra-mitra, guru-ziSya Adi koI bhI pavitra riztA kyoM na ho, isase achUtA nahIM hai| hara vyakti kI prAmANikatA aura vizvasanIyatA para prazna cihna laga rahe haiN| bar3e-bar3e rAjapurUSoM, aphasaroM, vyApAriyoM, khilAr3iyoM, vidvAnoM, vaijJAnikoM evaM vidyArthiyoM ke kAle-kAranAmoM ke rAja Aedina prakaTa ho rahe haiN| isase mAnasika zAnti bhaMga hotI hai, sAmAjika sthiti kamajora hotI hai aura jIvana kalaMkita ho jAtA hai| ataH dazavaikAlika meM sarala-satya jIvanazailI kI sarAhanA karate hue kahA gayA hai - 'musAvAo u logammi, savvasAhuhiM garahio' arthAt mRSAvAda aisA duSkRta hai, jisase saMsAra meM samasta sajjanoM ke dvArA tiraskAra prApta hotA hai| ataH varttamAnakAlIna evaM bhaviSyakAlIna duSpariNAmoM kA vicAra kara hameM jhUThe vacanoM ke prayoga kA dRr3hatA se khaNDana kara satya para AdhArita jIvanazailI apanAnI caahie| kaI bAra hameM eka mAnasika bhrama hotA hai ki asatya athavA asatyamizrita satya bhASA kA prayoga kie binA jIvana-yAtrA Age nahIM bar3ha sktii| kaI logoM kA to vyavasAya hI jhUTha bolane para nirbhara hotA hai| jhUTha bolanA kaiyoM kI Adata meM zAmila ho jAtA hai| aise loga akAraNa hI jhUTha bolate haiM, jaise - Ae the kisI aura kAma se, kintu kahate haiM - 'hama to Apase hI milane Ae haiM' aadi| kaiyoM ke mu~ha se jhUTha anAyAsa hI nikala jAtA hai| Aja jhUTha kA pracalana atyadhika bar3ha rahA hai, phira bhI jainAcAryoM ne sadaiva satya kA hI anumodana kiyA hai| ve dRr3hatA se kahate haiM - jIvana-yAtrA meM milane vAlI sukha-samRddhi evaM suvidhAe~ vyakti ke pUrvakRta puNya-pApa karmoM kA phala hai, na ki caturAI yukta jhUThe vacanoM kaa| jaba eka mUka mAnava aura pazu-pakSI bhI binA jhUTha bole apanA jIvana-yApana kara sakate haiM, to hama kyoM nahIM? jaina muni saMyama jIvana aMgIkAra karane ke sAtha hI sUkSma se sUkSma asatya kA bhI AjIvana tyAga kara dete haiM, to gRhastha kyoM nahIM kara sakate? prazna-vyAkaraNa meM to sAvaceta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki asatya vacana bolane se badanAmI hotI hai, paraspara vaira bar3hatA hai tathA mana meM saMklezabhAvoM kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| ataH mana se kabhI burA socanA nahIM aura vacana se kabhI burA bolanA nahIM caahie| (7) avaktavya vacana mRSAvAda hI kabhI-kabhI satya kA rUpa banAkara bhI prastuta hotA hai, kintu vyakti ko yaha samajhanA cAhie ki satya vahI sArthaka hai, jo sva-para jIvana-utkarSa ke lie ho, na ki jIvana-apakarSa ke lie, isIlie bhASA hamezA ArAdhaka honI cAhie, na ki viraadhk| jo vacana karNakarkaza, karNazUla evaM hRdayavidAraka haiM, mAnasika pIr3AkAraka haiM, vyartha-bakavAsa rUpa haiM, Agama-viruddha haiM, prANiyoM ke lie vadha-bandhakArI, vaira-kalaha-utpAdaka haiM, gurujanoM ke avajJAkAraka haiM, ve sarvavacana asatya hI haiN| prajJApanAsUtra meM eka sthAna para kahA gayA hai - upayoga arthAt 315 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana 11 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #394
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vicArapUrvaka bolI jAe~, to cAroM prakAra kI bhASAe~ ArAdhaka haiM aura vivekarahita hokara bolI jAe~, to cAroM hI bhASAe~ virAdhaka haiM, kyoMki inameM pramAda hai| hamArI vANI aisI honI cAhie, jisameM sva aura para donoM kA apakarSa na ho| AcArAMga meM isIlie eka upayogI nirdeza diyA gayA hai - 'na attANaM AsAejjA, no paraM AsAejjA' arthAt na apanI avahelanA karo, na anyoM kii| yaha siddhAnta jIvana ke pratyeka pahalU, vizeSataH vANI ke kSetra meM bhI pUrNa prayojya hai|38 (8) mAyA-mRSAvAda mRSAvAda kA hI eka anya rUpa 'mAyA-mRSAvAda' hai, jo vartamAna meM atyanta mukhara hotA jA rahA hai| vyakti ke vicAra, vANI aura vyavahAra meM ekarUpatA nahIM dikhAI detii| 'mukha meM rAma, bagala meM chUrI' - yaha kahAvata adhikAMza logoM ke jIvana meM caritArtha hotI hai| cAhe netAoM kA AzvAsana ho, vyApArI kI grAhaka ke prati AtmIyatA kI abhivyakti ho, bhraSTa aphasara kI anyoM ke prati kI gaI zubhakAmanAe~ hoM athavA cApalUsa naukara kI cATukAritAmaya vANI hI kyoM na ho, ye saba jhUTha ke hI rUpa haiM, kyoMki inakI kathanI aura karanI meM antara hotA hai| nizIthacUrNikAra bhI kahate haiM - 'annaM bhAsai, annaM karei tti musAvAo' arthAt 'kahanA kucha aura karanA kucha', yahI mRSAvAda hai| isa prakAra, hama bhinna-bhinna taraha se apanI abhivyakti kI zakti kA nakArAtmaka prayoga karate haiM, lekina hameM yaha socanA Avazyaka hai ki jo abhivyakti hama kara rahe haiM, usakA pariNAma kyA milegA? =====4.>===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 316 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #395
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.5 asaMyamita bhASika - abhivyakti ke duSpariNAma abhivyakti aura vizeSa rUpa se vAcika - abhivyakti (vANI) kI sabase ahama vizeSatA hai ki vaha dhanuSa se chUTe hue bANa ke samAna hotI hai, jo mukha rUpI kamAna meM lauTAI nahIM jA sakatI / vaktA cAhe sAyAsa kahe athavA anAyAsa, mukha se jo zabda nikala jAte haiM, ve to apanA prabhAva dikhAte hI haiN| ataH kisI ne kahA bhI hai 40 - binA vicAre jo kare, so pIche pachatAya / kAma bigAre Apano, jaga meM hota hasAya / / abhivyakti ke mithyA prayogoM se utpanna nakArAtmaka prabhAva isa prakAra haiM (1) zArIrika zakti kA hrAsa adhika bolanA, bArambAra bolanA, jora-jora se bolanA, cillA-cillAkara bolanA, bar3a-bar3a karanA ityAdi aisI kriyAe~ haiM, jinase zArIrika UrjA kA atyadhika hrAsa hotA hai / 317 (2) mAnasika kSobha vicAra aura vANI, bhAva aura bhASA evaM saMkalpa aura zabda kA paraspara gahana sambandha hai| yadi vyakti kI vANI meM karkazatA, kaThoratA, tIkhApana Adi tattva hote haiM, to ve abhivyakti ke pUrva meM bhI aura pazcAt bhI usakI mAnasika prasannatA ko bhaMga karate haiM / usakI saralatA, sahajatA, samatA, zAnti aura Ananda ke bhAvoM ko AghAta lagatA hai| nizcita hI vaha alpa yA adhika mAtrA meM nirAzA, kuNThA, tanAva, avasAda (Diprezana), udvega aura asahajatA kA zikAra ho jAtA hai, isIlie santa kabIra ko bhI kahanA par3A. -- (3) prANazakti kA adhika vyaya kalahakArI athavA vivAdajanaka vANI bolatA huA vyakti alpa yA adhika rUpa se mAnasika asantulana kA zikAra hue binA nahIM raha paataa| isase usake zvAsa kI gati asAmAnya aura aniyamita ho jAtI hai, jisakA duSprabhAva use svayaM hI bhugatanA par3atA hai| aisI vANI bolie, mana kA ApA khoya / aurana ko zItala kare, Apahu zItala hoya / / (4) zArIrika rogoM ko AmantraNa kalaha, vivAda Adi se ghirA vyakti apratyakSa rUpa se aneka zArIrika rogoM ko Amantrita karatA rahatA hai| aksara zArIrika UrjA kA apavyaya adhika hone se use zArIrika thakAna (Physical Fatigue) mahasUsa hotI rahatI hai| usakI pratirodhaka kSamatA (Immunity) kama ho jAtI hai / raktacApa evaM hRdaya gati asAmAnya ho jAtI | asaMyamita vANI vyavahAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa vividha antaHsrAvI adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 13
Page #396
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ granthiyoM se avAMchita rasAyanoM kA utsarjana (Unwanted Chemical Secretion from various glands) hotA hai aura rakta-kaNikAoM (Blood cells) para kuprabhAva bhI par3atA hai| (5) bhAvAtmaka kamajoriyoM kI abhivRddhi ativAcAlatA se vyakti kI cintAe~ anAvazyaka rUpa se bar3ha jAtI haiM, sAtha hI isase usakI anekAneka bhItarI zaktiyA~ niSkriya hone lagatI haiN| vyakti kI ekAgratA (Concentration). vicAra evaM cintana-manana kI kSamatA (Indepth Contemplation), nirNaya kSamatA (Decisiveness), smaraNa-zakti (Memory), AtmavizvAsa (Self confidence), nirbhIkatA (Fearlessness) ityAdi zaktiyoM kA kamajora honA vAcika kSamatA ke anAvazyaka prayoga kA hI duSpariNAma hai| (6) pArasparika sambandhoM ko AghAta jahA~ eka ora vANI kA samyak prayoga vyakti ko sabakA prItipAtra banA sakatA hai evaM nirAza mana ko umaMga aura ullAsa se bhara sakatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vANI kA mithyA prayoga pArasparika sambandhoM ko AghAta bhI pahu~cA sakatA hai| vANI ke duSprayoga se hI sAmAjika vighaTana bar3hatA hai| pArivArika kalaha kI mUla jar3a bhI yahI hai| pati-patnI, bhAI-bahana, pitA-putra , bhAI-bhAI, mA~-beTI, sAsa-bahU Adi koI bhI rizte-nAte kyoM na ho, vANI-vyavahAra ke girate stara se ina ghaniSTha aura pavitra sambandhoM meM dUriyA~ bar3hatI jAtI haiN| barasoM se sthApita sambandhoM kI imArateM kucha kSaNoM ke vAcika AdAna-pradAna se hI Dhaha jAtI haiN| kabhI-kabhI sunane vAle ko kucha zabda itane tIkSNa mahasUsa hote haiM ki vaha sabhI AtmIya sambandhoM ko bhUla kara paraspara vidveSa ke navIna sambandhoM kA nirmANa kara letA hai| yaha vidveSa kI gA~Tha jIvanaparyanta mana meM banI rahatI hai| isa prakAra, bujurga, yuvA aura bAlakoM ke bIca madhura-saMvAda kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, paraspara asaMvAda (Communication gap) kI khAI gaharAtI jAtI hai aura isase parivAra meM asamanvaya kI sthiti ubharatI hai| kula milAkara, kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAmAjika-vighaTana, saMyukta parivAroM kA bikharAva evaM ekAkI parivAroM meM dvandva kA mUla kAraNa samyak saMpreSaNa kA abhAva hI hai| (7) dhArmika evaM naitika saMskAroM ke stara meM girAvaTa vANI vyakti ke vyaktitva se jur3A huA tattva hai| prAyaH jaisA vaha socatA hai, vaisA bolatA hai aura jaisA bArambAra bolatA hai, vaisI hI usakI soca bana jAtI hai| yadi usakI vANI meM aziSTa aura asabhya zabdoM kA prayoga adhika hotA hai, to isakA prabhAva kahIM na kahIM usake saMskAroM ke patana kA kAraNa banatA hai| dhIre-dhIre usakA mela-jola, uThanA-baiThanA, khAnA-pInA Adi bhI apane samAna stara vAle logoM ke sAtha bar3hatA jAtA hai| vaha acche vicArakoM, buddhijIviyoM va satpurUSoM kI saMgati se dUra ho jAtA hai| yahA~ taka ki sajjana bhI aise vyakti se dUrI banAe rakhane meM apanI bhalAI samajhate haiN| 14 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 318 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #397
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (8) ekAkIpana ke kAraNa nirAzApUrNa sthiti jina vyaktiyoM meM vAgviveka nahIM hotA, ve aksara sAmAjika jIvana ke siddhAntoM se anabhijJa hote haiM athavA una siddhAntoM ko jAnakara bhI anadekhA kara dete haiN| phalataH ve apane galata vAgvyavahAra ke kAraNa pArasparika sambandhoM ko chinna-bhinna kara ekAkIpana se ghuTate rahate haiN| (9) karmabandhana kA hetu jainadarzana ke anusAra, mana, vANI aura deha - ina tInoM kI pravRtti ke kAraNa AtmA karmoM ke bandhana meM bandha jAtI hai| ataH vANI kA duSprayoga sirpha aihalaukika jIvana hI nahIM, apitu pAralaukika jIvana kA bhI vinAza karatA hai| asaMyamita vAgvyavahAra se pApa-karmoM kA saMcaya hotA hai, jinakA azubha-phala kAlAntara meM prApta hotA hai| jaina-purANoM meM aise kaI jIvana-caritra varNita haiM, jinameM azubha bhAvoM se prerita asaMyamita vANI vyavahAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti ko bhISaNa karmaphala kA bhugatAna karanA pdd'aa| jaise - zrIpAla mahArAjA ne pUrvajanma meM eka muni ko upahAsapUrvaka 'kor3hI' kahakara pukArA thA, jisase agale janma meM unheM kor3hI bananA par3A, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pUrva ke eka jIvana meM apane kula kA mada kiyA, pariNAmasvarUpa antima janma meM unheM sAmAnya kula meM garbhAvataraNa karanA par3A ityAdi / (10) dhvani pradUSaNa (Noise Pollution) Aja sampreSaNa-upakaraNoM, jaise - lAuDa spIkara, TI.vI., reDiyo, mobAIla Adi kA atiprayoga hone se dhvani pradUSaNa kI samasyA tIvra gati se bar3hatI hI jA rahI hai| isase kaI prakAra kI bImAriyA~, jaise - raktacApa, zravaNadoSa Adi ghara kara rahI haiM, sAtha hI aMtaraMga meM uttejanA, roSa , cir3acir3AhaTa evaM bhaya Adi se nakArAtmaka bhAvoM kI bhI abhivRddhi ho rahI hai| vANI ke durupayogoM aura tajjanya duSpariNAmoM kI uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki vANI vyakti ke vyaktitva kA atisaMvedanazIla pahalU hai| jahA~ eka ora yaha jIvana ko sajAne, sa~vArane aura samunnata banAne meM samartha hai, vahIM dUsarI ora jIvana ko avanati ke garta meM pahu~cAne meM bhI pUrNa sakSama hai| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki kevala eka anucita zabda ke kAraNa aneka logoM kA rakta bahA hai| kabhI-kabhI prabhAvI vaktA kA eka zabda bhI pUre samAja ko jhakajhora detA hai| jo vANI jIvana-yAtrA meM pragati karane kA sAdhana banatI hai, vahI jIvana-yAtrA meM avanati kA kAraNa bhI bana jAtI hai| aba yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama apane jIvana meM abhivyakti-kauzala kA vikAsa kareM, jisase abhivyakti ke nakArAtmaka prayogoM se bacAva aura sakArAtmaka prayogoM kI abhivRddhi ho ske| yahI vANI-prabandhana hai aura isakI carcA jainaAcArazAstroM ke AdhAra para Age kI jA rahI hai| =====4 6 ===== 319 adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana 15 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #398
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM bhASika-abhivyakti kA prabandhana bhASika-abhivyakti kI viziSTa kSamatA ko prApta pratyeka vyakti kA yaha karttavya hai ki isa kSamatA kA santulita, samanvita aura suvyavasthita prayoga kre| vaha jahA~ taka ho sake vANI kA sakArAtmaka prayoga kare, nakArAtmaka nhiiN| vANI ke samyak prayoga karane kI isa kalA ko hI hama vANI-kauzala athavA vANI-prabandhana athavA abhivyakti-prabandhana kaha sakate haiN| ___ Adhunika yuga meM isa viSaya kI upAdeyatA evaM lokapriyatA meM nirantara vRddhi ho rahI hai, kintu isameM AdhyAtmika sUtroM kA pUrNa abhAva hai| isIlie abhivyakti-prabandhana kI jo vyAkhyAe~ Aja jagat meM kI jA rahI haiM, unakA uddezya kevala bAharI jagat meM sUcanAtmaka-jJAna (Informative Knowledge) kA AdAna-pradAna karane kI kalA athavA vaktRtva-kalA ke mAdhyama se zrotAoM (Audiance) ko rijhAnA hai| ise hI Aja vyaktitva vikAsa kA mApadaNDa bhI mAnA jA rahA hai, jo eka bar3I bhUla hai| AdhyAtmika-darzanoM vizeSatayA jainadarzana meM vANI-prabandhana kA uddezya vANI-viveka kA vikAsa karanA hai| isase vyakti ke bhItara yaha viveka vikasita ho jAtA hai ki 'maiM kyA bolU~, kisase bolU~, kitanA bolU~, kyoM bolU~, kaba bolU~, kisa taraha se bolU~' ityaadi| vaha yaha vizeSa dhyAna rakhatA hai ki 'maiM apanI bhAvAbhivyakti isa prakAra se karU~ ki maiM bhI duHkhI na rahU~ aura dUsaroM ko bhI duHkha na phuNce|' satyatA aura syAdvAda para AdhArita yaha vANI-prabandhana vANI kA eka viziSTa prayoga hai, jisase hamArA jIvana nirvAha evaM jIvana-nirmANa donoM ho sakatA hai| 6.6.1 abhivyakti meM syAdvAdatA (sApekSatA) bhagavAn mahAvIra ekAntavAda (Onesidedness) yA Agraha buddhi ke pakSa meM kabhI nahIM rhe| unhoMne na 'mauna' kA pakSa liyA aura na hI 'ativAcAlatA' kaa| unhoMne hamezA deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke AdhAra para vicAra karake vAgnirNaya karane ke lie kahA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki vyakti jo kucha bole, pahale vicAre phira bole| pratyeka sAdhaka ke lie jIvana meM do karttavya hote haiM - samparka (pravRtti) aura sAdhanA (nivRtti)| samparka ke lie bhASA kA prayoga karanA hotA hai, jabaki sAdhanA ke lie bhASA kA nirodh|" use apanI bhUmikAnusAra ina donoM pakSoM kA samanvaya karanA Avazyaka hai| haThAgrahI hokara na mauna dhAraNa karanA aura na vyartha baka-baka krnaa| vAstava meM vANI kA saMyama vaha hai, jisameM vANI kA samyak prayoga ho, na ki mithyA pryog| isa prakAra, hamArI vANI meM sApekSatA avazya honI cAhie aura yahI abhivyakti-prabandhana hai| 16 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 320 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #399
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.6.2 vANI ke sAtha vicAroM kA samyak saMyama bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa ArAdhanA kA trikoNa hai - manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti / isa trikoNa meM se kisI ko bhI chor3A nahIM jA sktaa| inameM se eka ko bhI nahIM sAdhA, to ArAdhanA saphala nahIM ho sakatI / yadi koI vacana - saMyama athavA kAya - saMyama rakhanA cAhe, lekina manaH- saMyama na rakhe, to ukta donoM prakAra kA saMyama bhI sambhava nahIM hogaa| 48 vANI kA AdhAra bhAva hai aura bhAva kA AdhAra vicAra hai, ataH vANI - prabandhana ke lie vyakti ko apane vicAroM aura bhAvanAoM ko santulita aura saMyamita rakhanA anivArya hai| jaba taka vaha apane AvegoM aura AvezoM ko niyantrita nahIM karegA, taba taka bhItara ke nakArAtmaka vicAroM kA pravAha usakI vAcika evaM kAyika abhivyaktiyoM ko samyak dizA meM ArUr3ha nahIM hone degaa| ataH vANI - prabandhana ke lie vicAra-prabandhana (Thought Management) Avazyaka hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM isIlie krodha, mAna, mAyA Adi nakArAtmaka bhAvoM se utprerita yA niHsRta bhASika abhivyaktiyoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| vyavahArabhASya meM ucita hI kahA hai pahale buddhi se parakha kara, phira bolanA caahie| aMdhA vyakti jisa prakAra patha-pradarzaka kI apekSA rakhatA hai, usI prakAra vANI bhI buddhi arthAt samyak vicAroM kI apekSA rakhatI hai 150 49 6.6.3 bhASA - samiti jIvana ke anekAneka prasaMgoM meM mAtra mauna raha jAne se hI samAdhAna nahIM nikalatA, vahA~ para bolanA bhI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai, kintu jahA~ bolanA Avazyaka lage, vahA~ bhI kisa prakAra se abhivyakti karanA, isa bAta ko samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| ise jainadarzana meM 'bhASA - samiti' ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai| bhASA samiti kA Azaya hemacandrAcArya ke yogazAstra ke dvArA spaSTa hotA hai arthAt 'doSoM se rahita, sabhI jIvoM ke lie hitakArI, priyakArI aura pramANopeta bolanA hI bhASA-samiti kahalAtI hai|' dUsare zabdoM meM, hita, mita, priya evaM niravadya ( nirdoSa) vacanoM kA prayoga karanA hI bhASA - samiti hai / saMkSepa meM bhASA - samiti kA artha hai - 'sImA yA maryAdA meM bolanA' / avadyatyAgataH sArvajanInaM mita-bhASaNam / priyA vAcaMyamAnAM sA bhASAsamitirucyate / / isa prakAra, Avazyaka bAteM bolanA aura anAvazyaka bAteM nahIM bolanA hI bhASA samiti kA uddezya hai| yaha hameM abhASaka nahIM, alpabhASaka banane kI preraNA detI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki bolane kI bhI apanI sImA honI cAhie, jisakA ullaMghana karane se vANI ke duSpariNAma prakaTa hone lagate haiN| Age, jainaAcArazAstroM ke anusAra hita - mita- priya evaM niravadya vacanoM kI carcA kI jA rahI hai / adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana 321 For Personal & Private Use Only 17
Page #400
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (1) priya vacana madhura vacana eka prakAra kA vazIkaraNa maMtra hai| jo madhura bolatA hai, vaha sahaja hI sabakA priya bana jAtA hai| kisI kavi ne kahA bhI hai 52 arthAt sabhI manuSya priya vacana se santuSTa rahate haiM, to phira madhura vacana bolane meM daridratA kyoM kI jAe ? prasiddha ukti hai priya-vAkya-pradAnena, sarve tuSyanti mAnavAH / tasmAt tadeva vaktavyaM, vacane kA daridratA ? arthAt na kauA kisI kA dhana haratA hai aura na koyala kisI ko dhana detI hai, phira bhI koyala madhura bolakara sabako apanI ora AkarSita karatI hai aura sabakI pyArI bana jAtI hai, kintu raMga-rUpa meM samAna hone para bhI kauA kA~va-kA~va karake tiraskRta hotA hai / isa prakAra yadi hama AkRti se sundara na bhI haiM, to bhI hama apanI vANI kI miThAsa se sundara bana sakate haiM / 'bolo' zabda kA kisI ne artha kiyA hai bo + lo yAni 'bo' kara 'lo' (Sow and Reap ) / yadi hama zreSTha aura mIThe phala prApta karanA cAhate haiM, to hameM sadA mIThe vacanoM ke hI bIja bone cAhie / kaTu vacanoM kA prayoga karane para kaTu phala hI mileMge, mIThe phala nahIM / kAga kAko dhana hare, koyala kAko deya / mIThI vANI bolake, jaga apano kara leya / laukika kahAvata bhI hai ki 'gur3a na do to calegA, lekina gur3a jaisA mIThA avazya bolo' / kintu kaI bAra hamAre zabda talavAra kI dhAra se bhI adhika tIkSNa hote haiN| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM sAdhaka ko sAvaceta karate hue kahA gayA hai| 'vAyA duruttANi duruddharANi, verANubandhINI mahabbhayANi ' arthAt vANI ke dvArA kahe gae duSTa aura kaThora vacana dIrghakAla ke lie vaira aura bhaya ke kAraNa bana jAte haiN| 54 ataH vANI kA prayoga samyaktayA vicArakara hI karanA cAhie / AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI isI kI puSTi karate hue kahA gayA hai 'no vayaNaM pharusaM vaijjA' arthAt kaTuvacanoM kA prayoga kadApi na kro| " sUtrakRtAMga meM isake bhayAvaha pariNAmoM ke bAre meM kahA gayA 'jo paribhavai paraM jaNaM, saMsAre paribhamai mahaM' arthAt jo bAta-bAta meM dUsaroM ko kaTu sunAte haiM, tiraskRta karate haiM evaM zoSita karate haiM, ve karmabandhana ke phalasvarUpa dIrghakAla taka isa saMsAra aTavI meM bhaTakate hI rahate haiN|" ataH hameM kaTuka, kaThora evaM karkaza vANI kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie / 55 18 - 57 duniyA meM alaga-alaga taraha ke loga haiN| koI mIThA bolate haiM, to koI kar3avA / koI kar3avA saca kahakara spaSTavAdI hone kA dambha bharate haiM, kintu yaha unakA jhUThA ahaMkAra hI hotA hai, 7 jabaki vAstavikatA meM jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 1 For Personal & Private Use Only 322
Page #401
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAt, mA brUyAt satyamapriyam / priyaM ca nAnRtaM brUyAdeSa dharma sanAtanaH / / arthAt vyakti ko sirpha satya hI nahIM bolanA cAhie, balki aisA satya bolanA cAhie, jo priyakArI bhI ho|58 adhikAMza samasyAoM kI zuruAta vANI kI aziSTatA aura abhadratA se hI hotI hai| vyakti jitanA karake nahIM bigAr3atA hai, usase jyAdA bolakara bigAr3atA hai| vRMdasatasaI meM kahA bhI hai - bAta kahana kI rIti meM, hai antara adhikAya / ___ eka vacana tai rIsa bar3e, eka vacana tai jAya / / arthAt kisI eka tarIke se kahe gae vacana se jahA~ AtmIyatA aura prema bar3hatA hai, vahIM kisI anya tarIke se kahe gae vacana se paraspara roSa evaM dUriyA~ bar3hatI haiN| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie oche , abhadra , asabhya, abhizapta evaM aziSTa zabdoM ke prayoga kA dRr3hatA se niSedha kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA bhI gayA hai - 'tumaM tumanti amaNunnaM, savvaso taM na vattae' arthAt tU-tU jaise abhadra zabda kabhI nahIM kahanA caahie| __ ziSTa vyakti aura ziSTa samAja kI bhASA meM vANI kA viveka hotA hai| usameM apazabdoM kI bauchAra nahIM hotii| kucha vyakti jaba Akroza meM rahate haiM, to gAliyoM kI bauchAra kara dete haiN| gAliyoM kA eka choTA sA zabdakoza bana jAtA hai| isase viparIta kucha loga mIThI aura bhadra bhASA kA hI prayoga karate haiN| A. mahAprajJajI ne isIlie kahA hai - 'kaSAya kI chalanI se chanakara jo bhASA bolI jAtI hai, vaha nahIM bolanI cAhie, kaSAyamukta bhASA hI bolanI caahie| yaha jJAtavya hai ki sabhI bhASAoM meM AdarasUcaka ziSTa zabdoM kA prayoga karane kI suvidhA hotI hai, ataH hameM tiraskAra rUpa anAdarasUcaka zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM karanA caahie| viparIta evaM pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI vANI kI madhuratA, komalatA evaM saumyatA pratirodhI ke samakSa viziSTa prabhAva chor3atI hai| ataH kahA gayA hai - ati vA dAMstitikSeta nAvamanyeta kNcn| na cemaM dehamAzritya vaivaM kurvIta kenacit / / kisI ke dvArA kahI gaI kaTu-kaThora vANI ko sahana karanA cAhie, kisI kA apamAna nahIM karanA cAhie aura isa zarIra se kisI ke sAtha zatrutA nahIM karanI caahie| yahA~ taka ki kruddha vyakti ke prati bhI krodha nahIM karanA cAhie tathA nindita hone para bhI nindaka ke prati madhuravANI kA hI prayoga karanA caahie| acchI madhura bhASA to vyaktitva kI viziSTatA kI hI paricAyaka hai| prasiddha kahAvata bhI hai - 323 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana 19 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #402
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bolyA ke lAdhyA / vyakti kaisA hai, yaha jAnane ke lie bahuta gaharAI meM jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, usase pA~ca minaTa bAta karane para sahaja hI patA cala jAtA hai 64 yahA~ para madhura vANI kA prayoga cApalUsI, ThagI, mAyAcArI Adi duSkAryoM ke lie karanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM galata abhiprAya vAle logoM ke sandarbha meM spaSTa kahA hai ki jinakA hRdaya to kaluSita aura dambhayukta hai, kintu vANI se mIThA bolate haiM, ve manuSya viSa ke ghar3e para madhu ke Dhakkana ke samAna haiN| Aja adhikAMza loga, jinakI vANI meM saralatA, sarasatA aura sumadhuratA kA pradarzana hai, maukAparasta aura svArthI haiN| inake vicAra, vANI aura vyavahAra meM ekarUpatA nahIM hotI hai| 65 66 vastutaH, hamArI jIvanazailI madhu ke ghar3e para madhu ke Dhakkana ke samAna honI cAhie / hamArA antarhRdaya niSpApa evaM nirmala ho aura vANI meM madhuratA hoM, yahI jainAcAryoM ko abhISTa hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai| sAdhaka na to kisI kA tiraskAra karate hue tuccha aura halkI bhASA kA prayoga kare aura na hI kisI kI jhUThI prazaMsA kre| 67 Azaya yaha hai ki na to kaTu zabda kahe aura na hI dikhAvaTI madhuratA jatAe / - bhale hI vyakti prakANDa vidvAn hI kyoM na ho athavA kisI viSaya kA kitanA hI marmajJa bhI kyoM na ho, lekina usakI vANI meM alpajJoM aura mUrkhoM ke prati bhI upahAsa, vyaMgya aura kaTutA kI abhivyakti nahIM honI caahie| bRhadkalpabhASya meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai, "jisa prakAra jaharIle kA~ToM vAlI latA se lipaTA hone para amRta-vRkSa kA koI Azraya nahIM letA, usI prakAra dUsaroM kA tiraskAra karane evaM durvacana kahane vAle vidvAnoM ko bhI koI sammAna nahIM detA / ' ,,68 sAra rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki madhura vANI vyakti ke vyaktitva kA AbhUSaNa hai| yaha jIvana ke saundarya ko nikhAra detI hai| isase vyaktitva kI kaI prakAra kI kamiyA~ svataH Dha~ka jAtI haiN| yaha jakhmI diloM ke lie marahama-paTTI kA kArya karatI hai| jisakI vANI meM dUsaroM ke lie Adara hai, prazaMsA hai aura namratA hai, vaha sahaja hI dUsaroM ke diloM para rAja karatA hai| RSibhASita meM bhI kahA gayA hai - jo sadA suvacana bolatA hai, vaha samaya para barasane vAle megha kI taraha sadA prazaMsanIya aura janapriya hotA hai| 70 (2) hita vacana priya vacanoM ke sAtha-sAtha hita vacanoM kA samAveza karanA bhI atyAvazyaka hai| koI vacana priya to hai, kintu hitakara nahIM hai, to una priya vacanoM se bhI koI lAbha nahIM hai / dazavaikAlikasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai ki buddhimAnoM ko aisI bhASA hI bolanI cAhie, jo priyakArI bhI ho aura hitakArI bhI / 71 Aja viDambanA yaha hai ki vyakti ke vacanoM meM maukAparastI, cApalUsI, svArthaparakatA aura zaThatA ke bhAva vidyamAna haiM aura yaha eka sAmAnya sAmAjika vyavahAra banatA jA rahA hai| kaI logoM ke bAre meM jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 20 324 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #403
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kahA jAtA hai| 'madhu tiSThati jihvAgre, hRdaye tu halAhalam " 2 arthAt unakI jIbha para to zahada - hotA hai, kintu mana meM jahara / Azaya yaha hai ki ve mIThA bolakara apanA ullU sIdhA karate rahate haiM / kintu jainAcAryoM ne isa vRtti kA pUrNa niSedha kiyA hai| vyakti kI abhivyakti aisI honI cAhie, jisase sabakA hita sadhe / uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa kahA hai ki hameM sadaiva hitakArI vacana hI bolanA caahie| 73 vANI meM hiMsaka zabdoM kA prayoga honA isa bAta ko iMgita karatA hai ki hamArI vANI dUsaroM ke lie hitakara nahIM hai| jaina - paramparA meM vANI kI ahiMsakatA para vizeSa bala diyA hai| Aja bhI jaina upAsaka phalAdi ke lie 'kATo', 'chilo' yA 'vidAraNa karo' jaise ahitakara zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM karate hue 'sudhAro' zabda kA prayoga hI karate haiN| 'he bahu! Apa sabjI sudhAra lo, jaise vAkya dUsare prANiyoM kI hiMsA ke prati hamAre hRdaya kI komalatA aura sahAnubhUti ke paricAyaka haiN| isI prakAra 'saphAI karo', 'pauMchA lagA do' Adi ke sthAna para 'pramArjana kara do, jaise vAkyAMzoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, jo punaH anya jIvanarUpoM ke prati hitakArI bhAvoM kI abhivyakti kA eka rUpa hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki baMgAlI nAriyA~ bhI AMgana kI saphAI ke lie kahatI hai 'Ami poriSkRta karabe' / isI prakAra jaina-saMskRti meM 'upayoga rakho', 'jayaNA karo' Adi vAkyAMza bhI hitakara bhASA ke udAharaNa haiM / yadi pitA kahate haiM 'he putra ! khir3akI kI jayaNA karo', to isakA artha yaha huA ki 'he putra ! kisI jIva kI hiMsA na ho, isa prakAra se vivekapUrvaka khir3akI banda kara do|' itanA artha - gAmbhIrya 'he putra ! khir3akI banda kara do, jaise vAkya meM nahIM jhalakatA / ataH kahanA hogA ki jainAcAryoM ne hitakara vacanoM ke prayoga para vizeSa jora diyA hai| inakA jIvana meM anupAlana karanA pratyeka jIvana- prabandhaka kA anivArya karttavya hai / ziSTa, saumya evaM prasannacitta rahanA to ucita hai, kintu hAsya, vyaMgya evaM majAka ur3AnA ghora anucita kArya hai| isase zatru to mitra nahIM banate, kintu mitra ko zatru banate dera nahIM lgtii| 'seMsa oNpha hyUmara' honA (prasaMgAnukUla sabhya vinoda karanA athavA kisI ke vinoda ko samajhanA) alaga bAta hai aura kisI kI ha~sI ur3AnA alaga bAta hai| 74 draupadI ke ye vacana ki 'andhe ke putra andhe hI hote haiM', mahAbhArata ke yuddha kA pramukha kAraNa bnaa| ataH aisI ahitakara vANI kA prayoga bhI kyoM karanA ? viMTaginsaTAina kahate haiM "There are remarks that sow and remarks that reap" arthAt 'TippaNiyA~ hI botI haiM arthAt jor3atI haiM aura TippaNiyA~ hI kATatI haiN| 75 sUtrakRtAMga meM isIlie sAvaceta kiyA gayA hai 'NAtivelaM hase' arthAt asamaya meM nahIM ha~sanA caahie| 76 yaha buddhimAn purUSoM kI viziSTa pahacAna hotI hai ki ve kisI kA bhI upahAsa nahIM krte|" jainAcAryoM ke anusAra to hAsya karanA, manoraMjana karanA, makhaula ur3AnA, gappebAjI karanA, cuTakule sunAnA Adi aise kArya haiM, jo dUsaroM ko nirAza karate haiM aura svayaM ke karmabandhana ke kAraNa bhI hote haiN| ataH inheM kASAyika vRtti evaM sva-para ahitakArI kArya jAnakara nahIM karanA cAhie / 325 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana - - For Personal & Private Use Only 21
Page #404
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nindA karanA, jhUThA doSAropaNa karanA, kAna bharanA, kalaha karanA Adi vacanoM ke prayoga bhI sva aura para ke lie ahitakara haiM, inakA bhI jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa niSedha kiyA hai| nindA (para-parivAda) karane se samaya aura sAmarthya kA durupayoga to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI hama vicAroM ke jAla meM pha~sate cale jAte haiN| hamAre niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM, jaise - krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ityAdi aura adhika gAr3ha ho jAte haiN| inase hamArA citta azAnta, asthira aura adhIra ho uThatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vartamAna meM azAnti ke sAtha-sAtha hama bhaviSya ke lie duHkhadAyI pApa karmoM kA saMcaya bhI kara baiThate haiN| jisakI nindA kI jAtI hai, usakA kArya bhale hI nindanIya ho, lekina nindA karanA svayameva nindanIya kRtya hai| yaha hamArI durbalatA evaM hInabhAvanA kA paricAyaka hai| isameM kahIM na kahIM Atma-prazaMsA ke bhAva bhI nihita hote haiN| praznavyAkaraNasatra meM nindA ko asatya ke samakakSa batAyA gayA hai| satrakatAMgasatra meM spaSTa kahA hai ki 'he jIva! dUsaroM kI nindA karanA kisI bhI dRSTi se hitakara nahIM hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - "jo dUsaroM kI nindA karake apane ko guNavAn sthApita karanA cAhatA hai, vaha vyakti dUsaroM ko kar3avI auSadhi pilAkara svayaM nirogI hone kI icchA rakhatA hai, jo asambhava hai| 80 sAra rUpa meM kahanA hogA ki nindA karanA ahitakara hai, duSkRtya hai, ataH nindA nahIM karanI caahie| ___ abhyAkhyAna arthAt jhUThA doSAropaNa karanA bhI ahitakara bhASA kA hI eka rUpa hai| isameM apane doSoM ko chipAne ke bhAva aura dUsaroM ke apalAbha evaM apamAna karane ke bhAvoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jaba bhAvoM meM kaThoratA aura kaTilatA hotI hai, taba abhivyakti meM zikAyata aura doSAropaNa kI vRtti prakhara ho uThatI hai| jainAcAryoM ne ise 'abhyAkhyAna' kahA hai aura isako adharma evaM akaraNIya kAryoM ke antargata zAmila kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM sabhya, ziSTa aura suzikSitoM ke lie kahA gayA hai ki ve kisI para doSAropaNa nahIM krte| yahA~ taka ki matabheda hone para bhI parokSa rUpa se dUsaroM kI bhalAI kI hI bAta karate haiN| vastutaH yahI sakArAtmaka paddhati hai, isase matabhinnatA bhI mataikatA meM badala jAtI hai aura citta meM vyagratA ke sthAna para zAnti chA jAtI hai| jainAcAryoM ne paizunya arthAt cugalakhorI karane kI vRtti ko bhI ahitakara evaM anucita kahA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai - 'jaM channaM taM na vattavvaM' arthAt kisI kI bhI gupta bAta ko prakaTa nahIM karanA caahie|2 Ajakala dUsaroM kI gupta arthAt rahasyamaya bAtoM ko ujAgara karane kI vRtti bar3hatI jA rahI hai| sAtha hI zrotA ko bhI aisI bAteM sunane meM rasa AtA hai| vyAvahArika jIvana meM vyakti ko nindA, AlocanA aura apayaza kA bhaya rahatA hai, isase bacane ke lie vaha apanI gupta bAteM chipAkara rakhane kA prayAsa karatA hai| yaha jarurI nahIM ki ye gupta bAteM hamezA bar3e durAcAroM kI hI dyotaka hoM, apitu kaI bAra yaha khAne-pIne, sone-uThane yA ghUmane-phirane Adi kI kisI vicitra Adata se sambandhita bhI hotI haiN| cU~ki vyakti apanI chavi kharAba nahIM karanA cAhatA, ataH vaha apanI yA apane parivAra kI yA apane kuTumba kI kitanI hI bAtoM ko chipAtA hai| parantu eka kA chipAyA huA satya, dUsarA jAna hI na sake, aisA sambhava nahIM hai| jAne-anajAne meM dUsaroM kI najara usa para par3a hI jAtI 22 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 326 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #405
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai aura bheda khula jAtA hai| kaI bAra to vyakti ke hAva-bhAva evaM vyavahAra se bhI yaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai| bahuta-sI bAra dUsaroM se sahAnubhUti yA madada prApta karane ke lie bhI vyakti apanI gupta bAteM dUsaroM ke samakSa prakaTa karatA hai| aisI dazA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA spaSTa nirdeza hai ki aisI gopanIya bAteM dUsaroM ko kahakara sujJa vyaktiyoM ko kAna bharane kA pApa nahIM karanA caahie| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM to yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA hai ki pITha pIche kisI kI burAI karanA pITha kA mAMsa noMcane ke samAna hai|84 anyatra bhI samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai ki 'kAnoM se bahuta-sI bAteM sunane ko aura A~khoM se bahuta-sI bAteM dekhane ko milatI haiM, kintu dekhI-sunI sabhI bAteM logoM ko kahanA kataI ucita nahIM hai| 85 Aja pArasparika kalaha kI vRtti bhI eka cintanIya viSaya hai| do yA adhika vyaktiyoM kI matabhinnatA jaba apanI sImA kA ullaMghana kara detI hai, to paraspara aziSTa, asabhya evaM abhizapta vacanoM kA AdAna-pradAna prArambha ho jAtA hai| yaha vAcika AdAna-pradAna hI 'kalaha' kahalAtA hai| Aja parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura vizva meM sarvatra hI kalaha kA vAtAvaraNa chAyA rahatA hai| prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki thor3e samaya kA kalaha bhI lambe samaya taka vyakti, parivAra aura samAja ke bhAvAtmaka vAyumaNDala ko viSAkta banA detA hai| isase vyakti kabhI-kabhI mAnasika aura zArIrika rogoM se grasta bhI ho jAtA hai| sambandhoM kA viccheda aura saMgaThanoM kA vighaTana honA, inhIM kalahoM kA duSpariNAma hai| Aja parivAra bikhara rahA hai, samAja TUTa rahA hai aura deza vibhakta ho rahA hai - isakA prArambhika bindu pArasparika kalaha hI hai| kintu jainadRSTi se yaha kalahakArI pravRtti bhI niSiddha hai| jainAcAryoM ne ise sva-para donoM ke lie ahitakara mAnA hai| jainAcAryoM ne isakA sarala, saTIka aura samucita samAdhAna bhI diyA hai aura yaha hai - matAgrahI, kadAgrahI aura durAgrahI vRtti kA tyAga krnaa| 'merA mata hI saccA hai, zeSa saba mithyA hai' - yaha ahaMkArayukta soca kalahotpAdaka hai, tyAjya hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM spaSTa kahA hai - 'jo apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM ke mata kI nindA karane meM hI apanA pANDitya dikhAte haiM, ve durAgrahI saMsAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| yadi vyakti syAdvAda kA Azraya lekara paraspara bole, to kalaha utpanna hI nahIM hogaa| vahA~ vivAda nahIM, balki svastha saMvAda hogA, kalaha nahIM, balki atulanIya prema hogA evaM khinnatA nahIM, balki apUrva prasannatA chA - jaaegii| isake lie Avazyaka hai ki hama eka-dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko samajheM aura sadA syAdvAda se yukta vacanoM kA hI prayoga kreN| sUtrakRtAMga meM buddhimAn vyakti kI viziSTatA darzAte hue kahA gayA hai ki 'vaha kabhI kisI se kalaha nahIM karatA, kyoMki kalaha se bahuta hAni hotI hai| ataH vAcika-vivAda se bacanA caahie| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki 'kucha loga mAmUlI kahA-sunI hone para kSubdha ho jAte haiM',89 parantu yaha ucita nahIM hai| vastutaH, yaha zakya nahIM hai ki hama kAnoM meM par3ane vAle acche yA bure zabda sune hI nahIM, ataH hameM cAhie ki hama zabdoM kA nahIM, apitu zabdoM ke pratikAra yA pratizodha rupa meM janma lene vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga kara deN| durvacana sunane para bhI hama na jaleM arthAt krodha na kreN|" hameM dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki hama vigraha 327 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #406
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bar3hAne vAlI bAteM nahIM kreN| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - 'sajjana purUSa, durjanoM ke niSThura aura kaThora vacanoM ko bhI samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kara lete haiN| yahI kalaha rUpI agni ko bujhAne kA ekamAtra upAya hai| 93 sAra rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti ko sva-para hitakArI vacanoM kA hI prayoga karanA caahie| (3) mita vacana jo bolane kI kalA nahIM jAnatA, vaha jIvana ke kisI bhI kSetra meM saphalatA prApta nahIM kara sktaa| bolane kI kalA kA hI eka mahattvapUrNa pahalU hai - mita vacana arthAt kama bolnaa| jo yogya vyakti hote haiM, ve prAyaH kama, lekina samucita bolate haiM, jabaki ajJa aura mUrkhajana adhika aura arthahIna bolate haiN| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'vidyAvihInAH bahubhASakAH syuH| 94 vyakti ke pAsa sunane ke lie do kAna aura bolane ke lie eka hI jIbha hai| isakA saMketa yahI hai ki suno jyAdA aura bolo km| vastutaH, mukharatA AdamI ko choTA banA detI hai| yaha usakI samajhadArI kI nahIM, apitu nAsamajhI kI paricAyaka hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki 'moharie saccavayaNassa palimanthU' arthAt mukharatA se satya kA hI vinAza ho jAtA hai|96 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai - 'niruddhagaM vAvi na dIhaijjA' arthAt thor3e meM kahI jAne yogya bAta ko vyartha hI lambI na kreN| mita bhASaNa mAnava kA mahAn guNa hai| jaba kAma kI bAta kama zabdoM meM hI kahI jA sakatI hai, to bahumUlya zabda-sampadA ko vyartha kI bAtoM meM khone se kyA phAyadA? meDIkala parIkSaNa karane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki bolane kI kriyA meM zArIrika UrjA kA bar3I mAtrA meM vyaya ho jAtA hai| AvazyakatA se adhika bolane se bauddhika UrjA kA bhI hrAsa hotA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - jisa prakAra ghanI pattiyoM vAle per3a meM phala kama lagate haiM, usI prakAra adhika bakavAsa karane vAle meM buddhi kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| ataH sUtrakRtAMga kA yaha kathana sArthaka siddha hotA hai ki vyakti ko maryAdA se adhika nahIM bolanA caahie| mitabhASitA eka mahAn kalA hai, kyoMki adhika bolanA mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiM, mahattvapUrNa hai - sAragarbhita bolnaa| abrAhama liMkana kA eka prasaMga prasiddha hai| kisI ne unase pUchA - "Apa itanA acchA bhASaNa dete haiM, isake lie kitanI taiyArI karate haiM?" liMkana ne kahA - "yaha bhASaNa para nirbhara hai| yadi paMdraha minaTa bolanA hai, to do dina cAhie aura yadi pA~ca minaTa bolanA hai, to usake lie lambI taiyArI caahie| yadi do ghaNTe bolanA ho, to abhI bola sakatA hU~, usake lie koI taiyArI nahIM caahie|" kama bolane arthAt sArabhUta aura tathyaparaka bolane ke lie gaharI vicAraNA apekSita hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM isIlie sAragarbhita nirdeza diyA gayA hai100 - 'aNuviyi viyAgare' arthAt jo kucha jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 328 24 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #407
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ boleM, pahale vicAreM, phira boleM (Think before you speak) / vastutaH, sArabhUta bAta ko saMkSepa meM kahane ke lie sAre kacare haTAkara hIrA cunanA hotA hai| 101 mitabhASI hone se vyakti ucita samaya para ucita kArya kA niSpAdana kara sakatA hai, kintu jo vyakti bahuta bAtUnI hote haiM, ve hara samaya, hara jagaha aura hara prasaMga meM bhASA ke pudgaloM ko bikherate hI rahate haiN| sArthaka-nirarthaka kA unheM bhAna taka nahIM rahatA aura isase unakA koI bhI kArya samayAnusAra sampAdita nahIM ho paataa| AcArya tulasI ne saMskAra bodha meM kahA bhI hai 102 vyartha bAta meM kyoM kabhI, kareM samaya bAterI kI bigar3atI, rakheM sUtra yaha vAcAla vyakti prArambha meM acche saMgI-sAthI ekatra to kara letA hai aura jahA~-tahA~ khUba prazaMsA bhI prApta kara letA hai, lekina samaya ke sAtha-sAtha usake saMgI-sAthI use samajha jAte haiM, taba ve jarurata aura svArtha kI pUrti hetu usake sAtha rahate haiM aura phira dUra cale jAte haiN| vAcAla vyaktiyoM kI samAja meM dazA kA vyaMgyAtmaka citraNa karate hue eka cInI lekhaka cuAMgatse ne kahA hai ki "A dog is not considered a good dog, because he is a good barker" arthAt eka kutte ko isIlie acchA nahIM mAnA jAtA, kyoMki vaha bahuta acchA bhauMkatA hai| 103 kabhI-kabhI to vyakti ko apanI vAcAlatA svayaM para hI bhArI par3atI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vAcAlatA ke dayanIya pariNAma ke lie spaSTa kahA hai "jisa prakAra sar3e hue kAnoM vAlI kutiyA jahA~ bhI jAtI hai, dutkAra dI jAtI hai, usI prakAra zIlarahita, zarAratI aura vAcAla vyakti bhI sarvatra dhakke dekara nikAla diyA jAtA hai / " " 104 jainAgamoM kI bhASA sarala - sarasa hote hue bhI parimita hai| inameM anAvazyaka zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM miltaa| yaha jainAcAryoM ke mitabhASI guNa kA utkRSTa pratimAna hai| prAcIna kAla se bhAratIya saMskRti meM sUtrabaddha racanAoM kI paramparA rahI hai| sUtra kA lakSaNa batAte hue AcAryoM ne kahA hai 105 329 barabAda / yAda / / arthAt jo kama se kama akSara vAle hoM, spaSTa hoM, sArabhUta hoM, sArvabhaumika satya hoM, nirvivAda hoM aura anindanIya hoM, unheM hI jJAnI 'sUtra' kahate haiN| saMskRta vaiyAkaraNoM ke lie prasiddha hai ki ve apanI racanAoM meM se eka bhI anAvazyaka akSara ko nikAlane saphala hote, to putrajanmotsava jaise Anandita hote the| Aja bhI isI zailI kI AvazyakatA hai, kintu isake lie hameM phAlatU zabdoM ke prayogoM se bacanA hogaa| isa hetu Age kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM 106 alpAkSaramasandigdhaM, sAravat vizvatomukham / astobha - manavadyaM ca sUtraM sUtravido viduH / / 2 adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 25
Page #408
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ azuddha prayoga zuddha prayoga(mita bhASA) spaSTIkaraNa jaise ki mAna lo.... 'jaise' yA 'mAna' lo.... donoM meM se kisI eka kA prayoga paryApta hai| vApasa se... vApasa... 'se' vyartha hai| A~khoM se A~sU baha nikale ... A~sU baha nikale A~sU sadaiva A~khoM se hI nikalate haiN| last corner 'kArnara' hamezA 'lAsTa' meM hI hotA hai| AkhirI end AkhirI yA end donoM kA artha eka hI hai| corner uttarAdhyayana meM isIlie saMkSepa meM hita zikSA dI gaI hai ki 'bahuyaM mA ya Alave' arthAt jitanI AvazyakatA ho utanA hI bolanA cAhie, adhika nhiiN|' mitabhASitA ke lie sabase bar3I bAdhA hai - vikthaa| aksara jaba hama kisI se milate haiM, to kucha aupacArika bAteM karane ke pazcAt kisI anAvazyaka viSaya kI carcA cher3a dete haiN| phira to patA hI nahIM calatA ki samaya kahA~ nikala gyaa| ina viSayoM ko jainAcAryoM ne 'vikathA' kahA hai| inameM anurakta honA 'pramAda' hai| sAdhaka inase virakta hone kA prayAsa karatA hai| A. bhadrabAhu ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki jo saMyamI hote hue bhI pramAdI hai, vaha jo bhI kathA karatA hai, use 'vikathA' hI mAnanI caahie|108 vyakti ko ina vikathAoM ko bolane evaM sunane meM apane kImatI samaya evaM zakti kA apavyaya nahIM karanA caahie| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, 'yadi hameM vArtA karanI hI hai, to dharmakathA hI karanI cAhie, kyoMki ye dharmakathAe~ hamAre jIvana-prabandhana kA pAtheya hotI haiN|' oghaniyuktibhASya meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai - 'sadguNoM kI prApti ke lie dharmakathA kI jAtI hai| 109 dharmakathAoM ke mAdhyama se hone vAlI sva-para jIvanopayogI carcAe~ Atmika zAnti aura Ananda kI abhivRddhi karatI haiN| mitabhASitA kA artha aspaSTabhASitA bilkula nahIM hai| saMpreSaNa arthapUrNa evaM suspaSTa honA caahie| vastutaH , vacana kI phalazruti hai - arthjnyaan| jisa vacana ko bolane para artha kA hI jJAna na ho sake, to usa vacana se bhalA kyA lAbha?110 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM guru-ziSya ke udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se paraspara aspaSTa-saMpreSaNa kI vyarthatA para kaTAkSa karate hue kahA gayA hai - "vaha guru, gurU nahIM, apitu badhira ke samAna hai, jisase pUchA kucha aura jAe tathA vaha batAe kucha aur| isI prakAra vaha ziSya bhI ziSya nahIM hai, jo sune kucha aura tathA kahe kucha aura / "111 dazavaikAlika meM santulita saMpreSaNa para jora diyA gayA hai| sAmAnyataH 'kahane-sunane' kI kriyA ko samAja se pUrI taraha haTAyA nahIM jA sktaa| isakA apanA aucitya evaM upayogitA hai| 12 lekina isameM kitane' kA viveka vyakti kI sajagatA kI kasauTI haiM, buddhimAn vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha na ati bole aura na alp| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM ThIka hI kahA gayA hai - 'vyakti svAnubhUta, parimita, asandigdha, paripUrNa aura spaSTa vANI kA prayoga kare, kintu yaha bhI dhyAna rakhe ki yaha vANI vAcAlatA se rahita aura dUsaroM ko udvigna karane vAlI na ho| 113 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 330 26 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #409
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 114 pArasparika manamuTAva se panapI saMvAdahInatA mitabhASitA nahIM hai| Aja samAja isI samasyA se gujara rahA hai| ghara meM apane logoM ke bIca baiThakara bhI kaI bAra apanepana kI bhAvanA nahIM raha pAtI / kucha bhI kahane se pahale sau bAra socanA jarurI lagane lagatA hai ki kahIM koI bAta bar3ha na jAe aura kAma bigar3a na jaae| aisI sthiti meM paraspara mauna (asaMvAda) athavA do TUka bAteM honA bhI samyak mitabhASitA nahIM hai / yahA~ para AvazyakatA hai ki hama bAtacIta ke lie svastha vAtAvaraNa nirmita kareM, paraspara eka-dUsare ke mantavya samajheM, apanI galataphahamiyA~ dUra kareM, apane mAnAdi kASAyika bhAvoM ko upazama kareM aura parimita, lekina svastha - saMvAda kreN| yahI ucita samAdhAna hai aura yaha anekAnta dRSTikoNa se hI sambhava hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kahA bhI hai jo vyakti abhivyakti - kauzala meM akuzala hai aura abhivyakti kI maryAdAoM se anabhijJa hai, vaha kucha nahIM bolakara bhI mauna nahIM rahatA, jabaki abhivyakti meM dakSa aura apanI maryAdAoM meM prasaMgAnusAra ucita bolane vAlA mauna hI hai, bhale hI vaha bole| isa anekAntamayI vicAradhArA ko vicAravAn vivekI vyakti hI samajha sakate haiM / 115 jahA~ svArtha aura sammAna kI pUrti hotI ho, vahA~ bahuta bolanA anyathA cuppI sAdha lenA bhI samyak mitabhASitA nahIM, balki maukAparastI hai / vyakti ko isa giragiTa vRtti se bacanA cAhie / isI prakAra kaI bAra vyakti ahaMkAravaza bhI mitabhASI jaisA vyavahAra karane lagatA | jainAcAryoM ne ahaMkAra ke ATha prakAra batAe haiM zArIrika rUpa-raMga, zArIrika bala, bhautika lAbha, bhautika aizvarya, kula (pitRpakSa ), jAti (mAtRpakSa ), tapa-tyAga evaM jJAna kA ahaMkAra / ahaMkAra ke kAraNa vyakti svayaM ko samAja evaM parivAra ke anya sadasyoM se pRthak mahasUsa karatA hai| vaha ucca yA hInabhAvanAoM (Superiority or Inferiority complex) se grasita hokara dhIre-dhIre alpabhASI bana jAtA hai / kintu yaha bhI samyak mitabhASitA nahIM hai| mitabhASitA kaSAyajanya nahIM honI caahie| kaSAyarahita rahate hue sArabhUta tathyaparaka aura AvazyakatAnurUpa kama bolanA hI samyak mitabhASitA hai| 5 anta meM itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki mukharUpI tijorI meM vANI rUpI ratna sambhAlakara rakhanA cAhie / isa tijorI para maunarUpI tAlA lagAnA cAhie tathA yogya grAhaka milane para hI use dikhAnA cAhie / " 116 (4) niravadya ( nirdoSa) vacana jainAcAryoM ne hita, mita aura priya vacanoM ke sAtha hI vacana kI niravadyatA arthAt nirdoSatA yA ahiMsakatA para bhI atyadhika jora diyA hai, kyoMki yadi vacana sAvadya hoM, to bhASA samiti kA pAlana bhI nahIM ho sakatA / jainAcAryoM ne isIlie AcArAMga, dazavaikAlika, prazna - vyAkaraNa, sUtrakRtAMga, prajJApanAsUtra Adi zAstroM meM na kevala niravadya vacanoM ko hI bolane kI preraNA dI hai, apitu niravadyatA kA atigahana vizleSaNa bhI kiyA hai| yaha vizleSaNa hI vyakti 'kyA bolanA aura kyA nahIM' kA viveka pradAna karatA hai| 331 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 27
Page #410
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Aja sabhI ora sAvadya (doSapUrNa) vacanoM kA hI bolabAlA hai| adhikAMza vaktAoM meM niravadya vacanoM ke prati niSThA aura samarpaNa bhI nahIM hai, yahA~ taka ki sAvadya-niravadya kA suspaSTa bheda karane vAlI samyak samajha kA bhI abhAva hai| unheM itanA bhI jJAta nahIM hai ki 'maiM jo bola rahA hU~, vaha bolane yogya hai bhI yA nhiiN|' jainAcAryoM ne isIlie bhASA (vacanoM) kA syAdvAdamaya, saTIka evaM sUkSma spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| unake anusAra, jo bolI jAe vaha bhASA hai (bhASyate iti bhaassaa)| bhASA avadhAriNI arthAt arthabodha karAne vAlI hotI hai, kyoMki isase padArtha kA avadhAraNa arthAt nizcaya hotA hai|118 kintu yaha bhASA satya, asatya (mRSA), satyAsatya (mizra) evaM asatyAsatya (vyavahAra) - aise cAra prakAra kI hotI hai aura isIlie yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki hara bAta jo bolI jAtI hai, vaha ucita arthAt bolane yogya hI ho| ina cAra bhASAoM ko nimna prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai - satyabhASA - jo sat arthAt vidyamAna padArthoM kA samyak bodha karAtI ho, hitakAriNI ho aura jIvAdi tattvoM kI samyak prarUpaNA karatI ho, vaha satya-bhASA kahalAtI hai| saMkSepa meM, vastu-svarUpa kA yathocita pratipAdana karane vAlI bhASA 'satyabhASA' hai|119 asatyabhASA - jo satya bhASA se viparIta svarUpa vAlI ho, vaha 'asatya-bhASA' kahalAtI hai|120 satyAsatya bhASA - jisameM satya aura asatya donoM mizrita hoM arthAt jisameM kucha aMza satya ho aura kucha aMza asatya ho, vaha 'satyAsatya' yA 'mizra bhASA' kahalAtI hai|121 asatyAsatya bhASA - jo bhASA ina tInoM prakAra kI bhASAoM meM samAviSTa na ho sake arthAt jise satya, asatya yA mizrarUpa nahIM kahA jA sake athavA jisameM ina tInoM bhASAoM meM se kisI bhI bhASA kA lakSaNa ghaTita na ho, vaha 'asatyAsatya (vyavahAra) bhASA' hai| isa bhASA ke viSaya AmantraNa, nimantraNa, Adeza, upadeza Adi haiN|122 jainadRSTi se satya Adi cAroM bhASAoM kI pahacAna nimna prakAra se kI jA sakatI hai - 1) jo ArAdhaka ho, vaha satya bhASA - jisake dvArA mokSamArga kI ArAdhanA kI jAe athavA vastu-svarUpa kA yathArtha kathana kiyA jAe, vaha ArAdhaka bhASA kahalAtI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jo ArAdhaka ho, usI bhASA ko satya-bhASA samajhanI caahie|123 2) jo virAdhaka ho, vaha asatya bhASA - jo bhASA vastu-svarUpa kI mithyA sthApanA karane ke Azaya se kahI jAtI hai athavA jo bhASA satya hote hue bhI aprAsaMgika, durAzayayukta aura parapIr3Ajanaka ho, vaha virAdhaka bhASA kahalAtI hai| virAdhaka bhASA ko hI asatya-bhASA samajhanI caahie|124 28 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 332 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #411
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3) jo ArAdhaka-virAdhaka mizrarUpa ho, vaha satyAsatya bhASA - jo bhASA AMzika rUpa se ArAdhaka aura AMzika rUpa se virAdhaka ho, vaha ArAdhaka-virAdhakamizra bhASA kahalAtI hai| jaise - kisI nagara meM Aja 150 baccoM kA janma huA ho, kintu kisI ke pUchane para kaha denA ki saikar3oM baccoM kA janma huA hai| 125 ArAdhaka-virAdhaka bhASA ko hI satyAsatya bhASA samajhanI caahie| 4) jo na ArAdhaka ho na virAdhaka, vaha asatyAsatya bhASA - jisa bhASA meM ArAdhaka, virAdhaka evaM ArAdhaka-virAdhaka mizra lakSaNa na hoM, use 'asatyAsatya bhASA' samajhanI cAhie, jaise - 'he mune ! pratikramaNa kro| sthaNDila kA pratilekhana karo' Adi / 126 adhikAMza loga yaha mAnate haiM ki kahI jAne vAlI hara bAta ucita hI hotI hai, to kucha loga yaha mAnate haiM ki bhASA ke kevala do hI prakAra haiM - satya evaM asatya, jinameM se satya bolane yogya hai aura asatya nhiiN| kintu yaha vicAra bhI pUrNataH sahI nahIM hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM ina cAra prakAra kI bhASAoM ke sandarbha meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki127 - cauNhaM khalu bhAsANaM, parisaMkhAyaM pannavaM / doNhaM tu hiNayaM sikkhe, do na bhAsijja svvso|| arthAt prajJAvAn purUSa cAra prakAra kI bhASAoM ko samajhakara satya evaM vyavahAra (asatyAsatya) bhASAoM kA hI prayoga kareM aura asatya evaM mizra bhASAoM ko sarvathA na boleN| ataH asatya bhASA aura mizra bhASA kA prayoga bhASika-abhivyakti kI kSamatA kA sadupayoga nahIM, varan durupayoga hai| ina donoM se sva-para kA ahita hI hotA hai| ye durAzayayukta evaM duSpariNAmadAyinI hotI haiN| inase aihalaukika evaM pAralaukika vinAza hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha anubhUta nahIM hotA, phira bhI jIvana meM ina ananumata/aprayojya bhASAdvaya kA prayoga pracura mAtrA meM hotA rahatA hai, isIlie jainAcAryoM ne inake svarUpa ko prajJApanAsUtra meM vistAra se spaSTa kiyA hai| ina bhASAoM ke vividha prakAroM kA varNana kramazaH kiyA jA rahA hai| (ka) prajJApanAsUtra meM ullikhita satya bhASA ke dasa prakAra128 1) janapada satya - vibhinna prAntoM meM pracalita viziSTa zabdoM se yukta bhASA, jo iSTa artha kA bodha karAne vAlI hotI hai, jaise - hindI bhASI kSetroM meM prayukta 'artha' zabda tAtparyasUcaka hai aura aMgrejI bhASI kSetroM meM prayukta 'artha' (Earth) zabda 'pRthvI' kA bodha karAtA hai| ataH donoM hI satya haiN| 2) sammata satya - samasta loka meM sammata hone ke kAraNa satya rUpa meM prasiddha, jaise - paMka se utpanna hone ke kAraNa zaivAla, kITa Adi ko 'paMkaja' kahA jA sakatA hai. lekina loka meM kamala ko hI 'paMkaja' kahate haiM, anyoM ko nhiiN| ataH yaha sammata satya hai| 333 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #412
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3) sthApanA satya - aMkAdi vizeSa pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se jo artha samajhA jAtA hai, jaise - noTa ke Upara 1000' kA mudraNa 'rUpae eka hajAra' kI prarUpaNA karatA hai| yaha sthApanA satya hai| 4) nAma satya - guNa athavA kArya se sumela na hone para bhI nAma ke AdhAra para prayukta bhASA, jaise - Darapoka hote hue bhI kisI kA nAma 'bahAdura siMha' honaa| 5) rUpa satya - kevala vezabhUSA Adi bAhya svarUpa ke AdhAra para prayukta bhASA, jaise -- sAdhu kA veza dhAraNa karane vAle ko sAdhu khnaa| 6) pratItya satya - kisI anya vastu kI apekSA se satya rUpa meM mAnya bhASA, jaise - jahA~gIra ko __putra kahanA, akabara kI apekSA se na ki zAhajahA~ kI apekSA se| 7) vyavahAra satya - lokavyavahAra kI apekSA se satya rUpa meM mAnya bhASA, jaise - 'ghI kI kaTorI' khnaa| vastutaH, kaTorI ghI se nirmita nahIM hai, kaTorI to sTIla kI hai| phira bhI abheda vivakSA se aisA kahanA vyavahAra satya hai| 8) bhAva satya - vastu ke kisI viziSTa guNa-dharma ke AdhAra para kathana karanA, jaise - 'sabjI khArI hai'| yadyapi sabjI meM tIkhApanA, mIThApanA Adi bhI hai, lekina namaka kI adhikatA ke kAraNa aisA kahanA bhI satya hai| 9) yoga satya - eka ke yoga arthAt sambandha ke AdhAra para dUsare ko lakSita karanA, jaise - daNDa ke yoga se kisI ko daNDI khnaa| 10)aupamya satya - upamA se jo bhASA kahI jAe, jaise - 'rAhula to siMha ke samAna hai'| uparyukta bhASAoM kA prayoga jainAcAryoM ke dvArA anumata hai, kyoMki ye sabhI satya kI zreNI meM AtI haiN| (kha) prajJApanAsUtra meM varNita vyavahAra bhASA yA asatyAsatya bhASA ke bAraha prakAra129 1) AmaMtraNI - sambodhanasUcaka bhASA, jaise - he devadatta ! vivAhotsava meM aanaa| 2) AjJApanI - dUsare ko kArya meM pravRtta karane vAlI arthAt AjJA dene vAlI bhASA, jaise - Apa rUkie, Apa calie, Apa khAie Adi / 3) yAcanI - kisI vastu ko mA~gane ke lie prayukta bhASA, jaise - 'kRpayA yaha mujhe diijie'| 4) pRcchanI - kisI viSaya meM kisI se prazna karane vAlI bhASA, jaise - 'isa zabda kA artha kyA 5) prajJApanI - vinIta ziSya Adi ke lie prayukta upadeza rUpa bhASA, jaise - 'vyakti ko jIvana-prabandhana avazya hI karanA caahie'| 6) pratyAkhyAnI - amuka vastu kA pratyAkhyAna yA niSedha karanA, jaise - 'Aja tumheM eka ghaNTe taka mauna rahanA hai' athavA 'Aja maiM yaha vastu tumheM nahIM de sktaa'| 7) icchAnulomA - icchA ko prakaTa karane vAlI bhASA, jaise - 'maiM pratikramaNa karanA cAhatA hU~, yadi ApakI icchA (anumati) ho to', 'Apa yaha kArya kareM, aisI merI icchA hai', 'isa kArya ke jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 30 334 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #413
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ lie merI pUrNa sahamati hai' ityaadi| 8) anabhigRhItA - kisI niyata artha ko prakaTa na kara pAne vAlI bhASA, jaise - 'isa samaya maiM kauna-sA kArya karU~?' aisA pUchane para uttaradAtA kA kahanA ho - 'jaisA ucita samajho, vaisA kro'| 9) abhigRhItA - kisI niyata artha kA nizcaya karAne vAlI bhASA, jaise - 'isa samaya tumheM adhyayana hI karanA cAhie, manoraMjana nhiiN'| 10) saMzayakaraNI - aneka arthoM ko prakaTa karane vAlI bhASA, jaise - kisI ne kisI ko kahA - 'saindhava le aao'| saindhava zabda ko sunakara yaha saMzaya utpanna hotA hai ki yaha namaka ma~gAtA hai yA ghor3A, vastra athavA purUSa, kyoMki ye cAroM hI saindhava zabda ke artha haiN| 11) vyAkRtA - artha ko spaSTa karane vAlI bhASA, jaise - tribhuja tIna bhujAoM se yukta hotA hai| 12) avyAkRtA - kisI kI anirvacanIyatA yA avyaktatA kA kathana krnaa| yaha bAraha prakAra kI vyavahAra bhASA hai, jo sAmAnya paristhiti meM sajjanoM ke lie bolane yogya mAnI gaI hai| (ga) prajJApanAsUtra meM varNita asatyabhASA ke dasa prakAra130 1) krodhaniHsRtA - krodhavaza nikalane vAlI bhaassaa| 2) mAnaniHsRtA - mAnavaza sva-prazaMsA aura para-nindA karane vAlI bhaassaa| 3) mAyAniHsRtA - chala-kapaTa, ThagI Adi ke abhiprAya se nikalane vAlI bhaassaa| 4) lobhaniHsRtA - lobhavaza nikalane vAlI bhASA, jaise - galata nApa-taula karake bhI pUchane para pramANopeta khnaa| 5) rAganiHsRtA - rAgavaza nikalane vAlI bhASA, jaise - 'maiM to ApakA dAsa huuN'| 6) dveSaniHsRtA - dveSavaza guNIjanoM kI bhI nindA Adi karane vAlI bhaassaa| 7) hAsyaniHsRtA - ha~sI-majAka meM jhUTha bolane vAlI bhaassaa| 8) bhayaniHsRtA - bhayavaza nikalane vAlI bhaassaa|| 9) AkhyAyikAniHsRtA - kisI kathA-kahAnI ke varNana meM asambhava vastu ko sambhava jatAne vAlI bhASA, jaise - 'usake svargavAsI pitA use roja bahuta-sI sAmagrI bhejate the'| 10) upaghAtaniHsRtA - dUsare ke hRdaya ko AghAta pahu~cAne kI dRSTi se nikalane vAlI bhASA, jaise - 'kisI ko andhA yA kANA kahanA' athavA 'tU cora hai', aisA kahanA ityAdi / sAmAnya rUpa se jainAcAryoM ne ina asatya bhASAoM kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA hai, ataH sajjanoM ko inakA prayoga nahIM karanA caahie| 335 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #414
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (gha) prajJApanAsUtra meM varNita satyAsatya athavA mizra bhASA ke dasa prakAra131 1) utpannamizritA - janma lene vAloM kI saMkhyA ko alpa yA adhika karake kahane vAlI bhASA, jaise - 'Aja nagara meM saikar3oM zizuoM kA janma huA, jabaki usa saMkhyA se kama yA jyAdA zizuoM kA janma huA hai'| 2) vigatamizritA - vigata arthAt mRtakoM kI saMkhyA ko kama yA jyAdA karake kahane vAlI bhASA, jaise - kisI sthAna para Ae bhUkampa meM 900 logoM kI mRtyu huI, jabaki koI kisI ko cauMkAne ke lie kahatA hai - 'patA hai, bhUkampa meM hajAroM logoM kI jAna calI gii| 3) utpannavigatamizritA - janmeM aura mare huoM kI saMkhyA niyata hone para bhI use kama-jyAdA karake kahane vAlI bhaassaa| 4) jIvamizritA - jIvoM aura ajIvoM kI mizrita rAzi ko dekhakara bhI use sampUrNatayA jIvarAzi kahane vAlI bhaassaa| 5) ajIvamizritA - jIvoM aura ajIvoM kI mizrita rAzi ko dekhakara bhI use sampUrNatayA ajIvarAzi kahane vAlI bhaassaa| 6) jIvAjIvamizritA - jIvoM evaM ajIvoM kI saMkhyA meM visaMvAda (alpAdhikatA) hone para bhI unheM niyata rUpa se kahane vAlI bhASA, jaise - 'isameM Adhe jIvita aura Adhe mRta haiN| 7) anantamizritA - anantakAyika aura pratyekavanaspatikAyika jIvoM ko milA huA dekhakara bhI yaha kahane vAlI bhASA ki 'ye saba anantakAyika haiN'| 8) pratyekamizritA - anantakAyika aura pratyekavanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke samUha ko dekhakara bhI yaha kahane vAlI bhASA ki 'ye saba pratyekavanaspatikAyika haiN'| 9) addhAmizritA - dina meM rAtri athavA rAtri meM dina kA AropaNa karane vAlI bhASA, jaise - abhI dina vidyamAna hote hue bhI yaha kahanA ki 'jaldI bhojana kara, dekha! rAta ho gaI hai' athavA abhI rAtri kA kucha bhAga zeSa hai, lekina yaha kahanA ki 'uTha dina nikala AyA hai| 10) addhAddhAmizritA - dina yA rAtri ke kAlAMzoM kA mizraNa karane vAlI bhASA, jaise - abhI pahalA prahara pravarttamAna hai, phira bhI kisI ko yaha kahanA ki 'jaldI cala, madhyAhna ho gayA hai'| isa prakAra, jainAcAryoM ne vANI ke asamyak prayogoM kI vistAra se prarUpaNA kI hai| bhale hI uparyukta vANI-prayoga, jaise - krodhaniHsRtA, mAnaniHsRtA Adi hameM zAstrIya upadezoM ke samAna sAmAnya lagate hoM, lekina jIvana kA yathArtha avalokana karane para yaha avazya mahasUsa hogA ki ye hamAre dainandina jIvana ke hI bhASAyI prayoga haiN| prajJApanAsUtra ke anusAra to satyabhASI isa vizva meM sabase alpa haiM, inase asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika satyAsatyabhASI haiM, inase asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika asatyabhASI haiM aura inase bhI asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika asatyAsatyabhASI haiN|192 uparyukta A~kar3oM se yaha siddha hai ki isa vizva meM bhASika kSamatA prApta karane se bhI adhika durlabha evaM cunautIpUrNa kArya bhASika kSamatA kA sadupayoga karanA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 32 336 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #415
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.6.4 jIvana meM vANI kA samyak prayoga vartamAna pariprekSya meM prAyaH vyApAra-vyavasAya, korTa-kacaharI, ghara-parivAra, samAja evaM sarakArI kAryAlayoM Adi meM asatya aura satyAsatya bhASA kA hI bolabAlA hai| eka Ama AdamI sirpha par3hanA-likhanA-bolanA A jAne ko hI pUrNa mAna letA hai aura samyak likhane-bolane ke prazikSaNa evaM prayogoM kI upekSA hI kara detA hai| sAmAnyataura para vyakti asatya bhASaNa ke doSa ko svIkAra nahIM karatA, jabaki jainAcAryoM ne to asatyamizrita satya ko bhI doSapUrNa abhivyakti mAnA hai / yadi Aja samAja meM vyApta kaI burAiyoM para najara DAlI jAe, to inameM asatya evaM satyAsatya bhASAoM kA pramukha yogadAna hai| samAja meM paraspara prema aura sauhArdra kA vAtAvaraNa khaNDita ho rahA hai, AtmIyatA ghaTa rahI hai, sahiSNutA evaM samatA mRtaprAyaH ho gaI haiM evaM svastha saMvAda kA hrAsa ho rahA hai| isakA mUla kAraNa ina donoM bhASAoM kA atyadhika prayoga honA hai, jinakA jainAcAryoM ne sarvathA niSedha kiyA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki varttamAna meM asatya evaM satyAsatya (mizra) bhASA kA prayoga bar3hane se sAmAjika mUlyoM kA atyadhika hrAsa huA hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI utanA hI sahI hai ki vyakti ne vicAroM kI kuTilatA ke vazIbhUta hokara satya evaM vyavahAra bhASA kA durupayoga bhI khUba kiyA hai| yaha bhI sAmAjika AdarzoM ko girAne vAlA atyanta prabhAvI kAraNa hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM vyakti ko inhIM kamajoriyoM se bacane ke lie kahA gayA hai ki 'vaha satya ko na chipAe aura na tor3a-maror3akara prastuta kare / ' vyakti kA vyaktitva svaccha - pAradarzI sphaTika samAna nirmala honA caahie| isameM durAzaya se dUSita satya evaM vyavahAra bhASAoM kA bhI sarvathA niSedha honA cAhie / 133 uparyukta visaMgatiyoM se bacane ke lie ina cAra bhASAoM kA viveka honA Avazyaka hai| isI uddezya se dazavaikAlikasUtra meM sajjanoM ke lie nimnalikhita bhASAoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai 134 1) avaktavya - satya bhASA - jo satya hote hue bhI kahane yogya nahIM ho / 2) asatya bhASA jo satya nahIM ho / 3) satyAsatya bhASA jo satya aura asatya mizrita ho / 4) anAcIrNa vyavahAra bhASA jo vyavahAra bhASA hote hue bhI AcaraNa - yogya nahIM ho / uparyukta bhASAoM ko vividha udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai 135 1) kANe ko kANA, napuMsaka ko napuMsaka, rogI ko rogI, cora ko cora nahIM kahanA cAhie / ' 2) sneharahita, marmaghAtI, pIr3AdAyI, kaTuka, kaThora, abhyAkhyAnAtmaka evaM cugalakhorI rUpa satya vacana bhI nahIM bolanA cAhie 136 3) jisase vidroha bhar3aka jAe, kalaha ho jAe, kisI kI hatyA ho jAe, aisA koI vacana bhI nahIM kahanA cAhie / 4) kisI apekSA se gurujanoM yA vRddhoM Adi ke doSoM kA varNana bhI nahIM karanA caahie| 137 adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana 337 - -- - For Personal & Private Use Only 33
Page #416
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5) dveSapUrNa citta se yukta hokara aisA satya vacana bhI nahIM kahanA cAhie, jisase kisI ko takalIpha ho| 6) saMzaya utpanna karane vAlI vyavahAra bhASA bhI nahIM kahanI cAhie, jisameM Azaya ko chipAkara dUsaroM ko bhrama meM DAlane ke lie anekArthaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAe, jaise - 'azvatthAmA hato naro vA kuMjaro vaa'| 138 7) vastu kA yathArtha nirNaya (vicAra) kie binA hI satya lagane vAlI asatya vastu ko sahasA satya nahIM kaha denA cAhie, jaise - purUSa veSadhArI strI ko purUSa khnaa|139 8) jahA~ mRSAvAda kI sambhAvanA ho, vaisI zaMkita bhASA bhI nahIM bolanI caahie| yadyapi atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya sambandhI aisI zaMkita bhASA kA prayoga kiyA avazya jAtA hai, kintu karanA nahIM cAhie, jaise - 'hama jAe~ge', 'hamArA amuka kArya ho jAegA', 'maiM yaha karU~gA' ityaadi|140 isa AdhAra para binA vicAre hI jhUThe AzvAsana denA, jhUThe vAde karanA, jhUThe gappe mAranA, sunI-sunAI aphavAheM phailAnA Adi kAryoM kA niSedha karanA caahie| 9) kisI bhI kAla ke sambandha meM kisI viSaya kI anabhijJatA hone para bhI nizcayAtmaka bhASA kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie, jaise - 'yaha aisA hI hai'|141 10) kisI bhI kAla ke sambandha meM kisI viSaya meM zaMkA hone para bhI nizcayAtmaka bhASA kA prayoga __ nahIM karanA cAhie, jaise - 'yaha aisA hI hai'|142 11) o kutte!, he bhikhArI!, he zUdra! , are durbhAgI! Adi sambodhanavAcI zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki ye tucchatA, duzceSTA, dInatA, aniSTatA, vigraha, tiraskAra Adi ke sUcaka haiN|143 12) he dAdI!, he nAnI!, he kAkI!, he beTA!, he putrii|, he svAmin!, he svAminI!, he buA!, he cAcA! Adi zabdoM kA prayoga bhI kama se kama muni ko to nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki usane sAMsArika sambandhoM kA tyAga kara diyA hai| yadi ina zabdoM meM cATukAritA, maukAparastI, svArthaparakatA, zaThatA Adi manobhAvoM kA puTa hai, to sAmAnya vyakti ke lie bhI ye avaktavya 13) yahA~ taka ki paMcendriya prANiyoM ke viSaya meM jaba taka yaha nizcaya nahIM ho jAe ki yaha nara hai athavA mAdA, taba taka 'gau jAti', 'azva jAti' kA prANI Adi zabdoM kA prayoga karanA caahie|145 14) manuSya, pazu-pakSI Adi ke viSaya meM anucita zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie, jaise - kisI ko 'sthUla (moTA)' kahane ke bajAya 'parivRddha' kahA jA sakatA hai, vadhya (vadha karane yogya) kahane ke bajAya 'yuvA' kahA jA sakatA hai ityAdi / 146 15) 'ye per3a pharnIcara, dvAra Adi banAne ke lie upayukta haiM', aisA kahanA bhI jaina muni ke lie 34 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 338 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #417
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ varjita hai, kyoMki yahA~ vacanoM meM hiMsAtmakatA jhalakatI hai|147 16) 'yaha pakAne yogya hai', 'yaha chilane yogya hai', 'yaha kATane yogya hai', 'yaha bhunane yogya hai', 'yaha civar3A banAkara (cUrakara) khAne yogya hai' ityAdi vacana bhI upayukta nahIM haiM, kyoMki inameM hiMsA ke bhAva haiN|148 17) 'yaha cora mArane yogya hai', 'mRtakabhoja karaNIya hai', 'ise phA~sI para car3hA denA cAhie' ityAdi vacana bhI kahane yogya nahIM hai|149 18) anumodanakArI bhASA, jaise - 'bahuta acchA bhojana banAyA hai', 'bahuta acchA makAna banavAyA hai', 'bahuta acchA pharnIcara banavAyA hai' ityAdi kA prayoga bhI karane yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM hiMsA yA parigraha-vRtti kA anumodana hai|150 19) nirarthaka evaM pApa-pravRtti sambandhI Adeza bilkula nahIM denA caahie|151 20) sajjana purUSoM ko sadA yAda rakhanA cAhie - 'nA puTTho vAgare kiMci, puTTho vA nAliyaM vae', ___ arthAt binA pUche kucha salAha, upadeza Adi nahIM denA aura pUchane para jhUTha nahIM bolnaa| 52 21) jaina muniyoM ko to yahA~ taka nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki ve gRhasthoM ko baiTha, uTha, Thahara, khar3e ho, calA jA Adi na kaheM, kyoMki ina kriyAoM meM hone vAle hiMsAdi doSoM meM ve svayaM bhI bhAgIdAra bana jAte haiN|153 22) pazu-pakSiyoM athavA manuSyoM kI lar3AI meM 'amuka kI vijaya ho' athavA 'amuka kI parAjaya ho', aisA nahIM kahanA caahie|154 isa prakAra, vAkya-zuddhi ke niyamoM ko bhalI-bhA~ti samajhakara muni doSapUrNa vANI kA sarvathA evaM gRhastha apanI bhUmikAnusAra AMzika rUpa se tyAga kre| vastutaH, sajjana purUSa parimita evaM doSarahita vANI ko soca-vicAra kara bolate haiM, jisase ve sarvatra prazaMsA ko prApta karate haiN|155 vistRta carcA ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne vacana kI hitakAritA, mitakAritA evaM priyakAritA ke sAtha-sAtha nirdoSatA para bhI atyadhika bala diyA hai| hamArI abhivyakti meM ina viziSTatAoM kA samyak samanvayana aura santulana apekSita hai| ise hI hama bhASA-samiti kA sahI svarUpa kaha sakate haiN| 6.6.5 bhASA-samiti kA pAlana na ho pAne ke aMtaraMga kAraNa ___ Aja vyakti bhASA-samiti kA paripAlana kyoM nahIM kara pA rahA hai, yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, mUla rUpa meM isakA kAraNa bAhara kI paristhitiyA~ nahIM, balki bhItara kI malinatA, kaluSatA evaM kuTilatA hI hai| isameM bhI sArI bhUloM kA mUla hai - 'mithyA dRSTikoNa' arthAt jhUThI maanytaa| jaba vyakti vizva ke yathArtha svarUpa ke bAre meM samyak dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa karatA hai, tabhI usakA vANI vyavahAra bhI sudharatA hai| satya ko satya rUpa meM grahaNa karane ke pazcAt hI vAstavika 339 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana 36 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #418
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anAsakti AtI hai aura sAdhaka kI samyak bhASA-samiti kI arhatA banatI hai| bhASA-samiti kA paripAlana na kara pAne kA dUsarA kAraNa hai - 'kaSAya arthAt kaluSita bhaav'| hamAre vacana tabhI hita, mita, priya evaM grAhya hoMge, jaba ve kaSAyamukta hoNge| jainAcAryoM ne vividha zAstroM meM ina kaSAyoM ko doSapUrNa vacanoM kA AdhAra batAyA hai, jo nimnalikhita uddharaNoM se suspaSTa hai - 1) krodha meM andhA vyakti satya, zIla aura vinaya kA vinAza kara DAlatA hai|156 2) lobhagrasta hokara vyakti jhUTha bolatA hai|157 3) ahaMkArI vyakti kI Atma-prazaMsA aura para-nindA bhI asatya ke samakakSa hI hotI hai|158 4) krodha se kSubdha vyakti yadi satya bhI kahatA hai, to vaha bhI asatya hI hotA hai|159 5) krodha, lobha, bhaya evaM hAsya - ina cAroM kAraNoM se vyakti jhUTha bolatA hai|160 vastutaH ye cAroM satya ko bhI asatya banA dete haiN| inake kAraNa vacana-zuddhi kA viveka nahIM rhtaa| Aja yadi vyakti ko apanI abhivyakti ko sajAnA, sa~vAranA aura svacchatA pradAna karanA hai, to ina mithyAtva evaM kASAyika bhAvoM se ubaranA hI hogaa| aMtaraMga nirmala vicAroM se abhiprerita vANI hI vyakti, parivAra, samAja, rASTra evaM vizva meM zAnti, prema aura bandhutva kI bhAvanA ko sthApita karane meM samartha hai| satya aura asatya kA viveka bhASika abhivyakti kA samyak prabadhana karane ke lie vyakti ko saca aura jhUTha ke bIca kA antara spaSTa honA cAhie, kintu kise jhUTha kahA jAe aura kise saca , isakA spaSTIkaraNa kaSAya-vRtti se yukta vyakti nahIM kara paataa| vaha to apane sthUla jhUTha ko bhI satya hI mAnatA hai, ataH zrIjinadAsamahattara ne mRSAvAda kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karane ke lie isake nimna bhedoM ko samajhAyA hai161 - sadbhAva kA pratiSedha - jo vidyamAna hai, use avidyamAna kahanA, jaise - kisI Agantuka ke Ane para koI pitA apane putra se kahatA hai ki 'kaha denA , abhI pitAjI ghara para nahIM haiN| yahIM se agalI pIr3hI ko asatya bolane kI zikSA prArambha ho jAtI hai| 2) asadbhAva kA udbhAvana - jo vidyamAna nahIM hai, use vidyamAna kahanA, jaise - AtmotkarSa dikhAne ke lie koI kisI ko jhUTha bole ki 'hamAre pAsa khUba aizvarya thA, hama to karor3oM kI sampatti ke svAmI the| 3) arthAtara - eka vastu ko anya kahanA, jaise - vinoda nAmaka vyakti ke sthAna para yAtrA karane vAlA koI dUsarA vyakti TikiTa-nirIkSaka se kahe ki 'maiM hI vinoda huuN| 4) gardA - kisI kI nindA-tiraskAra karanA, jaise - laMgar3e vyakti ko laMgar3A khnaa| 36 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 340 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #419
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vyakti ko cAhie ki uparyukta vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para vaha mRSAvAda ke sevana kA sarvathA tyAga kre| merI dRSTi meM, nimnalikhita kArakoM ke AdhAra para bhI mRSAvAda kA vizleSaNa kiyA jA sakatA mRSAvAda kA niSedha triyogapUrvaka niSedha trikaraNapUrvaka niSedha / trikAlapUrvaka niSedha kaSAyoM kA niSedha mana vacana kAyA karane karAne anumodana karane atIta sambandhI vartamAna sambandhI bhaviSya sambandhI krodha mAna mAyA lobha isa prakA vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para 3 x 3 x 3x4 = 108 bhedoM se muSAvAda kA niSedha karake hI pUrNatayA satyamaya jIvana jiyA jA sakatA hai| vistAra-ruci vAle vyakti saMkSepa meM tattva ke tathya ko nahIM pahacAna paate| ataH unake spaSTIkaraNa ke lie eka anya dRSTikoNa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki pramAdayukta kahA gayA satyarahita evaM parapIr3AkArI vacana mRSAvAda hI hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki AtmA kI AtmA ke prati ajAgarukatA ko hI jainadarzana meM 'pramAda' kahA gayA hai, jo pA~coM iMdriyoM ke viSayoM meM Asakti, cAroM prakAra kI kaSAya, cAroM prakAra kI vikathAe~, nidrA evaM sneha - ina paMdraha rUpoM meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra ke cUrNikAra ke ye vicAra vizeSa cintanIya haiM - 'satya yA asatya kisI bhI bhASA ke bolane para yadi cAritra kI zuddhi hotI ho, to vaha satya hI hai aura yadi cAritra kI zuddhi nahIM hotI ho, to vaha asatya hI hai| 162 yaha niSkarSa hai ki saMsAra meM satya hI sArabhUta hai|163 satya meM mahAsamudra se bhI adhika gaharAI hai, caMdramA se bhI adhika saumyatA evaM sUrya se bhI adhika teja hai| 164 Azaya yaha hai ki satya bhASA atulanIya hai| sArarUpa meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'taM saccaM bhagavaM' arthAt satya hI bhagavAn hai|165 341 adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana 37 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #420
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.6.6 vacana-gupti (mauna) pUrva carcA se yaha spaSTa hai ki hita-mita-priya aura nirdoSa vANI jIvana jIne kI sundara kalA hai| yaha hamAre vyaktitva ko nikhAratI hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa-raMga-AkRti vAlA vyakti bhI apanI vAgmitA (vacana-samiti) se kaiyoM ko apane anukUla banA sakatA hai| Age, hama isa viSaya para carcA kara rahe haiM ki jaise jIvana meM vacana-samiti (bhASA-samiti) kA viziSTa mahattva hai, vaise hI vacana-gupti (bhASA-gupti) arthAt mauna kA bhI apanA sthAna hai| prazna uThatA hai ki vacana-gupti kyA hai? vacana-gupti kA artha hai - 'vacana kA gupta ho jAnA' arthAt vyakti kA abhASaka' ho jaanaa| AcArya hemacandra ne ise paribhASita karate hue kahA hai166 - viSayAbhilASA rUpa saMjJAoM Adi se mukta hokara mauna dhAraNa karanA yAni vacana kI pravRtti ko rokanA 'vacana-gupti' hai| saMjJAdi - parihAreNa, yanmaunasyA - 'valambanam / vAgvRtteH saMvRttirvA yA, sA vaagguptirihocyte|| Adhunika yuga meM artha aura pratiSThA kI andhI daur3a meM vyakti aneka bhASAoM para apanA adhikAra sthApita karanA cAhatA hai| vaha aMgrejI, hindI, phreMca, jarmana, rUsI, marAThI, gujarAtI, telagu Adi anekAneka bhASAoM kA jJAna prApta karane ko apane vyaktitva vikAsa kA mApadaNDa mAnatA hai, kintu kevala bhASAyI jJAna hI paryApta nahIM hotaa| vastutaH, jainadarzana meM vacana-samiti evaM vacana-gupti kI kalA ke vikAsa ko hI vANI sambandhI vyaktitva-vikAsa kA vAstavika mAnadaNDa mAnA gayA hai|| yaha mahasUsa ho sakatA hai ki vacana-samiti aura vacana-gupti to paraspara virodhI haiN| eka kA viSaya 'bolanA' hai, to dUsare kA 'mauna rhnaa'| taba Akhira, vyakti ko vacana-samiti kA pAlana karanA cAhie yA vacana-gupti kA? donoM meM se kyA ucita hai aura kyA upAdeya hai? isa bAre meM jainAcAryoM kA dRSTikoNa anekAntavAda para AdhArita hai, unakI dRSTi meM donoM kI jIvana meM AvazyakatA hai| kevala bolanA athavA kevala mauna rahanA hI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna nahIM hai| jaba bolanA aparihArya ho, taba bolanA cAhie aura jaba mauna Avazyaka ho, taba mauna bhI rahanA caahie| yaha vizeSa hai ki bolate samaya vacana-samiti kA pAlana karanA cAhie aura mauna ke samaya vacana-gupti kaa| yadi vacana-samiti se kaba, kitanA aura kaise bolane kA viveka prApta hotA hai, to vacana-gupti se yaha nirNaya hotA hai ki prasaMgavizeSa meM bolanA ucita bhI hai yA nahIM? dUsare zabdoM meM, yadi AvazyakatA nahIM hai, to nahIM bolanA, yaha vacana-gupti kA mUla hai aura AvazyakatA ho, to avazya bolanA, lekina AvazyakatAnusAra hI bolanA, yaha vacana-samiti kA mUla hai| isa prakAra, vyakti ko jIvana meM bolane evaM mauna rahane donoM kI hI AvazyakatA hai, jisakA nirNaya deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para honA caahie| ___'kaba vacana-gupti kA prayoga karanA aura kaba vacana-samiti kA' yaha bhI eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| kaI bAra jahA~ bolanA cAhie, vahA~ vyakti mauna ho jAtA hai aura jahA~ use mauna rahanA cAhie, vahA~ mukhr| isase usake jIvana meM kabhI-kabhI asantulana bhI paidA ho jAtA hai, jise dUra karane ke lie 38 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 342 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #421
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ use vacana-gupti aura vacana-samiti ke samayAnukUla prayoga kA viveka vikasita karanA Avazyaka hai| yadi vaha jIvana kI sAmAjika evaM vaiyaktika vRttiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vacana-gupti evaM vacana-samiti kA pAlana kare, to isa viveka kA vikAsa AsAnI se ho sakatA hai| AcArya mahAprajJajI ke anusAra, vyakti vyakti bhI hai aura sAmAjika prANI bhii| kisI dRSTi se sAmAjika honA usake lie anivArya bhI hai| vaha apane jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM evaM suvidhAoM kI pUrti ke lie samAja para hI Azrita hai| ataH use samAja ke sadasyoM ke sAtha samparka sthApita karanA hI hotA hai aura jahA~ samparka sthApita karanA ho, vahA~ sampreSaNa (Communication) Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| usakA sampreSaNa tabhI prabhAvazAlI ho sakatA hai, jaba vaha hita, mita, priya evaM nirdoSa vANI kA ucita evaM samayAnukUla prayoga kre| ataH yaha kahanA hogA ki sAmAjika jIvana kI saphalatA ke lie vacana-samiti kA prayoga karanA vyakti kA eka Avazyaka kartavya hai| jIvana kA dUsarA pakSa hai-vaiyaktika jiivn| sAmAjika jIvana kI taraha vaiyaktika jIvana kA bhI apanA mahattva hai| yadyapi sAmAjika honA vyakti ke vikAsa kA AdhAra hai, phira bhI sAmAjika jIvana meM kucha suvidhAe~ haiM, to kucha samasyAe~ bhI, jinakA nirAkaraNa vaiyaktika jIvana kI samyak nItiyoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH, samAja vibhinna vicAradhArAoM vAle vyaktiyoM kA samUha hai, kahA bhI jAtA hai - 'muNDe-muNDe matirbhinnA' arthAt jitane mu~ha , utanI baateN| yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jitanI bAteM hoMgI, utanI hI samasyAe~ bhI utpanna hoNgii| vartamAna meM sAmAjika jIvana meM ye samasyAe~ kleza-kalaha, vaira-virodha, saMgharSa-cintAe~, apekSAe~-durAgraha Adi kI paristhitiyoM ke rUpa meM sAmane A rahI haiN| ye samasyAe~ vyakti meM tanAva (Stress), thakAna (Fatigue) evaM avasAda (Depression) utpanna kara rahI haiN| inase bacane kA eka hI sUtra hai - vyakti kevala sAmAjika banakara hI na jie, apitu sAmAjika jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha vaiyaktika jIvana bhI jie|168 vaiyaktika jIvana kA artha svArthapUrNa jIvana nahIM, apitu anAvazyaka sambandhoM se nivRtta hone se hai| yaha sthiti vacana-gupti se prApta ho sakatI hai| vacana-gupti se vyakti sirpha vyakti banakara jItA hai, vaha abhASI ho jAtA hai| usakI supta UrjA punaH prakaTa ho jAtI hai aura usakI nirbhAratA meM anukrama se abhivRddhi hotI calI jAtI hai| isa prakAra, vaiyaktika jIvana kI saphalatA ke lie samyak vacana gupti (mauna) kA prayoga karanA bhI vyakti kA eka Avazyaka karttavya hai|169 saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba sAmAjika jIvana jInA ho, taba bhASA-samiti kA pAlana karanA cAhie aura jaba vaiyaktika jIvana jInA ho, taba bhASA-gupti kI sAdhanA karanI cAhie, yaha vyAvahArika jIvana meM santulana kA mArga hai aura samyak vANI-viveka kA lakSaNa bhii| kaI prasaMgoM meM vyakti mauna to ho jAtA hai, lekina usake vicAroM kI zrRMkhalA tIvra gati se calatI hI rahatI hai| mana meM bolane ke vicAra to khUba uThate haiM, lekina vyakti unheM jabaradastI rokakara saMketa, izAre yA hu~kAre karatA rahatA hai| vAstava meM, yaha mauna kA samyak svarUpa nahIM hai|170 343 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #422
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mauna vahI sArthaka hai, jisameM mana aura vacana donoM kA pUrNa saMyama rahe aura aMtaraMga meM zAnti evaM Ananda kI abhivRddhi ho| mauna vaha hai, jisameM na saMketa ho, na izArA ho aura na hI hu~kArA ho| aisA mauna eka ghaNTe bhI kiyA jAe, to bhI vaha amUlya hai| yadi aisA mauna na ho, to vaha kevala eka DharrA yA rUr3hi hI hai| eka bAra kI bAta hai, eka ghara meM sAsa aura bahU donoM maujUda thiiN| sAsa mauna meM baiThI thI, jabaki bahU rasoI meM kAma kara rahI thii| usI samaya eka kuttA vahA~ AyA aura roTiyA~ lekara bhAgane lgaa| sAsa ne kutte ko dekhaa| usase rahA nahIM gyaa| sAsa ne lAThI lekara pITanA prArambha kara diyaa| jaise hI bahU ne pIche palaTakara dekhA, sAsa ne use izArA karate hue batAyA - 'dekho! kuttA roTiyA~ lekara bhAga rahA hai'| kyA yaha mauna sArthaka hai? nhiiN| sArthaka to vaha mauna hai, jisameM vyakti svastha aura zAnta rhe|11 mauna meM bahirjalpa aura antarjalpa - ina donoM kA niSedha honA caahie| samyak mauna tabhI sambhava hai, jaba bolane kA prayojana hI samApta hotA jaae| jaise-jaise bolane kA prayojana samApta hotA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise mauna svayaM jIvana meM utarane lagatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana-caritra isI tathya kA jIvanta dRSTAnta hai| saMyama-jIvana aMgIkAra karane ke pazcAt unhoMne apanI AvazyakatAoM ko itanA sImita kara liyA ki unake pAsa bolane kA prayojana hI nahIM bacA aura isIlie sAr3he bAraha varSa ke sAdhanAkAla kI dIrghAvadhi meM bhI ve prAyaH mauna rhe|73 kabIra aura pharIda ke jIvana kA bhI eka preraka prasaMga hai| ye donoM mahAn sAdhaka kisI avasara para mile| pA~ca-chaha ghaNToM taka Amane-sAmane baiThe rahe, lekina koI eka akSara bhI nahIM bolaa| anta meM binA bole hI cale ge| donoM ne mauna rahakara hI eka-dUsare ko samajha liyA, ataH bolane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM pdd'ii| yahA~ yaha samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hogA ki saMvAdahInatA (Communication Gap) mauna nahIM hai| Ajakala sAmudAyika jIvana meM matabhinnatA aura manabhinnatA se paraspara vaira-vaimanasya ke svara mukhara hote jA rahe haiN| pitA-putra, sAsa-bahU, mA~-beTI, pati-patnI, sevaka-svAmI, adhikArI-adhInastha athavA guru-ziSya hI kyoM na ho, sabhI ke bIca kahIM na kahIM madhura sambandhoM meM khaTAsa A rahI hai| isase saMvAdahInatA kI sthitiyA~ nirmita ho rahI haiN| eka-dUsare ko dekhakara anadekhA karanA athavA sunakara bhI anasunA kara denA, Aja Ama bAta ho gaI hai| kabhI-kabhI to yaha saMvAdahInatA lambe samaya taka jIvana se jur3a jAtI hai, yahA~ taka ki AjIvana bhii| kaI vyakti yaha kahate hue sunAI dete haiM - 'Aja ke bAda mujhase bAta karane kI jarurata nahIM hai', 'maiM to usase aba kabhI bAta nahIM karUMgA', 'merI aura usakI barasoM se bAtacIta banda hai' ityaadi| kabhI-kabhI to yaha saMvAdahInatA pIDhI-dara-pIr3hI bhI calatI rahatI hai| prazna uThatA hai ki kyA yaha ucita hai? aura kyA jainAcArya aisI saMvAdahInatA ke pakSadhara haiM? nhiiN| uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa kahA hai - vacana-gupti (mauna) se nirvikAra bhAvoM kI prApti honI cAhie, aMtaraMga meM dveSa aura dvandva ho aura bAhya meM mauna (saMvAdahInatA) ho, to yaha koI ucita samAdhAna nahIM hai| aise prasaMgoM meM jainAcAryoM ne bAhya mauna kI apekSA samatA ko prAthamikatA dene kA nirdeza diyA hai| kahA gayA hai - 'aNegachandA iha mANavehiM' arthAt isa saMsAra meM manuSyoM ke vicAra, zauka, jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 344 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #423
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ svabhAva, ruciyA~ Adi bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI hotI haiN| 14 ataH priya yA apriya donoM ko samabhAva se sahana karanA caahie| isake lie svAdhyAya kI sAdhanA apanAnI cAhie, kyoMki svAdhyAya sabhI viSayoM para prakAza DAlatA hai|115 isase hamArI galataphahamiyA~, krodha, ahaMkAra, asUyA Adi durbhAva vinaSTa ho jAte haiN| 176 kahA bhI gayA hai-"svAdhyAya karane se samasta duHkhoM, tanAvoM evaM azAnti se mukti mila jAtI hai| 177 vastutaH svAdhyAya vaha mAdhyama hai, jisase prApta samyagjJAna se Atma-zuddhi hotI hai aura yahI Atma-zuddhi samyak vacana-gupti (mauna) kA AdhAra hai| jIvana-vyavahAra meM mauna kA prayoga kahA~-kahA~ kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai| jainAcAryoM ne mUla meM deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para isakA nirNaya karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| zabda to kevala sRjana aura saMhAra karane meM samartha hotA hai, kintu mauna kA prabhAva zabda se bhI adhika gaharA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'bolane ke lie vANI cAhie, para cupa rahane ke lie vANI aura viveka donoM caahie| ataH kaba cupa rahanA hai, usa kSaNa ko jAna lenA bahuta mUlyavAn hai|178 kahA jA sakatA hai ki pragAr3ha cintana-manana karake hI vyakti ko 'bolane' athavA 'mauna rahane' kA nirNaya karanA caahie| phira bhI kuchaika aise prasaMga jIvana meM Ate haiM, jahA~ sAmAnya rUpa se mauna kA pAlana kiyA jAnA hI caahie| 'mata bolo aNagamatI vANI' - isa lekha meM sAdhaka ke vyaktitva meM nikhAra lAne ke lie mauna-prayoga ke lie yogya prasaMgoM ke nirdeza die gae haiM, jaise - 1) bhojana karate samaya 6) zmazAna bhUmi para 2) calate samaya 7) vANI kI priyatA bar3hAne ke lie 3) bar3o ke sAmane 8) samasyA ke samAdhAna pAne ke lie 4) sabhAsthaloM meM 9) roga-mukti ke lie 5) zayana se pUrva 10) smRti-vikAsa ke lie179 yadi uparyukta binduoM kI mImAMsA kI jAe, to Aja ke pariveza meM inakI upayogitA svataH siddha ho jAtI hai| bhojana karate hue bAteM karane se kaI bAra kyA khAne meM A rahA hai, isakA viveka nahIM raha paataa| yahA~ taka ki bhojana zvAsanalI meM bhI jA sakatA hai| calate-calate kaI loga Apasa meM athavA mobAIla para bAteM karate rahate haiM aura dhyAna cUkane se bar3I durghaTanAe~ ghaTita ho jAtI haiN| bar3e gurujana Adi jaba Apasa meM vArtA karate hoM athavA bhASaNa Adi karate hoM, to unake bIca meM bolane se hama aziSTa aura mUrkha kahalAte haiM aura kabhI-kabhI kopa ke bhAgI bhI bana jAte haiN| 180 bar3oM ke anuzAsana se kupita hone para vyakti aziSTa bhASA kA bhI prayoga kara letA hai, jisase bar3oM se prApta hone vAle jJAnAdi kI preraNA evaM mArgadarzana se vaMcita raha jAtA hai| 181 pravacana Adi sabhAsthaloM meM hamArA uddezya kevala zravaNa kA honA cAhie, lekina vahA~ para bhI yadi hama apanI bAteM zuru kara dete haiM, to isase na kevala upayogI viSayoM ke zravaNa se vaMcita raha jAte haiM, apitu dUsaroM ke kopabhAjana bana jAte haiN| zayana se pUrva vANI-vikalpoM kA vizrAma Avazyaka hai, aisA nahIM karane para rAtri meM niraMkuza adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana 345 41 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #424
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ghor3e ke samAna hamArI vicAra-taraMge pravAhita hotI hI rahatI haiN| zmazAna-bhUmi para jahA~ vairAgyavardhaka vAtAvaraNa hotA hai, vahA~ bhI mauna nahIM rakha pAnA vyakti kI saMkucita aura avyAvahArika mAnasikatA kA dyotaka hai| vAcAla vyakti isa galataphahamI meM rahatA hai ki adhika bolanA usake vyaktitva kI viziSTatA hai, lekina aksara vaha nindA aura upahAsa kA pAtra bana jAtA hai, usakI vANI kI priyatA samaya ke sAtha-sAtha ghaTatI jAtI hai| adhika aura lagAtAra bolane se vyakti kI cintanazIlatA, smaraNazakti, nirNaya kSamatA kA hrAsa hotA hai| khalIla jibrA ne kahA bhI hai - 'In much talking, thinking is half murdered' arthAt adhika bolane se vicAra adhamare ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra jIvana ke aise anekAneka prasaMga haiM, jahA~ sAmAnya rUpa se mauna rahanA hI zreyaskara hai|182 mauna meM sva-para kalyANa kI pAvana bhAvanA ko sAkAra karane kI bhI amogha zakti hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se kisI ne bailoM ke viSaya meM jaba pUchA - he mahAtman! kyA Apane mere bailoM ko jAte hue dekhA? bhagavAn mahAvIra cAhate to batA sakate the, lekina kisI prANI kI svataMtratA ko kyoMkara bAdhita karate, ataH mauna raha ge| yaha mauna sambandhI viveka kI preraka-ghaTanA hai|183 bhale hI mAraNAntika kaSTa sahanA par3e, lekina mauna ko nahIM chor3anA, yaha jainAcAryoM ke jIvana-caritra se sahaja hI jJAta hotA hai| aisI hI eka hRdayasparzI ghaTanA hai - metAryamuni kii| AhAra prApti ke Azaya se ve eka svarNakAra (sonI) ke ghara phuNce| vaha sonI tatkAla supAtradAna ke ullasita bhAvoM se bhItara ghara meM ghusaa| bAhara svarNanirmita jau ke dAne rakhe the| eka krauMca pakSI usI antarAla meM ur3ate hue vahA~ pahu~cA, jau ke dAne cuge aura sAmane eka per3a kI zAkhA para baiTha gyaa| vaha sonI munizrI ko bulAne ke lie jaise hI bAhara AyA, to use jau ke dAne nahIM dikhe| usI samaya zaMkA-kuzaMkA ke bAdala chA ge| lobhAndha hokara muni se pUchA - 'mere jau ke dAne kahA~ gae? muni ne koI javAba nahIM diyaa| unheM mAlUma thA ki 'yadi maineM batA diyA, to Aja krauMca pakSI kI mauta sunizcita hai|' mana meM niHsvArtha karuNA upajane lgii| muni mauna raha ge| muni ko pAkhaNDI cora jAnakara sonI ati Akroza meM A gayA aura eka gIle carma kA paTTA munizrI ke lalATa para bA~dha diyaa| pracaNDa dhUpa meM carma-paTTA sUkhane lgaa| paTTA jaise-jaise sUkhatA gayA, vaise-vaise sikur3atA gyaa| munizrI zAnta aura avicala rhe| sira kasatA gayA, asahya kaSTa hone lagA, lekina munizrI kA mauna nahIM TUTA aura samatA bhAva banA rhaa| kucha hI kSaNoM meM unakA prANAnta ho gyaa| itane meM eka lakar3ahArina udhara se lakar3I kA Dhera lekara niklii| vRkSa kI chAyA meM kucha dera vizrAma karane ke lie usane apanA gaTThara (bhArA) dhar3Ama se nIce rkhaa| jora se AvAja hone para vRkSa para baiThe krauMca pakSI ne bITa kara dii| bITa meM se jau ke dAne camakane lge| yaha dekhakara sonI kI A~khe phaTI kI phaTI raha gii| use apanI galatI kA ehasAsa hote dera nahIM lgii| kintu taba taka munirAja ke prANapakheru ur3a cuke the| dhanya haiM ve munirAja , jinhoMne dveSa meM Akara nahIM, apitu sva-para kalyANArtha mauna dhAraNa kiyA thaa|184 mauna kI jitanI sarAhanA kI jAe utanI kama hai| mauna mana ko zAnta karane kA sArvakAlika 42 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 346 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #425
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAdhana hai| lAotse ne to yahA~ taka kaha diyA ki jaise rotI huI cir3iyA ke lie ghoMsalA vizrAma-sthala hai, vaise hI azAnta evaM tanAvagrasta vyakti ke lie mauna vizrAma-sthala hai| mauna se vyakti ko Atmika AhlAda kI anubhUti bhI hotI hai| samaya-prabandhana karane ke lie bhI mauna atyAvazyaka hai| mauna kA abhyAsI kaI jhagar3oM-jhaMjhaToM se bhI apane Apa ko bacA letA hai aura vizeSa zAnti kA anubhava karatA hai| kaI bAra hameM yaha ehasAsa hotA hai ki 'yahA~ para maiM bolA hI kyoM? phAlatU rAI kA parvata bana gyaa'|185 jainAcAryoM ne mauna kI upAdeyatA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki 'mauna to AtmA kA sahaja svabhAva hai|' 186 jahA~ vacana-vyavahAra hai, vahA~ karma-bandhana hai aura jahA~ karma-bandhana hai, vahA~ saMsAra-paribhramaNa hai| ataH mauna karmabandhana se bacane kA sanmArga hai|187 isa prakAra mauna mAnava-jIvana kI vivazatA nahIM, varan mAnava-jIvana kA alaMkAra hai| yaha to vyakti ke vyaktitva ko tejasvI, ojasvI aura yazasvI banAtA hai| 6.6.7 vaktRtva ke sAtha zravaNakalA kA samyak samanvaya abhivyakti-prabandhana ke lie vaktRtvakalA ke sAtha-sAtha zravaNakalA kA vikAsa bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai| sahI DhaMga se zrotApane kA vikAsa kie binA samyak abhivyakti karanA bhI asambhava hai| vastutaH, kuzala zrotA hI kuzala vaktA bana sakatA hai| kuzala zrotA hI vaktA ke abhiprAya , vaktA kI kathanazailI aura tAtkAlika sandarbha ke AdhAra para zabda athavA kathana ke sahI artha ko samajha pAtA hai| yaha mAnyatA bhrAmaka hai ki abhivyakti-prabandhana ke lie kevala bolane kI kalA hI saba kucha hai| kisI dRSTi se to sunane kI kalA kA mahattva bolane kI kalA se bhI adhika hai, kyoMki vaktA kA Azaya samyak prakAra se samajhe binA hama apanI abhivyakti kI prastuti samyak prakAra se kaise kara sakeMge? kadApi nhiiN| ataH jainAcAryoM ne zabda athavA kathana ke sahI artha ko samajhane para atyadhika jora diyA hai| AvazyakatA hai ki hama sirpha vaktA ke zabdoM kI ora hI na jAe~, apitu vaktA ke abhiprAya ko bhI smjheN| udAharaNa ke lie 'padhArie' zabda bhAratIya saMskRti kA dyotaka aura ziSTa vyaktiyoM dvArA sAmAnya rUpa se prayukta kiyA jAne vAlA zabda hai, kintu isake do viziSTa prayoga haiM - pahalA 'Ane' ke artha meM aura dUsarA 'jAne' ke artha meN| yahA~ para donoM artha vilomArthI haiM, ataH sahI zrotA vahI hai, jo vaktA ke zabda kI ora hI nahIM jAe, balki usake sahI abhiprAya ko bhI smjhe| tabhI zrotA saphala evaM svastha saMpreSaNa meM sahayogI bana sakatA hai|188 ___yadi zrotA vaktA ke sahI abhiprAya ko samajhane meM bhUla karatA hai, to isase paraspara matabhinnatA evaM manabhinnatA paidA ho jAtI hai| yaha vartamAna yuga kI jvalanta samasyA hai| Aja isase hI pArivArika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya stara para galataphahamI, manomAlinya, manamuTAva, bikharAva evaM antataH vighaTana kI sthitiyA~ nirmita ho rahI haiN| bhAI-bhAI, pitA-putra, mA~-beTI, pati-patnI, sAsa-bahU, ar3osI-par3osI, guru-ziSya, svAmI-naukara Adi anekAneka nAjuka evaM nikaTa ke sambandhoM meM bhI AtmIyatA kA hrAsa ho rahA hai| paraspara svastha-saMvAda ke sthAna para vivAda athavA asaMvAda tUla pakar3a adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana 347 42 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #426
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rahe haiM, zravaNakalA ke abhAva meM paraspara sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA atikaThina hotA jA rahA hai| saMyukta parivAra to dUra kI bAta, Aja ekala parivAra meM bhI sAmaMjasya kI kamI hai, hara vyakti sirpha apanI hA~kanA cAhatA hai| use sirpha apanI bAta sunAne kI icchA hai, kintu dUsaroM kI bAtoM ko dhairya, vinamratA aura zAnti ke sAtha sunane meM ruci nahIM hai| yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki koI bhI vyakti kisI ko sunanA evaM samajhanA hI nahIM caahtaa| ghara ho yA kAryAlaya, zikSAlaya ho yA cikitsAlaya, korTa ho yA kotavAlI, saMsada ho yA vidhAnasabhA prAyaH sabhI ora isI samasyA kA Adhikya hai| spaSTa hai ki samyak zravaNakalA kA vikAsa karanA bhI abhivyakti-prabandhana kI eka mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatA hai| Age, zravaNakalA ke vikAsa se sambandhita siddhAntoM kI carcA jainadarzana ke AdhAra para kI jA rahI hai - jainadarzana meM naya aura nikSepa jainAcAryoM ne zabda yA kathana ke samyak abhiprAya ko samajhane ke lie 'naya' aura 'nikSepa' ke siddhAnta prastuta kie haiN| 189 ina siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para samyak artha nirdhAraNa karake hama apanI pratikriyAoM ko samyaktayA prastuta kara sakate haiN| pratikriyAoM athavA pratyuttaroM para samyak niyaMtraNa tabhI sambhava ho sakegA, jaba hama vaktA ke Azaya ko sahI DhaMga se smjheN| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'pahale taulo, phira bolo'|190 binA soce-vicAre kI gaI bAteM anartha kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiM aura taba rAI kA parvata banate dera nahIM lgtii| isa gahana samasyA kA eka hI samAdhAna hai aura vaha hai - anekAntavAda para AdhArita 'naya' aura 'nikSepa' ke siddhaant| (ka) naya - naya kA zAbdika artha hai - najariyA yA dRSTikoNa (Point of View) / dUsare prakAra se 'vakturabhiprAyo nayaH' arthAt vaktA ke abhiprAya ko naya kahate haiN|191 kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki jisa dRSTikoNa se vaktA kA kathana hotA hai, usI dRSTikoNa se zrotA kA zravaNa bhI honA cAhie arthAt samAna naya se saMpreSaNa (Communication) hone para matabhinnatA nahIM ho sakatI, pratyuta mataikya sthApita ho jAtA hai| yahI prabandhana kI dRSTi se naya-siddhAnta kA mahattva hai| zrotA ko cAhie ki vaha samyaka naya kA prayoga kara vaktA ke abhiprAya ko tAtkAlika sandarbha ke AdhAra para smjhe| kisI eka prasaMga ko lekara jitane vacana-vyavahAra (kathana karane kI zailiyA~) sambhava haiM, utane hI naya hote haiN|192 phira bhI moTe taura para jainAcAryoM ne sAta nayoM kA nirdeza diyA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM - 1) naigama naya193 - sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra, 'saMkalpamAtragrAhI naigamaH' arthAt naigamanaya kevala vaktA ke saMkalpa (sAdhya) ko grahaNa karatA hai|194 isa naya (dRSTikoNa) se kie jAne vAle kathanoM meM vaktA kI dRSTi vartamAna para nahIM hote hue bhUtakAlIna yA bhaviSyakAlIna kisI sAdhya para hotI hai, jaise - pratyeka caitra sudI terasa ke dina ko 'mahAvIra-jayantI' kahanA 'bhUta naigamanaya' haiM athavA cikitsA mahAvidyAlaya 44 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 348 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #427
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ meM adhyayanarata vidyArthI ko abhI se 'DaoNkTara' kahanA bhaviSya naigamanaya' hai| 2) saMgrahanaya195 - vyaSTi (vyakti) ko gauNa karake samaSTi ko kathana kA AdhAra banAnA saMgrahanaya kA kArya hai| Azaya yaha hai ki isa naya meM vyakti kI upekSA karake jAti yA samUha ke AdhAra para kathana kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie bhAratIya garIba haiM' aisA kathana vyaktivizeSa para lAgU na hokara sAmAnyarUpa se bhAratIya janasamAja ko iMgita karatA hai| yadi koI yaha niSkarSa nikAle ki mukeza ambAnI yA jamazedajI TATA bhAratIya haiM, ataH ve bhI garIba haiM, to yaha usa zrotA kI zravaNa-kalA kA doSa hai, kyoMki usane vaktA ke abhiprAya (naya) ko samyak rUpa se nahIM smjhaa| vastutaH, kathana sAmAnya kA sUcaka thA, kintu usane vyaktivizeSa para lAgU kara diyA, jo doSapUrNa hai| 3) vyavahAra naya196 - ise vyaktipradhAna dRSTikoNa bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki yaha naya samagratA kI upekSA karake vaiyaktikatA para jora detA hai| isa naya ke dvArA samaSTi ke bajAya vyaSTi ke sandarbha meM niSkarSa evaM kathana kie jAte haiN| udAharaNataH, pratyeka AtmA ko samAna kahanA yaha saMgrahanaya kA viSaya hai, jabaki avasthA ke AdhAra para kisI AtmA ko saMsArI aura kisI AtmA ko mukta kahanA, yaha vyavahAra naya kA viSaya hai| zrotA ko cAhie ki vyavahAra naya se kie gae kathana ko saMgraha naya se samajhane kI bhUla na kare aura na hI vyavahAra naya ko ekAnta se svIkAra kara anya nayoM kA pUrNa niSedha kre| sAtha hI, vyavahAra naya kathana ke zabdArtha para na jAkara vaktA kI bhAvanA yA lokaparamparA ko pramukhatA detA hai|197 udAharaNataH, 'jAo, pAnI kI TaMkI khAlI kara do'| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki TaMkI to sImeMTa kI hai, lekina cUMki usameM pAnI bharA jAtA hai, ataH lokavyavahAra meM pAnI kI TaMkI' kahI jAtI hai| zrotA ko cAhie ki vaha vaktA ke abhiprAya ko mahattva de, na ki zabdoM ko| 4) RjusUtranaya - yaha naya vartamAna sthitiyoM ko hI dRSTi meM rakhakara koI kathana karatA hai| 198 udAharaNa ke lie bhAratIya vyApArI prAmANika nahIM haiM' - yaha kathana kevala vartamAna sandarbha meM hI satya ho sakatA hai| isa kathana ke AdhAra para hama bhUtakAlIna yA bhaviSyakAlIna bhAratIya vyApAriyoM ke caritra kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kara skte|199 vastutaH yahA~ zrotA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki jo vAkya jisa kAla ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai, usake artha kA nizcaya bhI usI kAla ke sandarbha meM honA caahie| 5) zabdanaya 200 - zabdanaya yaha batAtA hai ki zabdoM kA vAcyArtha unakI kriyA, vibhakti, kAla, kAraka , liMga, vacana, upasarga, virAma Adi ke AdhAra para bhinna-bhinna ho sakatA hai|201 udAharaNa ke lie, 'rAma ne bhejA' aura 'rAma ko bhejA' kA vAcyArtha eka nahIM hai, kyoMki prathama vAkya meM rAma vaha vyakti hai, jo kisI ko bhejatA hai tathA dvitIya vAkya meM koI dUsarA vyakti rAma ko bhejatA hai| ataH zrotA ko pUrI ekAgratA ke sAtha kathana kA zravaNa kara kriyA, vibhakti, kAla Adi ke AdhAra para kathana ke abhiprAya ko samIcIna DhaMga se samajhanA cAhie, tAki artha kA anartha na ho| 349 adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana 46 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #428
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6) samabhirUDhanaya02 - yaha naya eka hI vastu ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM ko vyutpatti kI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna artha kA sUcaka mAnatA hai| 203 udAharaNArtha, rAjA, nRpa, bhUpati Adi ekArthaka zabdoM ke bhI yaha naya alaga-alaga artha karatA hai, jaise - rAjacihnoM se zobhita 'rAjA', manuSyoM kA pAlana karane vAlA 'nRpa', aura bhUmi kA svAmI 'bhUpati' kahalAtA hai| zrotA ko cAhie ki vaha samabhirUr3hanaya se prayukta kathana athavA zabda kA vizleSaNa vyutpatti-labhya artha ke AdhAra para kare, jisase vaha vaktA ke Azaya ko samucita DhaMga se samajha ske| 7) evaMbhUtanaya204 - yaha naya zabda ke vAcyArtha kA nirdhAraNa usakI vartamAnakAlika kriyA ke AdhAra para karatA hai| yaha zabda kA vyutpatti-siddha artha bhI tabhI svIkAra karatA hai, jaba tadanurUpa kriyA ghaTita ho rahI ho| udAharaNataH, koI rAjA jisa samaya rAjadaNDa, chatra, ca~vara Adi rAjacihnoM se suzobhita ho, usI samaya use rAjA kahA jA sakatA hai| eka adhyApaka jisa samaya adhyApana kArya kara rahA ho, tabhI adhyApaka kahA jA sakatA hai| saphala zrotA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha evaMbhUtanaya dvArA prayukta zabda ko usI sandarbha meM samyak prakAra se grahaNa kre| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jainadarzana kA yaha naya-siddhAnta vAkya-saMracanA, vaktA kI zailI aura tAtkAlika sandarbho ke AdhAra para vaktA ke abhiprAya ko samajhane kA sahI mAdhyama hai|205 (kha) nikSepa206 - jainadarzana meM yadi vAcyArtha kA samyak nirdhAraNa karane ke lie naya-siddhAnta hai, to zabdavizeSa ke artha kA samyaka nirdhAraNa karane hetu nikSepa-siddhAnta hai| anya prakAra se kaheM to sandarbha ke AdhAra para zabda ke artha kA nizcaya karane ko nikSepa kahate haiN| kahA bhI gayA hai ki zabda ke aprastuta artha kA niSedha kara prastuta artha kA nirUpaNa jisake dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, vahI nikSepa hai|207 nikSepa kA hI apara nAma 'nyAsa' hai| paM. sukhalAlajI ke anusAra, "samasta vyavahAra yA jJAna ke lena-dena kA mukhya sAdhana bhASA hai| bhASA zabdoM se banatI hai| eka hI zabda prayojana yA prasaMga ke anusAra aneka arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| pratyeka zabda ke kama se kama cAra artha milate haiN| ye cAroM hI usa zabda ke artha-sAmAnya ke cAra vibhAga haiM, jinheM nikSepa yA nyAsa kahate haiN| inheM jAna lene para hI vaktA kA sahI Azaya samajhA jA sakatA hai| 208 ye cAra nikSepa isa prakAra haiM - 1) nAma, 2) sthApanA, 3) dravya aura 4) bhaav|209 1) nAmanikSepa210 - loka-vyavahAra ke prayojana se kisI kA nAmakaraNa karanA hI nAmanikSepa kahalAtA hai| isa nAmakaraNa kI prakriyA meM na to nAma ke anurUpa guNoM kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai aura na hI usake lokapracalita artha kaa| yaha to kevala kisI vyakti, vastu, sthAna, kAla, ghaTanA athavA bhAva kI pahacAna ke lie rakhA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, kisI Darapoka vyakti kA nAma bhI bahAdura siMha 46 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 350 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #429
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rakhA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra, kabhI yaha nAmakaraNa anya arthoM meM pracalita zabdoM, jaise - ravi, zazi, chAyA, indra Adi se kiyA jA sakatA hai, to kabhI yaha nAmakaraNa apracalita zabdoM, jaise - riMkU, piMkU, monu tathA Tonu Adi se bhI kara diyA jAtA hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki nAma-nikSepa meM koI bhI zabda paryAyavAcI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki isameM eka zabda se eka hI artha kA grahaNa hotA hai| zrotA ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha nAma zravaNa karake niyata vastu ko samajha sake aura vyutpattiparaka artha ke anurUpa hI nAma ho, aisA matAgraha na rkhe| 2) sthApanAnikSepa11 - kisI anupasthita padArtha ko upasthita padArtha ke mAdhyama se samajhanA sthApanAnikSepa kahalAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki kisI vastu kI pratikRti, mUrti yA citra meM usa mUlabhUta vastu kA AropaNa kara use usa nAma se abhihita karanA sthApanAnikSepa hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie gAya kI AkRti ke khilaune ko gAya kahanA, kRSNa kI pratimA ko kRSNa kahanA aura nATaka meM rAma, rAvaNa Adi kA abhinaya karane vAle pAtroM ko rAma, rAvaNa Adi khnaa| yaha sthApanA do prakAra kI hotI hai - tadAkAra evaM atdaakaar| mUla vastu kI AkRti jaisI hai, vaisI hI AkRti vAlI vastu meM usa mUla vastu kA AropaNa karanA 'tadAkAra sthApanAnikSepa' kahalAtA hai, jaise - bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mAnavAkAra mUrti ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kahanA aadi| jo vastu apanI mUla vastu kI pratikRti to nahIM hai, phira bhI usameM mUla-vastu kA AropaNa karanA 'atadAkAra sthApanAnikSepa' kahalAtA hai, jaise - zataraMja kI moharoM ko hAthI, ghor3A, rAjA yA vajIra kahanA aadi| zrotA ko cAhie ki vaha na to sthApanA ko mUla-vastu mAnane kI bhUla kare aura na sthApanAnikSepa kA sarvathA niSedha kre| sahI zrotA mUla vastu ko samajhane ke lie sthApanAnikSepa ko sAdhana ke rUpa meM prayoga kare, yahI ucita hai, kyoMki sthApanAnikSepa mUlavastu ko samajhane kA sazakta dRzyamAna mAdhyama hai| 3) dravyanikSepa12 - vastu kI bhUtakAlIna athavA bhaviSyakAlIna avasthA ko vartamAna meM bhI usI nAma se pahacAnanA dravyanikSepa kahalAtA hai, jaise - sevAnivRtta adhyApaka ko 'mAsTarajI' kahanA athavA vartamAna meM vakAlata kI zikSA grahaNa kara rahe vidyArthI ko 'vakIla sAhaba' kahanA ityaadi| zrotA ko cAhie ki vaktA dvArA prayukta dravyanikSepa ko vastu kI vartamAnakAlIna avasthA mAnane kI bhUla na kre| vaha dravyanikSepa kA prayoga prayojana ke anusAra kare, jisase vastu ke bhUta athavA bhaviSya ko AdhAra banAkara vastu kI sahI samajha vikasita kI jA ske| 4) bhAvanikSepa13 - jisa sthiti meM vastu vartamAna meM vidyamAna hai, use vaisA hI kahanA, bhAvanikSepa kahalAtA hai, jaise - sevAkArya meM rata vyakti ko sevaka khnaa| samyak zrotA ke lie yaha ucita hai ki vaha bhAvanikSepa se nirupita vastu ko vartamAna avasthA meM tadanurUpa hI smjhe| vastutaH, nAma, sthApanA aura dravyanikSepa to mUla vastu ko samajhane ke lie sAdhanarUpa hai, jabaki bhAvanikSepa sAdhyarUpa hai| samyak zrotA sAdhanarUpa tInoM nikSepoM kA zravaNa karake sAdhya rUpa vastu ko bhAvanikSepa se samajha letA hai aura 351 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana 47 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #430
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ apane prayojana kI siddhi kara letA hai| 14 DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ke anusAra, vaktA ke abhiprAya athavA prasaMga ke anurUpa zabda ke vAcyArtha ko grahaNa karane ke lie nikSepa-siddhAnta kA bodha honA Avazyaka hai| eka hI zabda athavA kathana prasaMgAnusAra apane cAra arthoM ko prastuta karatA hai| 'rAjA' zabda kabhI rAjA nAmadhArI vyakti kA vAcaka hotA hai, to kabhI rAjA kA abhinaya karane vAle pAtra kA vAcaka bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra, kabhI vaha bhI bhUtakAlIna rAjA kA vAcaka hotA hai, to kabhI vaha vartamAna meM zAsana karane vAle vyakti kA vAcaka bhI hotA hai| nikSepa kA siddhAnta yaha batAtA hai ki hameM kisI zabda ke vAcyArtha kA nirdhAraNa usake kathana evaM prasaMga ke anurUpa hI karanA cAhie anyathA artha kA anartha hote dera nahIM lgtii| nikSepa kA siddhAnta zabda ke vAcyArtha ke samyaka nirdhAraNa kA siddhAnta hai, jo ki jaina-dArzanikoM kI apanI eka vizeSatA hai|15 isa prakAra, naya evaM nikSepa ke siddhAnta zrotA evaM vaktA ke madhya samyak sAmaMjasya sthApita karane ke lie anupama sAdhana hai| jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa kahA hai - zrotA ko cAhie ki vaha vAcyArtha kA samyak nirdhAraNa karane ke lie zabdArtha, nayArtha, matArtha, AgamArtha evaM bhAvArtha - ina pA~coM kA samyak prayoga kare (dekheM adhyAya 03) / 216 artha kA ucita vizleSaNa karane ke pazcAt hI zrotA vaktA kI bhASika-abhivyakti kA samyak artha samajha sakatA hai| ataH zravaNakalA kA vikAsa karanA arthAt vaktA ke zabda yA kathana ke samyak artha kA nirdhAraNa karanA abhivyakti-prabandhana ke lie nIMva ke patthara ke samAna atimahattvapUrNa hai| isa prakAra, abhivyakti-prabandhana ke viziSTa pahaluoM kI vistRta carcA isa adhyAya meM kI gii| kahA jA sakatA hai ki bolane aura sunane kI kalA kA samyak samanvaya hI abhivyakti-prabandhana hai| isa hetu jainAcAryoM dvArA nirdiSTa siddhAntoM kA anupAlana kara vyakti kathana evaM artha kA ucita nirdhAraNa karake samyak sampreSaNa karatA huA jIvana meM zAnti aura Ananda kI cirasthAyI prApti kara sakatA hai| =====4.>===== 48 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 352 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #431
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6. 7 bhASika - abhivyakti - prabandhana : prAyogika adhyayana isa prakAra, hamane dekhA ki vyAvahArika jIvana meM suvyavasthita, santulita evaM samIcIna vANI vyavahAra ke lie jainAcAryoM ne anekAneka siddhAnta evaM nirdeza die haiN| inakA yathAzakti paripAlana kara jIvana ko adhika Anandamaya evaM unnata banAyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ para udAharaNasvarUpa eka prArUpa (Model) prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai, jisakA pAlana karake koI bhI vyakti apanA abhivyakti -prabandhana saphalatApUrvaka kara sakatA hai 1) gAlI-galauja yukta apazabdoM kA prayoga nahIM karanA / 2) 'tU' ke sthAna para 'tuma' kA aura sambhava ho to 'Apa' kA prayoga karanA / cAhe vyakti umra, pada, zikSA, sampannatA, prasiddhi, pratibhA evaM pratiSThA meM nimna kyoM na ho, usake sAtha apamAnajanaka evaM tucchatApUrNa vANI-vyavahAra kataI nahIM karanA, ulTA ucita sammAna evaM protsAhana dekara usakA vizvAsa jItanA / 4) jora-jora se nahIM bolanA / 5) ati nahIM bolanA / 6) amaryAdita ha~sI-majAka nahIM karanA, balki vyaktitva ko gambhIra banAnA / 7) azuddha uccAraNa, punarukti doSa, tIvra gati se bolane evaM aspaSTa bolane se bacanA / 8) kisI ko bhI DarAne-dhamakAne vAlI abhadra vANI kA prayoga nahIM karanA, jaise hAtha-paira tor3a dU~gA, jabAna khIMca lU~gA, tujhe dekha lU~gA, jAna mAra DAlU~gA, haDDI-pasalI tor3a dU~gA ityAdi / - 9) kisI para bhI vyaMgya nahIM kasanA / 10) prArthanA evaM yAcanA hetu Adara sUcaka zabdoM kA prayoga avazya karanA, jaise - jarA apanA pena denA kyA Apa apanA pena deMge? i) ii) azuddha zuddha iii) Would you give me your pen, please? zuddha 11) nivedanavAcI vAkyoM ko AjJAvAcI athavA sUcanAvAcI zailI meM prayoga nahIM karanA, jaise i) pitAjI! maiM Aja ghUmane jAU~gA pitAjI! kyA maiM Aja ghUmane jAU~? Papa! May I go for outing today? 353 ii) tuma Aja merA kAma kara denA kyA Apa Aja merA kAma kara deMge? Will you please complete my 12) kArya - pUrti ke pazcAt AbhAra vyakta karanA, work today? jaise adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only azuddha zuddha zuddha azuddha zuddha zuddha -- 49
Page #432
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ i) dhanyavAda Thanks. ii) bahuta-bahuta dhanyavAda Thanks a lot. 13) anyoM ke dvArA AbhAra yA dhanyavAda jJApita karane para ziSTatApUrvaka pratyuttara denA, jaise - i) yaha mere lie bahuta khuzI kI bAta hai| It's my pleasure. ___ii) ApakA hamezA svAgata hai| You're always welcome. iii) atyanta khuzI huii| With great pleasure. 14) svayaM ke dvArA galatI hone para tatkAla kSamAyAcanA karanA, jaise - i) micchA mi dukkar3a I'm sorry. ii) mujhe mApha kIjiegA Please forgive me/I beg your pardon. iii) kSamAprArthI hU~ I'm sorry. 15) anyoM ke dvArA galatI kI kSamAyAcanA karane para ziSTatApUrvaka pratyuttara denA, jaise - i) koI bAta nahIM It's O.K. ii) vicAra mata kIjiegA Mention not / Never mind 16) mulAkAta hone para Agantuka kA ziSTatApUrvaka abhivAdana karanA, jaise - i) jaya jinendra Jai Jinendra ii) praNAma/namaste/vaNakkam I salute you. iii) vaMdAmi/vaMde I pay an obeisance. iv) matthaeNa vaMdAmi I bow my head. v) suprabhAta/zubha sandhyA Good morning / Good evening vi) zubha rAtri/zubha divasa Good night / Good day vii) ApakI sukhasAtA hai? How do you do? or How are you? viii) ApakA svAgata hai| You're welcome ix) padhArie Please come / Welcome 17) kisI ke dvArA abhivAdana karane para ucita pratyuttara denA, jaise - i) jaya jinendra Jai Jinendra ii) praNAma/namaste/vaNakkam I too salute you iii) suprabhAta/zubha sandhyA Good morning / Good evening iv) zubha rAtri/zubha divasa Good night / Good day v) jI hA~, bilkula svastha huuN| Oh yes, I'm fine/alright 50 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 354 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #433
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 18) vidA hote samaya athavA vidAI dete samaya abhivAdana karanA nahIM bhUlanA, jaise - i) punaH mileNge| See you ii) kRpayA punaH avazya pdhaariegaa| Please do come again / Please visit again iii) alavidA Bye-bye/Good bye 19) prasaMgAnukUla preraka kathana kA prayoga kara dUsaroM ke lie zubhakAmanA preSita kara unakA manobala bar3hAnA, jaise - i) khUba-khUba badhAI ho! Many many congratulations! ii) dIrghAyu ho! May you live long! ii) khuza raho! Be happy! iv) khUba unnati karo! May you progress a lot! v) ApakA bhAgya uttama ho! Best of luck/Good luck! vi) svAsthya para dhyAna diijiegaa| Please take care of your health. vii) mAtA-pitA kA dhyAna rkhnaa| Please look after your parents. viii) saphalatA arjita kro| Be successful. 20) sambodhanavAcI zabdoM kA soca-vicArakara ucita prayoga karanA evaM anucita prayoga se bacanA, bhale hI vaha satya kyoM na ho, jaise - andhe ko andhA, bahare ko baharA, paMgu ko lUlA-laMgar3A, bhikhArI ko bhikhArI, naukara ko naukara, pAgala ko pAgala, kRSNavarNIya ko kAliyA, lambe ko lambU Adi nahIM khnaa| kahA bhI gayA hai17 - dInA-ndha-paMgu-badhirA nopahAsyA kadAcana arthAt nirdhana, andha, paMgu tathA badhira manuSyoM kA upahAsa nahIM karanA caahie| 21) kisI kI nindA kara apane samaya, sAmarthya, saMskAra evaM samajha kA durupayoga nahIM krnaa| 22) kalaha karane se bacanA athavA na bacA jAe, to kalahotpAdaka vAtAvaraNa se dUra ho jaanaa| 23) apanI chavi nikhArane athavA dUsare kI chavi bigAr3ane ke lie usakI gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa nahIM krnaa| 24) svArthapUrti ke lie kisI para bhI jhUThA kalaMka evaM doSAropaNa nahIM krnaa| 25) deza-videza kI anAvazyaka carcAoM se bcnaa| 26) vijAtIya strI yA purUSa ke saundarya, zRMgAra, prasAdhana, paridhAna, cAla-DhAla evaM hAva-bhAva kI ___ anAvazyaka carcAoM meM apane saMskAroM kA divAlA nahIM nikaalnaa| 27) bhojana sambandhI anAvazyaka carcAoM meM apanA bahumUlya samaya vyartha nahIM gNvaanaa| 28) bAta-bAta meM apane atIta ke saMsmaraNoM kA ullekha karane kI Adata se bcnaa| 29) bAta-bAta meM apanI AtmaprazaMsA evaM paranindA karane kI Adata kA tyAga krnaa| 355 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #434
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 30) apane se bar3oM ke bIca meM nahIM bolnaa| 31) do sajjana purUSoM ke bIca meM nahIM bolnaa| 32) kisI ke bhI sAtha kutarka nahIM krnaa| 33) apane se choToM/bar3oM ke kAma-kAja meM anAvazyaka roka-Toka evaM pratibandha nahIM lgaanaa| 34) apane se choToM/bar3oM ke kAryoM meM anAvazyaka galatiyA~ nahIM nikaalnaa| 35) karkaza evaM kaThora zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM karane ke lie sadaiva sajaga rhnaa| 36) cApalUsIpUrNa zailI meM bAtacIta nahIM krnaa| 37) pratidina eka nizcita kAla taka mauna dhAraNa krnaa| 38) mauna-kAla ko chor3akara zeSa samaya meM mitabhASI banane kA abhyAsa karanA, jaise - i) mitra ke sAtha bAtacIta karane meM ii) grAhaka ke sAtha bAtacIta karane meM iii) vikretA ke sAtha bAtacIta karane meM iv) par3osI ke sAtha bAtacIta karane meM v) mehamAna ke sAtha bAtacIta karane meM vi) TelIphona/mobAIla (dUrabhASa) para bAtacIta karane meM vii) parijana ke sAtha bAtacIta karane meM ityaadi| 39) mitabhASitA ke abhyAsa ke lie bArambAra viSayAnurUpa bolane kA abhyAsa krnaa| 40) mitabhASitA hetu samayasImA meM apanI bAtacIta evaM vaktavya ko pUrNa karane ke lie tatpara rhnaa| 41) adhika vAkyoM meM kathanIya viSaya ko alpa vAkyoM meM evaM alpa vAkyoM meM kathanIya viSaya ko kuchaika binduoM athavA zabdoM ke dvArA prastuta karane kA prayatna krnaa| 42) sthUla asatya kA pUrNa tyAga karanA evaM sUkSma asatya kA tyAga karane kI pUrNa bhAvanA rkhnaa| 43) upakArI, sahacArI evaM AdaraNIya janoM ke samakSa jhUTha kA bilkula bhI prayoga nahIM karanA, jaise - mAtA-pitA, gurujana, putra-putrI, pati-patnI Adi se bAtacIta karate samaya ityaadi| yadi uparyukta binduoM ko jIvana meM eka sAtha AtmasAt kiyA jAe, to ati uttama, kintu yadi na ho sake, to bhI pratisaptAha athavA pratimAha eka-eka bindu kI abhivRddhi karate jAnA caahie| ===== ===== 52 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 356 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #435
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.8 niSkarSa __saMpreSaNa yA abhivyakti vaha prakriyA hai, jisameM eka vyakti apane vicAroM, sUcanAoM, bhAvanAoM evaM anubhUtiyoM ko isa prakAra prastuta karatA hai ki dUsare usake jJAna evaM anubhUti meM sahabhAgI bana skeN| yaha abhivyakti zArIrika evaM bhASika ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI hai| manuSya ke sAmudAyika jIvana kI saphalatA mukhyatayA sampreSaNa yA abhivyakti ke kauzala para hI nirbhara karatI hai| yadyapi zArIrika-abhivyakti kI apanI upayogitA hai, phira bhI saTIkatA, spaSTatA evaM sugamatA ke kAraNa bhASika-abhivyakti ke viziSTa mahattva se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| manuSya meM bhASika-abhivyakti kI sarvAdhika vikasita kSamatA hai, phira bhI vaha isa kSamatA kA adhikAMzatayA durupayoga hI karatA rahatA hai| vaha vikathA, Atma-prazaMsA, hAsya, mukharatA, mRSAvAda, mAyA-mRSAvAda Adi asaMyamita vAk vyavahAra meM ulajha jAtA hai| isake aneka duSpariNAma prakaTa hote haiM, jaise - zArIrika evaM mAnasika zakti kA hrAsa, prANa-zakti kA apavyaya, zArIrika rogoM ko AmaMtraNa, bhAvAtmaka kamajoriyoM kI abhivRddhi, dhArmika evaM naitika saMskAroM meM girAvaTa, ekAkIpana kI nirAzA aadi| bhASika-abhivyakti ke durupayoga se bacane ke lie vyakti ko AvazyakatA hai - bhASika-abhivyakti-prabandhana kii| isase vyakti meM yaha viveka vikasita ho jAtA hai ki maiM kyA bolU~, kisase bolU~, kitanA bolU~, kyoM boleM, kaba bolU~, kisa taraha se bolU~ ityaadi| isa hetu jainadarzana meM bhASA-gupti evaM bhASA-samiti ke upayogI sUtroM kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| bhASA-gupti ke mAdhyama se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jahA~ AvazyakatA na ho, vahA~ mauna rahanA cAhie aura bhASA-samiti ke mAdhyama se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jahA~ AvazyakatA ho, vahA~ bhI hita, mita, priya evaM niravadya bhASA kA prayoga hI karanA caahie| abhivyakti-prabandhana ke antargata vaktRtva kalA ke sAtha-sAtha zravaNa kalA kA vikAsa karanA bhI atyAvazyaka hai| isa hetu jainadarzana meM anekAntavAda para AdhArita naya aura nikSepa ke siddhAnta pratipAdita kiye gae haiM, jo vaktA ke abhiprAya ko samyaktayA samajhane ke uttama sAdhana haiN| inakA samyak prayoga karanA pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka kA parama kartavya hai| ataH use niyamabaddha hokara inakA abhyAsa karanA caahie| =====< >===== 357 adhyAya 6 : abhivyakti-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #436
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6.9 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| kra. prazna uttara sandarbha pR. kra. 4) kyA 18 vikalpa- alpa-0 ThIka-(c) acchA-(r) bahuta acchA-@ pUrNa-- 1) kyA Apa abhivyakti ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? 2) kyA Apa jIvana meM abhivyakti ko mahattva dete haiM? 3) kyA Apa asaMyamita bhASA kI abhivyakti ke duSpariNAmoM ko jAnate haiM? kyA Apa naya-nikSepa ke siddhAntoM ko jAnate haiM? vikalpa- hamezA-0 aksara- kabhI-kabhI-OM kadAcita- kabhI nahIM5) kyA Apa bhASA kI abhivyakti kA durupayoga karate haiM? 6) kyA Apa apriya vacana kA upayoga karate haiM? 7) kyA Apa hiMsaka zabdoM kA prayoga karate haiM? 8) kyA Apa kisI para vyaMgya kasate haiM yA kisI kI majAka ur3Ate haiM? 9) kyA Apa nindA/jhUThA doSAropaNa/kAna bharanA/kalaha/cugalakhorI karate haiM? 10) kyA Apa pArasparika manamuTAva meM mauna ho jAte haiM? 11) kyA Apa avaktavya satya-bhASA bolate haiM? 12) kyA Apa anAcIrNa vyavahAra-bhASA bolate haiM? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcit- kabhI-kabhI-9 aksara-9 hamezA-7 13) kyA Apa asaMvAda (mauna) evaM atisaMvAda (vAcAlatA) para samyak niyaMtraNa rakhate haiM? 14) kyA Apa bhASA-samiti kA pAlana karate haiM? 15) kyA Apase jo pUchA jAe, usakA javAba sahI dete haiM? 16) kyA Apa AvazyakatAnusAra bolate haiM? 17) kyA Apa galatI hone para kSamAyAcanA karate haiM? 18) kyA Apa ziSTatApUrNa vyavahAra karate haiM? 19) kyA Apa mauna ke yogya sthAna para mauna rahate haiM? 20) kyA Apa bolane aura sunane meM santulana rakhate haiM? -36 praya / kula kula 0-2021-4041-60 61-80 81-100 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara alpatama 54 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 358 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #437
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 1 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 1 2 prabaMdhana ke siddhAMta evaM vyavahAra, DaoN. jI. DI. zarmA, pR. 424 3 vANIsampreSaNa, DaoN. haMsarAja pAla, pR. 3 4 prabaMdhana ke siddhAMta evaM vyavahAra, DaoN. jI.DI. zarmA, pR. 425 5 vahI, pR. 425 6 vahI, pR. 425 7 vahI, pR. 426 8 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina. pra. 1 9 prajJApanAsUtra, 11/869, pR. 72 10 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajI bhAI dozI, 5/24, pR. 346 11 bhASAlakSaNo dvividhaH sAkSaro'nakSarazceti -- sarvArthasiddhi 5/24/572, pR. 224 12 adhyAtmavidyA, A. mahAprajJa, pR. 129 13 vANIsampreSaNa, DaoN. haMsarAja pAla, pR. 1 14 vahI, pR. 1 15 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 1 16 vahI, pR. 1 17 tattvArthasUtra, 5/21 18 vANIsampreSaNa, DaoN. haMsarAja pAla, pR. 1 19 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 1 20 bolane sunane kI kalA, DaoN. zItalA mizra, pR. 4 21 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 1 22 bolane sunane kI kalA, DaoN. zItalA mizra, pR. 9 23 vahI pR. 5 24 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, pR. 34 25 vahI, pR. 34 26 bolane sunane kI kalA, DaoN. zItalA mizra, pR. 6 27 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, pR. 35 28 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/2/241 29 tatvArthasUtra 6/24 30 sthAnAMgasUtra, 9 / 69 31 vahI, 1/91-108 359 32 jIvana kI muskAna, (dvitIya mahApuSpa), DaoN priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 58 33 sthAnAMgasUtra, 6/102 34 dazavaikAlikasUtra 6/12 35 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 1/2, pR. 50 36 na kayA vi maNeNa pAvaeNNaM pAvagaM kiMcivi jhAyavvaM / pAviyAe pAvagaM na kiMcivi vaIe bhAsiyavvaM / - dazavaikAlikapUrNi, 2/1, pR. 178 37 prajJApanAsUtra, 11/900, pR. 93 38 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/6/5/2 39 annaM bhAsai annaM kareI ta musAvAo nizIthacUrNI, 3988 40 jIvana kI muskAna (dvitIya mahApuSpa), DaoN. priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 58 41 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, pR. 35 42 vahI, pR. 36 43 zrIpAlacaritra, paM. kAzInAtha jaina, pR. 169 44 kalpasUtra, A.AnaMdasAgarajI ma.sA., pR. 44 45 bolane sunane kI kalA, DaoN. zItalA mizra, pR. 1 46 aNuviyi viyAgare - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/9/25 47 adhyAtmavidyA, A. mahAprajJa, pR. 126 48 vahI, pR. 125 49 prajJApanAsUtra, 11/866, pR. 69 tato 50 puvviM buddhIe pAsettA, acakkhuo va neyAraM, buddhimanne vyavahArabhASya, pIThikA, 76 vakkamudAhare / girA / / 51 yogazAstra, 1/37 52 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, sae pR. 36 53 vahI. pU. 35 54 dazavaikAlikasUtra 9/3/7 55 AcArAMgasUtra 2/1/1/6/2 56 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/2/2/1 57 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana pR. 36 58 manusmRti, 4/138 59 vRndasatasaI, 100 (hindIsUkti- saMdarbhakoza, maho candraprabhasAgara, pU. 174 se uddhRta) For Personal & Private Use Only 55
Page #438
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 60 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/9/27 86 saya sayaM pasaMsaMtA, garahaMtA paraM vayaM / 61 adhyAtmavidyA, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 129 te u tattha viussanti, saMsAraM te viussiyaa|| 62 manusmRti, 6/47 - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/1/2/23 63 vahI, 6/48 87 vibhajjavAdaM ca viyAgarejjA - vahI, 1/14/22 64 adhyAtmavidyA, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 130 88 aDhe parihAyatI bahu, ahigaraNaM na karejja paMDie 65 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/4/596 - vahI, 1/2/2/9 66 vahI, 4/4/596 89 vayasA vi ege buiyA kuppaMti mANavA 67 no tucchae no ya vikathatijjA - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/5/4/2 - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/14/21 90 vahI, 2/15/130, pR. 416 68 bRhadkalpabhASya, 6092 91 vuccamANo na saMjale - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/9/31 69 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, 92 na ya vuggAhiyaM kahaM kahijjA pR. 35 - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 10/10 70 subhAsiyAe bhAsAe, sukaDeNa ya kmmunnaa| 93 dujjaNavayaNa caDakkaM, NiThura kaDuyaM sahati sappurisA pajjaNNe kAlavAsI vA, jasaM tu abhigcchti|| - bhAvaprAbhRta, 105 - RSibhASita, 33/4 94 amolasUktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, 39/32 71 vaijja buddhe hiyamANulomiyaM 95 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 7/56 pR. 35, 72 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, 96 sthAnAMgasUtra, 6/102 pR. 36 97 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/14/23 73 bhAsiyavvaM hiyaM saccaM - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/27 98 jIvana kI muskAna (dvitIya mahApuSpa), 74 jaina bhAratI (patrikA), aprela, 2003, zabda : sRjana bhI, saMhAra DaoN.priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 58 bhI, pR. 46 99 nAivela vaejjA - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/14/25 75 vahI, disaMbara, 2002, bhASA aura hiMsA, pR. 26 100 vahI, 1/9/25 76 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/9/29 101 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, 77 na yAvi panne parihAsa kujjA pR. 35 - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/14/19 102 vahI, akTUbara, 2002, mata bolo aNagamatI vANI, 78 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 2/2 pR. 50 79 aha'seyakarI annesiM iMkhiNI 103 vIraprabhu ke vacana, ramaNalAla cI. zAha, 1/13/121 - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/2/2/1 104 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/4 80 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 373 105 laghusiddhAMtakaumudI, a. 1 81 na ya pAvaparikkhevI, na ya mittesu kuppii| 106 bolane sunane kI kalA, DaoN.zItalA mizra, pR. 38 appiyassAvi mittassa, rahe kallANa bhaasii|| 107 bahuyaM mA ya Alave - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/10 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 11/12 108 dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 211 82 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/9/26 109 caraNapaDivattiheuM dhammakahA - oghaniyuktibhASya, 7 83 vIraprabhu ke vacana, ramaNalAla cI. zAha, 1/3/38 110 vayaNaM viNNANaphalaM, jai taM bhaNie'vi natthi kiM teNa 84 piTThimasaM na khAijjA - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/46 - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1513 85 bahu suNehiM kannehi, bahu acchIhiM picchi| 111 vahI, 1443 na ya di8 suyaM savvaM, bhikkhU akkhaaumrihi|| 112 jainabhAratI (patrikA), disaMbara, 2001, kyA kaheM? kaisA kaheM? - vahI, 8/20 kaba kaheM?, pR. 45 56 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 360 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #439
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 113 dazavekAlikasUtra 8/47 114 jainabhAratI (patrikA), disaMbara, 2001, kyA kaheM? kaisA kaheM? kaba kaheM?, pR. 46 115 dazavekAlikaniyukti, 200-291 116 jIvana kI muskAna (dvitIya mahApuSpa), DaoN. priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 60 117 bhASyate iti bhASA prajJApanAsUtra, 11/831, pR. 48 vahI, 11/831, pR. 48 118 ohAriNI bhASA 119 vahI, pR. 49 120 vahI, pR. 49 121 vahI, pR. 49 122 vahI, pR. 49 123 vahI, pR. 49 124 vahI, pR. 49 125 vahI, pR. 50 126 vahI, pR. 50 127 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 7/1 128 prajJApanAsUtra, 11/866, pR. 68 129 vahI, pR. 70 130 vahI, pR. 69 131 vahI, pR. 69 132 vahI, pR. 92 133 no chAyae no viya lUsaejjA sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/14/19 - 134 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 7/2 135 vahI, 7/12 136 vahI, 7/11 137 vahI, 7/13 138 vahI, muninathamala, 7/4, pR. 347 139 vahI, 7/5 140 vahI, 7/6, 7 141 vahI, 7/8 142 vahI, 7/9 143 vahI, 7/14 144 vahI, 7/15-20 145 vahI, 7/21 146 vahI, 7/22-23 147 vahI, 7/27 148 vahI, 7/34 361 149 vahI, 150 vahI, 7/41 151 ArttaraudramapadhyAnaM, pApakarmopadezitA / hiMsopakAridAnaM ca pramAdAcaraNaM tathA / / 7/36-37 152 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/14 153 dazavaikAlikasUtra 7/47 154 vahI, 7/50 155 vahI, 7/55 156 kruddho ...saccaM sIlaM viNayaM haNejja praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 2/2 157 luddho lolo bhaNejja aliyaM - vahI, pR. 192 158 appaNo thavaNa, paresu niMdA - vahI, pR. 192 159 kovAkula citto jaM saMtamavi bhAsati taM mosameva bhavati dazavaikAlikacUrNa, 7 1 160 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/12 161 vahI muninathamala 4/12, pR. 141 se udadhRta 162 dazavaikAlikacUrNi, 7 163 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 2/2 164 vahI, 2/2 165 taM saccaM bhagavaM 166 yogazAstra, 1/42 167 adhyAtmavidyA, A. mahAprajJa, pR. 129 168 vahI, pR. 133 169 vahI, pR. 133 170 yogazAstra, 1/42 171 adhyAtmavidyA, A. mahAprajJa, pR. 130 172 vahI, pR. 132 173 dekheM, kalpasUtra, AnandasAgarasUrijI pA~cavIM vA~canA 174 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 21/16 175 sajjhAyaM ca tao kujjA, savvaM bhAvavibhAvaNaM? yogazAstra, 3/73 vahI, 2/2 vahI, 26/37 176 piyamappiyaM savyati titikkhaejjA vahI, 21/15 177 sajjhAe vA niutteNa savvadukkhavimokkhaNe? pR. 50 180 AcArAMgasUtra, 2/1/3/3/2 adhyAya 6: abhivyakti-prabandhana vahI, 26/10 178 jainabhAratI (patrikA), disaMbara, 2001, kyA kaheM? kaisA kaheM? kaba kaheM?, pR. 45 179 vahI, akTUbara, 2002 mata bolo aNagamatI vANI, For Personal & Private Use Only 57
Page #440
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 207 aprastutArthApakaraNAt prastutArthavyAkaraNAcca nikSepa phalavAn - laghIyastrayI, 1/2 (jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 77 ___ se uddhRta) 208 tattvArthasUtra, paM.sukhalAla saMghavI, 1/5 209 nAmasthApanAdravyabhAvatastannyAsaH - tattvArthasUtra, 1/5 210 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 77 211 vahI, pR. 78 212 bhUtasya bhAvino vA bhAvasya kAraNaM yannikSipyate sa dravyanikSepaH __ - jainatarkabhASA, nikSepapariccheda, pR. 64 213 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 1/5 214 sAdhaka tIna nikSepA mukhya, je viNu bhAva na lahie re| upagArI duga bhASye bhAkhyA, bhAvavaMdaka no grahie re|| - zrImaddevacandra, vartamAna caubIsI, 16/6 215 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 79 216 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 1/33, pR. 95 217 zukranIti, 3/115 181 aNusAsio na kuppejjA - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/9 182 vIraprabhu ke vacana, ramaNalAla cI. zAha, 1/13/119 183 kalpasUtra, A.AnandasAgarajI ma.sA., pA~cavIM vA~canA, pR. 223 184 upadezamAlA, pR. 139 185 jainabhAratI (patrikA), akTUbara, 2002, mata bolo aNagamatI vANI, pR. 50 186 aSTapravacanamAtAsajjhAya sArtha, DhAla 7/10 187 vahI, DhAla 7/1 188 jainabhAratI (patrikA), agasta, 2004, bolo vacana vicAra, pR. 35 189 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 73 190 jIvana kI muskAna (dvitIya mahApuSpa), DaoN.priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 61 191 (a) syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR. 243 (ba) nayojJAturabhiprAyaH - laghIyastrayI, 55 (jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 73 se uddhRta) 192 jAvaiyA vynnphaa| lAvaMti hoti nayavAyA - sanmatitarka, 3/47 193 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 74 194 sarvArthasiddhi, 1/33 195 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 74 196 vahI, pR. 75 197 laukikasama upacAraprAyo vistRtArtho vyavahAra - tattvArthabhASya, 1/35 198 vartamAnakSaNasthAyiparyAyamAtra prAdhAnyataH sUcayannabhiprAya RjusUtraH - jainatarkabhASA, nayapariccheda, pR. 61 199 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 75 200 vahI, pR. 75 201 kAlAdibhedena dhvanerartha bhedaM pratipAdyamAnaH zabdaH / ___ kAlakAraka liMga saGkhyApuruSo pasargAH kAlAdayaH / / - jainatarkabhASA, nayapariccheda, pR. 61 202 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 76 203 paryAyazabdeSu niruktibhedena bhinnamartha samabhirohana samabhirUDhaH - jainatarkabhASA, nayapariccheda, pR. 62 204 jainabhASAdarzana, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 76 205 vahI, pR. 76 206 vahI, pR. 77 58 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 362 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #441
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 7 tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana STRESS AND MENTAL DISORDER MANAGEMENT Teducatimemational For Personal & Private use only
Page #442
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #443
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 7 tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana (Stress & Mental Disorder Management) Page No. Chap. Cont. 363 373 376 376 388 400 407 7.1 bhAratIya darzanoM evaM jainadarzana meM mana kA svarupa 7.2 mana kA mahattva 7.3 tanAva kyA? kyoM? kaise? 7.3.1 tanAva zabda kA artha evaM avadhAraNA 7.3.2 tanAva kI paribhASA evaM usakI sarvavyApakatA 7.3.3 tanAva kI vizeSatAe~ 7.3.4 tanAva ke vividha prakAra 7.3.5 tanAva kI prakriyA 7.4 vividha mAnasika vikAra evaM unake duSpariNAma 7.5 vividha mAnasika vikAroM ke kAraNa : bahiraMga aura aMtaraMga 7.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM mAnasika-prabandhana 7.6.1 mAnasika-prabandhana kI AvazyakatA kyoM? 7.6.2 mAnasika-prabandhana ke sAdhaka evaM bAdhaka kAraNa 7.7 mAnasika-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 7.7.1 mAnasika-prabandhana kA maulika rupa 7.7.2 mAnasika-prabandhana ke vividha stara 7.7.3 mAnasika-prabandhana ke uttarottara vikAsa kI takanIka (1) parivartana takanIka (Diversion Technique) (2) visarjana takanIka (Elimination Technique) 7.8 niSkarSa 7.9 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment:Aquestionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 407 408 409 409 413 416 417 419 421 422 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #444
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #445
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 7 tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana (Stress & Mental Disorder Management) 7.1 bhAratIya darzanoM evaM jainadarzana meM mana kA svarUpa tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA AdhAra 'mana' hai, ataH sarvaprathama mana kA svarUpa aura usake kAryoM ko jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| jIvana ke tIna mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka haiM - 1) zarIra, 2) vANI aura 3) mn| zarIra se sUkSma vANI hai aura vANI se sUkSma hai - mn| yadyapi mana sUkSma hai, carma cakSuoM se adRzya hai, tathApi yaha manuSya kI advitIya zakti hai| mUlataH mana se yukta hone ke kAraNa hI use manuSya yA mAnava nAma milA hai (mananAt mnussyH)| ataH mana ko samajhe binA, na to jIvana kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai aura na hI mana kA samyak prabandhana kiyA jA sakatA hai| 7.1.1 bhAratIya darzanoM meM mana kA svarUpa mana kI avadhAraNA prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM pAI jAtI hai| inameM mana kI atisUkSma se ativyApaka aneka vyAkhyAe~ kI gaI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM - bhAratIya darzanoM meM mana ke lie aneka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jaise - antaHkaraNa, antarindriya, atIndriya, citta, hRdaya aadi| ise koI kAlpanika padArtha nahIM, apitu eka vAstavika padArtha mAnA gayA hai| bauddha-darzana meM ise cetana tattva mAnA gayA hai, parantu sAMkhya-darzana meM ise prakRti ke vikAra ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai - vaise hI jaise shriir| basa, antara itanA hai ki zarIra sthUla hotA hai, jabaki mana suukssm| isI kAraNa, sAMkhya Adi darzanoM meM mana ko sUkSma zarIra (Subtle body) bhI kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana mana ko anindriya kahatA hai, usameM mana ke do prakAra mAne gae haiM - dravyamana, jo svarUpataH bhautika hai aura sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai tathA bhAvamana, jo svarUpataH caitasika hai evaM AtmA aura zarIra ke bIca setu ke samAna kArya karatA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM mana ke sandarbha meM mukhyatayA jo tathya darzAe gae haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM - 363 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #446
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (1) mana kA sthAna mana kA sthAna kahA~ hai? isa prazna kA uttara bhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / jIvana - prabandhana ke lie ise samajhanA jarurI hai| sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM zarIra ko mana kA vAsasthAna mAnA gayA hai| kucha darzanoM meM mana ko sirpha hRdayastha batAyA gayA hai, to kucha meM mana ko samUce zarIra meM vyApta kahA gayA hai| (2) mana ke kArya bhAratIya darzanoM meM mana ko eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana, mAdhyama, karaNa yA indriya mAnA gayA hai| isake nimnalikhita kArya darzAe gae haiM 2 1) bAhya viSayoM ke jJAna ko indriyoM ke mAdhyama se prApta karane vAlA sAdhana / ' 2) atIta, varttamAna evaM anAgata kAla sambandhI jJAna kA nirNAyaka / 3) sukha-duHkha, priya-apriya, icchA, svapna, smRti Adi aMtaraMga anubhUtiyoM ko jAnane kA sAdhana / 4) kAma, saMkalpa, zraddhA, azraddhA, lajjA, bhaya Adi vividha saMvegoM kI utpatti kA sAdhana / " 5) pUrvajanma kI kAmanAoM (vAsanAoM) evaM varttamAna jIvana kI icchAoM (saMskAroM) kA astitva banAe rakhane vAlA tathA prasaMga Ane para inheM utprerita karane vAlA sAdhana / ' 6) karmendriyoM ko Adeza prasArita karane kA sAdhana / 7) jJAnendriyoM evaM karmendriyoM ko saMcAlita evaM niyaMtrita karane vAlA karaNa / 10 8) jJAnendriyoM evaM karmendriyoM ke madhya samanvaya evaM santulana sthApita karane vAlA sAdhana / ' 9) yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki mana (antaHkaraNa) kampyUTara ke samAna kArya karane vAlA eka yaMtra bhI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM mana kI saMzaya, nirNaya, sambandha evaM smaraNa ye cAra vRttiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| ina vRttiyoM ke AdhAra para mana ke vividha nAmakaraNa bhI kie gae haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM11_ nAmakaraNa vRtti saMzayAtmaka mana buddhi citta ahakAra vivaraNa kampyUTara kisI viSaya ko lekara saMkalpa-vikalpa karanA, jaise Data Collection, 'yaha hai' athavA 'yaha nahIM hai' ityAdi nizcayAtmaka zaMkita viSaya kA nirNaya karanA smaraNAtmaka - nirNIta viSaya kA smaraNa karanA yAni anubhava kI Memorizing nirantaratA honA jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva Analyzing & Processing Final Results sambandhAtmaka viSaya kA abhimAna karanA yAni use AtmasAt kara Linking & Binding lenA, jaise- 'yaha merA hai' yA 'yaha maiM hU~' ityAdi For Personal & Private Use Only 364
Page #447
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa prakAra, bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne mana kI vividha kSamatAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isakA sAra yahI hai ki mana jJAnendriya bhI hai, karmendriya bhI hai, ubhayendriya bhI hai aura antarindriya bhI hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki pratyeka indriya kevala apane viSayoM ko hI grahaNa karatI hai tathA bAhya viSayoM taka hI sImita rahatI hai, jabaki mana ina saba indriyoM ke viSayoM ko grahaNa karate hue aMtaraMga viSayoM kI anubhUti bhI karatA hai| ataH mana kI ina anupama kSamatAoM ke kAraNa hI bhAratIya darzanoM meM mana ko atIndriya bhI kahA gayA hai| (3) mana ke vividha pahalU / bhAratIya mana kA tAtvika mana kA mana kI utpatti mana kA parimANa" darzana svarUpa astitva kI prakriyA viSaya ke AdhAra parI 1) nyAya AtmAdi bAraha prameyoM nitya anutpanna eka samaya meM eka hI viSaya kA (jAnane meM Ane vAle jJAna karane meM samartha (aNu) padArthoM) meM se eka 2) vaizeSika pRthvI Adi nau dravyoM nitya anutpanna eka samaya meM eka hI viSaya kA jJAna karane meM samartha (aNu) 3) sAMkhya mUla prakRti se utpanna anitya purUSa evaM prakRti eka samaya meM sabhI viSayoM kA 4) evaM yoga ahaMkAra nAmaka tattva kA saMyoga jJAna karane meM samartha (vibhu) kA eka vikAra buddhi kI utpatti 3 ahaMkAra kI utpatti mana evaM anya padArthoM kI utpatti anutpanna 5) mImAMsA pRthvI Adi gyAraha nitya : dravyoM meM se eka 6) vedAnta brahma se utpanna mAyA anitya yAni bhrama kA eka vikAra brahma eka samaya meM sabhI viSayoM kA jJAna karane meM samartha (vi) eka samaya meM sabhI nahIM, kintu aneka viSayoM kA jJAna karane meM samartha (madhyama) Izvara kI utpatti mAyA (indrajAla) kI utpatti mana evaM anya sUkSma vikAroM kI utpatti 365 adhyAya 7: tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #448
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (4) mana kI vividha avasthAe~ yadyapi mana kI kSamatAe~ asIma haiM, tathApi sabhI vyaktiyoM ke mana kI avasthAe~ sarvadA eka-sI nahIM hotii| bhAratIya darzanoM meM mana kI vividha avasthAoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka ke lie samajhane yogya hai| (ka) bauddha-darzana meM citta kI cAra avasthAe~ 1) kAmAvacara-citta - yaha citta kI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM kAmanAe~ evaM vAsanAe~ adhika hotI haiM tathA vitarka evaM vicAroM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, mana sAMsArika bhogoM ke pIche bhaTakatA rahatA hai| 2) rUpAvacara-citta - isameM ekAgratA kA prayatna hotA hai, kintu vitarka-vicAra calate rahate haiN| 3) arUpAvacara-citta - isameM citta kI vRttiyA~ sthira to hotI haiM, kintu unakI ekAgratA viSayarahita nahIM hotii| 4) lokottara-citta - isameM citta vikArazUnya ho jAtA hai aura sAdhaka niyama se arhat pada evaM nirvANa kI prApti kara letA hai| (kha) yogadarzana meM citta kI pA~ca avasthAe~17 1) mUr3ha-citta - isameM tamoguNa kI mAtrA adhika hone se nidrA evaM Alasya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| 2) kSipta-citta - isa avasthA meM citta kI sthiratA nahIM rahatI aura vaha rajoguNa ke prabhAva se eka viSaya se dUsare viSaya meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| 3) vikSipta-citta - isameM AMzika sthiratA rahatI hai| citta thor3I dera ke lie eka viSaya meM lagatA hai, para turanta hI anya viSaya kI ora daur3a jAtA hai| 4) ekAgra-citta - yaha mAnasika kendrIkaraNa kI avasthA hai aura yoga kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| isameM citta kisI viSaya para dera taka vicAra yA dhyAna karatA rahatA hai| 5) niruddha-citta - isa avasthA meM citta kI sabhI vRttiyoM kA lopa ho jAtA hai aura citta apanI svAbhAvika , sthira evaM zAnta avasthA meM A jAtA hai| isI prakAra, jainadarzana meM AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra nAmaka grantha meM mana kI cAra avasthAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - vikSipta, yAtAyAta, zliSTa aura niruddha , jinakA varNana Age kiyA jaaegaa| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie ina sabhI mAnasika avasthAoM kA parijJAna anivArya hai| (5) AtmA, zarIra aura mana kA pArasparika sambandha bhAratIya darzana meM isa sambandha ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai - "zarIra eka ratha ke samAna hai, jisameM indriya rUpI azva jute hue haiM, usameM AtmA rUpI rathI, buddhi rUpI sArathI ke dvArA mana rUpI lagAma se ina indriyoM ko hA~ka rahA hai|" isase spaSTa hai ki indriyoM ki tulanA meM mana, buddhi jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 366 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #449
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aura AtmA meM eka kramika zreSThatA hai| zarIra ratha hai, to indriyA~ ashv| donoM ke saMyojana se hI gati sambhava hai| mana bhI indriyoM se pRthak nahIM hai, apitu zreSTha hai, kyoMki vahI indriyoM kA saMcAlana karatA hai| vaha AtmA kI anumati se hI indriyoM ko svecchA se vicaraNa hetu svataMtratA bhI detA hai aura AvazyakatA par3ane para unheM niyaMtrita bhI karatA hai| isa prakAra indriyA~ mana ke izAre para kArya karatI rahatI haiN|18 7.1.2 jainadarzana meM mana kA svarUpa bhAratIya darzanoM meM jainadarzana kA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM vaijJAnika paddhati se mana kA suvyavasthita vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| jIvana-prabandhana saha mana-prabandhana ke lie isameM varNita mana evaM usake svarUpa ko jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai| (1) mana evaM usakA Azaya - jainadarzana meM antaHkaraNa, mAnasa, hRt, cetas, hRdaya, citta, svAnta, anindriya, vijJAna Adi aneka zabdoM se mana ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| ye sabhI zabda mana kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko iMgita karate haiN| jainAcAryoM ne alaga-alaga prakAra se mana ko paribhASita kiyA hai - vizeSAvazyaka bhASyAnusAra 20 - 'manana karanA hI mana hai athavA jisake dvArA manana kiyA jAtA hai athavA jo manana karatA hai, vaha mana hai|' sUtrakRtAMgasUtrAnusAra21 - 'jo sarva viSayoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA hai, kintu eka sAtha do viSayoM ko grahaNa karane meM asamartha hotA hai, vaha mana hai|' sthAnAMgasUtra TIkAnusAra? - 'saMkalpa jisakI pravRtti hai, vaha mana hai|' ___ isa prakAra, mana ke prabandhana ko jIvana-prabandhana kA eka mahattvapUrNa pahalU mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isakA samyak prabandhana karake ucita viSayoM kA grahaNa evaM anucita viSayoM kA parihAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| (2) mana ke vividha prakAra - jainadarzana ke anusAra, mana ke do prakAra hote haiM - (ka) dravya-mana - yaha mana kA bhautika pakSa hai, jo manovargaNA nAmaka pudgala paramANuoM se banA hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra, yaha AtmA nahIM, apitu ajIva hai| ise hama mana kA zArIrika pakSa bhI kaha sakate haiN| (kha) bhAva-mana - yaha mana kA abhautika pakSa hai, jo caitanyadhArA ke rUpa meM pravAhita hotA rahatA hai| paudgalika paramANuoM se nahIM banA hone ke kAraNa ise zArIrika nahIM, apitu Atmika pakSa mAnanA caahie| dhavalATIkA ke anusAra, yaha cetanA kI vaha zakti hai, jo samyak prakAra se viSayoM ko grahaNa karatI rahatI hai|24 367 adhyAya 7: tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #450
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa prakAra, jainadarzana ke anusAra, mana cetana bhI hai aura acetana bhii| manana karane meM sahayogI pudgala (jar3a) padArtha dravyamana hai tathA manana karane vAlA jIva (cetana) bhAvamana hai| donoM ke saMyoga se hI samasta mAnasika kriyAe~ sampanna hotI haiN| (3) mana kA sthAna - jainadarzana meM dravya-mana ke sthAna se sambandhita do vicAradhArAe~ haiN| digambara paramparA ne mana ko hRdaya meM sthita aSTadala kamala kI AkRti vAlA mAnA hai aura zvetAmbara paramparA ne ise sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta batAyA hai| anekAnta-dRSTi se donoM mAnyatAoM meM ekarUpatA hI pratIta hotI hai| snAyu tantuoM kA jAla pUre zarIra meM phailA hai, ataH mana zarIra-vyApI hai aura merurajju kI dhArA hRdaya ko chUtI hai, ataH mana hRdaya-pratiSThita hai|" bhAva-mana kA sthAna to donoM hI paramparAoM meM AtmA ko mAnA gayA hai| (4) mana ke kArya - jainadarzana kI sUkSma dRSTi meM mana svataMtra nahIM, apitu eka yaMtra (upakaraNa) ke samAna hai, jo AtmA rUpI yaMtrI ke adhIna rahatA hai tathA AtmA ke vividha kAryoM meM nikaTatama sahayogI bana kara kArya karatA hai| merI dRSTi meM, mana kI tulanA saMgaNaka (Computer) yaMtra se kI jA sakatI hai| jaise kampyUTara vividha kAryoM ko sampAdita karake prayogakartA ko sahayoga detA hai, vaise hI mana apane vikasita rUpa meM jIva ko cintana-manana Adi karane meM sahayoga detA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM mana ke kAryoM ke sthUlarUpa se tIna vibhAga kie gae haiM - 1) jJAnAtmaka (Knowing) 2) bhAvAtmaka (Feeling) 3) kriyAtmaka (Willing) / isI taraha jainadarzana meM bhI mana ke bahuAyAmI kAryoM ko darzAyA gayA hai, jaise - jJAnAtmaka (cintanAtmaka), darzanAtmaka (anubhUtyAtmaka) evaM AcaraNAtmaka (kriyAtmaka yA saMvedanAtmaka) ityAdi / mana ke sahayoga se hone vAlI jJAnAtmaka prakriyA isa prakAra hai - (ka) avagraha - mana ke dvArA viSaya kA AMzika yA prAthamika jJAna honA, jaise - 'yaha kucha hai'| (kha) IhA - gRhIta viSaya ko vizeSa rupa se jAnane ke lie vicAra karanA, jaise - 'yaha amuka vastu hai yA aura kuch'| (ga) avAya - IhA ke dvArA vicAra kie gae viSaya kA nizcaya karanA, jaise - 'yaha amuka vastu hI hai'| (gha) dhAraNA - nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko kAlavizeSa taka kAyama rkhnaa| avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA - ye cAroM kArya krama se hote rahate haiN| mana-prabandhana ke lie yaha jarUrI hai ki avagrahAdi meM samyak rUpa se hI prayatna kiyA jAe, jisase jIvana meM sukha, zAnti aura Ananda kI abhivRddhi ho ske| yadi avagraha Adi se viSaya kA bodha galata rUpa se hotA hai, to jIvana meM duHkha, nirAzA evaM kuNThA kI abhivRddhi ho jAtI hai, jo mana-prabandhana ke lie avAMchanIya hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 368 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #451
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yadyapi jainAcAryoM ne sampUrNa jJAnAtmaka prakriyA ko saMkSepa meM uparyukta cAra binduoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA hai, tathApi vistAra - ruci vAle jIvoM ke lie avagrahAdi ke upabhedoM kI bhI carcA kI hai, jo nandIsUtra ke AdhAra para isa prakAra hai". mana 1) zravaNatA - viSaya kA sAmAnya bodha honaa| avagraha 2) avalaMbanatA - IhAdi taka pahu~cane ke lie sAmAnya se vizeSa kI ora agrasara honaa| 3) meghA - sAmAnya meM vizeSa ko grahaNa krnaa| mana IhA mana dhAraNA 1) AbhogantA vizeSa jJAna kI ora abhimukha hokara viSaya kI samIkSA krnaa| 2) mArgaNatA vidhi aura niSedha ke dvArA viSaya kI khoja karanA / 3) gaveSaNatA 369 karanA / 4) cintA punaH punaH vizeSa cintana krnaa| 5) vimarza vidheyAtmaka dharmoM ko grahaNa kara spaSTatayA vicAra karanA / - - mana 1) AvarttanatA - nizcayAtmaka jJAna ke sammukha honaa| avAya 2) pratyAvartanatA nizcayAtmaka jJAna ke sannikaTa pahu~canA / / - - - -- -- 3) avAya padArtha kA pUrNa nizcaya krnaa| 4) buddhi - nizcita jJAna ko aura adhika spaSTatA se jaannaa| 5) vijJAna 1) dhAraNA - niSedhAtmaka dharmoM kA tyAga kara evaM vidheyAtmaka dharmoM ke AdhAra para viSaya kA paryAlocana tIvra dhAraNA ke lie kAraNabhUta viziSTa nizcayAtmaka jJAna krnaa| 2) sA-dhAraNA 3) sthApanA 4) pratiSThA - artha ko bheda - prabheda sahita hRdaya meM sthApita karanA / 5) koSTha -- avAya dvArA sunizcita artha kA satata pravAhita honA evaM usase utpanna saMskAroM kA samaya-samaya para smaraNa honA / isa prakAra, jJAna kI uttarottara vRddhizIla avasthAoM meM mana pramukha bhUmikA nirvAha karatA hai / isake binA hone vAlA kevala indriyAzrita jJAna itane vyApaka stara taka nahIM pahu~ca sakatA / jainAcAryoM ne mana ke anya bhI anekAneka kArya batAe haiM, jo mana ke samyak prabandhana ke lie avazya jAnane yogya haiM artha ko smaraNapUrvaka kucha samaya taka dhAraNa krnaa| artha ko hRdaya meM sthApita karanA, ise vAsanA (saMskAra) bhI kahate haiN| 1) mati kisI viSaya kA manana karanA / 2) smRti pUrva meM jAnI huI vastu kA smaraNa karanA / 3) pratyabhijJAna pahale anubhava kI huI evaM varttamAna meM anubhava kI jAne vAlI vastu ke madhya samAnatA kA bodha honA, jaise yaha vahI hai, jise pahale jAnA thaa| - -- koThe meM rakhe surakSita dhAnya ke samAna nirNIta artha ko hRdaya meM surakSita rkhnaa| - adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 7
Page #452
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4) cintana - kisI padArtha ke cihna ko dekhakara sampUrNa padArtha ko jAna lenaa| ise tarka , vyApti, ___UhAdi bhI kahA jAtA hai| 5) abhinibodha - padArtha ke abhimukha hokara usakA bodha krnaa| 6) kalpanA zakti - yaha icchAoM kI abhivyakti kA eka rUpa hai| isake mAdhyama se do yA adhika jJAna ke viSayoM kA saMyojana kara navIna viSaya kA sRjana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha svapna se bahuta adhika bhinna nahIM hai| basa, antara itanA hai ki eka jAgrata avasthA meM hotA hai aura dUsarA supta avasthA meM 2 7) saMkalpa zakti - yaha kalpanAoM kA saghana rUpa hai| jaba cintana aura manana ke dvArA kisI viSaya kA nizcaya hotA hai, taba usake sAtha-sAtha vizvAsa evaM dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa bhI ho jAtA hai, yahI saMkalpa hai|33 sAmAnyatayA 'saMkalpa' zabda kA prayoga niSedhAtmaka artha meM kiyA jAtA hai, jo bAhya padArthoM ke prati mamatva (putrAdi mere haiM, aisA bhAva) kA dyotaka hai| 8) vikalpa - yaha vikalpa sAmAnyatayA do prakAra kA hotA hai - ka) jJAnAtmaka , jaise - yaha ghar3I hai, yaha kursI hai ityAdi tathA kha) rAgAtmaka (bhAvAtmaka), jaise - icchA, kaSAya, rAga-dveSa , sukha-duHkha aadi| yaha ghaTa hai, yaha paTa hai ityAdi grahaNa karane rUpa jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha jJAnAtmaka tathA aMtaraMga meM 'maiM sukhI hU~', 'maiM duHkhI hU~' ityAdi harSa aura viSAda rUpa jo pariNAma hotA hai, vaha rAgAtmaka vikalpa kahalAtA hai| 9) vicAra - mana kA mahattvapUrNa kArya hai - socnaa-vicaarnaa| isake mAdhyama se vaha eka se dUsare sthAna, viSaya, vyakti evaM vastu meM vicaraNa karatA rahatA hai| mana ke pAsa vicAroM ke lie zabda rUpI mAdhyama hotA hai| ye vicAra kabhI sambaddha hote haiM, to kabhI asambaddha / mana-prabandhana ke lie asambaddha vicAroM arthAt ucchRkhala vicAroM ko niyaMtrita karanA atyAvazyaka hai| 10) nidAna - bhautika sukha kI prApti ke lie abhilASA kA honaa|| 11) zraddhAna - kisI vastu ke bAre meM AsthA yA mAnyatA banAnA ki 'yaha aisI hI hai'| 12) jAtismRti - pUrvajanma ke vizeSa prasaMgoM kI smRti honaa| 13) manolezyA - kaSAyoM se yukta mAnasika pravRtti / 14) dhyAna - ekAgratArupa mAnasika prinnaam|| ___ isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM mana ko eka viziSTa sAdhana ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| sanmati-prakaraNa meM saMzaya, pratibhAsa, svapna-jJAna, vitarka, sukha-duHkha , kSamA, icchA Adi ko mana ke vividha kAryoM ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai| vastutaH mana kA kArya indriyoM se bhI adhika vyApaka hai| yaha indriyoM dvArA gRhIta viSayoM ke bAre meM to socatA hI hai, sAtha hI ina viSayoM ke guNa-doSoM ke bAre meM bhii| indriyA~ to kevala vartamAna meM upasthita padArthoM ko hI grahaNa karatI haiM, jabaki mana kA viSaya tInoM kAla meM rahe hue upasthita-anupasthita sabhI padArtha banate haiN| ataH jIvana-prabandhana ke antargata jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 8 370 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #453
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mana ke suvyavasthita prayoga kA viziSTa mahattva hai / (5) mana ke anya pahalU mana kA tAttvika svarUpa hai / 1 mana kA astitva mana kI utpatti mana kA parimANa (viSaya) mana eka kAla eka hI viSaya ko grahaNa karatA hai / 13 mana kI yogyatA mana mUrta-amUrta samasta dravyoM ko grahaNa kara sakatA / sAtha hI yaha jahA~ bAhya vastuoM ko apanA viSaya banAtA hai, vahIM Abhyantara padArtha arthAt AtmA evaM usake bhAvoM ko bhI grahaNa kara sakatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI yAtrA meM yaha mana samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra ke prakaTIkaraNa meM uttama karaNa banane kI yogyatA bhI rakhatA hai| 44 - mana pudgala paramANuoM ke piNDa rUpa manovargaNAoM se nirmita hotA mana kI dvipakSatA mana bAhya viSayoM evaM AtmA ke madhya eka kar3I ke rupa meM kArya karatA hai / eka ora yaha zruta- dRSTa viSayoM ko AtmA taka pahu~cAtA hai, to vahIM dUsarI ora yaha AtmA ke AdezoM kA prasAraNa bhI karatA hai| mana anitya hai, nitya nahIM / mana 'aMgopAMga nAmakarma' ke udaya se prApta hotA hai| 12 - mana kI bhUmikA mana AtmA ke karmacArI ke samAna hai| AtmA ke bhAvoM ke anusAra yaha kArya karatA hai| jaba AtmA meM niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM (Negative Thoughts ), jaise - krodha, Aveza, bhaya Adi kI prabalatA hotI hai, to mana bhI aprayojanabhUta, anupayogI evaM ahitakara vicAroM meM vicarane lagatA tathA jaba AtmA meM vidheyAtmaka bhAvoM (Positive Thoughts ), jaise - zAnti, abhaya Adi kA pravAha bar3hatA hai, taba mana meM bhI cintana kI gaharAiyA~ evaM vyApakatA meM abhivRddhi hone lagatI haiN| kSamA, -- ( 6 ) mana kI avasthAe~ jaisA ki pUrva meM batAyA gayA hai, jainadarzana meM mana kI cAra avasthAoM kA varNana milatA hai, jo mana - prabandhana ke lie ucita - anucita ke vizleSaNa kA AdhAra 45 (ka) vikSipta mana yaha mana kI asthira avasthA hai| isameM saMkalpa - vikalpa yA vicAroM kI bhAga-daur3a macI rahatI hai| ataH isa avasthA meM mAnasika-zAnti kA abhAva hotA hai / - (kha) yAtAyAta mana yaha mana kI AMzika sthiratA kI avasthA hai, jisameM mana kabhI bAhya viSayoM kI ora calA jAtA hai, to kabhI prabandhita hokara andara sthira hone kA prayatna karatA hai| yaha mana-prabandhana kI prArambhika avasthA hai| (ga) zliSTa mana yaha mana kI sthira avasthA hai, jisameM mana anucita viSaya nahIM, ucita viSayoM kA Alambana letA hai| isameM jaise-jaise sthiratA bar3hatI jAtI hai, vaise-vaise Ananda bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai / adhyAya 7: tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 371 For Personal & Private Use Only 9
Page #454
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (gha) sulIna mana - yaha mana kI pUrNa prabandhita avasthA hai, jisameM saMkalpa-vikalpa evaM mAnasika vRttiyoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| yaha paramAnanda kI avasthA hai, kyoMki isameM sabhI vAsanAe~ naSTa ho jAtI haiN| ise niruddhAvasthA bhI kahate haiN| mana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha ina sabhI mAnasika avasthAoM kA samyak parijJAna karake uttarottara vikAsa kI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla bne| ===== ====== 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 372 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #455
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 7.2 mana kA mahatttva jainaAcAradarzana ke anusAra, vyakti ke jIvana - vyavahAra kA niyAmaka bindu mana hI hai| yaha eka adbhuta zakti - puMja hai| yahI sAMsArika saphalatAoM aura AdhyAtmika vibhUtiyoM kA pradAtA bhI hai| pApa-puNya, bandha-mokSa evaM svarga-naraka Adi kI avadhAraNAe~ mUlataH isI para AdhArita yahI bAharI duniyA kA dvAra bhI hai aura yahI Atmika - vikAsa kI sIr3hI bhI hai / cirakAla se yahI mAnava ke samagra kriyAkalApoM kA niyaMtraka rahA hai| isake mahattva ko samajhanA hI jIvana - prabandhana kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| 16 46 kahA gayA hai mana ko sAdhanA hI samyak sAdhanA hai / mana na sadhe to sAdhanA meM bAdhA hI bAdhA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki mana vaha sAdhana hai, jisakA samyak prayoga kiyA jAe, to vaha sAdhanA bana jAtA hai, kintu yadi isakA samyak upayoga na kiyA jAe, to yahI manuSya ke lie mahAvipadArupa bhI siddha ho sakatA hai| jainadarzana sahita bhAratIya saMskRti meM yaha sarvamAnya tathya rahA hai ki mana hI bandhana aura mokSa donoM kA prabalatama kAraNa hai / 17 mana bandhana kA kitanA bhayAnaka kAraNa hai, yaha bAta jainAcAryoM ne karma - siddhAnta meM spaSTa rUpa se batAI hai| karmagrantha meM kahA gayA hai jo kevala kAyA ke dvArA pravRtti karate haiM, aise pRthvIkAyAdi ekendriya jIvoM ko 'mohanIya' nAmaka karma kA adhikatama bandhana eka sAgara ( samaya kA mApavizeSa) jitanA hI hotA hai / yahI bandhana vacana aura kAyA donoM se pravRtti karane vAle dvIndriya jIvoM ko paccIsa sAgara jitanA, trIndriya jIvoM ko pacAsa sAgara jitanA, caturindriya jIvoM ko sau sAgara jitanA tathA manarahita paMcendriya jIvoM ko eka hajAra sAgara jitanA hotA hai| yadi manuSyAdi manasahita paMcendriya jIvoM kI sthiti dekheM, to yaha bandhana lAkha aura karor3a sAgara se bhI kaI guNA adhika ho jAtA hai| mana se yukta prANiyoM ko mohanIya karma kA adhikatama bandhana sattara kor3A - kor3I (70 karor3a x 1 karor3a) sAgara pramANa hotA hai|48 jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, itanA adhika karma - bandhana karane vAlA jIva ananta janmoM taka saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai, duHkha aura santApa pAtA rahatA hai| isase mana kI vidhvaMsAtmaka-zakti (Destructive Power) kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne isIlie bandhana kI apekSA se mana ko paurANika brahmAstra kI upamA dI hai| 19 mana yadi bandhana kA bhayAnaka hetu hai, to mukti kA anivArya sAdhana bhI hai| jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki mokSa-mArga kI sAdhanA kA prArambha hI samyak dRSTikoNa ke vikAsa ke sAtha hotA hai aura isa dRSTikoNa ko prApta karane kI pAtratA kevala manasahita jIvoM meM hI hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra, mana kA samyak prabandhana ( saMyamana) karane se mAnasika ekAgratA kA vikAsa hotA hai, jisake bala para viveka kI prApti hotI hai aura yaha viveka hI galata dRSTikoNa ke parihAra tathA samyak dRSTikoNa ke prakaTIkaraNa kA AdhAra hotA hai| 50 anyatra bhI kahA gayA hai ekendriya se paMcendriya taka manarahita jIvoM ke lie samIcIna dRSTi kA vikAsa kara pAnA asambhava hai| 1 isa prakAra, mana muktimArga adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 373 For Personal & Private Use Only - 11
Page #456
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ para Age bar3hane kI prAthamika zarta hai| vyavahArabhASya meM bhI yaha ullekha hai ki mana hI bandhana evaM mukti kA hetu hai, na ki bAhya viSaya / kisI viSaya kA saMyoga milane para eka vyakti usameM Asakta ho jAtA hai, jabaki dUsarA vyakti usase virakta rahatA hai| isase siddha hai ki bAhya viSaya mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai, apitu vyakti ke aMtaraMga pariNAma mahattvapUrNa haiN| yaha mAnanA hogA ki mana se hI viSayoM ke prati Asakti kI jAtI hai aura mana se hI virakti bhii| ataH vyakti kI mAnasika vRttiyA~ hI bandhana evaM mokSa donoM kA sAdhana hai| 2 AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se hI nahIM, apitu vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa se bhI mana kI mahattA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| vastutaH, jaina dArzanikoM ne mana kA jo bahuAyAmI svarUpa darzAyA hai, usase svataH hI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki jIvana kA pratyeka vyavahAra mana ke Azrita hI sampAdita hotA hai| indriyoM kA kArya to kevala bAhya viSayoM kA saMketAtmaka jJAna denA hai, parantu mana ina saMketoM kA saMvedana, vizleSaNa, samIkSaNa, mUlyAMkana, nirNayana Adi anekAneka kArya karatA hai| yadi mana na ho to kyA ucita hai, kyA anucita hai, yaha viveka (Reasoning) asambhava hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne isIlie mana ko sarvadA viveka kSamatA yukta yaMtra ke rUpa meM hI grahaNa kiyA hai| jIvana kA pratyeka vyavahAra tabhI prabandhita ho sakatA hai, jaba mana apanA kArya sahI DhaMga se sampAdita kre| ataH yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki mana kA samyak prabandhana jIvana-prabandhana kA sabase prAthamika pakSa hai| samyak mana-prabandhana hI jIvana meM zikSA, samaya, vANI Adi pahaluoM ke samyak prabandhana kA mUla AdhAra hai| mana kA mahattva Aja sarvatra svIkAra hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM ne jIvana-vyavahAra meM parilakSita hone vAle anekAneka kAryoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai, jo kevala manAzrita hI hote haiM, jaise - pratyakSaNa (Perception) abhipreraNa (Motivation) avadhAna (Attention) * saMvega (Emotion) sIkhanA (Learning) buddhi (Intelligence) smRti (Memory) abhivRtti (Aptitude) cintana (Thinking) * sRjanAtmakatA (Creativity) nirNaya prakriyA (Decision making) samasyA samAdhAna vyavahAra (Solution avadhAraNA nirmANa (Conception) Oriented behaviour) jainadarzana meM bhI isI prakAra mana ke buddhi , utsAha, udyoga, bhAvanA Adi anekAneka kAryoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo mana kI mahattA kA spaSTa digdarzana karatA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki mana kA mahattva sArvabhaumika, sArvakAlika evaM sArvajanika hai, ataH jIvana-prabandhana ke lie mana ko samajhanA aura usakA sadupayoga karanA eka anivArya karttavya hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 374 12 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #457
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArAMgasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai ki 'je maNaM parijANai se NiggaMthe' arthAt jo apane mana ko acchI taraha jAnatA hai, vahI saccA jIvana-prabandhaka (nirgrantha) hai| ===== ===== 375 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #458
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 7.3 tanAva kyA? kyoM? kaise? yaha satya hai ki vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM prakAra ke jIvana meM mana hI manuSya kI sabase mahattvapUrNa zakti hai, kintu isake samyak prabandhana ke abhAva meM vyakti ke vyAvahArika jIvana aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke mArga meM aneka bAdhAe~ utpanna ho rahI haiN| Aja mana meM utpanna hone vAle tanAva evaM anya manoroga eka jvalanta samasyA bane hue haiM, ye eDsa evaM kaiMsara se bhI adhika khataranAka siddha ho rahe haiN| prasiddha manoroga vizeSajJa DaoN. manajIta siMha bhATiyA ke anusAra, amerikA jaise vikasita dezoM meM manorogiyoM kA pratizata sarvAdhika hai| bhArata meM bhI lagabhaga sAta pratizata loga manorogI haiM, jinameM se lagabhaga Adhe se adhika to jIvana kI sAmAjika evaM Arthika cintAoM se trasta hokara isa duHkhada avasthA meM pahu~ce haiM aura lagabhaga eka cauthAI ko to turanta hI cikitsakIya upacAra kI AvazyakatA yadi AdhyAtmika dRSTi se Aja kA paridRzya dekhA jAe, to yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki Aja pratyeka vyakti kama yA adhika rUpa meM manorogI hI hai, basa, antara hai to guNAtmaka (Qualitative) evaM mAtrAtmaka (Quantitative) stara kaa| vastutaH, jo loga manovikAroM para niyaMtraNa nahIM rakha pAte aura sAmAjikatA kI sImA kA ullaMghana kara dete haiM, ve to manorogI haiM hii| parantu jo aMtaraMga meM manovikAroM kA poSaNa karate hue bhI sAmAnya kahalAne ke lie apane manovikAroM ko kisI taraha dabA kara jIte haiM aura sAmAjikatA kI maryAdA meM rahane kA svAMga racate haiM, ve bhI eka prakAra ke manorogI hI haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki kaSAyoM se vikSipta vyakti manorogI (unmatta) hI hai|56 ataH yaha jarurI ho jAtA hai ki vyakti mana-prabandhana ke lie prayatna karane se pUrva tanAvoM, unake svarUpa aura kAraNoM ko samyaktayA smjhe| 7.3.1 tanAva zabda kA artha evaM avadhAraNA tanAva Adhunika yuga kA pracalita zabda hai, jise aMgrejI bhASA meM sTraisa (Stress) tathA hindI bhASA meM dabAva, khiMcAva, uttejanA, anukriyA (Response), pratikriyA, pratibala Adi zabdoM ke dvArA vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne tanAva ke lie AturatA, duHkha, kleza, cintA Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM, tanAva eka vibhAva dazA hai aura yaha na kevala cetana, apitu jar3a padArthoM meM bhI utpanna hotI rahatI hai| unake anusAra, vizva jar3a evaM cetana kA eka piNDa hai, jisameM pratyeka padArtha kI avasthAoM kA pratisamaya rUpAntaraNa hotA rahatA hai| badalatI huI avasthAoM meM eka padArtha kA dUsare padArthoM ke sAtha saMsarga (saMyoga-sambandha) hotA rahatA hai, isa saMsarga meM jaba koI padArtha apane jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 14 376 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #459
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AsapAsa ke padArthoM dvArA nirmita paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita ho jAtA hai, taba usakI svAbhAvika avasthA calAyamAna hone lagatI hai aura eka vizeSa prakAra kA bala yA dabAva usameM utpanna ho jAtA hai| jaina-paramparA meM svabhAva se vikRta hone vAlI isa avasthA ko 'vibhAva-dazA' kahA gayA hai| isa vibhAva dazA ko uttejita karane vAle vastu ke aMtaraMga dabAva yA bala ko tanAva (Stress) kahA jA sakatA hai| 7.3.2 tanAva kI paribhASA evaM usakI sarvavyApakatA jainadarzana ke anusAra, tanAva eka sArvabhaumika prakriyA hai, jo vyakti (cetana) evaM vastu (jar3a) sabhI meM kriyAzIla rahatI hai, jaise - vaiyaktika tanAva vastugata tanAva 1) bhAvAtmaka tanAva : krodha, bhaya, cintA Adi 1) prAkRtika tanAva : bhUkampa, jvAlAmukhI, sunAmI, bAr3ha, ativRSTi Adi 2) mAnasika tanAva : asthiratA, capalatA Adi 2) kRtrima (mAnavakRta) tanAva : yaha aneka prakAra kA 3) zArIrika tanAva : becainI, kSudhA, tRSNA, rogAdi hai, jaise - ilAsTika ko khIMcanA yA lohe kI salAkha ko mor3anA Adi cU~ki jIvana-prabandhana kA sambandha vaiyaktika tanAva-prabandhana se hai, ataH Age vaiyaktika tanAva kI carcA kI jaaegii| tanAva kI paribhASA : vaiyaktika jIvana ke sandarbha meM rojana evaM gregarI ke anusAra - 'vaha bAhya tathA Antarika aniSTakArI evaM vaMcanakArI sthiti, jisake sAtha samAyojana (Adjustment) kara pAnA vyakti ke lie atyadhika kaSTakara hotA hai, use pratibala yA tanAva kahate haiN|' geTsa evaM anya ke anusAra61 - 'tanAva asantulana kI vaha dazA hai, jo prANI ko apanI uttejita dazA kA anta karane hetu koI kArya karane ke lie prerita karatI hai|' beraoNna ke anusAra62 - 'tanAva eka aisI bahuAyAmI prakriyA hai, jo vyakti ke daihika evaM manovaijJAnika vRttiyoM ko vighaTita karane vAlI athavA vighaTita karane kI kalpanA karAne vAlI ghaTanAoM (Stimulents) ke prati eka anukriyA (Response) ke rUpa meM utpanna hotI hai|' AcArya mahAprajJa ke anusAra - 'jaba kisI bhI padArtha para par3ane vAle dAba se padArtha ke AkAra meM parivartana ho jAtA hai, to use tanAva yA tAna kahA jAtA hai|' isa prakAra, sabhI vicArakoM ne paristhiti yA ghaTanA ke prati kI gaI anukriyA (Response) ko tanAva ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| 377 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #460
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana-prabandhana ke pariprekSya meM jainaAcAradarzana ke AdhAra para merI dRSTi meM, vaiyaktika tanAva ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA jA sakatA hai - tanAva vaha sArvabhaumika, parivartanazIla evaM bahuAyAmI prakriyA hai, jo paristhiti yA ghaTanA ke kAlpanika athavA vAstavika mUlyAMkana ke bAda kI gaI eka viziSTa anukriyA (Response) hai, jisase vyakti meM AkarSaNa (rAga) yA vikarSaNa (dveSa) kA dabAva yA bala utpanna hotA hai aura vyakti ke vyaktitva kA vighaTana ho jAtA hai| 7.3.3 tanAva kI vizeSatAe~ tanAva eka parivartanazIla prakriyA hai| jainAcAryoM kI bhI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jIvana evaM jar3a-jagat donoM gatyAtmaka (Dynamic) haiN| isa prakriyA ke tIna mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka haiM - * uddIpaka (bAhya paristhiti/saMyoga sambandha/Stimulent) : parivartanazIla * prANI (Organism) : parivartanazIla * anukriyA (Response) : parivartanazIla udAharaNArtha, acAnaka kisI sarpa ko dekhakara vyakti bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai aura usakI dila kI dhar3akaneM bar3ha jAtI haiN| yahA~ sarpa eka 'uddIpaka' hai, vyakti 'prANI' hai aura dhar3akanoM kA bar3hanA 'anukriyA' hai| tanAva eka bahuAyAmI prakriyA (Multifaceted Process) hai, kyoMki isake vividha AyAma hote haiM, jaise - vaiyaktika-tanAva, pArivArika tanAva, vaizvika-tanAva, Arthika-tanAva Adi / AcArya mahAprajJajI ne vaiyaktika jIvana kI apekSA se tanAva ke tIna prakAra batAe haiM 65 - 1) zArIrika tanAva - zArIrika zrama karate-karate thaka jAnA, 2) mAnasika tanAva - atyadhika cintana-manana karanA evaM 3) bhAvAtmaka-tanAva - ArtadhyAna (viSAdarUpa bhAva) evaM raudradhyAna (harSarUpa bhAva) krnaa| isake atirikta bhI tanAva ke aneka prakAra sambhava haiM, jaise - rAga-dveSAtmaka tanAva, prazasta-aprazasta tanAva, priyakara-apriyakara tanAva, alpakAlika-dIrghakAlika tanAva, atyalpa-atyadhika tanAva ityaadi| inakI carcA Age kI jaaegii| tanAva vAstavika paristhitiyoM se sambandhita bhI hotA hai aura kAlpanika se bhii| Azaya yaha hai ki vyakti kA mana cAroM ora daur3ane vAle azva ke samAna hai athavA kSaNabhara ke lie bhI zAnta nahIM baiThane vAle bandara ke samAna hai| santa AnandaghanajI bhI kahate haiM ki yaha mana rAta-dina kA vicAra kie binA kabhI samUha aura kabhI ekAnta, kabhI AkAza aura kabhI pAtAla meM bhaTakatA hI rahatA hai| isI kAraNa vyakti kA tanAva banA rahatA hai| tanAva aura usake uddIpaka (paristhiti/Stimulent) ke madhya koI nizcita sambandha nahIM hotaa| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 378 16 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #461
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Azaya yaha hai ki eka samAna viSaya (ghaTanA yA paristhiti) hone para bhI kisI ko usakA AkarSaNa ho sakatA hai, to kisI ko vikarSaNa 69 aura inake phalasvarUpa koI adhika tanAva-grasta hotA hai, to koI kama, kintu yogya jIvana-prabandhaka (sAdhaka) samatA meM rahatA hai| * jainAcAryoM ne paristhiti se prabhAvita hone kI vaiyaktika/Atmika yogyatA (niSedhAtmaka kSamatA/Negative Ability) ko 'audayika-bhAva' ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| ataH tanAva ko eka prakAra kA audayika bhAva kahA jA sakatA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa manovicalana kI avasthA utpanna hotI hai| tanAva kI utpatti bAhya evaM Antarika donoM prakAra ke uddIpakoM ke mUlyAMkana ke pazcAt hotI hai| * bAhya uddIpaka (External Stimulent), jaise - nindAtmaka kaTu-vacana zravaNa, tIvra ThaNDa-garmI aadi| * Antarika uddIpaka (Internal Stimulent), jaise - AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi sNjnyaaeN| * tanAva eka AvazyakatA nahIM, apitu vivazatA (kamajorI) hai, jo vyakti meM Atma-niyaMtraNa (sva-prabandhana) kI kamI ke pariNAmasvarUpa utpanna hotI hai| tanAva kA samIkaraNa kucha isa prakAra * Atma-niyaMtraNa > uddIpaka = tanAvarahita avasthA * Atma-niyaMtraNa < uddIpaka = tanAvasahita avasthA tanAva samaya ke sAtha bar3ha bhI sakatA hai, to ghaTa bhI sakatA hai aura yogya sAdhaka ho, to samApta bhI ho sakatA hai| jainakathAnakoM meM prasannacaMdra rAjarSi kA varNana AtA hai, jinheM dhyAna meM lIna rahate hue kucha zabda sunAI par3e, jisase pUrva moha jAgrata ho uThA aura tIvra tanAva utpanna ho gayA, lekina kucha hI samaya bAda Atmabodha hone para tanAva tIvratA se ghaTatA gayA evaM antataH ve pUrNa tanAvamukta dazA (kaivalya) ko prApta ho ge| tanAva kisI vastu yA paristhiti ke prati AkarSaNa (rAga) se bhI hotA hai aura vikarSaNa (dveSa) se bhii| sAmAnyatayA kevala vikarSaNa ko hI tanAva kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, kintu yaha eka bhrAnti hai| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie rAga aura dveSa donoM ko hI duHkha arthAt tanAva kA mUla kahA hai' evaM ina para jIvana-prabandhana kI sAdhanA ke dvArA vijaya prApta karane kI preraNA dI hai| * rAga (AkarSaNa) - lobha , mAyA, rati Adi mnobhaav| * dveSa (vikarSaNa) - krodha, bhaya, arati Adi mnobhaav| tanAva eka prakAra kI anukriyA hai, jo vyakti kI zAnti evaM Ananda ko bhaMga kara use duHkhI evaM santapta kara detI hai, isIlie jainAcAryoM ne kahA hai - kriyA to karo, lekina pratikriyA adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 17 379 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #462
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mata kro| tanAva eka jaTila prakriyA (Complex Process) hai| isameM anekAneka kArakoM (AsedhakoM/Stressors) kA apanA-apanA viziSTa yogadAna rahatA hai, jise samajha pAnA itanA AsAna nahIM hai| RSibhASita meM isIlie kahA gayA hai - manuSya kA mana bahuta gaharA hai, ise samajha pAnA kaThina hai| 7.3.4 tanAva ke vividha prakAra yaha satya hai ki tanAva eka visaMgati hai, jisa para vijaya prApta karanA hI mana-prabandhana kA parama lakSya hai, parantu isa lakSya kI prApti ke lie vidyamAna tanAvoM meM se acche-bure, ucita-anucita, Avazyaka-anAvazyaka tanAvoM kA bheda-jJAna Avazyaka hai| jainaAcAra vyavasthA ke anusAra, vyakti ko sarvaprathama anAvazyaka tanAvoM se mukti pAnI cAhie aura phira Avazyaka tanAva kA alpIkaraNa karate hue antataH pUrNa tanAvamukta dazA kI prApti karanI caahie| isa hetu nimnalikhita bheda-prabheda vicAraNIya jIvana-dazA (Life Conditions) tanAvasahita (Stressful) tanAvarahita (Stressfree) aprazasta tanAva (Non-auspicious stress) prazasta tanAva (Auspicious stress) nakArAtmaka tanAva (Negative Stress) svIkArAtmaka tanAva (Positive Stress) jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, jIvana kI do avasthAe~ sambhava haiM - tanAvasahita (saMsArI) evaM tanAvarahita (mukt)| inameM se tanAvarahita avasthA hI zreyaskara hai, jise jainadarzana meM pUrNa mukta dazA ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - ye cAroM mAnasika vikAra durguNoM aura pApa kI vRddhi karane vAle haiM, ataH apanI bhalAI cAhane vAloM ko ina doSoM kA sarvathA parityAga kara denA caahie|' jaba taka jIva mukta nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka usakI avasthA tanAvayukta hI banI rahatI hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 380 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #463
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isameM taratamatA kI dRSTi se aneka bheda ho sakate haiM, lekina sthUla rUpa se isa avasthA ke do prakAra (1) prazasta tanAva (Auspicious Stress) (2) aprazasta tanAva (Non-auspicious Stress) (1) prazasta tanAva (Auspicious Stress) - vaha tanAva, jo jIvana meM rAga-dveSa kI vRtti ko manda karatA hai aura vartamAna evaM bhAvI jIvana ko sukha-zAntimaya banAtA hai, use prazasta tanAva kahanA caahie| yaha tanAva jIvana vikAsa hetu Avazyaka hai, kyoMki isase vyakti ko apane dAyitvoM ke ucita nirvAha karane kI abhipreraNA (Motivation) milatI hai aura vaha artha evaM bhoga sambandhI prayatnoM ko karatA huA dharma evaM mokSa sambandhI prayatnoM kA ucita samanvaya kara letA hai| (2) aprazasta tanAva (Non-auspicious Stress) - vaha tanAva, jo jIvana meM rAga-dveSa kI abhivRddhi karatA hai aura vartamAna evaM bhAvI jIvana ko duHkha aura santApa se pIr3ita karatA hai, use aprazasta tanAva kahanA caahie| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra, yaha tanAva anAvazyaka hai aura Atma-patana kI ora dhakelane vAlA hai| isase prerita hokara vyakti anaitika pravRttiyoM, jaise - kleza-kalaha, lar3AI-jhagar3A, gAlI-galauja Adi meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai athavA artha aura bhoga ke atireka meM pha~sakara dharma aura mokSa ke prayatnoM se vimukha ho jAtA hai| yadyapi Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM na to pUrNa tanAvarahita jIvana kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai aura na hI prazasta-tanAva kI upayogitA kA bodha, tathApi jainAcAryoM ne sadaiva hI prazasta tanAva ko mAdhyama banAkara aprazasta tanAva se mukta hone evaM antataH paripUrNa tanAvarahita avasthA kI prApti karane ko jIvana-prabandhana kA lakSya batAyA hai| kahA bhI hai - aprazastatA re TAlI prazastatA, karatA Asava naashejii| saMvara vAdhe re sAdhe nirjarA, Atama bhAva prakAze jii|| arthAt aprazasta bhAvoM ko TAla kara prazasta bhAva karanA cAhie, jisase duHkhadAyI avasthA kA nAza ho evaM sukhadAyI avasthA kI vRddhi ho aura antataH pUrNa duHkharahita AtmabhAvoM kI abhivyakti ho| pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka kA yaha karttavya hai ki vaha prazasta tanAva ko jAgrata karane vAle satsaMga, sadvicAra evaM satkarma ke prati ruci tathA niSThA utpanna kare aura sAtha hI aprazasta tanAva ke preraka kArakoM se dUra rhe| yaha jJAtavya hai ki prazasta tanAva vastutaH tanAva-mukti kA sAdhana hai, jabaki aprazasta tanAva tanAva-vRddhi kaa| aprazasta tanAva ko hI Aja tanAva ke rupa meM pahacAnA jA rahA hai| jaina evaM Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se isake do bheda haiM - ka) svIkArAtmaka tanAva (Positive Stress) kha) nakArAtmaka tanAva (Negative Stress) / 381 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 19 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #464
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (ka) svIkArAtmaka tanAva - vaha tanAva, jisameM anukUla ghaTanA yA paristhiti ke prApta hone para vyakti sukha kA anubhava karatA hai, svIkArAtmaka tanAva kahalAtA hai, jaise - laoNTarI khulanA, naukarI laganA, vivAha honA, lAbha honA, manoraMjana karanA, sammAna milanA, ghUmane-phirane jAnA, padonnati honA, kAmabhoga karanA aadi-aadi| ise sAmAnyatayA tanAva nahIM mAnA jAtA, kintu Adhunika manovaijJAnika heMsa selI (Hans Selye)" Adi ne ise bhI tanAva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi ise bAhya dRSTi se acche tanAva ke rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai, kyoMki isameM azAnti, bhaya, cintA Adi nahIM, apitu khuzI aura romAMca kA anubhava hotA hai, phira bhI jainadRSTi se yaha tanAva hitakara nahIM hai| yaha tanAva rAgAtmaka vRttiyoM kA poSaka hotA hai evaM jaise-jaise isakI tIvratA bar3hatI hai, vaise-vaise kaSAyoM kI vizeSa abhivRddhi hotI jAtI hai| yaha tanAva raudradhyAna kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai aura pApakarmoM ke bandha kA kAraNa banatA hai| 8,79 ka svIkArAtmaka tanAva hiMsAnandI - hiMsA meM Anandita honA mRSAnandI - jhUTha meM Anandita honA / cauryAnandI - corI meM Anandita honA parigrahAnandI -saMgraha karake Anandita honA (*atitIvra raudradhyAna kI apekSA se naraka, tIvra kI apekSA se tiryaMca, manda kI apekSA se manuSya evaM atimanda se devagati kI prApti hotI hai|) yadyapi Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se ise sukhada tanAva (Eustress) kahA jAtA hai, lekina jainadRSTi se yaha kAmabhogAdi se utpanna tanAva bhI duHkhada hI hai, kyoMki yaha kSaNabhara ke lie sukha dekara cirakAla taka duHkha hI duHkha detA hai| jisase adhika duHkha aura thor3A sukha mile, vaha na to hitakara ho sakatA hai aura na hI priykr| vastutaH, vaha sukha bhI sukha nahIM hai, jo antataH duHkha rUpa meM pariNata ho jaae| jainAcAryoM ne isa harSa-janita sukha ke bajAya samatA-janita sukha ko hI ucita batAyA hai| (kha) nakArAtmaka tanAva - vaha tanAva, jisameM pratikUla ghaTanA yA paristhiti ke milane para vyakti duHkha evaM kaSTa kA anubhava karatA hai, nakArAtmaka tanAva kahalAtA hai, jaise - priyajanoM kI mRtyu honA, vyApAra meM nukasAna honA, spardhA meM hAranA, prAkRtika prakopa honA, zArIrika asvasthatA honA, apamAna honA aadi-aadi| ise na kevala jainAcAryoM ne, apitu Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM ne bhI nakArA hai| isase vyakti kI mAnasika zAnti evaM sthiratA taranta bhaMga ho jAtI hai tathA zarIra para duSprabhAva bhI par3atA hai| yaha dveSAtmaka vRttiyoM kA poSaka hai aura krodha, mAna, bhaya, arati, zoka, nirAzA, kuNThA Adi 20 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 382 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #465
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne isa pariNAma ko ArttadhyAna ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai aura ise bhI saMkleza tathA pApakarmoM ke bandhana kA hetu kahA hai| 82,8 nakArAtmaka tanAva A rtta dhyA na prApta huI apriya vastu se mukta hone kI cintA viyoga huI priya vastu ko prApta karane kI cintA aprApta priya vastu ko prApta karane kI cintA zArIrika vedanA se mukta hone kI cintA 383 142 yadyapi Adhunika manovaijJAnika keTsa DI vrija (Kets de Vries, 1979) ke anusAra, hara vyakti ko apane kAryoM ko sampAdita karane ke lie kucha dabAva yA tanAva Avazyaka hai, 84 parantu jainadRSTi ke anusAra, yaha vicAraNA ucita nahIM hai, ise niyama nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, vyakti ko samyak vicAroM ke sAtha tanAvarahita hokara kArya kA sampAdana karanA caahie| kahA bhI gayA hai kArya karo, lekina mana ko dUSita mata hone do| 85 -- ti manuSya ke jIvana-vyavahAra meM tanAva kI mAtrA kA bhI mahattva hai| mAtrA ke AdhAra para bhI tanAva ke do rUpa ho sakate haiM ryaM 1) ucca tanAva (Hyper Stress ) vaha tanAva, jisakA stara bahuta adhika tIvra hotA hai aura jo vyakti kI anukUlana (Adaptation) kI sImAoM ko bhI pAra kara jAtA hai, ucca tanAva kahalAtA hai, jaise atyadhika kAryAlayIna kAryabhAra, atyadhika pArivArika evaM sAmAjika dAyitva, parIkSA yA prema meM asaphala hone para AtmahatyA kA prayatna Adi / 2) nimna tanAva (Hypo Stress ) vaha tanAva, jisakA stara sAmAnya se alpa hotA hai aura jisase vyakti kI niSkriyatA bar3hatI hai, nimna tanAva kahalAtA hai, jaise akele jAnA, kArya nivRtta ho jAnA, ekAnta sthAna para jAnA Adi / ga adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana ti Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM ke matAnusAra, tanAva (aprazasta ) yadi alpa ho jAtA hai, to Uba aura aruci se mana kSubdha (Disturb ) ho jAtA hai tathA tanAva yadi adhika ho jAtA hai, to zArIrika evaM mAnasika sthiratA bhaMga ho jAtI hai| ataH tanAva sAmAnya (madhyama) mAtrA meM honA cAhie / For Personal & Private Use Only yahA~ yaha ullekha karanA bhI ucita hogA ki yadi vyakti kA tanAva sAmAnya se adhika athavA alpa rahatA hai, to usakI kAryakSamatA bhI prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rahatI / 21
Page #466
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Relationship Between Stress and Job Performance (tanAva evaM kAryakSamatA kA sambandha) High Too little stress & Low performance (atyalpa tanAva, alpa kArya) Optimal Stress/Performance Too much stress & Low performance (atyadhika tanAva, alpa kArya) Performance (kArya) Low Low Stress Level Boredom, Apathy High Motivation, & Lethargy High energy & Alertness (Uba, anicchA evaM udAsI) | (ucca abhipreraNa, ucca UrjA evaM sajagatA) High Panic, Collapse & Indecisiveness (kaSTa, zithilatA evaM anirNAyakatA) jainadRSTi ke anusAra, aprazasta tanAva ko sAdhanA ke dvArA kama karate jAnA caahie| yadi vivekapUrNa tarIke se aprazasta tanAva ko kramazaH kama kiyA jAe, to isase mAnasika Uba yA aruci nahIM, apitu prasannatA evaM tAjagI kA anubhava hotA hai| jainazAstroM meM jainamuni evaM cakravartI ke sukhoM kI tulanA karate hue kahA gayA hai - sampUrNa AsaktiyoM se mukta evaM prasannatA se yukta sAdhaka ko jaisA sukha milatA hai, vaisA sukha cakravartI ko bhI nahIM mila sktaa| anyatra yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki rAga-dveSarahita sAdhaka ko jo sukha prApta hotA hai, usake anantaveM bhAga kI samAnatA bhI cakravartI kA sukha nahIM kara sktaa| isase spaSTa hai ki jIvana-prabandhaka ko sAdhanA ke dvArA aprazasta tanAva kA alpIkaraNa karate jAnA caahie| jainazAstroM meM yadyapi aprazasta tanAva ko kama karate jAne kI preraNA bArambAra dI gaI hai, tathApi eka nizcita bhUmikA meM jI rahe sAdhaka ko apanI bhUmikAnusAra pravRtti evaM nivRtti kA santulana banAne kA sadupadeza bhI diyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jIvana-prabandhaka ko sAmAnya (madhyama) sthiti meM rahate hue kramazaH tanAva ke alpIkaraNa kA prayAsa karate rahanA cAhie, jisase usakI aMtaraMga abhipreraNA (Motivation), UrjA (Energy) evaM sajagatA (Alertness) banI rahe aura kAryakSamatA adhikatama ho ske| 22 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 384 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #467
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ poooo boo0va boo0va boood booog ++0000 7.3.5 tanAva kI prakriyA tanAva eka nirantara gatizIla prakriyA hai, jo vyakti evaM vastu kI vAtAvaraNIya parivartana ke prati anukriyA kI sUcaka hai| yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai ki tanAva utpanna hone kI prakriyA kyA hai aura koI vastu apane AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNa se kaise prabhAvita hotI hai? isa prazna kA samyak nirAkaraNa mana-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika niyamoM ke nirdhAraNa ke lie atyAvazyaka hai| jainadRSTikoNa se tanAva kI utpatti kI prakriyA ko samajhane ke lie nimna vaijJAnika dRSTAnta kA sahArA liyA jA sakatA hai - lohe ke eka piNDa ko hama tanAva ke adhyayana kA AdhAra banA sakate haiN| isameM anekAneka sUkSma kaNa (Molecules) hote haiM, jo eka-dUsare se saTe hue aura suvyavasthita DhaMga se jame hue rahate haiN| jaba isa loha-piNDa para koI bAhya dabAva AtA hai, taba tIna prakAra kI (a) mUla sthiti sthitiyA~ nirmita ho jAtI haiM - pooo jaba isa para dabAne vAlA bala (Compressive force) lagAyA - 00000 *+00000 jAtA hai, taba isameM maujUda paramANu usa bala kA pratikAra karate 000001 haiM, parantu yadi bala adhika hotA hai, to ye paramANu use sahana (ba) prathama vikRta sthiti nahIM kara pAte aura daba jAte haiN| jaba khIMcane vAlA bala (Tensile Force) lagAyA jAtA hai, taba : --00ood ye paramANu usa bala kA bhI pratikAra karate haiM, parantu sahana nahIM - hone para ye khiMca jAte haiN| (sa) dvitIya vikRta sthiti jaba mor3ane vAlA bala (Shearing Force) kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, taba bhI ye paramANu pahale to usa bala kA pratikAra karate haiM, parantu sahana nahIM hone para ye mur3a jAte haiN| 4 bo0va uparyukta udAharaNa se spaSTa hai ki bAhya dabAva se bacane ke lie (da) tatIya vikata sthiti loha-piNDa meM eka viziSTa anukriyA hotI hai, jo usa bAhya bala kA virodha (pratirodha) karatI hai| yaha pratirodhI zakti eka prakAra kA aMtaraMga bala yA dabAva paidA karatI hai aura ise hI tanAva kahate haiN| isa tanAva se vastu kI sthiti caramarA jAtI hai aura usameM avyavasthitatA (Disturbance) A jAtI hai, jisase usakA AkAra bhI vikRta (Deformed) ho jAtA hai| vastu meM bAhya-dabAva ko sahana karane kI kSamatA to hotI hai, parantu isake lagAtAra bar3hane para eka sImA ke bAda vastu meM sthAyI vikRti A jAtI hai| itanA hI nahIM, bAhya dabAva ke asahanIya ho jAne para vastu TUTakara vibhakta bhI ho sakatI hai| + + boo00+ 727007 boood boood 385 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #468
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isI dRSTAnta ke AdhAra para mAnavIya jIvana meM tanAva kI prakriyA ko nimna sthitiyoM dvArA samajhA jA sakatA hai - jaba vyakti sahaja hotA hai, taba usake bhAva zAnta hote haiM aura mana meM sthiratA tathA zarIra meM svasthatA banI rahatI hai| jaba use koI mAnasika, zArIrika athavA bAharI paristhitiyA~ (Stimulents) milatI haiM, taba use eka prakAra kI kamI kA ehasAsa hotA hai, jisakI pUrti hetu mana meM icchAe~ yA AkAMkSAe~ utpanna hone lagatI haiM, ina icchAoM se eka vizeSa bala yA dabAva paidA ho jAtA hai, jo tanAva kA hI prArambhika rUpa hai| jaise-jaise icchAoM kA dabAva bar3hatA hai, vaise-vaise mana-vacana-kAyA evaM kaSAya kI pravRtti bhI bar3hatI jAtI hai aura pUrti kA prayatna bhI, phalasvarUpa tanAva aura tIvra ho jAtA hai| yahA~ do prakAra kI sthitiyA~ nirmita ho sakatI haiM - 1) kisI prakAra kI bAdhA kA utpanna na honA evaM icchA ke anurUpa phala kA milanA athavA 2) kisI vighna kA upasthita honA evaM icchA ke anurUpa kArya na hokara pratikUla kArya ho jaanaa| pahalI sthiti meM icchA-pUrti ho jAne se tanAva samApta ho jAtA hai, kintu dUsarI sthiti meM atRpta icchAoM kA dabAva banA hI rahatA hai aura mana meM isase caMcalatA evaM AturatA kI vizeSa abhivRddhi hotI hai| vyakti kI eka hI aMtaraMga pukAra hotI hai - 'yaha honA hI cAhie, honA hI caahie'| phalasvarUpa, use atyadhika tanAva kA anubhava hotA hai| pahalI vAlI sthiti svIkArAtmaka tanAva arthAt sukhada tanAva kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai, jo prasannatA evaM harSa ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotA hai| yaha tanAva hI aise saMskAroM yA manobhAvoM ko utpanna karatA hai, jisase isa prakAra kI icchAe~ punaH-punaH jAgrata hotI rhe| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isa sthiti ko 'sumanaskatA' kahA gayA hai| dUsarI sthiti nakArAtmaka tanAva arthAta du:khada tanAva kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai, jo zoka , bhaya , krodha, ghRNA, viSAda Adi bhAvoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isa sthiti ko 'durmanaskatA' kahA gayA hai|" ye donoM prakAra ke tanAva zIghra bhI samApta ho sakate haiM, lambe samaya taka bhI cala sakate haiM yA sthAyI vikRti (Permanent Disorder) ke rUpa meM bhI parivartita ho sakate haiN| ye tanAva AtmA meM bhAvanAtmaka parivartana ke rUpa meM prArambha hote haiM, phira mana ko prabhAvita karate haiM, jisase zarIra kI antaHsrAvI granthiyoM (Endocrine Glands) se aneka prakAra ke ahitakArI hArmonsa kA srAva hone lagatA hai, jo rakta meM milakara zarIra ke saMvedanazIla aMgoM meM pahuMcakara unheM duSprabhAvita kara detA hai| antataH ina tanAvoM se vyakti ke sampUrNa zArIrika, mAnasika, vAcika evaM Atmika vyaktitva kA vighaTana ho jAtA hai aura isakA dUragAmI prabhAva sAmAjika 24 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 386 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #469
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ evaM paryAvaraNIya stara para bhI par3a sakatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM isa tanAva ke duSpariNAma ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki jo svayaM tanAvagrasta rahatA hai, vaha sabake tanAva (paritApa) kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai|92 ===== ===== 387 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 25 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #470
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 7.4 vividha mAnasika vikAra evaM unake duSpariNAma __ Aja kA mAnava apanI upalabdhiyoM se santuSTa nahIM hai| vaha jIvana ko asmitA, icchA aura AkAMkSAoM ke bIca meM bItA rahA hai| vyakti kA ahaM hI usakI asmitA hai, vaha kucha pAnA cAhatA hai, yaha usakI icchA hai aura vaha bhaviSya meM kucha honA cAhatA hai, yaha usakI AkAMkSA hai| jaba ina tInoM kI pUrti nahIM hotI, to manovikAroM kA janma hotA hai| ina tInoM kI pUrti na ho pAne se jIvana meM aneka AvazyakatAe~ mahasUsa hotI rahatI hai| ye AvazyakatAe~ itanI pramukha bana jAtI haiM ki vyakti kA pUrA jIvana hI inakI pUrti ke prayAsoM meM bIta jAtA hai| upAdhyAya vinayavijayajI ne inakA mArmika citraNa karate hue kahA hai ki prAthamika icchAe~ bhojana-pAnI ko upalabdha karane kI haiM, dUsarI vastra, makAna aura alaMkAra kI prApti ke lie hotI haiM, to tIsarI vivAha, santAna prApti aura priya aindrika-viSayoM ko pAne kI hotI haiN| 93 isa prakAra, prAthamika AvazyakatAe~ kramazaH bar3hatI huI icchA aura tRSNA kA rUpa le letI haiN| inakI pUrti kA prayatna utanA hI duSkara hai, jitanA chalanI ko jala se bhrnaa| ataH vyakti kI icchA aura tRSNA kabhI samApta hI nahIM ho paatii| ina antahIna icchAoM ke calate Aja kA vyakti mAnasika vyagratA se becaina hotA rahatA hai| vaha kabhI atIta kI smRtiyoM meM kho jAtA hai, to kabhI bhaviSya kI kalpanAoM meM baha jAtA hai aura kabhI vartamAna kI jhaMjhaToM meM pha~sa jAtA hai| kabhI apanI upalabdhiyoM ke bAre meM socakara (kSaNika) santoSa kA anubhava karatA hai, to kabhI bAdhAoM ke bAre meM cintita hokara nirAza ho jAtA hai| eka hI kSaNa pahale ghara ke bAre meM socatA hai, to dUsare hI kSaNa arthArjana ke bAre meM aura phira agale hI kSaNa apanI sAmAjika sthiti ke bAre meM socane lagatA hai| isIlie jainAcAryoM ko kahanA par3A ki yaha mana bandara kI taraha caMcala hai, jo kSaNabhara ke lie bhI zAnta hokara nahIM baiTha sktaa|5 isa prakAra, vyakti ke vicAroM evaM vikalpoM kA pravAha anavarat rupa se banA hI rahatA hai aura vaha eka hI dina meM asaMkhya vikalpoM (adhyavasAyoM) ke bIca meM jhUlatA rahatA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki aneka vikalpoM ke kAraNa yaha vyakti aneka citta vAlA hai| jaba-jaba bhI vyakti paristhiti yA ghaTanA kA vizleSaNa evaM mUlyAMkana karatA hai, taba-taba usake bhItara kI supta vAsanAe~ (saMjJAe~) jAgrata hokara icchA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI haiN| phira unakI pUrti kI AkAMkSA se eka tanAva utpanna hotA hai, jo Atma-pradezoM ko spandita karatA hai tathA yaha spandana mana, vANI aura zarIra kI sakriyatA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hone lagatA hai| zanaiH-zanaiH AtmA meM krodhAdi manovikAroM kA prAdurbhAva hotA jAtA hai, jinase AtmA Akula-vyAkula (duHkhI) hotI rahatI hai| yadi ye visaMgatiyA~ niyaMtrita nahIM hoM, to ye vyakti ke vyaktitva ko hI vighaTita karake aneka prakAra ke manorogoM tathA pArivArika evaM sAmAjika tanAvoM kA kAraNa bhI bana jAtI haiN| isa prakAra, icchAe~ tanAva 26 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 388 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #471
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ko aura tanAva hI manovikAroM ko janma detA hai| bAhya uddIpaka (External Stimulents) saMjJAoM yA icchAoM kA abhipreraNa (Motivation by Instincts) AtmapradezoM kI caMcalatA Vibration of Spatial units of Soul) mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRtti (Activity of Mind, Speech and Body) krodhAdi bhAva (Anger and other passions) AkulatA-vyAkulatA (Mental Disturbances) vaiyaktika vighaTana (Personal Disintegration) sAmAjika vighaTana (Social Disintegration) icchAoM se tanAva, tanAva se manovikAra 7.4.1 mAnasika vikAroM ke vividha rUpa vyakti kI pratyeka pravRtti (Action) kA sambandha aMtaraMga vRttiyoM se hotA hai| jaba aMtaraMga vRttiyA~ vikRta ho jAtI haiM, to bAhya pravRttiyA~ bhI unase prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rhtii| sAmAnyatayA ina vikRta-vRttiyoM ko hI mAnasika-vikAra kahA jAtA hai| inake vividha rUpa hote haiM, jaise - cintA, kuNThA , bhaya, zoka, IrSyA aadi| Adhunika manovijJAna meM ina vRttiyoM ko saMvega (Emotions) kahA jAtA hai| 'Emotion' laiTina zabda 'Emovere' se banA hai, jisakA artha hai - uttejita karanA (To excite) / ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMvega vyakti ko uttejita karate haiN|98 Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM ne saMvegoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra se kiyA hai| 389 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 27 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #472
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMvega (Emotions) sakArAtmaka (Positive) nakArAtmaka (Negative) prema (Love) Ananda, harSa, prasannatA (Joy) krodha (Anger) udAsI (Sadness) Dara (Fear) anurAga, prIti, paramasukha sneha (Bliss) duHkha (Annoyance) (pIr3A-santApa (Agony) cintA, kleza ((Worry) (Fondness) moha, mUr3hatA (Infatuation) santuSTi (Contentment) zatrutA (Hostility) zoka, duHkha, kheda, pazcAttApa (Grief) bhayAnaka, DarAvanA (Horror) anAdara garva, sammAna (Pride/Esteem) (Contempt) aparAdha (Guilt) IrSyA akelApana (Jealousy) | (Lonliness) jaina-paramparA meM ina mUla pravRttiyoM evaM tajjanya saMvegoM ko saMjJA ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai, jaise - AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha aadi| jainadarzana ke anusAra, AtmA mana ke saMyoga se aneka kAryoM ko karatI hai| jinameM tIna mukhya haiM - 1) jJAnAtmaka, 2) bhAvAtmaka evaM 3) kriyaatmk| inheM jainadarzana meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kahA gayA hai| AtmA apanI zuddha avasthA meM hone para ina kAryoM ko zuddha rUpa meM pUrNa karatI hai aura azuddha avasthA meM rahatI huI azuddha rUpa meN| isa azuddha avasthA meM ajJAnarUpa kArya hone se bhAvoM meM kaluSita manovRttiyoM kI utpatti hotI hai, jinheM jaina-manovijJAna meM kaSAya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| 'kaSAya' zabda 'kaS' aura 'Aya' - ina do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai| kaS kA artha hai - saMsAra evaM Aya kA artha hai - laabh| ataH bArambAra saMsAra kI prApti karAne vAlI citta-vRtti kaSAya hai| 100 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke anusAra 101 - 'jisase duHkhoM kI prApti hotI hai, vaha kaSAya hai|' rAjavArttikakAra ke anusAra102 - 'jo AtmA kA hanana kare, use kugati meM le jAe, vaha kaSAya hai|' gommaTasAra ke anusAra103 - 'karmarUpI kheta ko jotakara jo sukha-duHkha rUpI dhAnya ko utpanna karatI hai, vaha kaSAya hai|' isa prakAra jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM, kaSAya citta kSubdha karane vAlI malina manovRtti hai aura ise hI mAnasika vikAra kahate haiN| 28 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 390 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #473
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM kaSAya ke mukhyatayA do bheda batAe gae haiM104 - rAga evaM dvess| anukUla , iSTa evaM priya padArthoM ke prati AkarSaNa kA bhAva 'rAga' kahalAtA hai, to pratikUla , aniSTa evaM apriya padArthoM ke prati vikarSaNa kA bhAva 'dveSa' kahalAtA hai| rAga aura dveSa bhAvoM kI taratamatA banI hI rahatI hai, kyoMki jo saMyoga kabhI iSTa rUpa lagatA hai, vahI saMyoga kisI anya samaya aniSTa rUpa pratIta hone lagatA hai| prazamaratigrantha meM rAga aura dveSa ke ATha-ATha rUpoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai105 - rAga bhAva dveSa bhAva icchA - iSTa saMyoga kI cAhanA doSa - cittavRtti kA dUSita honA kAma - priya milana kI vizeSa bhAvanA asUyA - anya ke guNoM ko sahana na karanA abhilASA - icchita saMyoga kI tIvratama kAmanA pracaNDana - tIvra gussA karanA abhinanda - manokAmanA pUrNa hone para atiharSa honA matsara - dveSa ke kAraNa yathArthatA ko chipAnA sneha - vyaktivizeSa ke prati anurAga honA parivAda - dUsaroM ke doSa dekhanA evaM batAnA mamatva - vastu yA vyakti ke prati svAmitva honA roSa - anya ke saubhAgya, rUpa evaM lokapriyatA Adi ko dekhakara krodha karanA gRddhatA - prApta viSayoM meM saghana lipsA honA IrSyA - kisI kI sampatti Adi dekhakara jalanA evaM usake nAza kI durbhAvanA karanA mUrchA - manapasanda viSayoM meM gahana Asakti honA vaira - paraspara mArapITa Adi se sthAyI krodha kA utpanna honA ina rAga evaM dveSa kI malina vRttiyoM se Aja samUcA saMsAra trasta hai| jaise-jaise bhautika sukha-suvidhA evaM vilAsitA ke sAdhanoM kI upalabdhatA bar3hatI jA rahI hai, vaise-vaise inake prati vyakti kI Asakti bhI tIvra hotI jA rahI hai| isa bar3hatI huI Asakti se rAga aura dveSa bhI aniyaMtrita hote jA rahe haiM, jinase vyakti ko azAnti evaM daHkha ke sivAya kacha nahIM mila rahA hai| ataH mana kA kuprabandhana karake kaSTa pAne vAloM ke lie jainAcArya kahate haiM ki rAga-dveSa duHkhoM ke mUla haiM,106 koI dUsarA zatru bhI utanI hAni nahIM pahu~cAtA, jitanI hAni ye aniyaMtrita rAga aura dveSa pahu~cAte haiN| 107 ataH mana ke aprabandhana (asaMyama) se nivRtti tathA suprabandhana (saMyama) meM pravRtti karanI caahie|108 isIlie kaSAya kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karane ke lie jainAcAryoM ne kaSAyoM kA eka viziSTa prakAra se vargIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai| inake anusAra, AvegoM kI tIvratA (Intensity) kI dRSTi se kaSAya ke do bheda haiM - jo tIvra Avega haiM, unheM kaSAya tathA jo manda Avega haiM, unheM nokaSAya kahanA caahie| vastutaH, ye nokaSAya tIvra AvegoM (kaSAyoM) kI sahAyaka hotI haiN| 109 jainAcAryoM ne ina tIvra Avega rUpa 'kaSAya' ke cAra bheda bhI batAe haiM - krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobh| inameM se pratyeka kaSAya ko inakI tIvratA ke AdhAra para punaH cAra prakAra se vibhakta kiyA gayA 391 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 20 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #474
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai - anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnI, pratyAkhyAnI evaM sNjvln| anantAnubandhI krodhAdi, ve tIvratama Avega haiM, jo vyakti ke dRSTikoNa ko hI sahI nahIM hone dete| isase kama tIvra apratyAkhyAnI krodhAdi ke Avega haiM, jo vyakti ke Atma-prabandhana kI zakti ko alpAMza bhI abhivyakta nahIM hone dete| isase aura kama tIvra pratyAkhyAnI krodhAdi ke Avega haiM, jo vyakti ke Atma-prabandhana ke sAmarthya ko uccatama stara taka pahu~cane hI nahIM dete| cauthe sabase manda saMjvalana krodhAdi ke Avega haiM, jo vyakti ke Atma-prabandhana kI paripUrNatA arthAt kaSAyarahitatA kI avasthA ke lie avarodha paidA karate haiN| 110 samyak mana-prabandhana ke lie jainAcAryoM ne ina anantAnubandhI Adi kASAyika bhAvoM para kramazaH vijaya prApta karate hue antataH vItarAgatA rUpI paripUrNa mAnasika Arogya dazA ko pAne kA nirdeza diyA hai| jainAcAryoM ne manda Avega rUpa 'nokaSAya' ke bhI nau bheda darzAe haiM - hAsya , rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, ghRNA, strI-veda, purUSa-veda evaM npuNsk-ved| saMkSepa meM, ina cAra krodhAdi kaSAya tathA nau hAsyAdi nokaSAya kA svarUpa nimna hai, jise jAnakara mana-prabandhana kI kaSAyarahita avasthA ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) krodha - yaha eka aisA manovikAra hai, jisase vyakti uttejita ho jAtA hai, kintu usakI vicAra-kSamatA aura tarkazakti zithila ho jAtI hai| yaha zarIra aura mana ko santApa detA hai, vaira kA kAraNa banatA hai tathA durgati kI ora le jAtA hai|11 krodhI vyakti usa diyAsalAI ke samAna hotA hai, jo dUsare ko jalAe yA nahIM, parantu svayaM to jhulasatA hI hai| 112 pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka ko sthAnAMgasUtra meM varNita krodhotpatti ke nimna kAraNoM ke AdhAra para apanA ucita mUlyAMkana karanA caahie|113 Atma-pratiSThita - svanimitta se krodha aanaa| para-pratiSThita - paranimitta se krodha aanaa| tadubhaya-pratiSThita - sva-para donoM ke nimitta se krodha aanaa| apratiSThita - binA nimitta ke hI citta kA kSubdha ho jaanaa| __krodha vastutaH kArya hai aura usake kAraNa haiM - mAna, mAyA aura lobha / abhimAna ko Thesa lagane para, mAyA (kuTilatA) ke prakaTa hone para athavA lobha ke pUrNa na hone para vyakti kI krodha-jvAlAe~ bhabhakane lagatI haiN| krodha kA nimitta bhale hI koI padArtha yA prANI ho, parantu mUla kAraNa to Atma-malinatA hI hai|14 (2) mAna - yaha bhI eka manovikAra hai, jo svayaM ko ucca evaM dUsaroM ko nimna samajhane se utpanna hotA hai| isase vinaya , jJAna aura sadAcAra naSTa ho jAte haiM tathA viveka bhI lupta ho jAtA hai| yaha dharma, artha aura kAma kA ghAtaka hai| isa mAna kaSAya ke kAraNa hI vyakti hIna bhAvanA (Inferiority Complex) evaM Atmagaurava kI bhAvanA (Superiority Complex) ke tanAva se trasta rahatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 30 392 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #475
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sthAnAMgasUtra meM mAnotpatti ke bhI cAra kAraNa nirdiSTa haiM - Atma-pratiSThita, para-pratiSThita, tadubhaya-pratiSThita evaM apratiSThita / 115 (3) mAyA - yaha kaSAya 'kuTilatA' kI bodhaka hai| mAyAvI vyakti ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai - jo mana meM hotA hai, use vaha kahatA nahIM aura jo kahatA hai, use vaha karatA nhiiN| vastutaH mAyAvI vyakti usa zahada lagI churI ke samAna hai, jo mRdu vyavahAra se vizvAsa jItakara vizvAsaghAta karatA hai| vaha svArthasiddhi ke lie chala-kapaTa kA Azraya lekara vividha svAMga racane meM hI apanI mAnasika UrjA kA apavyaya karatA rahatA hai| antataH bheda khula jAne para vaha atyadhika tanAvagrasta evaM zokAkula ho jAtA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM mAyotpatti ke bhI cAra kAraNa nirdiSTa haiM - Atma-pratiSThita, para-pratiSThita, tadubhaya-pratiSThita evaM aprtisstthit|118 (4) lobha - yaha sabhI manovikAroM kA janaka hai evaM isake vazIbhUta hone vAlA vyakti jo 'hai' usameM santuSTa na hokara sadaiva 'honA cAhie' kI lAlasA meM lIna rahatA hai| isase bhI mAnasika UrjA kA atyadhika apavyaya hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie lobha ko duHkha rUpI bela kI jar3a batAyA hai| 119 sthAnAMgasUtra meM lobhotpatti ke bhI cAra kAraNa nirdiSTa haiM - Atma-pratiSThita, para-pratiSThita, tadubhaya-pratiSThita evaM apratiSThita / 120 (5) hAsya - sukha yA prasannatA kI abhivyakti hI hAsya hai| isameM aneka prakAra ke manobhAvoM kI abhipreraNA kArya karatI hai, jaise - kabhI vyakti kisI kA upahAsa karane, to kabhI kisI ko ha~sAne ke lie hAsya karatA hai| ise bhI jainAcAryoM ne manovikAra hI batAyA hai| (6) rati - yaha manovikAra indriya viSayoM meM citta kI tanmayatA yA prIti kA sUcaka hai, isase aneka prakAra kI krIr3AoM ke prati Asakti kA janma hotA hai| (7) arati - apriya indriya viSayoM meM aruci hI arati hai| yaha manovikAra vikasita hokara ghRNA aura dveSa bana jAtA hai| (8) bhaya - kisI vAstavika yA kAlpanika ghaTanA se bacane kI vRtti hI bhaya hai| isa manovikAra meM AtmasurakSA kA bhAva prabala hotA hai| isake sAta bheda batAe gae haiM - ihaloka kA bhaya , paraloka kA bhaya, AdAna kA bhaya , akasmAt vipadA kA bhaya, AjIvikA kA bhaya, maraNa kA bhaya evaM apayaza kA bhy| (9) zoka - iSTa viyoga evaM aniSTa saMyoga se hone vAlI citta kI vikalatA hI zoka hai| yaha manovikAra bhI mAnasika samatva kA ghAtaka hai| 393 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 31 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #476
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (10) ghRNA azucimaya padArthoM kI upasthiti athavA bhoga ke asahya ho jAne para jisa viziSTa aruci rUpa manovikAra kI utpatti hotI hai, use ghRNA kahate haiM / - ( 11 ) strIveda purUSa - sambhoga kI kAmanA hI strIveda hai| yaha manovikAra dera se pradIpta hotA hai, lekina eka bAra pradIpta ho jAne para kAphI samaya taka zAnta nahIM hotA / (12) puruSaveda strI - sambhoga kI kAmanA hI purUSaveda hai| yaha manovikAra zIghra hI pradIpta hokara zIghra hI zAnta bhI ho jAtA hai| ( 13 ) napuMsakaveda - strI evaM purUSa donoM ke sambhoga kI kAmanA hI napuMsakaveda hai, jo zIghra pradIpta ho jAtA hai, kintu lambe samaya taka zAnta nahIM hotA / isa prakAra, manovijJAna jinheM saMvega (Emotions) kahatA hai, jainadarzana meM unheM hI 'kaSAya' kahA jAtA hai| ina kaSAyoM evaM nokaSAyoM kI upasthiti mana - prabandhana ke lie bahuta bar3I bAdhA hai, kyoMki ye vyakti kI zArIrika evaM mAnasika pravRttiyoM ko vicalita kara detI haiN| isase usakI zAnti bhaMga ho jAtI hai aura vaha anAvazyaka cintAoM evaM duvidhAoM ke jaMjAla meM pha~sa jAtA hai| 32 ye kaSAya evaM nokaSAya jaba mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM pariNata hotI haiM, taba eka viziSTa manobhAva kI utpatti hotI hai, jise jainAcAryoM ne 'lezyA' kahA hai| yaha lezyA do prakAra kI hotI hai zubha evaM ashubh| inake kula chaH bheda hote haiM kRSNa, nIla, kApota, pIta, padma evaM zukla / inakA varNana nimna tAlikAnusAra samajhanA cAhie 121 lezyA ke prakAra lezyA - -- kRSNa azubha nIla kApota pIta jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only zubha padma zukla 394
Page #477
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zubha-azubha lezyA vAloM kA vyaktitva kra. lezyA kA vivaraNa 1) kRSNa tIvra krodhI, kleza-kalahakArI, dayA-dharmarahita, santApaka, hiMsaka, krUra, asantoSI, tIvra vairI, mana-vacana-kAyA se asaMyamI ityaadi| 2) nIla viSayAsakta, mAnI, vivekabuddhirahita, AlasI, kAyara, mAyAvI, nidrAlu, lobhAndha, sukhazIla, caMcala, nirlajja, svAdalolupI, paudgalika-sukha kA icchuka, kArya ke prati aniSThAvAn ityaadi| 3) kApota kArya evaM vANI meM vakratA, parapIDAkArI, nindaka, Atma-prazaMsaka, nairAzyajIvI, kRtyAkRtya meM vivekarahita ityaadi| 4) pIta kRtyAkRtya meM vivekI, samadarzI, dayA-dAna meM rata, mRdu svabhAvI, jJAnI, satyavAdI, svakAryadakSa, sarvadharma samanvayaka, dRr3ha, nirmama, dayAlu, dharmaruci ityaadi| 5) padama tyAgI, bhadra, satyaniSTha, uttama kAryazIla, kSamAzIla, sAdhuoM ke prati pUjyabhAvadhAraka, krodharahita, mitabhASI, sarala hRdayI, jitendriya ityaadi| 6) zukla niSpakSa vyavahArI, anindaka, pApakAryoM se pare, zreyamArga meM ruci rakhane vAlA, AtmalIna, zatru ke doSoM para bhI dhyAna nahIM dene vAlA, vItarAga, vItadveSa ityaadi| 7.4.2 mAnasika-vikAroM ke duSpariNAma (1) duSpariNAmoM kI prathama avasthA mAnasika vikAra jaba lambe samaya taka calate rahate haiM, taba ve vyakti ke jIvana kA eka aMga bana jAte haiM evaM usake vyaktitva kA mUlyAMkana ina manovikAroM ke AdhAra para hotA hai| isa sthiti meM vyakti kA jIvana aneka avAMchita visaMgatiyoM se yukta ho jAtA hai, jaise - anItipUrNa arthopArjana atinidrA yA anidrA ekAgratA kI kamI amaryAdita kAmabhoga pApabhIrutA kA abhAva mAdaka dravyoM kA sevana svArtha evaM maukAparastI bhogAkAMkSA kI tIvratA ekAkIpana Aya se adhika vyaya kalaha evaM kleza anyamanaskatA * kAryoM meM aniyamitatA amaryAdita vezabhUSA * dezAcAra kA ullaMghana chidrAnveSaNa adhIratA durjanoM kI saMgati asaumyatA bAta-bAta meM AtmaprazaMsA nindanIya AcaraNa viSayoM kI parAdhInatA lajjAhInatA dharma-karttavya se vimukhatA cir3acir3AhaTa kRtaghnatA AgrahapUrNa vyavahAra atyadhika/ atyalpa asthiratA adUradarzitA bhojana-vRtti atipramAda evaM samaya kI asaMvedanazIlatA/kaThoratA asabhya vyavahAra barabAdI karuNAhInatA 395 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 33 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #478
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pratizodha evaM vaira kI vRtti atimanoraMjana AkrAmakatA (Offensiveness) vAda-vivAda evaM tarka-kutarka * atyadhika socanA-vicAranA lakSyahInatA Alasya evaM aruci yadi ina aprabandhita jIvana-vyavahAroM ko ucita samaya meM niyaMtrita nahIM kiyA jAe, to ye manorogoM, jaise - avasAda (Depression), atibhaya (Phobia) Adi kA rUpa bhI dhAraNa kara lete haiN| isIlie jainAcAryoM ne gRhastha ko apanI prAthamika bhUmikA ke nirmANa ke lie 'mArgAnusArI-guNoM' ke paripAlana kA nirdeza diyA hai| 122 ina guNoM kA dhAraka jIvana-prabandhaka sahajatA se apane Apako ghAtaka manorogoM ke kuca meM pha~sane se bacA sakatA hai| Avazyaka-niyuktikAra pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahate haiM - 'kaSAyoM ko alpa mAnakara vizvasta hokara nahIM baiTha jAnA cAhie, kyoMki isa kaSAya kI thor3I mAtrA hI bar3hakara bahuta ho jAtI hai| 123 (2) duSpariNAmoM kI dUsarI avasthA mAnasika vikAroM ke duSpariNAmoM kI dUsarI avasthA hai - tanAva ke pariNAmoM kA spaSTarUpa se abhivyakta honaa| tanAvagrasta aprabandhita jIvana-yApana karane para vyakti meM do prakAra kI vikRtiyA~ A jAtI haiM - mAnasika evaM shaariirik| mAnasika vikRti hone se vyakti ke mAnasika-kAryoM meM eka taraha kA vighaTana (Disruption) yA kSubdhatA (Disturbance) Ane lagatI hai, jo isa prakAra hai - (ka) saMjJAnAtmaka vikRti (Cognitive Impairment) 124 - yaha vikRti vyakti kI jJAnAtmaka-prakriyA meM hone vAle doSoM ko iMgita karatI hai| ekAgratA kI kamI cintA kI adhikatA * pratyakSaNa (Perception) kI kamI dhyAna yA avadhAna (Awareness) kI kamI smRti kI kamI tArkika evaM saMgaThita cintana kI kamI (kha) sAMvegika vikRti (Emotional Disorder)125 - yaha vikRti vyakti kI bhAvanAoM meM utpanna hone vAlI visaMgatiyoM se sambandhita hai| 1) cintA (Anxiety) - yaha Dara, AzaMkA evaM parezAnI Adi kI pradhAnatA vAlI vikRti hai| yadi cintA sAmAnya hotI hai, to vyakti kisI taraha tanAva utpanna karane vAlI paristhiti ke sAtha samAyojana kara letA hai, kintu yadi cintA asAmAnya (snAyu vikRta/Neurotic) hotI hai, to vyakti itanA adhika Dara jAtA hai ki paristhiti se nipaTane meM vaha svayaM ko asahAya mahasUsa karatA hai aura usakI sAmanA karane kI kSamatA bhI lagabhaga samApta ho jAtI hai| jahA~ phrAyaDa ne isa cintA ko acetana (Unconscious Mind) kA saMgharSa kahA hai, vahIM jainadarzana meM ise aMtaraMga saMjJAoM (Instincts) kI 34 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 396 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #479
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uthala-puthala kA pariNAma mAnA hai| 2) krodha evaM AkrAmakatA (Anger & Aggression) - tanAva utpanna karane vAlI paristhiti ke prati aMtaraMga meM kuNThAjanya krodha kA janma hotA hai aura yaha kabhI to usI nimitta para vyakta ho jAtA hai aura kabhI lAcArIvaza kisI niraparAdha pr| 3) bhAvazUnyatA tathA viSAda (Empathy & Depression) - jaba tanAva utpanna karane vAlI paristhiti ke prati vyakti krodha evaM AkrAmakatA nahIM dikhA pAtA, taba usake prati vyakti meM kuNThAjanya udAsInatA utpanna ho jAtI hai aura vaha apane Apako niHsahAya (Helpless) mahasUsa karane lagatA hai| zArIrika vikRti utpanna hone se vyakti kI daihika-kriyAoM meM asAmAnyatA Ane lagatI hai, jaise - saradarda, peTa kI gar3abar3I, hRdayagati kI vRddhi, zvasana gati meM uthala-puthala ityAdi / 125 jaba mAnasika tanAva bar3hatA hai, to zarIra meM bhI lar3o yA bhAgo (Fight or Flight) kI pratikriyAe~ prArambha ho jAtI haiM, mAno zarIra meM reDa elarTa (Red Alert) ghoSita ho gayA ho| sarvaprathama mastiSka ke eka bhAga 'hAipothailemasa' (Hypothelemus) se Adeza prasArita hotA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa nimnalikhita avAMchanIya manodaihika gatividhiyA~ (Psychosomatic Actions) prArambha ho jAtI haiM127 - piTyuTarI granthi se A.C.T.H. nAmaka hArmonsa kA risAva hotA hai, jo eDrInala granthi ko sakriya karatA hai| eDrInala granthi se kaoNrTIsola (Cortisol) hArmonsa kA risAva hotA hai, jo kaleje (Lever/yakRta) para kArya karatA hai| agnAzaya (Pancreas) meM atirikta mAtrA meM cInI (Sugar) kA utpAdana hotA hai, jisase mAMsapeziyoM ko tatkAla UrjA mila ske| zvasana kriyA tIvra ho jAtI hai, jisase adhika prANavAyu mila ske| mAnasika tanAva kA sAmanA karane ke lie eDrenalIna tathA naoNna-eDrenalIna jaise rasAyanoM kA risAva hotA hai, jisase zarIra meM atirikta zakti kA saMcAra ho ske| rakta pravAha bar3hAne ke lie hRdayagati bar3ha jAtI hai| bAhya rakta nalikAe~ saMkucita ho jAtI haiM, jisase akasmAt cIra-phAr3a jaisI sthiti nirmita hone para kama mAtrA meM rakta kA risAva ho sake ityaadi| isa prakAra, tanAvagrasta vyakti ke zarIra meM vyApaka stara para rAsAyanika parivartana hote haiN| 397 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 35 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #480
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) duSpariNAmoM kI tIsarI avasthA mAnasika vikAroM ke duSpariNAmoM kI tIsarI avasthA hai - bhayAvaha manorogoM kA honaa| yaha vaha sthiti hai, jaba vyakti sAmAjika evaM vaiyaktika rUpa se itanA adhika asantulita ho jAtA hai ki use apanI mAnasika samasyA ke nivAraNa ke lie anya cikitsakIya upacAra kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| DI. esa.ema. (IV) evaM AI.sI.DI. (X) - ye donoM varttamAna kI sarvAdhika prasiddha paddhatiyA~ haiM, jinameM bahupracalita manorogoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, inameM nirdiSTa pramukha manoroga isa prakAra haiM128 - * great facnfa (Anxiety Disorders) * manovicchedI vikRti (Dissociative Disorders) kAyaprArUpa vikRti (Somatoform Disorders) manodazA vikRti (Mood Disorders) manovidAlitA (Schizophrenia) manodaihika samasyAe~ (Psychosomatic Problems) * africa facofa (Personality Disorders) jainAcAryoM ne bhI mAnasika vikAroM arthAt kaSAya bhAvoM se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM ko darzAyA hai, jisase jIvana-prabandhaka kaSAya bhAvoM se bacane kI cetanA kA vikAsa kara ske| vyavahArabhASyakAra ke anusAra, mAnasika vikAroM se grasta citta asvastha (asAmAnya) hotA hai, jisakI tIna avasthAe~ hotI 1) kSiptamana129 - yaha cittarugNatA se sambandhita avasthA hai, jisake mUlatayA tIna kAraNa hote haiM - anurAga, bhaya evaM apmaan| * anurAga - kisI priya kA aniSTa yA maraNa jAnakara vikSipta honaa| * bhaya - hiMsaka pazu, zastra, megha-garjana, bijalI kar3akanA, dAvAnala , bama-visphoTa Adi se bhayAkrAnta hokara vikSipta honaa| * apamAna - sampatti china jAne, vAda-vivAda meM parAjita ho jAne Adi apamAnoM se vikSipta honaa| 2) dIptamana'30 - akasmAt atyadhika sammAna yA lAbha prApta hone para yA harSa kA atireka hone para yaha avasthA utpanna hotI hai| isameM vyakti khuzI ke mAre asambaddha AhlAda karane lagatA hai| 3) unmatta mana131 -- yaha avasthA digmUr3hatA se sambandhita hai, jisameM vyakti apane lie svayaM hI duHkha utpanna karatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne vividha kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se bhI ina kSiptAdi avasthAoM kA mArmika citraNa jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 398 36 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #481
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kiyA hai, jaise - roSa meM Akara somila brAhmaNa ne gajasukumAla muni ko mAra DAlA, kintu bAda meM kRSNa mahArAjA (gajasukumAla muni ke sAMsArika jyeSTha bhrAtA) ke daNDa se bhayabhIta hokara vaha vikSipta dazA meM pahu~cakara mRtyu ko prApta huaa|132 zAtavahana rAjA kA dRSTAnta bhI prasiddha hai, jise eka sAtha rAjyavijaya, putrotpatti evaM vipulanidhi-prApti ke samAcAra milane se atyadhika harSa hone lagA, isa harSAtireka meM usakA mAnasika santulana bhaMga ho gayA aura vaha zayyA pITate, khambhe girAte, dIvAra tor3ate evaM anAvazyaka pralApa karate hue dIptamana vAlA ho gyaa| 193 (4) duSpariNAmoM kI caturtha avasthA mAnasika vikAroM ke duSpariNAmoM kI cauthI avasthA hai - sAmAjika vighttn| mAnasika vikAra pahale vyakti ke vyaktitva kA vighaTana karate haiM aura yadi una para ucita niyaMtraNa na rakhA jAe, to ye pArivArika, sAmudAyika evaM vaizvika stara kI samasyAe~ bhI paidA kara dete haiN| Aja bar3hatA huA kleza-kalaha, mana-muTAva Adi isI kA pariNAma hai| itanA hI nahIM apaharaNa, hatyA, balAtkAra, AtaMkavAda , AtmahatyA, bhraSTAcAra, har3atAla, tor3a-phor3a, daMge-phasAda, lUTa-pATa, yuddha Adi bar3hatI huI asAmAjika ghaTanAe~ bhI dUSita mana se hI upajatI haiN| saMyukta rASTra saMgha ke ghoSaNApatra meM kahA bhI gayA hai - yuddha pahale mastiSka (mana) se lar3A jAtA hai aura phira yuddhakSetra meN| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki mana kA nakArAtmaka upayoga hI mahAvinAza kA kAraNa hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isIlie duSprayukta mana ko 'zastra' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai|15| =====4.>===== 399 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 37 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #482
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 7.5 vividha mAnasika vikAroM ke kAraNa : bahiraMga aura aMtaraMga __ pUrva meM hamane aprabandhita mana kI usa mahAvinAzakArI zakti ko jAnA, jisase vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika donoM prakAra kI vyavasthAoM kA sampUrNa vighaTana ho jAtA hai| prazna uThatA hai ki mana kI isa aprabandhita avasthA ke kyA kAraNa haiM? jainadarzana evaM Adhunika manovijJAna donoM hI yaha mAnate haiM ki mAnasika vikAra arthAt kaSAya (saMvega) kabhI bhI akAraNa nahIM hote| phira bhI, donoM mAnyatAoM meM AMzika samAnatA ke sAtha-sAtha thor3I asamAnatA bhI hai| jainadarzana meM sUkSma vizleSaNa karake ina kAraNoM ke do vibhAga kie haiM - bahiraMga kAraNa arthAt nimitta kAraNa evaM aMtaraMga kAraNa arthAt upAdAna (mUla) kaarnn| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, mAnasika vikAroM kI utpatti ke lie jo anukUla vAtAvaraNa nirmita karatA hai, vaha bahiraMga kAraNa hai| kintu isa bAhya pariveza se prabhAvita hone yA na hone kI kSamatA mUlataH hamArI AtmA meM hI hotI hai, ataH vaha aMtaraMga kAraNa hai| 7.5.1 mAnasika vikAroM ke bahiraMga kAraNa jainAcAryoM ne mAnasika vikAroM ke nimnalikhita cAra bahiraMga kArakoM kA varNana kiyA hai - svAbhAvika kAraka zArIrika kAraka naimittika kAraka mAnasika kAraka inameM se kSudhAdi kA honA svAbhAvika kAraka hai, zIta-uSNa-vAyu saMcAra Adi kA honA naimittika kAraka hai, rogAdi kA honA zArIrika kAraka hai aura iSTa-aniSTa vicAroM kA honA mAnasika kAraka hai|136 jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, mana ke samyak prabandhana ke abhAva meM vyakti ina kAraNoM se jaba prabhAvita hotA hai, taba tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM (duHkha) ko prApta hotA hai| jahA~ taka Adhunika manovijJAna kA savAla hai, isameM bhI mAnasika vikAroM kA sUkSma vizleSaNa karake nimnalikhita tIna kArakoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai - 1) jaivika kAraka arthAt zArIrika kAraka (Biological factors) 2) manaHsAmAjika kAraka (Psycho-social factors) 3) sAmAjika-sAMskRtika kAraka (Socio-cultural factors) (1) jaivika kAraka - yaha zArIrika avasthA se jur3A huA kAraka hai| isake nimna vibhAga haiM - AnuvAMzika doSa (Genetic Defects) - janmajAta hone vAle jInsa evaM guNasUtra (Chromosome) sambandhI doSa / zArIrika gaThana sambandhI kAraka (Constitutional factors) - zarIra ke DIlaDaula jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 400 38 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #483
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (Physique) sambandhI vizeSatAoM (guNa-doSoM) para AdhArita kaark| * jaiva-rAsAyanika kAraka (Biochemical factors) - zarIra ke hArmonsa , anya rasAyana tathA khAna-pAna sambandhI gar3abar3I vAle kaark| * mastiSkIya kSati sambandhI kAraka (Brain dysfunction factors) - mastiSka coTa , saMkramaNa (Infection), mAdaka padArtha sevana, mastiSka TyUmara, bur3hApA Adi se sambandhita mastiSkIya gar3abar3I vAle kaark| zArIrika tanAva (Physical Stress) - tApamAna, ArdratA , vAyudAba , tIvradhvani (kolAhala) Adi bhautika gar3abar3I tathA nirAzA, kuNThA, asurakSA, bhaya Adi manosAmAjika gar3abar3I karane vAle kAraka, jo zarIra meM tanAva utpanna karate haiN| (2) manaHsAmAjika kAraka - yaha vyakti aura usake vAtAvaraNa ke bIca utpanna hone vAle asAmaMjasya se sambandhita kAraka hai| isake pramukha vibhAga nimna haiM - saMjJAnAtmaka kAraka (Cognitive Factors) - svayaM kA aura vAtAvaraNa kA sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM kara pAne sambandhI kaark| bAlyAvasthA sambandhI samasyAe~ (Childhood Problems) - bacapana meM mAnasika-pIr3A, jaise - ghara meM ati-upekSA, AvAsIya skUloM athavA hosTaloM meM bhartI karAyA jAnA, mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu honA, koI avAMchanIya ghaTanA honA aadi| aparyApta pAlana-poSaNa (Inadequate Parenting) - bacce kI atisurakSA, usa para atiroka-Toka, usase atyadhika AzA yA usa para doSapUrNa anuzAsana lAdanA Adi lAlana-pAlana sambandhI doss| pArivArika samasyAe~ (Family Problems) - parivAra meM asvastha vAtAvaraNa kA honA ityaadi| sAthI sambandhI samasyAe~ (Friends & Relatives related Problems) - tAlamelavihIna sAthI/sambandhiyoM kA milanA ityaadi| (3) sAmAjika-sAMskRtika kAraka - yaha vividha sAmAjika tathA sAMskRtika pahaluoM se jur3A huA kAraka hai, isake mukhya vibhAga nimna haiM - sAmAjika-Arthika stara kA nimna honA (Lower Socio-economic status) viziSTa sAmAjika bhUmikA (Special Social Role), jaise - sainika, netA, prazAsaka, nyAyAdhIza, vaijJAnika Adi honaa| * sAmAjika sambandha (Social Relationship) meM kamI athavA visaMgatiyoM kA honaa| Arthika samasyAe~ (Economic Problems), jaise - berojagArI, vyApAra meM nukasAna Adi kA adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 39 401 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #484
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ honaa| sAmAjika-sAMskRtika vAtAvaraNa (Socio-cultural Environment) meM visaMgatiyoM, jaise hiMsA, jhUTha, kalaha Adi kI adhikatA ityAdi / spaSTa hai ki Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM asAmAnya arthAt aprabandhita manovyavahAra ke aneka kAraNa hote haiM / kula milAkara, jainadarzana evaM Adhunika manovijJAna donoM meM hI zArIrika evaM paristhitijanya kArakoM ko mAnasika vikAroM kA bahiraMga kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| kintu jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki ina bahiraMga kAraNoM se prabhAvita hone yA na hone meM vyakti svataMtra hai| bahiraMga kAraNoM kI anubhUti indriyAzrita hotI hai, ataH vyakti parataMtra hai, kintu pratikriyA AtmAzrita hotI hai, ataH vaha svataMtra bhI hai| yaha svataMtratA hI usakI prabandhana sambandhI yogyatA hai / 7.5.2 mAnasika vikAroM ke aMtaraMga kAraNa Adhunika manovijJAna meM sara sigmaNDa phrAyaDa (Sigmund Freud ) pahale aise manovaijJAnika haiM, jinhoMne mAnasika rogoM ke aMtaraMga (manovaijJAnika) kArakoM ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| unakI parikalpanA (Hypothesis) ke anusAra, mana ke tIna stara ( vibhAga) haiN| prathama cetana mana (Conscious mind) hai, jisameM ve sabhI anubhava evaM saMvedanAe~ hotI haiM, jinakA sambandha varttamAna se hai| dvitIya arddhacetana yA avacetana mana (Subconscious mind) hai, jisameM ve icchAe~, vicAra, bhAva Adi hote haiM, jo varttamAna meM prakaTa anubhava meM nahIM Ate, kintu thor3A prayatna karane para cetana mana meM A jAte haiN| tRtIya acetana mana (Unconsious mind) hai, jisameM ve damita icchAe~ hotI haiM, jo jAtitaura para vAsanAtmaka hotI haiM evaM jinakA svarUpa kAmuka (Sexual), asAmAjika (Antisocial), anaitika (Immoral) tathA ghRNita (Hateful) hotA hai / phrAyaDa evaM paravartI manovaijJAnikoM ke anusAra, acetana mana sabase mahattvapUrNa hai tathA vyakti ke vyavahAra para isakA atyadhika prabhAva par3atA hai| yaha mana kA sabase bar3A bhAga ( 9 / 10 ) hotA hai tathA isameM una icchAoM kA astitva hotA hai, jinheM cetana se haTAkara acetana - mana meM damita (Repressed ) kara diyA jAtA hai / yaha mana vyakti kI niyaMtraNa rekhA se bAhara hotA hai, kyoMki isake bAre meM vaha pUrNataH anabhijJa hotA hai| isameM vidyamAna icchAe~ hamezA apanI abhivyakti yA santuSTi cAhatI haiM aura isa hetu kAphI kriyAzIla (Active) rahatI haiM, kintu vyakti ke viveka (Ego ) ke kar3e pratibandha ke kAraNa ye cetana - mana meM nahIM A paatii| phalasvarUpa apanA veSa badalakara chadma rUpa svapnoM athavA 138 dainika jIvana kI bhUloM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI rahatI haiM / ' isa prakAra, Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra, tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA aMtaraMga kAraNa mukhyatayA acetana - mana hI hai, jo aprakaTa rUpa se apanA kArya karatA rahatA hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki 40 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 402 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #485
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ acetana-mana meM vidyamAna icchAoM kA astitva kyoM banA rahatA hai? isakA koI spaSTa samAdhAna Adhunika manovijJAna meM nahIM hai| jainadarzana meM mAnasika vikAroM ke aMtaraMga kAraNoM arthAt pUrva karma-saMskAroM ko bhI sUkSmatA se samajhAyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, AtmA hI mana ke sahayoga se pUrva karma-saMskAroM ke sahAre mAnasika vikAroM arthAt kaSAya bhAvoM ko utpanna karatI hai| jisa prakAra Adhunika manovijJAna meM cetana-acetana mana kI parikalpanA dI gaI hai, usI prakAra jainadarzana meM bhI do prakAra ke bhAvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prathama buddhipUrvaka kie jAne vAle bhAva haiM, jo vartamAna meM vyakta hote rahate haiM evaM dvitIya abuddhipUrvaka kie jAne vAle bhAva haiM, jo pUrva saMskAravaza avyakta rUpa meM pravAhita hote rahate haiN| buddhipUrvaka kie jAne vAle bhAva nadI kI usa uparI dhArA ke samAna haiM, jo satata pravAhita hotI huI dRSTigocara hotI haiM, jabaki abuddhipUrvaka kie jAne vAle bhAva una nicalI dhArAoM ke samAna haiM, jo pravAhita hotI huI bhI dRSTi se ojhala rahatI haiN| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie abuddhipUrvaka kie jAne vAle bhAvoM ko duHkha-hetuka (kaSAya-hetuka) kahA hai139 aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke pathika ko buddhipUrvaka evaM abuddhipUrvaka donoM prakAra ke manobhAvoM ko jItane kA nirdeza diyA hai| jainadarzana meM na kevala buddhipUrvaka evaM abuddhipUrvaka hone vAle bhAvoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, apitu inake kAraNoM kA bhI spaSTIkaraNa diyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, jIva ke bhAvoM kA mUla kAraNa karmabandhana hai aura karmoM ke abhAva rUpa mokSa paramasukha kI avasthA hai, ataH mokSa-prApti kA upAya karanA hI parama hitakArI karttavya hai| jainavicAraNA meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jIva svayaM kI bhUlavaza hI zubhAzubha bhAva karatA hai, jisase ATha prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA bandhana hotA hai| ye karma kAlAntara meM sakriya (udaya) hokara jIvana meM tanAva evaM manovikAra utpanna karAne vAlI paristhitiyA~ nirmita karate haiN| inameM se cAra aghAtI karma hote haiM, jinase zarIra evaM bAhya nAnAvidha sAmagriyA~ prApta hotI haiM tathA cAra ghAtI karma hote haiM, jinase jIva ko aMtaraMga paristhitiyA~ milatI haiN| ye paristhitiyA~ mana ke samyak prabandhana ke abhAva meM nimna prakAra se jIva ko prabhAvita karatI rahatI haiN| 140 | karma / | ghAtI | aghAtI jJAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa mohanIya antarAya) ( vedanIya AyuSya nAma / / gotra * jJAnAvaraNa evaM darzanAvaraNa karma aura tajjanya tanAva tathA manovikAra - ina karmoM ke nimitta se jIva kI jAnane-dekhane sambandhI zaktiyoM kA hrAsa hotA hai, jisase aprabandhita jIvana jIne vAlA vyakti aneka tanAva evaM manovikAroM ko utpanna kara letA hai, jaise - 403 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 41 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #486
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ * svayaM ke ajJAna kA duHkha honaa| * adhika jJAnavAn se IrSyA krnaa| * indriyoM ke zithila hone para duHkhI honaa| * adhika jAnane para garva krnaa| * vizeSa jAnane ke lie sadaiva Akula-vyAkula honaa| * "bhUla na jAU~' isase bhayabhIta rahanA ityaadi| mohanIya karma evaM tajjanya tanAva tathA manovikAra - yaha karma jIva ke vyavahAra ko bhramita banAne meM nimitta banatA hai| mana ke samyaka prabandhana ke abhAva meM vyakti mohavaza aneka mAnasika vikAroM ko pAla letA hai. jaise - * sanmArga meM aruci tathA kumArga meM tIvra ruci honaa| * krodhAveza meM hiMsA, vaira, vadha Adi duSkArya kara baitthnaa| * mAnavaza svayaM ko U~cA tathA anyoM ko nIcA dikhAne kI kuceSTA krnaa| * kuTila vyavahAra krnaa| * indriya-viSayoM meM lolupa rahanA ityaadi| antarAya karma evaM tajjanya tanAva tathA manovikAra - yaha karma jIva ke purUSArtha ko bAdhita karatA hai, isake nimitta se aneka prakAra ke manovikAra utpanna hote haiM, jaise - * kArya na hone para bAhya nimittoM ko doSa denaa| * sAmarthya kI kamI hone para zokAkula honaa| * zakti hone para usakA durupayoga karanA ityaadi| vedanIya karma evaM tajjanya tanAva tathA manovikAra - isa karma ke nimitta se sukha-duHkha ke bAhya kAraNoM kA saMyoga hotA hai, kintu mana-prabandhana kI akuzalatAvaza vyakti ina kAraNoM meM Asakta hokara manovikAra utpanna kara letA hai, jaise - * roga-pIr3Adi hone para Akula-vyAkula honaa| * sukhI hone ke lie akaraNIya kRtya karanA, jaise-rizvata lenA aadi| * sukha-Arogya milane para galata pravRttiyoM meM saMlagna honA, jaise - zarAba pInA aadi| * duHkha milane para dUsaroM para doSAropaNa karanA ityAdi / * AyuSya karma evaM tajjanya tanAva tathA manovikAra - isa karma ke saMyoga se jIva kI sthiti kisI nizcita zarIra meM niyata avadhi taka banI rahatI hai| isake nimitta se bhI ajJAnI vyakti tanAva evaM manovikAroM ko utpanna kara letA hai, jaise -- jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 404 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #487
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ * mRtyu se sadA bhayabhIta rhnaa| * atyadhika kaSTa yA pIr3A Ane para mRtyu kI kAmanA krnaa| * mRtyu na Ae, isa hetu nirantara cintAzIla rahanA ityaadi| nAmakarma evaM tajjanya tanAva tathA manovikAra - isa karma ke nimitta se vyakti kI zArIrika saMracanA hotI hai, ise lekara bhI vyakti anAvazyaka rAga-dveSa karatA rahatA hai, jaise - * zarIra kI sundaratA ke lie satata cintita rhnaa| * vRddhAvasthA ke lakSaNa dikhane para duHkhI ho jaanaa| * zArIrika sauSThava evaM saundarya para praphullita evaM harSita honA ityaadi| gotra karma evaM tajjanya tanAva tathA manovikAra - isa karma ke udaya se jIva acche yA bure pariveza meM janma letA hai, kintu mUr3hatAvaza isake nimitta se bhI vyakti anAvazyaka tanAva ke kAraka khoja hI letA hai, jaise - * zreSTha kula meM janma hone para harSita honaa| * nimnakula meM janma hone para viSAda krnaa| * anya kula vAloM se ghRNA krnaa| * kula ke nAma para anya logoM se vaira-virodha aura vidveSa karanA ityaadi| isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM varNita karma-siddhAnta yaha batAtA hai ki vyakti ko jo bhI aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga paristhitiyA~ prApta hotI haiM, ve saba usake dvArA saMcita karmoM kA hI pariNAma hai|141 phira bhI mana-prabandhana ke abhAva meM vyakti ina karmoM ke pariNAmoM ko nimitta banAkara aneka prakAra ke tanAvoM evaM manovikAroM ko utpanna kara letA hai| prazna uThatA hai ki karmajanya paristhitiyA~ kisa prakAra se manovikAroM kI utpatti kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiM? isa prazna kA gambhIratApUrvaka cintana Avazyaka hai, kyoMki eka samAna karmajanya paristhitiyA~ milane para bhI koI unake adhIna hokara manovikAroM se grasita ho baiThatA hai, to koI unheM adhIna banAkara manovikAroM se mukta bhI ho jAtA hai| 12 jainadarzana ke anusAra, pratyeka manovikAra kA prArambha paristhiti yA ghaTanA ke mUlyAMkana ke sAtha hotA hai| vyakti ko aneka srotoM se jJAna yA sUcanAoM kI prApti hotI hai| ye sUcanAe~ yA saMketa indriyoM ke viSayoM arthAt sparza, svAda, gandha, dRzya evaM zabda ke rUpa meM bhI hote haiM, to mana ke viSaya arthAt smRti, cintana, kalpanA, vicAra Adi ke rUpa meM bhI hote haiN| kabhI ye saMketa zArIrika saMvedanAoM ko grahaNa karate haiM, to kabhI Atmika saMvedanAoM (bhAvoM) ko| zArIrika saMvedanAoM ke dvArA zarIra kI svasthatA-asvasthatA, kSudhA-tRSA, sphUrti-thakAna Adi ke, to Atmika saMvedanAoM ke dvArA AtmA kI mAnyatA (dRSTikoNa), saMjJAoM (mUla-pravRttiyoM), sukha-duHkha, utsAha (ruci) Adi ke saMketa 405 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 43 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #488
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ milate haiN| yadyapi uparyukta sabhI viSaya alaga-alaga hote haiM, kintu ina sabhI kA jJAna vyakti kI cetanA (AtmA) ko hotA hai| ina viSayoM meM se kucha viSaya adhika prabhAvita karate haiM, to kucha alpa / mana kabhI kisI se jur3atA hai, to kabhI kisI se aura tadanusAra AtmA meM pUrvakathita avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA rUpa jJAna hote haiN| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, mana ke samyak prabandhana ke abhAva meM unmatta avasthA hotI hai, jisase nakArAtmaka avagrahAdi hote rahate haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki vyakti samyaktayA vicAra na karake karmasaMskAravaza galata mAnyatAoM yA AhArAdi saMjJAoM se prerita hokara samyagjJAna se vaMcita raha jAtA hai aura isase vyakti (AtmA) meM kASAyika vRttiyA~ utpanna hotI rahatI haiM, jo jainadRSTi se manovikAra hI haiM / 143 isa prakAra, jainadRSTi se dekheM, to karmajanya paristhitiyoM ke galata mUlyAMkana se utpanna ajJAna hI manovikAroM kA mUla aMtaraMga kAraNa hai| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie ajJAna ko mahAduHkha rUpa batAyA hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA hai ki mana rUpI unmatta hAthI ko vaza meM karane ke lie samyagjJAna aMkuza ke samAna hai| anyatra yaha bhI kahA hai ki krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha agni ke samAna haiM, jinheM samyagjJAna rUpI jala ke dvArA zAnta kiyA jA sakatA hai|' 144 145 niSkarSa yaha hai ki Aja bar3hate hue tanAva evaM manovikAroM se bhale hI sabhI pIr3ita haiM, phira bhI jainadarzana ke anusAra, inakA nirAkaraNa samyagjJAna ke dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa tanAva evaM manovikAroM se rahita avasthA ko hI Adarza mana - prabandhana kahA jA sakatA hai| isa hetu mana - prabandhana ke vividha sUtroM kI vivecanA Age kI jA rahI hai 1 44 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 406
Page #489
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 7.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM mAnasika-prabandhana jainaAcAramImAMsA ke anusAra, mana hI vyakti ke vyavahAra kA mUla saMcAlaka evaM usake aucitya-anaucitya kA mApadaNDa hai aura isIlie isake samyak prabandhana para jainAcAryoM ne bArambAra bala diyA hai| mAnasika-prabandhana se unakA Azaya hai - mana kA saMyamana yA niyNtrnn| unake anusAra, yaha mana rUpI azva ajJAnavaza aniyaMtrita hokara unmArga para bhaTakane lagatA hai, kintu zruta rUpI rassI arthAt samyagjJAna ke dvArA ise niyaMtrita kara sanmArga para ArUr3ha kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa hetu AvazyakatA hai - mana ko sAdhane kii| jo vyakti mana ko sAdha letA hai arthAt apane adhIna kara letA hai, usakA mana prabandhita ho jAtA hai aura jisakA mana prabandhita ho jAtA hai, vaha jainadRSTi se sarvasiddhisampanna vyakti hai|146 kahA bhI gayA hai - 'manovijetA jagato vijetaa'|147 jIvana-prabandhana ke antargata mAnasika-prabandhana ko nimna binduoM se samajhA jA sakatA hai - * mana ko akuzala (azubha) vicAroM se haTAnA tathA kuzala (zubha) vicAroM meM lgaanaa|148 nakArAtmaka vicAradhArA ko tyAganA tathA sakArAtmaka vicAradhArA ko apnaanaa| cintana, manana, vicAra Adi ko samyak dizA denaa| kaSAyoM ko kramazaH mandatA aura kSINatA kI ora le jaanaa| mana kI vyagratA ko ekAgratA (sthiratA) meM parivartita krnaa| saMyama ke prati nirutsAhita mana meM utsAha kA saMcAra krnaa| lezyAoM kA kramazaH pariSkAra karanA arthAt azubha lezyAoM se zubha lezyAoM kI ora bddh'naa| jIvana meM AdhyAtmika sukha evaM zAnti kI prApti krnaa| mAnasika zaktiyoM kA suniyojana krnaa| mana ko mAdhyama banAkara AtmajJAna kI prApti krnaa| mana ko malinatAoM (saMjJAoM evaM vAsanAoM) se mukta krnaa| isa prakAra, jainadRSTi se, mana kI pariSkRta avasthA hI mAnasika-prabandhana hai| 7.6.1 mAnasika-prabandhana kI AvazyakatA kyoM? __ jainadRSTi meM mAnasika-prabandhana vyakti ke jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa karttavya hai, kyoMki isa nIMva para hI jIvana-vikAsa kI imArata TikI huI hai| mAnasika-prabandhana kA lAbha nimnalikhita vyavahAroM (Behaviours) meM parilakSita hotA hai - jIvana kI jaTila samasyAoM meM bhI tanAvagrasta na honaa| pArivArika evaM sAmAjika sambandhoM kA karttavya-buddhi se nirvAha krnaa| 407 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 45 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #490
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana-vyavahAra ke sambandha meM pratyeka nirNaya vivekapUrvaka lenaa| mAdaka dravyoM evaM anya vyasanoM ke sevana se dUra rhnaa| pratyeka kArya ko ekAgratApUrvaka krnaa| anAvazyaka viSayoM kA aMtaraMga bhAvoM se tyAga kara samaya kI barbAdI se bcnaa| tanAvajanya manovikAroM evaM zArIrika rogoM se bcnaa| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pAtratA prApta krnaa| pApakarmoM kA tyAga kara tajjanya durgatiyoM se bcnaa| * mAnasika kSamatA kA sRjanAtmaka (Constructive) va racanAtmaka (Creative) saMprayoga krnaa| isa prakAra, mAnasika-prabandhana jIvanazailI kA samyak jIrNoddhAra karane kI prakriyA hai| jainAcAryoM ne to pUrNa mAnasika-prabandhana rUpa vItarAga dazA ko hI manuSya jIvana kA sarvocca lAbha batAyA hai| isa dazA ko pUrNa Arogya dazA ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai|149 unakA kahanA hai ki 'kaSAya muktiH kila muktireva'150 arthAt kaSAyoM se mukta honA (chUTanA) hI vAstava meM karma, janma-maraNa evaM samasta duHkhoM se mukti hai| ata: mAnasika-prabandhana jIvana ke AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika vikAsa ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hai| 7.6.2 mAnasika-prabandhana ke sAdhaka evaM bAdhaka kAraNa mAnasika-prabandhana kI saphalatA ke lie isake sAdhaka kAraNoM ko svIkAranA tathA bAdhaka kAraNoM ko nakAranA anivArya hai| yaha mana cU~ki atyanta uddaNDa azva ke samAna aniyaMtrita hai, ataH usake niyaMtraNa hetu jainadharmadarzana meM dharma-zikSA (dharmAbhyAsa) rUpI lagAma kA prayoga karane151 tathA mana ko malina karane vAle kArakoM (adharma) se dUra rahane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| 152 sAdhaka kAraNa - zubha-saMkalpa, prArthanA, pUjA, tIrthayAtrA, prAyazcitta, svAdhyAya , dhyAna, mAlA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, tapa-japa, sAmAyika aadi| bAdhaka kAraNa - durjanoM kI saMgati, durvyasana, tAmasika evaM hiMsaka AhAra, manoraMjana ke anucita sAdhana, bhogamaya jIvanazailI, kleza-kalaha yukta vAtAvaraNa Adi / saMkSipta meM, jo sAdhana sAdhya kI prApti meM sahAyaka hoM, jinase rAga-dveSa, moha manda hote hoM, mAnasika zAnti evaM prasannatA kA anabhava hotA ho. ve sAdhaka kAraNa haiN| inase viparIta sAdhanoM ko bAdhaka kAraNa samajhanA caahie| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie kahA hai ki jo dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva mAnasika-prabandhana ke lie anukUla (hitakArI) hoM, ve Azraya lene yogya haiM tathA jo vighnakArI hoM, ve tyAga karane yogya haiN| yadi ucita sAdhana apriya bhI lagate hoM, to bhI unakA Alambana lenA cAhie tathA mana ko priya lagane para bhI jo sAdhana anucita hoM, unakA tyAga karanA caahie|153 =====4.>===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 46 408 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #491
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 7.7 mAnasika-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa Aja vyakti zarIra evaM anya viSayoM ke prati jitanA jAgrata hai, utanA mana ke prati nhiiN| vaha mana kI upekSA karake bhautika unnati karane meM rAta-dina parizrama karatA rahatA hai, phalasvarUpa vaha mAnasika rUpa se asvastha hokara jIvana ko duHkha, azAnti, santApa evaM kleza ke sAtha bitAtA hai| isIlie na kevala jainAcAryoM ne, apitu sabhI bhAratIya manISiyoM ne isa visaMgati ko dUra karane ke lie artha evaM kAma ke sAtha dharma kA samanvaya karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| jo vyakti mAnasika-prabandhana karane kA icchuka ho, use jaina-paddhati se isa prakAra kramazaH prayatna karanA cAhie - tanAvoM evaM manovikAroM ko mahAroga ke samAna maannaa| inase nivRtti kI prabala bhAvanA rkhnaa| inake lie anya ko nahIM, apitu svayaM ko jimmedAra tthhraanaa| inase pUrNa nivRtti kA lakSya bnaanaa| lakSya prApti ke lie yogya sAdhanoM (sudeva-suguru-sudharma) kA Azraya lenaa| bAdhaka kAraNoM (kudeva-kuguru-kudharma) se dUra rhnaa| sAdhaka kAraNoM kA ucita samaya para ucita prayoga krnaa| mAnasika sukha, zAnti evaM AdhyAtmika Ananda se yukta jIvana-yApana krnaa| sAdhanA ke dvArA mAnasika asvasthatA se kramazaH mukta hote jaanaa| jIvana meM prasannatA evaM Ananda kI abhivRddhi karate rhnaa| jIvana meM roga, zoka, bhaya, duHkhAdi kI paristhiti milane para bhI Atma-vizvAsa (Self Confidence) nahIM khonaa| uparyukta rogAdi jaTila paristhitiyoM meM bhI tanAva-mukti kA abhyAsa krnaa| mRtyu ke samaya zarIra bhale hI asvastha ho, kintu citta kI svasthatA (samAdhi) banAe rkhnaa| sthAnAMgasUtra meM mana kI tIna avasthAe~ varNita haiM154 - pahalI 'tanmana' hai, jisameM mana lakSya meM lIna rahatA hai, dUsarI 'tadanyamana' hai, jisameM mana alakSya meM lIna rahatA hai aura tIsarA 'noamana' hai, jisameM mana lakSyahIna kArya karatA hai| mAnasika-prabandhana ke lie vyakti ko ucita lakSya meM mana ko lagAkara lakSyahIna athavA anucita lakSya sambandhI pravRttiyoM se bacanA caahie| yaha tathya uparyukta teraha binduoM se spaSTa hai| 7.7.1 mAnasika-prabandhana kA maulika rUpa mAnasika vikAra pratyeka prANI meM hote haiN| ye saMjJAoM ke rUpa meM rahate haiM evaM kaSAyoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hote haiN| saMjJAe~ aneka haiM, jaise - AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, prigrh| vastutaH, ye to saMjJAoM ke sthUla rUpa haiM, sUkSma rUpa meM inake asaMkhya bheda bhI sambhava haiN| jo manobhAva lambe kAla se bhItara dabe hue 409 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #492
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rahate haiM, ve sabhI saMjJA rUpa hI haiM aura jaise hI bAhara meM yogya paristhitiyA~ prApta hotI haiM, ye saMjJAe~ icchA aura vAMchA kA rUpa banAkara uddIpta ho jAtI haiN| inheM samajha pAnA AsAna nahIM hai, kyoMki ye sUkSma zalya (kA~TeM) ke samAna hotI haiN| jainAcAryoM ne ina gahana mAnasika vikAroM se mukti pAne ke lie aneka siddhAntoM evaM prayogoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sAtha hI, yaha nirdeza bhI diyA hai ki pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka apanI bhUmikAnusAra inheM AtmasAt kre| mAnasika-prabandhana ke pariprekSya meM inheM nimna prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai - (1) samatA dvArA tanAva-mukti - jainadRSTi meM manuSya ko lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa, nindA-prazaMsA aura mAna-apamAna meM samabhAva rakhanA caahie|155 jo isa prakAra samatA kI sAdhanA karatA hai, usake rAga-dveSa dUra hone lagate haiM tathA vaha tanAvarahita hokara prasannatA evaM Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| (2) dhyAna dvArA tanAva-mukti - dhyAna se vyakti viSaya-kaSAyoM ko manda karatA hai, mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ko vizrAma detA hai, zvAsa ko sahaja evaM niyamita karatA hai, ekAgratA kI prApti karatA hai tathA samAdhi-sukha kA anubhava karatA hai| nizcita hai ki tanAva-mukti ke lie dhyAna eka zreSTha sAdhana hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - jisakA mana dhyAna meM lIna hai, vaha kaSAya se utpanna IrSyA , viSAda, zokAdi mAnasika duHkhoM se pIr3ita nahIM hotaa|156 (3) kAyotsarga dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - kAyotsarga kA artha hai - kAyA ke mamatva kA visrjn| isase na kevala zarIra ko vizrAma milatA hai, apitu mAnasika bojha bhI halkA hotA hai| manovaijJAnika cArlsavartha evaM nAthana ne bhI kAyotsarga ko tanAva-mukti kA eka mahattvapUrNa prayoga batAyA hai| 157 jaina-paramparA meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ne bhI kAyotsarga ke pA~ca lAbha batAe haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM158 - 1) dehajADya zuddhi , zleSma (kapha) Adi doSoM ke kSINa hone se deha kI jar3atA naSTa hotI hai| 2) matijADya zuddhi jAgarukatA ke kAraNa buddhi kI jar3atA naSTa hotI hai| 3) sukha-duHkha titikSA sukha-duHkha sahane kI zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| 4) anuprekSA bhAvanAoM (cintana-manana) ke lie citta kI ekAgratA prApta hotI hai| 5) ekAgratA ra zubha dhyAna ke lie citta kI ekAgratA prApta hotI hai| (4) svAdhyAya dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - svAdhyAya kA artha hai - satsAhitya yA satsaMga ke dvArA svaviSayaka adhyayana krnaa| yaha parama tapa hai, kyoMki isake samAna dUsarA tapa na atIta meM huA hai, na vartamAna meM hai aura na hI anAgata meM hogaa| 159 nitya svAdhyAya (sva kA adhyayana) karane se hita-ahita kA samyagjJAna prApta hotA hai, jisase vyakti durAcAra se dUra hokara sadAcAra meM pravRtta hotA 48 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 410 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #493
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai aura usakA mana zAnta evaM prabandhita hotA hai| (5) prAyazcitta dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - 'prAyaH' kA artha hai - aparAdha aura 'citta' kA artha hai - shuddhi| 160 ataH apane aparAdhoM kI zuddhi karanA hI prAyazcitta hai| yaha Abhyantara tapoM meM sabase prathama tapa hai tathA tanAva-mukti ke lie anivArya sAdhana hai, kyoMki manuSya ke lie galatI karanA eka Ama bAta hai aura prAyazcitta tapa ke dvArA hI isa galatI kI svIkRti evaM zuddhi sambhava hai, ataH prAyazcitta Atma-pariSkAra kI prakriyA kA praveza dvAra hai| (6) AlocanA, pratikramaNa tathA pratyAkhyAna dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - mana ko khAlI karanA hI mAnasika zAnti kA sAdhana hai aura isa hetu ina tInoM kI viziSTa bhUmikA hai| yahA~ atIta ke rAga-dveSa evaM mamatva ko chor3anA 'pratikramaNa' hai, vartamAna ke doSoM ko tyAganA 'AlocanA' hai evaM AgAmI rAga-dveSa evaM mamatva kA saMkalpapUrvaka parityAga karanA 'pratyAkhyAna' hai| 61 jaina-paramparA meM inheM prAyazcitta kA eka aMga tathA sAdhu evaM zrAvaka kA dainika karttavya mAnA gayA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki jo sAdhaka guru ke samakSa apane mAnasika zalyoM (kA~ToM) ko nikAlakara AlocanA (nindA) karatA hai, usakI AtmA kA bhAra usI taraha halkA ho jAtA hai, jisa prakAra sira kA bhAra utarane para vyakti kaa| 162 IsAI dharma meM jisa prakAra kanphezana (Confession) kI paramparA hai, jainadharma meM usI prakAra uparyukta AlocanA Adi kI prakriyA hai| (7) paramAtma-bhakti ke dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - bhakti kA artha hai - smrpnn| sacce mana se bhakti kI jAe, to yaha bhagavat-prApti kA mArga hai aura paramAnanda ke aizvarya ko dene vAlI hai| isake aneka aMga haiM - darzana, vandana, arcana, kIrtana, sevana, pUjana aadi| nizcita taura para yaha rAga-dveSa ko samApta kara mAnasika toSa evaM prasannatA rUpI phala kI prApti karAne vAlI hai| citta prasanne re pUjana phala kahyu, pUjA akhaNDita eh| kapaTa rahita thai Atama arpaNA, Anandaghana pada reh|| 163 (8) ahiMsA dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - jahA~ hiMsA hai, vahA~ kleza, kalaha, vaira, vaimanasya, kaTutA aura dvandva haiM aura jahA~ ahiMsA hai, vahA~ prema, sneha, zAnti, dayA, saha-astitva, sahiSNutA evaM karuNA haiN| ataH jaina-paramparA meM ahiMsA ko atyadhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| tanAva-mukti ke lie ahiMsAtmaka jIvanazailI se jInA pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka kA karttavya hai| (7) aparigraha dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - jainadarzana kA mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai - aprigrh| aparigraha kI bhAvanA jitanI prabala hotI jAtI hai, tRSNA utanI hI zAnta hotI jAtI hai, jisase santoSa prApta hotA hai aura tanAva-mukti kA anubhava hotA hai| 411 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 49 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #494
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ godhana, gajadhana, bAjidhana, aura ratanadhana khaan| jaba Ave santoSa dhana, saba dhana dhUri samAna / / 164 (10) anekAnta dRSTi ke dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - jainadarzana kA anekAntavAda tanAva-mukti kA acUka upAya hai| jo vyakti isa siddhAnta ko AtmasAt kara letA hai, vaha na kevala AdhyAtmika unnati ke patha para agrasara hotA hai, apitu sAmAjika evaM pArivArika kSetra meM bhI vaicArika-sahiSNutA ke sAtha jItA hai| yaha anAgraha kI kalA sikhAtA hai, jisase eka-dUsare ke vicAroM meM saMgharSa nahIM, apitu samanvaya ho jAtA hai| (11) AtmajJAna ke dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - jaba taka isa jar3a zarIra se bhinna Atma-svarUpa kA bhAna nahIM hotA, taba taka mAnasika vikAroM kA sthAyI nirAkaraNa nahIM ho sakatA, kintu jaba AtmajJAna ho jAtA hai, taba svataH hI para-padArthoM evaM unake prati mamatva bhAvoM kA visarjana hone lagatA hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki AtmA se anabhijJa rahakara aneka duHkha prApta hote haiM aura AtmajJAna kI prApti hone para ve vinaSTa ho jAte haiN|165 (12) AtmadAyitva ke bodha dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - jaba taka vyakti bAhya paristhitiyoM ko sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa mAnatA rahatA hai, taba taka paristhitiyoM ko badalane kI vyartha hI ceSTA karatA rahatA hai, kintu jainadarzana mUlataH AtmA ko hI sukha-duHkha kA kartA mAnatA hai| 166 ataH isase AtmadAyitva kA bodha hotA hai aura vyakti apanI manovRttiyoM ko niyaMtrita kara hara paristhiti meM AnandapUrvaka jItA hai| (13) vratoM dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana - hiMsAdi duSpravRttiyoM se virata honA hI vrata hai|67 yaha vrata zramaNa evaM zrAvaka donoM ke dvArA pAlanIya hai| jo vyakti ina vratoM kA pAlana bhAvapUrvaka karatA hai, usakI sAMsArika duSpravRttiyA~ sImita/samApta ho jAtI haiM, jisase vaha aneka prakAra ke mAnasika trAsa evaM santApa se mukta ho jAtA hai| jo sukha apAra aizvarya se bhI aprApya hai, vaha sukha vratadhAriyoM ko sahaja hI prApta ho jAtA hai| __isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM mAnasika-prabandhana ke lie anekAneka jJAnAtmaka evaM kriyAtmaka paddhatiyA~ nirdiSTa haiN| inakA samyak prayoga kara sAdhaka apane ajJAna ko dUra karake kaSAyarUpI manovikAroM para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka kA yaha karttavya hai ki vaha krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ko kramazaH kSamA, mRdutA, saralatA evaM santoSa ke dvArA jItane kA prayAsa kre|168 50 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 412 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #495
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 7.7.2 mAnasika-prabandhana ke vividha stara pratyeka vyakti kA bAhya pariveza nirantara badalatA rahatA hai aura isake sAtha-sAtha usakI manodazA bhI jalataraMgoM ke samAna kabhI RNAtmaka (Negative), to kabhI dhanAtmaka (Positive) evaM kabhI tIvra to kabhI manda hotI rahatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, prayatna karane ke pazcAt bhI pariNAma kabhI anukUla , to kabhI pratikUla milate rahate haiN| isI kAraNa , mAnasika-prabandhana kI pUrva nirdiSTa vividha paddhatiyoM kA samagra evaM samanvita parijJAna tathA prayoga pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka ke lie Avazyaka hai| use badalate hue pariveza meM prApta hone vAle saMyogoM ke sAtha ucita samAyojana karate hue apanI bhUmikA (stara) ke anurUpa yogya paddhati kA prayoga karanA cAhie, sAtha hI apane stara ko uttarottara pariSkRta bhI karanA caahie| ye stara nimna prakAra ke ho sakate haiM - 1) tIvra mAnasika vikAra 4) mandatama mAnasika vikAra 2) manda mAnasika vikAra 5) pUrNa vikAramukta avasthA 3) mandatara mAnasika vikAra 413 adhyAya 7: tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #496
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only 52 0000 0000 T1 anucita 'laukika takanIka tIvra azubha bhAva tIvra (pUrNa RNAtmaka) 0 - tIvra vikArI avasthA T2 ucita laukika takanIka manda azubha bhAva +++ +++ 0000 0000 mAnasika prabandhana ke vividha stara evaM takanIka manda ( AMzika RNAtmaka evaM AMzika dhanAtmaka ) 2 3) - manda vikArI avasthA To dhArmika va naitika takanIka zubha bhAva +++ +++ 1- parivartana paddhati (Diversion Technique) 71 mandatara ( dhanAtmaka evaM upazamita RNAtmaka) +++ 3 - maMdatara tIvrazubha vikArI maMdazuddha avasthA azubha / kA visarjana +++ T4 sAmAnya AdhyAtmika takanIka mandatama (sirpha dhanAtmaka ) ++++++++ ++ - maMdatama vikArI avasthA tIvra zubhabhAva evaM manda zuddhabhAva 4 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva zubha kA visarjana 15 vizeSa AdhyAtmika takanIka pUrNa vikAra mukta tIvra zuddhabhAva evaM manda zubhabhAva 5 4- pUrNa zuddha avasthA | visarjana paddhati (Elimination Technique) | 0 mAnasika prabandhaka (sAdhaka) ke stara sAdhanA ke prayoga- kAla kI dazA takanIka Positive State Negative State Mental Relaxation Stress/Strain Free State 414
Page #497
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (1) tIvra mAnasika vikAra - yaha mAnasika-prabandhana kA nikRSTa stara hai, jisameM vyakti tIvra RNAtmaka (Negative) AvegoM se grasta rahatA hai| vaha sAmAjika nItiyoM kA ullaMghana karate hue svayaM bhI azAnta rahatA hai evaM dUsaroM ko bhI azAnta karatA hai, jaise - pArivArika hatAzA evaM kuNThA se parezAna vykti| atyadhika Arthika nukasAna se vicalita vykti| mAnahAni se AkrAnta vyakti ityAdi / (2) manda mAnasika vikAra - yaha mAnasika-prabandhana kA dvitIya stara hai| isameM vyakti apane RNAtmaka AvegoM se AMzika rUpa se ubhara jAtA hai, phira bhI RNAtmaka AvegoM kA prabhAva use aMzataH daHkhI tathA bojhila banAe rakhatA hai| Amataura para samAja meM isa dazA ko sAmAnya kahA jAtA hai, kintu AdhyAtmika dRSTi se yaha dazA bhI nimna hI hai, jaise - manoraMjana ke pazcAt punaH kAma para jAne vAlA vykti| kArya meM AMzika saphalatA evaM AMzika asaphalatA pAne vAlA vykti| sAmAnya utAra-car3hAva bharA jIvana jIne vAlA vyakti ityaadi| (3) mandatara mAnasika vikAra - yaha mAnasika-prabandhana kA tRtIya stara hai, jisameM vyakti ke kevala dhanAtmaka (Positive) Avega hI abhivyakta hote haiM aura RNAtmaka Avega upazAnta ho jAte haiN| isase vyakti prasanna rahatA hai, kyoMki RNAtmaka Avega prakaTa rUpa meM ubharate nahIM haiM, jaise - sakArAtmaka cintana ke dvArA svayaM ko zAnta kara lene vAlA vykti| khuza-mijAja rahakara apane duHkhoM ko bhulA dene vAlA vykti| samasyA Ane para dhairyapUrvaka usakA samAdhAna karane vAlA vyakti ityaadi| (4) mandatama mAnasika vikAra - yaha mAnasika-prabandhana kA caturtha stara hai, jisameM vyakti AdhyAtmika cintana ke dvArA sahI dRSTikoNapUrvaka pratikUlatAoM meM bhI sAkSI-bhAva se jIne kA abhyAsa karatA hai| usake RNAtmaka bhAva kA abhAva hote jAtA hai aura alpa moha hone se vaha Avazyaka kAryoM ko prasannatApUrvaka karatA huA anAvazyaka kartavyoM se svayaM ko mukta karatA calA jAtA hai| vaha vastutaH pratikUlatA ko samasyA nahIM mAnane kA prayatna karatA rahatA hai, jaise - AtmA aura zarIra kA bheda jJAna karane kA abhyaasii| Adhi (mAnasika roga), vyAdhi (zArIrika roga) aura upAdhi (bAhya or3he hue roga, jaise - pada Adi) meM bhI samAdhi rakhane kA abhyaasii| anAsakta bhAva se jIvana-yApana karane kA abhyAsI ityaadi| 415 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 53 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #498
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (5) pUrNavikAra mukta - yaha mAnasika-prabandhana kA utkRSTa stara hai, jisameM sAdhaka zanaiH-zanaiH AvazyakatAoM, icchAoM evaM tajjanya mAnasika-vikAroM se mukta hotA jAtA hai, usake rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya-bhAva pUrNa kSaya ko prApta hote haiM, jisase vaha paramasukha evaM Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai| vaha na kevala azubha manobhAvoM, apitu zubha manobhAvoM se bhI pare jAkara zuddha bhAvoM meM ramaNa karatA hai| isa paripUrNa dazA ko jaina-paramparA meM 'arihaMta' evaM 'siddha' avasthA kahA jAtA hai| 7.7.3 mAnasika-prabandhana ke uttarottara vikAsa kI takanIka mAnasika-prabandhana meM eka stara se dUsare stara meM jAne ke lie mukhyatayA do takanIka prayukta hotI haiM - (1) parivartana-takanIka (Diversion Technique) parivarttana takanIka ke antargata vikAroM kA unmUlana karane ke bajAya vicAroM evaM vyavahAroM kA viSayAntaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, jaise - ghara meM kleza hone para zubha sthAnoM para jAkara ArAdhanA karanA aadi| yaha takanIka do prakAra kI hotI hai - (ka) vyAvahArika yA laukika takanIka - yaha loka-pracalita takanIka hai, jaise - saMgIta sunanA, nRtya karanA, TI.vI. dekhanA aadi| isake punaH do bheda kie jA sakate haiM - 1) anucita takanIka - jo mAnasika vikAroM ko samApta karane vAlI pratIta to hotI hai, lekina isakA prayoga karane ke bAda mAnasika, zArIrika, sAmAjika Adi sabhI vikRtiyA~ kama hone ke bajAya aura adhika bar3ha jAtI haiN| yaha nimnalikhita vyasanoM yA burI AdatoM ke rUpa meM pahale to vyakti ko masta karatI hai, phira vyasta karatI haiM aura tatpazcAt trasta karatI huI antataH asta kara detI haiN| mAdaka padArthoM kA sevana vezyAvRtti evaM atisambhoga dhUmrapAna evaM guTakAdi kA sevana atinidrA evaM Alasya atyadhika AhAra atitarka evaM vAda-vivAda karanA ityaadi| samAja se alaga-thalaga ho jAnA jainAcAryoM ne ise anucita ThaharAkara dRr3hatA se isakA pratiSedha kiyA hai| 2) ucita takanIka - yaha sAmAnyatayA loka meM mAnya takanIka hai| Adhunika manovijJAnI bhI isakI anuzaMsA karate haiN| isameM yoga, prANAyAma Adi sAtvika vRttiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha manoraMjana, krIr3A, vyAyAma, saira-sapATe Adi bhogapradhAna vRttiyA~ bhI samAviSTa ho jAtI haiN| yadyapi ye vRttiyA~ ucita pratIta hotI haiM, kintu inase bhI sthAyI samAdhAna nahIM milatA aura na hI inase dhArmikatA evaM naitikatA kI zikSA bhI prApta hotI hai| jainAcAryoM ne isIlie inase Upara uThakara kucha paddhatiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jinakI carcA Age kI jA rahI hai| 54 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 416 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #499
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (kha) dhArmika yA naitika takanIka - yaha dharmAnukUla takanIka hai, jaise - mandira jAnA, pUjA karanA, prArthanA karanA, sAmAyika karanA, japa karanA aadi| isameM mukhyatayA vyakti ke AvegoM ko na kevala tIvra-stara se manda-stara meM, apitu manda-stara se mandatara-stara meM bhI lAne kA abhyAsa karAyA jAtA hai| isa apekSA se yaha takanIka vyAvahArika-takanIka se zreyaskara hai| takanIka AvegoM kI sthiti anucita vyAvahArika takanIka tIvra - tIvra ucita vyAvahArika takanIka tIvra - manda dhArmika evaM naitika takanIka tIvra - manda - mandatara jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, dhArmika evaM naitika zikSAoM ko prApta karane se vyakti ke bhAva pariSkRta hote haiM, zanaiH-zanaiH azubha bhAva manda hote jAte haiM aura zubha bhAvoM kA vikAsa hotA jAtA hai| vyakti jIvana meM deva-pUjA, guru-upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa evaM dAna rUpa zubha pravRttiyA~ karatA hai, jisase manovikAra upazAnta ho jAte haiN| vyakti ke vyavahAra meM sakArAtmaka parivartana Ane lagatA hai, usakA krodha kSamA meM, ahaMkAra vinaya meM, kuTilatA saralatA meM, lobha santoSa meM, adhIratA dhairya meM evaM asahiSNutA sahiSNutA meM parivartita hone lagatI hai| yadyapi vyAvahArika evaM dhArmika donoM hI parivarttana-takanIka haiM, phira bhI pariNAmoM kI apekSA se inameM bahuta antara hai| dhArmika-parivartana-takanIka kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake dvArA vyakti na kevala manovikAroM kA upazamana karatA hai, apitu mAnasika-prabandhana ke caturtha stara taka pahu~cane kI pAtratA bhI vikasita kara letA hai| (2) visarjana-takanIka (Elimination Technique) tRtIya stara se Upara uThakara jIvana-prabandhaka caturtha stara meM pahu~catA hai, yahA~ vaha visarjana-takanIka kA prayoga karatA hai| isameM mUlataH samyagjJAna ke Aloka meM kaSAyAdi vikAroM para vijaya prApta karane kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai, jaise - dhyAna ke dvArA bAhya padArthoM ke prati mamatva kA visarjana aadi| isake dvArA vaha manobhAvoM meM sakArAtmaka parivartana lAne ke sAtha-sAtha manovikAroM ke mUla kAraNoM kA uccheda karane kA bhI bArambAra prayatna karatA hai| 417 adhyAya 7: tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 55 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #500
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ asA hai| isa takanIka ke mUlataH do bheda haiM - (ka) sAmAnya AdhyAtmika takanIka - isake dvArA azubha bhAvoM se nivRtti evaM zubha bhAvoM meM pravRtti hotI hai, sAtha hI jIvana meM zubhAzubha bhAvoM se pare zuddha (sAkSI) bhAva ko samajhane evaM usameM jIne kA prayatna bhI hotA hai| (kha) vizeSa AdhyAtmika takanIka - isake dvArA vyakti caturtha stara se bhI Upara uThane kA prayatna karatA hai| vaha adhika se adhika sAkSIbhAva meM lIna hotA jAtA hai| vaha aba bar3I-bar3I asahanIya paristhitiyoM meM bhI samatA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| antataH vaha vItarAgadazA ko prApta hokara mAnasika-prabandhana ke pA~cave stara arthAt carama stara para pahu~ca jAtA hai| isa prakAra, uparyukta mAnasika-prabandhana ke staroM meM se prathama tIna meM parivartana takanIka tathA zeSa do meM visarjana takanIka kI mukhyatA hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, sAdhanA ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha visarjana takanIka kI pradhAnatA hotI jAtI hai| =====4.>===== 56 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 418 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #501
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 7.8 niSkarSa manuSya ke samasta tanAvoM aura mAnasika vikAroM kA AdhAra mana hai / yaha mana atisUkSma hone se carmacakSuoM se dikhAI nahIM detaa| phira bhI, prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM aura vizeSa rUpa se jainadarzana meM mana kA astitva, mana kA sthAna, mana ke kArya, mana kI avasthAoM aura AtmA zarIra evaM mana ke pArasparika sambandhoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isase na kevala mana ke svarUpa kA samyak parijJAna hotA hai, balki mana - prabandhana kI prakriyA bhI AsAna ho jAtI hai| - mana bhale hI sUkSma ho, kintu yaha eka adbhuta zaktipuMja hai| yaha vyakti ke samasta kriyAkalApoM kA saMcAlaka bhI hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se dekheM, to mana hI bandhana aura mokSa kA prabalatama kAraNa hai| mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandha-mokSayoH / vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhI isakA mahattva advitIya hai, kyoMki jIvana meM zikSA, samaya, vANI, artha Adi sabhI pahaluoM ke prabandhana kA AdhAra bhI mana hI hai| ataH mana ko sAdhanA hI samyak sAdhanA hai aura mana na sadhe, to jIvana meM bAdhA hI bAdhA hai| mana manuSya kI sabase mahattvapUrNa zakti hai, kintu mana ke samyak prabandhana ke abhAva meM manuSya ke AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika jIvana ke vikAsa meM aneka bAdhAe~ utpanna ho jAtI haiM, jinheM tanAva evaM manoroga kahA jAtA hai| tanAva vyakti kI vibhAvadazA hai, jo badalatI huI paristhitiyoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita na kara pAne kA duSpariNAma hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, tanAva vyakti kI vAtAvaraNIya parivartana ke prati anukriyA hai| jisa prakAra bAhya dabAva prApta hone para loha - piNDa meM pratirodha svarUpa vizeSa anukriyA hotI hai, usI prakAra vyakti meM bAhya uddIpakoM kA samparka hone para tanAva rUpa anukriyA utpanna hotI hai| tanAva ke aneka prakAra se bheda kie jA sakate haiM, jaise svIkArAtmaka - nakArAtmaka, ucca-nimna Adi / tanAva utpanna hone ke sAtha hI aMtaraMga meM krodhAdi manovikAroM kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai, jisase vyakti ke vyaktitva kA vighaTana ho jAtA hai aura aneka prakAra ke manoroga utpanna ho jAte haiN| manovikAroM kA duSpariNAma caraNa-dara-caraNa bar3hatA jAtA hai aura antataH vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai | prazasta - aprazasta, tanAva evaM manovikAroM ke bahiraMga evaM aMtaraMga ye do kAraNa hote haiN| bahiraMga kAraNoM meM zArIrika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika Adi kArakoM kA samAveza hotA hai, to aMtaraMga kAraNoM meM karmajanya paristhitiyoM ke galata mUlyAMkana se utpanna ajJAna kA / tanAva evaM manovikAroM se bacane ke lie jainAcAryoM ne bArambAra mana ke saMyama (niyaMtraNa) para bala diyA hai aura ise hI tanAva evaM manovikAroM kA prabandhana kahA jAnA caahie| isake antargata jainAcAryo ne jo sAdhanA batAI hai, usake pramukha uddezya haiM mana ko akuzala vicAroM se haTAnA evaM kuzala vicAroM meM lagAnA, nakArAtmaka vicAradhArA ko tyAganA evaM sakArAtmaka vicAradhArA ko apanAnA, mana kI vyagratA ko ekAgratA meM parivartita karanA, mana kI malinatAoM (saMjJAoM evaM vAsanAoM) ko dUra karanA, kaSAyoM ko kramazaH mandatA evaM kSINatA kI ora le jAnA ityAdi / adhyAya 7: tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 419 - -- For Personal & Private Use Only 57
Page #502
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAnasika-prabandhana eka mahattvapUrNa karttavya hai, kyoMki isase aneka lAbha prApta hote haiM, jaise - jIvana kI jaTila samasyAoM meM bhI tanAvagrasta nahIM honA, pArivArika evaM sAmAjika sambandhoM kA karttavya-buddhi se nirvAha karanA , jIvana-vyavahAroM ke sambandha meM vivekapUrvaka pratyeka nirNaya lenA, tanAvajanya manovikAroM evaM zArIrika rogoM se bacanA, mAnasika kSamatAoM kA sRjanAtmaka evaM racanAtmaka kAryoM meM prayoga karanA ityAdi / mAnasika-prabandhana kI saphalatA ke lie jainadharmadarzana meM una sAdhanoM kA prayoga karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jinake mAdhyama se rAga, dveSa, moha Adi manda hote hoM aura mAnasika-zAnti evaM prasannatA kA anubhava hotA ho| inase viparIta sAdhanoM ko bAdhaka kAraNoM ke rUpa meM mAnakara unakA tyAga karane kA nirdeza bhI diyA gayA hai| mAnasika-prabandhana ke siddhAntoM ko jAnanA hI paryApta nahIM hai, apitu jaina-paramparA meM nirdiSTa prayogoM ko apanI bhUmikAnusAra apanAnA bhI eka Avazyaka karttavya hai| ye prayoga aneka haiM, jinameM se pramukha haiM - sAmAyika, dhyAna, kAyotsarga, svAdhyAya, prAyazcitta, AlocanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, paramAtma-bhakti , ahiMsA, aparigraha, vrata aadi| ___ uparyukta prayogoM ko apanAte hue jIvana-prabandhaka ko apane stara meM kramazaH abhivRddhi karate jAnA caahie| use tIvra mAnasika-vikAra kI sthiti se ubarakara kramazaH manda, mandatara, mandatama aura antataH pUrNa vikAramukta avasthA kI prApti karanI caahie| isa hetu use AvazyakatAnusAra parirvatana-takanIka evaM visarjana-takanIka kA ucita prayoga bhI karanA caahie| =====4.>===== 58 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 420 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #503
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 7.9 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| kra. prazna uttara sandarbha pR. kra. 7) 12) vikalpa- alpa-0 ThIka-@ acchA-(r) bahuta acchA-@ pUrNa-7 kyA Apa mana ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? / 2) kyA Apa jIvana meM mana ko mahattva dete haiM? 3) kyA Apa tanAva ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? 4) kyA Apa mAnasika-vikAra evaM usake duSpariNAmoM ko jAnate haiM? vikalpa- hamezA-aksara- kabhI-kabhI-(r) kadAcit-@ kabhI nahIM5) kyA Apako jaivika kAraka se mAnasika-vikAra calate haiM? 6) kyA Apako manaHsAmAjika kAraka se mAnasika-vikAra calate haiM? kyA Apako sAmAjika-sAMskRtika kAraka se mAnasika-vikAra calate haiM? 8) kyA jJAnAvaraNa evaM darzanAvaraNa karma ke udaya se prabhAvita hokara mAnasika-vikAra calate haiM? kyA Apako mohanIya karma ke udaya se prabhAvita hokara mAnasika-vikAra calate haiM? kyA Apako antarAya karma ke udaya se prabhAvita hokara mAnasika-vikAra calate haiM? 11) kyA Apako vedanIya karma ke udaya se prabhAvita hokara mAnasika-vikAra calate haiM? kyA nAma evaM gotra karma ke udaya se prabhAvita hokara mAnasika-vikAra calate haiM? 13) kyA Apako AyuSya karma ke udaya se prabhAvita hokara mAnasika-vikAra calate haiM? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcita- kabhI-kabhI-9 aksara-@ hamezA-6 14) kyA Apa parivartana-takanIka kA upayoga karate haiM? 15) kyA Apa visarjana-takanIka kA upayoga karate haiM? 16) kyA Apa samatA dvArA tanAva-mukti karate haiM? 17) kyA Apa dhyAna dvArA tanAva-mukti karate haiM? 18) kyA Apa kAyotsarga dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana karate haiM? 19) kyA Apa svAdhyAya dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana karate haiM? 20) kyA Apa AlocanA/pratikramaNa/pratyAkhyAna dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana karate haiM? 21) kyA Apa paramAtma-bhakti dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana karate haiM? 22) kyA Apa ahiMsA, aparigraha evaM anekAnta-dRSTi dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana karate haiM? 23) kyA Apa Atma-jJAna evaM Atma-dAyitva ke bodha dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana karate haiM? kyA Apa vratoM dvArA mAnasika-prabandhana karate haiM? vikalpa- caturtha-0 tRtIya- dvitIya-(r) prathama- koI nahIM-6 25) Apa mAnasika-vikAroM ke duSpariNAmoM kI kauna-sI avasthA se grasta haiM? 24) kula kula 0-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara alpatama 421 adhyAya 7 : tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana 59 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #504
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 1 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/479 2 bhAratIyamanovijJAna, DaoN.lakSmI zuklA, pR. 80 3 vahI, pR. 95 4 vahI, pR. 83-84 5 vahI, pR. 84 6 bRhad araNyaka, 1/5/3 (bhAratIyamanovijJAna, DaoN.lakSmI zuklA, pR. 80-81 se uddhRta) 7 bhAratIyamanovijJAna, DaoN.lakSmI zuklA, pR. 112 8 vahI, pR. 83-84 9 vahI, pR. 84 10 vahI, pR. 83 11 vahI, pR. 80 12 bhAratIya darzana meM mana kI avadhAraNA (zodha-prabandha), nAgeMdrasiMha ThAkura, pR. 27 (nyAya), pR. 25 (vaizeSika), pR. 37 (sAMkhya), pR. 37 (yoga), pR. 38 (mImAMsA), pR. 18 (vedAnta), 13 vahI, pR. 34 (nyAya), pR. 25 (vaizeSika), pR. 36 (sAMkhya), pR. 36 (yoga), pR. 17 (mImAMsA), pR. 20 (vedAnta) 14 vahI, pR. 37 (sAMkhya), pR. 18 (vedAnta) 15 vahI, pR. 29 (nyAya), pR. 25 (vaizeSika), pR. 39 (sAMkhya), pR. 39 (yoga), pR. 16 (mImAMsA), pR. 19 (vedAnta) 16 abhidhammatthasaMgaho, pR. 1 (jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN. sAgaramalajaina, 1/494 se uddhRta) 17 bhAratIyadarzana, dattA (vahI, pR. 495 se uddhRta) 18 kaThopaniSad, 1/3/3, 4 evaM 10 (bhAratIyamanovijJAna, DaoN. lakSmI zuklA, pR. 93 se uddhRta) 19 abhidhAnacintAmaNiH, 6/5 20 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 3525 21 sUtrakRtAMgasUtravRtti (jainabhAratI patrikA, janavarI, 2007, pR. 22 se uddhRta) 22 sthAnAMgasUtra saTIka (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 6/74 se uddhRta) 23 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 13/7/10 24 SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) (jainabhAratI patrikA, janavarI, 2007, pR. 22 se uddhRta) 25 dravya mana kA lakSaNa, jainendrasiddhAntakoza, 3/270 26 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/480 27 citta aura mana, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 4 28 bhAratIyamanovijJAna, DaoN.lakSmI zuklA, pR. 102 29 tattvArthasUtra, 1/15 30 nandIsUtra, 53-60 31 tattvArthasUtra, 1/13 32 citta aura mana, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 21-22 33 vahI, pR. 22 34 dravyasaMgraha, 41 35 vahI, 41, 42 36 citta aura mana, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 23 37 jaina darzana, manana aura mImAMsA, muni nathamala, pR. 559 38 saMzaya-pratibhA-svapna-jJAnohAsukhAdikSamecchAdayazca manaso liMgAni - sanmatiprakaraNa, kANDa 2 (jainadarzana, manana aura mImAMsA, muni nathamala, pR. 515 se uddhRta) 39 indriyeNendriyArtho hi, samanaskena gRhyte| kalpyate manasApyUcaM, guNato doSato yathA / / - carakasUtra, 1/20 (vahI, pR. 515 se uddhRta) 40 sarvArthasiddhi, 1/14 41 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 2/443 42 sarvArthasiddhi, 2/11 43 zrIbhikSu-AgamaviSayakoza, 2/458 44 jainasiddhAntadIpikA, 2/33 (jaina darzana, manana aura mImAMsA, __muni nathamala, pR. 515 se uddhRta) 45 yogazAstra, 12/2 (jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/494 se uddhRta) 46 jainabhAratI (patrikA), navaMbara, 2005, pR. 25 47 maitrANyupaniSad, 4/11 (jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN. sAgaramalajaina, 1/482 se uddhRta) 48 karmagrantha, 5/37 49 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/482 50 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29/57 51 upadezapuSpamAlA, malladhArI hemacaMdrasUri, 100 52 vyavahArabhASya, 1028-1029 53 uccatara sAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, a. 5-10 54 AcArAMgasUtra, 2/3/28 55 manoroga, pR. 9-10 56 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 1325 57 tattvArthasUtra, 5/29 58 svabhAvAdanyathAbhavanaM vibhAvaH - AlApapaddhati, 6 (jainendrasiddhAntakoza, 3/557 se uddhRta) 59 kisane kahA mana caMcala hai?, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 159 60 zramaNapatrikA, janavarI-mArca, 1997, pR. 2 60 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 422 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #505
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 61 vahI, pR. 2 62 uccatara sAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, pR. 755 63 zramaNapatrikA, janavarI-mArca, 1997, pR. 2 64 tattvArthasUtra, 5/29 65 zramaNapatrikA, janavarI-mArca, 1997, pR. 8 66 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/58 67 bhaktaparijJA, 84 68 Anandaghana caubIsI, 17/2 69 vyavahArabhASya, 1028 70 tattvArthasUtra, 2/1 71 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/7 72 RSibhASita, 4/4 73 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/36 74 icchA pasatthamapasatthigA, ya mayaNami veyuvogo| teNahigAro tassa u, vayaMti dhIrA niruttamiNaM / / - dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 163 75 zrImaddevacandra caubIsI, 22/5 76 uccatara sAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, pR. 755 77 vahI, pR. 754 78 tattvArtharAjavArttika, 9/35 79 tattvArthasUtra, 9/36 80 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/13 81 sArtha posahasajjhAyasUtra, 29, (prAkRtasUktikoza, maho. candraprabhasAgara, pR. 140 se uddhRta) 82 tattvArtharAjavArttika, 9/33 83 tattvArthasUtra, 9/31-34 84 sva-prabandhana meM jIvanavijJAna (ema.e.pustaka), pR. 166 85 sUtrakRtAMgasUtracUrNi, 1/2/2 86 sva-prabandhana meM jIvanavijJAna (ema.e.pustaka), pR. 161 87 bhaktaparijJA, 134 88 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 1177 89 gurudevazrImahendrasAgarajI ma.sA. se carcA ke AdhAra para . 90 sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/2/188 91 vahI, 3/2/188 92 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/6/4 93 zAntasudhArasa, 15/1 94 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/2/7 95 bhAvaprAbhRta, 88 96 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 199 97 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/2/7 98 uccatara sAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, pR. 783 99 Understanding Psychology, Robert S. Feldmen p.305 100 AcArAMgasUtra (saTIka), 1/1/8/242, pR. 296 101 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 2978 102 tattvArtharAjavArttika, 6/4 103 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa). 11/282 104 prazamarati, 31 105 vahI, 18-19 106 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/7 107 maraNasamAdhi, 198 (jinavANI ke motI, dulIcandajaina, pR. 60 se uddhRta) 108 uttarAdhyayanasutra, 31/2 109 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 1/500 110 vahI, 1/500 111 yogazAstra, 4/9 112 kaSAya, sA.hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 15 113 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/76 114 kaSAya, sA.hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 23 115 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/77 116 anagAradharmAmRta, 6/19 117 kaSAya, sA.hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 30 118 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/78 119 yogazAstra, 4/18 120 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/1/79 121 jainavidyA (bI.e.1), 2/83-84 122 yogazAstra, 1/47-56 123 Avazyakaniyukti, 120 124 Adhunika asAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, pR. 245-246 125 vahI, pR. 246 126 vahI, pR. 247-248 127 tanAvamukta kaise raheM?, ema.ke. guptA, pR. 44 128 Adhunika asAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, pR. 55-58 129 vyavahArabhASya, 1078-1086 130 vahI, 1123-1125 131 vahI, 1153 132 vahI, 1079 133 vahI, 1125-1131 423 adhyAya 7: tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #506
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 134 nayAmAnava nayAvizva, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 124 135 sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/93 136 nayacakra, 92 137 Adhunika asAmAnya manovijJAna, aruNasiMha, pR. 138-166 138 vahI, pR. 167-173 139 grantharAjazrIpaMcAdhyAyI, 1086-1087 140 mokSamArgaprakAzaka, adhikAra 3, pR. 46-62 141 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/5/2/23 142 bRhatkalpabhASya, 2690 143 RSibhASita, 21/1 144 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 759 145 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/53 146 Anandaghana caubIsI, 17/8 147 jIvana kI muskAna, DaoN.priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 11 148 vyavahArabhASya, pIThikA, 77 149 prabodhaTIkA, 1/192 150 saMbodhasaptatikA, 2 (kaSAya, sA.hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 132 se uddhRta) 151 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/58 152 vahI, 14/24 153 tattvajJAnataraMgiNI, 3/3-4 154 sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/3/357 155 saMbodhasittarI, 25 (prAkRtasUktikoza, maho.candraprabhasAgara, pR. 176 se uddhRta) 156 dhyAnazataka, 103 (vahI, pR. 155 se uddhRta) 157 zramaNapatrikA, janavarI-mArca, 1997, pR. 13 158 samaNasuttaM, 481 159 bRhatkalpabhASya, 1169 160 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 9/22 161 samayasAra, 9/383-385 162 oghaniyukti, 806 163 Anandaghana caubIsI, 1/6 164 zramaNapatrikA, janavarI-mArca, 1997, pR. 12 165 AtmAjJAnabhavaM duHkhaM, AtmajJAnena hnyte| abhyastaM tat tathA tena, yenAtmA jJAnamayo bhvet|| - jJAnasAra, ramaNalAla cI. zAha, pR. 69 166 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 20/37 167 tattvArthasUtra, 7/1 168 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/37 62 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 424 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #507
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 8 paryAvaraNa prabandhana ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT IT Caucalon Themational For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #508
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #509
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 8 . paryAvaraNa-prabandhana (Environment Management) Page No. Chap. Cont. 426 428 432 444 446 446 447 447 449 450 451 452 453 8.1 paryAvaraNa kyA hai? 8.2 paryAvaraNa kA sArvabhaumika, sArvakAlika aura sArvajanika mahattva 8.3 paryAvaraNa kI samasyAe~ evaM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke duSpariNAma 8.4 paryAvaraNa kI samasyAoM evaM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke mUla kAraNa 8.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM paryAvaraNa prabandhana 8.5.1 paryAvaraNa-prabandhana : eka paricaya 8.5.2 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa (1) paryAvaraNa-prabandhana sambandhI uddezya banAnA (2) ahiMsA evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA sahasambandha (3) SaTkAyika jIvoM kI jayaNA evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana (4) Atmaupamya dRSTi kA vikAsa evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana (5) vaicArika ahiMsA evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana (6) vidhi-niSedha rUpa ahiMsA evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana (7) paraspara sahayoga kI bhAvanA evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana (8) mAdhukarI vRtti evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana (9) hiMsA ke duSpariNAma evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kI preraNA (10) Atma-svAtantrya evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 8.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 8.6.1 bhUmi-saMrakSaNa 8.6.2 jala-saMrakSaNa 8.6.3 agni -saMrakSaNa 8.6.4 vAyu-saMrakSaNa 8.6.5 vanaspati-saMrakSaNa 8.6.6 trasa jIva saMrakSaNa 8.7 niSkarSa 8.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 454 455 456 457 459 459 463 467 471 474 477 482 484 485 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #510
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #511
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 8 paryAvaraNa-prabandhana (Environment Management) Adhunika yuga kA bahucarcita zabda hai - paryAvaraNa, jisakA mAnava-jIvana se sArvakAlika, sArvabhaumika aura sArvajanika sambandha hai| binA paryAvaraNa ke jIvana kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| vastutaH, paryAvaraNa mAnava-jIvana hetu prakRti dvArA pradatta sarvottama upahAra hai| isa para na kevala mAnava-jIvana kA astitva TikA hai, varan jIvana kA vikAsa bhI isI ke sahayoga se sambhava hai| ataeva jIvana-prabandhana meM paryAvaraNa kA viziSTa yogadAna hai| paryAvaraNa svataH pravAhazIla hai| vaha na kevala mAnava, apitu samasta prANiyoM ko jIvana jIne ke Avazyaka tattva sahaja hI pradAna karatA hai, lekina mAnava eka aisA prANI hai, jisane svArthavaza sampUrNa paryAvaraNa para apanA adhikAra mAna rakhA hai| vaha itanA krUra ho gayA hai ki svahita ke lie paryAvaraNa kA andhAdhundha dohana karane meM lagA hai| viDambanA yaha hai ki vaha paryAvaraNa kA hrAsa karake apanA vikAsa cAhatA hai, paryAvaraNa kA bhakSaNa karake apanA saMrakSaNa cAhatA hai aura paryAvaraNa kA zoSaNa karake apanA poSaNa cAhatA hai| vaha yaha bhUla hI gayA hai ki AdhAra ke binA Adheya kA astitva asambhava hai, pariNAmasvarUpa Aja pathvI ke astitva para hI khatarA maMDarA rahA hai| jo mAnava apane jIvana ke vikAsa ke gaganacumbI sapane dekha rahA thA, Aja usake apane jIvana ke astitva para hI prazna-cihna lagA huA hai, isIlie mAnava ko cAhie ki vaha jIvana-prabandhana ke lie paryAvaraNa aura usakI samasyAoM ko samajhe, samasyAoM ke tAtkAlika evaM sudUravartI duSpariNAmoM kI samIkSA kare tathA paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa aura saMvarddhana ke samucita upAya kre| isI ko paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kahate haiM aura yaha jIvana-prabandhana kA atyanta Avazyaka pahalU hai| jainaAcArazAstra jitane prAcIna haiM, utane hI prAmANika bhii| ye prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke pratinidhi bhI haiN| inameM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke aneka sUtra haiM, jinake prayoga se paryAvaraNa kI samasyAoM kA sahaja aura sarala samAdhAna prApta ho sakatA hai| prastuta adhyAya kA abhidheya bhI ina sUtroM ko udghATita karanA hI hai| pratyeka mAnava kA yaha naitika dAyitva hai ki vaha jIvana meM ina sUtroM kA yathocita pAlana kre| 425 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #512
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.1 paryAvaraNa kyA hai? paryAvaraNa zabda 'pari' aura 'AvaraNa' ke yoga se banA hai| 'pari' kA artha hai - cAroM ora se aura 'AvaraNa' kA artha hai - vaha gherA, jo hameM prabhAvita karatA hai| ataH cAroM ora vyApta vaha pariveza, jisase hama ghire hue haiM aura jo hamArI jIvanacaryA evaM kAryapraNAlI ko prabhAvita karatA hai, paryAvaraNa kahalAtA hai|' sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra, hamAre AsapAsa jo kucha maujUda haiM, ve jar3a aura cetana hI haiM, ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, vanaspati tathA anya sabhI jIva evaM jar3a jagat, jo prANI ke janma evaM jIvana ko prabhAvita karate haiM, paryAvaraNa ke antargata Ate haiN| paryAvaraNa eka bahuAyAmI tattva hai, jise bhagavAn mahAvIra ne cAra dRSTiyoM ke samuccaya ke rUpa meM samajhAyA hai| ye dRSTiyA~ haiM - dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhaav| 'dravya' ke AdhAra para paryAvaraNa meM samasta sajIva evaM nirjIva padArthoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| kSetra' kI dRSTi se yaha lokavyApI hone se ativistRta hai| 'kAla' kI dRSTi se yaha sArvakAlika hone se zAzvat hai| isI prakAra, "bhAva' ke AdhAra para isake AdhyAtmika, bhautika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, Arthika, rAjanItika, bhaugolika, vaicArika Adi aneka pakSa haiN| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki paryAvaraNa ke antargata mAtra manuSya, per3a-paudhe, jIva-jantu hI nahIM, apitu akhila brahmANDa meM avasthita dRzya-adRzya , cara-acara, sUkSma-sthUla , anukUla-pratikUla Adi sabhI pakSa samAhita haiN| yadyapi paryAvaraNa ativyApaka hai, phira bhI saMracanA ke AdhAra para isake do ghaTaka haiM - (1) prAkRtika paryAvaraNa (Natural Environment) - isakI racanA meM mAnava kI koI bhUmikA nahIM hotI, yaha svataH hI utpanna hotA hai| hamAre cAroM ora upasthita pRthvI, jala, vAyu, sUrya, vana, per3a-paudhe, prANI Adi isake antargata Ate haiN| paryAvaraNavid DaoN. nilose ke anusAra, "hama paryAvaraNa kI parikalpanA jIvamaNDala (Biosphere) dvArA bhI karate haiM, jisake antargata jalamaNDala (Hydrosphere), sthalamaNDala (Lithosphere) evaM vAyumaNDala (Atmosphere) ke jIvana yukta bhAgoM kA samAveza hotA hai| (2) mAnavanirmita paryAvaraNa (Man-made Environment) isakI racanA meM mAnava kI ahama bhUmikA hotI hai| prAkRtika paryAvaraNa ke pratikUla prabhAvoM se bacane evaM anukUla prabhAvoM kA lAbha lene ke lie mAnava jina vastuoM kA nirmANa karatA hai, unakA samuccaya hI mAnavanirmita paryAvaraNa kahalAtA hai| isake antargata bhavana, udyoga, mazIneM, vAhana, gharelu upakaraNa, zRMgAra-prasAdhana, vastra, rephrIjareTara, vAtAnukUlita-yantra, janareTara, TI.vI., mobAIla, bA~dha, pula, sar3aka, relamArga Adi anekAneka vastue~ AtI haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 426 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #513
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vartamAna pariveza meM yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama jainaAcAra kA anupAlana kara mAnavanirmita paryAvaraNa kA samyak prabandhana kareM, jisase prAkRtika paryAvaraNa para par3ane vAle duSprabhAvoM ko nyUnatama kiyA jA ske| ==4 >== --- 427 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #514
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.2 paryAvaraNa kA sArvabhaumika, sArvakAlika evaM sArvajanika mahattva __ Aja se lagabhaga aThAraha sau varSa pUrva AcArya umAsvAti ne paryAvaraNa kI jina vizeSatAoM ko darzAyA, unase paryAvaraNa kI mahattA svataH hI prakaTa ho jAtI hai| ye vizeSatAe~ haiM - kriyAtmakatA, gatyAtmakatA aura prspr-aashrittaa| (1) kriyAtmakatA - paryAvaraNa ke pratyeka ghaTaka kA koI na koI prayojana avazya hai arthAt koI bhI ghaTaka aisA nahIM hai, jo niSkriya aura arthahIna ho| cAhe vana ho yA bhUmi, jala ho yA agni, vAyu ho yA anya prANI, ina sabhI kA prayojana avazya hai| hameM cAhie ki paryAvaraNa ke ghaTakoM kA samucita mUlyAMkana kara skeN| (2) gatyAtmakatA' - paryAvaraNa kA pratyeka ghaTaka pratikSaNa parivartanazIla hai| 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' arthAt koI bhI ghaTaka aisA nahIM hai, jisameM avasthAntaraNa nahIM ho rahA hai| cAhe samudra ho yA saritA, parvata ho yA samatala bhUbhAga (maidAna, paThAra Adi), marusthala ho yA vanabhUmi, paryAvaraNa ke pratyeka ghaTaka meM gatyAtmakatA yA parivartanazIlatA hai| yaha vizeSatA paryAvaraNIya guNavattA meM sudhAra kI sambhAvanAoM ko prakaTa karatI hai| kaisI sundara evaM sakArAtmaka vyavasthA para AdhArita hai hamArA paryAvaraNa! hameM cAhie ki paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kI prakriyA ke dvArA paryAvaraNIya hAsa kI apekSA vikAsa kA prayAsa kreN| (3) paraspara-AzritatA' - paryAvaraNa evaM mAnava ke bIca tathA paryAvaraNa ke vividha ghaTakoM ke bIca paraspara-nirbharatA hai - parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / ye tattva eka-dUsare se prabhAvita hote rahate haiM, jaise - jIvana para pudgala kA upakAra hai| isa vizeSatA ke kAraNa se hI mAnava apanI samasta AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti paryAvaraNa ke mAdhyama se kara pAtA hai| cAhe AvAsa ho yA AhAra, prANavAyu ho yA peyajala, auSadhiyA~ ho yA sajAvaTI sAmAna, vAhana ho yA saMcAra ke upakaraNa, ina sabhI kI ApUrti pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se prakRti-pradatta upahAroM se hI hotI hai| hamArA yaha naitika karttavya hai ki yadi paryAvaraNa hamAre jIvana ko surakSA pradAna karatA hai, to hama bhI usakA saMrakSaNa karane kA adhikAdhika prayAsa kreN| 8.2.1 prakRti-pradatta amUlya upahAroM kA mAnava jIvana meM upakAra yaha eka adbhuta satya hai ki paryAvaraNa ke rUpa meM sahaja upalabdha saMsAdhanoM kA hamAre jIvana meM anupama upakAra hai| inake binA jIvana-astitva evaM jIvana-vikAsa kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM ko chaha zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa (jiiv-jntu)|' unhoMne na kevala inake Azrita jIvana ke astitva ko, apitu svayaM inameM bhI jIvana sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| inake samuccaya ko jaina-paramparA meM 'SaDjIvanikAya' kahA jAtA hai| inakA mahattva isa prakAra hai - jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 428 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #515
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (1) pRthvI-saMsAdhana (bhUmi-saMsAdhana) - anya saMsAdhanoM kI apekSA bhUmi kA mahattva atulanIya hai, kyoMki yaha vaha saMsAdhana hai, jo cirakAla se jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati evaM mAnavasahita sabhI prANiyoM kI Azraya-sthalI rahI hai| Arthika-vikAsa ke kSetroM, kRSi athavA udyogoM meM bhUmi ke mahattva se koI bhI iMkAra nahIM kara sktaa| hama kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki yadi lohe evaM ispAta kA upayoga banda kara diyA jAe, to prAyaH sabhI udyoga paMgu ho jaaeNge| bhUmi meM maujUda khanija sampadA Aja kisI bhI rASTra kI sampannatA kA pratIka hai| yadi ArthikakSetra meM bhUmi AdhArita saMsAdhanoM kA adhika mahattva hai, to gharelU kSetra meM bhI usakA mahattva kama nahIM hai| gharoM meM prayukta khAdya khanija, jaise - saiMdhA namaka, kAlA namaka, sajjI, saMcorA (kSAra) Adi, bhavanopayogI padArtha, jaise - bAlU, sImeMTa banAne kA patthara, grenAiTa, saMgamaramara, lohe kI char3a Adi tathA anya upayogI khanija, jaise - svarNa, cA~dI, cUnA (kelziyama), tA~bA, pItala (mizrita dhAtu), elyuminiyama Adi sabhI kA AdhAra bhUmi hI hai| sacamuca , bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ko abhaya pradAna karane arthAt pRthvI ke saMrakSaNa hetu jo nirdeza die haiM, ve sArthaka hI haiN|" (2) jala-saMsAdhana - jIvana kA prAthamika aura pramukha AdhAra jala hai| jala hI jIvana hai, vahI zarIra kI samasta jaivika kriyAoM kA utpreraka hai|12 itanA hI nahIM, jala ke binA manuSya to dUra per3a-paudhe, pazu-pakSI, kIr3e-makor3e bhI jIvita nahIM raha skte| peyajala kI ApUrti na hone para utpanna hone vAle kolAhala se kauna aparicita hogaa| yaha na kevala jIvanadAyI tattva hai, apitu aneka Arthika kriyAoM, jaise - kRSi, udyoga, vidyuta utpAdana, jala-parivahana Adi kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| isa prakAra jala kA apratima mahattva sarvavidita hai| ataH jaina-paramparA meM eka bU~da jala kA bhI apavyaya nahIM karane kA nirdezana paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa ke lie upayukta hai| (3) agni-saMsAdhana - isakA mahattva bhI anupama hai, kyoMki isase prApta tApa evaM prakAza UrjA (Heat and Light Energy) ke vividha prayoga kie jAte haiN| itanA hI nahIM, UrjA kA rUpAntaraNa karake vidyutIya UrjA (Electric Energy), cumbakIya UrjA (Magnetic Energy) Adi kI prApti bhI ho jAtI hai, jisakA prayoga udyoga-dhaMdhoM, kRSi, parivahana, saMcAra, manoraMjana Adi meM kiyA jAtA hai| jaina-paramparA meM agni kA viziSTa mahattva svIkAra karate hue agni-srotoM kA prayoga karane ke lie sAdhu ko sarvathA evaM gRhastha ko aMzataH niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jo Aja bhI anukaraNIya hai| (4) vAyu-saMsAdhana - vAyu vaha saMsAdhana hai, jisake binA mAnavasahita anekAneka prANiyoM kA kSaNa bhara bhI jIvana nahIM cala sakatA, isIlie zvAsa lene para vAyu meM se zoSita oNksIjana, jo rakta ko zuddha karatI hai, ko 'prANavAyu' bhI kahate haiN| isake atirikta, ojona parata bhI vAyu kA hI upakAra hai, jo chatarInumA AkAra meM surakSA kavaca banakara brahmANDa evaM sUrya se Ane vAlI hAnikAraka parAbaiMganI (Ultra Violet Rays), gAmA tathA eksa kiraNoM tathA brahmANDIya kiraNoM ko pRthvI sataha para Ane se 429 adhyAya 8: paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #516
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rokatI hai, kyoMki ye kiraNeM per3a-paudhoM, pazu-pakSI ke sAtha mAnava ko bhI hAni pahu~cAtI hai| yaha mAnava meM tvacIya kaiMsara, motiyAbinda Adi rogoM kI utpatti bhI kara detI hai| vAyumaNDala meM vidyamAna vividha gaisoM ke bhI apane-apane viziSTa upakAra haiM, jaise - prAkRtika kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa gaisa jo pRthvI se parAvartita avarakta vikiraNoM (Infra Red Rays) ko avazoSita kara pRthvI para Avazyaka tApamAna ko banAe rakhane meM sahAyaka hai| vANI-saMpreSaNa ke lie dhvani taraMgoM ke saMprasAraNa meM bhI vAyu sahAyaka hai| isa AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainazAstroM meM vAyu-saMrakSaNa ke lie dhUmrotpAdaka kAryoM evaM adhika vANI-vilAsa (vAcAlatA) se bacane ke lie jo nirdeza die gae haiM, ve Avazyaka haiN|14 (5) vanaspati aura vana saMsAdhana - vanaspati ekamAtra saMsAdhana hai, jo kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa ko avazoSita kara mAnavasahita anya jIvoM ko oNksIjana pradAna karatI hai| yaha vanaspati na kevala sthala para, apitu sAgara meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| anumAnataH eka svastha vRkSa lagabhaga chattIsa vyaktiyoM ko prANavAyu detA hai| 16 Azcaryajanaka hai ki eka hekTeyara meM lagA vana, bIsa kAroM dvArA utpanna kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa (CO.) gaisa evaM dhuA~ avazoSita karatA hai|" dhvani pradUSaNa ko kama karane meM bhI vanaspati kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| 93 ghana mI. meM lagA vana ATha DesIbala dhvani pradUSaNa dUra karatA hai|18 vanaspati yaha garmI meM zItalatA aura ThaNDa meM uSmA pradAna karane vAlA prAkRtika vAtAnukUlaka (A.C.) hai| 20 ghaNTe lagAtAra calane vAle pA~ca vAtAnukUlaka-yantra (A.C.) jitanI zItalatA pradAna karate haiM, utanI eka vRkSa detA hai| vanaspati na kevala varSA hone meM sahAyaka hai, apitu bAr3ha-prakopa ko kama karane meM bhI sahAyaka hai| ye miTTI kI namI ko saMcita rakha kara mRdA-kSaraNa (Soil erosion) ko rokatI hai| Aja bhI vanotpAdoM, jaise - lakar3I, koyalA, goMda, jar3I-buTiyA~, rabara, cArA Adi se hama gharela evaM Arthika AvazyakatAoM kI parti karate haiN| vana hI asaMkhya jIva-janta paza-pakSiyoM. AdivAsI prajAtiyoM ke nivAsa haiN| vanaspati ke vyApaka mahattva ke AdhAra para hI jainAcAryoM ne binA prayojana ke pattI tor3anA to dUra, use sparza karane kA bhI niSedha kiyA hai| ye vana hI haiM, jo prAcIna kAla se hI hamArI saMskRti ke purodhA haiN| yahA~ sAdhanA karate hue hamAre jainAcAryoM ne vizva-paryAvaraNa ke saMrakSaNa ke jina sArvabhaumika siddhAntoM kI sthApanA kI, ve Aja bhI pUrNa prAsaMgika haiN| (6) trasajIva-saMsAdhana - prakRti dvArA pradatta upahAroM meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu evaM vanaspati se adhika vikasita haiM - trasa arthAt gatizIla jiiv-jntu| yadi trasajIva samApta ho jAe~, to paryAvaraNIya santulana hI bhaMga ho jaaegaa| mAnava ko pRthvI Adi pUrvokta pA~coM saMsAdhanoM kA dohana karane meM ina trasa jIvoM kA viziSTa sahayoga milatA hai| Aja bhI gAya, bhaiMsa, U~Ta, ghor3e, hAthI, gadhe, bakarI Adi kI sevAeM lI jAtI haiM tathA inake utpAdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| cIla aura kaue~ kuzala parimArjaka ke rUpa meM upayogI haiN| cir3iyA, madhumakkhI, pazu Adi bIjoM ke vitaraNa (phailAne) meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 430 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #517
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sahAyaka haiN| apaziSTa padArthoM kA apaghaTana viziSTa jIvANu (Bacteria) karate haiN| keMcue~ to miTTI ko urvaraka banAne meM viziSTa yogadAna dete haiN| vaise keMcuoM ko prAkRtika TrekTara, khAda kArakhAnA aura bA~dha tInoM kahA jAtA hai| mAnava bhI eka trasajIva hai| kisI mAnava ke jIvana-astitva aura jIvana-vikAsa meM mAnavIya paryAvaraNa kI ahama bhUmikA hotI hai| mAnava ko mAnava se hI jIvana ke sAMskRtika, Arthika rAjanItika, AdhyAtmika, dhArmika Adi pakSoM meM unnati kI abhipreraNA, nirdeza aura sahakAritA milatI hai, isIlie mAnava samAja evaM parivAra meM jIne ko prAthamikatA detA rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vikAsa-sopAna para ArUr3ha ina trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA na karane kA spaSTa nirdeza diyA hai| jaina-paramparA meM eka cIMTI kI bhI hiMsA nahIM karane kI zubha preraNA dI jAtI hai, jo trasa jIvoM ke vaividhya kA saMrakSaNa karane ke lie tatpara jainAcAryoM kI sajagatA kA udAharaNa hai| ===== ====== 431 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #518
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.3 paryAvaraNa kI samasyAe~ evaM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke duSpariNAma manuSya kI yaha maulika vizeSatA hai ki vaha paryAvaraNIya saMsAdhanoM kA adhikAdhika upayoga karane meM sarvAdhika samartha hai| audyogika evaM takanIkI vikAsa ke isa yuga meM vaha apanI kSamatAoM kA manamAnA prayoga kara rahA hai| usane lAkhoM-karor3oM varSoM se saMcita evaM saMrakSita saMsAdhanoM ke zoSaNa evaM pradUSaNa meM Aja koI kasara bAkI nahIM rakhI hai, parantu isakA duSpariNAma yaha hai ki paryAvaraNa-santulana bhaMga ho rahA hai aura sthiti itanI bhayAvaha hotI jA rahI hai ki mAnava ke astitva para hI khatarA maMDarA rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha siddhAnta vizeSa smaraNIya hai - "savvesiM jIviyaM piyaM, nAivAejja kaMcaNaM' arthAt 'he mAnava! jIvana sabhI ko priya hai, ataH kisI ke jIvana ko mata chiino|22 isa siddhAnta meM eka gUr3ha rahasya chipA huA hai - 'jIvavaho appavaho' arthAt dUsaroM kI hiMsA apanI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| adhyayana dvArA yaha pAyA gayA hai ki vigata pA~ca hajAra varSoM meM pRthvI para mAtra tIna sau varSa hI aise rahe, jaba pUrNa zAnti rhii| zeSa varSoM meM pRthvI ke kisI na kisI bhAga meM saMgharSa, lar3AI yA yuddha hote rhe| nizcita hI hamArA atIta garimAmaya nahI rhaa| 24 Aja bhI yahI sthiti nirmita ho rahI hai ki mAnava sarvanAza karake svanAza kI taiyArI meM juTA huA hai arthAt apane hI pA~va para kulhAr3I mArane kI bhUla kara rahA hai| Aie, ikkIsavIM zatAbdI ke sambhAvita khataroM para eka dRSTi DAleM - jala-saMkaTa - vartamAna meM botalabanda jala ke vyavasAya meM vizva ke karIba 30 deza saMlagna haiM, jinase prativarSa 13 lAkha karor3a rUpae kA vyavasAya ho rahA hai| yadi duniyA jAnakara bhI anajAna rahI, to isa zatAbdI meM peyajala saMkaTa ko lekara mArakATa macegI, antarrAjyIya jalavivAda bar3heMge, san 2050 taka 60 dezoM kI 7 araba janatA bhISaNa jala-saMkaTa se jUjhegI aura anta meM vizvayuddha kA kAraNa bhI jala hI bnegaa| vanoM kI kaTAI - jahA~ atIta meM bhArata kA 80% bhUbhAga vanAcchAdita thA, vahIM vartamAna meM vanoM kI tIvra kaTAI hone se 1987-89 meM vaha mAtra 19.5% raha gayA thA, lekina hAla hI meM saMyukta rASTra saMgha dvArA prastuta upagraha-citroM ke anusAra, aba kevala 8% bhU-bhAga hI vanAcchAdita hai|" Aja bhI vana-vinAza kI gati 15 lAkha haikTeyara prativarSa hai| yadi yahI silasilA jArI rahA, to maujUda vanoM ke 4-8% kSetra san 2020 taka evaM 17-35% kSetra san 2040 taka naSTa ho jaaeNge| san 2040 taka 20 se 75 durlabha vana prajAtiyA~ bhI kramazaH naSTa hone lgeNgii|29 jalAU lakar3I kI mA~ga - paryAvaraNa aura vana maMtrAlaya ke anusAra, zatAbdI anta taka deza meM prativarSa 33 karor3a Tana lakar3I ke Indhana kI jarurata hogI, jise vartamAna vanya sthiti ko dekhate hue kisI bhI prakAra se pUrA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Aja deza kI bahuta bar3I AbAdI jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 432 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #519
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ lakar3I ke Indhana para hI nirbhara rahatI hai|30 bhUmi kA baMjara honA - saMyukta rASTra saMgha kI eka riporTa ke anusAra, vana-vinAza ke kAraNa duniyA kI 25% bhUmi registAna meM parivartita ho cukI hai| bhU-kSaraNa - duniyA meM miTTI kI UparI parata karIba 2600 karor3a Tana hai, jo barasAta meM jaladhArAoM ke kaTAva (Erosion) A jAne ke kAraNa nirantara samudra meM samA rahI hai| bhArata meM prati minaTa pA~ca haikTeyara bhUmi kA kSaraNa ho rahA hai| pratyeka barasAta meM eka haikTeyara bhUmi meM se 16.35 Tana bhUmi baha jAtI hai| yadi isa dazA meM sudhAra nahIM kiyA gayA, to agale 20 sAloM meM eka tihAI kRSi yogya bhUmi naSTa ho jAne kI AzaMkA hai|32 yAda rahe eka iMca miTTI kI parata banane meM eka hajAra varSa lagate haiN| jalavAyu parivartana - saMyukta rASTra saMgha kI jalavAyu parivartana sambandhI sarakArI penala ne apanI vArSika-riporTa meM sakhta cetAvanI dI hai ki 'sArI duniyA meM himAlaya ke gleziyara sabase tejI se pighala rahe haiM aura agara yahI gati jArI rahI, to san 2035 yA zAyada aura pahale ye vilupta bhI ho sakate haiN'|33 * janasaMkhyA vRddhi - bhArata kI janasaMkhyA san 2000 meM 100 karor3a taka pahu~ca gaI, jo vizva kI janasaMkhyA kA lagabhaga 16 pratizata hai| pichale sau varSoM meM jahA~ vizva kI janasaMkhyA 2 araba se 6 araba arthAt 3 guNA huI, vahIM bhArata kI janasaMkhyA 23 karor3a se 1 araba arthAt lagabhaga 5 guNA ho gii| bhArata kI janasaMkhyA san 2011 meM lagabhaga 121 karor3a ho cukI hai aura anumAna hai ki yaha san 2016 meM 126.30 karor3a taka pahu~ca jaaegii| san 2045 taka bhArata kI janasaMkhyA vizva meM sabase adhika hogii| yadi samaya rahate bar3hatI janasaMkhyA para roka nahI lagI, to isake bhayAvaha duSpariNAma Ane vAlI pIr3hI ko bhugatane par3a sakate haiN| jaiva vividhatA ko khatarA - saMyukta rASTra saMgha kI eka riporTa meM kahA gayA hai ki pUrI duniyA meM jIvoM kI lagabhaga 30 lAkha prajAtiyoM meM se lagabhaga dasa hajAra prajAtiyA~ vilupta ho cukI haiM yA vilupta hone kI kagAra para haiN| khAdyAnna saMkaTa - san 2001-02 meM bhArata kI janasaMkhyA lagabhaga 102 karor3a thI, jo bar3hakara san 2020 meM 136 karor3a ho jaaegii| itanI AbAdI ke poSaNa ke lie lagabhaga 375 miliyana Tana khAdyAnna evaM lagabhaga 225 Tana sabjI utpAdana kI jarurata hogI, jo vartamAna meM kramazaH 212. 85 evaM 88.62 miliyana Tana hI utpanna hote haiN| khAdyAnna utpAdana kA pichalA rikArDa dekhane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki janasaMkhyA meM vRddhi hone se khAdyAnna kI AvazyakatA nirantara bar3ha rahI hai, lekina khAdya-utpAdana vRddhi dara san 1990-91 ke bAda se ghaTa rahI hai, jo AgAmI khAdya-saMkaTa kA pratIka hai, ataH sthiti cintanIya hai| 433 adhyAya 8: paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #520
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ astroM kI hor3a - saMyuktarASTrasaMgha ke vizeSajJoM kA mAnanA hai ki vizva meM prati miniTa 20 lAkha DaoNlara (lagabhaga dasa karor3a rUpaye) hathiyAroM para kharca ho rahe haiN| vikasita rASTra moTe taura para astroM para utanA hI vyaya kara rahe haiM, jitanA nAgarikoM ke svAsthya aura sArvajanika zikSA para, jabaki vikAsazIla deza svAsthya kI dekhabhAla kI apekSA hathiyAroM para 30 guNA adhika kharca kara rahe haiN| rakSA vizeSajJoM kA mAnanA hai ki zastroM kI hor3a AdhI mAnavatA ko naSTa kara rahI hai arthAt hathiyAroM para hone vAle kharca se dharatI para rahane vAle hara dUsare vyakti kI sahAyatA kI jA sakatI hai| * kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa kI bar3hatI mAtrA - kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa (CO2) kA vizva meM prativarSa utpAdana, jo san 1948 meM 559 karor3a Tana aura san 1980 meM 2010 karor3a Tana thA, usase bar3hakara san 2025 taka 17,900 karor3a Tana hone kI sambhAvanA hai| havAI meM sthita 'mauna-lAo vedhazAlA' ke vaijJAnikoM kA mAnanA hai ki san 2040 taka CO, kA jamAva Aja se do guNA ho jaaegaa| cUMki CO, hI vaizvika tApa-vRddhi kA kAraNa hai, ataH yaha AgAmI saMkaTa kA saMketa hai| * vizva tApavRddhi - vigata zatAbdI meM duniyA kA tApamAna lagabhaga 0.6deg se 0.7degC taka bar3hA hai| vaijJAnikoM kA mAnanA hai ki yaha Age bhI bar3hatA rhegaa| anumAna hai ki san 2100 taka vaha 5deg se 7degC taka bar3ha jaaegaa| tApamAna kI nirantara tIvra vRddhi bhAvI ke tIvra saMkaToM kI paricAyikA hai|39 ojona parata meM chidra - kloro-phloro kArbana gaisoM (CFC) ke kAraNa hamArI jIvana-rakSikA ojona parata meM chidra hotA jA rahA hai, jisase hAnikAraka parAbaiMganI tathA brahmANDIya kiraNeM pRthvI para pahu~ca rahI haiN| vartamAna meM yaha ojona chidra AsTreliyA ke AkAra kA ho cukA hai|40 apaziSTa padArtha - zaharI vikAsa maMtrAlaya ke AMkar3oM para gaura kareM, to eka lAkha se adhika AbAdI vAle 5100 se adhika bhAratIya kasbe milakara pratidina eka lAkha paMdraha hajAra Tana Thosa apaziSTa (Solid Wastage) paidA karate haiN| keMdrIya pradUSaNa niyantraNa borDa ke anusAra, nagaranikAe~ apane sImita saMsAdhanoM evaM samasyA ke prati uttaradAyitva ke abhAva ke kAraNa pratidina paidA ho rahe kacare kA 10 se 40% hissA uThAne meM bhI asamartha rahatI hai| yaha tathya isa bAta ko darzAtA hai ki hama paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM ke prati kitane jAgarUka haiN| isa prakAra, vartamAna meM cayanita katipaya sAMkhyakIya prastutiyoM ke mAdhyama se paryAvaraNa kI atibhayAvaha evaM ativicAraNIya sthiti kI eka jhalaka hamAre sAmane AtI hai| prAcIna dharmadarzanoM vizeSataH jainadarzana kI zikSAoM kI upekSA kA pariNAma Aja paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM ke rUpa meM ubhara rahA hai| 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 434 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #521
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paryAvaraNa kI jvalanta samasyAoM se avagata hone ke pazcAt isake vividha ghaTakoM- bhUmi, jala. agni, vAyu, vanaspati evaM trasa jIvoM meM utpanna ho rahI samasyAoM ke kAraNoM evaM duSprabhAvoM kI silasilevAra carcA Age kI jA rahI hai - 8.3.1 bhUmi-pradUSaNa (Land or Soil Pollution) ___jainaAcArazAstroM meM bhUmi ke una arthahIna prayogoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jinase bhUmi kI guNavattA ko kSati pahu~catI hai, lekina vartamAna meM nAnAvidha rAsAyanika padArthoM, jaise - khAda, kITanAzaka , apaziSTa padArtha Adi ko bhUmi meM DAlakara use vikRta kiyA jA rahA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa per3a-paudhoM evaM phasaloM kA utpAdana prabhAvita ho rahA hai| dhIre-dhIre bhUmi baMjara ho rahI hai, jisase khAdyAnna saMkaTa bar3ha rahA hai| harI vanaspati ke abhAva meM varSA prabhAvita ho rahI hai, jisase jala saMkaTa bhI bar3ha rahA hai| bhUmi meM namI kama hotI jA rahI hai, jisase bhUmi-kSaraNa bhI tejI se ho rahA hai| isakA atirikta prabhAva manuSyasahita una asaMkhya kIr3e-makor3oM, jIva-jantuoM para bhI A rahA hai, jo kupoSaNa kA zikAra hokara naSTa hote jA rahe haiN| ataH jaina siddhAntoM kA anupAlana kara bhUmi kA maryAdita prayoga karanA Aja kI jvalanta AvazyakatA hai| jainazAstroM meM khanana vyApAra (phoDI kArya) kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, kintu ina dinoM dhar3alle se khanana kriyA karake khanijoM kA atidohana kiyA jA rahA hai| isase bhUmi kI UparI upajAU parata naSTa ho rahI hai, saikar3oM-hajAroM vRkSoM ko kATA jA rahA hai (vanakarma) aura bar3e-bar3e gaDDhoM kA nirmANa ho rahA hai| isake atirikta majadUroM ke rahavAsa, sthAnIya nivAsiyoM ke punaHsthApana evaM malabe ke Dhera ke lie AsapAsa kI bhUmi pradUSita kI jA rahI hai| itanA hI nahIM, khanana kriyA se bhUgarbha meM vidyamAna hAnikAraka tattva bhI bhUtala para A rahe haiM, jo jala-pradUSaNa aura vAyu pradUSaNa phailA rahe haiN| ina sabake pariNAmasvarUpa mAnava ke lie khAdyAnna ApUrti evaM jala ApUrti dinoMdina muzkila ho rahI hai evaM asvAsthyaprada paristhitiyA~ nirmita ho rahI haiN| yahA~ jainaAcAra kA paripAlana karake jIne kI anivArya AvazyakatA apekSita hai| isakI vistRta carcA Age kI jaaegii| 8.3.2 jala-pradUSaNa (Water Pollution) ___ jaina-paramparA meM jala kA nyUnatama upayoga karate hue jIvana-yApana karane kI preraNA dene ke bAvajUda bhI Aja duniyA meM jala kA apavyaya evaM pradUSaNa bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai| Arthika lobha kI tIvra lAlasA evaM upabhoktAvAdI dRSTikoNa kI pramukhatA se yaha jalIya saMkaTa utpanna huA hai| mAnava kI aniyantrita gatividhiyoM ke kAraNa barphIle pahAr3a evaM gleziyara ghaTa rahe haiM, nadiyoM kA pAnI gharelU audyogika apaziSToM athavA kITanAzaka davAiyoM se yukta hokara malina ho rahA hai, samudra kA khArA pAnI viSAkta ho rahA hai, bhUmigata jala kA stara ghaTa rahA hai, udhara AkAza se amlIya varSA bhI ho rahI 435 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #522
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ inakA prabhAva AmajIvana meM spaSTa parilakSita ho rahA hai| Aja snAna Adi to dUra, pIne ke lie bhI zuddha pAnI nahIM mila rahA hai| mahAtmA gA~dhI kI svatantra bhArata meM yaha kalpanA thI ki sabhI nAgarikoM kA prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM para samAna adhikAra ho, lekina aba pAnI bhI bikane lagA hai| itanA hI nahIM, pradUSita jala ko pIne se kaI bImAriyA~, jaise - haijA, dasta, pIliyA, TAyaphaoNiDa, carma roga Adi utpanna ho rahI haiN| prativarSa asaMkhya per3a-paudhe, pazu-pakSI hI nahIM, apitu garIba manuSya bhI akAla mRtyu ke zikAra ho rahe haiN| Azcarya hai ki pichale 60 sAloM meM jala ko lekara hiMsA ke 37 bar3e mAmale bhI hue haiN| ina sabase yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA AsAna hai ki yadi jala-saMrakSaNa karanA hai, to jainaAcAra ko hAsyocita nahIM, vyavahArocita banAnA hogaa| jainAcAra para AdhArita jala-saMrakSaNa ke binduoM para vistRta carcA Age kI jaaegii| 8.3.3 agni -pradUSaNa (Fire and Light Pollution) __ jaina-paramparA meM gRhastha upAsaka ko agni kA prayoga alpAtialpa karane kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai, lekina Ajakala agni kA prayoga bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai| rAtrikAlIna prakAza-vyavasthA, vidyut cAlita upakaraNoM, audyogika bhaTTiyoM, vAhanoM, rasoIghara ke cUlhoM Adi meM agni kA prayoga bahulatA se pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa meM hotA hai| inase agni-pradUSaNa hotA hai| vastutaH, naisargika rUpa se maujUda tApa, prakAza Adi meM agnijanya kRtrima parivartana hI agni-pradUSaNa hai| koyalA, peTroliyama padArtha, prAkRtika gaisa Adi se prajjvalita agni se na kevala tapana bar3hatA hai, apitu utsarjita kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa, kArbana mono-oNksAiDa, salphara DAI-oNksAiDa Adi se vAyu-pradUSaNa bhI bar3hatA hai, jisase mAnava ke svAsthya para nakArAtmaka prabhAva AtA hai| sabhI jAnate haiM ki sigareTa-bIDI ke dhae~ se zvAsa sambandhI aneka bImAriyA~ ho jAtI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, agni ke prajjvalita hone para kaI kITa, pataMge, titaliyA~ Adi bhramita hokara mara jAtI haiN| vAhana se nikalane vAlA dhuA~ bhI svAsthya ke lie atyanta hAnikAraka hotA hai| rAtrikAlIna prakAza vyavasthA ke duSpariNAma bhI sAmane A rahe haiM, duniyA kI do-tihAI AbAdI to sahI DhaMga se AkAzagaMgA bhI nahIM dekha pA rahI hai| jarmanI meM san 2003 meM eka zodha-adhyayana meM batAyA gayA ki eka sTrITa lAiTa se eka rAta meM ausatana 150 kITa mara jAte haiN| isase kula milAkara pAristhitika asthiratA hI utpanna hotI hai, jo avAMchanIya hai| ataH jaina siddhAntoM kA anukaraNa kara agni ke vividharUpoM ke upayogoM ko sImita karane kI Aja anivArya AvazyakatA hai| isakI vistRta carcA Age kI jaaegii| 8.3.4 vAyu pradUSaNa (Air Pollution) jaina-paramparA meM vAyu ko pradUSita karane vAle prayogoM kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA gayA hai, kintu duniyA meM ina dinoM vAyu pradUSaNa ko khUba bar3hAvA mila rahA hai| 12 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 436 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #523
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvAzma Indhana ko jalAne, kRSi meM prayukta kITanAzaka kA chir3akAva karane, peMTa yA vArniza Adi kA prayoga karane, reDiyodharmI vikiraNa paidA karane vAle yUreniyama Adi kA prayoga karane, apaziSTa padArthoM kA samucita nistAra na karane, vRkSoM ko naSTa karane evaM vyaktigata AdatoM, jaise - dhUmrapAna, itra, vilepana Adi ke kAraNa se Aja vAyu pradUSaNa kI samasyA pUre vizva kI eka vikarAla samasyA banatI jA rahI hai| vAyu pradUSaNa mAnava, kITa, vanaspati evaM anya prANiyoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa vAyumaNDala meM dhuMdha-nirmANa (Smog), amla-varSA (Acid rain), ojona chidra (Ozone hole) aura vaizvika-tapana (Global Warming) jaisI ghaTanAe~ paidA ho rahI haiM, jo jalavAyu evaM mausama ko prabhAvita kara sampUrNa sRSTi ke lie khatarA bana cukI haiN| ___jainAcAryoM kI jIvanopayogI zikSAoM kI upekSA kara vAyu rUpa prAkRtika upahAra ko prANavAyu nahIM, balki prANaghAtaka vAyu banAne kA jo dussAhasa kiyA jA rahA hai, usase nimnalikhita samasyAe~ ubhara rahI haiM -- (1) dhuMdha (Smog)49 - dhue~ (kArbana, rAkha, tela ke kaNoM kA mizraNa) evaM kohare ke saMyoga se dhuMdha banatA hai| isa dhuMdha kA prabhAva dekhane kI kSamatA para par3atA hai| aneka durghaTanAe~ bhI isase hotI haiN| isase damA, broMkAiTisa jaise zvasana roga utpanna hote haiN| phasaloM kA utpAdana bhI gambhIra rUpa se prabhAvita hotA hai| (2) amla-varSA (Acid rain)50 - vAhanoM evaM vidyuta tApagRhoM kI cimaniyoM se nikale dhue~ meM maujUda nAiTrojana oNksAiDa tathA udyogoM kI cimaniyoM se nikale koyale ke dhue~ meM maujUda salphara-DAI-oNksAiDa jaisI gaiseM vASpakaNoM ke sAtha kriyA kara, jala ke sAtha amla-varSA ke rUpa meM barasatI haiN| varSA meM amlatA hone se jala kA pH mUlya (Value), jo sAmAnyataH 5.65 (prAkRtika CO, mizrita jala) honA cAhie, se kama ho jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI yaha varSA nIMbU ke rasa ke samAna amlIya hotI hai| amla-varSA kA jamIna, paudhoM, bhavanoM ke sAtha jalacaroM evaM mAnavoM para bhI hAnikAraka prabhAva par3atA hai| yaha mRdA kI urvarakatA ko kama kara use viSailI banA detI hai| per3a-paudhoM meM prakAza-saMzleSaNa kI prakriyA manda kara detI hai, jisase pattiyA~ sUkhane lagatI haiM aura paudhoM kI abhivRddhi ruka jAtI hai| amla-varSA se aitihAsika imAratoM meM bhI chidra ho jAte haiM evaM saMgamaramara kI camaka meM kamI A jAtI hai| ullekhanIya hai ki mathurA ke tela kArakhAnoM (Oil Refinaries) ke kAraNa AgarA ke tAjamahala kI parata para choTe-choTe chidra ho rahe haiN| amla varSA se jalIya jIvoM kA jIvana bhI prabhAvita hotA hai| nArve meM pA~ca hajAra (5000) tAlAboM meM se 1750 meM aura svIDana meM eka lAkha (100000) tAlAboM meM se 20,000 tAlAboM meM machaliyA~ samApta ho cukI haiN| isake atirikta peya-jala ke pradUSita adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 437 3 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #524
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hone se mAnava svAsthya bhI prabhAvita hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne dhUmrotpAdaka vyavasAyoM kA jo niSedha kiyA hai, usakI sArthakatA vartamAna meM AsAnI se samajhI jA sakatI hai| (3) ojona parata kSayIkaraNa (Ozone layer depletion) 51 - vAyumaNDala meM nAiTrika-oNksAiDa aura kloro-phloro kArbana (CFC) jaisI pradUSaka gaisoM kI upasthiti se sUrya kI hAnikAraka parAbaiMganI kiraNoM se rakSA karane vAlI ojona parata meM cheda ho gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA ina gaisoM kI utpatti rephrIjareTara, vAtAnukUlaka (A.C.), plAsTika, phArmesI, paraphyUma, phoma, ilekTraoNniksa Adi udyogoM meM hotA hai| sAtha hI paramANu visphoToM se nikalI gaiseM, paramANu kendroM se utsarjita vikiraNeM, suparasaoNnika vimAna ke dhue~ se nikalI nAiTrojana oNksAiDa ityAdi bhI ojona parata ke kSaya ke lie jimmedAra haiN| ataH jainAcAryoM ne maryAdita bhogopabhoga karane kA jo nirdeza diyA hai, vaha arthapUrNa hai| ojona kSaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa lAla dhabbe , tvacA kaiMsara aura motiyAbinda Adi roga hote haiN| anumAna hai ki eka pratizata ojona parata kama hone para eka lAkha logoM ko motiyAbinda hone kI sambhAvanA nirmita ho jAtI hai| manuSya ke atirikta per3a-paudhoM aura jantuoM para bhI isakA duSprabhAva par3atA hai| (4) vaizvika tapana (Global Warming) - yaha bhI vizva kI jvalanta paryAvaraNIya samasyA hai, jisase pRthvI kI sataha ke ausata tApamAna meM nirantara abhivRddhi ho rahI hai| mAnava-nirmita gaisoM, jaise CO., CFC, mithena, ojona, nAiTrasa oNksAiDa Adi ke dvArA pRthvI se parAvartita (Reflected) hone vAlI dIrghataraMgI avarakta kiraNoM (Long wavelength Infra red rays) ko rokane se pRthvI kI uSmA kaida ho jAtI hai, isase pRthvI kI sataha kA tApamAna bar3hatA jAtA hai| vaizvika-tapana ke pariNAmasvarUpa jalavAyu aura mausama-cakra meM to parivartana A hI rahA hai, samudrI jala-stara meM bhI nirantara vRddhi ho rahI hai| san 2100 taka 60 se.mI. se adhika vRddhi kI AzaMkA hai| isase mAladIva jaise kaI taTIya kSetra DUba jaaeNge| itanA hI nahIM, gleziyaroM ke pighalane se bAr3ha kI AvRtti bhI bddh'egii| kula milAkara, 'mahApralaya' aura 'himayuga' ke Ane kI sambhAvanA hai| yaha socanIya tathya hai ki prAcya dharma-darzanoM, jaise - jainadarzana kI zikSAoM kI upekSA karake mAnava vikAsa ke bajAya vinAza ke mArga para tIvra gati se bar3ha rahA hai| (5) mAnava svAsthya - vAyu pradUSaNa manuSya ke svAsthya ke lie atyanta hAnikAraka hai| yaha mukhya rUpa se zvasana-tantra ko prabhAvita karatA hai, jisase damA, galA-darda, nimoniyA, broMkAiTisa, phuphphusa kA kaiMsara Adi roga ho jAte haiN| vAhana se nikale dhue~ meM upasthita sIsA (Lead) zarIra meM pahuMcakara yakRta (Liver) tathA gurdo (Kidneys) ko kSati pahu~cAtA hai evaM baccoM meM mastiSka-vikAra Adi prabhAva 14 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 438 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #525
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dikhAtA hai| SO, evaM NO, kI adhikatA ko kaiMsara, hRdayaroga, madhumeha ityAdi ke lie uttaradAyI mAnA jAtA hai| kArbana-mono-oNksAiDa ke adhika sevana se mRtyu taka bhI ho sakatI hai| isake atirikta vAyu pradUSaNa ke kucha sAmAnya prabhAva bhI haiM, jaise - A~khoM meM jalana, sira-darda, sira cakarAnA, khA~sI, jukAma ityaadi| dharma-kalpadruma meM bAhya paryAvaraNa se prabhAvita hone vAle zarIra ke svabhAva ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai - 'idaM zarIraM bahurogamandiram' arthAt yaha zarIra anekAneka rogoM se paripUrNa hai, ataH khAna-pAna kA aura AcAra-vyavahAra kA sadaiva dhyAna rkheN|" yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'na zarIraM punaH punaH' arthAt mAnava-zarIra kI prApti bAra-bAra nahIM hotI, ataH isakA adhika se adhika sundara upayoga kro| isa prakAra, hameM cAhie ki hama vAyu pradUSaNa se mukti ke upAyoM kA pAlana kareM, jisase svAsthya saMrakSaNa ho sake, yahI jainAcAryoM ke upadezoM kA Azaya hai| (6) kIToM evaM anya jIvoM para prabhAva - vAyu pradUSaNa se kucha kITa vizeSataH madhumakkhI evaM zalabha tathA aneka kITabhakSI, stanapoSI Adi bar3I saMkhyA meM marate dekhe jAte haiN| Adhunika upakaraNoM, jaise - All out Adi kA maccharoM para prabhAva isakA sUcaka hai| isase kaI jIvoM ke zvasana-tantra bhI prabhAvita hote haiN| aneka pazuoM kI haDDiyoM tathA dA~toM meM phluorosisa (Fluorosis) ho jAtA hai| pazuoM kA vajana ghaTa jAtA hai tathA unameM laMgar3Apana A jAtA hai| (7) vanaspati para prabhAva - vAyu-pradUSaNa ke kAraNa vanaspati ko sUrya se milane vAle prakAza kI mAtrA meM kamI A jAtI hai| isase prakAza-saMzleSaNa (Photosynthesis) manda ho jAtA hai| pattiyoM para ekatrita pradUSaka padArtha parNarandhroM ko avaruddha kara dete haiM, jisase vASpotsarjana kI prakriyA manda par3a jAtI hai| iz2arAila deza dvArA vAyu pradUSaNa kA adhyayana karane para yaha cauMkAne vAlA tathya sAmane AyA hai ki AkAzIya dhuMdha ke kAraNa kRSi utpAdana meM bIsa pratizata kI kamI AI hai| isa sandarbha meM bhI hameM jaina zikSAoM ke anupAlana kI AvazyakatA hai| (8) reDiyodharmI prabhAva - paramANu saMyantroM, paramANu bama visphoToM evaM anya cikitsakIya kAraNoM se vAtAvaraNa meM reDiyodharmI vikiraNeM (alphA , bITA evaM gAmA) prasarita hotI haiM, jo zarIra meM jAkara aneka roga, jaise -- rakta kaiMsara (Leukemia), haDDI kaiMsara (Bone cancer) Adi utpanna karate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, DI.ena.e. meM pahu~cakara AnuvAMzika parivartana taka kara dete haiN| inake ghAtaka prabhAvoM se bacane ke lie bhI jainAcAra ke siddhAnta atyanta upayogI haiN| (7) dhvani pradUSaNa - yaha bhI vAyu pradUSaNa kA hI eka rUpa hai| atyadhika zora se utpanna asahya sthiti hI dhvani pradUSaNa kahalAtI hai| ___ mAnavacAlita yantroM, jaise - vAhana, mazIna, gharelu upakaraNa, manoraMjana ke sAdhana, DI.je. (lAuDa spIkarsa), mobAIla Adi evaM sAmAjika tathA pArivArika stara para sammelana, saMgoSThI, bhASaNa, nArebAjI, 439 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 7.5 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #526
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kalaha Adi ke dvArA dhvani pradUSaNa utpanna hotA hai| isake prabhAva se na kevala sunane kI kSamatA meM kamI AtI hai, apitu kaI prakAra ke zArIrika roga, jaise - ucca raktacApa, hRdaya-dhar3akanoM kI vRddhi, siradarda Adi bhI utpanna hote haiN| itanA hI nahIM, isake nimitta se kaI mAnasika rogoM, jaise - cir3acir3AhaTa, becainI, krodha, alpa AtmavizvAsa, hatAzA, hatyA Adi meM bhI vizeSa abhivRddhi hotI hai| isakA prabhAva pazu-pakSiyoM para bhI spaSTa dikhAI detA hai, jo bhayabhIta hokara idhara-udhara bhAgate rahate haiN| ___ ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prAcIna yuga meM jo mauna kA upadeza diyA hai, vaha Aja bhI prAsaMgika hai| unakA kahanA hai2 - mauna ke sAdhaka samatva prApta kara saMsAra se mukta ho jAte haiN| (10) jalavAyu parivartana (Climatic change)63 - kisI bhI deza yA pradeza kI unnati kA pramukha ghaTaka hotA hai - jlvaayu| jalavAyu kA nirdhAraNa sthAna-vizeSa kI akSAMza-dezAMza sthiti evaM samudra-tala se usakI dUrI-U~cAI Adi ke AdhAra para hotA hai| jalavAyu para hI khAdya-padArthoM kI utpAdakatA, UrjA kI AvazyakatA, maidAnoM kA nirmANa, varSA kI mAtrA, ThaNDa athavA garmI kI adhikatA ityAdi nirbhara rahatI haiN| vartamAna meM vAyu pradUSaNa bahuta adhika hone se jalavAyu meM asantulana utpanna ho rahA hai, ise hI jalavAyu parivartana kI samasyA kahate haiN| isake pramukha kAraNa haiM - audyogikIkaraNa ke phalasvarUpa kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa (CO.), mithena gaisa (CH.), kArbana mono-oNksAiDa (CO), kloro-phloro-kArbana gaisesa (CFC), nAiTrojana oNksAiDa (NO), salphara-DAI-oNksAiDa (SO.) Adi gaisoM kI bhArI abhivRddhi honaa| vanoM kI kaTAI honA - Adarza jalavAyu ke lie 1/3 bhAga vana, 1/3 bhAga manuSya aura 1/3 bhAga jantu honA cAhie, lekina san 2008 meM kevala 8-10 pratizata vana hI bace haiN| vizva tApa-vRddhi honA ityaadi| ___ jalavAyu parivartana kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki isake aneka duSpariNAma ho sakate haiM, jaise - kRSi-utpAdana meM 10 se 25 pratizata kamI kI aashNkaa| jala-saMkaTa kI bhISaNa samasyA kI sambhAvanA, vizeSakara kuvaita, ijarAila, jArDana Adi meN| pAristhitikI-tantra para prabhAva, jaiva-vividhatA ko khatarA, vanakhaNDoM kA ghAsa-sthala meM badalanA, ghAsa-sthaloM kA marUsthaloM meM badalanA, ArdratA meM kamI AnA ityaadi| jala-cakra para prbhaav| saMkramaNa roga, jaise - maleriyA, DeMgU, lU Adi ke tejI se phailane kI shNkaa| samudra meM elanIno prabhAva (garma-dhArA kI utpatti hokara tApamAna 50degC se adhika ho jAnA) 16 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 440 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #527
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ athavA lAnIno prabhAva (tApamAna meM atyadhika kamI AnA) se kaI jalIya jIvoM kI mRtyu honA / I isa prakAra, vAyu pradUSaNa kI samasyA sAmAnya nahIM hai, balki ativyApaka evaM vicAraNIya hai| yaha niSkarSa galata nahIM hogA ki jainaAcAra meM vAyukAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karane kA nirdeza 'vAyu-pradUSaNa' ko maryAdita karane ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai| vAyu sambandhI samasyAoM evaM duSpariNAmoM se bacane ke lie Age carcA kI jaaegii| 8.3.5 vanaspati kA atidohana (Over Exploitation of Greenery ) 04 tIvratA bar3hatI janasaMkhyA, Arthika vikAsa kI atyadhika lAlasA evaM bhogapradhAna saMskRti ke kAraNa se mAnava vanaspati kA atidohana kara rahA hai, jisakA jaina - paramparA meM spaSTa niSedha hai| varttamAna meM khAdyAnna saMkaTa adhika hone se kRSi - kSetra aura pazu cArAgAhoM kA lagAtAra vistAra ho rahA hai| audyogika AvazyakatAoM ke lie vanopaja, jaise pharnIcara, kAgaja, vastra, Ayurvedika auSadhiyoM, bhavana sAmagriyoM Adi kI mahatI mA~ga hai| bhArata meM lagabhaga 70% grAmINa haiM, jinake pAsa gharelu upayoga ke lie UrjA kA mukhya srota jalAU lakar3I hI hai / varttamAna meM khanana udyoga kA bhI bolabAlA hai| isake atirikta sar3aka, navanagaroM (Colonies ), rela, bA~dha, nahara Adi ke nirmANa meM bhI asaMkhya per3a kaTa rahe haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa, prAkRtika santulana hI gar3abar3A gayA hai| upajAU bhUmi kA kaTAva, bhayaMkara bhUskhalana, pralayakArI bAr3heM, bhayAvaha sUkhe, paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ityAdi vana-unmUlana kA hI pariNAma hai| - vanaspati ke abhAva meM varSA kA jala bhUmi para sIdhA par3ane se mRdA - skhalana bhI tIvratA se hotA hai| isake atirikta jar3oM kI anupasthiti meM mRdA meM bandhana ( Binding ) nahIM raha pAtA, jisase mRdA--aparadana (Soil Erosion) bar3ha jAtA hai| yaha mRdA nadiyoM meM jAkara unheM malina tathA uthalA banAtI hai| isase na kevala kRSi para viparIta prabhAva AtA hai, apitu bAr3ha kI sambhAvanA bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| ina bAr3hoM se asaMkhya jAne jAtI haiM tathA atulanIya nukasAna bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra, kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa kI mAtrA bar3ha jAtI hai, jisase vAyu pradUSaNa bar3hatA hai| varSA-prakriyA meM milane vAlI sahAyatA kama ho jAne se anAvRSTi aura sUkhe kI samasyA bar3hatI hai| vanoM kI kaTAI se bhUmi kI pakar3a chUTane se bhUskhalana kI samasyA bar3hatI hai| havAoM kI gati ko rokane vAlA avarodhaka na hone se A~dhI-tUphAna Ate haiN| vanoM ke patte na hone se bhUmi ko nirantara upajAU rakhane vAlI urvaraka - zakti ke abhAva meM dhIre-dhIre bhUmi baMjara hotI jAtI hai| kAlAntara meM vana kSetra registAna bana jAte haiN| isa prakAra, hama pAte haiM ki vanoM kA atidohana vastutaH apAra janahAni evaM Arthika, sAMskRtika evaM bhaugolika paryAvaraNa kI apUraNIya kSati kA kAraNa hai| ataH jainaAcArazAstroM kI avahelanA na karate hue vanaspati ke prati hameM jar3avat nahIM, apitu Atmavat vyavahAra karanA cAhie / 441 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 17
Page #528
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.3.6 trasa jIvoM para saMkaTa manuSya, pazu-pakSI, kIr3e-makor3oM Adi kA samAveza trasa jIvoM meM hotA hai| Aja jahA~ manuSyoM ke sAtha janasaMkhyA-vRddhi kI samasyA hai, vahIM pazu-pakSI, kIr3e-makor3oM ke prati hiMsaka vyavahAra kie jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa unakI prajAtiyoM ke viluptIkaraNa kI samasyA jur3I huI hai| isase pAristhitika asthiratA utpanna ho rahI hai, jo avAMchanIya evaM ghAtaka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAnta Aja bhI prAsaMgika haiM, jo kisI bhI niraparAdha trasa jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karane kA uttama evaM hitakara nirdeza dete haiM | 55 65 (1) mAnavIya janasaMkhyA - visphoTa janasaMkhyA- visphoTa ke kAraNa AhAra, vastra, jala, AvAsa, cikitsA, zikSA Adi kI atyadhika AvazyakatA par3a rahI hai| inakI pUrti ke lie vyakti pRthvI, jala, vAyu, vana evaM agni kA atidohana karatA hai, jisase ina saMsAdhanoM kI mAtrA evaM guNavattA donoM meM hI kamI A rahI hai / AvazyakatA pUrti ke prayAsoM meM kucha vyakti atisaphala rahe haiM, to kucha viphala bhI siddha hue haiN| isase manuSya meM Arthika evaM sAmAjika viSamatA bar3hI hai| phalasvarUpa, manuSyoM kI paraspara sauhArdapUrNa samarasatA ghaTI hai tathA vaimanasya, yuddha, vivAda, kalaha Adi meM vRddhi huI hai| isase AdhyAtmika, sAmAjika, bhautika Adi sabhI pakSoM kI hAni huI hai| jaina AcAra kA anupAlana hameM maryAdita evaM Atma-niyantrita jIvanazailI kI zikSA detA hai| isameM vihita brahmacarya sambandhI maryAdAe~ hameM bhoga - vAsanAoM evaM vaMza - vistAra ke bajAya Atmika guNoM ke vikAsa kI dizA meM prerita karatI haiM / 66 vastutaH, Atma-saMyama se hI janasaMkhyA - niyantraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sadgRhastha ko svastrIsantoSavrata kA pAlana karanA cAhie evaM pA~ca prakAra ke doSoM se bacanA cAhie, jo isa prakAra haiM 7 itvaraparigRhItA gamana dhana evaM upahAra Adi dekara kucha kAla ke lie kisI strI ke sAtha patnI jaisA vyavahAra karanA / aparigRhItA gamana vezyA, parityaktA evaM anAtha strI ko paisA dekara apanA banA lenA / kAma - sevana ke aMgoM se bhinna aMgoM ke dvArA maithuna sevana karanA / apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ko chor3akara anyoM kA vivAha karAnA / anaMga krIr3A paravivAhakaraNa kAmabhoga tIvrAbhilASA kAmAsakta hokara kAmajanaka auSadhiyoM kA prayoga karanA aura mAdaka dravyoM kA sevana karanA / (2) jantu - jagat ke saMkaTa varttamAna meM audyogika kSetra meM pazu-aMgoM kA upayoga tejI se bar3ha rahA hai aura sAtha hI vividha pradUSaNoM kI mAtrA meM bhI tIvratA se vRddhi ho rahI hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa pAristhitika asantulana paidA 18 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 442 - -- - For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #529
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ho rahA hai aura pazu-pakSI, kIr3e-makor3oM Adi jantuoM kI aneka prajAtiyA~ vilupta hotI jA rahI haiN| yahA~ yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki yadi eka prajAti vilupta hotI hai, to isakA sIdhA prabhAva usa prajAti para AegA, jo usase upakRta hai| isa prakAra, bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha kathana ki eka trasa-jIva kI hiMsA se ananta-jIvoM kI hiMsA ho jAtI hai, svataH siddha ho rahA hai| yadi yaha pAristhitika asuntalana bar3hatA gayA, to isase manuSya kA jIvana bhI prabhAvita hue bagaira nahIM rahegA, kyoMki vaha bhI kaI kAryoM meM trasa-jIvoM ke utpAdoM evaM sevAoM para nirbhara hai| ataH AvazyakatA hai ki hama jainAcAryoM dvArA nirdiSTa ahiMsAtmaka jIvanazailI ko apanAe~, jisase na kevala ina trasa-jIvoM kI surakSA hogI, varan svayaM mAnava jAti kA astitva bhI TikA rhegaa| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'se hu pannANamaMte buddhe Arambhovarae' arthAt 'jo prajJAvAn hote haiM, ve hiMsA se uparata ho jAte haiN| 70 =====4.>===== 443 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #530
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.4 paryAvaraNa kI samasyAoM evaM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke mUla kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai 'he mAnava! tU satya ko acchI taraha parakha le, jAna le| 71 yaha kathana isa bAta ko dyotita karatA hai ki kisI bhI prazna kA samAdhAna pAne ke lie usake mUla kAraNoM (Root cause) ko jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai / varttamAna pariprekSya meM paryAvaraNIya samasyA ke bhayAvaha prabhAvoM se bacane ke lie isake mUla kAraNoM ko khojanA hamArI pramukha AvazyakatA bana gaI hai| jainadarzana meM na kevala paryAvaraNa ko pradUSaNamukta rakhane kI jIvanazailI ko darzAyA gayA hai, apitu pradUSita paryAvaraNa ke mUla kAraNoM ko bhI cihnita kara unake nirAkaraNa kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| Aja pAzcAtya saMskRti kA andhAnukaraNa karake 'artha' aura 'kAma' kI atyadhika lAlasAoM ke calate hama mAnavIya sImAoM kA vyartha atikramaNa kara rahe haiN| paryAvaraNa ko sAdhana banA kara sattA, sampatti, sammAna aura suvidhA kI icchAe~ pUrI karanA cAhate haiM / lobhAndha hokara paryAvaraNa ke prati krUra, kaThora, nirdaya evaM nirmama hote jA rahe haiN| Arthika samRddhi ko hI vikAsa evaM surakSA kA AdhAra mAna rahe haiN| suvidhAvAdI saMskRti hameM sukhadAyI mahasUsa ho rahI hai| 2 pariNAmasvarUpa, hama prakRti kA poSaNa evaM dohana (maryAdita upayoga ) karane meM nahIM, apitu zoSaNa evaM pradUSaNa karane meM rata hai, jisase paryAvaraNIya santulana aura sthiratA bhaMga ho rahI hai| 3 sAra rUpa meM kaheM, to paryAvaraNIya vikRti athavA asantulana kA mUla kAraNa mAnava kI asantulita jIvanazailI hai, jo mAnava kI aniyantrita evaM antahIna icchAoM kA pariNAma hai| merI dRSTi meM, ina mAnavIya pravRttiyoM ko cAra prakAra se vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai -- (1) saMsAdhanoM kA atidohana andhAdhundha evaM aniyojita rUpa se ucca takanIkoM dvArA sImita prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kA teja gati se atidohana karane se na kevala ina saMsAdhanoM meM kamI A rahI hai, balki jalavAyu parivartana Adi viSamatAe~ bhI utpanna ho rahI haiN| jainadarzana meM isIlie alpArambha evaM alpaparigrahapUrvaka jIne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki adhika milane para bhI saMgraha na kareM tathA parigraha-vRtti se apane ko dUra rkheN|74 (2) saMsAdhanoM kA apavyaya eka tarapha saMsAdhanoM ke abhAva meM jIvana - yogya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti bhI nahIM ho rahI hai aura dUsarI ora saMsAdhanoM evaM suvidhAoM kA bharapUra apavyaya kiyA jA rahA hai| isa apavyaya se sImita saMsAdhanoM kI ApUrtti durlabha hotI jA rahI hai| jaina - paramparA meM isIlie saMsAdhanoM ke anAvazyaka evaM asAvadhAnIpUrvaka prayoga ke lie niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 75 pAnI ke sandarbha meM jainadharma meM Aja bhI yaha lokokti hai ki pAnI kA upayoga ghI se bhI adhika sAvadhAnI se karanA caahie| anyatra bhI jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 20 For Personal & Private Use Only 444
Page #531
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kahAvata hai kI pAnI sone se jyAdA kImatI tathA DAinemAiTa se adhika visphoTaka hai| Azaya hai ki hama paryAvaraNa ke saMsAdhanoM kA AvazyakatAnusAra hI upayoga kareM tathA AvazyakatAoM ko nirantara sImita karate jaaeN| (3) saMsAdhanoM kA atibhoga ina dinoM suvidhAparaka evaM pradarzanaparaka jIvanazailI hone se vyakti kI AvazyakatAe~ bahuta bar3ha gaI haiN| tyAga ke sthAna para bhoga kA Adhikya hone se saMsAdhanoM kI vitaraNa-vyavasthA bigar3a jAtI hai| kisI ko khUba suvidhAe~ milatI haiM aura kisI ko mAtra abhAva, isase sAmAjika paryAvaraNa bhI bigar3atA hai| isake atirikta pazu-pakSI, kIr3e-makor3oM Adi kamajora prANiyoM kI to atyadhika upekSA evaM hiMsA hotI hai| jainadarzana meM isIlie gRhastha ke lie aNuvratoM aura sAdhu ke lie mahAvratoM kA vidhAna hai| AcArAMga meM bhogoM meM lipta manuSyoM ko sAvadhAna karate hue sambodhita kiyA gayA hai - 'tuma jina bhogoM yA vastuoM se sukha kI AzA karate ho, vastutaH ve sukha ke hetu nahIM haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM dIrghadarzitApUrvaka kahA gayA hai - "bhaviSya meM tumheM kaSTa bhoganA na par3e, isalie abhI se apane Apa ko bhogoM se dUra rakhakara anuzAsita kro|' 78 isa prakAra hameM prAkRtika jIvanazailI ko apanAne evaM sAdA, sAtvika tathA sadAcArI jIvana jIne kI AvazyakatA hai| (4) apaziSTa padArthoM ko pravAhita karanA Thosa, tarala evaM gaisIya rUpa meM apaziSTa padArthoM ko zuddha saMsAdhanoM meM pravAhita karane se pradUSaNa kI samasyA paidA ho rahI hai, jo paryAvaraNIya samasyA ke lie 'Aga meM ghI DAlane' ke samAna hai| jainadarzana meM 'pratiSThApana samiti' ke siddhAnta dvArA isakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|" isa prakAra, mAnava ko vAstava meM paryAvaraNa kA nahIM, kintu svayaM kA prabandhana karanA hai| paryAvaraNa ko sudhArane ke bajAya paryAvaraNa ko nahIM bigAr3ane kI cetanA jAgrata karanI hai, kyoMki paryAvaraNa vaha svacAlita vyavasthA (Automatic system) hai, jo svayaM to santulita hI rahatI hai, kintu mAnavIya hastakSepa usameM asantulana paidA karatA hai| yadi mAnava kAnUna ke dabAva ke bajAya svaviveka se hI apanI jIvanazailI ko sudhAre aura paryAvaraNa ke prati mAtRvat vyavahAra kare, to paryAvaraNa kI samasyAoM kA sahaja samAdhAna prApta ho sakatA hai| vastutaH, dharatI meM apAra zakti hai, kyoMki vaha pRthvI ke samasta prANiyoM ke jIvana kI pUrti kara sakatI hai, bazarte hama sAtvika jIvana jainadarzanAnusAra jiiyeN| vartamAnakAlIna paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM evaM unake mUla kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karane ke pazcAt Age jaina-siddhAntoM evaM jainaAcAroM ke AdhAra para samAdhAnaparaka carcA kI jA rahI hai| ===== ====== 445 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #532
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM paryAvaraNa prabandhana 8.5.1 paryAvaraNa-prabandhana : eka paricaya yadyapi paryAvaraNa prAkRtika niyamoM se saMcAlita hone vAlI eka santulita, samanvita evaM sthAyI vyavasthA hai, phira bhI mAnavIya kriyAoM se yaha asantulita , asamanvita evaM asthira hotI jA rahI hai| ataH paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kI Aja nitAnta AvazyakatA hai, jo mAnava aura prakRti ke bIca ucita sAmaMjasya sthApita kara ske| cU~ki mAnava-jIvana apane paryAvaraNa para Azrita hai aura paryAvaraNa mAnavIya-kriyAoM kA pariNAma hai, ataH paryAvaraNa kI surakSA meM mAnava ko hI apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna dene kI AvazyakatA hai| isase hI mAnava paryAvaraNIya saMkaToM evaM duHkhoM se mukta ho sakatA hai| isa AdhAra para merI dRSTi meM, mAnava kI amAnavIya kriyAoM ko niyantrita karane kI vaha prakriyA, jisase paryAvaraNa kA samucita saMrakSaNa kiyA jA sake, paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kahalAtI paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA lakSya hai - saMsAdhanoM kA buddhimattApUrNa upayoga karanA aura isIlie merI dRSTi meM, hameM nimna binduoM ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM lAne kI AvazyakatA hai - * prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM ke dohana para niyantraNa (sNym)| saMsAdhanoM kA alpAtialpa apvyy| saMsAdhanoM ke anAvazyaka upabhoga-paribhoga para niyntrnn| * apaziSTa padArthoM kA ucita pratiSThApana (prihaar/visrjn)| paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM kaI gambhIra vicAraNAe~ prArambha ho cukI haiN| vizva-stara para yaha cetanA jAgrata ho rahI hai ki paryAvaraNa ko pradUSaNa mukta karane ke prayAsa avilamba prArambha hone caahie| hAlA~ki paryAvaraNa viSaya kA itihAsa bahuta purAnA nahIM hai, phira bhI alpasamaya meM isakI cintA bahuta bar3ha cukI hai, jo isa samasyA kI vyApakatA evaM gambhIratA kA sIdhA pramANa hai| antarrASTrIya stara para vibhinna dezoM ke bIca pArasparika sandhiyoM para hastAkSara hote rahe haiM aura vibhinna sammelanoM kA Ayojana hotA AyA hai| paryAvaraNa surakSA ke lie AndolanoM kI zuruAta vibhinna klaboM dvArA 60 aura 70 ke dazaka meM kI gii| inameM 'klaba oNpha roma' evaM 'sahArA klaba' ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| antarrASTrIya stara para prathama prayAsa san 1972 meM sTaoNkahoma sammelana meM kiyA gyaa| sammelana meM 'hamArI ekamAtra pRthvI' kA nArA diyA gayA tathA pratyeka rASTra ko uttaradAyitva dete hue ekIkRta dRSTikoNa apanAne tathA pradUSaNa rokane ke upAyoM para carcA kI gii| isake uparAnta jvalanta samasyAoM ke bar3hane ke sAtha-sAtha inake prati cintAe~ bhI bar3hatI gaI aura sammelanoM kI zrRMkhalA Arambha ho gaI, jinameM se kucha haiM - banAkoDavara (1976), nairobI (1977), ToraMTo (1988), riyo Di jenaro 22 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 446 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #533
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (1992) meM hue smmeln|83 yahA~ yaha svIkAranA Avazyaka hogA ki anekAneka sandhiyoM, kAnUnoM, adhiniyamoM Adi ke banane para bhI manuSya kA hRdaya-parivartana na hone se vAMchita jana-jAgarukatA paidA nahIM ho rahI hai, jisase samasyA kI vikarAlatA dinoMdina bar3hatI jA rahI hai| ataH Avazyaka hogA ki hama jainaAcArazAstroM kA anuzIlana kreN| inake saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika pakSoM ko kramazaH jIvana-dRSTi evaM jIvana-vyavahAra meM lAe~, jisase paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA sapanA sacamuca sAkAra ho ske| jainadharma evaM isameM varNita jIvanazailI para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki isameM prAkRtika paryAvaraNa ke saMrakSaNa para atyadhika dhyAna diyA gayA hai| yaha kahanA hogA ki yadi paryAvaraNa vinAza ko rokanA hai, to jaina siddhAntoM kA anukaraNa hameM karanA hI hogaa| 8.5.2 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa loka meM yaha kahAvata prasiddha hai - jaisI dRSTi, vaisI sRsstti| hama jaisA vicAra karate haiM, kAlAntara meM vaisA hI bana jAte haiN| paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM hama isa kathana kI upekSA nahIM kara skte| paryAvaraNa kI bhayAvaha samasyAoM ke samyak niyojana se pUrva hameM apane dRSTikoNa ko sakArAtmaka banAne kI AvazyakatA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA ke nimnalikhita siddhAntoM ko svIkArane se hamArI vicAradhArA meM nizcita rUpa se eka sakArAtmaka parivartana A sakatA hai, jisakA kAlAntara meM anupAlana kara hama paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM se mukti pA sakate haiN| (1) paryAvaraNa-prabandhana sambandhI uddezya banAnA yadyapi paryAvaraNIya vipadA eka vaizvika samasyA hai, phira bhI isakA samAdhAna vaiyaktika sudhAra para hI nirbhara karatA hai| jainAcAryoM kA abhimata spaSTa hai ki 'nija para zAsana, phira anuzAsana' kA siddhAnta hI sudhAra lA sakatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM nakArAtmaka socane vAle logoM para kaTAkSa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo apane para anuzAsana nahIM rakha sakatA, vaha bhalA dUsaroM para anuzAsana kaise kara sakatA hai? ataH hameM uddezya banAnA cAhie ki paryAvaraNa-prabandhana mere jIvana-prabandhana kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai, jo samAja, sarakAra aura vizva kA nahIM, balki svayaM merA uttaradAyitva hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, hameM 'Think globally, Act locally' (soca bhUmaNDIya, kriyA sthAnIya) kA maMtra apanAnA hogaa|85 yadyapi hama pUre vizva kA paryAvaraNa nahIM sudhAra sakate, phira bhI hama apane AsapAsa ke paryAvaraNa kA buddhimattApUrNa prayoga karane ke lie pUrNa svatantra haiN| hameM cAhie ki vyaktigata taura para apane-apane kriyAkalApoM ko niyojita kareM, jisase prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kA niyaMtrita dohana ho, saMsAdhanoM kA apavyaya alpatama ho, saMsAdhanoM ke anAvazyaka upabhoga para niyantraNa ho evaM apaziSTa padArthoM kA ucita pratiSThApana (niHsaraNa) ho| isIlie jainaAcAramImAMsA meM nirdiSTa ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, vrata Adi 22 447 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #534
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcAroM kA anupAlana karanA hamArA anivArya karttavya hai, kyoMki inase hI hama apanI kriyAoM kA samyak samAyojana kara paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lakSya kI pUrti kara skeNge| yadyapi hameM apanI sthUla dRSTi se laga sakatA hai ki 'isase mujhe kyA milegA, maiM zrama karU~gA evaM lAbhAnvita to hoMge anya' ityAdi, phira bhI yaha dRSTikoNa samyak nahIM hai| jainAcAryoM ne apanI painI dRSTi se isa taraha paryAvaraNopayogI AcAroM kA vidhAna kiyA hai ki unakA pAlana karane se aneka taraha ke jIvanopayogI lAbha eka sAtha hI prApta ho jAte haiN| jise hama kevala paryAvaraNa ke lie hitakara mAnate haiM, parokSa rUpa se vahI Atmahita kA mArga hai| Azaya yaha hai ki hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya, parigraha Adi pApoM kA parityAga na kevala paryAvaraNa ko santulita karatA hai, apitu Atma-zAnti evaM Atma-kalyANa kA bhI kAraNa hai, jo sabhI ke lie vAMchanIya hai| jainAcAryoM ne ina hiMsAdi pApoM ko viSa kI upamA dete hue kahA hai - jaise jIvitArthI ke lie viSa hitakara nahIM hotA, vaise hI kalyANArthI ke lie pApa hitakara nahIM hotaa|86 itanA hI nahIM, paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie nirdiSTa jainaAcAra siddhAntoM ke anupAlana se hameM anya kaI lAbha svayameva anubhUta hoMge, jaise - svAsthya lAbha - pradUSaNa evaM atibhoga para roka lagAne se| Arthika lAbha - alpasaMcaya, alpavyaya evaM mitavyayitA se| puNya lAbha - hiMsA Adi asatpravRttiyoM meM kamI karane se| samaya lAbha - anAvazyaka kAryoM para niyantraNa karane se| bhAvAtmaka lAbha - maitrI, karuNA, saralatA, sahRdayatA Adi sAtvika bhAva bar3hane se| pratikUlatA meM jIne ke abhyAsa kI abhivRddhi kA laabh| bhAvI pIr3hI ke lie prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kA samucita saMcaya evaM sNrkssnn| AtmakalyANa ke prayatnoM ke lie bAhya nivRtti rUpa avasara kI prApti ityaadi| yaha niSkarSa hai ki jainAcAryoM ne AtmAnuzAsana ke mAdhyama se paryAvaraNahita, Arthikahita, svAsthyahita, Atmahita Adi kA aisA susamanvayana kiyA hai ki yaha jana-jana ke lie grAhya hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA bhI hai - 'he mAnava! tU svayaM ko anuzAsita kara, tU samasta duHkhoM se mukta ho jaaegaa| ataH paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kI prakriyA ko vyartha mAnane ke bajAya jIvana kA vaisA hI mahattvapUrNa pakSa mAnanA cAhie, jaisA hama zArIrika, bauddhika, zaikSika, Arthika, pArivArika evaM sAmAjika pakSoM ko mAnate haiM, kyoMki isameM hamArA hita nihita hai| 24 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 448 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #535
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ - (2) ahiMsA evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA sahasambandha jainaAcAramImAMsA meM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai - ahiNsaa| sabhI adhyAtmavAdI dharma-darzanoM ne 'ahiMsA' ko sarvazreSTha mAnA hai| prAyaH satya, acaurya, brahmacarya , aparigraha Adi sadguNoM kA samAveza bhI ahiMsA ke vyApaka artha meM ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA ko vividha vizeSaNoM se svIkAranA bhI isakI zreSThatA kA mAnadaNDa hai, jaise - ahiMsA paramo dharma:90 mahAbhArata ahiMsA paramaM dAnam padmapurANa ahiMsA paramaM tapaH92 yogavaziSTa ahiMsA tIrtham ucyate dAnacandrikA dhammamahiMsA samaM natthi - bhaktaparijJA dharmasya mUlaM dayA prazamarati jainadarzana meM ahiMsA kI jo atigahana, atisUkSma evaM ativistRta vivecanA huI hai, vaha anupama, advitIya, anuttara evaM atulanIya hai| yaha vivecanA paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa ke lie atyanta upakArI hai, kyoMki ahiMsA ke patha para calakara hI paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lakSya kI prApti sambhava hai| jainAcAryoM ne hiMsA ke sandarbha meM spaSTa kahA hai ki prANavadha caNDa hai, raudra hai, kSudra hai, anArya hai, karuNArahita hai, krUra hai aura mahAbhayaMkara hai| vartamAna yuga meM hiMsA ke ye sabhI rUpa hamAre samakSa haiM, jinakA duSpariNAma hai - paryAvaraNIya asantulana aura asthiratA kI lagAtAra ho rahI abhivRddhi| itanA hI nahIM, jainAcAryoM ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki hiMsA ke kaTuphala ko bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hai| Aja hama anubhava bhI kara rahe haiM ki mAnavakRta paryAvaraNIya asantulana evaM asthiratA mAnava ke hI astitva ke lie khatarA bana gaI hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to hama svayaM hI apane pA~voM para kulhAr3I mAra rahe haiN| jainAcAryoM ne isakA samAdhAna bhI diyA hai| vaha hai ahiMsA, jo vyaktivizeSa kA nahIM, apitu samasta prANiyoM kA kuzala karane vAlI hai| 98 paryAvaraNIya pralaya ke bhaya se pIr3ita prANiyoM ke lie ahiMsA hI sarvottama auSadhi hai| jJAnArNava meM paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai - 'ahiMsaiva jaganmAtA'hiMsaivAnandapaddhatiH' arthAt ahiMsA hI jagata-mAtA hai aura ahiMsA hI Ananda kA mArga hai|99 Azaya spaSTa hai ki ahiMsA hI vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke lie zaraNabhUta hai, kyoMki isase unakI azAnti aura duHkhoM kA nivAraNa hotA hai tathA Ananda kI prApti hotI hai| yaha ahiMsA hI mAnava aura usake paryAvaraNa ke madhya ucita santulana, sthiratA evaM sAmaMjasya kI jJApaka hai| sAra rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki hiMsAtmaka aura ahiMsAtmaka jIvanazailI se hama aura hamArA paryAvaraNa pratyakSa prabhAvita hotA hai| jahA~ hiMsAtmaka jIvanazailI se paryAvaraNa meM mAnavIya hastakSepa bar3ha 449 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 25 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #536
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jAtA hai, jo paryAvaraNa ko asantulita karatA hai, vahIM ahiMsAtmaka jIvanazailI se paryAvaraNa meM mAnava kI avAMchita cher3achAr3a ghaTatI jAtI hai, jisase paryAvaraNa kA svAbhAvika saundarya (vyavasthA ) prakaTa hotA hai aura yahI paryAvaraNa - prabandhana kA lakSya hai| saMkSepa meM kaha sakate haiM ki ahiMsA aura paryAvaraNa-prabandhana meM kAraNa-kArya sambandha hai / kahA bhI gayA hai 'etaM khu nANiNo sAraM jaM na hiMsati kiMcaNaM' arthAt jJAnI ke jJAna kA sAra yahI hai ki vaha kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kare / 100 (3) SaTkAyika jIvoM kI jayaNA evaM paryAvaraNa- prabandhana prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya dharma-darzanoM ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki ahiMsA kisI jAti, vyakti, varga, deza, kAla Adi se baMdhI huI nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha sArvabhaumika hai| 101 AcArAMga meM bhI kahA gayA hai| 'esa dhamme suddhe nicce sAsae' arthAt ahiMsA dharma zAzvat hai / 102 ahiMsA ke sambandha meM ekamatatA hone bAvajUda bhI ahiMsaka vyavahAra ke sandarbha meM sabameM samAnatA nahIM hai| jaina - paramparA meM ahiMsA ke jisa sUkSma svarUpa kA nirUpaNa huA hai, vaha anyatra dekhane meM nahIM aataa| isakA eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa hai - SaTkAyika jIvoM kI vicAradhArA, jo paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke lie atyanta upayukta hai| - 103 104 jainadarzana meM jIvana kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati evaM trasa meM jIvana kA astitva hai / isakI puSTi hameM uttarAdhyayanasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra Adi aneka AgamoM meM milatI hai|' eka ora jainAcArya yaha mAnate haiM ki SaDjIvanikAya ke Azrita jIne vAle anekAneka prANI hote haiM, ataH ina pRthvI Adi kA durupayoga yA vinAza karane se unakA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai, to dUsarI ora ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki ye pRthvI Adi svayaM bhI jIvana ke hI vividha rUpa haiM / ataH inakI hiMsA yA atidohana bhI jIvana kA hI vinAza hai| yaha avadhAraNA bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke kAla meM bhI vidyamAna thI / ' 105 kahanA hogA ki hamAre cAroM ora vyApta saMsAdhanoM meM jIvana - sattA vidyamAna hai, jaise mRdA, pASANa, parvata, saritA, sarovara, osa, barpha, phUla, pattI, vRkSa, ghAsa, gaiseM, aMgAra, vidyut Adi / saMkSepa meM kaheM, to jIvana sarvavyApI hai / 26 106 isa sarvavyApI jIvana kI dRSTi ke kAraNa se hI jaina - paramparA meM ahiMsA kI vyApakatA evaM gahanatA adhika hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM sAdhaka ke lie nirdeza hai ki vaha sirpha manuSyoM kI hI nahIM, apitu SaDjIvanikAya meM se kisI bhI jIva kI kabhI bhI virAdhanA (hiMsA) na kare / ' itanA hI nahIM, AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki vaha mana, vacana evaM kAyA se na hiMsA kare, na hiMsA karAe evaM na hiMsA kA samarthana hI kre| 107 ahiMsA kI isa sUkSma vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para apane jIvana-yApana ke lie sAdhaka ko pRthvI, jala, agni, vanaspati evaM trasa meM se kisI bhI prakAra ke jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| yaha nirdeza paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa ke lie atyanta hitakara hai| jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva - For Personal & Private Use Only 450
Page #537
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina-paramparA meM ahiMsA kA yaha Adarza sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie pUrNa AcaraNIya hai, to gRhasthoM ke lie bhI yathAzakti AcaraNIya hai hii| ahiMsA kA yaha nirdeza paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie svataH upayogI hai, kyoMki isase hamAre prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM, jaise - pRthvI, jala, vAyu Adi kA dohana atyanta kama ho jAtA hai| yaha jainaAcAramImAMsA kI vizeSatA hai| (4) Atmaupamya-dRSTi kA vikAsa evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana yadyapi avasthA kI dRSTi se pratyeka prANI bhinna-bhinna hai, jisameM manuSya kI sarvazreSThatA nirapavAda hai, phira bhI manuSya kA saMsAra para ekAdhikAra jamAnA sarAsara anyAya hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki jIvanasattA kI dRSTi se manuSya meM aura anya kisI prANI meM lezamAtra bhI bheda nahIM hai, sabhI AtmAe~ samAna haiN|108 bhagavatIsUtra meM udAharaNasvarUpa kahA gayA hai - hAthI evaM kunthue meM koI antara nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM kA mUla svarUpa samAna hai| 109 AcArAMgasUtra meM vizva-bandhutva kI bhAvanA ko jagAte hue kahA gayA hai - 'Ayao bahiyA pAsa' arthAt 'he mAnava! tuma apane samAna hI sabako dekho'| 110 vastutaH yaha dRSTi paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie anivArya hai, kyoMki isase hI antaHkaraNa kI nirdayatA evaM nirlajjatA ke sthAna para sahRdayatA, saMvedanazIlatA evaM samatA kI bhAvanA kA abhyudaya hotA hai. ise hI 'Atmaupamya dRSTi' kahate haiN| Atmaupamya kA artha hai - saMsAra meM samasta prANiyoM meM Atmavat buddhi kA honaa| 111 ___ AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka jIva ko sukha priya aura duHkha apriya hai| ataH kisI ko bhI duHkha nahIM denA cAhie, kyoMki yaha duHkha usakI azAnti aura mahAbhaya kA kAraNa hai|112 AtmA ko jhaMkRta karate hue kahA ki 're prANI! jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU zAsita karanA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU paritApa denA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai|113 Azaya yaha hai ki sAmAnyatayA jina pRthvI, jala, havA Adi ko tuccha vastu mAnakara hama unakA zoSaNa evaM apavyaya karate rahate haiM, ve usI taraha duHkhI aura pIr3ita hote haiM, jaise hm| kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki yadi hama cIMTI para pA~va rakhate haiM, to use vaisI hI anubhUti hogI, jaise hamAre Upara hAthI pA~va rakhatA ho| sUtrakAra ke bhAva spaSTa haiM ki manuSya jaisA apane sambandha meM socatA hai, vaisA hI use dUsaroM ke sambandha meM socanA cAhie, kyoMki svarUpataH vizva kI samasta AtmAe~ samAna haiN|114 isa samAnatA ko jAnakara vaha hiMsA se dUra rhe| Atmaupamya dRSTikoNa se yukta sAdhaka ke sandarbha meM yaha socA jA sakatA hai ki jitanA-jitanA vaha hiMsAmukta hotA jAegA, utanA-utanA paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa svayameva hotA jAegA aura yahI jainaAcAramImAMsA kI vizeSatA hai| 451 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 27 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #538
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (5) vaicArika ahiMsA evaM paryAvaraNa - prabandhana sAmAnyatayA kisI ko satAnA, pIr3A denA yA mAranA hiMsA kahalAtA hai, parantu jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki pA~ca indriyoM ke viSayoM kI Asakti, cAra kaSAya, cAra vikathA, nidrA evaM sneha ina pandraha pramAdoM ke vazIbhUta hokara kisI ko satAnA, pIr3A denA yA mAranA hiMsA hai| 115 isI AdhAra para hiMsA ke do bheda kie gae haiN| dravya aura bhAva / anya jIvoM kI hiMsA karanA dravyahiMsA hai, jabaki - 116 aMtaraMga meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi manovRttiyoM se svayaM kA nAza karanA, bhAvahiMsA hotI hai| yahA~ yaha vizeSatA hai ki dravyahiMsA bAhya paryAvaraNa ko pradUSita karatI hai, to bhAvahiMsA aMtaraMga paryAvaraNa yA vaicArika paryAvaraNa ko / donoM hiMsAoM meM bhAvahiMsA kI mahattA adhika hai, kyoMki jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa kahA hai ki bhAvahiMsA ke binA dravyahiMsA bhI hiMsA nahIM hai, kintu bhAvahiMsA ke sadbhAva meM dravyahiMsA na hote hue bhI satata hiMsA hotI rahatI hai| isa AdhAra para yaha samajhA jA sakatA hai ki Aja vizva meM utpanna ho rahI paryAvaraNIya cintAoM kA mUla kAraNa vyakti kA vaicArika paryAvaraNa hI hai| jainAcAryoM kA nirdeza hai ki vaicArika paryAvaraNa kI svacchatA hI bAhya paryAvaraNa kI surakSA ke lie anivArya evaM aparihArya pahalU hai / eka vyakti ne nIma ke per3a kA pattA tor3A, cakhA, kar3avA lgaa| usane nIma kA phUla tor3A, cakhA, kar3avA lgaa| isI prakAra usane DAlI tor3I, vaha bhI kar3avI / Akhira usane usa vRkSa kI jar3a cakhI, vaha bhI kar3avI / usakI samajha meM A gayA ki jisakA mUla hI kar3avA hai, usakI zAkhA, prazAkhA, phala, phUla, patte Adi kar3ave hoM to kyA Azcarya? 117 yaha dRSTAnta Aja kI paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM ghaTita hotA hai| vizva paryAvaraNa divasa, jala-surakSA varSa, paryAvaraNIya goSThiyoM, antarrASTrIya sammelana Adi ko Ayojita kara pRthvI, jala, vAyu Adi saMsAdhanoM ko pradUSaNamukta rakhane ke upAya bhale hI kie jA rahe hoM, kintu ye tabhI saphala hoMge, jaba pradUSaNa ke lie jimmedAra vyakti ke lobhAdi aMtaraMga kAraNa samApta hoNge| 118 vizva meM cAroM ora vyApta hiMsA, AtaMkavAda, berojagArI, bhraSTAcAra, vyabhicAra, sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA, asahiSNutA, har3atAla, Andolana, tor3aphor3a ke dRzyoM, Dhahate hue AdarzoM, girate hue naitika mUlyoM evaM miTatI huI maryAdAoM kA mUla kAraNa mAnava kI dUSita vicAradhArAe~ yA bhAvanAe~ hI haiN| AcArAMgasUtra meM bArambAra kahA gayA hai| 'AturA paritAventi' arthAt jo viSayAtura hotA hai, vahI dUsaroM ko paritapta karatA ' Azaya yaha hai ki vikSipta manovRtti vAlA vyakti hI hiMsAtmaka pravRtti karake paryAvaraNa asantulana utpanna karatA hai| 119 mAnava-mana meM hiMsA-ahiMsA, priyatA - apriyatA, rAga-dveSa, kSamA-krodha, vinaya - ahaMkAra, nirlobhatA - lubdhatA, karuNA- krUratA, samatva - mamatva, sahiSNutA - asahiSNutA Adi pratipakSI bhAva rahate haiN| inameM se jaba hama dUsaroM ke prati sahayoga, saralatA - kapaTatA, anAgraha - durAgraha, jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 28 - For Personal & Private Use Only 452
Page #539
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paropakAra, dayA, karuNA, sahiSNutA, santoSa Adi zubhabhAvoM ke sAtha jIte haiM, to paryAvaraNa svastha hone lagatA hai, jabaki IrSyA, dveSa , kleza, kalaha, krodha Adi azubhabhAva hone para paryAvaraNa meM udvega utpanna ho jAtA hai| 120 jainAcAryoM kA mUla uddezya mAnava ko mAnasika (vaicArika) pradUSaNa se dUra karanA hI hai| AdhyAtmika evaM manovaijJAnika zailiyoM se unhoMne bhAvAtmaka vikAsa kI zikSAe~ dI haiM evaM prAyogika dRSTi se mArgAnusArI ke paiMtIsa guNa, aNuvrata, pratimA, mahAvrata Adi ke nirdeza bhI die haiN| ye paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kI dRSTi se nitAnta Avazyaka haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA sAra yahI hai ki hamAre vicAroM meM anekAnta ho, vANI meM syAdvAdatA ho aura AcAra meM ahiMsA ho| isase hI hamArA aMtaraMga aura bAhya paryAvaraNa santulita ho skegaa| yaha bhI jainaAcAramImAMsA kI vizeSatA hai| (6) vidhi-niSedha rUpa ahiMsA evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana121 paryAvaraNa ke samyak vikAsa ke lie jainaAcAramImAMsA meM ahiMsA ke do pakSoM kI carcA milatI hai - vidheyAtmaka evaM nissedhaatmk| satkAryoM meM pravRtti honA vidheyAtmaka (pravRttyAtmaka) ahiMsA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA yaha nirdeza - 'merI prANimAtra se maitrI ho' vidhi rUpa ahiMsA kI hI preraNA detA hai|122 isI prakAra asatkAryoM se nivRtti ko niSedhAtmaka (nivRttyAtmaka) ahiMsA kahate haiN| AvazyakasUtra kA yaha nirdeza - 'merA kisI se vaira na ho' niSedha rUpa ahiMsA kA bodhaka hai|123 yadyapi ye donoM pakSa paraspara virodhI pratIta hote haiM, phira bhI paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie donoM kI mahattA samAna hai| jainadarzana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki yahA~ ahiMsA na to sarvathA niSedhaparaka hai aura na sarvathA vidhiprk| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, vidhi evaM niSedha to eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiM, jinakA samanvaya jIva evaM jagat donoM ke lie atyAvazyaka hai| yadi hama eka ora vRkSAropaNa kareM aura dUsarI ora vanoM kI andhAdhuMdha kaTAI kareM, eka ora bImAriyoM kI rokathAma kA upAya kareM aura dUsarI ora asvAsthyaprada pradUSaNakArI apaziSTa padArthoM ko pravAhita karane para roka na lagAe~, eka ora dhUmrotpAdaka udyogoM ko bar3hAvA deM evaM dUsarI ora vizva-tApavRddhi ko rokane kA prayAsa kareM tathA eka ora pazu (go) vadha kA niSedha kareM evaM dUsarI ora katlakhAne (Slaughter House) kholane kI anumati pradAna kareM, to kahA~ taka ucita hogaa| vastutaH, hamArA prayAsa asaphala hogaa| Aja yahI ghaTanAe~ ghaTa rahI haiN| eka ora hama vikAsa ke zikhara kI ora bar3hane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiM, to dUsarI ora vinAza ke garta meM gira rahe haiN| ise hI Adhunika paryAvaraNavid asthira vikAsa (Nonsustainable Development) kahate haiN|12 paryAvaraNa ke sthira vikAsa (Sustainable Development) ke lie hameM vidhi evaM niSedha rUpa 453 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 29 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #540
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mRdA ahiMsA ko samAna dRSTi se svIkAranA hI hogaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa kahA hai - 'hameM satkAryoM meM pravRtta aura asatkAryoM se nivRtta honA caahie| 125 AcArAMga Adi meM bhI sarvatra ina donoM pakSoM kA nirdezana kiyA gayA hai| 'prANimAtra ko Atmatulya samajhanA126 aura kisI ko pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAnA'-127 ye do nirdeza ahiMsA ke donoM pakSoM kI samanvayAtmaka prastuti karate haiM, jo paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie atyanta upayukta haiN| (7) paraspara sahayoga kI bhAvanA evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana128 paryAvaraNa ke vividha ghaTakoM ke bIca jo antaHkriyAe~ (Interactions) hotI rahatI haiM, usase pAristhitikI-tantra (Ecosystem) kI racanA hotI hai| 129 jaba taka yaha tantra santulita rahatA hai, taba taka mAnava surakSita rahatA hai, lekina isake asantulita hone para mAnava kA astitva khatare meM A jAtA hai| Aja yahI asantulana ghaTita ho rahA hai| citra meM jainadRSTi se pAristhitikI-tantra kA nidarzana kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka anubhUta satya hai ki hamArA jIvana pAristhitikI-tantra para Azrita hai aura pAristhitikI tantra hamArI kriyAoM kA hI pariNAma hai| saMkSipta meM kaheM, to donoM eka-dUsare se prabhAvita haiN| janma se mRtyu taka hamAre jIvana kI pratyeka AvazyakatA, jaise - AhAra, pAnI, vastra, AvAsa, vAhana, auSadhi, upakaraNa Adi pAristhitikI tantra se hI pUrI hotI hai| ataH isa tantra kA hama para atulanIya upakAra jala agni vAyu vanaspati trasa hai| isa satya ko samajhane kI jIvana-dRSTiyA~ bhinna-bhinna rahI haiN| eka dRSTikoNa ne vinAza se vikAsa kA mArga cunA, to dUsarA dRSTikoNa jainAcAryoM kA rahA, jinhoMne sahayoga se vikAsa kA mArga cunaa| paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie sahI dRSTikoNa kA cayana anivArya hai, anyathA saphalatA nahIM mila sktii| pahalA dRSTikoNa yaha rahA ki jaba eka kA jIvana dUsare para Azrita hai, to hameM yaha adhikAra hai ki hama dUsare prANiyoM kA vinAza karake bhI apanA astitva bacAe rkheN| pazcima meM 'astitva ke lie saMgharSa' (Struggle for the Existence/Survival) evaM pUrva meM 'jIvo jIvasya bhojanam' ke siddhAnta isI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa astitva meM aae| inakI jIvana-dRSTi hiMsaka hone se inhoMne vinAza se vikAsa kA mArga cunaa| Aja pUrva se pazcima taka sarvatra isI dRSTikoNa kA bolabAlA hai, mAnava ke astitva kI surakSA evaM jIvana-vikAsa ke lie jIvana ke dUsare rUpoM kA vinAza ho rahA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa pRthvI, jala evaM havA meM pradUSaNa hI nahIM, apitu vanaspati evaM anya prANiyoM kI asaMkhya prajAtiyoM kA vilopa bhI ho rahA hai| kintu, aba vijJAna bhI svIkAra rahA hai ki jIvana ke vividha rUpoM 30 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 454 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #541
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kA nAza karake hama mAnava kA astitva bhI nahIM bacA skte| isa sandarbha meM dUsarI jIvana-dRSTi jainAcAryoM kI rhii| AcArya umAsvAti ne eka sUtra diyA - 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' arthAt eka jIvana dUsare jIvanoM ke sahayoga para AdhArita hai| 130 inhoMne jIvana kI surakSA evaM vikAsa ke lie vinAza ke bajAya paraspara sahayoga ko mukhyatA dii| eka-dUsare ke pArasparika sahakAra yA sahayoga para jIvana-yAtrA calatI hai| ataH jIvana ke dUsare rUpoM ke sahayogI banakara hI hama apanA jIvana jI sakate haiN| jaise hameM jIvana jIne ke lie anna, phala, prANavAyu Adi kI AvazyakatA hai, vaise hI vanaspati ko jIvana jIne ke lie jala, vAyu, khAda Adi kI AvazyakatA hai| vanaspati se prApta anna, phala, prANavAyu, chAyA Adi se hamArA jIvana calatA hai, to hamAre dvArA pradatta kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa, mala-mUtra Adi se vanaspati kA jIvana calatA hai| ataH hama jIvana calAne ke lie vanaspati kA sahayoga le to sakate haiM, kintu vanaspati kA vinAza nahIM kara skte| sAra rUpa meM, hama jIvana jIne ke lie dUsaroM kA sahayoga le sakate haiM, lekina unake vinAza kA hameM koI adhikAra nahIM hai, kyoMki unake vinAza meM hamArA vinAza chipA huA hai| bhaktaparijJA meM isa sandarbha meM spaSTa kahA hai - 'jIvavaho appavaho, jIvadayA appaNo dayA hoi' arthAt kisI bhI jIva kA vinAza karanA apanA hI vinAza hai aura anya jIvoM para dayA karanA apanI hI dayA hai| jo jIvana ke astitva kA AdhAra hai, usakA vinAza karake hama kaise jI sakeMge? ataH 'ucita sahayoga denA aura ucita sahayoga lenA' yahI pAristhitikI tantra kA Adarza rUpa hai| isa prakAra, yaha sahayogamUlaka ahiMsAtmaka jIvana-dRSTi jainAcAryoM ke gahana cintana kA eka udAharaNa hai evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie patha-pradarzaka hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to 'eka sabake lie aura saba eka ke lie' (One for all & All for one) hI jainadarzana kA mUlamaMtra hai, jisa para mAnava evaM usake paryAvaraNa kA saha-astitva TikA huA hai| (8) mAdhukarI vRtti evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana132 jainadharmadarzana meM ahiMsA kA eka Adarza svarUpa varNita hai| kintu, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi me ahiMsA korI kalpanA nahIM hai, balki pUrNatayA vyavahArya hai| AcArAMga meM sAdhaka ko spaSTa kahA gayA hai - prANiyoM ko na mAranA cAhie, na una para anucita zAsana karanA cAhie, na unheM gulAmoM kI taraha parAdhIna karanA cAhie, na unheM paritApa denA cAhie aura na unake prati kisI prakAra kA upadrava karanA caahie| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai - "jisa prakAra mujhe duHkha priya nahIM hai, usI prakAra sabako duHkha priya nahIM hai', jo aisA jAnakara na svayaM hiMsA kare aura na kisI se hiMsA karavAe, vaha yogI hI saccA 'zramaNa' hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to trasa evaM sthAvara sabhI jIvoM kI hiMsA na karanA hI 'ahiMsA' kA pUrNapAlana hai| adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 455 31 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #542
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kyA ahiMsA kA pUrNa pAlana sambhava hai? isa zaMkA ke samAdhAna ko muni kI mAdhukarI vRtti ke rupa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie bhI Adarza hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM muni kI nirdoSa AhAra-caryA (upalakSaNa se AvAsa, vastra Adi samasta caryA) kA citraNa pUrNa ahiMsA kA digdarzana hai| jaise madhukara (bha~varA) avadhajIvI hai arthAt jIvana-nirvAha ke lie kisI kA hanana, upamardana Adi nahIM karatA, usI prakAra muni bhI AhAra-prApti ke lie hiMsAtmaka pravRtti nahIM kre|135 * jaise madhukara puSpoM ko mlAna nahIM karate hue thor3A-thor3A rasa grahaNa karatA hai, vaise hI muni bhI gRhastha ke ghara se svAbhAvika rUpa se nirmita nirdoSa AhAra alpamAtrA meM grahaNa kre|130 jaise madhukara udarapUrti ke lie Avazyaka rasa grahaNa karatA hai, vaise hI muni bhI saMyama ke nirvAha ke lie Avazyaka AhAra le, svAdavaza adhika AhAra na le|137 jaise madhukara thor3A-thor3A rasa pItA hai, jisase phUla mlAna nahIM hote, vaise hI muni bhI aneka gharoM se thor3I-thor3I bhikSA le, jisase gRhastha para bhAra na Ave / 138 jaise madhukara eka vRkSa yA phUla se nahIM, kintu aneka vRkSoM yA phUloM se rasa grahaNa karatA hai, vaise hI muni eka vyakti, ghara yA gA~va para Azrita na hokara bhikSA grahaNa kre|139 isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainaAcAramImAMsA ke anusAra jIne vAle mahAvratI sAdhaka sirpha saiddhAntika stara para hI nahIM, prAyogika stara para bhI ahiMsA kA paripAlana karate haiN| yaha jIvanazailI mAnava evaM paryAvaraNa ke paraspara sahakAra kA Adarza rUpa hai| isa jIvanazailI kA anukaraNa mAnavamAtra ke dvArA honA caahie| bhale hI gRhastha varga isakA pUrNa pAlana na kara sake, phira bhI jainaAcAra meM nirdiSTa mArgAnusArI guNa, aNuvrata, pratimA Adi ko grahaNa kara vaha isa Adarza kA yathAzakti anukaraNa to kara hI sakatA hai| isase vaha na kevala Atmahita sAdha sakatA hai, apitu paryAvaraNa-prabandhana meM apanA sakArAtmaka yogadAna bhI de sakatA hai| (9) hiMsA ke duSpariNAma evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kI preraNA 40 jainAcAryoM ne pRthvI, jala, havA Adi ke atidohana evaM pradUSaNa ke duSpariNAmoM ke prati bArambAra sAvadhAna kiyA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai - 'AraMbhajaM dukkhaM' arthAt hiMsA Adi asatpravRttiyA~ duHkha kA kAraNa haiN|141 Aja hama bhale hI Arthika vikAsa, bhautika aizvarya, suvidhAprada sampannatA, vyasana, mauja-zaukaparaka vilAsitA, phaizanaparaka saMskRti, pradarzanaparaka sabhyatA ke mohapAza meM ulajhate jA rahe hoM, kintu isase paryAvaraNIya hrAsa bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai| jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM uparyukta lakSyoM kI pUrti ke lie hama jo hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya, 32 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 456 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #543
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ parigraha Adi asatpravRttiyoM ko bar3hAte jA raheM haiM, yaha pragati kataI nahIM hai| zubhacandrAcArya kahate haiM - 'hiMsA eva durgateH dvAram' arthAt hiMsA hI durgati kA dvAra hai|42 AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai - yaha hiMsA karma-bandhana rUpa hai, moha arthAt bhramarUpa hai, mRtyurUpa hai aura narakarUpa hai|143 yogazAstrakAra ke anusAra, 'jo karuNArahita hokara jIvoM kI hiMsA kiyA karate haiM, ve marakara atyanta duHkha dene vAlI durgati meM jAte haiN|144 AcArAMga meM durgati meM bhaTakane se bacane ke lie hameM spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki 'he jIva! pApakarma (asatkarma) na svayaM karo, na anyoM se kraao|145 isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jIva karmoM kA bandhana karane meM to svatantra hai, parantu unakA phala bhogane ke lie parAdhIna hai| yaha vaisA hI hai, jaise koI purUSa svecchA se vRkSa para car3ha to jAtA hai, kintu pramAdavaza nIce girate samaya paravaza ho jAtA hai|146 jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, 'bure karmoM kA phala burA evaM acche karmoM kA phala acchA hotA hai| 147 ataH hameM hiMsA, asaMyama Adi asatpravRttiyoM se nivRtta honA cAhie evaM ahiMsA, saMyama Adi satpravRttiyoM meM pravRtta honA caahie| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to hameM AzA (icchA) evaM svacchandatA kA tyAga karanA caahie| vastutaH, AzA kA tyAga hamAre aMtaraMga paryAvaraNa kA evaM svacchandatA kA tyAga hamAre bAhya paryAvaraNa kA samyak niyojana kregaa| (10) Atma-svAtantrya evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana'48 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yaha upadeza diyA hai ki pratyeka prANI svatantra hai| vaha kisI IzvarIya (yA anya kisI) zakti kA aMza yA adhInastha nahIM hai evaM vaha apane hita-ahita ke lie svayaM samartha hai| yaha Atma-svAtantrya kA siddhAnta paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie hamAre uttaradAyitva ko nirdhArita (spaSTa) karatA hai|149 Aja paryAvaraNa kI samasyA aniyantrita hotI jA rahI hai| kyA isakA niyantA Izvara hai? jainadarzana ke anusAra, Izvara na jagat kA sRjanakartA hai, na pAlanakartA hai aura na hI saMhArakartA hai| yadi hama IzvarakartRtvavAda ko svIkAreM, to paryAvaraNa-prabandhana meM mAnavIya yogadAna kI hI upekSA ho jAtI hai| isase paryAvaraNa-prabandhana arthahIna bana jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Atma-svAtantrya evaM purUSArthavAda ko pratipAdita kara paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke prayAsoM kI sArthakatA siddha kI hai| AtmasvAtantrya kI svIkRtipUrvaka uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - 'AtmA hI apanA mitra aura zatru donoM hai, supathagAmI AtmA mitra hai aura kupathagAmI AtmA zatru hai|' Azaya yaha hai ki apane utthAna evaM patana ke lie hama svayaM uttaradAyI haiN|150 AcArAMga meM Atma-paurUSa ko jagAte hue kahA gayA hai - 'he purUSa! tU svayaM hI apanA mitra hai, phira tU bAhara mitra kahA~ DhU~DhatA hai' arthAt kyoM para kI apekSA karatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba tuma svayaM zaktisampanna ho, to parAzrita jIvana kyoM jIte 457 adhyAya 8 : payAvaraNa-prabandhana 33 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #544
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ho?151 ina uddharaNoM se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki apane paryAvaraNa kA buddhimattApUrNa prayoga karane ke lie bhI hama svayaM jimmedAra haiN| isI kAraNa se dazavaikAlika meM upadeza diyA gayA hai ki sajagatApUrvaka (jayaNApUrvaka) calanA, khar3A honA, baiThanA, sonA, AhAra karanA evaM bolanA cAhie, jisase pApa-karma kA bandhana na ho arthAt saMsAdhanoM kA zoSaNa evaM durupayoga na ho| isa carcA se hameM yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki hama apane saMyama-asaMyama, hiMsA-ahiMsA, parigraha-aparigraha, svacchandatA-paratantratA, pramAda-apramAda, komalatA-krUratA, dayA-nirdayatA, svArtha-niHsvArthatA, sadAcAritA-durAcAritA Adi pratipakSI bhAvayugaloM meM se mAnavocita bhAvoM ko apanAe~, jisase paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kI ora Age bar3ha skeN| ====== ===== 34 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 458 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #545
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa jainaAcAramImAMsA meM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana se sambandhita na kevala saiddhAntika (grahaNAtmaka), balki prAyogika (AsevanAtmaka) zikSAe~ bhI dI gaI haiN| jahA~ saiddhAntika zikSAoM ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA, Atmaupamya, sahakAramUlaka Adi jIvana-dRSTiyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai, vahIM prAyogika zikSAoM ke dvArA samyak jIvana-vyavahAra kA nirmANa hotA hai| pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati evaM trasa - ina SaTjIvanikAyoM ke sAtha hamArA samyak vyavahAra hI paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lakSyoM kI prApti meM sahAyabhUta ho sakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM jainaAcAragranthoM, jaise - AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, jIvAjIvAbhigama, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika Adi meM spaSTa nirdeza die gae haiM, jinakA paripAlana karanA mAnava evaM usake paryAvaraNa ke lie atyanta hitakara hai| Age, pRthvI Adi SaTjIvanikAyoM ke prabandhana ke prAyogika tattvoM ke viSaya meM kramazaH carcA kI jA rahI hai| 8.6.1 bhUmi-saMrakSaNa _bhUmi kA mahattva apratima hai, kyoMki yaha jala, vAyu, vanaspati , trasa Adi prANIya jIvana ke aneka rUpoM kI Azraya pradAtrI hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA meM isake saMrakSaNa ke lie aneka nirdeza die gae haiM, jo paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie lAbhaprada hai| bhUmi meM vidyamAna jIvana ke astitva ko siddha karake bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhUmi ke bhautika ke sAtha jaivika mahattva ko bhI prakaTa kiyaa| dazavaikAlika grantha meM bhUmi meM vidyamAna jIvana-sattA ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai - 'puDhavI cittamaMtamakkhAyA aNegajIvA puDho sattA annattha sattha pariNaeNaM',153 to dUsarI jagaha yaha bhI kahA gayA hai - 'puDhavIkAyaM vihiMsato, hiMsaI u tyssie| tase ya vivihe pANe, cakkhuse ya acakkhuse154 - ina donoM sUtroM se jainAcAryoM kI bhUmi-paryAvaraNa sambandhI saMvedanazIla-dRSTi spaSTa hotI hai ki pRthvI (bhUmi) na kevala svayaM sajIva hai aura pRthak-pRthak astitva vAle asaMkhya jIvoM se yukta hai, balki isake Azrita bhI dRzyamAna-adRzyamAna vividha trasa evaM sthAvara jIva jIte haiN| yadi koI pRthvI yA bhUmi ke jIvoM (pRthvIkAyika jIvoM) kI hiMsA arthAt bhUmi kA dohana-zoSaNa Adi karatA hai, to vaha usake Azrita jIne vAle asaMkhyAta jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai| ataH pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie|155 jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko isIlie nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki ve mana-vaca-tana se pRthvI, bhitti (darAra), zilA, Dhele Adi kA bhedana-kuredana na kareM, na karAe~ aura na hI aise kAryoM kA samarthana kreN| 156 yaha bhUmi-saMrakSaNa ke lie Adarza-jIvana kA svarUpa hai| yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki pRthvI ke Azrita jIne vAle adRzyamAna (iMdriya-agocara) jIvoM ke sandarbha meM kahI gaI bAteM Aja vaijJAnika yantroM se bhI siddha ho rahI haiN| vizvavikhyAta vaijJAnika 459 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 35 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #546
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jUliyasa haksale ke anusAra, 'pensila kI noMka se jitanI miTTI uTha sakatI hai, usameM do araba se bhI adhika kITANu (jIva) hote haiN|157 yaha vaijJAnika kathana na kevala jainaAcAramImAMsA kI prAmANikatA ko siddha karatA hai, apitu pRthvI ke jIvoM ke prati AtmIya dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA ko pratipAdita bhI karatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, jIvAjIvAbhigama meM pRthvI para Azrita jIvoM ke bAre meM nahIM, balki svayaM pRthvI ke jIvoM ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki ve jaghanya-utkRSTa rUpa (nyUnatama-adhikatama rupa) se aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga parimANa vAle hote haiN| kahA jA sakatA hai ki sUI kI noMka barAbara pRthvI ke bhAga meM asaMkhya jIva hote haiN|158 ataH manuSyoM ko cAhie ki ve inakI adhikAdhika rakSA arthAt inakA saMrakSaNa kre| jainadarzana meM to kahA bhI gayA hai ki dAna meM sarvazreSTha hai - abhydaan|159 isa prakAra jaina-darzana meM pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI rakSA kA nirdeza diyA jAnA bhUmi-saMrakSaNa ke lie atyanta hitakara hai| jIvadayA ke uddezya se AcArAMga meM pRthvIkAyika niraparAdhI jIvoM ke prati Atmatulya dRSTikoNa pUrvaka unakI nRzaMsa hiMsA kA marmasparzI citraNa kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki yadi koI vyakti janma se andhA, bahirA, lUlA, laMgar3A tathA hIna avayava vAlA ho aura koI dUsarA vyakti bhAle Adi ke dvArA usake pA~va, Takhane, piNDalI, ghuTane, jaMghA, kamara, nAbhi, peTa, pasalI, pITha, chAtI, hRdaya, stana, kandhA, bhujA, hAtha, aMguli , nakha, gardana, dAr3hI, hoMTha, dA~ta, jIbha, tAlu, gAla, kAna, nAka, A~kha, bhauMhe, lalATa, mastaka ityAdi avayavoM kA chedana-bhedana kare, to use vedanA to hotI hai, kintu vaha vyakta nahIM kara sakatA, vaisI hI vedanA pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ko bhI hotI hai|160 yadi hara vyakti itanI AtmIyatA evaM karuNApUrvaka cintana kare to bhUmi-saMrakSaNa svataH ho jAe, yahI jainaAcAramImAMsA kI viziSTatA hai| paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA jIvana Aja isa kaliyuga meM bhI eka Adarza hai| isakA eka udAharaNa hai - inakI bhUmi-saMrakSaNa sambandhI caryA / dazavaikAlika meM kahA gayA hai - 'muni ko sajIva pRthvI para nahIM baiThanA cAhie' arthAt muni ko sajIva bhUmi para to baiThanA hI nahIM cAhie evaM nirjIva bhUmi para bhI Asana ke binA nahIM baiThanA caahie|161 yahA~ bhI tattva chipA hai| yadi muni isa nirdeza kI upekSA karatA hai, to usakI daihika uSmA se pRthvI meM vidyamAna jIvoM kI hiMsA ho jAegI evaM apratyakSa rUpa se isakA prabhAva pAristhitikIya tantra para aaegaa| hama kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki jainAcAryoM kI bhUmi-saMrakSaNa ke prati kitanI adhika jAgarukatA rahI hai| isI prakAra, vartamAna meM jahA~ duniyA meM loga kUr3A-karakaTa, dhUla, sabjI ke polIthina, chilake, botaleM Adi apaziSTa jahA~-tahA~ pheMka dete haiM, vahIM jainaAcAramImAMsA meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie mala-mUtra kA visarjana bhI nirjIva bhUmi para samyak pratilekhana karane ke pazcAt hI karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isase bhI bhUmi-pradUSaNa se bacAva hotA hai| 36 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 460 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #547
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainAcAryoM ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki mahAvratI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko hAtha, pA~va, kASTha, bA~sa kI khapaccI Adi ke dvArA sAmAnya kriyAoM, jaise - kuredanA, khodanA, citrita karanA, rekhA karanA, hilAnA, calAnA, bhedanA, tor3anA, vidAraNA, do-tIna bhAga karanA Adi ke dvArA pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| isase samajhA jA sakatA hai ki jaba sAdhAraNa kAryoM ke lie hI niSedha hai, to vizeSa kAryoM kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| yaha bhUmi-saMrakSaNa kA sarvazreSTha udAharaNa hai|'62 aisA nahIM hai ki jainaAcAramImAMsA meM sirpha sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie hI bhUmi-saMrakSaNa ke yogya kartavyoM kA vidhAna hai| gRhastha upAsakoM ke lie bhI kahA gayA hai ki ve bhI vanakarma, aMgArakarma evaM sphoTakakarma ke dvArA pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA na kre| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki viSaya-kaSAyAdi se pIr3ita, viveka zUnya evaM sukha ke lie Atura vyakti pRthvI ke jIvoM ko aneka taraha se pIr3ita karate haiN| 163 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM spaSTa nirdeza die gae haiM ki gRhastha ko bhI kRSi karma ko chor3akara aMzataH to apanI ina hiMsaka kriyAoM ko maryAdita karanA hI caahie| yaha bhUmi-saMrakSaNa ke lie upayogI nirdeza hai| vartamAna meM parvatoM ko aniyantrita rUpa se DhahAyA jA rahA hai| pahAr3I kSetroM ko samatala kiyA jA rahA hai| bhaviSya kI ora dRSTipAta kie binA pRthvI kA khanana kiyA jA rahA hai| khanija sampadA ko adhika prApta karane kI cAha meM prAkRtika santulana bigar3a rahA hai|164 isakA samAdhAna hameM jainAcAra meM milatA hai, jahA~ gRhastha ke lie bhUmisphoTaka karma niSiddha hai arthAt aisA vyavasAya jisameM zastra yA visphoTaka dravyoM Adi ke dvArA khadAna khodane, patthara phor3ane, tAlAba-kue~ khodane, zilAoM ko tor3ane Adi kI aniyantrita kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, use anucita evaM tyAjya mAnA gayA hai|165 Aja suvidhAvAdI saMskRti ko atyadhika bar3hAvA mila rahA hai| vyakti adhika se adhika suvidhAmaya jIvana jInA cAhatA hai| isI kAraNa, vaha pharnIcara, bartana, upakaraNa, vAhana Adi kA aniyaMtrita saMgraha kara rahA hai| ina sAmagriyoM ko jainadarzana meM dravya-parigraha kahA jAtA hai, jabaki inake prati hone vAlA mamatva yA moha bhAva , bhAva-parigraha kahalAtA hai|166 inameM se adhikAMza sAmagriyA~ lakar3I, lohA, sTIla, plAsTika, phoma, rabara, rasAyana, sImenTa, retI, bAlU, saMgamaramara Adi se nirmita hotI haiN| inake adhika upayoga karane kA artha hai - inake utpAdana evaM dohana ko adhika protsAhana denaa| isI kAraNa, jainaAcAra meM parigraha ko parimita karane hetu gRhastha ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isase hama pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke saMrakSaNa arthAt bhUmi saMsAdhanoM ke saMrakSaNa meM apanA vyaktigata yogadAna de sakate haiN| isI prakAra jainAcAra meM gRhastha ko pRthvIkAya sambandhI arthahIna kriyAoM ko hI karane evaM nirarthaka kriyAoM ko tyAgane kA nirdeza bhI diyA gayA hai, jo 'anarthadaNDatyAga vrata' ke antargata AtA hai|167 461 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #548
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yadyapi sAdhu tathA gRhastha donoM ko pRthvI kA upayoga karanA hotA hai, phira bhI pramAdavaza pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA hone para ye hiMsA kI AlocanA karate haiM, una niraparAdha jIvoM se kSamAyAcanA karate haiM evaM bhaviSya meM unakI hiMsA nahIM karane kA saMkalpa bhI karate haiN| AlocanA pATha kI nimna paMktiyA~ udAharaNasvarUpa haiM168 - pRthvI pANI teu vAyu vnspti| e pAMce thAvara kahyAM e||1|| karI karasaNa Arambha kSetra je khedd'iiyaa| kuvA talAba khaNAvIyA e||2|| ghara Arambha aneka, TAMkA * bhoyraa| meDI mAla caNAvIA e||3|| lIpaNa gumpaNa kAja, eNI pare pare pre| pRthvIkAya virAdhiyA e||4|| AlocanA pATha meM Azaya yaha hai ki gRhastha jIvana meM gharelu evaM vyAvasAyika aneka kArya aise hote haiM, jinameM pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA arthAt bhUmi-saMsAdhanoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isase bhUmi pradUSaNa bhI bar3hatA hai| phira bhI, apane jIvana-rakSaNa hetu unheM karanA par3atA hai, ataH aise samasta kAryoM kI AlocanA karanA hI uparyukta paMktiyoM kA bhAva hai| nIce eka sUcI dI jA rahI hai, jisakA aMzataH athavA pUrNataH pAlana karake gRhastha bhI na kevala pRthvIkAyika jIvoM se sambandhita arthahIna asatkarmoM se baca sakate haiM, balki paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lakSya ko bhI sAdha sakate haiM - 1) AvazyakatA se adhika bhavana nirmANa nahIM kreN| 2) AvazyakatA se adhika kue~, bAvar3I, TyUbavela Adi nahIM khudvaaeN| 3) apaziSTa padArthoM ko pUrA-pUrA upayoga karake evaM nirjIva bhUmi kA samyak pratilekhana karake hI pheNkeN| 4) snAnaghara meM prayojya sAmagriyoM, jaise - sAbuna, DiTarjeNTa, danta-maMjana, vaoNziMga pAuDara, zempU Adi kI yathAzakya maryAdA bnaaeN| 5) zaucAlaya meM prayukta phinAila, TaoNyaleTa klInara kI apekSA bekiMga pAuDara Adi kA upayoga kreN| 6) zArIrika sAmagriyoM, jaise - sintheTika vastra, AbhUSaNa, jUte-cappala Adi kI maryAdA kreN| 7) zRMgAra prasAdhana, jaise - pAuDara, krIma, lipisTika, phAuNDezana, ruja pAuDara, phesa pAuDara, maskarA, AI lAinara, zeviMga sopa, zeviMga krIma, AphTara zeva, DIoDrenTa (Deodorant), baoNDIspre, heyara DAI, heyara jela, heyara spre, heyara rimuvara, baoNDI lozana, nelapaoNliza, lipa 38 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 462 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #549
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ lAinara, lipa bAma Adi kI maryAdA kareM athavA tyAga kreN| 8) dainika AvazyakatA kI sAmagriyoM ko sImita kareM, jaise ghar3I, pena, pensila, mobAIla, Tebala, kursI, pharnIcara, paoNlIthina Adi / 9) vAhanoM kI saMkhyA evaM prakAra ko maryAdita kreN| 10) bhUmisphoTakakarma, jaise khadAna (Mine ), kue~ - tAlAba, haiNDa pampa Adi (Borewell etc), sar3aka nirmANa, nahara-nirmANa, pula nirmANa, bhavana-nirmANa ( Building Construction) Adi atyAvazyaka hone para hI karanA anyathA unakA tyAga kareM / 11) audyogika evaM vyAvasAyika apaziSTa padArthoM kA adhikatama prayoga karake nirjIva sthAna para DAleM / 12) viSaile padArthoM ko nirjIva bhUmi para miTTI ke bhItara DAleM, jisase inakA prabhAva dUsare jIvoM para na pdd'e| koyalA, - 13 ) jaina AcAra ke anusAra, saura kiraNeM acitta hotI haiM, ataH anya saMsAdhanoM, jaise ghAsaleTa, peTrola, DIjala, vidyuta kI tulanA meM saura UrjA ko prAthamikatA deN| 14) gharelu upakaraNoM, jaise bartana, kraoNkarI, phrija, alamArI, paMkhA, miksara, bleMDara, kukara, vaoNziMga mazIna, mAikroveva ovana, roTI mekara, rosTara, vekyuma klInara, moTara pampa, kampyUTara, prinTara, skainara, phoTo kaoNpIyara, vaoNTara pyurIphAyara, vaoNTara gIjara Adi kI saMkhyA evaM prakAra ko sImita kreN| - 15) makAna Adi ke malabe ko niravadya bhUmi para DAleM / 16) andhavizvAsoM se prerita hokara pUrvanirmita bhavanoM meM anAvazyaka tor3a-phor3a na karAe~ / 17) andhavizvAsoM se prerita hokara vighna TAlane evaM lAbha prApti hetu aneka prakAra kI mAlA, aMgUThI Adi nahIM phneN| 18) bhavana Adi ke raMga-rogana AvazyakatA hone para hI karAe~ / 8.6.2 jala - saMrakSaNa - jala prakRti kA anamola upahAra hai, kintu Aja jala kA bhayaMkara apavyaya aura aniyantrita pradUSaNa ho rahA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA meM aise aneka nirdeza upalabdha haiM, jinase jala ko pradUSaNa se mukta rakhA jA sake evaM usakA sImita upayoga kiyA jA ske| 169 jainAcAryoM ne na kevala jala ke Azrita vividha trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM (dRzya aura adRzya donoM) ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA, apitu svayaM jala kI eka bUnda meM asaMkhyAta jalakAyika jIvoM kI sattA ko bhI udghATita kiyA / isakA varNana hameM prAcIna jaina AgamoM, jaise AcArAMga, jIvAjIvAbhigama, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika 170 Adi meM spaSTa rUpa se milatA hai / prasiddha vaijJAnika kaipTana skavesivI ne eka bU~da jala meM yantra ke dvArA 36,450 jIva ginAe~ haiM, jo jainAcAryoM kI isa 463 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 39 For Personal & Private Use Only -
Page #550
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAnyatA ko siddha karatA hai ki jala ke Azrita aneka adRzya (iMdriya-agocara) trasa jIva maujUda hote haiN|11 jainAcAryoM ne isa prakAra jala ko sirpha bhautika hI nahIM, apitu jaivika mahattva bhI diyaa| isI AdhAra para unhoMne manuSyoM ko ina jala ke jIvoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTikoNa apanAne evaM inakI hiMsA arthAt inakA pradUSaNa evaM apavyaya rokane kI samyak preraNA dI hai| Aja suvidhAvAdI dRSTikoNa ke pravAha meM eka vyakti pratidina lagabhaga 500 lITara jala kA durupayoga kara rahA hai, jabaki vaha cAhe to 15-20 lITara meM bhI apanI dainika AvazyakatA kI pUrti kara sakatA hai| jaina-paramparA meM Aja bhI sAdhu-sAdhvI pratidina 6-8 lITara jala se hI AnandapUrvaka jIvana-yApana kara lete haiN|172 isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI ko spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki ve jalakAyika jIvoM kI mana-vacana-kAyA se na svayaM hiMsA kareM, na hiMsA karAe~ aura na hI hiMsA kA anumodana kreN| AcArAMga meM to spaSTa kahA hai ki pIne ke lie athavA snAnAdi zarIra zuddhi ke lie bhI jalakAyika jIvoM kI adhika hiMsA karanA ucita nahIM hai| 173 jaina-paramparA meM to muni ke lie sajIva jala ke prayoga kA hI niSedha hai| jaina muni kevala ubalA huA garma pAnI (taptaprAsuka jala) athavA anya kisI sAdhana se nirjIva huA jala hI grahaNa kara sakatA hai| pUrva meM kisI kArya meM prayoga karane ke pazcAt bace apaziSTa jala ko zuddha kara vaha prayoga kara sakatA hai arthAt sAmAnya upayoga ke lie vaha aisA nirjIva jala bhI le sakatA hai, jisakA upayoga gRhastha kara cukA hai aura use bekAra mAna kara pheMka rahA hai| 175 jaina-paramparA meM sirpha sAdhu-sAdhvI ke lie hI nahIM, apitu gRhasthoM ke lie bhI jalakAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA arthAt jala kA durupayoga na karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| jainaAcAraparamparA meM jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI aksara pAnI kA pradUSaNa rokane ke lie gRhasthoM ko niyama dete haiM, jaise - nadI, kue~ Adi meM snAna na kareM, snAna meM AdhI bAlTI se adhika pAnI kA upayoga na kareM ityaadi|76 jaina-paramparA meM AvazyakatA se adhika jala ke upabhoga ko anarthadaNDa kriyAoM meM sammilita kara unheM anucita evaM tyAjya kahA gayA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM upabhoga-paribhoga yogya ikkIsa vastuoM (zrAvaka-pratikramaNasUtra meM 26 vastuoM) kI maryAdA nizcita karane ke lie kahA gayA hai, inameM se nimnalikhita maryAdAe~ jala ke apavyaya evaM pradUSaNa ko rokatI haiM - snAna vidhi - isameM snAna ke lie pAnI kI maryAdA nizcita kI jAtI hai| 178 udvartana vidhi - isameM zarIra para lagAI jAne vAlI ubaTana (sAbuna Adi) kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai, isase parokSa rUpa se pAnI kA apavyaya kama ho jAtA hai| pAnIya vidhi - isameM pIne ke pAnI kI maryAdA kI gaI hai, isase jUThA pAnI pheMkane yA chor3ane para niyantraNa ho jAtA hai| 180 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 464 40 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #551
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tAmbUla vidhi - isameM mukha-zuddhi ke lie pAna Adi kI maryAdA kI gaI hai, isase bAra-bAra kullA karane kI AvazyakatA kama ho jAtI haiN|181 vilepana vidhi - isameM snAna ke pazcAt zarIra para candana Adi se lepa karane vAlI vastuoM kI maryAdA kI gaI hai, isase punaH snAna karate samaya adhika pAnI kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii|182 vAhana vidhi - jina para savAra hokara bhramaNa, saira athavA pravAsa kiyA jAtA hai, aise vAhanoM kI maryAdA kI gaI hai| isameM jalIya jahAja, nAva Adi kA parimANa karane se jala-pradUSaNa evaM jalIya jIvoM, jaise - matsya Adi ko bhayabhIta karane se athavA inakI hiMsA karane se bacA jA sakatA hai| 183 isake atirikta jainaAcAramImAMsA meM 'sarohRdataDAga zoSaNa' (sarovara Adi sukhAne) sambandhI vyavasAya ko niSiddha mAnA gayA hai|184 upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki gRhastha ko tAlAba, jhIla, sarovara, nadI Adi jalAzayoM ko sukhAne kA vyavasAya nahIM karanA caahie|185 isa prakAra, uparyukta uddharaNa isa bAta ko dyotita karate haiM ki jalakAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA arthAt pAnI kA durupayoga na karane ke prati jainAcAryoM kI gaharI saMvedanA rahI hai| yaha atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki yadi Aja ke pariprekSya meM jainAcAra kA AMzika paripAlana bhI kiyA jAe, to duniyA meM pratidina lAkhoM-karor3oM gailana pAnI kA durupayoga rokA jA sakatA hai| isI sandarbha meM udAharaNasvarUpa nimna sUcI prastuta kI jA rahI hai, jisakA anukaraNa kara hama jala-saMrakSaNa ke kSetra meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna de sakate haiM - 1) nala kholakara danta-maMjana karane meM adhika jala (lagabhaga 20-25 lITara) Dholane ke bajAya zuddha chane jala se bhare glAsa yA loTe kA upayoga kreN| 2) snAna hetu bAtha Taba kA prayoga karane meM adhika jala kA apavyaya karane ke bajAya choTI bAlTI evaM choTe maga kA prayoga kara adhikatama 5-7 lITara jala se snAna kreN| 3) snAna meM zempu, sAbuna Adi udvartanoM kI maryAdA kreN| eka mAha meM 3-4 bAra se adhika zempu, sAbuna Adi kA prayoga na kreN| 4) zaucAlaya meM phlaeNza TeMka kA upayoga karane ke bajAya choTI bAlTI yA choTA sisTarna kA prayoga kreN| 5) nala kholakara zeva karane ke bajAya maga meM pAnI lekara zeva kreN| 6) nala kholakara bartana mA~jane ke bajAya bAlTI, Taba Adi kA upayoga kreN| 7) nala kholakara kapar3e dhone ke bajAya bAlTI, Taba Adi kA upayoga kreN| 8) bhojana, nAzte ke pazcAt thAlI, kaTorI, glAsa Adi ko dhokara pI leM, jisase na kevala apaziSTa padArthoM se utpanna hone vAlA pradUSaNa rukegA, apitu bartana mA~jane meM alpa jala kI hI adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 465 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #552
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AvazyakatA pdd'egii| Aja bhI yaha paramparA jainAcAra meM pracalita hai| 9) jala pIne ke lie bArambAra badala-badala kara glAsa kA upayoga karane ke bajAya ghara kA pratyeka sadasya apanI-apanI niyata glAsa kA prayoga kre| 10) jala ke risAva ko rokeM, kyoMki prati saikaNDa nala se TapakatI jala-bUMda se eka dina meM karIba ____ 17 lITara jala kA apavyaya hotA hai| 11) pAnI kI TaMkI meM pAnI pUrNa bharane se pUrva moTara-pampa banda kareM (Stop overflow of water) / 12) vAhana dhote samaya nyUnatama pAnI kA prayoga kreN| isa hetu nalI ke mu~ha para banda-cAlU karane kI ___ suvidhA honI Avazyaka hai| 13) bagIce meM kRtrima phavvAroM (Artificial fountains) kA prayoga na kreN| 14) kUlara kA prayoga na karane kA prayatna kreN| 15) pAnI kA punarUpayoga adhikAdhika karane kA prayAsa kareM, jaise - kapar3e, bartana yA anya sAmagrI dhone ke bAda bace hue jala ko nithArakara usase A~gana kI saphAI karanA, pochA lagAnA, gAr3I dhonA, chir3akAva karanA aadi| 16) holI na kheleN| 17) anAvazyaka raMga-rogana , sApha-saphAI na kreN| 18) zarIra para vilepana sAmagriyA~ (zRMgAra prasAdhanoM) kA prayoga TAlane kA prayatna kreN| isase na kevala carma-rogoM se mukti milegI, balki snAna karate hue pAnI kA pradUSaNa bhI nahIM bar3hegA evaM sAbuna kA upayoga bhI kama ho skegaa| yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki ye rAsAyanika padArtha camar3I para vikRta prabhAva bhI DAlate haiN| 19) kue~, TaMkI, bAlTI Adi khule na chodd'eN| 20) nadI, tAlAba, jalAzaya Adi meM apaziSTa padArtha, jaise - kUr3A-karkaTa, paoNlithIna Adi na ddaaleN| 21) nadI, tAlAba, jalAzaya Adi ke kinAre baiThakara usameM miTTI ke Dhele, vRkSa kI TahanI, kaMkar3a Adi na pheNkeN| 22) barphIle paryaTana kSetroM meM ghUmane-phirane para pradUSaNa na phailaaeN| 23) sAmudrika jahAjoM kA anAvazyaka prayoga na kreN| 24) nadI, tAlAba Adi meM manoraMjanArtha boTiMga na kreN| 25) matsya Adi jalacara prANiyoM kA vyApAra na kreN| isase na kevala jaiva-vividhatA ko saMrakSaNa milegA, apitu jala meM anAvazyaka pradUSaNa bhI nahIM phailegaa| 26) svImiMga pUla, vaoNTara-pArka Adi meM jAkara nahAne se zArIrika mala-mUtra, pasIne Adi se anAvazyaka rUpa se jala-pradUSita hotA hai, ataH inakA upayoga na kreN| 27) audyogika yA gharelu apaziSToM meM kaI jaharIle rAsAyanika padArtha hote haiM, ataH inheM jalAzaya 42 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 466 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #553
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Adi meM pravAhita na kreN| 28) kRSi meM utanA hI siMcana kareM, jitanI phasala ko AvazyakatA hai| 29) sarovara Adi sukhAne kA vyApAra na kreN| 30) kRSi meM rAsAyanika khAdoM ke prayoga ko TAlane kA prayatna kareM, jisase jala ko pradUSita hone se rokA jA ske| 31) bagIcA yA laoNna ke siMcana meM atyadhika jala kA upayoga hotA hai| isake bajAe naisargika rUpa se ugI huI vanaspati ke saMrakSaNa ko prAthamikatA deN| 32) yadi bagIcA lagAnA hI ho, to pAnI kA apavyaya kama se kama ho, isa hetu prayatna kreN| 33) apane evaM AsapAsa ke gharoM ke apaziSTa jala ko zuddha karake bhI usakA prayoga bagIce meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| 34) udyogoM kI cimaniyoM ko U~cA banAe~, jisase vAyumaNDala meM vidyamAna jalIya-kaNa pradUSita na ho| 35) nala se bAlTI meM pAnI bharate hue idhara-udhara nahIM jAe~ evaM lAparavAhI bhI nahIM barate, jisase pAnI dulane se baca skeN| 36) barasAta ke pAnI kA bhI adhikAdhika sadupayoga kreN| 8.6.3 agni-saMrakSaNa yadyapi prAcInakAla meM Aja kI tulanA meM agni-prayoga atyadhika kama hotA thA, phira bhI jainAcAryoM ne agni-srotoM ke saMrakSaNa para vizeSa jora diyA hai| yaha paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie mahattvapUrNa bAta hai| jainAcAryoM ne agni meM bhI jaivika-sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai, sAtha hI yaha mAnA hai ki avyavasthita evaM asAvadhAnI se kiyA gayA agni prayoga anya jIvoM kI hiMsA kA bhI kAraNa hotA hai| isIlie dazavaikAlikasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki agni sajIva hotI hai, jisameM pRthaka-pRthak astitva vAle aneka jIva hote haiN|186 ataH jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM, agni ke jIvoM kI hiMsA arthAt agni kA durupayoga nahIM karanA caahie|187 AcArAMga meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki agni-prayoga karane para kevala agni ke jIvoM kI hI hiMsA nahIM hotI, balki jamIna, ghAsa, patte, kASTha, gobara evaM kacare ke Azrita jIne vAle aneka trasa jIva tathA pataMgoM ke samAna aneka sampAtima jIva bhI agni meM gira par3ate haiN| agni meM girane para inake zarIra jala jAte haiM aura antataH ye mRtyu ko prApta ho jAte haiN| isa taraha agni ko prajvalita karake agnikAyika jIvoM ke sAtha anya aneka prANiyoM kI bhI hiMsA hotI hai, isIlie jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM hameM agni kA niyantrita prayoga hI karanA caahie|' 467 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 43 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #554
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dazavaikAlika meM agni ko 'havvavAho' kahA gayA hai, kyoMki yaha aisA zastra hai, jo eka ora jIvita prANiyoM kA vadha karatA hai, to dUsarI ora ajIva saMsAdhanoM kA vinAza bhI karatA hai|189 dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha paryAvaraNa ke jaivika evaM ajaivika ghaTakoM ko vinaSTa karake paryAvaraNIya santulana ko bahuta tejI se bhaMga karatA hai| ataH agni kA sImita prayoga paryAvaraNa santulana ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai| agni ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha saba zastroM meM se tIkSNatama hai| 190 agni kI yaha bhayAvahatA hI usake prayoga meM sAvadhAna rahane kA nirdeza detI hai| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki agni saba ora se durAzraya hai arthAt ise apane Azrita karanA duSkara hai, kyoMki yaha pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, urdhva, adho evaM vidizAoM meM phailate hue jIva-ajIva sabako jalAtI hai|191 ataH isake prayoga se prAyaH pRthvI, jala, vAyu, vanaspati evaM anya samasta prANI duSprabhAvita hote haiN| jaina-paramparA meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki ve prakAza aura tApa donoM ke lie agni kA prayoga na kreN|192 yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki cUMki agni anya jIvoM ke vadha kA kAraNa bhI hai, isIlie aMgAra karma ko durgativardhaka jAnakara ve jIvana-paryanta hI agni ke mAdhyama se hone vAlI jIvahiMsA kA parityAga kreN| 193 AcArAMga meM to aura adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki buddhimAn sAdhaka svayaM agnikAya kA prayoga na kare, na karAe aura na karate hue kA samarthana hI kre| Aja bhI yaha paramparA jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM meM pracalita hai|194 punaH, gRhastha upAsakoM ko bhI agni kA anAvazyaka upayoga nahIM karane ke lie jainAcAra meM nirdeza die gae haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM koyalA banAnA, jaMgala meM Aga lagAnA Adi 'aMgAra karma' kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki isameM pratyakSa-parokSa rUpa se agnikAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA evaM paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa hotA hai|195 isI prakAra vanakarma arthAt vana-sambandhI vyavasAya, jaise - hare vRkSa kATakara lakar3iyA~ becanA yA koyalA banAkara becanA ityAdi bhI tyAjya batAe gae haiM, kyoMki isameM bhI agni kA pratyakSa-parokSa prayoga hotA hI hai|196 isI prakAra 'rasavANijya' arthAt madirA Adi vikRta rasa vAle dravyoM kA vyApAra bhI niSiddha hai| 197 'dAvAgnidApana' arthAt jaMgala, kheta Adi meM Aga lagAne kA karma bhI anucita batAyA gayA hai| 198 ina dhUmrotpAdaka karmoM kA niSedha karake hI agni kA prayoga sImita kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo paryAvaraNa ke jaivika evaM ajaivika padArthoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| jainAcAra meM anAvazyaka agni-dohana ko 'anarthadaNDa kriyA' mAnA jAtA hai, jo gRhasthoM ke lie bhI niSiddha batAyA gayA hai|199 sarvArthasiddhi Adi granthoM meM niSprayojana bhUmi khodanA, pAnI bahAnA, agni jalAnA, vanaspati kA chedana karanA Adi ko pramAdAcaraNa kahA gayA hai evaM ise anarthadaNDa kA hI eka prakAra mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra Aga lagAne vAle athavA visphoTaka astra-zastra Adi hiMsaka-sAdhanoM 44 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 468 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #555
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ko pradAna karanA bhI anarthadaNDa mAnA gayA hai | 200 AlocanA pATha kI nimna paMktiyoM meM agni ke vividha prayogoM ko duSkRta mAnA gayA hai| - bhAThIgara kuMbhAra, loha sovanagarA / bhADa bhuMjA lihAlAgarA e / / tApaNa zekaNa kAja, vastra nikhaarnn| raMgaNa dha rasavatI e / / eNI pare karmAdAna, pare pare vAu virAdhiyA kelavI / u e / / isa prakAra, jainAcAryoM ne agni ke prayoga kA sAdhu ke lie sarvathA niSedha karate hue zrAvaka ke lie Avazyaka hetuoM se prayoga karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| yaha paryAvaraNa ke samasta ghaTakoM, jaise - UrjA, bhUmi, jala, vAyu, vanaspati, trasa jIvoM Adi ke saMrakSaNa ke lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha bAta jainAcAryoM kI atigahana dRSTi kI paricAyaka hai| Age, varttamAna pariprekSya meM agni-saMrakSaNa ke lie upayogI aura jainAcAra se anumata eka saMkSipta sUcI dI jA rahI hai, jisake nirdezoM kA anupAlana sabhI ko karanA cAhie. vAhanoM ke prayoga ko prAthamikatA 1) vAhanoM kA maryAdita prayoga kareM evaM rAtri kI apekSA divasa deM / 2 ) anAvazyaka ghUmane-phirane, saira-sapATe Adi para niyantraNa rakheM / 3) sAmAnya dUrI taka jAne-Ane ke lie vAhanoM kA prayoga na kareM / 4) caurAhoM para signala kI pratIkSA karate samaya athavA rAste meM mitrAdi se bAtacIta Adi karate hue gAr3I kA iMjana cAlU na rkheN| 5) kuvyasana, jaise- sigareTa, bIr3I, sIsA, lAuMja, guTakhA Adi kA pUrNa tyAga kareM / 6) kuvyasana, jaise tyAga kreN| 7) saura UrjA, jo ki acitta hotI hai, usakA prayoga bhojana, pAnI, rozanI Adi ke lie kareM / sAtha hI, lakar3I, koyale, peTroliyama gaisa (LPG, CNG, PPG) Adi ke prayoga ko sImita kreN| isase bhojana kI pauSTikatA bhI adhika rhegii| 8) bhojana, nAztA Adi nirdhArita samaya para isa prakAra kareM ki bArambAra unheM garma nahIM karanA par3e / 9) divasa meM isa prakAra se bhojana, nAztA Adi kA samaya nirdhArita kareM ki rAtri arthAt sUryAsta ke pazcAt pakAne evaM AhAra karane kI koI kriyA na karanI pdd'e| 469 - -- 10) bhavana-nirmANa isa prakAra se kareM ki isameM prAkRtika prakAza evaM havA milatI rahe, jisase anAvazyaka bijalI kA prayoga nahIM karanA pdd'e| adhyAya 8: paryAvaraNa-prabandhana madyapAna Adi, jinake utpAdana meM agni kA prayoga hotA hai, unakA bhI pUrNa For Personal & Private Use Only 45
Page #556
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11) phrIja meM anAvazyaka vastuoM kA saMcaya na kareM, jisase bijalI kI khapata nyUnatama ho / 12) vidyuta upakaraNoM, jaise paMkhe, kUlara, TyUba, CFL balba Adi kA upayoga maryAdita rkheN| inakA anAvazyaka saMcaya evaM prayoga na kreN| 13) adhika se adhika prakRti ke anurUpa Dhalane kA prayAsa kreN| garmI, ThaNDa evaM barasAta meM kRtrima suvidhAoM kA upayoga kama se kama karane kA prayAsa kareM / 14) garmI meM paMkhe, kUlara, vAtAnukUlaka, phrIja Adi, zIta Rtu meM vAtAnukUlaka, hITara, gIjara Adi evaM sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI upakaraNoM, jaise - vaoNziMga mazIna, mAikroveva ovana, Ayarana, TyUba lAiTsa, phrIja, vekyUma klInara Adi kA prayoga kama se kama karane kA abhyAsa kreN| isase parAdhIna vRtti meM kamI aaegii| 15) AvazyakatA pUrNa hone para ina upakaraNoM ko tatkAla banda karanA na bhUleM / 16) eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAte hue pahale sthAna ke paMkhe Adi avazya banda kareM / 17 ) rAtri meM zayana ke pUrva anAvazyaka cala rahe lAiTsa, paMkhe Adi avazya banda kareM | 18) manoraMjana hetu athavA niSprayojana TI.vI., Tepa, reDiyo, kampyUTara, lepa-TaoNpa, vIDiyo gemsa Adi kA upayoga nahIM karane kA prayatna kareM / 19 ) maccharoM ko mArane athavA bhagAne ke lie dhue~, jeTa, oNla-AuTa Adi kA prayoga karane kI apekSA maccharadAnI kA prayoga kara leN| 20) janareTara, invarTara athavA yU.pI.esa. (UPS ) kA prayoga kisI viziSTa paristhiti meM hI kreN| 21 ) liphTa kA upayoga karane kI apekSA sIr3hI se car3heM / 22) paTAkhe kA prayoga kadApi na kareM / jJAtavya hai ki san 2008 ke dIpAvalI tyauhAra meM indaura jaise zahara meM anumAnataH 400 karor3a ru. ke paTAkhe phor3e gae, jo jIvana kI mUla AvazyakatAoM se pare haiN| 23) holI na jalAe~ / 24) rAvaNa dahana karane kI apekSA bhItara ke doSoM kA dahana kareM / 25) dIpAvalI parva meM kama se kama lAiTiMga kreN| 26) nae varSa ke Agamana meM rAtri meM Disko pArTiyA~ karane ke bajAya zubha saMkalpoM kA nirmANa kareM / 27) vivAha Adi ke kAryakrama rAtri ke bajAya dina meM Ayojita kreN| 28) prAyaH apaziSTa padArthoM, jaise kAgaja, lakar3I, rabara Adi ko jalAe~ nahIM, balki inakA yathAsambhava upayoga karake kisI jarUratamanda ko deM athavA ucita sthAna dekhakara ddaaleN| 29) dhUmrotpAdaka vyavasAyoM ko na kareM / 30) yadi karate hI haiM, to agni- dahana se prApta UrjA vyartha na ho, aisA prayAsa kareM, jaise cimanI kI U~cAI kama na ho, bhaTTI ke dvAra (Openings) se risAva (Leakage) na ho ityAdi / 46 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 470
Page #557
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.6.4 vAyu-saMrakSaNa ___ vAyu pradUSaNa rokane ke viSaya meM jainAcAryoM kA dRSTikoNa spaSTa hai| yadyapi prAcInakAla meM ve vividha sAdhana nahIM the, jo Aja vAyu pradUSaNa ke kAraNa bane haiM, phira bhI vAyu-saMrakSaNa ke viSaya meM jaina jIvanazailI kI prAsaMgikatA evaM anivAryatA Aja bhI jyoM kI tyoM banI huI hai| yaha paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa bAta hai| jainadarzana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM na kevala vAyu ke Azrita jIvana ke vividha rUpoM ko svIkArA gayA hai, apitu svayaM vAyu ko bhI jIvita mAnA gayA hai| 201 vAyu ke jIvoM kI avagAhanA (zarIra kI lambAI) ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki ye aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga parimANa hote haiM arthAt lagabhaga 1 ghana senTImITara vAyu meM asaMkhya jIva hote haiN|202 AcArAMgasUtra meM ina sUkSma jIvoM ke prati Atmatulya dRSTikoNa apanAne tathA hiMsAtmaka vyavahAra nahIM karane ke lie kahA gayA hai|203 kahA gayA hai ki 'jaise svayaM sukhAbhilASI hokara apanI rakSA karate ho, vaise hI dUsaroM arthAt vAyu ke jIvoM kI bhI kro|' vivekazIla vyakti kI yaha pahacAna hotI hai ki vaha zArIrika evaM mAnasika pIr3AoM kI anubhUti ko bhalIbhA~ti samajhatA hai, hiMsAtmaka kAryoM ko ahitakArI mAnatA hai, ataH vAyu ke jIvoM kI hiMsA arthAt vAyu-pradUSaNakArI kAryoM se svayaM ko nivRtta kara letA hai|204 socA jA sakatA hai ki yadi vAyu-pradUSaNa kI gambhIra samasyA se mukta honA hai, to hameM aise vivekazIla vyaktiyoM kA anukaraNa karanA Avazyaka hai| __ jaba hama vAyu kA pradUSaNa arthAt vAyukAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiM, taba vAyu ke Azrita jIne vAle macchara Adi aneka prANiyoM kI hiMsA sahaja hI ho jAtI hai| yaha vAyumaNDala ke pAristhitikI tantra (Ecosystem) ke lie bhI khatarA hai| jainAcAryoM ne ina jIvoM ke prati bhI gaharI saMvedanA vyakta kI hai| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai - vAyu ke sAtha kaI ur3ate hue prANI bhI hote haiM, jo vAyu ke sAtha ekatrita hote haiM evaM vAyu ke jIvoM kI hiMsA arthAt vAyu pradUSaNa ke kAraNa ve bhI pIr3A pAte haiM, mUrcchita hote haiM evaM mRtyu ko prApta hote haiN| ataH vAyu kA durupayoga nahIM karanA caahie|205 yaha ahiMsA AdhArita dRSTikoNa vAyu-saMrakSaNa ke lie. atyanta upayukta hai| isase vAyu-pradUSaNa se mukti evaM jaiva vividhatA kI rakSA hotI hai, sAtha hI paryAvaraNIya santulana bhI bhaMga nahIM hotA hai| isake uparAnta bhI yadi koI vAyu pradUSaNa karatA hai, to jainAcAryoM ne ise karmabandhana kA kAraNa mAnA hai| dazavaikAlika meM spaSTa kahA hai ki ise durgativardhaka jAnakara sAdhu-sAdhvI isa vAyu ke samArambha (hiMsA) kA AjIvana parityAga kre|206 vAyu-pradUSaNa ko agni ke samAna tIvra pApayukta kArya mAnakara ve paMkhe Adi se na havA kareM aura na anyoM se havA karAe~ / 207 AcArAMga meM spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki 'buddhimAn purUSa vAyukAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA ko anucita mAnakara na svayaM hiMsA kareM, na karAe~ aura na samarthana hI kre| yahA~ taka bhI kaha diyA gayA ki jo vAyukAya ke samArambha kA 471 adhyAya 8: paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 47 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #558
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ duSpariNAma jAnakara usakA pUrNatayA parityAga karatA hai, vahI viveka (parijJA) sampanna muni hai|208 Aja bhI jaina-paramparA meM yaha niyama pracalita hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI paMkhe, kUlara, vAtAnukUlita Adi yantroM kA, sugandhita sAmagriyoM kA evaM vAhanoM Adi kA upayoga nahIM krte| __sirpha sAdhu-sAdhvI hI nahIM, gRhasthoM ko bhI vAyu ke upayoga ko sImita karane kA hI nirdeza hai| jainAcAra meM una vyavasAyoM ke lie prAyaH niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jo dhUmrotpAdaka haiN| dhUmra kI adhika mAtrA na kevala phaladAra per3a-paudhoM ke lie, apitu anya prANiyoM evaM manuSyoM ke lie kisa prakAra hAnikAraka hai, yaha bAta vaijJAnika anusandhAnoM se siddha ho cukI hai| vAyu-pradUSaNa kA eka kAraNa phaloM Adi ko sar3Akara unase zarAba Adi mAdaka padArthoM ko banAne vAlA vyavasAya bhI hai, jisakA jaina gRhastha ke lie niSedha hai|209 upAsakadazAMga meM jina 21 vastuoM athavA zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra meM jina 26 vastuoM kI maryAdA karane kA gRhasthoM ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai, unameM se kaI aisI maryAdAe~ haiM, jo vAyupradUSaNa ko rokane meM sahAyaka haiM, jaise - dhUpavidhi arthAt agarabattI Adi dhUpanIya sAmagriyoM ke upayoga ko sImita karanA,210 vilepanavidhi arthAt zarIra para lepa karane vAle agara, candana, itra, seMTa Adi dravyoM kI sImA karanA, jo vAtAvaraNa meM kaNIya-pradUSaNa (Suspended particles pollution) phailAte haiM, vAhanavidhi arthAt vAhanoM kI saMkhyA sImita karanA ityaadi| __ paryAvaraNa ke pradUSaNa meM Aja dhUmra chor3ane vAle vAhanoM kA prayoga bhI eka pramukha kAraNa hai| yadi svAsthya evaM paryAvaraNa kA rakSaNa karanA hai, to hameM sar3aka, rela, havAI evaM samudrI mArgoM ko isa dhUmra-pradUSaNa se mukta rakhane kA prayAsa karanA hI hogaa| jaina muni ke lie binA vAhana kA prayoga kie padayAtrA karane kI jo paramparA hai, vaha paryAvaraNIya pradUSaNa se mukti evaM svAsthya kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra, "Aja kI hamArI upabhoktA saMskRti meM hama eka ora eka pharlAga bhI jAnA ho to vAhana kI apekSA rakhate haiM, to dUsarI ora DaoNkTara ke nirdeza para pratidina pA~ca-sAta ki.mI. Tahalate bhI haiN| yaha kaisI Atma-pravaMcanA hai, eka ora samaya kI bacata ke nAma para vAhanoM kA prayoga karanA, to dUsarI ora prAtaHkAlIna evaM sAyaMkAlIna bhramaNa meM apane samaya kA apavyaya karanA? yadi manuSya madhyama AkAra vAle zaharoM meM apane dainandina kAryoM meM vAhanoM kA prayoga na kare, to usase doharA lAbha hogaa| eka ora Indhana evaM tatsambandhI kharca bacegA, to dUsarI ora paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa bhI nahIM hogA, sAtha hI svAsthya bhI anukUla rhegaa| prakRti kI ora lauTane kI bAta Aja cAhe paramparAvAdI lagatI ho, kintu eka dina aisA AegA, jaba yaha mAnava-astitva kI eka anivAryatA hogii|"212 vAyu pradUSaNa eka ativyApaka tattva hai, jisameM dhvani pradUSaNa, tApa-pradUSaNa, prakAza-pradUSaNa, reDiyodharmI-pradUSaNa, kaNIya-pradUSaNa (Suspended particle Air Pollution), gaisIya-pradUSaNa (Gaseous Air Pollution) ityAdi kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| ataH vAyu-saMrakSaNa kA lakSya ina sabhI vibhAgoM ko pradUSaNa rahita karanA hai| 48 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 472 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #559
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ E Age, isIlie ve nirdeza die jA rahe haiM, jo jainAcAra para AdhArita haiM evaM jinakA pAlana kara hama vAyu-pradUSaNa se mukti prApta kara sakate haiN| cUMki adhikAMza tApa-pradUSaNa, prakAza-pradUSaNa, gaisIya pradUSaNa Adi se sambandhita nirdezoM kA antarbhAva to agni-saMrakSaNa ke nirdezoM meM hI ho jAtA hai, ataH unakA punarAvartana yahA~ nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai - 1) kaNIya-pradUSaNa para roka i) apaziSTa padArthoM , jaise - jUThana, phala, sabjI, khAdyAnna Adi ko nahIM sdd'aaeN| ii) ghara, oNphisa Adi kI saphAI karake kacare (dhUla) ko Upara se nahIM pheNkeN| iii) ghara kA raMga-rogana, pharnIcara kI paoNliza, vastroM meM DAI, vAhanoM meM peNTa Adi anAvazyakarUpa se na kreN| iv) itra, seMTa , krIma, pAuDara Adi zRMgAra prasAdhanoM kA prayoga na kreN| v) dhuA~ visarjana karane vAle kAryoM para ucita niyantraNa rakheM evaM takanIka sudhArane kA prayatna isa prakAra se kareM ki dhue~ kI mAtrA nyUnatama ho, jaise - cimanI kI U~cAI kama na rakheM, kArbana philTara kA prayoga kareM, Indhana kI guNavattA kamatara na ho ityaadi| _vi) kITanAzaka davAiyA~ na chidd'keN| 2) gaisIya pradUSaNa para roka i) per3a-paudhoM kI kaTAI na kareM anyathA oNksIjana gaisa kI kamI hogii| ii) rAsAyanika vyavasAyoM para ucita niyantraNa rkheN| iii) vAhana, janareTara Adi yantroM ke prayoga para niyantraNa kreN| iv) bhaTTiyoM, ovana Adi ke prayoga para niyantraNa kreN| v) rephrIjareTara ke utpAdana para niyantraNa ho| vi) ucita guNavattAvAn IMdhanoM kA hI upayoga kareM, kyoMki Indhana kA adhUrA dahana athavA alpa guNavattAvAn IndhanoM kA prayoga svAsthya ke lie hAnikAraka hotA hai, jaise - kArbana mono-oNksAiDa gaisa ke mukta hone se zvAsa rogiyoM ko takalIpha hotI hai| 3) dhvani pradUSaNa para roka i) mauna kA niyamita abhyAsa kareM aura use bar3hAte jaaeN| ii) yadi boleM, to samitipUrvaka boleM arthAt hitakArI, mitakArI, priyakArI evaM nirvadya vacana kheN| iii) mobAIla athavA dUrabhASa kA prayoga kama se kama kreN| iv) yAtrA, saira, pikanika Adi phurasata ke kSaNoM meM vaoNka-mena, AI-paoNTa , Tepa-rikaoNrDara, TI. vI. Adi kA prayoga TAlate hue Atmahita ke kAryoM ko prAthamikatA deN| v) dhvani vistAraka yantroM (Loud Speakers) ke prayoga evaM unakI tIvratA para niyantraNa rkheN| 473 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #560
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vi) kalaha arthAt ApasI vivAdoM evaM vAk-yuddha se bceN| vii) jhUThe doSAropaNa, cugalakhorI Adi pApa pravRttiyoM se bceN| viii) anAvazyaka viSayoM para bAtacIta karane arthAt vikathAoM se bceN| Azaya hai ki rAjakathA, dezakathA, strIkathA evaM bhojanakathA se svayaM ko anAvazyaka rUpa se nahIM jodd'eN| ix) rAtri meM gapazapa athavA TI.vI. ke kolAhala meM jIne ke bajAya sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, mauna ArAdhanA Adi kreN| x) jora-jora se bolane athavA jora-jora se Tepa, TI.vI. Adi sunane kI Adata chodd'eN| 4) reDiyodharmI tathA anya vikiraNa (Radiation) pradUSaNa kA saMrakSaNa i) bijalI nirmANa hetu saura-UrjA ko mahattva deM, na ki ANavika UrjA ko| ii) ANavika zastroM ke parIkSaNoM evaM yuddhoM para roka lagAkara niHzastrIkaraNa kI nIti apanAe~ tathA vizva-bandhutva kI bhAvanA ko pragAr3ha kreN| iii) gharoM meM vAyu-pravAha (Cross Ventilation) honA atyanta Avazyaka haiN| reDiyo ekTiva reDaoNna (Radon) gaisa pharza kI darAroM se, TyUbavaila ke pAnI Adi se nikalatI rahatI hai| yadi kamaroM se vAyu pravAha nahIM hogA, to isa ghAtaka gaisa kA ghanatva bar3hegA jo keMsara Adi rogoM ko janma degI, isIlie khir3akiyA~ khulI rakhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| iv) mobAIla evaM anya ilekTrAnika upakaraNoM ke upayoga ko maryAdita kreN| 8.6.5 vanaspati-saMrakSaNa jainAcAryoM ne vanaspati ke saMrakSaNa ke lie anekAneka nirdeza die haiM, jinakA anukaraNa karake paryAvaraNa kA saMrakSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva duniyA meM jahA~ vanaspati ko sirpha bhogopabhoga kI vastu mAnA jAtA thA, vahIM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI divya vaijJAnika dRSTi ke bala para use sajIva siddha kiyaa|213 Azcarya kI bAta hai ki Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ko bhI vanaspati kI sajIvatA ko taba svIkAranA par3A, jaba san 1920 meM sara jagadIzacandra basu ne yantroM ke mAdhyama se isako siddha kara dikhaayaa|214 vanaspati ko sajIva mAnane se bhI Atmatulya jIvanadRSTi kA vikAsa hotA hai, jo paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie atyAvazyaka hai| AcArAMga meM vAnaspatika jIvana kI mAnavIya jIvana se tulanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra mAnava utpanna hotA hai, vRddhizIla hotA hai, cetanAyukta hotA hai, chedana-bhedana karane para kumhalAtA hai, AhAra karatA hai, anitya hotA hai, ghaTatA-bar3hatA hai aura vikRta hotA hai, usI prakAra vanaspati bhI varttana karatI hai|215 Azaya yaha hai ki jaise hama jIvana yukta haiM aura anukUla-pratikUla , sukha-duHkha Adi saMvedanAoM kI anubhUti karate haiM, vaisI hI anubhUti vanaspati ko bhI hotI hai| ataH hamArA kartavya 50 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 474 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #561
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai ki hama usakI anAvazyaka hiMsA yA durupayoga se bceN| isa prakAra AcArAMga meM Atma-tulya dRSTi se vanaspati ke saMrakSaNa kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM kI yaha vizeSatA bhI rahI ki inhoMne na kevala vanaspati meM vidyamAna jIvana ko, apitu vanaspati ke Azrita anekAneka jIvanarUpoM ko bacAne ke lie bhI upadeza diyA hai, jo paryAvaraNIya santulana ke vikAsa ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| dazavaikAlika meM kahA gayA hai - vanaspati kI hiMsA arthAt vanaspati kA chedana, bhedana, zoSaNa evaM atidohana karatA huA vyakti, usake Azrita anekAneka dRzya-adRzya, trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA arthAt vinAza karatA hai|16 yaha vinAza hI paryAvaraNIya jaiva-vividhatA ke lie khatarA bana jAtA hai| ataH dazavaikAlika meM isa doharI hiMsA ko durgativardhaka batAyA gayA hai tathA sAdhaka ko vanaspati-samArambha nahIM karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isI bAta ko dUsare sthAna para adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI mana, vacana evaM kAyA se vanaspati kI hiMsA na kareM, na karAe~ aura na hI usakA samarthana kreN|218 isakA hI pariNAma hai ki ve apane jIvana meM vanaspati kA chedana, bhedana, zoSaNa Adi to dUra, unheM sparza bhI nahIM krte| saMkSipta meM kaha sakate haiM ki unakI jIvanacaryA vanaspati ko pUrNa saMrakSaNa pradAna karatI hai| jaina gRhasthoM ke lie bhI prAcIna jainazAstroM meM aneka nirdeza die gae haiM ki ve harita vanaspati kA yathAzakti sImita upayoga kreN| kanda-mUla kA bhakSaNa jaina gRhastha ke lie niSiddha hI hai| isake pIche eka tathya yaha bhI rahA ki yadi manuSya jar3oM kA hI bhakSaNa karegA, to paudhoM kA astitva hI khatare meM A jAegA aura unakA jIvana hI samApta ho jaaegaa| isI prakAra, jisa per3a kA tanA manuSya kI bA~hoM meM nahIM A sakatA ho, use kATanA manuSya kI hatyA ke barAbara kahA gayA hai|19 gRhastha upAsaka ke lie 'vanakarma' arthAt vanoM kI kaTAI sambandhI vyavasAya ko niSiddha batAyA gayA hai|220 isI prakAra 'dAvAgnidApana' arthAt jaMgala jalAne kA vyavasAya bhI anucita batAyA gayA hai|21 gharelu jIvana ke viSaya meM jaina-paramparA meM Aja bhI parvatithiyoM meM harita vanaspati nahIM khAne ke niyama kA pAlana aneka gRhastha karate haiN| isI prakAra bhojana ke pazcAt jUThana nahIM chor3ane kA bhI niyama hai, pratyuta thAlI dhokara jUThana sahita pAnI pIne kA niyama hai, jise aneka gRhastha pAlate haiN| Aja bhI jainAcAra ke niSThAvAn gRhastha ghAsa para calane ko anucita mAnate haiN| isI prakAra niSprayojana eka pattI tor3anA bhI varjita hai| jainAcAra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki niSprayojana vanaspati kA chedana, bhedana, dohana Adi karanA 'anarthadaNDa kriyAe~' hotI haiM aura ye anucita evaM tyAjya haiN|222 vartamAna pariprekSya meM hama jaina siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para apanI jIvanazailI meM yathAzakti nimnalikhita sudhAra karake vanaspati-saMrakSaNa meM apanA sakriya yogadAna de sakate haiN| 1) jainAcAra meM nirdiSTa jamIkanda Adi battIsa anantakAya kA bhakSaNa na kreN| 475 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 51 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #562
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2) madyapAna na kreN| 3) vanaspati se nirmita anya nazIle padArtha, jaise - aphIma, bIr3I, tambAku, gAMjA, carasa, mahuvA ___Adi kA sevana bhI na kreN| 4) viSailI vanaspati kA sevana na kreN| 5) baiMgana kA sevana na kreN| 6) adhika bIja vAle phala arthAt bahubIjI phala na khAe~, kyoMki inake bhojana se vanaspati kA vikAsa bIja stara para hI avaruddha hokara naSTa ho jaaegaa| 7) tuccha phaloM arthAt ve phala jinameM khAne kA bhAga kama evaM pheMkane kA bhAga adhika ho, unheM na khAe~, kyoMki isase vanaspati kA sadupayoga kama aura durupayoga adhika hogA, jaise - bera aadi| 8) kacce phala, sabjI, anAja yA unase nirmita padArthoM kA anAvazyaka saMgraha na kareM anyathA kAlAntara meM ve vikRta (calita-rasa) bana kara bhakSaNa ke ayogya ho jAte haiN| 9) bhojana ke anta meM jUThana bilkula nahIM chor3eM evaM yathAsambhava thAlI dhokara avaziSTa jUThana ko pI jaaeN| 10) apaziSTa padArthoM , jaise - sabjI, phala ke chilake, roTI, cAvala Adi ko kUr3edAna meM na pheMkeM, varan tatkAla gAya Adi pazuoM ko vyavasthita tarIke se khilaaeN| 11) jIvANu yukta yA lIlana-phUlana yukta padArthoM , jaise - AcAra Adi kA upayoga na kareM, kyoMki isase na kevala vanaspati kI hiMsA hotI hai, varan svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI koI lAbha nahIM hotaa| 12) phUla yA guladaste kI bheMTa na dekara aisI bheMTa deM, jo jIvanopayogI baneM, jaise - dhArmika pustaka Adi / 13) vivAha sthala, gRha, dukAna, oNphisa ko phUloM se na sjaaeN| 14) ghAsa para na cleN| 15) niSprayojana pattI, phUla, TahanI yA paudhoM ko nahIM todd'eN| 16) itra, seMTa , pAuDara, harbala zaimpU Adi kA prayoga na kreN| 17) kAgaja, pustikA, pustaka, uttarapustikA Adi kA durupayoga na kareM, kyoMki ye bhI vanaspati se hI banate haiN| 18) lakar3I se nirmita pharnIcara, zo kesa, alamArI, palaMga , khir3akI, daravAje Adi kA anAvazyaka saMgraha na kareM evaM pUrva saMcita kA durupayoga na kreN| 19) lakar3I meM dImaka na lage, isa hetu usakA niyamita antarAla meM pramArjana evaM pratilekhana karate rheN| 20) kaoNTana evaM sintheTika (Wood-pulp se nirmita) vastroM kA upayoga bhI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kareM, 52 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 476 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #563
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ inakA anAvazyaka saMgraha na kareM tathA saMgRhIta vastroM kA pUrNa sadupayoga kreN| 21) kisI bhI per3a ko kATeM nahIM, yadi avazyaMbhAvI ho, to use sthAnAntarita (Transplant) kreN| 22) vana karma arthAt vana kATane Adi se sambandhita vyavasAya na kreN| 23) 'dAvAgnidApana' arthAt vana jalAne, kheta jalAne Adi se sambandhita kArya na kreN| 24) 'sphoTana karma' arthAt bhUmi khanana se sambandhita vyavasAya bhI na kareM, kyoMki isameM gaDDe khodane, malabA DAlane Adi meM anekAneka vanaspatiyoM kI bhI hiMsA hotI haiN| 25) 'rasa vANijya' arthAt zarAba Adi mAdaka padArthoM kA vyavasAya bhI na kreN| 26) kRSi meM kharapatavAra nAzaka evaM kITANunAzaka davAiyoM kA prayoga nahIM karanA par3e, aisA upAya kreN| 27) bAgavAnI ke samaya per3a-paudhoM kI avAMchanIya kATa-chA~Ta se bceN| 28) Indhana ke lie lakar3I kA upayoga na kareM, varan saura-UrjA kA prayoga kreN| 29) jahA~ nIce gire hue phala se kAma calatA ho, vahA~ per3a, zAkhA, TahanI, kacce phaloM kA gucchA Adi nahIM todd'eN| Azaya yaha hai ki vAnaspatika hiMsA meM alpabahutva kA vicAra avazya kreN| yaha nIti paryAvaraNa ke anya saMsAdhanoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie bhI upayogI hai| 30) aMkurita AhAra grahaNa na kareM, kyoMki isase hama vanaspati ke vikAsa ko usake srota para hI avaruddha kara dete haiM aura bhaviSya meM usase milane vAle adhika lAbha se bhI vaMcita raha jAte haiN| 31) anAja Adi kA AvazyakatA se adhika bhaNDAraNa na kareM, jisase naSTa hone ke pUrva hI anAja kA sadupayoga ho ske| 8.6.6 trasa jIva saMrakSaNa paryAvaraNa meM sUkSma-sthUla , dRzya-adRzya samasta trasa jIvoM 29 (svecchApUrvaka gamanAgamana karane meM samartha jIvoM) kA saMrakSaNa atyAvazyaka hai, kyoMki paryAvaraNIya sthiratA ko banAe rakhane meM pratyeka jIva kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| hama soca sakate haiM ki yadi trasa jIvoM kA vinAza hotA hai, to isase sIdhe-sIdhe khAdya-zRMkhalA evaM khAdya-jAla (Food chain and Food web) prabhAvita hote haiN|24 isase vinaSTa hue trasa jIvoM para Azrita anekAneka jIvoM kA vinAza hue binA nahIM raha sktaa| isakA artha yaha hai ki eka jIva kI hiMsA karane se hiMsA kI paramparA prArambha ho jAtI hai, jisakA asara pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se manuSya para bhI AtA hI hai| isI dRSTi se, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA arthAt vinAza kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA ke duSpariNAma ko isa prakAra samajhAyA hai - kevala eka trasa jIva kI hiMsA karatA huA prANI usase sambandhita aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| 26 ataH hameM sUkSma se sUkSma trasa jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA se bacanA caahie| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita yaha ahiMsA AdhArita jIvanazailI paryAvaraNIya vikAsa evaM jaiva-vividhatA ke saMrakSaNa ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| 477 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 53 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #564
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jahA~ taka jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra kA prazna hai, unheM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki ve mana, vacana evaM kAyA se trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA na kareM, na karAe~ aura na hiMsA kA samarthana hI kreN| yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki cU~ki trasakAya kI hiMsA karate hue usake Azrita aneka prakAra ke trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA ho jAtI hai, ataH ise durgati kA kAraNa jAnakara jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI jIvanaparyanta trasakAya ke samArambha kA tyAga kreN|227 ve pAtra, kambala, zayyA, mala-mUtra visarjana, bhUmi-saMstAraka, Asana Adi kA yathAsamaya pramANocita pramArjana evaM pratilekhana kareM, jisase kisI bhI sUkSma yA sthUla jIva kI virAdhanA arthAt hiMsA na ho|29 yaha paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie eka Adarza prastuta karatA hai| sirpha jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI hI nahIM, balki gRhastha upAsakoM ko bhI trasakAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karane kA nirdeza dRr3hatApUrvaka diyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne gRhastha ko usakI bhUmikAnusAra anekavidha niyamoM kA pAlana karane kA nirdeza diyA hai, jaise - saptavyasana kA tyAga, aSTa mUlaguNoM kA grahaNa, bAIsa abhakSya padArthoM kA tyAga, mArgAnusArI ke paiMtIsa guNoM yA zrAvaka ke ikkIsa guNoM kA grahaNa, aNuvratoM kA pAlana, zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA vahana ityaadi| jainAcAra meM sadgRhastha ko yaha niyama diyA jAtA hai ki vaha saMkalpapUrvaka arthAt irAde ke sAtha niSprayojana evaM niraparAdha kisI bhI trasa jIva kI hiMsA na kare / 229 jaina-paramparA meM Aja bhI cIMTI taka kI hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainAcAra meM jaiva-vividhatA ko banAe rakhate hue paryAvaraNa-vikAsa evaM paryAvaraNa-sthiratA ke upayogI nirdeza die gae haiN| jainAcAra meM nirdiSTa trasa-jIvoM ke saMrakSaNa hetu kucha mahattvapUrNa binduoM para Age carcA kI jA rahI hai - (ka) kITanAzakoM kA prayoga - Aja khetI meM rAsAyanika urvarakoM evaM kITanAzakoM kA upayoga bar3hatA jA rahA hai, usase hamArA bhojana, jala, vAyu evaM bhUmi pradUSita hote jA rahI hai| jaina-paramparA meM gRhastha upAsaka ko khetI kI anumati to dI gaI hai, kintu usameM kITanAzakoM kA prayoga karane kI anumati nahIM hai, kyoMki isase sUkSma-sthUla anekAneka jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, jo niSiddha hai| isI prakAra usake lie viSa-vANijya arthAt viSaile rAsAyanika padArthoM kA vyavasAya niSiddha hai, ataH use kITanAzakoM kA vyApAra bhI kalpanIya nahIM hai|230 ina dinoM binA rAsAyanika khAdoM evaM kITanAzakoM kA prayoga kie khetI karane ke prayAsa bhI kie jA rahe haiN| yahA~ mahArASTra ke eka jaina kRSi udyamI (Agriculturist) kA udAharaNa denA Avazyaka hai, jinhoMne binA kisI kITanAzaka kA prayoga kie gobara, pattoM Adi se banI prAkRtika khAda dvArA rikArDa utpAdana kara dikhaayaa| unakI paddhati ko bhAratIya vizeSajJa hI nahIM, kintu anya kRSi vikasita dezoM ke vizeSajJoM ne bhI sarAhA hai| yaha paddhati na kevala hamAre khAdyAnna ko viSamukta banAtI hai, apitu paryAvaraNIya pradUSaNa se bhI bacAtI hai|231 54 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 478 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #565
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (kha) zikAra - ina dinoM vanya evaM jalIya jIvoM kA zikAra bar3hatA jA rahA hai| isase paryAvaraNa kI jaivika-sampadA ghaTatI jA rahI hai, jo cintA kA viSaya hai| aniyaMtrita zikAra se vizeSakara vhela machalI kA astitva khatare meM hai, sparma vhela to ginatI kI raha gaI haiM (sparma vhela se eka atyanta sugandhita padArtha 'agara' milatA hai, jo bahuta mahaMgA hotA hai)| jalIya jIvoM kI hiMsA se jala-pradUSaNa bar3hatA jA rahA hai evaM jalIya-paritantra (Aqueous Ecosystem) kA santulana bhaMga ho rahA hai| isI prakAra dA~ta, phara, camar3e, mAMsa Adi ke lie vanya-prANiyoM kI lagAtAra hiMsA ho rahI hai, jisase vanya-paritantra (Forest Ecosystem) kA santulana saMkaTa meM A rahA hai| jainadarzana meM gRhastha dharma kI pahalI zarta hI hai - zikAra evaM mAMsAhAra kA pUrNa tyaag| 32 yahA~ gRhastha ko na vyavasAya ke lie aura na manoraMjana ke lie zikAra kI anumati hai| yaha socanIya hai ki yaha kaisA manoraMjana hai ki hama dUsare prANiyoM ke prANa hI le leN| manoraMjana to vaha hai ki Apa svayaM bhI prasanna raheM aura dUsaroM ko bhI khuzI bA~TeM / 233 isI prakAra, mArgAnusArI guNoM ke antargata pahalA hI niyama hai - nyAyanItipUrvaka dhanArjana karanA arthAt zikAra Adi amAnavIya kArya kie bagaira dhanArjana krnaa|234 (ga) mAMsAhAra - Aja tejI se bar3hatI huI mAMsAhAra kI pravRtti na kevala bAhya paryAvaraNa ko pradUSita evaM asantulita kara rahI hai, varan jIvana kI pavitratA, sadguNa, sadAcaraNa evaM saMyama ko bhI naSTa kara rahI hai| yadi anekAnta-dRSTikoNa se dekheM, to hama pAe~ge ki mAMsAhAra mAnava jAti para kalaMka hai, vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha mahArogoM kA janaka hai, Arthika dRSTi se mahaMgA hai, prAkRtika dRSTi se paryAvaraNa ko pradUSita karatA hai, dhArmika dRSTi se durgatipradAtA hai evaM zArIrika dRSTi se duHpAcya hai, isIlie mAMsAhAra kA tyAga pratyeka mAnava kA eka anivArya karttavya honA caahie|235 paryAvaraNa evaM svAsthya rakSA kI dRSTi se zAkAhAra kA aucitya Aja svayaM vaijJAnika bhI svIkAra kara rahe haiN| vaijJAnikoM kA spaSTa kahanA hai ki eka mAMsAhArI zAkAhArI kI tulanA meM dasa gunA adhika vanaspati-utpAdoM ko khAtA hai| mAMsAhArI jina pazuoM para nirbhara hotA hai, ve vanaspati khAte haiN| pazu vanaspati khAkara jitanI UrjA grahaNa karatA hai| usakA nabbe pratizata vaha apane halana-calana-pAcana prakriyA meM vyaya kara detA hai evaM dasa pratizata hI mAMsa ke rUpa meM saMcita kara pAtA hai| isa prakAra mAMsAhArI apratyakSa rUpa se dasa gunA vanaspati grahaNa karatA hai| isI prakAra, eka zAkAhArI 0.72 ekar3a bhUmi se jIvana-yApana kara sakatA hai, jabaki eka mAMsAhArI ke lie 1.63 ekar3a jamIna kI jarurata hotI hai| isI taraha se dekheM, to amerikA meM eka kilo gehU~ utpAdana ke lie 50 gailana jala kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jabaki itane hI gaumAMsa ke lie 10,000 gailana pAnI caahie| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne zAkAhAra kI dRr3hatApUrvaka puSTi kara paryAvaraNa kI surakSA ke lie mahattvapUrNa upakAra kiyA hai| yadi mAMsa niryAta kara videzI mudrA kamAne ke lie katlakhAnoM ko bar3hAvA nahIM diyA jAe, to sirpha pazudhana kA hI saMrakSaNa nahIM hogA, varan paryAvaraNa ke bhISaNa saMkaTa kA bhI bahuta hada taka samAdhAna ho jaaegaa|237 479 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 55 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #566
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (gha) rAsAyanika zastroM kA prayoga evaM yuddha 38 - Aja vizva meM rAsAyanika evaM ANavika zastroM kI hor3a lagI huI hai| inake parIkSaNoM evaM yuddha meM prayogoM se paryAvaraNa meM atyadhika pradUSaNa utpanna hotA hai tathA mAnava evaM anya prANiyoM ke astitva para khatarA maMDarA rahA hai| isase bacane ke lie AcArAMga meM eka sUtra diyA gayA hai - 'atthi satthaM pareNaparaM, natthi asatthaM pareNaparaM' arthAt zastroM meM eka se bar3hakara eka ho sakate haiM, kintu azastra (ahiMsA) se bar3hakara kucha nahIM hai|239 niHzastrIkaraNa kA yaha nirdeza arthapUrNa hai, kyoMki Aja prAyaH sabhI rASTroM kA adhikatama vyaya inhIM astra-zastroM ke nirmANa athavA kraya para ho rahA hai| isa prakAra, jainAcAra meM aise anekAneka nirdeza die gae haiM, jo trasa prANiyoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie atyanta upayogI haiN| Age, jainAcAra para AdhArita kucha nirdeza die jA rahe haiM, jinakA anupAlana kara trasa jIvoM kA saMrakSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1) rAtri bhojana na kareM, kyoMki rAtri meM dRzya-adRzya kaI jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| 2) pA~ca prakAra ke phaloM - bar3a, pIpala, pilaMkhaNa, udumbara evaM gUlara kA parityAga kareM, kyoMki inameM kaI trasa jIva hote haiM, jinakA sevana manuSya ke lie ghAtaka bhI hotA hai| 3) cAra mahAvigaI arthAt mahAvikRtiyA~ - mAMsa, madirA, madhu evaM makkhana kA tyAga kreN| 4) zuddha chanA huA athavA ubalA huA pAnI hI piieN| 5) ghara kI sApha-saphAI meM cIMTI, makor3e, khaTamala Adi kI hiMsA na kreN| 6) maccharoM ko na maareN| 7) bAjAra meM jina vastuoM meM aNDe, mAMsa, carbI Adi avAMchanIya vastue~ milAI jAtI haiM, unakA kraya-vikraya na kreN| 8) camar3e yA phara Adi se bane utpAda, jaise - parsa, belTa, jUte, cappala, hAtha-moje, jaikeTa nahIM phne| 9) sajAvaTa ke sAmAnoM meM hAthI-dA~ta Adi se banI vastuoM ko na rkheN| 10) anAvazyaka lAiTsa , paMkhe Adi kA upayoga karake anekAneka pataMge Adi ur3ane vAle jIvoM kI hiMsA na kreN| 11) gamanAgamana ke lie vAhanoM kA prayoga kama se kama ho tathA paidala calate hue dRSTi nIce evaM ___ sAr3he tIna hAtha sAmane rahe, jisase cIMTI Adi kI hiMsA na ho| 12) prAcIna yuga se hI varSAkAla meM dharma ArAdhanA adhikAdhika karane aura virAdhanA arthAt hiMsA Adi asatpravRttiyA~ alpAtialpa karane ke lie kahA gayA hai, isakA anupAlana kreN| 13) bar3e jantuoM, jaise - cUhA, kaoNkaroca, chipakalI Adi kI hiMsA anAyAsa bhI na ho, isakA dhyAna rkheN| 56 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 480 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #567
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 14) kabUtara, cir3iyA Adi pakSiyoM ke aNDoM ko sparza bhI na kreN| 15) jUThana Adi na chor3eM, jisase sammUrchima manuSyoM evaM anya trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho| 16) 'asatIjanapoSaNakarma' arthAt cUhe Adi ko mArane ke lie kutte Adi ko pAlane athavA vyabhicAra ___ Adi ke lie vezyAoM ko rakhane se sambandhita karma na kreN| 17) pazuoM ko napuMsaka banAne se sambaddha vyavasAya arthAt 'nillaMchaNakarma' na kreN| 18) mala-mUtra visarjana, dAtauna, snAna Adi ke lie pUrvakAla meM vyakti jaMgala jAtA thA, jisase na kevala jala kA apavyaya alpa hotA thA, varan apaziSTa mala evaM jala bhI jaMgala ke choTe paudhoM ke lie khAda evaM pAnI ke rUpa meM upayogI hote the, isa niyama kA yathAsambhava pAlana kreN| isase aneka trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacAva hogaa| 19) kur3A-karkaTa Adi apaziSTa padArthoM kA visarjana vivekapUrvaka kareM anyathA inameM kaI trasa jIvoM kI utpatti evaM hiMsA hotI hai| 20) kIr3oM se nirmita rezama evaM kose ke vastra nahIM pahaneM, kyoMki inakI eka sAr3I banAne meM lagabhaga __ cAra hajAra kIr3oM kI hatyA kI jAtI hai| 21) gRhastha upAsaka ke lie 'kezavANijya' arthAt keza evaM kezavAle prANiyoM ko becane Adi kA ___ vyavasAya niSiddha hai, ataH isa niyama kA pAlana kreN| 22) anAja, jala Adi kA bhaNDAraNa AvazyakatAnusAra evaM maryAdita kAlAvadhi ke lie hI kareM, __ anyathA isameM kaI trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| 23) 'dantavANijya' arthAta hAthI ke dA~ta. camaDe, haDDI Adi kA vyavasAya na kreN| 24) khanana udyoga meM varSAkAla meM bar3e-bar3e tAlAboM kA nirmANa honA svAbhAvika hai| varSA ke uparAnta jaba punaH kArya prArambha karane ke lie ina jalAzayoM ko sukhAyA jAtA hai, taba kaI matsya Adi jalacara prANI mara jAte haiM, ataH aisA vyavasAya na kreN| 25) rAta meM vAhanoM kA prayoga kama se kama kareM, jisase anekAneka trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacA jA skeN| 26) maithuna ke sevana kA pUrNa athavA AMzika tyAga kareM, kyoMki isase hara bAra asaMkhya jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| 27) anAvazyaka ghUmanA-phiranA banda kareM athavA kama kreN| 28) ArdrA nakSatra ke bAda Ama kA sevana na kareM, kyoMki inameM aneka bAra kIr3e pAe jAte haiN| 29) sabjI, phala Adi sudhArate hue illI, kIr3oM Adi kI hiMsA se bceN| 30) parivAra niyojana kI cetanA vikasita kreN| 31) bhrUNahatyA kadApi na kreN| =====< >===== 481 adhyAya 8: payAvaraNa-prabandhana 57 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #568
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.7 niSkarSa isa adhyAya meM hamane yaha pAyA ki hama mAnavoM ko prakRti ke upahArasvarUpa 'paryAvaraNa' kI prApti huI hai| isake antargata SaDjIvanikAyoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati evaM sa jIva / cU~ki mAnava sabhI prANiyoM meM sarvAdhika sAmarthyavAn hai, ataH vaha paryAvaraNa kA vikAsa aura vinAza donoM karane meM sakSama hai| prakRti arthAt paryAvaraNa ke prati mAnava cAra prakAra kA vyavahAra kara sakatA hai 240 prakRti kA poSaNa prakRti kA pradUSaNa prakRti kA dohana prakRti kA zoSaNa jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, hama prakRti kA samyak poSaNa aura sImita dohana to kareM, lekina zoSaNa aura pradUSaNa nahIM / vastutaH, dohana evaM zoSaNa buniyAdI antara hai| eka sajjana vyakti yadi gAya pAlatA hai, to usakA dohana arthAt upayoga avazya karatA hai, lekina usakA ucita poSaNa bhI sAtha meM karatA hai| vaha dohana evaM poSaNa meM santulana sthApita kara letA hai| isake viparIta, eka svArthI vyakti gAya kA itanA adhika dohana karatA hai ki gAya ke prANa hI nikala jAte haiN| aisA isalie hotA hai, kyoMki dohana evaM poSaNa meM santulana nahIM raha pAtA / saMkSepa meM kaha sakate haiM ki pradUSaNa evaM zoSaNa meM hiMsA kI pradhAnatA hai, to poSaNa evaM dohana meM ahiMsA kI / jainAcAryoM ne sadA, sarvatra evaM sarvathA ahiMsA AdhArita jIvanazailI kI pavitra preraNA dI hai| yadi vaiyaktika jIvana meM isa zailI ko AtmasAt kiyA jAe, to paryAvaraNa evaM svayaM mAnava ke astitva para maMDarAtA khatarA haTa sakatA hai| jo vivekazIla mAnava prabhu mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM lAne ke lie svayaM ko taiyAra karegA, usakI antarbhAvanA nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM vyakta kI jA sakatI hai| - 58 bahe / / maitrI bhAva jagat meM merA, saba jIvoM se nitya rahe / dIna duHkhI jIvoM para mere, ura se karuNA srota durjana krUra kumArga ratoM para, kSobha nahIM mujhako Ave | sAmya bhAva rakhU~ maiM una para aisI pariNati ho jAve / / Iti-bhIti vyApe nahIM jaga meM, vRSTi samaya para huA kare / dharmaniSTha hokara rAjA bhI, nyAya prajA kA kiyA kare / / roga marI durbhikSa na phaile, prajA zAnti se jiyA kare / parama ahiMsA dharma jagat meM, phaila sarvahita kiyA kare / / 241 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 482
Page #569
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa prakAra, sampUrNa paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke Azaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie bRhadkalpabhASya kI nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ paryApta hai42 - jaM icchasi appaNato, jaM ca na icchasi appnnto| taM iccha parassa vi, ettiyagaM jiNasAsaNayaM / / arthAt jo apane lie cAhate ho, vahI dUsaroM ke lie bhI cAhanA cAhie, jo apane lie nahIM cAhate ho, vaha dUsaroM ke lie bhI nahIM cAhanA caahie| basa! itanA mAtra jinazAsana hai aura yahI tIrthaMkaroM kA upadeza bhii| isa prakAra, paryAvaraNa kA samyak prabandhana kara paryAvaraNIya saMsAdhanoM kI surakSA kA prayatna karanA caahie| zivamastu sarvajagataH, parahitaniratA bhavantu bhuutgnnaaH| doSAH prayAntu nAzaM, sarvatra sukhI bhavantu lokaaH|| 243 =====4.>===== 483 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 59 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #570
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| prazna uttara sandarbha vikalpa- alpa-@ ThIka-(c) acchA-(r) bahuta acchA-@ pUrNa-7 1) kyA Apa paryAvaraNa kI jAnakArI rakhate haiM? 2) kyA Apa jIvana meM paryAvaraNa ko mahattva dete haiM? 3) kyA Apa paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM ke duSpariNAmoM ko jAnate haiM? 4) kyA Apa paryAvaraNIya samasyAoM ke mUla kAraNoM ko jAnate haiM? 5) kyA Apa saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ke prati Atmavata-baddhi rakhate haiM? 6) kyA Apa vaicArika ahiMsA (bhAva-ahiMsA) kI bhAvanA rakhate haiM? 7) kyA ApakI pArasparika sahayoga kI bhAvanA rahatI hai? 8) kyA Apa Atma-svAtantrya ko svIkAra karate haiM? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcita- kabhI-kabhI-9 aksara-OM hamezA-6 9) kyA Apa bhUmi-saMrakSaNa meM sahayoga dete haiM? 10) kyA Apa jala-saMrakSaNa meM sahayoga dete haiM? 11) kyA Apa agni-saMrakSaNa meM sahayoga dete haiM? 12) kyA Apa vAyu-saMrakSaNa meM sahayoga dete haiM? 13) kyA Apa vanaspati-saMrakSaNa meM sahayoga dete haiM? 14) kyA Apa trasa-saMrakSaNa meM sahayoga dete haiM? 15) kyA Apa prakRti kA samyak poSaNa aura sImita dohana karate haiM? kula kula 0-15 16-30 31-45 46-60 61-75 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara alpatama 60 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 484 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #571
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 1 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 21 2 jadatthiNaM loge, taM savvaM dupao AraM - sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/1 3 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 591 4 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 21 5 cyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para 6 guNaparyAyavad dravyam - tattvArthasUtra, 5/37 7 utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat - vahI, 5/29 8 parasparopagraho jIvAnAm - vahI, 5/21 9 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/3 10 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 64 11 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/2/1 12 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 46 13 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/4/2 14 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/51, pR. 47 15 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 36-37 16 vahI, pR. 37 17 vikalpa (smArikA vana-vibhAga). pR. 82 18 vahI, pR. 82 19 vahI, pR. 82 20 (A) Education for the Environmental Concerns, A.B. Saxena, p. 207 (B) Environment Management, Rosy Joshy, p. 1.12 21 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/6/7 22 vahI, 1/2/3/4, 1/2/4/4 23 jIvavaho appavaho - bhaktaparijJA, 93 24 paryAvaraNavid DaoN. bI. ke. nilose, indaura se carcA ke AdhAra para 25 paryAvaraNavikAsa (patrikA), maI, 2008, aMka 5, pR 5 26 naIduniyA (samAcAra patra), le. DaoN.rAkeza trivedI, . 25 mArca, 2009 27 paryAvaraNavikAsa (patrikA), jUna, 2008, aMka 6, pR. 17 28 vahI, pR. 18 29 vahI, pR. 17 30 vahI, pR. 19 31 vahI, pR. 18 32 vahI, pR. 18 33 vahI, julAI, 2008, aMka 7. pR. 10 34 Environment Management, Rosy Joshy p. 2.8 35 paryAvaraNavikAsa (patrikA), apraila, 2008, aMka 4, pR. 10 36 vahI, sitaMbara, 2008, aMka 9, pR. 7-8 37 vahI, pR. 10 38 vahI, akTUbara, 2008, aMka 10, pR. 17 39 vahI, janavarI, 2008, aMka 1, pR. 12 40 vahI, jUna, 2008, aMka 6, pR. 15-16 41 vahI, pR. 13 42 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/51, pR. 47 43 paryAvaraNavikAsa (patrikA), akTUbara, 2008, aMka 10, pR. 12 44 naIduniyA (samAcAra patra), le.DaoN.rAkeza trivedI, ____ 25 mArca, 2009 45 paryAvaraNavikAsa (patrikA), navambara 2008, aMka 11, pR. 10 46 vahI, pR. 7 47 vahI, pR. 11 48 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 175-182 49 paryAvaraNacetanA, saM. DaoN.puruSottamabhaTTa cakravartI, pR. 162 50 (ka) vahI, pR. 162 (kha) Education for the Environmental concerns, A.B. Saxena. p. 179 51 paryAvaraNacetanA, saM. DaoN.puruSottamabhaTTa cakravartI, pR. 163 52 Education for the Environmental concerns, A.B. Saxena, p. 187 53 paryAvaraNazikSA, saM. DaoN.Ara.e. zarmA, pR. 103 54 naIduniyA (samAcAra patra), le. gaurIzaMkara rAjahaMsa, ___ 22 apraila, 2009 55 paryAvaraNacetanA, saM. DaoN.puruSottamabhaTTa cakravartI, pR. 163 56 vahI, pR. 164 57 amolasuktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, pR. 429 58 vahI, pR. 429 59 paryAvaraNacetanA, saM. DaoN.puruSottamabhaTTa cakravartI, pR. 165 60 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 188 61 (A) Education for the Environmental concerns, A.B. Saxena, p. 198 (B) Environment Management, Rosy Joshy, p. 8.14 62 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/5/3/5 63 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 227-228 64 vahI, pR. 39-45 65 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/6/5 66 hiMsAnRtasteyA'brahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 485 61 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #572
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ - tattvArthasUtra, 7/1 91 padmapurANa (amolasUktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, pR. 89 se 67 upAsakadazAMgasUtra 1/48, pR. 44 uddhRta) 68 Education for the Environmental concerns, A.B. 92 yogavaziSTha (vahI, pR. 89 se uddhRta) Saxena, p. 206 93 dAnacandrikA (vahI, pR. 90 se uddhRta) 69 ega annayaraM tasaM pANaM haNamANe aNege jIve haNai 94 bhaktaparijJA, 91 - bhagavatIsUtra 9/34, pR. 570 95 prazamarati (amolasUktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, pR. 90 se 70 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/4/3 uddhRta) 71 purisA! saccameva samabhijANAhi 96 pANavaho caMDo, ruddo, khuddo, aNAriyo, nigghiNo, nisaMso - vahI, 1/3/3/7 ___ mahabhayo... - praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 1/1, pR. 6 72 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, 97 na ya avedayittA atthi hu mokkho sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 591 - vahI, 1/3, pR. 110 73 vahI, pR. 592 98 ahiMsA niuNA diTThA savvabhUesu saMjamo 74 bahupi laTuM na nihe, pariggahAo appANaM avasakkijjA - - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/8 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/5/5 99 jJAnArNavaH, 8/32 75 arthaH prayojanam gRhasthasya kSetra vastu, vAstu, dhana, dhAnya ....... 100 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/1/4/10 tadviparIto'nartha daNDa - upAsakadazAMgasatraTIkA. abhayadevasari, 101 jAti deza kAla-samayAvacchinnA 1/43 (upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra, subhASa - yogadarzana, 2/31 koThArI, pR. 143 se uddhRta) 102 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/1/1 76 dezasarvato'NumahatI - tattvArthasUtra, 7/2 103 vahI, 1/1/7/7 77 jeNa siyA teNa No siyA 104 taM jahA puDhavikAiyA, AukAiyA, teukAiyA, vAukAiyA, - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/4/3 vaNassai kAiyA, tasa kaaiyaa| 78 mA paccha asAdhutA bhave, accehI aNusAsa appagaM - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/3 - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/2/3/7 105 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 575 79 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 24/15 106 icceyaM chajjIvaNiyaM, sammaddiTThI sayA je| 80 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 24-27 dulaha labhittu sAmaNNaM, kammaNA na virAhejjAsi / / 81 Environment Management, Rosy Joshi, p. 1.5 - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/51 82 do, p. I.5 107 akarissaM ca'haM, kAravesu ca'haM ............. bhavaMti 83 paryAvaraNazikSA, saM. DaoN.Ara.e.zarmA, pR. 246-247 - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/1/6 84 appaNoya paraM nAlaM, kuto annANa sAsiuM 108 ege AyA - samavAyAMgasUtra, 1/3 - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/1/2/17 109 hathissa ya kuMthussa ya same ceva jIve 85 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 27 - vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 7/8 86 na hu pAvaM havai hiya, visaM jahA jIviyatthissa 110 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/3/1 - maraNasamAdhi, 6/3 111 AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana, 87 purisA! attANameva abhiNigijjha, evaM dukkhA pamuccasi sA.priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 169 - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/3/7 112 savve pANA piAuyA, ........kaMcaNaM / 88 AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana, sA.priyadarzanAzrI, a. 7, - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/3/4 pR. 168 113 tumaMsi nAma taM ..... ti mnnsi| 89 satyazIlavratAdInAmahiMsA jananI matA - vahI, 1/5/5/5 114 AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana, - amolasuktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, pR. 91 sA.priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 169 . 90 mahAbhArata, 1/11/13 115 pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA - tattvArthasUtra, 7/8 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 486 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #573
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 116 AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana, 145 pAvaM kamma neva kujjA, na kAravejjA sA.priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 172 - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/6/1 117 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, 146 kammaM ciNaMti savasA, tassu dayammi u paravvasA hoti| sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 600 ___ rukkhaM duruhai savaso, vigalai sa paravyaso ttto|| 118 vahI, pR. 600 - bRhadbhASya, 2989 119 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/6/4 147 suciNNA kammA suciNNaphalA bhvNti| 120 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, duciNNA kammA duciNNaphalA bhvNti|| sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 600 - aupapAtikasUtra, 56 121 AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana, 148 jainadharma evaM bhAratIya dharmadarzana (ema.e.pustaka), pR. 5/17/1 sA.priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 181 149 se AyAvAdI, loyAvAdI, kammAvAdI, kiriyAvAdI 122 mittiM bhUehiM kappae - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 6/2 - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/1/5 123 vairaM majjhaM na keNai - AvazyakasUtra, a. 4, pR. 91 150 appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| 124 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 215 - 216 appA mittamamittaM ca, duSpaTThiya suptttthio|| 125 asaMjame niyattiM ca, saMjame ya pavattaNaM - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 20/37 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 31/2 151 purisA! tumameva tuma mittaM, kiM bahiyA mittamicchasi? 126 je ajjhatthaM jANai ............ tula mannesi purisA! attANameva abhiNigijjha evaM dukkhA pamokkhasi / - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/7/2 - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/3/6-7 127 na ya vittAsae paraM - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 2/20 152 jayaM care, jayaM ciTTe, jaya mAse, jayaM se| 128 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 575 jayaM bhujaMto bhAsaMto, pAvaM kammaM na bNdhii|| 129 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 111 - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/62 130 parasparopagraho jIvAnAm - tattvArthasUtra, 5/21 153 puDhavI cittamaMtamakkhAyA aNegajIvA puDhosattA annattha sattha 131 bhaktaparijJA, 93 pariNaeNaM - vahI, 4/4 132 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 1/1-5 154 vahI, 6/27 133 savve pANA, savve bhUyA .. .. uddaveyavyA 155 vahI, 6/28 - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/2/4 156 puDhavI bhittiM silaM lelu, neva bhiMde na sNlihe| 134 jaha mama Na piyaM dukkhaM, jANiya emeva savvajIvANaM / viviheNa karaNa joeNa, saMjae susmaahie|| na haNai na haNAvei a, samamaNai teNa so smnno|| - vahI, 8/4 - anuyogadvArasUtra, 129, pR. 454 157 jIva-ajIva tattva, kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, pR. 15 135 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 1/2 158 goyamA! jahanneNaM aMgulA saMkhejjavibhAgaM ukkoseNa vi 136 vahI, 1/4 aMgulAsaMkhejjaI bhAgaM 137 vahI, 1/3 - jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 1/13 138 vahI, 1/2 159 dANANaM seTTha abhayappamANaM 139 vahI, 1/5 - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/6/23 140 AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya adhyayana, 160 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/2/4 sA.priyadarzanAzrI, pR. 180 161 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/5 141 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/1/5 162 vahI, 4/49 142 amolasUktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, pR. 277 163 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/2/1 143 esa khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu 164 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, Narae - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/2/4 sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 593 144 ghnanti jantUn gataghRNA ghorAM, te yAnti durgatim 165 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/51, pR. 47 - yogazAstra, 2/39 166 mUpirigrahaH - tattvArthasUtra, 7/12 167 vahI, 7/16 487 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 63 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #574
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 168 AnaMdasvAdhyAyasaMgraha, zrIpuNyaprakAzastavana, pR. 76 198 davaggidANaM davAgnervanAgne:-dANaM vitaraNaM kSetrAdi zodhanaM 169 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/30 nimittaM dAvAgni dAnamiti 170 vahI, 4/5 - vahI (vahI, pR. 141 se uddhRt)| 171 jIva-ajIva tattva, kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, pR. 21 199 tattvArthasUtra, 7/16 - 172 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, 200 upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra, pR. 594 subhASa koThArI, pR. 146 173 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/3/6 201 vAucitta maMtamakkhAyA aNegajIvA puDhosattA annattha sattha 174 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/6 pariNaeNaM - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/7 175 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 576 202 jIva-ajIva tattva, kanhaiyAlAla loDhA, pR. 32 176 vahI, pR. 576 203 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/7/2 177 tattvArthasUtra, 7/16 204 pahU ejassa duguMchaNAe AyaMkadaMsI. ... jIviu. .... / 178 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/27 - vahI, 1/1/7/1 179 vahI, 1/26 205 se bemi saMti saMpAimA pANA ...... uddAyati ... / 180 vahI, 1/41 - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/7/5 181 vahI, 1/42 206 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/39 182 vahI, 1/29 207 vahI, 6/36 183 vahI, 1/21 208 taM pariNNAya mehAvI .......... ttibemi .... / 184 vahI, 1/51, pR. 47 -AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/7/5 185 sarohRdataDAga parizoSaNatA ........... eteSAM zoSaNaM 209 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 577 godhUmAdInAM vapanArtham 210 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/32 - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA, abhayadevasUri (upAsakadazAMga 211 vahI, 1/29 aura usakA zrAvakAcAra, subhASa koThArI, pR. 144 se 212 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 577 uddhRt)| 213 vaNassaI citta maMtamakkhAyA aNegajIvA puDhosattA annattha 186 teu cittamaMtamakkhAyA aNega jIvA puDhosattA annattha sattha sattha pariNaeNaM - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/8 pariNaeNaM - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/6 214 jIva-ajIva tattva, kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA, ...pR. 42 187 vahI, 6/35 215 se bemi imapi jAidhammaya ...... vipariNAmadhammayaM 188 se bemi saMti pANA puDhaviNissiyA .......... te tattha uddAyaMti - AcArAMgasUtra 1/1/5/8 - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/4/7 216 vaNassaI vihisaMto hiMsaI u tyssie| 189 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/34 tase ya vivihe pANe cakkhuse ya ackkhuse|| 190 vahI, 6/32 - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/41 191 vahI, 6/32 217 vahI, 6/42 192 vahI, 6/34 218 vahI, 6/40 193 vahI, 6/35 219 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 577 194 taM pariNNAya mehAvI........ tti bemi 220 vanakarma ca vanaspati chedana pUrvakaMta dvikraya jIvanam - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/4/8 - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA, abhayadevasUri (upAsakadazAMga 195 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/51, pR. 47 aura usakA zrAvakAcAra, subhASa koThArI, pR. 137 se 196 vanakarma ca vanaspati chedana pUrvakaMta dvikraya jIvanam uddhRt)| - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA, abhayadevasUri (upAsakadazAMga 221 davaggidANaM davAgnervanAgne:-dANaM vitaraNaM kSetrAdi zodhanaM aura usakA zrAvakAcAra, subhASa koThArI, pR. 137 se nimittaM dAvAgni dAnamiti uddhRt)| - vahI (vahI, pR. 141 se uddhRta) 197 rasavANijye surAdi vikraya - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA, 222 tattvArthasUtra, 7/16 abhayadevasUri (vahI, pR. 139 se uddhRta) 223 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/9. jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 64 488 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #575
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 224 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 115 225 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/44 226 egaM annayaraM tasaM pANaM haNamANe aNege jIve hnni| __ - vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 9/34 227 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/43 228 vahI, 8/17 229 upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra, subhASa koThArI, pR. 82 230 viSavANijyaM jIvaghAta prayojanaM zastrAdi vikrayopalakSaNaM - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA, abhayadevasUri (upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra, subhASa koThArI, pR. 140 se uddhRt)| 231 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 578 232 jUaM majjaM maMsaM vesA pAraddhi cora pryaarN| duggai gamaNassedANi heubhUdANi paavaanni|| - vasunaMdizrAvakAcAra, pR. 59 233 jainanItizAstra eka parizIlana, A.devendramuni, pR. 232 234 nyAyopAttaM hi vittamubhayaloka hitAyate - dharmabindu, 1/4 235 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 598 236 paryAvaraNabodha, saM.DaoN.kalpanAgAMgulI, pR. 121 237 jainabhAratI (patrikA), aMka 6, jUna, 2005, pR. 31 238 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 578 239 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/4/4 240 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana, sA.DaoN.vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 592 241 merIbhAvanA, gAthA 5 evaM 10 242 bRhadkalpabhASya, 4584 243 AnaMdasvAdhyAyasaMgraha, bRhatzAMtistotra, pR. 34-38 489 adhyAya 8 : paryAvaraNa-prabandhana 65 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #576
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #577
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 9 samAja prabandhana SOCIAL MANAGEMENT e ducation temelionat For Personel & Private Use Only
Page #578
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #579
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 9 samAja-prabandhana (Social Management) Page No. Chap. Cont. 491 497 503 508 508 509 510 9.1 samAja kA svarUpa evaM samAja kA mahattva 9.2 sAmAjika saMracanA ke AdhAra para samAja ke prakAra 9.3 sAmAjika avyavasthA ke duSpariNAma 9.4 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samAja-prabandhana 9.4.1 samAja-prabandhana : eka paricaya 9.4.2 samAja-prabandhana kA mUla uddezya 9.4.3 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samAja-prabandhana kA saiddhAntika-pakSa (1) sAmAjika cetanA kA samyak vikAsa honA (2) manovRtti kI nirmalatA evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana (3) samyagdarzana evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana (4) sadbhAvanAe~ evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana (5) anekAnta evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana (6) svArtha, parArtha evaM paramArtha kA pArasparika sAmaMjasya aura sAmAjika-prabandhana (7) sAmAjika jIvana-dharma evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana (8) kAma evaM artha para niyantraNa aura sAmAjika-prabandhana (9) saMvibhAjana evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana 9.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM samAja-prabandhana ke prAyogika pakSa 9.6 niSkarSa 9.7 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 510 511 511 512 513 514 516 516 517 518 525 526 527 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #580
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #581
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 9 samAja-prabandhana (Social Management) 9.1 samAja kA svarUpa evaM samAja kA mahattva samAja mAnavIya sabhyatA kA eka purAtana AdhAra rahA hai| mAnavIya sabhyatA ke prArambha se hI samAja kA astitva dekhA jAtA hai| jainakathAsAhitya meM bhagavAn RSabhadevajI ko vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla kA prathama sAmAjika-vyavasthApaka mAnA jAtA hai| ye usa kAla meM hue, jaba vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla kA tIsarA ArA (kAlacakra kA eka khaNDavizeSa) samApti kI ora thaa| usa samaya jIvanazailI kI sthiti bigar3ane lagI thI tathA mAnavIya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karane vAle kalpavRkSoM kI zakti aura saMkhyA bhI kSINa hone lagI thii| isase Ama AdamI kI AvazyakatA pUrti ke sAdhanoM kA hrAsa hone lgaa| phalasvarUpa, AparAdhikavRtti kA janma hone lagA evaM janasaMgharSa panapane lgaa| isase pIr3ita janatA ne kSetrIya saMgaThana kI sthApanA kI, jise 'kula' ke rUpa meM pahacAnA gayA, isake mukhiyA 'kulakara' khlaae| inhoMne kramazaH 'hAkAra, mAkAra evaM dhikkAra' kI daNDanIti ke dvArA samAja ko vyavasthita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| kintu, jaba ye nItiyA~ tathA kulakara-vyavasthA bhI gar3abar3Ane lagI, taba bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apanI gRhasthAvasthA meM sAmAjika-vyavasthA ko vyavasthita karane ke lie aneka upayogI vyavasthAoM kA nirmANa kiyA aura samAja ko eka sudRr3ha, suvyavasthita evaM sumaryAdita AkAra pradAna kiyaa| Aja jo samAja vyavasthA dikhAI de rahI hai, isameM bhagavAn RSabhadevajI kA avismaraNIya yogadAna rhaa| sAmAjika suvyavasthA hetu unake dvArA sthApita kucha pramukha mArgadarzaka nItiyA~ isa prakAra 1) rAjA aura prajA ke madhya pitA-putra jaisA sambandha / 2) vividha kuloM kI sthApanA - ugra, bhoga, rAjanya evaM kSatriya / 3) nAgarika jIvana kI surakSA ke lie ArakSaka daloM kI sthaapnaa| 4) ucita maMtraNA hetu maMtrI-pariSad kA gtthn| 5) dUradarAja ke kSetroM meM rAjA kA pratinidhitva karane vAle varga kI niyukti, jaise - rAjadUta prnnaalii| 491 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #582
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6) caturaMgiNI senA evaM senApatiyoM kI vyvsthaa| 7) vivAha-paddhati kA gtthn| 8) kRSi-vyavasthA kA sthaapn| 9) pAka-vidyA kA prshikssnn| 10) kalA aura zilpa vidyA kA udbhv| 11) na kevala laukika dharma, apitu lokottara dharma kI bhI sthaapnaa| 12) AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI AcAra saMhitA kI samyak vyavasthA ityaadi|' bhagavAn RSabhadeva dvArA prabandhita ye sAmAjika vyavasthAe~ siddhAntataH Aja bhI pracalita haiN| yadyapi inameM deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para aneka parivartana hote rahe haiM, tathApi inakA mUlasvarUpa jyoM kA tyoM banA rhaa| Age, hama samAja ke svarUpa para kucha vicAra kreNge| 9.1.1 samAja kA svarUpa samAja kA sAmAnya artha varga-hita ke lie saMgaThita vyaktiyoM kA eka samUha hai, kintu yaha mAnyatA ucita pratIta nahIM hotI, kevala vyaktiyoM kA samUha samAja nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi itanA hI artha hotA to pazuoM ke jhuNDa (samUha) ko bhI samAja kahA gayA hotA, parantu yaha jJAtavya hai ki bhAratIya bhASA-vijJAniyoM ne pazuoM ke samUha ko "samAja' nahIM, apitu "samaja' zabda ke dvArA vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| vastutaH, samAja sAmAjika sambandha kI eka vyavasthA hai| isase bhI Upara uThakara dekheM, to samAja eka prakAra se vividha sAmAjika vyavasthAoM ke AdhAra para nirmita eka saMgaThana hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra, vyakti aura samAja vastutaH eka-dUsare se jur3e hue haiM, jisa prakAra vastra dhAgoM kI eka vyavasthita saMracanA hai, usI prakAra samAja bhI vyakti kI eka aisI saMracanA hai, jisameM pratyeka vyakti samAja se jur3A huA hai| vastutaH, vyakti ke abhAva meM samAja eka amUrta kalpanA hai aura samAja ke abhAva meM vyakti vyaktitvavihIna ikAI hai| ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki sAmAjika saMracanA meM vyakti aura samAja eka-dUsare se abhinna haiN| yaha satya hai ki vyaktiyoM ke samUha se samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai, lekina vyaktiyoM kI bhIr3a ko hI samAja nahIM kahA jA sktaa| sAmAjika jIvana ke kucha mUlya evaM vyavasthAe~ bhI hotI haiM, jinheM eka ora rakhakara samAja kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| ataeva yaha kahanA pUrNa nahIM hai ki samAja kevala vyaktiyoM ke sAmAjika sambandhoM kA jAla hai| sAmAjika jIvana ke mUlyoM aura AdarzoM ko sAtha meM lekara hI samAja kI samIcIna vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| jaba hama sAmAjika-prabandhana kI bAta karate haiM, to hameM yaha samajha lenA atyAvazyaka hai ki koI bhI prabandhana mUlyavihIna nahIM ho sakatA, usake kucha mUlya yA Adarza avazya hote haiN| unhIM AdarzoM ke AdhAra para hama sAmAjika-vyavasthA yA sAmAjika-prabandhana kI bAta kara sakate haiN| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva / 492 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #583
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa dRSTi se pro. Devisa kI yaha mAnyatA ucita pratIta hotI hai ki kevala sAmAjika sambandhoM kA Dhera hI samAja nahIM hotA, varan jaba sAmAjika sambandhoM kI eka vyavasthA panapatI hai, tabhI vaha samAja kahalAtA hai| sarvazrI maikAivara evaM peja ne bhI isa bAta kI puSTi kI hai| unake zabdoM meM, "samAja rItiyoM aura kAryapraNAliyoM kI, adhikAra aura sahayoga kI, samUha aura vibhAgoM kI tathA mAnava vyavahAra ke niyantraNa aura svatantratA kI eka vyavasthA hai|" jainAcAryoM ne bhI sadaiva mUlya evaM Adarza se yukta vyaktiyoM ke samUha ko hI samAja kahA hai| unhoMne samAja ke lie 'saMgha' zabda kA prayoga karate hue yaha kahA hai ki saMgha guNoM kA ekatrita rUpa hai| yaha pApakarmoM se chuTakArA dilAne vAlA hai, rAga aura dveSa se mukta karane vAlA hai aura sabhI jIvoM ke prati samAna vyavahAra karane vAlA hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM samAja ko kevala vyaktiyoM ke samUha ke rupa meM hI nahIM, apitu mUlyaparaka vyavasthA ke rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai| svayaM 'saMgha' zabda bhI isa bAta ko iMgita karatA hai ki vaha tor3ane nahIM, apitu jor3ane kA kArya karatA hai (saMghAta iti sNghH)|" vastutaH jainadarzana meM saMgha yA samAja ko vyakti ke UrdhvamukhI vikAsa ke lie eka vyavasthA ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| jahA~ vikAsa athavA mUlya nahIM ho, vahA~ jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM samAja yA saMgha kA astitva hI sambhava nahIM hai| saMgha (samAja) ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue nandIsUtra ke prArambha meM kahA gayA hai - "saMghamerU kA madhyabhAga ratnatraya se dedIpyamAna hai, ahiMsAdi pA~ca zIla kI sugandha se surabhita hai, tapa se zobhAyamAna hai tathA dvAdazAMga rUpI uttuMga zikhara se yukta hai, ina vizeSaNoM se saMgha kI vilakSaNatA dRSTigata hai|' isI AdhAra para hama sAmAjika-prabandhana kI bAta Age kreNge| kintu yaha sAmAjika-prabandhana kauna karegA aura kaise karegA, yaha eka vicAraNIya viSaya rahA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM sAmAjika-prabandhana kI jo bAta kahI jAtI hai, usake lie sabase pahale vyakti aura samAja ke pArasparika sambandha ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hai| isa viSaya meM do prakAra kI vicAradhArAe~ haiN| pahalI ke anusAra, vyakti hI samAja kI mahattvapUrNa ikAI hai, ataH vyakti ke sudhAra se hI sAmAjika-sudhAra arthAt sAmAjika-prabandhana ho sakatA hai| kintu dUsarI ke anusAra, samAja adhika mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki samAja adhika vyApaka hai, isameM samAhita hokara vyakti ke vyaktitva kI koI alaga pahacAna nahIM hotii| isa prakAra vyakti isa artha meM bar3A hai ki vaha samAja-racanA kA mUla AdhAra hai aura samAja isa artha meM bar3A hai ki vaha vyakti kA Azraya hai| jainadarzana ke pariprekSya meM hama kevala ekAMgI dRSTikoNa rakhakara samAja-prabandhana kI bAta nahIM kara skte| yaha satya hai ki vyakti sAmAjika saMgaThana kI eka mahattvapUrNa ikAI hai, kintu vyakti samAja-nirapekSa nahIM hai, vyakti kA vyaktitva samAja-sApekSa hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti kA vyaktitva samAja kI dena hai arthAt samAja se nirmita hai| vastutaH, kore vyaktivAda athavA kore samAjavAda ke bajAya vyaktivAdI samAja aura samAjavAdI vyakti hI adhika upayukta hai| hameM anekAnta dRSTi ke dvArA pahala karanI cAhie, jisase vyakti aura samAja donoM kA kalyANa ho ske| ataH adhyAya 9 : samAja-prabandhana 493 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #584
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAmAjika-prabandhana eka doharI vyavasthA hai| eka ora hameM vyakti ko AdhAra banAnA hogA, to dUsarI ora sAmAjika vyavasthA aura mUlyoM ko bhI mahattva denA hogaa| sAmAjika mUlyoM kI nizrA meM hI vyakti ke vyaktitva kA vikAsa hogA aura aise vyaktitvavAn vyaktiyoM kI pArasparika antaHkriyAoM (Interaction) se hI svastha samAja kI saMracanA ho skegii| 9.1.2 samAja kA mahattva " samAja manuSya kI eka mahAn upalabdhi hai, jise na to mUrta rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai aura na hI hAthoM se chuA jA sakatA hai, ise to kevala mahasUsa hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| zrI yuTara ke anusAra, jisa prakAra jIvana koI vastu nahIM, apitu jIvita rahane kI eka prakriyA hai, usI prakAra samAja bhI koI vastu nahIM, apitu pArasparika sambandha sthApita karane kI eka prakriyA hai / 11 kintu Aja vyakti bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha meM samAja ke mahattva ko anadekhA kara svayaM apanA hI ahita kara rahA hai| ataH sAmAjika - prabandhana kI cetanA ko jAgrata karane ke lie samAja kI nimnalikhita upayogitA ko samajhanA Avazyaka jAtA hai| (1) vyakti ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka janma se mRtyu taka vyakti sAmAjika-vyavasthA para nirbhara rahatA hai| zaizava-kAla, yauvanAvasthA evaM vRddhAvasthA Adi sabhI avasthAoM meM vyakti ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa meM samAja kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hotA hai / vyakti meM pAzavika vRttiyoM kA vinAza evaM mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa karane meM sAmAjika - mArgadarzana apanA prabhAva DAlate haiM / vyakti ke vyaktitva evaM vyavahAra para sAmAjika mAnyatAoM kA gaharA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| (2) AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti evaM samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM sahAyaka manuSya kI anekAneka AvazyakatAe~ haiM, jinakI pUrtti vaha svayaM nahIM kara sakatA, ataH use samAja evaM usake sadasyoM para Azrita honA par3atA hai| jIvana kI mUlabhUta AvazyakatAe~ to sirpha roTI, kapar3A aura makAna mAnI jAtI hai, kintu inake atirikta bhI vyakti kI sukha-suvidhA evaM sammAna se yukta jIvana kI aneka AvazyakatAe~ hotI haiM, jinameM samAja hI sahAyaka hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM, dharma kI utpatti evaM usase prApta hone vAle AdhyAtmika sukha ke lie bhI vaha samAja para nirbhara rahatA hai| samAja ke sAMskRtika mUlyoM, dharmagranthoM evaM upAsanA paddhatiyoM ke sahAre vaha AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA hai| -- kevala AvazyakatA kI pUrti hI nahIM, apitu jIvana kI vividha samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM bhI samAja mArgadarzana karatA hai| vastutaH, samasyAoM ke kAraNa evaM nivAraNa kA jJAna sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi se hI prApta hotA hai| - (3) zikSA kA sampUrNa sAdhana jJAna manuSya kI amUlya pUMjI hai, vaha ise samAja kI pAThazAlA se hI prApta karatA hai aura isase jIvana ko sa~vArane kA prayatna karatA hai / samAja se prApta zikSA ke 4 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva - For Personal & Private Use Only 494
Page #585
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dvArA vyakti acche evaM bure karmoM ke antara ko samajha pAtA hai aura yaha samajha hI usake vyavahAra kA mApadaNDa hai| grahaNAtmaka (saiddhAntika ) zikSA evaM AsevanAtmaka (prAyogika) zikSA donoM ke lie vyakti ko samAja para hI nirbhara honA par3atA hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki zikSA ke sampUrNa sAdhanoM kI prApti meM samAja kI ahama bhUmikA hai| vyakti janma se ( 4 ) samAjIkaraNa meM sahAyaka sAmAjika nahIM hotA, kintu samAja meM rahakara vaha samAjIkaraNa kI prakriyA ke dvArA sAmAjika bana jAtA hai| mAtA-pitA, kuTumbI, gurujana, sAthiyoM Adi ke dvArA sAmAjika mUlyoM evaM mAnyatAoM kI sIkha bacapana se hI prArambha ho jAtI hai aura satata bar3hatI jAtI hai| isase vyakti zanaiH-zanai: sAmAjika hotA jAtA hai| (5) naitika guNoM ke vikAsa evaM saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa meM sahAyaka manuSya kA AcaraNa hI manuSya kI zreSThatA kA pratibimba hai / parantu manuSya kA AcaraNa tabhI zreSTha ho sakatA hai, jaba usameM mAnavatA, dayA, karuNA, tyAga, sahiSNutA jaise naitika guNoM evaM sAMskRtika mUlyoM kA vikAsa ho| isa hetu manuSya samAja kA RNI hai, kyoMki samAja ke mahAn RSiyoM, muniyoM, tapasviyoM, manISiyoM evaM sudhArakoM ne una Adarza pratimAnoM (Standards) kI sthApanA kI hai, jo samAja ke pratyeka vyakti ke lie patha-pradarzaka haiN| inake AdarzoM evaM upadezoM kA Alambana lekara vyakti apanA naitika kalyANa kara sakatA hai| - (6) AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM sahAyaka jahA~ samAja gRhasthocita sambandhoM ke ucita nirvahana meM sahayoga detA hai, vahIM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie bhI sAdhanabhUta hotA hai| samAja se hI vyakti ko bhautika sukhoM kI tucchatA tathA Atmika sukhoM kI utkRSTatA kA jJAna prApta hotA hai / vaha yaha samajha pAtA hai ki zarIra aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna haiM, rAgAdi duHkha rUpa haiM aura inase nivRtti ke sAdhana sukha rUpa haiN| isI jJAna ke bala para vaha vairAgya bhAvanA se vAsita hokara samAja ( pravRtti) se asamAja (nivRtti) arthAt saMga se asaMga dazA kI ora Age bar3hatA hai| isa prakAra mukti ke prayAsoM meM samAja kA sahayoga asAdhAraNa hai / isI apekSA se jainadarzana meM samAja ko 'tIrtha' zabda se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai (tIryate saMsAra - sAgaro yena tat tIrtham) / kahA bhI gayA hai| yaha saMsAra samudra ke samAna hai aura saMgha (samAja) tIrtha rUpa hai arthAt saMsAra se tirane kA mAdhyama hai| isameM maujUda sAdhugaNa tirAne vAle (tAraka) haiM aura samyak jJAna, dRSTi evaM AcaraNa tirane ke aMtaraMga sAdhana haiN| 12 (7) AtmAbhivyakti kA sAdhana jIvana kI yAtrA meM AtmAbhivyakti arthAt antarAtmA kI AvAja kA apanA mahattva hai| yaha samAja meM ghaTita ghaTanAoM ke prati banAe gae dRSTikoNa yA anubhava para AdhArita hotI / samAja kI kucha ghaTanAe~ hamArI saMvedanAoM ko gaharAI taka prabhAvita karatI haiM, jisase hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki ghaTanA kA acchA pakSa kyA hai aura burA kyA ? ina bhAvAtmaka saMvedanoM se hI hama sakArAtmaka ghaTanAoM ke prati AkarSita aura nakArAtmaka ghaTanAoM se vikarSita hote 495 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 5
Page #586
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ haiN| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki samAja hI AtmAbhivyakti kA preraka tattva hai| isa prakAra, Aja jo sAmAjika vyavasthAoM kI upekSA dikhAI de rahI hai, yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jaise vyakti ke binA samAja kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, vaise hI samAja ke binA vyakti kA jIvana-yApana nahIM ho sktaa| vastutaH, vyakti kA jIvana samAja se atyanta prabhAvita hai| ataH use sAmAjika-prabandhana ko jIvana kA Avazyaka evaM anivArya dAyitva mAnanA caahie| use yaha mahasUsa karanA hogA ki samAja ke hita meM vyakti kA hita aura vyakti ke hita meM samAja kA hita hotA hai| samAja aura vyakti ke pArasparika kartavya __ uparyukta dRSTi ke AdhAra para pAzcAtya vicAraka breDale kA kathana hai ki 'vyakti ke vyaktitva ke pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAjika jIvana meM usakA eka sthAna banatA hai aura usa sthAna ke anurUpa usake kucha dAyitva bhI hote haiN| 13 sAmAjika-prabandhana ke lie ye Avazyaka hai ki vyakti sAmAjika-vyavasthA ke antargata apane sthAna ko samajhakara apane dAyitvoM kA pAlana kre| ataH samyak samAja-prabandhana ke lie yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki vyakti aura samAja kA pArasparika karttavya kisa prakAra kA hai? vastutaH jainadRSTi ke anusAra, samAja se pRthak vyakti kA koI sthAna nahIM hotA aura vyaktiyoM se pRthak samAja kA koI astitva nahIM hotaa| ye donoM mUlya-kendrita vyavasthA ke dvArA eka-dUsare se abhinna rUpa se jur3e rahate haiN| inheM eka-dUsare se pRthak dekhA to jA sakatA hai, lekina pRthak kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| Aja jo sAmAjika avyavasthA dikhAI de rahI hai. usakA mala kAraNa hI yaha hai vyakti sAmAjika-mUlyoM aura AdarzoM ko eka ora rakhakara mAtra apanI svArthapUrti meM lagA huA hai| vastutaH, yaha ucita hogA ki vyakti apane svahita kA dhyAna to rakhe, kintu lokahita se nirapekSa hokara svahita karane kA prayAsa na kre| jaina anekAnta-dRSTi yaha mAnatI hai ki saphala sAmAjika jIvana ke lie svahita aura parahita donoM sApekSa haiM, jo eka-dUsare para nirbhara haiN| tadanusAra, sAmAjika avyavasthA ke duSpariNAma vyakti ko bhugatane par3ate haiM aura vyakti kI svArthamayI dRSTi sAmAjika-vyavasthA ko cUra-cUra kara detI hai| jainadarzana kA yaha kahanA hai ki vyakti samAja kA ghaTaka hai, ataH use cAhie ki vaha svahita ke sAtha samAjahita kA ucita samanvaya kare, vaha samAja meM apane sthAna (Status) ko samyaktayA samajhe aura apane sthAna ke anurUpa apane ucita karttavyoM kA bhI pAlana kre| isa prakAra, jainadharma nivRtti-paraka hote hue bhI saMghIya-dharma hai| isakI mAnyatA yaha hai ki vyakti aura samAja paraspara sApekSa haiM aura jo sAmAjika mUlya haiM, unameM na kevala samAja kA hita hai, apitu vyakti kA bhI hita samAhita hai, kyoMki vyakti aura samAja anyonyAzrita haiN| =====4.>===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 496 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #587
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 9.2 sAmAjika saMracanA ke AdhAra para samAja ke prakAra manuSya apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie anya manuSyoM se pArasparika sambandha sthApita karatA hai, jise samAja kahA jAtA hai| parantu yaha samAja bhI koI akhaNDa vyavasthA nahIM hai, apitu anekAneka ikAiyoM kA eka vyavasthita rUpa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, samAja parivAroM, saMsthAoM, samitiyoM, samUhoM Adi aneka ikAiyoM kA sammilita rUpa hai| isase bhI Upara uThakara dekheM, to samAja ina vibhinna ikAiyoM meM hone vAlI antaHkriyAoM (Interaction) se utpanna sambandhoM kA eka saMgaThana hai| 4 kisI bhI sAmAjika saMgaThana kA mUla AdhAra usakI sAmAjika saMracanA hai| sAmAjika saMracanA kA sambandha sAmAjika saMgaThana kI vividha ikAiyoM - samUhoM, saMsthAoM, samitiyoM Adi ke prakAra evaM inake samuccaya (saMkula/Complex) se hai|15 ___zrI pArsansa ke anusAra, "sAmAjika saMracanA paraspara sambandhita saMsthAoM, samitiyoM tathA sAmAjika mAnakoM aura sAtha hI pratyeka sadasya dvArA grahaNa kie gae padoM tathA kAryoM kI viziSTa vyavasthA (Arrangement) ko kahate haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki sAmAjika saMracanA sAmAjika aMgoM yA ikAiyoM kI eka viziSTa vyavasthA hai| ye ikAiyA~ bikhare rUpa meM yA alaga-alaga rahakara mUlyahIna ho jAtI haiM, kintu jaise hI inameM eka pArasparika sambandha banatA hai aura isake AdhAra para eka nizcita vyavasthA kA nirmANa hotA hai, vaise hI ye ikAiyA~ sammilita rUpa se sAmAjika saMracanA kahalAtI haiN| sAmAjika saMracanA ke antargata pratyeka sadasya yA ikAI ke kucha nizcita sthAna (pada) tathA kArya (dAyitva) hote haiM, jinakA nirvAha use samAja-prabandhana hetu karanA hotA hai| vartamAna pariveza meM yaha sAmAjika-saMracanA hameM vividha sAmAjika saMgaThanoM, vidhAnasabhAoM, saMsada Adi ke rUpa meM dikhAI detI 9.2.1 sAmAjika saMracanA kI vizeSatAe~ sAmAjika-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM sAmAjika-saMracanA kI nimna vizeSatAe~ haiM - 1) yaha eka vyavasthA hai aura jaba isa vyavasthA ke anurUpa pratyeka sadasya apanA-apanA dAyitva ucita DhaMga se nibhAtA hai, taba vaha avasthA sAmAjika-saMgaThana yA prabandhana kahalAtI hai, kintu aisA na hone para sAmAjika vighaTana kI sthiti paidA ho jAtI hai|" 2) sAmAjika saMracanA parivartanazIla hai, isameM deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para sadasyoM kI sthiti (Status) aura kArya (Role) meM parivartana AtA rahatA hai| 3) sAmAjika saMracanA jitanI sucAru rUpa se pada evaM dAyitva kA vitaraNa karatI hai, sAmAjika saMgaThana utanA hI adhika majabUta banatA hai| 4) sAmAjika saMracanA apekSAkRta sthAyI vyavasthA hai, kyoMki isameM vidyamAna parivArAdi ikAiyoM tathA inake pArasparika sambandhoM meM sAmAnyatayA sthAyitva pAyA jAtA hai|20 adhyAya 9 : samAja-prabandhana 497 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #588
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5) isakI ikAiyoM meM kArya-praNAlI kA eka viziSTa krama hotA hai| isa kArya-praNAlI ke abhAva meM kevala ikAiyoM ke jhuNDa mAtra se sAmAjika saMracanA nahIM bana jAtI, jaise - IMTa, cUne evaM patthara ke Dhera se hI makAna nahIM bana jaataa| isase spaSTa hai ki sAmAjika saMracanA sAmAjika-prabandhana kA eka Avazyaka tattva hai| yadi vyakti ucita sAmAjika saMracanA kA nirmANa kare aura ucita bhUmikA meM kArya karate hue ucita DhaMga se apanA dAyitva nirvAha kare, to vaha jIvana ko nirantara pragati ke patha para agrasara kara sakatA hai aura isa prakAra sAmAjika saMgaThana kA stara U~cA uTha sakatA hai| vastutaH, yahI sAmAjika-prabandhana kA santulita evaM suvyavasthita rUpa hai| sAmAjika saMracanA kI bAta jaba AtI hai, taba cintana kI vividha paddhatiyoM kA janma sahaja hI ho jAtA hai aura jahA~ cintanazIlatA hotI hai, vahA~ prabandhana kA sambandha bhI sahaja ho jAtA hai| kisI vyakti ke lie sAmAjika saMracanA meM nimnalikhita bindu cintana ke viSaya bana sakate haiM - 1) uddezya kA nirdhAraNa karanA, jisakI pUrti ke lie sAmAjika ikAiyoM kA paraspara sambandha banAnA par3a rahA ho| 2) sAmAjika saMracanA ke lie ucita ikAiyoM kA grahaNa karanA aura anucita ikAiyoM kA tyAga krnaa| 3) cayana kI gaI ikAiyoM meM se pratyeka kI sthiti evaM kAryoM kA nirdhAraNa krnaa| 4) jo ikAiyA~ bhalI-bhA~ti kArya nahIM kara rahI hoM, unheM kArya ke prati prerita krnaa| yadi ve phira bhI kArya na kareM, to unheM niSkAsita krnaa| isa prakAra, sAmAjika saMracanA vAstava meM sAmAjika-prabandhana kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai, jina para sAmAjika evaM vaiyaktika saphalatA kI prApti nirbhara hai| 9.2.2 samAja ke vibhinna rUpa yA prakAra sAmAnyatayA samAja do arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai - vyApaka artha (Macro Level) meM aura sImita artha (Micro Level) meN| vyApaka artha meM samAja sampUrNa mAnava samAja hai, jisake antargata sabhI samudAyoM, samitiyoM, saMsthAoM Adi kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, kintu sImita artha meM samAja kisI vizeSa prayojanoM se saMgaThita hue logoM ke bIca pArasparika sambandha kA sUcaka hai, jaise - parivAra, kAryAlaya, vidyAlaya Adi / jahA~ taka vyApaka samAja kI bAta hai, vahA~ sAmAjika saMracanA bhI vyApaka hotI hai, kintu sImita samAja ke viSaya meM sAmAjika saMracanA bhI sImita hotI hai| sImita sAmAjika saMracanA kA artha yaha huA ki eka hI vyakti vividha sAmAjika saMracanAoM kI ikAI bhI ho sakatA hai aura apane pratyeka uddezya kI pUrti ke lie vividha ikAiyoM se sambandha sthApita bhI kara sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha, jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 498 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #589
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhArata ke bhUtapUrva rASTrapati DaoN. abdula kalAma AjAda eka vaijJAnika, rAjanayika, samAja-sevaka evaM dhArmika-samAja se sambaddha vyakti haiN| cU~ki jIvana-prabandhana kA sambandha vyakti ke vyaktigata jIvana se jur3A hai, ataH sImita sAmAjika saMracanA ke AdhAra para hI hameM samAja ko samajhanA hogaa| isa dRSTi se, eka vyakti aneka samUhoM, samitiyoM, saMsthAoM Adi kA sadasya (ikAI) ho sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, eka vyakti kA sambandha aneka choTe-choTe samAjoM se ho sakatA hai| sAmAjika-prabandhana kI samagratA tabhI hogI, jaba vyakti apane sambaddha vividha samAjoM meM ucita santulana evaM tAlamela sthApita kare, anyathA usakI pragati sandigdha ho jAegI, jaise - eka vyakti parivAra meM pati hai, to kAryAlaya meM cpraasii| yadi vaha jaisA vyavahAra patnI ke sAtha karatA hai, vaisA hI yadi adhikArI ke sAtha karegA, to usakA kAryAlayIna samAja asantulita ho jAegA aura parokSa rUpa se kAryAlaya kA roSa evaM kSobha parivAra para bhI Ane lgegaa| kisI bhI vyakti kA anekAneka samAjoM ke sAtha sambandha ho sakatA hai, jaise - pArivArika zaikSaNika, Arthika, rAjanItika, dhArmika, audyogika, prazAsanika ityaadi| merI dRSTi meM, jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM ina samasta samAjoM kA tIna mukhya samAjoM meM antarbhAva ho sakatA hai - pArivArika saMsthA (Family Institution) * dhArmika saMsthA (Religious Institution) laukika saMsthA (Worldly Institution) (1) pArivArika saMsthA - parivAra samAja kI prArambhika yA mUla ikAI hai| prasiddha samAjazAstrI eNDarasana ke anusAra - "parivAra kA eka rUpa vaha hai, jisameM hama janma lete haiM aura dUsarA rUpa vaha hai, jisameM hama baccoM ko janma dete haiN|"23 barjesa evaM laoNka ke anusAra - 'parivAra vyaktiyoM kA samUha hai, jo vivAha, rakta athavA goda lene ke sambandhoM dvArA saMghaTita hai, jo eka gahasthI kA nirmANa karate haiM, eka-dUsare se pati aura patnI, mAtA aura pitA, putra aura putrI, bhAI aura bahana ke rUpa meM antaHkriyAe~ (Interaction) karate haiM aura eka samAna saMskRti kA sRjana tathA rakha-rakhAva karate haiN|' DaoN. majUmadAra ke anusAra - "parivAra aise vyaktiyoM kA samUha hai, jo eka makAna meM rahate haiM, rakta dvArA sambandhita haiM tathA sthAna, svArtha aura pArasparika karttavyabodha ke AdhAra para samAna hone kI cetanA yA bhAvanA rakhate haiN|"25 'parivAra meM rahane kI kalA' nAmaka prasiddha pustaka meM parivAra ko saralatA se paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bahana, pati-patnI, santAna, dAmAda, putravadhu Adi najadIka ke pArivArika sadasya haiM, to dAdA-dAdI, nAnA-nAnI, mAmA-mAmI, bhatIjA-bhatIjI, bhAnajA-bhAnajI, cAcA-tAU Adi parijana dUra ke pArivArika sadasya haiN| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vivakSA kI bhinnatA hone ke bAvajUda bhI sabhI paribhASAoM kA mUla kathya prAyaH samAna hai| 499 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #590
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yadyapi parivAra kA AkAra sImita hai, phira bhI yaha sarvavyApaka (Universal) hai, kyoMki binA parivAra ke kisI bhI mAnava yA mAnava-samAja kI kalpanA bhI asambhava hai| parivAra isalie bhI mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki vyakti ke vyaktitva para sabase adhika prabhAva parivAra kA hI par3atA hai| yahI mUlyoM evaM AdarzoM kA prasAra karane vAlI saMsthA hai| isameM jIne vAle vyakti bhale hI saMkhyA meM alpa hoM, kintu unakA uttaradAyitva asIma hotA hai, jo kabhI-kabhI to mRtyuparyanta banA rahatA hai|" Age, gaharAI se isake samyaka prabandhana kA vivecana jainadRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para kiyA jaaegaa| (2) dhArmika saMsthA - dharma samAja kI dUsarI mahattvapUrNa ikAI hai| isakA apanA eka ativyApaka svarUpa hai, kahIM isake jJAnAtmaka pakSa to kahIM isake bhAvAtmaka yA saMkalpAtmaka (kriyAtmaka) pakSa kI carcA milatI hai| kahIM yaha AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa kA paricAyaka hotA hai to kahIM sAmAjika dRSTikoNa kaa|28 sAmAjika sandarbha meM bhI dharma kI mahattA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| isane mAnava kI sAmAjika pravRtti ko sudRr3ha kiyA hai| isa dhArmika vizvAsa ke sAtha ki saba AtmAe~ samAna haiM (ege AyA),29 mAnava ne Apasa meM prema, sahayoga evaM sadbhAva se rahanA zuru kiyaa| dharma upadezakoM ne mAnava ko ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha kI zikSA dI aura isa prakAra samAja meM bhAIcAre kI bhAvanA ne janma liyaa| spaSTa hai ki dharma ne mAnava ke samakSa kucha naitika aura dhArmika mUlyoM ko sthApita kara sampUrNa mAnava-samAja ko bhAvanAtmaka ekatA ke sUtra meM bA~dhane kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| dharma zabda 'dhR' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai - dhAraNa krnaa| isa artha meM dharma vaha tattva hai, jo krodha, kaluSatA, vaira, vaimanasya meM girate hue prANI ko rokatA hai aura zAnti evaM Ananda ke sanmArga para le jAtA hai| isI prakAra aMgrejI bhASA meM dharma ko rilIjana' (Religion) kahate haiM, jo leTina zabda ri-ligeyara (Re-ligare) se banA hai| 'ri' kA artha hai - 'punaH' aura 'ligeyara' kA artha hai - 'bA~dhanA' sAmAjika sandarbha meM yaha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki ekatA ke sUtra meM bA~dhe jAne vAle do pakSa mUla rUpa meM eka hI the, kintu asthAyI rUpa se alaga ho gae, ataH unheM punaH ekasUtra meM jor3anA hI 'dharma' hai| isa prakAra 'dharma' zabda svayaM hI ekatA aura sAmaMjasya kA sUcaka hai|" yadyapi dharma ke nAma ko lekara hindu, muslima, sikkha, IsAI, jaina, bauddha, pArasI Adi alaga-alaga rUpa haiM, tathApi dharma ke mUla tattva eka hI haiN| pratyeka dharma meM kisI na kisI paramazakti (Ultimate power) para vizvAsa kiyA gayA hai, sabhI meM dUsaroM ke prati dhArmika sahiSNutA ko mahattva diyA gayA hai, pratyeka dharma meM mandira, masjida, gurudvArA, girajAghara, agyArI Adi kisI na kisI upAsanA sthala ko svIkArA gayA hai, vividha anuSThAna evaM karmakANDa bhI sabakI vizeSatAe~ haiM, sabhI dharmoM meM vizva-bhrAtRtva kI bhAvanA ko jagAyA gayA hai (vasudhaiva kuTumbakam) aura sabhI dharmoM kA parama-lakSya burAiyoM se mukti aura acchAiyoM kI prApti hai|2 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 500 10 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #591
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMkSipta meM, samAja para dharma ke prabhAva nimna binduoM se parilakSita hote haiM - 1) dharma sAmAjika sadbhAvanAoM ko protsAhana detA hai| 2) dharma sAmAjika niyantraNa kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai| 3) dharma samAja kalyANa (sevA) kI dizA meM prerita karatA hai| 4) dharma mAnava-santoSa kA zaktizAlI mAdhyama hai| 5) dharma kalAtmaka abhiruciyoM kA preraNA srota hai| pratyeka dhArmika saMsthA ko usake mUlabhUta ghaTakoM (anuyAyiyoM) ke AdhAra para pahacAnA jAtA hai| vastutaH, ve sabhI vyakti, jo kisI dharmavizeSa (hindu, bauddha, jaina Adi) kI dArzanika mAnyatAoM, AcAra-niyamoM, upAsanA paddhatiyoM ke prati niSThAvAn hote haiM, dhArmika saMsthA ke ghaTaka bana jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha, jaina-paramparA meM dharma ke do mukhya vibhAga haiM - ka) anagAra dharma arthAt muni dharma yA zramaNa dharma aura kha) AgAra dharma arthAt gRhastha dharma yA zrAvaka dhrm| 33 ina dharmoM kA pAlana karane vAle niSThAvAn anuyAyiyoM ko jainadharma meM zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH ye cAroM pRthak-pRthak na hokara paraspara sambandhita hote haiM aura udArabhAvoM se naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM eka-dUsare ke sahayogI banate haiN| yadyapi sAdhanA ke stara kI apekSA zramaNa-zramaNI zreSTha haiM aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko pratibodha (hitopadeza) dete haiM, tathApi zrAvaka-zrAvikA bhI unheM sAdhanAnukUla sahayoga pradAna karate haiM aura isIlie ye unake mAtA-pitA ke tulya mAne jAte haiN| isa prakAra ye cAroM ghaTaka - zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA , jo caturvidha saMgha kahalAte haiM,5 jainadharma paramparA ke AdhAra-stambha haiN| inheM jIvanta dharmatIrtha kI upamA bhI dI gaI hai| pratyeka dhArmika saMsthA, apane-apane anuyAyiyoM evaM unake pArasparika sambandhoM kI nIMva para TikI hai, jisameM samaya-samaya para kaI vikRtiyA~ yA visaMgatiyA~ bhI paidA ho jAtI haiN| inakA gaharAI se vizleSaNa tathA inake prabandhana ke sUtroM kA vivecana jainadRSTi se Age kiyA jaaegaa| (3) laukika saMsthA - yaha samAja kI tIsarI, kintu atyanta vyApaka ikAI hai| pratidina ke jIvana meM vyakti parivAra evaM dharma ke dAyare ke atirikta bhI aneka vyaktiyoM, saMsthAoM, samitiyoM Adi se sambandha banAtA hai| ye sabhI sammilita rUpa se laukika samAja kahe jA sakate haiN| isa laukika saMsthA ke antargata aneka saMsthAe~ hotI haiM, jinase vyakti kA pArasparika sambandha nirmita hotA hai, ye isa prakAra haiM - (ka) Arthika saMsthA - manuSya jIvana kI aneka AvazyakatAe~ haiM, jinakI pUrti ke lie vyakti ko utpAdana, vinimaya, vitaraNa evaM niveza se sambandhita aneka Arthika kArya karane hote haiN| ina Arthika kAryoM ke samucita saMcAlana ke lie vyakti udyoga, vyApAra, sevA-kArya, baiMka Adi saMsthAoM kA nirmANa karatA hai| 501 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #592
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ varttamAna meM ina saMsthAoM ke saMcAlana ke lie mukhyatayA do vyavasthAe~ pracalita haiM pUMjIvAdI evaM smaajvaadii| kintu donoM kI apanI-apanI kamiyA~ bhI haiM, pahalI vyavasthA meM vyakti pradhAna hai, to samAja gauNa hai aura dUsarI meM samAja pradhAna hai, to vyakti kI yogyatA ko mahattva nahIM milatA / (kha) rAjanItika evaM nyAyika saMsthAe~ pratyeka vyakti kA jIvana pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se sarakAra, prazAsana, pulisa, nyAyAlaya Adi saMsthAoM se sambaddha rahatA hai / vaha inake mAdhyama se apanI, apane parivAra kI evaM apanI sampatti kI surakSA Adi kArya karavAtA hai athavA svayaM ina saMsthAoM meM kAryarata rahakara anya nAgarikoM ke jIvanopayogI kAryoM meM ucita sahayogI banatA hai 1 (ga) zaikSaNika saMsthA pratyeka vyakti ke lie zikSA eka anivArya AvazyakatA bana cukI hai| Aja vyakti sirpha sAkSara banakara hI santuSTa nahIM, apitu ucca - adhyayana ke lie bhI samarpita hai| isa hetu vaha skUla, kaoNleja, TreniMga senTara, kociMga klAsa Adi anekAneka zaikSaNika saMsthAoM se sambaddha rahatA hai / vaha kevala aupacArika zikSA hI nahIM, apitu mitra, par3osI Adi ke sAtha vyavahAra karate hue anaupacArika zikSA kI prApti bhI karatA hai| 37 - (gha) sAMskRtika saMsthA manuSya apane AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNa se sambaddha hotA hai aura sAMskRtika saMsthA kA nirmANa karatA hai| isa saMsthA ke dvArA vaha kalA, prathA, paramparA, rIti-rivAja, rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna, manoraMjana Adi anekAneka sAMskRtika pahaluoM kA AdAna-pradAna karatA hai| isa saMskRti se vaha atyanta prabhAvita rahatA hai / varttamAna meM sAMskRtika saMsthAoM kI kucha mahattvapUrNa upalabdhiyA~ haiM - 12 - vaizvIkaraNa (Globalization) nijIkaraNa (Privatization) udArIkaraNa (Liberalisation) bhautikavAdI saMskRti (Materialism) udhAravAdI saMskRti (Loan Culture) Culture) isa prakAra, vyakti anekAneka saMsthAoM se sambaddha rahatA huA apanA jIvana-yApana karatA hai / yadyapi vaha samAja ke sahayoga se jIvana ko vikAsonmukhI banAnA cAhatA hai, tathApi vaha kucha aisI visaMgatiyoM se grasta ho jAtA hai, jinase usakA jIvana na svahita meM upayogI bana pAtA hai aura na hI samAjahita meN| ina donoM ke calate vaha apane pAramArthika-hita (Atma-kalyANa) se bhI vaMcita raha jAtA hai| - Age, ina visaMgatiyoM evaM unake duSpariNAmoM kI carcA kI jA rahI hai| upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti (Consumerism ) zaharIkaraNa (Urbanization) mahAnagarIya saMskRti (Metropolitan Culture) nirmANa saMskRti (Cement - Concrete Jungle jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 502
Page #593
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 9.3 sAmAjika avyavasthA ke duSpariNAma Adhunika yuga meM sAmAjika visaMgati (Social Anomic) kI avadhAraNA kA bahuta mahattva hai| jaba samAja ke sthApita mUlyoM evaM AdarzoM aura navIna parivartita mUlyoM evaM AdarzoM ke bIca tAlamela yA saMgati nahIM ho pAtI, taba samAja kI usa dazA ko sAmAjika visaMgati yA niyamahInatA kI sthiti kahA jAtA hai| zrI duH/ma ke anusAra, 'vyakti kI samAja se aneka AzAe~ evaM AvazyakatAe~ hotI haiM, kintu jaba ye pUrI nahIM hotI, to vyakti meM nirAzA, asantoSa evaM badale kI bhAvanA panapa jAtI hai aura vaha samAja dvArA sthApita niyamoM ko asvIkAra kara detA hai tathA isa prakAra se vyavahAra karatA hai ki usakA yaha vyavahAra visaMgati yA niyamahInatA kA paricAyaka bana jAtA hai|"38 jaba samAja meM visaMgati utpanna hotI hai, taba isakA prabhAva samAja kI saMgaThanAtmaka vyavasthA para bhI par3atA hai| sAmAjika saMgaThana meM darAreM Ane lagatI haiM aura sAmAjika-vighaTana kA bIjAropaNa hone lagatA hai| pratyeka vyakti aura samUha apane-apane svArthoM kI adhikatama pUrti karane meM laga jAtA hai, jisase vaha sAmUhika hitoM kI ora jarA bhI dhyAna nahIM de paataa| aisI sthiti meM vyakti aura samUhoM kI ekamatatA (Concensus) naSTa ho jAtI hai aura adhikAMza vyakti sAmAjika viSayoM evaM samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA prayatna hI nahIM krte| isase sAmAjika-vighaTana kI sthiti aura adhika tejI se bar3hane lagatI hai| samAja eka jaTila (Complex) vyavasthA hai| jaba-jaba bhI isameM sAmAjika vighaTana kI gati tIvra hotI hai, taba-taba isakA duSpariNAma ekAMgI nahIM, apitu samagra rUpa se dikhAI detA hai| jahA~ eka ora vyakti kA vyaktitva TUTane lagatA hai aura parivAra meM tanAva evaM manamuTAva kI sthiti nirmita hotI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora samudAya meM hiMsA, AgajanI, tor3a-phor3a, bekArI, kAlAbAjArI, bhraSTAcArAdi panapane lagate haiN| phalataH sampUrNa sAmAjika vyavasthA caramarAne lagatI hai| Aja vyakti bhale hI bhautika unnati ke kIrtimAna sthApita kara rahA hai, lekina naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyahInatA bhI apane carama utkarSa para hai aura isake pariNAma bhI sAmane dikhAI de rahe haiN| Aja kI sAmAjika avyavasthA ke kucha mukhya duSpariNAma isa prakAra haiM - (1) saMyukta parivAra kA vighaTana - saMyukta parivAra praNAlI bhArata kI Adarza vyavasthA rahI hai, jo prAyaH vizva meM anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| kintu, Aja yaha praNAlI tejI se TUTa rahI hai aura ekala parivAra praNAlI (Nuclear Family System) sthApita ho rahI hai| isake aneka kAraNa haiM, jaise - zaharIkaraNa, audyogikIkaraNa, pAzcAtya saMskRti kA prabhAva, vyaktivAdI dRSTikoNa, pArivArika kalaha ityaadi|41 503 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana 13 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #594
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) pArivArika tanAva kI vRddhi - parivAra meM sadasyoM ke bIca sadbhAvanA ke sthAna para azAnti tathA kalaha kA vAtAvaraNa bar3ha rahA hai| isase pati-patnI, bhAI-bhAI, pitA-putra, sAsa-bahU, nanada-bhAbhI Adi ke bIca dUriyA~ bar3ha rahI haiN| isake aneka kAraNa haiM, jaise - sadasyoM ke jIvana-lakSyoM meM antara, sadasyavizeSa meM atimahattvAkAMkSA (High Ambitions) kA honA, vyaktigata vyavahAra meM bheda, manovRttiyoM meM vikRtiyA~ (ahaMkAra Adi), yauna sambandhoM meM matabheda, zaikSaNika yogyatA meM pharka, sAMskRtika antara, sAmAjika-sambandhoM meM antara ityaadi| inameM eka mahattvapUrNa kAraka paraspara galataphahamI kA honA bhI hai|42 (3) talAka - Aja talAka kI dara bhI tejI se bar3ha rahI hai, isase na kevala pati aura patnI, apitu baccoM kI samasyA bhI gambhIra hotI jA rahI hai| aise bacce prAyaH aparAdhI, cora, juArI, zarAbI, nazer3I Adi bana jAte haiN| isake pramukha kAraNa haiM - sasurAla meM bahU ko pratAr3ita kiyA jAnA, mAtA-pitA, sAsa-sasura kA anAvazyaka hastakSepa honA, pati yA patnI kA durAcArI honA ityaadi| yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki eka zodha ke anusAra, amerikA jaise vikasita deza meM pratyeka sAta vivAha meM se tIna vivAha kA anta vivAha-viccheda ke rUpa meM hotA hai| (4) zaharIkaraNa - Aja grAmINa zaharoM kI ora aura zaharI mahAnagaroM kI ora daur3a rahe haiM, jisase kaI sAmAjika samasyAe~ khar3I ho rahI haiM, jaise - bar3e nagaroM meM janasaMkhyA kA dabAva bar3hanA, prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kI samyak ApUrti na ho pAnA, parijanoM se dUrI bar3hanA, bhautikavAdI saMskRti se naitika mUlyoM kA patana honA ityaadi| (5) Arthika asantoSa - Aja choTe-bar3e aneka udyoga, vyApAra, kArporeTa saMgaThana Adi khula rahe haiM, vyakti kI samRddhi evaM sampannatA bhI bar3ha rahI hai, strI-purUSa donoM hI kandhe-se-kandhA milAkara arthopArjana meM juTe hue haiM, udArIkaraNa aura vaizvIkaraNa se pUrA vizva hI eka vyApArika kendra yA grAma (Global Village) bana gayA hai| phira bhI, vyakti ko santoSa nahIM hai aura isIlie kAlAbAjArI, milAvaTa, gabana, ghoTAle, rizvatakhorI evaM asvastha pratispardhA bar3hatI hI jA rahI haiN| pUMjIvAdI vyavasthA meM hara vyakti svayaM zAsaka aura anyoM ko gulAma banAne kI ceSTA karatA hai| isase Arthika viSamatA bhI tejI se bar3ha rahI hai aura zoSaka ke viruddha zoSitoM ke bagAvata ke svara gUMja rahe haiN| isI prakAra, samAjavAdI vyavasthA bhI asantoSa kA kAraNa bana rahI hai, kyoMki usameM na to vyakti kI yogyatA kA ucita puraskAra use mila rahA hai aura na hI bhAvI vikAsa kI sambhAvanAe~ use dikhAI de rahI haiN| Aja jitanI bhI Arthika saMsthAoM/samitiyoM kI goSThiyA~ hotI haiM, unameM bhI prAyaH svArthaparaka carcAe~ hI hotI haiM, na ki samAjahita kii| apane Arthika lAbha ke lie inameM saba niyamoM, mUlyoM evaM maryAdAoM kA ullaMghana karake nirNaya kie jAte haiN| 14 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 504 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #595
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) rAjanItika bhraSTatA - Aja rAjanItika dala sirpha apane voTa baiMka taiyAra karane meM lage haiM, inheM janakalyANa se koI sarokAra nahIM hai| hara rAjanetA kursI cAhatA hai, karttavya nhiiN| usakI cAhata kevala apanI tijorI bharane kI hotI hai, usake AzvAsana jhUTha aura phareba para AdhArita hote haiN| prAyaH yahI dazA prazAsana-vyavasthA, nyAya vyavasthA, pulisa-vyavasthA, kasTama-vyavasthA evaM anya sabhI sarakArI tantroM meM dikhAI detI hai, jahA~ samAjahita kI avamAnanA kara vyakti sirpha svahita ke lie kArya karatA hai| yahA~ bhraSTAcAra kI jar3eM gaharAtI jA rahI haiM aura isase kAmacorI, rizvatakhorI, dagAbAjI Adi pravRttiyA~ sahaja hI ghara kara rahI haiN| jaina sAhitya meM aise aneka prasaMga milate haiM, jinameM prativAsudeva (trikhaNDAdhipati) ne jaba apanI rAjanItika zaktiyoM kA durupayoga karanA prArambha kiyA to vAsudeva evaM baladeva ne samAjahita ke lie use parAsta kara susAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| isa sambandha meM rAma-lakSmaNa tathA kRSNa-balarAma ke udAharaNa jainakathAsAhitya meM bhI upalabdha haiN| (7) jAtivAda - bhAratIya saMskRti meM jAti vyavasthA kI praNAlI atyanta prAcIna hai| isakA mUla lakSya samAja meM kAryoM kA samyaka vibhAjana karanA hai, kintu Aja ise hI zreSThatA athavA nimnatA kA mApadaNDa mAna liyA gayA hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa samAja meM U~ca-nIca kA bhedabhAva bar3ha gayA hai| yaha jAtivAda vastutaH samAja kI ekatA ko khaNDita karake vibhinna samUhoM meM sAmAjika dUriyoM ko bar3hAne vAlI paramparA bana gaI hai| isase pratyeka jAti kevala apane hI jAtivAloM ke svArtha kI pUrti meM tatpara rahatI hai aura anya jAti vAloM se vaira, vaimanasya evaM vidveSa rakhatI hai| vastutaH yaha jAtivAda kI samasyA utpanna hI nahIM hotI, yadi manuSya ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zikSAoM ko samucita Adara diyA hotaa| unakA kahanA hai - 'janma se to sabhI manuSya samAna hI haiM, unakI eka hI jAti hai| karma ke AdhAra para hI unake brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zudra - ye cAra vibhAga haiN| 40 (8) manoraMjana (Recreation) - manoraMjana ke vibhinna sAdhana bhI sAmAjika vighaTana utpanna kara rahe haiN| Ajakala ina sAdhanoM kA bhI vyApArIkaraNa hotA jA rahA hai| vyApArI varga sirpha Arthika lAbha uThAne ke lie janakalyANa para AghAta kara rahe haiN| sinemA aura dUradarzana ke mAdhyama se dikhalAe jAne vAle kAmoddIpaka dRzya, hatyA evaM yauna aparAdhoM ko bar3hAvA de rahe haiN| vyakti inake mAdhyama se prAcIna evaM pavitra mUlyoM ko khotA jA rahA hai| (9) dhArmika unmAda - dharma vastutaH sAmAjika saMgaThana evaM ekatA kA mAdhyama hai, phira bhI manuSya kI saMkIrNa vicAradhArA ne dharma ke nAma para aneka dhArmika vikRtiyoM ko janma de diyA hai| Aja dharma ke nAma para hiMsA aura yuddha taka ho rahe haiN| vibhinna andhavizvAsa evaM andharUr3hiyA~ bhI vyakti ke vyavahAra ko avivekapUrNa banA rahI hai| dhArmika saMsthAoM meM dharma evaM saMpradAya, gaccha evaM pantha , guru evaM bhagavAn ko lekara paraspara vidveSa evaM visaMvAda bhI isI kA pariNAma hai| vastutaH, vyakti ne bhramavaza kaTTaravAda ko apanAkara aneka dhArmika vikRtiyA~ utpanna kara dI haiN| kalikAla kI isa sthiti kA spaSTa citraNa karate 505 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana 15 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #596
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hue AdhyAtmika satpurUSa zrImaddevacandra jI ne kahA bhI hai - gaccha kadAgraha sAcave re, mAne dharma prasiddha / AtamaguNa akaSAyatA re, dharma na jANe zuddha re|| jahA~ eka ora dharma ke nAma para andha samarpaNa hone se sAmAjika vighaTana ho rahA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora dharmanirapekSatA kI duhAI dekara logoM ko dharmavimukha karane kA prayAsa bhI khUba bar3ha-car3hakara ho rahA hai| Aja zAsana yA prazAsana ke pAsa aisI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai ki pratyeka nAgarika ko naitika evaM cAritrika mUlyoM ke lie prerita kiyA jA ske| isI vajaha se Aja hamArA samAja mUlya evaM AdarzoM se zUnya hotA jA rahA hai| sAtha hI vyakti meM rASTrIyatA, sAmudAyikatA evaM pArivArikatA kI bhAvanA samApta hotI jA rahI hai aura kevala vyaktivAdI manovRtti dRr3ha hotI jA rahI hai| (10) madyapAna evaM mAdaka dravyoM kA vyasana (Alcohol & Drug Addiction) - yaha bhI eka ghAtaka sAmAjika samasyA hai| yadyapi yaha mahaja vaiyaktika samasyA hI hai, tathApi isake kAraNa parivAra aura samAja donoM kA nukasAna hone se ise sAmAjika samasyA kahanA hI ucita hai| Aja purUSoM ke sAtha-sAtha striyoM meM bhI madyapAna kI Adata bar3ha rahI hai| isI prakAra nimnakuloM ke sAtha-sAtha uccakaloM ke logoM meM bhI madyapAna eka phaizana banatA jA rahA hai| vizeSa tyauhAroM evaM utsavoM meM zarAba khUba parosI jAtI hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne jaba eka madirA becane vAle se pUchA - 'tumhAre pAtra meM kyA hai?' taba usane dArzanika andAja meM kahA - 'kavivara! mere pAtra meM ATha durguNa haiM - 1) mastI, 2) pAgalapana, 3) kalaha, 4) buddhi kA nAza, 5) saccAI aura yogyatA se napharata, 6) khuzI kA nAza, 7) naraka kA mArga evaM 8) dhRsstttaa| kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ne bhI kahA hai - Aga kI nanhI-sI cinagArI bhI virAT ghAsa ke Dhera ko naSTa kara detI hai, vaise hI madyapAna se viveka, saMyama, jJAna, satya, zauca, kSamA Adi sabhI sadguNa naSTa ho jAte haiN| (11) nirdhanatA - yaha bhI sAmAjika vighaTana kA eka mahattvapUrNa rUpa hai| nirdhanatA ke kAraNa na kevala parivAra kI prAthamika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti nahIM ho pAtI, apitu bAla-aparAdha, AtmahatyA, vivAha-viccheda, corI-DakaitI Adi pravRttiyoM ko bar3hAvA bhI milatA hai|52 garIbI se pIr3ita vyakti kI zArIrika evaM mAnasika kSamatAe~ bhI kamajora ho jAtI hai| vaha asamaya hI rogoM se grasta bhI ho jAtA (12) bAla-aparAdha - ina dinoM bAla-aparAdha tejI se bar3ha rahe haiN| dhana pAne ke lie ye bAla aparAdhI corI, jebakatarI Adi asAmAjika kArya karane ke lie taiyAra ho jAte haiN| san 1982 meM deza meM lagabhaga pacAsa hajAra se adhika bAla-aparAdha ke kesa the, jo adAlata ke samakSa vicArArtha peza kie gae the| yaha samajhA jA sakatA hai ki Aja yaha saMkhyA kaI gunA adhika ho cukI hogii| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 16 506 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #597
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa prakAra, vartamAna yuga meM manuSya ne bhale hI vijJAna, praudyogikI evaM Arthika kSetra meM bar3I saphalatAe~ kyoM na prApta kara lI hoM, kintu pArivArika, sAmudAyika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM usake sAmane aneka gambhIra cunautiyA~ khar3I haiN| yadi ina cunautiyoM yA avyavasthAoM kA samyak prabandhana nahIM khojA gayA, to nizcita hI vaijJAnika evaM bhautika saphalatAe~ mAnava jIvana ko pragatizIla banAne ke bajAya vighaTana aura vinAza ke kagAra para lAkara khar3A kara degii| Age, jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para ina samasyAoM ke samAdhAna sambandhI prabandhana-sUtroM kI carcA kI jA rahI hai| =====< >===== 507 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only /
Page #598
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 9.4 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samAja prabandhana 9.4.1 samAja-prabandhana : eka paricaya jainadharmadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jagat ke bhautika evaM abhautika samasta padArtha nirantara parivartanazIla haiM aura samAja bhI isase achUtA nahIM hai| eka saMghIya dharma hone ke nAte jainAcAryoM ne isa sAmAjika parivartana ko samAja-prabandhana ke lie eka anivArya AvazyakatA batAyA hai| unake anusAra, yaha jarurI nahIM hai ki sAmAjika parivartana hamezA vighaTanakArI evaM nukasAnadAyI hI hote hoM, ye saMghaTanakArI evaM lAbhadAyI bhI ho sakate haiN| vastutaH, vighaTana se saMgaThana kI dizA meM Age bar3hane kI isa sakArAtmaka prakriyA kA nAma hI samAja-prabandhana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, samAja-prabandhana samAja meM ucita mUlyoM, AdarzoM, niyamoM evaM vyavahAroM kI sthApanA karane kI prakriyA hai| aura bhI spaSTa kaheM to, vaha prakriyA jo samAja meM vyApta burAiyoM, kurItiyoM evaM andharUr3hiyoM kA unmUlana kara ekatA, zAnti evaM sAmaMjasya kA samyak vikAsa karatI hai, samAja-prabandhana kahalAtI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, vyakti aura samAja paraspara eka-dUsare se abhinna haiM, ataH samAja-prabandhana ke kSetra meM yaha prazna ahamiyata rakhatA hai ki samAja-prabandhana yA sAmAjika sudhAra kI prakriyA kahA~ se prArambha ho, vyakti se athavA samAja se? isa sambandha meM hameM do prakAra kI vicAradhArAe~ milatI haiN| eka yaha mAnatI hai ki vyakti ke sudhAra se hI samAja sudharegA, kyoMki vyakti samAja kI mahattvapUrNa evaM prAthamika ikAI hai aura dUsarI mAnyatA yaha hai ki samAja sudhAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti kA sudhAra hogA, kyoMki samAja ke nIti-niyamoM para hI vyakti Azrita rahatA hai| yaha satya hai ki samAja eka amUrta vyavasthA hai, jisakI abhivyakti vyaktiyoM ke samUhoM se hotI hai, ataH jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki vyakti sahita samAja ke sabhI ghaTakoM (saMsthA, samiti Adi) ke prabandhana se hI samAja-prabandhana sambhava hai| isa mAnyatA kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki samAja-prabandhana ke sUtra jina para lAgU hote haiM, ve to vyakti athavA vyakti-samUha hI haiN| vizeSatA yaha hai ki jainadharma mUlataH nivRtti-pradhAna hone ke bAvajUda bhI eka saMghIya dharma hai aura isameM vyakti kI apekSA saMgha ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai, ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki jainaAcAramImAMsA ke anusAra, saMgha (sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA varga) sambandhI vyavahAroM kA prabandhana hI samAja-prabandhana hai| samAja-prabandhana ke lie mUlya aura Adarza kA nirdhAraNa karanA bhI anivArya hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki kisa prakAra se ina mUlyoM kI prApti sambhava ho sakatI hai? jainadarzana meM isa hetu hameM 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm 55 sUtra batAyA gayA hai, jisakA tAtparya hai ki pratyeka prANI kA jIvana anya prANiyoM ke sahayoga para AdhArita hai| isase spaSTa hai ki The law of life is the law of cooperation arthAt pArasparika sahayoga ke mAdhyama se hI jIvana yAtrA pravAhita hotI hai| sAtha hI, eka mUlyavAdI AdhyAtmika dharma hone ke kAraNa jainadRSTi yaha bhI mAnatI hai ki samAja ke prabandhana kA AdhAra na kevala bhautika mUlya, apitu naitika aura AdhyAtmika mUlya bhI hone caahie| isa prakAra jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 18 508 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #599
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadRSTi meM, vyakti aura samAja donoM ko Age bar3hane ke lie pArasparika sahayoga ke sAtha-sAtha AdarzoM (mUlyoM) kA samyak nirdhAraNa bhI karanA hogaa| vastutaH, samyak samAja-prabandhana arthAt sAmAjika pragati kisI eka nizcita dizA meM nizcita lakSya kI prApti ke lie honI cAhie, yaha jaina mAnyatA kA vaiziSTya hai| pAzcAtya samAja-darzana meM sAmAjika pragati ke tIna tattvoM ko pramukha mAnA gayA hai 56 - 1) prakRti para vijaya (Conquest of Nature), 2) sAmAjika niyantraNa (Social Control) evaM 3) AtmaniyantraNa (Self Control) | jainadharmadarzana ke anusAra, sAmAjika pragati kA artha prakRti para vijaya nahIM, apitu prakRti ke sahayoga se pragati karanA hai| isI prakAra, sAmAjika niyantraNa ko saMghIya niyantraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra avazya kiyA gayA hai, kintu yaha mAnA gayA hai ki saMghIya niyantraNa kevala bAhya hotA hai, isakA mUla AdhAra to AtmasaMyama evaM AtmaniyantraNa hai| isIlie vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmasaMyama evaM AtmaniyantraNa ke AdhAra para hI sAmAjika pragati sambhava hai| 9.4.2 samAja-prabandhana kA mUla uddezya samAja vyakti ke vikAsa kA sabase mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai, parantu yadi isa sAdhana kA samyak upayoga nahIM kiyA jAe, to yahI sAdhana vyakti ke lie bahuta bar3I bAdhA bhI bana sakatA hai| isase yaha nizcita hotA hai ki vyakti ko samyak vicArapUrvaka apane sabhI sAmAjika vyavahAra karane cAhie, kyoMki samAja vyaktiyoM se banA hai aura vyaktiyoM kA vyaktitva bahuta jyAdA utAra-car3hAva se bharA hotA hai, ise samajha pAnA itanA AsAna nahIM hai| asajagatApUrvaka kiyA gayA sAmAjika vyavahAra jIvana-prabandhana ke prayatnoM ko viphala bhI kara sakatA hai| ataeva vyakti ko sAmAjika sambandhoM kI saMvedanazIlatA ko svIkAra karake samAja-prabandhana kA samyaka uddezya nirdhArita karanA caahie| merI dRSTi meM, vyakti ko cAhe parivAra meM jInA par3e yA dhArmika aura laukika pariveza meM, use hara samaya apane jIvana vyavahAra ko saMyamita karate hue tIna uddezyoM kI pUrti meM sahayogI bananA cAhie - 1) samAja meM zAnti 2) samAja meM susaMskAroM kA saMrakSaNa 3) samAja kI pragati ina tInoM meM bhI sabase prathama AvazyakatA zAnti kI hai, kyoMki yadi zAnti nahIM hai, to na to saMskAroM kA saMrakSaNa ho sakatA hai aura na hI sAmAjika prgti| dvitIya sthAna saMskAroM kA hai, kyoMki yadi vyakti evaM samAja ke vyavahAra meM su-saMskAra nahIM hoMge, to na to zAnti Tika sakegI aura na hI pragati ho skegii| antima AvazyakatA hai pragati kI, kyoMki manuSya eka pragatizIla prANI hai aura 509 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #600
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ usane sAmAjika-tantra kI sthApanA sirpha isIlie kI hai ki vaha vikAsa evaM sudhAra kI dizA meM Age bar3ha ske| yadi vaha ucita pragati nahIM kara pAtA hai, to samAja kI sthApanA hI uddezyavihIna ho jAegI aura manuSya kI sthiti pazuvat ho jaaegii| ina uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie samAja-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika pakSoM ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| 9.4.3 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samAja-prabandhana kA saiddhAntika pakSa samAja-prabandhana kA mUla Azaya hai - vyakti ke sAmAjika vyavahAroM ko pariSkRta krnaa| parantu jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, kevala bAhya niyantraNa arthAt daNDAdi ke bhaya se yaha pariSkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| unake anusAra, jaba vivekayukta jJAnadazA prakaTa hotI hai, tabhI vyakti kA sahI sAmAjika lakSya nirdhArita hotA hai aura isake bala para hI usake sAmAjika mUlyoM evaM vyavahAroM meM sudhAra ho pAtA hai| kisI jaina muni ne kahA hai - jJAna rahita kiriyA karI, kAsa-kusuma upmaan| lokAloka-prakAzakara, jJAna eka prdhaan|| jJAna rahita kiyA gayA AcaraNa AkAza-kusuma ke samAna hotA hai, jisakA koI sArthaka mUlya nahIM hotaa| yaha jJAna hI hai, jo sakala brahmANDa ko prakAzita karane meM samartha hai| Aie, samAja-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSoM ko jaaneN| (1) sAmAjika cetanA kA samyak vikAsa honA - jaba taka vyakti vyaktivAdI dRSTikoNa rakhatA hai, taba taka samAja-prabandhana kevala eka kalpanA hai| samAja-prabandhana kI pahalI zarta hai ki vyakti ucita sAmAjika cetanA kA vikAsa kre| yaha cetanA usake jIvana kI anivArya AvazyakatA ke rUpa meM svIkRta ho aura isI AdhAra para vaha sAmAjika vyavahAra kre| jaina-paramparA meM sadaiva hI vyakti se adhika saMgha ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne saMgha ko aneka upamAoM se vibhUSita kara usakI stuti kI hai| kabhI saMgha ko nagara ke samAna batAyA hai, jo guNarUpI bhavanoM, jJAnarUpI ratnoM, sadRSTi rUpI galiyoM aura saMyamarUpI parakoTe se surakSita hai, to kabhI saMgha ko samudra se upamita kiyA hai, jo dhairyarUpI guNoM se vRddhigata, svAdhyAya evaM zubhakArya rUpI mahAzaktizAlI karmavidAraka magaramacchoM se yukta tathA samasta kaThinAiyoM meM bhI nizcala aura niSkampa hai| isI prakAra saMgha ko kabhI tejasvI sUrya kI, kabhI saumyacaMdra kI, kabhI cakravartI ke cakraratna kI, to kabhI madhura ghoSamaya ratha kI upamAoM se bhI alaMkRta kiyA hai| jainAcAryoM ne sadaiva hI saMgha ke utthAna aura kalyANa kI maMgala bhAvanA kI hai| vastutaH jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM saMgha yA samAja ke prati sabhI kA pUrNa bahumAna evaM samarpaNa honA 20 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 510 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #601
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ cAhie (saMghovari bahumANo), kyoMki saMgha hI bhayabhIta vyaktiyoM ke lie AzvAsana rUpa hai, nizchala vyavahAra ke kAraNa vizvAsabhUta hai, sarvatra samatA ke kAraNa zItalatA pradAyaka hai, samadarzI hone ke kAraNa mAtA-pitA tulya hai tathA sabhI prANiyoM ke lie zaraNasthala hai| jainAcAryoM kI preraNA ko AdhAra banAkara jIvana-prabandhaka ko apanI saMkIrNa mAnasikatA kA parityAga kara apane pArivArika, dhArmika evaM laukika samAja ke prati kuTumbavat vyavahAra karanA caahie| isI kA nAma sAmAjika cetanA kA vikAsa hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - zivamastu sarva jagataH parahita-niratA bhavantu bhUtagaNAH / doSAH prayAntu nAzaM, sarvatra sukhI bhavantu lokAH / / __arthAt sampUrNa jagat kA kalyANa ho, sabhI prANI lokahita meM tatpara hoM, sAmAjika burAiyA~ nAza ko prApta hoM aura sarvatra sukha-zAnti kA vAtAvaraNa ho| (2) manovRtti kI nirmalatA evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana - sAmAjika-prabandhana meM viSamatA utpanna karane vAle cAra mUlabhUta kAraNa haiM - 1) saMgraha (lobha), 2) Aveza (krodha), 3) garva (mAna) evaM 4) kapaTa (maayaa)| inheM jainAcAryoM ne kaSAya arthAt kaluSita manobhAvoM kI saMjJA dI hai| __DaoN. sAgaramalajaina ke anusAra, ye cAroM alaga-alaga rUpa meM prakaTa hokara sAmAjika jIvana meM azAnti evaM saMgharSa paidA karate haiN| eka ora saMgraha kI manovRtti se zoSaNa, aprAmANikatA, krUratA, vizvAsaghAta, svArthaparakatA Adi vikasita hote haiM, to dUsarI ora Aveza kI manovRtti se saMgharSa, yuddha , AkramaNa, hatyA Adi panapate haiN| isI prakAra garva kI manovRtti ke kAraNa ghRNA, IrSyA , krUratA Adi hote haiM, to kapaTa kI manovRtti ke kAraNa pArasparika avizvAsa evaM amaitrIpUrNa vyavahAroM kA vikAsa hotA hai| isa prakAra ye kaSAya sAmAjika jIvana ko dUSita kara detI haiN| 2 jainadarzana meM isIlie ina kaSAyoM ke nirodha ko naitika evaM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki jIvana-prabandhaka jainadarzana ke sAdhanA-mArga ko apanAkara na kevala kaSAyoM ko upazAnta karane meM saphala ho sakatA hai, apitu apane sAmAjika jIvana ko bhI suvyavasthita banA sakatA hai| (3) samyagdarzana evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana - jainadarzana ke anusAra, dharma kA mUla samyagdarzana arthAt sahI dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa hai| yaha sAdhanA kA prathama sopAna hai| jo ise prApta kara letA hai, vaha AdhyAtmika jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika jIvana jIne kI kalA bhI sIkha letA hai| use anAvazyaka vyavahAroM kI tucchatA evaM Avazyaka vyavahAroM kI upayogitA kA viveka ho jAtA hai| vaha jagat meM nirliptabhAvoM se jIne kI sAdhanA karatA rahatA hai| isase vaha na kevala vaiyaktika-jIvana, apitu pArivArika , dhArmika evaM laukika jIvana ko bhI zAntipUrNa DhaMga se bitAtA hai| 511 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #602
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samyagdRSTi jIva apane adhikAroM kI bhUkha ko upazAnta rakhatA huA kartavyoM kA ucita nirvAha karatA hai| vaha bhale hI kuTumba meM kyoM na rahe, usakI sthiti dhAya mA~ (narsa) ke samAna mamatva-rahita kartavyabhAva kI hotI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - samyagdRSTi jIvar3A, kare kuTumba pratipAla / __ antarasuM nyAro rahe, jyoM dhAya khilAve bAla / / jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha saMsAra meM saMyogajanya paristhitiyoM meM anukUla-pratikUla , sukha-duHkha evaM acche-bure kA bheda na karate hue nirapekSa (taTastha) bhAva se jIne kA abhyAsa kre| use mamatva-buddhi (Sense of Attachment) ke bajAya karttavya-buddhi (Sense of duty) se jInA caahie| isa prakAra, jaina sAdhanA paddhati samyak dRSTikoNa ke vikAsa ke dvArA na kevala jIvana aura jagat ke yathArtha svarUpa kA bodha karAtI hai, apitu anukUla evaM pratikUla paristhiti meM avicalita bhAva arthAt samabhAva se jInA bhI sikhAtI hai| (4) sadbhAvanAe~ evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana - samAja meM dUsare logoM ke sAtha hamArA sambandha kisa prakAra kA ho, yaha viveka bhI hameM jainAcAryoM dvArA upadiSTa vividha bhAvanAoM' se prApta hotA hai| ye bhAvanAe~ hamAre niSedhAtmaka bhAvoM kA samApana karake vidheyAtmaka bhAvoM kA vikAsa karatI haiN| jainAcArya amitagati ne ina bhAvanAoM ko nimna zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai - satveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpaaprtvm| mAdhyastha bhAvo viparItavRttau, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu daivm|| arthAta he deva ! merI AtmA sadaiva hI prANImAtra ke prati maitrI, guNIjanoM ke prati pramoda (Ananda), dIna-duHkhiyoM ke prati karuNA tathA viparIta pravRtti vAloM ke prati madhyasthatA ke bhAvoM ko dhAraNa kre| ye bhAvanAe~ pArivArika, dhArmika evaM laukika jIvana meM hamAre pArasparika sambandhoM ko sumadhura banAne tathA sAmAjika TakarAva ke kAraNoM ko dUra karane meM atyanta upayogI haiN| (ka) maitrI - yaha bhAvanA dUsaroM ke hita ke cintana se jur3I huI bhAvanA hai| parivAra aura samAja meM apane vaiyaktika hita ke lie to sabhI prayatnarata rahate haiM, kintu maitrI vaha pavitra bhAvanA hai, jisameM vyakti apane svArtha ko gauNa karake dUsare ke hita kI cintA karatA hai| isase sAmAjika saMgaThana sudRr3ha hotA hai, jise koI tor3a nahIM sktaa| (kha) pramoda - yaha bhAvanA dUsaroM kI pragati meM Anandita hone se sambandhita hai| yadi samAja meM eka vyakti dUsare vyakti ke guNoM ko svIkAra kara le, to nindA, cugalI, IrSyA, mAtsarya , doSAropaNa Adi ke lie koI sthAna nahIM rahegA aura saMgaThana majabUta bnegaa| vastutaH, pramodabhAvanA se guNiyoM ke prati 22 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 512 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #603
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bahumAna bhAva jagatA hai, unakA anukaraNa karane kI preraNA milatI hai evaM alpaguNI vyakti bhI utthAna aura pragati ke mArga para agrasara ho jAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai68 - jina uttama guNa gAvatAM, guNa Ave nija aMga (ga) karuNA - yaha vastutaH hRdaya meM vyApta krUratA ke visarjana se jur3I huI bhAvanA hai| jisa saMgaThana meM vyaktiyoM meM eka-dUsare ke duHkhoM ke prati saMvedanazIlatA nahIM hotI, usa saMgaThana meM paraspara sahayoga evaM samanvaya kI bhAvanA bhI sUkha jAtI hai, ataH karuNA bhAvanA kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai| yaha paraspara prema aura vizvAsa kI janmadAtrI hai tathA saMgaThana ko majabUtI pradAna karane vAlI bhAvanA hai| (gha) madhyastha - yaha viparIta vyavahAra vAloM ke prati taTastha hone kI bhAvanA hai| yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki saMgaThana meM sabhI samAna manovRtti vAle hI hoM, kaI loga vighna-santoSI, kutarkavAdI, kadAgrahI evaM asabhya vyavahAra karane vAle bhI hote haiN| samAja meM inake sAtha bhI jInA to par3atA hI hai| yadi vyakti roSa evaM Akroza ke sAtha inakA pratikAra kare, to pariNAma prAyaH duHkhada hotA hai, ataH pratikUla saMyogoM meM taTastha (Neutral) yA apekSArahita rahanA hI sahI vyavahAra hai| isase saMgaThana vighaTita hone se baca jAtA hai| (5) anekAnta evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana - jainadarzana kA anekAnta siddhAnta sAmAjika kSetra meM vaicArika sahiSNutA ke rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai| yaha samAja meM anAgrahapUrvaka jIne kI kalA sikhAtA hai aura isa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai ki satya mere hI pAsa hai, dUsare ke pAsa nhiiN| vastutaH, yaha siddhAnta kahatA hai ki satya jahA~ kahIM bhI ho, usakA sammAna karanA caahie| anekAnta siddhAnta ke dvArA jIvana-prabandhaka vyApaka dRSTi se vastu, vyakti, ghaTanA evaM paristhiti kA mUlyAMkana karatA hai aura pakSAgraha ke bandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| vaha svIkAra letA hai ki jahA~ svamata kI prazaMsA aura paramata kI nindA hai, vahA~ vigraha, viSAda aura vaimanasya ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| vastutaH, vaicArika Agraha hI matavAda yA pakSapAta ko janma detA hai aura usase rAga-dveSa kI vRddhi hotI hai| ataH jainadaSTi ke anusAra, satya kI svIkRti 'hI' ke bajAya 'bhI' se karanI caahie| Azaya yaha hai ki satya ko ekAnta se nahIM, apitu anekAnta se grahaNa karanA caahie| isI ke AdhAra para Aja dhArmika, rAjanItika evaM pArivArika sahiSNutA kA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM samanvayatA vibhinna dharma-saMpradAyoM evaM matoM meM vyApta vaicArika vidveSa, hiMsA evaM azAnti ko samApta kara satya tattvoM kA darzana karAtI hai| sabhI dharmoM evaM darzanoM ke prati sahiSNu honA hI eka sacce jainI kI pahacAna hai| paramayogI santa AnandaghanajI kahate haiM - SaDdarzana jina aMga bhaNIje, nyAsa SaDaMga je sAdhe re| nami jinavaranA caraNa upAsaka, SaDdarzana ArAdhe re|| rAjanItika kSetra meM bhI anekAnta dRSTi virodhI pakSoM ke bIca meM AlocanAtmaka paddhati ko dUra kara adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana 513 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #604
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ eka-dUsare ke vicAroM ko ucita sammAna dene kI zikSA detI hai| vastutaH, yaha aisI dRSTi detI hai, jisase vipakSa kI dhAraNAoM meM bhI satyatA ke darzana ho sake aura unako svIkAra kara prajAtantra ko majabUta kiyA jA ske| kauTumbika kSetra meM bhI isa paddhati kA upayoga kara pArasparika prema evaM zAnti kI sthApanA AsAnI se kI jA sakatI hai| apane anubhava, ruci, uddezyoM, nItiyoM evaM vicAroM ko dUsaroM para thopane kI Adata saMgharSa aura manamuTAva ko janma detI hai aura isI prakAra dUsaroM ke vicAroM ke anusAra apane Apako na mor3a pAne kI Adata bhI kuTumba meM kleza-kalaha karAtI hai, kintu yadi vyakti sahiSNutA kI dRSTi se dUsare kI sthiti ko samajhane kA prayatna kare, to saMgharSa AsAnI se samApta ho sakate haiN| anekAnta yaha kahatA hai ki jaba hama dUsare ke sambandha meM koI vicAra kareM yA nirNaya leM, to hameM svayaM ko usa sthiti meM khar3A karake cintana karanA caahie| isa prakAra, anekAnta-dRSTi ko apanAkara mAnavajAti ke vaicArika saMgharSoM ko AsAnI se samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| (6) svArtha, parArtha evaM paramArtha kA pArasparika sAmaMjasya aura sAmAjika-prabandhana - sAmAjika-prabandhana ke lie tIna jIvana-lakSyoM ke bIca ucita samanvaya sthApita karanA atyAvazyaka hai| ye tIna jIvana-lakSya haiM - 1) svArtha (svahita) - vaiyaktika sAMsArika hita kA lkssy| 2) parArtha (lokahita) - dUsaroM ke bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika hita kA lkssy| 3) paramArtha (Atmahita) - svArtha aura parArtha se U~cA uThakara AtmA ke hita kA lakSya / jainadharmadarzana eka nivRttiparaka AdhyAtmika paramparA hai, ataH isake sandarbha meM eka bhrAmaka dRSTikoNa bana jAtA hai ki yahA~ svArtha aura parArtha ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai, parantu yaha ucita nahIM jahA~ taka svahita evaM lokahita kA prazna hai, jainadharma meM nizcita hI lokahita ko uttama mAnA gayA hai| tIrthakara-namaskArasUtra (zakrastava) meM tIrthaMkaroM ke lie lokanAtha, lokahitakara, lokapradIpa, lokapradyotakara, abhayadAtA Adi vizeSaNoM kA prayoga jainadRSTi kI loka-maMgalakArI bhAvanA ko puSTa karatA hai| svayaM tIrthakara bhagavantoM ke bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki pUrva bhava meM 'savi jIva karuM zAsana rasI' arthAt samasta jIvoM ko sanmArga (mokSamArga) meM jor3ane kI udAtta bhAvanA unake mana meM saMcarita hotI hai,72 tabhI tIrthakara pada ke yogya karmoM kA upArjana hotA hai| jainAcArya samantabhadra bhI vIrajinastuti meM kahate haiM? - he bhagavan! ApakI yaha saMgha-vyavasthA (samAja-vyavasthA) sabhI prANiyoM ke duHkhoM kA anta karane vAlI aura sabakA kalyANa karane vAlI hai| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn kA yaha upadeza saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke rakSaNa evaM karuNA ke lie hai| isI sUtra meM 24 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 514 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #605
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Age kahA gayA hai ki jaina sAdhanA ke pA~coM mahAvrata sarvaprakAra se lokahita ke lie hI haiN| ataH yaha mAnanA par3egA ki jaina sAdhanA meM loka-kalyANa kI pravRtti ko bhI ucita mahattva diyA gayA hai| jainavicArakoM ne lokahita ke tIna stara mAne haiM - 1) dravyalokahita - bhautika sAdhanoM, jaise - bhojana, vastra, AvAsa Adi tathA zArIrika sevA ke dvArA lokahita krnaa| 2) bhAvalokahita - bhautika stara se Upara uThakara jJAnAtmaka yA bhAvAtmaka sAdhanoM ke dvArA lokahita krnaa| 3) pAramArthika lokahita - upadeza rUpa sAdhanoM ke dvArA jIvana mukti ke mArga kA lokahita krnaa| jainAcAryoM ne ina tInoM meM bhI kramazaH uccatA kA nirdeza diyA hai| isa prakAra, jainadRSTi meM anekazaH yaha darzAyA gayA hai ki svArtha kI apekSA parArtha karane yogya hai| yaha tathya nimnalikhita ukti se spaSTa hai - saMkSepAtkathyate dharmo, janAH! kiM vistareNa vaH / paropakAraH puNyAya, pApAya parapIDanam / / arthAt jainadRSTi se saMkSipta meM dharma (naitika-karttavya) kI vyAkhyA itanI hI hai ki lokahita (paropakAra) se puNya evaM para-pIr3A dene se pApa rUpa phala kI niSpatti hotI hai| yadyapi jainadarzana lokahita ko ucita mAnatA hai, tathApi isakI eka zarta hai ki parArtha ke lie svArtha kA visarjana to kiyA jA sakatA hai, lekina paramArtha kA nhiiN| usake anusAra, bhautika upalabdhiyoM ko loka-kalyANa ke lie samarpita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura karanA bhI cAhie, kyoMki ve mUlataH saMsAra kI hI haiM, hamArI nhiiN| kintu yadi AdhyAtmika vikAsa evaM naitika mUlyoM kI kImata para lokahita hotA hai, to yaha ucita nhiiN| kahA bhI gayA hai - Atmahita karo aura yathAzakya lokahita bhI karo, lekina jahA~ Atmahita evaM lokahita meM dvandva ho aura Atmahita kA apalApa hotA ho, vahA~ sirpha Atma-kalyANa hI zreSTha hai| vastutaH Atmahita bhI parokSa rUpa meM lokahita kA hI kAraNa hai| Atmahita karane vAle sAdhaka sAmAjika-avyavasthA ke lie to jimmedAra hote hI nahIM haiM, varan ve kucha aise jIvana-Adarza chor3a jAte haiM, jo sAmAjika Adarza evaM mUlya ke rUpa meM cirakAla taka patha-pradarzaka bane rahate haiN| isa prakAra, jainAcAryoM ne samAja-prabandhana ke lie gahana aura samyak sAmaMjasyapUrNa dRSTikoNa pradAna kiyA hai| 515 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana 25 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #606
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (7) sAmAjika jIvana-dharma evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana - jaina vicArakoM ne na kevala AdhyAtmika-dRSTi se, apitu sAmAjika-dRSTi se bhI dharma kI vivecanA kI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM sAmAjika jIvana ke sandarbha meM dazavidha dharmoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai - (ka) grAma dharma - gA~va kI paramparA, vyavasthA, maryAdA evaM niyamoM ke anurUpa kArya krnaa| (kha) nagara dharma - nagara kI paramparA, vyavasthA, maryAdA evaM niyamoM ke anurUpa kArya krnaa| (ga) rASTra dharma - rASTrIya vidhi-vidhAnoM, niyamoM evaM maryAdAoM kA pAlana krnaa| (gha) pAkhaNDa dharma - pApa ko khaNDita karane vAlA anuzAsita, niyamita evaM saMyamita jIvana jInA (atIta meM pAkhaNDa kA yaha viziSTa artha pracalita thaa)| (Ga) kula dharma - parivAra athavA vaMzaparamparA ke AcAra niyamoM evaM maryAdAoM kA pAlana krnaa| (ca) gaNa dharma - gaNa (gaNatantra evaM gaccha) ke niyamoM aura maryAdAoM kA pAlana krnaa| (cha) saMgha dharma - saMgha kI maryAdA, paramparA evaM vyavasthA kA pAlana krnaa| (ja) zruta dharma - guru aura ziSya ke dvArA zikSaNa vyavasthA sambandhI niyamoM kA pAlana krnaa| (jha) cAritra dharma - zramaNa evaM gRhastha dharma ke AcAra-niyamoM kA pAlana krnaa| (Ja) astikAya dharma - yaha dharma vastu-svarUpa ko iMgita karatA hai, ataH sAmAjika sandarbha meM isakA ullekha karanA aprAsaMgika hogaa| isa prakAra, jainadharma meM vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika karttavyoM kA spaSTa vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jisake dvArA samAja-prabandhana ke lakSya kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai| vastutaH, ye dharma vyakti ko usake kartavyoM ke pAlana ke lie anuzAsita evaM jAgrata banAte haiN| inakA pAlana karake vaha sAmAjika-vyavasthA evaM saMgaThana kI pragati meM ucita sahayogI bana jAtA hai| pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka ko ina dharmoM kA yathAyogya pAlana karanA caahie| (8) kAma evaM artha para niyantraNa aura sAmAjika-prabandhana - jainaAcArazAstra meM jahA~ eka ora vyakti ko usake karttavyoM ke prati niSThAvAn banAyA jAtA hai, vahI dUsarI ora usake adhikAroM kI bhUkha ko bhI zAnta athavA maryAdita karane kA nirdeza diyA jAtA hai| vastutaH jaba vyakti kI kAma evaM arthaparaka icchAe~ bar3hatI haiM, taba vaha adhika se adhika sukha-suvidhA evaM vilAsitA kI mA~ga karatA hai aura isa upakrama meM samAja ke anya sadasyoM ke sAtha anucita vyavahAra bhI karatA hai| isase sAmAjika viSamatAe~ utpanna hotI haiN| samAja-prabandhana ke lie jainAcAryoM ne ina icchAoM ko maryAdita evaM niyaMtrita karane ke lie 26 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 516 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #607
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tapa, tyAga, vrata Adi anekAneka saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika anuSThAnoM kI vyavasthA kI hai| sAtha hI bArambAra yaha samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki ye icchAe~ hI sabhI samasyAoM kA mUla hai aura ina icchAoM para vijaya prApta kara lene se sabhI duHkhoM se mukti mila jAtI hai| (7) saMvibhAjana evaM sAmAjika-prabandhana - samAja-prabandhana ke lie samAjavAdI vicAradhArA ne kucha upayogI sUtra die haiM, jinake dvArA sAmAjika viSamatAe~ samApta ho sakeM aura samAja ke pratyeka sadasya ko samAna sAdhana evaM suvidhAe~ mila skeN| parantu yaha tabhI sambhava ho sakatA hai, jaba sarakAra yA prazAsana ke dvArA sAmAjika samAnatA ke niyamoM ko vyaktiyoM para na thopA jAe, varan vyakti svecchA se svayaM hI isakI pahala kre| jainadRSTi meM isa hetu eka sundara vyavasthA hai| isameM vyakti ke bhAvoM meM naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko pratiSThita kiyA jAtA hai, jisase usakI AkiMcanya bhAvanA arthAt sAMsArika padArthoM ke prati anAsakti kI bhAvanA jAgrata hotI hai, sAtha hI sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmaupamya (AtmatulA) kI dRSTi bhI utpanna hotI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa, sarakAra yA prazAsana ke bajAya vyakti svayaM apane lie prApta sAmagriyoM meM se eka vibhAga anyoM ke lie bhI nikAlane hetu saharSa pahala karatA hai| vaha anya ke dvArA bAdhya nahIM kie jAne para bhI vizva-bandhutva kI bhAvanA se sahaja hI antaHprerita hotA hai| kevala saiddhAntika taura para hI nahIM, apitu vyAvahArika stara para bhI vaha isa bhAvanA ko sAkAra karatA hai| isa dizA meM vaha jo prayatna karatA hai, use jainazAstroM meM saMvibhAga kahA gayA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra kA yaha pada, 'avisaMvibhAgI na hu tassa mokkho'82 (jo dUsaroM ke lie apanI sAmagriyoM kA vibhAga nahIM karatA, usakA mokSa nahIM hotA), samyaka vibhAjana kI hI preraNA detA hai| vastutaH, vicAroM meM samatA evaM vyavahAra meM saMvibhAga hI sAmAjika-saMgaThana ko majabUtI pradAna karatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke lie vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha uparyukta samAja-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSoM evaM mUlyoM kA ucita cintana, manana evaM nirNaya kre| yadi vaha inakA samyak anuzIlana karatA hai, to nizcita taura para apane sAmAjika jIvana meM sukha-zAnti evaM susaMskAroM ke sAtha pragati kara skegaa| =====4.>===== 517 adhyAya 9 : samAja-prabandhana 27 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #608
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 9.5 jaina AcAramImAMsA meM samAja - prabandhana ke prAyogika pakSa jainadarzana samAja-prabandhana ke kevala sUtra hI prastuta nahIM karatA, apitu usake vyAvahArika yA prAyogika pakSa para bhI bala detA hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki siddhAnta cAhe kitanA hI Adarza aura acchA kyoM na ho, kintu yadi usakA vyAvahArika jIvana meM koI prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA, to yaha kevala siddhAnta banakara hI raha jAtA hai aura usase vyakti aura samAja meM koI parivartana nahIM hotA / jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki samyagjJAna vahI ho sakatA hai, jo hamAre caritra meM abhivyakta ho / kahA bhI gayA hai 83 nANeNa ya karaNeNa ya dohevi dukkhakkhayaM hoi arthAt jJAna aura tadanurUpa AcaraNa * ina donoM kI sAdhanA se hI duHkhoM kA kSaya hotA hai| isake anusAra kevala sUcanAtmaka jJAna vastutaH samyagjJAna nahIM hai| yadi eka vyakti tambAkU ke sAre duSpariNAmoM ko jAnakara bhI tambAkU kA parityAga nahIM karatA, to usakA vaha jJAna samyagjJAna nahIM hai| vastutaH, jAnane aura mAnane ke sAtha jInA bhI Avazyaka hai| samAja-prabandhana ke antargata jaba taka ki vyakti mUlyoM aura AdarzoM ko jIvana meM kriyAnvita nahIM karatA, taba taka ve mUlya evaM Adarza vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika kalyANa sahAyaka nahIM hote / samAja-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa yahI hai ki jo vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana-mUlya prastuta kie gae haiM, unakA vyavahAra meM bhI upayoga kiyA jAe, isIlie jainaAcAradarzana meM samAja - prabandhana eka vyavahArika yA prAyogika prakriyA bhI hai| prabandhana kA eka sUtra hameM yahI upadeza detA hai 84 na nANamitteNa kajjanipphatti arthAt jAna lene mAtra se kArya kI siddhi nahIM ho jaatii| ataH jainaAcArazAstra kA isa bAta para bala rahA hai ki samAja - prabandhana ke sUtroM ko prAyogika stara para jInA bhI Avazyaka hai| jainAcAryoM kA uddezya yaha hai ki vyakti jIvana- vyavahAra meM vaiyaktika hita kI apekSA laukika yA saMghIya hita ko adhika mahattvapUrNa mAne, kyoMki yadi saMgha yA samAja aniyaMtrita hogA arthAt usakA samyak prabandhana nahIM hogA, to vaha vyakti ke cAritra nirmANa meM bhI sahAyaka nahIM bana skegaa| vastutaH, vyakti ke vyaktitva kA vikAsa sAmAjika vikAsa evaM sAmAjika pragati para nirbhara hai aura isIlie saMghahita vaiyaktika hitoM se Upara hai, parantu zarta yaha hai ki ye sAmAjika vikAsa aura sAmAjika pragati naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM se yukta ho / uparyukta dRSTi ke AdhAra para jaba koI jIvana - prabandhaka samAja - prabandhana ke siddhAntoM ko jIvana vyavahAra meM kriyAnvita karane jAtA hai, taba samAja ke vibhinna ghaTaka badala-badalakara usake sAmane Ate haiM, jaise kabhI vaha kisI parijana se milatA hai, to kabhI kisI dharmAvalambI se, to kabhI kisI rAjanetA se ityaadi| ina sabake bIca jIte hue yadi usake vicAra evaM vyavahAra bigar3a jAte haiM, jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 28 518 - For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #609
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ usakA sAmAjika - prabandhana bhI viphala ho jAtA hai, ataH use cAhie ki vaha isa prakAra se apanI sAmAjika kriyAe~ kare ki jisase pArivArika, dhArmika evaM laukika saMsthA meM jIte hue sAmAjika-saMgaThana arthAt samAja - prabandhana ko majabUtI mila ske| vaha sadaiva smaraNa rakhe ki usake vyavahAra se tIna uddezyoM kI sampUrti hotI rahe . samAja meM ucita zAnti rahe / susaMskAroM kA saMvarddhana ho / samAja meM sabhI kI pragati hotI rahe / Age, ina uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para kucha bindu die jA rahe haiM, jinakA pAlana karake vyakti saphalatApUrvaka samAja - prabandhana kara sakatA hai 1) saptavyasana vaiyaktika, pArivArika evaM sAmAjika jIvana kA sampUrNa vinAza kara dete haiM, ataH inakA sevana bilkula nahIM karanA / 2) sadaiva nyAya - nItipUrvaka artha kA upArjana karanA / 3) ziSTatA samAja kA zrRMgAra hai, ataH sabase ziSTa vyavahAra karanA / 4) samAna AcAra-vicAra, rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna vAle parivAra meM hI vaivAhika sambandha karanA / pApa karake bhayabhIta hone ke bajAya pApa karane meM bhayabhIta rahanA / 6) deza aura rASTra ke prati gaurava rakhanA aura dezAcAra kA ullaMghana kabhI nahIM karanA / 7) samAja meM kleza aura kalaha karane vAlI nindA kabhI nahIM karanA / 8) ajJAnI evaM durjanoM kI saMgati se bacanA, isase vaira bar3hatA hai| 86 9) sadvicAravAn sajjanoM kI saMgati sadaiva karanA / 10 ) mAtA - pitA kI sevA karanA, jo kucha arjita kareM, unheM hI samarpita karanA aura unakI salAha ke binA koI kArya nahIM karanA / 11) sAMskRtika aura dhArmika jIvana ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa vAle sthAna para rahanA / 12) samAja meM nindA aura ghRNA ho, aise nindanIya kArya kabhI nahIM karanA / 13) Aya kama aura vyaya adhika kA siddhAnta apanAkara jIvana ko asta-vyasta nahIM banAnA / 14 ) haisiyata na hone para bhI phaizana meM par3akara bahumUlya evaM caTakIle bhar3akIle vastra pahanane ke bajAya sAdagIpUrNa vastra pahananA / 15) vicAra aura vyavahAra ko nirmala karane vAle dharmopadeza kA zravaNa svayaM bhI karanA anyoM ko bhI karAnA / 16) svAda ke lie nahIM, apitu svAsthya ke lie bhojana karanA, jisase akAraNa bImArI na ho evaM parijanoM ko upacAra Adi ke lie vyartha bhAga-daur3a na karanI pdd'e| 17 ) dharma, artha aura kAma meM paraspara samanvaya rakhanA, jisase hamArA hara vyavahAra naitika evaM sAmAjika 519 adhyAya 9: samAja- prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 29
Page #610
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mUlyoM se yukta rhe| 18) 'merA so saccA' aisA durAgraha na kara 'saccA so merA' aisA anAgrahapUrNa jIvana jiinaa| 19) zatruoM ke bhI guNa hI dekhanA arthAt guNAnurAgI bnnaa| 20) deza, kAla aura zakti ke AdhAra para vicAra evaM vyavahAra meM upayogI parivartana lAte rhnaa| 21) AcAravAn vratiyoM evaM jJAnavAn vidvAnoM kI sevA meM sadaiva tatpara rahanA, kyoMki sevA se __ satsamAgama, satsamAgama se samyagjJAna aura samyagjJAna se sadAcArapUrNa jIvana kI prApti hotI hai| 22) adhikAroM kI Asakti chor3anA aura uttaradAyitvoM ke pAlana meM tatpara rahanA arthAt Sense of ___ duty to rakhanA, lekina Sense of attachment nhiiN| 23) samAja aura parivAra meM panapatI choTI-choTI burAiyoM ko bhI najaraandAja nahIM karanA aura pratyeka pahalU kA sUkSma evaM yathocita vizleSaNa kara zAnti ke sAtha usake nivAraNa kA prayatna krnaa| 24) mAtA-pitA gurujana Adi kA upakAra sadaiva yAda rkhnaa| yogazAstra meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki kRtajJatA prakaTa karanA, dhanyavAda denA yA AbhArI honA, svastha aura sahaja samAja kI pahacAna hai|87 25) susaMskArita hokara samAja meM sabakA priya (lokapriya) bnnaa| 26) anucita kArya karate hue lajjA mahasUsa krnaa| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'lAja sudhAre kaaj'| 27) dUsaroM ko kaSTa dene ke pUrva yaha socanA ki 'jaisI pIr3A mujhe hotI hai, vaisI hI ise bhI hotI ____ hogI, ataH maiM dUsaroM ko kaSTa kyoM duuN|' 28) vipattiyoM meM bhI sadaiva zAnta, zItala aura saumya rhnaa| 29) duHkhiyoM para anukampA krnaa| 30) dUsaroM ke lie kAma A sakU~, sadaiva aisI bhAvanA rkhnaa| 31) kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada aura mAtsarya - ina chaH zatruoM se sadaiva dUra rhnaa| 32) indriyoM ke viSayoM kI lAlasA ko sImita krnaa| 33) dUsaroM kI khuziyoM kI khAtira jarUrata par3ane para apanI khuziyoM kA tyAga karane ke lie sadaiva taiyAra rhnaa| 34) kisI vyakti kI svatantratA meM bAdhaka na bananA aura na hI use rassI Adi se baaNdhnaa| 35) kisI vyakti ko DaNDe Adi se nahIM mAranA yA piittnaa| 36) kisI kI lAcArI kA galata phAyadA nahIM utthaanaa| 37) kisI ko ucita pArizramika se kama nahIM denA aura na hI akAraNa kisI kI AjIvikA chinnaa| 38) kisI vyakti para usakI zakti se adhika kArya-bhAra nahIM laadnaa| 39) naukara-cAkara Adi ko samaya para bhojana-pAnI evaM vetana denaa| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 30 520 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #611
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 40) kisI kI rakama yA dharohara ko na to har3apanA aura na hI kama denaa| 41) nyAyAdhIza yA saMgha ke samakSa jhUThI gavAhI nahIM denaa| 42) parivAra yA samAja meM kisI bhI vyakti para jhUThA doSAropaNa nahIM krnaa| 43) sunI-sunAI bAta ke AdhAra para kisI ke bhI prati galata dhAraNA nahIM banAnA, kyoMki jaba A~khoM dekhI bAta bhI asatya ho sakatI hai, to sunI-sunAI bAta kA kyA vizvAsa? 44) kisI kI ha~sI nahIM ur3AnA aura na hI kisI ko tAnA denaa| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'roga kI ___jar3a khA~sI aura jhagar3e kI jar3a haaNsii'| 45) kisI kI gupta bAta ko anya ke sAmane prakaTa nahIM krnaa| 46) pati-patnI hoM, to eka-dUsare kI gupta bAteM anya ko nahIM batAnA, anyathA kuTumba meM vaimanasya aura bAhara meM badanAmI hotI hai| 47) kisI ko bhI nApa-taula kI gar3abar3I, cAlAkIpUrNa vyApAra Adi samAja viparIta samajhAIza nahIM denaa| 48) jhUThe dastAveja , jAlI lekha, nakalI bila , jhUThI bilTI, nakalI noTa Adi gaira-kAnUnI AcaraNa nahIM krnaa| 49) corI nahIM karanA aura na hI corI kI vastu khriidnaa| 50) taskarI, seMdha mAranA Adi anucita kArya na karanA aura na hI karane kI preraNA denaa| 51) rAjya ke nIti-niyamoM ke viruddha koI bhI kArya nahIM krnaa| 52) sarakAra ko ucita Taiksa cukAnA aura grAhaka se ucita dAma lekara sahI mAla becnaa| 53) parastrI athavA parapurUSa se yauna sambandha nahIM karanA anyathA parivAra meM kalaha evaM loka meM badanAmI hotI hai| 54) vivAha ke pUrva kisI bhI strI yA purUSa ke sAtha asAmAjika vyavahAra (anaMgakrIr3Adi) nahIM krnaa| 55) vivAha ke pazcAt svastrI athavA svapurUSa meM santoSa rkhnaa| 56) arjita sampatti meM santoSa rakhanA aura jamIna-jAyadAda Adi ke nimitta kleza-kalaha nahIM krnaa| 57) bhogopabhoga ke sAdhanoM para apanA ekAdhikAra nahIM jamAnA, apitu samAja ke dIna-duHkhI jIvoM ___para bhI anukaMpA karanA, tAki sAmAjika viSamatA niyaMtrita ho ske| 58) kisI ke sAtha aisA vyavahAra nahIM karanA, jo hameM apane lie pasanda na ho|" 59) sabako samAna dRSTi se dekhnaa| 60) sabake prati kuTumbavat vyavahAra karanA, kisI ko bhI apanA zatru nahIM maannaa| yaha smaraNa rakhanA ki - 521 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana 31 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #612
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sarvepyamI bandhutayAnubhUtaH, sahasrazo'sminbhavatA bhvaabdhau| jIvAstato bandhava eva sarve, na ko'pi te zatruriti prtiihi|| arthAt saMsAra ke jIvoM ko hajAroM bAra isa jIva ne svajana ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai, ataH ye sabhI jIva zatru nahIM arthAt bandhu rUpa hI haiN| 61) burA karane vAle ke prati bhI burA nahIM socanA, apitu apane hI pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala ke rUpa meM paristhiti ko svIkAra krnaa| 62) nirlipta bhAva se jagat meM jInA aura yaha smaraNa rakhanA ki - ego'haM natthi me koI, nAhamannassa kssi| evaM adINa maNaso appaannmnnusaase|| ego me sAsao appA, nANa - dNsnnsNjuo| sesA me bAhirA bhAvA, savve sNjog-lkkhnnaa|| saMjoga-mUlA jIveNa, pattA dukkh-prNpraa| tamhA saMjoga-sambandhaM, savvaM tiviheNa vosiriaN|| arthAt "maiM eka hU~, merA koI nhiiN| isa prakAra, adInamana hokara (ullasita bhAvoM ke sAtha) AtmA ko anuzAsita karanA caahie| maiM eka hU~, zAzvat hU~ aura jJAna-darzana se yukta AtmA huuN| zeSa sabhI zarIrAdi bAhya haiM aura ye sabhI saMyoga rUpa haiN| ina saMyogoM ko apanA mAnane se jIva hamezA duHkha hI pAtA hai| ataH maiM ina sabhI saMyoga sambandhoM ko mana, vacana evaM kAyA se chor3atA huuN|" 63) viSama se viSama paristhiti meM bhI himmata nahIM hAranA aura na hI asAmAjika kArya krnaa| yAda rakhanA - krodhAdika vase raNa same, sahyAM dukkha anek| te jo samatA mAM sahe, to tuja kharo vivek|| arthAt krodhAdika ke vazIbhUta hokara to atIta meM aneka bAra yuddha bhUmi para duHkhoM ko sahana kiyaa| yadi inhIM duHkhoM ko samatA bhAva se sahana kara liyA jAe, to yaha hamArA sahI viveka hogaa| 64) svayaM ke dvArA bhUla hone para kSamA mA~ga lenA evaM dUsaroM ke dvArA bhUla hone para unheM kSamA kara denaa| kahA bhI gayA hai khAmemi savvajIve, savve jIvA khamaMtu me| mittI me savvabhUesu, veraM majjha na keNai / / 32 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 522 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #613
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ arthAt sabhI jIvoM se maiM kSamA mA~gatA hU~ aura sabhI jIva mujhe kSamA kreN| merI sabhI se maitrI hai, kisI se bhI merA vaira nhiiN| 65) IMTa kA javAba patthara se dene kI nIti nahIM apanAnA, kyoMki atthi satthaM pareNa paraM, natthi asatthaM pareNa paraM / arthAt zastra eka se bar3hakara eka haiM, parantu azastra (ahiMsA) kA koI tor3a nhiiN|" 66) parigraha se prema parijanoM se dveSa kA kAraNa na bana jAe, isa hetu parigraha kA sImAkaraNa krnaa| kahA bhI gayA hai pariggaha-niviTThANaM, veraM tesiM pavaDDai arthAt jo parigraha meM vyasta haiM, ve saMsAra meM apane prati vaira hI bar3hAte haiN| 67) pahale vicAranA, phira bolanA, tAki sAmAjika asantoSa utpanna na ho|99 68) sadaiva nirbhaya rhnaa|100 69) kaThina paristhitiyoM meM bhI dhairya rakhanA, kyoMki dhairyazIla vyakti ke lie koI bhI kArya asambhava nahIM hai|101 70) svArtha tajanA aura sevA (vaiyAvRtya) karanA, kyoMki svArtha se sirpha paisA mila sakatA hai, parantu prema to sevA se hI milegaa| 71) karma karanA, lekina niSkAma (anidAna) bhAva se karanA, kyoMki svayaM bhagavAn ne bhI isakI prazaMsA kI hai|102 72) jagat meM prApta vastuoM kA upayoga karanA, lekina unakA svAmI nahIM bananA (We have use right, but we don't have ownership right) / kahA bhI gayA hai103 - Atamabuddhe ho kAyAdika grahyo, bahirAtama agha ruup| kAyAdikano ho sAkhIdhara rahyo, antara Atama ruup| 73) sabakA bhalA karanA , lekina ehasAna nahIM jtaanaa| 74) apanI icchA se jIne ke bajAya parecchAcArI arthAt para kI icchA se jIne kA bhI abhyAsa karanA,104 isa hetu zrImadrAjacaMdra kA jIvana anukaraNIya hai| 75) sAmAjika jIvana meM jIte hue apanI AtmasAdhanA meM nirantara pragati karate rhnaa| 76) apane parivAra evaM samAja ko sAMsArika nahIM, apitu AdhyAtmika banAnA, jisameM hara sadasya ko Asaktijanya nahIM, varan anAsaktijanya sukha kI prApti ho ske| 523 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #614
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jahA~ 'mere' aura 'tere' kA gherA hai, vahA~ para bhava-bhava kA pherA hai| aura jahA~ koI nahIM, kucha nahIM kA guMjana hai, vahA~ sukha, zAnti aura Ananda kA madhubana hai| uparyukta sUtroM ko jAna lenA hI paryApta nahIM, inheM prayoga meM bhI lAnA hogaa| inheM prayoga meM lAne kA artha hai, inake anusAra vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana-praNAlI ko ddhaalnaa| yadi ina sUtroM ke AdhAra para hama apane vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana ko samyak prakAra se niyaMtrita karane meM saphala hote haiM, to hI sAmAjika-prabandhana sambhava hogaa| isakA matalaba yaha kataI nahIM hai ki isameM vyakti kA lAbha nahIM, kevala samAja kA lAbha hai, vastutaH ye sUtra jisake jIvana meM utareMge, vaha to vyakti hI hai aura vyakti samAja kA hI eka aMga hai| ===== ===== 34 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 524 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #615
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 9.6 niSkarSa jainadarzana nivRttiparaka dharma hote hue bhI eka saMghIya dharma hai| isameM saMgha yA samAja ko kevala vyaktiyoM kA samUha athavA sambandhoM kA jAla hI nahIM, apitu sadguNoM kA samUha bhI mAnA gayA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM saMgha yA samAja naitika evaM AdhyAtmika AdarzoM kA anusaraNa karane vAle vyaktiyoM kA ekIkRta samUha hai| jainAcAryoM ne samajhane ke lie bhale hI vyakti aura samAja ko bhinna-bhinna mAnA hai, parantu mUlataH unakI mAnyatA yaha hai ki vyakti aura samAja donoM abhinna haiM aura samAjahita meM vyaktihita tathA vyaktihita meM samAjahita nihita hai| jainadarzana meM samAja ke laukika evaM lokottara donoM vibhAgoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ laukika samAja ke antargata vyakti ko apane laukika karttavyoM, jaise - dezAcAra kA pAlana, nyAyapUrvaka vyApAra, mAtA-pitA kI sevA Adi kA pAlana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, to vahIM lokottara samAja ke antargata dhArmika karttavyoM, jaise - sAdhu-sAdhvI kI sevA-zuzrUSA, satsAhitya kA zravaNa evaM adhyayana, sAdharmika vAtsalya Adi kA pAlana karane kA nirdeza bhI diyA gayA hai| ina nirdezoM ko saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika stara para svIkAra karake pratyeka vyakti apanA jIvana-prabandhana kara sakatA hai| vaha pArivArika, dhArmika , Arthika, sAMskRtika, rAjanItika, zaikSaNika Adi kSetroM meM kArya karatA huA apane vyavahAroM ko saMyanita evaM niyaMtrita kara sakatA hai aura isa prakAra jItA huA samAja-prabandhana ke tInoM uddezyoM kI prApti meM apanI sakArAtmaka bhUmikA adA kara sakatA hai| 1) sAmAjika zAnti 2) sAmAjika susaMskAroM kA saMrakSaNa 3) sAmAjika pragati =====< >===== 525 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana 35 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #616
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 9.7 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| kra. prazna uttara sandarbha pR. kra. vikalpa- alpa-0 ThIka-(c) acchA-9 bahuta acchA pUrNa-7 1) kyA Apa samAja ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? 2) kyA Apa samAja ko mahattva dete haiM? 3) kyA Apa samAja ke prakAroM ko jAnate haiM? vikalpa- hA~-0 nahIM4) kyA Apako Arthika asantoSa rahatA hai? 5) kyA Apa U~ca-nIca kA bheda-bhAva rakhate haiM? kyA Apa andhavizvAsa evaM andharUr3hiyoM se jIte haiM? kyA Apa mAdaka-dravyoM kA sevana karate haiM? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcit-0 kabhI-kabhI-(r) aksara-9 hamezA-G 8) kyA Apa parivAra meM zAnti rakhane meM nimitta banate haiM? 9) kyA Apa parivAra meM susaMskAroM kA saMrakSaNa karane meM nimitta banate haiM? 10) kyA Apa parivAra kI pragati meM sahayogI banate haiM? 11) kyA ApakI manovRtti meM nirmalatA rahatI hai? 12) kyA Apa sakArAtmaka dRSTikoNa rakhate haiM? 13) kyA Apa maitrI, pramoda, karUNA evaM mAdhyastha bhAvanA rakhate haiM? 14) kyA Apa anekAnta dRSTikoNa (vaicArika sahiSNutA) rakhate haiM? 15) kyA Apa svArtha, parArtha evaM paramArtha meM pArasparika sAmaMjasya rakhate haiM? 16) kyA Apa kAma evaM artha ke bhAvoM para niyantraNa rakhate haiM? 17) kyA Apa Sense of duty se jIte haiM? 18) kyA Apa dUsaroM ke kAryoM meM sahayoga karate haiM? 19) kyA Apa kSamA mA~gane evaM dene kI taiyArI rakhate haiM? 20) kyA Apa parecchAcArI banakara jIte haiM? kula kula 0-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara alpatama 36 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 526 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #617
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 1 jainabhAratI (patrikA), maI, 2003, pR. 45-47 2 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina se carcA ke AdhAra para 3 yUnIphAiDa samAjazAstra (bI.e.1), ravIndranAtha mukarjI, pR. 53 4 vahI, pR. 53 5 vyavahArabhASya, 1677 6 vyavahArasUtra saTIka, uddezya 3 (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 7/77 se uddhRta) 7 nandIsUtra, 19 8 samAja aura saMskRti, upA.amaramuni, pR. 233 9 vahI, pR. 238 10 pro.pI.sI. karor3e se carcA ke AdhAra para 11 yUnIphAiDa samAjazAstra (bI.e.1), ravIndranAtha mukarjI, pR. 59 12 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1032 13 Ethical Studies, F. Bradly, p. 160 14 yUnIphAiDa samAjazAstra (bI.e.1), ravIndranAtha mukarjI, pR. 126-127 15 sAmAjika vighaTana tathA punargaThana, saralA dube, pR. 13 16 vahI, pR. 13 17 yUnIphAiDa samAjazAstra (bI.e.1), ravIndranAtha mukarjI, pR. 127 18 sAmAjika vighaTana tathA punargaThana, saralA dube, pR. 16-17 19 vahI, pR. 15 20 yUnIphAiDa soziyolaoNjI, pro.DI.esa. baghela, pR. 45 21 vahI, pR. 45 22 samAjadarzana kI bhUmikA, DaoN.rAjyazrI agravAla, pR. 18 23 vahI, pR. 68 24 vahI, pR. 68 25 vahI, pR. 68 26 parivAra meM rahane kI kalA, DaoN.bhIkamacanda prajApati, pR. 10 27 samAjadarzana kI bhUmikA, DaoN.rAjyazrI agravAla, pR. 69-70 28 vahI, pR. 128 29 sthAnAMgasUtra, pR. 1/2 30 samAjadarzana kI bhUmikA, DaoN.rAjyazrI agravAla, pR. 129 31 vahI, pR. 126 32 vahI, pR. 129-132 33 sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/1/109 34 vahI, 4/3/430 35 vahI, 4/4/605 36 samAjadarzana kI bhUmikA, DaoN.rAjyazrI agravAla, pR. 104 37 vahI, pR. 93 38 sAmAjika vighaTana tathA punargaThana, saralA dube, pR. 122-126 39 vahI, pR. 135-136 40 jainabhAratI (patrikA), disaMbara, 2005, pR. 29 41 sAmAjika vighaTana tathA punargaThana, saralA dube, pR. 296-301 42 vahI, pR. 259-261 43 vahI, pR. 256 44 vahI, pR. 79 45 ekkA maNussajAi - AcArAMganiyukti, pR. 19 46 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 25/33 47 sAmAjika vighaTana tathA punargaThana, saralA dube, pR. 97-98 48 samAjadarzana kI bhUmikA, DaoN.rAjyazrI agravAla, pR. 129 49 zrImaddevacandra, viharamAna bIsI, 12/6 50 jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 276 51 yogazAstra, 3/16 52 sAmAjika vighaTana tathA punargaThana, saralA dube, pR. 93 53 vahI, pR. 82 54 tattvArthasUtra, 5/29 55 vahI, 5/21 56 samAjadarzana kI bhUmikA, DaoN.rAjyazrI agravAla, pR. 183 57 prabodhaTIkA, 3/13/4, pR. 685 58 naMdIsUtra, 4-11 59 prabodhaTIkA, 3/2 60 vyavahArabhASya, 1681 61 AnaMdasvAdhyAyasaMgraha, bRhatzAMtistotra, pR. 34-38 62 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/155 63 darzanaprAbhRta, 2 64 vahI, 21 65 sUtraprAbhRta, 5 66 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/157 67 sAmAyikapATha, amitagati, 1 68 padmavijaya, caubIsI, 1 69 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/223-234 527 adhyAya 9: samAja-prabandhana 37 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #618
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 104 zrImadAjacandra, patrAMka 376, pR. 339-340 70 Anandaghana caubIsI, 22/1 71 prabodhaTIkA, 1/292 72 zrImaddevacandra, snAtrapUjA 73 vIrajinastuti (jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/162-163 se udadhRta) 74 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 2/1/bhUmikA 1,2 75 vahI, 2/1/2 76 saMghAcArabhASya, 1 adhi. 1 prastA. (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 5/697 se uddhRta) 77 vahI, (vahI, 5/697 se uddhRta) 78 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/164-165 79 vahI, pR. 165 80 sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/135 81 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 4/8 82 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 9/2/23 83 maraNasamAdhi, 147 (prAkRtasUktikoza, maho.candraprabhasAgara, pR. 119 se uddhRta) 84 Avazyakaniyukti, 1156 85 itthI jUyaM majjaM, migavva vayaNe tahA pharusayA y| daMDapharusattamatthassa dUsaNaM satta vsnnaaii|| - samaNasuttaM, 303 86 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/5/10 87 naI duniyA (samAcAra patra), 18/1/2004, ravivArIya, pR. 8 88 bRhatkalpabhASya, 1320 89 yogazAstra, 1/47-56 (jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 236-262 se uddhRta) 90 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/22 91 bRhatkalpabhASya, 4584 92 Ayao bahiyA pAsa - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/3 93 zAntasudhArasa, 13/5 94 prabodhaTIkA, 3/62-63 95 zrImaddevacandra, sattvabhAvanA, 2 96 prabodhaTIkA, 2/124 97 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/3/4/4 98 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/9/3 99 vyavahArabhASya, pIThikA, 76 100 nizIthabhASya, 273 101 bRhatkalpabhASya, 1357 102 sthAnAMgasUtra, 6/1 103 Anandaghana caubIsI, 5/3 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 528 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #619
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 10 - artha prabandhana J WEALTH MANAGEMENT WEALTELE For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #620
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #621
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.1 artha kI paribhASA evaM avadhAraNA 10. 2 jIvana meM artha kA mahattva evaM sthAna 10.3 jaina jIvanadRSTi meM artha kA mahattva 10.4 asantulita amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita arthanIti ke duSpariNAma 10.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para artha- prabandhana 10.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para artha-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 10.6.1 parigraha evaM usakI avadhAraNA 10.6.2 parigraha ke bheda 10.6.3 aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga parigraha kA sahasambandha 10.6.4 aMtaraMga - parigraha kI pradhAnatA 10.6.5 aMtaraMga parigraha ke mUla kAraNa 10.6.6 parigraha prabandhana icchAoM kA prabandhana 10.6.7 parigraha kA sImAkaraNa parigraha-parimANa vrata 10.6.8 artha - prabandhana kI prakriyA : adhyAya 10 artha-prabandhana (Wealth Management ) (1) AvazyakatAoM kA samyak nirdhAraNa (2) AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA samyak prayatna (ka) sAdhanoM ke prayoga meM sAvadhAniyA~ (kha) AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie ucita prakriyAe~ 1) grahaNa - prabandhana 2) surakSA - prabandhana 3) upabhoga-prabandhana 4) saMgraha-prabandhana (ga) artha- prabandhana kA vikAsa krama - 10.7 niSkarSa 10.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment: A questionnaire ) sandarbhasUcI For Personal & Private Use Only Page No. Chap. Cont. 1 529 46 5 48886 ja7 15 19 30 39 39 41 44 45 47 48 50 50 53 868 8 8 8 8 58 53 55 58 60 62 63 66 77 79 80 537 543 547 558 567 567 569 572 573 574 575 576 578 578 581 581 583 586 588 590 591 594 605 607 608
Page #622
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #623
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 10 artha-prabandhana (Wealth Management) 10.1 artha kI paribhASA evaM avadhAraNA bhAratIya vAGmaya meM 'artha' eka aisA bahupracalita zabda hai, jisake bhinna-bhinna prasaMgoM meM bhinna-bhinna Azaya hote haiN| saMskRta-hindI zabdakoza meM 'artha' ke aneka arthoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise - abhidheya (Meaning), prayojana (Objective), kAraNa yA hetu (Means), dhana-sampati (Wealth), vastu (Goods) ityaadi|' cU~ki prastuta adhyAya kA sambandha arthazAstra se hai, ataH 'artha' kI samyak paribhASA ke nirdhAraNa ke pUrva vividha arthazAstroM meM nihita 'artha' zabda kA tAtparya jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai| 10.1.1 arthazAstra kI dRSTi meM artha (1) AcArya cANakya praNIta kauTilIya arthazAstra ke anusAra, manuSyoM ke jIvana-yApana ke sAdhanoM sahita vaha bhUmi bhI 'artha' hai, jahA~ manuSya rahate haiN|' (2) Adhunika arthazAstra ke janaka sara eDama smitha (1723-1790) ke anusAra, 'artha' kA Azaya dhana-sampatti (Wealth) se hai| (3) suprasiddha arthazAstrI pro. alphreDa mArzala (1890) kA kathana hai ki vaha pratyeka vastu 'artha' hai, jisase vyakti kA bhautika-kalyANa (Physical Welfare) hotA hai|' (4) suvikhyAta arthazAstrI pro. raoNbinsa (1932) ne apekSAkRta vyApaka evaM tarkasaMgata dRSTikoNa prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki vaha pratyeka mAnavIya vyavahAra (Human Behaviour) 'artha' hai, jisakI bAjAra meM mA~ga (Demand) hai| isa paribhASA ke AdhAra para nimna sabhI mAnavIya vyavahAroM kA samAveza 'artha' ke rUpa meM ho jAtA hai - bhautika yA abhautika donoM hI vyavahAra (kArya) 'artha' haiN| udAharaNArtha, DaoNkTara, vakIla, sI.e., zikSaka , salAhakAra Adi kI sevAe~ abhautika hote hue bhI 'artha' haiN| * Arthika (Monetary) evaM anArthika (Non-monetary) donoM hI vyavahAra 'artha' haiN| 529 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #624
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ udAharaNArtha, parijanoM ke lie gRhiNI dvArA bhojana banAnA anArthika kArya hote hue bhI 'artha' hai| sAdhAraNa athavA asAdhAraNa donoM vyavahAra 'artha' haiM aura isIlie vaijJAnika anusandhAna Adi asAdhAraNa (Uncommon/Special) vyavahAra bhI 'artha' hI haiN| * sAmAjika evaM asAmAjika donoM prakAra kA vyavahAra 'artha' hai| udAharaNArtha, ekAntavAsI dvIpavAsI evaM vanavAsI manuSyoM kA vyavahAra ekAkI (asAmAjika) hote hue bhI 'artha' hai| vartamAna meM pro. raoNbinsa kI ukta paribhASA hI Arthika jagat meM sarvAdhika mAnya hai| isake anusAra, samasta sAMsArika vastue~ tathA vyavahAra 'artha' haiM, jinakI bAjAra meM AvazyakatA hai| ataH sampUrNa jar3a evaM cetana jagat kA 'artha' meM samAveza hai| yahA~ taka ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, zabda Adi acaitasika zaktiyA~ tathA jJAna, anubhava, bhAvanA, manobala Adi caitasika zaktiyA~ bhI 'artha' hI haiN| bhautika-santuSTi ke lakSya se kiyA jA rahA pratyeka vyavahAra 'artha' hai| 'artha' sambandhI uparyukta dRSTikoNa bahuta hada taka bhAratIya-dArzanika vicAradhArAoM se sammata hai| jahA~ eka ora pro. raoNbinsa ne 'artha' ke vyApaka svarUpa ko prastuta kiyA, vahIM isakI maryAdA bhI nizcita kii| unhoMne kevala usI vastu (vyavahAra) ko 'artha' mAnA, jisakI bAjAra meM mA~ga hai yAni jo sImita yA durlabha (Scarce) hai| udAharaNArtha, sar3e hue TamATara bar3I mAtrA meM hone para bhI 'artha' nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki unakI bAjAra meM koI mA~ga hI nahIM hotii| yaha artha-viSayaka maryAdA bhI isa adhyAya meM svIkArya hai, kyoMki yahA~ para vyaktivizeSa ke lie usI vastu yA vyavahAra ko 'artha' mAnanA aucityapUrNa hogA, jisase usa vyakti kA jIvana-yApana hetu sarokAra hai| bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA meM 'artha' ko purUSArtha kahA gayA hai, jisameM uparyukta AzayoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, kyoMki ye vyAkhyAe~ bhI 'artha' ko eka purUSArtha (vyavahAra) ke rUpa meM hI dekhatI haiN| (5) bhAratIya arthazAstrI pro. je. ke. mehatA (20vIM zatAbdI) ke anusAra, vaha pratyeka vyavahAra 'artha' hai, jisake lie mAnava icchA karatA hai| unakA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki icchAvihInatA (Wantlessness) hI manuSya kA parama lakSya honA cAhie, kyoMki isI dazA meM parama zAnti evaM santuSTi kI upalabdhi sambhava hai|' isa prakAra, bhAratIya evaM jainadarzana se sAmya rakhate hue pro. je. ke. mehatA ne AvazyakatAoM ke nyUnIkaraNa (Minimization of needs) para bala dete hue manuSya kI adhikatama santuSTi ke upAya ko 'artha' kahA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 530 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #625
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.1.2 jainaAcArazAstra kI dRSTi meM artha jainazAstroM meM bhI artha - viSayaka anekAneka dRSTiyA~ prApta hotI haiM, jinase 'artha' zabda kI anekArthatA kA paricaya milatA hai, jaise zabda ke abhiprAya yA Azaya ko 'artha' kahate haiN| sUtra ke abhidheya (kathya) ko 'artha' kahate haiM / ' 10 jAnane, prApta karane athavA nizcita karane yogya tathya ko 'artha' kahate haiM / dravya ko 'artha' kahate haiM / 11 vividha rUpoM (paryAyoM) ko prApta karane vAle dravya ko bhI 'artha' kahate haiN|' maNi, kanaka Adi ko 'artha' kahate haiN| 13 14 rAjalakSmI Adi ko 'artha' kahate haiM / " -- 15 sattA, sattva, sAmAnya, dravya, anvaya, vastu aura vidhi ko 'artha' kahate haiN| svarga evaM mokSa kI prApti meM kAraNabhUta sAdhana 'artha' hai / " sarva prayojanoM kI siddhi jisase hotI hai, vaha 'artha' hai| 17 jaina bhASA zAstroM meM anekArthI zabda ke arthavizeSa kA prasaMgataH cayana karane ke lie 'samabhirUr3ha naya' (rUr3ha artha ko grahaNa karane vAlA dRSTikoNa) kA prayoga karane kA nirdeza milatA hai| 18 isa AdhAra para prastuta adhyAya meM 'artha' ko Age vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA rahA hai| 10. 1.3 artha kI samyak paribhASA: prastuta adhyAya ke sandarbha meM isa adhyAya meM 'artha' kA Azaya kevala mudrA (Currency ) nahIM hai / sthUla stara (Macrolevel) para to bhautika evaM caitasika donoM prakAra kI vastue~ 'artha' haiN| ataH, AtmA, karma, zarIra, dhana, sampatti, parijana Adi sabakA samAveza 'artha' zabda meM ho jAtA hai| pravacanasAra meM gurU-ziSya saMvAda ke mAdhyama se artha ke abhiprAya ko suspaSTa kiyA gayA hai| ziSya ne pUchA 'kaH khalvarthaH' ('artha' kyA hai ? ) AcArya ne javAba diyA sva (AtmA) tathA para (anAtmA) rUpa meM avasthita sampUrNa vizva hI 'artha' hai| 18 cU~ki vizva to aneka dravyoM kA samUha hai aura pratyeka dravya ke Azrita usakI ananta zaktiyA~ (guNa) vidyamAna haiM, jo nirantara parivartanazIla rahakara apanA-apanA kArya (paryAya) karatI rahatI haiM, ataH samasta dravya-guNa- paryAya kA samAveza 'artha' meM ho jAtA hai| 20 isa prakAra, azeSa rUpa se samasta bAhya (nijAtmA se anya) tathA Abhyantara padArtha (AtmA) 'artha' hI hai| 531 phira bhI, jIvanayAtrA meM pratyeka vyakti kI apanI-apanI nizcita jaivika AvazyakatAe~ hotI haiM, jinakI pUrtti vaha bAhya vastuoM, jaise- bhojana, AvAsa, vAhana, vastra, mudrA Adi se karatA hai| isa hetu vaha aMtaraMga vastu arthAt AtmA evaM usakI jJAna, icchA, kaSAya, ruci, purUSArtha Adi zaktiyoM kA adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana - For Personal & Private Use Only 3
Page #626
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prayoga bhI karatA hai| ataH, sUkSma-stara (Micro-level) para kisI vyaktivizeSa ke lie apanI jaivika AvazyakatAoM se sambandhita bAhya tathA Abhyantara vastue~ hI 'artha' haiN| isa prakAra, jIvana meM 'artha' kI alpa athavA adhika AvazyakatA vizuddha rUpa se vyakti para nirbhara hai| yaha pratisamaya badalatI huI nyUnatama zUnya rUpa tathA adhikatama sampUrNa lokapramANa bhI ho sakatI hai| merI dRSTi meM, 'artha' kI niSkarSAtmaka paribhASA isa prakAra ho sakatI hai - "vaiyaktika athavA sAmAjika stara para, bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana ko lakSya meM rakhakara, jIvana ke nirvAha evaM vikAsa se sambandhita, vibhinna AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie, jina bhautika evaM abhautika vastuoM evaM vyavahAroM (kAryo/bhAvoM) kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ve 'artha' kahalAtI haiN|" inake ucita prabandhana hetu mArgadarzana pradAna karanA hI isa adhyAya kI viSaya-vastu hai| prastuta adhyAya meM 'artha' zabda kahIM bAhya to kahIM AbhyaMtara, kahIM bhautika to kahIM abhautika aura kahIM vastu to kahIM vyavahAra (kArya yA bhAva) kA dyotaka hai, ataH prasaMgAnusAra ucita Azaya grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| 10.1.4 aitihAsika parivartana pratyeka yuga meM manuSya ne apane samaya evaM vicAroM kA bahuta bar3A bhAga jIvanopayogI vastuoM kI prApti hetu vyaya kiyA hai| Arthika kSetra meM hue satata anveSaNa ne sabhyatA ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| ataH, aitihAsika kAlakrama se artha kI prakRti ke bAre meM pracalita vividha vicAradhArAoM ko samajhanA jarurI hai| (1) prAcIna yuga - isameM AdhyAtmikatA aura naitikatA se maryAdita arthArjana karane vAlI jIvanazailI kI prAthamikatA thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsanakAla meM lagabhaga 5 lAkha logoM kA vratI yA saMyamI samAja thA, jo tatkAlIna janasaMkhyA kI tulanA meM koI choTA nahIM thaa| vaha parigraha-parimANa vrata Adi kA pAlana karate hue dharmAnukUla vyApAra Adi karatA thaa| licchavI gaNataMtra ke pramukha mahArAjA ceTaka usake pramukha sadasya the|" tathAgata buddha ne bhI apane anuyAyiyoM ko samyak AjIvikA kA upadeza diyA thA, jisameM mukhyatayA do prakAra ke nirdeza the - (ka) bhikSuoM ko bhikSu niyamoM ke anusAra bhikSA prApta krnaa| (kha) gRhasthoM ko gRhastha niyamoM ke anusAra AjIvikA arjita krnaa| hindU-darzana meM bhI trivarga avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para 'artha' aura 'kAma' purUSArtha ko isa prakAra se niyantrita karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA ki ve kabhI bhI dharma-purUSArtha ke lie bAdhaka na bneN| mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi granthoM meM dhana aura dharma donoM ko santulita mahattva diyA gyaa| kauTilya ne bhI apane jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #627
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ cANakya-sUtra meM eka samanvita dRSTikoNa diyaa| usake anusAra, sukha kA mUla dharma hai, dharma kA mUla artha hai, artha kA mUla rAjya hai aura rAjya kA mUla indriyajaya hai| isa prakAra, prAcIna yuga meM 'artha' kA upayoga dharma, naitikatA, caritra-nirmANa evaM adhyAtma ke sAtha samanvita rhaa| (2) madhya yuga - isameM kalA evaM zilpa kI vicAradhArA kA mahattva jyAdA rahA, jisase artha-vijJAna ke vikAsa kI ora bahuta kama dhyAna diyA jA skaa| 'artha' ke sambandha meM 'sAdA jIvana aura ucca vicAra' (Simple living and High thinking) kI naitika vicAradhArA kA bolabAlA rhaa| kAlAntara meM vaNikavAdI vicAradhArA ne artha ke adhikAdhika saMgraha tathA vaijJAnika adhyayana para bhI jora diyaa| (3) Adhunika yuga - isameM mUlataH bhautikavAdI vicAradhArA kI mukhyatA rahI hai| sara eDama smitha, pro. alphreDa mArzala, pro. pIgU, pro. kainana, pro. sara viliyama baivarija, pro. raoNbinsa, pro. je. ke. mehatA, zrI semyulasina, zrI ke. jI. seTha, zrI hiksa Adi anekAneka suvikhyAta arthazAstrI isI yuga kI dena haiN| 26 yaha yuga audyogika krAnti, saMcAra-krAnti, parivahana krAnti, cikitsakIya-krAnti Adi ke kAraNa prasiddha huaa| isameM naitika, cAritrika evaM AdhyAtmika pakSoM kI upekSA karake ekAnta se bhautikavAda ko mahattva diyA gyaa| vartamAna meM do mukhya Arthika praNAliyA~ pracalita haiM - pUMjIvAda (Capitalism) evaM sAmyavAda (Communism), lekina donoM kA mUla-darzana bhautikavAda hI hai|| bhArata meM bhI ina donoM kI sammizrita praNAlI pracalita hai| ___ Arthika vikAsa ke lie isa yuga meM bRhad prayatna kie jA rahe haiM, lekina unameM samIcInatA lAne hetu artha kI prakRti kA samyak vizleSaNa karanA atyanta Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| yahI vizleSaNa samyak artha-prabandhana kI AdhArazilA hai, jo isa prakAra hai10.1.5 artha kI AvazyakatA kyoM aura kaise? sAmAnyatayA eka Ama AdamI evaM pravRttimArgI sabhI vicAradhArAe~ dhana-sampatti ko sukha-zAnti kA sAdhana mAnatI haiM tathA inake upArjana ko anivArya karttavya bhI, kintu jainadarzana jaisI nivRttimArgI (mokSamArgI) vicAradhArAe~ inheM sukha-zAnti kA samyak sAdhana nahIM, varan saMjJA (Basic Instincts) rUpa kamajoriyoM kI pUrti ke lie eka vivazatAmAtra mAnatI haiM aura isIlie ye arthArjana ko jIvana kA anivArya kartavya bhI nahIM maantii| artha-prabandhana ke lie sarvaprathama yaha jAnanA jarurI hai ki artha kI AvazyakatA kyoM aura kaise utpanna ho jAtI hai? jainAcAryoM ne isakA tarkasaMgata tathA vaijJAnika vivecana kiyA hai| unake anusAra, saMsArI AtmA dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva meM pariNamana karatI huI vividha jIvanarUpoM (bhava) kI prApti karatI rahatI hai| 28 bhramavaza vaha ina jIvanarUpoM meM asthAyI rUpa se prApta saMyogoM, jaise - zarIra, parivAra, bhautika sampatti Adi ko hI apanA sarvasva mAna baiThatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, dina-rAta inase sambandhita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie asIma evaM antahIna parizrama bhI karatI rahatI hai| isa bhramita 533 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #628
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ athavA mUDha avasthA ko 'moha' kahate haiN| moha ke tIna rUpa haiM - 1) mithyAdarzana - satya ko satya nahIM maannaa| 2) mithyAjJAna - satya ko satya nahIM jaannaa| 3) mithyAcAritra - satya ko satya rUpa meM nahIM jiinaa|29 isa moha ke do pariNAma jIva ko prApta hote haiM - pAralaukika phala - pratisamaya karmoM kA bandhana tathA tadanusAra paraloka meM vividha jIvanarUpoM (cIMTI, bhramara, manuSya Adi) kI praapti| aihalaukika phala - pratisamaya mUla pravRttiyoM arthAt saMjJAoM (icchAoM) kI utpatti tathA tajjanya asantuSTi, azAnti tathA vyAkulatA kI praapti|30 isa moha se cAra prakAra kI saMjJAe~ utpanna hotI haiM, jinase chuTakArA pAne ke lie vyakti ko nimnalikhita prayatna karane par3ate haiM - AhAra saMjJA se sambandhita prayatna - bhANDa, pAtra, bhojyapadArtha Adi ko grahaNa krnaa| bhaya saMjJA se sambandhita prayatna - naukara-cAkara, AvAsAdi surakSA vyavasthA krnaa| maithuna saMjJA se sambandhita prayatna - aindrika viSaya, vijAtIya saMsarga Adi bhogopabhoga krnaa| parigraha saMjJA se sambandhita prayatna - dhana, dhAnya, kSetra, vAstu Adi kA saMgraha krnaa| sAmAnyatayA ina saMjJAoM ko svAbhAvika pravRtti tathA inakI pUrti ko sAhajika evaM anivArya karttavya ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai, kintu jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM, yadi moha kA abhAva kara diyA jAe, to saMjJAe~ evaM tathAkathita artha-dAyitva ke nirvAha kI bAdhyatA utpanna hI nahIM hogii| ataeva arthopArjana karanA saMjJAjanya duHkhoM ko upazAnta karane ke lie kevala eka vivazatA hai| Atma-sAdhanA ke dvArA moha evaM saMjJAoM kA alpIkaraNa karate hue artha kI AvazyakatA kA alpIkaraNa karanA caahie| kisI apekSA se yahI artha-prabandhana kI samyak prakriyA hai| __ullekhanIya hai ki suprasiddha arthazAstrI pro. je. ke. mehatA ne bhI icchAvihInatA (Wantlessness) ko hI AdarzAtmaka sthiti kahA hai| kisI dRSTi se unakA artha-darzana jainadharmadarzana kI avadhAraNA kI hI puSTi karatA hai| 10.1.6 jIvana meM artha kI bhUmikA vyavahAra ke dharAtala para artha kI upayogitA eka sarvamAnya satya hai| phira bhI, jIvana meM artha kI bhUmikA yA sthAna ko lekara cAra pakSa ho gae haiM, jinameM se samyak pakSa kA cayana karanA artha-prabandhaka kA anivArya karttavya hai| ye pakSa isa prakAra haiM - jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 534 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #629
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ artha ke lie artha - isa sthiti meM artha kA sAdhya sirpha artha hI bana jAtA hai, kyoMki vyakti artha-saMgraha ko hI sukha-Ananda kA AdhAra mAna letA hai| udAharaNa ke lie mammaNa seTha kA kathAnaka jainadharma meM prasiddha hai, jisane artha ko. jo malataH sAdhana hai. sAdhya mAna liyA thA aura apAra sampatti hone ke bAda bhI jo duHkha aura kaSTa pAtA huA evaM jAna ko jokhima meM DAlatA huA arthopArjana meM hI lagA rahA thaa| nizcita taura para yaha vikRta mAnasikatA kA pariNAma hai| * bhoga ke lie artha - isa sthiti meM artha kA sAdhya ekamAtra bhogopabhoga karanA hotA hai, kyoMki vyakti ise hI adhikatama santuSTi evaM sukha-Ananda kA kAraNa mAnatA hai| prAcInakAla meM cArvAka-darzana kI dRSTi meM bhI jIvana kA yahI prayojana rahA aura vartamAna kAla meM pro. raoNbinsa Adi suprasiddha arthazAstriyoM evaM eka sAmAnya AdamI kI jIvana-dRSTi bhI yahI hai| dharma ke lie artha - jaba artha kA uddezya naitika cAritra kI unnati ho, taba usakA sAdhya dharma ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM arthArjana aura arthopayoga donoM hI dharmahetu evaM dharmamaryAdita ho jAte haiN| prAcInakAla meM trivargIya avadhAraNA ke anuyAyiyoM kI vicAradhArA isI prakAra rhii| kahA bhI gayA hai - vidyA dadAti vinayaM, vinayAd yAti pAtratAm / pAtratvAd dhanamApnoti, dhanAd dharmaH tataH sukham / / mokSa ke lie artha - isa sthiti meM artha kA parama-sAdhya sarva-icchAoM se vimukti-rUpa mokSa-dazA hI hotI hai, kyoMki vyakti isa satya ko svIkAra kara letA hai ki icchA hI duHkha kA mUla hai| vaha zanaiH-zanaiH bAhya-artha kI AvazyakatA ko alpa, alpatara aura alpatama tathA Abhyantara artha (AtmA) ko zuddha , zuddhatara aura zuddhatama karatA jAtA hai| isI dRSTi se jaina muni kA yaha AcAra hai ki vaha AhAra evaM upadhi ko kevala saMyama kI sAdhanA ke lie hI grahaNa kare, na ki zArIrika tandurUstI/suDaulatA ke lie| kahA gayA hai - isa jagat meM munirAja hI sadA sukhI rahate haiM, kyoMki ve Atma-vaibhava ke samrAT hote haiN| grahe AhAra-vRtti pAtrAdika, saMyama sAdhana kaaj| devacandra ANAnujAI, nija saMpatti mhaaraaj|| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra evaM artha-prabandhana kI dRSTi se bhI yaha caturtha pakSa hI zreSTha hai, jisameM artha rUpI sAdhana kA bhUmikAnusAra ucita mAtrA meM prayoga karate hue, usa para nirbharatA ko zanaiH-zanaiH samApta kara diyA jAtA hai| artha-prabandhaka ke lie bhI yahI nIti anukaraNIya hai| isa prakAra, jIvana meM artha kI bhUmikA yA sthAna sAdhana ke rUpa meM hai, na ki sAdhya ke rUpa meN| 535 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #630
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.1.7 artha kendra meM athavA paridhi para pUrvokta carcA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai - jaba jIvana meM artha aura bhoga kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, taba tana, dhana, parijana Adi bAhya-arthoM kA sthAna kendra meM hotA hai aura vyakti (AtmA) kA paridhi pr| kintu, jaba dharma aura mokSa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, taba vyakti (AtmA) kA sthAna kendra meM hotA hai aura artha kA paridhi pr| pahalI sthiti meM artha ke lie jIvana hai, to dUsarI meM jIvana ke lie arth| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, yaha dvitIya sthiti hI artha-prabandhana ke lie ucita hai| 10.1.8 Abhyantara evaM bAhya artha meM sambandha jaise-jaise bAhya artha kA AkarSaNa, mahattva yA upayoga bar3hatA hai, vaise-vaise Abhyantara artha (AtmA) meM krodhAdi kaluSatA, vikAra tathA vibhAva kI mAtrA evaM tIvratA bhI bar3hatI haiN| ataeva jainAcAryoM ne sImita AvazyakatA evaM anAsaktipUrNa jIvana kI hI anuzaMsA kI hai| jainadharma meM bAhya-artha ko bAhya-parigraha aura Abhyantara artha meM utpanna hone vAle vikArI pariNAmoM ko Abhyantara-parigraha kahA gayA hai| bAhya-parigraha meM sabhI bhautika padArtha Ate haiM, jabaki Abhyantara-parigraha meM rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / inakA vistRta vivecana Age kiyA jaaegaa| =-=-=4 > ===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 536 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #631
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.2 jIvana meM artha kA mahattva evaM sthAna artha-prabandhana ke lakSya kI prApti ke lie jIvana ke vividha pakSoM - dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa meM artha kA kyA sthAna hai, isakA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa karanA atyAvazyaka hai| isase hI jIvana meM artha ke mahattva evaM sthAna kA sApekSika jJAna prApta ho sakatA hai| sAmAnyatayA mohagrasta jIvana meM vibhinna saMjJAoM (vAsanAoM evaM icchAoM) se vyakti Akula-vyAkula evaM santapta rahatA hai| usake pAsa ekamAtra samAdhAna hotA hai - 'arth'| 'artha' ke dvArA hI vaha vAsanAoM kI pUrti kara pAtA hai| ataH, aisI jIvanazailI meM artha kI upayogitA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| 10.2.1 sAmAnya vyAvahArika jIvana meM artha kI upayogitA eka Ama AdamI ke jIvana meM 'artha' nimna kAryoM athavA vyavahAroM kI pUrti ke lie Avazyaka hai - * jIvana-astitva kI buniyAdI AvazyakatAoM (Basic Necessities of Life) arthAt roTI, kapar3A aura makAna kI pUrti kA saadhn| jIvana kI surakSA kA sAdhana (Means of Safety Measures) zikSA-prApti kA sAdhana (Means of Education) cikitsakIya suvidhAoM kA sAdhana (Means of Medical Facilities) * AvAgamana kA sAdhana (Means of Travellings & Transportation) sampreSaNa kA sAdhana (Means of Communications) * vyApAra evaM udyogoM ke saMcAlana kA sAdhana (Means for operation of Trades & Industries) jIvana-upayogI vividha upakaraNoM evaM mazInoM ke nirmANa evaM prApti kA sAdhana (Means of Manufacturing & Procuring Various Equipments & Machines) * manoraMjana kA sAdhana (Means of Entertainment) * jIvana-suvidhAoM kI prApti kA sAdhana (Means of Comforts) vilAsitAoM kA sAdhana (Means of Luxeries) bhaviSya sambandhI vAMchita evaM avAMchita AvazyakatAoM, jaise - ucca zikSA, vivAha, bImArI, vRddhAvasthA Adi kI pUrti kA sAdhana (Means of Future Needs) bhUkampa, mahAmArI, upadravAdi se utpanna Akasmika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA sAdhana (Means of Casual Needs) 537 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #632
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAmAjika paricaya, pratiSThA evaM vyavahAra ke nirvAha kA sAdhana (Means of Social Needs) * paryAvaraNa ke rakha-rakhAva kA sAdhana (Means of Environmental Protection) jIvana meM udyamazIlatA evaM sakriyatA banAe rakhane kA sAdhana (Means for Being Busy & Active) anyoM kI sevA evaM sahayoga kA sAdhana (Means for Services & Helps) dhArmika vyavahAra kA sAdhana (Means for Religious Activities) sukha, zAnti evaM santuSTi kA sAdhana, vizeSataH garIboM, dIna-duHkhiyoM aura kamajoroM ke lie| isa prakAra, 'artha' se manuSya ke sabhI prayojana (laukika evaM pAralaukika) siddha ho sakate haiN|38 yahI kAraNa hai ki saMsAra meM jisake pAsa dhana (artha) hotA hai, use hI kulIna, paNDita, zAstrajJa, guNavAn , guNajJa , vaktA aura manojJa mAnA jAtA hai| 10.2.2 artha ke mahattva sambandhI vividha vicAradhArAe~ yadyapi artha ke mahattva ko sAmAnya vyakti se lekara vidvAnoM, dArzanikoM, cintakoM, vaijJAnikoM evaM sAdhakoM ne ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai, tathApi usakI prAthamikatA ko lekara inameM matabheda bhI haiN| samasta vicAradhArAoM ko prasaMgataH tIna prakAra se vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1) bhautika vicAradhArA 2) naitika vicAradhArA 3) AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA (1) bhautika vicAradhArA isake samarthakoM meM saMsAra ke adhikatama vyakti Ate haiN| ve 'artha' ko bhautika vikAsa kA sazakta sAdhana mAnakara jIvana meM sarvopari sthAna dete haiM, kintu ve artha ke duSpariNAmoM ko pUrI taraha se anadekhA kara dete haiN| bhautikavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA meM 'artha' kI mahattA kucha isa prakAra hai - sAmAnya vyakti kahatA hai - isa duniyA meM eka bhI manuSya aisA nahIM, jo dhana ke binA apanA kAma calA ske| jaise zvAsa zarIra kA saMcAlana karatI hai, vaise hI dhana jIvana kaa| dhana ke abhAva meM vyakti kI koI kImata nahIM, jaise zvAsa ke abhAva meM zarIra kii| * arthazAstrI kensa (Keynes) kahate haiM - hameM apane lakSya ko prApta karanA hai, sabako dhanI banAnA hai| isa mArga meM naitika vicAroM kA hamAre lie koI mUlya nahIM hai, kyoMki ye na kevala aprAsaMgika haiM, balki unnati ke mArga meM bAdhaka bhI haiN| cArvAka darzana kA mata hai - jIvana kA parama lakSya mokSa na hokara sAMsArika Ananda aura bhoga-vilAsa hI hai| jaba taka jIvana hai, taba taka sukhapUrvaka jInA cAhie aura sukha prApti ke lie jaise bhI ho sake artha kI prApti kara lenI caahie| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 538 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #633
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yAvajjIvaM sukhaM jIvet, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet| bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya, punarAgamanaM kutH|| isa prakAra, bhautika vicAradhArA ne arthopArjana kI prakriyA meM sAdhana-zuddhi ko bhI anadekhA kara jIvana meM 'artha' ko ekAnta se sarvopari sthAna diyA hai| vartamAna yuga meM isakA bhayaMkara duSprabhAva spaSTa dikhatA hai| artha ke khAtira hI bhraSTAcAra, ghoTAle, daheja, hatyAe~, apaharaNa, yuddha Adi pravRttiyA~ bar3ha rahI haiN| jainadRSTikoNa isa vicAradhArA se bhinna hai, jisakI carcA Age kI jaaegii| (2) naitika vicAradhArA yaha sAmAjika jIvana ko suvyavasthita banAne ke lie apanAI gaI eka prAcIna vyavasthA hai, jo dharma ke adhIna artha aura kAma ke samanvita sevana para jora detI hai| isameM dharma yA naitikatA se maryAdita artha ko hI ucita mAnA gayA hai| yaha artha ke anaitika (dharmaviruddha) pakSa ko nakAratI hai aura naitika (dharmaniyantrita) pakSa ko protsAhita karatI hai| isake do pramukha siddhAnta haiM - (ka) artha mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki yaha bhautika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA hai| (kha) dharmaviruddha artha mahattvahIna hai, kyoMki artha kI tulanA meM dharma yA naitikatA adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| (ka) artha mahattvapUrNa hai - naitika vicAradhArA meM 'artha' ke lie eka viveka-sammata prazaMsA kA bhAva hai, kyoMki isameM 'artha' ko jIvanaparyanta upAdeya mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi bhautikavAdI vicAradhArA ke samAna isameM bhI arthopArjana ko eka anivArya karttavya ke rUpa meM dekhA gayA hai, tathApi yaha artha ko kevala bhoga kA hI nahIM, kintu naitika evaM cAritrika unnati kA sAdhana bhI mAnatI hai| sAtha hI, yaha naitika vicAradhArA anucita sAdhanoM se kie jAne vAle dhanArjana ko bilkula bhI ucita nahIM mAnatI hai| naitikavAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM artha kI mahattA kucha isa prakAra hai mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai - dharma kA pAlana pUrNataH artha-Azrita hai| jisake pAsa artha hI nahIM, vaha apanA dAyitva-nirvAha bhI nahIM kara sktaa| jisa taraha pahAr3a se nadiyA~ niHsRta hotI haiM, usI prakAra dhana se dharma, sukha, sAhasa, jJAna aura gaurv| bhautika daridratA to eka burAI evaM pApa hai| paMcataMtra meM kahA gayA hai - duniyA meM apUjya ko pUjanIya, mUrkha ko buddhimAn evaM avandanIya ko vandanIya mAnA jAtA hai, yaha saba dhana kA prabhAva hai| kauTilya kahate haiM - nirdhanatA to jIte hue bhI mRtyu ke samAna hai, ataH nirdhanatA kI apekSA mara jAnA hI zreyaskara hai| 45 nirAzAvAdI vyaktiyoM ko cAhie ki svayaM ko amara mAnakara arthopArjana kare, kyoMki dhanavAn sabako mAnya hotA hai, jabaki arthahIna indra bhI saMsAra kI dRSTi meM amAnya hai| yaha dhana kA mahattva hai ki kurUpa ko rUpavAn evaM nimna ko ucca samajhA jAtA hai| samaya (vipatti) Ane para aizvarya (artha) kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai|48 dhana ke binA 539 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 11 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #634
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ koI kArya karanA bAlU meM se tela nikAlane ke samAna hai| zubha kArya bhI dhana ke mAdhyama se AsAna ho jAte haiN| sukha kA mUla dharma hai aura dharma kA mUla artha hai, ataH arthopArjana karanA hI caahie| (kha) dharmavirUddha artha mahattvahIna hai - naitika vicAradhArA meM dharma kI tulanA meM artha ko gauNa mAnA gayA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki artha bhale hI aindrika sukha kI prApti aura kAmanAoM kI santuSTi karane meM sahAyaka ho, kintu vaha svataH hI mAnavIya ucca-prayojanoM kI prApti kA mAdhyama nahIM bana sktaa| __ artha taba taka mUlyahIna hai, jaba taka vaha dharmAnukUla nahIM ho jaataa| ataH artha ko mUlya (Values) kI zreNI meM lAne kA zreya dharma ko hI hai| kahanA hogA - dharma to svataH mUlyavAn hai, kintu artha parataH mUlyavAn hai| artha sirpha arthArjana ke lie nahIM ho sakatA, jabaki dharma (karttavya) sirpha dharma ke lie ho sakatA hai| artha hamezA sAdhana rUpa meM hI hotA hai, jabaki sAmAjika jIvana meM dharma sAdhya rUpa meM bhI ho sakatA hai| yadi artha ko hI sAdhya banA diyA jAe, to vyakti svacchanda hokara ucita-anucita sAdhanoM kA prayoga karake artha kA upArjana evaM upabhoga karane lgegaa| isase Arthika, sAmAjika, pArivArika, rAjanItika Adi samasta vyavasthAe~ caramarA jaaeNgii| ataH naitika vicAradhArA meM artha kI tulanA meM dharma (naitikatA) ko uccatara sthAna diyA gayA hai, jo ucita bhI hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to, naitika vicAradhArA kI dRSTi meM jIvana isa prakAra jInA cAhie - arthazUnya jIvana ke sthAna para artha kI AjIvana AvazyakatA ko mAnanA caahie| artha ke anaitika (nakArAtmaka) pakSa kA tyAga kara naitika (sakArAtmaka) pakSa ko svIkAra karanA caahie| dharma-artha-kAma kA samanvita sevana karanA caahie| artha ko jIvana jIne kA Avazyaka sAdhana mAnanA cAhie, kintu jIvana kA sarvoccamUlya to dharma ko hI mAnanA caahie| (3) AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA yaha mUlataH nivRttimArgI vicAradhArA hai, jisameM dharma-artha-kAma rUpa trivarga ko svIkAra karate hue jIvana ke carama-sAdhya ke rupa meM mokSa (apavarga) ko hI pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| naitika vicAradhArA ke samAna isameM dharma ko artha aura kAma kI tulanA meM uccatara sthAna to diyA gayA, kintu use carama sAdhya na mAnate hue eka sAdhana ke rupa meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, isameM caturvarga-vyavasthA (dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa) dI gaI hai| AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA meM 'artha' ke sandarbha meM eka sApekSika dRSTikoNa diyA gayA hai| eka ora 'artha' ko yathocita mahattva diyA gayA hai, to dUsarI ora kevala mokSAnukUla arthAt mokSa meM sAdhana rUpa artha ke upayoga para hI bala diyA gayA hai| 'artha' ke anaitika yA nakArAtmaka pakSa ko nakAra kara jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 12 540 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #635
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sakArAtmaka pakSa ko samarthana diyA gayA hai, kintu artha ko AjIvana AvazyakatA ke rUpa meM nahIM, balki eka kamajorI yA vivazatA ke rUpa meM hI mAnA gayA hai| antima lakSya to artha yA parigraha ke sampUrNa parityAga ko hI batAyA gayA hai| yaha vicAradhArA sAdhaka ko antataH artha-bhoga ke mohapAza se pUrNatayA chUTakara artha-mukta avasthA kI prApti kA hI nirdeza detI hai| isa prakAra yahA~ artha kA sthAna mokSa evaM dharma kI tulanA meM nimna hai| vividha AdhyAtmika vicAradhArAoM meM artha kA mahattva kucha isa prakAra hai ina vicAradhArAoM meM gItA, upaniSad, jainadarzana, bauddhadarzana, naiyAyikadarzana Adi prasiddha haiN| mUlataH inameM mokSa ke sAdhana rUpa 'artha' ko hI sevanIya batAyA gayA hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA kI dRSTi - artha aura kAma ko dharmAdhIna evaM dharma ko mokSAbhimukha honA caahie| yadyapi dharma, artha aura kAma purUSArtha kI buddhi rAjasI hotI hai, phira bhI jIvana meM inakI upayogitA ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| gItA meM spaSTa kahA hai ki dharmayukta , tyAgapUrvaka evaM varNAnusAra AjIvikopArjana karanA caahie| na dhana kI cintA meM DUbe rahanA aura na dAnAdi kA abhimAna krnaa| anyathA yaha artha hI dharma evaM mokSa kA virodhI ho jAtA hai| bauddha vicAradhArA - isameM bhI nirvANa ko parama-prayojana ke rUpa meM tathA trivarga ko sAdhana rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gaI hai| artha ko kabhI dharmaviruddha nahIM honA caahie| vyakti ko sadaiva dharmayukta vyavasAya hI karanA caahie| use jIvana meM na to kRpaNa honA cAhie aura na hI apavyayI, balki samucita rUpa se dAna evaM bhoga hetu upArjita dhana kA upayoga karanA cAhie, kyoMki na to dhana ke mAdhyama se bur3hApA aura mRtyu se chuTakArA milatA hai aura na hI mRtyu ke pazcAt dhana sAtha jAtA hai|58 sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha pramAda ko chor3e aura parizramapUrvaka dhanArjana kre| jaise prayatna karane se madhumakkhI kA chattA aura cIMTI kA vAlmIka banatA hai, vaise hI prayatnazIlatA se artha-lAbha bhI hotA hai| ataH sardI-garmI athavA dera hone kA bahAnA na banAkara kaThora parizrama karanA caahie| isa prakAra, use dharma evaM mokSa (nirvANa) ke anukUla pravRtti karate hue sAdhanA kA vikAsa karanA caahie| yahI sApekSika vicAradhArA prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya AdhyAtmika-darzanoM kI hai| 10.2.3 artha kI sImAe~ evaM doSa pUrvokta tInoM vicAradhArAoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhautikavAdI dRSTi meM artha-bhoga kI, naitikavAdI meM dharma kI aura adhyAtmavAdI meM mokSa kI pradhAnatA hai| inameM artha kA mUlya kramazaH kama hotA calA gyaa| sabhI AdhyAtmika vicAradhArAoM meM artha-sAdhana kI upayogitA ke bAre meM vicAra huA aura yaha niSkarSa nikalA ki artha evaM bhoga kI tulanA meM mokSa hI jIvana kA sahI lakSya hai| isake kAraNa haiM - 541 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 13 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #636
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ artha kevala AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA mAdhyama hai, kintu abhyudaya (dharma) aura niHzreyas (mokSa) kI prApti kA nahIM / 14 aMtaraMga meM utpanna icchAoM kI santuSTi kA mAdhyama koI nizcita artha (vastu) nahIM, balki aneka artha ho sakate haiN| kisI bhI sAdhana meM yaha sunizcitatA nahIM hai ki vaha icchAoM kI santuSTi kara hI degA / yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki jo sAdhana eka bAra santuSTa karatA hai, vaha dobArA bhI santuSTa karegA hI / yaha jarurI nahIM ki jo sAdhana eka ke lie upayukta ho, vaha dUsare ke lie bhI upayukta hogA hI I yadi koI Arthika sAdhana saphala ho bhI jAtA hai, to usase prApta santuSTi sthAyI nahIM hotI / kucha hI samaya meM dUsarI kAmanA janma le letI hai, jisakI santuSTi ke lie punaH dUsare sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| saphala Arthika sAdhana kI upayogitA bhI pratyeka upayoga ke sAtha ghaTatI jAtI hai, jise Adhunika arthazAstriyoM ne sImAnta - upayogitA - hrAsa - niyama (Law of Diminishing Utility) ke dvArA batalAyA hai / uparyukta binduoM ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vicAradhArAoM ne aise purUSArtha kI khoja kI, jo sabhI doSoM se rahita ho aura duHkha kA Atyantika viyoga kara ske| ise hI mokSa yA apavarga kahA gyaa| 1 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 542
Page #637
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.3 jaina jIvanadRSTi meM artha kA mahattva jaina jIvanadRSTi bhI mUlataH nivRtti-pradhAna evaM AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA hai| artha ke sandarbha meM isakA dRSTikoNa anya AdhyAtmika vicAradhArAoM ke samAna hI hai| isameM bhI artha ke prati sApekSika dRSTikoNa hI apanAyA gayA hai, jise hama isa prakAra vyakta kara sakate haiM - 10.3.1 artha kA sthAna : sAdhya kI dRSTi se pUrNataH nivRtti-pradhAna hone ke kAraNa jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki mokSa hI jIvana kA parama-purUSArtha evaM parama-sAdhya hai| isa prakAra dharma, artha aura kAma purUSArtha mUlataH anAcaraNIya evaM heya haiN| dharma-purUSArtha ko bhI vinAzI (azAzvat) evaM saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa mAnakara heya kahA gayA hai, kyoMki dharma-purUSArtha ke phalasvarUpa adhika se adhika svarga ke bhogoM kI prApti hI ho sakatI hai aura puNya kA bhoga pUrNa ho jAne para jIva punaH saMsAra-paribhramaNa ke cakra meM pha~sa jAtA hai| phira bhI mokSa kA sAdhana hone se isakI upayogitA ko svIkArA bhI gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, mokSAnukUla dharma kI upAdeyatA ko jainAcAryoM ne mAnyatA dI hai| isI kAraNa jainadarzana meM mokSa evaM dharma purUSArthoM para bala yA hai| mokSa ko parama-sAdhya evaM dharma ko mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| ataH yaha niSkarSa atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki sAdhya kI dRSTi se artha evaM bhoga donoM kA jainadarzana meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| isakI puSTi nimnalikhita uddharaNoM se prApta hotI hai - dharma, artha aura kAma nAzasahita tathA saMsAra-rogoM se yukta haiM, ataH sAdhaka ko kevala mokSa kA prayatna hI karanA caahie| dharma, artha aura kAma se parama sukha kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI, ataH mokSa-prayatna hI zreSTha hai| artha aura kAma azubha haiM, artha se isaloka aura paraloka sambandhI doSa hote haiM, jinakA duSpariNAma manuSya (kartA) ko bhoganA par3atA hai| ataH artha hI anartha kA kAraNa hai tathA mokSa-prApti meM argalA (daravAje kI siTakinI yA Agala) ke samAna avarodhaka hai| cAra purUSArthoM meM se kevala mokSa-purUSArtha hI samIcIna, sukhadAyI aura sadA dhruva (sthira) rahane vAlA zreSTha purUSArtha hai| zeSa tInoM viparIta svabhAvI haiM aura isIlie tyAjya haiN| inameM dharma ko chor3akara zeSa do to mokSa ke sAdhana bhI nahIM haiN| 10.3.2 artha kA sthAna : sAdhana kI dRSTi se yadyapi jainAcAryoM ne sAdhya ke rUpa meM mokSa evaM sAdhana ke rUpa meM dharmapurUSArtha ko svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu artha evaM kAma ko sarvathA heya nahIM mAnA hai| svaccha Azayayukta artha ko jainadarzana meM mokSAnukUla sAdhanA ke lie eka parokSa sAdhana ke rUpa meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| ___ yadi koI sAdhaka dharma evaM mokSa purUSArtha ke prati pUrNa samarpita tathA tatpara ho, to use artha kI kisI bhI prakAra se AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, kintu aisI yogyatA ke abhAva meM use bhUmikAnusAra 543 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 15 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #638
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ arthopArjana karanA avazyaMbhAvI ho jAtA hai| anyathA vaha bhUkha-pyAsa rUpa zArIrika-vedanA tathA apayaza, anAdara, aprIti rUpa mAnasika-vedanA se prabhAvita hokara asamAdhi evaM avasAda se grasta ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI vaha dharma evaM mokSa se bhI vimukha hokara nahIM cAhate hue bhI visaMgatiyoM kA zikAra ho jAtA hai| aisI avAMchanIya sthiti se bacane ke lie tathA mokSAnukUla dharma-sAdhanA kI abhivRddhi ke uddezya se sAdhaka ko nyAya-nItipUrvaka hI artha-purUSArtha karanA caahie| isa prakAra artha parokSa-sAdhana ke rUpa meM upayogI siddha hotA hai| isa nyAyopArjita artha ke prati jainadarzana meM sammAnanIya dRSTikoNa hai| DaoN. sAgaramalajaina ne kahA hai, "jo dharma-artha-kAma paraspara samanvita hokara mokSAbhimukha hote haiM, ve jainadarzana ke anusAra AcaraNIya haiM aura jo mokSa-vimukha hote haiM, ve nizcita rUpa se anAcaraNIya evaM heya haiN|"58 uparyukta Azaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie nimnalikhita pramANa paryApta haiM - Arya bhadra (IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI) ke anusAra, dharma-artha-kAma ko bhale hI anya vicAraka paraspara virodhI mAnate hoM, kintu jinavANI ke anusAra aucityapUrNa DhaMga se prayukta hone para ye paraspara avirodhI ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra, bhUmikAnusAra kie jAne vAle dharma-kArya, svaccha Azayayukta artha evaM sumaryAdita kAma paraspara avirodhI hote haiN| * DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra, "jainadarzana meM artha evaM kAma ko ekAnta se heya nahIM mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki yadi aisA hotA to bhagavAn RSabhadeva striyoM kI causaTha tathA purUSoM kI bahattara kalAoM kA vidhAna kyoM karate?"70 eka prAkRta-sUkti ke anusAra, brAhmaNa ko jJAna se, kSatriya ko asi (surakSAkArya) se, vaNika ko vANijya se tathA karmazIla ko zilpAdi se dhanArjana karanA caahie|' jaina-paramparA meM mokSamArga ke ArAdhakoM ke cAra aMga mAnya haiM - sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM shraavikaa| jahA~ sAdhu-sAdhvI Arthika kriyAkalApoM ko virAma dekara, gRha-tyAga kara mokSamArga kI ArAdhanA karate haiM, vahIM zrAvaka-zrAvikA gRhastha rahakara AvazyakatA evaM bhUmikAnusAra arthopArjana karate hue mokSamArga kA abhyAsa karate haiN| yaha saMgha-vyavasthA isa bAta kI dyotaka hai ki jainadarzana meM mokSamArga kI nicalI kakSA meM artha kA niSedha na karake mokSamArga kI sAdhanA ke sAtha usakA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna jainazAstroM meM arthazAstra sambandhI aneka ullekhoM kA milanA artha ke mahattva ko aura adhika spaSTa karatA hai, jaise - * artha prApti se sambandhita zAstroM ko 'atthasattha' arthAt arthazAstra kahA gayA hai| * nizIthacUrNI meM arthArjana karane kI prakriyA ko 'aThThappatti' kahA gayA hai| 4 * praznavyAkaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki usa kAla meM arthazAstra viSayaka graMtha likhe jAte the| 16 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 544 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #639
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bRhatkalpabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki AjIvikopArjana ke lie gRhastha arthazAstra kA bhI adhyayana karate the| * nandIsUtra ke anusAra, vainayikI buddhi se manuSya arthazAstra Adi laukika zAstroM meM niSNAta ho jAte the|" * jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra ke anusAra, samrAT zreNika kA putra abhayakumAra arthazAstra kA vidvAn thaa| * vasudevahiNDI meM kahA gayA hai ki agaDadatta kauzAmbI nivAsI AcArya dRDhaprahArI ke pAsa arthazAstra ke adhyayana ke lie hI gayA thaa| * jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM bharata ke senApati suSeNa ko arthazAstra evaM nItizAstra donoM meM nipuNa kahA gayA hai| * adhika kyA kahanA, Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadevajI ko jaina-paramparA meM artha-vyavasthA kA AdisaMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai| * AdipurANa ke anusAra, unhoMne apane putra bharata ke lie arthazAstra kA nirmANa kiyA thaa|82 isa prakAra, gRhasthocita karttavyoM ke samyak nirvAha ke lie jaina-paramparA meM artha kA mahattva mAnA jAtA rahA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM dasa zreSThiyoM ne apane apAra dhana-vaibhava ko maryAdita karate hue vratamaya jIvana vyatIta kiyA thaa| inake nAma isa prakAra haiM83 - 1) Ananda 4) surAdeva 7) zakaDAlaputra 10) sAlihIpitA 2) kAmadeva 5) cullazataka 8) mahAzataka 3) culanIpitA 6) kuNDakaulika 9) nandinIpitA isake atirikta, prAcInakAla se hI bar3e-bar3e cakravartI, samrAT, rAjA-mahArAjA, maMtrI, senApati, koSAdhyakSa evaM nagaraseTha Adi jainadharma ke anuyAyI rahe haiN| inhoMne apanI-apanI bhUmikAnusAra dharmAnukUla evaM mokSAnukUla arthopArjana kiyA thaa| * jaina-paurANika kathAoM meM bhI aneka bAra prAcIna sAmAjika saMskRti ke AdhAra para artha ke mahattva ko sUcita kiyA gayA hai, jaise - samarAiccakahA, kuvalayamAlAkahA, paumacariyaM, kalpasUtra Adi 85 545 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #640
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAra-rUpa meM jaina jIvana-dRSTi meM artha kA mahattva sAdhya arthAt mokSa kI apekSA se 'artha' kA mahattva nahIM hai tathA usake nikaTavartI (anantara) sAdhana kI apekSA se bhI pratyakSataH 'artha' kA mahattva nahIM hai, kintu mokSamArgIya sAdhanA kI sthiratA tathA utkarSatA ke lie 'artha' parokSataH eka uttama sAdhana (parampara) bana sakatA hai| isa hetu sAdhaka ko apanI bhUmikAnusAra evaM AvazyakatAnurUpa parimita artha - purUSArtha karanA cAhie, aisA jainadharma kA nirdeza hai| zrAvaka ke paiMtIsa mArgAnusArI guNoM meM nyAyopArjita dhana ko bhI eka sadguNa hI mAnA gayA hai| 86 18 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 546
Page #641
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.4 asantulita, amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita arthanIti ke duSpariNAma jIvana meM artha ke mahattva kA samyak nirdhAraNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha santulita, sumaryAdita evaM suvyavasthita samyak arthanIti kA nirmANa karanA bhI atyAvazyaka hai| merI dRSTi meM, isa arthanIti ke tIna pakSa hone cAhie, jo isa prakAra haiM - santulita arthanIti - vaha nIti, jisameM artha ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana ke anya Avazyaka pahaluoM, jaise - zikSA, svAsthya, parivAra, samAja, dharma, adhyAtma Adi ko ucita mahattva diyA jAe, santulita arthanIti hai| isameM kisI bhI Avazyaka pahalU kI na ekAnta se gauNatA hotI hai, na mukhyatA, balki sAmya (Equilibrium) hotA hai| isakA eka sundara udAharaNa mahAtmA gA~dhI ke jIvana meM jhalakatA hai, jo niyamita rUpa se prAtaH sAta baje sUta kAtane ke lie carakhA calAte the (artha kriyA), sAyaM sAta baje prabhu-prArthanA meM DUba jAte the (dharma kriyA) aura zeSa samaya apane bAkI kartavyoM kA nirvAha karate the| sumaryAdita arthanIti - vaha nIti, jisameM mAnavIya, sAmAjika, naitika evaM AdhyAtmika sabhI mAnadaNDoM kI maryAdA ke anurUpa Arthika kriyAe~ kI jAe~, sumaryAdita arthanIti hai| isameM Arthika kriyAkalApoM ke atireka para aMkuza lagAkara ucita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA lakSya hotA hai| Arthika-prakriyAoM meM sAdhana-zuddhi, sAdhya-zuddhi, vidhi-zuddhi, sthAna-zuddhi , samaya-zuddhi Adi ke mApadaNDa sunizcita kie jAte haiN| isameM artha kA arjana kaise karanA? kyoM karanA? kisa prakriyA se karanA? kahA~ karanA? kaba karanA? Adi kA sunirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| suvyavasthita arthanIti - vaha nIti, jisameM artha kI saMprApti sugamatA, sahajatA, suprabandhatA, sujJatA aura sukramatA ke sAtha kI jAe, suvyavasthita arthanIti hai| yaha arthopArjana ke vividha sAdhanoM - vyakti, pUMjI, prabandha, bhUmi Adi ke susamanvaya para jora detI hai| 10.4.1 Adhunika yuga meM vidyamAna asantulita, amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita arthanIti vartamAna meM vyakti ne pratyeka kSetra meM vikAsa kiyA hai, Arthika kSetra meM bhI vaha samRddhi, sampannatA evaM suvidhA kI adhikAdhika prApti hetu agrasara hai| bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa se dekhane para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jIvana-stara meM huI abhivRddhi vartamAna kI saphala arthanIti kA hI supariNAma hai| utpAdana, vitaraNa evaM upabhoga sabhI kSetroM meM apUrva unnati huI hai| sar3aka, bijalI, dUrasaMcAra, parivahana, jala, AvAsa Adi suvidhAe~ sulabhatA se upalabdha ho rahI haiM, yaha saba Adhunika arthanIti kI hI dena hai| kintu, AdhyAtmika aura naitika dRSTikoNa se dekhane para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vyakti Aja korA bhautikavAdI evaM vyaktivAdI (Self-centred) hotA jA rahA hai| usakI sevA, sahayoga aura sahRdayatA kI bhAvanAoM meM dinoMdina kamI hotI jA rahI hai| isase anekAneka vaiyaktika, sAmAjika evaM adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 547 10 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #642
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAjanItika visaMgatiyA~ utpanna ho rahI haiN| isa taraha sarvAMga samIkSA karane para Adhunika arthanIti kI saphalatA para aneka savAla khar3e ho jAte haiN| saMkSepa meM, isa arthanIti ko hama sarvathA galata nahIM, kintu asantulita, amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita arthanIti kaha sakate haiN| isakA paryAlocana karanA hI prastuta anuccheda kA uddezya hai, jisase samyak arthanIti ke nirmANa kA AdhAra bana sake evaM jIvana meM artha kA samyak prabandhana ho ske| Adhunika arthanIti kI visaMgatiyoM ko nimna binduoM se samajhA jA sakatA hai - (1) Adhunika arthanIti ke AdhArabhUta bindu * Adhunika arthanIti pUrNatayA bhautikavAdI hai, jisameM naitika evaM cAritrika mUlyoM ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| isameM AdhyAtmika vikAsa to dUra kI bAta, mAnavIya dRSTikoNa kI bhI upekSA kI jA rahI hai| isameM ekAnta se artha ko sarvocca mUlya mAna liyA gayA hai, kyoMki isakI dRSTi meM artha saMsAra kI samasta zaktiyoM kA kendra hai|98 isake anusAra, jIvana kA lakSya simaTakara sirpha artha taka hI sImita ho jAtA hai| isameM samRddhi, suvidhA aura vilAsitA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai, kyoMki inheM hI jIvana-stara (Status) kI unnati kA mApadaNDa mAna liyA gayA hai| * yahA~ aMtaraMga sampannatA ke sthAna para bAhya-sampannatA ko hI samRddhi evaM amIrI kA paimAnA mAna liyA gayA hai, kyoMki Adhunika arthazAstriyoM kI dRSTi meM vaiyaktika evaM rASTrIya Aya meM vRddhi hI vikAsa kA sUcaka hai| isakA eka mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai - 'icchAoM ko bar3hAo, apanA mAla khapAo aura dhana kamAo',91 kyoMki arthazAstrI aisA mAnate haiM ki icchA se AvazyakatA bar3hatI hai aura AvazyakatA se bAjAra meM maaNg| mA~ga bar3hane se pUrti ke prayatna bar3hate haiN| pUrti hetu adhika parizrama karake tathA adhika saMsAdhanoM kA dohana karake adhika utpAdana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha utpAdana hI upabhoktAoM kI uddIpta icchAoM kI santaSTi karatA hai, jisase vaiyaktika evaM rASTrIya Aya meM vRddhi hotI hai| isameM na kevala icchAoM ko bar3hAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, apitu icchAoM ko aniyaMtrita evaM asIma banAne para bhI jora diyA jAtA hai| Adhunika arthazAstriyoM kA mukhya sUtra hI hai - 'aniyaMtrita icchAe~ hI hamAre lie kalyANakArI aura vikAsa kA hetu hai| jahA~ icchAoM ko niyaMtrita kareMge, vahA~ vikAsa hI avaruddha ho jaayegaa|92 isameM icchAoM ke sImAkaraNa kI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai, isalie bar3hatI huI icchAe~ asaMyamita, aniyaMtrita evaM asIma ho jAtI haiN| upabhoktA kI kisI vastuvizeSa ko lekara utpanna icchA eka bAra ke upabhoga se hI sadA ke lie zAnta nahIM ho jaatii| yadyapi upabhoga ke pazcAt vastu kI jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 20 548 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #643
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ upayogitA to naSTa ho jAtI hai, kintu eka antarAla ke bAda punaH icchA jAga jAtI hai aura vaha eka naI AvazyakatA bana jAtI hai| isase punaH mA~ga uThatI hai, mA~ga lie utpAdana bar3hAyA jAtA hai aura upabhoktA bAjAra se vastu kA kraya kara usakA upabhoga karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha antahIna silasilA banA hI rahatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, ye icchAe~ satata bar3hatI hI calI jAtI haiM, ise hI Adhunika arthazAstrI pragatizIla Arthika- cakra (Developing Economic cycle) kahate haiN| Adhunika arthanIti kA mukhya AdhAra hI hai Arthika-cakra kA vikAsa karanA aura isakI kuMjI hai| vyakti ke bhItara bhautika icchAoM ko ukasAnA aura bhar3akAnA / - 93 Adhunika arthanIti meM 'khUba utpAdana aura khUba upabhoga' ke sUtra ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki isase nimna lAbha prApta hoMge 94. * adhika utpAdana se garIbI miTegI aura dhanADhyatA bddh'egii| * adhika upabhoga se jIvana stara unnata hogA, jIvana suvidhAmaya evaM vilAsitAyukta banegA 195 549 * bar3hatI huI janasaMkhyA ko rojagAra mila sakegA / * vijJAna evaM takanIkI - vikAsa ko protsAhana milegA aura isase prakRti para manuSya kA prabhutva bar3hegA / * vyakti kI vyastatA bar3ha jAne se sAmAjika vikRtiyoM, jaise kleza - kalaha, mArapITa, kI gapa-zapa, tamAzAgirI, pramAda Adi para svataH 'khAlI dimAga zaitAna kA ghara' / ApasI raMjiza, daMge-phasAda, vyartha aMkuza laga skegaa| kahAvata bhI hai * isake atirikta vizvavyApI Arthika pratispardhAoM kA DaTakara sAmanA ho sakegA tathA vizva meM rASTrIya varcasva sthApita ho sakegA / * rASTrIya varcasva sthApita hone se rASTra kI bhaugolika, sAMskRtika, rAjanItika evaM sAmarika surakSA sudRr3ha hogI / Adhunika arthanIti meM icchAoM ko ukasAne, bar3hAne evaM bhar3akAne ke lie vividha saMcAra - sAdhanoM (Mass Communication) ko bahuta adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| ina sAdhanoM ke mukhyataH cAra prakAra haiM 1) vijJApana ( Advertisement) 2) loka - pracAra (Publicity) 3) vyaktigata- vipaNana (Personal Selling) 4) vipaNana - protsAhana (Sales Promotion ) adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 21
Page #644
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ye sAdhana vividha manojJa-utpAdoM ke lie sUcita, prabhAvita evaM sammohita karake vyakti kI supta vAsanAoM ko jagA dete haiN| ye vAsanAe~ taba taka zAnta nahIM hotI, jaba taka ki vastu kA upabhoga na ho jaae| ina sAdhanoM kI anekAneka khAmiyA~ haiM, jaise - * ye anAvazyaka vastuoM ko kharIdane aura bhogane ke lie vyakti para manovaijJAnika rUpa se dabAva DAlate haiN| * vijJApanoM meM bhaddI pozAkoM, azlIla dRzyoM evaM phUhar3a zabdoM kA prayoga hone se sAmAjika sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA patana hotA hai| * inameM dhana kA bhI bahuta adhika apavyaya hotA hai| isakA eka udAharaNa isa prakAra MischarSARDASTI bhArata vArSika vijJApana kharca 1972 2002 *san 2012 meM 30,704 74 karor3a rUpae kaI gunA adhika* karor3a rUpae kharca hone amerikA 23,130 mIliyana DaoNlara lagabhaga hajAra gunA kA anumAna hai| * vijJApanoM meM adhikAMzataH jhUThI athavA atizayoktipUrNa jAnakAriyA~ hI dI jAtI haiN| kisI ne kahA hai - kisI samAcAra patra kI eka jhalaka lene athavA dUradarzana ke samakSa canda ghaNTe baiThane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki adhikatara vijJApana jhUThe, arucikara evaM santApakArI hote haiN|101 Adhunika arthanIti meM kArya kI naitikatA para to jora hai hI nahIM, sAtha hI kAryavidhi meM bhI naitikatA kA sthAna nahIM haiN| yahA~ arthopArjana hetu apanAe jA rahe avaidhAnika zaoNrTa-kaTsa, jaise - rizvatakhorI, ghoTAle, gabana Adi kI rokathAma ke lie naitika prazikSaNa kI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha ke lie koI sammAnanIya sthAna nahIM hai| isameM utpAdana evaM upabhoga kA mahattva itanA adhika hai ki prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM (paryAvaraNa) ke atidohana evaM pradUSaNa para koI niyaMtraNa nahIM hai| Adhunika arthanIti meM nimna praNAliyoM yA vyavasthAoM ko vizeSa protsAhana diyA jA rahA hai, jinameM se kucha ucita haiM, to kucha anucita bhI - * vaizvIkaraNa (Globalization) * nijIkaraNa (Privatisation) * udArIkaraNa (Liberalisation) * videzI kampaniyoM ko bar3hAvA (Promotion of Multinational Companies) * yAntrikIkaraNa evaM svacAlIkaraNa (Mechanisation & Automation) jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 550 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #645
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ * zastrIkaraNa (Armament) * dohricht Pachth (Technological Development) * suvidhA evaM vilAsitA (Comforts & Luxeries) * upabhoktAvAda (Consumerism) * saMracanAtmaka vikAsa (Infrastructural Development) * bRhadsta rIya udyoga (Large Scale Industries) * AyAta-niryAta (Foreign Trade) * mahAnagarIya vyavasthA (Metropolitan City's System) isa prakAra, eka sAmAnya vyakti isa arthanIti se AkarSita hokara Arthika cakravyUha meM pha~sa jAtA hai| bhale hI isa arthanIti kA sapanA priyakara, cittAkarSaka aura manojJa hai, phira bhI jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para ise hitakara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| icchAoM kI asImatA aura saMsAdhanoM kI sImitatA ke phalasvarUpa aneka visaMgatiyA~ paidA ho jAtI haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai102 - suvaNNa-ruppassa u pavvayA bhave, siyA hu kelAsasamA asNkhyaa| narassa luddhassa na tehiM kiMci, icchA u AgAsa samA annntiyaa|| kadAcit kailAsa ke samAna sone evaM cA~dI ke asaMkhya parvata prApta ho jAe~, phira bhI lobhI purUSa ko unase tRpti nahIM hotI, kyoMki icchAe~ AkAza ke samAna ananta haiN| (2) Adhunika arthanIti ke bhayAvaha duSpariNAma abhI taka hamane Adhunika arthanIti ke saiddhAntika pahaluoM evaM unakI pramukha kamiyoM ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu jo aticintanIya evaM anveSaNIya viSaya hai, vaha hai - isa arthanIti ke duSpariNAma, jinase vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika donoM hI kSetroM meM atyadhika hAniyA~ ho rahI haiM tathA jinheM rokanA samaya kI mA~ga hai| ina duSpariNAmoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai - artha ke lie jIvana - yaha kahanA bhI atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki Aja artha jIvana ke lie nahIM rahA, balki jIvana hI artha ke lie samarpita ho gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, artha sAdhana na rahakara svayaM hI sAdhya bana gayA hai|103 mRgatRSNA - pratyeka vyakti asImita evaM aniyaMtrita icchAoM ke dabAva meM paise aura padArtha ke lie hI bhAga-daur3a kara rahA hai, jise jainAcAryoM ne 'mRgatRSNA' kI upamA dI hai|104 kahA jA sakatA hai ki artha ke sAtha jIvanayAtrA karane vAlA Aja 'artha' ke pIche bhAga rahA hai| artha kI dAsatA - artha jIvana-nirmANa kA mAdhyama nahIM rahA, balki jIvana svayaM artha kA gulAma bana gyaa| artha aura jIvana kA pArasparika sambandha isa prakAra ho gayA hai - 551 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #646
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ artha kA sthAna vyakti kA sthAna paridhi kendra sAdhana sAdhya dhyeya lakSya svAmI artha kA sthAna vyakti kA sthAna nacAne vAlA kaThaputalI adhikArI adhInastha zAsaka zoSita apekSita upekSita gauNa mAdhyama mArga sevaka pramukha asantulita jIvana - artha kI tulanA meM jIvana ke anya pakSoM kI atyadhika upekSA ho rahI hai, jaise - zarIra, parivAra, samAja, paryAvaraNa, dharma, adhyAtma aadi| vastutaH, 'paise se saba kucha mila jAegA', aisA mAnane vAle mAnava ne Aja paise ke lie apanA saba kucha dA~va para lagA diyA hai|105 duSkarma - vyakti artha ke lie kucha bhI karane ko taiyAra hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki zarAba, sigareTa, pAna-masAlA, zItala-peya Adi kA sevana evaM juA, apaharaNa, hatyAe~, narasaMhAra Adi duSkArya Ajakala khuleAma ho rahe haiN|106 * asvastha pratispardhA - Aja vyakti para sabase adhika amIra banane kA junUna savAra hai| vaha sirpha artha-prApti se nahIM, apitu dUsaroM kI tulanA meM sabase adhika artha-prApti karake santuSTa honA cAhatA hai, jo kabhI sambhava nahIM hai| isase sAmAjika vighaTana kI dazA bhI utpanna ho rahI hai| duniyA kI sArI pUMjI kucha hajAra logoM ke hAtha meM hI kendrita ho gaI hai|107 yahI Arthika viSamatA vidroha kI jananI hai, kyoMki jahA~ eka tarapha 40% janatA garIbI rekhA ke nIce jI rahI hai,108 vahIM 1-2% loga ati amIrI kI vilAsitA meM DUbe hue haiN| bAhara meM divAlI, bhItara meM divAlA - adhikAMza loga bAhara to U~ce jIvana-stara kA pradarzana kara rahe haiM, jabaki vAstavikatA meM ve karja meM DUbe hue haiN| isa prakAra 'Dhola meM pola' jaisI sthiti hai, jisakA pariNAma yaha hai ki kaI supratiSThita evaM nAmIgirAmI khAnadAna bhI karor3apati se ror3apati ho rahe haiN| sAtha hI kaiyoM ke udyoga sIla tathA sampatti kurka ho rahI hai| san 2009 meM Ae vizvavyApI Arthika mandI kA mukhya kAraNa yahI avicArita RNa lene kI vRtti hai| gaura karane yogya hai ki akele amerikA meM gyAraha karor3a parivAra haiM, jinake pAsa 120 karor3a kreDiTa kArDa haiM, jabaki adhikatama parivAroM meM do hI sadasya haiN|109 24 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 552 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #647
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ amerikA kI dayanIya Arthika dazA110 varSa . karja 1950 2 kharaba, 57 araba DaoNlara *amerikI baiMkoM evaM 1980 9 kharaba, 30 araba DaoNlara kampaniyoM dvArA duniyA bhara 1990 23 kharaba, 30 araba DaoNlara se lie koM ko zAmila 2000 56 kharaba, 74 araba DaoNlara karane para yaha A~kar3A 260 kharaba DaoNlara taka pahu~ca 2007 79 kharaba DaoNlara jAtA hai| 2008 90* kharaba DaoNlara Aja yahI sthiti prAyaH kaI anya dezoM kI bhI hai| Arthika viSamatA - Arthika viSamatA satata bar3ha rahI hai, Arthika saMsthAoM aura antarrASTrIya saMgaThanoM ke athaka prayAsoM ke bAda bhI vizva meM Aja ATha sau miliyana se bhI adhika loga bhUkhe peTa sote haiM tathA do biliyana se bhI adhika loga garIbI rekhA ke nIce jIvana-yApana kara rahe haiN| amIra-garIba ke bIca kI yaha khAI nirantara bar3hatI hI jA rahI hai|11 amaryAdita upabhoga - bAjAroM meM cittAkarSaka utpAdoM kI AkRti, raMga, rUpa, DijAina, pekiMga Adi se sammohita hokara vyakti kI bhogavRtti nirantara bar3hatI jA rahI hai, pariNAmataH vaha anAvazyaka evaM hAnikAraka upabhogoM kA sevana bhI amaryAdita DhaMga se kara rahA hai| anAvazyaka apavyaya - AvazyakatA se adhika utpAdana hone para 'khUba utpAdana' kI nIti kabhI-kabhI 'khUba nukasAna' kI jananI bana jAtI hai, kyoMki utpAdoM ke utpAdana, parivahana, bhaNDAraNa evaM rakha-rakhAva para to vyaya hotA hI hai, sAtha hI kabhI-kabhI atirikta/anupayogI utpAdoM ko naSTa karane ke lie bhI vyaya karanA par3atA hai, jaise - viSama paristhitiyoM meM lAkhoM Tana anAja ko samudra athavA baoNyalara meM naSTa karanA par3a jAtA hai| paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa - vyakti ne artha-vAsanA meM par3akara paryAvaraNa kA atidohana kiyA hai evaM use pradUSita karake bhAvI pIr3hI ke astitva ke lie hI khatarA paidA kara diyA hai| pazu dhana kA hrAsa - artha-prApti ke lobha meM lobhAndha hokara lAkhoM Tana mAMsa evaM anya pazu-utpAdoM kA pratidina utpAdana ho rahA hai, jisase pazu dhana bhI ghaTa rahA hai|12 amAnavatA - mAnava apane mUlabhUta AcAroM, kartavyoM evaM niyamoM kI bhI upekSA kara dAnava ke samAna kArya karane meM lagA hai, jaise - * hatyA kI supArI lenA yA denaa| * sampatti yA dhana hdd'pnaa| * dUsaroM kI jamIna ko har3apanA athavA usa para atikramaNa krnaa| 553 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 25 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #648
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ * makAna-dukAna-goDAuna kirAe para lekara khAlI nahIM krnaa| * juA-saTTA khelnaa| * guNDe-badamAza Adi kI madada se Arthika vasUlI krnaa/krvaanaa| * taskarI, smagaliMga, apaharaNa, nakalI noTa, nakalI davAiyA~, nakalI sTAmpa, nakalI paMjIyana Adi rASTra-virodhI kArya krnaa| * corI, lUTa-pATa evaM DakaitI Adi krnaa| * vyAvasAyika goSThiyoM meM zarAba, sigareTa, mAMsa Adi kA sevana krnaa/kraanaa| * aphasara, grAhaka Adi ko khuza karane ke lie vezyAoM athavA kaoNla-garlsa kI vyavasthA karanA ityaadi| bhraSTAcAra - AcArya bhadrabAhu kahate haiM - sampUrNa jinavANI kA sAra 'AcAra' hai|113 AcArya manu bhI kahate haiM - AcAra hI prathama dharma (karttavya) hai|114 kintu, Aja bhraSTAcAra kI jar3eM gaharI paiThatI jA rahI haiN| Aja kA jIvanasUtra hai - "paisA khilAo aura kAma kraao'| isakA eka udAharaNa hai - san 1997 kI svataH prakaTIkaraNa yojanA (V.D.S.), jisameM 33 hajAra karor3a rUpae ke kAle dhana kI ghoSaNA logoM ne kii| Azcaryajanaka hai ki yaha rAzi bhI vAstavika kAle dhana kI kevala 3% hI thii|115 zoSaNa - artha ke kAraNa hI kama se kama pArizramika dekara adhika se adhika kAma karavAne kI vRtti bar3ha rahI hai|116 vezyAvRtti - kahIM-kahIM to deha-vyApAra (vezyAvRtti) jaise amAnavIya kArya ke lie bhI lAyasensa die jA rahe haiN| * AparAdhika vRttiyA~ - isameM bhI artha eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa hai| corI, DakaitI, lUTa-pATa, hatyA, apaharaNa jaise AparAdhika kRtyoM kI jar3a meM dhana hI kAma kara rahA hai| artha kI samasyA na ho to itanI saMkhyA meM jela, korTa, vakIla, pulisa, jaja evaM aparAdhI na bddh'te| pArivArika kartavyoM kI upekSA - artha-kendrita arthanIti se pArivArika sambandhoM meM AtmIyatA evaM saMvedanazIlatA kA bahuta adhika hrAsa huA hai| rAma-bharata, mahAvIra-nandIvarddhana, kRSNa-balarAma jaisA bhrAtR-prema to virala ho gayA hai| hA~! jAyadAda ko lekara jhagar3e, mArapITa, hatyA evaM korTa-kesa honA Ama bAta ho gaI hai| isakA eka udAharaNa hai - ambAnI bandhuoM ke bIca sampatti ke ba~TavAre ko lekara vivAda honaa| Aja arthopArjana meM ativyasta hone se vyakti na mAtA-pitA kI sevA, na patnI se sneha aura na hI baccoM kI ucita paravariza kara pA rahA hai| isase na kevala matabheda , balki manabheda bhI bar3hate jA rahe haiN| kisI samRddha parivAra kI jhalaka hai / - 'bApa mITiMga meM, mA~ pArTI meM aura baccA AyA kI goda meN'|118 26 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 554 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #649
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAmAjika kartavyoM kI upekSA - vartamAna meM 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' 119 kI bhAvanA ko miTAkara vyakti vyaktivAdI evaM svArthI banatA jA rahA hai| jahA~ prANImAtra ke prati maitrIbhAvanA120 jana-jana meM vyApta thI, vahIM Aja kA jIvana-sUtra bana gayA hai - 'maiM, merA dhana, merI sampatti evaM merI prtisstthaa'| isa prakAra kI svArthaparaka soca se dUsaroM ke prati asammAna evaM anAdara kI bhAvanA bar3ha rahI hai| isase na kevala sAmAjika vikAsa avaruddha huA hai, apitu samAja se prApta hone yogya ucita mArgadarzana, anubhava evaM zikSAoM se bhI vyakti vaMcita ho rahA hai, kyoMki ApasI dUriyA~ bar3ha rahI haiM tathA svastha saMvAda kA abhAva ho rahA hai| asantoSa - Aja jisa gati se icchAe~ bar3ha rahI haiM. usa gati se saMsAdhanoM kI Aparti nahIM ho rahI hai aura na hI ho sakatI hai| vyakti bhale hI icchAoM ko ananta kara le, kintu sAdhanoM ko ananta nahIM banA sktaa| kahA bhI jAtA hai - Desires may be unlimited, but the means are always limited 1121 isakA yahI pariNAma hai ki samRddhi evaM sampannatA ke bAvajUda vyakti asantoSa se grasta hai| tanAva - yaha vartamAna yuga kA sarvAdhika pracalita roga hai| vyavasAya athavA peze ke antargata kAryoM kI jaTilatA, samasyAoM kI saMgInatA, saphalatAoM kI anizcintatA evaM anya kAraNoM se vyakti hairAna, parezAna tathA tanAvagrasta rahatA hai|122 pralobhana - Aja netA, aphasara, vyApArI, upabhoktA Adi sabhI kI nIti evaM nIyata 'artha' ke pralobhana meM par3akara DagamagA rahI hai| AtmA kI AvAja daba rahI hai, jabaki lobha prabala ho rahA bhaya - artha ke upArjana evaM saMrakSaNa ke lie vyakti atyadhika sandehazIla, saMvedanazIla tathA bhayabhIta rahane lagA hai| use pratisamaya vyApAra meM ghATe kA bhaya, Arthika pratispardhA meM pichar3ane kA bhaya, luTa jAne kA bhaya, apaharaNa kA bhaya aura mRtyu kA bhaya satA rahA hai| 124 IrSyA - jaise-jaise artha kA AkarSaNa bar3ha rahA hai, vaise-vaise IrSyA bhAvanA bhI bar3ha rahI hai tathA pramoda-bhAvanA ojhala hotI jA rahI hai| bar3e-bar3e dhanika logoM meM bhI IrSyA-vRtti kA Adhikya dekhane ko mila rahA hai| 125 manoroga - artha-kendrita nIti se nirantara artha sambandhI cintAe~ satAtI rahatI haiN| isase mAnasika nirAzA, avasAda, azAnti, asthiratA, kSobha, cir3acir3Apana, uttejanA, caMcalatA, manodaihika roga (Psychosomatic Diseases) Adi bar3ha rahe haiN| anidrA athavA atinidrA kI samasyA honA Aja sAmAnya bAta hai| siradarda, AdhAzIzI (Migrain), cakkara, mirgI, lakavA evaM brena haimareja Adi khataranAka roga bhI artha ke kAraNa hI bar3ha rahe haiN| zArIrika roga - vyAvasAyika-bhAra kI adhikatA hone se zarIra kI ucita dekhabhAla bhI nahIM ho pA rahI hai| prAyaH sabhI zArIrika gatividhiyoM, jaise - jAganA-sonA, khAnA-pInA, 555 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 27 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #650
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ calanA-phiranA, zrama-vizrAma Adi meM niyamitatA, samayabaddhatA tathA samyak parimANatA kA bahuta adhika abhAva ho rahA hai| isase anekAneka zArIrika roga evaM vikAra utpanna ho rahe haiM, jaise - moTApA, kabja , apaca, ucca raktacApa, nimna raktacApa, hRdayaroga, madhumeha aadi| asaMyamita vAkavyavahAra - Aja rijhAne, bahakAne aura phusalAne kA prayatna bar3hA hai| isase aziSTa, asabhya, amaryAdita, ahitakara, aparimita, asatya evaM apriya vacanoM kA prayoga bar3hatA jA rahA hai| vyakti lobha kI pUrti ke lie cATukAritA, cApalUsI evaM maukAparastI se yukta vANI kA prayoga adhika karane lagA hai| sAtha hI lobha kI pUrti na hone para aziSTa, asabhya azlIla , apamAnajanaka evaM tuccha zabdoM kA prayoga bhI behicaka kara rahA hai| 'satyameva jayate 126 ke siddhAnta ko bhUlAkara jhUTha ko pragati kA mAdhyama mAna baiThA hai| bar3hatA pApAcAra - jo AtmA ko patana kI ora le jAtA hai, vaha pApa hai|17 jainAcAryoM ne aThAraha pApasthAnakoM128 ke sevana se bacane kA upadeza diyA hai, kintu Aja vyakti pUrNa tanmaya hokara triyoga (mana, vacana evaM kAyA sahita) evaM trikaraNa (karanA, karAnA evaM anumodana karane sahita) se inakA sevana kara rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha pApa-sevana ko anivArya evaM ucita bhI mAna rahA hai| yaha girate hue saMskAroM kI hI abhivyakti hai| puNya kA vyaya, pApa kI Aya - pUrvasaMcita puNya karmoM ko bhogakara navIna pApa karmoM kA saMcaya karanA jIvana ke 'ToTala laoNsa' (divAlA) ke samAna hai| Aja yahI ho rahA hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, ina pApa karmoM kA phala anantakAla (70 koDAkoDI sAgaropama) taka bhI bhoganA par3a sakatA hai|129 Azaya yaha hai ki vyakti karma karane meM to svataMtra hai, kintu unakA phala bhogane meM svataMtra nhiiN| 130 naitika siddhAntoM kA patana - bacapana se hI mAtA-pitA, bujurgoM, gurujanoM Adi hitaiSiyoM se naitika, cAritrika tathA dhArmika hitopadeza prAyaH sabhI ko prApta hote haiN| isase bAlaka meM deza-prema, samAja-prema, pazu-prema, prakRti-prema Adi komala bhAvanAe~ aMkurita, poSita, pallavita evaM phalita hotI haiM, kintu zikSArthI se dhanArthI banate hI naitika Adarza evaM mUlya lupta ho jAte haiM tathA inake sthAna para kaThoratA, nirdayatA evaM svArtha ke saMskAra bahuta zIghra panapane lagate haiN| udAharaNasvarUpazikSArthI dhanArthI sabake sAtha vahI vyavahAra karo, jo tumheM apane lie pasanda hai131 jitanA cUsa sako, utanA cUsa lo vyakti ko sirpha peTa ke lie kamAnA cAhie mujhe to peTI ke lie kamAnA hai| jIo aura jIne do jIvo jIvasya bhojanam pAhae 28 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 556 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #651
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yahI Aja kI dazA hai| jaise-jaise artha kA AkarSaNa bar3ha rahA hai, vaise-vaise vyakti kI naitikatA kA patana hotA jA rahA hai| yaha pathabhraSTatA sAmAjika saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ko vinaSTa kara rahI hai| duHkha evaM azAnti -- vyakti ne artha ko sukha-zAnti kA sAdhana to mAnA, kintu samyak artha-prabandhana ke abhAva meM use hI duHkha evaM azAnti kA sAdhana banA diyaa| Aja vyakti anukUlatA meM sukha kA anubhava to karatA hai, kintu jaise hI Arthika bAdhA aura kaThinAI AtI hai, vaise hI vaha duHkhI ho uThatA hai tathA dhIre-dhIre duHkha aura parezAnI ke bhAva hI usake cehare ke sthAyI bhAva bana jAte haiN| 132 * mithyAtva evaM kaSAyoM kA poSaNa - vartamAna yuga meM artha kA sAdhya na dharma rahA hai aura na mokSa, isakA duSpariNAma yaha hai ki hamArI Arthika kriyAe~ hI mithyAtva evaM kaSAyoM ko pragAr3ha karane meM sahAyaka ho rahI haiM, jabaki jainAcAryoM ne spaSTa hidAyata dI hai - dhanena hIno'pi dhanI manuSyo, yasyAsti samyaktvadhanaM mahAya' / dhanaM bhavedekabhave sukhArtha, bhave bhave'nanta sukhI sudRSTiH / / arthAt jisake pAsa samakita (Right Vision) rUpI amUlya dhana hai, use dhanahIna hone para bhI dhanavAn samajhanA, kyoMki dhana to eka bhava meM hI sukhadAyaka hai, parantu samakita to bhava-bhava meM ananta sukhadAyaka hai|133 isa prakAra, hamane Aja kI amaryAdita, asantulita aura avyavasthita arthanIti tathA usake duSpariNAmoM kI suvistRta samIkSA kii| ye duSpariNAma nizcita rUpa se cintAjanaka, kaSTaprada aura bhayAvaha haiN| inake nivAraNa hetu AvazyakatA hai - jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para artha-prabandhana kI, jisakI carcA aba kI jA rahI hai| ===== ===== 557 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 29 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #652
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para artha-prabandhana artha-prabandhana kI paddhati mUlataH 'artha' ke samyak sImAkaraNa se sambandhita hai| vyakti apanI Arthika-prakriyAoM meM 'ati' aura 'alpa' kI visaMgatiyoM se bacatA huA ucita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA hI prayatna kare, yahI artha-prabandhana kA dhyeya hai| isa hetu artha-sambandhI do pakSoM para carcA Avazyaka hai -- artha kA saiddhAntika yA dArzanika pakSa * artha kA prAyogika yA vyAvahArika pakSa saiddhAntika-pakSa kA sambandha eka aise sUkSma, yathArtha aura niSpakSa dRSTikoNa se hai, jisase artha ke sandarbha meM vyakti ke bhrAmaka, aikAntika aura satahI dRSTikoNa kA nirAkaraNa ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra prAyogika-pakSa kA sambandha usa jIvana-vyavahAra se hai, jisake mAdhyama se vyakti apanI bhUmikAnusAra jItA huA artha-prabandhana ke lakSyoM kI saphala prApti kara ske| vastutaH, saiddhAntika-pakSa aura prAyogika-pakSa donoM abhinna haiM, kyoMki eka 'AdhAra' hai, to dUsarA 'Adheya', eka 'vicAra' hai, to dUsarA 'AcAra' aura eka 'yojanA' hai, to dUsarA kriyaanvyn'| saiddhAntika-pakSa se prApta dRSTi hI prAyogika-pakSa ke lie patha-pradarzaka hai, jabaki prAyogika pakSa ke dvArA sthApita vyavahAra-nIti hI jIvana-prabandhaka ke samyak Arthika vyavahAra kA AdhAra hai| isa prakAra artha-prabandhana meM donoM kI hI upayogitA hai| sarvaprathama artha-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa kI carcA kI jA rahI hai - 10.5.1 jainaAcAramImAMsA meM artha-prabandhana kA saiddhAntika-pakSa (1) artha-prabandhana kI pRSThabhUmi Adhunika arthanIti ke katipaya doSoM aura unake atikhataranAka duSpariNAmoM kA avalokana karane para hama pAte haiM ki adhikAMza loga isase prabhAvita ho rahe haiN| yaha eka sArvabhaumika samasyA bana cukI hai| isameM vyakti kI dazA usa dayanIya makar3I ke samAna hai, jo apane bune jAla meM svayaM hI pha~sakara tar3apa-tar3apa kara mara jAtI hai| Akhira, lAbha ke lie kie jA rahe artha sambandhI athaka prayatna nukasAnadeya kyoM siddha ho rahe haiM? Akhira vyakti ke jIvana se sukha, zAnti evaM Ananda kyoM gAyaba ho rahe haiM? yaha Adhunika arthanIti ke lie eka prazna-cihna hai| jaina jIvana-dRSTi ke AdhAra para dekheM, to Adhunika arthanIti kI mUla bhUla hai - isakA kevala bhautikavAdI honaa| 14 bhautikavAdI arthanIti bhale hI bAhya samRddhi aura suvidhA pradAna kara sake, kintu jIvana meM sukha-zAnti kA saMcAra nahIM kara sktii| itanA hI nahIM, yaha artha kI lakSyavihIna evaM antahIna daur3a ko prArambha aura gatizIla to kara detI hai, kintu usa para Avazyaka aMkuza aura virAma nahIM lagA paatii| socanIya hai ki jahA~ aMkuza nahIM hogA, vahA~ maryAdAoM kA pAlana kaise hogA, jahA~ 30 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 558 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #653
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ virAma nahIM hogA, vahA~ vizrAnti kaise milegI aura jahA~ virAga (anAsakti) nahIM hogA, vahA~ sthAyI parama-zAnti kaise prApta hogI? isa prakAra, bhautikavAdI artha-vyavasthA meM vyakti kI tRSNA bar3hatI to jAtI hai, kintu tRpti nahIM ho paatii| Adhunika yuga ke auraMgajeba, nepoliyana, hiTalara, saddAma husaina yA vIrappana kyoM na ho athavA prAcya yuga ke subhUma cakravartI, dhavala seTha, rAvaNa, kaMsa, duryodhana, mammaNa yA sikandara kyoM na ho, inake jIvana-vinAza kA mukhya kAraNa bhautikavAda kI pramukhatA hI rahI hai| yaha bhautikavAda hI hai, jisake kAraNa Aja bhraSTAcAra, arAjakatA aura anAcAra bar3ha rahe haiM, rAjanIti badanAma ho rahI hai, samAja vighaTita ho rahA hai, parivAra TUTa rahe haiM, svArtha panapa rahA hai, saMskRti naSTa ho rahI hai, mAnava dAnava bana rahA hai, mastiSka khokhalA aura manobhAvanAe~ zuSka ho rahI haiM, siddhAnta chUTI para laTake haiM, saMskAra lupta haiN| vyakti manuSya ko pazu aura pazu ko kIr3e-makor3e jaisA mAna baiThA hai| adhika kyA kahanA , pUrva-varNita samasta duSpariNAmoM kI mUla jar3a bhautikavAda hI hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA para AdhArita artha-prabandhana kA mukhya sUtra hai - jIvana meM bhautikatA ke sAtha AdhyAtmikatA aura naitikatA kI smnviti| 135 jaba hamArI jIvana-dRSTi AdhyAtmika aura naitika banegI, tabhI nUtana arthanIti kI samyak nIMva Dala skegii| yaha nIMva hI vartamAna arthanIti ke doSoM evaM duSprabhAvoM kA samyak unmUlana kara use santulita, sumaryAdita aura suvyavasthita banA paaegii| isase hI hamAre Arthika prayatna sArthaka hoMge aura jIvana zAntimaya bnegaa| (2) artha-prabandhana kA Azaya jainaAcAramImAMsA para AdhArita artha-prabandhana Arthika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI eka samyak prakriyA hai| yaha vaha prakriyA hai, jo deza, kAla, paristhiti evaM vyakti kI bhUmikA ke anusAra samyak Arthika uddezya kA nirmANa karane para bala detI hai, sAtha hI nirdhArita uddezya kI saphala prApti ke lie ucita nIti-nirdeza bhI pradAna karatI hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM batAyA gayA hai, isake do mukhya pakSa haiM - saiddhAntika evaM praayogik| jIvana-prabandhaka isameM nirdiSTa saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika sUtroM kA prayoga kara apane Arthika lakSya kI prApti kara sakatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha Arthika lakSya ko sAdhana banAkara samyak jIvana-lakSya (mokSa) ko bhI saphalatApUrvaka sAdha sakatA hai| vastutaH, vartamAna pariveza meM artha-prabandhana kI isa prakriyA ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM apanAne kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA ke upayogI nIti-nirdezoM meM kahIM bhI vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA nahIM hai| sAmAnya vyakti ke lie isameM na to 'artha' kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai aura na hI 'artha' ko anartha kA kAraNa banane kI svataMtratA dI gaI hai| yahA~ to anaikAntika dRSTikoNa se ucita vyakti ke lie ucita artha kI prApti kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| ina nirdezoM kA bhalIbhA~ti pAlana karatA huA sAdhaka zanaiH-zanaiH vividha Arthika samasyAoM se mukta hokara sukha-zAnti evaM Ananda kI prApti kara sakatA hai| 559 adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana 31 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #654
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para merI dRSTi meM, artha-prabandhana ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA jA sakatA hai - Arthika prayatnoM ko santulita, sumaryAdita evaM suvyavasthita karane kI vaha vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika prakriyA, jisameM deza, kAla, paristhiti evaM svabhUmikA ke AdhAra para vyakti apanA Arthika vyavahAra isa prakAra prabandhita kare ki eka ora usakI artha-sambandhI AvazyakatAoM kI samucita pUrti bhI ho jAe aura dUsarI ora usake vartamAna evaM bhAvI jIvana ke lie 'artha' anartha kA kAraNa nahIM, apitu naitika evaM cAritrika unnati kA hetu bana jAe, artha-prabandhana kahalAtI hai| (3) artha-prabandhana ke uddezya uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para artha-prabandhana ke pramukha uddezya nimna haiM - artha-prakriyAoM meM jaivika-AvazyakatAoM, jaise - bhojana, vastra, AvAsa Adi kI ApUrti ke lie bhUmikAnusAra samucita prayatna ho| artha-prakriyAoM meM zarIra, parivAra, samAja, paryAvaraNa Adi uttama sAdhanoM kI upekSA na ho, balki unake prati mitravat vyavahAra ho| artha-prakriyAe~ zAnti, samatA, sahajatA aura sadaiva prasannacittatA kA hetu bane, na ki asthiratA, azAnti , nirAzA, viSAda aura uttejanA kaa|| artha-prakriyAe~ sirpha artha-kendrita na hokara vyakti aura usake carama sAdhya para kendrita ho| dUsare zabdoM meM, ye dharmavirodhI evaM pApAcArayukta na ho, apitu dharmAnukUla evaM mokSAnukUla hokara naitika caritra-nirmANa meM sahAyaka bne| artha-prakriyAoM kA nirvAha karate hue saMskRti, sadAcAra evaM ziSTAcAra meM bhraSTatA tathA sAmAjika sambandhoM kI upekSA na ho, sAtha hI vyakti-droha, parivAra-droha, samAja-droha, rASTra-droha aura vizva-droha bhI na ho| (4) jainAcAra para AdhArita arthanIti kA mUla cU~ki bhautikavAda kI jar3eM vizvavyApI haiM, ataH vizvastarIya aura rASTrastarIya arthanItiyoM meM samucita saMzodhana kara pAnA itanA AsAna nahIM hai| phira bhI, maujUdA pariveza meM jItA huA vyakti apanI vaiyaktika arthanIti ko sudhArakara yAni jIvana-dRSTi evaM jIvana-vyavahAra meM AdhyAtmika, naitika aura bhautika AvazyakatAoM kA samyaka samanvaya kara artha-prayatnoM meM samIcInatA to lA hI sakatA hai| isIlie yahA~ vivecya artha-prabandhana kA sambandha vyakti se bhI hai aura vizva se bhI hai| 32 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 560 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #655
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aksara vyakti bAhya jagat meM vidyamAna sAmAjika-vikRtiyoM (Social Evils) se jur3akara apane Apa ko anaitika aura bhraSTa banA letA hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki kyA kareM, vartamAna pariveza hI aisA hai, isameM samaya ke sAtha calanA hI par3egA, jhUTha to bolanA hI par3egA, rizvata to denI hI par3egI, zarAba to pilAnI hI par3egI, kara-corI to karanI hI par3egI, garIboM kA zoSaNa to karanA hI par3egA, kintu yaha eka bhrAnta dhAraNA hai| isameM bAhya pariveza ko nimitta banAkara apane lobha kI puSTi kA prayAsa hI adhika hai| ataH jainAcAra para AdhArita arthanIti ko apanAkara vyakti ko apane naitika pakSa ko majabUtI pradAna karanA cAhie, jisase vaha bAhya Arthika vAtAvaraNa ke doSoM se aprabhAvita rahatA huA vaiyaktika stara para saphala, sudRr3ha aura suvivekI artha-prabandhaka bana ske| (5) artha ke prati samyaka dRSTikoNa jaisA ki pUrva meM batAyA jA cukA hai, vyakti ko artha kI AvazyakatA taba taka mahasUsa hotI hai, jaba taka use artha ke prati moha rahatA hai| vAstava meM yaha moha koI vastu nahIM hai, balki eka jhUThI kalpanA hai| isameM AtmA artha ko sukha kA paryAya hI mAna letI hai tathA artha kA arjana, saMgraha, surakSA evaM upayoga Adi Arthika kriyAe~ karatI rahatI haiN| yadyapi jainadarzana usa moha se mukta hokara AtmaramaNatA kI dazA ko hI uttama mAnatA hai aura isIlie Atma-sAdhanA meM udyata hone para jora detA hai, phira bhI jaba taka moha kI kamajorI hai, taba taka yaha arthopArjana ke ucita viveka kI jAgRti ko bhI Avazyaka mAnatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha vyakti ko kitanA evaM kaise arthopArjana karanA, isakA samyak jJAna bhI karAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM vyakti ko apanI bhUmikAnusAra arthopArjana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jaina-purANoM meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki svayaM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko rAjyAvasthA meM rahate hue prajA kI AjIvikA ke lie SaDvidha karmoM kA vidhAna karanA pdd'aa| ye karma haiM - asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura shilp| vastutaH, yaha madhyama mArga hai| yadi vyakti isa madhyama mArga kI upekSA karatA hai, to artha kI tRSNA asIma aura amApa ho jAtI hai| prAyaH peTa meM roTI kI bhUkha, pA~va meM jute kA nApa aura kAra meM savArI kI saMkhyA to maryAdita hotI hai, kintu arthopArjana ke viveka ke abhAva meM artha kI tRSNA AkAza ke samAna antahIna ho jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM aneka samasyAe~ utpanna hone lagatI haiM evaM asantulana kI sthiti nirmita ho jAtI hai| kula milAkara, artha hI jIvana kA kendra-bindu banakara anartha kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| isa viSama sthiti se ubarane ke lie artha ke prati samyak dRSTikoNa banAnA Avazyaka hai yAni artha se sukha milatA hai, isa mAnyatA ko tajanA Avazyaka hai| jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita nimna siddhAntoM ko hRdaya-gamya kara vyakti artha ke prati apanI mAnyatA ko pariSkRta kara sakatA hai - 561 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 33 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #656
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 34 jIvana kA mUla-sAdhya artha nahIM, varan zAnti hai arthAt artha gauNa (Secondary) hai aura zAnti mukhya (Primary ) hai / artha sukha kA sAdhana nahIM, varan saMjJAoM kI santuSTi ke lie vivazatA mAtra hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, artha kA arjana karanA karttavya nahIM, kintu kamajorI hai| artha kI abhilASA AtmA kI vaibhAvika pariNati hai, jo mohAtmaka (bhrAmaka ) dazA ke kAraNa hotI hai, ataH jaise-jaise moha kama (upazama yA kSaya) hotA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise artha - purUSArtha kA yaha bhrAmaka dAyitva - bodha bhI ghaTatA jAtA hai / svabhAva dazA meM sthita AtmA ke lie artha anAvazyaka hai aura vibhAva dazA meM sthita AtmA ko mohavaza artha Avazyaka lagatA hai, kintu vibhAva dazA meM bhI artha kA mahattva kevala sAdhana rUpa meM honA cAhie, na ki sAdhya rUpa meN| sirpha artha ke lie hI purUSArtha karate rahanA, yaha eka vikRta mAnasikatA hai, aisA artha anupayogI hI rahatA hai evaM antataH vinaSTa hI hotA hai, kyoMki yahA~ artha sAdhana nahIM, apitu sAdhya hI bana jAtA hai / bAhya artha kA AkarSaNa Abhyantara artha (AtmA) meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi vikArI bhAvoM 'RddhiH cittavikAriNI' / - ko bar3hAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai| yaha artha hI hai, jo vyakti ko kendra (pradhAnatA) se dUra kara paridhi ( gauNatA) kI ora dhakela detA hai / 137 artha adhika se adhika kevala AvazyakatAoM kI santuSTi kA mAdhyama ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha 138 abhyudaya (dharma) aura niHzreyas (mokSa) kA hetu nahIM bana sakatA artha ko bhale hI kAmanAoM kI pUrti kA sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai, phira bhI artha meM yaha kamI hai ki usakI upayogitA sarvadA, sarvathA aura sabhI ke lie eka-sI nahIM hotI / dharma evaM mokSa se virahita 'artha' anartha kA mUla hai, azubha hai, vinAzI hai evaM saMsAra - paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hai| 136 uparyukta binduoM kA yaha niSkarSa hai ki 1) artha jIvana kI vAstavika AvazyakatA nahIM hai, ataH artha virahita jIvana hI parama zreSTha hai| 2) vibhAva dazA meM artha kI kAlpanika AvazyakatA mahasUsa hotI hai, ataH usa sthiti meM 'ati' aura 'alpa' se bacakara ucita arthopArjana karanA cAhie aura artha ko dharma evaM mokSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM hI svIkAranA cAhie / jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 562
Page #657
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) artha kI heyatA kA vizleSaNa eka sAmAnya AdamI kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki artha se sukha hI sukha milatA hai, kintu jainAcAryoM kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi ke anusAra, yaha kevala eka bhrama hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki sukha AtmA meM hai, artha meM nhiiN| pratyuta artha ke prati Asakti hI duHkha kA kAraNa banatI hai| isI tathya ke AdhAra para artha kI heyatA kA vizleSaNa Age kiyA jA rahA hai - (ka) artha meM sukha kA bhrama yaha sArvabhaumika satya hai ki saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI sukha cAhatA hai aura duHkha se dUra bhAgatA hai,139 kintu sukha cAhanA aura sukha pAnA donoM alaga-alaga haiN| adhikAMza prANI sukha to prApta nahIM kara pA rahe haiM, ulTA duHkhI hokara jIvana vyatIta kara raheM haiM, Akhira kyoM? jainAcArya kahate haiM ki unake duHkha kA mUla kAraNa unakI artha meM sukha kI vAMchA hai, jo kabhI pUrI nahIM ho sktii|40 yaha bhramita sthiti usa mRga ke samAna hai, jo nAbhi meM sthita kastUrI ko sAre vana meM khojate-khojate eka dina mara jAtA hai, jabaki vaha vahA~ khojI jAtI hai, jahA~ maujUda hI nahIM hotii| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, sukha mukhyataH AtmAzrita hai, use arthAzrita hokara prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| arthAzrita dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa hI Aja dhana-sampatti ko sukhI jIvana kA mApadaNDa mAnA jAtA hai| isa mAnyatA kA mUlasUtra hai - 'samRddhi bar3hAo aura sukha paao'| isase hI sAmAnya vyakti samRddha aura sampanna logoM ko sukhI mAnane kI jhUThI kalpanA kara letA hai| unakI vilAsitAoM ko dekhakara kaI bAra hInabhAvanA se grasta bhI ho jAtA hai| Aja bar3e-bar3e netA, abhinetA, khilAr3I, udyogapati Adi samAja meM sarvAdhika lokapriya haiN| kAraNa hai bAhya cakAcauMdha kA bhrama, isIlie vyakti inakI Antarika tasvIra ko dekha hI nahIM paataa| inake mastiSka kI ulajhanoM, hRdaya ke A~suoM, pArivArika klezoM aura vyAvasAyika jhaMjhaToM ko samajha hI nahIM paataa| jainAcAryoM ko isIlie kahanA paDA - dhana eka aisI cIja hai, jo soe hue nirdhana vyakti ko svapna meM dikhane para to cakkara meM DAlatI hI hai, parantu jAge hue ko bhI bhramita kie bagaira nahIM rhtii|141 isa bhrama ko dUra karanA atyAvazyaka hai| isake binA jIvana meM samyak artha-prabandhana sambhava nahIM hai| yadi vyakti atisaMkucita dRSTi se grasta hokara artha ke prati hI apanA sarvasva samarpita karatA rahegA, to jIvana ke anya uccatara lakSyoM kI prApti kaise kara sakegA? vyakti kA antima sAdhya artha nahIM, balki jIvana meM sukha, sauhArda evaM prasannatA kI prApti hai| jainAcAryoM ne isI sandarbha meM artha arthAt dhana-sampatti ko bhI duHkhavardhaka viSaya jAnakara yaha 563 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 35 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #658
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ siddha kiyA hai ki artha aura sukha donoM bhinna-bhinna haiM aura isIlie duHkha-vimukti ko jIvana-lakSya batAkara duHkhavardhaka kAraNoM ko haTAne aura sukhavardhaka kAraNoM ko apanAne para jora diyA hai| (kha) artha se duHkha kI prApti artha meM sukha to hai hI nahIM, pratyuta artha kI lAlasA aura tRSNA hI vyakti ke duHkhoM kI mUla jar3a hai| yaha Azcaryajanaka tathya hai ki jisa artha ko Aja saMsAra apane sukhI jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa AdhAra mAnatA hai, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anusAra, usI artha kI Asakti vyakti ke duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai| artha kA AkarSaNa hI duHkhoM ko AmaMtraNa hai| ataH yaha vicAra bhramapUrNa aura nirAdhAra hai ki artha sukhadAyI hai, vastutaH vaha to duHkha rUpa hI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - "bhavataNhA layA vuttA, bhImAbhIma phalodayA' arthAt bAhya artha kI tRSNA bhayaMkara phala dene vAlI latA ke samAna hai| 42 jainAcAryoM ne isIlie anekAneka sthAnoM para AzA, tRSNA aura svacchandatA kA tyAga karane kA upadeza diyA hai| 143 isa upadeza kA lakSya bhI itanA hI hai ki vyakti dhana ke prati apanI ati-Asakti kA visarjana kare, samIcIna dRSTi kA sRjana kare aura bhUmikAnusAra santulita arthopArjana kre| isa prakAra artha-prabandhana kA jIvanta sUtra bane - 'jitanI AvazyakatA, utanA hI dhn'| yaha sadaiva smaraNa rahe ki AvazyakatA se adhika aura anupayogI vastue~ klezakArI evaM doSarUpa hotI haiN| 144 ataH artha kI AvazyakatA kA nirdhAraNa deza, kAla, vyakti aura paristhiti ke AdhAra para honA caahie| (ga) arthajanya duHkhoM ke vividha rUpa vyakti artha-sambandhI aneka prayatna karatA hai| inakA pRthak-pRthak vizleSaNa karane para yaha siddha hotA hai ki artha kI Asakti kA pariNAma duHkha hI hai| yaha nimnalikhita tathyoM se suspaSTa hai - artha-prApti kI kAmanA yA tRSNA sAkSAt duHkha rUpa hai| * artha-prApti ke lie yojanAe~ banAnA (saMrambha) duHkha rUpa hai| artha-prApti ke lie saMsAdhanoM ko ikaTThA karanA (samArambha) duHkha rUpa hai| artha-prApti ke lie yojanAoM kA kriyAnvayana prArambha karanA (Arambha) duHkha rUpa hai| kArya ke kriyAnvayana kI prakriyA meM utpanna hone vAle bAdhaka kAraNa bhI duHkha rUpa haiN| artha-prApti ke pazcAt usakI surakSA, saMgraha evaM rakha-rakhAva bhI duHkha rUpa haiN| saMgRhIta artha kI uttarottara vRddhi karane kA prayatna bhI duHkha rUpa hai| artha-prApti kI prakriyAoM meM hue pApAcAra bhI aihalaukika evaM pAralaukika duHkha ke hI kAraNa haiN| prApta artha kA bhogopabhoga bhI kSaNika sukha ke pazcAt cirakAlika duHkha kA hI kAraNa hai| prApta artha kA vyaya, corI yA anya kisI kAraNa se hone vAlA viyoga bhI duHkha rUpa hI hai| artha prApti ke pazcAt bhI usI artha se apekSita sukha kI prApti na hone para dUsare artha se sambandhita tRSNAe~ janma letI haiM, jo punaH navIna duHkha kA kAraNa banatI haiM, kabhI-kabhI to ye 36 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 564 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #659
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ atRpta icchAe~ pahale kI apekSA aura adhika duHkha rUpa siddha hotI haiN| isa prakAra, yaha artha vyakti ke duHkhoM kA hI kAraNa hai| isase vyakti svayaM bhI duHkhI hotA hai aura jo svayaM duHkhI hotA hai, vaha dUsaroM ko bhI duHkhI karatA hai (AturA pritaaventi)|145 yaha prApta hone se pahale bhI duHkha detA hai, prApta hokara bhI duHkha detA hai aura chUTane ke bAda bhI duHkha hI detA hai| 146 praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM artha (parigraha) sambandhI prayatna ko vRkSa kI upamA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isa vRkSa kI jar3a tRSNA hai, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha isake skandha haiM, aneka prakAra kI cintAe~ isakI zAkhAe~ haiN| indriyoM ke kAma-bhoga isake patte, phUla tathA phala haiM tathA aneka prakAra ke zArIrika evaM mAnasika kleza isa vRkSa kA kampana hai|147 ataH jIvana-prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka hai ki hama aise vRkSa ke vistAra para yathAzakti aMkuza lgaaeN| yadyapi hama artha ke sukhada pariNAmoM kI kalpanA meM hI jIte rahate haiM, lekina vAstavikatA isase viparIta hI hotI hai, eka manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa isa bAta kI puSTi ke lie paryApta hai - artha-purUSArtha kA pariNAma hama kyA pAne kI kalpanA karate haiM? vAstava meM kyA pAte haiM? paratantratA cintA svatantratA nizcintatA surakSA zAnti santoSa bhaya becainI asantoSa nirAzA thakAna prasannatA vizrAnti suvidhA pArizramika bAdhA parizrama sammAna duA adhikAra nirbhAratA apamAna badduA dAyitva bojhilatA sAra rUpa meM, kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhana Adi se vyakti sAdhana-sampanna to ho sakatA hai, lekina sukha-sampanna nhiiN| jainAcAryoM ne lobhAndha vyakti kI duHkhI dazA ko isa prakAra se citrita kiyA hai - 'jisakA citta lobha se lampaTa ho rahA ho, jise lezamAtra bhI santoSa na ho, jo sadA hAya-hAya kara rahA ho aura tRSNA se vyathita ho, use kyA kabhI sukha mila sakatA hai?148 vastutaH yaha kalpanA 565 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 37 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #660
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bar3I sukhada aura manorama hai ki dhanADhyatA, sampannatA aura samRddhatA sukha rUpa hai, kintu hakIkata meM artha ke pIche bhAgane vAlA sadaiva duHkhI aura cintita hI rahatA hai| yaha dArzanika evaM tAttvika cintana hamArI artha sambandhI bhramita mAnyatAoM ko sudhArane ke lie atyAvazyaka hai| isakA lakSya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka artha kA pUrNa parityAga hI kara de| isakA vizuddha Azaya to sirpha itanA hI hai ki artha ke anAvazyaka vistAra meM vyartha zrama karane ke bajAya artha ke sImAkaraNa kA prayAsa kiyA jaae| yaha artha-prabandhana kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| =====4.>===== 38 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 566 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #661
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.6 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para artha-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa artha-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa ke mAdhyama se artha ke sandarbha meM jaina avadhAraNA ko samajhA aura yaha pAyA ki artha sambandhI bhautika dRSTikoNa ko na to pUrNatayA svIkArA jA sakatA hai aura na hI nakArA jA sakatA hai| ataH samyak artha-prabandhana ke lie bhautika dRSTikoNa ke sAtha AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa kA ucita samanvaya bhI atyAvazyaka hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa isa bAta para bala detA hai ki artha-prabandhaka ko artha ke prati andha-Asakti se Upara uThanA hogA aura use artha ko sAdhya-pada se haTAkara sAdhana-pada para pratiSThita karanA hogA, tabhI vaha artha ke atireka se bacakara usakA ucita sImAkaraNa kara skegaa| isa hetu use artha ko jIvana meM kevala auSadhi ke samAna hI mahattva denA caahie| jaise zarIra meM vyAdhi hone para auSadhi ke prayoga ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA, vaise hI Atmika darbalatA kI sthiti meM bhogAdi kI icchAe~ adhika hone se artha ke arjana evaM prayoga se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isI prakAra, jaise auSadhi kI niyata mAtrA meM AvazyakatA kevala upacAra hetu hotI hai, kintu sadA ke lie nahIM, vaise hI artha kI AvazyakatA sirpha jIvana kI sImita (bhUmikAnurUpa) AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hetu hI honI cAhie, kintu vaha jIvana kI sadA kAla rahane vAlI mUlabhUta AvazyakatA nahIM bananI caahie| jisa prakAra, roga ke kramazaH ThIka hone para auSadhi kI AvazyakatA kama hotI jAtI hai, usI prakAra, Atmika sabalatA ke bar3hane para bhogAdi kI kAmanAe~ kSINa hotI jAtI haiM aura isase artha kI AvazyakatA bhI kama hotI jAnI caahie| sAtha hI, jaise auSadhi kA lambe kAla taka sevana karane ke uparAnta bhI rogI kI davAI ke prati mUrchA evaM mamatA jAgrata nahIM hotI, vaise hI AvazyakatAnusAra artha kA upArjana aura upayoga karane ke bAda bhI artha ke prati artha-prabandhaka kI mamatA evaM mUrchA jAgrata nahIM honI caahie| yahA~ taka ki jaise auSadhi kA kraya karate samaya vyakti dhana ke anAvazyaka apavyaya se bacatA hai, vaise hI artha kI prApti hetu puNya ke apavyaya aura paryAvaraNa ke atidohana se prabandhaka ko bacanA caahie| anta meM yaha kahanA bhI Avazyaka hogA ki jaise davAI kI mAtrA kramazaH alpa karate hue pUrNa Arogya kI prApti kA hI lakSya hotA hai, vaise hI artha kI AvazyakatA ko kramazaH alpa karate hue mokSa rUpa svAdhIna evaM sukhI paramAtma-avasthA (pUrNa Arogya dazA) kI prApti hI artha-prabandhaka kA lakSya honA caahie| isa prakAra, yaha jainadarzana ke anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa para AdhArita evaM samyak artha-prabandhana ke lie upayukta eka sAmaMjasyapUrNa evaM maryAdita jIvana-vyavahAra ho sakatA hai| 10.6.1 parigraha evaM usakI avadhAraNA pUrva adhyayana ke AdhAra para artha ke sandarbha meM yaha kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA jJAta hotI hai ki padArthAzrita jIvana-dRSTi hone se vyakti meM Antarika icchAe~ paidA hotI haiN| ye icchAe~ hI AvazyakatAoM ko janma detI haiM aura tadanusAra hI sAmagriyoM yA padArthoM kI mA~ga utpanna hone lagatI hai, ise hI jainadarzana meM 'parigraha-vRtti' kahate haiN| 567 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 7 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #662
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ artha ke samyak prabandhana ke lie parigraha - vRtti kI avadhAraNA ko samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hai, jisase usakI maryAdA kA ucita nirdhAraNa kiyA jA ske| parigraha mUlataH do zabdoM se milakara banA hai 'pari' evaM 'graha' / pari kA artha hai sabhI ora se yA sampUrNa rUpa se aura graha kA artha hai karanA / ataH kahA bhI gayA hai ki jo sampUrNa rUpa se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha parigraha hotA hai parigrahaNaM parigrahaH | 149 grahaNa 150 isa prakAra, parigraha kA mUla sambandha vastuoM se nahIM, balki unake prati mUrcchA bhAva se hai / isI AdhAra para AcArya zayyambhava aura AcArya umAsvAti ne kahA bhI hai ki vastusvarUpa kI asAvadhAnI hone se vastuoM ke prati mUrcchA bhAva honA hI parigraha hai / Azaya yaha hai ki sajIva, nirjIva yA mizra, alpa athavA adhika aura prApya athavA aprApya vastuoM para mamatva, Asakti evaM gRddhatA rakhanA parigraha hai|151 vizva kI pratyeka vastu parigraha bhI hai aura aparigraha bhI / yadi mUrcchA hai, to parigraha hai aura mUrcchA nahIM hai, to parigraha bhI nahIM hai / 152 yaha mUrcchA (parigraha) vastutaH eka bhAvAtmaka jur3Ana yA sambandha hai aura vyakti ke duHkhoM kA kAraNa bhI / jahA~ jur3Ana hai, vahIM rAga-dveSa hai, jahA~ rAga-dveSa hai, vahIM apekSAe~ haiM aura jahA~ apekSAe~ haiM, vahA~ asthiratA, caMcalatA, cintA, tanAva, zoka, bhaya Adi nakArAtmaka bhAva haiM aura vahIM duHkha bhI hai| yaha bhI anubhUta satya hai ki jaba bhI koI duHkhI hotA hai, taba usI vyakti, vastu yA paristhiti ke nimitta se hotA hai, jisase usane koI sambandha banA rakhA hotA hai| yaha vizeSa hai ki dUravartI sambandhoM meM alpa duHkha tathA nikaTavartI sambandhoM meM adhika duHkha hotA hai / isa prakAra, mUrcchA bhAva aura duHkha kA sIdhA (AnupAtika) sambandha hai| yaha mUrcchA bhAva aneka prakAra ke sambandhoM ke AropaNa se utpanna hotA hai, jinameM se pramukha haiM 1) ekatva bhAva AtmA ke bajAya zarIra ko 'maiM' mAnanA / 2) mamatva bhAva 3) kartRtvabhAva maiM hU~' / 4) bhoktRtva bhAva - 40 - 5 ) svAmitva bhAva bhogane vAlA maiM hU~' / - -- kisI vastu ke bAre meM mAnanA ki 'yaha merI hai' / kisI vastu ke bAre meM mAnanA ki 'isakA karttA arthAt sarjaka yA saMhAraka Adi - kisI vastu kisI vastu ke bAre meM mAnanA ki isase prApta pariNAmoM kA bhoktA arthAt - ke bAre meM mAnanA ki 'isakA svAmI yA adhikArI maiM hU~' / vastutaH mUrcchA hI parigraha hai, kintu mUrcchA ke nimitta hone se una bAhya padArthoM ko bhI parigraha kahA jAtA hai, jinakA mUrcchA se vazIbhUta vyakti grahaNa evaM saMgraha karatA hai| isI AdhAra para parigraha kA vargIkaraNa Age kiyA jA rahA hai jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 568
Page #663
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.6.2 parigraha ke bheda jainAcAryoM ne parigraha ke do bheda kie haiM - Abhyantara yA aMtaraMga parigraha aura bAhya yA bahiraMga prigrh| (1) aMtaraMga parigraha aMtaraMga parigraha mUlataH AtmA kI hI vikArI avasthA hai| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai ki AzA, icchA, tRSNA, lAlasA aura mUrchA - ye sabhI aMtaraMga parigraha haiN| 153 ye bhale hI bAhara dRSTigocara na hoM, kintu bhItara meM cora kI taraha chipe rahate haiN| aMtaraMga parigraha ke bhedoM ko nimnalikhita sAraNI ke mAdhyama se samajhA jA sakatA hai - aMtaraMga-parigraha mithyAtva mithyAtva kaSAya kaSAya kaSAya (mukhya) nokaSAya (sahAyaka) 1) krodha - akSamA 2) mAna - ahaMkAra mAyA - chala-kapaTa 4) lobha - lAlaca 1) hAsya - ha~sI-majAka 2) rati - bAhya padArthoM ke prati prIti 3) arati - bAhya padArthoM ke prati aprIti 4) zoka - atIta saMbaMdhI duHkha 5) bhaya - bhaviSya saMbaMdhI cintA 6) jugupsA - ghRNA 7) purUSaveda - strI-maithuna kI kAmanA 8) strIveda - puruSa-maithuna kI kAmanA 9) napuMsakaveda - strI/puruSa donoM se maithuna kI kAmanA uparyukta sAraNI se spaSTa hotA hai ki aMtaraMga parigraha ke mUlataH do bheda haiM - mithyAtva (Wrong Belief) evaM kaSAya (Wrong Conduct) / mUlataH mithyAtva aura kaSAya ke kAraNa hI jIva mUrchA karatA hai| inameM bhI kaSAya ke punaH do bheda haiM - kaSAya (mukhya) evaM nokaSAya (shaayk)| yaha vizeSa hai ki AtmA ke ve bhAva jo AtmA ko kaluSita karate haiM, kaSAya (mukhya) kahalAte haiM tathA ve bhAva jo ina kaSAyoM ke hone meM sahAyaka hote haiM, nokaSAya kahalAte haiN| jainadarzana meM mukhya kaSAya ke cAra bheda batAe gae haiM aura nokaSAya ke nau bheda batAe gae haiN| isa prakAra aMtaraMga parigraha ke kula caudaha bheda hote haiM - mithyAtva , krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya , rati, arati, bhaya, zoka, jugupsA, purUSaveda , 569 adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana 41 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #664
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ strIveda evaM napuMsakaveda / Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM parigraha ke eka anya prakAra se bhI caudaha bheda batAe gae haiM - mithyAtva, rAga, dveSa, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA aura veda / 155 (2) bAhya parigraha aMtaraMga parigraha ke nimitta se jina bAhya vastuoM kA grahaNa evaM saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai, unheM bAhya-parigraha kahate haiN| cUMki padArtha anaginata haiM, ataH bAhya-parigraha ke bheda bhI anaginata ho sakate haiM, parantu bhagavatIsUtra meM moTe taura para inake tIna bheda kie gae haiM156 - 1) karma parigraha - AtmA ke dvArA rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara grahaNa kI jAne vAlI karma--vargaNAoM (pudgala paramANuoM kA eka samUhavizeSa) ke pudgl| 2) zarIra parigraha - AtmA ke dvArA dhAraNa kiyA jAne vAlA shriir| 3) bAhya pAtrAdi parigraha - AtmA ke dvArA mUrchApUrvaka saMgRhIta kI jAne vAlI pAtrAdi vstueN| ise nimna citra ke mAdhyama se AsAnI se samajhA jA sakatA hai - zeSa saMsAra pAtrAdi bAhya parigra zarIra parigraha karma parigraha AtmA aura bhI, AcArya haribhadra ne bAhya pAtrAdi parigraha ke nau bhedoM kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA hai|157 yaha nimna tAlikA se spaSTa hai - jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 570 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #665
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bAhya-parigraha karma-parigraha zarIra-parigraha bAhya vastu rupa parigraha nAma prAcIna sandarbho meM __ Adhunika sandarbho meM 1 kSetra (Land) kheta yA khulI jamIna kRSi bhUmi, udyoga bhUmi, kraya-lIja dvArA prApta bhUmi Adi 2 vAstu (Property) makAna, dukAna Adi baMgalA, phlaiTa, dukAna, oNphisa, bilDiMga, maoNla Adi 3 hiraNya (Silver) cA~dI ke sikke, AbhUSaNa cA~dI kI cena, kar3A, aMgUThI, giphTa AITama, Adi bartana Adi 4 svarNa (Gold) svarNa ke sikke, AbhUSaNa Adi sone kI cena, aMgUThI, ghar3I, biskiTa, bAliyA~ Adi 5 dhana (Wealth) hIre, panne, mANaka, motI, nakadI mudrA, baiMka meM jamA rakama, zeyara, epha. javAharAta Adi DI., bImA-dhana Adi 6 dhAnya (Grains) gehU~, cAvala, mUMga, moTha Adi sabhI prakAra ke khAdya evaM peya padArtha Adi 7 dvipada (Employees etc.) naukara-naukarAnI, totA-mainA, mainejara, klarka, vakIla, caparAsI, naukara, pati-patnI, sahodara157A Adi naukarAnI, parijana, pAlatU pakSI Adi 8 catuSpada (Pet Animals) gAya, bhaiMsa, kuttA Adi pAlatU gAya, bhaiMsa, kuttA Adi pAlatU pazu pazu 9 kupya (Miscelleneous) vastra, palaMga aura anya dhAtu TI.vI., kampyUTara, pharnIcara, vAhana, phrIja , bartana, nirmita sAmagriyA~ Adi vastra, zo-kesa, jUte-cappala ityAdi sAmagriyA~ jaina jIvana-dRSTi meM artha-prabandhaka ke lie sarvAdhika prAthamikatA AtmA kI hai, tatpazcAt anukrama se karma kI, zarIra kI aura AhAra, vastra, pAtrAdi kI, jabaki vartamAna meM vyakti sAmAnyatayA AhAra, vastra, pAtrAdi ko hI mahattvapUrNa mAnatA hai aura AtmA, karma evaM zarIra kI upekSA kara detA hai| ataH artha-prabandhaka ko apanI Arthika-prakriyAoM meM nimna binduoM kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai - AtmA meM rAga-dveSa ke bhAvoM para ucita niyaMtraNa ho| pApa-karmoM kA saMcaya kama se kama ho| zarIra kI svasthatA evaM sphUrti meM kamI na ho aura isakI sAdhanatA bAdhita na ho| AhAra, vastra, pAtrAdi kI AvazyakatA-pUrti kA samyak prayatna ho| zeSa saMsAra (aprayojanabhUta saMsAra) ke bAre meM anAvazyaka vicAraNA hI na ho| 571 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 43 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #666
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.6.3 aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga parigraha kA sahasambandha jainAcAryoM ne bhinna-bhinna prasaMgoM meM parigraha ke tIna rUpa batAe haiM - 1) icchA, 2) mUrchA evaM 3) sNgrh| 158 ina tInoM meM bhI paraspara sambandha haiM, jinake mAdhyama se aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga parigraha ke sahasambandha ko aura spaSTatA se samajhA jA sakatA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jahA~ icchA evaM mUrchA aMtaraMga parigraha ke hI rUpa haiM, vahIM saMgraha bAhya parigraha kA rUpa hai| sarvaprathama, vyakti meM aprApta vastu ke lie icchA utpanna hotI hai| phira icchita padArtha ke prati mUrchA utpanna hotI hai aura jisa para mUrchA arthAt gRddhatA hotI hai, usakA tyAga nahIM ho pAtA, ataH vyakti usakA saMgraha karatA hai| isa prakAra, icchA se mUrchA evaM mUrchA se saMgraha-vRtti kA janma hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga parigraha ke madhya kAraNa-kArya sambandha hotA hai| ___artha-prabandhana ke abhAva meM vyakti apanI icchA, mUrchA evaM saMgraha-vRtti se kabhI santuSTa nahIM hotA aura yaha asantuSTi hI usake duHkha kA mUla kAraNa bana jAtI hai| usakI icchAoM kA pravAha atitIvra hotA hai aura use jitanI jyAdA sAmagriyA~ milatI jAtI haiM, usakI ra aura bar3hatI jAtI hai| jaina-sAhitya meM subhUma cakravartI kA mArmika kathAnaka milatA hai, jo tRSNA kI anantatA ko siddha karatA hai| jaba SaTkhaNDa kA Adhipatya prApta kara lene para bhI subhUma ko tRpti nahIM milI, taba usane sAtaveM khaNDa ko jItane ke lie prayANa kiyA, kintu rAste meM usakA yAna samudra meM DUba gayA aura vaha kAla kA grAsa bana gyaa| ataH artha-prabandhana ke lie icchAoM ko saMyamita karanA eka anivArya evaM prAthamika karttavya hai| vAstava meM artha-prabandhaka ko yaha socanA cAhie ki 'yaha kSetra, vAstu, sonA-cA~dI, patnI, putra, bAndhava aura deha Adi ko chor3akara mujhe bhI eka dina avazya jAnA hogaa| 159 kahA jA sakatA hai ki subhUma cakrI sAtaveM khaNDa ko to nahIM jIta sakA, lekina itanA avazya huA ki sAtaveM khaNDa ko jItane kI Asakti use sAtavIM naraka taka ghasITakara le gaI, jahA~ taiMtIsa sAgaropama jitane kAla taka use apAra duHkhoM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'egaa| isI prakAra jo manuSya ajJAnavaza aneka pApa-kRtya karake dhana kamAte haiM, ve aneka jIvoM se vaira-virodha bA~dhakara, sArI sampatti yahIM chor3akara antataH narakAvAsa ko prApta karate haiN|160 kahA bhI gayA hai ki lobhI manuSya jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko na samajhakara, binA vicAre hI sAMsArika padArthoM para Asakti rakhatA hai aura isa prakAra dhana meM Asakta hokara apane ko amara mAnatA huA dina-rAta dhana ke lie paritApa sahana karatA rahatA hai|161 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 572 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #667
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.6.4 aMtaraMga-parigraha kI pradhAnatA yadyapi jainadarzana meM parigraha ke do bheda batAe gae haiM - Abhyantara parigraha evaM bAhya parigraha, phira bhI yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki ina donoM meM Abhyantara (aMtaraMga) parigraha kI hI pradhAnatA hai, bAhya parigraha kI nhiiN| yaha bAta nimna binduoM se spaSTa hai - jainAcAryoM ne bAhya vastuoM ko parigraha nahIM kahate hue mUrchA ko hI parigraha kahA hai, kyoMki bAhya vastuoM ke na hone para bhI 'yaha merA hai' aisA saMkalpavAlA vyakti parigrahasahita hI hotA hai|162 bAhya parigraha kA mUla kAraNa bhI aMtaraMga parigraha hI hai, kyoMki vyakti bAhya vastuoM kA grahaNa evaM saMgraha tabhI karatA hai, jaba aMtaraMga meM unake prati mUrchA hotI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - viSayoM kA grahaNa kArya hai, jabaki mUrchA kAraNa hai aura kAraNa naSTa ho jAne para kArya sambhava nahIM hai| ataH jo bhAva se nivRtta hai, vahI vAstava meM parigraharahita hotA hai| mUla meM aMtaraMga-parigraha ke abhAva meM kitanA bhI bAhya parigraha kyoM na ho, use parigraha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, jabaki aMtaraMga parigraha ke sadbhAva meM kitanA hI alpa saMgraha kyoM na ho, use parigraha hI mAnanA caahie| isa prakAra, hameM yahA~ do bindu prApta hote haiM - ka) adhikatama vastuoM ke bIca rahate hue bhI mUrchA kI kamI hone se vyakti alpa parigrahI hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, mahArAjA bharata , rAjA janaka ityAdi mahaloM meM rahakara bhI aparigrahI khlaae| kha) alpa vastuoM se jIvanayApana karate hue bhI mUrchA aura lAlasA ke sadbhAva meM vyakti gAr3ha parigrahI hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, kAlasaukarika kasAI, jo pratidina pA~ca sau pAr3oM ko mAratA thA, ko rAjA zreNika ne eka dina ke lie kue~ meM utAra diyA, jisase vaha hiMsA na kara ske| kiMtu, use hiMsA kie binA caina nahIM pdd'aa| vahA~ bhI usane kIcar3a (miTTI) ke pAr3e banA-banAkara maare| isa prakAra, gAr3ha pApakarma karake sAtavIM naraka meM gyaa| 163 Azaya yaha hai ki vastu maujUda na hone para bhI usake prati mUrchA hone se vyakti bhAvoM se bhI parigrahI bana jAtA hai| cU~ki parigraha kA mUla sambandha mUrchA bhAva se hai aura yaha mUrchA bhAva atIta, vartamAna evaM anAgata - ina tInoM se sambandhita ho sakatA hai, ataH vyakti kI atIta sambandhI rAgayukta smRtiyA~, vartamAna meM vidyamAna padArthoM ke prati AsaktiyA~ aura bhaviSya sambandhI AkAMkSAe~ - ye sabhI parigraha hI haiN| isa prakAra, parigraha ke kAla-Azrita tIna bheda sambhava haiM, jo nimna udAharaNoM se spaSTa haiM - 1) atIta meM prApta yA aprApta vastuoM sambandhI mUrchA bhAva - udAharaNArtha, 'kAza! maiMne vaha jamIna kharIdI hotI, to maiM bhI Aja karor3apati hotA' athavA 'kAza! maiMne vaha jamIna nahIM becI hotI, to maiM Aja karor3apati hotA' ityaadi| 573 adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #668
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2) vartamAna kI vastuoM sambandhI icchA - udAharaNArtha, 'Aja yaha kharIdanA hai, yaha becanA hai' ityAdi / 3) anAgata kI prApya yA aprApya vastuoM sambandhI bhaya, cintA evaM kalpanA - udAharaNArtha, 'mujhe pA~ca-dasa sAloM meM makAna banAnA hai, gAr3I kharIdanA hai, amuka tole sonA kharIdanA hai' yA 'merI phaikTrI yA dukAna nahIM calI, to merA kyA hogA?' ityAdi / ataH kahanA hogA ki ina tInoM kA samyak saMyama karanA jIvana-prabandhaka kA eka Avazyaka dAyitva hai| artha-prabandhana kI dRSTi se bhI dekheM, to bAhya kI apekSA Abhyantara parigraha kA sImAkaraNa adhika mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki aMtaraMga icchAoM ko niyaMtrita kie binA bAhya parigraha kA tyAga niSphala hotA hai| isameM haTha kI mukhyatA hotI hai aura viveka kI gauNatA, jisase bAhya-parigraha kA sImAkaraNa bhI sthAyI evaM AnandakArI nahIM bana paataa| ataH artha-prabandhana ke lie bArambAra anAsaktipUrvaka jIne kA abhyAsa karanA hI zreyaskara hai| vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha vividha padArthoM kA AvazyakatAnusAra upayoga to kare, kintu padArthoM meM Asakta hokara na jie| vaha yaha mAnane kI bhUla na kare ki ye baMgalA, dhana, gAr3I, patnI, putra, dukAna Adi mere haiN| 164 sadaiva jAgRti rakhe ki ye saba anitya , azaraNa , asAra aura saMyogI hai| inakA viyoga aparihArya hai| ataH ye mere nahIM haiM aura inase mujhe apekSA bhI nahIM karanI caahie| yahI sukha evaM zAnti kA mArga hai| 10.6.5 aMtaraMga parigraha ke mUla kAraNa artha-prabandhana ke lie aMtaraMga-parigraha ke kAraNoM ko jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai| jainadarzana meM isa hetu pA~ca kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM-165 kra. aMtaraMga-parigraha vivaraNa ke kAraNa 1) mithyAtva yaha AtmA kA vaha bhAva hai, jisake kAraNa use vastu (artha) ke samyak svarUpa kA yathArtha zraddhAna nahIM ho paataa| ulTA, vaha bhrAnti meM jItI huI para-padArthoM se sukha-prApti kI kAmanA karatI rahatI hai aura isase hI usameM icchAe~ utpanna hotI rahatI haiN| 2) avirati yaha AtmA kA vaha bhAva hai, jisake kAraNa vaha parigraha Adi doSoM se virakta (aMzataH yA pUrNataH) nahIM ho paatii| vaha pA~ca indriyoM aura mana ke viSayoM se jur3akara hiMsA Adi pApA kAryoM meM saMlagna rahatI hai| isase bhI usameM icchAe~ utpanna hotI rahatI haiN| 3) pramAda yaha AtmA kA vaha bhAva hai. jisake kAraNa vaha Atma-svarUpa kI jAgati kho detI hai evaM kartavya-akartavya ke prati ucita sAvadhAnI nahIM rakha paatii| isase bhI usameM icchAoM kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai| 46 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 574 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #669
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4) kaSAya yaha AtmA kA vaha bhAva hai, jisake kAraNa vaha samatA kI maryAdA meM nahIM raha paatii| vaha bAhya artha kI prApti ke nimitta krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha rUpa vikArI bhAvoM (icchAoM) ko utpanna kara letI hai| yaha AtmA kA vaha bhAva hai, jisake kAraNa AtmA meM caMcalatA (kampana) kI utpatti hotI hai aura bAhya meM mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRtti bhI saMcAlita hone lagatI hai| yaha pratyakSatayA icchAoM kI utpatti kA kAraNa nahIM hai| 5) yoga yaha kahanA bhI Avazyaka hogA ki uparyukta kAraNoM meM se koI bhI pUrvavartI kAraNa maujUda hone para uttaravartI sabhI kAraNa niyamataH rahate hI haiN| isI kAraNa artha-prabandhana kI prakriyA meM pUrva-pUrva ke kAraNoM ko dUra karate hue apanI bhUmikA meM kramazaH abhivRddhi karanI caahie| isakA vistRta vivecana isa adhyAya ke anta meM kiyA gayA hai| 10.6.6 parigraha prabandhana : icchAoM kA prabandhana uparyukta carcA se yaha spaSTa hai ki artha-prabandhana kisI apekSA se aMtaraMga parigraha arthAt icchAoM kA prabandhana hI hai, kyoMki jaise-jaise aMtaraMga parigraha kA prabandhana hotA hai, vaise-vaise bahiraMga parigraha kA prabandhana bhI hotA jAtA hai| ataH samyak artha-prabandhana ke lie vyakti ko icchAoM kA vizleSaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| isa hetu jainadarzana meM nirdiSTa uparyukta aMtaraMga parigraha ke pA~ca kAraNoM ke AdhAra para vyakti meM vidyamAna icchAoM ko pA~ca jAtiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM - (1) asIma - yaha icchAoM kI vaha zreNI (jAti) hai, jisameM utpanna hone vAlI icchAe~ antahIna hotI haiM, kyoMki inakA koI nirdhArita antima bindu (Deadline) hI nahIM hotaa| mUlataH yaha vyakti kI mithyAtva bhAva se yukta dazA hai, jisameM vaha avirati, pramAda , kaSAya evaM yoga - ina cAroM karmabandhanoM ke kAraNoM se bhI yukta rahatA hai| isa avasthA meM vyakti apanI icchAoM kA nirantara poSaNa hI karatA rahatA hai| usakI kisI icchAvizeSa kI pUrti ho jAne para bhI icchAoM kI mUla jAti 'asIma' hI banI rahatI hai, jisameM icchAoM kA pravAha satata jArI rahatA hai| ye icchAe~ usa per3a ke pattoM ke samAna haiM, jisakI jar3eM abhI jIvita haiN| (2) sasIma - yaha icchAoM kI vaha zreNI hai, jisameM utpanna hone vAlI icchAe~ antasahita hotI haiM, kyoMki icchAoM kI adhikatama sImA sunizcita ho jAtI hai| mUlataH yaha mithyAtva dazA se mukta, kintu avirati dazA se yukta vyakti kI dazA hai, jisameM vaha pramAda, kaSAya evaM yoga - ina tInoM se yukta bhI hotA hai| isa avasthA meM vyakti apanI icchAoM kA saharSa poSaNa karane ke bajAya inheM kamajorI mAnatA hai aura auSadhivat hI inakI pUrti karatA hai| ye icchAe~ usa per3a ke hare-bhare pattoM ke samAna haiM, jisakI jar3oM ko hAla hI meM naSTa kara diyA gayA ho| 575 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #670
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) alpa yaha icchAoM kI vaha zreNI hai, jisameM utpanna hone vAlI icchAe~ aura adhika niyaMtrita ho jAtI haiM, kyoMki artha - prabandhaka apanI icchAoM kA AMzika tyAga karane ke lie saMkalpita ho jAtA hai| mUlataH yaha mithyAtva dazA se pUrNatayA evaM avirati dazA se aMzataH (ekadeza) nivRtta hone kI dazA hai, jisameM artha - prabandhaka pramAda, kaSAya va yoga ina tInoM se yukta hotA hai| isa dazA ko jainadarzana dezavirati zrAvaka kI dazA bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye icchAe~ sUkhe per3a ke halke pIle pattoM ke samAna haiM, jisakI jar3eM pUrva meM hI naSTa ho cukI hoM / (4) alpatama yaha icchAoM kI vaha zreNI hai, jisameM utpanna hone vAlI icchAe~ nyUnatama ho jAtI haiN| aura artha-prabandhaka gRhastha jIvana kA sarvataH parityAga karake muni dazA kI prApti kara letA hai| usakI sAMsArika icchAoM kA to visarjana ho jAtA hai, kintu dharma evaM mokSa ke hetu se atisImita icchAe~ abhI zeSa rahatI haiN| mUlataH yaha mithyAtva evaM avirati se mukta vyakti kI dazA hai, jisameM vaha pramAda, kaSAya va yoga ina tInoM se yukta hotA hai| isameM vaha kabhI pramAdasahita aura kabhI pramAdarahita dazA meM vicaraNa karatA rahatA hai| ye icchAe~ sUkhe per3a ke pIle pattoM ke samAna haiM, jo aba girane hI vAle haiN| - - (5) zUnya yaha vaha zreNI hai, jisameM rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAyoM kA sampUrNa kSaya ho jAne se prabandhaka meM icchAoM kA pUrNa abhAva ho jAtA hai| mUlataH yaha mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda evaM kaSAya se mukta prabandhaka kI vaha dazA hai, jisameM kucha kAla ke lie yoga zeSa rahatA hai aura antataH vaha bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| yaha dazA usa per3a ke samAna hai, jisakI jar3eM pUrNatayA sUkha cukI haiM, vaha pattoM se vihIna ho rahA hai aura usa para aba kabhI bhI patte pallavita nahIM hoNge| 48 - - uparyukta pA~ca zreNiyoM meM kramazaH Age bar3hatA huA artha - prabandhaka antataH paMcama zreNI kI dazA ko prApta kara sakatA hai aura yahI artha - prabandhaka kI Adarza avasthA hai| inakA bhI vistRta vivecana isa adhyAya ke anta meM kiyA gayA | 10.6.7 parigraha kA sImAkaraNa: parigraha - parimANa vrata 166 yadi dhana, dhAnya, sonA, cA~dI, catuSpada, dvipada Adi se paripUrNa yaha samagra saMsAra bhI kisI lobhI manuSya ko de diyA jAe, to bhI use santoSa hone vAlA nahIM, usa lobhI AtmA kI tRSNA zAnta honA bahuta kaThina hai, parantu jo parigraha ke mohapAza ko spaSTa rUpa se samajha jAtA hai, use parigraha eka prapaMca, bhAra aura kaSTa rUpa mahasUsa hotA hai| isase nivRtti pAne hetu vaha AtmalakSI hokara parigraha kI anantatA se zUnyatA kI yAtrA prArambha karatA hai| isa yAtrA sAdhaka parigraha ko kramazaH sAtvika, saMkSipta evaM samApta karatA calA jAtA hai| vastutaH, yahI parigraha ke sImAkaraNa kI samyak dizA hai| Adhunika bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa para AdhArita artha - prabandhana yadi vyakti kI icchAoM (parigraha) ko asImita karake use adhika se adhika samRddha aura sampanna banAtA hai, to jainadRSTikoNa para AdhArita artha-prabandhana use artha ke sImAMkana kI ora le jAkara adhika se adhika zAnta aura prasanna banAtA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 576
Page #671
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa artha-prabandhana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hogA ki vyakti nau prakAra ke parigraha - dhana, dhAnya, kSetra, vAstu , svarNa, cA~dI, kupya, catuSpada, dvipada Adi kI sImA nirdhArita kre| ina padArthoM kI saMkhyA, vajana, mApa evaM mUlya Adi ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue apanI zakti evaM vairAgyavRtti ke anusAra inake upayoga kA samyak parimANa kare aura dhIre-dhIre isa parimANa ko bhI maryAdita karatA jaae| isa sImAMkana kI prakriyA meM sthAyitva lAne ke lie ina dhana, dhAnyAdi ke sandarbha meM samyaktayA vicAra karake mamatva-bhAva kA saMkalpapUrvaka visarjana kre| Aja bhI jaina-paramparA ke kitane hI anuyAyI aNuvratoM ko grahaNa kara parigraha kA sImAMkana karate haiM yA mahAvratoM ko grahaNa kara parigraha kA pUrNataH tyAga karate haiN| parigraha-parimANa (sImAMkana) sambandhI kucha bindu adhikatara loga yaha mAnate haiM ki parigraha kA sImAMkana na Avazyaka hai aura na vivekapUrNa, balki yaha to eka prakAra kA bandhana hai, kintu aisA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| isake nimna kAraNa haiM - jisa prakAra peTa meM roTI, TAyara meM havA, bImArI meM davAI, yAtrA meM sITa aura zikSA meM viSaya kA sImAMkana karanA ucita hai, kyoMki yaha santulana banAe rakhane ke lie Avazyaka hai| usI prakAra parigraha kA sImAMkana karanA bhI jIvana ke santulana ko banAe rakhane ke lie Avazyaka hai| yadi artha kA sImAMkana nahIM hokara atireka hotA hai, to nizcita rUpa se jIvana ke anya pakSa, jaise - zikSA, samaya, parivAra, samAja, paryAvaraNa, dharma, mokSa Adi bhI prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rhte| yadi vyakti bAraha-caudaha ghaNTe kevala vyApAra meM hI vyasta rahatA hai, to vaha parivAra, samAja, dharma aura AtmA ko ucita mahattva nahIM de paataa| ataH jIvana ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa ke lie artha kA sImAMkana Avazyaka hai| * jisa prakAra kisI yAtrA para jAte samaya AvazyakatA se adhika sAmagriyA~ le jAnA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki unameM se kaI sAmagriyA~ upayoga kie binA hI vApasa A jAtI haiM, unakA vyartha bhAra bhI DhonA par3atA hai aura yAtrA kA sahI Ananda bhI nahIM A paataa| isI prakAra, jaba jIvana kI yAtrA meM AvazyakatAe~ alpa haiM, to atisaMgraha kara vyartha hI bhAra DhonA bhI nizcita rUpa se vivekapUrNa nahIM hai| sUttapAhuDa meM bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki upalabdha samasta vastuoM meM se jo grahaNa karane yogya haiM, unameM se bhI kevala AvazyakatAnusAra alpa mAtrA meM hI vastuoM ko grahaNa karanA caahie| jaise samudra meM paryApta jala upalabdha hone para bhI yaha nahIM socA jA sakatA ki sArA jala hamAre lie hI hai, ulTA yadi koI vyakti vastra dhone ke lie pUre samudra ke jala kA upayoga karane lage to yaha usakI mUrkhatA hI hogii| isI prakAra, parigraha to pracUra mAtrA meM upalabdha hai, kintu viveka 577 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 49 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #672
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isI meM hai ki vyakti apanI AvazyakatA ke AdhAra para parigraha kA sImAMkana kara alpa mAtrA meM hI vastuoM ko grahaNa kare / ' 168 169 AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki parigraha-vRtti se bacanA cAhie / ' praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki svayaM ko aparigraha bhAvanA se saMvRtta kara loka meM vicaraNa karanA caahie| 170 AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI dekheM, to yaha spaSTa hai ki jIvana adhruva, anitya evaM azAzvat hai tathA isameM prApta saMyogoM kA viyoga sunizcita hai, ataH dhana, vaibhava, parijana Adi kI prApti, surakSA, upabhoga evaM saMcaya kA atireka karanA nizcita rUpa se vyartha hI hai / vastutaH, artha- prabandhaka ko apanI icchAoM ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu AvazyakatAoM ke AdhAra para apanA Arthika vyavahAra karanA caahie| usakA lakSya kevala itanA hI honA cAhie ki vaha alpa vastuoM ke mAdhyama se apanA jIvana-nirvAha karatA huA jIvana-nirmANa ke patha para kadama bar3hA sake / uparyukta binduoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki artha - prabandhaka ko apanI bhUmikAnusAra parigraha kA ucita sImAMkana avazya karanA cAhie, jisase usakA jIvana santulita, samanvita evaM samagratA ko prApta ho ske| 10.68 artha - prabandhana kI prakriyA 50 artha-prabandhana kI prakriyA ke do mahattvapUrNa pakSa haiM 1) AvazyakatAoM kA samyak nirdhAraNa (1) AvazyakatAoM kA samyak nirdhAraNa prabandhana kI dRSTi se sarvaprathama niSpakSa aura anAgrahI hokara vivekapUrvaka artha kI AvazyakatAoM ko sUcIbaddha kara unakA Akalana karanA cAhie aura phira vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se unakA vizleSaNa karanA cAhie, jisase AvazyakatAoM kA samyak nirdhAraNa ho sake / - (ka) AvazyakatAoM kI avadhAraNA jIvana - prabandhana ke vibhinna pakSoM meM atyAvazyaka, Avazyaka evaM anAvazyaka kI avadhAraNA atimahattvapUrNa hai| jainazAstroM meM heya evaM upAdeya dRSTi se isakA vizleSaNa varNita hai / artha - prabandhana ke pariprekSya meM isa vizleSaNa ke dvArA hama vAstavika upayogitA evaM anupayogitA ko AdhAra banAkara apanI icchAoM, AvazyakatAoM evaM mA~goM kA ucita nirdhAraNa kara artha kA samyak sImAMkana kara sakate haiM / 2 ) AvazyakatApUrti kA samyak prayatna atyAvazyaka vastue~ (Most Important ) ve vastue~ jo jIvana kI anivArya evaM prAthamika AvazyakatAe~ haiM, jaise- bhojana, pAnI, AvAsa, vastra, cikitsA, zikSA Adi / Avazyaka vastue~ ( Important ) de vastue~ jinakI anivAryatA to nahIM hai, lekina upayogitA avazya hai, jaise sAmAnya vAhana, dUrabhASa, kampyUTara, makAna, dukAna, paMkhA, palaMga jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva - For Personal & Private Use Only 578
Page #673
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aadi| * anAvazyaka vastue~ (Unimportant) - ve vastue~ jo jIvana meM vAsanA, vilAsitA, suvidhAe~, pratiSThA-pradarzana, phaizana, vyasana Adi se sambandhita hotI haiM, hAnikAraka bhI hotI haiM aura kucha hI samaya meM Adata yA vyasana kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI haiM, sAtha hI samaya, zrama, sambandha, sammAna, sadguNa, saMskAra Adi ko vikRta bhI kara detI haiM, anAvazyaka vastue~ kahalAtI haiM, jaise - kaoNsmeTiksa, maha~gI gAr3iyA~, vizAla haveliyA~, kImatI vastra, mAdaka dravya, maha~gA pharnIcara, AkarSaka AbhUSaNa Adi / isa prakAra, jIvana ke pratyeka stara para artha kA uparyukta vibhAjana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa hetu nimna bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai - yaha vibhAjana pratyeka prabandhaka ke lie bhinna-bhinna hotA hai, kyoMki vaiyaktika saMskAra, ruci, uddezya, zikSA, saMgati, karma-preraNA, pRSThabhUmi, umra, bhaugolika vyavasthA Adi jIvana ke vividha pahala prAyaH sabhI ke bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| yaha vibhAjana yadyapi vyaktigata hotA hai, tathApi yaha manecchA athavA loka-pravAha kI vikRtiyoM para AdhArita na hokara artha kI vAstavika upayogitA para AdhArita (Need based system) honA caahie| yaha locapUrNa hone se deza, kAla, vyakti evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para parivartanazIla hotA hai| isake AdhAra para vyakti ko karttavyatraya kA pAlana karanA cAhie - 1) anAvazyaka kA samAptIkaraNa 2) Avazyaka kA saMkSepIkaraNa evaM 3) atyAvazyaka kA saatvikiikrnn| (kha) AvazyakatAoM kA vizleSaNa artha-prabandhaka ko apanI AvazyakatAoM kA ucita vizleSaNa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai aura isa hetu use nimnalikhita mApadaNDoM ke AdhAra para vizleSaNa karanA caahie| kAla ke AdhAra para - artha-prabandhaka ko yaha vizleSaNa karanA jarurI hai ki AvazyakatAoM kA sambandha kisa kAla se hai - bhUta, vartamAna athavA bhaviSya se aura vartamAna meM unakI koI prAsaMgikatA hai bhI athavA nhiiN| yadi prAsaMgikatA na ho, to usa AvazyakatA ko nirasta kara denA caahie| * sAdhanoM kI upalabdhatA ke AdhAra para - artha-prabandhaka ko AvazyakatApUrti ke sAdhanoM kA bhI samyak vizleSaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| jainAcAryoM ne sAdhanoM ke sandarbha meM do siddhAnta pratipAdita kie haiM, jinheM dhyAna meM rakhakara artha-prabandhaka ko apanA vyavahAra karanA cAhie - prathama yaha hai ki sAdhana ke binA sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM hotI71 evaM dvitIya yaha hai ki icchAe~ bhale hI asIma hoM, kintu sAdhana sadaiva sImita hI hote haiN|172 ataH artha-prabandhaka ko samyak 579 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 51 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #674
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie ucita sAdhanoM ko prApta karane kA prayatna to karanA cAhie, phira bhI yadi sAdhana upalabdha na ho sakeM, to apanI AvazyakatAoM ko vivekapUrvaka nirasta kara denA cAhie anyathA icchApUrti ke prayatna vyartha hokara asantoSa ke kAraNa bhI bana jAte haiN| kula milAkara, sAdhanoM ke abhAva meM vyakti ko vyartha hI icchApUrti kA haThAgraha nahIM rakhanA caahie| udAharaNArtha, pUMjI ke abhAva meM bhI AlIzAna makAna, kAra, naukara-cAkara, pharnIcara Adi kI icchA rakhanA mUrkhatA hai| pUrti kI sambhAvanA ke AdhAra para - aksara ve AvazyakatAe~ bhI asantoSa kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiM, jinakI bAjAra meM pUrti kI sambhAvanA na ho| ataH artha-prabandhaka ko bAjAra kI sthiti kI bhI samIkSA karanI caahie| yadi sambhAvanA alpa ho athavA na ho, to icchAoM ko nirasta kara denA hI ucita hai, anyathA kaI bAra samaya, zrama evaM dhana bekAra calA jAtA hai| uddezyoM ke AdhAra para - AvazyakatA ke nirdhAraNa karane ke pUrva yaha vizleSaNa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki AvazyakatA kA uddezya kyA hai? svArtha, parArtha athavA aatmaarth| jainadarzana meM yaha spaSTa mantavya hai ki parArtha ke lie svArtha kA tyAga karanA sarvathA ucita hai, kintu AtmArtha kA nhiiN|173 ataH artha-prabandhaka ko ina tInoM uddezyoM ke bIca nimna santulana sthApita karanA jarurI hai - * vaha Atmahita kI AvazyakatAoM ko sarvoparI prAthamikatA de| * vaha lokahita kI AvazyakatAoM ko sApekSika prAthamikatA de| * vaha svArthajanya AvazyakatAoM ko yathAzakya gauNatA pradAna kre| vaikalpikatA ke AdhAra para - kucha AvazyakatAe~ vaikalpika (Optional) hotI haiM, jinheM aneka prakAra se santuSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH unakA nirdhAraNa karate samaya artha-prabandhaka ko ucita lacIlApana (Flexibility) rakhanA Avazyaka hai|74 mA~ga ke AdhAra para - AvazyakatAoM kA nirNaya lene se pUrva hI yaha samIkSA bhI jarurI hai ki isakI mA~ga kA sahI AdhAra kyA hai - vAstavika, aupacArika athavA kaalpnik| kAlpanika AvazyakatAoM kA parityAga, aupacArika AvazyakatAoM kA parisImana tathA vAstavika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA prayatna karanA caahie| pUrti ke srota ke AdhAra para - yaha vizleSaNa bhI jarurI hai ki AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie navIna vastuoM ko grahaNa karanA cAhie athavA pUrva-saMgRhIta vastue~ hI paryApta haiN| vastutaH, navIna ke bajAya pUrva-saMgRhIta vastuoM ke dvArA hI AvazyakatApUrti ko prAthamikatA denI caahie| isa prakAra, AvazyakatAoM kA vizleSaNa kara atyAvazyaka ko prAthamikatA denA aura anAvazyaka ko chor3ane kA viveka pratisamaya jAgrata rakhanA artha-prabandhaka kA karttavya hai| sAtha hI AvazyakatAoM ko dhIre-dhIre kama karane kI nirantara jAgRti rakhate hue jIvana-yApana karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| dhIre-dhIre 52 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 580 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #675
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ use yaha AtmavizvAsa bhI jAgrata karanA cAhie ki nirdhArita AvazyakatAoM meM aura adhika kaTautI bhI sambhava hai yA inake binA bhI jIvana jiyA jA sakatA hai| isa hetu artha-prabandhaka ko samaya-samaya para niyata vastu ke binA bhI jIne kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie, jisase usake Atmabala kA vikAsa ho sake aura sAdhanA meM nikhAra A ske| pariNAmasvarUpa, usameM zArIrika evaM mAnasika paripakvatA AtI jAtI hai aura pUrva meM jo vastu atyAvazyaka mahasUsa hotI thI, vaha dhIre-dhIre Avazyaka aura Age anAvazyaka kI zreNI meM pahu~ca jAtI hai| isa prakAra jIvana yAtrA meM icchAe~ anantatA se zUnyatA kI ora simaTatI jAtI haiM aura artha-prabandhaka kI prasannatA aura AtmanirbharatA satata bar3hatI jAtI hai| (2) AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA samyak prayatna (ka) sAdhanoM ke prayoga meM sAvadhAniyA~ artha-prabandhana ke lie AvazyakatApUrti ke sAdhanoM kA samyak vizleSaNa karanA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| isa vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para hI use ucita sAdhanoM kA cayana karake unakA samyak prayoga karanA caahie| kaSAyoM kI mandatA - artha sambandhI prayatnoM meM cAroM prakAra kI kaSAyoM - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA pratikSaNa prayoga hotA rahatA hai| aksara inakA atireka ho jAyA karatA hai| jyoM-jyoM lAbha aura aizvarya kI prApti hotI jAtI hai, tyoM-tyoM lobha aura mAna bar3hatA jAtA hai| isake viparIta isameM vighna yA viphalatA hAtha lagane para krodha aura mAyA bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| isase cAritra kI hAni hue bagaira nahIM rhtii| kaSAyoM kI tIvratA se vyakti ke ihaloka aura paraloka - donoM bigar3a jAte haiN| ataH artha-prabandhaka ke lie kaSAyoM kI tIvratA ko niyantrita karane kA abhyAsa karanA atyAvazyaka hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - krodha ko kSamA se, mAna ko mRdutA se, mAyA ko saralatA evaM ImAnadArI se tathA lobha ko santoSa se jItane kA prayatna karanA caahie| vastutaH yahI sukhI jIvana kI kuMjI hai| pravRttiyoM kI zubhratA - artha-purUSArtha meM mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika pravRttiyoM kI viziSTa bhUmikA hotI hai| artha-prabandhana ke lie inakI, sAtvikatA para vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAnA caahie| inake durupayoga se sva-para donoM kA hI nukasAna hotA hai| bAhara meM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi ke dvArA anya jIvoM ko hAni pahu~catI hai, to aMtaraMga meM pApa-karmoM kA saMcaya bhI hotA hai| ataH artha-prabandhaka ko mana se duzcintana, vacana se ahitakArI, amitakArI evaM apriyakArI bhASA kA prayoga tathA kAyA se hiMsA, corI Adi asadvyavahAra nahIM karane caahie| * kRta, kArita evaM anumata kI sAvadhAnI - vyakti anyonyAzrita (Interdependent) hotA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM vyakti kabhI svayaM kArya meM juTatA hai, kabhI dUsaroM ko kArya meM niyukta karatA hai aura kabhI dUsaroM ko kArya hetu anumati, preraNA, protsAhana evaM samarthana Adi pradAna 581 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 53 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #676
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karatA hai| jainadarzana meM inheM hI kramazaH kRta, kArita evaM anumata rUpa trikaraNa kahA gayA hai| cU~ki sAmAjika jIvana meM vyakti anyonyAzrita hotA hai, ataH use ina trikaraNoM kA prayoga to karanA hI hotA hai| use inake anAvazyaka prayogoM se bacane kA yathAsambhava prayAsa karanA cAhie kyoMki jainadarzana meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki kRta-kArita-anumata tInoM se hue zubhAzubha karmoM kA bhugatAna pratyeka vyakti ko karanA hI par3atA hai| AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA ke vikAsa krama meM sAdhaka ko yaha bhI cAhie ki vaha kRta-kArita-anumata kA kramazaH parityAga karate jaae| 178 jaise-jaise vyakti kI AvazyakatA kama hotI jAtI hai, vaise-vaise usakI gatividhiyA~ bhI svataH kama hotI jAtI haiN| saMrambha, samArambha evaM Arambha kI ucitatA179 - artha sambandhI prakriyAoM ke antargata kArya-yojanA banAnA, kArya hetu sAdhanoM ko juTAnA tathA kArya kA kriyAnvayana karanA - ye tInoM kArya hote hI haiM, jinheM jainadarzana meM kramazaH saMrambha, samArambha evaM Arambha kahA gayA hai| yadyapi ye tInoM hI Avazyaka haiM, phira bhI artha-prabandhaka ko inake atireka para ucita niyaMtraNa karanA caahie| yaha Avazyaka hai ki saMrambha ho, lekina isameM anAvazyaka ArttadhyAna aura raudradhyAna arthAt harSa-viSAda na ho| yaha bhI jarurI hai ki bhUmi, zrama, pUMjI, prabandha aura sAhasa Adi sAdhanoM kA ekatrIkaraNa (samArambha) ho, kintu yaha kArya ucita mAtrA meM, ucita guNavattA ke sAtha, ucita samaya para evaM alpAtialpa pApa-vyApArapUrvaka ho| isI taraha Arambha sambandhI kAryoM ke lie Avazyaka hai ki unakI maryAdA ho| utpAdana ke bAhya sAdhanoM kA samyak prayoga - Adhunika arthazAstrI alphreDa mArzala ne utpAdana ke bAhya sAdhanoM ke pA~ca vibhAga kie haiM - 1) bhUmi 2) zrama 3) pUMjI 4) prabandhana aura 5) sAhasa / 180 jainagranthoM meM utpAdana ke sAdhanoM kA aisA vargIkaraNa to nahIM milatA, tathApi ina saba tathyoM kA yathAvasara vizleSaNa evaM vivecana avazya kiyA gayA hai| 181 artha-prabandhana kI saphalatA ke lie hameM ina pA~coM sAdhanoM ke prayoga meM ucita viveka rakhanA cAhie, anyathA yahI sAdhana bahu-Arambha-parigraha rUpa hone se narakAvAsa ke sAdhana bhI siddha ho sakate haiN|182 isa prakAra, bAhya evaM aMtaraMga sAdhanoM kA pUrI sajagatA ke sAtha sadupayoga karanA caahie| cAhe makAna banAnA ho, dukAna calAnA ho, bhojana banAnA ho, udyoga calAnA ho, khetI karanI ho, yAtrA karanI ho yA anya koI bhI kArya kyoM na karanA ho, hameM nirarthaka hI dUsare jIvoM ke sAtha aisA vyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhie, jo hameM apane lie pasanda na ho|183 sthUla-hiMsA Adi doSa to karanA hI nahIM,184 lekina nirarthaka sUkSma-hiMsA Adi doSoM se bhI bacanA caahie|185 phira bhI bhUlavaza yadi doSoM kA sevana ho jAe, to sajagatA evaM sahajatA ke sAtha unakI nindA, gardA (gurU ke samakSa doSoM kI svIkRti), AlocanA, pratikramaNa evaM pratyAkhyAna avazya karanA caahie| yahI jainAcAryoM dvArA nirdiSTa sAdhana-zuddhi hai| 54 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 582 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #677
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (kha) AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie ucita prakriyAe~ ucita AvazyakatAoM evaM unakI pUrti ke sAdhanoM kA nirdhAraNa karane kI sArthakatA tabhI hai, jaba kriyAnvayana kI samyak prakriyA kA pAlana evaM prabandhana bhI ho| yaha prakriyA aneka choTI-bar3I prakriyAoM kA samUha hotI hai, jinakA samucita prabandhana karane para hI artha sambandhI prayatnoM meM saphalatA prApta ho sakatI hai| ye prakriyAe~ cAra prakAra kI hotI haiM - grahaNa prakriyA - arthopArjana yA artha-prApti kI prakriyA surakSA prakriyA - upArjita yA prApta artha ke saMrakSaNa evaM rakha-rakhAva kI prakriyA upabhoga prakriyA - upArjita artha ke upayoga kI prakriyA saMgraha prakriyA - atirikta artha ke saMcaya kI prakriyA pratIta hotA hai ki ye cAroM prakriyAe~ mUlataH prAcIna maharSiyoM dvArA upadiSTa cAroM saMjJAoM se sambaddha haiN| inakA pArasparika sambandha isa prakAra hai - 1) AhAra saMjJA kI pUrti kA sAdhana hai - grahaNa prakriyA 2) bhaya saMjJA kI pUrti kA sAdhana hai - surakSA prakriyA 3) maithuna saMjJA kI pUrti kA sAdhana hai - upabhoga prakriyA 4) parigraha saMjJA kI pUrti kA sAdhana hai - saMgraha prakriyA yadyapi sAmAnya vyakti ke jIvana meM ye prakriyAe~ nirantara sAtha-sAtha calatI rahatI haiM, tathApi mahattva kI apekSA se inakA eka krama rahatA hai| vyakti sarvaprathama grahaNa-prakriyA ko sarvocca prAthamikatA detA hai| artha kI prApti hone para surakSA-prakriyA kI prAthamikatA ho jAtI hai| artha kI surakSA sunizcita hone para upabhoga prakriyA ko pramukhatA milatI hai aura anta meM upabhoga karake santRpta hone para zeSa artha kI saMgraha-prakriyA pramukha ho jAtI hai| isa AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye prakriyAe~ nirantara gatizIla artha-cakra (Economic Cycle) kA nirmANa karatI haiN| kisI niyata vastu kI apekSA se artha kA yaha cakra svataH spaSTa hai| sAmAnya vyakti kisI vastuvizeSa kA grahaNa, surakSA, upabhoga aura saMgraha prAyaH saMgraha/ surakSA anukrama se hI karatA rahatA hai aura saMgRhIta artha kA punaH niveza karake | niveza arthavRddhi kA prayatna bhI karatA rahatA hai| phalasvarUpa, abhivardhita artha ko punaH grahaNa karatA hai| isa taraha se yaha arthacakra anavarata pravAhita upabhoga (Continuous Process) hotA rahatA hai| yaha cakra dikhane meM sarala hai, lekina isa cakra kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai - isake grahaNAdi kArakoM kI jaTilatA, jisase vyakti isa cakra ko ucita DhaMga se niyaMtrita nahIM rakha pAtA aura phalataH grahaNa 583 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 55 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #678
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yaha asantulita ho jAtA hai| isa cakra kI jaTilatA kA mUla kAraNa yahI hai ki vyakti aksara grahaNa, surakSA, upabhoga, saMgraha aura vRddhi sambandhI kriyAoM meM apanI sImA kA ullaMghana kara detA hai| vaha puNya-pApa karmoM (saMcita karmo) ke phalasvarUpa prApta paristhitiyoM meM apanI manaHsthiti ko niyaMtrita nahIM rakha pAtA aura kabhI grahaNa kA atireka karatA hai, to kabhI surakSA, upabhoga, saMgraha athavA vRddhi kaa| vaha prArambha meM inake atireka ke duSpariNAmoM ko samajha nahIM pAtA, kintu bAda meM yahI 'artha' usakI jiMdagI meM anartha kA mUla bana jAtA hai|186 isa artha-cakra kI pratisamaya bar3hatI huI visaMgatiyA~ vyakti ko kaiMsara ke roga ke samAna pIr3ita karatI rahatI haiN| ye visaMgatiyA~ isa prakAra haiM - 1) jIvana dinoMdina bojhila evaM azAntimaya bnnaa| 2) samasyAoM kA dinoMdina bar3hanA, kintu samAdhAnoM kA abhAva honaa| 3) pApAcAra kI vRddhi honaa| 4) sAdhana-zuddhi meM viveka kA abhAva honaa| 5) mAnavAdhikAroM kA hanana honaa| 6) anyoM ke sAtha vaira-vaimanasya kI vRddhi honaa| 7) prasannatA kA abhAva evaM jIvana yaMtravat honaa| 8) AtmahatyA, mAdaka padArthoM kA sevana, AparAdhika pravRtti Adi kI naubata aanaa| 9) jhUThI zAna-zaukata evaM aizo-ArAma kI Adata bana jaanaa| 10) jIvana ke anya vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika uddezyoM kI upekSA honA ityaadi| ___ ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratyeka vyakti ke jIvana meM isa cakra ke samyak prabandhana kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 584 For Personal & Private Use Only .
Page #679
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uparyukta artha-cakra kA gaharAI se vizleSaNa karane para isake tIna sambhAvita rUpa ho sakate haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM artha-cakra ke prakAra nirantara vRddhizIla nirantara hrAsazIla T santulanazIla 187 pramukha vizeSatAe~ 1) vyakti kI Arthika sthiti kA satata vikAsa / 2) vyAvasAyika dAyitva kI nirantara vRddhi / 3) anya vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika pahaluoM kI upekSA / 4 ) samyak artha - prabandhana kA abhAva / 1) vyakti kI Arthika vipannatA meM vRddhi / 2) upArjana kama evaM upabhoga adhika / 3) karja meM nirantara vRddhi / 4) anya vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika pahaluoM kI upekssaa| 5) samyak artha-prabandhana kA abhaav| 1) vyakti kI Arthika sthiti meM santulana / 2) Aya ke hisAba se vyaya / 3) karjazUnya sthiti / 4) samyak artha - prabandhana kA sadbhAva / 5) dharma, artha, bhoga evaM mokSa purUSArtha meM ucita santulana / santulanazIla artha-cakra ke aucitya kA cintana prAcInakAla se hI hotA AyA hai| isameM deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para parivartana bhI hote rahe haiM, kintu mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki hara yuga meM prabuddha janoM ne artha ke samyak niyojana ke prayatnoM para hI bala diyA hai| kauTilIya arthazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki gRhastha sarvaprathama apanI Aya para vicAra kare ki vaha kitanA aura kaise kamAtA hai, kyoMki anyAya se kamAyA huA eka paisA bhI samasta dhana ko dUSita kara detA sahI (V) yA galata (x) x yogazAstra meM bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki eka sadgRhastha nyAyanItipUrvaka dhanopArjana kare tathA Aya ke anupAta meM hI vyaya kare / ' 188 jaina-granthoM ke anusAra, prAcIna samaya meM santulanazIla artha - cakra kI sthApanA ke lie nimna prakAra se niyojana kiyA jAtA thA' 189 585 adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 57
Page #680
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dhana kA eka bhAga vyApAra ke lie lagatA thaa| eka bhAga gharelU vyavasthA, atithi-sevA tathA dAna Adi kAryoM ke lie rakhA jAtA thaa| eka bhAga apane Azrita vyaktiyoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa ke lie hotA thaa| eka bhAga bhaviSya ke lie surakSita rakhA jAtA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pramukha zrAvaka Ananda ne apanI sampatti kA na kevala parimANa kiyA, balki unakA tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para samyak niyojana bhI kiyA - cAra karor3a sonaiyA (prAcIna mudrA) vyApAra meM lagAI, cAra karor3a ghara, bhUmi, AbhUSaNa, jAyadAda Adi meM lagAI tathA cAra karor3a bhUmi meM surakSita rkhii| dIghanikAya meM zrI gautama buddha ne bhI eka sundara vyavasthA batAI hai190 gRhastha ko dhana kA eka bhAga svayaM ke kharca ke lie upayoga karanA caahie| do bhAga vyApAra meM lagAnA caahie| eka bhAga bhaviSya ke lie surakSita rakhanA caahie| isa prakAra, yaha dyotita hotA hai ki artha-cakra ke ucita santulana hetu mahApurUSoM ne deza, kAla evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para sadupadeza die haiN| vartamAna pariprekSya meM bhI vyakti ko grahaNAdi prakriyAoM meM ucita santulana sthApita karane kI AvazyakatA hai| yadyapi Aja kI artha-vyavasthA meM mudrAsphIti kI dara (Inflation Rate) bahuta jyAdA hai (lagabhaga 8-10%) jisase maha~gAI bhI nirantara bar3ha rahI hai, phira bhI dUradarzitApUrvaka apanI AvazyakatAoM ko maryAdita karate hue santulita artha-niyojana (Financial Planning) karane kI atIva AvazyakatA hai, tabhI vyakti jIvana ko dharmAnukUla evaM mokSAnukUla kara skegaa| isa prakAra, artha ke atireka evaM alpatA se bacate hue artha prakriyAoM kA samyak prabandhana karanA nitAnta jarurI hai| isa hetu artha-prabandhaka ko grahaNa, surakSA, upabhoga evaM saMgraha - ina cAroM artha-prakriyAoM kA pRthak-pRthak prabandhana karanA cAhie, inakA varNana Age kiyA jA rahA hai| 1) grahaNa-prabandhana jIvana meM vastu kI upayogitA kA samyak vizleSaNa evaM nirNaya karake vastu ko grahaNa karanA hI grahaNa-prabandhana hai| isake abhAva meM avivekapUrNa DhaMga se gRhIta vastu bojha rUpa ho jAtI hai| cAhe dhana kA upArjana ho, vastu kA kraya ho athavA upahAra kI svIkRti ho, aksara vyakti ke mana meM vAstavika AvazyakatA kI samajha kA abhAva rahatA hai aura pralobhana meM mana lalacA jAtA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko mAtrajJa honA cAhie arthAt grahaNa kI jAne vAlI vastu kI mAtrA kA viveka honA caahie|191 58 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 586 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #681
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Ajakala sAmAnya stara ke ghara-dukAnoM meM bhI prAyaH AvazyakatA se adhika vastra, bartana, kraoNkarI, jUte-cappala, pharnIcara Adi anekAneka sAmagriyA~ dikhAI detI haiM, jinameM se kaI to pUrA upayoga kie binA hI naSTa ho jAtI haiN| yahA~ taka ki gRhIta vastu kI dekha-rekha, rakha-rakhAva, upabhoga evaM saMgraha karane meM aneka takalIpheM bhI AtI haiN| isameM vyartha hI zrama, kaSTa evaM kArya-bhAra bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| ataH grahaNa-prabandhana karanA jIvana kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| grahaNa-prabandhana kA yaha siddhAnta hai ki kabhI bhI kisI vastu ko zaukiyA nahIM kharIdanA caahie| pahale yaha vicAranA cAhie ki kyA vastu kI sacamuca AvazyakatA hai yA kevala usakA AkarSaNabhara hai yA akAraNa hI prApta karane kI icchA hai? saste hone se athavA loka-pravAha se kisI vastu ko kharIdanA ucita nahIM hai| ataH lobha kA tyAga kara sirpha AvazyakatAnusAra hI kharIdanA caahie| grahaNa-prabandhana ke lie sAdhana-zuddhi ke bAre meM samyak samajha kA honA bhI apekSita hai| vastu ke utpAdana, vinimaya, vitaraNa evaM upabhoga meM anyAya, anIti evaM akalpanIya doSoM kA sevana hotA ho to usakA tyAga kara denA caahie| yadi vastu nirIha prANiyoM ke vadha se prApta camar3e, phara, rezama Adi doSapUrNa (hiMsA se prApta) padArthoM se nirmita haiM athavA dUradarAja se AyAtita (Imported) hai athavA upabhoga ke samaya manobhAvoM ko vikRta karatI ho, to vaha bhI grAhya nahIM hai| vastu yadi hamArI saMskRti, sadAcAritA aura sAdagI ke anurUpa ho, to hI grahaNa karanA caahie| yaha bhI dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki vastu kI upayogitA kitane samaya taka evaM kitanI bAra hogii| yadi yadA-kadA hI prayoga hotI ho, to usake vaikalpika upAya khojanA caahie| udAharaNArtha, vaivAhika Ayojana meM naI gAr3I, nayA sUTa, nayA pharnIcara Adi kharIdanA hamezA ucita nahIM hai| __ isI prakAra, vastu kA grahaNa karane ke pUrva usakI tAtkAlika hI nahIM, varan dIrghakAlika lAbha-hAni kA samyak vizleSaNa bhI karanA Avazyaka hai| jaina-paramparA meM ise 'eSaNA-samiti' nAmaka AcAra kahA jAtA hai, jo muni evaM zrAvaka donoM ke lie pAlanIya hai| muni ke lie to spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha AhAra, vihAra, nihAra Adi sabhI kAryoM ke lie Avazyaka bhUmi, bhavana, vastu Adi kI nirdoSatA ke bAre meM pahale pUrI jAnakArI le, phira unheM grahaNa kare, anyathA use akalpanIya piNDa ke sevana kA doSa lagatA hai|192 . yaha sadaiva smaraNa rahe ki grahaNa karane ke pUrva vastu ke prati hamArA koI dAyitva nahIM banatA, ataH usakA tyAga AsAnI se kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu grahaNa karate hI usakI pUrI javAbadArI hamArI ho jAtI hai, ataH 'grahaNa' kI prakriyA meM sAvadhAnI rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra, kisI vastu ko grahaNa karane ke pUrva usa vastu kI 1) upayogitA (Utility), 2) mAtrA (Quantity), 3) guNavattA (Quality), 4) kImata (Price), 5) prayoga kI bArambAratA (Frequency of use), 6) upayogitA-kAla (Life Duration) 7) zuddhatA (Purity), 8) pAparahitatA 587 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 59 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #682
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (Blamelessness), 9) saMskRti-anUkula (Suitable to culture) evaM 10) bhAradeyatA (Burden/Obligation) kA samyaka vicAra karanA jarUrI hai aura yahI grahaNa-prabandhana hai| 2) surakSA prabandhana jisa prakAra artha ko samyaktayA grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra gRhIta athavA saMcita artha kI samyak surakSA karanA bhI eka anivArya karttavya hai, yahI surakSA-prabandhana hai| kaI bAra arthopArjana to kiyA jAtA hai, kintu samucita surakSA nahIM ho paatii| isake mukhya kAraNa haiM - 1) Alasya, 2) lAparavAhI evaM 3) atyadhika phailaavaa| grahaNa utanA hI karanA cAhie, jisakI hama Avazyaka surakSA evaM rakha-rakhAva kara skeN| jaina-muni kA yaha AcAra hai ki vaha Avazyaka vastu kI hI yAcanA kare evaM yAcanA se prApta vastu kI surakSA meM lAparavAhI na brte| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAdhu rAtri meM zayana ke samaya : upakaraNoM, jaise - oghA, mu~hapatti, pAtra, Asana Adi ko apane nikaTa hI rakhate haiN| yahA~ taka ki oghA evaM mu~hapatti ko chor3akara eka hAtha se adhika dUra jAnA bhI kalpya nahIM hai|193 jaina-zrAvaka ke lie bhI jaina-muni ke samAna hI surakSA-dAyitva nirdiSTa haiM, jinake mAdhyama se use Asakti kI nahIM, apitu jAgarukatA kI zikSA dI gaI hai| yaha spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki muni ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvaka varga bhI apane krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha Adi AvegoM (kaSAyoM) ko upazAnta rkhe| vaha dhairya, santoSa, kSamA, saralatA Adi sadguNoM kA vikAsa karatA huA apanA jIvana-prabandhana kare, kintu jAgarUkatA ke abhAva meM vaha inakA samucita pAlana nahIM kara paataa| kaI bAra vaha parigraha-vistAra ke lie to jAgarUka rahatA hai, kintu vidyamAna parigraha kI surakSA ke lie lAparavAhI baratatA hai| isI kAraNa, prAyaH gharoM, udyogoM evaM dukAnoM meM rakhe zAka, phala, dhAnya, vastra, pharnIcara Adi sar3ate rahate haiM, jinameM kaI bAra kIr3e bhI paidA ho jAte haiN| isase artha kA anAvazyaka apavyaya evaM nukasAna to hotA hI hai, anaginata jIvoM kI hiMsA kA doSa bhI lagatA hai| adhika munAphe ke pralobhana meM vyakti kaI bAra apane veyarahAUsa evaM sToraruma meM vastu kA atisaMgraha kara letA hai, kintu usakA vikraya nahIM hone kI sthiti meM vastu kI niyata kAlamaryAdA pUrI ho jAtI hai| isase na sirpha vyApArI kA nukasAna hotA hai, apitu vastu ke utpAdana evaM vinimaya meM prayukta zrama, samaya, Indhana, saMsAdhana Adi kA nukasAna bhI hotA hai| kaI bAra prAkRtika prakopa, jaise - ativRSTi, bAr3ha, A~dhI, tUphAna, cakravAta, ArdratA Adi hote rahate haiN| ye kaI bAra sAmayika, to kaI bAra asAmayika bhI hote haiM aura inase bhI atyadhika hAni hotI hai| surakSA vyavasthA meM khAmiyA~ hone se nijI aura sarakArI - donoM kSetroM meM sImeMTa, lakar3I, anAja, vAhana, mazIneM, lohA Adi sampattiyoM kI araboM-kharaboM rUpayoM kI hAni hotI hai| kintu yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki isase na to hama upalabdha saMsAdhanoM kA upayoga karate haiM aura na hI dUsaroM ke upayoga hetu sahayogI banate haiN| yaha hamArI pramAdavRtti kA udAharaNa hai| anekoM bAra amAnavIya kAryoM, jaise - AgajanI, tor3a-phor3a, daMge-phasAda Adi se bhI anAvazyaka 60 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 588 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #683
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hAniyA~ hotI haiM, jo cintA kA viSaya hai| mahAtmA gA~dhI kA yaha vicAra Aja bhI prAsaMgika hai ki 'manuSya artha kI kamI ke kAraNa utanA parezAna nahIM hai, jitanA artha kI avyavasthA (apavyaya) ke kAraNa hai| 194 kaI loga vastuoM kI asurakSA se ho rahe nukasAnoM ko mahattva nahIM dete haiN| ve kahate haiM ki - isameM kyA bigar3A hai, punaH kraya kara leNge| parantu jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM vastu ke Arthika-mUlya kA hI nahIM, apitu jaivika-mUlya kA bhI mahattva hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-paramparA meM eka bUMda pAnI (Adhunika-vijJAna ke anusAra, yaha 36,450 trasa jIvoM se yukta hai) ke apavyaya ko ghI Dholane se bhI adhika pApamaya mAnA gayA hai| yaha vastutaH kaMjUsI nahIM, balki mitavyayatA kA jvalanta udAharaNa hai| ___ kucha loga apanI surakSA ke lie hiMsaka kutte pAlate haiM, kisI apekSA se yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| apanI surakSA aura caina kI nIMda ke lie kisI nirIha prANI ko bA~dhakara rakhanA tathA usake lie haDDI, mAMsa Adi abhakSya padArthoM kI vyavasthA karanA anucita hai| Atma-surakSA ke lie pistaula, cAkU, talavAra Adi anAvazyaka rUpa se hiMsaka sAdhanoM ko rakhanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| yadyapi vratadhArI sAmAnya zrAvaka ke lie Atma-surakSArtha virodhI-hiMsA karanA varjita nahIM hai, tathApi vaha kisI bhI sAmAnya prasaMga meM anya prANiyoM kI hiMsA ke lie svataMtra bhI nahIM hai| Ajakala choTI-choTI bAtoM ko lekara bar3e-bar3e vivAda ho jAte haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa, kirAyedAra dvArA makAna khAlI nahIM karanA, khAlI bhUmi para par3osiyoM dvArA kacarA pheMkanA, huNDI kA samaya para bhugatAna nahIM honA, majadUroM dvArA har3atAla karanA, jAyadAda ke ba~TavAre meM pakSapAta honA ityAdi ve kArya haiM, jinameM hiMsaka upakaraNoM kA prayoga na to svayaM karanA cAhie, na hI dUsaroM dvArA karavAnA caahie| anyathA kSaNa bhara kI bhUla vyakti kA pUrA bhaviSya bigAr3a sakatI hai| ina vivAdoM ke samAdhAna ke lie prabandhaka ko nimna prayatna karane cAhie - vaha svayaM aisI lAparavAhI hI na barate ki dUsare ko usakA galata lAbha uThAne kA avasara mile| vivAda ho jAne kI sthiti meM sAmaMjasya ko prAthamikatA de| majabUrI meM bhI gairakAnUnI hathakaNDe apanAne ke bajAya pulisa, loka adAlata, nyAya-paMcAyata, upabhoktA phorama Adi kA sahayoga le| kula milAkara, surakSA-prabandhana ke lie yaha jarurI hai ki prabandhaka ahiMsAtmaka paddhati kA prayoga kare, jisase anyoM ke sAtha vaira-vaimanasya kI abhivRddhi na ho| sUtrakRtAMga meM cetAvanI ke rUpa meM kahA gayA hai - jo parigraha meM Asakta (vyasta) haiM, ve saMsAra meM apane prati vaira hI bar3hAte haiN| 196 surakSA prabandhana ke lie yaha dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki prabandhaka artha-surakSA ke lie jIvana-surakSA ko dA~va para lagAne vAle vyartha vivAdoM meM na pha~sa jAe, anyathA ye vivAda hI hamAre ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika sukha-zAnti ko naSTa kara deNge| 589 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 61 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #684
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3) upabhoga-prabandhana artha ke grahaNa aura surakSA ke sAtha-sAtha upabhoga - prabandhana kA vikAsa bhI eka Avazyaka aMga hai| jahA~ utpAdana upayogitA kA sRjana karatA hai, vahIM upabhoga usa upayogitA ko samApta kara detA hai| 197 phira bhI sAmAnyatayA artha- purUSArtha kA dhyeya upabhoga hI hotA hai / vastu ke upabhoga kA AkarSaNa hI mAnava ko artha kI prakriyAoM meM ulajhAtA hai / parantu jainAcArya mohita hokara upabhoga karane ke bajAya udAsInatApUrvaka (anAsaktipUrvaka) niyantrita upabhoga karane kI preraNA dete haiN| isa para niyantraNa karane se hI anya artha - prakriyAe~ grahaNa, surakSA aura saMgraha 198 AsAnI se prabandhita ho sakatI haiN| kucha varSa pUrva taka kAra sirpha vilAsitA kI vastu thI, dhIre-dhIre vaha suvidhA kI vastu banI aura aba to anivArya vastu bana cukI hai / yaha aniyaMtrita upabhoga kA hI pariNAma hai| jisa vyakti kA upabhoga - viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai, vaha upabhoga karane ke pUrva sajagatApUrvaka upayogitA ko TaTolatA hai aura upabhoga ko Adata nahIM banane detA hai ulTA, vaha upabhoga kA sImAkaraNa karate hue artha kI AvazyakatA kA hI sImAkaraNa kara detA hai / jaina-saMskRti meM upabhoga ke bajAya tyAga - vRtti ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| jo vyakti upabhoga para niyaMtraNa nahIM rakha pAtA, usakI dazA pazu se Upara nahIM uTha paatii| jaina muni ko jIvana - astitva banAe rakhane ke lie bhojana, pAnI, AvAsa Adi Avazyaka sAmagriyoM ko chor3akara zeSa kA parityAga karanA hotA hai| isase sunizcita hotA hai ki suvidhA, manoraMjana aura vilAsitA sambandhI upabhoga kie binA bhI jIvana jiyA jA sakatA hai evaM mAnavIya jIvana ke ucca lakSyoM ko bhI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| - mahAtmA gA~dhI kA sAmAjika jIvana eka Adarza hai| unake ucca naitika jIvana kA mUla sUtra thA 'sAdA jIvana aura ucca vicAra' / unhoMne alpa AvazyakatA aura niHsvArtha-vRtti apanAkara sAmAjika jIvana kA saphalatApUrvaka nirvAha kiyA / artha- prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha vivekapUrvaka maryAdita upabhoga hI kare, kisI bhI upabhoga-prakriyA ke pUrva usakI upayogitA kA ucita vizleSaNa avazya kre| vaha vicAra kare ki 62 yaha upabhoga vAstavika AvazyakatA hai yA nahIM? cAya, sigareTa, zarAba, aphIma Adi kI taraha yaha upabhoga kahIM Adata, saMskAra yA vyasana to nahIM bana jAegA? yaha deza - kAla kI maryAdA ke anurUpa hai bhI athavA nahIM? yaha sAmAjika rUpa se niSiddha to nahIM hai? yaha ahiMsA Adi sadguNoM ke pAlana meM bAdhaka to nahIM hai? jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 590
Page #685
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isake prati aMtaraMga mamatva evaM Asakti kisa sImA taka hai? isa prakAra, samyaka vizleSaNa karate hue niyaMtrita evaM maryAdAnukUla upabhoga karanA hI upabhoga-prabandhana hai| isakI vistRta carcA bhogopabhoga-prabandhana viSayaka adhyAya meM kI gaI hai| 4) saMgraha-prabandhana suvyavasthita jIvana-yApana hetu samyak saMgraha-prabandhana kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai| isa hetu vastu kI saMgrahaNa-yogyatA (Storing Ability) kA samyaka vizleSaNa evaM nirNaya karanA Avazyaka hai| aksara saMgraha-prabandhana ke abhAva meM vyakti kI saMgraha-vRtti para ucita roka nahIM laga paatii| vyakti bhaviSya ke prati aticintita, atibhayabhIta evaM atisaMvedanazIla hotA hai| ataH vaha saMgraha kI vAstavika AvazyakatA kA niSpakSa vizleSaNa bhI nahIM kara paataa| isase vastuoM kA saMgraha satata bar3hatA jAtA hai| isa saMgrahavRtti ke kyA duSpariNAma hote haiM, isakA varNana AcArAMga meM isa prakAra hai - vyakti dhanasaMgraha ke lie dUsaroM ke ahita ko bhI anadekhA karake yena-kena-prakAreNa dhana ekatra karatA rahatA hai, parantu yaha dhana kabhI sthira nahIM rahatA, kabhI parijana ise bA~Takara khA jAte haiM, to kabhI rAjA (vartamAna meM sarakAra) kara lagAkara vasUla letA hai, kabhI cora-DAkU ise lUTa lete haiM, to kabhI vyApArAdi meM ghATA hone se isakA nAza ho jAtA hai yA kabhI ghara meM Aga laga jAne se dhana-sampatti jalakara khAka ho jAtI hai, isa taraha aneka prakAra se dhana-sampatti kA vinAza ho jAtA hai|199 saMgraha kA yaha atireka hI vyakti kI prasannatA evaM zAnti ko naSTa kara usake zrama, prapaMcoM, vyastatAoM, kaSToM evaM trastatAoM ko bahuta adhika bar3hA detA hai| yahI mRtyu-zayyA para par3e-par3e vyakti taka ko zAnta nahIM hone detaa| isase na kevala bhAva, balki bhava bhI bigar3a jAte haiN| sAtha hI, kASAyika bhAvoM meM jIne se nikRSTa karmoM kA saMcaya bhI hotA rahatA hai| 200 kahA bhI gayA hai ki yaha lobha majIThe ke raMga ke samAna atigAr3ha hotA hai, jo jIva ko narakagati kI ora le jAtA hai|201 yahA~ taka ki saMcita dhana ko to dUsare har3apa lete haiM, jabaki saMcita karmoM kA phala to svayaM ko hI bhoganA par3atA hai|202 ataH saMgraha-prabandhana karake saMgraha ke atireka kI samucita rokathAma karanA atyAvazyaka hai| vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha AvazyakatAnusAra hI ucita saMgraha kare, jisase bhaviSya kI vyartha cintAoM meM pha~sakara usakI vartamAna kI zAnti aura prasannatA bhaMga na ho| saMgraha-prabandhana kA yaha siddhAnta hai ki kisI bhI vastu kA akAraNa saMgraha nahIM karanA caahie| vyakti ko yaha vicAranA cAhie ki vastu ke saMgraha kI AvazyakatA vAstavika hai athavA kaalpnik| vastu ke saMgraha sambandhI kucha asvAbhAvika kAraNa isa prakAra hote haiM - vastu kA saMgraha karane kA shauk| 591 adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana 63 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #686
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vastu ko chor3A yA dUsaroM ko diyA nahIM jAtA - aisI kRpnntaa| vastu kA ucita kharIdadAra nahIM milatA - aisI vivshtaa| vastu kI kImata bar3hegI, tabhI beceMge - aisA pralobhana / 'abhI to bilkula jarurata nahIM hai, kintu kabhI jarurata par3a gaI to' - aisI soc| 'abhI kAma bahuta haiM, isake bAre meM bAda meM soceMge taba taka ise rakho' - aisI prmaad-dshaa| 'bahuta kaThinAI se kamAI hai, ise yU~ hI kaise dAna kara deM yA beMca de yA de deM' - aisI aaskti| isa prakAra, dUSita vicAroM ko vamanakara, sakArAtmaka vicAroM ko grahaNakara, kevala vAstavika AvazyakatAoM ke AdhAra para hI saMgraha karanA caahie| yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki saMgRhIta padArthoM kA bhaviSya meM upayoga ho pAe yA nahIM, kintu unake lena-dena, uThAne-rakhane, sApha-saphAI Adi meM anaginata jIvoM kI hiMsA tathA anya pApoM kA sevana to hotA hI hai, ataH vastuoM kA ucita evaM Avazyaka saMgraha hI karanA caahie| ise jainadarzana meM 'AdAna-nikSepa' nAmaka cauthI samiti ke rUpa meM bhI nirdezita kiyA gayA hai| 203 kula milAkara, saMgraha-prabandhana ke lie hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi doSoM ko TAlanA eka Avazyaka kArya hai| padArthoM ke saMgrahaNa meM vyakti ke manobhAvoM meM aneka vikAra bhI janma le lete haiM, jaise - vaira, ahaMkAra, mamatA ityaadi| isase vyakti satata bojhila, bhayabhIta evaM tanAvagrasta rahatA hai|204 ataH saMgraha kI sImA honA atyAvazyaka hai| saMgraha-prabandhana ke lie yaha vicAranA bhI Avazyaka hai ki saMgRhIta vastu kA bhaviSya meM nukasAna hone kI sambhAvanA kitanI hai| jahA~ aisI sambhAvanA adhika pratIta ho, vahA~ saMgraha hI kama kara denA caahie| aksara atisaMgraha ke kAraNa nijI aura sarakArI donoM kSetroM meM atyadhika nukasAna hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, kaI bAra lAkhoM Tana anupayogI anAja ko samudra yA baoNyalara meM DAla kara naSTa karanA, bAhara khulI jagaha par3e hue sImeMTa, reta, purAnI mazIneM, lohA, purAne pharnIcara Adi sAmagriyoM kA kharAba honA, goDAuna, veyara hAusa, mAla-godAma Adi bhaNDAroM meM rakhe vastra, koyalA, ruI Adi meM agnikANDa honA ityaadi| inameM na kevala Arthika , balki samaya, zrama, saMsAdhana Adi kA nukasAna bhI hotA hai| ataeva vastuoM kA saMgraha ucita mAtrA meM hI karanA caahie| saMgraha-prabandhana ke antargata yaha vicAranA bhI Avazyaka hai ki atisaMgraha hI sAmAjika vaira evaM viSamatA kA kAraNa bhI hai| Aja duniyA kI adhikAMza sampatti para kucha hajAra logoM kA kabjA hai| aneka loga Arthika-vipannatA ke daura se gujara rahe haiN| isase hI vikasita evaM vikAsazIla dezoM meM paraspara asantoSa panapa rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM, rASTrIya, sAmudAyika tathA pArivArika stara para bhI paraspara vaira-virodha bar3ha rahA hai| hara vyakti bhItara meM kaluSatA evaM bAhara meM kAlAbAjArI ko protsAhana 64 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 592 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #687
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ de rahA hai| saMgraha-prabandhaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha pUre vizva para apanA ekAdhikAra jamAne kA kusvapna na dekhe evaM kuceSTA na kre| dazavaikAlikasUtra kI nimna paktiyA~ sadaiva smaraNa rakhe05 - vayaM ca vittiM labmAmo, na ya koi uvahammai / ahAgaDesu rIyaMte, pupphesu bhamarA jhaa|| Azaya yaha hai ki jisa taraha bhramara puSpoM se parAga prApta kara letA hai aura puSpa kA upamardana (hiMsA) bhI nahIM karatA, usI taraha hameM bhI anyoM kA zoSaNa (hiMsA) na karate hue jIvana-nirvAha kara lenA caahie| isa hetu asaMgrahavRtti ko apanAnA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki saMgraha karanA apratyakSa rUpa se dUsaroM ke adhikAroM kA zoSaNa karanA (upamardana) hI hai| jainAcAryoM ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI asaMgraha-vRtti kA upadeza diyA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai - 'asaMvibhAgI na hu tassa mokkho' arthAt jo sAdhaka dUsaroM ke lie apane svAmitva kI vastuoM kA samyaka vibhAga nahIM karate, ve bhAvoM kI kaluSatA se grasta rahane se mokSa ke sahI adhikArI nahIM bana pAte / 206 isase spaSTa hai ki jIvana-prabandhaka ko bhI apanI saMgraha-vRtti ko maryAdita kara apane artha kA sadupayoga dUsare jaruratamaMdoM ke lie karanA caahie| jaina-muni kA jIvana asaMgraha-vRtti kA utkRSTa evaM preraka udAharaNa hai| eka jaina-muni ke jIvana kA prasaMga hai| unhoMne kAryavazAt kisI se eka suI lI, kintu lauTAnA bhUla ge| agale dina ve prasthAna karake dUsare sthAna para phuNce| acAnaka unheM suI kA smaraNa ho aayaa| Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki ve vApasa pichale gA~va meM suI lauTAne hetu ge| dhanya hai unakI asaMgrahavRtti, nispRhatA evaM jaagruktaa| yaha kisI sAdhuvizeSa kI hI nahIM, balki jaina-paramparA kI sAmAnya AcAra-saMhitA hai|207 jaina muni ke lie kahA bhI gayA hai - ye munirAja sadA sukhI rahate haiM, kyoMki ye hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna evaM bahiraMga-aMtaraMga donoM parigraha kA tyAgakara Atma-vilAsa meM sadaiva nimagna rahate haiN|208 hiMsA-moSa adatta nivArI, nahIM maithuna ke paas| dravya-bhAva parigraha ke tyAgI, lIne tattva vilAsa / / jaina-zrAvaka ko bhI parigraha kA samyak parimANa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| use cAhie ki vaha sukhI jIvana ke lie saMgraha ke sAtha santoSa kA samanvaya kre| vaha yaha bhUla na kare ki jIvana to ho cAra dina kA aura sAmAna ho sau sAla kaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pramukha anuyAyI puniyA zrAvaka kA jIvanAdarza sadaiva smaraNa rakhanA cAhie, jo pratidina jIvana-nirmANa kI sAdhanA ko prAthamikatA dete hue kevala itanA hI dhanopArjana karatA thA, jisase usake eka dina ke jIvana-yApana kI vyavasthA ho ske| isI kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI kahanA par3A ki jaisA sukha puniyA ko hai, vaisA sukha to samrAT zreNika ko svapna meM bhI nahIM mila sktaa|209 593 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 65 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #688
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa prakAra, artha-prabandhaka ke jIvana meM saMgraha-prabandhana kA atyanta mahattva hai| use cAhie ki vaha eka ora saMgraha ke atireka para ucita lagAma de aura dUsarI ora anya jIvoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi se dayA, dAna, sevA, sahayoga evaM saMvibhAga kA sadvyavahAra kre| (ga) artha-prabandhana kA vikAsa-krama artha-prabandhana kI prakriyA meM kisI bhI prabandhaka ke lie tIna karaNIya karttavya haiM - vartamAna bhUmikA ke sAtha nyAya karanA - prabandhaka kA prathama kartavya hai ki vaha apanI vartamAna bhUmikA yA stara kI sahI pahacAna kare evaM bhamikAnarUpa apanI ucita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA prayatna ucita sAdhana-zuddhi ke sAtha kre| * uttarottara ucca bhUmikA kI prApti karanA - prabandhaka kA dvitIya karttavya hai ki vaha apanI bhUmikA yA stara ke uttarottara vikAsa kA samyak prayatna bhI karatA rhe| isa hetu vaha apane dRSTikoNa evaM vyavahAra ko zuddha kre| padArthAzrita jIvana-dRSTi ko chor3akara AtmAzrita jIvana-dRSTi ke AdhAra para apanA jIvana-vyavahAra kre| isase usake bhAvoM meM zubhratA, kaSAyoM meM mandatA, icchAoM meM kamI aura AvazyakatAoM meM alpatA AtI jaaegii| pariNAmasvarupa usakA aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga parigraha saMyamita hotA jaaegaa| sAtha hI, na kevala tAtkAlika jIvana meM, balki bhAvI jIvana meM bhI duHkhoM meM kamI tathA sukha-zAnti meM vRddhi hotI jaaegii| sarvocca dazA kI prApti karanA - prabandhaka kA antima karttavya hai ki vaha artha-prabandhana kI carama yA sarvocca dazA kI prApti hetu sadaiva prayatnazIla rhe| vaha bhale hI zanaiH-zanaiH, lekina dRr3hatApUrvaka isa bhUmikA ko apanA lakSya-bindu banAe, kyoMki yahI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM artha rUpI auSadhi kI parAdhInatA sadA-sadA ke lie samApta ho jAtI hai aura AtmA parama sukha rUpI Arogya ko prApta kara letI hai| artha-prabandhana kI prakriyA meM vyakti vividha bhUmikAoM kA nirvAha karatA huA kramazaH Age bar3hatA jAtA hai| ye bhUmikAe~ anaginata ho sakatI haiM, kintu mukhya rUpa se pA~ca haiM (dekheM sAraNI - 01, pR. 75) - 1) tIvrAkAMkSI 2) mandAkAMkSI 3) mandatarAkAMkSI 4) mandatamAkAMkSI 5) icchAjayI 1) prathama bhUmikA : tIvrAkAMkSI ___ yaha artha-prabandhaka kA prAthamika (jaghanya) sopAna hai, jisameM usakI artha sambandhI AkAMkSAe~ tIvra (asIma) hotI haiN| yadyapi vaha prAyaH azAnta, duHkhI evaM nirAza rahatA hai, phira bhI kabhI-kabhI zAnta, prasanna evaM santoSI bhI pratIta hotA hai| kintu, donoM hI dazAoM meM use tIvrAkAMkSI hI mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki usakI icchAoM kA mUla srota 'asIma' prakAra kA hotA hai| usakI yaha mAnyatA hotI hai ki jitanA adhika artha hogA, utanA hI adhika jIvana sukhI evaM Anandita hogaa| ataeva vaha artha ke prati atyadhika Atura evaM rAgI-dveSI rahatA hai tathA isa vyAkulatA ke kAraNa duHkhI bhI rahatA hai| kadAcit jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 594 66 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #689
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ cAhanA anusAra artha prApta ho jAne se usakI AturatA kucha manda ho jAtI hai, vaha sukha kA anubhava bhI karatA hai tathA bhramita hokara artha meM sukha-buddhi kI dhAraNA ko aura pragAr3ha kara letA hai| vaha yaha svIkAra hI nahIM kara pAtA ki sukha artha-prApti se nahIM, varan icchApUrti ke kAla meM vyAkulatA manda hone para milA hai| vaha artha ko sukha kA sAdhana yA sAdhya mAnakara usase rAga bhI karatA hai aura sAtha hI isa rAga ko acchA bhI mAnatA hai aura isIlie usakI icchAoM kA kabhI anta nahIM ho paataa| jainAcAryoM ne isa ajJAna avasthA ko 'pAgalapana' kI saMjJA dI hai|210 isI kAraNa aise vyakti ko 'tIvrAkAMkSI' kahA jA sakatA hai| isa dazA meM sAmAnyatayA artha evaM bhoga kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai, lekina vyakti cAhe to naitika evaM mokSAnukUla dharma ko bhI jIvana meM ucita sthAna de sakatA hai| yadyapi tIvrAkAMkSI vyakti kI icchAoM kA srota asIma prakAra kA hotA hai, phira bhI icchAe~ kisI bhI kSaNa kama-jyAdA hote hue cAra prakAra kI ho sakatI haiM - 1) asIma prakAra kI tIvratama icchA 3) asIma prakAra kI tIvra icchA 2) asIma prakAra kI manda icchA 4) asIma prakAra kI mandatama icchA inameM se mandatama icchA vAlA vyakti apekSAkRta adhika zAnta rahatA hai| phira bhI icchAoM kI mUla prakRti 'asIma' hone se usakI zAnti sthAyI nahIM rhtii| vastutaH, bAhya icchAe~ bhale hI zAnta ho jAe~, kintu usake aMtaraMga meM icchAoM kA srota to jyoM kA tyoM hI banA rahatA hai| icchAoM ke prabhAvazIla hone se vyakti kI AvazyakatAe~ utpanna hotI hai, taratamatA ke AdhAra para jinake cAra prakAra haiM - ka) adhikatama kha) adhika ga) alpa gha) alpatama jaba icchAe~ tIvratama hotI haiM, taba AvazyakatAe~ adhikatama hotI haiM aura kramAnusAra icchAoM ke tIvra, manda evaM mandatama hone para AvazyakatAe~ bhI adhika , alpa evaM alpatama hotI jAtI haiN| yadyapi isa sopAna kI dRSTi se alpatama AvazyakatA vAlA jIvana hI zreSTha hai, phira bhI anya sopAnoM kI tulanA meM isa sopAna para sthita vyakti kI AvazyakatAe~ adhika hI hotI haiN| yaha bAta aura hai ki kabhI-kabhI paristhitivaza (majabUrIvaza) vyakti kI icchAe~ evaM AvazyakatAe~ svataH kama ho jAtI haiN| AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI apekSA se yaha dazA mithyAdRSTi nAmaka prathama guNasthAna kahalAtI hai| isameM sthita vyakti bhale hI bAhya meM muni jIvana bhI aMgIkAra kyoM na kara le, tathApi usake mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya evaM yoga - ye pA~coM doSa hote hI haiN| sAtha hI usake chabbIsa aMtaraMga parigraha evaM nau bAhya parigraha bhI hote haiN| azubha bhAvoM kA Adhikya hotA hai, zubha bhAva apekSAkRta atyalpa hote haiN| pariNAmataH paraloka meM durgatiyoM kI sambhAvanA atyadhika evaM sadgatiyoM kI sambhAvanA atyalpa hotI hai| isa prakAra kAlAntara meM bhI duHkha cirakAlika evaM atyadhika tathA sukha (bhautika) kSaNika evaM atyalpa milatA hai (dekheM sAraNI - 01, pR. 75) / isa bhUmikA meM sAmAnyatayA gRhasthapane jIvana-yApana hotA hai, kintu kabhI bAhya meM gRhatyAgI 595 adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana 67 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #690
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dravyaliMgI munidazA kI prApti bhI ho sakatI hai| isameM kadAcit zubhabhAvamaya jIne se devatva kI riddhI-siddhi bhI sambhava ho jAe, kintu samyagdarzana na hone se artha-prabandhana ke uttaravartI sopAnoM para Arur3ha honA asambhava hai| ina sopAnoM para ArUr3ha hone ke lie sirpha bAhya-tyAga yA zubhabhAva hI paryApta nahIM hai, varan samyagdarzana kA honA bhI anivArya hai| vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ke AdhAra para navatattvoM kA cintana-manana karake mithyA mAnyatAoM ko miTAnA hI samyak zraddhAna kA vAstavika rUpa hai / isa bhUmikA meM sthita prabandhaka ko nimna karttavyoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie - 1) jainadarzana meM pratipAdita navatattvoM evaM SaDdravyoM ke svarUpa ke samyak cintana, manana evaM nirNaya kA abhyAsa krnaa| 2) bAhya-padArtha nahIM, balki AtmA hI sukha-zAnti evaM Ananda kA saccA srota hai - aisI samyak mAnyatA bnaanaa| 3) jainAcAra meM prarupita dharma-nIti se yukta arthopArjana evaM bhogopabhoga krnaa| jIvana ke hara choTe bar3e vyavahAra meM naitikatA rakhanA, kyoMki zrAvaka kA prathama karttavya nyAya-nItipUrvaka dhanopArjana karanA hai - nyaaysmpnnvibhvH| 4) aMtaraMga meM artha kI Asakti kA visarjana karane kA prayatna karanA evaM bAhya meM durgatiyoM ke kAraNa rUpa 'bahu-Arambha-parigrahaH' (atyadhika hiMsA evaM parigraha se yukta jIvana) kA tyAga krnaa| 5) azubha bhAvoM ko dUra karake zubha bhAvoM arthAt svAdhyAya, sevA, dayA, dAna, pUjA, bhakti, vinaya, viveka evaM Atmacintana Adi kI vRddhi krnaa| 6) santoSa, ahiMsA, dhairya, sahiSNutA kI abhivRddhi kara jIvana ko sahaja sukhI banAne kA yatna krnaa| 7) aMtaraMga parigraha evaM bAhya parigraha ke sImAkaraNa heta prayatna krnaa| 8) yathAsambhava mandatama icchA vAlI jIvanazailI kA vikAsa karanA evaM alpatama AvazyakatAoM meM jIne kA prayatna krnaa| 2) dvitIya bhUmikA : mandAkAMkSI yaha artha-prabandhaka kA dvitIya sopAna hai, jisameM usakI artha sambandhI AkAMkSAe~ manda (sasIma) ho jAtI haiN| yadyapi vaha kabhI azAnta, duHkhI evaM nirAza rahatA hai aura kabhI zAnta, prasanna evaM santoSI bhI, phira bhI donoM hI dazAoM meM use mandAkAMkSI hI mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki usakI icchAoM kA mUla srota asIma se badala kara 'sasIma' ho jAtA hai| usakI yaha mAnyatA bana jAtI hai ki AtmA svayaM se hI sukhI yA duHkhI hotI hai, na ki saMsAra ke kisI bAhya padArtha se| vaha aba yaha nahIM mAnatA hai ki jitanA adhika artha hogA, utanA hI adhika jIvana sukhI evaM Anandita hogaa| vaha to yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmA meM utpanna tRSNA se hI AtmA duHkhI hotI hai evaM tRSNAjaya se sukhI, isIlie vaha aba isa 68 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 596 For Personal & Private Use Only a
Page #691
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tRSNA ko jItane ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai aura tRSNA-mukti hI usakA parama uddezya bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra usakI icchAoM kA srota aba 'sasIma' (sImA sahita) prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| yadyapi mAnyatA-zuddhi hone para bhI usameM cAritrika azuddhiyA~ (kaSAya) vidyamAna rahatI hI haiM, jinakA kAraNa pUrva ke saMskAra evaM vartamAna purUSArtha kI kamajorI hotI hai| ___ cAritra meM azuddhi hone se pratisamaya usakI icchAoM kI utpatti bhI hotI rahatI hai jisakA use kheda bhI rahatA hai| taratamatA ke AdhAra para jinake cAra vibhAga ho sakate haiM - 1) sasIma prakAra kI tIvratama icchA 3) sasIma prakAra kI manda icchA 2) sasIma prakAra kI tIvra icchA 4) sasIma prakAra kI mandatama icchA ina icchAoM kI tIvratA-mandatA ke kAraNa hI koI zAnta , prasanna evaM sukhI pratIta hotA hai, to koI ati azAnta, vyAkula evaM duHkhii| phira bhI, prathama sopAna kI apekSA isa bhUmikA meM duHkha alpa hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM, isI sopAna se Atma-sukha kA AMzika rasAsvAdana bhI prArambha ho jAtA hai| ina icchAoM para AdhArita AvazyakatAe~ pUrvavat cAra prakAra kI hotI haiM - 1) adhikatama 2) adhika 3) alpa 4) alpatama yadyapi prathama sopAna kI tulanA meM isameM sthita vyakti kI AvazyakatAe~ sAmAnyatayA alpa hI hotI haiM, tathApi isameM bhI alpatama AvazyakatA vAlA jIvana hI zreSTha hai| AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI apekSA se yaha dazA avirata-samyagdRSTi nAmaka caturtha guNasthAna kahalAtI hai| isameM niyamataH avirati, pramAda, kaSAya evaM yoga - ye cAroM doSa hote hI haiN| aMtaraMga parigraha ikkIsa evaM bAhya parigraha nau hote haiN| pUrva sopAna kI apekSA se prAyaH isameM azubha bhAvoM kI mandatA, zubha bhAvoM kI abhivRddhi tathA zuddha (zubhAzubha rahita) bhAvoM kA prArambha bhI ho jAtA hai| pariNAmataH paraloka meM devagati (pUrva meM Ayu-bandha na huA ho to) kI hI prApti hotI hai| dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa - ina cAroM purUSArthoM kA saha-astitva hotA hai| yadyapi bAhya-vyavahAra meM artha evaM kAma hI dRSTigocara hote haiM, tathApi aMtaraMga pariNati meM kaSAya-mukti hI prabandhaka kA parama uddezya hotA hai| usake jIvana meM dharma na kevala artha evaM bhoga ko niyaMtrita karatA hai, balki mokSAnukUla bhI rahatA hai (dekheM sAraNI - 01, pR. 75) / isa bhUmikA meM sthita prabandhaka ko nimna kArya karane cAhie - 1) navatattvoM evaM SaDdravyoM ke cintana, manana evaM nirNaya kA punarAvartana krnaa| 2) samyagdarzana kI sthiratA kA evaM cAritra-zuddhi (kaSAya-nivRtti) kA abhyAsa krnaa| 3) adharma-Azrita jIvana-vyavahAra se nivRtti kI bhAvanA krnaa| 4) artha evaM bhoga vRttiyoM ko nirmala banAne ke lie unheM dharma-samanvita krnaa| 5) yadi gRhasthapane meM hai, to niSkAma bhAva se parivAra-kuTumba tathA samAjAdi ke kartavyoM kA 597 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 69 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #692
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nirvahana krnaa| kahA bhI gayA hai 211 6) azubha pravRttiyoM ko dUra karake pUjA, bhakti, svAdhyAya, dhyAna evaM kAyotsarga Adi zubha pravRttiyoM meM saMlagna rahanA / 7) azubha bhAvoM ko dUra karake prazama (kSamA), saMvega (pApabhIrutA), nirveda (vairAgya), anukampA (dayA) evaM Astikya (tattva-zraddhA) Adi zubha bhAvoM kI abhivRddhi karanA / 8) Atmika - sthiratA rUpa zuddha bhAvoM kI abhivRddhi karanA arthAt akaSAya-vRtti saha jJAtA - dRSTA bhAva se jIne kA abhyAsa karanA / 9) tIvratama icchA se mandatama icchA vAlI jIvanazailI kA vikAsa karanA / 10) adhikatama AvazyakatA se alpatama AvazyakatA kI ora bar3hanA / 11) aMtaraMga meM apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya ke nivAraNa hetu prayatna karanA / 12) bahiraMga meM dhana-dhAnyAdi parigrahoM ke sImAkaraNa kA upAya karanA / 3) tRtIya bhUmikA : mandatarAkAMkSI yaha artha-prabandhaka kA tRtIya sopAna hai, jisameM usakI Atma-zaktiyA~ pUrvApekSA adhika vikasita ho jAtI haiM tathA icchAoM kA mUla srota 'alpa' prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| vaha artha evaM kAma purUSArtha se pUrNarUpa se virakta na hokara bhI AMzika rUpa se to virakta ho hI jAtA hai| ataeva use mandatarAkAMkSI kahanA ucita hogA / 70 vaha artha-prabandhaka gRhasthapane meM rahatA huA bAraha vratoM ko aMgIkAra karake artha evaM bhoga ke purUSArtha ko maryAdita kara letA hai / zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata 212 1) aNuvrata i) paMca doSoM kA AMzika tyAga karane rUpa vrt| isake pA~ca prakAra haiM ahiMsA aNuvrata sthUla hiMsA kA tyAga karanA / ii) satya aNuvrata iii) acaurya aNuvrata iv) svadArA - santoSavrata parigraha - parisImana vrata parigraha kA parimANa karanA / samyagdRSTi jIvar3A, kare kuTumba pratipAla / antara suM nyAro rahe, jima dhAya khilAve bAla / / 2) guNavrata i) ii) - -- aNuvratoM kA saMrakSaNa evaM saMvardhana karane rUpa vrt| isake tIna prakAra dizA - parimANa vrata - dizAoM meM gamanAgamana kI maryAdA karanA / upabhoga- paribhoga - parimANa vrata upabhoga tathA paribhoga kI maryAdA karanA / - sthUla asatya kA tyAga karanA / - * sthUla corI kA tyAga karanA / svadArA meM santoSa karanA evaM maithuna kI maryAdA karanA / - jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 598
Page #693
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ iii) anarthadaNDa-viramaNa vrata - niSprayojana kie jAne vAle kAryoM kA tyAga krnaa| 3) zikSAvrata - viziSTa Atma-sAdhanA kI ora agrasara hone rUpa vrt| isake cAra prakAra haiM - i) sAmAyika vrata - samabhAva kI sAdhanA krnaa| ii) dezAvagAsika vrata - dizA-parimANa vrata meM gRhIta kSetra-parimANa ko dina yA rAtri meM kisI niyata samaya ke lie aura adhika maryAdita karake usake bAhara kI sAMsArika pravRttiyoM se sarvathA nivRtta honaa| iii) pauSadhopavAsa vrata - saMsAralakSI sarva pravRttiyoM ko chor3akara AtmA kA poSaNa evaM vikAsa karane hetu sampUrNa dina athavA rAta munivat jIne kA abhyAsa krnaa| iv) atithi-saMvibhAga vrata - apane adhikAra kI vastuoM meM se atithi ke lie samucita vibhAga krnaa| artha-prabandhaka kI dRSTi se ye bAraha vrata atimahattvapUrNa haiM, kyoMki inake dvArA usake dhana-dhAnyAdi bAhya parigrahoM evaM icchA rUpI aMtaraMga parigrahoM kA parisImana ho jAtA hai| ___ isa dazA meM sAmAnyatayA cAroM purUSArthoM dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa kA saha-astitva hotA hai, phira bhI jIvana-vyavahAra meM dharma evaM mokSa kI mukhyatA tathA artha evaM kAma kI gauNatA spaSTa dikhatI hai| taratamatA kI apekSA se vyakti kI icchAe~ cAra prakAra kI hotI haiM - 1) alpa varga kI tIvratama icchA 3) alpa varga kI manda icchA 2) alpa varga kI tIvra icchA 4) alpa varga kI mandatama icchA yadyapi pUrva sopAnoM kI tulanA meM isameM sthita vyakti kI AkulatA bahuta kama hotI hai, vaha prAyaH zAnta evaM sahaja hotA hai, tathApi uparyukta mandatama icchA vAlA prabandhaka apekSAkRta aura adhika zAnta evaM sahaja hotA hai| isa bhUmikA meM sthita prabandhaka kI icchAoM se utpanna AvazyakatAe~ pUrvavat cAra prakAra kI hotI haiM 1) adhikatama 2) adhika . 3) alpa 4) alpatama jIvana-vyavahAra meM anAvazyaka tattvoM kA AMzika parityAga hone tathA Avazyaka tattvoM kA vivekapUrvaka sImAkaraNa hone se isameM apekSAkRta bahuta kama AvazyakatAe~ zeSa rahatI haiM, phira bhI, alpatama AvazyakatA vAlA jIvana aura adhika zreSTha hai| ___AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI apekSA se yaha dazA dezavirati nAmaka paMcama guNasthAna kahalAtI hai| ise hI 'saMyamAsaMyama' athavA 'viratAvirata' bhI kahA gayA hai| isameM aMtaraMga evaM bAhya parigrahoM kI maryAdA ho jAtI hai| aMtaraMga parigraha sataraha evaM bAhya parigraha nau hI zeSa rahate haiN| __ isa bhUmikA meM ArUr3ha prabandhaka ke azubha bhAvoM kI mandatA evaM zubhabhAvoM kI tIvratA hotI hai, adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 599 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #694
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pariNAmataH vaha paraloka meM uttama devagati ke yogya karmoM kA saMcaya karatA hai| sAtha hI, zuddha bhAvoM meM bhI yathAyogya vRddhi hone se usakA saMsAra-paribhramaNa bhI parimita hotA jAtA hai aura isa tarapha icchAoM kI mandatA tathA Atmika-sthiratA kI vRddhi hone se usakA duHkha alpa tathA sukha adhika hotA jAtA hai| jaise-jaise AtmA sAdhanA ke dvArA usake jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva evaM akaSAya-vRtti kI abhivRddhi hotI hai, vaise-vaise vaha prabandhaka apane vratoM meM uttarottara vikAsa karatA huA aNuvratoM se mahAvratoM kI ora bar3hatA jAtA hai (dekheM sAraNI - 01, pR. 75) / isa bhUmikA ke saphala nirvahana hetu artha-prabandhaka ko nimnalikhita karttavyoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie - 1) samyagdarzana meM sthira rhnaa| 2) bAraha vratoM kA niraticAra (nirdoSa) pAlana krnaa| 3) yathAyogya tattvacintana pUrvaka vairAgyavardhaka bhAvanAe~ krnaa| 4) jainAcAryoM dvArA nirdiSTa gyAraha pratimAoM ko aMgIkAra krnaa| 5) azubha pravRttiyoM ko dUra karake pUjA, bhakti, svAdhyAya, dhyAna evaM kAyotsarga Adi zubha pravRttiyoM meM saMlagna rhnaa| 6) azubha bhAvoM ko dUra karake prazama (kSamA), saMvega (pApabhIrutA), nirveda (vairAgya), anukampA (dayA) evaM Astikya (tattva-zraddhA) Adi zubha bhAvoM kI abhivRddhi krnaa| 7) Atmika sthiratA rUpa zuddha bhAvoM kI abhivRddhi krnaa| 8) tIvratama icchAoM se mandatama icchAoM vAlI jIvanazailI kA vikAsa krnaa| 9) adhikatama AvazyakatA se alpatama AvazyakatA kI ora bddh'naa| 10) aMtaraMga meM pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya ke nivAraNa hetu prayatna krnaa| 11) bahiraMga meM muni jIvana aMgIkAra karane kA abhyAsa krnaa| 4) caturtha bhUmikA : mandatamAkAMkSI isameM vyakti kI Atmika zaktiyA~ aura adhika vikasita ho jAtI haiN| tathA icchAoM kA srota 'alpatama' prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| vaha saMsAra, bhoga evaM zarIra sambandhI mamatva bhAvoM se virakta hokara munidazA ko prApta karatA hai| vaha tRSNA ko tRNavat mAnatA hai| usakI saMsAra sambandhI pravRtiyoM meM udAsInatA tathA Atmahita kI pravRtiyoM meM jAgRti A jAtI hai| vaha paMca mahAvratoM ko grahaNa karate hue paMca aindrika viSayoM para vijaya prApta karatA hai| use mandatamAkAMkSI kahanA ucita pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki vaha icchAjayI dazA ke bilkula nikaTa rahatA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa-krama kI dRSTi se, yaha dazA SaSThama evaM saptama guNasthAnavartI arthAt kramazaH pramatta evaM apramatta muniyoM kI hai| isa dazA ke munirAja antarmuhUrta kI avadhi meM chaThe se sAtaveM tathA sAtaveM se chaThe guNasthAna meM jhUlate rahate haiN| chaThe guNasthAna meM pramAda, kaSAya evaM yoga - ye tIna doSa jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 600 72 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #695
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ niyamataH hote haiM, jabaki sAtaveM guNasthAna meM pramAda bhI samApta hokara kevala kaSAya tathA yoga zeSa rahate haiM, sAtaveM guNasthAna meM kaSAya bhI buddhipUrvaka (vyakta) nahIM, kevala abuddhipUrvaka (avyakta) hI rahatI hai / jahA~ chaThe guNasthAna meM dharma evaM mokSa donoM purUSArtha hote haiM, vahIM sAtaveM guNasthAna meM ekamAtra mokSa purUSArtha hI hotA hai / kintu donoM hI guNasthAnoM meM se kisI meM bhI artha tathA kAma purUSArtha ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hotA / icchAe~ bhI vyakta rUpa se chaThe guNasthAna taka hI rahatI haiM, sAtaveM meM nahIM / taratamatA ke AdhAra para ina icchAoM ke cAra bheda kie jA sakate haiM - 1) alpatama prakAra kI tIvratama icchA 3) alpatama prakAra kI manda icchA 2) alpatama prakAra kI tIvra icchA 4 ) alpatama prakAra kI mandatama icchA ina icchAoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki inameM lezamAtra bhI sAMsArika hita yA vRddhi kA prayojana nahIM hotA, balki saMyama meM sthiratA tathA abhivRddhi kA pAvana uddezya hI hotA hai| cAhe pravRtti zarIra-hita, saMgha-hita yA Atma-hita kI kyoM na pratIta hotI ho, parantu isakA antima sAdhya mokSAnukUla dharma-sAdhanA hI hotA hai| isI kAraNa AhAra, pAnI, nidrA, upacAra, vaiyAvRtya (sevA-zuzrUSA), sahayoga, dharma-kathA, sadupadeza, saMlekhanA (samAdhimaraNa) Adi vividha kriyAkalApoM meM kAma, lobha, mada, mAyA Adi sAMsArika prayojanoM kA abhAva hotA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina icchAoM meM vaisI vyAkulatA nahIM hotI, jaisI sAmAnya saMsArI prANiyoM kI icchAoM meM hotI hai| phira bhI munirAja ina icchAoM ko bhI Atma- dUSaNa mAnate haiM tathA inase nivRtta hokara zuddhAtmasvarUpa kA Azraya lekara Atma-ramaNatA ke anirvacanIya sukhoM kA bArambAra sevana karate haiN| isa AtmaramaNatA kI dazA ko hI sAtavA~ guNasthAna kahate haiM / yadyapi chaThe se sAtavA~ zreyaskara hai, tathApi chaThe guNasthAna meM rahate hue mandatama icchAoM meM jInA hI zreSTha hai / chaThe guNasthAna meM vyakta icchAoM ke prabhAvazIla hone se utpanna AvazyakatAoM ke punaH adhikatama, adhika, alpa evaM alpatama ye cAra prakAra hote haiN| inameM bhI alpatama AvazyakatA vAlA jIvana adhikatama kI apekSA se uttama hai| dhyAtavya hai ki ina munirAjoM kI AvazyakatAoM meM Agraha- buddhi, pApa-buddhi evaM asahajatA kA abhAva hotA hai| yaha sthiti bhI chaThe guNasthAna kI hai, sAtaveM meM to buddhipUrvaka koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM bacatI / isa sopAna para aMtaraMga parigraha teraha evaM bahiraMga parigraha zUnya raha jAte haiN| aMtaraMga - parigraha bhale hI saMkhyA kI apekSA se teraha prakAra ke haiM, kintu bhAvoM kI apekSA se nagaNya / yahA~ taka ki sAtaveM guNasthAna meM buddhipUrvaka ( vyaktatApUrvaka) kisI prakAra kA bhI aMtaraMga - parigraha nahIM hotaa| isameM bhAvadazA bhI pUrva ke sopAnoM kI apekSA zreSTha hotI hai| chaThe guNasthAna meM azubhabhAvoM kA pUrNa abhAva evaM utkRSTa zubhabhAvoM kA sadbhAva rahatA hai, jabaki sAtaveM meM to ekamAtra zuddhabhAva hI rahate haiN| isase utkRSTa puNya karmoM kA bandhana athavA saMsAra - paribhramaNa kA tIvragati se hrAsa hotA hai| 601 adhyAya 10: artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 73
Page #696
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ye munirAja bhale hI nirdhana, nirvastra aura ekAkI hI kyoM na ho, parantu icchA rUpI zatruoM kA parAbhava karane se ve nirbhaya, nirAkula evaM nirdvandva Atmika sukha-pAna karate rahate 01)1213 (dekhie sAraNI isa bhUmikA ke uttarottara vikAsa hetu artha - prabandhaka ko nimna karttavya nibhAne cAhi 1) samyagdarzana evaM sarvavirati dazA meM sthiratA kA dRr3hatApUrvaka prayatna karanA / 2) parabhAvoM se chUTane evaM svabhAva meM ramaNa karane kA bArambAra abhyAsa karanA / 3) azubhabhAvoM se bacane ke lie zubhabhAvoM ko apanAnA, kintu zubhabhAvoM ko bhI samApta kara zuddhabhAvoM meM sthira hone kA nirantara prayatna krnaa| 4) 'maiM zuddhAtmasvarUpI, sahaja, akhaNDa, anAdinidhana, eka apratibaddha hU~' aisI Atma- jAgRti sadaiva rakhane kA abhyAsa karanA / 5) Atma-vaibhava ke prati bahumAna rakhanA tathA bAhya - vaibhava ko tuccha jAnanA / kI saMpadA, rAjaloka ke bhoga | devaloka kAga- viSTa sama ginata hai, samyagdRSTi loga / | 6) samasta bAhya AvazyakatAoM kI parAdhInatA se mukta hone kA abhyAsa karanA / 7) niraticAra samyakcAritra kA pAlana karane kA abhyAsa karanA / 5) paMcama bhUmikA icchAjI yaha artha - prabandhaka kA carama - sAdhya hai| isameM jIva pUrNa svAdhIna ho jAte haiM aura unakI koI icchA zeSa nahIM rahatI / jainadarzana meM inheM vItarAgI, kevalajJAnI, kevaladarzI, jItamohI, jIvanamukta, arihanta, kevalI Adi padoM se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai / artha- prabandhana kI apekSA se inheM zUnyAkAMkSI athavA icchAjI bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| 74 -- - dharma, artha evaM kAma puruSArthoM ko vinaSTa kara ye vItarAga dazA yA jIvanamukta dazA meM ArUr3ha ho jAte haiN| pUrNa nirmamatvI tathA niSkaSAyI ho jAne se inakA bAhya parigraha ke sAtha-sAtha aMtaraMga parigraha bhI zeSa nahIM rahatA / vyakta-avyakta icchAoM evaM AvazyakatAoM se rahita hokara ye niSparigrahI Atma-bhAvoM meM saMvRta (gupta) hokara jagat meM vicaraNa karate haiN| cU~ki inameM icchAoM kA hI abhAva ho jAtA hai, isIlie ye sAdi - ananta kAla ke lie atulanIya, amita, anuttara, avyAbAdha evaM nirdoSa sukha, zAnti tathA Ananda meM nimagna ho jAte haiN| inameM zubha-azubha bhAvoM kA pUrNa abhAva tathA zuddha bhAvoM kA pUrNa sadbhAva rahatA hai| isI kAraNa inakA janma - jarA - maraNa rUpa saMsAra kA paribhramaNa samApta ho jAtA hai| kula milAkara, yaha sAMsArika avasthA kA antima daura hai, jisake pazcAt eka, aDola, akampa, prazAnta, paripUrNa evaM sthira siddhAvasthA kI prApti sahaja hI ho jAtI hai (dekhie sAraNI - 01 ) / jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva - For Personal & Private Use Only 602
Page #697
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAraNI 1 artha prabandhaka kI paMca bhUmikAe~ jIvana-sopAna aMtaraMga vartamAna vartamAna purUSArtha guNasthAna aMtaraMga-parigraha bahiraMga parigraha bhAva vartamAna meM icchAoM icchA AvazyakatA duHkha-sukha kA prakAra asIma 4 1 26 22 tIvratama adhikatama dharma mithyAdRSTi 1 mithyAtva dhana, dhAnya, kSetra, vAstu, tIvratama atyadhika duHkha va tIvra adhika artha guNasthAna 4 anantAnubandhI krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha suvarNa, rajata, kupya, azubha, atialpa bhautika sukha manda alpa kAma 4 apratyAkhyAnI krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha dvipada, catuSpada mandatama mandatama alpatama 4 pratyAkhyAnI krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha 4 saMjvalana krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha 6 hAsya-rati-arati-bhaya-zoka-jugupsA 3 purUSaveda, strIveda, napuMsakaveda sasIma 4 4 21 33 tIvratama adhikatama dharma avirata 4 apratyAkhyAnI krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha dhana, dhAnya, kSetra, vAstu, tIvra adhika duHkha va tIvra adhika samyagdRSTi 4 pratyAkhyAnI krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha suvarNa, rajata, kupya, azubha, alpa sukha manda alpa guNasthAna 4 saMjvalana krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha dvipada, catuSpada (bhautika va Atmika) mandatama alpatama mokSa 6 hAsya-rati-arati-bhaya-zoka-jugupsA 13 purUSaveda, strIveda, napuMsakaveda, mandatama zubha For Personal & Private Use Only to kAma manda zubha, adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 75
Page #698
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3) yA 7 alpa 4 4 45 17 32 tIvratama adhikatama dharma dezavirata 4 pratyAkhyAnI krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha sImita dhana, dhAnya, manda azubha, alpa duHkha va tIvra adhika artha samyakadRSTi 4 saMjvalana krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha kSetra, vAstu, suvarNa, tIvra zubha, adhika sukha manda alpa kAma guNasthAna 6 hAsya-rati-arati-bhaya-zoka-jugupsA rajata, kupya, manda zuddha (bhautika va Atmika) mandatama alpatama mokSa 3 purUSaveda, strIveda, napuMsakaveda, dvipada, catuSpada alpatama 4 4 2 6 13 13 2 tIvratama adhikatama dharma va mokSa pramatta saMyata 4 saMjvalana krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha tIvratama zubha atialpa duHkha va tIvra adhika 6 hAsya-rati-arati-bhaya-zoka-jugupsA va tIvra zuddha atyadhika sukha (Atmika) manda alpa 3 purUSaveda, strIveda, napuMsakaveda, yA yA mandatama alpatama mokSa apramatta saMyata / guNasthAna tIvra zuddha atyadhika sukha (Atmika) zUnya 13/14 1 mokSa sayogI pUrNatama zuddha parama Atmika sukha kevalI / ayogI kevalI guNasthAna 5) For Personal & Private Use Only ====== ===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattca 604
Page #699
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.7 niSkarSa __ manuSya ko jIvana nirvAha ke lie jina bhautika evaM abhautika vastuoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ve 'artha' kahalAtI haiN| 'artha' kI AvazyakatA prAcIna yuga meM thI, madhya yuga meM rahI aura Adhunika yuga meM bhI hai| yadyapi sAmAnya vyakti dhana-sampatti Adi arthoM ko sukha-zAnti kA sAdhana mAnatA hai, kintu jainadarzana kI AdhyAtmika-dRSTi meM ye sukha-zAnti ke sAdhana nahIM, apitu saMjJAoM kI sampUrti ke lie vivazatA mAtra haiN| ___ artha ke mahattva ko lekara tIna vicAradhArAe~ haiM - bhautika, naitika evaM aadhyaatmik| bhautika vicAradhArA artha ko bhautika-vikAsa kA sazakta sAdhana mAnakara jIvana meM use sarvopari sthAna detI hai| naitika vicAradhArA sAmAjika jIvana ko suvyavasthita banAne ke lie 'artha' ko jIvana kA anivArya sAdhana mAnatI hai, parantu vaha dharma niyaMtrita 'artha' ko hI mahattva detI hai| AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA 'artha' ko AjIvana AvazyakatA ke rUpa meM nahIM, apitu mokSAnukUla sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai aura antataH 'artha' evaM 'bhoga' ke mohapAza se pUrNatayA mukta hone kA nirdeza detI hai| vartamAna meM Arthika kSetra meM vizeSa pragati huI hai, phira bhI sarvAMga se dekheM, to yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki vartamAna arthanIti asantulita, amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita hai| duSpariNAma yaha hai ki vyakti 'artha' kI mRgatRSNA meM pha~sakara 'artha' ke pIche bhAga rahA hai| usake jIvana meM 'artha' sAdhana na rahakara sAdhya bana gayA hai| artha kI tulanA meM jIvana ke zarIra, parivAra, paryAvaraNa, dharma, adhyAtma Adi anya pakSoM kI ghora upekSA ho rahI hai| paryAvaraNa kA atidohana hone se bhAvI pIr3hI ke astitva ke lie khatarA bhI bar3hatA jA rahA hai, astu| uparyukta duSpariNAmoM se bacane ke lie jainaAcArazAstroM para AdhArita artha-prabandhana kI Aja mahatI AvazyakatA hai| artha-prabandhana ke do pakSa haiM - saiddhAntika evaM praayogik| saiddhAntika-pakSa ke anusAra, vyakti kI arthanIti meM bhautikatA ke sAtha naitikatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA kA samanvaya honA Avazyaka hai| 'artha' kevala jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA sAdhana na banakara naitika evaM cAritrika unnati kA sAdhana bhI bananA caahie| yaha svIkAra honA cAhie ki 'artha' samyak sukha kA sAdhana to hai hI nahIM, ulTA 'artha' kI lAlasA duHkha aura cintA kI jar3a hai| ataH artha kA upayoga auSadhi ke samAna AvazyakatAnusAra hI karanA cAhie aura Atma-sAdhanA karate hue artha kI parAdhInatA ko kramazaH samApta kara denA caahie| __ saiddhAntika-pakSa ko AdhAra banAkara artha-prabandhaka ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM kramazaH artha kA sImAMkana karate jAnA caahie| isa hetu jainadharmadarzana meM parigraha evaM usake sImAkaraNa kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTatayA samajhAyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne parigraha ke do bheda kiye haiM - aMtaraMga evaM bhirNg| aMtaraMga parigraha AzA, icchA, tRSNA, lAlasA aura mUrchA rUpa hai tathA bahiraMga parigraha dhana-sampatti Adi bAhya sAmagrI/vastu rUpa hai| jainAcAryoM ne aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga parigraha meM bhI aMtaraMga parigraha kI pradhAnatA ko svIkArA hai aura isIlie aMtaraMga meM anAsaktipUrvaka jIne kA bArambAra upadeza bhI diyA hai| unhoMne 605 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #700
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aMtaraMga parigraha ke pA~ca kAraNoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya evaM yog| ina aMtaraMga parigraha ke kAraNoM se utpanna hone vAlI icchAoM ko kramazaH pA~ca jAtiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - asIma, sasIma, alpa , alpatama evaM zUnya / artha-prabandhaka kA yaha karttavya hai ki vaha ina pA~ca zreNiyoM meM kramazaH Age bar3hatA huA antataH paMcama zreNI arthAt icchA-zUnyatA kI dazA ko prApta kre| jaise-jaise jIvana-prabandhaka kA stara bar3hatA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise use bAhya parigrahoM kA sImAkaraNa bhI karanA hotA hai| bAhya parigraha nau prakAra ke haiM - kSetra, vAstu, rajata, svarNa, dhana, dhAnya, dvipada, catuSpada evaM kupya / artha-prabandhana kI prakriyA meM jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha pahale AvazyakatAoM kA samyak nirdhAraNa karate hue anucita AvazyakatAoM kA parityAga kare aura phira ucita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA samyaka prayatna kre| itanA hI nahIM, vaha apanI AvazyakatAoM ko bhI kramazaH kama karatA jaae| isa hetu use apane artha ke grahaNa, surakSA, upabhoga evaM saMgraha sambandhI prakriyAoM kA samyaka prabandhana karanA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| artha-prabandhana kI prakriyA meM vyakti kramazaH tIvrAkAMkSI, mandAkAMkSI, mandatarAkAMkSI, mandatamAkAMkSI evaM icchAjayI - ina pA~ca bhUmikAoM ko apanAtA huA Age bar3hatA jAtA hai| isa taraha vaha artha-prabandhana kI vikAsa-prakriyA meM uttarottara ucca bhUmikA kI prApti karatA huA antataH sarvocca dazA meM pahu~catA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jIvana-prabandhaka 'artha' ko sAdhana banAkara prayoga meM letA huA antataH sAdhana kA bhI tyAga kara sAdhya arthAt mokSa kI prApti kara letA hai| =====4.>===== 78 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 606 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #701
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| kra. prazna uttara sandarbha vikalpa- alpa-0 ThIka-(c) acchA-(r) bahuta acchA-@ pUrNa-7 1) kyA Apa 'artha' kI jAnakArI rakhate haiM? 2) kyA Apa artha ke mahattva sambandhI vividha vicAradhArAoM ko jAnate haiM? 3) kyA Apa arthanIti ke duSpariNAma ko jAnate haiM? vikalpa- nahIM-0 hA~-7 kyA ApakI vyaktigata arthanIti santulita hai? 5) kyA ApakI vyaktigata arthanIti sumaryAdita hai? 6) kyA ApakI vyaktigata arthanIti suvyavasthita hai? 7) kyA dharma, artha, kAma ke bajAya mokSa lakSya se artha kI AvazyakatA svIkArate haiM? 8) kyA ApakA parama lakSya icchA-zUnyatA hai? vikalpa- hA~-0 nahIM-7 9) kyA Apa artha ko sAdhana ke bajAya sAdhya mAnate haiM? 10) kyA Apa yaha mAnate haiM ki artha se sukha milatA hai? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcita- kabhI-kabhI-9 aksara hamezA11) kyA Apa AvazyakatAoM kA vizleSaNa karate haiM? / 12) kyA Apa AvazyakatA-pUrti ke sAdhanoM kA prayoga karane meM sAvadhAniyA~ rakhate haiM? 13) kyA Apa Arthika cakra ko santulita rakhate haiM? 14) kyA Apa vastu kI upayogitA, mAtrA, guNavattA, kImata, prayoga kI bArambAratA, zuddhatA, nirdoSatA kA samyaka vizleSaNa karate haiM? 15) kyA Apa saMcita artha kI samyaka surakSA karate haiM? 16) kyA Apa niyaMtrita upabhoga udAsInatApUrvaka karate haiM? 17) kyA Apa vastu kI saMgrahaNa-yogyatA kA samyak vizleSaNa karate haiM? 18) kyA Apa bahiraMga kI apekSA aMtaraMga parigraha ko pradhAna mAnate haiM? 19) kyA Apa bAhya parigraha kA sImAkaraNa karate haiM? 20) kyA Apa vastuoM kA atyAvazyaka, Avazyaka evaM anAvazyaka ke rUpa meM vibhAjana karate haiM? kula kula 0-20 21-40 41-6061-80 8 1-100 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara alpatama 607 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 79 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #702
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 26 vahI, a.1, pR. 6 27 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 16 1 saMskRtahindIkoza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pR. 96 28 sarvArthasiddhi, 2/10/275 2 manuSyANAM vRttirarthaH manuSyavatI bhUmirityarthaH 29 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAIdozI, pR. 2 - kauTilIya arthazAstra, pR. 765 30 (ka) tattvArthasUtra, 2/24 3 arthazAstra ke siddhAMta, DaoN.rAmaratana zarmA, pR. 6 (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 6/1 4 vahI, pR. 10 31 AhArAdiviSayAbhilASaH saMjJeti 5 vahI, pR. 13 - sarvArthasiddhi, 2/24/308 6 vahI, pR. 17 32 arthazAstra ke siddhAMta, DaoN.rAmaratanazarmA, pR. 26 7 vahI, pR. 27 33 AvazyakakathA 8 adRSTe'pi valayAdau zrutvA tadabhiprAya mAtre... (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 6/106 se uddhRta) - dazavaikAlikasUtra saTIka a. 1 (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 34 puSpaparAga, munizrIjayAnaMdavijaya, 1083 1/506 se uddhRta) 35 muni guNa svAdhyAya, zrImaddevacandra, 2/584 9 sUtrAbhidhaye - uttarAdhyayanasUtra saTIka a. 1 36 tattvArthasUtra, 7/1 (vahI, 1/506 se udhRta) 37 yuvAdRSTi (patrikA), apraila, 2010, artha samasyA bhI hai, 10 R-gatau aryate, gamyate, jJAyate ityarthaH samAdhAna bhI, pR. 5 - vizeSAvazyakabhASya bRhadvRtti 38 nItivAkyAmRta, 2/1 (vahI, 1/506 se uddhRta) 39 yasyAti vittaM sa naraH kulInaH, saH paNDitaH saH zrutavAn guNajJaH / 11 dravye - AvazyakabRhavRtti sa eva vaktA sa ca darzanIyaH, sarve guNAH kAMcana-mAzrayanti / / (vahI, 1/506 se uddhRta) - nItizataka, A.bhartRhari (vIra prabhu ke vacana, ramaNalAla cI. 12 iryati paryAyAMstairvA'ryata ityartho dravyaM zAha, pR. 90 se uddhRta) - sarvArthasiddhi, 1/17. pR. 82 40 kahIM ruko kabhI ruko, A.ratnasuMdarasUri, pR. 1 13 maNikaNakAdau - kalpasubodhinI TIkA (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa 41 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 17 ____ 1/506 se uddhRta) 42 bhAratIya darzana, DaoN.umeza mizra, 91 14 rAjalakSmyAdau - sthAnAMgasUtra saTIka 43 (ka) bhArata kI sAMskRtika virAsata, (vahI, 1/506 se uddhRta) pukharAja jaina, pR. 30 15 graMtharAjazrIpaMcAdhyAyI, 143 (kha) mahAbhArata, 12/8/21 16 svarga-apavarga-prApti kAraNabhUte (ga) vahI, 12/8/23 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra saTIka (gha) vahI, 12/8/14 (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 1/506 se uddhRta) 44 pUjyate yadapUjyo'pi, yadagamyo'pi gmyte| 17 yataH sarvaprayojana siddhiH so'rthaH vandyate yadavandyo'pi sa prabhAvo dhanasya c|| - nItivAkyAmRta, 2/10 -pacataMtra (vIra prabhu ke vacana, ramaNalAla cI. zAha, pR. 91 se 18 tattvArthasUtra, 1/34, 35 uddhRta) 19 pravacanasAra, gAthA 124 45 dAridryaM khalu puruSasya jIvitaM mrnnN| dainyAnmaraNamuttamam / 20 tattvArthasUtra, 5/38, 41 - cANakyasUtra, 257, 506 21 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 187 46 amaravadarthajAtamarjayet 22 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 24 arthavAn sarvalokasya bahumataH 23 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/91 mahendramapyarthahInaM na bahu manyate lokaH / 24 sukhasya mUlaM dharmaH | dharmasyamUlamarthaH / arthasya mUlaM rAjyaM / - vahI, 254-256 rAjyamUlamindriya jy| 47 virUpo'rthavAn suruupH| - cANakyasUtra, 1-4 kuliinaadvishissttH| 25 arthazAstra ke siddhAMta, DaoN.rAmaratana zarmA, pR. 1 - vahI, 258, 260 80 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 608 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #703
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 48 samakAle svayamapi prabhutvasya prayojanaM bhvti| 79 iis-atthstth-rhcriysikkhaakusle| - vahI. 273 - Ayariu saMghadAsagaNi vasudevahiNDI, 1/36, (prAcIna jaina 49 adravya prayatno bAlukA kvathanAdananyaH / sAhitya meM Arthika jIvana, DaoN.kamala jaina, pR. 9 se uddhRta) - vahI, 320 80 atthasatya kusale - jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, 3/66, pR. 117 50 nAstidhanavatAM zubhakarmasu kssmH| - vahI, 354 81 prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM Arthika jIvana, 51 arthamUlau dhrmkaamau| - vahI, 91 DaoN.kamala jaina, pR.9 52 bhAratIya jIvanamUlya, DaoN.surendra varmA, pR. 55, 56 82 bharatAyArthazAstraM ca, bharataM ca sasaMgraham / 53 vahI, pR. 57 ___ adhyAyairativistIrNaiH, sphuTIkRtya jagau guruH / / 54 vahI, pR. 82 - AdipurANa, 16/119 55 zrImadbhagavadgItA, 18/34 83 ANaMde kAmadeve ya, gAhAvai culnniipiyaa| 56 vahI, 16/10, 12, 15 surAdeve cullasayAe, gAhAvai kuNddkolie| 57 suttanipAta, 26/29 (DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 188 saddAlaputte mahAsayae, naMdiNIpiyA sAlihI piyaa| se uddhRta) - upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/2 58 majjhimanikAya, 1/22/4 (vahI, pR. 189 se uddhRta) 84 uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika parizIlana, 59 dIghanikAya, 3/8/4 (vahI, pR. 188 se uddhRta) ___ sA.DaoN. vinItaprajJAzrI, pR. 550 60 vahI, 3/8/2 (vahI, pR. 188 se uddhRta) 85 (ka) samarAiccakahA, haribhadrasUri, 246 61 vahI, pR. 82, 83 (kha) dhammattho kAmovinhohii atthAso sesapi 62 bhAratIya jIvanamUlya, DaoN, surendra varmA, pR. 128 - kuvalayamAlA kahA, pR. 57 63 vahI, pR. 127 (ga) jassattho tassa suhaM...jassa ahiMsA samudiTThA 64 trivarga tatra sApAya, janmajAtaMka duussitm| - paumacariyaM, 35/66,67 jJAtvA tattvavidaH sAkSAdyatante mokSa saadhne|| (gha) abhiseyadAma - kalpasUtra, sUtra 5 - jJAnArNavaH, 3/5 (prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM Arthika jIvana, DaoN.kamala jaina, pR. 9, 65 paramAtmaprakAza, 2/3 11 se uddhRta) 66 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 1808 86 nyAyasaMpanna vibhavaH - yogazAstra 1/47 67 puMso'rtheSu caturpu, nizcalataro, mokSa paraM stsukhH| 87 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 17 zeSAstadviparIta dharma kalitA, heyA mumukssortH|| 88 kahIM ruko kabhI ruko A.ratnasundarasUri, pR. 5 - zrAvakadharmaprakAza (padmanaMdIpaMcavizikA), 7/25 89 pro. bI.ela.jaina se carcA ke AdhAra para 68 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 188 90 vahI 69 dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 262-264 91 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 33 70 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 188 92 vahI, pR. 18 71 prAkRtasUktisaroja 11/7 (DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, 93 pro. bI.ela.jaina se carcA ke AdhAra para pR. 188 se uddhRta) 94 vahI 72 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 20/8 95 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 82 73 Avazyakamalayagiri (prathamakhaNDa) (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 1/511 96 Oragnization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 428 se udhRta) 97 do, p. 427 74 aThThappattI vavahAro - nizIthacUrNi, 6397 98 do, p. 447 75 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 5/4, pR. 148 99 do, p. 427 76 bRhatkalpabhASya, 1/388 100 News, Media, Mumbai, December 16, 2009, 77 nimitte, atthasatthe a - naMdIsUtra, 50, pR. 95 Sapna Nair 78 atthasattha maI visArae - aMgasuttANi, khaM. 3, pR. 4 101 Oragnization & Management, R.D.Agrawal, p. 444 102 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/48 609 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #704
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 103 kahIM ruko kabhI ruko, A.ratnasuMdarasUri, pR. 3.4 130 kattArameva aNujAi kammaM - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 13/23 104 puraH puraH sphurattRSNA, mRgtRssnnaanukaarissu| 131 jaM icchasi appaNato, jaMca na icchasi appnnto| indriyArtheSu dhAvanti, tyaktvA jJAnAmRtaM jar3AH / / taM iccha parassavi, ettiyagaM jiNasAsaNayaM / / - jJAnasAra, 7/6 - bRhadbhASya, 4584 105 kahIM ruko kabhI ruko, A.ratnasudarasUri, pR. 65 132 yuvAdRSTi (patrikA), apraila 2009, artha samasyA bhI hai 106 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 42 samAdhAna bhI, pR. 7 107 vahI, pR. 32 133 upadezaprAsAda, 2/79, pR. 80 108 (ka) dekheM, garIbI rekhA ke Upara aura nIce, rASTrIya sahArA, 134 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 16-17 dillI, 21 akTUbara, 1999, pR. 6 135 vahI, pR. 17 (kha) garIbI kA duzcakra, dainika jAgaraNa, meraTha, 16 maI, 136 amolasUktiratnAkara kalyANaRSi, pR. 389 2005, pR. 12 137 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa a. 1 109 hamaloga (patrikA), 8 janavarI, 2009 138 bhAratIya jIvana mUlya, DaoN.surendra varmA, pR. 57 110 vahI, 8 janavarI, 2009 139 AcArAMgasUtra 1/2/3/4 111 yuvAdRSTi (patrikA), apraila, 2010, sApekSa arthazAstra-mAnavIya 140 jJAnasAra, 12/8 dRSTikoNa, pR. 24 141 svapnalabdha dhana vibhramaM dhanaM 112 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 33 - dharmabindu, 3/78, pR. 173 113 aMgANaM kiM sAro? AyAro ! 142 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/48 - AcArAMganiyukti, gA.16 143 AsaM ca chaMdaM ca vigiM ca dhiire| 114 AcAraH prathamo dharmaH - manusmRti, 1/207 - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/4/3 115 vittIya prabandha, DaoN.esa.pI.guptA, a.59, pR. 495 144 atiregaM ahigaraNaM - oghaniyukti, 741 116 yuvAdRSTi (patrikA), apraila, 2010, artha samasyA bhI hai 145 AturA paritAuti - AcArAMgasUtra 1/1/6/4 samAdhAna bhI, pR. 7 146 arthAnAmarjane duHkha, arjitAnAM ca rkssnne| 117 vahI, pR. 6 AyeduHkhaM vyaye duHkhaM, dhigartha duHkhkaarnnm|| 118 kahIM ruko kabhI ruko, A.ratnasundarasUri, pR. 79 - sthAnAMgasUtrasaTIka 119 ayaM nijaH paroveti. gnnnaalghuncetsaaN| (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 1/506 se uddhRta) udAracaritAnAM tu, vasudhaiva kuttumbkm|| 147 lobha kali-kasAya mahakkhadho ciMtAsayaniciya vipulsaalo| - puSpaparAga, munijayAnaMdavijaya, 6124 - praznavyAkaraNasUtra 1/5 120 tattvArthasUtra, 7/6 148 tittIe asaMtIe hAhAbhUdassa dhaNNacittassa / 121 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/48 kiM tattha hojja sukkhaM sadAvi paMpAe gahidassa / / 122 yuvAdRSTi (patrikA), apraila, 2010, artha samasyA bhI hai - bhagavatIArAdhanA, 1139 samAdhAna bhI, pR. 7 149 parisAmastyena grahaNaM parigrahaNaM...mUrchAvazena parigrahyate 123 vahI, pR. 7 AtmabhAvena mameti buddhayA gRhyate iti 124 vahI, pR. 7 parigrahaH - praznavyAkaraNavRtti, 215 125 vahI, pR. 7 (jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 853 se uddhRta) 126 satyameva jayate nAnRtam 150 (ka) mUrchA parigrahaH - tattvArthasUtra, 7/12 - amolasuktiratnAkara, kalyANaRSi, pR. 98 (kha) na so pariggaho vutto, nAyaputteNa taainnaa| 127 pAtayati AtmAnaM iti pApam mucchA pariggaho vutto, ii vuttaM mhesinnaa|| - uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, 2 - dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/20 (jainaAcAra, pR. 242 se uddhRta) 151 agAradharma, pR. 63 128 jIvA vi pANativAyaNa jAva micchAdasaNaM salleNaM aNupuvveNaM 152 gaMtho'gaMtho va mao mucchAhi nicchayaMo - jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/6/4 - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 2573 129 tattvArthasUtra, 8/16 153 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 1/5, pR. 145 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 82 610 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #705
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 154 micchatta veda rAgA, hAsAdi bhayA honti chddosaa| 184 yogazAstra, 2/18 cattAri taha kasAyA, coddasaM abhaMtarA gNthaa|| 185 vahI, 2/21 - pratikramaNatrayI, pR. 175 186 atthomUlaM aNatthANaM - maraNasamAdhi, 603 (sUktitriveNI, (jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 855 se uddhRta) upA.amaramuni, pR. 236 se uddhRta) 155 koho mANo mAyA, lobho pajja taheva doso a| 187 sAdhanA ke sUtra, madhukaramuni, pR. 182 micchatta veda arai, rai hAso sogo bhaya duguNchaa|| 188 yogazAstra, 1/51 - bRhatkalpabhASya, 831 189 sAdhanA ke sUtra, madhukaramuni, pR. 182 156 kammapariggahe, sarIrapariggahe, vAhirabhaMDamatta pariggahe - 190 dIghanikAya, 3/8/4 (DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 18/7/10 188 se uddhRta) 157 Avazyaka hAribhadrIyAvRtti, a. 6 191 AdissamANe...mayaNNe kheynnnne...apddinnnne| (jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 856 se uddhRta) - AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/5/3 (90) 157A vitaM soyariyA ca - sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/1/5, 192 AhAra uvahisijja, uggamauppAyaNesaNA suddhaM / (bhAratIyajIvanamUlya, DaoN.surendravarmA, pR. 140 se udadhRta) giNhai adINahiyao, johoI sa esaNA smio| 158 agAradharma, pR. 66 - upadezapuSpamAlA, malladhArIhemacaMdrasUri, 179 159 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 19/17 193 dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 268 160 vahI, 4/2 194 sAdhanA ke sUtra, madhukaramuni, pR. 187 161 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/10/18 195 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 576 162 tattvArtharAjavArttika, 7/17/3/545 196 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/9/3 163 upadezamAlA, pR. 310 197 arthazAstra ke siddhAnta, DaoN.rAmaratana zarmA, pR. 2 164 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2/1/670 198 dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 263 165 praznavyAkaraNasUtra (sanmati prakAzana), pR. 761 (jainaAcAra, 199 tiviheNa jAvise tattha matAbhava.....vippariyA smuvei| - devendramuni, pR. 855 se uddhRta) AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/4/2 166 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 8/16 200 kohaM mANaM ca mAyaM ca lobhaM ca paavvddddhnnN| 167 agAradharma, pR. 68 vame catAri dose u, icchato hiymppnno|| 168 sUtraprAbhRta, 27 - dazavaikAlikasUtra 8/36 169 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/5/5 201 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/2/284 170 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 2/3/2 202 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/9/4 171 zrImaddevacandra, atIta caubIsI, 24/5 203 yogazAstra, 1/39 172 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/48 204 savva dukkha saMnilayaM appasuho bahudukkho....mahamao - 173 jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 110 praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 1/5 174 arthazAstra ke siddhAnta, DaoN.rAmaratana zarmA, pR. 17 205 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 1/4 175 jahA lAho tahA loho, lAhA loho pavaDDhai 206 vahI, 9/2/22 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra 8/17 207 vayachakkaM kAyachakka, akappo gihibhAyaNaM / 176 nizIthabhASya, 2790 paliaMka nisijjAe, siNANaM sobhavajjaNaM / / 177 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/38 - dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 268 178 tattvArthasUtra, 6/9 208 muni guNa svAdhyAya, zrImaddevacaMdra, 2/584 179 vahI, 6/9 209 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 126 180 arthazAstra ke siddhAnta, DaoN.rAmaratana zarmA, pR. 9 210 tattvArthasUtra, 1/33 181 prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM Arthika jIvana, 211 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, DaoN.kamala jaina, pR. 198 2/157 182 tattvArthasUtra, 6/16 212 yogazAstra, 2/1 183 bRhadbhASya, 4584 213 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 949, pR. 670 611 adhyAya 10 : artha-prabandhana 83 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #706
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #707
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 11 bhogopabhoga CONSUMPTION MANAGEMENT VIBE COLD 10000 INEducatmenational For Personel Ready brg avete ce
Page #708
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #709
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 11 - bhogopabhoga-prabandhana (Consumption Management) Page No. Chap. Cont. 1613 618 9 621 11 623 628 628 630 637 637 11.1 bhogopabhoga kI avadhAraNA evaM upabhoktA saMskRti 11.2 bhogopabhoga kA jIvana meM mahattva 11.3 upabhoktA saMskRti kA svarUpa 11.4 asantulita, amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita bhogapabhoga-nIti (upabhoktA-saMskRti) ke duSpariNAma 11.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga-prabandhana 11.5.1 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kA saiddhAntika pakSa 11.5.2 azubha bhogopabhoga kI nirarthakatA, jainadRSTi kA AdhAra 11.6 bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa / 11.6.1 bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie vastuoM kA samyak vizleSaNa karanA (ka) sparzAdi indriyoM evaM mana ke viSayoM ke AdhAra para (kha) mahattva ke AdhAra para (ga) naitika, AdhyAtmika evaM jaivika mUlyoM ke AdhAra para 11.6.2 bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka aura anAvazyaka vastuoM kA samyaka nirNaya karanA 11.6.3 bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI prakriyA 11.6.4 bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke vibhinna stara 11.7 niSkarSa 11.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment: A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 637 638 639 28 ___640 641 642 649 650 651 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #710
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #711
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 11 bhogopabhoga-prabandhana (Consumption Management) 11. 1 bhogopabhoga kI avadhAraNA evaM upabhoktA saMskRti 11.1.1 bhUmikA sAmAnyatayA yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki jIvana meM bhogopabhoga kI AvazyakatA banI hI rahatI hai| jIvana ke saMcAlana lie vyakti AhAra, vastra, bhavana Adi vastuoM (artha) ko upArjita, surakSita evaM saMgRhIta karake hI santuSTa nahIM hotA, apitu inakA bhogopabhoga bhI karanA cAhatA hai| jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki bhogopabhoga sabhI ke lie Avazyaka hai, kintu usameM kahIM na kahIM eka maryAdA kA honA bhI atyAvazyaka hai, anyathA aniyaMtrita bhogopabhoga se jIvana meM aneka visaMgatiyA~ paidA ho jAtI haiM / kahA bhI gayA hai ki jisa prakAra jaharIle phala dikhane meM kitane hI sundara kyoM na hoM, kintu unakA antima pariNAma sukhada nahIM hotA, usI prakAra kAma - bhoga bhogate samaya bhale hI mIThe lagate hoM, parantu unakA pariNAma acchA nahIM hotaa|' ataH yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai ki bhogopabhoga kI maryAdA kaba, kitanI aura kisa rUpa meM honI caahie| vastutaH, yaha vicAra hI hameM bhogopabhoga ke samyak prabandhana kI dizA meM le jAtA hai| yahA~ hama sabase pahale bhoga evaM upabhoga ko samajhane kA prayatna kreNge| 11.1.2 bhogopabhoga kA artha jainadarzana meM 'bhoga' zabda alaga-alaga prasaMgoM meM bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| kahIM bhoga zabda kA artha ativyApaka hai, to kahIM atisaMkucita bhI, jise hama nimna prakAra se samajha sakate haiM - (1) indriya-viSayoM ke rUpa meM * uttarAdhyayanasUtravRtti ke anusAra, indriya aura mana ko anukUla lagane vAle zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha evaM sparza - ye pA~ca viSaya bhoga haiN| 2 AcArAMgasUtravRtti ke anusAra, zabdAdi pA~coM aindrika viSayoM (2) kAmanA yA icchA ke rUpa meM kI abhilASA karanA bhoga hai / 3 613 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 1
Page #712
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala ke rUpa meM - bRhadravyasaMgraha ke anusAra, aMtaraMga meM sukha aura duHkha ko utpanna karane vAle pUrva meM bA~dhe hue (saMcita) karmoM kA phala bhoga hai|' (4) indriya-artha-sambandha ke rUpa meM - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikAvRtti ke anusAra, indriyoM aura unake abhISTa viSayoM ke madhya sukhakara pArasparika sambandha bhoga hai| (5) santuSTi yA sukhAnubhUti ke rUpa meM - vAcaspatyAbhidhAna koza ke anusAra, sukha ko bhoga kahate haiN| prAyaH sabhI sukhavAdI yA bhautikavAdI vicAradhArAoM, jaise - Adhunika arthazAstra, cArvAka-darzana, vAtsyAyana-kAmasUtra Adi meM bhoga ko bAhya padArthoM ke mAdhyama se prApta hone vAlI sukhAnubhUti yA santuSTi ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai| (6) sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti ke rUpa meM - bRhadravyasaMgraha ke anusAra, pA~co indriyoM ke iSTa evaM aniSTa viSayoM se utpanna sukha tathA duHkha rUpa anubhUti bhoga hai|' (7) Atmika-Ananda kI anubhUti ke rUpa meM - bRhadravyasaMgraha ke anusAra, nija zuddhAtmA ke darzana , jJAna evaM AcaraNa se utpanna avinAzI Ananda rUpa amRta kA rasapAna karanA bhoga hai| hameM anekAnta dRSTi se ina arthoM ko milAkara 'bhoga' zabda ke Azaya ko samajhanA hogaa| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki vyakti ke sAmane bhoga ke lie do mukhya anubhUti kendra haiM - aindrika evaM aatmik| sAmAnyatayA vyakti aindrika viSayoM ke bhoga ko hI bhoga ke rUpa meM svIkAratA hai| pUrvakRta karmoM ke phalasvarUpa use aindrika viSayoM kI prApti hotI hai| jaba abhISTa viSayoM kI saMprApti hotI hai, taba unameM tanmaya hokara vaha sukha (harSa) kI anubhUti karatA hai aura isase viparIta sthiti meM duHkha (viSAda) kii| kintu jaba sAdhaka aindrika-viSayoM ko chor3akara nija zuddhAtmA kA Azraya letA hai, taba vikAroM se rahita svayaM ke nizcala, nirmala, akhaNDa evaM avinAzI Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai| jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM, Atmika-bhoga hI vAstava meM upAdeya hai yAni grahaNa karane yogya hai| unhoMne isIlie aindrika bhogoM ko maryAdita karane aura Atmika Ananda kI abhivRddhi karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie yaha vicAra apanI-apanI bhUmikAnusAra pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka ke lie pAlana karane yogya hai| Age, isa viSaya para gaharAI se cintana kiyA jaaegaa| bhogopabhoga ke artha sambandhI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI Avazyaka hogA ki hama bhoga evaM upabhoga ke antara ko smjheN| jainadarzana meM bhogane yogya vastuoM ke do vibhAga kie gae haiM - bhoga evaM upbhog| ve vastue~ jinakI upayogitA eka bAra meM hI samApta ho jAtI haiM, bhoga kI vastue~ kahalAtI haiM, jaise - bhojana, pAna, auSadha, dhUpa Adi tathA ve vastue~ jo bAra-bAra upayoga meM lI jA sakatI haiM, kyoMki unakI upayogitA kA hrAsa yA to nahIMvat hotA hai yA atimanda hotA hai, upabhoga kI vastue~ kahalAtI haiM, jaise - vastra, AvAsa, AbhUSaNa, strI aadi| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 614 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #713
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ yahA~ para yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki vastue~ cAhe bhoga kI hoM yA upabhoga kI, donoM kA maryAdita upayoga hI karanA cAhie, anyathA aneka prakAra kI visaMgatiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiN| jainAcAryoM ne bhogopabhoga kI vastuoM ko kevala bhautika mAnane vAlI dRSTi ko nakArate hue ina vastuoM ke punaH do bheda kie haiM - bhautika (ajIva) evaM caitasika (sjiiv)| unhoneM isa bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki yadi palaMga, Tebala Adi nirjIva padArtha bhoga kI vastue~ haiM, to naukara-cAkara, strI-purUSa, pazu-pakSI Adi sajIva padArtha bhI bhoga kI vastue~ hI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai - 'jIvA vi bhogA, ajIvA vi bhogaa'| ataH bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke antargata bhautika evaM caitasika, donoM prakAra kI vastuoM kA sImAkaraNa karanA Avazyaka hai| yadi vyakti kevala bhautika parigraha ke upayoga kI maryAdA karake santuSTa ho jAe aura caitasika parigraha kA sImAkaraNa na kare, to bhogopabhoga-prabandhana santulita nahIM ho skegaa| 11.1.3 bhogopabhoga ke prakAra : indriya-viSayoM ke AdhAra para indriya aura mana ke anukUla sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa, zabda evaM bhAva rUpa viSayoM kA Asevana karanA bhogopabhoga hai, ataH ina viSayoM ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga ke cha: prakAra haiM - (1) sparza sambandhI bhogopabhoga - vyakti kAyA (tvacA) ke mAdhyama se sparza sambandhI viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| inameM se kucha viSaya use priya lagate haiM, ataH vaha unase rAga karatA hai, jabaki kucha anya viSaya apriya lagane se vaha unase dveSa karatA hai|" jainAcAryoM ne sparza sambandhI viSayoM ke maulika rUpa se ATha bheda kie haiM12 - cikanA ThaNDA halkA mulAyama khuradurA (rukhA) * garama bhArI kaThora (2) svAda sambandhI bhogopabhoga - vyakti jihvA ke mAdhyama se svAda yA rasa sambandhI viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| inameM se kucha viSayoM ko anukUla mAnakara unase rAga karatA hai, to kucha ko pratikUla mAnakara dvess| ye svAda sambandhI viSaya pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM - * tIkhA * kar3avA * kasailA * khaTTA mIThA (3) gandha sambandhI bhogopabhoga - vyakti nAsikA ke dvArA gandha viSayaka jJAna karake sugandhayukta dravyoM se rAga aura durgandha yukta dravyoM se dveSa karatA hai| isake do bheda hote haiM16 - sugandha * durgandha (4) rUpa sambandhI bhogopabhoga - vyakti netroM ke mAdhyama se vividha varNayukta dRzyoM ko dekhatA huA unameM se manohArI dRzyoM para rAga aura apriya dRzyoM se dveSa karane lagatA hai|" isake pA~ca bheda hote haiM18 - 615 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #714
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kAlA harA lAla pIlA sapheda (5) zabda sambandhI bhogopabhoga - vyakti kAna ke dvArA vividha zabdoM ko sunakara priya zabdoM se rAga aura apriya zabdoM se dveSa karatA hai| ye zabda tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - jIva zabda * ajIva zabda mizra zabda (6) bhAva sambandhI bhogopabhoga - vyakti kevala upasthita padArtha hI nahIM, apitu anupasthita evaM kAlpanika padArthoM kA bhogopabhoga bhI karatA hai| vaha mana ke mAdhyama se sparzAdi paMca viSayoM ko anubhUta karatA hai aura priya bhAvoM se rAga tathA apriya bhAvoM se dveSa karatA hai| ina manobhAvoM ke mUlataH tIna bheda hote haiM - atItakAlIna bhAva meM vartamAnakAlIna bhAva * anAgatakAlIna bhAva isa prakAra, manuSya ina sparzAdi chahoM viSayoM ke bhogopabhoga meM hamezA saMlagna rahatA hai| pazu-pakSI Adi bhI bhogopabhoga to karate haiM, kintu sAmarthya kama hone se ve lAcAra hote haiM aura apekSAkRta alpa bhogopabhoga meM bhI jIvana-yApana kara lete haiN| cU~ki manuSya ke pAsa sAmarthya adhika hotA hai, ataH usakI bhogopabhoga kI kriyAe~ bhI adhika hotI haiN| vaha jitanA-jitanA bhautika vikAsa karatA jAtA hai, utanA-utanA adhika bhogI hotA jAtA hai aura isase vaha bhogopabhoga kI ucita maryAdAoM kA ullaMghana bhI kara detA hai| isI kAraNa se jainAcAryoM ne bhogopabhoga ko niyaMtrita evaM saMyamita karane kI preraNA dI hai, jo bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| 11.1.4 bhogopabhoga kI mUla vicAradhArA evaM upabhoktA saMskRti bhogopabhoga se sambandhita mukhyatayA do vicAradhArAe~ haiM - bhogapradhAna evaM adhyaatmprdhaan| prathama vicAradhArA ko eka Ama AdamI se lekara Adhunika arthazAstrI evaM anya bhautikavAdI vicAraka svIkAra karate haiN| ye kevala bhogapradhAna jIvanazailI ko hI jIvana kA parama-lakSya mAnate haiN| unakA mata hai ki bhoga hI sukha kA sAdhana hai aura isIlie jIvana meM bhoga ke sAdhanoM ko juTAkara unakA adhika se adhika upabhoga karanA caahie| yadyapi inameM se kucha loga yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki bhogopabhoga kI sImA honI cAhie, phira bhI unake anusAra, jaba taka koI zArIrika, Arthika yA rAjanItika majabUrI utpanna na ho, taba taka to bhogopabhoga kiyA hI jA sakatA hai aura karanA bhI caahie| isa vicAradhArA meM bhogopabhoga kI vastuoM ke tIna vibhAga kie gae haiM aura inheM jIvana-stara ke uttarottara vikAsa kA mApadaNDa bhI mAnA gayA hai| ye isa prakAra haiM - anivArya vastuoM kA bhogopabhoga (Necessaries) suvidhAparaka yA ArAmadAyaka vastuoM kA bhogopabhoga (Comforts) vilAsitAparaka vastuoM kA bhogopabhoga (Luxeries) jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 616 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #715
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa vicAradhArA se hone vAle duSpariNAmoM kI carcA Age kI jaaegii| dvitIya vicAradhArA ke praNetA jaina-vicArakoM sahita anya AdhyAtmika-vicAraka haiM, jo jIvana meM kevala bhautika mUlyoM ko hI sampUrNa nahIM mAnate, apitu naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko bhI ucita sammAna dete haiN| inakI mAnyatA hai ki bhogopabhoga parAdhIna vRtti hai, kyoMki isa hetu bAhya padArthoM para nirbhara honA par3atA hai, sAtha hI isake kaI anya nakArAtmaka pakSa bhI haiM, ataH bhogopabhoga ko aniyaMtrita rUpa se bar3hAne ke bajAya use ghaTAne kA prayatna karanA jyAdA ucita hai| inakI dRSTi meM vilAsitAoM kA tyAga karake ArAmadAyaka jIvana bhI jIyA jA sakatA hai aura ArAmadAyaka jIvana ko bhI sImita karate hue anivArya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karate hue bhI jIvana-yApana kiyA jA sakatA hai| gRhastha avasthA meM bhI aise aneka udAharaNa milate haiM, jo sAdA-jIvana aura ucca-vicAra ke siddhAnta ko sAkAra karate hue jIvana kA suvyasthita nirvAha karate haiM, jaise - zrImadrAjacandra , mahAtmA gA~dhI, vinobA bhAve aadi| anivArya meM bhI alpatama AvazyakatAoM para AdhArita jaina-muni kA jIvana eka jvalanta udAharaNa hai| itanA hI nahIM, jaina sAdhanA paddhati kA carama lakSya mokSa (siddha) pada kI prApti hai, jisameM AhAra, vastrAdi anivArya AvazyakatAe~ bhI samApta ho jAtI haiN| isa prakAra saMkSepa meM kaheM, to jaina sAdhanA paddhati yaha mAnatI hai ki bAhya aindrika bhoga duHkha ke kAraNa haiM, 24 ataH inheM maryAdita karate hue Atmika-bhoga kI kramazaH vRddhi karanI cAhie aura bhUmikAnusAra jitanA bhI indriya-viSayoM kA sevana karanA par3e, use majabUrI mAnakara hI karanA cAhie, unake prati Asakti yA rAga-dveSa kA bhAva nahIM rakhanA caahie| =====4.>===== 617 adhyAya 11: bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #716
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11.2 bhogopabhoga kA jIvana meM mahattva bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lakSya kI prApti ke lie jIvana meM bhogopabhoga kA kyA mahattva hai, isakA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa karanA atyAvazyaka hai| Adhunika arthazAstriyoM ne bhogopabhoga kA atyadhika mahattva mAnA hai aura nimna binduoM dvArA darzAyA hai - 1) bhogopabhoga ke dvArA vyakti ko sukha evaM santoSa kI prApti hotI hai| 2) bhogopabhoga ke dvArA vyakti ke jIvana-stara (Living Status) kI unnati hotI hai| 3) bhogopabhoga ke dvArA sabhyatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| 4) bhogopabhoga ke kAraNa rAjya kI Arthika sthiti sudRr3ha hotI hai| 5) anivArya bhogopabhoga ke dvArA jIvana-astitva banA rahatA hai| 6) bhogopabhoga ke AdhAra para sAmAjika-pratiSThA aura sammAna kI prApti hotI hai|26 7) bhogopabhoga kI vRddhi ke dvArA utpAdana, vinimaya, vitaraNa Adi anya Arthika kriyAoM ko gati milatI hai| 8) bhogopabhoga ke dvArA samAja meM rojagAra ke stara meM vRddhi hotI hai| 9) samasta Arthika kriyAoM kA antima lakSya bhI bhogopabhoga hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production." 10) bhogopabhoga ke dvArA samAja meM Arthika samAnatA sthApita karane kI dizA meM sahayoga milatA hai| isa prakAra, Adhunika arthazAstriyoM ke anusAra, bhogopabhoga hI mAnavIya kriyAoM kA Adi aura anta hai| AdhArabhUta bAta yaha hai ki pratyeka mAnavIya kriyA kA janma AvazyakatA (icchA) se hotA hai, AvazyakatA ke AdhAra para hI vyakti mA~ga (Demand) karatA hai, mA~ga ke AdhAra para hI utpAdana hotA hai, utpAdana ke AdhAra para hI logoM ko rojagAra milatA hai aura rASTrIya-Aya meM vRddhi hotI hai| manuSya kI uparyukta vicAradhArA kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kahanA par3A ki yaha manuSya 'kAma-kAmI' hai arthAt manuSya kI pratyeka pravRtti usakI kAmanAoM se saMcAlita hotI hai|28 yadyapi bhautikavAdI dRSTi se uparyukta bindu ucita pratIta hote haiM, tathApi AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se dekhane para bhogopabhoga ke vipakSa meM nimnalikhita niSkarSa bhI nikAlA jA sakatA hai - 1) bhogopabhoga kI vRddhi ke kAraNa hI manuSya duHkhI aura santapta hotA hai| 2) bhogopabhoga ke atireka meM hI usake jIvana stara kI avanati hotI hai| 3) bhogopabhoga ke kAraNa hI vyakti asabhya aura aziSTa vyavahAra karatA hai| 4) bhogopabhoga jahA~ amaryAdita hotA hai, vahA~ rAjya kI Arthika sthiti bigar3a jAtI hai| san 2008 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 618 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #717
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ meM amerikA meM AI Arthika mandI isakA pratyakSa udAharaNa hai|30 5) bhogopabhoga ke atireka se hI vyakti kA jIvana-astitva khatare meM par3a jAtA hai| 6) bhogopabhoga ke kAraNa hI vyakti ko sAmAjika badanAmI aura apamAna jhelanA par3atA hai| 7) bhogopabhoga ke atireka meM vyakti AlasI ho jAtA hai aura usakI utpAdana, vinimaya, vitaraNa Adi Arthika-kriyAe~ prabhAvita hotI haiN| 8) bhogopabhoga kA atireka hI vyakti ko akarmaNya banAkara berojagAra kara detA hai| 9) bhogopabhoga meM lipta vyakti naitika evaM AdhyAtmika AdarzoM (lakSyoM) se gira jAtA hai| 10) bhogopabhoga ke kAraNa samAja meM varga-saMgharSa (Class-Struggle) meM vRddhi hotI hai| 11) bhogopabhoga kI vRtti se vyakti svArthI hokara anItipUrvaka arthopArjana karane lagatA hai| isa prakAra, bhogopabhoga ke vipakSa meM kahI gaI ye bAteM bhI nirAdhAra nahIM haiN| ataH prasiddha sAhityakAra harikRSNa premI kA yaha kathana apanA viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai ki "bhoga kI jIvana meM AvazyakatA to hai, kintu bhoga hI jIvana kA Adi aura anta nahIM hai|"32 jainadarzana kI anekAnta dRSTi donoM dRSTiyoM (pakSa evaM vipakSa) ko samanvita kara bhogopabhoga kI AvazyakatA kA eka sApekSa dRSTikoNa pradAna karatI hai| isake anusAra, bhogopabhoga Avazyaka bhI hai aura anAvazyaka bhii| jIvana-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM yadi vyakti apanI bhUmikAnusAra ucita mAtrA meM bhogopabhoga karatA hai, to yaha Avazyaka hai, kintu yadi vaha isa sImA kA ullaMghana karatA hai, to yaha anAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne sapta durvyasanoM ke tyAga, paiMtIsa mArgAnusArI karttavyoM ke pAlana, vratoM (vizeSataH bhogopabhoga-parimANa vrata) ke nirvahana Adi kA nirdeza bhI bhogopabhoga ko maryAdita karane hetu hI diyA hai, jinakA vizeSa cintana Age kiyA jaaegaa| bhogopabhoga kI jIvana meM AvazyakatA aura sthAna jainadRSTi se bhogopabhoga kI AvazyakatA evaM jIvana meM unake sthAna ko hama purUSArtha-catuSTaya kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para bhI samajha sakate haiN| isameM dharma, artha aura kAma tInoM purUSArthoM ko nakArakara jIvana kA antima lakSya mokSa kahA gayA hai, kyoMki mokSa hI uttama evaM paramasukhadAyaka hai| phira bhI, kisI hada taka dharma ko bhI usake mokSAnukUla hone se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu artha aura kAma ko kramazaH nirarthaka evaM duHkhakara mAnakara unakA tyAga karane kA upadeza bhI diyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM sAdhanApatha para agrasara sAdhaka ke lie eka bhinna dRSTi se yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki yadi dharma, artha aura kAma paraspara abAdhita hokara rahate haiM, to ye svIkRta haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki yadi arthopArjana nyAyapUrvaka ho, kAma-bhoga maryAdita ho tathA dharma-kArya ucita anuSThAna ke rUpa meM ho aura ye tInoM milakara mokSAbhimukha hoM, to ye AcaraNIya haiN| isa prakAra, sAdhya kI dRSTi se kAma (bhoga) anAcaraNIya haiM evaM sAdhanA kI dRSTi se maryAdita 619 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #718
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kAma (bhoga) svIkRta bhI kie gae haiM, parantu amaryAdita kAma (bhoga) to sarvathA anAcaraNIya hI haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa, manuSya meM saMjJA (Instincts) ke rUpa meM kAma-vAsanA kA tattva to hotA hI hai| prathamatayA to usa para vijaya pAnA cAhie (sAdhya kI dRSTi se)| phira bhI, yadi sambhava na ho, to vivAha-saMsthA dvArA use maryAdita kiyA jAnA cAhie (sAdhanA kI bhUmikA meN)| kintu, amaryAdita kAma-bhogoM kA to sarvathA niSedha karanA cAhie, kyoMki ve sampUrNa samAja-vyavasthA ko dUSita kara dete ===== 4 . - ---- jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 620 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #719
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11.3 upabhoktA saMskRti kA svarUpa bhogopabhoga ke samyak prabandhana hetu bhogopabhoga kI AvazyakatA kitanI aura kisa rUpa meM hai, yaha viveka honA atyAvazyaka hai| isake abhAva meM bhogopabhoga amaryAdita hokara upabhoktA saMskRti ko janma detA hai| Aja vizva meM isI upabhoktA saMskRti kA bolabAlA hai| ___ isa sar3aka para isa kadara kIcar3a bichA hai| hara kisI kA pA~va ghuTanoM taka sanA hai|| 31 upabhoktA-saMskRti kA vikAsa yadyapi mAnavIya-kalyANa ke uddezya se hI huA thA, phira bhI yaha vyavasthA hI Aja mAnava ke lie samasyAoM kA kAraNa bana gaI hai| isameM mUlataH upabhoktA ko hI sampUrNa arthavyavasthA kA preraNA srota mAnA jAtA hai aura upabhoktA ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI utpAdana, vinimaya, vitaraNa Adi Arthika kriyAe~ saMcAlita hotI haiN| upabhoktA kI supta vAsanAoM ko ukasAne ke lie vividha vijJApana evaM pralobhana die jAte haiM, use vividha upabhoktA-sevAoM (Customer Services) ke dvArA AkarSita kiyA jAtA hai, mUlataH sevAoM ke nAma para lAbha prApti evaM svArthapUrti kA uddezya pramukha hotA hai| upabhoktA bAhya AkarSaNa meM pha~sakara viveka kho detA hai aura use apane hita-ahita evaM lAbha-alAbha kA bhAna nahIM rhtaa| usakI icchAe~ aniyaMtrita evaM asImita ho jAtI haiM, vaha svacchanda ho jAtA hai| usameM adhika se adhika bhogopabhoga kI lAlasA panapatI jAtI hai| vaha dinoMdina indriya-viSayoM kA dAsa banatA calA jAtA hai, phira bhI viDambanA yaha hai ki use bAjAra ke 'rAjA' (Consumer's Sovereignty) kI saMjJA dekara bhramita kiyA jAtA hai| pro.rAbarTasana kA kahanA hai - 'pUMjIvAdI arthavyavasthA meM upabhoktA hI samrAT hai|' kIkhophara kA kahanA hai - 'upabhoktA ke dvArA kiyA gayA cunAva, cAhe vaha samajhadArIpUrNa ho yA mUrkhatApUrNa, samasta audyogika praNAlI ko niyaMtrita karatA hai|' saca to yaha hai ki bhale hI upabhoktA kI sarvocca sattA batalAI jAtI hai, phira bhI usakI sthiti eka kaThaputalI se adhika kucha bhI nahIM hotii| isa prakAra upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti eka aisA vAtAvaraNa nirmita karatI hai ki upabhoktA isake mohapAza meM phaMsakara upabhogoM ke atireka meM DUba jAtA hai| upabhoktA ko bhramita karane vAlI vartamAna upabhoktA saMskRti ke mUla sUtra haiM - khUba utpAdana ho aura khUba upabhoga ho| aniyaMtrita evaM asIma icchAe~ hI vikAsa kA AdhAra haiN| bAhya samRddhi hI jIvana stara kI unnati kA mApadaNDa hai| upabhoga hI adhikatama santuSTi kA ekamAtra sAdhana hai| ucita ho yA anucita, upabhoga to honA hI caahie| upabhoktA-saMskRti aura bhogopabhoga-prabandhana meM bahuta antara hai| upabhoktA-saMskRti vastutaH 621 adhyAya 11: bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #720
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhogavAda kI ora pravRtta karatI hai, jabaki bhogopabhoga-prabandhana Atma-saMyama kI ora prerita karatA hai| upabhoktA saMskRti ke anusAra, vyakti ko adhika se adhika vastuoM kA upabhoga karanA cAhie, kintu bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kama se kama sAmagriyoM ke upayoga para jora detA hai| upabhoktAvAdI jIvanadRSTi meM kevala bhautika-mUlyoM kA mahattva hokara naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke lie na koI sammAna hai aura na hI koI sthaan| kintu bhAratIya saMskRti para AdhArita bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI dRSTi meM bhautika evaM naitika-AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke bIca samyaka sAmaMjasya kA honA sarvocca prAthamikatA hai| upabhoktA saMskati kI viDambanA yaha hai ki vyakti pahale bhogoM kI vyavasthA ke lie santapta rahatA hai, phira bhoga karate hue bhI atRpta rahatA hai aura antataH bhogoM kA AdI ho jAtA hai, jisase bhoga usake lie aparihArya ho jAte haiM, kintu bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vyakti bhogoM kI Asakti ko maryAdita karatA huA antataH Asaktirahita ho jAtA hai| yaha satya hai ki upabhoktAvAdI-jIvanadRSTi aura bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI dRSTi meM jIvana kA lakSya zAnti aura Ananda kI upalabdhi hai, phira bhI upabhoktA saMskRti kahIM na kahIM bhogoM ko prAthamikatA dekara unameM zAnti kI talAza karatI hai, jabaki bhogopabhoga-prabandhana zAnti ko prAthamikatA dekara maryAdita bhogoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki upabhoktAvAdI jIvanadRSTi evaM bhogopabhoga-prabandhana donoM meM se koI bhI padArtha ke upayoga ke lie iMkAra nahIM karatA, phira bhI donoM meM mUlabhUta antara yaha hai ki pahalI dRSTi meM, na to upabhoga koI vivazatA hai aura na hI usakI sImA kI AvazyakatA hai, vaha yaha bhI mAnatI hai ki jIvana ke lie upabhoga nahIM, apitu upabhoga ke lie jIvana hai, jabaki dUsarI dRSTi meM, jIvana ke lie upabhoga karanA eka vivazatAjanya AvazyakatA hai, sAtha hI usakA yaha mAnanA hai ki jIvana ke lie upabhoga hai, na ki upabhoga ke lie jiivn| isa prakAra, hama kaha sakate haiM ki jahA~ eka ora mUlyavAdI AdhyAtmika jIvana-dRSTi se yukta bhogopabhoga-prabandhana eka santulita, suvyavasthita aura sumaryAdita jIvanazailI kI pahala karatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora bhautikavAdI upabhoktA saMskRti eka asantulita, avyavasthita aura amaryAdita jIvanazailI kI ora le jAtI hai| isa asantulita, amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita bhogopabhoga kI jIvanazailI ke kyA duSpariNAma hote haiM, isa para hameM gambhIratA se vicAra karanA hogA aura yaha dekhanA hogA ki bhogopabhoga kA samyak prabandhana karanA kyoM aura kisa prakAra se Avazyaka hai? =====4.>===== 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 622 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #721
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11.4 asantulita, amaryAdita evaM avyavasthita bhogopabhoga-nIti (upabhoktA saMskRti) ke duSpariNAma upabhoktA-saMskRti kI kamiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa Aja vyakti aura samAja donoM hI apane AdarzoM aura mUlyoM ko khote jA rahe haiM aura isase vyavahAra jagat meM aneka cintanIya duSpariNAma bhI sAmane A rahe haiN| Aie, ina duSpariNAmoM para eka najara DAleM, jisase hameM bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI mahattA kA bodha ho sake - (1) vikAsa ke nAma para chalAvA - upabhoktAvAda yaha bhrAnti phailAtA hai ki vyakti, samAja aura rASTra Arthika-samRddhi aura bhautika-sukha kI U~cAiyoM para jA rahe haiM, jo ki vAstavikatA se pare haiN| AMkar3e bhI batAte haiM ki varSa 1950-51 meM deza kA sakala-rASTrIya utpAda 40,454 karor3a rUpae aura prativyakti Aya 1126 rUpae thI, jo varSa 1996-97 meM bar3hakara kramazaH 2,58,465 karor3a rUpae tathA prativyakti Aya 2,761 rUpae ho gii| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki bhArata meM vyakti aura samAja adhika sukhI aura sampanna hue haiM, parantu vAstavika sthiti isase bhinna hai| isa avadhi meM jIvana-rakSaka vastuoM ke mUlya karIba dasa gunA bar3he haiM, jabaki Aya mAtra DhAI gunA bar3hI hai| yaha mAtra A~kar3oM kI bAjIgarI hai| Aja Arthika-viSamatA, Arthika-sattA kA kendrIkaraNa, varga-vidveSa , zoSaNa Adi kI pravRttiyA~ khUba bar3hI haiN|" (2) Aya-sAdhanoM meM vikRti - upabhoktAvAdI-saMskRti ne vyakti ke bhItara svArtha aura pratispardhA kI bhAvanA ko atyadhika uttejita kiyA hai aura isase vaha yena-kena-prakAreNa apane sAdhya ko siddha karane meM lagA hai| svAmI vivekAnanda ne kahA thA2 - 'tuma sAdhana kI cintA karo, sAdhya apane Apa niSpanna hogA', kintu Aja vyakti sAdhana ke aucitya-anaucitya kA cintana kie binA sAdhya kI siddhi meM lagA hai| usakI dRSTi meM sAdhanoM kA aucitya siddhi meM nihita hai, isase hI Aja corI, DakaitI, hatyA, apaharaNa, AtaMka, bhraSTAcAra Adi kukRtya bar3ha-car3hakara ho rahe haiN| isa prakAra Aya ke sAdhanoM kI prAmANikatA dhIre-dhIre naSTa hotI jA rahI hai| (3) zArIrika evaM mAnasika rogoM meM vRddhi - Aja upabhogoM meM saMlagna vyakti adhikAdhika utpAdana evaM saMgraha karane kI cAha rakhatA huA apane Apako hI dA~va para lagA rahA hai, pariNAmasvarUpa avyavasthita dinacaryA ho jAne se vaha aneka prakAra ke zArIrika evaM mAnasika rogoM se pIr3ita hotA jA rahA hai, jaise - mAigrena, anidrA, uccaraktacApa, hRdayaghAta, brena hemareja, lakavA, moTApA, hatAzA, nirAzA. hIna bhAvanA. avasAda. hisTIriyA aadi| kabhI-kabhI to vyakti AtmahatyA ke lie bhI pravatta ho jAtA hai| vizva-svAsthya-saMgaThana ke anusAra, bar3hatI huI upabhoktA-saMskRti ke kAraNa pUre vizva meM Aja lagabhaga 45 karor3a loga mAnasika bImAriyoM se grasta haiN| mazInIkRta hotI jindagI ke kAraNa 623 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #722
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AgAmI 15-20 varSoM meM vizva kA hara cauthA vyakti tanAva, avasAda Adi meM se kisI na kisI vyAdhi se grasita hogaa| kahA bhI gayA hai - nara nArI rahate jahA~, viSaya bhAva meM liin| 'sAdhaka' unako chor3ate, dharma svAsthya dhana tIna / / (4) prAkRtika-asantulana aura paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kI vRddhi - upabhoktAvAda adhikatama upabhoga ke lie adhikatama utpAdana ko protsAhita karatA hai, kintu adhikatama utpAdana kA artha hai - prAkRtika saMsAdhanoM kA adhikAdhika dohana aura UrjA kI atyadhika khpt| isase Aja vanoM kI kaTAI, bhUmi kA kSaraNa, peyajala kI kamI, CO, gaisa kI vRddhi, reDiyodharmI vikiraNa, vaizvika tApa-vRddhi, samudrI jala-stara kI vRddhi , prAkRtika ApadA Adi samasyAe~ samAja ke lie cintanIya muddA bana cukI haiN| vastutaH, yaha upabhoktA-saMskRti vyakti ko zanaiH-zanaiH sarvavinAza kI ora le jA rahI hai| jIvana-astitva ke isa khatare ko jainAcAryoM ne ina paMktiyoM meM iMgita kiyA hai - je loyaM abbhAikkhai, se attANaM abbhaaikkhi| je attANaM abbhAikkhai, se loyaM abbhaaikkhi|| ___ jo loka ke astitva ko nakAratA hai, vaha apane astitva ko nakAratA hai aura jo apane astitva ko nakAratA hai, vaha loka ke astitva ko nakAratA hai| (5) pArivArika evaM sAmAjika vighaTana - upabhoktA-saMskRti ne Aja manuSya ke pArasparika sambandhoM ko bhI tahasa-nahasa kara diyA hai| upabhoktA-saMskRti ke agraja rASTra amerikA meM sAmAjika sthiti kI badahAlI, zikAgo vizvavidyAlaya ke 24 navabaMra 1999 ko prastuta, nimna tathyoM se jhalakatI hai - parivAroM ke saMcAlana evaM lAlana-pAlana hetu vivAha-saMsthA kA mahattva ghaTa jaanaa| san 1960 meM avivAhita mAtAoM kI saMkhyA 5 pratizata thI, jo san 1996 meM bar3hakara 32 pratizata ho gii| inhIM chattIsa varSoM meM talAka kA pratizata dugunA ho gyaa| san 1972 meM 72 pratizata bacce apane mAtA-pitA ke sAtha rahate the, jabaki san 1996 meM mAtra ____52 prtisht| san 1972 meM 45 pratizata mAtA-pitAoM ke bacce nahIM the aura yaha tathya vivAhita strI-purUSoM kI baccoM ke prati aruci kA spaSTa dyotaka hai| yahA~ para zAdI ke pahale bhI zAdIzudA jaisA jIvana bitAne kI paramparA kaI logoM meM dekhI jAtI 12 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 624 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #723
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) artha kA kendrIkaraNa - Aja pUMjIvAdI artha-vyavasthA ke kAraNa samAja kA eka varga to atyadhika samRddha hai, jabaki usase kaI gunA bar3A eka dUsarA varga hai, jo atyadhika nirdhanatA kA jIvana vyatIta kara rahA hai| yaha tathya san 2006 meM prakAzita lekha ke nimna binduoM se svataH spaSTa hai - 1) bhAratavarSa kI sakala rASTrIya Aya kA lagabhaga 49.50 pratizata bhAga to kevala 20 pratizata sarvAdhika dhanADhya logoM se sambandhita hotA hai| 2) bhArata meM nijI kampanI kA mukhya kAryakArI adhikArI 15 karor3a rUpae prativarSa AsAnI se kamAtA hai, jabaki eka Ama AdamI varSa bhara meM muzkila se 5000 rUpae kamA pAtA hai| 3) bhArata meM karor3apatiyoM kI saMkhyA varSa 2003 meM 61 hajAra thI, jo varSa 2009 meM karIba 16 lAkha ho gii| 4) deza meM 40 karor3a loga garIbI rekhA se nIce jI rahe haiM, jinheM jIvana-yApana karane ke lie ausatana 77 rUpae pratimAha prApta ho pAtA hai| isa Arthika kendrIkaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa samAja meM zoSaka evaM zoSitoM ke madhya dUriyA~ bar3hatI jA rahI haiM aura saMgharSa panapa rahe haiN| (7) bhAvanAtmaka saMkIrNatA kI vRddhi - bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm'50 ke sUtra ke dvArA paraspara sahayoga, sevA, bandhutva, maitrI Adi udAtta bhAvanAoM ke sAtha jIne kA upadeza diyA, kintu Aja upabhoktAvAdI-saMskRti ke prabhAvasvarUpa vyakti saMvedanahIna, krUra, svArthI, avasaravAdI aura vizvAsaghAtI banatA jA rahA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai - jahA~ kAmabhogoM meM Asakti hotI hai, vahA~ vyakti ke vyavahAra meM krUratA, chala-kapaTa, jhUTha, dhokhA, cAlAkI Adi kupravRttiyA~ (kUTa) svataH hI utpanna ho jAtI haiN| (8) samaya aura UrjA kI barabAdI - upabhoktA-saMskRti ke kAraNa vyakti aneka prakAra kI anAvazyaka kriyAoM meM vyasta hokara apane amUlya samaya aura sAmarthya ko naSTa kara rahA hai| inameM se pramukha isa prakAra haiM - 1) byUTIpArlara evaM masAjapArlara jaanaa| 2) klaba aura juA-gharoM meM jaanaa| 3) heltha klaba meM jaanaa| 4) saptAhAMta (Weekend) meM pikanika mnaanaa| 5) chuTTI ke dinoM meM restrAM Adi meM jaanaa| 6) sigareTa , bIyara, zIzA Adi mAdaka padArthoM kA sevana krnaa| 7) mobAIla evaM dUrabhASa para ghaNToM bAtacIta krnaa| 8) dUradarzana evaM calacitra kI atiruci honaa| 625 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #724
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 9) viDiyo gemsa khelnaa| 10) maica dekhane kI atiruci honaa| 11) anAvazyaka upanyAsa tathA maigjIna pddh'naa| 12) vividha vyaMjana banAnA, sajAnA, khAnA aura khilaanaa| 13) varSa meM aneka bAra pArTI Ayojita karanA, jaise - janmadina, vivAha, muNDana, navavarSa, velenTAIna-De, liva ina rilezana aadi| 14) saundarya prasAdhanoM (Cosmetics) Adi kA prayoga krnaa| 15) vividha paridhAna pahananA, bAra-bAra badalanA evaM meciMga ke lie vividha vastuoM kA prayoga krnaa| 16) ghara, gAr3I, dukAna oNphisa Adi kI anAvazyaka sAja-sajjA krnaa| 17) maoNlsa, zorumsa, supara mArkeTsa, sAmAnya bAjAroM Adi meM anAvazyaka kharIdadArI hetu jaanaa| 18) maha~ge upahAra evaM grITiMga kArDsa bheMTa karanA ityaadi| ___cU~ki vyakti kI pasanda, ruci, phaizana satata badalatI rahatI hai, ataH vaha jaldI-jaldI bhoga evaM upabhoga kI vastuoM meM bhI badalAva karatA jAtA hai, sAtha hI vikretA varga bhI use isa hetu suvidhAe~ evaM pralobhana detA rahatA hai, jaise - 0% byAja para AdhArita RNa suvidhA, RNa cukAne kI AsAna kizteM, kreDiTa kArDa suvidhA, hAusa lona suvidhA, sastI skIma, chUTa aadi| isake atirikta jhUThe lekina mana-lubhAvane vijJApana bhI vyakti kI kRtrima mA~goM kA sRjana karane meM ahama bhUmikA adA karate haiN| ina sabase prabhAvita hokara vyakti anAvazyaka bhogopabhoga karatA rahatA hai, jisakI jIvana meM koI vAstavika AvazyakatA to nahIM hotI, kintu inase vyakti kA samaya evaM sAmarthya sRjanAtmaka evaM racanAtmaka kAryoM ke bajAya nirarthaka kAryoM meM vyatIta ho jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI isIlie kahA gayA hai ki isa vizva meM aneka loga aise haiM, jo indriya-viSayoM ke bhogoM meM Asakta hokara apane manuSya-jIvana ko pramAda meM hI bitA dete haiN|52 (9) anukUlana (Adaptation) kI kSamatA kA hrAsa - upabhoktA saMskRti se prabhAvita hokara vyakti jyAdA se jyAdA sukha-suvidhAoM evaM vilAsitAoM kA AdI hotA jA rahA hai, jaise - vAtAnukUlita yantra (A.C.), vaoNTara kUlarsa, gIjara, svacAlita yantra, rimoTa kanTrola yantra, miksara, jyUsara, parivahana ke sAdhanoM Adi kA upayoga dinoMdina bar3hatA jA rahA hai| isa para bhI nae-nae maoNDaloM ke prayoga kI abhiruci bhI vizeSa rUpa se bar3ha rahI hai| vyakti purAne ke badale naI vastue~ kharIdane ke lie sadaiva lAlAyita rahatA hai| bhale hI vyakti ise apanA sTeTasa-simbala (Status Symbol) aura pragati kA sUcaka mAne, lekina isake duSpariNAmoM se vaha baca nahIM sktaa| udAharaNArtha - ___1) vyakti kA jIvana paravaza hotA jA rahA hai, jaise - gAr3I kharAba ho yA DrAyavara na ho, to AdhA 14 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 626 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #725
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kilomITara paidala jAnA bhI eka gambhIra samasyA bana jAtI hai / 2) vyakti kI sphUrti evaM custI dhIre-dhIre kama hotI jAtI hai, jaise- rimoTa kaMTrola kA prayoga karane vAlA vyakti sAmAnyataH uThane-baiThane kI kriyA meM bhI asahaja ho jAtA hai / 3) vyakti ke lie pratikUla prAkRtika parivartanoM ko saha pAnA bahuta muzkila ho jAtA hai, jaise vAtAnukUlita kAra kA prayoga karane vAle ko dhUpa meM paidala calanA bhI kaSTakArI lagatA hai| 4) aneka prakAra ke zArIrika roga, jaise moTApA, madhumeha Adi una vyaktiyoM meM adhika pA jAte haiM, jo parAvalambI evaM vilAsitAbhogI hote haiN| (10) anAvazyaka apavyaya upabhoktAvAda bacata ke bajAya kharce kI Adata ko hI protsAhita karatA hai aura usI ko rASTrIya - pragati kA mApadaNDa bhI mAnatA hai, kintu naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke AdhAra para dekheM, to upabhogoM meM kiyA jAne vAlA anAvazyaka apavyaya anucita hai| jo vyakti anucita apavyaya karatA hai, use apane sTeTasa ko banAe rakhane evaM bar3hAne ke lie utanI hI adhika arthopArjana sambandhI kriyAe~ bhI karanI par3atI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, ina kriyAoM ko karate hue use hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi aThAraha pApasthAnakoM kA sevana bhI karanA par3atA hai| sAtha hI adhika AkulatA, vyAkulatA evaM tanAvabharA jIvana bhI jInA par3atA hai| vastutaH, anAvazyaka upabhoga kevala artha kA hI apavyaya nahIM karatA, apitu jainadRSTi se dekheM, to naitika-AdhyAtmika mUlyoM tathA pUrvasaMcita puNya karmoM kA bhI apavyaya karatA hai| - - spaSTa hai ki jIvana meM avivekapUrNa DhaMga se bhogopabhoga hetu prerita karane vAlI upabhoktA - saMskRti vyakti aura samAja donoM ke lie ghAtaka hai| isase naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlya naSTaprAyaH ho jAte haiM aura vyakti kevala bhautikavAdI dRSTikoNa para AdhArita jIvanazailI apanA letA hai| isase use aura samAja ko gambhIra samasyAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai, ataH bhogopabhoga kA samyak prabandhana karake maryAdita evaM niyaMtrita bhogopabhoga karanA hI jIvana kA lakSya honA caahie| kahA bhI gayA hai. 627 viSaya bhoga saba hIna haiM, karo na inameM vAsa / 'sAdhaka' yoM baca jAegA, jIvana dhana kA nAza / / ,53 arthAt jo vivekI purUSa hote haiM, ve bhogoM ko bhogane ke pazcAt (samajha Ane para ) unheM chor3a dete haiM aura prasannatApUrvaka vicaraNa karate haiM / bhoge bhoccA vamittA ya lahubhUyavihAriNo / AmoyamANA gacchanti diyA kAmakamA iva / / prathamataH, jIvana jIne ke lie Avazyaka sAmagriyoM ko chor3akara zeSa bhoga-sAdhanoM meM nirantara kamI karate hue unase Upara uThanA hI Aja ekamAtra vikalpa hai| adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 15
Page #726
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11.5 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga-prabandhana bhogopabhoga kI samasyAoM evaM duSpariNAmoM kI carcA karane ke pazcAt unake samAdhAna ko khojanA Avazyaka hai, isa hetu jainaAcArazAstra arthAt jIvana-prabandhana zAstra ke jIvana-upayogI nIti-nirdeza hamAre mukhya AdhAra hoNge| jainaAcArazAstra kA prabandhana sambandhI eka pramukha sUtra hai ki sahI jAnanA, sahI mAnanA aura sahI jInA hI lakSya prApti kA sahI upAya hai| isa dRSTi se yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama sarvaprathama bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke siddhAntoM ko jAneM aura mAneM, phira unakA jIvana meM prayoga kreN| ataH bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI prakriyA ko hama do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM - prathama saiddhAntika pakSa hai, jisake AdhAra para hama vivekapUrvaka vizleSaNa karake samyaka dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura dvitIya prAyogika pakSa hai, jisake AdhAra para anAvazyaka bhogopabhoga se nivRtti aura Avazyaka bhogopabhoga meM pravRtti kI jA sakatI hai| 11.5.1 jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kA saiddhAntika pakSa bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie sabase pahale bhogopabhoga ke prati samyaka dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa karanA Avazyaka hai| isa hetu jIvana-prabandhaka ko apane saMkucita evaM bhramita dRSTikoNa ko chor3akara anekAnta-dRSTi se satya ko grahaNa karanA hogaa| Aja viDambanA yahI hai ki vyakti ne bhogopabhoga ke prati saMkucita dRSTikoNa apanAkara use kevala bAhya aindrika viSayoM se sambandhita mAna liyA hai, kintu yaha ucita nahIM hai| jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para dekheM, to bhogopabhoga ke viSaya aMtaraMga AtmA evaM bAhya jagat donoM se sambandhita hote haiM aura isI AdhAra para bhogopabhoga ke nimna bheda kie jA sakate haiM-56 __ vastutaH jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki bhoga evaM upabhoga to -- pratyeka AtmA kA abhinna guNa hai aura AtmA kI sabhI avasthAoM meM bAhyaviSayaka 16 kisI na kisI prakAra kA bhoga evaM upabhoga to hotA hI rahatA hai| | azuddhabhoga | zuddhabhoga / - jaba yaha bhogopabhoga kAmanAoM kA visarjana karate hue AtmaramaNatA azubhabhAga] zubhabhAga ke rUpa meM hotA hai, taba ise zuddha-bhogopabhoga kahA jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM yaha bhogopabhoga hI sarvottama hai, sarvathA AcaraNIya hai aura eka atyanta, atizayayukta, svAdhIna evaM avyAbAdha Atmasukha kI prApti karAne vAlA hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to yaha vaha avasthA hai, jisameM rAga-dveSa aura tajjanya icchAe~ naSTa ho jAtI haiM aura AtmA svayaM kI nirmala paryAyoM (Atma-zAnti) kA bhoga tathA svayaM ke hI jJAnAdi guNoM kA upabhoga karatI hai| isa zuddha bhogopabhoga kA gahana cintana-manana sahita prabandhanaviSayaka carcA adhyAya terahaveM meM kI jaaegii| jaba yaha bhogopabhoga AtmA ke bajAya pA~ca indriyoM aura mana ke viSayoM meM para-ramaNatA rUpa hotA jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 16 628 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #727
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai, taba use azuddha bhogopabhoga kahA jAtA hai| isake do prakAra haiM - azubha bhogopabhoga evaM zubha bhogopabhoga / vaha bhogopabhoga azubha kahalAtA hai, jisameM vyakti azubha bhAvoM se yukta hokara bAhya viSayoM meM tanmaya ho jAtA hai, jaise - kuvicAra, kusaMgati, kumArga meM lIna rhnaa| vaha bhogopabhoga zubha kahalAtA hai, jisameM vyakti zubha-bhAvoM se yukta hokara sAtvika pravRtiyoM meM tanmaya ho jAtA hai, jaise - arhad bhakti, guru upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa, dAna Adi meM lIna honaa| saMkSepa meM kaheM to, ina donoM hI bhogopabhoga meM rAga-dveSa evaM icchAoM kA sadbhAva to banA hI rahatA hai, phira bhI azubha-bhogopabhoga meM ye rAga-dveSa evaM icchAe~ asAtvika (aprazasta) hotI haiM aura citta kI AkulatA-vyAkulatA kA kAraNa banatI haiM, jabaki zubha-bhogopabhoga meM ye sAtvika (prazasta) hotI haiM aura prasannatA kA kAraNa banatI haiN| jainAcAryoM ne zubha-bhogopabhoga ko azubha-bhogopabhoga se Upara uThane evaM zuddha-bhogopabhoga meM sthira hone ke lie eka setu yA sAdhana ke samAna batAyA hai| isa zubha-bhogopabhoga kI vistRta carcA adhyAya bArahaveM meM kI jaaegii| jahA~ taka azubha-bhogopabhoga kA savAla hai, jainAcAryoM ne ise bhUmikAnusAra adhika se adhika maryAdita evaM niyaMtrita karane kA sadupadeza diyA hai| uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke nimnalikhita uddezyoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1) azubha-bhogopabhoga ko adhikAdhika maryAdita krnaa| 2) azubha-bhogopabhoga se nivRtti hetu zubha-bhogopabhoga meM pravRtta honA tathA zuddha bhogopabhoga kI prApti hetu zubha bhogopabhoga se nivRtta honaa| 3) anAsakti kI vRddhi karate hue zuddha-bhogopabhoga meM adhikAdhika ramaNa krnaa| jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para azubha, zubha aura zuddha bhogopabhoga kA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra haikra. vizeSatA /prakAra azubha-bhogopabhoga zubha-bhogopabhoga zuddha-bhogopabhoga 1) bhoga kA AdhAra (kSetra) bAhya pariveza bAhya pariveza aMtaraMga pariveza 2) bhoga ke pramukha sAdhana pA~ca indriyA~, mana evaM pA~ca indriyA~, mana evaM anya AtmA anya bAhya sAdhana bAhya sAdhana 3) bhoga kA tAtkAlika phala kabhI harSa, kabhI viSAda citta kI prasannatA 63 (aMzataH paramAnanda doSasahita) 4) bhoga kA dIrghakAlika phala durgatiyoM meM bhramaNa sadgatiyoM meM bhramaNa kA saMsAra-paribhramaNa se mukti 5) karma-bandhana kI dRSTi se pApa karma puNya karma bandhana mukta bhoga kA phala 6) bhoga kI dazA (bAhya) pravRtti rUpa pravRtti rUpa nivRtti rUpa 7) bhoga kI sarvathA heya kathaMcit heya evaM kathaMcit parama upAdeya ucitatA/anucitatA upAdeya 629 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana 17 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #728
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ azubha- bhogopabhoga, jo prastuta adhyAya kI mukhya viSaya-vastu hai, kI heyatA kA samyagjJAna hue binA bhogopabhoga kI maryAdA kI bAta karanA vyartha hogA / vastutaH, isa sandarbha meM adhikAMza logoM ke mana meM yaha bhrAmaka mAnyatA banI huI hai ki indriyoM ke madhura viSayoM ko bhogakara hI hameM sukha kI prApti hotI hai| yaha mAnyatA bhale hI kitanI bhI pragAr3ha kyoM na ho, jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM kisI bhI rUpa meM ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki sukha vastugata nahIM, Atmagata hai / yadi vyakti nimna binduoM kA vivekapUrNa cintana-manana kare, to nizcita hI use azubha bhogopabhogoM kI nirarthakatA evaM tucchatA kI samyak anubhUti ho sakegI 11.5.2 azubha bhogopabhoga kI nirarthakatA, jainadRSTi kA AdhAra yadyapi sukha kI kalpanA meM hI hama kAma - bhogoM kI abhilASA karate haiM aura kAma-bhogoM kI prApti hone para hameM sukha kI anubhUti bhI hotI hai, phira bhI yaha eka bhrama hai, kyoMki jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM ina kAma-bhogoM meM nimna kamiyA~ yA doSa haiM (1) kAma - bhogoM se prApta sukha saccA sukha nahIM indriyoM ke sparzAdi viSayoM ke sukha ko sukha kahanA hI galata hai, kyoMki isakA prArambha sadaiva caMcalatA, AturatA evaM duHkha se hI hotA hai| jaise hI koI viSaya yathArtha yA kalpanA rUpa meM hamAre samakSa upasthita hotA hai aura vaha priya lagane lagatA hai, vaise hI tRSNA kA janma hotA hai aura tRSNA ke sAtha hI duHkha kI paramparA prArambha ho jAtI hai| tRSNA kI pUrti ke lie vyakti ko kaI bAra athaka parizrama karanA evaM kaSTa sahanA par3atA hai, phira bhI kaI bAra abhISTa bhogoM kI prApti nahIM ho paatii| kaI bAra svayaM ko prApta na hokara kisI anya ko prApta ho jAte haiN| ina saba sthitiyoM meM vyakti duHkhI aura becaina hotA rahatA hai, taba kaise hama ina bhogoM ko sukha rUpa kaha sakate haiM? -- 65 kadAcit abhISTa bhogoM kI prApti ho bhI jAtI hai, taba bhI inakA sevana karane para jo sukha prApta hotA hai, vaha sthAyI nahIM hotA, apitu bijalI kI camaka ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura hotA hai|' vyakti jitanA-jitanA isakA sevana karate jAtA hai, utanA - utanA sukha kama hotA calA jAtA hai aura eka sImA ke pazcAt yaha duHkha kA hetu bana jAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai" 18 vyakti bhale hI hAthI, ghor3e, dhana, vaibhava Adi bhoga sAmagriyA~ prApta kara le, to bhI pApa karmoM kA Adi) ke prApta hone para vaha ina sAmagriyA~ bhI usakA saMrakSaNa udaya hone para arthAt pratikUla paristhitiyoM (roga, zoka, duHkha, mRtyu bhogoM kA svAmI hotA huA bhI asahAya evaM balahIna ho jAtA hai| karane meM samartha nahIM hotii| kabhI vyakti inheM chor3akara calA jAtA hai, to kabhI ye vyakti ko chor3akara calI jAtI haiN| 7 sukha prApta karatAM sukha TaLe che, leza e lakSe laho / kSaNa-kSaNa bhayaMkara bhAva maraNe, kAM aho rAcI raho? jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 630
Page #729
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ,68 bhale hI isa sukha ko sukha kyoM na kahA jAe, parantu isa sukha meM sadaiva apUrNatA banI rahatI hai aura apUrNatA kabhI bhI sukha rUpa nahIM hotI, kyoMki jahA~ cAha hai, vahA~ cintA hai aura jahA~ cintA hai, vahA~ tanAva yA duHkha hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtrakAra kahate haiM ki 'vyakti kI kAmanAe~ AkAza ke samAna asIma haiM aura isa saMsAra ke sAdhana sImita haiM, ataH yadi kisI vyakti ko sampUrNa pRthvI bhI de dI . to bhI icchAoM ko paripUrNa karane arthAt use pUrNa sukhI karane meM vaha samartha nahIM hai| jo sukha paripUrNa na ho aura jise pAne ke pazcAt bhI nizcintatA na ho, apitu navIna sukha kI tRSNA banI rahe, use hama saccA sukha kaise kaha sakate haiM? jAe, vyakti isa indriyAzrita evaM padArthAzrita sukha ko bhale hI sukha mAne, lekina jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM, yaha sukha sukha nahIM, apitu duHkha hI hai, kyoMki yahA~ parAdhInatA hai aura jahA~ parAdhInatA hai, vahA~ duHkha hI duHkha hai / yaha parAdhIna aura apUrNa sukha bhI taba prApta hotA hai, jaba kucha puNya kA udaya ho aura indriyA~ bhalIbhA~ti bhogAnukUla kArya karatI hoM / aneka bhogIpurUSa vRddhAvasthA Ane para isIlie duHkhI rahate haiM, kyoMki aba na to unakI indriyA~ vyavasthita kArya karatI haiM aura na hI unheM bhogoM ke sevana ke lie svatantratA mila pAtI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai 'parAdhIna sapanehu~ sukha nAhIM' / " 69 adhyAtmayogI zrImaddevacandrajI isa viSaya - sukha kI tucchatA ko pratipAdita karate hue kahate haiM ki isa sukha ko bhoganA vyartha hai, kyoMki ye viSaya - sAmagriyA~ jar3a haiM, calAyamAna haiM aura kaiyoM ke dvArA pUrva meM bhogakara parityAga kI huI jUThana haiN| unake anusAra, cetana hokara jar3a bhogoM kA bhoga karanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki haMsa bhI motI ko chor3akara kUr3A-karkaTa, kIcar3a Adi kutsita vastuoM meM coMca nahIM mArA krtaa| 71 jar3a cala jaganI aiMThano, na ghaTe tujane bhoga ho mitta / ina bhogoM se prApta sukha ko hama avyAbAdha sukha bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki ina sukhoM kA sevana karate hue koI na koI bAdhA to upasthita hotI hI rahatI hai roga, to kabhI zoka Adi / 2 jahA~ bAdhAe~ AtI haiM, usa sukha ko kabhI bhUkha, to kabhI pyAsa, kabhI sukha kI saMjJA kaise dI jA sakatI hai? ina bhogoM se vyAkula vyakti kI sthiti isa prakAra hotI hai ki vaha jitanA - jitanA bhoga karatA jAtA hai, usakI bhoga- tRSNA bhI utanI - utanI bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| yadi koI eka bAra strI kA bhoga karatA hai, to bAra-bAra bhoganA cAhatA hai, yadi eka bAra miThAI khAtA hai, to bAra-bAra khAne kI icchA karatA hai, eka bAra koI sugandha letA hai, to bAra-bAra sugandha lene kI icchA karatA hai ityAdi / 73 jisa prakAra se khujalI kA rogI khujalAne para duHkha ko bhI sukha mAnatA hai, parantu usakA duHkha aura adhika bar3ha jAtA hai, usI prakAra se kAma-bhogoM kI sthiti bhI hotI hai, ataH aise sukha ko kyA sukha mAnanA / ' 631 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 19
Page #730
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ socA karatA hU~ bhogoM se, bujha jAegI icchA jvaalaa| pariNAma nikalatA hai lekina, mAno pAvaka meM ghI ddaalaa|| isa bhoga ko sukha rUpa isalie bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isa sukha kI prApti, saMrakSaNa evaM saMvarddhana Adi ke lie vyakti ko naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI bhI upekSA karanI par3atI hai| jisa sukha ko pAne ke lie vyakti dUsaroM ko duHkhI kare, use sukha kaise kahA jAe? athavA jisakI prApti ke lie hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi pApAcAroM kA sevana karanA par3e, use sukha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? bhogoM kA sevana karate hue mAnavIya saMvedanAe~ kisa hada taka gira jAtI haiM, isakA eka jvalanta udAharaNa svIDana nivAsI isAkina jaoNnasana (32 varSa) hai, jisane apanI premikA (40 varSa) ko akAraNa hI bar3I berahamI se mAra DAlA aura kicana meM jAkara usake aMgoM ko pakAkara khA liyaa| jisameM pavitratA evaM naitikatA kA apalApa hotA ho, aise sukha kI kyA kImata? isa prakAra, yaha mAnanA hogA ki azubha-bhogoM ke sevana se prApta sukha anitya, azaraNa, atRptikAraka, pApavardhaka, parAzrita, calAyamAna, loka-jUThana, apUrNa, caMcala, jar3a-rUpa evaM anaitika Adi anekAneka doSoM se yukta hotA hai aura isIlie jainAcAryoM ne bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie isa doSapUrNa sukha se nivRtta hone kA dRSTikoNa banAne hetu bala diyA hai| (2) azubha-bhogopabhoga se sukha nahIM, sukhAbhAsa kI prApti - bhogopabhoga ke bAre meM hamArA yaha mAnanA bhI galata hai ki bhogoM se sukha prApta hotA hai, vastutaH jainAcArya yaha mAnate haiM ki sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa bAhya vastu, vyakti yA paristhiti nahIM, apitu hama svayaM hI haiN|" bhogopabhoga kA aura adhika vizleSaNa kareM, to cAra prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiM - 1) bAhya jagat se sukha kI prApti athavA 2) bAhya jagat se duHkha kI prApti athavA 3) bAhya jagat se kabhI sukha - kabhI duHkha kI prApti athavA 4) bAhya jagat se na sukha, na duHkha kI prApti inameM se prathama tIna prakAra kI mAnyatA vAle vyakti bAhya jagat ke bhogoM se prabhAvita hokara sukha-duHkhamaya jIvana bitAte rahate haiM, kintu antima mAnyatA vAle vyakti saMsAra ke bhogoM se anAsakta hokara jIvana-yApana karate haiM aura Atmasukha kI prApti karate rahate haiN| bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI dRSTi se yaha cauthA dRSTikoNa hI anukaraNIya hai| prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jaba bAhya bhogoM meM sukha-duHkha nahIM hai, to inakA sevana karate hue sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti kyoM aura kaise hotI hai? isa prazna kA nirAkaraNa karane hetu AdhyAtmika-dRSTi se bhogopabhoga kI prakriyA kA vizleSaNa karanA Avazyaka hogaa| sarvaprathama indriya athavA mana ke mAdhyama se sparzAdi viSayoM kA jJAna hotA hai, tatpazcAt aMtaraMga 20 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 632 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #731
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ meM isakA vizleSaNa prArambha ho jAtA hai aura viSayoM ke prati priya-apriya, iSTa-aniSTa, anukUla-pratikUla, lAbhadAyaka-hAnikAraka Adi bhAvanAe~ utpanna ho jAtI haiN| yahIM se rAga-dveSa rUpa tRSNA (icchA) kA jAgaraNa hotA hai, jo krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhAdi aneka rUpoM meM abhivyakta hotI hai| bArambAra hone vAle avivekapUrNa cintana evaM bAhya-viSayoM se sukha-prApti ke bhramita dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa yaha tRSNA bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| isase bhItara meM atRpti, asantuSTi evaM caMcalatA kA janma hotA hai, jisase chUTakArA pAne ke lie vyakti indriya-bhogoM ke prati AkarSita hotA hai| indriya-bhogoM kA sevana karate hue hameM ajJAna evaM bhrama ke kAraNa yaha mahasUsa hotA hai ki jisa vastu ko bhogane kI pUrva meM abhilASA kI thI, use hamane bhoga liyA hai aura yaha vicAra hI hamAre bhItara utpanna huI tRSNA ko samApta kara detA hai| isa kAraNa se pUrva meM utpanna huI icchA, duHkha, caMcalatA aura asantuSTi bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| ise hI lokavyavahAra meM bhogoM ke dvArA tRSNA kI pUrti evaM tajjanya sukha kI prApti kahA jAtA hai| yadi isa pUrI prakriyA kA sUkSma cintana kiyA jAe, to yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki hameM bhogoM se sukha nahIM milatA, apitu bhogoM kA sevana karate hue bhItara meM icchA kI jo samApti hotI hai, usI se sukha milatA hai, jabaki bhramavaza hama yaha mAna lete haiM ki bhogoM ne hameM sukhI kiyA hai| vastutaH, hama svayaM kI icchAoM kI utpatti se duHkhI aura icchAoM kI samApti se sukhI hote rahate haiN| saca to yaha hai ki bAhya bhoga kA sevana aura aMtaraMga tRSNA kI tuSTi donoM sarvathA bhinna-bhinna haiM, kintu mohavaza ina donoM meM kAraNa-kArya sambandha mAna liyA jAtA hai| yaha vaisI hI sthiti hai, jaise sUkhI haDDI ko cabAtA huA kuttA usakI tIkhI nokoM se apanA talavA kaTa jAne para svayaM ke hI rudhira kA rasapAna kara haDDI se sukhI hone kA bhrama paidA kara letA hai| yadi maithuna-sevana, mAdaka-dravya-sevana, svAdiSTa bhojana Adi kI prakriyAoM meM hama sukha milane ke mUla kAraNa ko DhU~Dhe, to hameM nizcita hI yaha mahasUsa hogA ki ina bhogoM se sukha nahIM milatA, apitu tRSNA kI jyoM-jyoM samApti hotI jAtI hai, tyoM-tyoM sukha kI anubhUti hotI jAtI hai| ina bAhya bhogoM kI asAratA ke kAraNa hI jainAcAryoM ne bhogopabhoga kI abhivRddhi ke bajAya unheM maryAdita karane hetu nirdeza die haiN| unake dvArA nirdiSTa sAdhanA mArga yahI hai ki pahale icchAoM ko sAtvika karo, phira saMkSipta karo aura anta meM samApta kro| isa prakAra jaise-jaise icchAe~ maryAdita hotI jAe~gI, vaise-vaise bAhya bhogoM kI AvazyakatAe~ bhI sImita hotI jaaeNgii| 633 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana 21 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #732
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) azubha bhogopabhoga se duHkha hI duHkha - bhogopabhoga ke bAre meM kevala itanA hI mAna lenA paryApta nahIM hogA ki ve sukha ke bajAya sukhAbhAsa (kAlpanika sukha) dete haiN| vastutaH, jainAcAryoM kI yaha dRr3ha mAnyatA hai ki viSaya-bhogoM kI lAlasA ke kAraNa vyakti ko apAra duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN|' uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa kahA hai ki ye kAmabhoga bhale hI manojJa evaM manorama mahasUsa hote hoM, kintu ye kiMpAka ke jaharIle phaloM ke samAna hote haiM, jo dikhane meM to bar3e rasIle aura sundara hote haiM, kintu pariNAma meM jIvana kA hI nAza kara dete haiN| Aja eDsa rogiyoM kI atyanta duHkhada sthiti sahaja hI isa bAta ko dyotita karatI hai ki viSaya-bhoga kisa hada taka vyakti ko duHkhI banA sakate haiN| indriya sukha kI kAmanA, upajAtI hai rog| 'sAdhaka' saMyama sAdhalo, tana mana rahe nirog||1 saccAI yaha hai ki ina kAmabhogoM kA sevana karate hue alpakAla kA sukhAbhAsa milane ke atirikta hameM duHkha hI duHkha milatA hai| jainAcArya kahate haiM ki ina kAmabhogoM kA sevana karane ke pUrva, sevana karate hue aura sevana karane ke pazcAt bhI cirakAla taka hameM duHkha hI prApta hotA hai,82 jaise hI vyakti meM bhogoM kI tRSNA utpanna hotI hai, vaise hI usakA duHkha bhI prArambha ho jAtA hai aura jaise-jaise tRSNA bar3hatI hai, duHkha bhI bar3hatA calA jAtA hai, yaha tRSNArUpI jvara satata prANI ko santapta karatA rahatA hai| isa tRSNA se vyAkula prANI apane tApa ko miTAne ke lie indriya-bhogoM meM pravartita hotA hai| use yaha bhrama hotA hai ki bhogoM ko bhogane se tRSNA miTa jAegI, parantu ina bhogoM ko bhogate hue bhI tRSNA miTatI nahIM hai| kabhI bhoga-sAdhanoM ke viyoga kA bhaya satAtA hai,84 to kabhI dUsare sAdhanoM ko bhogane kI tRSNA jAga jAtI hai| cUMki eka samaya meM eka hI viSaya bhogA jA sakatA hai,85 ataH vyakti dvandvAtmaka sthiti meM becaina hotA rahatA hai| isI prakAra vaha kabhI bhogoM kI mAtrA (Quantity), kabhI guNavattA (Quality), kabhI vividhatA (Variety), kabhI vighna bAdhAoM Adi se asantuSTa banA rahatA hai aura isIlie sevana-kAla meM bhI use pUrNa tRpti nahIM hotii| bhogoM kA sevana karane ke pazcAt bhI athavA bhoga sAmagriyoM kA asamaya viyoga ho jAne para bhI vyakti duHkhI ho jAtA hai| kahA gayA hai - 'jo sukha (sukhAbhAsa) bhogoM kA sevana karate hue milatA hai, usase kaI gunA adhika duHkha bhogoM kA viyoga hone para prApta hotA hai| 86 vAstava meM vyakti bhogoM kA AdI ho jAne se unheM chor3anA hI nahIM cAhatA, phira bhI ye daivavaza chUTa jAte haiM aura isase vaha atyanta duHkhI ho uThatA hai| Aja dhUmrapAna, guTakhA, madyapAna, hukkA-sevana (zIzA), brAuna zugara Adi kI dustyAjyatA se kauna paricita nahIM hai? bhogoM ke sevana se manda duHkha to hotA hI hai, parantu kaI bAra tIvra duHkha evaM yAtanAe~ bhI sahanI par3atI haiN| bhoga-tRSNA ke vaza vyakti ghora se ghora pApakarma kara baiThatA hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa use sAmAjika badanAmI, pArivArika dhikkAra, kArAvAsa, prANadaNDa Adi sajAe~ bhI bhugatanI par3atI haiN|87 ataH isa bAta se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki bhogoM se duHkha hI duHkha prApta hotA hai| 22 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 634 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #733
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhogoM ke vyasanoM se jakar3A huA vyakti kisa prakAra apanA jIvana naSTa karatA hai, ise hama anya prANiyoM ke dRSTAnta ke mAdhyama se samajha sakate haiM - sparzendriya ke vazIbhUta hokara kAmAndha hAthI gaDDhe meM girakara zikArI ke bandhana meM pha~sa jAte haiM, rasanendriya ke vazIbhUta machaliyA~ kA~Te meM pha~sakara mRtyu ko prApta hotI haiM, bhramara gandha ke rasika hokara kamala ke bhItara hI mara jAte haiM, pataMge netrendriya ke vazIbhUta hokara dIpaka kI lau meM jalakara mara jAte haiM aura hiraNa saMgIta meM mugdha hokara apane prANa ga~vA dete haiN| jaba eka-eka indriyoM ke viSaya-bhoga hI itane duHkhadAyI haiM, to pA~ca-pA~ca indriyoM ke lolupI banakara kitanA duHkha bhoganA par3egA, yaha eka socanIya viSaya hai| yaha mAnyatA bhI ucita nahIM hai ki jo bhoga vartamAna meM prApta haiM, unheM bhoga lenA cAhie, kyoMki paraloka kisane dekhA hai| jainAcArya spaSTa kahate haiM ki viSayabhogoM kA sevana rAgapUrvaka hotA hai aura jahA~ rAga hai, vahA~ karmoM kA bandhana bhI avazya hogA, isIlie yaha mAnanA cAhie ki bhale hI hama bhogoM ko ha~sate-ha~sate kyoM na bhogeM, lekina inase bandhane vAle pApoM ke udaya se hameM ro-ro kara bhI chuTakArA nahIM mila skegaa| vastutaH, vairI to isa jIvana meM hI duHkhI karatA hai, kintu bhoga to karor3oM janmoM taka duHkhI karate rahate haiN|" isa jIvana meM pApoM ko bA~dhakara vyakti cAroM gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA huA ananta duHkhoM ko prApta karatA hai| vaha naraka meM ghora vedanAoM ko, pazu tathA mAnavagati meM duHkhoM ko evaM devagati meM durbhAgya ko prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra, ye kAma-bhoga kSaNabhara ke lie sukha rUpa pratIta hote hue bhI vAstava meM sukha rUpa to nahIM hote, ulTA cirakAla taka duHkha dete rahate haiN|94 kahA bhI gayA hai - anaMta saukhya nAma duHkha, tyAM rahI na mitrtaa| anaMta duHkha nAma saukhya, prema tyAM vicitrtaa|| ughADa nyAya-netra ne nihALa re! nihALa tuN| nivRtti zIghrameva dhArI te pravRtti bALa tu|| arthAt yaha vicitratA hai ki jahA~ (AtmA meM) ananta sukha hai, vahA~ duHkha mAnakara yaha jIva mitratA nahIM kara rahA hai aura jahA~ (bhogoM meM) ananta duHkha hai, vahA~ sukha mAnakara prema kara rahA hai| re jIva! apane viveka-cakSu khola aura ina bhogoM ke duSpariNAmoM ko jAnakara inase nivRtta ho| isa prakAra, hamane bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke samyak dRSTikoNa ke nirdhAraNa hetu AdhyAtmika dRSTi se cintana kiyA aura bhogoM kI asAratA kA nirNaya kiyaa| yaha isa bAta ke lie prerita karatA hai ki viSaya-bhogoM kI vastusthiti kA saccA bodha hone para sAdhaka ko inase virakta ho jAnA caahie| kahA bhI gayA hai - jayA puNNaM ca pAvaM ca, bandhaM mokkhaM ca jaanni| tayA nivviMdie bhoe, je divve je ya maannuse|| 635 adhyAya 11: bhogopabhoga-prabandhana 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #734
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ arthAt ina tuccha bhogoM ke kaTu pariNAmoM ko jAnakara sAdhaka sahaja hI daivIya evaM mAnavIya viSaya-bhogoM se virakta ho jAtA hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki jJAna kA sAra 'AcaraNa' hI hai, 97 tathApi sabhI vyakti viSayabhogoM se sarvathA virakta nahIM ho sakate, ataH jainaAcArazAstroM meM bhogopabhoga ko maryAdita evaM niyaMtrita karane kA dizA-nirdeza bhI diyA gayA hai| ise jAnane ke lie hameM bhogopabhoga - prabandhana ke prAyogika pakSa ko samajhanA hogA aura yaha dekhanA hogA ki kisa prakAra se aura kisa krama se vyakti ko apanI bhUmikAnusAra yaha azubha- bhogopabhoga se nivRtti aura zubha- bhogopabhoga rUpI setu ke dvArA zuddha-bhogopabhoga meM pravRtti karanI cAhie / yahA~ zuddha-bhogopabhoga se hamArA tAtparya anAsaktipUrvaka hone vAlI sahaja anubhUti kA AsvAdana hai / 24 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 636
Page #735
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11.6 bhogopabhoga - prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 11.6.1 bhogopabhoga - prabandhana ke lie vastuoM kA samyak vizleSaNa karanA bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie bhogopabhoga kI sAmagriyoM kA samyak vizleSaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| isa hetu hameM pUrva nirdiSTa saiddhAntika bodha ke AdhAra para apane Agraha evaM Asakti ko alaga karake jIvana-vyavahAra meM prayoga kI jA rahI bhogopabhoga kI vastuoM kA samyak vargIkaraNa karanA hogA / vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra nimna haiM (ka) sparzAdi indriyoM evaM mana ke viSayoM ke AdhAra para jaisA ki pUrva meM batAyA gayA hai ki hama jitanA bhI bhogopabhoga karate haiM, vaha mUlatayA sparza, rasa (svAda), gandha, rUpa, zabda evaM bhAva se sambandhita hI hotA hai, ataH hama jIvana - vyavahAra meM prayojya sAmagriyoM ko ina viSayoM ke AdhAra para nimnatayA vargIkRta kara sakate haiM 3) gandha 4) rUpa pa kra. viSaya vivaraNa 1) sparza strI-purUSa AliMgana, hITara, kUlara, e.sI., paMkhA, zayyA, sophe Adi / 2) svAda sabhI prakAra ke khAdya evaM peya padArtha tathA inheM taiyAra karane meM sahAyaka upakaraNa (ka) azana (kha) pAna 5) zabda 6) bhAva - 637 -- sabhI prakAra ke anAja, kaThola, vigaI, sabjI Adi bhUkha miTAne vAle padArtha / pyAsa bujhAne vAle sabhI prakAra ke tarala padArtha, jaise pAnI evaM mANDa, khajUra, kakar3I Adi kA rasa / (ga) khAdima sabhI prakAra ke phala, meve evaM sike hue anAja Adi, jinase thor3A AdhAra milatA hai, kintu bhUkha pUrNa zAnta nahIM hotii| (gha) svAdima - tambola, supArI, jAyaphala, ilAicI, lavaMga, soMTha, pIpala, haraDe Adi svAda hetu prayoga meM lie jAne vAle padArtha / itra, puSpa, vilepana, prasAdhana-sAmagrI (DIoNDreTa, pAuDara Adi), dhUpa Adi / TI.vI., vastra, jUte-cappala, elbama, darpaNa, zrRMgAra-prasAdhana (lipasTika, nelapaoNliza Adi), gemsa, sinemA, darzanIya sthala, nATaka, nRtya, sajAvaTa, kampyUTara, upanyAsa, kaoNmiksa Adi / saMgIta, vAdyayantra, TI.vI., calacitra, reDiyo, bhASaNa, vArtAlApa, mobAIla, lAuDa spIkara Adi / atIta ke priya apriya bhogoM kA smaraNa, varttamAna ke bhogoM ke bAre meM cintana-manana bhaviSya ke bhogoM kI kalpanA ityAdi / uparyukta sparzAdi viSayoM ke AdhAra para hama sthUla rUpa se vastuoM kA vargIkaraNa kara sakate haiN| isameM kaI sAmagriyA~ eka se adhika indriyoM kA viSaya bana sakatI haiM, kintu sulabhatA ke lie yahA~ para unheM kisI eka indriya kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 25
Page #736
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (kha) mahattva ke AdhAra para - vyakti ke jIvana-stara, usakI AvazyakatAoM kI tIvratA evaM sukhI-duHkhI karane kI kSamatA ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga ke sAdhanoM ko pA~ca zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1) anivArya vastue~ (Necessaries) 4) vilAsitAe~ (Luxuries) 2) suvidhAdAyI vastue~ (Comforts) 5) anupayogI vastue~ (Useless) 3) pratiSThAdAyI vastue~ (Prestigious) 1) anivArya vastue~ - ye ve vastue~ haiM - i) jo jIvana astitva ko surakSita rakhatI haiN| ii) jinake milane para kAryakSamatA meM vRddhi hotI hai aura na milane para kmii| iii) jinakA upabhoga karane para sAmAnyatayA thor3A sukha milatA hai aura nahIM karane para bahuta adhika duHkha hotA hai| iv) jaise - bhojana, vastra, makAna Adi jIvana-astitva sambandhI evaM pauSTika dUdha, phala __ Adi kAryakSamatA meM vRddhi sambandhI vstueN| 2) suvidhAdAyI vastue~ - ye ve vastue~ haiM - i) jinakI jIvana-astitva ke lie koI upayogitA nahIM hotii| ii) jinake milane para kAryakSamatA meM vizeSa vRddhi hotI hai| iii) jinakA upabhoga karane para kucha adhika sukha milatA hai aura nahIM karane para thor3A duHkha hotA hai| iv) jaise - vidyArthI ke lie mobAIla, DaoNkTara ke lie kAra aadi| 3) pratiSThAdAyI vastue~ - ye ve vastue~ haiM - i) jinase sAmAjika mAna-sammAna, pratiSThA Adi kI prApti hotI hai| ii) jo jIvana-astitva ke lie Avazyaka nahIM hotii| ii) jinake milane para kAryakSamatA meM na vRddhi hotI hai aura na haani| iv) jinakA upabhoga karane para kRtrima sukha (ahaM ke poSaNa se) milatA hai aura na karane para kRtrima duHkha (ahaM ko Thesa lagane se)| v) jaise - atithi satkAra hetu supArI-pAna, bahumUlya vastuoM se sajA zo-kesa, kRtrima jharanA, sajAvaTa aadi| 4) vilAsitAe~ - ye ve vastue~ haiM - ___i) jinameM se kucha jIvana-astitva ke lie kevala anAvazyaka (Unnecessary) hotI haiM, jaise - sone kI ghar3I, cena Adi, jabaki kucha to anAvazyaka ke sAtha hAnikAraka (Harmful) bhI, jaise - zarAba , tambAkU aadi| 26 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 638 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #737
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ii) jinake milane para kAryakSamatA meM vRddhi bhI nahIM hotI aura na milane para hAni bhI nahIM hotI, kintu zarAba Adi hAnikAraka vilAsitAoM ke milane para hAni aura na milane para apratyakSa lAbha hotA hai| iii) jinakA upabhoga karane para bahuta adhika Ananda kI prApti kA AbhAsa (bhrama) hotA hai aura ___ na milane para bahuta thor3A duHkha hotA hai| iv) jaise - kImatI AbhUSaNa, zAnadAra baMgalA, mAdaka dravya aadi| 5) anupayogI vastue~ - ye ve vastue~ haiM - i) jo jIvana-vyavahAra meM akAraNa/avicArapUrvaka upayoga meM A rahI haiN| ii) jinakI jIvana-astitva ke lie koI upayogitA nahIM hotii| iii) jinake milane aura na milane se kAryakSamatA meM kiMcit bhI parivartana nahIM aataa| iv) jinakA upabhoga karane aura na karane se koI sukha-duHkha kI prApti nahIM hotii| v) jaise - andha vyakti ke lie darpaNa, anapar3ha ke lie kampyUTara aadi| (Adhunika arthazAstrI bhI bhogopabhoga kI vividha vastuoM kA anivArya , suvidhA tathA vilAsitA - ina tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhAjana karate haiN|99) smaraNa rahe ki bhogopabhoga kA uparyukta vargIkaraNa sApekSa hai, nirapekSa nhiiN| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo vastu eka vyakti ke lie anivArya hai, dUsare ke lie vahI suvidhA aura tIsare ke lie vilAsitA yA anya ho sakatI hai| deza, kAla evaM paristhiti meM parivartana ke AdhAra para eka hI vyakti ke lie eka hI vastu kabhI anivArya ho jAtI hai, to kabhI suvidhA aura kabhI pratiSThAdi, jaise-zugara kI bImArI ke pUrva miSThAnna Adi anivArya ho sakate haiM, kintu bAda meM anupyogii| prazamaratigraMtha meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki koI bhI vastu sarvathA kalpya (prayojya) nahIM hotI, apitu deza, kAla, kSetra, purUSa, avasthA, upaghAta aura zuddha pariNAmoM kA vicAra karake kalpya (prayojya) hotI hai|100 ataH bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kA lakSya hai ki jIvana-prabandhaka samyagjJAna ko AdhAra banAkara ucita vizleSaNa kare aura apanI zakti-anusAra vilAsitAdi anAvazyakatAoM kA sImAMkana kre| (ga) naitika, AdhyAtmika evaM jaivika mUlyoM ke AdhAra para - AvazyakatAoM kA yaha tIsarA, kintu atyanta mahattvapUrNa vargIkaraNa hai| isameM naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke AdhAra para hama bhogopabhoga kI vastuoM kA vibhAjana karate haiN| ye mUlya isa prakAra haiM - 1) hiMsAdi pApoM kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para vibhaajn| 2) aMtaraMga bhAvoM yA pariNAmoM (rAga-dveSAdi) kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para vibhaajn| 3) AdatoM (Habits/saMskAroM) meM hone vAle bigAr3a kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para vibhAjana / 4) samaya ke apavyaya kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para vibhaajn| 5) dhana aura zrama ke apavyaya kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para vibhaajn| 639 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #738
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uparyukta binduoM ke AdhAra para hameM bhogopabhoga kI prakriyA se ho rahI bahuAyAmI hAniyoM para dRSTi DAlakara yaha nirNaya karanA cAhie ki kauna-se bhoga tIvra hAnikAraka haiM aura kauna-se manda | jainadRSTi kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki hameM una bhogopabhogoM kA pahale niSedha karanA cAhie, jinake pariNAma adhika nukasAnakArI haiN| udAharaNArtha koI vyakti camar3e ke jUte bhI pahana sakatA hai aura phoma ke bhii| yahA~ naitika mUlyoM ke AdhAra para use camar3e ke jUtoM kA tyAga karake phoma ke jUtoM ko svIkAra karanA caahie| isI prakAra samaya, dhana, AdatoM evaM sabase mahattvapUrNa aMtaraMga pariNAmoM ke AdhAra para use pratyeka vastu kA vizleSaNa karanA cAhie / 11.6.2 bhogopabhoga- prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka aura anAvazyaka vastuoM kA samyak nirNaya karanA pUrva meM hamane bhogopabhoga ke prati jo samIcIna dRSTikoNa banAyA hai aura vastuoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai, usa AdhAra para yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama vastuoM kI ucitatA evaM anucitatA kA nirdhAraNa kareM / jainadarzana meM ucita evaM anucita ke nirNaya ko pUrNa prAthamikatA pradAna kI gaI hai| jainAcAryoM ne anucita kRtyoM ko 'anarthadaNDa' kahakara unakA niSedha kiyA hai aura ucita kRtyoM ko 'Avazyaka' kahakara unheM avazyakaraNIya mAnA hai / apanI icchAoM athavA AdatoM ke AdhAra para nahIM, kintu samyagjJAna ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga kI sAmagriyoM ke tIna vibhAga kie jA sakate haiN| 1) atyAvazyaka bhogopabhoga ve bhogopabhoga, jinake saMskAra atigAr3ha haiM evaM jinheM hama na to chor3a sakate haiM aura na hI sImita kara sakate haiN| 2 ) Avazyaka bhogopabhoga ve bhogopabhoga, jinheM hama chor3a to nahIM sakate, kintu maryAdita (sImita) avazya kara sakate haiN| 3) anAvazyaka bhogopabhoga ve bhogopabhoga, jinheM hama sImita hI nahIM, apitu pUrNatayA chor3a bhI sakate haiN| , isa prakAra, uparyukta tInoM vibhAgoM ke AdhAra para hameM ucita cayana prakriyA (Selection Process) apanAkara 'atyAvazyaka bhogopabhogoM' ko karate hue bhI unake prati kheda niMdA, garhA Adi bhAva rakhanA, 'Avazyaka bhogopabhogoM' kA ucita sImAkaraNa karanA tathA 'anAvazyaka bhogopabhogoM' kA pUrNa tyAga karanA cAhie / bhogopabhogoM ko kramazaH maryAdita karane kI sAdhanA karate hue varttamAna jo atyAvazyaka haiM, unheM Avazyaka aura jo Avazyaka haiM, unheM anAvazyaka kI zreNI meM lAkara tyAga karane kA prayatna karanA cAhie / yahI bhogopabhoga - prabandhana kA prAyogika rUpa hai / 28 -- jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 640
Page #739
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11.6.3 bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI prakriyA jaba bhI bhogopabhoga sambandhI paristhiti nirmita hotI hai, taba hama nimna prakAra se cintana kara sakate haiM, jo hameM bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI samyak dizA meM agrasara karegA - (ka) samyagdRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para cintana - hameM sarvaprathama bhogopabhoga kI niHsAratA evaM duHkhadAyakatA kA cintana karanA hogA aura yadi sambhava ho to usakA parityAga bhI karanA hogaa| (kha) indriya-viSaya sambandhI vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para cintana - yadi bhogopabhoga kI tRSNA uparyukta cintana dvArA zAnta na ho sake, to hameM yaha cintana karanA hogA ki yaha bhogavizeSa kauna-sI indriya kA viSaya hai aura isa bhoga ke dvArA hamAre zArIrika svAsthya, pArivArika sambandhoM aura sAmAjika-pratiSThAdi para kyA-kyA hAnikAraka prabhAva par3egeM? jaisA ki pUrva meM batAyA jA cukA hai ki eka-eka indriya ke bhoga meM pha~sakara pazu gati ke prANI apane prANa taka ga~vA dete haiM, ataH hama yaha cintana kara sakate haiM ki hameM isa indriya-viSaya ke AkarSaNa meM nahIM pha~sanA hai| isa prakAra hama indriya-viSayoM kI niHsAratA ke dvArA bhogecchA kA pratikAra kara sakate haiN| (ga) anivArya Adi pA~coM vastuoM sambandhI vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para cintana - yadi bhogopabhoga sambandhI tRSNA uparyukta cintana se bhI zAnta na ho, to hameM punaH yaha cintana karanA hogA ki vAstavikatA meM yaha bhoga mere lie anivArya hai yA suvidhA hai yA any| yadi yaha nirNaya ho ki yaha bhoga anupayogI hai yA vilAsitA hai yA pratiSThAdAyI mAtra hai, to usakI heyatA ko samajhakara usakA parityAga karanA cAhie, bhale hI vaha vastu hameM sugamatA se kyoM na upalabdha ho| yadi vaha vastu suvidhA rUpa mahasUsa ho, to bhI cintana karanA cAhie ki 'kahIM yaha merI kamajorI to nahIM hai' aura sambhava ho, to usakA parityAga athavA sImAkaraNa avazya kara lenA caahie| yadi vaha vastu anivArya bhAsita ho, to bhI yaha socanA Avazyaka hogA ki yaha sacamuca meM anivArya hai yA merI vikRta jIvanazailI se anivArya bana gaI hai| aisA cintana karate hue ise bhI yathAzakti maryAdita karane kA prayatna karanA caahie| (gha) naitika, AdhyAtmika evaM jaivika mUlyoM ke AdhAra para cintana - yadi uparyukta vizleSaNa dvArA bhI bhoga-icchA pUrNa athavA AMzika zAnta na ho, to yaha cintana karanA ki isa bhoga meM kitane jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai (vastu ke nirmANa se lekara upabhoga kI prakriyA tk)| yaha cintana bhI jarurI hogA ki isa bhoga ko karane se aMtaraMga meM krodhAdi kaSAyoM kI kyA sthiti hogI, kahIM bhoga ke saMskAra atigAr3ha to nahIM ho jAeMge, isake sevana meM samaya kA kitanA apavyaya hogA, kitanA dhana kharca hogA, kitanA parizrama karanA hogA ityaadi| aisA cintana karate hue vivekapUrvaka bhogoM kA pUrNa tyAga karanA athavA sImAMkana karanA caahie| 641 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #740
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (Ga) samyak nirNaya ke AdhAra para cintana - uparyukta prakriyA se cintana karate hue bhI jo bhogecchAe~ zeSa raha jAtI haiM, unakA punaH cintana evaM nirNaya karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM hameM apane utsAha kI abhivRddhi karate hue jJa-parijJA dvArA vastu ko usake svarUpa ke AdhAra para samajhanA cAhie evaM pratyAkhyAna-parijJA dvArA ayogya viSayoM ko anAvazyaka mAnakara parityAga karanA caahie|101 phira bhI jo bhoga chor3A na jA sake, unakA sImAkaraNa karanA cAhie aura zeSa rahe ve bhoga jo thor3e bhI sImita na kie jA sakeM, unheM kheda, nindA evaM garhApUrvaka hI bhoganA caahie| yaha cintana sadaiva calatA rahe ki vastu kevala vastu hotI hai aura cetana kA usase vAstava meM (pAramArthika-dRSTi se) koI sambandha nahIM hotA, phira bhI usameM acchA-burA, priya-apriya, pasanda-nApasanda, surUpa-kurUpa Adi mAnanA jIva kI mahAn bhUla hai, kalpanA mAtra hI hai| AtmajJAna ke dvArA isa bhUla kA nivAraNa sambhava hai| jar3a-cetana kI saba pariNati prabho! apane-apane meM hotI hai| anukUla kaheM pratikUla kaheM, yaha jhUThI mana kI vRtti hai|| 102 11.6.4 bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke vibhinna stara bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI prakriyA meM sAdhaka apanI vartamAna bhUmikA ke sAtha nyAya karatA huA uttarottara ucca bhUmikAoM kI prApti karatA jAtA hai| vaha padArtha-Azrita jIvana-dRSTi ko chor3akara Atma-Azrita jIvana-dRSTi ko mukhyatA detA jAtA hai| isase usakI azubha-bhogopabhoga se nivRtti, zubha-bhogopabhoga meM apekSAkRta pravRtti tathA nivRtti aura zuddha bhogopabhoga meM pravRtti kramazaH bar3hatI jAtI hai| antataH vaha zuddha-bhogopabhoga kI sarvocca dazA ko prApta kara letA hai, jisameM bAhya bhogopabhoga kI parAdhInatA samApta hokara azarIrI avasthA kI prApti ho jAtI hai| bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI dizA meM bar3hatA huA jIvana-prabandhaka nimna staroM ko kramazaH pAra karatA jAtA hai - (ka) prathama stara : tIvra bhogI - isa bhUmikA kA sAdhaka viSaya-bhogoM kA tIvra abhilASI hotA hai| use isa stara se U~cA uThane ke lie nimna prayatna karane cAhie - 1) saptavyasana kA anivArya rUpa se tyAga karanA - zikAra, juA, corI, mAMsAhAra, madyapAna, vezyAgamana evaM prstriigmn/prpuruussgmn|103 2) sabhI nazIle padArthoM kA sarvathA tyAga karanA, jaise - sigareTa, bIr3I, pAna-guTakhA, carasa, gAMjA, aphIma, heroina, zarAba aadi| 3) kAma-vAsanAoM ko uttejita karane vAle bhogopabhoga ke sAdhanoM kA sarvathA tyAga karanA, jaise - azlIla-sAhitya, azlIla-calacitra, phUhar3a-vArtA, azlIla-vebasAiTa, azlIla-gItazravaNa aadi|104 30 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 642 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #741
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paranArI ke gamana se, dharmanIti ho naash| 'sAdhaka' marane para use, milatA naraka nivAsa / / 105 4) aMtaraMga bhAvoM aura saMskAroM ko vikRta karane vAle upakaraNoM kA maryAdita prayoga karanA, jaise - TI.vI., calacitra, reDiyo, TrAMjisTara, TeparikArDara, Ai-paoNTa Adi / 5) vilAsitA ke sAdhanoM kI maryAdA karanA, jaise - kImatI vastra, AbhUSaNa, jUte-cappala, vAhana aadi| 6) bAIsa abhakSya padArthoM ke sevana kA pUrNa tyAga krnaa| 7) laukika tyauhAroM ko maryAdita DhaMga se manAnA, jaise - dIpAvalI meM paTAkhe, lAiTiMga evaM sTiriyo Adi kI maryAdA karanA, holI jalAne evaM khelane kA tyAga karanA aadi| 8) navavarSa , veleNTAina-De, liva ina rilezana Adi ko asabhya tarIke se nahIM mnaanaa| 9) loka dikhAve ke lie bhavya pArTiyA~ Ayojita karane kI maryAdA krnaa| 10) zRMgAra-prasAdhanoM meM se jo pazu-utpAdoM se nirmita haiM, unakA sarvathA tyAga karanA evaM anyoM kI maryAdA karanA, jaise - krIma, lozana, tela, kAjala, maskarA, nelapaoNliza, paraphyUma, itra, DIoNDreNTa , pAuDara, lipasTika aadi| jisake zRMgAroM meM merA, yaha maha~gA jIvana dhula jaataa| atyanta azuci jar3a-kAyA se, cetana kA hai kaisA naataa|| 106 11) zaucAlaya evaM snAnaghara meM pazu-utpAdoM se nirmita prasAdhanoM kA sarvathA tyAga karanA evaM anyoM kI maryAdA karanA, jaise - sAbuna, zempU, phesa-vaoNza, TUtha pAuDara, TUtha pesTa, mAliza tela aadi| 12) arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu evaM kevalI praNIta dharma - ina cAroM kI zaraNA lenaa| 13) arhadbhakti, guru-sevA, tattva-adhyayana Adi zubha pravRttiyA~ adhikAdhika karanA aura unameM bhI Atma-ramaNatA kA lakSya rkhnaa| 14) parvatithiyoM, tIrthayAtrAoM Adi prasaMgoM meM brahmacarya kA pAlana krnaa| 15) Amoda-pramoda hetu deza-videza kI yAtrA karane kI maryAdA rkhnaa| 16) pApabhIru bnnaa|107 (kha) dvitIya stara : mandabhogI - isa stara kA sAdhaka apane dRSTikoNa ko samyak kara letA hai aura bhogoM meM sukha kI kalpanA se mukta ho jAtA hai| zrImaddevacandra ne isa dazA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai108 - Aropita sukha bhrama Talyo re, bhAsyo avyAbAdha / samaryu abhilASI paNuM re, kartA sAdhana sAdhya / / 643 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana 31 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #742
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa stara se U~cA uThane ke lie sAdhaka ko nimna prayatna karane cAhie - 1) kusaMgati ke sevana se yathAsambhava dUra rhnaa| 2) pAzcAtya bhogavAdI saMskRti kA andhAnukaraNa nahIM krnaa| 3) vilAsitA ke sAdhanoM kA pUrNa tyAga karanA athavA unheM maryAdita krnaa| 4) ghara-kuTumba meM bhogoM ke lie nahIM, apitu karttavya-nirvAha hetu jiinaa| samyagdRSTi jIvar3A, kare kuTumba prtipaal| antarasuM nyAro rahe, jyoM dhAya khilAve baal|| 109 5) sarkasa, pikanika, melA, philma Adi manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM ke sevana kA sarvathA tyAga krnaa| 6) svastrI yA svapurUSa sevana kI maryAdA krnaa|110 7) zubha-bhogoM kI guNavattA (Quality) meM vRddhi krnaa| 8) zuddha-bhogoM (Atmasukha) kI anubhUti kA adhikAdhika punarAvartana krnaa| 9) choTI-choTI evaM alpakAlika maryAdAoM ko yama ke mAdhyama se grahaNa krnaa| 10) bAraha vratoM ko grahaNa karane kI yogyatA vikasita krnaa| (ga) tRtIya stara : mandatarabhogI - isa stara ke sAdhaka kA Atma-niyantraNa adhika vikasita ho jAtA hai, jisase vaha viSaya-bhogoM kI vAsanAoM se Upara uThakara bhogopabhoga ko saMkalpapUrvaka maryAdita kara letA hai| mUlataH vaha brahmacarya-aNuvrata, upabhoga-paribhoga-parimANavrata, anarthadaNDa-viramaNavrata Adi bAraha vratoM ko grahaNa kara letA hai| isa stara para kie jAne vAle prayatna nimna haiM - 1) AvazyakatAoM evaM AkAMkSAoM kI sImAe~ nirdhArita krnaa| 2) pApAcAra se yathAsambhava nivRtti lenaa| 3) pratiSThA evaM vilAsitA kI vastuoM kA saMkalpapUrvaka pUrNa athavA AMzika tyAga krnaa| 4) bhoga evaM upabhoga ke amuka padArthoM kI chUTa rakhakara zeSa padArthoM kA tyAga karate hue upabhoga-paribhoga vrata ko grahaNa krnaa| jainAcAryoM ne atyanta vaijJAnika tarIke se bhogopabhoga vrata kI suvidhA hetu nimnalikhita chabbIsa prakAra ke padArthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinakI maryAdA kA nirdhAraNa pratyeka vratI zrAvaka ko karanA caahie| 11 maryAdA kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya inakI mAtrA Adi kI adhikatama sImA taya karanI caahie| zarIrAdi poMchane kA tauliyA aadi| dA~ta sApha karane ke lie maMjana aadi| netra, keza Adi kI sAra-saMbhAla ke lie A~valA, arIThA Adi phl| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 644 32 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #743
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAliza ke lie telAdi / ubaTana ke lie lepAdi / snAna ke lie jala / pahanane ke lie vastrAdi / vilepana ke lie candanAdi / phUla evaM hAra / zarIra -zobhA ke lie AbhUSaNAdi / vAyu-zuddhi ke lie dhUpAdi / peya padArtha pakvAnna miThAI, namakIna Adi / odana - vidhipUrvaka agni para pakAkara khAe jAne vAle cAvala, daliyAdi / dAla, sUpa Adi tarala khAdya padArtha / sUpadAla ghRtAdi vikAravardhaka vstueN| zAka bhojana meM khAI jAne vAlI sabjiyA~ / mAdhuraka- mevA, madhura phalAdi rasIle padArtha / bhojana - - 645 - dUdha, zarabata, maTThA Adi / pIne kA pAnI / mukhavAsa - supArI, pAnAdi / vAhana hAthI, ghor3A, bailAdi ( varttamAna pariprekSya meM skUTara, moTara sAyakala, upAnaha - jUte-cappala Adi / zayyAsana - palaMga, pATa, gaddA, takiyA Adi / sacitta vastu ve khAdya / peya padArtha, jinameM jIvana - astitva abhI vidyamAna hai| khAne ke dravyoM kI vividhatA / kSudhA nivAraNArtha khAI jAne vAlI roTI, bATI Adi / inameM se gyAraha padArtha zarIra kI rakSA sambandhI evaM paMdraha padArtha zarIra meM zakti kI abhivRddhi sambandhI haiM / yaha samasta carcA zrAvaka ke upabhoga - paribhoga vrata ke antargata upAsaka dazAMgasUtra ke prathama adhyAya evaM zrAvaka pratikramaNa meM milatI hai| 112 5) upabhoga - paribhoga parimANa vrata kA pAlana karate hue pA~ca bAtoM se bacanA " ii) bahudha i) trasavadha sajIvoM ke vadha se banane vAlI vastue~, jaise- rezamI vastra Adi / asaMkhya sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA se taiyAra hone vAlI athavA trasajIva paidA karake taiyAra kI jAne vAlI vastue~, jaise - madirA Adi / iii) pramAda * Alasya kI abhivRddhi karane vAlI vastue~, jaise adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana tAmasika bhojana / -- - For Personal & Private Use Only kArAdi) -- 33
Page #744
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ iv) aniSTa - svAsthya bigAr3ane vAlI vastue~, jaise - adhapakI vstueN| v) anupasevya - ghRNita evaM nindanIya vastue~, jaise - mAMsa, machalI aadi| 6) upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata kA pAlana karate hue nimna aticAroM (doSoM) se bacanA13 - i) sacitta AhAra - amaryAdita sacitta vastu kA sevn| ii) sacitta-pratibaddha AhAra - sacitta se yukta (lagI huI) acitta vastu kA aahaar| iii) apakva AhAra - kaccI zAka, binA pake phala Adi kA sevn| iv) duHpakva AhAra - galata DhaMga se pakI vastu kA aahaar| v) tuccha auSadhi bhakSaNa - kama khAI aura adhika pheMkI jAne vAlI vastu kA sevana / 7) anarthadaNDa viramaNa vrata ko grahaNa karanA - bhogopabhoga kI una samasta kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA, jo vartamAna jIvana ke lie arthahIna haiM evaM pApakArI hone se bhAvI jIvana meM daNDanIya 8) brahmacarya kA yathAsambhava pAlana karanA aura svadArAsantoSavrata grahaNa karate hue nau vAr3o (nava gupti) kA pAlana karanA14 - i) strI-purUSa aura napuMsaka se dUra vAsa krnaa| ii) strI sambandhI vArtAe~ nahIM krnaa| i) strI ke dvArA prayukta zayana, Asana, pATa, pATale Adi para nahIM baitthnaa| iv) strI ke aMgopAMga dekhane kA prayatna nahIM krnaa| v) dIvAra ke antarAla para strI-purUSa kA yugala rahatA ho, aise sthAna kA tyAga krnaa| vi) pUrvakRta kAma-krIr3A kA smaraNa nahIM krnaa| vii) gariSTha evaM tAmasika AhAra kA tyAga krnaa| viii) pramANa se adhika AhAra nahIM krnaa| ix) zarIra kA zRMgAra nahIM krnaa| 9) svastrIsantoSa vrata kA pAlana pUrNa niSThA se karanA aura nimna svachandatAoM se bacanA115 - i) itvara parigRhItA gamana - dhanAdi dekara parAI strI ke sAtha thor3e samaya ke lie samAgama krnaa| ii) aparigRhItA gamana - vezyA, vidhavA, parityaktA yA kumArI Adi ke sAtha samAgama krnaa| i) anaMgakrIr3A - aprAkRtika maithuna karanA athavA kRtrima sAdhanoM ke dvArA kAmAcAra kI kalpanA krnaa| iv) paravivAhakaraNa - kanyAdAna ko dharma mAnakara athavA rAgavaza dUsaroM ke lar3ake-lar3akiyoM kA vivAha kraanaa| v) kAmabhogatIvraabhilASA - kAma-krIr3A meM tIvra Asakti honA evaM usake lie kAmoddIpaka jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 34 646 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #745
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ auSadhiyoM kA sevana krnaa| 10) yathAyogya sAmAyika , pauSadha, dezAvagAsika evaM atithisaMvibhAga vratoM kA pAlana kara bhoga-nivRtti kA vizeSa abhyAsa krnaa|16 11) pratidina prAtaH evaM sAyaM caudaha niyama grahaNa karate hue unase sambandhita nimna vastuoM kI maryAdA karanA17 - sacitta-davva-vigai-vANaha-taMbola-vattha-kusumesu / vAhaNa-sayaNa-vilevaNa-baMbha-disi-NhANa-bhattesu / / i) sacitta miTTI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati Adi sajIva vastuoM ke prayoga smbndhii| ii) dravya - khAne-pIne ke kAma meM Ane vAle padArthoM kI sNkhyaa| iii) vigaI - dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela, miThAI evaM kar3hAI (tale padArtha) vAlI vstueN| iv) upAnaha - jUte-cappala aadi| v) tambola - supArI Adi sabhI mukhavAsa / vi) vastra - pahanane va kAma meM Ane vAle rumAlAdi / vii) kusuma - phUla-tela Adi sUMghane ke padArtha / viii) zayana - gaddA, takiyA, caddarAdi bichaavn| ix) vAhana - parivahana ke jaivika/yAMtrika sabhI sAdhana / x) vilepana - sAbuna, lepa Adi prsaadhn| xi) dizA - dasoM dizAoM meM gmn| xii) snAna - lagha, madhyama evaM utkRSTa snaan| xiii) brahmacarya - maithuna pravRtti para niyntrnn| xiv) bhojana - khAdya-padArthoM kI mAtrA ye caudaha niyama mUlataH bhogopabhoga-parimANa kI abhivRddhi ke lie haiM aura pratidina grahaNa karane yogya haiN| 12) SaDjIvanikAya kI yathAzakti jayaNA karanA arthAt hiMsAtmaka pravRtti se bcnaa| 13) zubha bhogoM kI guNavattA meM aura adhika abhivRddhi krnaa| 14) zuddha bhogoM arthAt Atma-sthiratA kI dazA kI vizeSa abhivRddhi krnaa| 15) dhIre-dhIre AtmasthiratA evaM AtmaramaNatA bar3hAte jAnA aura bAhya viSaya-bhogoM ko adhikAdhika __ maryAdita krnaa| 16) zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimA kramazaH vahana krnaa| 17) paMcamahAvrata dhAraNa karane arthAt azubha bhogoM ke sarvathA parityAga karane kI pAtratA vikasita krnaa|118 647 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana 35 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #746
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (gha) caturthastara : mandatamabhogI - AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA ativiziSTa vikAsa hone para aindrika-viSayoM kI Asakti sUkha jAtI hai| kevala Atma-sAdhanA hetu AhAra-pAnI Adi mUlabhUta AvazyakatAe~ zeSa rahatI haiM aura usameM bhI samitipUrvaka (sAdhvAcAra kI maryAdA kA pAlana karate hue) pUrti kA prayatna hotA hai| isa stara para pahu~cakara sAdhaka ko nimna prayatna karane cAhie - 1) hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna evaM parigraha - ina pA~co azubha bhogoM kA pUrNa parityAga karanA aura __muni dazA meM praveza krnaa| 2) zarIra ko mukti (dharma) kA prAthamika sAdhana mAnate hue bhojanAdi kI pUrti madhukarI caryA se karanA aura dharma viruddha lokAcaraNa nahIM karanA / 119 3) zarIra kI zobhA-vibhUSA kA sarvathA parityAga krnaa|120 . 4) pA~coM indriyoM kA gopana karake samatA kI sAdhanA krnaa| 5) vizeSa tapa Adi ke dvArA aprakaTa rUpa se pravarttamAna purUSa-strI sambandhI bhogecchA (purUSaveda , strIveda evaM napuMsakaveda) para bhI pUrNa vijaya prApta krnaa| 6) strI, satkAra-puraskAra Adi bAIsa prakAra ke pariSahoM (vizeSa pratikUla paristhitiyoM) meM vicalita nahIM honA aura Atmasukha meM nimagna rhnaa|21 7) Atma-sthiratA kI adhikAdhika vRddhi kA prayatna krnaa| 8) rAga-dveSa, moha para pUrNa vijaya prApta karane kA prayatna krnaa| svasvarUpa ekatvatA, sAdhe pUrNAnaMda ho mitt| rame bhogave AtamA, ratnatrayI guNavRMda ho mitt||122 (Ga) paMcamastara : AtmabhogI - isa dazA ko vItarAgadazA yA jIvanamukta dazA kahA jAtA hai| yaha vaha dazA hai, jisameM rAga, dveSa, moha Adi vilaya ko prApta ho jAte haiM aura bAhya bhogoM arthAt zubhAzubha bhogoM kI lAlasA pUrNatayA samApta ho jAtI hai| aba koI prayatna zeSa nahIM hotA aura lezamAtra bhI icchA zeSa nahIM rhtii| isameM sthita jIva bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI utkRSTa avasthA taka pahu~ca jAte haiN| inheM sayogI kevalI (pravRtti sahita paramAtmA) kahA jAtA hai| inakI zvAsAdi zArIrika-kriyA, aghAtI karma sambandhI kArmika-kriyA evaM samavazaraNa, prAtihArya Adi kI racanA rUpa pAristhitika-kriyA Adi svAbhAvika rUpa se hotI rahatI haiM, kintu ye ekamAtra zuddha , nirAbAdha, svAdhIna, paripUrNa AtmasvarUpa meM sthira rahakara pUrNa zuddha bhogoM meM tanmaya rahate haiN| yaha dazA sAMsArika avasthA ke antima kinAre ke rUpa meM hotI hai, jisake pazcAt janma-jarA-maraNa Adi duHkhoM kI paramparA sadA ke lie samApta ho jAtI hai aura eka aDola, akampa evaM parama-prazAMta siddhAvasthA (pravRtti rahita azarIrI paramAtmadazA) kI prApti ho jAtI hai, jisameM parama-sukha kA bhogopabhoga ananta kAla taka hotA rahatA hai| jainadRSTi se yahI bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kA parama Adarza rUpa hai| =====4.>===== 36 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 648 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #747
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11.7 niSkarSa bhoga evaM upabhoga jIvana kI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| jainaAcArazAstra meM inakA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI, saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo vastue~ eka bAra hI prayoga meM AtI haiM, unheM bhoga kI vastue~ tathA jo bAra - bAra upayoga meM AtI haiM, unheM upabhoga kI vastue~ kahA jAtA hai| cU~ki manuSya eka sAmarthyavAn prANI hai, ataH vaha eka ora bhogopabhoga kI parAkASThA taka pahu~ca sakatA hai, to dUsarI ora vaha bhogopabhoga ko santulita, sumaryAdita evaM suvyavasthita bhI kara sakatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne sadaiva hI bhogopabhoga ko maryAdita karane kA nirdeza diyA hai, jisase bhogopabhoga ke atireka se utpanna hone vAle bhayAvaha duSpariNAmoM se bacA jA ske| vastutaH, bhogopabhoga ko sumaryAdita karane kI prakriyA hI bhogopabhoga - prabandhana hai| bhogopabhoga-prabandhana kI samagratA ke lie bhogopabhoga - prabandhana kI prakriyA ko mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - saiddhAntika pakSa evaM prAyogika pakSa / bhogopabhoga ke prati samyak dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa karanA saiddhAntika pakSa kI viSaya vastu hai, jisameM hamane jAnA ki mUlataH bhogopabhoga ke tIna prakAra haiM- azubha, zubha evaM zuddha / inameM se azubha bhogopabhoga ko maryAdita karanA aura zubha bhogopabhoga meM Avazyaka pravRtti karate hue zuddha bhogopabhoga kI prApti karanA hI samyak bhogopabhoga - prabandhana kA sanmArga hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to, bAhya viSaya-bhogoM se nivRtta hote hue AtmaramaNatA ke Ananda ko prApta karanA hI bhogopabhoga - prabandhana kI samyak prakriyA hai / prastuta adhyAya meM azubha bhogopabhoga kI asAratA ko jainadRSTikoNa se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, jisase isake prati mohAndha dRSTikoNa kA nivAraNa aura samyak dRSTikoNa kA nirdhAraNa ho sake / prAyogika pakSa meM mukhyataH hamane jAnA ki jIvana-vyavahAra meM kisa prakAra bhogopabhoga ko adhikAdhika maryAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa hetu bhogopabhoga ke lie prayoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM kA vargIkaraNa karake unameM se tyAjya vastuoM ko tyAgane, na tyAga kI jA sake una vastuoM ko sImita karane aura na sImita ho sake unheM anAsakta bhAvanApUrvaka arthAt khedapUrvaka prayoga karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isa krama kA pAlana karatA huA vyakti dhIre-dhIre apane stara kA ucita vikAsa kara sakatA hai| jaina sAdhanA paddhati ke AdhAra para yahA~ pA~ca stara batAe gae haiM, jinameM kramazaH Age bar3hatA huA jIvana-prabandhaka tIvrabhogI dazA se mandabhogI, mandatarabhogI, mandatamabhogI dazA ko pAra karatA huA, antataH AtmabhogI dazA kI prApti kara sakatA hai| yahA~ hameM mUlataH jainAcAryoM kI eka mahattvapUrNa dRSTi prApta hotI hai ki bhogopabhoga to pratyeka prANI (AtmA) kI svAbhAvika yogyatA hai / AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki AtmA ko bAhya viSayoM se haTAkara svasammukha kara Atmasukha kI prApti ke lie prayukta kiyA jAe aura antataH sAdhanA ke dvArA rAga-dveSa, moha para vijaya prApta karate hue sahaja, svAdhIna, nirvikArI, AtmabhogI dazA ko prApta kiyA jAe, yahI bhogopabhoga - prabandhana kA carama lakSya hai| adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana 649 For Personal & Private Use Only 37
Page #748
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| prazna kra. uttara sandarbha pR. kra. vikalpa- alpa- ThIka-(c) acchA-(r) bahuta acchA pUrNa-7 kyA Apa bhogopabhoga kI avadhAraNA se paricita haiM? 2) kyA Apa upabhoktA-saMskRti ko jAnate haiM? kyA Apa jIvana meM santulita bhogopabhoga ko mahattva dete haiM? 4) kyA Apa upabhoktA-saMskRti ke duSpariNAmoM ko jAnate haiM? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcit- kabhI-kabhI-(r) aksara-@ hamezA-7 kyA Apa azubha-bhogopabhoga ko maryAdita karane kA prayAsa karate haiM? kyA Apa sparzAdi indriyoM evaM mana ke viSayoM ko AdhAra banAkara bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie vastuoM kA samyak vizleSaNa karate haiM? kyA Apa naitika mUlyoM ke AdhAra para bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie vastuoM kA samyaka vizleSaNa karate haiM? 8) kyA Apa bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka aura anAvazyaka vastuoM kA samyak nirNaya karate haiM? vikalpa- hamezA-0 aksara- kabhI-kabhI-3 kadAcita-@ kabhI nahIM-7 9) kyA Apake Aya-sAdhanoM meM vikRti rahatI hai? 10) kyA Apa meM bhAvAtmaka-saMkIrNatA rahatI hai? 11) kyA Apa samaya aura UrjA kI barbAdI karate haiM? kyA Apa anukUlana kI kSamatA kA hrAsa karate haiM? 13) kyA Apa zubha-bhogopabhoga karate haiM? 14) kyA Apa zuddha-bhogopabhoga karate haiM? 15) kyA Apa suvidhAdAyI vastuoM kA bhogopabhoga karate haiM? 16) kyA Apa pratiSThAdAyI vastuoM kA bhogopabhoga karate haiM? 17) kyA Apa vilAsitAoM kA bhogopabhoga karate haiM? 18) kyA Apa anupayogI vastuoM kA bhogopabhoga karate haiM? vikalpa- nahIM- hA~-0 19) kyA ApakI mAnyatA meM azubha-bhogopabhoga se sukhAbhAsa hai? 20) kyA ApakI mAnyatA meM azubha-bhogopabhoga se duHkha hI duHkha hai? 12) 20 22. kula kula 0-2021-40 41-60 61-80 . 81-100 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara alpatama jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 38 650 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #749
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 37 jainabhAratI (patrikA), mArca, 2009, pR. 16 38 arthazAstra ke siddhAMta, DaoN.rAmaratana zarmA, 2/1, pR. 7 1 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 19/18 39 vahI, pR. 7 2 uttarAdhyayanasUtra vRtti 40 AraMbhe tApakAn prAptAva'tRpti prtipaadkaan| (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 5/1603 se uddhRta) ante sudustyajAn kAmAn, kAma kaH sevate sudhIH / / 3 AcArAMgasUtravRtti 1/2/4 (vahI, 5/1603 se uddhRta) - iSTopadeza, 17 4 bRhadravyasaMgraha, nemicaMdrAcArya, 1/9 41 jainabhAratI (patrikA), pharavarI, 2006, pR. 23 5 dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, 24/5 42 vahI, pR. 23-24 6 vAcaspatyAbhidhAna koza 43 vahI, pR. 23-24 (abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 5/1603 se uddhRta) 44 vahI, pR. 23-24 7 bRhadravyasaMgraha, 1/9 45 sAdhaka satasaI, cA~damala sirohiyA ThAkara, 347 8 vahI, 1/9 46 jinavANI (patrikA), akTUbara, 2010. pR. 62-63 9 yogazAstra, 3/5 47 AcArAMgasUtra 1/1/3/5 10 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, 7/7/9 48 jainabhAratI (patrikA), pharavarI, 2006, pR. 24 11 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/75 49 vahI, pR. 25 12 vahI, 36/19-20 50 tattvArthasUtra, 5/21 13 vahI, 32/62 51 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 5/5 14 vahI, 36/18 52 vahI, 10/20 15 vahI, 32/49 53 sAdhakasatasaI, cA~damala sirohiyA ThAkara, 570 16 vahI, 36/17 54 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/44 17 vahI, 32/23 55 tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 18 vahI, 36/16 56 pravacanasAra, 1/55 19 vahI, 32/36 57 karmodayApekSA bhAvAttadapi pAriNAmika 20 paiMtIsa bola, sA.vidyutprabhA, pR. 51. - tattvArtharAjavArttika 2/7, pR. 112 21 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/88 58 padmanaMdIpaMcaviMzati, 4/64-65 22 arthazAstra ke siddhAMta, DaoN.rAmaratana zarmA, 2/2, pR. 19 59 dravyasaMgraha, 9 23 pravacanasAra, 1/76 60 pravacanasAra, 158 24 AcArAMgasaTIka, 1/2/4/2 61 padmanaMdIpaMcaviMzikA, 6/7 25 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 102 62 paMcAstikAya, 131 26 arthazAstra ke siddhAMta, esa.pI. dUbe, 1/8, 63 vahI, 131 pR. 107-108 64 dhavalA, 7/4/2/8/3 27 vahI, pR. 98-99 65 svayaMbhUstotra, 13 28 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/5/7 (sahajasukhasAdhana, bra.sItalaprasAda, pR. 82 se uddhRta) 29 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 102 66 zrImadrAjacandra, amUlyatatvavicAra 1, pR. 109 30 hamaloga (patrikA), 18 janavarI, 2009, pR. 1 67 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2/1/33 31 mahAvIra kA arthazAstra, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 102-103 68 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/48-49 32 zapatha, harikRSNa premI, pR. 10 (hiMdIsUkti-saMdarbhakoza, maho. 69 pravacanasAra, 76 candraprabhasAgara, pR. 91 se uddhRta) 70 zrIrAmacaritamAnasa, bAlakANDa 101/5 33 paramAtmaprakAza, 2/3 (parivAra meM rahane kI kalA, pR. 125 se uddhRta) 34 maraNasamAdhi, 604 71 zrImaddevacandra, vartamAna caubIsI, 4/5 35 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 13/16 72 pravacanasAra, 76 36 dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 263-264 73 sahajasukhasAdhana, bra.sItalaprasAda, pR. 70-71 651 adhyAya 11 : bhogopabhoga-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #750
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 74 upadezamAlA, 212 75 devazAstragurUpUjA, yugalajI 76 navabhArata (samAcAra patra, iMdaura) 12 mArca, 2011, pR. 1, 77 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 20 / 37 78 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1249 79 jJAnArNavaH, 10 80 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 32/20 81 sAdhaka satasaI, cA~damala sirohiyA ThAkara, 58 82 iSTopadeza, 17 83 svayaMbhU stotra, 13 ( sahajasukhasAdhana, bra. sItalaprasAda pR. 82 se uddhRta) 84 mUlAcAra, 724 85 sahajasukhasAdhana, sItalaprasAda, pR. 74 86 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1242 87 sahajasukhasAdhana, bra. sItalaprasAda, pR. 72-73 88 jJAnasAra, 7/7 89 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 5 / 6 90 zIlaprAbhRta, 27 91 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1267 92 mUlAcAra, 735 93 zIlaprAbhUta, 23 94 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14 / 13 95 zrImadrAjacaMdra, nivRttibodha, pR. 50 96 dazavaikAlikasUtra 4/39 97 jJAnasya phalaM viratiH prazamarati, 72 98 AvazyakasUtra, a. 6, pR. 111 99 arthazAstra ke siddhAMta, DaoN. esa.pI. dUbe, pR. 1/9/107 100 prazamarati, 146 101 AcArAMgasUtra saTIka, 1/1/1/1 102 devazAstragurUpUjA, yugalajI 103 samaNasutta, 300 104 prabodhaTIkA, 2 / 188 105 sAdhakasatasaI, cA~damala sirohiyA ThAkara, 381 106 devazAstragurUpUjA, yugalajI 107 yogazAstra, 1/48 108 zrImadadevacandra vartamAna caubIsI 2/1 109 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN. sAgaramalajaina, 2/157 110 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/16 111 jainaAcAra, devendramuni, pR. 321 112 vahI, pR. 323 113 yogazAstra, 3 / 97 114 prabodhaTIkA, 1/44 40 115 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 1/48 116 tattvArthasUtra 7/16 117 prabodhaTIkA, 2 / 219 118 AnaMdasvAdhyAyasaMgraha, cArazaraNa, pR. 91 119 prazamarati, 132 120 AnaMdasvAdhyAyasaMgraha, zramaNa aticAra, 121 tattvArthasUtra 9/9 122 zrImaddevacandra vartamAna caubIsI 4/8 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only pR. 108 652
Page #751
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 12 dharma CINEMA dhArmika vyavahAra prabandhana dharma For Pe DIE HARD 4.0 MANAGEMENT EMPIRE RELIGIOUS BEHAVIOR Only ggg CASINO CASINO EMPR www.lainelibrary.org
Page #752
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #753
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 12 dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana (Religious Behaviour Management) 12.1 dharma kI avadhAraNA 12.2 dharma kA jIvana meM mahattva evaM sthAna 12.3 dharma aura jIvana mUlya 12.4 aniyojita dharmanIti ke duSpariNAma 12.5 jainadharma evaM jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana 12.5.1 dhArmika - vyavahAra - prabandhana kA saiddhAntika pakSa 12.5.2 dhArmika - vyavahAra - prabandhana kyA hai? 12.5.3 dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana, Akhira kyoM? 12.5.4 dhArmika - vyavahAra - prabandhana kaise-kaise kiyA jAtA hai ? 12.5.5 dhArmika-vyavahAra - prabandhana ke lie upayukta sthAna kyA ho ? 12.5.6 dhArmika-vyavahAra - prabandhana ke lie upayukta samaya kyA ho ? 12.6 dhArmika - vyavahAra - prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa 12.6.1 dhArmika - vyavahAra - prabandhana kA uddezya nirmANa karanA 1262 dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana ke sahI lakSyoM evaM nItiyoM kA nirmANa karanA 1263 upAsanAtmaka sAdhanoM kA samyak upayoga karanA 12.6.4 AcaraNAtmaka dharma kA samyak nirvAha karanA 1265 dhArmika vyavahAra- prabandhana ke pA~ca stara 12.7 niSkarSa 12.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment A questionnaire ) sandarbhasUcI For Personal & Private Use Only Page No. Chap. Cont. 1 4 9 12 17 17 17 18 20 27 28 2222 22 29 29 29 31 34 38 41 42 43 653 656 661 664 669 669 669 670 672 679 680 681 681 681 683 686 690 693 694 695
Page #754
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #755
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 12.1 dharma kI avadhAraNA jIvana kA samyak prabandhana karane ke lie dhArmika vyavahAroM ko bhI suniyojita karanA atyAvazyaka hai aura isa hetu sarvaprathama hameM dharma ke sacce abhiprAya ko samajhanA hogaa| bhAratIya saMskRti vizeSataH jaina - saMskRti meM 'dharma' zabda kA prayoga bhinna-bhinna prasaMgoM meM bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM huA hai, ataH dharma ke samyak svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie hameM dharma ko usake vyApaka arthoM meM grahaNa karanA hogA / dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana (Religious Behaviour Management) (1) vastu - svabhAva (Nature) jainAcAryoM ne kahA hai 'vatthu sahAvo dhammo' arthAt vastu kA svabhAva hI dharma hai|' Azaya yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu kA svAbhAvika guNa usakA dharma hai, jaise Aga kA dharma jalAnA hai, pAnI kA dharma zItalatA hai ityAdi / adhyAya 12 -- ( 2 ) karttavya (Duty) pAiyasaddamahaNNavo meM dharma kA eka artha karttavya batAyA gayA hai, 2 ataH pratyeka vyakti ke jo bhI karane yogya laukika evaM lokottara dAyitva haiM, unheM dharma mAnanA cAhie, jaise * mAtA-pitA kI sevA karanA santAna kA dharma hai, vidyArthI ko zikSA denA zikSaka kA dharma hai ityAdi / 653 ( 3 ) jIvadayA (Nonviolence ) kahA gayA hai 'jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhammo' arthAt jIvoM kI rakSA karanA dharma hai| yaha jIvadayA yA jIvarakSA bAhya meM yatanApUrvaka pravRtti aura aMtaraMga meM AtmajAgRtipUrvaka jIne ke artha hai, kyoMki isase bAhya meM SaDjIvanikAya kI rakSA hotI hai evaM aMtaraMga meM Atmatattva kI / isakI zreSThatA ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jaise jagat meM merUparvata se U~cA tathA AkAza se vizAla aura kucha nahIM hai, vaise hI ahiMsA ke samAna koI dharma nahIM hai / -- (4) saMvidhAna (Constitution) 'dharma' zabda kA prayoga 'saMvidhAna' yA 'kAnUna' artha meM bhI hotA hai / AcArAMga kA yaha sUtra 'ANAe mAmagaM dhammaM' arthAt jinAjJA kA pAlana karanA dharma hai, isa bAta adhyAya 12: dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana - For Personal & Private Use Only 1
Page #756
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kA dyotaka hai ki dharma eka naitika niyamAvalI (Moral Code) hai, jo sabhI ke lie anukaraNIya hai| yaha niyamAvalI hameM saMvidhAna kI taraha heya - jJeya - upAdeya kA bheda karAtI aura pUrNa niyojita jIvana jIne kI preraNA detI hai| pAiyasaddamahaNNavo ke anusAra, 'hamAre sadAcAra, sukRta, (5) sadAcAra ( Good Conduct ) kuzala - anuSThAna evaM zubha karma dharma haiN| " anyatra bhI kahA hai 'cArittaM khalu dhammo' arthAt cAritra vAstava meM dharma hai|' AcArAMgasUtra ke anusAra, 'samiyAe dhamme' arthAt samatA meM rahanA dharma hai| kArttikeya-anuprekSA meM kahA gayA hai ki uttama kSamA, uttama mRdutA, uttama saralatA, uttama nirlobhatA, uttama satya, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa, uttama tyAga, uttama AkiMcanya evaM uttama brahmacarya, inakA pAlana karanA dharma hai| isa prakAra, samyak AcaraNa ko bhI dharma ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA haiM / 10 ( 6 ) ratnatraya (The Three Gems) kArttikeya - anuprekSA ke anusAra, 'samyagdarzana (Right Faith), samyagjJAna (Right Knowledge), evaM samyakcAritra (Right Conduct ) ratnatraya dharma hai|' vastutaH ye samyagdarzana Adi AtmA kI hI zuddha avasthAe~ haiM AtmasvarUpa kA nizcaya samyagdarzana, AtmasvarUpa kA parijJAna samyagjJAna aura AtmasvarUpa meM sthiratA samyakcAritra hai / yaha dharma kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa hai| 11 - isa prakAra, 'dharma' zabda kA prayoga vibhinna sthaloM para vibhinna arthoM meM hotA hai aura yaha AdhyAtmika, dhArmika, sAmAjika, vaiyaktika, naitika Adi arthoM ko iMgita karatA hai| bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayukta hone para bhI yaha nizcita hai ki dharma sadaiva hI mAnava kI unnati kA prabala abhipreraka (Motivator) rahA hai| dhAraNa karanA, vyutpatti kI dRSTi se 'dharma' zabda 'dhR dhAraNe' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai banAe rakhanA athavA puSTa karanA / 12 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki dharma vaha tattva hai, jo sampUrNa saMsAra ke prANiyoM ko duHkha se uThAkara uttama sukha kI avasthA meM dhAraNa karatA hai / 13 yaha aniSTa sthAnoM meM bhaTakate jIvoM ko svarga - mokSa rUpa iSTa sthAnoM meM pratiSThita karatA hai| 14 yaha jhUThI mAnyatA evaM rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoM se grasita prANiyoM ko Upara uThAkara nirvikAra zuddha AtmasvarUpa meM sthira karatA hai / ' saMkSepa meM, dharma vaha hai, jo prANiyoM ko nimna pada se ucca pada meM sthApita karatA hai| isa prakAra dharma prabandhakIya-dRSTi eka upayogI saMsAdhana hai, jisakA sakArAtmaka prayoga jIvana ko unnati ke patha para agrasara kara sakatA hai / 15 16 maulika taura para to 'dharma' jIvana kI eka mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatA hai, kintu varttamAna pariprekSya meM dharma kI jo sthiti hai, use hama nimna tIna vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM 7 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 2 -- For Personal & Private Use Only 654
Page #757
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dharma Aja eka vyavasAya bana gayA hai, kyoMki dharma ke nAma para vaiyaktika svArthoM kI sAdhanA hI pramukha ho gaI hai| varttamAna meM dharma mUlataH paramparAgata karmakANDa taka sImita ho gayA hai, isakA AdhyAtmika pakSa gauNa ho gayA hai| dharma Aja svarga ke pralobhana aura naraka ke bhaya para TikA huA hai, jise Adhunika samAja DhakosalA mAna rahA hai aura dharma ke tAtkAlika lAbhoM ko nahIM samajha kara dharma - vimukha ho rahA hai / ataH prabandhana-paddhati ko apanAkara hameM dhArmika vyavahAroM ko sudhArane ke lie nimna prayatna karane hoMge dharma ko bhautika sampannatA evaM samRddhi kI dRSTi se nahIM, apitu naitika vikAsa ke lie apanAnA hogA / dharma ko karmakANDa ke andhAnukaraNa se bacAkara AdhyAtmika banAnA hogA / dharma ko svarga ke pralobhana aura naraka ke bhaya se mukta kara usake tAtkAlika lAbhoM ko samajhanA hogA / dharma jo kevala vizvAsa ke AdhAra para TikA hai, use vijJAna ke AdhAra para khar3A karanA hogaa| jaba taka hama dharma kI upayogitA aura usake mahattva kA samyak mUlyAMkana nahIM kareMge, taba taka hama dharma kA samyak prayoga bhI nahIM kara skeNge| ataH yaha jAnanA hogA ki dharma kA jIvana meM kyA mahattva evaM sthAna hai ? 655 adhyAya 12: dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 3
Page #758
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 12.2 dharma kA jIvana meM mahattva evaM sthAna prAcInakAla se hI bhAratIya saMskRti meM dharma kA vizeSa mahattva rahA hai| purUSArtha catuSTaya meM dharma ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai, kyoMki jahA~ yaha artha aura kAma ko maryAdita karake unheM mUlyoM (Values) kI zreNI meM lAtA hai, vahIM yaha mokSa kA sAdhana bhI banatA hai| spaSTa hai ki dharma ke binA artha aura kAma anarthakArI bana jAte haiM aura mokSa kevala eka kalpanA bhara raha jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki trivargavAdI evaM caturvargavAdI vicArakoM ne dharma ko jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatA mAnA hai| Aja bhI isa bAta kI AvazyakatA hai ki hama jo mahattva roTI, kapar3A evaM makAna ko dete haiM, usase bhI adhika mahattva dharma ko deN| merI dRSTi meM, jIvana meM dharma kI kendrIya bhUmikA nimna citra se spaSTa hai - mokSa kAma | artha kAma 12.2.1 dharma ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karane vAlI jaina sUktiyA~ * dharma vizva kA sarvottama maMgala hai| isa dharma kA lakSaNa hai - ahiMsA, saMyama aura tp| jisakA mana sadaiva dharma meM lIna rahatA hai, use deva bhI namana karate haiN| * ratnatraya se yukta dharma rakSaka hai, zaraNa hai, sadgati-pradAyaka hai, saMsAra garta meM girane vAloM ke lie AdhAra hai aura yadi samyak prakAra se AcaraNa meM lAyA jAe, to yaha ajarAmara mokSapada ko prApta karAne vAlA hai|20 yaha dharma isaloka aura paraloka meM prIti karAne vAlA, kIrti dilAne vAlA, tejasvI aura yazasvI banAne vAlA, prazaMsanIya evaM ramaNIya banAne vAlA, bhayamukta karane vAlA, zAnti dene vAlA tathA sabhI zubhAzubha karmoM kA kSaya karane vAlA hai| samyaka prakAra se jIvana meM utArA huA dharma parabhava meM bhI laukika evaM lokottara donoM dRSTi se kalyANakArI hotA hai| dharmaniSTha vyakti paraloka meM bhI devendra yA cakravartI pada kI prApti karatA hai athavA AtmalIna hokara mokSa pada kI prApti karatA hai| dharma vaha jalAzaya hai, jisameM snAna kara AtmA karmamala se mukta ho jAtI hai|24 isa saMsAra meM dharma hI hamArA saba kucha hai aura dharma ke atirikta anya koI zaraNabhUta nahIM hai| yaha dharma hI hamArA guru hai, mitra hai, svAmI hai, bandhu hai aura niSkAraNa hama anAthoM se vAtsalya karane vAlA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 656 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #759
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 29 cintAmaNi, divya nidhiyA~, kAmadhenu aura kalpavRkSa , ye sabhI dharma ke cirakAlIna anucara haiN|26 dharma ke samAna nidhi nahIM hai| dharma ke do prayojana haiM - duHkha ko dUra karanA aura sukha ko prApta kraanaa| ataH hama cAhe sukhI hoM athavA duHkhI, donoM hI avasthA meM hameM dharma kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie, kyoMki yadi hama sukhI haiM, to dharma se hamArA sukha vRddhigata hogA aura yadi hama duHkhI haiM, to usase hamAre duHkhoM kA vinAza hogaa|28 saMsAra meM jitane bhI bhautika sukha haiM, ve ekamAtra dharmarUpI udyAna meM sthita kSamA, mRdutA Adi vRkSoM ke hI phala haiN| ataH dharma-udyAna ke vRkSoM kI bhalIbhA~ti rakSA karanI cAhie, jisase bhaviSya meM Atmika sukha evaM zAnti rUpI phaloM kI prApti hotI rhe| dharma se bhautika sukha kA vinAza hotA hai - yaha kalpanA bhramapUrNa hai, kyoMki dharma sukha kA kAraNa hai aura kAraNa kabhI apane kArya kA virodhI nahIM hotA, ataH sukhanAza ke bhaya se dharmavimukha nahIM honA caahie| kalpavRkSa kA phala yAcanA se aura cintAmaNi kA phala vicAra karane se prApta hotA hai, kintu dharma se jo phala prApta hotA hai, vaha binA yAcanA aura kalpanA kie hI prApta ho jAtA hai, jaise - yadi manuSya saghanavRkSa ke nIce pahu~catA hai, to chAyA svayameva prApta hotI hai, usake lie vRkSa se yAcanAdi nahIM karanI pdd'tii|" jA~ce surataru deya sukha, cintata cintA rain| bina jA~ce bina cintaye, dharma sakala sukha dain||2 jo prANI ajJAnavaza dharma ko naSTa karake viSaya-sukhoM meM rata rahate haiM, ve mAnoM vRkSoM ko jar3a se ukhAr3akara phaloM kI prApti karanA cAhate haiN| uparyukta sUktiyA~ isa bAta ko spaSTa karatI haiM ki dharma kA hamAre jIvana se gaharA sambandha hai| yadi hama sahI arthoM meM dharma ko jIvana meM apanA leM, to yaha isaloka aura paraloka donoM ke lie hitakArI hai| dharmabindu grantha meM bhI dharma ke donoM prakAra ke phaloM kA varNana karate hue AcArya kahate haiM ki rAgAdi bhAvoM ke upadravoM se mukta honA aura samatA, sahiSNutA Adi sadbhAvoM ke vaibhava ko prApta karanA , dharma kA 'anantara phala' (Immediate Gain) hai aura saMsAra paribhramaNa se mukta hokara paramasukha rUpa nirvANa pada kI prApti karanA, dharma kA 'parampara phala' (Ultimate Gain) hai| __yaha mAnyatA galata hai ki dharma nirarthaka evaM kaSTakArI hai aura vartamAna jIvana meM isase Arthika, bhautika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika, pArivArika Adi pahalU asantulita ho jAte haiN| vastutaH, dharma vaha kalA hai, jisake dvArA ukta sabhI pahaluoM ko santulita , suvyavasthita evaM unnata banAyA jA sakatA hai aura isIlie jIvana-prabandhana hetu dharma kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| 657 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #760
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 12.2.2 dharma ke mahattva ke vibhinna dRSTikoNa isa tathya ko nimna binduoM ke dvArA samajhA jA sakatA hai - (1) AdhyAtmika dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva - dharma kI mUla dRSTi AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI hai, jisakA anusaraNa kara hama Atmika-sukha kI prApti kara sakate haiN| parantu bhautika-sukha se AkarSita hokara mRga-tRSNA ke samAna hama bAhya meM sukha khojate rahate haiM aura sadaiva atRpta bane rahate haiN| vastutaH, sukha bAhya vastuoM meM nahIM, apitu AtmA kA hI svabhAva (dharma) hai aura AtmA se hI prApya hai| jaise-jaise AtmA vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora lauTatI jAtI hai, vaise-vaise Atmika-sukha kI upalabdhi bar3hatI jAtI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jaise-jaise rAga-dveSa kI viSamatA miTatI jAtI hai, vaise-vaise AtmA samatA meM susthita hotI jAtI hai aura isase samasta tanAvoM evaM duHkhoM se mukti mila jAtI hai| isa prakAra dharma hI ekamAtra sAdhana hai, jo bhautika sukhoM ke mohapAza se chur3Akara Atmika-sukha kA sevana karAtA hai| (2) manovaijJAnika dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva - mAnava kA mana azva ke samAna cAroM ora daur3atA rahatA hai, kintu yadi use dharma ke dvArA niyaMtrita evaM niyamita kara diyA jAe, to yahI mana sthiratA aura pavitratA ko prApta hotA hai| isase vicAra, kalpanA, smaraNa Adi zaktiyoM kI vizeSa abhivRddhi hotI hai| ucita-anucita kA mAnasika vizleSaNa bhI samyaktayA ho pAtA hai| vyakti apane jIvana ke Atmika evaM vyAvahArika pahaluoM ke bAre meM adhika kuzalatA ke sAtha cintana, manana evaM nirNaya kara pAtA hai| (3) zaikSaNika dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva - zikSA vyakti ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa kA AdhAra hai, parantu dharma ke anuzAsana meM rahe binA vaha samyak zikSA kA arjana nahIM kara sktaa| dharma ke mAdhyama se vaha kusaMskAroM evaM uddaNDatApUrNa vyavahAroM se bacakara zikSA ke prati adhika gambhIra, ekAgra, sajaga evaM samarpita ho sakatA hai| vaha apane amUlya samaya , dhana evaM UrjA ke anAvazyaka apavyaya ko bhI roka sakatA hai aura isa taraha sarvAMgINa-zikSA kI prApti kA samyak prabandhana kara sakatA hai| (4) Arthika dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva - artha jIvana kI eka AvazyakatA hai, kintu yadi dharma kA niyantraNa na ho, to artha hI anartha kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| isase bhraSTAcAra, jhUTha-phareba, ghoTAle, vizvAsaghAta Adi aneka visaMgatiyA~ paidA ho jAtI haiM, jinheM rokane ke lie dharma ke naitika siddhAntoM kA pAlana atyanta jarUrI hai| jainadharma meM nirdiSTa ahiMsA Adi vratoM kA pAlana karake vyakti apanI Arthika nIti kA samyaka prabandhana kara sakatA hai| vaha dharma se maryAdita arthopArjana karatA huA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke patha para agrasara ho sakatA hai| (5) paryAvaraNIya dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva - yaha dharma tattva hI hai, jo hamArI asIma tRSNA ko maryAdita kara sAdagIpUrNa jIvana jIne kI preraNA detA hai| isase sahaja hI bhautika-paryAvaraNa ke sImita jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 658 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #761
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMsAdhanoM kI surakSA ho jAtI hai aura parokSa rUpa se mAnava-astitva bhI banA rahatA hai| yadi dharma na ho, to manuSya aura paryAvaraNa ke madhya kA santulana hI bhaMga ho jAe, kyoMki aniyaMtrita manuSya sadA hI paryAvaraNa para apanA ekAdhikAra jamAne kA prayatna karatA rahA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM pRthvIkAya Adi SaDjIvanikAyoM kI rakSA rUpa ahiMsA ko dharma ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karake bhautika-paryAvaraNa kI surakSA ko sunizcita kiyA gayA hai| dharma ko paribhASita karate hue bahuta spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki bhUta, varttamAna evaM bhaviSya ke sabhI arhat eka hI sandeza dete haiM ki kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie, use pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAnI cAhie, yahI ekamAtra zuddha , nitya evaM zAzvat dharma hai|" (6) sAmAjika dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva - 'dharma' zabda, jise aMgrejI meM Religion (rilIz2ana) kahA jAtA hai, kI vyutpatti hameM yaha batAtI hai ki dharma eka yojaka tattva hai, jo hameM jor3atA hai| 'rilIjana' zabda ri + lIjera se banA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai - punaH jor3ane vaalaa| isa prakAra 'rilIjana' ekatA aura sAmaMjasya kA sUcaka hai tathA yahI sAmAjika saMgaThana ke lie Avazyaka hai| jainadharma mUlataH nivRttiparaka hai, phira bhI use saMghIya dharma ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai| isameM nirdiSTa dharma sAdhanA meM dUsaroM ke hita kA bhI dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM eka-dUsare ke paraspara hita sAdhane ko jIvoM kA dAyitva batAyA gayA hai| yahA~ jIvana kI vyAkhyA 'astitva ke lie saMgharSa' (Struggle for the Existence) ke rUpa meM nahIM kI gaI hai| jainAcAryoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki astitva kA saMrakSaNa saMgharSa se nahIM, apitu pArasparika sahayoga se hI sambhava hai (The law of life is the law of cooperation) aura isIlie yahA~ saMrakSaNa, sahayoga aura sevA kI vRtti ko dharma kahA gayA hai| manuSya kA mUla dAyitva paramAtmA kI upAsanA ke sAtha-sAtha prANImAtra kI sevA karanA bhI hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, dharma aura sadAcAra eka-dUsare ke paryAyavAcI haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki manuSya ko samAja meM jInA hotA hai, lekina anItipUrvaka jIvana jIne kA prayAsa vastutaH vyakti aura samAja ke bIca ke sambandha ko bigAr3a detA hai| ataH yadi sadAcAraparaka jIvana ho, to samAja meM sahaja hI samarasatA bana sakatI hai| Aja jo sadAcAravihIna saMskRti phaila rahI hai, isase hI sAmAjika-vyavasthA dUSita ho rahI hai| sAra rUpa meM, sadAcAraparaka jIvanazailI ko protsAhita kara dharma sAmAjika vyavasthA ko banAe rakhane meM ahama yogadAna detA hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai - 'dharmo dhArayate prajAH' arthAt jo prajA (samAja) ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha dharma hai| (7) pArivArika dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva - jisa prakAra se sAmAjika saMgaThana kI dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva hai, usI prakAra se usakA mahattva pArivArika saMgaThana ke lie bhI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM dharma ke cAra dvAra batAe gae haiM - kSamA, santoSa, saralatA aura nmrtaa| 42 ye sadguNa jisa parivAra meM vidyamAna hoM, usameM svArtha, ghRNA, kleza-kalaha Adi vyavahAra kabhI nahIM ho skte| aise parivAra meM adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 659 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #762
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pratyeka sadasya apane-apane karttavyoM (dharma) ke prati sajaga tathA adhikAroM ke prati sahaja (locapUrNa) rahatA hai| svayaM dharmakRtyoM meM rata rahatA huA dUsaroM ko bhI satpreraNA detA hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM patnI (upalakSaNa se sabhI) ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha dharma meM sahAyatA karane vAlI, dharma meM sAtha dene vAlI, dharmAnurAgI tathA parivAra ke sukha-duHkha ko samAna rUpa se bA~Tane vAlI hotI hai| 43 isa prakAra, dharma ke naitika mUlya parivAra kI suvyavasthA ke lie bhI atyAvazyaka haiN| (8) rAjanItika dRSTi se dharma kA mahattva yadyapi Aja rAjanIti ko dharma-nirapekSa banAne kA prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai, parantu isake bajAya saMpradAya -nirapekSa athavA pantha - nirapekSa zabdoM kA prayoga jyAdA ucita hai| vastutaH, yadi rAjanIti ko dharmavihIna kara diyA jAe, to rAjya vyavasthA hI caramarA jaaegii| mahAtmA gA~dhI kA bhI yaha vicAra rahA hai ki 'dharma se alaga koI rAjanIti nahIM hai| 44 yadi dharma (naitikatA) ko AtmasAt karake rAjanIti kI jAe, to isameM vyApta burAiyA~ nizcita taura para samApta ho sakatI haiN| usa sthiti meM pada, pratiSThA evaM paisA mUlyahIna jAegA aura rASTrIya unnati pramukha ho jaaegii| pratyeka rAjanItijJa svArtha evaM sattA kA parityAga karake janatA kI sevA evaM sahayoga ke lie tatpara ho jAegA / sthAnAMgasUtra meM isI cetanA ko jAgrata karane hetu grAmAdi dazavidha dharma batA gae haiM (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekheM - adhyAya 9 ) / ** 45 -- isa prakAra, dharma kevala pAralaukika jIvana ko hI nahIM, apitu aihalaukika jIvana ko bhI unnata banAtA hai| dharma ko apanAkara hI vyakti kA vyaktitva pariSkRta hotA hai, ataeva jIvana meM dharma ke mahattva ko avazya svIkAra karanA cAhie, jisase dharma kA upayoga jIvana ke prabandhana hetu kiyA jA ske| parantu isa lakSya ko sAkAra karane ke lie hameM apane dhArmika vyavahAroM ko suniyojita karanA hogA, kevala dharma ke nAma para kucha kriyAkANDa kara lenA apane Apako chalane se adhika kucha nahIM hai| 8 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 660
Page #763
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 12.3 dharma aura jIvana mUlya mAnavIya jIvana meM jo bhI upayogI hai, unheM pAzcAtya - darzana meM mUlya (Values) kahA jAtA hai, jaise dhana, manoraMjana, saundarya, kalA, jJAna Adi / bhAratIya-darzana meM prakArAntara se inheM iSTa, prayojana, zreya, purUSArtha Adi kahA jAtA hai, phira bhI 'puruSArtha' zabda sarvAdhika lokapriya hai / 16 prazna uThatA hai ki bhojana, makAna, dhana, zarIra Adi ke samAna kyA dharma bhI eka jIvana - mUlya hai ? isa sandarbha meM hamAre samakSa tIna dRSTiyA~ haiM 1) bhautika, 2) naitika evaM 3) AdhyAtmika / cU~ki mUlya manuSya ke dvArA Aropita (nirdhArita kie jAte haiM, ataH mata - vibhinnatA ke kAraNa eka hI padArtha kA mUlyAMkana alaga-alaga DhaMga se hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki dharma- mUlya ke bAre meM vividha mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiN| (1) bhautika dRSTi bhautika vicAradhArA jIvana meM artha evaM bhoga ke mahattva ko to mAnatI hai, kintu dharma aura mokSa se isakA koI sarokAra nahIM hai| ataH isakI dRSTi meM dharma mUlya nahIM hai, parantu jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM iMgita kiyA hai ki jIvana ke sabhI pahaluoM - Arthika, rAjanItika, zaikSaNika, sAmAjika Adi meM dharma kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai, ataH yaha mAnyatA ucita pratIta nahIM hotI ki kevala artha aura bhoga meM hI jIvana ko bitA diyA jaae| hameM IsA masIha kA yaha vAkya smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki Man can not live by bread alone| roTI peTa kI kSudhA to zAnta kara sakatI hai, lekina hamAre mAnasa kI nahIM, use kucha aura bhI cAhie, jo mAnasa kI kSudhA ko miTA ske| 17 vastutaH artha aura bhoga hameM suvidhA aura vilAsitA to de sakate haiM, kintu mana kI santuSTi nahIM / - (2) naitika dRSTi naitika vicAradhArA bhAratIya saMskRti kI trivargavAdI vicAradhArA hai| yaha dharma, artha aura kAma tInoM ko hI mUlya mAnatI hai| isakI dRSTi meM 'dharma' ke antargata sabhI naitikamUlya, 'artha' ke antargata Arthika aura rAjanItika mUlya tathA 'kAma' ke antargata sabhI manovaijJAnika mUlyoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai 148 yadyapi bhAratIya cintana meM mUlyoM kA vargIkaraNa avazya kiyA gayA hai, lekina mUlyoM ko svatantra nahIM banAyA gayA aura na hI inake amaryAdita sevana kI svIkRti dI gii| vastutaH, isameM dharma ko sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai aura sAdhya kI bhUmikA meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai| artha aura kAma ko bhI tabhI mUlya mAnA gayA jaba ye dharma ke dvArA niyaMtrita evaM maryAdita hoM / dharma viruddha artha aura kAma ko pUrNatayA asevanIya aura Atma-vinAzaka mAnA gayA hai| artha aura bhoga ko isa prakAra mUlya kI zreNI meM lAne kA zreya dharma ko diyA gayA hai| 49 AcArya haribhadra ne bhI gRhastha jIvana hetu ina tInoM jIvana-mUlyoM ko paraspara virodha ke binA sevana karane kA nirdeza diyA hai evaM dharma ko kisI bhI adhyAya 12: dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 661 For Personal & Private Use Only 9
Page #764
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paristhiti meM tyAgane yogya nahIM mAnanA hai|50 jIvana-prabandhana kI dRSTi se yaha naitikatA sAmAjika jIvana meM atyAvazyaka hai| yadi hama dharma-mUlya ko asvIkAra kareMge, to sadAcAra kA lopa ho jAegA aura sadAcAra ke binA sAmAjika vyavasthA caramarA jAegI, ataH trivargavAdI vicAradhArA dharma ke jisa naitika pakSa para bala detI hai, usI ke anurUpa hameM jIvana meM dharma ko apanAnA hogA aura dharmAnukUla arthopArjana evaM bhogopabhoga karanA hogaa| yadi hama dharma ko kevala bAhya ADambara ke rUpa meM karate raheMge, to bhI usase lAbha nahIM hogA, kyoMki vaha tathAkathita dharma bhI artha aura bhoga ko niyaMtrita evaM sAmAjika-vyavasthA ko suvyavasthita nahIM kara skegaa| pAzcAtya vicAraka breDale ne bhI apanI pustaka Ethical Study meM isa satya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki nItivihIna dharma, dharma nahIM hai aura dharmavihIna nIti, nIti nahIM hai| jainAcAryoM ne bhI isIlie dharma ko bhAvapradhAna batAyA hai| unake anusAra, azubha bhAvoM se nivRtti aura zubha bhAvoM meM pravRtti dharma (vyavahAra dharma) hai| isa prakAra, trivargavAdI vicAradhArA dharma ko jIvana kA sarvocca-mUlya mAnatI hai aura isase hI vyAvahArika-jIvana kA prabandhana karane kA nirdeza bhI detI hai| (3) AdhyAtmika-dRSTi __ AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA bhAratIya saMskRti kI caturvargIya vicAradhArA hai, jisameM dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa - ina cAroM purUSArthoM ko jIvana-mUlya ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| isakI dRSTi meM dharma yadi naitika-mUlya hai, to mokSa AdhyAtmika-mUlya hai| donoM meM antara yaha hai ki dharma ke dvArA sAmAjika-jIvana sucAru rUpa se calatA hai, to mokSa ke dvArA vyakti apanI Atmika zaktiyoM kA anAvaraNa/zuddhikaraNa kara AdhyAtmika-jIvana ko suprabandhita karatA hai| antara ke sAtha-sAtha donoM meM paraspara sambandha bhI hai| vastutaH, dharma yadi sAdhana ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA jAe, to yaha vyakti ko AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI dizA meM le jAtA hai, jisa para calakara vyakti antataH mokSa rUpI sAdhya kI prApti karatA hai| ___ jainadarzana bhI mUlataH AdhyAtmika-vicAradhArA para AdhArita hai| yahA~ mokSa-purUSArtha ko hI uttama mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki usake binA dharma, artha aura kAma se bhI 'paramasukha' kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| dharma kA sthAna artha aura kAma kI tulanA meM to ucca svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu mokSa kI dRSTi se yaha bhI eka sAdhana hI hai| antara itanA hai ki jahA~ trivargavAdI vicAradhArA meM dharma ko sAdhya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vahIM purUSArtha-catuSTaya vAlI jaina-vicAradhArA meM dharma ko eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM hI dekhA gayA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainadarzana meM mukhyataH do mUlyoM para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai - dharma aura mokss| mokSa parama mUlya hai aura dharma mokSa kA rAjamArga hai| dharma kA yaha rUpa vastutaH azubha se zubha nahIM, apitu zubha se zuddha (sAkSIbhAva) kI ora pravartana kA pratIka hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 662 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #765
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAmAjika stara se Upara uThAkara vyakti ko mokSAnukUla banAne kA prayAsa hai| jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, isa stara para dharma kI pravRtti mUlataH Atmakendrita (Spiritual) hotI hai, jisameM jar3a aura cetana ke bheda - jJAna kI mukhyatA hotI hai / AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM cAroM jIvana-mUlyoM ko paraspara eka-dUsare meM gUMthane kA kArya bhI kiyA gayA hai| eka hI sAdhaka apane sAdhanAkAla meM cAroM ko santulita aura samanvita karatA huA Age bar3ha sake, yaha vyavasthA yahA~ samyaktayA nirdiSTa hai| udAharaNArtha, jaina muni bhikSArtha bhramaNa karatA hai evaM yAcanAdi karake bhikSA prApta karatA hai (artha - mUlya), vaha deha - rakSaNArtha evaM saMyama-pAlanArtha AhAra - grahaNa karatA hai ( bhoga - mUlya), vaha AhAracaryA meM hue doSoM kA prAyazcita karatA hai (dharma-mUlya) aura AhAroparAnta nija Atma-svarUpa meM lIna ho jAtA hai (mokSa - mUlya ) / jainAcAryoM ne ina cAroM mUlyoM ko paraspara jor3e rakhane ke lie yaha vyavasthA dI hai ki muni artha aura bhoga kI pUrti karate hue bhI dharma-mUlya kA apalApa na kre| vaha dharmAnukUla samiti, gupti Adi kA jAgRtipUrvaka pAlana karatA huA anAcAroM se dUra rhe| vaha dharmapravRtti karate hue bhI kahIM AtmalakSya na bhUla jAe, yaha sAvadhAnI bhI usase apekSita hai| isa hetu use bArambAra mokSAnukUla dharma karane kI preraNA jainAcAryoM ne dI hai| yahA~ yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hogA ki jainazAstroM meM kevala muni hI nahIM, apitu gRhastha ko bhI cAroM jIvana-mUlyoM ko paraspara gU~thate hue apane jIvana ko Age bar3hAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki dharma vaha jIvana-mUlya hai, jo eka setu (Bridge) ke samAna kArya karatA hai| eka ora vaha artha evaM bhoga ko niyaMtrita karate hue mUlya kI zreNI meM lAtA hai tathA sAmAjika jIvana ko suvyavasthita karane meM sAdhya rUpa siddha hotA hai, to dUsarI ora vaha AdhyAtmika jIvana (mokSa) ko suniyojita karane meM sAdhana rUpa se apanI bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki dharma ke binA mokSa, artha evaM kAma tInoM hI nirAdhAra ho jAte haiN| 663 === adhyAya 12: dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 11
Page #766
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 12.4 aniyojita dharmanIti ke duSpariNAma pichalI carcA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAnava-jIvana meM dharma kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha vaha tattva hai, jo prANI ko azubha bhAvoM se nivRtta evaM zubha bhAvoM meM pravRtta karatA huA, antataH zuddha bhAvoM meM ramaNatA kI dizA meM le jAtA hai| dharma na ho, to prANI zuddha evaM zubha bhAvoM se patita hokara azubha bhAvoM ke gartta meM gira jAtA hai| phira bhI varttamAna yuga meM vyakti dharma kA samyak mUlyAMkana hI nahIM kara pA rahA hai| vaha yA to dharma ko anAvazyaka jAnakara usase dUra ho rahA hai athavA dharma karate hue bhI samyak prakAra se dharma na karake svayaM ko hI chala rahA hai| Aja dharmanIti meM na samagratA hai aura na sntulittaa| yaha bAta nimna binduoM se spaSTa ho jAtI hai (1) Aja saMpradAyoM ke AdhAra para dharma ko dekhA jA rahA hai DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne kahA hai dharma bhinna hai evaM saMpradAya bhinna hai / dharma (rilIjana) zabda jor3ane kA sUcaka hai, jabaki saMpradAya yA School zabda vibhAjana kA sUcaka hai| yaha satya hai ki saMpradAya eka vyavasthA hai, jisake mAdhyama se dharma taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI saMpradAya ko dharma nahIM kahA jA sktaa| dharma to hamArA svabhAva hai, ataH vaha Antarika hai, jabaki saMpradAya kA sambandha bAhya paramparAoM ( rUr3hiyoM) taka hI sImita hai aura isIlie vaha bAharI hai| ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki sAMpradAyikatA meM dharma nahIM hai| dharma ko lakSya banAkara to saMpradAya meM rahA jA sakatA hai, kintu saMpradAya ko lakSya banAkara dharma meM nahIM rahA jA sktaa| jahA~ dharmarahita saMpradAya hai, vahA~ ThIka vaisI hI sthiti hai, jaisI AtmA se rahita zarIra (zava) kI 153 varttamAna yuga kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai dharma ko chor3akara saMpradAyoM, matoM, panthoM Adi ko bar3hAvA milnaa| Aja vyakti mUla dharma ko bhUlatA jA rahA hai aura jaina, bauddha, hindU, muslima, sikkha, IsAI Adi saMpradAyoM ko hI dharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM, ina saMpradAyoM kI nita naI-naI zAkhAe~ - prazAkhAe~ bhI astitva meM A rahI haiN| zrImadrAjacaMdra ke anusAra, inake sambhAvita kAraNa nimnalikhita haiM 54 sAdhuoM kI AcAra zithilatA moha kA prabhAva - buddhi kI nyUnatA duHSamakAla (kaliyuga) kA prabhAva AcAryoM kA ahaM evaM tajjanya vAda-vivAda 12 -- zAstrajJAna kI kamI pravarttana karane vAle ko anukaraNa karane vAloM kA andha samarthana jaise-jaise saMpradAyoM kA mahattva bar3hatA jA rahA hai, vaise-vaise dharma ke nAma para hamAre mAnasa meM vaicArika ghRNA, vidveSa aura bikharAva bhI bar3hatA jA rahA hai| sabhI saMpradAyavAdI apanI-apanI satyatA kA dAvA karate hue dUsaroM ko bhrAnta aura bhraSTa batA rahe haiM / upadezaka bhI zabdoM meM ekatA aura sAmaMjasya jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva mArga pravarttana ke pazcAt sanmArga prApta hone para bhI use grahaNa karane meM haThadharmitA For Personal & Private Use Only 664
Page #767
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kI bAta bhale hI kara rahe hoM, lekina apane-apane gaccha, mata, pantha kI rUr3hiyoM kA durAgraha nahIM chor3a pA rahe haiN| ina moha-grasta jIvoM ke bAre meM santa AnandaghanajI kahate haiM - gacchanAM bheda bahu nayaNa nihAlatAM, tattvanI vAta karatAM na laaje| udarabharaNAdi nija kAja karatAM thakAM, moha naDiyA kalikAla raaje|| jainazAstroM meM dRSTi kI saMkIrNatA ko 'dRSTi-rAga' batAyA gayA hai| isake phalasvarUpa vyakti matAndha hokara svamata kA sthApana (maNDana) aura paramata kA utthApana (khaNDana) kara rahA hai| kaTTaratA itanI bar3ha gaI hai ki mAnava-dharma aura mAnava jAti kA astitva hI khatare meM hai, kyoMki sabhI apanA varcasva cAhate haiM aura dharma ke nAma para AtaMkavAda, narasaMhAra, daMge-phasAda karane se bhI nahIM hicaka rahe haiN| vastutaH, dharma to nirAkulatA aura samAdhi kA mArga hai, lekina sAMpradAyikatA ke bar3hane se dharma ke nAma para hiMsA, jhUTha Adi pApakRtya ho rahe haiN| vartamAna pariveza meM jainadarzana kI dhArmika-sAhiSNutA vAlI dRSTi ko apanAne kI AvazyakatA hai, jo saMpradAya se Upara uThakara dharma ko AtmasAt karane kI preraNA detI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne kahA bhI hai - jinhoMne rAga-dveSa Adi kA kSaya kara diyA ho, ve cAhe brahmA hoM, viSNu hoM, ziva hoM yA jina hoM, unheM namaskAra hai| zrI satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA ke zabdoM meM7 dharma na hindu bauddha hai, dharma na muslima jain| dharma citta kI zuddhatA, dharma zAMti sukha cain|| (2) Alambana ke sthAna para ADambara ko hI dharma mAnA jA rahA hai - vartamAna yuga meM suvidhA aura vilAsitA ke prati vyakti kA prema bar3ha rahA hai| vaha dhArmika sthaloM para bhI bhavya maNDapa evaM maMca kA nirmANa, vAtAnakalita dharmazAlA kA nirmANa, AkarSaka rozanI. AtizabAjI, gariSTha bhojana Adi ADambaroM ko bar3hAvA de rahA hai| pariNAma yaha hai ki dharmasthAnoM para bhI hama bhogoM ke saMskAroM ko hI pragAr3ha kara rahe haiN| dharma kA mUla sambandha to sadAcAra se hai, lekina hama dharma ke nAma para AcArahIna hote jA rahe haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM sAdagIpUrNa DhaMga se dharma karane para jora dete hue kahA gayA hai58 - dharma kI dhurA ko khIMcane ke lie dhana kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? dharma ke lie to sadAcAra hI apekSita hai, lekina hamane Aja dharma kI bAgaDora dhanavAnoM ko sauMpa dI hai| (3) dharma ko manoraMjana kA sAdhana mAnA jA rahA hai - Aja dharma karane kA artha kevala kucha samaya kA manoraMjana mAtra hai| jaise manoraMjana ke lie vyakti hAsya, gapazapa Adi karatA hai, vaise hI dhArmika sthaloM para bhI vaha dhArmika tambolA, antAkSarI Adi kheloM dvArA apanA manoraMjana karatA hai| tIrtha sthAnoM ko bhI pikanIka-spaoNTa athavA hila sTezana jaisA mAnakara ghUmane-phirane jAtA hai| dhArmika sabhAoM meM bhI upadeza-zravaNa ke lie nahIM, apitu mana 665 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 13 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #768
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bahalAne ke lie jAtA hai| kaI loga to tIrthoM yA gurujanoM ke darzanArtha jAte hue bhI rAste meM tAza khelate haiM, myujika sunate haiM aura dharmazAlAoM Adi ke zuddha bhojana ko chor3akara hoTala evaM hAtha-TheloM meM banI azuddha vastuoM ko cAva se khAte haiM aadi-aadi| pariNAma yaha hai ki inheM dharma kA vAstavika lAbha nahIM mila paataa| jo dharma Atmika-zAnti kA sAdhana hai, vahI dharma phurasata ke kSaNoM meM sastA manoraMjana karane kA sAdhana bana jAtA hai| puNya karma ke bajAe pApa karmoM ko saMcita karane kA mAdhyama bana jAtA hai| jainazAstroM meM ina pApoM kI pragAr3hatA ke bAre meM cetAvanI dete hue kahA gayA hai - anya sthAne kRtaM pApaM, dharmasthAne vimucyte| dharmasthAne kRtaM pApaM, vajralepo bhvissyti|| arthAt dUsare sthAnoM para kiyA gayA pApa to dharmasthAnoM para dUra ho sakatA hai, paratu dharmasthAnoM para jisa pApa kA sevana kiyA jAtA hai, usase chuTakArA pAnA atyanta kaThina hai, vaha to vaja ke lepa ke samAna dRr3ha ho jAtA hai| (4) Aja dharma ko vyAvasAyika dRSTi se dekhA jA rahA hai - vartamAna yuga meM vyakti kA najariyA pUrI taraha vyAvasAyika (Professional) ho gayA hai| vaha hara samaya apane bhautika-lAbha ke avasara khojatA rahatA hai| dharma ko bhI vaha Arthika, pArivArika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika Adi kSetroM meM apanI unnati ke lie apanAtA hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki dharma karane se mujhe pada, paisA, pratiSThA, yaza-kIrti Adi saba kucha mila jaaegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha naukarI, vivAha, putra-prApti, arthalAbha Adi ke lie japa-tapAdi karatA hai aura manoratha kI pUrti hone para dAnAdi karane kA saMkalpa bhI karatA hai| yadyapi vaha ise dharma mAnatA hai, parantu vAstava meM yaha dharma nahIM vyApAra hai| ise jainAcAryoM ne ajJAna-kriyA kahA hai, jisakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki vyakti dharma ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmika unnati kara pAne se vaMcita raha jAtA hai| pratyuta andhavizvAsa evaM andharUr3hiyoM kA poSaNa kara mithyAtva ko majabUta karatA rahatA hai| (5) dharma ko sAmAjika evaM rAjanItika pratiSThA kI prApti kA mAdhyama mAnA jA rahA hai - ____ mAna-sammAna kI bhUkha vartamAna yuga meM sarvatra bar3hatI jA rahI hai| ise miTAne ke lie vyakti dharma se bhI jur3atA hai| vaha dharma ke bahAne samAja ke sadasyoM ke sAtha samparka evaM sambandha banAtA hai| pahale kAryakartA ke rUpa meM apanI sAmAjika pahacAna banAtA hai aura phira adhika yaza-kIrti pAne hetu vizeSa dAnAdi dekara apane nAma kI takhtI lagavAtA hai| dharma-kSetroM meM apanA varcasva sthApita karane ke lie jor3a-tor3a karatA hai evaM nyAsI, adhyakSa, upAdhyakSa, saciva Adi padoM kI prApti hetu daur3a-dhUpa karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha dharma nahIM karate hue bhI rAjanItika lAbha uThAne ke lie dharma karane kA dikhAvA karatA hai| 14 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 666 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #769
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki vyakti svayaM aura samAja donoM ko chalatA hai| vaha puNyazAlI kahalAte hue bhI pApArjana hI karatA hai| vaha na upAsanA-paddhati ke prati samarpita hotA hai aura na hI aMtaraMga bhAvoM ko pariSkRta kara pAtA hai| (6) laukika dharma ko hI lokottara dharma mAnA jA rahA hai - dharma ke do prakAra haiM - laukika evaM lokottr| 60 pahalA vyakti ko sAmAjika jIvana yA vyAvahArika jIvana jIne kI kalA sikhAtA hai aura dUsarA AdhyAtmika jIvana arthAt mokSa-mArga para calane kI kalA sikhAtA hai| Aja kucha loga kevala laukika dharma ko hI sampUrNa mAna rahe haiN| unakI dRSTi meM kevala alpa upAsanA yA mAnavIya vyavahAra hI dharma kI itizrI hai, isase Upara jIvana kA koI sAdhya nhiiN| pariNAma yaha nikalatA hai ki mAnava se mahAmAnava banane kI jo yogyatA prApta huI hai, usakA sadupayoga nahIM ho paataa| aise vyakti bhale hI rASTrIya, pArivArika, vyAvasAyika Adi bAhya (laukika) karttavyoM kA nirvAha kara leM, lekina Atmika karttavyoM se vaMcita raha jAte haiN| unake bhItara kSamA, mRdutA, saralatA, nirlobhatA Adi sadguNoM kA samucita vikAsa nahIM ho paataa| vastutaH, sAdhya kI sImitatA se sadguNoM kI upalabdhi bhI sImita ho jAtI hai| hama laukika dharmAnuyAyI se usa guNavattA ke kSamAdi sadguNoM kI apekSA nahIM kara sakate, jo lokottara satpurUSoM meM hote haiN| (7) ekAMgI dharma ko hI sarvAMgINa mAnA jA rahA hai - dharma tabhI saphala hai, jaba usameM sarvAMgINatA ho| vartamAna yuga kI viDambanA yaha hai ki dharmAnuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA to bar3ha rahI hai, kintu inameM se adhikAMza dharma ke kisI eka pahalU ko hI pakar3akara baiThe hue haiN| zrImadrAjacaMdra kahate haiM ki koI kriyA-jar3a hokara kevala bAhya karma-kANDa meM anurakta hai, to koI zuSka-jJAnI hokara apane pANDitya kA pradarzana karatA hai| vastutaH dharma ke nikaTa pahu~cakara bhI sarvAMgINatA ke abhAva meM bhAvAtmaka sudhAra na ho pAne se jJAniyoM ko inheM dekhakara karuNA AtI hai| socA jA sakatA hai ki yadi koI japa-tapa, mAlA-pATha, pratikramaNAdi kriyAoM ko yantra ke samAna karatA rahe aura usake jIvana meM ahiMsA, anAgraha evaM aparigraha kI vRtti na ho, to kyA ise dharma kahA jAe? kAryoM ko totA-raTana ke samAna karatA rahe aura usake jIvana meM maitrI, pramoda, karuNA evaM mAdhyastha bhAvanA na ho, to kyA use dharma kahA jAe? uttara spaSTa hai ki inheM dharma nahIM kahA jA sktaa| dharma na hone para bhI Aja ekAMgI dharma sAdhanA kA hI bolabAlA hai| isakA pariNAma yaha hai ki apane samaya, sAmarthya evaM saMsAdhanoM kA prayoga karake bhI vyakti dharma kA yathocita lAbha nahIM le pA rahA hai, vaha usa andhe yA laMgar3e vyakti ke samAna hai, jo cAhatA huA bhI apane gantavya taka nahIM pahu~ca sktaa| 667 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #770
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (8) akramika vikAsa ko hI dharma mAnA jA rahA hai - prabandhana kA mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai - kArya meM kramabaddhatA kA honaa| saphalatA tabhI milatI hai, jaba hama kArya ko kramabaddha DhaMga se sampAdita karate haiN| yahI niyama dhArmika-vikAsa ke lie bhI lAgU hotA hai| jainadharmadarzana meM isa hetu guNasthAna siddhAnta nirdiSTa hai, jisameM spaSTatayA batAyA gayA hai ki kisa vyakti ko kisa bhUmikA meM, kisa prakAra kA dhArmika vyavahAra karanA yogya hai| isI AdhAra para sthUla rUpa se dharma ko do pramukha bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai - gRhasthadharma evaM munidharma / vartamAna yuga kI yaha viDambanA hai ki dharmAbhilASIjana isa kramika vyavasthA kA hI apalApa karane meM lage haiN| ve kabhI apanI bhUmikA se nIce Akara, to kabhI U~cI chalAMga lagAkara dharmakRtya kara rahe haiN| udAharaNArtha, koI gRhastha bhAvAveza meM Akara mAsakSamaNa (eka mAsa kA upavAsa) kara letA hai, to vahI gRhastha bAda meM tambAkU sevana kI vRtti kA tyAga nahIM kara paataa| isI prakAra koI zrAvikA pratidina pratikramaNa (doSa tyAgane kI kriyA) to karatI hai, lekina choTI-choTI ghaTanAoM se vicalita ho jAtI hai ityaadi| isakA duSpariNAma yaha hai ki vyakti kA aMtaraMga (bhAvAtmaka) dhArmika vikAsa vyavasthita DhaMga se nahIM ho rahA hai| aniyojita evaM akramika purUSArtha karane se vaha lakSya kI prApti nahIM kara pA rahA hai| jainakathAnakoM meM paMdraha sau tApasoM kA varNana milatA hai, jinhoMne bodhi (samyagjJAna) prApti ke binA hI kaThora sAdhanA karate hue svayaM ko durbala evaM kRzakAya kara DAlA, parantu sAdhanA kI siddhi nahIM ho skii| jaba unheM guru gautamasvAmI kA samAgama evaM pratibodha prApta huA, to alpakAla meM hI siddhi prApta ho gii| AcArya kundakunda ne bhI kahA hai - ajJAnapUrvaka (akramika) kie jAne vAle bAla-tapa se lAkhoM-karor3oM janmoM meM jitane karma khapate haiM, utane karma jJAnapUrvaka sAdhanA karane se zvAsamAtra meM khapa jAte haiN| ataeva akramika dhArmika vikAsa kA prayAsa bhI aniyojita jIvanazailI kA paricAyaka hai| ___ isa prakAra, uparyukta sabhI tathA vistAra-bhaya se akathita anya kaI visaMgatiyoM ko sudhAranA jIvana-prabandhaka kA eka Avazyaka karttavya bana jAtA hai| isa hetu jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para Age carcA kI jA rahI hai| ===== ===== 16 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 668 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #771
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 65 12.5 jainadharma evaM jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para dhArmika-vyavahAra -prabandhana jainadharma evaM jainaAcAramImAMsA meM dhArmika vyavahAra prabandhana ke do pakSa batAe haiM - saiddhAntika evaM praayogik| jahA~ saiddhAntika pakSa dhArmika-vyavahAroM kA samyaka niyojana karane hetu sUtra pradAna karatA hai, vahIM prAyogika pakSa una sUtroM ko saphalatApUrvaka jIvana meM kriyAnvita karane hetu mArgadarzana detA hai| donoM pakSoM kA samyak samanvaya karake hI dhArmika vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - jisa prakAra eka pahie se ratha nahIM cala sakatA, usI prakAra mAtra jJAna yA mAtra AcaraNa se lakSya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI, lakSya prApti ke lie donoM kA samanvaya jarurI hai| 12.5.1 dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kA saiddhAntika pakSa dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie sarvaprathama hameM saiddhAntika pakSa ke mAdhyama se dharma ke bAre meM apane jJAna aura dRSTikoNa ko samIcIna karanA hogaa| hameM yaha samajhanA hogA ki dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kyA hai? kyoM Avazyaka hai? isake lie kina sAdhanoM ko svIkAra karanA cAhie aura kinakA parihAra karanA cAhie? ityaadi| vastutaH, jainadRSTi meM sadaiva jJAna ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM spaSTa kahA hai ki prathama jJAna honA Avazyaka hai, usake pazcAt ahiMsA Adi jiivn-vyvhaar| dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana hetu jina siddhAntoM ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai, ve isa prakAra haiM - 12.5.2 dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kyA hai? __jIvana ko dharmamaya banAne kI prakriyA hI dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana hai, kintu isakA artha kevala jAdU-Tone athavA andharUr3hi evaM andhavizvAsa para AdhArita kucha anuSThAna karanA nahIM hai| yaha bhI socanA galata hogA ki pUjA, arcanAdi kucha dharma-kRtyoM ko karane mAtra se hamArA dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana sambandhI dAyitva pUrNa ho jaaegaa| vastutaH, dhArmika vyavahAroM ke prabandhana kA tAtparya usa prakriyA se hai, jisase gujara kara hamAre jIvana meM naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA samyak vikAsa ho ske| isa prakriyA ke antargata tIna kArya kramazaH karane yogya haiM - 1) azubha bhAvoM se nivRtta honA, jaise - krodha, IrSyA, vaira, hiMsA, ahaMkAra evaM anya svArthaparaka (doSapUrNa) vyvhaar| 2) zubha bhAvoM meM pravRtta honA, jaise - dayA, karuNA, komalatA, saralatA, svAdhyAya, bhakti Adi sdvyvhaar| 3) zuddha bhAvoM kA abhyAsa karanA yAni AtmaramaNatA, svarUpa ramaNatA, sAkSIbhAva, jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva, akaSAyaguNa Adi kA prayatna krnaa| 669 adhyAya 12: dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #772
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 12.5.3 dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana, Akhira kyoM? yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jIvana meM dhArmika vyavahAroM kA prabandhana karane kI Akhira kyA AvazyakatA hai? yadi hama ise na kareM, to kyA antara par3egA? jainadRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai ki jisa prakAra hameM vyApArAdi bAhya kriyAkalApoM kA prabandhana Avazyaka lagatA hai, usI prakAra dhArmika vyavahAroM kA prabandhana yA samyak niyojana karanA bhI hamAre jIvana kA eka Avazyaka karttavya hai aura yadi hama aisA nahIM karate haiM, to hamAre jIvana meM naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA hI abhAva ho jaaegaa| jainaparamparA meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki yadi hama samyak prabandhana ke abhAva meM dharmAcaraNa se rahita hokara jIvana-yApana karate haiM, to hamArA jIvana niSphala hai aura isake viparIta ! bitAyA gayA jIvana saphala ho jAtA hai|" Azaya yaha hai ki saphalatA kA mApadaNDa artha evaM bhoga sambandhI upalabdhiyA~ nahIM, apitu dhArmika vyavahAroM kA samyak vikAsa karanA hai| ataH yadi koI cAhe ki maiM jIvana ke Arthika, sAmAjika, pArivArika, zArIrika Adi anya vyavahAroM ko prabandhita karake dhArmika vyavahAroM kA prabandhana kara lU~gA, to aise jIvoM ko sAvaceta karate hue dharmakRtyoM ko prAthamikatA dene ke lie kahA gayA hai| dazavaikAlika meM spaSTa kahA hai - 'jaba taka bur3hApA nahIM AtA, vyAdhiyA~ nahIM bar3hatI, indriyA~ zithila nahIM hotI, taba taka samyaktayA dharmAcaraNa kara lenA caahie| 68 uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke dasaveM adhyAya meM bArambAra yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki manuSya-jIvana nazvara, durlabha evaM kaI prakAra kI bAdhAoM se yukta hai, ataH dharmArAdhana meM eka kSaNa kA bhI pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| jainAcAryoM ne dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie Atma-jAgRti banAne para jora isIlie diyA hai, kyoMki yadi hama inakA prabandhana nahIM kareMge, to isa jIvana meM prApta naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke vikAsa kI yogyatA niSphala ho jAegI aura isake pariNAmasvarUpa hama zuddha bhAvoM se vaMcita rahate hue zubha bhAvoM se bhI nIce gira jAe~ge, phira hamArA jIvana-yApana ekamAtra azubha bhAvoM meM hI hogaa| azubha bhAvoM se saMcAlita hokara hamArA bAhya vyavahAra bhI azubha ho jAegA, jisameM kevala artha evaM bhoga kI pradhAnatA hogii| hamAre vyavahAra meM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya evaM parigraha - ina pA~coM adharmoM (pApa) kA aniyaMtrita sevana hogaa| isa prakAra, "yaha mere pAsa hai aura yaha mere pAsa nahIM hai, yaha mujhe karanA hai aura yaha mujhe nahIM karanA hai' - aisA artha-bhoga sambandhI vicAra karate-karate hI eka dina kAlarUpI cora prANaharaNa kara legaa| isa prakAra se vyatIta kie jAne vAle jIvana kA jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para samyak vizleSaNa evaM mUlyAMkana kiyA jAe, to nimnalikhita niSkarSa hamAre sAmane Ate haiM - 18 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 670 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #773
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAmAjika jIvana kA asta-vyasta honA jIvana meM dhArmika - vyavahAroM kA samyak prabandhana na hone se vyakti kA vyavahAra svArthaparaka ho jAtA hai, jisase vaha anyoM ke sAtha ucita vyavahAra bhI nahIM kara pAtA hai| jIvana meM krodha, mAna, chala-kapaTa, vizvAsaghAta, IrSyA Adi doSoM ke kAraNa sambandhoM meM darAreM AtI rahatI haiM aura aksara kleza- kalaha kA vAtAvaraNa banA rahatA hai| mAnasika azAnti honA yaha mAnyatA bhramapUrNa hai ki dharma kA varttamAna se koI sambandha nahIM hai| vastutaH, dharma to nagada kA saudA hai, jo tatkAla mAnasika zAnti detA hai, parantu jIvana meM dharma kA samyak prabandhana na hone vyakti Akula-vyAkula hotA rahatA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai| dharma kA phala to usI samaya milatA hai, kyoMki jaise hI moha TUTatA hai, tRSNA chUTatI hai, cAha aura cintA kama ho jAtI hai, vaise hI mana zAnti aura Ananda bhara jAtA hai, yahI to dharma kA phala hai / " ,70 -- 71 cAha gaI cintA miTI, manuvA beparavAha | jisako kachu na cAhie, vaha zAhana kA zAha / / ihalaukika duHkhoM kI prApti honA naitika evaM AdhyAtmika sadguNoM ke abhAva meM vyakti kI Atma-niyantraNa kI kSamatA samApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha amaryAdita vyavahAra bhI kara baiThatA hai / mAnavatA kA hrAsa ho jAne se vaha kaI bAra loka - viruddha kArya kara letA hai, jisase artha-hAni, apayaza, anAdara, tiraskAra, daNDa Adi bhI prApta hote haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki jo samyak dhArmika-vyavahAra - prabandhana karegA, use kabhI bhI ina avAMchanIya sthitiyoM kA sAmanA nahIM karanA par3egA / - 671 -- pAralaukika duHkhoM kI prApti honA jainazAstroM meM kahA gayA hai manuSya janma mUladhana ke samAna hai aura jIvAtmA vyApArI ke samAna hai| yadi jIvAtmA samyak dharmamaya vyavahAra kare, to uttarottara svarga evaM mokSa ke lAbha kI prApti kara sakatA hai, kintu yadi vaha adharmamaya vyApAra (vyavahAra) kare, to mUladhana ko gavA~kara naraka aura tiryaca rUpa durgatiyoM ko bhI prApta kara sakatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki azubha bhAvoM se pApa karmoM kA bandhana hotA hai, jo durgatiyoM meM le jAkara kaSTa aura pIr3A detA hai| 72 vastutaH yaha dhArmika vyavahAra kA samyak prabandhana nahIM karane kA duSpariNAma hai| jIvana ke kisI bhI kSetra meM samyak vikAsa kA na ho pAnA vyakti jIvana ke zaikSaNika, Arthika, rAjanItika, AdhyAtmika Adi pratyeka kSetra meM apanI pragati cAhatA hai, kintu samyak dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana na hone se usakI mAnasika evaM zArIrika UrjA kA sahI dizA meM niyojana nahIM ho paataa| vaha 'anarthadaNDa' (aprayojanabhUta kriyA) meM hI puNyodaya se prApta sAmagriyoM kA apavyaya kara detA hai, jisase ucita jIvana-lakSya kI prApti nahIM ho pAtI aura vaha jIvana meM samyak pragati nahIM kara pAtA / adhyAya 12: dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only - - 19
Page #774
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uparyukta binduoM se spaSTa hai ki dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kI jIvana meM nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| yahI vaha mAdhyama hai, jisake dvArA hama jIvana kA samyak prabandhana kara sakate haiN| yadi hama dhArmika vyavahAroM kA jIvana meM ucita prabandhana nahIM kareMge, to yaha nizcita hai ki zikSA, samaya, zarIra, vANI, mana, paryAvaraNa, samAja Adi jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM kA bhI samyak-prabandhana sambhava nahIM hogaa| 12.5.4 dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kaise-kaise kiyA jAtA hai? dhArmika-vyaktitva kA samyak nirmANa karane ke lie hameM dharma ko samagratA se svIkAra karanA hogaa| kevala ekapakSIya dharma kabhI saphala nahIM ho sktaa| isa hetu jainaAcArazAstroM meM nirdiSTa dhArmika-vyavahAroM ko unake vividha AyAmoM ke sAtha grahaNa karanA hogaa| dasare zabdoM meM, hameM yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hogA ki dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kaise-kaise hotA hai aura isake vividha AyAmoM ke kyA-kyA lAbha haiM? isase hI hameM apanI bhUmikAnusAra samyak dharmavidhi ke cayana kI sahI samajhA aaegii| dharma-sAdhanA ke vividha AyAma isa prakAra haiM - (1) dharma upAsanAtmaka bhI hai aura AcaraNAtmaka bhI hai dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie jaina-paramparA meM dharma ke do rUpoM kA varNana milatA hai - upAsanAtmaka evaM aacrnnaatmk| yadi gaharAI meM jAkara dekheM, to nizcita hI upAsanAtmaka dharma kA mahattva samajha meM AtA hai| isake do vibhAga haiM - jJAnAtmaka evaM kriyaatmk| ye donoM vibhAga una sAdhanoM ke samAna haiM, jinase AcaraNAtmaka dharmarUpI sAdhya kI siddhi sambhava hai, parantu yadi hama sAdhana ko hI sAdhya mAna leMge, to kahIM na kahIM dharma hamAre vyavahAra meM caritArtha nahIM ho pAegA aura isIlie dharma kA jIvana meM lAbha bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hogaa| vastutaH, hameM upAsanAtmaka dharma kA samyaka sAdhana kI taraha prayoga karake AcaraNAtmaka dharma ko jIvana meM utAranA hogaa| ina donoM kA samyak samanvaya karane hetu hameM upAsanAtmaka dharma ke dvArA dhArmika-mUlyoM kA jJAna prApta kara usake AdhAra para jIvana ke dRSTikoNa meM sakArAtmaka parivartana karanA hogA aura antataH AcaraNAtmaka dharma ke dvArA jIvana-vyavahAra meM dharma ko utAranA hogaa| yaha nimna sAraNI se spaSTa hai - dharma ke prakAra vividha kArya uddezya sadRza 1) upAsanAtmaka ka) jJAnAtmaka svAdhyAya (satsaMga) - vAMcanA, pRcchanA, saiddhAntika zikSA Like theoretical study in the anuprekSA, parAvarttanA, dharmakathA aadi| kI prApti classroom kha) kriyAtmaka devapUjA, guru-upAsanA, sAmAyika, prAyogika zikSA Like practical study in the pratikramaNa, japa-tapa, pauSadha aadi| kI prApti laboratory/workshop 2) AcaraNAtmaka karttavya-sajagatA. vikaTa paristhiti meM dharmazikSA kA Like implementation of samatA, jIvana vyavahAra meM kSamAdi guNoM jIvana meM prayoga various studies in the kA samAveza aadi| practical life 20 For Personal & Private Use Only www.jabrary.org
Page #775
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (2) dharma laukika bhI hai aura lokottara bhI hai dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie jainazAstroM meM do prakAra ke dharmoM kA pAlana karane kA nirdeza bhI milatA hai - laukika dharma evaM lokottara dhrm| laukika dharma kA sambandha parivAra, samAja evaM rASTra ke prati dAyitvoM ke zAntipUrvaka nirvAha se hai, jabaki lokottara dharma kA sambandha Atmika karttavyoM ke nirvAha se hai| cUMki munivarga Atma-kalyANa ke lie pUrNa saMkalpita evaM samarpita hotA hai, ataH use lokottara dharma kA samyak pAlana karanA hotA hai, parantu gRhasthavarga ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha laukika evaM lokottara donoM dharmoM kA samyak pAlana kre| dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke antargata jina laukika evaM lokottara dharmoM ke madhya gRhastha varga ko santulana banAnA Avazyaka hai, unake kucha mukhya bindu jainazAstroM ke AdhAra para isa prakAra hai - (ka) laukika dharma - saptavyasana kA tyAga karanA, pUrva nirdiSTa grAmAdi dasa dharmoM kA pAlana karanA, nItipUrvaka vyApAra karanA, ziSTAcArapUrvaka jInA, samAna kula vAle kintu anya gotrIya ke sAtha vivAha karanA, deza meM pracalita AcAra-saMhitA kA pAlana karanA, zAsana ke adhikArI Adi kI nindA nahIM karanA, satpurUSoM kI saMgati karanA, mAtA-pitA kI sevA karanA, samAja-nindita kArya nahIM karanA , sAMpradAyika durAgraha nahIM rakhanA, ucita uttaradAyitva kA nirvAha karanA, upakArI ke prati kRtajJa rahanA, sevA-sahayoga Adi se sabakA priya bananA, pIr3itoM para dayA karanA, mArgAnusArI guNoM kA pAlana karanA ityaadi| (kha) lokottara dharma - mukti mArga kA samyak jJAna prApta karanA, vastusvarUpa ke bAre meM samyak dRSTikoNa banAnA, kaSAyavijaya kA nirantara abhyAsa karanA, yathAzakti aNuvratoM athavA mahAvratoM ko grahaNa karanA ityaadi| dhArmika-vyavahAroM ke samyak prabandhana ke lie jIvana-prabandhaka ko nimna bindu vicArane yogya yadi vaha muni kI bhUmikA meM hai, to use lokottara dharma ke prati niSThAvAn rahanA cAhie evaM anAvazyaka laukika dharma ko karttavya ke rUpa meM or3hane kA prayatna nahIM karanA caahie| yadi vaha gRhastha hai, to laukika karttavyoM meM hI pUrA jIvana nahIM bItA denA cAhie, varan lokottara kartavyoM ke nirvAha ke lie bhI ucita samaya evaM UrjA bacAnI caahie| gRhastha jIvana meM rahate hue bhI lokottara sAdhanA ke dvArA apanI AkAMkSAoM evaM mA~goM ko sImita ___ karate jAnA cAhie, jisase laukika dharma-nirvAha kI AvazyakatA bhI sImita hotI calI jaae| isa prakAra, jIvana meM kramazaH laukika dharma ko samyaktayA sImita karate hue lokottara dharma kI nirantara abhivRddhi karate jAnA caahie| 673 adhyAya 12: dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #776
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (3) dharma niSedhAtmaka bhI hai evaM vidheyAtmaka bhI hai dhArmika-vyavahAra ke samyak prabandhana hetu dharma ke punaH do pakSa haiM - niSedhAtmaka dharma evaM vidheyAtmaka dhrm| niSedhAtmaka dharma una sAdhanoM (kArakoM) ke prayoga kA niSedha karatA hai, jo hamAre naitika-AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bAdhaka hoM, jaise - saptavyasana, tAmasika-gariSTha bhojana, deza-viruddha kArya, krodhAdi manovRttiyA~ ityaadi| vidheyAtmaka dharma una sAdhanoM ke prayoga hetu prerita karatA hai, jo naitika-AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sahAyaka hoM, jaise - dharma-zravaNa, Atma-cintana, arhad-bhakti, guru-upAsanA, svAdhyAya, dhyAna ityaadi| dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kI samagratA ke lie ina donoM dharmoM kA pArasparika samanvaya atyAvazyaka hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isIlie samyak dharmamArga kI prarUpaNA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko jahA~ eka ora asatpravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA cAhie, vahIM dUsarI ora satpravRttiyoM kA grahaNa bhI karanA caahie| dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke icchuka sAdhaka ke lie nimna bindu vicAraNIya haiM - * yadi vaha niSedhAtmaka sAdhanoM kA parityAga kie binA vidheyAtmaka sAdhanoM kA prayoga karatA hai, to use saphalatA nahIM mila sakatI, kyoMki usakI ucita pAtratA hI nahIM hotii| AdhyAtmika santa devacaMdrajI ne kahA bhI hai - prIti anaMtI para thakI, je tor3e ho te jor3e eh| parama purUSathI rAgatA, ekatvatA ho dAkhI guNa geh|| arthAt bhakta bhagavAn RSabhadevajI se prIti to karanA cAhatA hai, kintu saccI prIti nahIM kara paataa| kAraNa yaha hai ki anantakAla se para-padArthoM se ho rahI prIti ko tor3e binA paramAtmA se prIti nahIM ho sktii| vastutaH, jo para-prIti kA tyAgakara paramAtma-prIti kA prayatna kare, usameM tanmaya ho jAe, vaha svayaM sadguNoM kA bhaNDAra bana jaaegaa| Azaya yaha hai ki niSedhAtmaka dharma kA pAlana kie binA vidheyAtmaka dharma kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI, udAharaNArtha - * mahAbala kumAra (mallinAtha bhagavAn kA pUrva bhava) ne muni avasthA meM anazana tapa kiyA, kintu sUkSma mAyA kA tyAga nahIM ho skaa| * koI vyakti satsaMga meM jAne ke bAvajUda bhI lAbhAnvita nahIM hotA, kyoMki vahA~ bhI use dhUmrapAna kI talaba satAtI hai| yadi vaha kevala niSedhAtmaka dharma ko hI pUrNa mAna letA hai, to bhI usakA dharma samIcIna nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vidheyAtmaka dharma ke abhAva meM vaha ucita naitika evaM AdhyAtmika sadguNoM kA vikAsa nahIM kara sakatA, udAharaNArtha - * kamaTha ne saMsAra to chor3A, para saddharma ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| 22 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 674 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #777
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ * koI vyakti bhojana kA tyAga (laMghana ) to karatA hai, lekina apane usa samaya ko TI.vI. dekhane yA mitroM ke sAtha gapazapa karane meM bitA detA hai / vastutaH tyAgane yogya evaM grahaNa karane yogya donoM dharmasAdhanoM kA paraspara samanvaya sthApita karanA atyAvazyaka hai, anyathA dhArmika - vyavahAra prabandhana saphala nahIM ho sktaa| ina donoM kA isa prakAra samanvaya karanA cAhie ki hamAre naitika-AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA samyak vikAsa ho sake / ( 4 ) dharma parAzrita bhI hai aura svAzrita bhI hai dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana ke lie dharma ko punaH do rUpoM meM bhI darzAyA gayA hai parAzrita (vyavahAra) dharma aura svAzrita ( nizcaya) dhrm| dharma kA vaha prakAra, jisameM sAdhaka mana-vacana-kAyA kA Alambana lekara zubha bhAvapUrvaka sva-dharma kI prApti ke lie sAdhanA karatA hai, parAzrita dharma kahalAtA hai| yaha dharma azubha bhAvoM evaM laukika dharma ke antargata kie jAne vAle zubha bhAvoM kI tulanA meM zreyaskara hai| isake antargata zubha bhAvapUrvaka kie jAne vAle dharmakRtya, jaise ahiMsAdi vratoM kA pAlana, svAdhyAya, cintana-manana, bhakti Adi Ate haiN| dharma kA dUsarA prakAra svAzrita dharma hai, jo AtmA ke Azrita hotA hai, yaha AtmA kA sahaja svabhAva hai aura isase atIndriya sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| yaha AtmA ke samasta vyavahAroM kA sAdhya hai| zubha bhAvapUrvaka kie jAne vAle parAzrita dharma ke anantara rAgAdi doSoM se rahita hone vAlI Atma-ramaNatA kI dazA svAzrita dharma hai, isa dazA meM AtmA jJAtA - dRSTA rUpa apanI svAbhAvika avasthA ko prApta kara letI hai| pravacanasAra meM isakA lakSaNa spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo moha evaM kSobha se rahita AtmA kA samatvabhAva hai, vahI dharma (svAzrita) hai / " dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana ke lie nimna bindu vicAraNIya haiM sAdhaka kA paramadharma svAzrita dharma hI hai, kintu isakI pAtratA vikasita karane ke lie parAzrita dharma kA Alambana bhI Avazyaka hai| parAzrita dharma kA Alambana isa prakAra se lenA cAhie ki azubha bhAvoM se nivRtti ho sake, zuddha bhAvoM (svAzrita dharma) kI pAtratA vikasita ho sake, sAtha hI zubha bhAvoM ko hI sAdhya mAnane kI bhUla na ho / ( 5 ) dharma dravyAtmaka bhI hai aura bhAvAtmaka bhI hai jainadRSTi meM dhArmika vyavahAroM ke do rUpa isa prakAra bhI hote haiM dravyAtmaka evaM bhAvAtmaka / jahA~ dravyAtmaka dharma kA sambandha kevala vAcika evaM kAyika pravRttiyoM se jur3A hai, vahIM bhAvAtmaka dharma aMtaraMga Atmika anubhUtiyoM se sambaddha hai, jaise karabaddha hokara mastaka jhukAkara ' Namo arihaMtANaM' kA uccAraNa karanA dravyAtmaka dharma hai aura usake artha - bhAvArtha kA cintana karanA, arihanta paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA cintana karanA, unake jaisA banane kA manoratha karanA evaM unake samAna jJAtA - dRSTA bhAva meM adhyAya 12: dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 675 For Personal & Private Use Only 23
Page #778
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rahane kA prayatna karanA - ye sabhI bhAvAtmaka dharma ke uttarottara vRddhi ko prApta pariNAma haiN| dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie yaha mAnanA Avazyaka hai ki bhAvAtmaka dharma hI vAstavika dharma hai aura yahI sAdhya hai| phira bhI isakI prApti hetu nimitta yA sAdhana hone se dravyAtmaka dharma ko bhI aupacArika rUpa se dharma kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| adhyAtmayogI zrImaddevacandra ne dravya-dharma kI sAdhanatA aura bhAva-dharma kI sAdhyatA ko nimna paMktiyoM ke dvArA darzAyA hai" - dravyathI pUjAre kAraNa bhAvanuM re, bhAva prazasta ne zuddha arthAt nhavaNa, vilepanAdi dravya-pUjA bhAvoM kI utpatti kA kAraNa hai, ye bhAva pahale prazasta (guNiyoM ke prati anurAga) tathA bAda meM zuddha (Atma-ramaNatA) rUpa ko prApta hote haiN| dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie vyakti ke samakSa nimna cAra vikalpa hote haiM - bhAva azuddha | bhAva zuddha dravya azuddha | | 4 | dravya zuddha xx inameM se cauthA vikalpa (bhAva zuddha-dravya zuddha) hI sarvazreSTha hai| ataH zuddha dravyAtmaka dharma rUpI sAdhana kA pAlana karate hue zuddha bhAvAtmaka dharma ko prApta karanA pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka kA kartavya hai| (6) dharma pravRttirUpa bhI hai aura nivRttirUpa bhI hai jainazAstroM meM pravRtti evaM nivRtti - ye dvividha dharmarUpoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| vastutaH, pravRtti evaM nivRtti donoM sApekSa haiN| eka hI samaya meM vyakti kisI kriyA se nivRtti letA hai aura kisI kriyA meM pravRtta hotA hai, jaise - rAga-dveSa se nivRtti hotI hai aura samatA meM pravRtti hotI hai| ye pravRtti yA nivRtti jaba naitika-AdhyAtmika uccatA kA kAraNa banatI haiM, taba dharma kahalAtI haiM aura jaba nimnatA kA kAraNa banatI haiM, taba adharma kahalAtI haiN| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki kevala pravRtti hI adharma nahIM hotI, nivRtti bhI adharma ho sakatI hai aura isI prakAra kevala nivRtti hI dharma nahIM hotI, pravRtti bhI dharma ho sakatI hai| dhArmika vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hogA ki vyakti adharma se nivRtti le evaM dharma meM pravRtti kre|" yaha ullekhanIya hai ki yadi vaha adharma se nivRtti lene para bhI dharma meM pravRtti nahIM karatA hai athavA adharma se nivRtti lie binA dharma meM pravRtti kI ceSTA karatA hai, to use ucita lakSya kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| udAharaNArtha - koI avakAza ke dina vyavasAya se to nivRtti le letA hai, kintu dinabhara khAne-pIne, sone-bhogane yA TI.vI. dekhane Adi meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai athavA koI sAmAyika Adi dharmakRtya meM pravRtta hotA hai, kintu sAmAyika karate hue bhI nindA Adi adhArmika pravRttiyoM se nivRtta nahIM hotA - ye donoM sthitiyA~ usake naitika-AdhyAtmika utthAna ke lakSya ko prApta karAne meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 24 676 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #779
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ upayogI nahIM bana paatii| ataH vyakti ko vivekapUrvaka pravRtti evaM nivRtti kI ucitatA kA dhyAna rakhakara apane dhArmika vyavahAroM kA prabandhana karanA caahie| pravRtti evaM nivRtti dharma kA sundara samanvaya hameM Avazyaka-sUtra ke eka pATha (namo cauvIsAe) meM milatA hai, jisakA upayoga pratyeka zramaNa-zramaNI ko pratidina subaha-zAma karanA hotA hai, vaha pATha hai - micchattaM pariyANAmi sammattaM uvsNpjjaami| abohiM pariyANAmi bohiM uvsNpjjaami| annANaM pariyANAmi nANaM uvsNpjjaami| isakA bhAvArtha hai - "maiM mithyAtva kA parityAga karatA hU~ aura samyaktva ko svIkAra karatA huuN| maiM abodhi kA parityAga karatA hU~ aura bodhi ko svIkAra karatA huuN| maiM ajJAna kA parityAga karatA hU~ aura samyagjJAna ko svIkAra karatA huuN| (7) dhArmika-mUlya zAzvat (utsargarUpa) bhI haiM aura pAristhitika (apavAdarUpa) bhI hai ___ dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie hameM dharma ko punaH do prakAra se grahaNa karanA cAhie - zAzvat evaM paaristhitik| yadi dhArmika mUlyoM ko sarvathA nitya evaM aparivartanazIla mAna liyA jAe, to bhI visaMgati utpanna hotI hai aura yadi sarvathA parivartanazIla vyavasthA ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAe, to bhI visaMgati utpanna hotI hai| pahale meM jahA~ dharma kI locapUrNatA hI samApta ho jAtI hai, vahIM dUsare meM dharma ke sthAyI mUlyoM ke astitva ko hI khatarA hone lagatA hai, ataH anekAntadRSTi ke anusAra, dharma ke donoM hI rUpoM ko svIkAranA Avazyaka hai| vastutaH, jo dharma kA aMtaraMga pakSa hai, jo sAratattva hai aura jo mUlasvarUpa hai, use zAzvat mAnanA cAhie, jabaki jo dharma kA bAhya rUpa hai, nimitta sAdhana hai, jo deza, kAla, svazakti evaM paristhiti ke sApekSa hai, use pAristhitika mAnanA caahie| kra. dharma ke zAzvat mUlya dharma ke pAristhitika mUlya 1) AtmA hai aura vaha nitya hai| parva-tyauhAra evaM unheM manAne kI 2) zarIra jar3a hai, AtmA se bhinna hai| vidhiyA~, rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna, 3) saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa karma hai| vezabhUSA evaM rIti-rivAja, bAhya 4) rAga-dveSa evaM ajJAna karma ke mUla ziSTAcAra evaM abhivAdana, pUjA-bhakti Adi kI paddhatiyA~, loka-prasiddha 5) vyakti svayaM se hI sukhI aura svayaM se hI duHkhI hotA hai| AcAra vyavasthA aadi| 6) samatA sukha rUpa hai, rAga-dveSa duHkha rUpa haiN| 7) ahiMsA Adi pA~coM vrata dharma ke AdhAra haiN| 8) sahI jAnanA, mAnanA evaM jInA mokSa kA mArga hai| 9) jIvana kA parama lakSya mokSa prApti hai aadi| jainazAstroM meM inheM kramazaH utsarga mArga aura apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM bhI jAnA jAtA hai| 677 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 25 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #780
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para nimna binduoM ko jAnanA dhArmika - vyavahAra - prabandhana ke lie Avazyaka hai - vyakti ko dharma ke bAhya sAdhanoM kA durAgraha nahIM rakhate hue vivekapUrvaka lacIlA rukha apanAnA cAhie / dharma ke aMtaraMga sAdhanoM ke prati anizcayAtmaka sthiti nahIM rakhate hue pUrNa sthira evaM sandeharahita rahanA cAhie / dharma ke bAhya sAdhanoM kA Azraya lekara aMtaraMga sAdhanoM taka pahu~canA cAhie evaM paripUrNa dhArmika bhAvAtmaka vikAsa karanA cAhie / (8) dharma vizvAsa aura vijJAna (prajJA) donoM para AdhArita hai dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti vizvAsa aura vijJAna donoM kA samyak samanvaya kre| eka ora vaha prajJA (vijJAna) ke dvArA satya kA nizcaya kare aura dUsarI ora vaha nirNIta satya ke prati pUrNa niSThA (vizvAsa) rkhe| 26 81 yadi vaha vijJAna (prajJA) kA apalApa kara kevala vizvAsa (niSThA) kI nIMva para dharma kI imArata khar3I karane kA prayatna karatA hai, to vaha imArata kabhI Tika nahIM skegii| jainAcAryoM ne usa vizvAsa ko kabhI samyak nahIM mAnA, jisameM samyagjJAna kA AdhAra na ho| 1 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai ki prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA karo aura tattva kA nirNaya karo ( pannA samikkha dhammaM tattaM tttvinnicchiyN)|82 anyatra bhI kahA hai jJAna se hI tattvabodha hotA hai aura jJAna se hI muni huA jAtA hai|84 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM to prajJAhIna manuSya ko netrahIna manuSya kI upamA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki vaha zAstra ke samakSa rahakara bhI satya kA darzana nahIM kara paataa| 85 santa AnandaghanajI kI yaha paMkti bhI jJAnahIna AcaraNa kI nirarthakatA ko darzAtI hai - carama nayaNa karI mAraga jovatAM re, bhUlyo sakala saMsAra | jeNe nayaNe karI mAraga joiye re, nayaNa te divya vicAra || isI prakAra, yadi koI vizvAsa (zraddhA) kA apalApa kara kevala kutarka evaM kuyukti ke dvArA bauddhika vilAsa hI kare, to bhI yaha usakA dharma nahIM ho sktaa| jainAcAryoM ne usa jJAna ko bhI samyak nahIM kahA hai, jisake sAtha samyak vizvAsa (dRSTikoNa) kA samanvaya na ho / vizvAsa ke mahattva ko darzAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jaise 'eka' (saMkhyA) ke binA zUnya kI koI kImata nahIM hai aura saMkhyA ke sAtha milate hI zUnya bhI mUlyavAn ho jAtA hai, vaise hI yaha mAnanA hogA ki samyak dRSTikoNa ke binA jJAna kA koI mUlya nahIM hai aura samyak vizvAsa hote hI jJAna bhI samyak bana jAtA hai| santa AnandaghanajI ne ina vizvAsa rahita vidvAnoM para kaTAkSa karate hue kahA jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 678
Page #781
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tarka vicAre re vAda paramparA re, pAra na pahuMce koy| abhimate vastu re vastugate kahe re, te viralA jaga joya / / sAra kathana hai ki dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie vyakti ko vijJAna evaM vizvAsa - donoM kA samyak sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA atyAvazyaka hai| isa prakAra, dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie vyakti ko vibhinna rUpoM meM dharma ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai, jisase vaha hara samaya apanI bhUmikAnusAra ucita-anucita kA bheda karake ucita vyavahAra kA pAlana kara ske| 12.5.5 dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie upayukta sthAna kyA ho? jaina-paramparA meM kisI bhI kArya kI saphalatA ke lie cAra kArakoM ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| ye haiM - dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhaav| isase spaSTa hai ki kSetra arthAt sthAna kA bhI ucita cayana karanA Avazyaka hai| yadyapi paripakva jIvana-prabandhaka kisI bhI kSetra meM rahakara apanI sAdhanA kara sakatA parantu sAmAnya jIvana-prabandhaka ko sAdhanAnukUla deza evaM kAla kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, anyathA pratikUla sthAnoM para rahakara usake naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA patana bhI ho sakatA hai| jaina-paramparA meM isI kAraNa sAdhanAnukUla sthAnoM kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai, jaise - jinAlaya, gurumandira, pauSadhazAlA (upAzraya/ sthAnaka), Azrama, tIrthasthAna, granthAlaya, zodhakendra, sevAsaMsthAna ityaadi| yahA~ Akara vyakti ko sudeva , suguru evaM saddharma (satzAstra) aura inake anuyAyiyoM kA samyaka sAnnidhya prApta hotA hai| inake atirikta, jaina zrAvaka apane nivAsa sthAna para bhI upAsanA-kakSa Adi banAte haiM, jahA~ pavitratA aura ekAnta kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai| dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke samyak santulana hetu yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti uparyukta dharma-sthAnoM para Akara apanI pUrva nirdiSTa jJAnAtmaka evaM kriyAtmaka donoM prakAra kI upAsanA kare aura dravyAtmaka dharma kA Alambana lekara bhAvAtmaka dharma taka pahu~cane kA prayatna kre| vaha yahA~ Akara laukika evaM lokottara - donoM prakAra ke dharmoM ko jAnane aura jIne kA abhyAsa kre| niSedhAtmaka dharma-sAdhanoM kA tyAga tathA vidheyAtmaka dharma-sAdhanoM kA prayoga karane hetu saMkalpita ho aura antataH apane naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lakSya kI prApti kre| yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki uparyukta dharmasthAnoM meM dhArmika zikSAoM - grahaNAtmaka (Theoretical) evaM AsevanAtmaka (Practical) kI prApti hotI hai| inase prApta zikSAoM ko * AcArAMgasUtra (1/8/1/202) meM bhI kahA gayA hai - gAme vA aduvA rnne| neva gAme neva raNe, dhmmmaayaannh|| arthAt dharma gA~va meM bhI ho sakatA hai aura araNya (vana) meM bhI, kyoMki vastutaH dharma kA sambandha na gA~va se hai aura na araNya se, vaha to antarAtmA se hai| 679 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #782
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana-vyavahAra meM apanAnA hI vAstava meM zreSTha dharma hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki zikSArjana upAsanAtmaka yA grahaNAtmaka dharma hai aura jIvana-vyavahAra sudhAranA AcaraNAtmaka yA AsevanAtmaka dharma hai| upAsanAtmaka dharma ke lie to sthAnoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, kintu AcaraNAtmaka dharma to prasaMgasthala para hI sajagatA ke sAtha nibhAnA hotA hai| AcaraNAtmaka dharma ko kasauTI para kasate hue evaM sthAna-nirapekSa batAte hue kahA gayA hai - jo duHkhoM kI prApti meM bhI duHkhI nahIM hotA, sukha kI prApti meM bhI jo lAlasArahita rahatA hai, jisake mana meM mamatva, bhaya evaM krodha samApta ho cuke haiM, vahI dhArmika hai, sthitaprajJa hai evaM muni hai| jJAnasAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai - jo mana-vacana-kAyA kI sthiratA ko prApta ho cuke hoM, ve grAma meM raheM athavA jaMgala meM, divasa ho athavA rAtri, unakI samatA banI hI rahatI hai| 90 12.5.6 dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie upayukta samaya kyA ho? dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kI saphalatA ke lie vyakti ko samayAnusAra dhArmika-vyavahAra karanA atyAvazyaka hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - 'kAle kAlaM samAyare' arthAt ucita samaya para ucita kArya karanA hI yogya hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM dekhA hai ki dharma ke do rUpa haiM - upAsanAtmaka evaM aacrnnaatmk| inameM se AcaraNAtmaka dharma ke lie samaya kA koI bandhana nahIM hotA, vaha pratisamaya AcaraNIya hai, jabaki upAsanAtmaka dharma sadaiva samaya sApekSa hotA hai| jaina-paramparA meM vividha upAsanAoM ko niyata kAla meM sampAdita karane kA vidhAna hai, jaise - devadarzana evaM pUjana (trikAla), guru samAgama (trikAla), pratikramaNa (prAtaH evaM sAyaM), caudaha niyama (prAtaH evaM sAyaM), pratyAkhyAna grahaNa (prAtaH evaM sAyaM), Atmacintana (prAtaH evaM rAtri), tIrthayAtrA (varSa meM kama se kama eka bAra) ityaadi| jaina-paramparA meM mUlataH dhArmika upAsanAoM ko dainika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika evaM vArSika kartavyoM ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta parvatithiyoM para vizeSa-vizeSa upAsanA karane kA vidhAna bhI hai| isa prakAra, ina saiddhAntika pakSoM kA nirantara anuzIlana kara jIvana-prabandhaka ko apane dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kA samyaka niyojana (Planning) karanA caahie| =====< >===== 28 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 680 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #783
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 12.6 dhArmika-vyavahAra prabandhana kA prAyogika pakSa dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie jitanA mahattva saiddhAntika pakSa kA hai, utanA hI prAyogika pakSa kA bhI mAnanA caahie| prAyogika pakSa ke mAdhyama se hI ve sUtra prApta hote haiM, jinheM jIvana-vyavahAra meM Acarita kara vyakti dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lakSya kI prApti kara sakatA hai| vastutaH, prAyogika pakSa ko AcaraNa meM apanAe binA saiddhAntika pakSa se prApta jJAna kevala sUcanAtmaka hI raha jAtA hai, usakI jIvana meM koI upayogitA nahIM rhtii| kahA bhI gayA hai - jaise karor3o dIpaka jalAne para bhI andhe vyakti ko prakAza nahIM mila sakatA, vaise hI prApta jJAna ko AcaraNa meM lAe binA jIvana-lakSya kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| dhArmika vyavahAroM kA samyak prabandhana karane hetu jisa prakriyA ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM lAnA hogA, vaha isa prakAra hai - 12.6.1 dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kA uddezya nirmANa karanA sarvaprathama isa cetanA ko jAgrata karanA Avazyaka hai ki 'mujhe jIvana meM dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana karanA hI hai|' yaha prabandhana usI prakAra Avazyaka hai, jisa prakAra jIvana meM vyApAra, kAryAlaya Adi kA prabandhana Avazyaka hai| isa hetu bArambAra samyak dhArmika-vyavahAroM kI jIvana meM kyA upayogitA hai, isakA cintana karanA caahie| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke dasaveM adhyAya meM gautama svAmI ke mAdhyama se tra ko dharmAcaraNa ke lie sajaga hone kA bArambAra upadeza diyA gayA hai| kabhI jIvana kI nazvaratA, asthiratA, durlabhatA Adi ko dekhakara, to kabhI indriya-bala kI kSINatA, bAdhaka tattvoM kI tyAjyatA Adi ko samajhakara akhaNDa rUpa se dharma meM rata rahane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| bahatkalpabhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai - 'dharmAcaraNa karane meM zIghratA karanI cAhie, kSaNabhara bhI pramAda nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki jIvana kA kSaNa-kSaNa vighnoM se bharA hai| isameM eka sandhyA kI bhI pratIkSA nahIM karanI caahie|' vastutaH yaha cetanA hI dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kI dizA meM Age bar3hane kA bala pradAna karatI hai| 12.6.2 dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke sahI lakSyoM evaM nItiyoM kA nirmANa karanA jainazAstroM meM do bAtoM ke nirdhAraNa ko atyadhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai - lakSya evaM lakSya prApti kA mArga / dhArmika vyavahAroM ke samyak prabandhana ke lie ina donoM ke sambandha meM sajagatA honA atyAvazyaka hai, jaise dhAge meM piroI huI sUI guma nahIM hotI, vaise hI samyak lakSya evaM usake mArga ko jAnane vAlA sAdhaka unmArgagAmI nahIM hotaa| ___ upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne sApha zabdoM meM kahA hai ki dhArmika anuSThAna svayaM apane Apa meM zuddha hI hotA hai, kintu anuSThAna karane vAle sAdhakoM kA Azaya evaM adhyavasAya alaga-alaga hone se vaha pA~ca prakAra kA ho jAtA hai - 681 adhyAya 12: dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 29 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #784
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ viSa-anuSThAna dhArmika vyavahAra | garala - anuSThAna ananuSThAna tadhetu-anuSThAna ihaloka ke AhAra, Rddhi Adi sukhoM kI AkAMkSA se kiyA jAne vAlA paraloka meM divyabhogoM kI abhilASA se kiyA jAne vAlA dhArmika vyavahAra / uddezyavihIna hokara yantravat kiyA jAne vAlA dhArmika vyavahAra / naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa (mokSa) ke lakSya se kiyA jAne vAlA sAmAnya -- - dhArmika vyavahAra | amRta - anuSThAna - sahajatApUrvaka zuddha bhAvoM ke sAtha naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lakSya se kiyA jAne vAlA vizeSa dhArmika vyavahAra / 30 - dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke lie kevala isakI cetanA jAgrata karanA hI paryApta nahIM hai, apitu samyak lakSyapUrvaka dhArmika - vyavahAroM ko sampanna karanA bhI atyAvazyaka hai| uparyukta pA~ca prakAra ke anuSThAnoM meM se prArambhika tIna anuSThAnoM kA sarvathA tyAga karake antima do anuSThAnoM kA grahaNa karanA jIvana - prabandhaka kA punIta karttavya hai / ina donoM meM bhI amRta - anuSThAna ko zreSTha mAnA gayA 1 amRta-anuSThAna athavA tadhetu anuSThAna ko lakSita karane vAle sAdhaka ko apanI dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana kI yojanAoM meM nimnalikhita binduoM ko sthAna denA cAhie jIvana meM naitikatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA kA samucita vikAsa ho / jIvana kA bhAvAtmaka pakSa pariSkRta ho (azubha zubha - zuddha ) / dhArmika - vyavahAroM ke dvArA jIvana - prabandhana ke sabhI lakSyoM kI pUrti ho / uparyukta lakSyoM kI samyak prApti hetu dhArmika - vyavahAra - prabandhaka ko jIvana meM nimnalikhita nItiyoM (Policies) kA nirdhAraNa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai AcaraNAtmaka evaM upAsanAtmaka (jJAnAtmaka - kriyAtmaka) dharmoM meM paraspara santulana ho| inameM bhI upAsanAtmaka dharma ke dvArA zikSaNa-prazikSaNa prApta karake AcaraNAtmaka dharma ke rUpa meM unakA prayoga karane kI nIti ho / laukika evaM lokottara dharma bhI paraspara eka-dUsare ke virodhI na baneM, apitu inheM pRthak-pRthak rakhakara prayoga karane kI nIti ho / dravyAtmaka dharma se paraheja bhI na ho aura use hI sampUrNa mAnane kI bhrAnti bhI na ho, use bhAvAtmaka dharma kI prApti ke lie sAdhana rUpa meM prayoga karane kI nIti ho / pravRtti aura nivRtti - ina donoM kriyAoM kA paraspara sAmaMjasya sthApita karane vAlI nIti ho, jisase ye donoM kriyAe~ milakara dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana ke kAryoM ko Age bar3hAne meM sahAyaka siddha hoN| parAzrita dharma ko sAdhana banAkara svAzrita dharma rUpI sAdhya taka pahu~cane kI nIti ho / vijJAna evaM vizvAsa ina donoM kA ucita samanvaya ho, jisase na svacchandatA kA poSaNa ho jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 682 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #785
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (vizvAsa ke abhAva meM) aura na andhavizvAsa kA saMvarddhana ho (vijJAna ke abhAva meN)| niSedhAtmaka dharma ke dvArA niSiddha sAdhanoM ke prati heyadRSTi evaM vidheyAtmaka dharma ke dvArA anuzaMsita sAdhanoM (Recommanded Means) ke prati upAdeyadRSTi ho| dharma ke zAzvat mUlyoM ko pUrNa rUpa se aMgIkAra karane evaM pAristhitika mUlyoM ko deza, kAla, zakti evaM paristhiti ke AdhAra para grahaNa karane kI nIti ho| dhArmika-vyavahAra isa prakAra se sampAdita ho ki artha evaM kAma ke niyaMtrita sevana meM bAdhA na ho aura kramazaH mokSa-sAdhya kI ora bar3hA jA ske| sAmAjika jIvana-vyavahAra meM dharma, artha evaM kAma paraspara avirodhI hoM, kintu aparihArya bAdhaka paristhiti utpanna hone para kAma evaM artha kI tulanA meM dharma kA saMrakSaNa karane vAlI nIti ho (dharmo rakSati rkssitH)| dhArmika-vyavahAra jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra ke samyak prabandhana ke lie sahayogI bane, jaise - zikSA-prabandhana, samaya-prabandhana, zarIra-prabandhana, abhivyakti (vANI)-prabandhana, tanAva evaM manovikAra-prabandhana, paryAvaraNa-prabandhana, samAja-prabandhana, artha-prabandhana, bhogopabhoga-prabandhana evaM aadhyaatmik-prbndhn| isa prakAra, uparyukta nItiyoM kA sajagatApUrvaka pAlana karane se dhArmika jIvana ke vyavahAroM kA prabandhana samyaka dizA meM agrasara ho sakatA hai| 12.6.3 upAsanAtmaka sAdhanoM kA samyak upayoga karanA __ Atma-sajagatApUrvaka dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke sahI lakSyoM tathA nItiyoM kA nirdhAraNa karake yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki vyakti dhArmika vyavahAroM kA samyak zikSaNa-prazikSaNa prApta kre| isa hetu use upAsanAtmaka paddhati ko apanAnA caahie| upAsanAtmaka paddhati ke dvArA use jJAnAtmaka evaM kriyAtmaka zikSAe~ prApta hotI haiM aura ye zikSAe~ hI usake naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA AdhAra hotI haiN| (1) jJAnAtmaka sAdhanoM kA samyak prayoga dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana hetu jJAna-prApti eka anivArya AvazyakatA hai| jainadharma meM isa hetu aneka vyavasthAe~ haiN| prAthamika stara para vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha pravacana, satsaMga (svAdhyAya), zivira, pAThazAlA, saMgoSThI (semInAra) Adi ke mAdhyama se jJAnArjana kre| jainazAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki manuSya jIvana pAne ke bAda bhI uttama dharma kA zravaNa kara pAnA atyanta kaThina hai,96 ataH vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha pUrNa niSThA evaM ruci ke sAtha dharma-zravaNa ke avasara kA lAbha utthaae| isa hetu vyakti ko una teraha kAraNoM se bacanA hogA, jo dharma-zravaNa karane meM bAdhaka hote haiM" - 1) Alasya, 2) moha, 3) avajJA , 4) abhimAna, 5) krodha, 6) pramAda, 7) kRpaNatA, 8) bhaya, 9) zoka, 10) ajJAna, 11) upekSA, 12) kutUhala aura 13) armnntaa| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI dharma-zravaNa ke lie bAdhA rUpa do bAtoM kA 683 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 31 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #786
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 98 ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jinase sAdhaka ko bacanA cAhie " mahArambha (atihiMsA), 2) mahAparigraha / jaise-jaise vyakti kA jJAnAtmaka-stara bar3hatA hai, vaise-vaise use dharma-zravaNa ke sAtha-sAtha samyak dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa karane kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai" aura isa hetu cintana-manana karanA anivArya hai| 100 jaina-paramparA meM yaha vyavasthA bhI hai ki vyakti paripakva hone para svayaM zAstrAdhyayana kare / jainAcAryoM ne jaina sAhitya ke cAra vibhAga kie haiM 1) dharmakathAnuyoga, 2) gaNitAnuyoga, 3) dravyAnuyoga evaM 4) caraNa - karaNAnuyoga / ' ina sabhI kA santulita adhyayana karake vyakti apane jJAna ko aura adhika samRddha kara sakatA hai| dharmakathAnuyoga se mahApurUSoM kI Adarza kathAoM kA paThana kara vinaya, viveka, satya, saMyama, samatA, kSamA, saralatA Adi sadguNoM ko jIvana meM aMgIkAra karane kI preraNA milatI hai| gaNitAnuyoga se svayaM ke doSoM evaM unake duSpariNAmoM ko jAnakara unase dUra haTane kI preraNA milatI hai| dravyAnuyoga se jar3a-cetana yA Atma-anAtma kA samyak bodha hokara vibhAva se svabhAva meM Ane kI kalA prApta hotI hai| caraNa - karaNAnuyoga se AcAra - vyavasthA kA bodha hokara apanI bhUmikAnusAra ucita meM ucita AcaraNa karane kI preraNA milatI hai / kA Agamana ThaharAva ina cAroM anuyogoM meM dravyAnuyoga pradhAna hai, jisase jIva-ajIva, Asrava - saMvara (zubhAzubha bhAvoM Asrava evaM unakA AMzika niSedha - saMvara), bandha - nirjarA (zubhAzubha bhAvoM kA AtmA meM bandha evaM unakA AMzika kSaya nirjarA), saMsAra-mokSa Adi ke svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai / isa jJAna bala para hI Atma-anAtma kA viveka hokara AtmajJAna evaM AtmasthiratA kI prApti hotI hai| - (2) kriyAtmaka sAdhanoM kA samyak prayoga dhArmika jIvana ke vyavahAra kA samyak prabandhana karane hetu vividha kriyAoM kA prayoga karanA bhI eka Avazyaka kArya hai / ye kriyAe~ yantravat na hokara pUrNa tanmayatA evaM samajha ke sAtha honI cAhie / prAthamika stara para yaha sambhava hai ki ina kriyAoM ko karate hue samajha kI kamI raha jAe, kintu jIvana-prabandhaka ko zanaiH-zanaiH ina kriyAoM ko jJAnapUrvaka pUrNa karane kA lakSya rakhanA cAhie / jaina - paramparA meM bhinna-bhinna bhUmikAoM ke sAdhakoM ke lie jina-jina kriyAoM ko karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM 32 (ka) arhada - bhakti jaina - paramparA meM arihanta avasthA ko jIvana kI sarvocca zuddha dazA mAnA gayA hai / isa avasthA ko prApta AtmAoM kA Alambana lekara inake prati pUrNatayA samarpita ho jAnA jIvana-prabandhaka kA karttavya hai aura yahI arhad - bhakti hai / devadarzana, vandana, pUjana, bahumAna, guNagAna, nAmasmaraNa Adi anuSThAna arhad - bhakti ke hI vividha rUpa haiN| vastutaH, ina dharmakRtyoM meM paramAtmA ke prati samarpaNa kA uddezya sAMsArika Rddhi-siddhi nahIM, apitu paramAtmA ke samAna sadguNoM kI prApti honA cAhie (vande tadguNalabdhaye) / kahA gayA hai101 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva -- -- For Personal & Private Use Only 684
Page #787
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aja kulagata kesarI lahe re, nija pada siMha nihaal| tima prabhu bhakte bhavi lahe re, Atama zakti saMbhAla / / Azaya yaha hai ki prabhu kI bhakti karate hue bhavyAtmA ko apanI Atma-zaktiyoM kA sahaja hI bodha ho jAtA hai| (kha) guru-upAsanA - jaina-paramparA meM saMyamamaya jIvana jIne vAle paMcamahAvratadhArI sAdhu-sAdhvI ko gurUpada para AsIna kiyA gayA hai| ye apane jIvana ko zreSTha tarIke se prabandhita karate hue utkRSTa pada arthAt arihanta pada evaM tatpazcAt siddhapada (mokSa) kI prApti ke purUSArtha meM saMlagna rahate haiN| dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke antargata vyakti ko guru ke darzana, vandana, pUjana, nAmasmaraNa, upadeza-zravaNa Adi vividha upAsanAe~ karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki guru-upAsanA kA uddezya sAMsArika kAmanAoM kI pUrti nahIM, apitu guru ke nikaTa rahakara unase jIvana-prabandhana kA mArgadarzana prApta karanA hai| (ga) mAlA, jApa evaM dhyAna - jaina-paramparA meM mana ko ekAgra evaM zAnta karane ke lie mAlA , jApa evaM dhyAna kI paddhati bhI batAI gaI hai| vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha apanI mAnasika sthiti ke AdhAra para inakA prayoga kre| mana kI caMcalatA adhika hone para mAlA-jApa kare evaM kama hone para dhyAna kI paddhati apnaae| mUlataH mAlA meM kAyika, jApa meM vAcika evaM dhyAna meM mAnasika Alambana kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| inakA prayoga karate hue jaise-jaise ekAgratA bar3hatI hai aura manovikAroM kA zamana hotA hai, vaise-vaise sAdhaka ko dhyAna kI nirAlambana avasthA ko pAne kA prayatna karanA caahie| dhyAna ke mahattva ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai102 - arihaMta pada dhyAto thako, davaha guNa pajjAya re| bheda-cheda karI AtamA, arihanta rUpI thAya re / / Azaya yaha hai ki arihaMta pada kA Alambana dhyAna karatI huI AtmA apane vikAroM kA chedana-bhedana karate hue svayaM arihaMta rUpa ho jAtI hai| (gha) sAmAyika - yaha samatva bhAvoM meM sthita hone kI kriyA hai| isake mAdhyama se niyata kAla taka pApa kAryoM se mukta rahakara rAga-dveSa rahita hone kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| prArambhika stara para bhale hI isameM zAstra Adi kA Alambana liyA jAe, lekina antataH nirAlambana rUpa Atma-ramaNatA kI dazA prApta karanA hI isakA lakSya honA caahie| (Ga) pratikramaNa - vibhAva dazA kA tyAga kara svabhAva (dharma) dazA kI ora lauTane kA prayatna pratikramaNa hai| isake antargata bhinna-bhinna tarIkoM se apane doSoM kI samIkSA evaM zuddhi kI jAtI hai, jaise - eka prakAra se asaMyama, do prakAra se rAga-dveSa, tIna prakAra se manodaNDa, vacanadaNDa, kAyAdaNDa ityAdi ke AdhAra para bhAvapUrvaka pratikramaNa karake vyakti na kevala apane atItakAlIna doSoM se mukta 685 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 33 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #788
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hotA hai, apitu bhaviSya ke doSoM kA bhI saMkalpapUrvaka yathAzakti tyAga kara detA hai| vastutaH, pratikramaNa, AlocanA, pratyAkhyAna Adi doSa-sudhAra kI prakriyA hai, isase bhAvoM kA pariSkAra hotA hai| isI prakAra anya pracalita kriyAtmaka sAdhanoM kA bhI samyak prayoga karatA huA jIvana-prabandhaka naitika-AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA vikAsa kara sakatA hai| 12.6.4 AcaraNAtmaka dharma kA samyaka nirvAha karanA dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kI antima kasauTI AcaraNAtmaka dharma hai| AcaraNAtmaka dharma ke binA upAsanAtmaka dharma bhI apUrNa hai| upAsanAtmaka dharma to kevala sAdhana hai, jisakA sAdhya AcaraNAtmaka dharma hai| vyakti ke dharma kI parIkSA cU~ki pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM hI hotI hai, ataH AcaraNAtmaka dharma hamAre jIvana kA anivArya aMga bane, aisA prayatna nirantara honA caahie| jaina-paramparA meM isIlie AcAra-dharma ke samyak paripAlana hetu krama se nimnalikhita mApadaNDa nirdhArita kie gae haiM - sapta vyasanoM kA tyAga karanA103 - 1) zikAra 2) juA 3) corI 4) mAMsabhakSaNa 5) madyapAna 6) vezyAgamana 7) parastrIgamana abhakSya aura akalpanIya vastuoM ke sevana kA tyAga karanA104 - sAMyogika mahAvigaI phala TeTA tuccha cIjeM anaMtakAya 1) dvidala 5) mAMsa 9) bahubIja 13) baragada ke phala 18) barpha 22) anaMtakAya 2) calitarasa 6) madirA 10) baiMgana 14) pIpala ke phala 19) ole 3) akalpya AcAra 7) madhu (zahada) 11) tucchaphala 15) pilaMkhaNa ke phala 20) miTTI 4) rAtribhojana 8) makkhana 12) anajAna phala 16) uduMbara ke phala 21) jahara ___17) gUlara ke phala ziSTAcAra ke guNoM kA pAlana karanA - 1) lokApavAda kA bhaya honaa| 10) svIkRta kArya ko pUrNa krnaa| 2) dIna-duHkhiyoM ke prati sahayoga bhAvanA honaa| 11) kuladharma kA pAlana krnaa| 3) kRtajJa honaa| 12) artha kA apavyaya nahIM krnaa| 4) nindA kA parityAga krnaa| 13) Avazyaka kAryoM hetu prayatna krnaa| 5) vijJajanoM kI prazaMsA krnaa| 14) zreSTha kAryoM meM saMlagna rhnaa| 6) vipatti meM dhairya rkhnaa| 15) pramAda kA parihAra krnaa| 7) vaibhava-prApti hone para bhI vinamra rhnaa| 16) lokAcAra kA pAlana krnaa| 8) saMyamita vANI-vyavahAra krnaa| 17) anucita kAryoM kA tyAga krnaa| 9) kadAgraha aura virodha nahIM krnaa| 18) nimnastarIya kAryoM se sadA bcnaa| 34 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 686 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #789
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mArgAnusArI ke guNoM kA pAlana karanA106 - 1) nyAyapUrvaka dhana-vaibhava upArjita krnaa| 2) ziSTAcAra (uttama AcaraNa) kA prazaMsaka honaa| 3) samAna kula-zIla vAle , kintu anya gotrIya ke sAtha vivAha krnaa| 4) pApabhIrU honaa| 5) prasiddha dezAcAra kA pAlana krnaa| 6) kisI kA bhI avarNavAda (nindA) nahIM krnaa| 7) ghara kA na atigupta honA aura na atiprakaTa honaa| 8) makAna meM Ane-jAne ke aneka dvAra nahIM honaa| 9) sadAcArI kA satsaMga krnaa| 10) mAtA-pitA kI sevA krnaa| 11) upadrava vAle sthAna ko chor3a denaa| 12) nindanIya kArya nahIM krnaa| 13) Aya ke anusAra vyaya krnaa| 14) Aya ke anusAra pozAka dhAraNa krnaa| 15) buddhi ke ATha guNoM se yukta hokara hamezA dharmazravaNa krnaa| 16) ajIrNa ke samaya bhojana kA tyAga krnaa| 17) niyamita samaya para santoSapUrvaka bhojana krnaa| 18) dharma, artha aura kAma - tInoM vargoM meM paraspara samanvaya krnaa| 19) apanI zakti ke anusAra atithi, sAdhu evaM dIna-duHkhiyoM kI sevA krnaa| 20) mithyA-Agraha se sadA dUra rhnaa| 21) guNAnurAgI honaa| 22) niSiddha dezAcAra evaM niSiddha kAlAcAra kA tyAga krnaa| 23) balAbala kA samyak jJAtA honaa| 24) vrata-niyama meM sthira jJAnavRddhoM kI sevA krnaa| 25) AzritoM kA pAlana-poSaNa krnaa| 26) dIrghadarzI honaa| 27) vizeSajJa honaa| 28) kRtajJa honaa| 29) lokapriya honaa| 30) lajjAvAn honaa| 31) dayAlu honaa| 687 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 35 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #790
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 32) zAntasvabhAvI honaa| 33) paropakAra karane meM karmaTha honaa| 34) kAma-krodhAdi chaha aMtaraMga zatruoM ko dUra karane meM tatpara honaa| 35) indriya-samUha ko vaza meM krnaa| __ ina guNoM se yukta vyakti gRhastha dharma (dezavirati cAritra) pAlana karane ke yogya bana sakatA hai| sthUla doSoM kA tyAga karake zrAvaka-vratoM kA pAlana karanA07 - 5 aNuvrata . | 3 guNavrata | 4 zikSAvrata 1) ahiMsA | 1) digvrata 1) sAmAyika 2) satya | 2) bhogopabhoga parimANa | 2) desAvagAsika 3) acaurya 3) anarthadaNDa tyAga | | 3) pauSadhopavAsa 4) brahmacarya 4) atithi-saMvibhAga 5) parigraha parimANa gyAraha pratimA vahana karanA108 - 1) darzana 7) sacitta tyAga 2) vrata 8) Arambha tyAga 3) sAmAyika 9) preSyArambha tyAga 4) pauSadha 10) uddiSTa bhojana tyAga 5) kAyotsarga yA divAmaithuna virata 11) zramaNabhUta (munivat jIvana jInA) 6) brahmacarya sUkSma doSoM kA tyAga karake zramaNa yogya mahAvratoM kA pAlana karanA 09 - 1) ahiMsA 2) satya 3) acaurya 4) brahmacarya 5) aparigraha aSTa pravacana mAtA kA pAlana karanA110 - 3 gupti | 5 samiti 1) manogupti |1) IryAsamiti 4) AdAna-bhANDa-mAtra-nikSepakSa samiti 2) vacanagupti | 2) bhASAsamiti 5) pAriSThApanikA samiti 3) kAyagupti | 3) eSaNAsamiti zramaNa dharma kA pAlana karanA11 - 1) uttama kSamA 4) uttama zauca 7) uttama tapa 10) uttama brahmacarya 2) uttama mArdava 5) uttama satya 8) uttama tyAga 3) uttama Arjava 6) uttama saMyama 9) uttama AkiMcanya 36 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 688 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #791
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bAraha prakAra kA tapa karanA - 6 bAhya tapa 6 Abhyantara tapa 1) anazana | 1) prAyazcitta 2) UNodarI | 2) vinaya 3) vRtti-parisaMkhyAna | 3) vaiyAvRtya 4) rasa-parityAga 4) svAdhyAya 5) kAya-kleza 5) dhyAna 6) pratisaMlInatA |6) vyutsarga (kAyotsarga) pariSahoM para vijaya prApta karanA13 - 1) kSudhA 5) DAMsa 9) caryA 13) vadha 17) tRNasparza 21) ajJAna 2) pipAsA 6) acela (avastra) 10) niSadyA 14) yAcanA 18) mala 22) asamyaktva 3) zIta 7) arati 11) zayyA 15) alAbha 19) satkAra 4) uSNa 8) strI 12) Akroza 16) roga 20) prajJA isa prakAra, uparyukta krama se Age bar3hatA huA jIvana-prabandhaka naitika-AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA jIvana-vyavahAra meM ucita prayoga kara sakatA hai| usake jIvana meM kSamA, santoSa, saralatA, vinamratA, vinaya, viveka, dhairya, sahiSNutA Adi sadguNoM kA nirantara vikAsa hotA calA jAtA hai| vaha aisA koI kArya nahIM karatA, jisase dUsaroM ko pIr3A ho| jinazAsana kA sAra bhI yahI hai ki jo tuma apane lie cAhate ho, vahI dUsaroM ke lie bhI karo, jo nahIM cAhate ho, vaha dUsaroM ke lie bhI mata kro| 14 sAdhanA-patha para bar3hatA huA vaha vikaTa se vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM bhI samatApUrvaka jIne meM dakSa ho jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM kA bhI yahI sadupadeza hai ki bhale hI koI sAtha de athavA na de, lekina saddharma kA AcaraNa karanA hI cAhie,115 kyoMki dharma hI sabhI prakAra ke sukhoM kA dAtA hai|116 689 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #792
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only 12.6.5 dhArmika vyavahAra-prabandhana ke pA~ca stara dhArmika-vyavahAra- prabandhana kI dizA meM agrasara hone vAlA sAdhaka nimnalikhita pA~ca staroM meM uttarottara bar3hatA huA apane lakSya kI saMprApti kara sakatA hai - - s kaSAya dharma ta sthiti sAdhanA ra sthiti pra tha ma 38 tIvra manda 1) manda stara 2) tIvra stara 3) tIvratara stara 4) tIvratama stara 5) pUrNa stara jJAnopAsanA dharma (Aspects of Theoretical Study) a) prAthamika dhArmika jJAnArjana karanA - pravacana, satsaMga ( svAdhyAya), pAThazAlA, saMskAra - zivira, tattvajJAna zivira Adi ke mAdhyama se ba) deva-guru-dharma meM vizeSa AsthA utpanna hotI ho, aise adhyayana karanA / sa) madhyama dhArmika jJAnArjana karanA cAroM anuyogoM kA sAmAnya adhyayana svayaM karanA evaM gurujanoM se zaMkA kA samAdhAna prApta karanA aadi| - kriyopAsanA dharma (Aspects of Practical Study) - tIrthayAtrA, balAtkAra, vezyAvRti aadi| a) vividha dhArmika ArAdhanAoM meM jur3anA, jaise paryuSaNa Adi parvArAdhanA caitya-paripATI, rathayAtrA, santa - Agamana, santa - vidAI, dIkSA jaise vairAgyavardhaka / bhaktivardhaka mahotsava ityAdi / ba) dravyAtmaka rUpa se dharmArAdhanA karanA, ba) vizeSa rUpa se laukika dharma kA pAlana jaise jaise devadarzana, devapUjana, guruupAsanA karanA, anAtha, rogI, vRddha, mAlA, jApa, prAthamika dhyAna Adi / dIna-duHkhI Adi sAdharmikoM kI tana, mana evaM dhana se sevA karanA ityAdi / sa) ziSTAcAra kA pAlana karanA, mArgAnusArI ke paiMtIsa guNoM kA yathAzakti pAlana karanA ityAdi / sa) choTe-choTe tapa, sAmAyika, pauSadha, ciMtana, manana Adi se jur3ane kA prayatna karanA / AcaraNAtmaka dharma (Implementation of Various Studies in the Practical Life) jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva a) sAmAnya rUpa se laukika dharma kA pAlana karanA, jaise rASTradharma nagaradharma, kuladharma, amAnavIya kRtyoM kA tyAga hatyA, juA, corI, saMghadharma Adi karanA jaise - 690
Page #793
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ da) ucca dhArmika jJAnArjana karanA - da) bhAvAtmaka rUpa se uparyukta sabhI da) lokottara dharma kA prAthamika rUpa se pAlana cAroM anuyogoM kA vizeSa adhyayana dharmArAdhanAoM ko prArambha krnaa| karanA, jaise - ahiMsA, satya, acauryAdi karanA, gahana viSayoM kA vizeSa dharmoM kA abhyAsa karanA, yatanApUrvaka jIne kA cintana-manana karanA, dUsaroM ke sAtha abhyAsa karanA ityaadi| vicAra-vimarza karanA aura una viSayoM ko vizeSa bala denA, jinase mokSamArga hetu tattvoM kI suvicAraNA hotI ho| dvi manda tIvra tattvoM kA cintana-manana, anuprekSA, uparyukta ArAdhanAoM ke sAtha-sAtha vizeSa niSkAma karma (anAsakta bhAva) kI sAdhanA dhyAnAdi karanA, deva-guru-dharma meM dRr3ha ruci/bhAvoM se deva-guru-dharma kI bhakti karanA, dIrghakAla taka vaira-vaimanasya nahIM AsthA banAnA, tattva kA sunizcaya karanA, AtmalakSI hokara mAlA-jApa-dhyAna rakhanA, Agraha chor3akara sahajatA se jIne kA karanA, bArambAra tAttvika zAstroM kA Adi anuSThAna karanA, sAmAyika, abhyAsa karanA, kama se kama pApoM kA sevana adhyayana karanA, Atmabodha kI prApti desAvagAsika, pauSadhAdi kA abhyAsa karanA, karate hue jIne kA prayAsa karanA choTe-choTe karanA ityaadi| samaya-samaya para sva nirIkSaNa karanA, saMkalpa, niyama Adi se jur3ane kA prayatna galatiyoM kA avalokana karanA evaM sudhArane karanA, Atmabala kA vikAsa karanA ityaadi| kA vicAra karanA/bhAva rakhanA ityaadi| mandatara tIvratara tattvoM kA vizeSa cintana-manana, uparyukta kriyAoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAMsArika sthUla pApoM, sthUla pravRttiyoM evaM kaSAyoM kA anuprekSAdi karanA, bhAvoM ko jJAnapUrvaka kAryoM se nivRtta hokara adhikAdhika samaya saMkalpapUrvaka tyAga karanA, sUkSma pApoM kA sudhAranA, Atma-jAgRti kI nirantaratA dharmArAdhanA meM lagAnA, niyamita sAmAyika kheda rakhanA, vratoM ko aMgIkAra karanA , kA abhyAsa karanA, darzana-jJAna kI Adi dharmakRtya karanA jIvana pariSkRta karane pratimA-vahana karanA ityaadi| vizuddhi hetu prayatnazIla rahanA ityaadi| hetu pratikramaNa, pauSadha Adi krnaa| For Personal & Private Use Only ra adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 39
Page #794
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mi hae mandatama tIvratama Agamika sAhitya kA vizeSa adhyayana dravyAtmaka dharmakRtya, jaise - dravyapUjAdi se azubha (pApa) kAryoM, sAMsArika sambandhoM/ karanA, sva-para upayogI jJAna kA nivRtti lenA evaM bhAvAtmaka dharmakRtya jaise - saMskAroM/pravRttiyoM Adi kA pUrNa rUpa se AdAna-pradAna karanA evaM dharmopadeza bhAvapUjAdi meM niyamataH pravRtta honA, saMkalpapUrvaka parityAga karanA, sUkSma doSoM kA denA, bhedajJAna preraka zAstrAbhyAsa dhyAnAdi kI vizeSa bhUmikA prApta karanA, sevana ho jAne para unakA kheda karanA, karanA, AtmasthiratA kI abhivRddhi AlambanAtmaka kriyAoM se nirAlambanAtmaka paMcamahAvrata aMgIkAra karanA, aSTapravacana mAtA karanA, Atmabodha (svAnubhUti) kI kriyAoM kI ora bar3hanA, vizeSa rUpa se kA pAlana karanA, dazavidha dharmoM kA pAlana nirantaratA hove aise cintana-manana, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, tapa Adi meM rata rahanA karanA, pariSaha-jaya kA yathAzakti prayatna anuprekSA, dhyAna Adi kA vizeSa prayatna ityaadi| karanA, samatApUrvaka jInA, zubhAzubhabhAva/ karanA ityaadi| Asakti/ rAga-dveSa Adi AsravoM se nivRtta evaM saMvara-nirjarA meM pravRtta honaa| paM kaSAya pUrNa pUrNajJAna arthAt kevalajJAna kA prakaTa pUrNatayA AtmalIna ho jAnA, jisake pUrNa samatva bhAva meM sthita hokara paramAnanda meM ca zUnya honA, jisake pazcAt bAhya jJAnopAsanA pazcAt bAhya kriyopAsanA kI AvazyakatA lIna ho jaanaa| kI AvazyakatA zeSa nahIM rhtii| zeSa nahIM rhtii| For Personal & Private Use Only dhArmika vyavahAra-prabandhana ke kramika vikAsa hetu jIvana-prabandhaka ko cAhie ki vaha uparyukta tAlikAnusAra apane stara kA cayana svayaM kare aura nirantara uttaravartI staroM para pahu~cane kA prayatna kre| =====< >===== jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 692
Page #795
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 12.7 niSkarSa isa prakAra, prastuta adhyAya meM hamane yaha jAnA ki paramparAgata rUpa se dharma kI jo vyAkhyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, ve dharma ko samyaktayA spaSTa karane meM sakSama nahIM haiN| vastutaH, dharma to eka ativyApaka avadhAraNA hai, jo kevala bAhya kriyAkANDa athavA pradarzanAtmaka vyavahAra se nahIM, apitu aMtaraMga naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM se sambaddha hai| dharma vAstava meM karane yA dikhAne kI vastu nahIM, yaha to jIne aura anubhUti karane kI eka avasthA hai| yaha mUlataH sArvabhaumika evaM sArvakAlika vyavasthA hai, jo vastu kA svabhAva hone se sadaiva yogyatA rUpa meM banI hI rahatI hai| vartamAna pariveza meM dhArmika mUlyoM ko anadekhA karane se dhArmika vyavahAroM meM ADambara, hiMsA, ekAntikatA Adi aneka visaMgatiyA~ utpanna hone lagI haiM, jisase jIvana meM dharma kA yathocita lAbha nahIM mila pA rhaa| dharma ke vAstavika mUlyoM ko sthApita karanA eka anivArya AvazyakatA bana cukI hai| binA prabandhana ke dhArmika vyavahAroM ko samyak dizA denA asambhava hai, ataH dhArmika vyavahAra-prabandhana eka naitika hI nahIM, apitu anivArya karttavya ke rUpa meM mAnavajAti ke samakSa ubharakara AyA hai| dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana hetu jainadharma evaM jainaAcAramImAMsA meM anekAneka sUtra vidyamAna haiN| ina sUtroM (siddhAntoM) kA samyak anuzIlana kara vyakti apane dhArmika dRSTikoNa ko na kevala santulita evaM samagra banA sakatA hai, apitu unakA jIvana vyavahAra meM samucita prayoga bhI kara sakatA hai| ise hI hamane dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika - ina do pakSoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ina pakSoM ke AdhAra para jIvana-prabandhaka sarvaprathama dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana kI cetanA jAgrata karatA huA samyak lakSyoM evaM nItiyoM kA nirdhAraNa kara sakatA hai| tatpazcAt upAsanAtmaka dharmasAdhanA - jJAnopAsanA evaM kriyopAsanA kA prayoga karate hue apane Apako samyak dhArmika-vyavahAroM ke lie zikSita evaM prazikSita kara sakatA hai| antataH vaha naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA jIvana-vyavahAra meM samyak samprayoga bhI kara sakatA hai aura aisA karatA huA vaha jIvana-prabandhana ke anya pahaluoM ko vikasita karane meM bhI saphalatA prApta kara sakatA hai| =====4.>===== 693 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #796
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uttara sandarbha pR. kra. 12.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment : A questionnaire) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| kra. prazna vikalpa- alpa-0 ThIka-(r) acchA-3 bahuta acchA-9 pUrNa-7 kyA Apa dharma ke vividha arthoM ko jAnate haiM? kyA Apa jIvana meM dharma ko mahattva dete haiM? kyA Apa dharma sAdhanA ke vividha AyAmoM ko jAnate haiM? vikalpa- hamezA-0 aksara-(c) kabhI-kabhI-3 kadAcita- kabhI nahIM-7 4) kyA Apa Alambana ke sthAna para ADambara ko dharma mAnate haiM? kyA Apa dharma ko manoraMjana kA sAdhana mAnate haiM? 6) kyA Apa dharma ko vyAvasAyika dRSTi se dekhate haiM? kyA Apa pratiSThA ke hetu se dharma karate haiM? 8) kyA Apa laukika dharma ko lokottara dharma mAnate haiM? kyA Apa ekAMgI dharma ko sarvAMgINa mAnate haiM? vikalpa- kabhI nahIM-0 kadAcita- kabhI-kabhI-OM aksara hamezA-7 10) kyA Apa bhUmikA ke anusAra dharma karate haiM? 11) kyA Apa zubha-bhAva pUrvaka pravRtti karate haiM? 12) kyA Apa zuddha-bhAvoM kA abhyAsa karate haiM? 13) kyA Apa anya vyaktiyoM ke sAtha svArtharahita vyavahAra karate haiM? 14) kyA ApakI mAnasika-zAnti rahatI hai? 15) kyA Apa jJAnAtmaka-dharma meM samaya vyatIta karate haiM? 16) kyA Apa kriyAtmaka-dharma meM samaya vyatIta karate haiM? 17) kyA Apa AcaraNAtmaka-dharma kA pAlana karate haiM? 18) kyA Apa laukika evaM lokottara dharma kA pAlana karate haiM? 19) kyA Apa dravyAtmaka evaM bhAvAtmaka dharma kA pAlana karate haiM? 20) kyA Apa ucita sthAna para dharma karate haiM? 21) kyA Apa ucita samaya para dharma karate haiM? 22) kyA Apa ziSTAcAra ke guNoM kA pAlana karate haiM? 23) kyA Apa mArgAnusArI ke guNoM kA pAlana karate haiM? 24) kyA Apa zrAvaka/muni vratoM kA pAlana karate haiM? 25) kyA Apa bAraha prakAra ke tapa karate haiM? kula kula 0-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 vartamAna meM prabandhana kA stara alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara alpatama jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 694 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #797
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 38 dharma kA marma, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 3 39 tattvArthasUtra, 5/21 1 bhAvasaMgraha, 373 40 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para 2 pAiyasaddamahaNNavo, paM.haragovindadAsa trikamacanda seTha, 41 dharma kA marma, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 16.17 pR. 485 42 sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/4/627 3 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 478 43 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 7/227 4 bhaktaparijJA, 91 44 lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA samAja, A.mahAprajJa, pR. 21 5 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/6/2/4 45 sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/135 6 pAiyasaddamahaNNavo, paM.haragovindadAsa trikamacanda seTha, 46 DaoN. sAgaramalajaina abhinandanagrantha, pR. 187 pR. 485 47 dharma kA marma, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 57 se uddhRta 7 pravacanasAra, 1/7 48 bhAratIyajIvanamUlya, DaoN.surendravarmA, pR. 25 8 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/8/3/1 49 vahI, pR. 50-56 9 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 478 50 dharmabindu, 1/50-51 10 vahI, 478 51 paramAtmaprakAza, 2/3 11 puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 216 52 bhAratIyajIvanamUlya, DaoN.surendravarmA, pR. 127-128 12 dazavaikAlikacUrNi, jinadAsagaNi, pR. 14 53 dharma kA marma, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 3 13 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 2 54 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 40, pR. 173 14 sarvArthasiddhi, 9/2/789 55 AnaMdaghana caubIsI, 14/2 15 pravacanasAra, 7 56 suktimuktAvalI, 82 16 grantharAjazrIpaMcAdhyAyI, 1483 (kaSAya, sA.hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 132 se uddhRta) 17 DaoN.sAgaramalajaina se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para 57 dharma : jIvana jIne kI kalA, satyanArAyaNa goyanakA, pR. 7 18 bhAratIyajIvanamUlya, DaoN.surendravarmA, pR. 56, 70 58 dhaNeNa kiM dhamma dhurAhigAre 19 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 1/1 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/17 20 taMdUlavaicArikaprakIrNaka saTIka, 12 59 bU~da-bU~da se ghaTa bhare; A.tulasI, pR. 57 21 vahI, 13 60 jainadharma : jIvana aura jagat, sA.kanakazrI. pR. 129 22 vahI, 14 61 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 3-5, pR. 534 23 vahI, 15 62 sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/1/109 24 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 12/46 63 kalpasUtra, A.AnaMdasAgarajI ma.sA., pA~cavI vA~canA, 25 jJAnArNavaH, 2/10/11 pR. 264-265 26 vahI, 2/10/4 64 pravacanasAra, 238 27 dhammasamo natthi nihI 65 Avazyakaniyukti, 102 - vajjAlaggaM, nIivajjA 1, pR. 85 66 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 4/33 28 AtmAnuzAsanam, 18 67 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/24.25 29 vahI, 19 68 dazavaikAlikasUtra, 8/35 30 vahI, 20 69 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 14/15 31 vahI, 22 70 dharma kA marma, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 18 32 kara lo jinavara kI pUjana, devendrakumAra jaina, pR. 423 71 vahI, pR. 19 33 AtmAnuzAsanam, 24 72 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 7/14.16 34 dharmabindu, 7/2.6 73 jainadharma : jIvana aura jagat, sA.kanakazrI, pR. 129 35 pravacanasAra, 71 74 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 31/2 36 attho mUlaM aNatthANaM - maraNasamAdhi, 603 75 zrImaddevacandra, vartamAna caubIsI, 1/5 37 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/1/1 76 pravacanasAra, 7 adhyAya 12 : dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana 695 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #798
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 77 zrImaddevacandra, vartamAna caubIsI, 12/2 115 ege carejja dhmm| 78 dvAdazaparva vyAkhyAna, A. AnandasAgarasUrijI, pR. 3 - praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 2/5/164 79 jainabhAratI (patrikA), sitaMbara, 2004, pR. 10 116 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 1813 80 AvazyakasUtra, a. 4, pR. 70.71 81 tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 82 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/25 83 vahI, 28/35 84 vahI, 25/32 85 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/12/8 86 AnaMdaghana caubIsI, 2/2 87 tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 88 AnaMdaghana caubIsI, 2/4 89 zrImadbhagavadgItA, 2/56 90 jJAnasAra, 3/5 91 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/31 92 Avazyakaniyukti, 98 93 bRhatkalpabhASya, 4675 94 niyamasAra, 2 95 adhyAtmasAra, 3/10/2-28 96 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 3/8 97 Avazyakaniyukti, 841-842 98 sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/1/52 99 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 3/9 100 dazavaikAlikaniyukti, 3 101 zrImaddevacandra, vartamAna caubIsI, 2/4 102 AvazyakapUjAsaMgraha, dIpacanda nAhaTA, pR. 23 103 samaNasuttaM, 303 104 paMcuMbari cauvigaI hima-visa-karage a savva-maTTi a| rAi-bhoyaNagaM ciya bahu-bIa annNt-sNdhaannaa|| gholavaDA vAyaMgaNa amuNia-nAmAiM pussph-phlaaii| tuccha-phalaM calia-rasa vajje vajjANi bAvIsaM / / - abhakSya anaMtakAya vicAra, prANalAlamehatA, pR. 3 105 dharmabindu, 1/14 106 yogazAstra, 1/47-56 107 tattvArthasUtra, 7/1,16 108 AvazyakasUtra, a. 4, pR. 52,53 109 tattvArthasUtra, 7/1 110 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 24/2 111 tattvArthasUtra, 9/6 112 vahI, 9/19-20 113 vahI, 9/9 114 bRhatkalpabhASya, 4584 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 44 696 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #799
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 13 AdhyAtmika vikAsa prabandhana SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #800
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #801
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 13 AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana (Spiritual Development Management) Page No. Chap. Cont. 1 702 707 697 715 722 722 722 723 723 725 726 728 732 735 13.1 AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA svarUpa 13.2 AdhyAtmika jIvana meM sAdhaka, sAdhana aura sAdhya kI ekarUpatA 13.3 jainadharma meM AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vividha stara 13.4 AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM AI visaMgatiyA~ evaM bAdhAe~ 13.5 jainadharma aura AcArazAstra ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika-jIvana-prabandhana 13.5.1 AdhyAtmika-jIvana-prabandhana kA saiddhAntika-pakSa (1) AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana kI mUla avadhAraNA (2) mokSa kA svarUpa (3) mokSa meM hI parama sukha (4) mokSa kA mArga (5) samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kA svarUpa (6) jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para vizva-vyavasthA (7) navatattvoM kA viSaya, jainadRSTi kA AdhAra 13.6 AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana kA prAyogika-pakSa 13.6.1 samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna kI prApti kA abhyAsa-krama (1) prAthamika bhUmikA kA nirmANa karanA (2) samyaktva-sammukhatA (3) samyagdarzana ke lie tIvra prayatna karanA (4) samyagdarzana kI prApti kA lakSyabhedI prayatna karanA 13.6.2 samyakcAritra ke vikAsa kA abhyAsa-krama (1) prAthamika bhUmikA kA nirmANa karanA (2) anantAnubandhI kaSAya se nivRtta honA (3) apratyAkhyAnIkaSAya se nivRtta honA (4) pratyAkhAnI kaSAya se nivRtta honA (5) tIvra saMjvalana kaSAya se nivRtta honA (6) manda saMjvalana kaSAya se nivRtta honA 13.7 niSkarSa 13.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI (Self Assessment: A questionnaire) sandarbhasUcI 735 735 736 736 737 737 737 738 738 738 739 739 740 741 742 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #802
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #803
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 13 13.1 AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA svarUpa jIvana- prabandhana ke kSetra meM AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| koI bhI jIvana- prabandhaka AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kI upekSA karake jIvana kA samyak prabandhana nahIM kara sakatA / yadyapi zikSA, samaya, zarIra, abhivyakti, mana, paryAvaraNa, samAja, artha (dhana), bhogopabhoga evaM dhArmika - vyavahAroM ke samyak prabandhana kA bhI jIvana meM mahattva hai, tathApi inakA lakSya vyAvahArika jIvana ko suvyavasthita karake AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie ucita pAtratA pradAna karanA mAtra hai| yaha AdhyAtmika-vikAsa prabandhana hI hai, jo eka ora zikSAdi prabandhanoM se arjita pAtratA kA samyak upayoga kara eka saphala AdhyAtmika vyaktitva kA nirmANa karatA hai, to dUsarI ora Atmika sadguNoM kA samyak vikAsa kara ina sabhI prabandhanoM kI prakriyA ko sucAru rUpa saMcAlita evaM niyaMtrita bhI karatA hai| isa prakAra AdhyAtmika -vikAsa evaM anya sabhI prabandhana paraspara sambaddha haiN| phira bhI, yaha kahanA hogA ki AdhyAtmika - vikAsa - prabandhana jIvana - prabandhana kA kendra bindu hai, jabaki anya sabhI prabandhana paridhi para sthita haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, AdhyAtmika - prabandhana sAdhya hai, jabaki anya sabhI prabandhana isa sAdhya kI prApti ke lie sAdhana rUpa haiN| 697 AdhyAtmika - vikAsa - prabandhana (Spiritual Development Management) yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna uThatA hai ki jIvana meM AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kI AvazyakatA kyoM haiM, isakA samyak abhiprAya kyA hai, isakA caramalakSya kyA hai aura isakI samyak prakriyA kyA hai? 13.1.1 AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI AvazyakatA, Akhira kyoM ? jIvana - vikAsa kI do dhArAe~ haiM AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika / yadyapi ina donoM ke AdhAra evaM dizA meM antara hai, tathApi donoM kA sAdhya eka hI hai vyaktitva - vikAsa / AdhyAtmika - dhArA AtmAzrita hai aura isakI dizA antarmukhI hai, jabaki bhautika - dhArA padArthAzrita hai aura isakI dizA bahirmukhI hai| AdhAra evaM dizA meM viparItatA hone ke bAvajUda donoM kA prayatna eka hI lakSya se hotA hai aura vaha hai - duHkha - vimukti evaM sukha - prApti / - - bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM sabhI prANiyoM kI maulika AvazyakatA bhI yahI / AcArAMgasUtra meM adhyAya 13: AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 1 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #804
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ spaSTa kahA gayA hai' 'suhasAyA dukkha paDikUlA' arthAt sabhI ko sukha priya hai aura duHkha apriya / samaNasuttaM meM isakI sArvabhaumikatA darzAte hue kahA gayA ki jaise tumheM duHkha priya nahIM hai, vaise hI sabhI jIvoM ko bhI duHkha priya nahIM hai / 2 prazamarati prakaraNa ke TIkAkAra ise eka svAbhAvika prakriyA ke rUpa meM darzAte hue kahate haiM sukha kI abhilASA honA pratyeka jIva kA svabhAva hI hai, vaha svAbhAvika rUpa se sukha cAhatA hai aura duHkha se DaratA hai| kintu yahA~ sukha kA tAtparya vastugata sukha (Objective Pleasure ) nahIM, apitu Atmagata sukha (Subjective Happiness) hai| 3 yahA~ prazna uThatA hai, ki jaba AdhAra aura dizA bhinna-bhinna haiM, to donoM meM se kauna-sA vikAsa vAstava meM sukha-prApti kA hetu hai? bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gaharAI se ina donoM dhArAoM ko samajhAyA aura yaha kahA ki samasta duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa vyakti kI bhautika padArthoM ke prati Asakti yA mamatvavRtti hai / yadyapi bhautika vikAsa se prApta sukha-suvidhA ke sAdhanoM ke dvArA vyakti duHkhoM ke nivAraNa kA prayatna karatA hai, tathApi vaha usa kAraNa kA uccheda nahIM kara pAtA, jisase duHkha kA srota prasphuTita hotA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki bhautika vikAsa ke dvArA icchAoM, AkAMkSAoM evaM tRSNAoM ko samApta karanA sambhava nahIM hai| bhautika vikAsa bhale hI icchApUrti ke dvArA mAnavIya AkAMkSAoM ko paritRpta karanA cAhatA hai, kintu vaha agni meM DAle gae ghRta ke samAna AkAMkSAoM ko upazAnta karane kI apekSA aura adhika bar3hAtA hI hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra, "bhautika vikAsa kI dizA meM kiyA jAne vAlA prayatna to TahaniyoM ko kATakara jar3a ko sIMcane ke samAna hai / " " - yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai, ki Akhira bhautika vikAsa icchApUrti karane meM samartha kyoM nahIM hai? jaina AgamoM meM isakA uttara dete hue kahA gayA hai ki icchAe~ AkAza ke samAna ananta hotI haiM aura unakI pUrti ke sAdhana sImita haiN| sImita sAdhanoM se asIma kI pUrti karanA asambhava hai| kahA gayA hai cAhe svarNa aura rajata ke kailAza ke samAna asaMkhya parvata bhI khar3e ho jAe~, phira bhI manuSya kI tRSNA ko pUrA karane meM samartha nahIM ho skte|' isa prakAra bhale hI sAdhanoM kA anta ho jAe, kintu icchAoM kA anta nahIM hotaa| kahAvata bhI hai Our desires are unlimited, but means are limited. yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnava ke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA atyadhika bhautika-vikAsa bhI usakI icchAoM kI pUrti karane meM asamartha hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isIlie bhautika vikAsa ke mArga ko sukha - prApti kA mArga nahIM batAyA, varan eka aise mArga ko prarUpita kiyA, jisase sukha-prApti kI abhilASA pUrNa ho ske| yaha mArga hai AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kA mArga, jisake mAdhyama se jIvana- prabandhaka duHkhoM se pUrNa mukta hokara Atmika sukha se sarAbora ho jAtA hai| ise hI hama AdhyAtmika - prabandhana kI prakriyA bhI kaha sakate haiM / kintu, sarvaprathama hameM yaha samajha lenA hogA ki AdhyAtmika-vikAsa se hamArA tAtparya kyA hai? 2 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only - 698
Page #805
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.1.2 AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA samyaka abhiprAya __'adhyAtma' zabda adhi + Atma se banA hai| saMskRta vaiyAkaraNoM ne isakI vyutpatti darzAte hue kahA hai - 'Atmani iti adhyAtmam' arthAt AtmA ke viSaya meM jo kucha hotA hai, vaha adhyAtma hai| anyatra bhI kahA gayA hai - 'AtmAnam adhikRtya yad vartate tad adhyAtmam' arthAt AtmA ko lakSya meM rakhakara jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, vaha adhyAtma hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke anusAra - 'AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara jo paMcAcAra kA samyaktayA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha adhyAtma hai|' TIkA meM isI bAta ko samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai - suvizuddha evaM anantaguNoM kA svAmI paramAtmatulya nijAtmA ko lakSita karake jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM vIryAcAra kA pAlana karanA hI adhyAtma hai|0 adhyAtmasAra meM ise aura adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai - 'AtmA para moha kA Adhipatya samApta hone para jo Atma-kendrita zuddha kriyAe~ hotI haiM, unheM adhyAtma kahanA caahie|'' bRhadravyasaMgraha meM moha ko spaSTa karate hue adhyAtma ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai - 'mithyAtva evaM rAgAdi samasta vikalpa jAloM kA tyAga karake zuddha Atmatattva meM ramaNa karanA adhyAtma hai|12 samayasAra meM saMkSepa meM kahA gayA hai ki apanI zuddhAtmA kI vizuddhatA ke lie AdhArabhUta AcaraNa karanA hI adhyAtma hai| isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM 'adhyAtma' zabda AtmA kI viziSTatA kA sUcaka hai| adhyAtma kI dizA meM jIvana ko agrasara karanA hI AdhyAtmika-vikAsa hai| dUsare zabdo meM, AdhyAtmika-vikAsa AtmA kA vikAsa hai| isa vikAsa ke mArga meM padArtha parama mUlya na hokara AtmA hI parama mUlya hai| jIvana kA parama lakSya bhI bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi nahIM, apitu Atmika Ananda kI anubhUti hai| AtmA ke kaSAyajanya malina pariNAmoM kA kSaya kara nirmala pariNAmoM kI prApti honA hI isa vikAsa kA mApadaNDa hai| isa prakAra, AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kA mArga mUlataH icchAoM, vAsanAoM evaM kaSAyoM se Upara uThakara samatA, santoSa , kSamA, mRdutA Adi sadguNoM kI saMprApti hai| 13.1.3 AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA lakSya Atmopalabdhi hI kyoM? yaha eka jvalanta prazna hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie Atmopalabdhi ko parama mUlya kyoM mAnA gayA aura bhautika-vikAsa ke prayatnoM meM AtmA ko mahattva kyoM nahIM diyA gayA? gaharAI se samIkSA karane para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTiyoM meM tAttvika rUpa se hI antara hai| jIvana-prabandhaka ke lie isa antara ko samajhanA atyAvazyaka hai| bhautika-dRSTi sukha-duHkha kA AdhAra bAhya vastuoM ko mAnatI hai| usake anusAra, sukha-duHkha vastugata tathya haiN| ataH usameM AtmA ko mahattva nahIM diyA gyaa| isake viparIta, AdhyAtmika-dRSTi sukha-duHkha kA kendra AtmA ko hI mAnatI hai| isake anusAra, sukha-duHkha donoM AtmakRta haiM, vAstavika Ananda kI upalabdhi padArthoM se nahIM, apitu Atmika bhAvoM se hI hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki sukha aura duHkha kA kartA-bhoktA AtmA svayaM hai| vahI apanA mitra bhI hai aura 699 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #806
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zatru bhii| jo supratiSThita arthAt sadguNoM meM sthita AtmA hai, vaha mitra hai aura jo duHpratiSThita arthAt durguNoM meM sthita AtmA hai, vaha zatru hai| 14 ataH spaSTa ki AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kI prakriyA meM AtmA ko hI sAdhanA kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai| 13.1.4 AtmA kA samyak svarUpa yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se jijJAsA uTha sakatI hai ki AtmA kyA hai, yaha kaisI hai, isakA patana kisa rUpa meM hotA hai aura isakA utthAna kaise sambhava hai? jainadarzana meM ina praznoM kA spaSTa nirAkaraNa AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana, samayasAra, pravacanasAra Adi aneka granthoM meM upalabdha hai| 16 jainAcAryoM ke anusAra, vizva do prakAra ke padArthoM kA samUha hai jIva evaM ajIva | 15 jIva ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai jo jIyA thA, jItA hai aura jIegA, vahI jIva hai| isake aneka paryAyavAcI haiM, jaise prANI, jantu, sattva, AtmA, cetana ityAdi / AtmA (jIva) ke Azrita aneka guNa rahate haiM, jinameM pramukha haiM jJAna, darzana, cAritra. sukha, vIrya aadi|" ye guNa sadaiva AtmA ke sAtha rahate haiM aura inake mUla svarUpa meM kabhI koI parivartana nahIM AtA / AtmA kA pratyeka guNa apanA-apanA kArya karatA hai, jise 'paryAya' kahA jAtA hai| 18 yaha paryAya pratisamaya parivartanazIla rahatI huI do prakAra kI hotI haiM svabhAva evaM vibhaav| 19 jaba AtmA meM vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ke anurUpa jJAnAdi guNoM kA pariNamana hotA hai, taba anya dravyoM se nirapekSa" svabhAva-paryAya utpanna hotI hai| isase viparIta pariNamana hone para anya dravyoM ke sApekSa vibhAva-paryAya utpanna hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, dehAdi (Atmetara) padArthoM ke prati mamatvAdi (ye mere haiM ityAdi) bhAvoM ke hone para vibhAva - paryAya kI utpatti hotI hai, kintu vastu-svarUpa ko AdhAra banAkara para - padArthoM ke prati iSTa-aniSTa buddhi kA tyAga karake samatvAdi bhAvoM ke hone para svabhAva - paryAya utpanna hotI hai| isa prakAra, vibhAva dazA AtmA ke hrAsa kI evaM svabhAva dazA AtmA ke vikAsa kI paricAyaka hai / guNa jJAna guNoM kA sAmarthya jAnane kI zakti darzana mAnyatA banAne kI zakti cAritra AcaraNa karane kI zakti vIrya purUSArtha karane kI zakti Anandita hone kI zakti sukha AtmA ke vividha guNoM kI svabhAva evaM vibhAva paryAyoM ke antara ko nimna tAlikA ke mAdhyama se samajhA jA sakatA hai 4 jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 700
Page #807
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ guNa vibhAva paryAya svabhAva paryAya jJAna mithyAjJAna - vastu-svarUpa ko yathArtha rUpa se nahIM samyagjJAna - vastu-svarUpa ko saMzaya, viparyaya evaM jAnanA, jaise - jar3a-cetana kA viveka na honA, anadhyavasAya rahita jAnanA, jaise - jar3a ko jar3a, saMsAra-mokSa ke bAre meM anyathA buddhi honA aadi| cetana ko cetana jAnanA, saMsAra-mokSa ke samyaka mArga kA nirNaya honA aadi| darzana mithyAdarzana - vastu-svarUpa kA ayathArtha zraddhAna samyagdarzana - vastu-svarUpa kA yathArtha zraddhAna honA, honA, jaise - sva-para sambandhI viparIta mAnyatA jaise - sva ko sva, para ko para mAnanA, sukha-duHkha honA, zubhAzubha bhAvoM ko bhalA mAnanA evaM zuddha svayaM se hI hai, aisA mAnanA, mokSa ko AtmasvabhAva bhAvoM ko anupayogI mAnanA aadi| mAnanA aadi| cAritra mithyAcAritra - vastu-svarUpa se viparIta AcaraNa samyakcAritra - vastu-svarUpa ke anusAra AcaraNa karanA, jaise - rAga-dveSa, kaSAya, moha Adi se karanA, jaise - Atma-svarUpa meM ramaNatA, rAga-dveSa yukta prvRttiyaaN| rahitatA, samatva bhAva, jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva aadi| vIrya mithyApurUSArtha - bAhya padArthoM se sambandha jor3ane samyakpurUSArtha - AtmA ke dvArA AtmA meM rahane kA vAlA purUSArtha krnaa| purUSArtha krnaa| sukha AkulatA-vyAkulatA-harSa (sukhAbhAsa) evaM viSAda anAkulatA-Atmika-Ananda rUpa pariNAma honaa| rUpa pariNAma honaa| isa prakAra, jaba taka AtmA vibhAva paryAya meM hotI hai aura sva-svarUpa se viparIta vartana karatI hai, taba taka usake jJAnAdi guNoM kI dazA mithyAjJAnAdi rUpa banI rahatI hai| vaha vivekavihIna evaM mUr3ha hokara para se rAga-dveSa, moha Adi karatI rahatI hai aura usI meM purUSArtha karatI huI Akula-vyAkula hotI rahatI hai| jainAcAryoM ne ise unmattavat arthAt pAgaloM kI taraha kArya karane rUpa sthiti kahA hai| parantu, jaba AtmA yathArtha AtmajJAna pAkara vastu-svarUpa kA samyak zraddhAna kara, AtmasvabhAva meM ramaNa karane lagatI hai aura usI meM sthira rahane kA purUSArtha karatI hai, taba eka nirAkula, atizayayukta, avinAzI AtmAnanda kI anubhUti karatI hai, jise jainAcAryoM ne svabhAva dazA kahA hai| uparyukta cintana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa vastutaH, vibhAva dazA se svabhAva dazA kI ora agrasara hone kI prakriyA hai| yahI vaha dazA hai, jisameM mohAdi ke vikalpajAla naSTa ho jAte haiM aura paramAnanda kI prApti hotI hai| isa avasthA ko prApta karanA hI pratyeka jIvana-prabandhaka kA parama sAdhya hai| =====4.>===== 701 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #808
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.2 AdhyAtmika jIvana meM sAdhaka, sAdhana aura sAdhya kI ekarUpatA AtmA ko vibhAva- dazA se svabhAva - dazA meM lAne vAlI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prakriyA meM tIna mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka hote haiM sAdhaka sAdhana evaM sAdhya / sAmAnyatayA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA karane vAle ko sAdhaka kahate haiM, AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke lakSya ko sAdhya kahate haiM aura vaha upAya, jisake mAdhyama se sAdhaka sAdhya kI prApti karatA hai, use sAdhana kahate haiM / jIvana - prabandhana kI dizA meM ina tInoM ke svarUpa evaM pArasparika sambandhoM ko samyaktayA samajhanA atyAvazyaka hogaa| (1) vyAvahArika jIvana meM sAdhaka, sAdhana aura sAdhya vyAvahArika jIvana meM jaba bhI vyakti ko kisI kArya kI siddhi karanI hotI hai, to sarvaprathama sAdhya kA nirdhAraNa karanA par3atA hai, kyoMki sAdhya-nirdhAraNa ke binA kisI bhI kArya meM saphalatA prApta nahIM hotii| tatpazcAt sAdhya kI prApti ke lie anukUla sAdhanoM ke grahaNa evaM pratikUla ke tyAga kI AvazyakatA bhI hotI hai anyathA sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / sAdhya ke nirdhAraNa evaM ucita sAdhanoM ke cayana ke sAtha-sAtha yogya sAdhaka kA honA bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai| sAdhaka use kahate haiM, jo prApta sAdhanoM kA isa prakAra prayoga kare ki sAdhya siddha ho ske| isI kAraNa sAdhaka meM kucha nizcita yogyatAe~ honI bhI Avazyaka haiN| - udAharaNa ke lie, yadi koI chAtra DaoNkTara bananA cAhatA hai, to sarvaprathama vaha yaha sunizcita karatA hai ki use DaoNkTara bananA hai| isa sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie vaha cikitsA mahAvidyAlaya, zikSaka, pustakeM, adhyayana kakSa, phIsa, parivahana Adi sAdhanoM kA cayana karatA hai| isake sAtha hI vaha apanI yogyatA kA nirmANa bhI karatA hai, jisase use mahAvidyAlaya meM praveza mila sake aura vahA~ dI jA rahI zikSA ko vaha samyaktayA grahaNa kara sake / isa prakAra, jaba sAdhaka, sAdhana evaM sAdhya niSpatti hotI hai| 6 - (2) AdhyAtmika jIvana meM sAdhaka, sAdhana aura sAdhya AdhyAtmika jIvana meM bhI vyAvahArika jIvana kI taraha hI sAdhaka, sAdhana evaM sAdhya kI ekarUpatA honA atyanta Avazyaka hai / kintu sarvaprathama yaha jAnanA hogA ki AdhyAtmika jIvana meM sAdhya se hamArA tAtparya kyA hai, sAdhana kA samyak mApadaNDa kyA hai aura sAdhaka meM kyA-kyA yogyatAe~ apekSita haiM? ina tInoM kI ekarUpatA hotI hai, tabhI kArya kI jainadarzana anekAntavAdI hai, jisameM kisI bhI tathya kA nirdhAraNa ekAnta - dRSTikoNa se nahIM kiyA jaataa| ataH sAdhaka, sAdhana evaM sAdhya aura inake pArasparika sambandhoM ko bhI yahA~ vividha dRSTikoNoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai| jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 702
Page #809
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.2.1 sAdhya kA svarUpa AdhyAtmika jIvana meM sarvaprathama sAdhya kA nirdhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai| jainadarzana meM isa sAdhya ko paramAtmapada ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne isa pada kA varNana karate hue paramAtmA ke teIsa vizeSaNa die haiM - 'zarIra-indriyAdi se rahita, acintya guNoM ke samUha, sUkSma, lokAgra meM avasthita, janmAdi saMklezoM se rahita, pradhAna jyotisvarUpa, andhakArarahita, sUrya jaise nirmala , akSara, brahma, nitya, prakRtirahita. lokAloka ke prakAzaka, samudra samAna nistaraMga, varNarahita, sparzarahita, agurulaghu, sabhI pIr3AoM se rahita, paramAnanda sukha se yukta, asaMga, sabhI kalAoM se pare, sadAziva, Adya aadi| 21 jainadarzana meM mUlataH 'paramAtmA' zabda do arthoM kA dyotaka hai - prathama artha meM yaha AtmA ke traikAlika zuddha svarUpa ko iMgita karatA hai aura dUsare artha meM yaha AtmA kI sarvocca zuddha avasthA ko darzAtA hai| prathama artha vastutaH AtmA kI mohayukta malina avasthA ko gauNa karake jJAnAdi anantaguNoM ke piNDa ke rUpa meM Atmadravya ko parilakSita karatA hai| isakI dRSTi meM pratyeka AtmA pratyeka avasthA meM zuddha caitanyamUrti hai aura usameM lezamAtra bhI azuddhi nahIM hai| jo kucha azuddhiyA~ haiM, ve saMyogI padArthoM evaM unake nimitta se hone vAlI avasthAoM meM hai, parantu traikAlika zuddha svarUpa to ina sabase nirapekSa hI hai aura sadAkAla nirmala, nizcala, nirvikArI, eka, akhaNDa evaM zuddha sattA rUpa meM rahatA hai| jisa prakAra lohe kA saMga pAkara bhI svarNa kA svarNatva jyoM kA tyoM banA rahatA hai, usI prakAra aneka prakAra ke saMyoga milane para bhI AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa eka-sA banA rahatA hai| vaha dravyakarma, bhAvakarma evaM nokarma se sarvathA rahita hotA hai yAni usameM na aSTa karmoM (dravyakarma) kI malinatA kA praveza hotA hai, na rAga-dveSa Adi kaluSatAoM (bhAvakarma) kA prabhAva par3atA hai aura na zarIra, parijanAdi bAhya padArthoM (nokarma) kA tAdAtmya hotA hai| yaha zuddhAtma-svarUpa mahimAmaya, pUrNavyakta, anubhavagocara, nizcala, zAzvat , karmakalaMka rUpI kIcar3a se rahita , stuti karane yogya sAkSAt paramAtmA (deva) hai| jainAcAryoM ne isa zuddhAtma-svarUpa kI upalabdhi ko hI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA parama sAdhya batAyA hai| jaba AtmA zuddhAtma-svarUpa kI anubhUti karatI hai, taba vizuddha jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva yA sAkSIbhAva utpanna hotA hai, jo AtmA ko nirAkula samAdhi kI avasthA meM sthita kara duHkhoM se mukta kara detA hai| isa prakAra AtmA kA sAdhya AtmA svayaM hai| jainadarzana meM 'paramAtmA' zabda apane dvitIya artha meM adhika pracalita hai| yaha vastutaH mUlasvarUpa ko nahIM, apitu mUlasvarUpa ke Azraya se niSpanna hone vAlI AtmA kI paripUrNa zuddha avasthA ko iMgita karatA hai| isa avasthA ko 'mokSa' bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha mokSapada yA paramAtmapada AtmA kA paramasAdhya isIlie mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha vaha avasthA hai, jisameM sarva vibhAva (rAgAdi bhAva) vinaSTa ho jAte haiM evaM ananta catuSTaya - anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha evaM anantavIrya prakaTa ho jAte haiN| 703 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #810
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isa avasthA ke do bheda haiM - 1) arihaMta 2) siddha / arihaMta paramAtmA sazarIrI evaM siddha paramAtmA azarIrI hote haiN| ye arihanta paramAtmA bhI AyuSyAdi aghAtI karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para siddha paramAtmA bana jAte haiN| yadyapi zarIra, karma Adi kI apekSA se ina donoM meM antara hotA hai, tathApi aMtaraMga svarUpa kI dRSTi se inameM koI bheda nahIM hotaa| jaba taka AtmA sAMsArika moha-mAyA ke kAraNa karmamala se AcchAdita rahatI hai, taba taka vaha bAdaloM se ghire hue sUrya ke samAna hotI hai, kintu jaba sAdhanA (prabandhana) ke dvArA ina karmoM ke AvaraNa ko dUra kara detI hai, taba yahI AtmA anantAnanta AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA puMja banakara zuddha , buddha aura mukta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra yaha dvitIya artha AtmapUrNatA arthAt AtmA kI sarvocca avasthA ko AdhyAtmika jIvana ke sAdhya ke rUpa meM prakAzita karatA hai| jaba AtmA pUrvokta prathama artha se nirdiSTa zuddhAtma svarUpa rUpI sAdhya kA samagra Azraya le letA hai, taba hI AtmA dvitIya artha se nirdiSTa sarvocca AtmadazA kI prApti karatA hai| isa prakAra donoM sAdhya pRthak-pRthak nahIM, apitu paraspara sambaddha hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to donoM kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki AdhyAtmika jIvana meM AtmA hI 'sAdhya' hai| 13.2.2 sAdhana kA svarUpa AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko siddha karane ke lie sAdhana yA sAdhanA-mArga kA bhI apanA vaiziSTya hai| isake binA sAdhya kI prApti asambhava hai| vastutaH, sAdhanA mArga para calakara hI sAdhya kI prApti ho sakatI hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM jina sAdhanoM kA mahattva hai, unakA varNana karate hue tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kI ekatA hI mokSa rUpI sAdhya kA sAdhanA-mArga hai| 26 isI bAta ko samajhAte hue uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra evaM samyaktapa ke mArga kA anukaraNa karane vAlI AtmA mokSa rUpI sAdhya kI prApti karatI hai|" vastutaH, uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM tapa ko cAritra se pRthak karake sthAna diyA gayA hai, isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki tapa karmakSaya kA viziSTa sAdhana hai| / yadyapi samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra evaM samyaktapa - ye mokSa-mArga ke sahacArI sAdhana haiM, tathApi bhedadRSTi ke dvArA inake kAryoM meM vidyamAna antara ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| padmanandi paMcaviMzikA ke anusAra, AtmA kA nizcaya samyagdarzana hai, AtmA kA bodha samyagjJAna hai aura AtmA meM hI sthiti samyakcAritra hai|28 uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra, jIvAdi padArthoM ko jAnanA samyagjJAna hai, una para zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai, zubhAzubha bhAvoM kA nirodha karanA samyakcAritra hai aura vizeSa zuddhi kA prayatna karanA samyaktapa hai| bhale hI jainazAstroM meM samyagdarzanAdi sAdhanoM evaM unake kAryoM meM bheda darzAyA gayA hai, phira bhI paramArtha se inheM abheda hI mAnA gayA hai| kevala samajhane ke lie bheda kiyA jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 704 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #811
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jAtA hai, lekina vAstavikatA meM inameM bheda nahIM hotaa| yogazAstra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra, jinheM mokSamArga kahA jAtA hai, ve vastutaH AtmA hI haiN| 30 samayasAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki ye tInoM bhAva vyavahAra-dRSTi se kahe jAte haiM, kintu nizcaya-dRSTi se na samyagjJAna hai, na samyagdarzana hai aura na samyakcAritra hai, kevala AtmA (jJAyaka) hI satya hai| isase spaSTa hai ki AdhyAtmika jIvana meM AtmA hI 'sAdhana' hai| jainadRSTi meM isa prazna kA nirAkaraNa bhI milatA hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke antargata samyagdarzanAdi tInoM sAdhanoM kI prApti eka sAtha hotI hai yA nhiiN| vastutaH, tInoM sAdhana jaba paripUrNa rUpa se vikasita ho jAte haiM, tabhI mokSa rUpI sAdhya kI prApti hotI hai, yaha niyama hai| kintu, isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki inameM koI krama nahIM hotaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isa viSaya meM kahA gayA hai - samyagdarzana rahita jIva ko samyagjJAna nahIM hotA, samyagjJAna ke binA samyakcAritra nahIM hotA aura cAritravihIna jIva kA mokSa nahIM hotA tathA mokSa ke binA nirvANa nahIM hotaa| yadyapi samyagdarzana ke binA samyagjJAna nahIM hone kI bAta avazya kI gaI hai, para yaha samyagdarzana ke mAhAtmya ko darzAne ke lie hI kahI gaI hai| vastutaH, ina donoM meM sAhacarya hotA hai, itanA avazya hai ki samyakcAritra kI niSpatti ina donoM ke prakaTa hone ke pazcAt hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isIlie kahA gayA hai ki samyagdarzana ke binA samyakcAritra nahIM hotA, kintu samyakcAritra ke binA samyagdarzana ho sakatA hai| ye samyagdarzana aura samyakcAritra eka sAtha bhI ho sakate haiM, phira bhI samyakcAritra se pUrva hI samyagdarzana hotA hai|33 aba yaha prazna uThatA hai ki AdhyAtmika jIvana meM sAdhaka kauna hotA hai aura usakI kyA yogyatAe~ hotI hai? 13.2.3 sAdhaka kA svarUpa kisI bhI kArya kI siddhi meM sAdhaka kA apratima mahattva hotA hai| sAdhaka ke binA sAdhanA patha kA anukaraNa evaM tadanantara sAdhya kI prApti asambhava hai| yaha prazna uThatA hai ki AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kise sAdhaka kahA jAe? jainadarzana kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki vizva kI pratyeka AtmA anantazaktiyoM kA ajasra srota hai, kintu sabhI ko sAdhaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jisa AtmA ko apanI zaktiyoM para vizvAsa ho jAtA hai aura jo zuddhAtma-svarUpa kI prApti ke lie purUSArtha prArambha kara detI hai, use sAdhaka kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, jo vibhAvadazA se svabhAvadazA kI ora prayatnazIla rahatI hai, vaha AtmA sAdhaka kahalAtI hai| jisa prakAra khadAna se nikale hIre kI camaka kama hotI hai, parantu jaba use aneka prakAra kI prakriyAoM dvArA svaccha kara tarAzA jAtA hai, to usakI camaka bar3ha jAtI hai| ThIka usI prakAra sAdhaka 705 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #812
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kI prAthamika avasthA malina hotI hai, kintu vibhinna sAdhanAoM ke dvArA vaha paramAtmadazA (sAdhya) ko bhI prApta kara letA hai| sAdhaka ke sAmAnya lakSaNa darzAte hue adhyAtmopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka meM tIna bAtoM kA honA Avazyaka hai - moha kI alpatA, AtmasvarUpa kI ora abhimukhatA evaM apane durAgrahoM se mukti| 15 zrImadrAjacandra ne bhI AtmajJAna prApti ke yogya adhikArI ke cAra lakSaNa batAe haiM - vizAlabuddhi , madhyasthatA, saralatA aura jitendriytaa| anyatra bhI saccI mumukSutA kA lakSaNa darzAte hue kahA hai ki sarva prakAra kI mohAsakti se Akula-vyAkula hokara eka mokSa ke lie hI prayatna karane vAlA mumukSu (sAdhaka) hai aura isase bhI adhika jo ananya prema se mokSamArga meM pratikSaNa pravRttizIla hai, vaha tIvra mumukSu (vizeSa sAdhaka) hai|" dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo jJAnAnandamaya AtmA ko sAdhatA hai, vaha sAdhaka hai| sAgAra-dharmAmRta meM kahA gayA hai ki jo samAdhimaraNa ko sAdhatA hai, vaha sAdhaka (zrAvaka) hai| isa prakAra sAdhakoM ke vividha lakSaNa jainaAcArazAstroM meM varNita haiN| vastutaH, rAga-dveSa, kaSAya aura vAsanAoM kI mAtrA saba sAdhakoM kI alaga-alaga hotI hai aura isIlie bhinna-bhinna prakAra se sAdhakoM ke lakSaNa batAe gae haiN| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne jaghanya aura utkRSTa sAdhaka ke AdhyAtmika jIvana kA antara spaSTa karate hue kahA hai - 'sAdhanA kI prAthamika avasthA meM sAdhaka indriya-viSayoM kA aniSTa buddhi se tyAga karatA hai, parantu vahI sAdhanA ke ucca zikhara para pahu~cakara, na to viSayoM kA tyAga karatA hai aura na hI grahaNa, apitu unake yathArtha svarUpa kA dRSTAmAtra rahatA hai| 40 niSkarSa yaha hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sAdhaka , sAdhana aura sAdhya kI ekarUpatA hotI hai| AtmA hI sAdhya, AtmA hI sAdhana evaM AtmA hI sAdhaka hotI hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA yaha kathana ki "AyA Ne ajje! sAmAie, AyA Ne ajje! sAmAiyassa aTe41 arthAt AtmA svayaM samatvarUpa hai evaM samatva kI prApti usakA lakSya hai, sAdhaka aura sAdhya kI ekarUpatA darzAtA hai| isI prakAra niyamasAra kI yaha paMkti ki AtmA ko jJAna-darzana rUpa jAno aura jJAna-darzana ko AtmA jAno42 athavA samayasAra kA yaha kathana ki darzana, jJAna aura cAritra paramArtha-dRSTi se AtmA hI hai,43 sAdhaka evaM sAdhana kI ekarUpatA ko pratipAdita karatA hai| ===== ===== 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 706 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #813
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.3 jainadharma meM AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vividha stara AdhyAtmika jIvana kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki yadyapi isakA sAdhya ekarUpa hI hotA hai, phira bhI sAdhaka kI avasthA eka samAna nahIM hotii| rAga-dveSa, kaSAya aura vAsanA kI taratamatA sabhI sAdhakoM meM alaga-alaga hotI hai aura isase sAdhakoM ke aneka stara bana jAte haiN| sAdhaka jisa stara para hotA hai, usakI sAdhanA bhI usI stara ke anurUpa hotI hai| isa prakAra, sAdhya meM ekarUpatA hone ke bAda bhI sAdhaka aura usake sAdhanA-stara meM vyaktivizeSa kI apekSA se vividhatAe~ hotI haiN| ataH yaha samajhanA hogA ki AdhyAtmika jIvana-prabandhana kI dizA meM jo sAdhaka kadama bar3hAte haiM. unake vibhinna stara kyA ho sakate haiM aura tadanurUpa unakI sAdhanA ke bhI kyA-kyA stara ho sakate haiM? mukhya rUpa se yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki sAdhanA ke staroM meM to antara raha sakatA hai, parantu mUla sAdhanA-mArga kI dizA sabhI sAdhakoM kI samAna hI hotI hai| 13.3.1 prathama vargIkaraNa : upasthita anupasthita ke AdhAra para jainadharma meM AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vibhinna staroM kI jo carcAe~ huI haiM, unameM se sabase mukhya carcA una do vargoM ko lekara hai, jinameM se pahalA varga vaha hai, jo abhI sAdhanA mArga meM upasthita hI nahIM hai aura dUsarA vaha hai, jo sAdhanA mArga meM upasthita hokara sAdhya kI prApti ke lie prayatna kara rahA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM inheM 'anupasthita' aura 'upasthita' ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| upasthita ke lie paNDita, medhAvI, dhIra, samyaktvadarzI aura ananyadarzI - ye nAma prayukta haiM aura anupasthita ko bAla, manda aura mUDha ke nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| 13.3.2 dvitIya vargIkaraNa : bahirAtmA-antarAtmA-paramAtmA ke AdhAra para sAdhaka ke vibhinna staroM ko lekara jo dUsarA vargIkaraNa hai, vaha AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM para AdhArita hai - (1) bahirAtmA - jainAcAryoM ne usa AtmA ko bahirAtmA kahA hai, jo sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM meM ruci rakhatI hai| vaha para-padArthoM meM Atmabuddhi kA AropaNa karake jItI rahatI hai aura mithyAtva se yukta hotI hai| yaha AtmA kI bahirmukhI arthAt viSayAbhimukhI avasthA hai| (2) antarAtmA - antarAtmA dehAtmabuddhi se rahita hotI hai, kyoMki vaha sva aura para kI bhinnatA ko bhedavijJAna ke dvArA jAna letI hai| yaha AtmA bArambAra apane paramAtmasvarUpa kA Alambana lekara jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva meM rahane kA abhyAsa karatI rahatI hai| yaha cetanA kI antarmukhI avasthA hai| (3) paramAtmA - jo AtmA karmamala se rahita, rAga-dveSa kI vijetA, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI hotI hai, use paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai| paramAtmA ke pUrvokta do bheda kie gae haiM - arihaMta aura siddha / jIvanamukta AtmA ko arihaMta evaM dehamukta AtmA ko siddha kahA jAtA hai| 707 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #814
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AtmA kI ina tIna avasthAoM ko kramazaH AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke tIna sopAnoM ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai| bahirAtmA se antarAtmA evaM antarAtmA se paramAtmA ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| inhIM tIna avasthAoM ko sAmAnyatayA mithyAdRSTi, samyagdRSTi evaM sarvadarzI AtmA bhI kahA jAtA hai| paNDita sukhalAlajI ne inheM kramazaH AdhyAtmika-avikAsa, AdhyAtmika-vikAsa aura AdhyAtmika-pUrNatA kI avasthA kahA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina inheM anaitika, naitika evaM atinaitika avasthA kahate haiN| AtmA ke isa trividha vargIkaraNa kA pramukha zreya AcArya kundakunda ko jAtA hai| paravartI sabhI digambara aura zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne inhIM kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| kArtikeya, pUjyapAda , haribhadra , yogendu, Anandaghana aura yazovijaya Adi sabhI ne apanI-apanI racanAoM meM AtmA ke uparyukta tInoM prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana kI dRSTi se yaha mAnanA hogA ki bahirAtmA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se vaMcita rahatI hai aura antarAtmA banate hI usakI sAdhanA prArambha hotI hai, jo paramAtmA-avasthA prApta hone para pUrNa ho jAtI hai| vaha paramAtmadazA meM pahu~cakara sAdhya ko prApta kara usameM ekAkAra ho jAtI hai| 13.3.3 tRtIya vargIkaraNa : karmabandhana ke hetuoM ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vikAsa ko lekara mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda , kaSAya evaM yoga - ina karmabandhana ke hetuoM ke AdhAra para bhI sAdhanA ke cha: vibhAga kie jA sakate haiM - (1) mithyAtva sahita AtmA - ayathArtha (mithyA) dRSTikoNa ko mithyAtva kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke samyak lakSya evaM samyaka mArga se anabhijJa hotA hai, use satya kI yathArtha anubhUti nahIM ho paatii| yaha sabase nikRSTa avasthA hai, jisameM mithyAtva sahita avirati Adi cAroM doSa bhI bane hI rahate haiN|52 (2) samyagdRSTi AtmA - yaha AtmA kI vaha asaMyamita avasthA hai, jisameM mithyAtva to chUTa jAtA hai, kintu avirati banI rahatI hai| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra, hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya aura parigraha - ina pA~coM doSoM se virakta na honA avirati hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai - pA~ca indriyoM aura eka mana ke viSaya evaM pA~ca sthAvara aura eka trasa jIva kI hiMsA - ina bAraha prakAra ke doSoM kA tyAga na karanA avirati hai|54 isa avasthA meM sAdhaka AMzika yA pUrNa rUpa se saMyamamaya jIvana nahIM jI paataa| jJAtavya hai ki jisakI avirati dazA hotI hai, usameM pramAda Adi tIna doSa bhI rahate hI haiN|55 (3) virata AtmA - yaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA tRtIya stara hai, jisameM sAdhaka avirati para vijaya prApta kara saMyama aMgIkAra kara letA hai, kintu usameM pramAda (asajagatA) doSa vidyamAna rahatA hai| 12 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 708 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #815
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vastutaH , yaha pramAda atyalpa hI hotA hai, phira bhI sAdhaka ko apane AtmasvarUpa meM ramaNatA ke lie bAdhaka hotA hai, isase prabhAvita hokara usake zuddhopayoga (jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva) kA ghAta hotA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai - Atmahita kA vismaraNa honA pramAda hai athavA Atmahita ke kAryoM meM asAvadhAnI honA (kuzaleSu anAdaraH) pramAda hai|" isa pramAda ke pandraha bheda haiM - cAra vikathA (strIkathA, bhojanakathA, rAjakathA evaM dezakathA), pA~ca indriyoM ke viSaya, cAra kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha) nidrA evaM sneh/mdy| jJAtavya hai ki jo pramAda se yukta hotA hai, usameM kaSAya evaM yoga bhI rahate hI haiN| (4) pramAdarahita AtmA - yaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA caturtha stara hai, jisameM sAdhaka pramAda para vijaya prApta kara letA hai, kintu alpa kaSAya (saMjvalana kaSAya/no kaSAya) kA doSa vidyamAna rahatA hai| AtmA ke krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha rUpa pariNAmoM ko kaSAya kahate haiN| ina krodhAAdi cAroM meM se pratyeka ke anantAnubandhI Adi cAra bheda hokara solaha tathA hAsyAdika nau nokaSAya jur3akara kaSAya ke kula paccIsa bheda hote haiN| ina sabhI kaSAyoM se AdhyAtmika sAdhanA bAdhita hotI hai, sAdhaka samatvabhAva meM nahIM raha paataa| isa stara ke sAdhaka kI kaSAya atyalpa raha jAtI hai, usameM kevala saMjvalana kaSAya evaM nokaSAyoM kI upasthiti hotI hai, ye kaSAya bhI usakI AtmapUrNatA yA vItarAgadazA kI prApti meM bAdhaka hotI haiN| jJAtavya hai ki saMjvalana kaSAya kI vidyamAnatA meM yoga bhI rahatA hI hai| (5) kaSAyarahita AtmA - isa avasthA meM pahu~cakara sAdhaka kI kaSAya pUrNataH kSINa (kSaya) ho jAtI hai| vaha AdhyAtmika-vikAsa ke sAdhya rUpa arihanta avasthA ko prApta karake kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai| phira bhI, zarIra se yukta hone ke kAraNa yoga arthAt Atmika pradezoM kA parispandana (caMcalatA/kampana) banA rahatA hai, jo isa parama utkRSTa sthiti meM bAdhaka to nahIM hotA,62 phira bhI usake sadbhAva meM IryApathika bandha (kSaNika bandha) calatA rahatA hai aura siddha avasthA kI prApti nahIM ho paatii| (6) yogarahita AtmA - yaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA antima zikhara hai, jise siddhAvasthA kahA jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM yoga (dravya se mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRtti evaM bhAva se Atma-pradezoM kA parispaMdana) bhI samApta ho jAte haiM aura AtmA aDola, akampa hokara sAdi-ananta kAla taka paramAnanda kI prApti karatI rahatI hai| ina mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga rUpa pA~ca bhAvoM kA ullekha samavAyAMgasUtra, RSibhASita, tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM meM upalabdha hai|63 709 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 13 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #816
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.3.4 caturtha vargIkaraNa : kaSAyoM ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vikAsa ko lekara anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnI. pratyAkhyAnI evaM saMjvalana - ina cAra kaSAyoM kI sattA ke AdhAra para bhI sAdhaka ke pA~ca stara banAe jA sakate haiM - (1) anantAnubandhI kaSAya sahita AtmA - yaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA sabase nikRSTa stara hai, jisameM AtmA anantAnubandhI kaSAya se yukta hotI hai| ananta saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hone se jainAcAryoM ne mithyAtva ko 'ananta' kahA hai aura jo kaSAya ananta kI 'anubandhI' ho arthAt mithyAtva kA anusaraNa karane vAlI ho, use 'anantAnubandhI kaSAya' kahA hai|64 anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA artha hai - jIvana meM tIvra kaSAyajanya kriyA-pratikriyA calate rhnaa| isa kaSAya ke cAra bheda haiM - krodha, mAna , mAyA evaM lobha / inakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai - anantAnubandhI krodha - AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kI aruci honaa| anantAnubandhI mAna - 'maiM para kA kucha kara sakatA hU~' - aisI mAnyatA para ahaMkAra honaa| anantAnubandhI mAyA - 'apanA svAdhIna evaM zAzvat AtmasvarUpa samajha meM nahIM AtA' - aisI vakratA ke sAtha apanI samajha-zakti ko chipAkara AtmA (svayaM) ko tthgnaa| anantAnubandhI lobha - puNya-pApa ke vikArI bhAvoM se aura para-padArthoM se lAbha mAnakara apanI vikArIdazA kI vRddhi krnaa| isa bhUmikA meM sAdhaka apane zuddha svarUpa kA AsvAdana lene se vaMcita rahatA hai aura usakI adhikatama sImA zubha bhAvoM taka hI rahatI hai| yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki anantAnubandhI kaSAya jahA~ rahatI hai, vahA~ zeSa tIna kaSAya to rahatI hI haiN| (2) anantAnubandhI kaSAyarahita AtmA - isa stara para pahu~cakara sAdhaka anantAnubandhI kaSAya para vijaya prApta karake bhI apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya se parAjita hotA rahatA hai| isa apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya ke kAraNa sAdhaka alpa bhI pratyAkhyAna arthAt virati ko prApta karane meM asamartha hotA hai| isa prakAra, isa avasthA meM rahatA huA sAdhaka satya ko satyarUpa meM svIkAra to karatA hai, kintu satya kA anakaraNa kara jIvana ko saMyamita nahIM kara paataa| apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya ke bhI cAra bheda haiM - krodha mAna, mAyA aura lobha / yaha sAdhaka apane zuddha svarUpa kA anubhava to karatA hai, jisase usakA yathArtha mokSamArga prArambha ho jAtA hai, parantu apratyAkhyAnI kaSAyavaza vaha sAdhanA kI dizA meM gatizIla nahIM ho paataa| jJAtavya hai ki apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya jahA~ hotI hai, vahA~ zeSa do kaSAya to niyamapUrvaka hotI hI haiN| (3) apratyAkhyAnI kaSAyarahita AtmA - isa tRtIya stara meM sAdhaka kI apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kSaya-upazama ko prApta hotI hai, jisase sAdhaka kI anAsakti meM abhivRddhi hotI hai aura vaha AMzika saMyama (aNuvrata) ko grahaNa karatA hai, parantu pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kA sadbhAva hone se sAdhaka pUrNa saMyama jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 710 14 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #817
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (mahAvrata ) aMgIkAra nahIM kara pAtA / " isa prakAra vaha satya ko satya mAnakara bhI pUrNarUpeNa satya para jIne ke lie saMkalpita nahIM ho pAtA / pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya ke bhI cAra bheda haiM- krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha / yaha sAdhaka rAgAdibhAvoM kI mandatA se svasvarUpa kA anubhava pUrvApekSA adhika kara pAtA hai, phira bhI usameM antima do kaSAyoM kA sadabhAva banA hI rahatA hai / 68 (4) pratyAkhyAnI kaSAyarahita AtmA isa avasthA meM pahu~cakara sAdhaka Atma - sAdhanA ko vizeSa gati pradAna karatA hai| usakI pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya bhI kSaya - upazama ko prApta ho jAtI hai, jisase sAdhaka paripUrNa saMyama (mahAvrata ) aMgIkAra kara letA hai| vaha hiMsAdi pA~ca doSoM kA sarvathA parityAga kara adhika se adhika AtmasvarUpa meM ramaNatA ke lie pratibaddha ho jAtA hai| phira bhI saMjvalana kaSAya vidyamAna hone se vaha pUrNa vItarAgadazA ko prApta nahIM ho paataa| vaha kaSAya jo saMyama ke sAtha ekIkRta (sam) hokara jvalita hotI rahatI hai, saMjvalana kaSAya kahalAtI hai| saMjvalana kaSAya kI tIvratA atyalpa hotI hai aura isake bhI cAra bheda hote haiM krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha / (5) saMjvalana kaSAyarahita AtmA yaha avasthA AtmapUrNatA kI avasthA hai, jisameM sAdhaka antima saMjvalana kaSAya kA bhI kSaya kara niSkaSAyI ho jAtA hai| AtmA aba pUrNatayA AtmAnanda meM lIna ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke vikAsa krama meM sAdhaka kramazaH kaSAyoM ke eka-eka stara para vijaya pAtA huA parama sAdhyarUpa paramAtmadazA ko prApta kara letA hai / - 13.3.5 paMcama vargIkaraNa : karmanirjarA kI dasa avasthAoM ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vividha staroM ko sAdhaka kI karmanirjarA ( sakAma) kI mAtrA ke AdhAra para bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai| isI AdhAra para AcArAMganiryukti, tattvArthasUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi granthoM meM sAdhaka kI kramazaH asaMkhyaguNA nirjarA vAlI dasa avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA haiN| ye haiM samyagdRSTi, zrAvaka (dezavirati ), virata ( sarvavirati muni), anantAnubandhI- viyojaka, darzanamoha kSapaka, upazamaka (upazamazreNI meM ArUr3ha ), upazAntamoha, kSapaka ( kSapaka zreNI meM ArUr3ha), kSINamoha evaM jina / " 711 -- yaha ullekhanIya hai ki vyakti kI eka vaha dazA hotI hai, jisameM samyak sAdhanA ke abhAva meM karmanirjarA ( sakAma) hI nahIM hotI aura isIlie use vAstavika sAdhaka bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| sAtha hI, dUsarI vaha dazA hotI hai, jisameM sAdhaka kI karmanirjarA kA sadbhAva hotA hai, vahA~ bhI karmanirjarA kI mAtrA ke AdhAra para usake vividha staroM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / alpatama nirjarA vAle sAdhaka ko 'jaghanya' tathA kramazaH adhika nirjarA vAle sAdhaka ko uttarottara 'utkRSTa' zreNI meM sthAna diyA gayA hai / adhyAya 13: AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 15
Page #818
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.3.6 SaSThama vargIkaraNa : guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para vartamAna meM jaina-paramparA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA jo vargIkaraNa mukhya rUpa se pracalita hai, vaha guNasthAna siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| yaha siddhAnta AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI yAtrA meM AtmA kI kramika pragati kA jJAna karAtA hai| jisa prakAra sIr3hI-dara-sIr3hI car3hatA huA vyakti imArata kI eka maMjila se dUsarI maMjila para pahu~ca jAtA hai athavA mArga meM mIla ke pattharoM ko pIche chor3atA huA yAtrI apane gantavya taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, vaise hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caudaha sopAnoM para car3hatA huA sAdhaka mokSasAdhya para pahu~ca jAtA hai| ye caudaha sopAna hI guNasthAna siddhAnta ke pratipAdya viSaya haiN| _ 'guNasthAna' zabda guNa evaM sthAna zabda se banA hai, jisameM 'guNa' AtmA kI jJAnAdi zaktiyoM kA aura 'sthAna' unakI avasthA kA dyotaka hai| karmastavavRtti meM ise paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki AtmA ke jo jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra guNa haiM, unakI zuddha-azuddha taratamatA rUpa avasthAoM ko guNasthAna kahate haiN|' AcArya nemicandra ke anusAra, moha aura yoga ke nimitta se AtmA ke zraddhA (darzana) aura cAritra guNa kI taratamatAyukta avasthA ko guNasthAna kahate haiN| ye guNasthAna isa prakAra haiM - 1) mithyAdRSTi 8) apUrvakaraNa (nivRtti bAdara) 2) sAsAdana 9) anivRtti bAdara 3) samyamithyAdRSTi (mizra) 10) sUkSma samparAya 4) avirata samyagdRSTi 11) upazAnta-moha chadmastha vItarAga 5) dezavirata samyagdRSTi 12) kSINa-moha chadmastha vItarAga 6) pramatta-saMyata 13) sayogI kevalI 7) apramatta-saMyata 14) ayogI kevalI (1) mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna - yaha AtmA kI nikRSTatama avasthA hai| isameM zarIra ke prati ahaM-buddhi , parivAra ke prati mama-buddhi , iSTa saMyogoM ke prati sukha-buddhi evaM sAtA-sammAna ke prati upAdeya-buddhi banI rahatI hai| 14 sAtha hI jIva ko karttavya-akartavya, zreya-azreya, puNya-pApa, tattva-atattva, dharma-adharma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA nizcaya nahIM ho paataa| (2) sAsAdana guNasthAna - yaha guNasthAna krama kI apekSA se dvitIya hai, kintu isakA sparza caturtha guNasthAna se patita AtmA karatI hai| upazama samyaktva (samyagdarzana kA eka prakAra) kI dazA meM sthita AtmA meM jaba anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA udaya hotA hai, taba AtmA mithyAtvAbhimukha ho jAtI hai aura usI samaya meM sAsAdana guNasthAna kI prApti hotI hai| isakA kAla adhikatama chaha AvalikA (kAla kI sUkSma ikAI) hotA hai| (3) samyak-mithyA-dRSTi (mizra) guNasthAna - yaha samyaktva evaM mithyAtva kI mizrita avasthA 16 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 712 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #819
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai| dahI aura gur3a kI mizrita svAda jaisI yaha dazA hai| jaba na mithyAtva kA udaya hotA hai aura na anantAnubandhI kaSAya kA, kintu satya evaM asatya kI mizrita anubhUti hotI hai, usa kAla meM yaha guNasthAna hotA hai| isakI kAla-sthiti antarmuhUrta pramANa hai|" (4) avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna - yaha eka viziSTa upalabdhi vAlI avasthA hai| isameM AtmabhrAnti samApta ho jAtI hai, AtmasvarUpa kA rasAsvAdana mila jAtA hai, AtmA ko apane AdhyAtmika sAdhya evaM sAdhanAmArga kA samyak bodha ho jAtA hai| parantu indriya-viSayoM se jIva virakta nahIM ho pAtA, vaha hiMsAdi doSoM ko chor3a nahIM paataa| yadyapi vaha saMsAra ko upAdeya nahIM mAnatA, tathApi sAMsArika pravRttiyoM ko virAma nahIM de paataa| (5) dezavirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna meM AMzika rUpa se saMyama kA prArambha ho jAtA hai| AtmA cauthe guNasthAna ke pUrva taka asIma icchAoM meM jItI hai, cauthe meM icchAe~ sasIma ho jAtI haiM aura isa pA~cave guNasthAna meM icchAoM kA sImAMkana prArambha ho jAtA hai| Atmika-rasa bar3hane lagatA hai, sAdhanA meM gaharAI Ane lagatI hai tathA jIvana aNuvratamaya ho jAtA hai| (6) pramattasaMyata (sarvavirata) guNasthAna - yaha vaha guNasthAna hai, jisameM pUrNa saMyama prArambha ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka sarva sAvadya karmoM kA saMkalpapUrvaka parityAga kara mahAvrata aMgIkAra kara lete haiM aura unakI samasta pravRttiyA~ zubha bhAvoM se sampAdita hotI haiN| ve buddhipUrvaka nirvikalpa avasthA kI prApti kA prayatna karate haiN| saMyamita (muni) hone para bhI manda rAgAdi ke rUpa meM pramAda kA sevana hone se ise pramattasaMyata guNasthAna kahate haiN| (7) apramatta saMyata guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna meM saMyamita sAdhaka pramAda kA bhI tyAga kara dete haiN| unakI prakaTa rUpa se rAga kI koI sthiti nahIM rahatI, ve ekamAtra Atma-svarUpa kA Ananda lete rahate haiN| bhItara meM acetana mana meM kaSAya taraMgeM uThatI haiM aura vahIM vilIna ho jAtI haiN| isa guNasthAna kA samaya antarmuhUrta se adhika nahIM hotaa| isake pazcAt yadi pramAda (asajagatA) kA udaya hotA hai, to sAdhaka chaThe guNasthAna meM A jAte haiN| punaH doSoM kI aMtaraMga svIkRti hone para ve sAdhaka zuddhikaraNa kI prakriyA ko apanA kara sAtaveM guNasthAna meM A jAte haiM, AtmalIna ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra, kabhI pramatta to kabhI apramatta avasthA meM jhUlate rahate haiN| (8) apUrvakaraNa (nivRtti bAdara) guNasthAna - sAtaveM guNasthAna kI sthiti vizuddha hone para sAdhaka isa bhUmikA meM praveza karate haiM, jahA~ pratisamaya apUrva-apUrva pariNAma (anubhUtiyA~) Ate rahate haiM aura vizeSa-vizeSa Atma-zAnti kI sthiti banatI jAtI hai| isa bhUmikA meM pA~ca vizeSa kArya hote haiM - apUrva sthiti-ghAta, apUrva rasa-ghAta, apUrva guNazreNI nirjarA, apUrva guNasaMkramaNa evaM apUrva sthitibndh| pUrva ke guNasthAna meM jo bhUmikA nirmita huI thI, usake AdhAra para isa guNasthAna meM kaSAyoM ke upazama yA kSaya kI prakriyA prArambha hotI hai| 713 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #820
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (9) anivRtti bAdara guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna meM sabhI sAdhakoM kI samAna pariNati hotI hai| AThaveM taka pariNati meM bheda banA rahatA hai, navameM se abheda zuru hotA hai| samAna samayavartI sabhI sAdhakoM ke pariNAma samAna hote haiM aura pratisamaya anantaguNI vizuddhi ko prApta hote haiN| kaSAyoM kA upazama athavA kSaya kA krama jArI rahatA hai aura anta meM sUkSma lobha kaSAya hI zeSa rahatI hai|92 (10) sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna - jisa prakAra pharza para pAnI girakara sUkha jAtA hai, kintu eka nizAna raha jAtA hai, usI prakAra isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka ke acetana mana meM kaSAyoM ke nizAna jaisA sUkSma lobha kaSAya kA astitva rahatA hai, antataH isa sUkSma lobha kA bhI upazama yA kSaya ho jAtA hai| (11) upazAnta-moha chadmastha vItarAga guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna meM vahI sAdhaka praveza karate haiM, jinhoMne AThaveM, navameM evaM dasaveM guNasthAna meM kaSAyoM kA upazama kiyA ho| isameM sAdhaka chadmastha (asarvajJa) rahate hue bhI kucha samaya ke lie vItarAgI ke samAna bana jAte haiN| isameM antarmuhUrta kAla taka pUrNAnanda kA sevana karane ke pazcAt sAdhaka kI damita vAsanAe~ punaH ubharane lagatI haiM aura ve nIce ke guNasthAnoM meM gira jAte haiN| (12) kSINa-moha chadmastha vItarAga guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna meM vahI sAdhaka praveza karate haiM, jinhoMne AThaveM, navameM evaM dasaveM guNasthAnoM meM kaSAyoM kA kSaya kiyA ho| isameM bhI sAdhaka chadmastha (asarvajJa) rahate hue vItarAga-avasthA kA rasapAna karate haiN| (13) sayogI kevalI guNasthAna - isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka kevala-jJAna (sarvajJatA), kevala-darzana (sarvadarzitA), ananta sukha evaM ananta vIrya (bala) kI prApti kara lete haiN| vastutaH, ye sAdhaka sAdhanA ke dvArA sAdhya kI upalabdhi kara lete haiN| aba kucha karanA zeSa nahIM rahatA, phira bhI deha kA saMyoga rahane taka 'yoga' pravRttiyA~ svabhAvika rUpa se calatI rahatI haiN| (14) ayogI kevalI guNasthAna - deha se sambandha chUTane se ThIka pUrva isa guNasthAna kI prApti hotI hai| isameM mana-vacana-kAyA kI sArI ceSTAe~ zAnta hokara ayogI avasthA kI prApti hotI hai| deha se sambandha chUTate hI sAdhaka siddhAvasthA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra, guNasthAna-siddhAnta sAdhaka kI nikRSTatama avasthA se lekara sAdhya se ekAkAra ho jAne taka ke vividha sopAnoM kA kramika citraNa prastuta karatA hai| isakA ullekha Agama-sAhitya meM 'jIvasthAna ke nAma se evaM paravartI sAhitya meM 'guNasthAna ke nAma se milatA hai| =====
===== 18 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 714 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #821
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.4 AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM AI visaMgatiyA~ evaM bAdhAe~ AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA mArga sahaja--svAdhIna, nirdoSa-nirAkula, akhaNDa-avyAbAdha sukha ko dene vAlA hai, phira bhI prAyaH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki vyakti aneka prakAra kI visaMgatiyoM meM pha~sakara unase utpanna hone vAlI bAdhAoM ke kAraNa isa mArga kA samyaka lAbha nahIM uThA paataa| jainAcAra visaMgatiyoM ko mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna evaM mithyAcAritra kahA hai| kahIM-kahIM para mithyAtapa evaM mithyApurUSArtha ko mithyAcAritra se pRthak karake bhI darzAyA gayA hai| inheM samyaktayA samajhakara jIvana-prabandhaka AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM Ane vAlI visaMgatiyoM evaM bAdhAoM kA samyak prabandhana karake AdhyAtmika U~cAiyoM para pahu~ca sakatA hai| jisa prakAra kuzala vaidya roga ke kAraNoM ko vizeSa rUpa se batAtA hai, jisase rogI kupathya kA sevana na kare aura zIghra hI rogarahita ho jAe, usI prakAra jainAcAryoM ne ina mithyAbhAvoM ko vistAra se samajhAyA hai, jisase jIvana-prabandhaka inakA parihAra karake AdhyAtmika Arogya kI prApti kara ske| ye mithyAbhAva nimna haiM - 13.4.1 mithyAdarzana evaM usakA svarUpa jaisA ki pUrva meM bArambAra yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki mithyAdarzana AtmA kI sabase pramukha bAdhAoM meM se eka hai| yaha vaha dazA hai. jisameM satya kA yathArtha zraddhAna nahIM ho paataa| vasta kA svarUpa jaisA nahIM hai, vaisA mAna lenA aura jaisA hai, vaisA nahIM mAnanA, yaha viparIta abhiprAya honA hI mithyAdarzana kI pahacAna hai| jainAcAryoM ne isa dazA ko mUr3hatA, unmattatA, mUrkhatA yA pAgalapana kI saMjJA dI hai, kyoMki isa dazA meM AtmA prayojanabhUta viSayoM (Atmika-lakSya kI prApti ke lie anivArya viSayoM) ko anyathA jAnatA evaM mAnatA hai aura isase vaha apanI AtmA kA ahita hI karatA hai| ye prayojanabhUta viSaya nau haiM - jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa, lekina mithyAdRSTi AtmA ina navatattvoM ke sambandha meM viparIta abhiprAya grahaNa kara letI hai| phalasvarUpa, use sva-para kA samyak zraddhAna nahIM ho pAtA aura na hI Atma-tattva ke svarUpa kI samyak zraddhA ho pAtI hai| yahA~ taka ki yaha mithyAdRSTi AtmA navatattvoM ke upadezaka evaM Atmahita kA sanmArga batAne vAle sudeva, suguru evaM saddharma (satzAstra) para bhI samyak AsthA nahIM kara paatii| mithyAdarzana kI pramukha visaMgatiyA~ haiM - (1) jIva ko ajIva evaM ajIva ko jIva mAnanA - yadyapi deha aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna hote haiM, vaise hI jaise asi aura myAna, phira bhI mithyAdRSTi deha ko hI AtmA mAna letA hai| vastutaH, varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza evaM AkAra Adi vizeSatAe~ to daihika haiM, lekina vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM kAlA hU~, gorA hU~, bhArI hU~, halkA hU~, lambA hU~, baunA hU~ ityaadi| AtmA ajara-amara hai, lekina vaha zarIra kI utpatti-vinAza ke AdhAra para svayaM kA janma-maraNa mAnatA hai| isI prakAra AtmA jAnatI, dekhatI, socatI, samajhatI hai, lekina vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki ye sabhI zarIra (snAyu taMtra) kI kriyAe~ haiN| vaha kevala deha se hI sambandha nahIM jor3atA, apitu putra-putrI, strI, dhana-dhAnya, hAthI-ghor3e, adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 19 715 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #822
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ naukara-cAkara Adi para - dravyoM se bhI apanA AtmIya sambandha mAna letA hai aura isa prakAra 'ye mere haiM, maiM inakA hU~, maiM inakA svAmI hU~, maiM inakA adhikArI hU~, maiM inake sukha - duHkha kA karttA evaM bhoktA hU~' Adi sambandhoM kA mithyA AropaNa karatA rahatA hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se to AtmA kA para se lezamAtra bhI sambandha nahIM hai, phira bhI mithyAdarzana ke kAraNa sambandhoM kI bhramapUrNa sthiti nirmita ho jAtI hai| 89 (2) puNya-pApa ke svarUpa ke prati mithyAbhAva honA zubha bhAvoM se puNya evaM azubha bhAvoM se pApa bandha hotA hai|" yadyapi azubha kI apekSA zubha bhAva kisI dRSTi se zreyaskara va ekadeza upAdeya (kiMcit grahaNa karane yogya) haiM, tathApi tIvra anantAnubandhI kaSAya hone se jIva azubha bhAvoM ko bhI upAdeya mAna letA hai, jaise - krodha karane para saba anuzAsita rahate haiM, jhUTha bolane se lokapriya banA jA sakatA hai ityAdi / dUsare prakAra kA mithyAtvI thor3A mandakaSAyI hotA hai, kintu vaha puNya ko hI sampUrNatayA upAdeya mAnane kI bhUla kara baiThatA hai / vaha puNya ko hI mukti kA mArga mAna letA hai T vastutaH, AtmajJAnI sAdhaka pApa ko heya (tyAga karane yogya) aura puNya ko pApa kI apekSA se ekadeza upAdeya mAnatA huA bhI saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSa kI apekSA se donoM ko heya hI mAnatA hai| 1 92 (3) Asrava - saMvara ke svarUpa ke prati mithyAbhAva honA zubhAzubha bhAvoM kA utpanna honA Asrava hai aura unakA nirodha saMvara hai| 2 mithyAtva dazA meM jIva zubha bhAva meM hI saMvara kI kalpanA kara letA hai| ataH usake japa-tapa, svAdhyAya, pratikramaNa, sAmAyika Adi anuSThAna kevala zubha bhAvoM ke lakSya se hI hote haiN| vastutaH zubhAzubha bhAva donoM hI AkulatA rUpa haiM, karmabandhana ke kAraNa haiM aura kramazaH sone aura lohe kI ber3I ke samAna haiM, jabaki saMvara sukha rUpa hai, mukti kA sAdhana hai / - (4) bandha - nirjarA ke svarUpa ke prati mithyAbhAva honA tattvArthasUtra meM 'tapasA nirjarA ca' sUtra nirdiSTa hai, jisakA artha hai tapa se nirjarA (aMzataH Atma-zuddhi evaM karma - kSaya) hotI hai, isa siddhAnta kA bhI mithyAtvI jIva galata prayoga karatA hai| vaha ajJAnapUrvaka evaM phalAsakti se tapa karatA hai, jo nirjarA kA nahIM, apitu bandha kA hI kAraNa banatA hai| zubha bhAvoM se yukta tapa to puNyabandha kA kAraNa banatA hai, kintu mAna-sammAna, yaza-kIrtti, pratisparddhA, gatyAnugatikatA ( dekhA-dekhI) Adi azubha bhAvoM se yukta tapa bhI pApa bandha kA kAraNa hotA hai, jise mithyAtvI jIva dharma (nirjarA) hI mAnatA rahatA hai| 20 -- (5) saMsAra - mokSa ke svarUpa ke prati mithyAbhAva honA tIvra mithyAdRSTi jIva mokSa ke astitva ko hI nahIM svIkAratA / vaha saMsAra meM hI sukha-duHkha kI kalpanA karatA rahatA hai / manda mithyAdRSTi jIva mokSa-sukha aura svarga-sukha meM bheda nahIM kara paataa| use svarga se bhinna mokSa ke sahaja, svataMtra, paripUrNa, ananta Atmika sukha kI aMtaraMga se svIkRti hI nahIM hotI / isa prakAra, mithyAdarzana ke kAraNa jIva nau tattvoM kA ayathArtha zraddhAna karatA hai aura isase usakI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA samyak dizA meM agrasara nahIM ho paatii| jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only - 716
Page #823
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (6) mUr3hatA mithyAtvI jIva tIna prakAra kI mUr3hatAoM se grasta hotA hai - devamUr3hatA, lokamUr3hatA evaM smymuuddh'taa| devamUr3hatA ke vazIbhUta hokara vaha vItarAga sarvajJa devoM ko chor3akara mithyAdRSTi devI-devatAoM kI ArAdhanA karatA hai aura unase lokakhyAti, rUpa - lAvaNya, saubhAgya, putra, strI Adi sampadAe~ prApta hone kI kAmanA karatA hai| lokamUr3hatA ke vaza vaha nadI snAna, prAtaH kAlIna snAna, vRkSapUjA, agnipUjA, bhUmipUjA Adi ko dharmakRtya mAnatA hai| samaya (zAstra) mUr3ha hokara vaha jyotiSavidyA, maMtravidyA Adi zAstroM ke anusAra kArya karatA hai| isa prakAra, vaha mithyAtva ko aura adhika pragAr3ha karatA jAtA hai| 94 13.4.2 mithyAjJAna evaM usakA svarUpa mithyAdarzana kA sahacArI jJAna mithyAjJAna kahalAtA hai| prayojanabhUta jIvAdi tattvoM ko ayathArtha jAnanA hI mithyAjJAna hai| mithyAjJAnI bhale hI loka meM buddhimAn kyoM na kahalAe, lekina use vastu ke samyak svarUpa kA anubhava nahIM hotA, isIlie vaha sva-para kA samyak bheda nahIM kara pAtA aura na hI use AtmA kI saccI anubhUti ho pAtI hai| usake jJAna meM tIna prakAra ke doSa hote haiM saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya / 'maiM AtmA hU~ ki zarIra hU~' aisA paraspara viruddhatApUrvaka dvandvAtmaka jJAna 'saMzaya' hai| 'maiM zarIra hI hU~' aisA vastusvarUpa se viparIta jJAna 'viparyaya' hai| 'maiM koI bhI hU~, mujhe kyA' aisA nirdhAraNarahita jJAna 'anadhyavasAya' hai| isa prakAra prayojanabhUta jIvAdi tattvoM meM saMzayAdi se yukta jJAna hI mithyAjJAna kahalAtA hai|" isakI pramukha visaMgatiyA~ isa prakAra haiM - (1 ) nizcaya - vyavahAra naya sambandhI ayathArtha jJAna honA jainadarzana anekAntamUlaka hai| yahA~ naya siddhAnta kA Azraya lekara vividha dRSTikoNoM se vastu ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| naya kA artha hai dekhane kA dRSTikoNa yA najariyA ( Viewpoint ) / AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM nizcaya evaM vyavahAra ina do nayoM kA prayoga hotA hai / nizcaya - naya mUlabhUta satya kA prakAzaka hai, jaisI vastu hai, usI rUpa meM vastu kA pratipAdana karatA hai / vyavahAra - naya mUlabhUta satya taka pahu~cAne ke lie eka sAdhana kA kArya karatA hai, vaha nimittAdi ke sAtha milAkara mUlavastu kA kathana karatA hai, jaise 'miTTI kA ghar3A' kahanA nizcaya kathana hai, jabaki jisameM ghI rakhA jAtA hai, use 'ghI kA ghar3A' kahanA vyavahAra kathana hai| 6 96 mithyAjJAnI kI naya-sambandhI tIna prakAra kI bhUleM hotI haiN| pahalI bhUla yaha hotI hai ki vaha donoM ko hI yathArtha yA satya mAna letA hai, aise mithyAjJAnI ko ubhayAbhAsI kahate haiM / vastutaH, nizcaya hI satya hai, vyavahAra to satya kA upacAramAtra hai| dUsarI bhUla yaha hotI hai ki vaha vyavahAra naya kI upekSA karake nizcaya naya ko hI ekAntataH Avazyaka mAna letA hai, aise mithyAjJAnI ko nizcayAbhAsI athavA zuSkajJAnI kahate haiN| yaha zuSkajJAnI bandha - mokSa ko kevala kalpanA mAnakara svayaM ko sarvathA siddha-buddha hI mAna letA hai aura mohAdhIna hokara jItA rahatA hai| vastutaH, vyavahAra naya satya na hote hue bhI sAdhya - prApti ke pUrva taka Avazyaka hai, kyoMki yaha nizcaya (sAdhya) taka pahu~cane kA sAdhana hai| adhyAya 13: AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 21 717 - For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #824
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tIsarI bhUla yaha hotI hai ki mithyAjJAnI nizcaya kA lopakara vyavahAra ko hI saba kucha mAna letA hai, use vyavahArAbhAsI yA kriyAjar3a kahate haiN| aise jIva bAhya kriyAoM meM hI dharma mAnate haiM, unake bhItara jJAna kA rasa nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra, naya kA samyak bodha na ho pAne se mithyAjJAnI athaka parizrama karatA huA bhI AdhyAtmika-vikAsa nahIM kara paataa| vAstava meM, AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke mArga meM nizcaya evaM vyavahAra ke bIca aisI vyavasthA hai ki kisI eka ko mukhya karake dUsare ko gauNa to kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu kisI bhI sthiti meM usakA lopa (niSedha) nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| (2) vastu ke svarUpa kA samyaka nirdhAraNa nahIM kara pAnA - mithyAjJAnI ke jJAna meM vastu-svarUpa sambandhI tIna prakAra kI bhUleM hotI haiM - kAraNa-viparItatA, svarUpa-viparItatA evaM bhedaabhed-vipriittaa| ina bhUloM se usakA jIvana-vyavahAra anupayukta bana jAtA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM aise jIva ko pAgala (unmatta) kI upamA dI gaI hai, jo vAstavika aura avAstavika (sat aura asat) kA bheda karane meM asamartha hotA hai aura isIlie nahIM karane yogya kAryoM meM bhI raca-paca jAtA hai|98 kAraNa-viparItatA - mUla kAraNa ko nahIM pahacAnanA evaM akAraNa ko kAraNa mAnanA, jaise - duHkhI svayaM se honA aura Aropa dUsaroM/paristhiti para lgaanaa| svarUpa-viparItatA - vastu ke mUlasvarUpa ko nahIM pahacAnanA aura anyathA mAnanA, jaise - AtmA kA mUla svarUpa jJAtA-dRSTA rahanA hai, kintu use kartA-bhoktA maannaa| bhedAbheda-viparItatA - do bhinna vastuoM ko abhinna evaM abhinna vastuoM ko paraspara bhinna mAnanA, jaise - bAhya vastuoM evaM zarIra se AtmA trikAla bhinna hai aura apane jJAnAdi guNoM se trikAla abhinna hai, kintu isakA ulTA mAna lenaa| isa prakAra, mithyAjJAnI ina viparItatAoM se grasta hokara vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kI anubhUti se vaMcita rahatA hai aura vaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM Age nahIM bar3ha paataa| 13.4.3 mithyAcAritra evaM usakA svarUpa AtmasvabhAva se vimukha hokara para-sammukha honA tathA kaSAyayukta pravRttiyA~ karanA hI mithyAcAritra hai| yahA~ yaha samajhanA hogA ki AtmA kA svabhAva to jJAtA-dRSTApanA hI hai, parantu jaba padArthoM ko dekhakara yA jAnakara AtmA unameM iSTa-aniSTa kI mithyA kalpanA karane lagatI hai, to rAga-dveSa kI utpatti hotI hai aura isI kA nAma mithyAcAritra hai| mUla meM paristhiti yA padArtha na to acche hote haiM aura na hI bure, parantu inase jur3akara vyakti iSTa-aniSTa kI kalpanA kara svayaM rAga-dveSa rUpa doSoM ko utpanna kara letA hai| 100 ye rAga-dveSa hI vistAra pAkara krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, purUSaveda evaM napuMsakaveda ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiN|101 ina kaSAyoM kI mAtrA evaM tIvratA jitanI adhika hotI hai, utanI hI AtmA svasvabhAva se vimukha hotI jAtI hai| 22 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 718 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #825
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isase hI vyakti kA vyavahAra bhI hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya evaM parigraha - ina pA~coM pApoM se yukta ho jAtA hai| ise hI asaMyama bhI kahate haiN| mithyAcAritra sambandhI pramukha visaMgatiyA~ isa prakAra haiM - (1) AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke lie ucita pAtratA na honA - varttamAnayuga bhautikavAda kA yuga hai, jisameM bhoga-vilAsa ke sAdhanoM ke prati vizeSa AkarSaNa hai| isameM artha evaM bhoga sambandhI purUSArtha jitanA-jitanA bar3hA hai, utanA-utanA dharma evaM mokSa purUSArtha kA hrAsa bhI huA hai| isase vyakti meM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hetu yogya pAtratA kA bhI abhAva ho rahA hai| zrImadrAjacandra ne aise jIvoM kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batAyA hai102 - kALadoSa kaLithI thayo, nahi mryaadaadhrm| toya nahIM vyAkuLatA, juo prabhu mujakarma / / (2) matArthatA honA, AtmArthatA na honA - mata jisakA lakSya hai, vaha jIva matArthI evaM AtmA jisakA lakSya hai, vaha jIva AtmArthI hotA hai| vartamAna yuga meM sAdhaka kI matArthatA (matAgrahIpanA) bar3hatI jA rahI hai aura AtmArthatA (AtmalakSIpanA) ghaTatI jA rahI hai| mithyAcAritra kI tIvratA hone se pahalI bhUla yaha hotI hai ki sAdhaka gaccha, mata, pantha, paramparA, kula, jAti ke prati mohAndha ho jAtA hai, jise dRSTi-rAga bhI kahA jAtA hai| dUsarI bhUla yaha hotI hai ki vaha bAhya tyAga ke AdhAra para hI kisI ko bhI guru mAna letA hai| tIsarI bhUla, paramAtmA ko bhI kevala daihika lakSaNoM athavA samavazaraNa Adi siddhiyoM ke AdhAra para samajhatA hai, na ki unake aMtaraMga svarUpa ke AdhAra pr| cauthI bhUla , AtmajJAna ke upadezaka sadguru kA pratyakSa yoga milane para bhI unase dUrI banA letA hai| pA~cavI bhUla, asadguru kA sAnnidhya milane para unake nikaTa jAkara unake prati vizeSa niSThA utpanna karatA hai, kyoMki vahA~ usake mAna kI puSTi hotI hai, ityaadi|103 isa prakAra, matArthI jIva pakSapAtabuddhi hone ke kAraNa vivekapUrvaka nirNaya nahIM le pAtA, AtmArthIpane kA abhAva hone se vaha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se vaMcita raha jAtA hai| nahi kaSAya upazAntatA, nahi antara vairaagy| saraLa paNuM na madhyasthatA, e matArthI durbhAgya / / / (3) sadguru ke prati samyak bhakti kA abhAva honA - sadguru kA sAnnidhya milane para unake prati jo samarpaNa honA cAhie, vaha bhI mithyAcAritra ke kAraNa nahIM ho paataa| mAna-kaSAyavazAt unake samakSa apane doSoM kI svIkRti bhI nahIM ho paatii| zrImadrAjacandra ne 'sadgurubhaktirahasya' nAmaka kAvya meM bhakti ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai| vastutaH, sAMsArika-kAmanAoM ko chor3akara ekamAtra Atmika-vikAsa ke lakSya se kI jAne vAlI bhakti hI AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kA sAdhana bana sakatI hai|104 719 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 23 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #826
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (4) tapa-tyAga kA samyak santulana na honA - mithyAcAritra ke vazIbhUta hokara tapa-tyAga kA viveka nahIM rhtaa| koI bhoga-lAlasA se bAdhya hokara tapa-tyAga ko hI nakAra detA hai aura sAdhana (mandakaSAya evaM nivRtti) ke abhAva meM AtmajJAna se vaMcita raha jAtA hai, to koI tapa-tyAga meM hI aTaka kara AtmajJAna ke lakSya ko prApta nahIM kara paataa| kaI loga sAdhAraNa se tapa-tyAga ko grahaNa karane meM bhI katarAte haiM aura kaI bar3I-bar3I pratijJA dhAraNa karake jaise-taise duHkhI hokara use pUrNa karate haiN| kucha loga pApa se dhanArjana bhI karate rahate haiM aura bar3e-bar3e dAna bhI dete rahate haiM, jabaki kucha loga Arambha-samArambha kA tyAga karake yAcanA Adi karate hue dekhe jAte haiM ityaadi| isa prakAra kisI eka dhArmikapakSa ko mukhyatA dekara anya pakSoM kI upekSA karate haiM, isase asantulana utpanna hotA hai aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA samyak vikAsa nahIM ho paataa| tyAga-virAga na cittamAM, thAya na tene jnyaan| aTake tyAga-virAgamAM, to bhUle nijabhAna / / 105 (5) vrata-sambandhI ayathArtha AcaraNa - jainadarzana meM unhIM vrata-vairAgyAdi ko samyak kahA gayA hai, jo AtmajJAna ke sAtha athavA usake hetu se grahaNa kie jAte haiM, kintu mithyAcAritra vAlA jIva lakSyavihIna hokara bhI inheM svIkAra kara letA hai| vaha na kisI mAna-sammAna kI prApti ke lie aura na hI kisI vizeSa lobha kI pUrti ke lie, apitu inheM dharma jAnakara arthAt mokSa kA sAdhana mAnakara aNuvrata aura mahAvrata kA pAlana karatA hai| pariNAmataH mokSa to prApta nahIM karatA, kevala svargAdika ko hI sAdhatA hai| jaise koI mizrI ko amRta jAnakara khA bhI le, to bhI vaha amara nahIM ho sakatA, vaise hI sAdhaka ko apanI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu sAdhana ke AdhAra para phala milatA hai| (6) yoga-sAdhanA kA ayathArtha anukaraNa - mithyAcAritra kA eka anya rUpa haTha-sAdhanA ke rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai| vyakti samyagjJAna ke Aloka ke binA hI svacchanda hokara bar3I-bar3I haTha sAdhanAe~ karane lagatA hai, jaise - prANAyAma, Asana-sAdhanA, mauna sAdhanA, akhaNDa japa, zAstra-raTana, paMcAgnitapa, ugratapa, vanavAsa, ugra-abhigraha Adi vastutaH, AdhyAtmika sAdhanA sahajatA ke sAtha Age bar3hane kI sAdhanA hai, na ki haTha ke AdhAra pr| haTha sAdhanA kaI bAra tIvra uttejanA, roSa, krodha, zrApa Adi kA rUpa bhI dhAraNa kara letI hai| isa sandarbha meM amRtacandrAcArya , 106 santaAnandaghanajI, 107 santacidAnandajI,108 zrImaddevacandrajI,109 zrImadrAjacandra ,110 sahajAnandaghanajI11 Adi kI racanAe~ isI tathya kI abhivyakti hai| isa prakAra, mithyAcAritra ke vazIbhUta hokara kI jAne vAlI AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA bhI nAmamAtra kI sAdhanA bana jAtI hai, usase vAstavika AdhyAtmika vikAsa nahIM ho paataa| sAra rUpa meM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI ina tInoM visaMgatiyoM ko hamane jaanaa| yahA~ yaha samajhanA hogA ki mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna evaM mithyAcAritra - tInoM paraspara bhinna dikhate hue bhI abhinna hI haiN| 24 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 720 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #827
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jo pravRtti mithyAjJAna kI hetu hotI hai, vahI kahIM na kahIM mithyAdarzana evaM mithyAcAritra kI poSaka bhI hotI hai, isI prakAra mithyAdarzana aura mithyAcAritra kI pravRttiyoM ko bhI jAnanA caahie| ataH yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki vyakti ina tInoM visaMgatiyoM kA tyAga kare aura samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kA upAya kara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke mArga meM agrasara ho| =====< ===== 721 adhyAya 13: AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 25 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #828
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.5 jainadharma aura AcArazAstra ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika - jIvana - 3 - prabandhana prastuta adhyAya meM sarvaprathama AdhyAtmika - vikAsa kA sAmAnya svarUpa batAyA gyaa| usake pazcAt AdhyAtmika - vikAsa ke Avazyaka ghaTaka sAdhaka sAdhana aura sAdhya ke svarUpa evaM inakI pArasparika ekarUpatA ko spaSTa kiyA gyaa| phira AdhyAtmika sAdhakoM evaM unakI sAdhanA ke vibhinna staroM kI carcA kI gii| tatpazcAt AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM avarodha utpanna karane vAle mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna evaM mithyAcAritra ke svarUpa kI carcA kI gii| aba, AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sahAyaka samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke yathArtha svarUpa kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| sAtha hI, ina tInoM ke saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika pakSoM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA jA rahA hai| 13.5.1 AdhyAtmika - jIvana - prabandhana kA saiddhAntika -pakSa jisa prakAra, pUrva adhyAyoM meM saiddhAntika - pakSa (Theoretical Aspect ) ke pazcAt prAyogika -pakSa (Practical Aspect) ko samajhAyA gayA hai, usI prakAra se prastuta adhyAya meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| saiddhAntika pakSa ke antargata AdhyAtmika - prabandhana kyA hai, isakI AvazyakatA kyoM hai aura isake lakSya ko kaise prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ityAdi praznoM kA saiddhAntika samAdhAna kiyA gayA I (1) AdhyAtmika - vikAsa - prabandhana kI mUla avadhAraNA AdhyAtmika-vikAsa- prabandhana vaha prakriyA hai, jisake dvArA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lakSya kI prApti kI jA ske| cU~ki AdhyAtmika - jIvana kA mukhya lakSya mokSa hai, ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana vastutaH mokSamArga kA prabandhana hai| yaha dharma, artha aura kAma se Upara uThakara mokSa-prApti kI prakriyA hai| mokSa prApti ke lie mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna evaM mithyAcAritra bAdhaka kAraNa haiM, ye tInoM mokSamArga nahIM, saMsAra - paribhramaNa ke mArga haiM, ataH sAdhanA ke dvArA ina tInoM bAdhaka kAraNoM se mukta hone kI prakriyA ko bhI AdhyAtmika - vikAsa - prabandhana kahA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra ko mokSa - prApti kA sAdhaka kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki ye tInoM ratnatraya haiM aura inakI pUrNatA hI mokSa hai, ataH yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina tInoM kI prApti kI prakriyA AdhyAtmika - vikAsa - prabandhana hai| eka anya dRSTikoNa se yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA ke dvArA AtmA meM AtmA ko sthita karane evaM parabhAvoM se AtmA ko mukta karane kI prakriyA kA nAma AdhyAtmika vikAsa - prabandhana hai| eka aura dRSTikoNa se mokSa Atmika tanAva evaM kSobha se mukti hai, ataH jisake dvArA vyakti aura samAja tanAvoM se mukta baneM, vahI AdhyAtmika-vikAsa- prabandhana hai / 112 kahA jAtA hai 'prayojanaM vinA mando'pi na pravarttate' arthAt uddezya ke binA mandabuddhi bhI kArya meM pravRtta nahIM hotA / ataH yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki mokSa ke svarUpa ko samajhate hue sarvaprathama yaha jAnA jAe ki vaha anya puruSArthoM se zreSTha kyoM hai? tabhI koI sAdhaka AdhyAtmika - vikAsa ko apanA jIvana-lakSya banAkara usake samyak prabandhana kI dizA meM agrasara ho jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 722 26 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #829
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sakatA hai| (2) mokSa kA svarUpa mokSa kA zAbdika artha hai - 'mukti' aura isI AdhAra para, tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra, AtmA kI sampUrNa karmoM se mukti mokSa hai| 113 niyamasAra meM kahA gayA hai - 'sukha-duHkha, pIr3A-bAdhA evaM janma-maraNa se chuTakArA mokSa (nirvANa) hai| 114 anyatra yaha bhI kahA gayA hai - 'indriya-viSayoM kI icchA aura upasarga, moha aura vismaya, nidrA, bhUkha aura pyAsa kA abhAva ho jAnA mokSa hai| 115 uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra - 'jise maharSi prApta karate haiM, vaha sthAna mokSa hai, jo abAdha, siddhi , lokAgra , kSema (maMgala), ziva (kalyANa) aura anAbAdha Adi nAmoM se prasiddha hai|'110 inase spaSTa hai ki mokSa eka sthAna bhI hai aura sthiti (AtmAvasthA) bhii| sthAna ke rUpa meM yaha loka kA agra (uccatama) bhAga hai aura sthiti kI apekSA se yaha AtmA kI sarvavibhAvoM - krodhAdi pariNAmoM, sarvakarmoM, dehAdi bAhya saMyogoM, sarvaduHkhoM se mukta hone kI avasthA hai| saMkSepa meM, 'mo' kA artha hai, 'moha' evaM 'kSa' kA artha hai 'kSaya', ataH moha yAni bhrama, kalpanA, avAstavikatA kA kSaya (nAza) ho jAnA mokSa hai| mokSa kA artha kevala niSedhAtmaka (nAstirUpa) hI nahIM hai| yaha mAnanA bhUla hogI ki mokSa zUnyAvasthA hai, kyoMki mokSa kA apanA vidheyAtmaka (astirUpa) vaiziSTya bhI hai| AptamImAMsAvRtti ke anusAra - 'svAtmA kI upalabdhi mokSa hai'|" jJAnArNava ke anusAra - 'jo saMsAra kA pratipakSI hai, vaha mokSa hai| jo cidAnandamayI sarvocca (paripUrNa) dazA hai, vaha mokSa hai| jo atIndriya, anupama, avicchinna, svAbhAvika , viSayAtIta, pAramArthika sukha rUpa hai, vaha mokSa hai| 118 tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - mokSa vaha avasthA hai, jisameM AtmA kSAyikajJAna (kevalajJAna), kSAyikadarzana (kevaladarzana), kSAyikasamyaktva, kSAyikacAritra (vItarAgatA), kSAyikadAna, kSAyikalAbha , kSAyikabhoga , kSAyikaupabhoga evaM kSAyikavIryAdi se paripUrNa ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra mokSa AtmA kI pUrNa zuddha , svataMtra evaM svAbhAvika avasthA hai| (3) mokSa meM hI parama sukha yaha bArambAra kahA jAtA hai ki mokSa kA sukha eka viziSTa sukha hai, viSaya sukha isake samakSa tuccha hai| ataH yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uTha sakatA hai ki mokSa kA sukha zreSTha hai, to kyoM hai? jainadarzana mUlataH AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA hai, isameM dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa purUSArthoM kA gaharAI se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi cAroM purUSArthoM kA uddezya duHkha se mukti evaM sukha kI prApti hI hai, phira bhI ekamAtra mokSa hI aisA purUSArtha hai, jo apane uddezya kI samyaka pUrti karatA hai| prazamarati prakaraNa meM kahA gayA hai - kAma purUSArtha duHkha kA hetu hone se duHkha rUpa hai, artha purUSArtha upArjana, rakSaNa evaM vinAza ke prasaMgoM meM duHkha kA kAraNa banatA hai aura dharma (puNyAnubandhI) kA phala artha evaM kAma hone se vaha bhI duHkha hetu hI hai, ataH sarvathA avinAzI aura sukha-svarUpa hone ke kAraNa mokSa hI parama purUSArtha hai| 120 723 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #830
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ eka bhinna dRSTikoNa se bhI isa tathya ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| yadi hama duHkha kA manovaijJAnika kAraNa khojeM, to vaha icchA, tRSNA evaM AkAMkSA hI hai| jaise hI bAhya padArthoM ko jAnakara AtmA meM unake prati iSTa-aniSTa buddhi utpanna hotI hai, vaise hI icchAoM kA janma hotA hai aura AtmA meM duHkha kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai| ataH duHkha kA icchAoM se sIdhA sambandha hai| duHkha se mukti ke lie vyakti cAroM purUSArthoM meM se kisI na kisI purUSArtha kA Azraya letA hai| ina purUSArthoM kI dizAoM meM mUlabhUta antara hai| artha evaM kAma icchAjanya duHkhoM se chuTakArA dilAne ke lie icchApUrti kA prayatna karate haiN| dharma icchAoM ko parivartita (sAtvika) karane kA prayatna karatA hai| kintu ina tInoM purUSArthoM se icchAe~ sadA ke lie samApta nahIM ho pAtI, ataH mokSa-purUSArtha icchApUrti ke bajAya icchAoM se mukti kA prayatna karatA hai| isake pIche siddhAnta yaha hai ki jitanI-jitanI icchAe~ miTatI jAtI haiM. utanI-utanI duHkhoM se mukti bhI milatI jAtI hai, antataH pUrNa icchArahita avasthA Ane para paramasukha kI avasthA prApta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra viSaya-sukha, sukha kA kevala bAhya upacAra karatA hai, jabaki mokSasukha duHkha ke kAraNoM ko mUla se haTAkara sthAyI sukha kI prApti karAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mokSa sukha ko hI jainadarzana meM paramasukha kahA jAtA hai| nimna tAlikA ke mAdhyama se viSaya-sukha kI tulanA meM mokSa-sukha meM nihita guNoM ko spaSTa kiyA jA rahA hai|21 -- viSaya-sukha ke doSa mokSa-sukha ke guNa 1) yaha pratisamaya kSINa hotA hai aura antataH samApta ho jAtA hai| yaha akSaya hotA hai aura sadAkAla banA rahatA kra. hai| 2) yaha anta meM nIrasa ho jAtA hai| isakI sarasatA sadaiva banI rahatI hai| 3) yaha Aropita sukha hotA hai| yaha vAstavika hotA hai| 4) yaha parAdhIna sukha hai| yaha svAdhIna sukha hai| yaha AtmA ko vikArI banAtA hai| yaha nirvikArI banAtA hai| 6) yaha jar3atA lAtA hai| yaha jJAnamaya banAtA hai| yaha zramasAdhya hai| yaha sahaja hai| 8) yaha sImita hotA hai| yaha asIma hotA hai| isake Adi aura anta meM duHkha hI duHkha hai aura madhya meM kSaNika isake Adi, madhya evaM anta meM sukha hI sukha sukhAbhAsa hai| hai| 10) yaha bAdhA (antarAya) se yukta hotA hai| yaha sadA nirAbAdha hotA hai| 11) isake bhoga se zakti kA kSaya hotA hai| isase zakti kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| 12) yaha pUrvakRta puNya para nirbhara hotA hai| yaha kevala Atmanirbhara hotA hai| 13) yaha sukha nijasvarUpa kA bhAna bhulAtA hai| yaha nijasvarUpa kA smaraNa karAtA hai| 14) yaha AkulatA yukta hotA hai| yaha nirAkula hotA hai| 15) yaha bhaya aura zoka ko janma detA hai| yaha abhaya aura azoka banAtA hai| 28 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 724 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #831
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ viSaya-sukha ke doSa mokSa-sukha ke guNa 16) yaha pApa karmoM kA bandha karane vAlA hai| yaha saba karmoM kA kSaya karane vAlA hai| 17) yaha tana, mana evaM AtmA ko rogI banAne vAlA hai| yaha sabhI ko Arogya evaM svasthatA pradAna karane vAlA hai| 18) yaha hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya evaM parigraha ke doSoM ko yaha sabhI doSoM se mukti dilAne vAlA hai| bar3hAne vAlA hai| 19) yaha deza, kAla, paristhiti evaM vyakti kI ruci ke sApekSa hai| yaha paradravyoM evaM parabhAvoM se nirapekSa hai| 20) yaha vyakti, samAja aura rASTra ko dUSita karatA hai| yaha niSkalaMka aura nirdoSa hotA hai| 21) yaha paryAyadRSTi se hotA hai| yaha dravyadRSTi se milatA hai| 22) yaha rAga-dveSa pUrvaka hotA hai| yaha virAgatA aura vItarAgatA ke sAtha hotA 23) yaha sadaiva apUrNa hotA hai| 24) yaha durgatiyoM meM bhaTakAtA hai| yaha sadaiva paripUrNa hotA hai| yaha paramagati meM le jAtA hai| isa prakAra, mokSa-sukha evaM viSaya-sukha kA saMkSepa meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gyaa| niSkarSa yaha hai ki viSayasukha aneka prakAra ke doSoM se yukta hotA hai aura isIlie mokSasukha hI sarvathA AtmahitakArI hai| ataH jIvana-prabandhaka ko mokSa prApti kA vizeSa prayatna karanA caahie| (4) mokSa kA mArga mokSa prApti ke lie mokSa kA samyak mArga jAnanA atyAvazyaka hai| vastutaH, AtmA saccidAnandamaya, sva-para prakAzaka, ajara-amara-avinAzI, dehAdi saMyogoM se rahita, jJAnAdi anantaguNoM kA piNDa, zuddha svarUpa hai| isa zuddha-svarUpa kA Azraya lekara utpanna hone vAlI jJAtA-dRSTA yA sAkSI bhAva kI pravRtti hI mokSa-prApti kA mUla mArga hai|122 isa mokSamArga meM bAdhA rUpa AtmA ke hI rAga-dveSa aura ajJAna haiM, inase nivRtta hokara hI mokSamArga meM Age bar3hA jA sakatA hai|123 ina bAdhAoM ko hI sarvasAmAnya rUpa se 'moha' kahA jAtA hai| moha kA tAtparya kevala rAga, prIti, sneha se nahIM hai| moha ke antargata to AtmA ke sabhI vikArI pariNAmoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| moha kA eka artha bhrama yA kalpanA bhI mAnA gayA hai aura isa dRSTi se AtmA ke sabhI bhramita pariNAma moha haiN| isa AdhAra para mokSamArga aura kucha nahIM, basa! moha se nivRtta hone kI prakriyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, bhramapUrNa pariNAmoM se chUTakara vAstavikatA meM jIne kI dizA meM pravRtta honA hI mokSamArga hai| mokSamArga ko aura gaharAI se samajhAne ke lie jainAcAryoM ne moha ke do mukhya bheda batAe haiM - darzanamoha aura caaritrmoh| (ka) darzanamoha - yaha AtmA ke dRSTikoNa ko bhramita banAtA hai, isake sadbhAva meM AtmA ko 725 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 29 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #832
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mokSamArga kI saccI AsthA hI nahIM hotii| dUsare zabdoM meM, apane AtmasvarUpa kA saccA zraddhAna hI nahIM ho paataa| yaha mokSamArga kI prathama granthi hai, jisakA chedana kie binA jIva kA mokSamArga prArambha hI nahIM hotaa| (kha) cAritramoha - yaha AtmA ko samyak AcaraNa karane se bhramita karatA hai| isake prabhAva se AtmA zubhAzubha bhAvoM se Upara uThakara zuddha bhAvoM arthAt jJAtA-dRSTAbhAva ko prApta nahIM ho paatii| isI kAraNa rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAyoM kA kSaya nahIM ho pAtA aura sahaja svAbhAvika vItarAgadazA prakaTa nahIM ho paatii| ina darzanamoha evaM cAritramoha se mukti kA upAya karanA hI mokSamArga hai| darzanamoha se mukti kA artha hai - Atmabodha kI prApti karanA evaM cAritramoha se mukti kA abhiprAya hai - vItarAgatA kI prApti krnaa| 124 ina donoM meM bhI pahale darzanamoha aura phira cAritramoha kI nivRtti se hI samyak mokSamArga banatA hai| ataH pahale Atmabodha kI prApti tathA bAda meM kaSAyamukti yA vItarAgatA kA prayatna AdhyAtmika jIvana-prabandhana kI sahI dizA hai| ina darzanamoha evaM cAritramoha para vijaya prApta karane ke lie jainAcAryoM ne trividha sAdhanA-mArga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| isake tIna aMga haiM - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura smykcaaritr| ina tInoM kI ekatA se hI mokSamArga kA nirmANa hotA hai|125 inameM se eka bhI na ho, to mokSa kA upAya asambhava hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra, darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA aura jJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa samyak nahIM hotA aura samyak AcaraNa ke abhAva meM mukti bhI nahIM hotii|12 ___ aba, yaha Avazyaka hogA ki hama samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTatayA smjheN| (5) samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kA svarUpa samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra ko 'ratnatraya' kahA gayA hai aura ise jainAcAryoM ne bhinna-bhinna nayoM (dRSTikoNoM) se samajhAyA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM17 - samyagdarzana samyagjJAna samyakcAritra vyavahAra navatattvoM (padArtha) kA samyak navatattvoM (padArtha) kA samyak azubha se nivRtti, zubha meM pravRtti zraddhAna bodha nizcaya paradravyoM se bhinna AtmA kA samyaka paradravyoM se bhinna AtmA kA zubha-azubha se nivRtti, zuddha meM naya zraddhAna (Atma-zraddhAna) samyak bodha (Atma-jJAna) pravRtti (Atma-sthiratA) naya (ka) samyagdarzana jaisA ki pUrva meM batAyA gayA hai ki samyagdarzana AtmA ke 'darzana' (zraddhA) nAmaka guNa kI svabhAva paryAya hai| darzana guNa kA sambandha kisI viSaya yA vastu ke bAre meM mAnyatA, dRSTikoNa, AsthA, zraddhA , jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 726 30 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #833
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vizvAsa yA pratIti banAne se hai, jaise 'yaha aisA hI hai'| mokSamArga kI dRSTi se, jaba taka mAnyatA viparIta banI rahatI hai, taba taka mithyAdarzana nAma pAtI hai, parantu jaba yaha sahI ho jAtI hai, taba samyagdarzana kahalAtI hai / isa dazA kI prApti hetu pUrva meM sAdhaka deva - guru-dharma ke prati samarpita hotA hai, unake dvArA upadiSTa vizva - vyavasthA ko samajhatA hai aura usameM prayojanabhUta navatattvoM para saccI zraddhA karatA hai, phira inameM chipI sva aura para kI pahacAna kA samyak bhedajJAna kara usa para AsthA karatA hai| aisA karatA huA antataH apanI AtmA kA samyak zraddhAna karatA hai / isa Atma-zraddhAna ko hI nizcaya-dRSTi se samyagdarzana kahate haiM evaM isakI pUrvavartI avasthAoM ko vyavahAra - dRSTi se samyagdarzana kahate haiN| 128 (kha) samyagjJAna yaha AtmA ke 'jJAna' nAmaka guNa kI svabhAva paryAya hai| jJAna guNa ke dvArA hI AtmA kisI viSaya yA vastu ke bAre meM jAnane, dekhane, socane Adi kI kriyA karatI hai / adhyAtma ke kSetra meM jJAna kA sambandha mUlataH zAstrajJAna se nahIM, anubhUti jJAna se hotA hai| mokSamArga kI dRSTi se, jaba taka yaha jJAna viparIta hotA hai, taba taka mithyAjJAna nAma pAtA hai, parantu yahI jJAna jaba mokSamArga ke anukUla ho jAtA hai, taba samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai / samyagjJAna kI prApti hetu sAdhaka pUrva meM deva - guru-dharma ke upadezoM ko samyaktayA zravaNa karatA hai, una para ucita cintana-manana kara vizva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhatA hai, phira usameM prayojanabhUta navatattvoM ko samyaktayA grahaNa karatA hai, phira inameM nihita sva aura para kI saccI samajha banAtA hai evaM antataH bhedajJAna ke bala para AtmA kI samyak anubhUti karatA hai| isa AtmajJAna yA Atmabodha kI sthiti ko hI nizcaya - dRSTi se samyagjJAna kahate haiM evaM isakI pUrvavarttI avasthAoM ko vyavahAra - dRSTi se samyagjJAna kahate haiM / 129 mUlataH samyagjJAna evaM samyagdarzana donoM kA prakaTIkaraNa eka sAtha hI hotA hai| nizcaya samyagjJAna evaM samyagdarzana ke hone para hI jIva kI Atmaruci bar3hatI hai evaM viziSTa viveka kI jAgRti hotI hai aura vaha cAritramoha para vijaya prApta karane kA prayatna prArambha kara detA hai, pariNAmataH samyakcAritra rUpa zuddha - paryAya kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / (ga) samyakcAritra yaha AtmA ke ' cAritra' nAmaka guNa kI nirmala paryAya hai / cAritra guNa vaha zakti hai, jisake dvArA jIva azubha, zubha yA zuddha bhAva karatA hai| mokSamArga kI dRSTi se, jaba taka jIva ko samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna nahIM hotA, taba taka usameM zubha - azubha bhAvoM kA saMcAra hotA rahatA hai, jise mithyAcAritra kahate haiM, parantu jaba samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna prakaTa ho jAte haiM, taba zuddha bhAva rUpa samyakcAritra kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / isa dazA kI prApti hetu sAdhaka sarvaprathama azubha bhAvoM se nivRtta hokara zubha bhAvoM meM pravRtta hotA hai, ise vyavahAra dRSTi se samyakcAritra kahA jAtA hai / 727 samyakcAritra kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isakI mAtrA kramazaH bar3hatI jAtI hai| yaha samyagdarzana se adhyAya 13: AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 31 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #834
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ / pavasthA prArambha hotA hai aura vItarAgadazA kI prApti ke sAtha paripUrNa hotA hai| isa bIca meM jitane jitane aMza meM zuddha bhAva hote haiM, utanA-utanA samyakcAritra hotA hai aura zeSa aMzoM meM asthira cAritra arthAt apUrNa samyakcAritra banA rahatA hai| apanI dazA ko uttarottara bar3hAne hetu sAdhaka bArambAra vastu-svarUpa yA vizva-vyavasthA ke AdhAra para jIvana ko DhAlatA hai| vaha aMtaraMga meM kaSAyoM kA zamana-damana karatA huA samatva-bhAva ko bar3hAtA hai| isa prakriyA meM kramazaH aNuvratoM evaM mahAvratoM ko grahaNa karatA hai tathA bhAvoM ko nirmala karatA hai| antataH, vaha pUrNa samyakcAritra ko prApta ho jAtA hai| aba, yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki vizva-vyavasthA kyA hai aura kaisI hai, jisake bala para sAdhaka apanI dRSTi ko parimArjita, jJAna ko nirmala evaM AcaraNa ko samatva kI dizA meM agrasara karatA hai| (6) jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para vizva-vyavasthA jainadarzana meM vizva (loka) kI jo vyavasthA batAI gaI hai, usakA AdhAra vaijJAnika hai aura sAtha hI vaha jIva ko samatva bhAva kI ora le jAne vAlI hai| isa vizva-vyavasthA kA varNana hameM bhagavatIsUtra, sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, tattvArthasUtra, samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya, dravyasaMgraha Adi aneka jainazAstroM meM milatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anusAra, yaha vizva chaha prakAra (jAti) ke dravyoM kA samUha hai| ye haiM - jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma , AkAza evaM kaal|130 inameM se pratyeka dravya ananta guNoM kA samUha hai| ye guNa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM tathA dravya se kabhI pRthak nahIM hote, jaise - AtmA meM jJAnaguNa, pudgala meM sparzaguNa ityAdi / ye guNa svayaM kriyAzIla hote haiM aura pratisamaya badala-badala kara apanA kArya karate rahate haiM, jinheM 'paryAya' kahA jAtA hai, jaise - jJAnaguNa kA kArya pratisamaya jAnanA hai, sparzaguNa kA kArya mRdu, kaThora Adi honA hai, ityaadi| yaha paryAya vastutaH guNoM kI avasthA hI hotI hai| isa prakAra, vizva ananta dravya-guNa-paryAyAtmaka hai| yahA~ yaha vizeSatA hai ki dravya aura guNa to nitya haiM, jabaki paryAya anitya hai| ise hI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta (Permanency with a change) vizva-vyavasthA kahA gayA hai|12 udAharaNArtha, Ama (pudgala) eka dravya hai, usameM svAda nAmaka guNa hai evaM khaTTA, mIThA Adi usakI (svAda guNa kI) paryAya hai| vyavahAra-dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai ki Ama aura usakI svAda nAmaka zakti kerI avasthA meM bhI vahI thI evaM pakane ke pazcAt bhI vahI rahI, kintu svAda kI paryAya pUrva meM khaTTI thI, kramazaH mIThI hotI gii| dravyoM meM jo guNa hote haiM, unake mUlataH do bheda haiM - sAmAnya guNa evaM vizeSa gunn| sAmAnya guNa ve haiM, jo sabhI dravyoM meM pAe jAte haiM aura vizeSa guNa ve haiM, jo sabhI dravyoM meM na rahakara apanI-apanI jAti vAle dravyoM meM hI rahate haiN| udAharaNArtha, astitva guNa Adi sabhI dravyoM kA sAmAnya guNa hai, jabaki jJAnaguNa AtmA kA vizeSa guNa hai| 133 vizeSa guNoM ke AdhAra para jIvAdi chaha dravyoM ko spaSTatayA samajhA jA sakatA hai| 32 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 728 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #835
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIva dravya - inake apara nAma AtmA, cetana, prANI, jantu Adi haiN| jJAna, darzana, samyaktva, cAritra, sukha, vIrya, kriyAvatI zakti (gamanAgamana kI zakti) Adi inake vizeSa guNa haiN|134 ye saMkoca-vistAra guNa se bhI yukta hote haiN|135 inameM rUpa, rasa, sparza, gandha Adi guNoM kA abhAva hotA hai| inakI saMkhyA ananta hai| jIva ko chor3akara zeSa samasta dravya jar3a, acetana, anAtmA yA ajIva Adi kahalAte haiN| pudgala dravya - 'pud' kA artha hai - pUraNa (milanA) tathA 'gala' kA artha hai - galana (bichur3anA), ataH jina dravyoM meM pUraNa-galana arthAt banane evaM sar3ane-galane kI prakriyA hotI hai, unheM pudgala kahate haiM, jaise - makAna, vAhana, zarIra, kASTha aadi| 136 sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, kriyAvatI-zakti Adi inake vizeSa guNa hote haiN| 137 pudgala dravya saMkhyA meM anantAnanta hote haiM, ye do avasthAoM meM pAe jAte haiM - paramANu (aNu) evaM skandha (paramANuoM kA smuuh)|138 * dharma dravya - svayaM gamana karate hue jIva aura pudgala dravyoM ko gamana karane meM jo nimitta (mAdhyama) ho, use dharma dravya kahate haiM, jaise - gamana karatI huI machalI ko gamana karane meM jala nimitta hai| yaha dravya saMkhyA meM eka hai, kintu sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hai|139 adharma dravya - svayaM Thaharate hue jIva aura pudgala dravyoM ko Thaharane meM jo nimitta ho, use adharma dravya kahate haiM, jaise - pathika ko Thaharane meM vRkSa kI chaayaa| yaha dravya bhI dharmadravya ke samAna saMkhyA meM eka aura lokavyApI hotA hai|140 AkAza dravya - jo jIvAdika anya dravyoM ko rahane ke lie sthAna detA hai, use AkAza dravya kahate haiN| AkAza saMkhyA meM eka hote hue bhI sarvavyApI (loka-alokavyApI) hai|141 kAla dravya - jo jIvAdika dravyoM ke pariNamana meM nimitta hotA hai, use kAla dravya kahate haiM, jaise kumhAra ke cAka ko ghUmane ke lie lohe kI kiilii| 142 bhUta, bhaviSya evaM vartamAna ko milAkara kAla ke ananta samaya hote haiN| ina chaha dravyoM kI vyApaka samajha ke dvArA sAdhaka apanI asalI pahacAna khoja letA hai| vaha isakA samyak bodha kara letA hai ki ina dravyoM meM se 'maiM kauna hU~' aura 'para kauna hai' - dUsare zabdoM meM, AtmA ko AtmA kI pahacAna mila jAtI hai, jo AdhyAtmika jIvana-prabandhana ke lie prAthamika AvazyakatA hai| ina chaha dravyoM ke sAmAnya guNoM ko jAnanA bhI AdhyAtmika jIvana ke lie ati mahattvapUrNa hai| ye sAmAnya guNa saMkhyA meM ananta haiM, jinameM se chaha guNa vizeSa rUpa se samajhane yogya haiN| ye haiM143_ astitva guNa - jisa zakti ke kAraNa dravya na kabhI naSTa aura na kabhI utpanna hotA hai, balki traikAlika rahatA hai, use astitva guNa kahate haiN| vastutva guNa - jisa zakti ke kAraNa dravya meM arthakriyAkAritva (svayaM ke yogya kriyA karane 729 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 33 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #836
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kA sAmarthya) hotA hai, use vastutva guNa kahate haiN| dravyatva guNa - jisa zakti ke kAraNa dravya kI avasthAe~ nirantara badalatI rahatI haiM, use dravyatva guNa kahate haiN| prameyatva guNa - jisa zakti ke kAraNa dravya kisI na kisI jJAna kA viSaya banatA hai, use prameyatva guNa kahate haiN| agurulaghutva guNa - jisa zakti ke kAraNa dravya meM akhaNDatA banI rahatI hai arthAt eka dravya dUsare dravya rUpa nahIM hotA aura dravya meM rahane vAle anantaguNa bikharakara alaga-alaga nahIM hote, use agurulaghutva guNa kahate haiN| pradezatva guNa - jisa zakti ke kAraNa dravya kA koI na koI AkAra avazya rahatA hai, use pradezatva guNa kahate haiN| ina chaha sAmAnya guNoM ko jAnakara AtmA kA anya padArthoM se kyA sambandha hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| uparyukta SaDdravya rUpa vizva-vyavasthA ke AdhAra para sAdhaka apanI bhrAntiyoM ko naSTa karatA huA nimnalikhita siddhAntoM ko AtmasAt kara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM inakA prayoga kara sakatA hai14 - vizva se sambandhita siddhAnta yaha vizva svayaM-siddha hai evaM isakA kartA-dhartA-hartA Izvara nahIM hai| yaha vizva sadA se thA, hai aura sadA rhegaa| Izvara se pralobhana-pUrti yA bhaya-mukti sambandhI kAmanA karanA vyartha hai| dravya se sambandhita siddhAnta * pratyeka dravya svayambhU hai| pratyeka dravya ananta guNAtmaka hai, zUnya nhiiN|| pratyeka dravya kA kartA-dhartA vaha svayaM hai, ataH vaha svataMtra hai| maiM AtmA hU~ aura jJAna-darzanAdi merI zaktiyA~ haiN| ye deha, vastra, AbhUSaNa, baMgalA, gAr3I Adi pudgala haiM aura mujhase sarvathA bhinna haiN| ye parijana, mitra Adi jIva bhI mujhase bhinna haiN| vizva ke ananta dravyoM evaM merA saha-astitva sadA se thA, hai aura rahegA, ataH anyoM para apanA ekAdhikAra jamAnA vyartha hai| koI bhI dravya choTA-bar3A nahIM hotA, kyoMki sabhI ananta guNoM ke svAmI haiN| 34 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 730 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #837
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ guNoM se sambandhita siddhAnta maiM (AtmA) bhI ananta guNoM kA svAmI hU~, ataH para kI dAsatA vyartha hai| pratyeka dravya kA pratyeka guNa apanA-apanA kArya karatA hai, anya kA nhiiN| mere (AtmA ke) anantaguNa bhI apanA-apanA kArya karate haiM, ataH para ke prati kartA-buddhi rakhanA vyartha hai| paryAya se sambandhita siddhAnta dravya aura guNa sadA nirmala hI rahate haiM aura paryAya zuddhAzuddha hotI hai| maiM (AtmA) bhI dravya aura guNa kI apekSA se zuddha hU~, paryAya kI apekSA se vartamAna meM azuddha huuN| paryAya kA svabhAva parivartanazIla hai| merI (AtmA kI) paryAya bhI parivartanazIla hone se zuddha ho sakatI hai| maiM anyoM kI samIkSA karane ke bajAya apanI paryAyoM kA avalokana karU~ aura unakI zuddhi kA prayatna kruuN| astitva guNa se sambandhita siddhAnta sabhI dravyoM kA astitva zAzvat hai, maiM (AtmA) bhI janma-maraNa se rahita huuN| astitva kI apekSA se sabhI dravya samAna hI haiN| maiM kisI ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA aura na koI mujhe| ataH mAtA-pitA, putra-strI Adi se kevala saMyoga sambandha vyAvahArika-dRSTi se hai| jaba astitva traikAlika hai, to sAta prakAra ke bhaya karanA vyartha hai - ihaloka-bhaya, paraloka-bhaya, mRtyu-bhaya , akasmAt-bhaya, AjIvikA bhaya , agupti-bhaya evaM apamAna-bhaya / __ vastutva guNa se sambandhita siddhAnta maiM kisI kI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA aura na koI merii| pratyeka dravya apanI prayojanabhUta kriyA kA kartA svayaM hai, ataH koI bhI padArtha jagat meM nirarthaka nahIM hai| maiM (AtmA) bhI sabhI prakAra se svataMtra hU~, ataH parAvalambana chor3akara svAvalambI bananA caahie| paradravya apanA kArya karane ke lie svataMtra hai, ataH unase rAga-dveSa karanA vyartha hai| arihaMtoM aura siddhoM ke samAna maiM bhI jJAna-darzana svabhAvI huuN| 'jAnanA' merA (AtmA kA) kArya hai, ataH jAnakara sukhI-duHkhI honA vyartha hai| merI sImA kevala jAnanA-dekhanA hai, ataH mujhe jJAtA-dRSTA yA sAkSI bhAva se jInA caahie| 731 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #838
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dravyatva guNa se sambandhita siddhAnta pratyeka dravya pratisamaya parivarttanazIla hai, ataH para-padArthoM se evaM unakI nazvara paryAyoM se moha karanA vyartha hai| para-padArthoM ke pariNamana kA pravAha svataMtra evaM sahaja hai, ataH usa pravAha ko badalane kI ceSTA karanA vyartha hai / pariNamana honA dravya kA svabhAva hai, ataH isa pariNamana meM sahaja rahanA hI zreyaskara hai| varttamAna duHkhamaya saMsArAvasthA kA nAza evaM sukha rUpa siddhAvasthA kA prakaTa honA sambhava prameyatva guNa se sambandhita siddhAnta 36 AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| jJAtA (AtmA) aura jJeya (anAtmA) bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / AtmA kI mahimA nirAlI hai, yaha paradravyoM ko bhI jAnatI hai aura svadravya ko bhI / agurulaghutva guNa se sambandhita siddhAnta cetana sadA cetana aura jar3a sadA jar3a rahatA hai| AtmA ke jJAnAdi guNoM meM se eka bhI guNa kabhI kama nahIM ho sakatA / AtmA meM bAhara se koI bhI guNa yA paryAya na Ate haiM aura na jAte haiM, ataH maiM kisI kA karttA, bhoktA, svAmI aura adhikArI nahIM hU~ / pradezatva guNa se sambandhita siddhAnta dravya kA AkAra choTA ho yA bar3A, isase sukha - duHkha kA sambandha nahIM hai| pratyeka dravya apane AkAra kI sImA meM hI rahatA hai, vaha anya kI sImA meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA / aise aneka prakAra se SaDdravyAtmaka vizva - vyavasthA ko svIkAra kara AdhyAtmika sAdhaka ko navatattvoM kA anuzIlana karanA cAhie, jisase usakI mokSamArga kI samajha aura adhika spaSTa ho sake / jainadarzana meM ina navatattvoM kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai (7) navatattvoM kA viSaya, jainadRSTi kA AdhAra - jisa prakAra kisI rogagrasta vyakti kA ilAja karane ke pUrva cikitsaka ko tIna jAnakAriyA~ prApta karanI Avazyaka hai| rogI kauna hai, roga ke kAraNa kyA haiM aura roga nivAraNa kaise sambhava hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka ko bhI tIna praznoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA anivArya hai maiM kauna hU~ (duHkhI kauna hai), maiM duHkhI kyoM hotA hU~ aura maiM sukhI kaise ho sakatA hU~? ina tIna praznoM kA samAdhAna karane ke lie jainAcAryoM ne navatattvoM kA varNana kiyA hai / jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 1 For Personal & Private Use Only 732
Page #839
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 'tattva' zabda tat+tva se banA hai| 'tat' kA artha hai - vastu aura 'tva' kA artha hai - svarUpa / ataH vastu ke svarUpa ko tattva kahate haiM (tasya bhAvaH iti tttvm)|145 cUMki vastu kA svarUpa vastu se sadaiva abhinna hotA hai, ataH abheda vivakSA se 'tattva' zabda meM vastu evaM usake svarUpa donoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| isI dRSTi se jainAcAryoM ne navatattvoM kA vivecana kiyA hai146 - (ka) jIvatattva - jJAna-darzana svabhAvI AtmA ko jIvatattva kahate haiN| jaba yaha jIva para-nimitta ke zubha Alambana se yukta hotA hai, taba use zubha bhAva (puNya) hotA hai, jaba azubha Alambana se yukta hotA hai, taba use azubha bhAva (pApa) hotA hai evaM jaba svAvalambI arthAt nija zuddhasvarUpa kA Alambana letA hai, taba use zuddha bhAva (dharma) hotA hai| (kha) ajIvatattva - jJAna-darzana svabhAva se rahita padArthoM ko ajIvatattva kahate haiN| isameM pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza evaM kAla - ina pA~coM prakAra ke dravyoM kA samAveza hotA hai| ye ajIva tattva AtmA se sarvathA bhinna haiN| ina jIva-ajIva tattvoM kA cintana-manana kara sAdhaka yaha nirNaya kara sakatA hai ki maiM AtmA hU~, jar3a nhiiN| (ga) Asravatattva - AtmA meM vikArI zubhAzubha bhAvoM kA utpanna honA bhAva-Asrava evaM tatsamaya navIna karmoM kA AtmA kI ora AkarSita honA dravya Asrava kahalAtA hai| (gha) bandhatattva - moha, rAga-dveSa, ajJAna, zubhAzubha bhAvoM meM AtmA kA ruka jAnA bhAva-bandha tathA navIna karmoM kA AtmA se bandha jAnA dravya bandha hai| Asrava aura bandha ke do upabheda haiM - puNya evaM paap| (Ga) puNyatattva - dayA, dAna, bhakti, pUjA, vrata Adi zubha bhAvoM kA honA bhAvapuNya hai aura isake nimitta se karma kA AtmA se sambandha honA dravyapuNya hai| (ca) pApatattva - mithyAtva, hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya , avrata Adi azubha bhAvoM kA honA bhAvapApa hai aura isake nimitta se karma kA AtmA se sambandha honA dravya pApa hai| Asrava, bandha, puNya evaM pApa AtmA kI svAbhAvika nahIM, vaibhAvika avasthAe~ haiN| ye avasthAe~ parapadArthoM se sambandha jor3ane para utpanna hone vAle vikArI pariNAma haiM aura paramArthadRSTi se sAdhaka ke lie heya rUpa haiM, phira bhI puNya Asrava evaM puNya bandha ko pApa kI tulanA meM vyavahAra-dRSTi se upAdeya kahA gayA hai| (cha) saMvaratattva - zubhAzubha bhAvoM ke Asrava kA AtmA ke zuddha bhAvoM dvArA aMzataH nirodha honA bhAva saMvara hai evaM tadanusAra nae karmoM kA Agamana aMzataH ruka jAnA dravya saMvara hai| 733 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 37 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #840
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (ja) nirjarAtattva - zuddha AtmasvabhAva ke Alambana ke bala para svarUpa meM sthiratA kI AMzika vRddhi evaM azuddha avasthA kA AMzika nAza honA bhAva nirjarA hai aura tadanusAra karmoM kA AtmA se aMzataH jhar3anA (kSaya honA) dravya nirjarA hai| (jha) mokSatattva - azuddha avasthA kA sampUrNa nAza hokara AtmA kI pUrNa nirmala pavitra dazA kA prakaTa honA bhAva mokSa hai tathA dravya karmoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAnA dravyamokSa hai| bhAva mokSa ko arihaMta-avasthA evaM dravya mokSa ko siddha-avasthA kahA jAtA hai| saMvara aura nirjarA AtmA kI ekadeza svabhAva avasthAe~ haiM aura isIlie ekadeza upAdeya (grAhya) haiM, jabaki mokSa AtmA kI paripUrNa svabhAva avasthA hai aura isIlie sarvathA upAdeya hai| ina navatattvoM meM se prathama do tattva dravya ke sUcaka haiM aura zeSa sabhI paryAyoM ke| ina paryAyoM meM se vikArI paryAyoM se chUTanA aura nirvikArI paryAyoM kI prApti karanA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA lakSya hai| ye nirvikArI paryAyeM sAdhanA ke prArambha meM saMvara-nirjarA rUpa hotI haiM aura antataH mokSa rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI haiN| yaha mokSa pUrNa Arogya aura svasthatA kI sthiti hai, jisameM sAdhaka ko pUrNAnanda kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra, ina navatattvoM kA bArambAra cintana-manana karatA huA sAdhaka sva aura para ke bhedajJAna kA abhyAsa karatA rahatA hai aura phalasvarUpa AtmA kA samyak zraddhAna evaM samyagbodha karatA hai, ise hI kramazaH samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kahA jAtA hai| isase Atmaruci kI abhivRddhi hotI hai aura sAdhaka AtmaramaNatA kA bArambAra abhyAsa karatA huA antataH samyakcAritra kI prApti karatA hai| vastutaH uparyukta kathana bhedadRSTi se kiyA gayA hai, so samajhane ke lie hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra Adi saba AtmA hI hai| ataH AtmA meM bheda se pare jAkara evaM vikalparahita hokara lIna ho jAnA, yahI AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana kA hArda hai| =====4.>===== 38 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 734 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #841
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.6 AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana kA prAyogika-pakSa pUrva meM hamane AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa ko jaanaa| isa bAta ko gaharAI se samajhA ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kA kyA svarUpa hai aura kisa prakAra se vizva-vyavasthA evaM navatattvoM kA Alambana lekara isa ratnatraya kI prApti sambhava hai| aba isa bAta kI carcA kI jA rahI hai ki ratnatraya kI prApti kA prAyogika rUpa kyA ho, kaise sIr3hI-dara-sIr3hI car3hakara vyakti AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI prApti kara sakatA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI samajhanA hogA ki jisa taraha mArga kA jAnakAra samucita prayatna kie binA gantavya taka nahIM pahu~ca sakatA, anukUla vAyu ke binA jalayAna icchita lakSya ko nahIM pA sakatA, usI taraha zAstra dvArA mokSamArga ko jAna lene para bhI samyak prayoga se rahita jJAna iSTa lakSya kI prApti nahIM karA sktaa|47 ____ Age, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kI prApti ke lie ucita abhyAsa ke krama ko spaSTa kiyA jA rahA hai| anukUlatA kI dRSTi se samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kA pRthak-pRthak vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| 13.6.1 samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna kI prApti kA abhyAsa-krama AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke vikAsa ke lie samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna kI upalabdhi honA nIMva DAlane ke samAna hai| cUMki ye donoM yugapat (sAtha-sAtha) hote haiM, ataH inakA varNana bhI sAtha-sAtha hI kiyA jA rahA hai| inake prakaTIkaraNa ke lie sAdhaka ko anukrama se nimna abhyAsa karanA cAhie - (1) prAthamika bhUmikA kA nirmANa karanA - samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna kI prApti ke lie sarvaprathama ucita pAtratA kA vikAsa karanA Avazyaka hai| jainazAstroM ke anusAra, isa vikAsa kA adhikArI vahI vyakti hai, jo kSayopazama-labdhi (samyagdarzana hetu Avazyaka pA~ca labdhiyoM meM se prathama) se yukta ho| aisA vyakti jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA vizeSa kSayopazama ho jAne se tattva-vicAra karane meM samartha hotA hai| 148 jo jIvana-prabandhaka isa kSayopazama-labdhi se sampanna hai, use isakA upayoga samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna kI bhUmikA taiyAra karane ke lie karanA caahie| isa hetu use artha aura bhoga kI nirarthakatA kA cintana-manana karanA cAhie aura inake prati ruci ko alpa karate jAnA caahie| isase mohAtmaka vRttiyA~ manda hotI haiM aura krodhAdi kASAyika pariNAmoM kI zuddhi hotI hai| isa dazA ko hI vizuddhi-labdhi (dvitIya labdhi) kahate haiN|149 zrImadrAjacandra ne isa dazA ke cAra lakSaNa batAe haiM150 - kaSAyanI upazAMtatA, mAtra mokSa abhilASa / bhave kheda prANI dayA, tyAM AtmArtha nivaas|| arthAt jo isa stara kA sAdhaka hotA hai, usake cAra lakSaNa hote haiM - 1) usakI kaSAya upazAnta hotI hai, 2) use mokSa-pada ke sivAya anya kisI pada kI abhilASA nahIM hotI, 3) saMsAra ke 735 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 39 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #842
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prati vairAgya rahatA hai aura 4) prANImAtra para dayA rahatI hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne isa dazA ke sAdhaka ko 'apunarbandhaka' kahA hai| yaha sAdhaka aisI bhAvAtmaka vizuddhi ko prApta ho jAtA hai, jisase punaH kabhI bhI karmoM kI utkRSTa sthiti kA bandhana na ho| isa dazA ke tIna lakSaNa hote haiM - 1) vaha tIvra bhAvoM se pApa nahIM karatA, 2) vaha saMsAra ke prati bahumAna nahIM rakhatA aura 3) vaha sarvatra ucita AcaraNa karatA hai| 151 upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne bhI prAthamika sAdhaka meM tIna bAtoM kA honA Avazyaka batAyA hai - 1) moha kI alpatA, 2) Atma-abhimukhatA tathA 3) kadAgraha (pakSapAta) se mukttaa|152 isa prakAra, prathama stara meM sAdhaka ko kaSAya-mandatA, mokSAbhilASA, saralatA, pApa-bhIrutA, AtmAbhimukhatA Adi sadguNoM se yukta hone kA prayatna karanA caahie| (2) samyaktva-sammukhatA - isa stara ke sAdhaka ko ucita bAhya nimittoM kI pahacAna karanI caahie| use sudeva , suguru evaM suzAstra (sudharma) tathA unake anuyAyiyoM (SaDAyatana) kA samAgama kara unakA upadeza zravaNa karanA caahie| sAtha hI yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki 'aho! mujhe to ina bAtoM kI khabara hI nahIM thii| maiM to bhramita hokara prApta saMyogoM meM hI tanmaya hotA rahA, parantu isa jIvana kA thor3A hI kAla aba zeSa hai aura yahA~ mujhe sarvanimitta bhI sulabha haiM, ataH mujhe ina bAtoM ko barAbara samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki inase hI merA hita hai|' aisA vicAra kara AtmA ke lie jo hitakArI hai, usa mokSamArga kA, deva-guru-dharmAdika kA, jIvAdi navatattvoM kA tathA nija-para kA upadeza sunanA cAhie aura usake cintana-manana evaM nirNaya kA udyama karanA caahie|153 isa prakAra tattvoM ko grahaNa karane evaM unakA vicAra karane se sAdhaka ko dezanA-labdhi (tRtIya labdhi) kI prApti hotI hai, jisameM use AtmAnveSaNa ke lie vizeSa cintana karanA cAhie, jaise - maiM kauna hU~, kahA~ se AyA hU~, merA zuddha svarUpa kyA hai, maiM kyoM duHkhI hotA hU~ aura duHkhI karane vAle sambandhoM ko rakhU yA choDUM ityaadi| 154 jaise-jaise vaha dezanA ko samajhatA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise use AptapurUSoM ke vacanoM ke prati zraddhA, unakI AjJA ko svIkAra karane meM apUrva ruci evaM svacchandatA kA nirodha karane rUpa unakI bhakti utpanna hotI hai| zrImadrAjacandra ne ise vyavahAra samyagdarzana kI dazA kahA hai|155 (3) samyagdarzana ke lie tIvra prayatna karanA - isa stara ke sAdhaka ko jIvAdi navatattvoM kA vizeSa-vizeSa cintana-manana karanA caahie| ina navatattvoM ke AdhAra para use sva aura para ke bhinnatva kA bodha karate hue antataH eka AtmasvarUpa ko hI grahaNa karane kA prayatna karanA cAhie, kyoMki isa abhyAsa se hI AtmAnubhUti kI prApti hotI hai| isa hetu use lakSaNa, naya, nikSepa, anuyogadvAra Adi jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoM kA bhI samyak upayoga karanA caahie| isa prayatnAtmaka dazA ko hI prAyogya-labdhi (caturtha labdhi ) kahate haiN| yaha vaha avasthA hai, jisameM jIva mithyAtva ke granthibheda ke nikaTa pahu~ca jAtA hai| usake karmoM kI sthiti eka koTokoTI sAgaropama se kucha kama raha jAtI hai|156 40 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 736 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #843
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhAvoM kI dRSTi se, AtmA para-padArthoM se upayoga haTAkara Atmatattva ko pAne kA abhyAsa karatI hai, vaha zrutajJAna kA Alambana lekara jJAnasvabhAvI AtmA kA nizcaya karane kA prayatna karatI hai|157 isa avasthA ko yathApravRttikaraNa bhI kahate haiN|158 (4) samyagdarzana kI prApti kA lakSyabhedI prayatna karanA - pUrva stara meM sAdhaka ko vikalpAtmaka rUpa se tattva kI anubhUti hotI hai, jaise - maiM eka hU~, akhaNDa hU~, ajara-amara-avinAzI hU~, zuddha hU~ Adi, kintu aba , isa stara para pahu~cakara use nirvikalpa anubhUti kA prayatna karanA caahie| isa hetu use para-padArthoM se apanA upayoga (cetanA kA vyApAra/Active Consciousness of the Soul) haTAkara arthAt matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna ke vikalpoM ko gauNa kara ekamAtra AtmasvarUpa ke jJAna kA prayAsa karanA cAhie aura eka akhaNDa, avinAzI, zuddha AtmasvarUpa kA vikalparahita anubhava karanA caahie| aisA karane para AtmA ke Ananda kA apUrva anubhava hotA hai yAni AtmA kA sahaja-Ananda prakaTa hotA hai aura aMtaraMga meM apUrva AtmazAnti kA vedana hotA hai| maiM caitanya svarUpa, paripUrNa AtmA hU~', yaha nirvikalpa anubhUti hote hI jJAna evaM zraddhA guNa kI nirmala paryAya prakaTa hotI hai, jise kramazaH nizcaya samyagjJAna evaM nizcaya samyagdarzana kahA jAtA hai| isa prayatnAtmaka dazA ko hI karaNa-labdhi (paMcama labdhi) kahate haiN| isa stara para sAdhaka kramazaH tIna kArya karatA hai - carama yathApravRttikaraNa, apUrvakaraNa evaM anivRttikrnn| digambara mAnyatAnusAra inheM adhaHkaraNa, apUrvakaraNa evaM anivRttikaraNa kahate haiN| inakA vizeSa ullekha labdhisAra, karmagrantha, gommaTasAra Adi sAhitya meM upalabdha hai|160 13.6.2 samyakcAritra ke vikAsa kA abhyAsa-krama AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke antargata samyakcAritra kA vikAsa karanA eka kramika prakriyA hai, jisameM anukrama se nimna abhyAsa karanA cAhie - (1) prAthamika bhUmikA kA nirmANa karanA - yadyapi nizcaya samyakcAritra kA prArambha nizcaya samyagdarzana kI prApti ke sAtha hI hotA hai, tathApi samyagdarzana ke pUrva bhI nirmala cAritra kI bhUmikA kA nirmANa karanA Avazyaka hai| isa hetu sAdhaka ko azubha bhAvoM ke tyAga evaM zubha bhAvoM ke grahaNa kA prayatna karanA caahie| use sAmAnya sadAcAra kA pAlana karate hue jIvana-yApana karanA cAhie, jaise - saptavyasana, abhakSyasevana evaM akalpanIya kRtyoM kA tyAga tathA mArgAnusArI ke paiMtIsaguNoM kA pAlana aadi| inakA vizeSa ullekha yogazAstra, dharmabinduprakaraNa, zrAddhadharma, vasunandIzrAvakAcAra, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta Adi aneka granthoM meM upalabdha hai| sAdhaka ko sAmAnya sadAcAra ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAnya dharmAcaraNa, jaise - devapUjA, guru-upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa evaM dAna meM bhI yathAzakti ruci rakhanI caahie| itanA hI nahIM, usake tyAga, vratAdi sabhI sadvyavahAra bhI samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna kI prApti kI dizA meM sahayogI siddha hone caahie| dUsare zabdoM meM, usake 737 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 41 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #844
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ cAritrika-vikAsa ke sabhI upakrama samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna ke lakSya se hone caahie| isa bhUmikA ke cAritra ko jainAcAryoM ne vyavahAra-cAritra kI saMjJA dI hai| (2) anantAnubandhI kaSAya se nivRtta honA - sAdhaka ko kevala prathamastara ke cAritra ko hI cAritrika vikAsa kI itizrI nahIM mAna lenA caahie| use dvitIya stara meM pahu~cakara zubha se zuddha bhAvoM kI ora gamana karane kA prayatna bhI karanA caahie| isa hetu use mukhya rUpa se sAMsArika bhoga-vAsanAoM ke prati udAsInatA lAnA cAhie aura sAtha hI mokSamArga ke prati vizeSa rucivanta bananA caahie| bhale hI vaha sAMsArika prapaMcoM meM vyasta ho evaM vratAdi se yukta na ho, phira bhI use samyagjJAna ke AdhAra para apane doSoM ko doSa rUpa meM mahasUsa karanA caahie| dUsare zabdoM meM, use kama se kama rAga kA rAga (rAga ko acchA mAnanA) chor3ane kA prayatna karanA caahie| use bArambAra prApta tattvajJAna ke AdhAra para bhedajJAna kA abhyAsa karate rahanA caahie| isa abhyAsa ke bala para hI vaha antataH AtmasvarUpa ko upalabdha kara letA hai arthAt samyagdarzana-samyagjJAna kI prApti kara letA hai| isake sAtha hI usakA svarUpAcaraNa cAritra (samyakcAritra kA eka prakAra) prArambha ho jAtA hai| (3) apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya se nivRtta honA - samyagdarzana hone ke bAda bhI zubhAzubha bhAvoM kA astitva banA rahatA hai aura isase sAdhaka vItarAgadazA kI prApti se dUra rahatA hai| isa tRtIya stara meM pahu~cakara sAdhaka ko vItarAgatA kI dizA meM vizeSa purUSArtha karanA caahie| use sudeva, sugurU evaM sazAstra ke nikaTa rahane kA evaM una para parNa AsthA rakhane kA prayatna karanA caahie| sAtha hI, use bArambAra heya-jJeya-upAdeya kA cintana karanA cAhie aura isa AdhAra para heya arthAt anAvazyaka tathyoM ke parityAga kI bhAvanA karanI caahie| use bAhya jagat se nivRtti evaM AtmA meM pravRtti karane kA bArambAra abhyAsa karanA caahie| isase kramazaH usakA Atmabala vikasita hotA jAtA hai aura antataH apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya para vijaya prApta ho jAtI hai| tatpazcAt use bAhya meM aNuvratoM ko grahaNa karanA cAhie evaM bhItara meM artha evaM bhoga kI Asakti kA sImAMkana kara lenA caahie| isake sAtha-sAtha usakI AtmasthiratA bhI aura adhika baDhatI jAnI caahie| isa dazA ko hI saMyamAsaMyama cAritra kahate (4) pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya se nivRtta honA - sAdhaka ko kevala pratibandhoM ke sImAkaraNa se hI santuSTa nahIM ho jAnA cAhie, apitu sarvathA apratibaddha jIvana jIne kA prayatna bhI karanA caahie| vastutaH, gRha-kuTumba Adi ko kAjala kI koTharI kI upamA dI gaI hai, ataH sAdhaka ko viziSTa AtmasAdhanA ke lie zarIra, kuTumba evaM bhogoM ke prati udAsInatA utpanna karanI cAhie aura jainazAstroM meM nirdiSTa pratimAoM ko kramazaH grahaNa karanA caahie| antataH use samyagjJAna evaM samyagdarzana pUrvaka pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya para vijaya prApta kara sarvavirati cAritra aMgIkAra karanA caahie| 42 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 738 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #845
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (5) tIvra saMjvalana kaSAya se nivRtta honA - sarvavirati jIvana aMgIkAra karane ke sAtha hI sAdhaka gRhastha sambandhI prapaMcoM se mukta hokara muni (zramaNa) bana jAte haiN| unakA karttavya hotA hai ki ve adhika se adhika Atma-ramaNatA evaM Atma-sthiratA ke sAtha jie~ aura sahaja hI hiMsAdi pA~ca doSoM se dUra raheM, parantu ve asAvadhAnIvaza apane zuddhopayoga meM nahIM raha paate| isa asAvadhAnI kA mUla kAraNa hai unakI tIvra saMjvalana kssaay| isake kAraNa ve zubha bhAvapUrvaka bAhya pravRttiyoM meM jur3a jAte haiM aura kadAcit uttaraguNoM meM alpadoSa (aticAra) bhI lagA dete haiN| ina doSoM se mukti hetu unheM Atmazuddhi ke vividha anuSThAna karane cAhie, jaise - pratikramaNa, AlocanA, pratyAkhyAna aadi| ina anuSThAnoM ko bhAvapUrvaka karate hue unheM punaH zuddhopayoga meM sthira hone kA prayatna karanA caahie| (6) manda saMjvalana kaSAya se nivRtta honA - ve muni apramatta hokara jaba zuddhopayoga kI sAdhanA karate haiM, taba bhI acetana mana meM avyakta rUpa se zubhAzubha bhAvoM kI dhArA pravAhita hotI rahatI hai| isakA mUla kAraNa hai - manda saMjvalana kssaay|161 yaha kaSAya vItarAgadazA kI abhivyakti meM antima bAdhA hai| ataH muni ko vizeSa tapa Adi pravRttiyoM se jur3akara Atmavizuddhi kA vizeSa prayatna karanA caahie| aMtaraMga meM vidyamAna moha kI mahAsattA kA samagra vinAza karane ke lie viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI samatAbhAva se jIne kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| unheM pariSaha-jaya evaM upasarga-jaya (vividha pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samatAbhAva) ke lie sadaiva sajaga rahanA caahie| isase aMtaraMga vizuddhi apanI parAkASThA taka pahu~ca jAtI hai aura sAdhaka kSapaka zreNI para ArUr3ha hokara kaSAya-vijetA bana jAtA hai| ise hI yathAkhyAta cAritra yA vItarAga cAritra kahate haiN| isa prakAra, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra kI ekatA sAdhaka kA mokSamArga bana jAtI hai aura ina tInoM kI pUrNa vikasita avasthA hI mokSa kahalAtI hai| vastutaH, abheda-dRSTi se dekheM, to samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra tathA mokSa aura kucha nahIM, kevala AtmA kI AtmA meM avasthiti hai aura yahI jIvana-prabandhana kA antima uddezya bhI hai| =====4.>===== 739 adhyAya 13 : AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #846
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.7 niSkarSa prastuta adhyAya meM hamane yaha jAnA ki adhyAtma kA jIvana meM kendrIya sthAna hai| yaha vyakti ko bhogAsakti se utpanna duHkhoM se mukta kara saccI zAnti pradAna karatA hai| yahA~ adhyAtma kA sahI artha AtmA ko lakSya meM rakhakara kI jAne vAlI hitakArI prakriyAoM se hai, na ki bAhya kriyAkANDa athavA zArIrika pravRttiyoM ko karane se| jainadarzana meM isIlie AtmA ke svarUpa ko gaharAI taka samajhAyA gayA aura yaha batAyA gayA ki sAdhaka, sAdhana evaM sAdhya kI ekarUpatA se hI vyakti AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI dizA meM agrasara ho sakatA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke vibhinna stara kyA-kyA ho sakate haiM aura unakA vargIkaraNa kisa-kisa prakAra se ho sakatA hai, yaha batAnA bhI prastuta adhyAya kA eka mahattvapUrNa uddezya rahA hai| ise jAnakara hI jIvana-prabandhaka svayaM ke vartamAna stara kA mUlyAMkana kara sakatA hai evaM sahI sAdhya kI dizA meM kramazaH Age bar3ha sakatA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke mArga meM Age bar3hane meM kaI visaMgatiyA~ evaM bAdhAe~ utpanna hotI haiM, ataH prastuta adhyAya meM inheM mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna evaM mithyAcAritra ke rUpa meM samajhAyA gayA hai| yaha bhI vistAra se batAyA gayA hai ki inameM se pratyeka visaMgati ke upabheda kyA-kyA ho sakate haiM? isa sandarbha meM vistAra se carcA karane ke pIche hamArA uddezya yahI hai ki vyakti inheM samajhakara hI inake samyak prabandhana kI dizA meM Age bddh'e| isa prakAra, prastuta adhyAya meM AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana ko saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika pakSoM ke rUpa meM samajhAyA gayA hai| saiddhAntika pakSa ke mAdhyama se mUlatayA jainadarzana kI mokSamArgIya avadhAraNA ko batAyA gayA hai| isake antargata samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra ke mUlasvarUpa para dRSTi DAlI gaI hai aura sAtha hI inheM prApta karane ke lie prayojanabhata vizva-vyavasthA evaM nava sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| inake manthana se prApta sUtroM ko bhI sUcIbaddha kiyA gayA hai, jinakA anuzIlana kara jIvana-prabandhaka apanI AdhyAtmika kSetra kI bhrAnta avadhAraNAoM ko tor3a sakatA hai| yahA~ AdhyAtmika-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika pakSa ke sAtha-sAtha usake prAyogika pakSa kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai tathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prAyogika prakriyA ko jainadRSTi ke AdhAra para bhI darzAyA gayA hai| isake antargata samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna tathA samyakcAritra kI prApti ke abhyAsa-kramoM kA pRthak-pRthak vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai aura anta meM ina tInoM kI paripUrNa dazA rUpa mokSAvasthA ko lakSita kiyA gayA hai| vizeSa jAnakArI hetu sambandhita zAstroM kA avalokana kiyA jA sakatA hai| =====4.>===== 44 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 740 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #847
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 13.8 svamUlyAMkana evaM praznasUcI kra. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) (Self Assessment : A questionnaire ) kRpayA sahI vikalpa kA cunAva kara usakA nambara nIce praznasUcI meM bhreN| prazna vikalpa - alpa - @ ThIka ? acchA 3 bahuta acchA @ pUrNa kyA Apa AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avadhAraNA ko jAnate haiM? kyA Apa sAdhya ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? kyA Apa sAdhana ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? 741 kyA Apa sAdhaka ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? kyA Apa AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vividha staroM ko jAnate haiM? kyA Apa samyagdarzana evaM mithyAdarzana ke svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnate haiM? kyA Apa samyagjJAna evaM mithyAjJAna ke svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnate haiM? kyA Apa samyakcAritra evaM mithyAcAritra ke svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnate haiM? kyA Apa mokSa ke svarUpa ko jAnate haiM? 9) 10) kyA Apa 'mokSa meM hI parama sukha hai isa avadhAraNA se sahamata haiM? 11) kyA Apa vizva vyavasthA yAni Sadravya evaM navatattvoM ko jAnate haiM? vikalpa - kabhI nahIM - 0 kadAcit 12) kyA Apa sAdhanA meM upasthita rahate haiM? I SON O 13) kyA Apa antarmukhI hone kA abhyAsa karate haiM? 14) kyA Apa moha kI alpatA rakhate haiM? 15) kyA Apa upadeza zravaNa karate haiM? 16) kyA Apa tattvoM kA vizeSa cintana-manana evaM anubhUti karate haiM? 17) kyA Apa sadAcAra (vyavahAra cAritra) kA pAlana karate haiM? 18) kyA Apa anantAnubandhI kaSAya se nivRtti kA prayatna karate haiM? 19) kyA Apa apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya se nivRtti kA prayatna karate haiM ? 20) kyA Apa pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya se nivRtti kA prayatna karate haiM? kula varttamAna meM prabandhana kA stara bhaviSya meM apekSita prabandhana kabhI-kabhI 3 aksara +4 hamezA 5 adhyAya 13: AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana For Personal & Private Use Only 0-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 alpa ThIka acchA bahuta acchA pUrNa atyadhika adhika alpa alpatara alpatama uttara kula sandarbha pR. kra. 7 8 9 11 30 31 * 27 27 32 1231 2011 11 39 40 40 41 42 42 42 45
Page #848
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhasUcI 36 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 40, pR. 172 37 vahI, pR. 291 1 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/2/3/4 38 dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra, paM.medhAvI, 2/8 2 samaNasutta, 150 39 sAgAradharmAmRtam, AzAdhara, 1/20 3 prazamarati, 39 40 adhyAtmopaniSada, 2/9 4 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/7 41 vyAkhyAprajJapti, 1/9/21/4 5 adhyAtmavAda aura vijJAna, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, pR. 1 42 niyamasAraTIkA, padmaprabhamalladhArI, 25, pR. 142 6 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/48 43 samayasAra, 16 7 vahI, 9/48 44 AcArAMgasUtra, 1/6/5/1 8 pANinIyaH aSTAdhyAyIsUtrapAThaH, 2/1/6 45 mokSaprAbhRta, 5, 8, 10, 11 9 abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, 1/227 46 vahI, 5,9 10 adhyAtmopaniSad, 1/2 47 vahI, 5, 6, 12 11 adhyAtmasAra, 2/2 48 darzana aura ciMtana, paM.sukhalAla saMghavI, khaM. 2, 12 bRhadravyasaMgrahaH, 57, pR. 187 pR. 260-277 13 samayasAra, tAtparyavRtti, pR. 526 49 jaina, bauddha aura gItA, DaoN.sAgaramalajaina, 2/448 14 appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| 50 vahI, 2/447 appA mittamamittaM ca, duppaThThiya - suptttthiyo|| 51 tattvArthasUtra, 8/1 - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 20/37 52 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 8/1, pR. 514 15 bhagavatIArAdhanA, 81 53 tattvArthasUtra, 7/1 16 sthAnAMgasUtravRtti, abhayadevasUri, 1 54 sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1/732 17 nyAyavivaraNa, 1/115, pR. 428-429 55 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 8/1, pR. 514 18 AlApapaddhati, 15 56 vahI, 7/13, pR. 478-479 19 tattvArthavRtti, zrutasAgarasUri, 5/38 57 sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1/730 20 niyamasAra, 28 58 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 34 21 SoDazakaprakaraNa, 15/13-16 59 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 8/1, pR. 514 22 samayasAra, 3 60 vahI, pR. 515 23 vahI, maMgalAcaraNa, A.amRtacandra, 1 61 vahI, pR. 515 24 vahI, kalaza, A.amRtacandra, 12 62 SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), 10/4/2/4/175/437/8 25 upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kA adhyAtmavAda, 63 (ka) samavAyAMgasUtra, 26 sA.prItidarzanAzrI, pR. 136 (kha) RSibhASitasUtra, 9/5 26 tattvArthasUtra, 1/1 (ga) tattvArthasUtra, 8/1 27 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/3 64 sarvArthasiddhi, 8/9/751 28 zrAvakadharmaprakAza (padmanandipaMcaviMzati), ekatva saptati 65 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 8/9, pR. 525 adhikAra, 14 (825, 146) 66 sarvArthasiddhi, 8/9/751 29 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/35 67 vahI, 8/9/751 30 yogazAstra, 4/1 68 vahI, 8/9/751 31 samayasAra, 7-8 69 (ka) AcArAMganiyukti, 22-23 32 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/30 (kha) tattvArthasUtra, 9/47 33 vahI, 28/29 (ga) SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA), kRtianuyogadvAra, vedanAkhaNDa, 34 upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kA adhyAtmavAda, cUlikA, 7-8 sA. prItidarzanAzrI, pR. 131 70 kaSAya, sA.hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 67 35 adhyAtmopaniSad, 1/5 71 karmagraMthavRtti, 2/2, pR. 7 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 46 742 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #849
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 72 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 3. 8 73 karmagraMtha, 2/2 74 kaSAya, sA. hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 67-68 75 rayaNasAra, 40 76 karmagraMtha, guni mizrImala 2/2, pR. 16 77 vahI, pR. 20-21 78 kaSAya, sA. hemaprajJAzrI, 79 vahI, pR. 72 80 vahI, pR. 72 81 karmagraMtha, muni mizrImala 2/2, pR. 27-31 82 kaSAya, sA. hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 73 83 vahI, pR. 73 84 vahI, pR. 73 85 samavAyAMgasUtra 96 86 gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 8 87 mokSamArgaprakAzaka, adhikAra 3. pR. 76 pR. 72 88 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28 / 14 89 mokSamArgaprakAzaka, adhikAra 4, pR. 80-82 90 tatvArthasUtra 6 / 3-4 91 mokSamArgaprakAzaka, adhikAra 7, pR. 255-256 92 tattvArthasUtra, 9/1 93 vahI, 9/3 94 bRhadravyasaMgraha, 41, pR. 132-133 95 mokSamArgaprakAzaka, adhikAra 4, pR. 85 96 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 1/6, pR. 30 97 (ka) tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 1/6, pR. 31 (kha) mokSamArgaprakAzaka, adhikAra ? (vyavahArAbhAsI) (ga) zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 3-5. pU. 534-535 98 tattvArthasUtra 1/33 99 (ka) sarvArthasiddhi 1/32/230-239 (kha) tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 1/32, pR. 88-90 100 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32 / 100-101 101 dekheM, mokSamArgaprakAzaka, adhikAra 4, pR. 88-93 102 zrImadrAjacandra patrAMka 204, pR. 200 103 vahI, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 24 26, pR. 543-544 104 vahI, patrAMka 264, pR. 298-300 105 vahI, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 7, pR. 535 743 106 samayasAra, kalaza, A. amRtacandra, 142 107 Atama anubhava ... .. sIjhe kAja samAsI / / AnaMdaghanapadasaMgraha, 1, pada 6 ...navi Ave / / cidAnaMdakRtapadasaMgraha 1 pada 11 108 joga jugati... 109 zrImaddevacandra, 2, pR. 578 110 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 265, 300-301 111 AnaMdaghana caubIsI, muni sahajAnaMdaghana, 11 112 dekheM, jJAnArNavaH, 6/1 113 tattvArthasUtra 10/3 114 niyamasAra, 176 115 vahI, 179 116 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23 / 83 117 AptamImAMsApadavRti vasunandI saiddhAMtika cakravartI 40 118 jJAnArNavaH, 3/6-8 119 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 10 / 4, pR. 629 120 prazamarati, 148 121 (ka) graMtharAja zrIpaMcAdhyAyI, 1013 (kha) pravacanasAra, 76 (ga) sarvArthasiddhi 7/10 (gha) duHkharahita sukha, kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA pU. 6358 122 zrImadrarAjacandra, patrAMka 718 Atmasiddhi 101, pR. 560 123 vahIM, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 100, pR. 560 124 vahI, Atmasiddhi 103, pR. 560 125 tattvArthasUtra 1/1 126 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/30 127 tattvArthasUtra zrImatI pUjA-prakAza chAbar3A, 1/1 128 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, a. 1 pariziSTa 4, pR. 162-163 129 tattvArthasUtra, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, 1/1, pR. 2 130 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/7 131 vahI, 28/6 132 tattvArthasUtra 5/29 133 AlApapaddhati, 9 134 jinadharmapravezikA, bra. yazapAla jaina, pR. 18 135 tattvArthasUtra, 5/16 136 sthAnAMgasUtravRtti, abhayadevasUri 51 137 jinadharmapravezikA, bra. yazapAla jaina, pR. 18 138 tattvArthasUtra 5 / 25 139 paMcAstikAya 84-85 140 vahI, 86 141 vahI, 90-91 142 vahI, 143 dekheM, jinadharmapravezikA, bra. yazapAla jaina, pR. 28-40 144 vahI, pR. 4-42 adhyAya 13: AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana 100-101 For Personal & Private Use Only 47
Page #850
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 145 sarvArthasiddhi, 1/2/10 146 tattvArthasUtra, rAmajIbhAI dozI, 1/4, pR. 19-20 147 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1944 148 labdhisAra, 3-4 149 vahI, 5 150 zrImadrAjacandra, patrAMka 718, Atmasiddhi 38, pR. 545 151 yogazataka, 13 152 adhyAtmopaniSad, 1/5 153 mokSamArgaprakAzaka, adhikAra 7, pR. 257 154 zrImadrAjacandra, zikSApATha 67, pR. 110 155 vahI, patrAMka 751, pR. 580 156 karmagraMtha, muni mizrImala, 2/2, pR. 17 157 dekheM, samayasAra, 144, pR. 202 158 karmagraMtha, muni mizrImala, 2/2, pR. 17 159 samayasAra, 144, pR. 202-203 160 (ka) labdhisAra, 35 (kha) ramyareNu, 2/2, pR. 72-92 (ga) gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 651 161 kaSAya, sA.hemaprajJAzrI, pR. 72 48 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 744 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #851
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 14 jIvana prabandhana ...eka sArAMza LIFE MANAGEMENT U A SUMMARI For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #852
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #853
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ adhyAya 14 jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza (A Summary of Life Management) mAnava-jIvana bahuAyAmI hai, ataH usake prabandhana hetu hameM jIvana ke vividha pakSoM ko samajhanA hogaa| punaH jIvana eka niSkriya astitva nahIM hai| jIvana kA artha hI sakriyatA hai aura sakriyatA vibhinna kSetroM meM rahatI hai| ataH jIvana-prabandhana ke aneka kSetra haiM, jina para prastuta zodha-prabandha meM hamane vicAra kiyA hai| __ jahA~ taka mAnava-jIvana kA prazna hai, usameM vAsanA aura viveka donoM hI aparihArya rUpa se rahe hue haiN| manuSya ko hama vivekayukta pazu (Man is a Rational Animal) kahakara paribhASita karate haiM, jo yaha siddha karatA hai ki usameM vAsanA aura viveka donoM hI tattva maujUda haiM, kintu mAnava-jIvana kI sArthakatA isI meM mAnI gaI hai ki usakI vAsanAoM para viveka kA aMkuza rhe| jIvana-prabandhana vastutaH jaivika-vAsanAoM para viveka kA aMkuza lagAne kA hI eka prayatna hai| yaha hameM eka samyak jIvana jIne kI kalA sikhAtA hai| yaha apane Apa meM eka vijJAna bhI hai aura kalA bhii| 'vijJAna' satya ko jAnane kA eka prayatna hai aura 'kalA' satya ko jIne kA eka prytn| jIvana-prabandhana jIvana jIne kI samyaka dizA kA bodha karAkara, use jIvana meM jIne kI eka kalA ke rUpa meM hI hamAre samakSa lAtA hai| yaha siddhAnta aura vyavahAra donoM hI hai, isIlie prastuta zodha-prabandha meM hamane jIvana-prabandhana ke saiddhAntika aura prAyogika donoM hI pakSoM kI carcA kI, lekina isa carcA meM hamArA AdhAra jaina jIvana-dRSTi rahA hai| . jIvana jInA sabhI cAhate haiM, kintu jIvana ko samyak prakAra se kaise jiyA jAe? yaha vicAra viraloM meM hI hotA hai| pazu apanI prakRti ke anurUpa jIvana jItA hai, kintu manuSya apanI prakRti se bhinna hokara bhI jIvana jI sakatA hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM iMgita kiyA hai, mAnava-jIvana ke do niyAmaka tattva haiM - vAsanA aura vivek| donoM kA samyak samanvaya jIvana-prabandhana hai aura kisI bhI eka pakSa kI ora ativAditA, yaha jIvana kI ucchRkhalatA kA hI eka rUpa hai, ataH jIvana-prabandhana se hamArA tAtparya yahI hai ki jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM ko eka vivekapUrNa dRSTi pradAna kI jaae| yadyapi Aja jIvana-prabandhana eka AvazyakatA bana gayA hai. kinta yaha Avazyaka isIlie hai ki 745 adhyAya 14 : jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #854
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana ko eka samyaka dizA pradAna kI jA sake aura vaha apanI AdhyAtmika U~cAiyoM ko prApta kara ske| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM iMgita kiyA hai ki jIvana jIne ke preraka tattvoM meM vAsanA aura viveka - donoM hI kAma karate haiM, kintu vartamAna bhautikavAdI yuga meM vAsanA pradhAna banatI jA rahI hai aura viveka gauNa hotA jA rahA hai| vAsanA kI yaha pradhAnatA hI manuSya ko pazu se bhI nIce girA detI hai| pazu-jIvana meM vAsanAoM kI pramukhatA to hotI hai, kintu vaha apanI vAsanAoM ko apanI prakRti se niyaMtrita karatA hai| prakRti ke niyamoM ko bhaMga karake vaha apanI vAsanA ke poSaNa kA prayAsa nahIM karatA, kintu manuSya kI yaha durbalatA hai ki vaha vAsanA ke poSaNa meM prAkRtika maryAdAoM ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai aura pariNAmataH pazu se bhI nIce gira jAtA hai| vartamAna yuga meM jIvana-prabandhana isIlie atyAvazyaka bana gayA hai ki hama apanI vAsanAoM para viveka kA aMkuza lagAnA sIkha leM, jIvana-prabandhana vastutaH isI kalA ko lekara Age AtA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha meM hamane jainadharma kI AdhyAtmika jIvanadRSTi ko sammukha rakhate hue jIvana-prabandhana ke kucha mArgadarzaka siddhAntoM aura unake prAyogika pakSoM ko prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM iMgita kiyA thA ki jIvana apane Apa meM bahuAyAmI hai| ataH yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki jIvana ke ina vividha AyAmoM ko khojakara, phira unake sandarbha meM jIvana jIne kI zailI kisa prakAra ho, isakI vistRta carcA kI jaae| mAnava-jIvana tathyoM aura AdarzoM kA sumela hai| hamAre lie jIvana jIne meM tathyoM kI pUrNa upekSA karanA sambhava nahIM hai, phira bhI unheM na to aniyaMtrita chor3A jA sakatA hai aura na binA viveka ke unakI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla huA jA sakatA hai| ataH prastuta zodha-prabandha meM hamane jIvana jina AdhAroM para khar3A hai, unakA Akalana karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| phira use kisa prakAra suniyojita kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAtha hI hamane jIvana jIne ke siddhAntoM ko vyavahAra meM kisa prakAra upasthita kiyA jAe, yaha bhI dekhane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura isa AdhAra para vyakti kI jIvanazailI kaisI ho, isakA mArgadarzana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, tAki vyakti vAsanAoM se Upara uThakara vivekapUrNa jIvana jI ske| yahA~ hameM yaha spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka lagatA hai ki prastuta prasaMga meM vAsanA kA artha mAtra kAma-vAsanA nahIM hai, apitu usameM jIvana jIne ke Avazyaka sabhI tattvoM ko samAhita kiyA gayA hai aura unakA parizodhana kisa prakAra ho yA unameM parizodhana kI sambhAvanAe~ kitanI haiM, yaha dekhane kA prayatna bhI kiyA gayA hai| ataH prastuta zodha-prabandha meM hamane na to tathyoM kI upekSA kI hai aura na hI AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM kA apanayana kiyA hai| hamane to prabandhana ke rUpa meM Adarza aura yathArtha ke bIca eka samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAtha hI, vyAvahArika stara para yaha bhI dekhane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki vaiyaktika, pArivArika, sAmAjika Adi jIvana-mUlyoM kI kahIM upekSA na ho| hamAre Adarza mAtra Adarza nahIM haiM, ve jIvana meM vyavahArya bhI haiM aura isIlie prastuta zodha-prabandha ke pratyeka adhyAya meM jahA~ eka ora AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlya ko dRSTi meM rakhA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unakI vyAvahArika upAdeyatA ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhA gayA hai| jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 746 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #855
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadharmadarzana aura nItizAstra mUlataH AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM kI bAta karate haiN| phira bhI, ve AdarzoM ko nirA Adarza na rakhakara jIvana meM vyavahArya bhI batAnA cAhate haiN| jainadharmadarzana kI anekAnta jIvanadRSTi yaha batAtI hai ki hama AdarzoM ko jIvana meM jIkara dikhA sakate haiN| ataH prastuta zodha-prabandha meM jainadharmadarzana ke tapa-tyAga ke jIvana-mUlyoM ko vyavahAra ke samAyojana kI dRSTi se hI rakhA gayA hai| yadyapi jainadarzana nivRttiparaka hai, tathApi vaha pravRtti kI pUrNa upekSA nahIM krtaa| vaha nivRttimUlaka pravRtti kI bAta karatA hai| jIvana-prabandhana bhoga kI maryAdAoM kA sImAMkana karake yahI batAtA hai ki hama kisa prakAra kA jIvana jie~, jisase hama AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI U~cAiyoM ko sparza kara skeN| isIlie hameM jahA~ eka ora jIvana ke mahattva ko samajhanA hogA, vahIM dUsarI ora jIvana ke prabandhana kI mahattA ko bhI svIkAra karanA hogaa| Aja kA yuga prabandhana kA yuga hai| prabandhana ko jIvana meM eka sthAna avazya milA hai, kintu hameM yaha kahate hue duHkha hotA hai ki hamAre samakSa prabandhana kA lakSya mAtra vAsanAtmaka jIvana-mUlyoM kI sampUrti taka hI sImita ho gayA hai| Aja jIvana meM artha aura kAma pramukha bana gae haiM tathA dharma aura mokSa gauNa ho gae haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA uddezya artha aura kAma ko dharma aura adhyAtma ke jIvana-mUlyoM se samanvita karanA hI rahA hai| isIlie hamane prastuta zodha-prabandha meM jIvana ke sabhI pramukha AyAmoM ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| yadyapi jIvana eka prakriyA hai aura vaha sadaiva parivartanazIla hai, phira bhI hamane yaha prayatna avazya kiyA hai ki vartamAna prasaMgoM meM jIvana ke vyavahAra kA kisa prakAra se prabandhana kiyA jAe ki vyakti jIvana ke sabhI pakSoM kA samyak mUlyAMkana evaM pariSkaraNa karatA huA AtmatoSa kA varaNa kara ske| prastuta zodha-prabandha meM hamane jIvana-prabandhana ke vividha AyAmoM ko samAhita karate hue unheM vividha kSetroM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, jaise - zikSA prabandhana, samaya-prabandhana, zarIra-prabandhana, abhivyakti(vANI)-prabandhana, tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana, paryAvaraNa-prabandhana, samAja-prabandhana, artha-prabandhana, bhogopabhoga-prabandhana, dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana aura aadhyaatmik-vikaas-prbndhn| isa prakAra jIvana ke sabhI pakSoM ke samyak prabandhana kI bAta isa zodha-grantha meM kI gaI hai, isalie prakArAntara se isameM bhAratIya jIvanazailI ke cAroM pakSoM - dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa , jinheM hindu-paramparA meM purUSArtha catuSTaya ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai, ko samAhita karate hue jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM ke prabandhana kI bAta kahI hai| vastutaH , jIvana jaba taka samyak rUpa se prabandhita nahIM hotA, taba taka jIvana jIne kI sArthakatA kI abhivyakti nahIM hotii| Age, hama yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kareMge ki jIvana ke ina sabhI AyAmoM ko jaina jIvanadRSTi se isa prakAra se prabandhita kiyA jAe ki mAnava isI jIvana meM AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlya ko AtmasAt karatA huA pragati kI dizA meM apane caraNa bar3hA ske| 747 adhyAya 14. jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAza For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #856
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prastuta zodha-prabandha ke prathama adhyAya jIvana - prabandhana kA patha kA prArambha hamane maMgalAcaraNa se kiyaa| usake pazcAt hamane jIvana- prabandhana kI AvazyakatA kyoM hai, isa bAta ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna karate hue kahA hai ki jIvana kA santulita, suvyavasthita aura samagra vikAsa ho, yaha pratyeka mAnava kI Antarika icchA hotI hai aura jIvana - prabandhana vastutaH isI lakSya kI pUrti kA eka prayAsa hai| isameM prabandhana kA tAtparya jIvana ke uddezyoM ko prApta karane ke lie upalabdha sImita saMsAdhanoM kA upayoga karane kI kalA hI hai aura isI ke mAdhyama se vyakti jIvana-mUlyoM ko AtmasAt kara sakatA hai 1 isake pazcAt hamane yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki jIvana kyA hai, jIvana ke vividha ghaTaka kauna-kauna se haiM, jIvana kA lakSaNa kyA hai aura jIvana kA lakSya kyA hai| isa prasaMga meM jainadarzana kI mAnyatA bahuta spaSTa hai ki jIne kI prakriyA jIvana hai; yaha jIvana mUlataH Atma-saMcAlita hotA hai, phira bhI vyAvahArika dRSTi se AtmA aura zarIra kA samanvita rUpa kahalAtA hai; jIvana kA lakSaNa prANa hai aura prANazakti kA saMtulita pravarttana hI jIvana kA parama lakSya hai / Age, yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki jIvana ke aneka AyAma (vizeSatAe~) haiM, jinheM dhyAna meM rakhakara jInA hI jIvana kI samyak dizA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM hamane sRSTi ke vividha jIvanarUpoM kI carcA bhI kI hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki mAnava-jIvana hI isa jagat kA sarvazreSTha rUpa hai, kyoMki isI meM jIvana -prabandhana kI sarvAdhika saMbhAvanAe~ chipI huI haiN| Age, jIvana jIne ke vividha tarIkoM yAni jIvanazailiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jisase jIvana- prabandhaka apane jIvana kA samyak mUlyAMkana kara nakArAtmaka jIvanazailiyoM se bacatA huA sakArAtmaka jIvanazailiyoM ko apanA sake aura yahI jIvana- prabandhana kA dhyeya bhI hai| jIvanazailiyoM ko pariSkRta karanA AsAna nahIM hai, ataH yahA~ prabandhana kI avadhAraNA ko samajhanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai aura isIlie prastuta adhyAya meM jIvana - prabandhana ke sandarbha meM Adhunika evaM jaina dRSTikoNoM se prabandhana ke mUla svarUpa ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA vyakti prabandhana kA upayoga audyogika, vyAvasAyika athavA kisI hada taka sAmAjika kSetroM meM hI karatA hai, ataH jIvana kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa nahIM ho paataa| isI kAraNa hamane prastuta adhyAya jIvana-prabandhana kI maulika avadhAraNA evaM jIvana - prabandhana ke samyak svarUpa ko suspaSTa karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA hai, jisake aMtargata yaha batAyA hai ki jIvana - prabandhana kI AvazyakatA Akhira kyoM hai, isakA jIvana meM kyA mahattva hai, isakA mUla uddezya kyA hai aura isa lakSya ki saMprApti meM sAdhaka evaM bAdhaka kAraNa kauna-kauna se haiN| jIvana atyanta jaTila hai, kyoMki jIvana ke zikSA, zarIra, vANI, samAja Adi vividha pahalU ekaka- dUsare meM gu~the hue haiN| isase jIvana- prabandhana atyanta kaThina ho jAtA hai, ataH isa adhyAya meM hamane jaina-dRSTi ko AdhAra banAkara jIvana - prabandhana kI saralatama praNAlI kaisI honI cAhie, isa bAta kI carcA bhI kI hai| Age hamane bhAratIya-darzanoM aura vizeSa rUpa se jainadarzana meM varNita purUSArtha-catuSTaya yAni, dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa purUSArthoM kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| yaha batAne kA vizuddha uddezya mAtra itanA hai ki vyakti ke samakSa jIvana - vikAsa ke ina cAroM AyAmoM kA jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva 4 For Personal & Private Use Only 748
Page #857
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMtulita sammilana ho aura jIvana-prabandhana kI prakriyA meM sarvAMgINatA A ske| isake pazcAt jIvana kI bahuAyAmitA kA varNana karate hue hamane jIvana-prabandhana ke vividha AyAmoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai, jaise - zikSA-prabandhana, samaya-prabandhana, zarIra-prabandhana, abhivyakti(vANI)-prabandhana, tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana, paryAvaraNa-prabandhana, samAja-prabandhana, artha-prabandhana, bhogopabhoga-prabandhana, dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana evaM aadhyaatmik-vikaas-prbndhn| ina vividha vidhAoM kI carcA to alaga-alaga adhyAya meM vistAra se kI hai, kintu prastuta adhyAya meM jIvana-prabandhana ke ina vividha AyAmoM ko spaSTa karate hue yahI batAyA hai ki jIvana eka bahuAyAmI prakriyA hai| ataH jIvana prabandhana ke lie vividha kSetroM yA jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM kA prabandhana Avazyaka hai| dUsarA adhyAya mUlataH jainadarzana aura AcArazAstra meM jIvana-prabandhana ke tattvoM ko spaSTa karane ke uddezya se likhA gayA hai| isameM sarvaprathama darzana aura AcArazAstra kA saha-sambandha batAyA gayA hai aura yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki nItivihIna darzana aura darzanavihIna nIti donoM hI sArthaka nahIM haiN| darzana aura nIti donoM ke saha-sambandha se hI jIvana-prabandhana kI yAtrA Age bar3hatI hai aura isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue Age jainaAcAramImAMsA ke uddezya ko prastuta karake jainaAcAramImAMsA aura jIvana-prabandhana ke sahasambandha ko samajhAyA gayA hai| nItivihIna jIvana, jIvana ke aprabandhana kI sthiti hai, jabaki nItiyukta jIvana, jIvana-prabandhana kA samyak svarUpa hai| isake pazcAt isa dvitIya adhyAya meM hamane jainaAcAramImAMsA meM jIvana-prabandhana ke jo mukhya tattva rahe hue haiM, unheM spaSTa karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki jainaAcAramImAMsA paMcAcAra ke mAdhyama se jIvana-prabandhana kI bAta karatI hai| jainadarzana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki yaha jJAna ko nirI sUcanA aura AsthA ko mAtra andhavizvAsa nahIM banAtA, apitu yaha kahatA hai ki saiddhAntika rUpa se jo kucha jAnA hai aura mAnA hai, use jIvana meM jI kara dikhAnA hogaa| jJAna aura darzana jaba taka jIvana se jur3ate nahIM haiM, taba taka ve mAtra sUcanA aura vizvAsa hI haiN| isa prakAra, jainaAcAramImAMsA mukhyataH samyak prakAra se jIvana jIne kI bAta karatI hai aura yahI usakI dRSTi meM jIvana-prabandhana kA mukhya tattva hai| isa adhyAya ke niSkarSa meM hamane yaha batAyA hai ki jainaAcArazAstra meM varNita paMcAcAra jIvana-prabandhana ke sabhI AyAmoM, jaise - zikSA-prabandhana, samaya-prabandhana, zarIra-prabandhana, abhivyakti(vANI)-prabandhana, tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM kA prabandhana, paryAvaraNa-prabandhana, samAja-prabandhana, artha-prabandhana, bhogopabhoga-prabandhana, dhArmika-vyavahAra-prabandhana evaM AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana ke prabandhana kI bAta karatA hai aura vyakti kA jIvana inake samyak prabandhana para nirbhara karatA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha ke prathama evaM dvitIya adhyAya mUlataH jaina jIvana-prabandhana kI bhUmikA rUpa hI haiN| Age, hamane jainaAcAramImAMsA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue tRtIya adhyAya se zikSA prabandhana, samaya-prabandhana, zarIra-prabandhana Adi kI bAta kahI hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA tRtIya adhyAya zikSA-prabandhana se sambandhita hai| isa adhyAya meM hamane sarvaprathama yahI batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki zikSA kA svarUpa kyA ho| isa adhyAya meM zikSA kA sAmAnya paricaya dene aura artha spaSTa karane ke adhyAya 14 : jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza 749 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #858
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prasaMga meM hamane yaha batalAyA hai ki jisa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM zikSA kA tAtparya 'sA vidyA yA vimuktaye' ke rUpa meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra jainagrantha RSibhASita meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'imA vijjA mahAvijjA..... sA vijjA dukkhamoyaNI' arthAt vahI vidyA saba vidyAoM meM uttama hai, jisakI sAdhanA se samasta duHkhoM se mukti milatI hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana zikSA ko sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM se mukta hone kA mAdhyama mAnatA hai| cU~ki duHkha - vimukti sabhI jIvoM kA sAmAnya lakSya hai, isIlie isa adhyAya ke prArambha meM hI yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki zikSA kI AvazyakatA kyoM hai aura zikSA ke mAdhyama se jIvana kA samyak vikAsa kaise sambhava hotA hai| isake pazcAt prastuta tRtIya adhyAya meM jainadRSTi se zikSA ke vividha AyAmoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isameM jahA~ eka ora laukika zikSA kI bAta kahI gaI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora AdhyAtmika zikSA kI bAta bhI kahI gaI hai| isa prasaMga meM hamane jaina, bauddha aura vaidika prAcIna zikSA - paddhatiyoM kI sAmAnya prastuti kI hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki vibhinna yugoM meM zikSA ke sambandha meM vividha dRSTiyA~ kyA rahI haiN| isa sAmAnya carcA ke pazcAt varttamAna yuga meM zikSA kA vikAsa kisa prakAra se huA hai aura isa hetu kauna-kauna se abhikaraNa (Agencies) astitva meM Ae haiM, inakI bhI carcA kI hai| sAtha hI varttamAna yuga meM zikSA ke vividha AyAma kyA haiM, inheM bhI batAyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt hamane varttamAna yuga kI zikSApraNAlI kI vizeSatAoM evaM kamiyoM, donoM kA hI samIkSAtmaka - dRSTi se adhyayana karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki AdhyAtmika - mUlyoM se rahita asantulita zikSA ke kyA duSpariNAma ho sakate haiN| isake pazcAt jainaAcAragranthoM kA AdhAra lete hue zikSA ke samyak prabandhana kI bAta kahI hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki laukika aura lokottara yA vyAvahArika aura AdhyAtmika zikSA ke samanvayana ke dvArA hI mAnava-jIvana kA samyak vikAsa sambhava hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA caturtha adhyAya samaya- prabandhana ko lekara hai| isa adhyAya meM hamane sarvaprathama samaya ke svarUpa tathA usakI vizeSatAoM ko spaSTa karate hue samaya kI sArvakAlika mahattA para bala diyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki manuSya ko eka sImita samaya jIvana jIne ke lie upalabdha hotA hai aura yaha usa para nirbhara karatA hai ki vaha usa samaya kA samyak upayoga karatA hai yA nahIM / samaya-prabandhana samaya ke samyak upayoga kI bAta karatA hai aura yaha batAtA hai ki jo vyakti samaya kA sadupayoga kara letA hai, vahI apane jIvana - vikAsa kI yAtrA ko Age bar3hA pAtA hai| isa prakAra prastuta adhyAya samaya kI sArvakAlika mahattA ko spaSTa karane ke bAda varttamAna yuga meM samaya -prabandhana kI kyA AvazyakatA hai aura kyA mahattva hai, isa bAta para bala detA hai| sAtha hI yaha batAtA hai ki samaya kA sadupayoga na karake avyasthita DhaMga se usakA durupayoga karane ke kyA-kyA duSpariNAma hote haiN| varttamAna yuga kI jo bhI pramukha samasyAe~ haiM, unameM samaya ke samyak upayoga na karane se janita samasyAe~ hI pradhAna haiN| isake pazcAt isa adhyAya meM hamane jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para samaya-prabandhana kI bAta kahI hai aura isI prasaMga meM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane pradhAna ziSya gautama ko samaya kA samyak sadupayoga karane kA upadeza kisa prakAra diyA thaa| isake 6 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 750 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #859
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pazcAt isa adhyAya meM samaya-prabandhana kisa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, isake prAyogika pakSa ko bhI sAmane rakhA gayA hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vividha kSetroM meM samaya-prabandhana ke sandarbha meM kisa prakAra ke Adarza (Models) upasthita kie jA sakate haiN| isa adhyAya kA sAra yahI hai ki vyakti samaya kA samyak sadupayoga karanA sIkhe aura samaya ko barbAda hone se bcaae| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA paMcama adhyAya zarIra-prabandhana se sambandhita hai| zarIra vastutaH, jIvana jIne kA eka mahattvapUrNa mAdhyama hai| zarIra ke abhAva meM na jIvana jiyA jA sakatA hai, na sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai| ataH jainaAcAramImAMsA meM zarIra-prabandhana ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki zarIra sAdhanA kA sAdhana hai, lekina yaha bhI utanA hI satya hai ki sAdhana ke abhAva meM sAdhya kI prApti bhI sambhava nahIM hai| isake pazcAt isa adhyAya meM zarIra ke kuprabandhana yA aprabandhana ke duSpariNAmoM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai tathA yaha batAyA hai ki AhAra sambandhI visaMgatiyA~ kisa prakAra se hamAre jIvana ko apane sAdhya se vimukha banA detI hai| isa prasaMga meM hamane AhAra, jala, prANavAyu, zrama-vizrAma, nidrA, svacchatA, sAja-sajjA evaM kAma-vAsanA sambandhI vikRta AcAroM kI vistAra se carcA karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki yadi zarIra kA samyak prabandhana karanA cAhate haiM, to hameM visaMgatiyoM se bacanA hogaa| vartamAna yuga meM bhogavAdI saMskRti ke pariNAmasvarUpa zarIra aura usase sambandhita vividha pakSoM kA samyak prabandhana nahIM ho pA rahA hai| ataH Aja zarIra ko kuprabandhana se bacAkara usake samyak prabandhana kI vizeSa AvazyakatA hai| ataH isI krama meM Age AhAra, jala, prANavAyu, zrama-vizrAma, nidrA, svacchatA, sAja-sajjA evaM kAma-vAsanA kA niyaMtraNa kisa prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai, ina tathyoM ko bhI vistAra se samajhAyA gayA hai| cUMki zarIra aura mana anyonyAzrita haiM, ataH isI adhyAya meM hamane manodaihika vikRtiyoM kI carcA karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki manodaihika-prabandhana kisa prakAra se ho sakatA hai| isI prasaMga meM hamane zarIra-prabandhana ke prAyogika pakSoM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki zarIra-prabandhana ke binA dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanAe~ sambhava nahIM haiN| ataH samyak zarIra-prabandhana eka Avazyaka tattva hai, kyoMki svastha zarIra meM hI svastha AtmA kA nivAsa sambhava hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA SaSThama adhyAya abhivyakti-prabandhana se sambandhita hai| isa prasaMga meM hamane sabase pahale sAMketika-abhivyakti aura bhASika-abhivyakti ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki vANI ke samyak prayoga ke binA vyakti kA jIvana pAzavikatA kI ora bar3ha jAtA hai| abhivyakti ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAMketika-abhivyakti mUlataH nimnastara ke prANiyoM meM pAI jAtI hai, jabaki sAMketika-abhivyakti ke sAtha-sAtha bhASika-abhivyakti vizeSa rUpa se mAnava prajAti meM hI pAI jAtI hai| vastutaH, manuSya kI bhASika-abhivyakti kI zakti bhI eka mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai| yahA~ para yaha samajhanA jarurI hai ki bhASika-abhivyakti yadi samyaka dizA meM niyojita nahIM hotI hai, to usake bhayaMkara duSpariNAma bhI sAmane Ate haiM, ataH isa adhyAya meM bhASika-abhivyakti kA mahattva spaSTa karane ke bAda asaMyamita bhASika-abhivyakti ke duSpariNAmoM kI vizeSa rUpa se carcA kI gaI hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jainaAcArazAstra meM bhASika-abhivyakti kA 751 adhyAya 14 : jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #860
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samyak prabandhana karane hetu kauna-kauna se sUtra die gae haiN| yaha satya hai ki mAnava-jIvana meM yadi vyakti ko abhivyakti kA avasara hI nA mile, to vaha tanAvagrasta ho jAtA hai, kintu vaha abhivyakti cAhe sAMketika ho yA bhASika, yadi samyak rUpa se prayukta nahIM kI jAtI hai, to mAnava jAti ko vikAsa ke sthAna para patana kI ora le jAtI hai| jainacintakoM ne bhI yaha batAyA hai ki draupadI kI asaMyamita bhASika-abhivyakti ne mahAbhArata jaise yuddha ko janma diyaa| jainaAgamoM vizeSa rUpa se AcArAMga aura dazavaikAlika meM isa bAta para bahuta bala diyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko apanI bhASika-abhivyakti ke sandarbha meM kitanA sajaga rahanA caahie| vANI kA kuprabandhana kisa prakAra ke anarthoM ko janma detA hai, yaha carcA bhI prastuta adhyAya meM jainaAcAramImAMsA ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhASika-abhivyakti kA samyak prayoga manuSya ko kisa prakAra se karanA cAhie aura isa sandarbha meM hamane jainagranthoM ke AdhAra para bhASika-abhivyakti kI eka Adarza niyamAvalI (Model) bhI prastuta kI hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA saptama adhyAya tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAroM ke prabandhana se sambandhita hai| Aja yaha eka suspaSTa tathya hai ki samagra mAnavatA tanAvagrasta hai aura yaha bhI satya hai ki vaha tanAva se mukti cAhatI hai, kintu tanAva se mukti ke samyak mArga ke avalambana se Aja vaha vaMcita hai| yaha eka satya hai ki tanAva evaM mAnasika vikAra kI janmabhUmi mAnava-mana hI hai| ataH isa adhyAya meM sarvaprathama bhAratIya-darzana aura vizeSa rUpa se jainadarzana meM mana kA kyA svarUpa hai, ise vistAra se batAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki jIvana ko samyak prakAra se jIne meM mana kA kitanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| AcAramImAMsA aura vizeSa rUpa se jainaAcAramImAMsA kI dRSTi se mana ko hI bandhana aura mukti kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| maNasA uveti visae, maNaseva ya sanniyattae tesu| iti vi hu ajjhatthasamo, baMdho visayA na u pamANaM / / isa prakAra, hamane jIvana vyavahAra evaM sAdhanA meM mana ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki mana kA samyak prabandhana na hone se hI vividha mAnasika vikAroM vizeSa rUpa se tanAva, avasAda Adi manorogoM kA janma hotA hai aura vyakti ko inake duSpariNAmoM ko bhoganA par3atA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM prasaMgAnurUpa manovikAroM ke bahiraMga evaM aMtaraMga kAraNoM kI vistAra se carcA tathA samIkSA kI gaI hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki tanAva bhI eka manovikAra hI hai| tanAva ko spaSTa karane kI dRSTi se Age hamane yaha likhA hai ki tanAva kA svarUpa kyA hai, yaha kahA~ aura kyoM utpanna hotA hai aura isase mukti kaise prApta kI jA sakatI hai, isakI carcA hamane jainaAcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM mana-prabandhana ko lekara kI hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki mana-prabandhana kA eka samyak Adarza (Model) kyA aura kisa rUpa meM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra, yaha adhyAya na kevala tanAva aura mAnasika vikAroM kI carcA karatA hai, apitu unase vimukti kisa prakAra sambhava hai, isakI bhI carcA karatA hai| vastutaH, Aja dharma jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 752 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #861
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aura sAdhanA kA koI artha hai, to yahI hai ki jo vyakti, parivAra aura samAja ko jo tanAva se mukta rakhe, vahI samyak sAdhanA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA aSTama adhyAya paryAvaraNa-prabandhana se sambandhita hai| vyakti aura samAja kA vikAsa paryAvaraNa se nirapekSa nahIM hotA, ataH isa adhyAya meM sarvaprathama hamane yaha samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki paryAvaraNa kyA hai? vastutaH , paryAvaraNa vaha samagra paridRzya hai, jisameM vyakti ke jIvana kA vikAsa aura nirmANa hotA hai| jisa prakAra kA paryAvaraNa yA pariveza hogA, usI ke AdhAra para vyakti, samAja tathA saMskRti kA vikAsa hogaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki araba deza meM zava ko daphanAne kI aura bhArata Adi meM zava ko jalAne kI jo paramparAe~ vikasita huI haiM, unakA AdhAra vahA~ kA paryAvaraNa hI rahA hai| retIle pradezoM meM bhUmi kI vipulatA thI, kintu vana-sampadA kA abhAva thA, ataH unake sAmane zava ko daphanAne ke atirikta koI vikalpa nahIM thaa| dUsarI ora bhArata jaise vanoM se paripUrNa deza meM khulI bhUmi kI kamI aura kASTha Adi kI vipulatA ke kAraNa yahA~ zavoM ko jalAne kI paramparA vikasita huii| ataH yaha eka sarvamAnya tattva hai ki vyakti, samAja aura saMskRti kA vikAsa paryAvaraNa-nirapekSa nahIM hotA hai| paryAvaraNa se vyakti kA khAna-pAna aura usakI upAsanA paddhatiyA~ bhI prabhAvita hotI haiN| jIvana meM jala ko mahattva dene ke kAraNa hindu-saMskRti ke tIrthoM kA vikAsa mukhyataH nadiyoM ke kinAre huA, jabaki dhyAna-sAdhanA para bala dene vAle jainadharmadarzana meM tIrtha kSetroM ke rUpa meM pahAr3a kI coTiyoM ko adhika pasanda kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki paryAvaraNa kA sArvajanika, sArvakAlika evaM sArvabhaumika mahattva hai| prastuta adhyAya meM hamane use hI iMgita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| yaha eka sunizcita tathya hai ki Aja paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke duSpariNAmoM se mAnava-saMskRti atyadhika prabhAvita huI hai aura sthiti yahA~ taka pahu~ca gaI hai ki yadi paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa kA gayA to mAnava jAti kA astitva bhI khatare meM par3a sakatA hai| dhyAna-sAdhanAe~ bhI paryAvaraNa ke sundara paridRzya meM adhika sahaja aura saphala hotI haiN| ataH na kevala jIvana jIne ke lie, apitu sAdhanA ke lie bhI paryAvaraNa kA atimahattva hai| paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke duSpariNAma Aja mAnavatA ko kahA~ taka prabhAvita kara rahe haiM, yaha carcA karate hue prastuta zodha-prabandha meM yaha dikhAyA gayA hai ki jainaAcAramImAMsA meM paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa ke tattva prAcIna kAla se hI upasthita rahe haiN| sAtha hI isa carcA ke pUrva isa bAta ko bhI iMgita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa ke mUlabhUta kAraNa kyA haiM aura jainaAcAramImAMsA meM una kAraNoM ke nirAkaraNa kA prayatna kisa rUpa meM huA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA kA SaTkAyika jIvoM kI ahiMsA kA siddhAnta paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa yA paryAvaraNa-prabandhana kA eka samyaka upAya hai, kyoMki jaina-paramparA ne SaTjIvanikAyoM meM vanaspati ko bhI jIvana kA eka rUpa mAnA hai aura unakI hiMsA se bacane kA nirdeza diyA hai| Aja vRkSoM ke saMrakSaNa evaM vanoM ke vikAsa kI jo bAta kahI jA rahI hai, usa sambandha meM jaina-cintaka prAcIna kAla se hI jAgarUka rahe haiN| jainAcAryoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne Atmaupamya-dRSTi se sabhI jIvanikAyoM ke saMrakSaNa kI bAta kahI hai| ve yaha mAnate rahe haiM ki pRthvI, pAnI, vanaspati Adi sabhI 753 adhyAya 14 : jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #862
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana se yukta haiN| ataH unakA vinAza jIvana kA vinAza hai| jainadarzana prAraMbhika kAla se hI yaha mAnatA rahA hai ki jIvana pArasparika saMvAda ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu pArasparika sahayoga ke AdhAra para calatA hai ( parasparopagraho jIvAnAm ) / jIvana kA vikAsa aura jIvana kA saMrakSaNa jIvana ke anya rUpoM ke pArasparika sahayoga para hI nirbhara hai| jaise prANI jagat ko jIvana jIne ke lie oNksIjana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, isa oNksIjana kA visarjana vanaspati- jagat karatA hai, vaise hI vanaspati - jagat ko jIvana jIne ke lie kArbana-DAI-oNksAIDa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jisakA visarjana prANI-jagat karatA hai| isI prakAra vanaspati ke phalAdi se prANIya-jIvana apanA poSaNa pAtA hai, to prANiyoM ke mala, mUtra Adi ke utsarjana se vanaspati- jagat kA jIvana calatA hai| ataH jIvana ke vividha rUpoM ke prati sahayoga kI bhAvanA hI paryAvaraNa - prabandhana kA eka samyak upAya sakatI hai| jainAcAryoM ne paryAvaraNa - prabandhana ke prAyogika pakSa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhUmi saMrakSaNa, jala-saMrakSaNa, agni-saMrakSaNa, vAyu-saMrakSaNa, vanaspati-saMrakSaNa aura trasajIva - saMrakSaNa kI bAta kahI hai| vastutaH, ina sabhI se milakara paryAvaraNa banatA hai, ataH paryAvaraNa- prabandhana ke lie inakA saMrakSaNa Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina - paramparA apane AdikAla se hI paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa evaM paryAvaraNa-prabandhana ke lie sajaga rahI hai| Aja bhI jaina jIvanazailI bhUmi, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ke sImita upayoga para hI bala detI hai, jo ki paryAvaraNa - prabandhana kA eka Avazyaka prAyogika pakSa hai / prastuta zodha-prabandha kA navama adhyAya samAja - prabandhana ko lekara hai / isa adhyAya meM sarvaprathama samAja ke svarUpa aura mahattva para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vastutaH, vyakti aura samAja eka-dUsare ke Azrita hI haiM, vyakti ke binA samAja kI aura samAja ke binA vyakti kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / vyakti aura samAja kA yaha saha-astitva hameM yaha batAtA hai ki samAja kI upekSA karake vyakti aura vyakti kI upekSA karake samAja nahIM cala sakatA, ataH jIvana - prabandhana ke lie samAja-prabandhana Avazyaka hai| sAmAjika saMracanA ke lie jo vividha AyAma astitva meM haiM, ve vyakti - sApekSa hI haiN| vyakti-nirapekSa samAja aura samAja-nirapekSa vyakti, donoM hI eka ayathArtha kalpanA hai| sAmAjika - avyavasthA kA prabhAva vyakti ke jIvana para par3atA hai aura vyakti kI avyavasthita jIvanazailI kA prabhAva samAja-vyavasthA para par3atA hai| ataH isa adhyAya meM hamane sAmAjika - avyavasthA ke duSpariNAmoM kI vistAra se carcA kI hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki jaba taka samAja santulita evaM suvyavasthita nahIM hogA, taba taka vaiyaktika jIvana - vikAsa bhI samyak dizA kI ora agrasara nahIM ho sktaa| samAja-prabandhana kA mUlabhUta uddezya yahI hai ki usake ghaTaka rUpa vyakti kA vikAsa bhI eka samyak dizA meM ho| isIlie isa adhyAya meM sAmAjika cetanA ke samyak vikAsa ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| sAmAjika - sambandhoM kI nirmalatA hI samAja - prabandhana kA Adarza hai / samAja pArasparika - sadbhAvanAoM para AdhArita hokara pragati karatA hai, ataH AcAra ke kSetra meM jaina - paramparA ne to sadaiva maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya evaM mAdhyasthya bhAvoM kI bAta kI hai| ye sabhI sAmAjika cetanA aura sAmAjika sadbhAvanA ke vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka tattva mAne gae haiN| vyakti aura samAja ke sambandhoM 754 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 10 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #863
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ko lekara jainAgama anekAnta-dRSTi ko mahattva detA hai aura yaha kahatA hai ki sAmAjika-prabandhana anekAnta-dRSTi ke AdhAra para hI saphala ho sakatA hai| samAja ke sabhI sadasyoM kI yogyatA aura ruci meM vaividhya pAyA jAtA hai, ataH sAmAjika-prabandhana meM unakI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| sAmAjika jIvana ke do pakSa haiM - svArtha evaM parArtha, lekina jainAcAryoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki svArtha aura parArtha ke pArasparika sAmaMjasya se hI paramArtha kA vikAsa hotA hai| jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki svahita aura lokahita donoM hI apekSita haiM, lekina naitika aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM arthAt paramArtha kI upekSA karake ina donoM meM samyak samanvaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| paramArtha meM svArtha aura parArtha donoM hI samAhita hote haiN| paramArtha ke kSetra meM jo pArasparika sahayoga evaM lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA rahI hai, vahI samAja-prabandhana kA mUlabhUta AdhAra hai, isIlie jainadarzana meM dAna ke sthAna para saMvibhAjana kI bAta kahI gaI hai| hamAre pAsa jo atirikta saMcaya hai, usa para mAtra hamArA hI adhikAra nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ucita upayoga ke pazcAt jo bacata ke rUpa meM hamAre pAsa rahatA hai, vaha vyaktigata mAlakiyata kA viSaya nahIM hai| ataH saMvibhAjana sAmAjika vyavasthA kA eka Adarza rUpa hai| isa prakAra, jainadarzana dAna ko saMvibhAjana ke rUpa meM hI mAnyatA detA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti jo bhI detA hai, vaha vastutaH jisa para dUsaroM kA adhikAra hai, use hI detA hai| isase dAna ke sAtha ahaMkAra kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa nahIM hotaa| isa saiddhAntika-carcA ke sAtha-sAtha hamane prastuta adhyAya meM prAyogika-carcA kA bhI pakSa rakhA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki jIvana meM kina-kina sUtroM kA pAlana karane se sAmAjika-prabandhana sampUrNa rUpa se sampanna ho sakatA hai| sAmAjika-prabandhana eka siddhAnta hI nahIM, apitu yaha eka vyAvahArika bAta hai| jaina-paramparA meM isa dRSTi se zrAvaka ke paiMtIsa mArgAnusArI guNoM kI carcA huI hai| ataH isa adhyAya ke anta meM hamane yaha batAyA hai ki ve kauna-se pramukha bindu haiM, jinakA pAlana karake vyakti samAja-prabandhana ko saphala banA sakatA hai| isa sambandha meM prastuta adhyAya ke anta meM hamane lagabhaga chihattara (76) binduoM vAlI Adarza niyamAvalI (Model) kI carcA kI hai, jo sAmAjika-prabandhana aura sAmAjika-zAnti kA AdhAra bana sakatI haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandhana kA dazama adhyAya artha-prabandhana se sambandhita hai, ataH isa adhyAya meM artha kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karate hue artha kA jIvana meM kyA mahattva evaM sthAna hai, ise spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaina jIvana-dRSTi jIvana ke lie artha ke mahattva ko svIkAra karatI hai, kintu vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki artha jIvana jIne kA eka sAdhana hai| jaba isa sAdhana ko hI sAdhya mAna liyA jAtA hai, taba asantulita, avyavasthita evaM amaryAdita arthanIti kA vikAsa hotA hai aura isake duSpariNAma mAnava jAti ko bhogane par3ate haiN| Aja jo upabhoktAvAdI-saMskRti kA vikAsa huA hai, vaha isI arthanIti kA duSpariNAma hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA meM isa bAta para adhika bala diyA gayA hai ki artha eka sAdhana hai, use kabhI sAdhya nahIM banAnA cAhie, kyoMki jaba artha sAdhya ho jAtA hai, to phira dharma aura mokSa donoM arthahIna ho jAte haiN| jainaAcAradarzana meM artha-prabandhana ke lie parigraha kI maryAdA kI bAta kahI gaI hai aura parigraha kI carcA karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki parigraha do prakAra kA hotA hai - aMtaraMga evaM 755 adhyAya 14 : jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza 11 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #864
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhirNg| vastue~ bAhya-parigraha haiM, kintu saMcaya kI vRtti aMtaraMga parigraha hai| saMcaya kI vRtti para aMkuza lagAkara bAhya-parigraha kA sImAMkana karanA hI jainadaSTi se artha-prabandhana kI eka pramakha prakriyA hai| ise jainAcAryoM ne parigrahaparimANa-vrata kI saMjJA dI hai| Age, isI adhyAya meM hamane yaha to svIkAra kiyA hai ki AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie artha kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, kintu vyakti ko yaha nirNaya karanA hotA hai ki vaha AvazyakatAoM kA samyaka nirdhAraNa karake unakI pUrti kA samyak prayatna kre| jainaAcAramImAMsA isa bAta para bala detI hai ki jIvana-saMrakSaNa kI AvazyakatA to hai, kintu vilAsitApUrNa jIvana eka durvyavasthA hai| ucita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie saMsAdhanoM kA prayoga to Avazyaka hai, kintu isa sandarbha meM sImAMkana bhI Avazyaka hai aura isIlie prastuta adhyAya meM hamane grahaNa-prabandhana, surakSA prabandhana, upabhoga-prabandhana aura saMgraha-prabandhana kI bAta kahI hai, kyoMki artha-prabandhana kA AdhAra ye tattva hI haiN| vyAvahArika rUpa se artha-prabandhana kA prAyogika-pakSa kyA hai, isa sandarbha meM artha-prabandhana ke pA~ca sopAnoM kI carcA kI hai| ye pA~coM sopAna vastutaH AvazyakatAoM aura icchAoM ke kramazaH sImitIkaraNa para AdhArita haiN| jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki icchAe~ ananta haiM, ataH artha ke mAdhyama se icchAoM kI sampUrti kabhI bhI sambhava nahIM hai| icchAoM kI apekSA AvazyakatAe~ sImita hotI haiM aura inakI pUrti bhI sambhava hai| ataH artha-prabandhana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama AvazyakatAoM kI sampUrti kA prayatna to kareM, kintu icchAoM ke pIche bhAgeM nhiiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA ekAdaza adhyAya bhogopabhoga-prabandhana se sambandhita hai| jIvana jIne ke lie bhogopabhoga Avazyaka hai, bhogopabhoga ke abhAva meM jIvana sambhava nahIM hai| ataH bhogopabhoga kA jIvana meM kitanA mahattva hai, yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai| prastuta adhyAya meM hamane isa bAta ko samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki AvazyakatAoM kI sampUrti to Avazyaka hai, para icchAoM kI sampUrti sambhava nhiiN| ataH hameM bhogopabhoga ke sandarbha meM upabhoktAvAdI yA bhogavAdI jIvana-dRSTi se bacanA hogaa| vartamAna vizva meM jisa bhoga-saMskRti kA vikAsa huA hai, usakA AdhAra asantulita, avyavasthita evaM amaryAdita bhogopabhoga kI jIvanazailI hai| yaha jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM para AdhArita na hokara indriyoM kI viSayAkAMkSAoM ke AdhAra para vikasita huI hai aura isa upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti ke duSpariNAma Aja samagra mAnavatA bhoga rahI hai| Aja ke vyAvasAyika-jagat kA sUtra bhI yahI ho gayA hai ki 'anAvazyaka AvazyakatA bar3hAo, apanA mAla khapAo aura munAphA kmaao'| jainaAcAramImAMsA isa jIvana-dRSTi kA vizeSa virodha karatI huI eka maryAdita bhogopabhoga kI nIti ko prastuta karatI hai| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki khAnA Avazyaka hai, kintu vaha svAda ke lie nahIM, svAsthya ke lie honA cAhie aura viSaya-vAsanAoM ke lie nahIM, samyak jIvana-prabandhana ke lie honA caahie| prastuta adhyAya meM hamane yaha batAyA hai ki jIvana meM bhogopabhoga kA mahattva hai, kintu jIne ke lie khAnA yA khAne ke lie jInA - ina do vikalpoM meM se mAnava ko eka vikalpa kA cayana karanA hogaa| vizva meM Aja jisa upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti kA vikAsa huA hai, usake phalasvarUpa asantulita, avyavasthita evaM amaryAdita bhogopabhoga kI vRddhi huI hai, jisake duSpariNAmoM ko hama bhoga rahe haiN| isIlie jainaAcAramImAMsA 12 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 756 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #865
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhogopabhoga ke samyak prabandhana kI bAta karatI hai aura kahatI hai ki bhogopabhoga karane ke pUrva samyak dRSTikoNa ke vikAsa kI AvazyakatA hai| jainaAcAramImAMsA ke bhogopabhoga-prabandhana sambandhI saiddhAntika evaM prAyogika pakSa ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna bhI hamane isa zodha-prabandha meM kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM pratyeka iMdriya ke viSayoM kA saMyamana kisa prakAra se ho, yaha batAyA gayA hai, jaise - jIvana jIne ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai, kintu AhAra kA lakSya svasthatA hai, na ki svaad| AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi sUtroM ke AdhAra para hamane yaha batAyA hai ki iMdriyoM se unake viSayoM kA samparka hone para hama unameM utpanna hone vAle pArasparika sambandhoM ko nahIM roka sakate, jaise - A~kha hogI to rUpa dikhAI degA hii| jainaAcAramImAMsA kA kahanA hai ki bhogopabhoga-prabandhana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki bhogopabhoga ke jo bhI viSaya hamArI iMdriyoM ke samparka meM Ate haiM, unake prati hamAre citta meM rAga-dveSa kI vRtti na ho| iMdriyoM kA apane viSaya se samparka rokA nahIM jA sakatA, kintu una viSayoM ke prati rAga-dveSa bhAvoM kI caryA ko niyaMtrita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH isa adhyAya meM hamane yaha batAyA hai ki iMdriyoM kA samparka apane viSaya se nahIM rokanA, apitu usa samparka ke pariNAmasvarUpa jagane vAle rAga-dveSa yA icchAoM kA samyak prabandhana karanA hai| ataH prastuta adhyAya meM hamane bhogopabhoga-prabandhana pra prakriyA kA tathA usa prakriyA ke vibhinna staroM kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki bhogopabhoga kA prabandhana kisa prakAra sambhava ho sakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM bhogopabhoga ke parisImana kI jo prakriyA jaina-AgamoM meM milatI hai, usakA bhI hamane nirdeza kiyA hai| jIvana jIne ke lie maryAdita bhogopabhoga Avazyaka ho sakate haiM, kintu unmukta bhogopabhoga kI vRtti kA parisImana to Avazyaka hai| isa sandarbha meM jaina jIvana-dRSTi hameM yaha kahatI hai ki bhogopabhoga kI pravRtti ko maryAdita karanA siikheN| __ prastuta zodha-prabandha kA bArahavAM adhyAya jIvana ke dhArmika-vyavahAroM ke prabandhana se sambandhita hai| isa adhyAya ke prArambha meM hamane yaha batAyA hai ki dharma mAnava-jIvana kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| jisa prakAra manuSya ko jIvana meM artha-prApti evaM bhogoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra usake jIvana meM dhArmika-vyavahAra bhI jarurI haiM, ataH jIvana ke samyak prabandhana ke lie dhArmika-vyavahAroM kA prabandhana bhI Avazyaka hai| isa sandarbha meM hamArI prAthamika AvazyakatA yaha hai ki vyakti ko dharma ke samyak svarUpa kA bodha ho, ataH isa adhyAya ke prArambha meM hamane dharma kI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM evaM paribhASAoM ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki dharma kA mAnava-jIvana meM kitanA mahattva evaM sthAna hai| dharma kI mahattA ko pratipAdita karate hue hamane isa prasaMga meM isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki artha aura bhoga ko niyaMtrita karane ke lie tathA mokSa kI prApti karane ke lie jIvana meM dharma kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| isI paricarcA ko Age bar3hAte hue prastuta zodha-prabandha ke isa adhyAya meM dharma ko eka jIvana-mUlya ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna paramparA meM jo vividha jIvana-mUlya mAne gae haiM, unameM naitika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM kA sambandha dharma se hI hai| dUsarI ora jIvana-mUlya ke sandarbha meM bhAratIya-paramparA meM jo purUSArtha-catuSTaya kI avadhAraNA hai, usameM bhI 757 adhyAya 14 : jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #866
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dharma ko eka mahattvapUrNa purUSArtha mAnA gayA hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM saMketa kiyA hai ki bhAratIya cintana meM jahA~ eka ora dharma ko artha aura bhoga kA niyantraka tattva mAnA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora ise mokSa-prApti kA sAdhana bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya jIvana-darzana meM dharma sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM hI hai| isI adhyAya meM dharma ke samyak svarUpa, usake mahattva aura jIvana-mUlya ke rUpa meM usakI upayogitA ko pratipAdita karane ke pazcAt hamane yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki avyavasthita dharmanIti ke kyA duSpariNAma hote haiM? sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA, dhArmika unmAda, rUDhI-pradhAnatA, pradarzana aura ahaM kI santuSTi ke prayatna avyavasthita dharma-nIti ke hI duSpariNAma haiN| Aja dharma ke nAma para jo durAgraha, sAMpradAyika saMkIrNatA, AtaMkavAda Adi dekhe jAte haiM, ve saba avyavasthita dharma-nIti aura dharma ke samyak svarUpa kA bodha na hone ke kAraNa hI utpanna ho rahe haiN| yaha satya hai ki dhArmika-jIvana meM zraddhA pramukha tattva hai, kintu jaba dharma andharUr3hiyoM aura andhavizvAsoM se grasta ho jAtA hai, to usake duSpariNAmoM ko sahane ke lie mAnavatA bAdhya hotI hai| ina duSpariNAmoM se hama dhArmika sahiSNutA aura sadbhAva ke dvArA hI baca sakate haiN| ataH prastuta adhyAya meM dhArmika sahiSNutA aura sadbhAva ke sambandha meM jainAcAryoM kA kyA dRSTikoNa rahA hai, ise spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| dharma mAtra eka rUr3higata vyavahAra yA andhavizvAsa bana kara na rahe, isa sandarbha meM jainadharma aura jainaAcAramImAMsA meM dharma-sAdhanA ke jo samyak sUtra prastuta kie gae haiM, una para bhI hamane prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki Aja dhArmika-vyavahAra ko dhArmika andharUr3hiyoM aura andhavizvAsa se mukta kara vaijJAnika aura AdhyAtmika AdhAra para khar3A karanA hogaa| vaijJAnika aura AdhyAtmika AdhAra para sthita dhArmika-vyavahAra kA suniyojana hI prastuta adhyAya kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya hai| isI dRSTi se hamane dhArmika-vyavahAra ke samyak prayojana ko pratiSThita karane ke lie vyAvahArika jIvana-dRSTi aura vyAvahArika prayatna bhI abhisUcita kie haiN| inakA jIvana meM prayoga kara mAnavatA ko dhArmika-andhavizvAsoM, dhArmika-unmAdoM aura dhArmika AtaMkavAda se bacAyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra prastuta adhyAya meM hamArA niSkarSa yahI hai ki dhArmika-vyavahAra suniyojita ho, tAki vaha mAnava jAti meM zAnti aura sadbhAva kA vikAsa kara ske| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA terahavAM adhyAya AdhyAtmika-vikAsa aura jIvana-prabandhana se sambandhita hai| isa adhyAya meM sarvaprathama adhyAtma ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue adhyAtma kA kyA svarUpa ho, yaha samajhAyA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika-vikAsa se hamArA tAtparya Atmika sukha aura zAnti kI prApti hI hai| Aja mAnavatA mukhya rUpa se tanAva se grasta hai| vyakti kA vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana tanAva se grasta hone ke kAraNa azAnta hai| Aja jina logoM aura dezoM ke pAsa bhautika-sampadA kA jamAva hai, ve bhI apane Apako tanAvagrasta pA rahe haiN| vyakti aura samAja hI nahIM, Aja pUrA vizva tanAva se grasta hai aura kisI eka vyakti kA bhautika pAgalapana samagra mAnava ke astitva ke vinAza kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai| Aja vizva meM bAharI zAnti kI bAta to kI jA rahI hai, kintu vyakti ke azAnta citta ke parizodhana kA koI prayatna nahIM ho rahA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke svarUpa ko spaSTa jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 758 14 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #867
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karate hue hamane yaha batAyA hai ki sukha aura zAnti kevala bAhya jIvana ke hI tattva nahIM haiN| yadi vyakti svayaM tanAvagrasta hogA, to vaha dUsaroM ko bhI tanAvagrasta bnaaegaa| ataH samyak jIvana-prabandhana ke lie vyakti ko AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM prayatna karanA hogaa| AdhyAtmika-vikAsa se hamArA tAtparya kevala yaha hai ki vyakti bhautika icchAoM, AkAMkSAoM evaM vAsanAoM se Upara uThe aura Atmika-zAnti ko prApta ho| dUsare zabdoM meM, vaha tanAvamukta ho, isI dRSTi se Age calate hue hamane yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie sAdhya sAdhana aura sAdhaka kI ekarUpatA Avazyaka hai| Aja sAdhya ko to mahattva diyA jA rahA hai, lekina sAdhana evaM sAdhaka para koI vicAra nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| jaina jIvana-dRSTi hameM yaha batAtI hai ki sAdhya evaM sAdhana donoM kI pavitratA para dhyAna denA hogA aura yaha pavitratA sAdhaka ke jIvana kI pavitratA para AdhArita hogii| mAtra sAdhya ko lakSya meM rakhakara calane se kahIM na kahIM galata sAdhanoM ko apanAne kI bAta bhI uTha jAtI hai, jabaki jainadRSTi yaha mAnatI hai ki samyak sAdhanA se hI samyak sAdhya kI prApti sambhava hai| yaha satya hai ki vyakti ke AdhyAtmika-vikAsa aura jIvana jIne ke vibhinna stara hote haiN| jainadharma meM AdhyAtmika-jIvana ke ina vibhinna staroM kI vistAra se carcA huI hai, prastuta adhyAya meM bhI hamane saMkSepa meM AdhyAtmika-vikAsa ke ina vibhinna staroM kI carcA kI hai| jaina jIvana-darzana meM AdhyAtmika-vikAsa ke jo vibhinna stara batAe gae haiM, unameM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA - ye tIna pramukha haiN| rAga-dveSa aura kaSAyoM kI upazAntatA evaM bhautika AkarSaNoM ke prati nirliptatA se hI vyakti ke AdhyAtmika jIvana kA vikAsa hotA hai. ise jainadarzana meM kaSAyoM kI mandatA aura rAga-dveSa kI upazAntatA ke AdhAra para samajhAyA gayA hai| isameM anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnI, pratyAkhyAnI evaM saMjvalana - ye cAra stara batAe gae haiM, punaH inhIM kaSAyoM kI tIvratA evaM mandatA ke AdhAra para jainadarzana meM karma-kSaya kI dasa avasthAoM tathA guNasthAnoM kI caudaha avasthAoM kI carcA huI hai, jisakA hamane saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA hai| AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA kI visaMgatiyoM kI carcA karate hue hamane yahI batAyA hai ki rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyA~ evaM kaSAya hI AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA meM bAdhA utpanna karatI haiN| ataH jainadharma aura AcArazAstra ke AdhAra para hamane yaha samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana ke lie hameM AkAMkSAoM, icchAoM evaM apekSAoM tathA rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAyoM kI vRtti se Upara uThanA hogA aura inase Upara uThane kA prayatna hI AdhyAtmika-vikAsa-prabandhana kA vyAvahArika pakSa hai| ise hamane gaMbhIratA se spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| anta meM yaha batAyA hai ki vyakti kA AdhyAtmika-vikAsa nahIM hotA hai, to samagra bhautika evaM Arthika vikAsa nirarthaka ho jAtA hai| yadi mAnava jAti ko tanAva-mukta karanA hai, to hameM vyakti aura samAja ke bhautika-vikAsa kI apekSA unake AdhyAtmika-vikAsa para adhika bala denA hogA, tabhI hama vyakti ke jIvana kA samyak prakAra se prabandhana kara skeNge| isI niSkarSa ke sAtha hamane yaha adhyAya samApta kiyA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA yaha antima adhyAya mukhya rUpa se upasaMhAra rUpa hai, jisake prArambha meM jIvana-prabandhana kI AvazyakatA aura mahattA ko spaSTa karate hue usase sambandhita vividha AyAmoM kI 759 adhyAya 14 : jIvana-prabandhana : eka sArAMza 15 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #868
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ carcA kI gaI hai aura unhIM AyAmoM para AdhArita prastuta zodha-prabandha ke vibhinna adhyAyoM kA upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai| anta meM yahI dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki bhautika aura Arthika vikAsa yadyapi jIvana jIne ke lie Avazyaka haiM, phira bhI unakA samyak prabandhana to naitika, dhArmika tathA AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM para hI AdhArita hogaa| jIvana jIne ke vibhinna stara haiM, hama unameM se kisI kI bhI pUrNa upekSA to nahIM kara sakate, kintu unakI niyaMtraka-zakti ko kahIM na kahIM naitika, dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana-mUlyoM para AdhArita banAnA hogaa| isase hI vyakti ke jIvana kA samyak prabandhana sambhava hogA aura tabhI vaha apane jIvana meM AdhyAtmika zikhara para ArUr3ha ho skegaa| =====4.>===== Th jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 760 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #869
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Bess BLOMEL TATIONS DIFMES BACH STONE FOR FIFCER FIGLETS Jain Education national saMdarbha graMtha sUcI - S BIBLIOGRAPHY Kaal Holly SLC Sapi 6553 FORAN EKON CAN TALE
Page #870
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #871
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sandarbhaganzasUcI kra. grantha/pustaka aMgasuttANi anuyogadvArasUtra AcArAMgasUtra AcArAMgasUtra (saTIka) AvazyakasUtra uttarAdhyayanasUtra uttarAdhyayanasUtra upAsakadazAMgasUtra aupapAtikasUtra kalpasUtra varSa vi. 2031 I. 1987 I. 1998 I. 2000 I. 1994 I. 1984 I. 2003 I. 1989 I. 1992 I. 1976 gacchAcArapayannA jambUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra taMdulavaicArikaprakIrNaka I. 1991 I. 1994 I. 1991 I. 1991 8 zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya 40 graMthakAra/saMpAdaka prakAzaka saMpA. muni nathamala jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. muni dIparatnasAgara Agamazruta prakAzana, ahamadAbAda saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara vyA. AtmArAma mahArAja bha.mahAvIra meDiTezana eNDa risarca seMTara, dillI saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara A. bhadrabAhu zrI AnandajJAnamandira, sailAnA vyA. maho. lakSmIvallabha anu. AnaMdasAgarasUri saMyo. vijayarAjendrasUri zA. amIcandajI tArAjI dANI, dhAnasA saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara anu. subhASa koThArI Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. muni nathamala jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM saMpA. madhukaramuni Agamodaya samiti, muMbaI saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. vijayajinendrasUri zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina graMthamAlA lAkhAbAvala - zAMtipurI (saurASTra) saMpA. puNyavijayamuni mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. puNyavijayamuni Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. madhukaramuni zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saMpA. AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM abhayadevasUri seTha mANikalAla cunnIlAla, ahamadAbAda I. 1992 I. 1974 trINichedasUtrANi dazavaikAlikasUtra | dazavaikAlikasUtra nandIsUtra 19 | niyuktisaMgraha I. 1993 I. 1991 I. 1989 I. 1984 or to paiNNayasuttAI prajJApanAsUtra praznavyAkaraNasUtra mahApaccakkhANapaiNNaya I. 1993 I. 1993 ti ti I. 1992 to I 1991 I. 2004 rAjapraznIyasUtra vyavahArabhASya vyAkhyAprajJapti samavAyAMgasUtra sUtrakRtAMgasUtra sthAnAMgasUtra sthAnAMgasUtravRtti I. 1982 I. 1991 I. 1999 I. 1976 I. 1937 761 sandarbhagranthasUcI For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #872
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kra. I. 1999 I. 2003 zvetAmbara paravartI sAhitya graMthakAra/saMpAdaka - grantha/pustaka prakAzaka varSa upA. amaramuni samAja aura saMskRti sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA I. 1966 upA. amaramuni sUktitriveNI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA I. 1968 anu. AnaMdasAgarasUri dvAdazaparvavyAkhyAna zrI AnandajJAnamandira, sailAnA I. 1992 umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI I. 1993 anu. saMghavI sukhalAla umAsvAti tattvArthAdhigamabhASya zrImadrAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa I. 1932 umAsvAti prazamaratiprakaraNa zrImadrAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa vi. 2044 kacchArA nArAyaNalAla jainadharma meM vijJAna bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI I. 2006 sA. kanakazrI jainadharma : jIvana aura jagat jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM saMka. kalyANaRSi amolasUktiratnAkara zrI amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhuliyA I. 1955 vyA. kApar3iyA motIcaMda AnaMdaghanapadasaMgraha zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI 1982 giradharalAla koThArI trizalA devI muktivaibhava zrI bhUpendra sUri sAhitya samiti, Ahora I. 2001 koThArI subhASa upAsakadazAMga aura usakA Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, I. 1988 zrAvakAcAra udayapura gaur3a bI. pI. sva-prabaMdhana meM jIvana vijJAna jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (ema.e.pAThyapustaka) | vyA. caMdulAla nAnacaMda navatattvaprakaraNasArtha zrImadyazovijayajI jaina saMskRta pAThazAlA, I. 1981 mahesANA saMka. caMdraprabhasAgara prAkRtasUktikoza jayazrI prakAzana, kolakAtA | I. 1985 maho. caMdraprabhasAgara hindIsUkti-saMdarbhakoza jitayazA phAuMDezana, kolakAtA I. 1993 saMpA. caNDAliyA pArasamala agAradharma zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti I. 1995 rakSaka saMgha, byAvara cidAnaMdajI padasaMgraha popaTalAla sAkaracaMda zAha, puNe vi. 1992 chAbar3A pUjA-prakAza tattvArthasUtra jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura I. 2010 jayavallabha vajjAlagga pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI I. 1984 saMka, jayAnandavijaya puSpaparAga zrI AdinAtha jaina maMdira, sA~thU jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa vizeSAvazyakabhASya bhadraMkara prakAzana, ahamadAbAda vi. 2053 anu. sva. zAha cunIlAla hukamacaMda jaina kamala prAcInajainasAhitya meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI I. 1988 ArthikajIvana jaina kAzInAtha zrIpAlacaritra zrI jaina zvetAMbara paMcAyatI maMdira, kolakAtA I. 2003 jaina dulIcanda jinavANI ke motI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI I. 1993 jaina sAgaramala adhyAtmavAda aura vijJAna prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura jaina sAgaramala jaina, bauddha aura gItA rAja, prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura I. 1982 jaina sAgaramala jainabhASAdarzana bho.le. bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAna, dillI I. 1986 jaina sAgaramala dharma kA marma prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura I. 2007 jaina sAgaramala sAgarajainavidyAbhAratI sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI | I. 1994 anu. jaina haMsarAja zrImadrAjacaMdra zrImadrAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa I. 2002 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 762 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #873
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ / varSa kra. | graMthakAra/saMpAdaka 62 | jaina hIrAlAla I. 1975 63 | A. tulasI I. 2000 - 64 A. tulasI tripAThI AnaMdaprakAza tripAThI AnaMdaprakAza - grantha/pustaka prakAzaka bhAratIyasaMskRti meM jainadharma kA | madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla yogadAna jIvanavijJAna : mUlyaparaka zikSA | jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM kA eka abhinava prayoga bU~da-bU~da se ghaTa bhare jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM jainavidyA (bI.e. prathama varSa) jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM jainadharmadarzana evaM jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM bhAratIyetaradharmadarzana (ema.e. pAThyapustaka) lalitasvAdhyAyasaurabha paM.zrI caMpakalAla sI. zAha karmagraMtha marUdharakezarI sAhitya prakAzana samiti, byAvara I. 1997 I. 2009 I. 2007 I. 2002 I. 1974 karmagraMtha U~kArasUri ArAdhanA bhavana, surata vi. 2055 I. 1982 I. 1988 I. 1996 saMka, dakSaratnAzrI devendrasUri vyA. muni mizrImala devendrasUri vyA. ramyareNu devendramuni devendramuni muni dharmeza dharmadAsagaNi muni nathamala saMpA. nAhaTA agaracaMda saMka. nAhaTA dIpacaMda saMpA. nAhaTA agaracaMda bha~varalAla nemicandrasUri anu. sA. hemaprabhAzrI pANDe zrI prakAza prazAMtavallabhavijaya sA. priyadarzanAzrI jainaAcAra zrI tAraka gurU jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura jainanItizAstra : eka parizIlana | zrI tAraka gurU jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura jIvanavijJAna kI rUparekhA jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM upadezamAlA jaina prakAzana maMdira, ahamadAbAda jainadarzana, manana aura mImAMsA Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, cUrU aSTapravacanamAtAsajjhAyasArtha zrImaddevacandra graMthamAlA, kolakAtA AvazyakapUjAsaMgraha zrI jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti paMcabhAvanAsajjhAyasArtha bI.je. nAhaTA phAuNDezana, kolakAtA I. 2010 I. 1977 vi. 2020 vi. 2061 pravacanasAroddhAra prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura I. 2000 Ash, Aksh ash, I. 1998 I. 2006 I. 1995 sA. priyadarzanAzrI, I. 1998 Adi 83 | sA. prItidarzanAzrI I. 2009 84 | saMka. bayA DI. esa. DaoN. sAgaramalajainaabhinandanagraMtha | pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI kulakasamuccaya divyadarzana TrasTa, dholakA AcArAMga kA nItizAstrIya | pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI adhyayana jIvana kI muskAna zA. bha~varalAlajI cA~damalajI kAnU~gA, bhInamAla (dvitIya mahApuSpa) upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kA zrI rAjendrasUri jaina zodha saMsthAna, ujjaina adhyAtmavAda prAkRtamuktAvalI Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura zrImaddevacandra zrI adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maMDala, pAdarA prabodhaTIkA jaina sAhitya vikAsa maMDala, muMbaI sAdhanA ke sUtra hajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara syAdvAdamaMjarI zrI ArAdhanA bhavana jaina pauSadhazAlA, muMbaI adhyAtmavidyA jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM AhAra aura adhyAtma tulasI adhyAtma nIDam, lADanUM kisane kahA mana caMcala hai ? | Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, cUrU I. 1995 saMpA. buddhisAgarasUri saMpA. paM. bhadraMkaravijaya madhukaramuni vyA. malliSeNasUri A. mahAprajJa A. mahAprajJa 91 | A. mahAprajJa I. 1929 I. 2000 I. 1984 I. 2058 I. 1994 1985 I. 1985 763 sandarbhagranthasUcI For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #874
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ | varSa graMthakAra/saMpAdaka yuvA. mahAprajJa A. mahAprajJa A. mahAprajJa I. 1985 I. 1994 I. 2003 95 yuvA. mahAprajJa I. 1986 I. 1994 I. 1999 A. mahAprajJa A. mahAprajJa A. mahAprajJa A. mahAprajJa I. 2003 I. 2000 grantha/pustaka prakAzaka kaise soceM? tulasI adhyAtma nIDam, lADanUM citta aura mana jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM jIvanavijJAna : zikSA kA nayA | Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, cUrU AyAma jIvanavijJAna : svastha jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM samAja-racanA kA saMkalpa nayA mAnava nayA vizva Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, cUrU mahAvIra kA arthazAstra Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, cUrU mahAvIra kA svAsthyazAstra Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, cUrU lokataMtra : nayA vyakti nayA jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM samAja zrIbhikSu-AgamaviSayakoza jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM AnandasvAdhyAyasaMgraha zramaNadharma sanmArga prakAzana, ahamadAbAda anuprAyogika mAnavazarIraracanA | jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM evaM kriyAvijJAna (ema.e.pAThyapustaka) jIvanavijJAna aura svAsthya | jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (ema.e.pAThyapustaka) adhyAtmasAra zrI rAjarAjendra prakAzana TrasTa, ahamadAbAda adhyAtmopaniSad zrI aMdherI gujarAtI jaina saMgha, muMbaI jJAnasAra rAjasaubhAga satsaMga maMDala, sAyalA I. 2005 100 | A. mahAprajJa 101 saMka. mahodayasAgarasUri 102 | maho. mAnavijaya 103 | mizrA je.pI.ena. I. 2004 104 | mizrA je.pI.ena 106 I. 2009 vi. 2054 I. 2005 dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA zAMtasudhArasa divyadarzana TrasTa, dholakA zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI vi. 2092 I. 1986 111 112 | upA. yazovijaya | upA. yazovijaya 107 | upA. yazovijaya anu. zAha ramaNalAla cI. 108 upA. yazovijaya 109 upA. yazovijaya vyA. kApaDiyA motIcaMda giradharalAla 110 sA. yugalanidhikRpAzrI | sA. yugalanidhikRpAzrI ratnazekharasUri | ratnasuMdarasUri | saMka. rAjendrasUri lakSmIsUri 116 lor3hA kanhaiyAlAla 117 lor3hA kanhaiyAlAla 118 vijaya kumAra | sA. vidyutprabhAzrI | sA. vidyutprabhAzrI | saMpA. maho. vinayasAgara | sA. vinItaprajJAzrI 113 karmasaMhitA jIvanapAtheya zrAddhavidhiprakaraNa kahIM rUko kabhI rUko abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa upadezaprAsAda jIvaajIvatattva duHkharahitasukha jaina evaM bauddha zikSAdarzana dravyavijJAna paiMtIsabola RSibhASitasUtra uttarAdhyayanasUtra : dArzanika anuzIlana maitrI ceriTebala phAUNDezana, naI dillI maitrI cairiTebala phAUNDezana, cennaI bhadraMkara prakAzana, ahamadAbAda ratnatrayI TrasTa, muMbaI samasta jaina zvetAMbara saMgha zrI jainadharma prasArakasabhA, bhAvanagara prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura | zrI caMdraprabhumahArAja junAmandira TrasTa, cennaI I. 2006 I. 2004 vi. 2054 I. 1995 I. 1910 vi. 1978 I. 1994 I. 2005 2003 I. 1994 I. 2009 I. 2003 I. 2002 tor jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 764 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #875
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 124 130 kra. graMthakAra/saMpAdaka grantha/pustaka prakAzaka varSa 123 | A, zAMtisUri jIvavicAraprakaraNa | zrImadyazovijayajI jaina saMskRta pAThazAlA, | vi. 2033 mahesANA anu. paM. zAstrI kailAzacaMda samaNasuttaM sarva sevA saMgha prakAzana, vArANasI I. 1975 | zAha prANalAla maMgalajI abhakSyaanaMtakAyavicAra zrImadyazovijayajI jaina saMskRta pAThazAlA, vi. 2045 mehasANA vyA, zAstrI haragovinda abhidhAnaciMtAmaNiH caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-1 I. 2003 | zAha ramaNalAla cI. vIraprabhu ke vacana zrI jaina sAhitya prakAzana kendra, rAyapura I. 2000 zAha varajIvanadAsa vADIlAla | jinazAsana ke camakate hIre varajIvanadAsa vADIlAla zAha, baiMgalaura | I. 1997 saMghavI sukhalAla darzana aura ciMtana paM. sukhalAlajI sammAna samiti, ahamadAbAda I. 1957 vyA. mu. sahajAnaMdaghana Anandaghana caubIsI prAkRtabhAratI akAdamI, jayapura I. 1989 siddhasenadivAkarasUri saMmatitarka gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda anu. saMghavI sukhalAla 132 sA. sulakSaNAzrI bhAvanAsrota zrI pArzvanAtha jaina tIrtha TrasTamaMDala, peddatumbalam | I. 2010 133 | suzIlasUri zrIsiddhacakranavapadasvarUpadarzana AcArya zrI suzIlasUri jaina jJAna maMdira I. 1985 zAntinagara, sirohI 134 | sA. sthitaprajJAzrI rAtribhojanatyAga Avazyaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI I. 2009 kyoM? 135 | samaNI sthitaprajJA jIvanavijJAna aura jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM mUlyaparakazikSA (ema.e. pAThyapustaka) 136 | A. haribhadrasUri dharmabindu zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara vi. 1983 A. haribhadrasUri paMcAzakaprakaraNam pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI I. 1997 | A. haribhadrasUri yogazataka munizrIhajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara I. 1982 A. haribhadrasUri SoDazakaprakaraNa zrI aMdherI gujarAtI jaina saMgha, muMbaI | A. hemacandra yogazAstra zrI mukticandra zramaNa ArAdhanA TrasTa, bhAvanagara | I. 1977 malladhArI hemacaMdrasUrI upadezapuSpamAlA prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura I. 2007 142 | sA. hemaprajJAzrI kaSAya pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 2005 143 | paM. hemaratnavijaya guDabaoNya jinaguNa ArAdhaka TrasTa, muMbaI I. 2008 144 | paM. hemaratnavijaya calo jinAlaya caleM arhaddharmaprabhAvaka TrasTa, muMbaI hemaratnasUri da risarca oNpha DAyaniMga Tebala | arhad dharmaprabhAvaka TrasTa, ahamadAbAda vi. 2057 Jain Sagarmal Lala Harjas Rai P.V. Research Institute, Varanasi I. 1987 Commemoration Volume 147 | Sikdar J.C. Jaina Biology L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad | I. 1974 tos to to I. 1992 765 sandarbhagranthasUcI For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #876
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kra. varSa 148 149 graMthakAra/saMpAdaka | akalaMka deva amRtacandrAcArya I. 1993 I. 1996 8 digambara sAhitya - grantha/pustaka prakAzaka rAjavArtika bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI graMtharAjazrIpaMcAdhyAyI zrI digambara jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, alavara purUSArthasiddhayupAya paMdharamacandrajaina, saMsAracandra roDa, jayapura dharmAmRta (anagAra-sAgAra) zrImadrAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa kalyANakAraka seTha goviMdarAvajI doSI, solApura tattvArthasUtra zrImatI sonIdevI pATanI, kalyANamala rAjamala pATanI siddhacetanA TrasTa, kolakAtA aSTapAhuDa paM.dharamacandrajaina, saMsAracandra roDa, jayapura I. 1995 I. 1995 1940 I. 1996 I. 1995 niyamasAra sAhitya prakAzana evaM pracAra vibhAga, jayapura I. 1984 paMcAstikAya paMcAstikAyasaMgraha paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa sAhitya prakAzana evaM pracAra vibhAga, jayapura I. 1986 I. 1990 pravacanasAra rayaNasAra zrI vItarAga satsAhitya prasAraka TrasTa, bhAvanagara paM.dharamacandrajaina, saMsAracandra roDa, jayapura vi. 2032 I. 1998 1. amRtacandrAcArya AzAdhara ugrAdityAcArya umAsvAti vyA. rAmajIbhAI dozI A. kundakunda anu. pannAlAla A. kundakunda anu. parameSThIdAsa A. kundakunda A. kundakunda anu. jaina maganalAla A. kundakunda | A. kundakunda anu. AryikA syAdvAdamatI A. kundakunda 161 | muni kSamAsAgara kizanasiMha 163 koThiyA darabArIlAla guNabhadra bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa 167 | A. jinasena A. jinasena anu. jaina devendrakumAra | jaina anilakumAra jaina devendra kumAra jaina yazapAla jaina bhAgacaMda 173 saMka. jaina mumukSu mahilA maNDala | jaina hIrAlAla 162 164 165 166 samayasAra jainadarzanapAribhASikakoSa kriyAkoSa nyAyadIpikA AtmAnuzAsanam upAsakAdhyayana tattvajJAnataraMgiNI AdipurANa mahApurANa paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa jJAnodaya vidyApITha, bhopAla zrImadarAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa paM.dharamacandrajaina, saMsAracandra roDa, jayapura jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura digaMbara jaina samAja, agAsa zrI digaMbara jaina svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, sonagar3ha bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI I. 1997 I. 2000 I. 1985 I. 1998 I. 1993 I. 1987 vi. 2054 I. 2000 I. 1999 168 jIvana kyA hai ? kara lo jinavara kI pUjana jinadharmapravezikA vasunandizrAvakAcAra sAmAnyajainAcAravicAra vidyA prakAzana maMdira, naI dillI zrI vItarAga vijJAna svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, ajamera paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI zrI jaina mumukSu mahilA maMDala, devalAlI I. 2002 I. 2004 I. 2003 I. 1999 I. 2008 172 174 vi. 2035 I. 1947 177 175 | jaina hIrAlAla 176 | jaina hIrAlAla paM. ToDaramala | devasenAcArya devasenAcArya nemicandrAcArya zrAvakadharmaprakAza zrI digaMbara jaina svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, sonagar3ha (padmanandipaMcaviMzati) paMcasaMgrahaH bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI zrAvakAcArasaMgraha jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura mokSamArgaprakAzaka paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura bhAvasaMgraha jaina graMthamAlA, muMbaI AlApapaddhati digaMbara jaina graMthamAlA, muMbaI gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva I. 1995 vi. 1978 vi. 1977 I. 2000 180 766 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #877
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kra. 181 182 183 185 186 187 188 184 puSpadaMtabhUtabali graMthakAra / saMpAdaka 195 nemicandrAcArya nemIcandrAcArya nemicandrAcArya 196 saMpA, zAstrI phUlacaMdra 189 yogendudeva 190 vaTTakerasvAmI saMpA. zAstrI phUlacaMdra pUjyapAda devanaMdI pUjyapAda devanaMdI vyA. paM. zAstrI phUlacaMdra bhArilla zobhAcandra anu ArthikA ratna jJAnamatI 191 varNI jinendra 192 cakravartI vasunandI 193 vAdirAjasUri 194 mAilla dhavala anu. paM. zAstrI kailAzacaMdra 767 zrImada dimaladAsa anu. paM. zarmA ThAkura prasAda A. yativRSabha vyA. AryikA vizuddhamatI zivakoTi AcArya anu. paM. zAstrI kailAzacandra 197 zubhacandrAcArya 198 zrutasAgarasUri 199 samaMtabhadrAcArya vyA. paM. kAsalIvAla sadAsukhadAsa 200 samaMtabhadrAcArya 201 sItalaprasAda 202 somadevasUri 203 svAmI kArtikeya TI. jayacanda grantha / pustaka gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) bRhadravyasaMgraha labdhisAra SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA) iSTopadeza sarvArthasiddhi jainatarkabhASA nayacakra paramAtmaprakAza mUlAcAra jainendra siddhAMtakoza AptamImAMsA padavRtti nyAyavivaraNa saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI tiloyapaNNattI bhagavatI ArAdhanA jJAnArNavaH tattvArthavRtti ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra svayambhUstotra sahajasukhasAdhana nItivAkyAmRta kArtikeyAnuprekSA prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa zrImadrarAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura zrImadrAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI maMtrIgaNa - pustaka prakAzana, pAtharDI bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI zrImadrarAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI bhA. jaina si. prakAzinI saMsthA, kAzI bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa bhAratavarSIya digaMbara jaina mahAsabhA hIrAlAla khuzAlacaMda dozI, paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa prakAzana, phalaTaNa sandarbhagranthasUcI dozI sakhArAma nemicanda, solApura sadAsukha granthamAlA, ajamera AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara zrI digaMbara jaina svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, sonagar3ha For Personal & Private Use Only dillI varSa I. 2000 I. 1989 I. 2002 I. 1986 I. 1979 I. 1999 1964 I. 1999 I. 1992 I. 1999 I. 1998 I. 1914 1949 1977 I. 1984 1990 I. 1987 vi. 1949 I. 1997 I. 1999 I. 1996 I. 1974 7
Page #878
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ varSa / kra. | graMthakAra/saMpAdaka 204 | agnihotrI ravIndra I. 2007 - 205 | agravAla eca.esa. agravAla gopInAtha I. 1980 I. 2009 206 too 1998 agravAla niraMjana agravAla pravINakumAra too I. 2005 I. 1987 210 tos 209 agravAla rAjyazrI agravAla rAdhAramaNa 211 agravAla vijaya 212 A. AThavale pa. ga. 213 ApTe vAmana zivarAma 214 ArmasTrAMga ketharina | upA. goviMdaprasAda 216 | gAMgulI kalpanA 8 anya sAhitya grantha/pustaka prakAzaka AdhunikabhAratIya zikSA : rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI, jayapura samasyAe~ aura samAdhAna arthazAstra ke siddhAMta lakSmInArAyaNa agravAla, AgarA zAkAhAra yA mAMsAhAra phaisalA | prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura Apa svayaM kareM parivAra meM rahane kI kalA tanAva-mukta parivAra kendra, naI dillI vyAvasAyikaprabandha ke siddhAMta / | sAhitya bhavana pablikezansa, AgarA evaM udyamitA samAjadarzana kI bhUmikA kailAsa pustaka sadana, bhopAla sAiMsa oNpha TAIma mainejameMTa upakAra prakAzana, AgarA-2 samaya ApakI muTThI meM raMga prakAzana, indaura dRSTArthazArIram sau.padminI AThavale, nAgapura saMskRtahindIkoza bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI zarIrasaMbaMdhIjJAna ena.Ara.bradarsa, indaura Ayurveda dvArA saMpUrNa svAsthya medya prakAzana, dillI paryAvaraNabodha paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa anusaMdhAna evaM vikAsa kendra, indaura tanAvamukta kaise raheM? pustaka mahala, dillI vittIyaprabaMdha dharma : jIvana jIne kI kalA vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa, igatapurI zarAba se mukta samAja kI ora | me phlAvara, ahamadAbAda paryAvaraNacetanA madhyapradeza hiMdI graMtha akAdamI, bhopAla bhAratIyadarzana pustaka bhaMDAra pabliziMga hAUsa, paTanA kauTilIyaarthazAstram caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-1 2002 I. 1980 I. 1999 I. 2000 I. 2004 I. 2008 I. 2004 218 219 I. 2001 I. 2010 I. 2004 I. 1994 I. 2009 I. 2008 I. 1991 217 | guptA ema.ke. | guptA esa.pI. goyanakA satyanArAyaNa | gautama ziva | cakravartI purUSottama bhaTTa caTTopAdhyAya satIzacandra A. cANakya anu. vAcaspati gairolA jaina kapUramala | jaina pukharAja | ThAkara cA~damala sirohiyA tripAThI ravidatta dube ema.pI. dube saralA | nAraMga pI. parivrAjaka satyapati maharSi pANinI pAMDe Ara.ke. pANDeyaH gopAladatta pAla haMsarAja prANanAtha vAnaprasthI prANanAtha vAnaprasthI 238 prANanAtha vAnaprasthI prANanAtha vAnaprasthI vijJAna (kakSA 10) madhyapradeza rAjyazikSA kendra, bhopAla bhArata kI sAMskRtika virAsata sAhitya bhavana, AgarA sAdhakasatasaI zrI pratApa muni jJAnAlaya, sAdar3I aSTAMgasaMgraha caukhambA saMskRta pratiSThAna, dillI arthazAstra ke siddhAMta nezanala pabliziMga hAUsa, dillI sAmAjikavighaTana tathA punargaThana raMjana prakAzana gRha, naI dillI-16 zikSA kA vikAsa evaM samasyAe~ ke.esa.ke, pablizarsa evaM DisTrIbyUTarsa naI dillI yogadarzana darzanayoga mahAvidyAlaya, sAgapura dhAtupAThaH rAmalAla kapura TrasTa, sonIpata (hariyANA) vijJAna (kakSA 9) madhyapradeza rAjyazikSA kendra, bhopAla siddhAMtakaumudI caukhambA surabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI vANIsampreSaNa madhyapradeza hiMdI graMtha akAdamI, bhopAla candrazekharaAjAda rAjapAla eMDa sansa, dillI vIraputriyA~ rAjapAla eMDa sansa, dillI . saradArabhagatasiMha rAjapAla eMDa sansa, dillI subhASacaMdrabosa rAjapAla eMDa sansa, dillI jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva I. 1993 I. 2003 1980 I. 1982 I. 2007 I. 2001 I. 2006 I. 2007 I. 2001 I. 2003 I. 1969 I. 1969 I. 1969 I. 1969 239 768 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #879
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kra. graMthakAra/saMpAdaka 240 | baghela DI.esa. | A. bAlakRSNa 242 | brahmadatta jijJAsu 243 | bhATiyA manajIta siMha / 244 | mizra bhagavatsvarUpa 245 | mizra zItalA 246 | mukarjI ravIndranAtha 247 | rAmasukhadAsa varSa I. 2009 I. 2007 2007 I. 2008 I. 1978 I. 1994 I. 1999 I. 2005 248 | varmA surendra 249 | varadarAjAcArya vinoda maharSi vyAsa zarmA Ara.e. | zarmA jI.DI. 254 | zarmA rAmaratana zarmA vAsudeva zarmA zrIrAma 257 | zAstrI rAjezvaradatta 258 zAstrI haragovinda | zuklA lakSmI siMha arUNa kumAra siMha arUNa kumAra siMha arUNa kumAra | siMha nAgendra I. 1996 vi. 2061 I. 1969 I. 1988 I. 2006 vi. 2031 I. 1980 I. 1911 I. 1996 I. 1973 253 255 I. 1965 259 I. 1998 - grantha/pustaka prakAzaka yUnIphAiDa soziyolaoNjI sAhitya bhavana, AgarA AyurvedasiddhAMtarahasya divyayoga maMdira TrasTa, haridvAra pANinIyaH aSTAdhyAyIsUtrapAThaH rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, dillI manoroga nezanala buka TrasTa, iMDiyA kabIragraMthAvalI vinoda pustaka maMdira, AgarA bolane sunane kI kalA yuvA vAgmI sabhA, indaura yUnIphAiDa samAjazAstra (bI.e.1) | zivalAla agravAla eNDa kampanI, indaura zrImadbhagavadgItA gItApresa, gorakhapura TI. sAdhakasaMjIvanI bhAratIyajIvanamUlya pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI laghusiddhAntakaumudI gItApresa, gorakhapura svAmIvivekAnaMda rAjapAla eMDa sansa, dillI mahAbhArata gItApresa, gorakhapura paryAvaraNazikSA sUrya pablikezana, meraTha prabandha ke siddhAnta evaM vyavahAra | rameza buka Dipo, jayapura arthazAstra ke siddhAMta bhaiyA prakAzana, indaura subhASitaratnabhaMDAra tukArAma jAvajI, muMbaI manuSya meM devatva kA udaya akhaMDa jyoti saMsthAna, mathurA svasthavRttasamuccaya DaoN.akhilezvaradatta mizra, vArANasI manusmRti caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI bhAratIyamanovijJAna vidyAnilayam, dillI AdhunikaasAmAnyamanovijJAna motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI uccatarasAmAnyamanovijJAna motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI vyaktitva kA manovijJAna motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI bhAratIyadarzana meM mana kI vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina avadhAraNA (zodha-prabaMdha) jIvavijJAna (kakSA 12) yugabodha prakAzana Orgnization and Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Management Company Limited, New Delhi Ethical Studies Oxford University Press, New Delhi The Seven Habits of Simon and Schuster Ltd., London Highly Effective People Management : Task, | Harpon & Row, Newyork Responsibilities & Practices Understanding Psychology | Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi Management & Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi Organization Environment Management Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana Education for the Radha Publications, New Delhi Environmental Concerns sandarbhagranthasUcI tos tos tos tos I. 2001 I. 2006 I. 2006 I. 2004 265 | Agrawal R.D. I. 2005 | I. 1962 Bradley F. 267 | Covey Stephen R. I. 1992 268 | Drucker Peter F. I. 1974 Feldmen Robert S. I. 2004 Gupta C.B. I. 1995 271 | Joshi Rosy Saxena A.B. I. 2008 I. 1996 769 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #880
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kra. 273 274 275 graMthakAra/saMpAdaka | saMpA. khemakA rAdhezyAma saMpA, chajalAnI vinaya | saMpA. jaina dharmacaMdra saMpA. DAgA gautamacaMda saMpA. paTavA zubhU saMpA. samaNI malliprajJA saMpA. mahAjana mahendra 8 patra evaM patrikAe~ grantha/pustaka prakAzaka kalyANa gItApresa, gorakhapura naIduniyA jinavANI samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala, jayapura yuvAdRSTi yuvAloka, lADanUM jainabhAratI jaina zvetAMbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, bIkAnera prekSAdhyAna tulasI adhyAtma nIDam, lADanUM paryAvaraNavikAsa paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa anusaMdhAna evaM vikAsa kendra, 277 278 279 iMdaura 280 | saMpA. mAhezvarI praphulla navabhArata =====4.>===== 10 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 770 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #881
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 'jIvana prabandhana ke tatva' para AdhArita saMkSipta zabdakoSa For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #882
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #883
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ artha zabda a | akarmaNya akriyAzIla, niSkriya. nikammA akalpya acAra eka abhakSya, bigar3A huA acAra akaSAyavRtti aisI pravRtti jisameM kaSAya nahIM ho aghAtI jo ghAtaka na ho ajIva | pudgala, dharmadravya, adharmadravya, kAla aura AkAza - ye pA~ca prakAra ke dravya aTavI vana, jaMgala aNuvrata sthUla hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya va parigraha kA tyAga karane rupa zrAvaka ke pA~ca niyama ativAditA maryAdA se adhika honaa| atizaya | viziSTa prabhAva, tIrthakara ke janmAdi ke samaya ghaTane vAlI alaukika/asAdhAraNa ghttnaaeN| atIndriya jo indriya se pare ho, AtmA, paramAtmA atulanIya jisakI kisI se tulanA na ho sake adhyavasAya zubha-azubha karmabaMdha karAne vAlA vikalpa, buddhi, vyavasAya, adhyavasAna, mati, vijJAna, citta, bhAva, pariNAma anaMgakrIr3A | liMga/yoni ko chor3akara aprAkRtika aMgoM se krIr3A yA keli karanA / anaMtakAya eka zarIra jisameM anaMta jIva rahate hoM anagAra dharma munidharma, pRthvIkAyAdi chaha prakAra ke jIvoM ke rakSaka rUpa, uttama kSamA Adi dasa prakAra ke dharma ko dhAraNa karane rUpa, indriya-viSayoM se virakti rUpa, zItAdi bAIsa pariSahoM ko sahana karane rUpa, ahiMsAdi chaha vratoM ke dhAraNa rUpa, kaSAya-jaya rUpa, aMtaraMga meM bhAvoM evaM bAhya meM mana-vacana-kAyayoga kI vizuddhi rUpa, mAraNAntika upasargoM meM samatA rUpa, aMgoM ko saMkucita rakhane rUpa tathA niraticAra cAritra pAlana rUpa dharma anajAnAphala | eka abhakSya, jisake phala nAma tathA guNa-doSoM kA sahI paricaya na ho anadhyavasAya 'yaha kyA hai, isa prakAra kA aspaSTa jJAna ananaSThAna anuSThAna | binA manoyoga ke kevala dekhA-dekhI kiyA gayA dhArmika anaSThAna anantadharmAtmaka vaha vastu jisameM ananta gaNa hoM, ananta dharma hoM anantara-sAdhya nikaTavartI lakSya, jo parampara-sAdhya kI prApti meM sahayogI ho anavarata binA rUkAvaTa ke, lagAtAra anAtma AtmA se bhinna padArtha anAdinidhana |jisakA Adi aura anta na ho anukUla | pakSa meM rahane vAlA, manovAMchita, prItikara (Favourable) anukUlana | Avazyaka parivartana kara anukUla bananA (Adaptation) anukriyA kArya ke bAda kA prabhAva, pratikriyA (Response) anuprekSA bArambAra ciMtana-manana karanA anubandha-catuSTaya paraspara sambaddha cAra pakSa yA tathya anubhavagocara | anubhava se jAnA gayA anuyoga prazna, jijJAsA, pUchatAcha, jinavANI ke upadeza kI paddhati 771 saMkSipta zabdakoSa For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #884
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anuyogadvAra anuttara anurAga anuzaMsA anuzIlana anuSThAna anusaMdhAna anekAnta-dRSTi anaucitya | antarmukhI | antarmuhUrta anyonyAzrita anveSaNIya apanayana aparihArya apalApa apavarga apavAda | apaziSTa apratibaddha | zAstroM meM kahe jAne vAle padArthoM ko sugamatA se samajhane ke vividha upAya sarvottama prema, bhakti siphAriza, saMstuti bAra-bAra par3hanA yA vicAranA, gahana ciMtana-manana karanA koI dhArmika kRtya, ArAdhanA khoja, anveSaNa vastu ke aneka pakSoM, dharmoM, guNoM ko grahaNa karane vAlI dRSTi anupayukta andara kI ora mukha vAlA 48 miniTa se kama eka-dUsare para avalaMbita honA khoja karane yogya dUra karanA, dUsarI jagaha le jAnA, haTA denA atyAjya, anivArya, avazyaMbhAvI (Mendatory) lopa karanA, iMkAra karanA, chipAnA, baka-baka karanA mokSa, mukti, janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukta ho jAnA deza, kAla, paristhiti ke anusAra sAmAnya se haTakara apanAe gae vikalpa, vikaTa paristhiti meM kamajorIvaza grahaNa kie gae kArya kur3A-karkaTa, bhaMgAra, kabAr3A, raddI (Wastage) aMtaraMga meM manobhAvoM ke aura bAhya meM vyakti, vastu, deza, kAla, paristhiti ke pratibandha se rahita bejor3a, anupama jo priya na lage nAmakaraNa ke yogya, kathanIya, viSayavastu rUcikara, priya, cAhA huA, iSTa preraNA (Motivation) jJApana, jAnakArI, prativedana (Notice) vAMchita, priya, manojJa, icchita abhinnatA yA ekarUpatA ko dyotita karane vAlI dRSTi zuddhi; uttarottara unnati; indra Adi deva sambandhI sukha aura cakravartI, vAsudeva, | baladeva Adi manuSya sambandhI sukha bahuta adhika, aparimita | jo aparimita ho arUpI, rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-sparza se rahita bhAvanApUrvaka sahaja DhaMga se kiyA gayA dhArmika anuSThAna amRta kA kalaza ghAti karmoM ko naSTa karake kevalajJAna ke dvArA samasta padArthoM ko jAnane vAle sazarIrI paramAtmA, arahanta, arUhanta, jina Adi jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva apratima | apriyakArI bhASA abhidheya abhipreta abhipreraNa abhisUcanA abhISTa abhedadRSTi abhyudaya | amita amitakArI bhASA amUrta amRta anuSThAna amRtakumbha arihaMta 772 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #885
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ahet pUjya, prathama parameSThI, vItarAga, sarvajJa, jina, rAga-dveSarUpI zatruoM ke nAzakartA arhatA yogyatA, upayuktatA avadhAraNA suvicArita dhAraNA (Concept) avamAna apamAna, kheta Adi ko mApane kA DaNDA Adi avaziSTa bacA huA, bAkI, zeSa rahA huA avasarpiNI kAla-cakra kA vaha vibhAga, jisameM jIvoM kI Ayu, bala, U~cAI Adi kramazaH ghaTatI jAtI haiM avasAda udAsI, kheda (Depression) avirati alpa bhI pratyAkhyAna (pratijJA) nahIM lenA avyAbAdha bAdhArahita avyAbAdha sukha bAdhArahita sukha aSTapravacana mAtA | tIna gupti aura pA~ca samiti, jo mAtA ke samAna muniyoM ke jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI rakSA karatI haiM | asaMkhya anaginata, agaNita asat kArya | ayathArtha kArya, asAmAjika kArya, anucita kArya asAmAjika tattva / | samAja-vidrohI (Antisocial Element) ahitakArI bhASA | jisase hita na ho A| AkiMcanya prApta zarIra meM bhI maccho yA mamatva kA tyAga karanA Akula-vyAkula parezAna, azAMta, caMcalita AcArazAstra | 'AcaraNa' viSayaka zAstra (Ethical Scriptures) AcArya | jo yogya AcAra jAnate hoM, karate hoM aura anya sAdhuoM se karAte hoN| Atma-abhimukhatA AtmAnubhUti ke sammukha honA | Atmagata sukha AMtarika sukha, Atmika sukha AtmatoSa | Atma-tuSTi, Atma-saMtuSTi, svayaM kI khuzI Atma-pravaMcanA svayaM ko ThaganA yA dhokhA denA AtmabhrAnti svayaM ke bAre meM bhrAnti AtmaramaNatA | AtmA meM ramaNa karanA, nirvikalpa samAdhi meM lIna honA AtmasamAhita | AtmA meM lIna, samAdhistha AtmArthI jisakA uddezya ekamAtra Atmahita ho AtmAzrita AtmA para Azrita Atmetara AtmA se bhinna Atmopalabdhi svayaM ko prApta karanA AdhAra vaha jisakA sahArA liyA jAe AdhAra-Adheya | Azraya dene vAle (jaise - bhUtala) kA Azraya lene vAle (jaise - ghaTa) se | sambandha saMbaMdha Adhipatya svAmitva, prabhutva, adhikAra, rAjya Adheya vaha jisake dvArA sahArA liyA jAe AdhyAtmika AtmA se saMbaMdhita saMkSipta zabdakoSa bArga 773 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #886
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sseogg ddi AdhyAtmika vikAsa | | AtmA kA vikAsa AptapurUSa adhikRta vyakti; rAga, dveSa aura moha se rahita sarvajJa purUSa Abhyantara AMtarika, aMtaraMga, bhItarI AmUlacUla sampUrNa, Upara se nIce taka AyAma vistAra, phailAva (Dimension) Arambha hiMsA Adi kI pravRtti karanA ArA kAla-cakra kA eka vibhAga, chaha Are milakara eka utsarpiNI yA avasarpiNI kAla hote haiM ArUDha | savAra, AsIna, dRr3ha, tatpara AtadhyAna prApta paristhitiyoM meM daHkhI yA pIDita honA ArdratA namI AlocanA garU ke sammukha apane doSoM kA nivedana karanA Asakti lagAva, prema, liptatA AsevanAtmaka zikSA | prAyogika zikSA Asrava karmoM kA AnA i indriya-vyApAra indriyoM kA upayoga indriyAzrita indriyoM para Azrita IryApathika gamanAgamana kI kriyA uttuMga coTI, zikhara ucchaMkhala | niraMkuza, svecchAcArI, anuzAsana ko nahIM mAnane vAlA, kramarahita uccheda | kATanA, naSTa karanA, jar3a se ukhAr3anA utkarSa unnati, bar3hAI, zreSTha utprerita | utsAhita, uttejita utsarga | sAmAnya (mUla) rUpa se nirdiSTa niyama, vidhi Adi; tyAga yA visarjana udaya | uganA, prakaTa honA, karma kA phala yA vipAka udaraparti peTa bharanA udAttIkaraNa zreSTha honA, utkRSTa honA, ucca honA, vRddhizIla honA udArIkaraNa AyAta-niryAta kI vyavasthA ko AsAna karanA (Liberalisation) unmatta | pAgala, zarAbI, sanakI unmAna tagara Adi dravyoM ko Upara uThAkara jinase taulA jAtA hai, ve tarAjU Adi / unmArgagAmI viparIta mArga kI ora pravRtta hone vAlA unmukta svacchanda, binA niyaMtraNa ke upacaya | vRddhi, unnati, ikaTThA honA, jIvoM meM rAsAyanika parivartanoM kI prakriyA / upadhAna takiyA, viziSTa tapa Adi sAdhanA ke sAtha jJAnArjana karanA upalakSaNa | gauNalakSaNa, jaise - saMskAra-saMrakSaNa ke lie TI.vI. kA niSedha ho, to upalakSaNa se sinemA kA niSedha svataH ho jAtA hai upazama | zAMta honA, zamana honA, AtmA ke pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi se karmoM kI zakti kA prakaTa na honA upAdeya grahaNa karane yogya jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 774 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #887
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ upAdhyAya upAzraya ubhayAbhAsI jo sampUrNa dvAdazAMga kA abhyAsa karake mokSamArga meM sthita hoM tathA mokSa ke icchuka mumukSuoM ko upadeza dete hoM ArAdhaka sAdhuoM va zrAvakoM ke Thaharane/ArAdhanA karane kA sthAna mithyAtvI kA eka prakAra, jo nizcaya aura vyavahAra - donoM kA sAdhanA meM samAveza karane vAlA ho, lekina jaisA inakA svarUpa honA cAhie, vaisA nahIM ho uttarIya ekatvabhAva ekadeza ai | aikAntika aucitya audayika bhAva kaThora kadAgraha karttA-bhoktA kartRtva bhAva karma karmakANDa karmamala kalpavRkSa kaSAya kAmadhenu kAya-kleza dupaTTA, Upara se or3hane kA vastra, Upara pahanane kA vastra | para padArthoM meM ekapane yA maiM pane kA bhAva eka aMza meM eka pakSIya, eka dezIya | upayukta | karma ke udaya se utpanna hone vAle jIva ke bhAva nirdaya. kaDe hRdaya vAlA, sakhta ku-Agraha, burA Agraha, burI jida karane vAlA va bhogane vAlA para padArthoM ke kartA pane kA bhAva AtmA ko Abaddha karane vAlI pudgala pariNati, mana-vacana-kAyA kI zubha | yA azubha pravRtti, kArya | dhArmika vidhiyA~ evaM kriyAkalApa karma rUpI azuddhi | aisA vRkSa jo yugalika manuSyoM kI icchApUrti karatA hai | AtmA meM hone vAlI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpa kaluSatAe~ | svarga kI gAya, jo sabhI kAmanAeM pUrI karatI hai| | bAhyatapa vizeSa, jisameM zarIra ko sukha mile, aisI bhAvanA ko tyAga diyA | jAtA hai sImita kAla ke lie zarIra evaM anya padArthoM se mamatva kA tyAga kara | AtmadhyAna meM lIna honA | kArya yA kAma karane kA tarIkA yA vidhi (Procedure) niyama virUddha vyApAra (Black-marketing) DaoNvADola, 'kyA karU~, kyA na karU~' vAlI sthiti | mAyA nukIlI ghAsa, jo yajJa-pUjana meM kAma AtI hai aparivartita yA saMkIrNa vicAroM vAlA, kue kA meMDhaka, alpajJa jisakA kAma pUrA ho cukA hai ehasAna na mAnane vAlA kArya, kartavya, karma sattA yA adhikAroM ko eka sthAna para kendrita karanA sarvajJa sarvadarzI kAyotsarga kAryavidhi kAlAbAjArI | kiMkartavyavimUr3ha | kuTilatA | kuza-ghAsa | kUpamaNDuka kRtakRtya kRtaghna kRtya kendrIkaraNa | kevalajJAnI | kevaladarzI 775 saMkSipta zabdakoSa For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #888
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kriyAnvayana yojanA ko kArya meM lAnA gaccha samadAya vizeSa, dhArmika samAja kI paramparA vizeSa gaNadhara tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke sAdhu-samudAya ke nAyaka; dvAdazAMgI ke racayitA gaNAvacchedaka pracAra, upadhi, lAbha Adi ke lie gaNa se alaga hokara vicaraNa karane vAlA sAdhu gaNi gacchanAyaka, Agama aMga jJAtA, AcArya |gaNitAnuyoga karaNAnuyoga, cAra anuyogoM meM se eka, loka-aloka ke vibhAga, yugoM ke parivartana aura cAroM gatiyoM ke svarUpAdi ko batAne vAle zAstra gatyAtmaka badalatA haA, gatizIla, parivartanazIla (Dynamic) garala anuSThAna | paraloka kI vAMchA se kiyA gayA dhArmika anuSThAna gahana saghana, gaharA, rahasyamaya, kaThina gItArtha utsarga va apavAda ke jJAtA aise viziSTa sAdhu guNazreNI nirjarA | guNa zabda kA artha hai - guNAkAra (Multiplication) tathA usakI zreNI. AvalI yA paMkti kA nAma guNazreNI hai, ataH pratisamaya guNAkAra hote huye karma paramANuoM kA jhar3anA guNazreNI nirjarA hai guNa saMkramaNa karma paramANuoM kA pratisamaya asaMkhyAta guNazreNI krama se anya svajAtIya prakRti rUpa pariNamana, jaise - asAtA vedanIya kA sAtA vedanIya meM saMkramaNa | granthibheda | samyagdarzana evaM vItarAga dazA kI prApti meM bAdhaka kAraNoM kA chedana grahaNAtmaka zikSA saiddhAMtika zikSA ghaTaka bhAga, upabhAga, avayava, racane vAlA aMza ghAti ghAta (nAza) karane vAlA ghAnI tela nikAlane kA yaMtra ca | cakravAta A~dhI-tUphAna, bavaMDara catuSTaya cAra pakSa vAlA catuSpada cAra pairoM vAle jIva caudaha niyama | anuvratI zrAvaka ke dvArA pratidina pAlane yogya caudaha niyama | caraNa-karaNAnuyoga caraNAnuyoga, cAra anuyogoM meM se eka, zrAvaka va zramaNa ke cAritra kI utpatti, vRddhi va rakSA ke sAdhanoM kA varNana karane vAle zAstra calita rasa eka abhakSya, vaha khAdya padArtha jisakA svAbhAvika rUpa, rasa, gaMdha va sparza badala jAtA hai | cATukAritA cApalUsI (Flattering) caitanya zakti jJAna zakti, Atmika zakti caitasika cetana (AtmA) sambandhI | chidrAnveSaNa doSa-daSTi, dasare ke doSoM ko dekhanA ja | jitendriyatA | indriyoM para vijaya jIva AtmA, cetana (Soul) jIvAzma mRta jIvoM ke avazeSa jaivika bAhya jIvana ke ghaTakoM - zarIra, dhana, parivAra Adi se sambandhita jaivika vAsanA | zArIrika yA bhautika kAmanA, bAhya jIvana se sambandhita icchAe~ jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 776 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #889
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dustara dRSTA TIkA vyAkhyA, TippaNI (Commentary) ta | tathya | yathArtha, vAstavika ghaTanA, sAra, saccAI | tadhetu anuSThAna | hetu yA uddezya ke anusAra kiyA gayA arthAt dharmAnurAga se kiyA gayA anuSThAna | taratamatA | kama-jyAdApanA, nyUnAdhikatA tarala | bahane vAlA padArtha (Liquid); lacIlA (Flexible) tAttvika | tattva sambandhI, vastu ke svarUpa sambandhI tAdAtmya abhinna, ananya, ekarUpa, samarUpa tucchaphala eka abhakSya, jisameM khAne kA aMza kama aura pheMkane ke jyAdA ho, jaise -1 bera Adi tunakamijAjI krodhI yA cir3acir3A (Short-tempered) tvarita jaldI, turanta, zIghra digmUr3hatA jIvana kI sahI dizA kA jJAna na honA, digbhrama | dIghanikAya bauddha dharma kA granthavizeSa | durvyavasthA kharAba vyavasthA jise pAra karanA kaThina ho dustyAjya | jisakA tyAga bahuta muzkila se ho sake rAga kie binA kevala dekhane vAlA, darzakamAtra dRSTivAda Agama sAhitya kA bArahavA~ yAni antima aMga | dehAtmabuddhi | zarIra ko hI 'maiM' mAnane vAlI buddhi daihika zArIrika dohana ! upayoga karanA, duhanA dyotita prakAzita, vyakta kiyA haA | dravyAnuyoga cAra anuyogoM meM se eka, SaDdravya, navatattva Adi vastu svarUpa ko pratipAdita karane vAle zAstra dvadva | saMgharSa, kalaha, jhagar3A, jor3A dvAdazAMgI | bAraha aMga (jaina darzana ke mUla bAraha Agama) dvidala jisake do bhAga hote hoM, aise kaThola, dAla, dvidala kahalAte haiN| dvidala ke sAtha kacce dUdha, dahI yA chAcha kA mizraNa abhakSya bana jAtA haiM dvipada do pairoM vAle jIva | dharmakathA | jIvana-upayogI viSayoM para carcA karanA yA upadeza denA |dharmakathAnuyoga prathamAnuyoga, cAra anuyogoM meM se eka, mahApurUSoM kI kathA kA pratipAdaka zAstra dhArmika AtaMkavAda |dharma ke nAma para AtaMka phailAnA dhArmika unmAda | dharma ke nAma para pAgalapana kI hada taka pahuMcanA akSa (Axis), zreSTha, dRr3ha nakArAtmaka asvIkAra karane yogya, anucita, ahitakArI naya vastU ke eka aMza ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna navAcAra navIna AcAra kA vidhAna karanA (Innovation) 777 saMkSipta zabdakoSa dhura For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #890
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ niHzeSa niHzreyasa nikRSTa nikSepa nijIkaraNa niyata niyAmaka niyoktA nirata nirapekSa nirA nirAkula | nirUpaka nirodha nirgrantha nirjarA nirmamatva nirliptatA nirvANa jisameM kucha bace nahIM, samasta, samucA mokSa, kalyANa jaghanya, nimnatama, adhama, nIca padArtha ko yuktipUrvaka jAnane/jatAne kA upAya athavA loka-vyavahAra sarakArI kampaniyoM ko gaira-sarakArI banAnA (Privatisation) taya yA nizcita kiyA huaa| niyama batAne vAlA, anuzAsana meM rakhane vAlA, vyavasthA rakhane vAlA niyukta karane vAlA (Employer) kAma meM lagA huA, magna, lIna dUsare kI apekSA nahIM rakhane vAlA (Absolute) siphe, kevala, mAtra, korA sthira, zAMta, nirbhaya, vikalparahita, samAdhi nirUpaNa karane vAlA, vivecana karane vAlA rUkAvaTa, rodha, niyantraNa granthi rahita (parigraha rahita) sAdhu karmoM kA AMzika kSaya honA mamatA bhAva na rakhanA lipta na honA, lagAva nahIM rakhanA, sAMsArika mAyA-moha se dUra rahanA mokSa, duHkha-nivRtti, karma-nivRtti, zArIrika saMyogoM se mukti, janma-jarA-maraNa se mukti tyAgapradhAna, AtmasAdhanA paraka mokSamArgI, saMyamI, nivRtti mArga kA samarthaka/ sAdhaka kampanI Adi meM lAbha hetu rakama lagAnA (Investment) mithyAtvI kA eka prakAra, jo vyavahAra (sAdhana) kI upekSA kara ekAnta se nizcaya (sAdhya) kA Agraha karane vAlA ho, jise mAtra zabdika jJAna ho, bhAvAtmaka nahIM | nakArAtmaka, niSedha karane yogya, anucita sArabhUta artha, natIjA, pariNAma, nicor3a (Conclusion) AjJAkArI, AsthAvAn, zraddhAvAn sampanna, bhalI-bhA~ti pUrA kiyA huA, utpanna banAnA, pUrA karanA, niSpanna karanA lokAcAra kI vaha paddhati, jisase apanA kalyANa ho aura dUsare kA ahita bhI na ho sahAyaka kaSAya - hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, purUSaveda, napuMsakaveda kama karanA sAdhuoM dvArA pUrNatayA svIkRta vrata yA niyama - ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha sAdhu-sAdhvI jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 778 nivRttiparaka | nivRttimArgI niveza nizcayAbhAsI niSedhAtmaka niSkarSa niSThAvAna niSpanna niSpAdana | nItiyukta nokaSAya | nyUnIkaraNa | pacamahAvrata pa paMcamahAvratadhArI For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #891
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paMcAcAra pakSAgraha padArthAzrita paramasAdhya paramArtha 779 parampara- sAdhya paravartI paraspara-AzrayatA parAGmukha parArtha parAvartanA parigraha paricAyaka parijJAna pariNata pariNati pariNAmI - nitya parityAga | paridRzya paridhi pariprekSya | parimita parilakSi pariveza parizodhana | pariSkRta parisImana parispandana parNarandhra paryavekSaNa paryAya paryAlocana pallavana pArthiva zarIra pAvaka pA~ca karane yogya AcAra vIryAcAra apane mata / pakSa kA haTha | AtmA ko chor3akara anya vastuoM para Azrita aMtima uddezya, mokSa, duHkha - nivRtti satya, mokSa, yathArtha tattva, AtmA ke hita ke lie kiyA gayA kArya antima yA carama lakSya bAda meM hone vAlA eka-dUsare ke Upara Azrita honA (Interdependent) vimukha, viparIta, virUddha, udAsIna dUsaroM ke hita ke lie kiyA gayA kArya | doharAnA, punarAvartana karanA, AmnAya (Revision) | ekatrita karanA; mithyAtva, kaSAya Adi aMtaraMga parigraha tathA dhana, sampatti Adi bAhya parigraha hote haiM jAna-pahacAna karAne vAlA jAnakArI honA, paricita honA, pahacAnanA, nizcaya karanA parivartita, badalA huA pariNAma, paryAya | vastu ke dvArA pariNamana arthAt parivartana karate hue bhI apane mUla svarupa ko banAe rakhanA pUrI taraha se chor3anA cAroM ora se dekhane yogya jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM gherA, vRtta kI paridhi (Circumference) sandarbha, viSaya, vastu, sthiti, mata Adi kA yathArtha citraNa karane vAlA dRzya sImita dRSTigata honA, acchI taraha se siddha honA paridhi, gherA, vAtAvaraNa | pUrNatayA zuddha karane kI kriyA zuddha sImA, maryAdA nirdhArita karanA | kampana ( Vibration) pattoM ke chidra nigarAnI (Supervision) dravya ke Azrita rahane vAle guNoM kI avasthA, sthiti yA dazA (Modification) samIkSA, guNa-doSa jJAta karanA naye pattoM kA nikalanA, vikasita honA, bar3hanA mRta zarIra, kalevara zuddha yA pavitra karane vAlA, agni saMkSipta zabdakoSa For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #892
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ba 10 pAzavika pudgala dravya punaH prekSaNa puruSArtha catuSTaya pUMjIvAda pRcchanA pauSadha / pauSadhopavAsa | prakAza saMzleSaNa pratikUla pratikramaNa pratidvaMdvitA pratipAdaka pratipAdana pratipAdya pratimA pratimAna prativAsudeva pratyAkhyAna prabaMdhana prabandhaka pramANa pramAda pramApaka pravartaka pravartana prasphuTita | prAyogika pakSa preSita bandha baladeva balAt pazu-vRtti | acetana rUpI padArtha ( Matter) | phira se avalokana (Feedback) cAra prakAra ke purUSArtha - dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa purohita, agraNI pUMjI AdhArita artha-vyavasthA, isameM vyakti / samUha ke nijI svAmitva vAle kArakhAne, kSetra Adi hote haiM ye vyakti / samUha artha-lAbha ke liye vividha utpAdana karate tathA inake kAryoM meM sarakArI hastakSepa bhI nahIMvat hotA hai (Capitalism) pUchanA aSTamI, caturdazI Adi parvo meM zrAvaka-zrAvikA dvArA pApa-kriyAoM kA tyAga kara 4,8,16 prahara taka sAdhu sadRza jInA per3a-paudhoM dvArA saura kiraNoM se bhojana banAne kI prakriyA (Photosynthesis) virUddha, ulTA, aprItikara ( Unfavourable) pIche lauTanA, niMdya karmoM se nivRtti, vibhAva se svabhAva meM lauTanA mukAbalA karane kA bhAva, vipakSI bhAva acchI taraha vyAkhyA karane vAlA, samajhAne yA batAne vAlA acchI taraha samajhAnA yA batAnA, nirUpaNa karanA jisakI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai zrAvaka ke gyAraha tathA sAdhu ke bAraha prakAra ke niyama vizeSa; mUrti mAnaka (Standard), pratimA, citra tirasaTha zalAkA purUSoM ( mahApurUSoM) meM se nau purUSa, vAsudeva ke zatru yuddha meM vAsudeva ke hAthoM marakara niyamA naraka meM jAte haiM vrata, pratijJA, paccakkhANa, zubha saMkalpa vyavasthA, tantra (Management) prabandhana karane vAlA | sabUta, mApa, vastu ko sarvAMza se grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna, samyagjJAna | Alasya, asAvadhAnI, AtmA kI ajAgRta pramANita karane vAlA kisI kAma meM pravarta karane (lagAne) vAlA kisI kArya meM lagAnA, kArya kA Arambha karanA, protsAhana denA bAhara nikalA huA, khilA huA, prakaTa huA siddhAMtoM ke prayoga se saMbaMdhita pakSa, AcAra vibhAga (Practical Aspect ) bhejA huA karmoM kA baMdhanA tirasaTha zalAkA purUSoM (mahApurUSoM) meM se nau purUSa, vAsudeva ke bar3e bhAI jo marakara niyamA svarga yA mokSa meM jAte haiM balapUrvaka, jabaradastI jIvana- prabandhana ke tattva For Personal & Private Use Only 780
Page #893
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bha bahirmukhI huA bahubIjI phala bAdara bArahavrata bAraha vrata 781 bAlU bAhya bAhya parigraha buddhipUrvaka bhU-skhalana | bhedadRSTi bhoktRtva bhAva ma maMdakaSAyI matijJAna madya madhyasthatA manovargaNA manovicalana mamatva mamatvabhAva maryAdA mAtsarya mAna mArgaNA mArgAnusArI mithyAcAritra mithyAjJAna mithyAtva mithyAdarzana munidharma mumukSu mUrcchA mUr3ha bAhara kI ora mukha vAlA, bAhya padArthoM kI ora AkarSita jisameM eka se adhika pakSa hoM (Multidimensional eka abhakSya, jisameM paraspara saTe hue aneka bIja hoM, jaise aMjIra, khasakhasa Adi bar3A, sthUla zrAvakoM ke dvArA svIkAra kiye jAne yogya bAraha prakAra ke vrata yA niyama gRhastha zrAvakoM dvArA pAlana karane yogya vrata (5 aNuvrata 3 guNavrata, 4 zikSAvrata) mahIna reta bAharI, UparI | dhana-dhAnyAdi nau prakAra kI vastuoM kA parigraha | jJAnapUrvaka, sacetana (Consciously) | bhUmi kA kSaraNa yA bahAva (Soil Erosion) bheda karane vAlI dRSTi para padArthoM ko bhogane kA bhAva alpa kaSAya indriyoM aura mana se prApta jJAna mAdaka, nazA bIca-bacAva, taTasthatA, pakSapAtarahitatA, samatA pudgala paramANuoM kA piNDavizeSa, jisase dravya - mana kI racanA hotI hai mAnasika kSamatAoM kA calAyamAna honA, vikRta honA yA hrAsa honA lagAva, sneha, mamatA para padArthoM meM mere pane kA bhAva sImA, hada -- jalana, DAha kaSAya kA eka prakAra, ahaMkAra, taula, mApa, hInatA - adhikatA ko prApta prastha Adi khojanA, anveSaNa karanA, gaveSaNA | jina praNIta mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle, zrAvaka yogya paiMtIsa guNoM se yukta, samyaktva prApti ke abhyAsI mokSamArga se viparIta mArga para calanA, AtmA kI rAgadveSamaya asthira avasthA | mithyAtva kI vidyamAnatA meM hone vAlA jJAna, mokSamArga kA saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya yukta jJAna jIvAdi padArthoM para ayathArtha zraddhA, mithyAdarzana | dekheM, mithyAtva | dekheM, anagAra dharma mokSa kI icchA rakhane vAlA behozI, mamatva, parigraha mUrkha, jar3a saMkSipta zabdakoSa For Personal & Private Use Only 11
Page #894
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mUrta | mUla pravRtti mUlya la rUpI, rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-sparza sahita mUla utpatti sthAna, Arambhika binda, jaDa (Root) vyakti kI mUla icchAe~, saMjJA (Basic Instincts) kImata, pratiSThA ke yogya, dArzanika sAhitya meM 'Values' mUlyAMkana mUlya A~kanA, mulya kA anumAna karanA (Valuation) mRgatRSNA | anahonI bAta, mAyAjAla, bhrama, aisI tRSNA jisakI tRpti sambhava nahIM mRdutA komalatA, aMhakArarahitatA mokSa dekheM, nirvANa maulika asalI, vAstavika, mUlabhUta (Original/Fundamental) ya yoga saMyoga, kula, eka bhAratIya darzana vizeSa, mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRtti, AtmA kI caMcalatA yaunasaMbaMdha vivAha saMbaMdha. saMbhoga samAgama (Sexual Relationship) rakta-zodhana khUna sApha karanA rajata | cA~dI ! ratnatraya samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakacAritra rUpa dharma ramaNa | lInatA, krIr3A, vilAsa rUgNatA asvasthatA, bImArI laMghana | svAsthya lAbha ke lie bhUkhA rhnaa| lakSaNa asAdhAraNa vizeSatA, do mile hae padArthoM ko bhinna-bhinna karane vAlI vizeSatA | lakSyonmukhI lakSya kI ora mukha honA lezyA | kaSAyoM se anuraMjita mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRtti, jisake kAraNa jIva svaMya | ko puNya-pApa se lipta karatA hai lokottara loka se pare, mokSa laukika sAMsArika, loka sambandhI va vaMcana dhokhA denA, ThagI karanA, dhUrtatA vaNikavAdI vANijyavAdI. vyAvasAyikI (Commercial) vastugata sukha | bAharI sukha, sAMsArika sukha vastusvarUpa | vastu kA svabhAva, vastu kI yogyatA, vastu kA svatattva vAGmaya sAhitya, vAgmitA, vacana se yukta vAcanA par3hanA-sunanA vAcyatA-sAmarthya |artha ko vyakta karane kI kSamatA vAlmika dImaka Adi ke dvArA banAI gaI miTaTI vASpotsarjana bhApa kA uThanA (Evaporation) vAsudeva tirasaTha zalAkA purUSoM (mahApurUSoM) meM se nau purUSa, tIna khaNDa rAjya ke svAmI, baladeva ke choTe bhAI jo marakara niyamA naraka meM jAte haiM vikathA | vaha kathA jo kathana ke yogya na ho, viparIta saMvAda vikalpa | vibhinnatA, upAya, 'maiM sukhI hU~ yA maiM duHkhI hU~' - isa prakAra kA harSa yA kheda, manobhAvoM kA parivartana kI baoNbI jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 782 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #895
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vikArI dazA vikR vikendrIkaraNa vikSobha vidveSa vidhA vidheyAtmaka vinimaya vipaNana viparyaya | vibhAva vibhUti vimukha vivaraNa vivecya vizleSaNa 783 viSa anuSThAna viSakumbha viSayAkAMkSA viSTA visaMgati vihita vItarAgI vaiyaktika | vaiyAvRtya vaividhya vyavahArAbhAsI vyavahArya vyApaka vyApya vyutpatti za ziSTAcAra - prazaMsaka | zuddhAtmasvarUpa zrRMkhalA zramaNa- zramaNI zrAvaka dharma vibhAva dazA kharAba, bigar3anA, rUpa parivartita honA, aprAkRtika, bibhatsa adhikAra Adi ko anya vibhAgoM meM vitarita karanA | Avega, vyAkulatA, udvignatA, uthala-puthala, asta-vyasta (Disturbance) zatrutA, vaira, jalana prakAra, tarIkA, adhyayana kI zAkhA, jaise kalA, vijJAna, prabandhana Adi (Disciplene) sakArAtmaka, vidhAna karane yogya, ucita AdAna-pradAna vyApAra, vikraya ulTA, virUddha, viparIta virUddha bhAva, vikArI bhAva | aizvarya haTanA, virata, pratikUla, udAsIna acchI taraha varNana karanA vivecana karane yogya alaga-alaga karanA, chAnabIna karanA isaloka kI vAMchA se kiyA gayA dhArmika anuSThAna jahara kA kalaza viSayoM (bhogoM) kI icchA Hel (Stool) | asaMgati, kharAbI, burAI, doSa vidhAna kiyA huA, vidhi ke anurUpa kiyA huA, ucita jo rAga-dveSa se mukta hoM vyaktigata bhaktipUrvaka sevA-zuzrUSA vividhatA, anekarUpatA, bhinna-bhinna | mithyAtvI kA eka prakAra, jo nizcaya kI upekSA kara ekAnta se vyavahAra kA Agraha karane vAlA ho vyavahAra ke yogya sarvatra phailA huA, vistRta, sarvatonmukhI vyApta hone yogya utpatti, mUla udgama, zabda kA mUla rUpa sabhya vyavahAra kA samarthaka AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa, nirvikalpa samAdhi | dekheM, nizcayAbhAsI kramabaddha (Series) sAdhu-sAdhvI gRhastha dharma saMkSipta zabdakoSa For Personal & Private Use Only 13
Page #896
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrAvaka-zrAvikA zrutajJAna zreNibaddha Sa | SaTkartavya SaDAvazyaka SaDjIvanikAya | SaDvidha karma saMkleza saMcarita saMjJA saMtapta saMpAdita saMpreSaNa saMyoga-sambandha saMrambha saMlekhanA saMvara saMvibhAga saMvRtta saMvega saMzaya saMzodhana saMzleSaNa sakArAtmaka sadasad sadbhAva sapta vyasana gRhastha purUSa-strI, jo dharma-pAlana ke icchuka hoM | zAstra jJAna, mati jJAna se jAne padArtha ke AdhAra para anya padArthoM kA jJAna, | cintana-manana rUpa jJAna katAra yA paMkti meM lagAyA huA | chaha prakAra ke kartavya - jina pUjA, gurU upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa va dAna chaha prakAra ke Avazyaka - sAmAyika, ne stavana, gurUvaMdana, | pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, pratyAkhyAna chaha prakAra ke jIva samuha - pRthvIkAya, apkAya, teukAya, vAyukAya, | vanaspatikAya va trasakAya chaha karma - asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya va zilpa | krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobhAdi kaluSita bhAva sthAnAMtarita honA, calanA, phailanA nAma, jJAna; AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha - ina cAra viSayoM kI abhilASA | yA vAMchA pIr3ita, klAMta, duHkhI bhalI-bhA~ti pUrA kiyA huA preSita karanA, bhejanA, pahu~cAnA (Communication / Transmission) yogAnuyoga huA sambandha, do yA adhika padArthoM kA milanA yA nikaTa AnA hiMsA Adi kAryoM se sambandhita vicAra karanA saMthArA, samatApUrvaka deha kA parityAga karanA navIna karmoM kA rUkanA, zubhAzubha bhAvoM kA rUkanA supAtra Adi ke lie vastuoM kA ucita vibhAjana bhale prakAra se jo DhaMkA ho athavA aisA sthAna jo dekhane meM na Ae ghabarAhaTa, khalabalI, atireka, manovega, manobhAva (Emotions) | zaMkA, saMdeha zuddha karanA, ThIka karanA, sudhAra karanA, ghaTAnA-bar3hAnA jor3anA, milAnA, paraspara bAMdhanA (Synthesis) svIkAra karane yogya, ucita, hitakArI bhalA aura burA, yathArtha aura kAlpanika astitva, vidyamAnatA, zubha bhAva, acche bhAva | sAta prakAra kI burI AdateM - zikAra, juA, corI, mAMsAhAra, madirApAna, vezyAgamana, parastrIgamana / samatA, samAdhi, rAga-dveSa rUpa viSamatA se rahita bhAva / mela-milApa (Coordination) | milA huA | tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kI dharmasabhA | jo samAja se udAsIna ho / | samAna antara para hone vAle (Parallel) jIvana-prabandhana ke tatva 784 samatva samanvaya samanviti samavasaraNa samAja-udAsIna samAnAntara 14 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #897
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samAyojana samArambha samAsa samIcIna | samuccaya sammilana samyaka samyakacAritra samyagjJAna samyagdarzana sarjaka sarvavyApaka sahiSNutA sAkSIbhAva srota sAdi-ananta sAdhaka sAdhana sAdhanA sAdhya sAnnidhya sApekSavAda sApekSika sAmAyika Avazyaka sAmagrI juTAnA, ikaTThA karanA hiMsA Adi kAryoM sambandhI sAdhanoM ko ekatra karanA | saMgraha, saMkSepa, mela, do yA adhika padoM ko milAkara ekarUpa karanA ucita, saMgata, ThIka, yathArtha | samUha, Dhera milanA, ekatra honA sahI, ucita, saccA sahI DhaMga se jInA, Atma-sthiratA, Atma-ramaNatA | sahI jJAna, sAta tattvoM kA yathArtha jJAna, sva-para kA yathArtha jJAna | sahI mAnyatA, deva-gurU-dharma kI saccI zraddhA, sAta tattvoM kI yathArtha zraddhA, Atma-zraddhAna | sarjana karane vAlA, racanA karane vAlA, sRSTA sArvabhaumika, sabhI jagaha vyApta sahanazIlatA | gavAha hone kA bhAva, jJAtA-dRSTAbhAva, jur3e binA mAtra jAnane kA bhAva udgama (Source), jala-pravAha, jharanA, AdhAra jisakA prArambha ho, lekina anta na ho sAdhanA karane vAlA | sAdhya kI siddhi kA mAdhyama, kAraNa yA upAya (Means) | kArya pUrA karane kI kriyA, ArAdhanA, upAsanA | uddezya, sAdhane yogya, dhyeya, lakSya (Objective) samIpatA, karIbI | kisI eka kI apekSA se dUsare ko jAnane/samajhane kA siddhAnta / jo dUsaroM para AlaMbita ho, jisameM kisI kI apekSA ho | eka nizcita samaya (48 miniTa) taka samatA bhAva meM sthira rahanA, samatvayoga, pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI svayaM ko unase aprabhAvita rakhanA aMdhI dhArmikatA samAnatA samAnatA AdhArita artha-vyavasthA, vargahIna samAja kI racanA kA siddhAMta (Communism) jo sabhI kAla meM ho sarva sAdhAraNa kA jo sampUrNa vizva meM phailA ho, vizvavyApI jisane siddhi pAI ho, azarIrI paramAtmA, karmarahita AtmA, parama zuddha AtmA | sAdhanA ke pUrA hone para milane vAlA phala, lakSya kI prApti sImA kA nirdhAraNa karanA sAmpradAyikatA sAmya sAmyavAda sArvakAlika sArvajanika sArvabhaumika siddha | siddhi sImAMkana setu ! saiddhAMtika pakSa pUla siddhAMtoM se saMbaMdhita pakSa, darzana vibhAga (Theoretical Aspect) 785 saMkSipta zabdakoSa For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #898
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ soddezya sopAna sthavira sthAnaka sthAvara jIva sthitaprajJa sthitighAta sneha syAdvAda svacchanda svabhAva svAdhyAya uddezya sahita sIr3hI | saMgha ke bIca rahakara sAdhanA karane vAle sAdhu, patita hone vAle sAdhakoM ko dharma meM sthira karane vAle sAdhu ArAdhaka sAdhuoM va zrAvakoM ke Thaharane/ArAdhanA karane kA sthAna svecchApUrvaka gamana na kara sakeM ve jIva | sthira buddhi vAlA, samarasa, nirvikalpa, saba bhramoM se mukta karmoM kA sthiti (kAla) ko ghaTAnA mamatva, prema anekAntavAda kI vyAkhyA karane kI eka paddhati manamaujI, svecchAcArI Adata, prakRti, svarUpa, tattva, dharma, vastu kI nija yogyatA svayaM kA adhyayana karanA, AtmahitakArI pustakeM par3hanA, upadeza zravaNa karanA ityAdi para padArthoM kA adhikArI yA mAlika hone kA bhAva svayaM kA laukika hita | eka vyakti ke hAtha se dUsare ke hAtha meM jAnA tyAga karane yogya kSaya, hAni, abhAva kSaNa meM naSTa hone vAlA, kSaNika, anitya | mohanIya karma kA kSaya karane vAlA nAza, kSINa | svecchApUrvaka gamana karane meM samartha sabhI jIva | karanA, karAnA va anumodana - ye tIna karaNa mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRtti dharma, artha va kAma - ina tIna vargoM vAlA bhUta, bhaviSya evaM vartamAna - tInoM kAla meM hone vAlA kevala jAnane-dekhane kA bhAva, pratikriyArahita avasthA 'jJAna' viSayaka zAstra (Epistemology) jJAna prApta karanA jAnane yogya svAmitva bhAva svArtha | hastAntaraNa heya hAsa kSaNabhaMgura kSapaka kSaya trasa jIva trikaraNa triyoga trivargIya traikAlika jJAtA-dRSTAbhAva jJAnamImAMsA jJAnArjana jJeya tra ye tIna kAyA kI dharma, ===== ====== 16 jIvana-prabandhana ke tattva 786 For Personal & Private Use Only
Page #899
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana prabandhana hai.... * jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM kA prabandhana / * jIvana kI samasyAoM kA samyaka samAdhAna sukha, zAnti evaM Ananda pUrvaka jIne kI kalA jIvana-vikAsa ke lie kramabaddha jIvana sopAna 'jIvana kA samagra, santulita evaM suvyavasthita vikAsa jIvana-nirvAha ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana-nirmANa kA upAya 'jIvana kA pariSkAra vividha siddhAntoM evaM prayogoM ke dvArA prApta paristhitiyoM meM behatara jIvana jIne kA sarala rAstA / jIvana ke prati pUrNa ImAnadAra va javAbadAra banane kA udghoSa jIvana aura dharma ke bIca aTa, akhaNDa sambandha kI sthApanA kA * jIvana ko vizvAsa ke sAtha-sAtha vijJAna para khar3A karane kA prayAsa jIvana meM bhAnta dhAraNAoM kA utthaapn| tathA yathArtha mAnyatAoM kA sthApana Fer Personale Pavere Use Only
Page #900
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAdhya (lakSya) kI prApti lakSya-prApti prayatna lakSya-prApti bAhya pariveza se prApta lakSya-prApti prabandhana / bAdhaka-tattvoM kA nirAkaraNa bAhya pariveza kI ora sAdhaka-tattvoM kA svIkaraNa lakSya (sAdhya) kA nirdhAraNa sAdhaka prabandhana - prabandhana vaha vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika prakriyA hai, jo badalate hue pariveza meM, jIvana ke samyaka lakSya kA nirdhAraNa kara, lakSya kI siddhi ke lie niyojana, saMgaThana, saMsAdhana, nirdezana, samanvayana aura niyantraNa kA samucita prayoga kara, sAdhaka-tattvoM kA samyaka upayoga evaM / bAdhaka-tatvoM kA samyaka nirAkaraNa kara lakSya kI prApti karAtA hai| aura antataH jIvana kA samagra vikAsa karake / - carama Atmika-zAnti pradAna karatA hai|| For Personal & Private Use Only